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4037225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90%20Degrees%20East | 90 Degrees East | 90 Degrees East, also known as 90°E Lake, is a lake in Antarctica. With a surface area of about , it is the second-largest known subglacial lake in Antarctica, after Lake Vostok. 90 Degrees East was discovered in January 2006, along with Sovetskaya. It is named after the 90th meridian east, on which it lies.
See also
Lake Vostok
Sovetskaya (lake)
References
Lakes of Kaiser Wilhelm II Land |
4037233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgharen | Borgharen | Borgharen (; ) is a town in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Maastricht, and lies about 3 km north of Maastricht. Until 1970, it was a separate municipality.
In 2001, Borgharen had 1814 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.34 km², and contained 732 residences.
People from Borgharen
Paul Panhuysen (1934–2015), composer
Johan de Vree (1938-2017), Dutch political scientist
References
External links
Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Neighbourhoods of Maastricht |
4037238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racey | Racey | Racey are a British pop group, formed in 1976 in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England, by Clive Wilson and Phil Fursdon. They achieved success in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with hits such as "Lay Your Love on Me" and "Some Girls". Their 1979 song "Kitty" was an international hit in 1981 for Toni Basil when she reworked it into "Mickey".
Career
The original line-up featured Richard Gower (born 1955, Hackney, London, England; vocals, keyboards, piano, guitar), Phil Fursdon (guitar, vocals), Pete Miller (bass, vocals) and Clive Wilson (drums, percussion, vocals). After early success in their local pub circuit, they came to the attention of Mickie Most. Racey's first single, "Baby It's You", was penned by Smokie members Chris Norman and Pete Spencer, and released in 1978. Their second single, "Lay Your Love on Me", was the group's first hit single, peaking at No.3 in the UK Singles Chart in late 1978 through to early 1979. Their third single, "Some Girls", was also written by Mike Chapman and reached No.2 in the UK charts. ("Some Girls" was later recorded by Barry Manilow for his 1982 "Here Comes the Night" album.)
The band parted company with Chinn and Chapman after the album was released and, although they continued to play and tour, they released only a few more singles, which did not match their previous successes. The only album they made with the original line-up was their 1979 debut Smash and Grab. The band's hits were either written and/or produced by Mike Chapman and Nicky Chinn.
The band formally split in 1985.
In 1990, Racey reformed after Wilson and Fursdon were approached to play at a Fourth of July party. Miller died of cancer on 6 May 2003. Several albums and CDs, with re-recordings of the original hits as well as new material, are available from both of the present-day versions of the group.
In August 2021, the band released "It's a Glorious Day".
Discography
Albums
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Singles
References
External links
English pop music groups
English glam rock groups
English new wave musical groups
People from Weston-super-Mare
Rak Records artists
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups disestablished in 1985 |
4037239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boekend | Boekend | Boekend (; ; ) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Venlo, and lies about 4 km west of the city center.
In 2001, Boekend had 328 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.1 km², and contained 122 residences.
References
Boroughs of Venlo
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands) |
4037243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocholtz | Bocholtz | Bocholtz (; Ripuarian: is a town in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Simpelveld, and lies about 7 km southwest of Kerkrade. Until 1982, it was a separate municipality.
History
Bocholtz dates back to the Roman era. A Roman villa was found in the Vlengendaal, a street of Bocholtz, in 1911. A farmer plowing his land found a Roman sarcophagus in October 2003.
Architecture and buildings
Castle De Bongard
The Castle De Bongard dates from the 16th century. The current building only represents 1/4 of the original building. The rest was destroyed during the invasion by the French during the Napoleonic Wars.
Hoeve Overhuizen
Hoeve Overhuizen is a fortified farm with roots dating back as far as the 13th century.
From 2015 Rabobank moves in after redecorating the interior of the building to make it their regional headquarters.
Church
The James the Greater Church was built between 1869 and 1873 by architect Pierre Cuypers. Construction workers expanding the church in 1953 found the remains of a building from the late medieval period on the same site. The patron saint of the church is St. James, son of Zebedee.
Regional language
Bocholtz is part of the Netherlands and therefore the official language is Dutch. A lot of people also speak Bocholtzer, a regional language that is considered part of either the Ripuarian or Limburgish groups of dialects. It is also referred to as Southeast Limburgish.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Simpelveld |
4037245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linford%20Christie%20Stadium | Linford Christie Stadium | The Linford Christie Stadium is an athletics stadium in Wormwood Scrubs, West London, England.
The venue first opened as the West London Stadium in 1967. It initially had a cinder running track, which was upgraded to a synthetic surface in 1973. In 1993 the stadium was renamed after Olympic 100 metres gold medallist Linford Christie, who often trained at the venue with the Thames Valley Harriers.
The stadium was redeveloped further between 2004 and 2006, when additional facilities for sports including football, rugby and hockey were installed. The work was funded by London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, the Football Foundation, Chelsea F.C. and Barclays. Chelsea players John Terry and Shaun Wright-Phillips attended the re-opening. The video for "So Many Roads" by Example was filmed here in 2007.
References
External links
UK Running Track Directory page
Athletics venues in London
Sport in Hammersmith and Fulham
Sports venues completed in 1967
1967 establishments in England |
4037246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boukoul | Boukoul | Boukoul is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Roermond, and is situated about 5 km northeast of Roermond.
The village was first mentioned in 1463 as "opter Buyeckulen". The etymology is unclear.
Boukoul was home to 322 people in 1840. Hillenraad Castle was built in the 17th century as a manor house. It received its current shape in 1767. In 1935, a church was built in Boukoul. In 1945, several days before liberation, the tower was blown up by the Germans. It was restored in 1947.
Boukoul used to be part of the municipality of Swalmen. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Roermond.
Gallery
References
External links
Website Harmonie Amicitia Boukoul
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Roermond |
4037248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broekhuizen%2C%20Limburg | Broekhuizen, Limburg | Broekhuizen is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Horst aan de Maas, and lies about 14 km north of Venlo.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1246 as Iohanne de Bruchusen, and means "houses near swampy land". Broekhuizen developed on the Maas in the Early Middle Ages. It used to be part of the . In 1323, it became part of the Duchy of Guelders. In 1484, it became an independent parish. In 1648, it became part of the Spanish Netherlands. In 1713, it belonged to Prussia, and finally in 1815, it became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The St Nicolaas is a single-aisled church which was built around 1500. After a fire in 1862, it was extensively restored between 1885 and 1886. It was damaged in 1944, and partially rebuilt between 1951 and 1952.
The Broekhuizen castle had been known to exist since the 13th century. A tower was built around 1473, and in 1732 a manor house was attached to the tower. The castle was restored in 1399, but was destroyed during the Battle of Broekhuizen in 1944. German fallschirmjäger had taken possession of the castle and were attacked by the British Army. The remains except for the cellar were later demolished in 1990.
Broekhuizen was home to 210 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 2001, when it was merged with Horst aan de Maas.
Gallery
References
Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2001
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Horst aan de Maas |
4037252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broekhuizenvorst | Broekhuizenvorst | Broekhuizenvorst is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Horst aan de Maas and lies at 18 km north of Venlo.
The village was first mentioned in 1294 or 1295 as "apud Vorste", and means "not fenced off forest near Broekhuizen". Broekhuizen was added to distinguish from Grubbenvorst. Broekhuizenvorst developed on the Maas in the Early Middle Ages. It used to be part of the . In 1323, it became part of the Duchy of Guelders. In 1648, it became part of the Spanish Netherlands. In 1673, it became an independent parish. In 1713, it belonged to Prussia, and finally in 1815, it became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The Holy Name of Jesus Church is a short double aisled church. Its existence was already recorded in 1214. In the 13th century, the tower was added. It was enlarged in the 15th century. In 1944, the tower was blown up, and the church was rebuilt between 1948 and 1949.
Broekhuizenvorst was home to 436 people in 1840.
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Horst aan de Maas |
4037254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buggenum | Buggenum | Buggenum (; ) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It was a part of the municipality of Haelen until 2007, when it merged into the municipality of Leudal. It lies about 5 km north of Roermond.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1230 as Bugnem, and means "settlement of Buggo (person)". Buggenum developed in the Early Middle Ages along the Maas. It used to be part of the County of Horne and later became part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. It became an independent heerlijkheid in 1679. Up to 1949, there was a ferry to Roermond near the village.
The Catholic St Allegundis Church is a three aisled church. The choir still dates from around 1400. The remainder was destroyed in 1944. The current church is Gothic Revival style was built between 1948 and 1949, and a tower was added in 1958.
Malborgh estate is a castle-like building with two corner towers. In 1470, it became owned by the St Elisabeth monastery. In 1798, it became private property and received its current shape in 1830.
Buggenum was home to 668 people in 1840. Buggenum was a separate municipality until 1942, when it was merged with Haelen.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Leudal |
4037258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadier%20en%20Keer | Cadier en Keer | Cadier en Keer (Limburgish: Keer) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten, and lies about 5 km east of Maastricht.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1266 as Cadirs. It has a double name, but it has always been a single village. The northern side of the road fell under Maastricht as Keer while the southern side fell under Dalhem as Cadier. In 1662, the village became part of the Dutch Republic.
The Catholic Exaltation Church is an aisleless church with detached tower. The tower has 12th century elements. The church was built between 1957 and 1958 in traditional style.
Blankenberg Castle was first mentioned in 1371. The current building dates from 1825. In 1904, it became a monastery of the French fraternity of Saint Blaise. The mission house was built in 1891. The originally buildings burnt down in 1954. It currently houses the Africa museum.
Cadier was a separate municipality until 1828. Cadier en Keer was a separate municipality between 1828 and 1982, when it was merged with Margraten. Cadier was home to 215 people in 1840 and Keer had 335 inhabitants. In 2011, the village became part of the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten.
Gallery
References
External links
Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Eijsden-Margraten |
4037265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castenray | Castenray | Castenray is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Venray, and lies about 17 km northwest of Venlo.
The village was first mentioned in 1409 as Casterloe. The etymology is unclear. Castenray was home to 211 people in 1840.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Venray |
4037266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenrade | Doenrade | Doenrade is a village in the southern Dutch province of Limburg. Historically its name has also been spelled Dudenrode and Doenradt and was along a main trade route between Germany and southern Limburg. Until 1982 it was a part of the municipality of Oirsbeek but was transferred to the municipality of Schinnen. In 2019 that municipality merged with Onderbanken and Nuth to form Beekdaelen. It lies about 4 km southeast of Sittard and borders the town of Hillensberg to the north.
In 2010, Doenrade had 1,135 inhabitants. The area of the town is 4.6 km², and contained 460 households.
, which was built around 1117, is situated on the edge of the town and is a popular place to stay for tourists visiting Limburg as it has been turned into a hotel and restaurant. The towns rolling hills, bucolic pastureland, and historic buildings make it seems to visitors that they've stepped back in time.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Beekdaelen |
4037273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckelrade | Eckelrade | Eckelrade () is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is part of the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten, and situated about 8 km southeast of the town of Maastricht.
Traditions
This village holds a yearly contest in cherry stone spitting. Spectators are used to bringing an umbrella, when they visit the battlefield.
This village is one of the few that has been part of four municipalities at the same time and later one of two. (Until 1828 parts of it belonged to Gronsveld, to Breust, to Rijckholt and to Valkenburg. From 1828 until 1982 it was part of Sint Geertruid and of Gronsveld, whereas in the last mentioned year it completely became part of Margraten). But it is said that before 1828 a criminal could easily avoid apprehension by simply crossing the street, as there was little or no juridical co-ordination between the several municipalities the village then partly belonged to.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Eijsden-Margraten |
4037278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tause%20language | Tause language | Tause, also known as Doa or Darha, is a poorly-known Papuan language of Indonesia spoken by approximately 500 people, mainly in Derapos village.
The Tause only made contact with the outside world in 1982.
The Tause language has been widely reported to be related to the neighboring Lakes Plain languages; however, this conclusion is based on little evidence. Ross (2005) placed Tause in his East Bird's Head – Sentani family, along with another language isolate and two small families, but this was motivated more by an attempt to spark further research than an actual claim of relationship. Usher (2018) classifies it as the most divergent of the West Lakes Plain languages.
References
Languages of western New Guinea
West Lakes Plain languages
Unclassified languages of New Guinea |
4037279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles%20Jaquet | Gilles Jaquet | Gilles Jaquet (born 16 June 1974 in La Chaux-de-Fonds) is a Swiss snowboarder. Jaquet has competed since 1995 and was World Champion in 2001 (Giant Slalom) and 2002. He has also competed at three Olympic Games.
References
External links
Website of Gilles Jaquet
Swiss male snowboarders
Olympic snowboarders of Switzerland
Snowboarders at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
1974 births
Living people
People from La Chaux-de-Fonds
Sportspeople from the canton of Neuchâtel |
4037281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Star%20Cinema | I Star Cinema | IStar Cinema Co., Ltd. (아이스타 시네마) (also known as IStar Cinema, Inc. and iStar Cinema) is a Korean entertainment company founded in May 2005. IStar Cinema is affiliate of Yuri International.
Its business sectors are management of celebrities, producing films and drama, and producing original soundtracks.
Related companies
Trifecta Entertainment
External links
IStar Cinema Official homepage (currently down)
Film production companies of South Korea |
4037283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egchel | Egchel | Egchel is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Peel en Maas, and lies about 14 km north of Roermond.
The village was first mentioned in 1405 as Heynchen van Aygel. The etymology is unknown.
Egchel was home to 195 people in 1840. The Catholic St Jacobus de Meerdere Church was built in 1948.
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Peel en Maas |
4037286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20films%20produced%20back-to-back | List of films produced back-to-back | Sometimes, two or more films in a series are shot and produced "back-to-back", which means simultaneously or within a short space of time. This is usually done to eliminate the need to rebuild sets and re-hire actors for sequels, and maintain audience interest in the film series. Films produced this way usually have a well-planned pipeline, where the first film may be in post-production as the second is being shot.
While sometimes a trilogy such as The Lord of the Rings is shot with all three parts back-to-back, it is much more common for only two parts to be shot this way. Often, in a trilogy, the first film will be made on its own, and if it is a success, the remaining two parts will be produced back-to-back. This approach was pioneered by the second and third parts of the Sleepaway Camp trilogy, and has since been applied to the Back to the Future and The Matrix trilogies. Back to the Future Part II, and later, The Matrix Reloaded both ended with the words "To be concluded," a variant on the traditional "To be continued," and a trailer for their respective upcoming sequels.
The following is a list of films that have been produced this way:
List
Les Misérables - Parts 1, 2 and 3 (1934)
The Tiger of Eschnapur and The Indian Tomb (both 1938)
The Count of Monte Cristo (1943)
Roger la Honte and The Revenge of Roger (1946)
Mandrin (1947 and 1948)
The Battle of Stalingrad (1949)
I tre corsari (1952) and Jolanda, the Daughter of the Black Corsair (1953)
Stars Over Colombo (1953) and The Prisoner of the Maharaja (1954)
The Count of Monte Cristo (1954)
The Aztec Mummy (1957), The Curse of the Aztec Mummy, and The Robot vs. The Aztec Mummy (1958)<ref name="Hardy, Phil 1995">Hardy, Phil (1995). "The Overlook Film Encyclopedia Horror. Overlook Press. . Page 109</ref>
And Quiet Flows the Don (1958)
The Tiger of Eschnapur (1959) and The Indian Tomb (1959)
The Buddenbrooks (1959)
Mistress of the World (1960)
The Three Musketeers (1961)
The Count of Monte Cristo (1961)
Kali Yug: Goddess of Vengeance (1963) and The Mystery of the Indian Temple (1964)
Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Françoise (1964) and Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Jean-Marc (1964)
Der Schatz der Azteken (1965) and Die Pyramide des Sonnengottes (1965)
Wild, Wild Planet (1966), War of the Planets (1966), War Between the Planets (1966) and Snow Devils (1967)
War and Peace (1966 and 1967)
Die Nibelungen (1966 and 1967)
Kampf um Rom (1968 and 1969)
Red Lips Sadisterotica (1969) and Kiss Me Monster (1969)
The Emigrants (1971) and The New Land (1972)
The Three Musketeers (1973) and The Four Musketeers (1974), shot as one film but split into two during post-production
1900 (1976)
Superman (1978) and Superman II (1980) (see also Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut, released 2006)
Petrovka, 38 (1980) and Ogaryova Street, Number 6 (1980), both films directed by Boris Grigoryev that were based on novels by Yulian Semyonov about Kostenko.
Trail of the Pink Panther (1982) and Curse of the Pink Panther (1983), parts of the Pink Panther series
The Outsiders (1983) and Rumble Fish (1983), both films directed by Francis Ford Coppola that were based on novels by S.E. Hinton.
Missing in Action (1984) and Missing in Action 2: The Beginning (1985), the second film was filmed first, but released later as a prequel
King Solomon's Mines (1985) and Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold (1986)
Jean de Florette and Manon des Sources (both 1986)
Sleepaway Camp II: Unhappy Campers (1988) and III: Teenage Wasteland (1989), sequels to the 1983 film Sleepaway Camp
The Toxic Avenger Part II and The Toxic Avenger Part III: The Last Temptation of Toxie (both 1989) were filmed as one movie but was later re-edited into two
La Révolution française (1989)
Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Part III (1990), of the Back to the Future film series
Critters 3 and 4 (both 1991), two films of the Critters series
The Lost World and Return to the Lost World (both 1992)
Smoking/No Smoking (1993)
The Three Colours trilogy: Blue (1993), White (1994) and Red (1994)
Joan the Maiden (1994)
Blue in the Face (1995) was conceived and filmed completely ad libbed immediately following production of Smoke (1995)
Bullet to Beijing (1995) and Midnight in Saint Petersburg (1996)
Wishmaster 3: Beyond the Gates of Hell (2001) and Wishmaster: The Prophecy Fulfilled (2002)
The Lord of the Rings trilogy: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003)
The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions (both 2003), parts of the Matrix series
The Best of Youth (2003)
Dracula II: Ascension (2003) and Dracula III: Legacy (2005), both were filmed in 2002.
Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003) and Volume 2 (2004), which were originally shot as one film and later edited into two
Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy and Wake Up, Ron Burgundy: The Lost Movie (2004), the second being a direct-to-video effort assembled from deleted scenes and outtakes of the first
Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed and Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning (both 2004)
Hellraiser: Deader and Hellraiser: Hellworld (both 2005)
Return of the Living Dead: Necropolis and Rave to the Grave (both 2005), the fourth and fifth films in the Return of the Living Dead series
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006) and At World's End (2007), the second and third films in the Pirates of the Caribbean series
Flags of Our Fathers and Letters From Iwo Jima (both 2006)
Arn – The Knight Templar (2007) and Arn – The Kingdom at Road's End (2008)
Che Part 1: The Argentine and Che Part 2: Guerilla (both 2008)
Anaconda 3: Offspring (2008) and Anacondas: Trail of Blood (2009)
Pulse 2: Afterlife and Pulse 3 (both 2008)
Feast II: Sloppy Seconds (2008) and Feast III: The Happy Finish (2009)
Mesrine (2008)
Shred (2008) and Revenge of the Boarding School Dropouts (2009)
The Girl Who Played with Fire and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (both 2009)
Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard (2009) and Arthur 3: The War of the Two Worlds (2010); the films were edited into Arthur and the Great Adventure (2010) for release in the United Kingdom
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) and Part 2 (2011)
The 10 "chapters" of the Adams Apples film series (2011–2012)
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2011) and Part 2 (2012)
Gangs of Wasseypur - Part 1 and Part 2 were originally shot as a single film measuring a total of 319 minutes, but because of its over-five-hour length, it was divided into two parts (160 mins and 159 mins, respectively) for the Indian market.
Nymphomaniac (2013) was originally supposed to be only one complete entry; but, because of its over-five-hour length, Lars von Trier had to split the project into two separate films.
The Hobbit trilogy: An Unexpected Journey (2012), The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014)
The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 (2014) and Part 2 (2015)
Baahubali: The Beginning (2015) and Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (2017)
Fifty Shades Darker (2017) and Fifty Shades Freed (2018)
Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019) as part of the conclusion of the Infinity Saga (the first 11 years) of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
K.G.F: Chapter 1 (2018) and K.G.F: Chapter 2 (2022)
To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You (2020) and To All the Boys: Always and Forever (2021)
The Kissing Booth 2 (2020) and The Kissing Booth 3 (2021)
After We Fell (2021) and After Ever Happy (2022)
Pushpa: The Rise (2021) and Pushpa 2: The Rule (TBA)
X (2022) and Pearl (TBA)
Avatar: The Way of Water (2022) and Avatar 3 (2024)
Avatar 4 (2026) and Avatar 5 (2028)
Though not shot entirely back-to-back, the final scene of Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith was shot in Tunisia during the production of Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones in order to avoid another trip to Tunisia for a single scene.
See also
Back-to-back film production
List of films split into multiple parts
References
Back-to-back
Film production |
4037295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Townshend%2C%202nd%20Viscount%20Sydney | John Townshend, 2nd Viscount Sydney | John Thomas Townshend, 2nd Viscount Sydney of St Leonards (21 February 1764 – 20 January 1831) was a British peer and Member of Parliament.
Early life
Townshend was born on 21 February 1764. He was the eldest son of twelve children born to Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney of St Leonards and the former Elizabeth Powys (1736–1826). His mother was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Charlotte. Two of his brothers were also Members of Parliament, the Hon. Horatio George Powys Townshend and the Hon. William Augustus Townshend. Among his siblings were Hon Mary Elizabeth Townshend, who married John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham; Hon. Frances Townshend, who married George Rice, 3rd Baron Dynevor; Hon Harriet Katherine Townshend, who married their second cousin Charles Montagu-Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch.
His paternal grandparents were Hon. Thomas Townshend MP (the second son of Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend and Hon. Elizabeth Pelham, the only surviving daughter and heiress of Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham) and the former Albinia Selwyn (daughter and heiress of Col. John Selwyn MP). His maternal grandparents were Richard Powys MP, of Hintlesham Hall, and the former Lady Mary Brudenell (the second daughter of George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan).
From 1775 to 1781, he was educated at Eton School, followed by Clare College, Cambridge. He went on the Grand Tour in 1785.
Career
In 1786, he was elected to the Parliament of the United Kingdom as the Hon. John Townshend for Newport, Isle of Wight, sitting from 1786 to 1790. He then sat for Whitchurch from 1790 to 1800, where he was listed among opponents of repeal of the Test Act in Scotland in 1791. Townshend supported Pitt's administration, voting for his assessed taxes on 4 January 1798, and acting as ministerial teller on 20 June 1798. During his tenure, "he is not known to have uttered a syllable in the House." From 1784 to 1789, he served as the Under-Secretary of State for Home Affairs followed by a Lord of the Admiralty from 1789 to 1793. From 1793 to 1800, he was a Lord of the Treasury.
Upon the death of his father in 1800, he inherited his peerage and became a courtier. From 1800 to 1810, he was a Lord of the Bedchamber to George III, while also serving as a Ranger of Hyde Park and Ranger of St James's Park from 1807 to his death.
Personal life
He was twice married and both of his wives died in childbirth. His first marriage took place on 13 April 1790 to the Hon. Sophia Southwell, daughter of Sophia (née Campbell) Southwell and Edward Southwell, 20th Baron de Clifford. Before her death on 9 November 1795, they were the parents of two children together:
Hon. Sophia Mary Townshend (d. 1852), who married John Russell, third son of Lord William Russell (himself the third son of Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock), and was the mother of Edward Russell, 23rd Baron de Clifford, a Member of Parliament for Tavistock.
Mary Elizabeth Sydney (1794–1847), who married George James Cholmondeley (1752–1830). After his death, she married Charles Marsham, 2nd Earl of Romney.
He married a second time, to Lady Caroline Elizabeth Letitia Clements on 27 Mat 1802. Lady Caroline was the third daughter of Robert Clements, 1st Earl of Leitrim and the former Lady Elizabeth Skeffington (the eldest daughter, by his second wife, of Clotworthy Skeffington, 1st Earl of Massereene). Before her death on 9 August 1805, they were the parents of one child together:
John Robert Townshend, 1st Earl Sydney (1805–1890), who married Lady Emily Paget (1810–1893), eldest daughter of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey.
Sydney died on 20 January 1831. His death was viewed by the family "as a great release from hopeless suffering". His titles and estate was inherited by his only son, John, who was created the first Earl Sydney, of Scadbury in the County of Kent on 27 February 1874. As John and his wife had no children, the Earldom, Viscountcy and Barony of Sydney became extinct on his death on 14 February 1890.
References
External links
John Thomas Townshend, 2nd Viscount Sydney (1764-1831), Ranger of Hyde Park and St James's Park at National Portrait Gallery, London.
1764 births
1831 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1784–1790
British MPs 1790–1796
British MPs 1796–1800
Lords of the Admiralty
Viscounts Sydney
John Townshend |
4037297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epen | Epen | Epen (; ) is a village in the southern part of the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Gulpen-Wittem, and lies about 15 km southwest of Kerkrade. Epen is known for its timber framed houses and is part of the sightseeing tour the Mergellandroute.
The village was first mentioned in 1041 as "in villis ... Apine", and probably means "settlement near a river". Epen developed in the Early Middle Ages.
The Catholic St Paul Conversion Church is a single aisled church with a semi built-in tower with needle spire. The church was built between 1841 and 1842 and the tower was added between 1847 and 1848.
Epen was home to 443 people in 1840. After World War II, it started to developed as a tourist area.
Gallery
References
External links
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Gulpen-Wittem |
4037300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etsberg | Etsberg | Etsberg (Limburgish: Ètsberg) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Roerdalen, and lies about 9 km southeast of Roermond.
It was first mentioned between 1803 and 1820 as Etzenberg. The etymology is unclear. Unlike most hamlets, Etsberg has a dense triangular core. It was home to 234 people in 1840.
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Roerdalen |
4037304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional%20bluegrass | Traditional bluegrass | Traditional bluegrass, as the name implies, emphasizes the traditional elements of bluegrass music, and stands in contrast to progressive bluegrass. Traditional bluegrass musicians play folk songs, tunes with simple traditional chord progressions, and on acoustic instruments of a type that were played by bluegrass pioneer Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys band in the late 1940s. Traditional bands may use their instruments in slightly different ways, for example by using multiple guitars or fiddles in a band.
In some traditional bluegrass bands, the guitar rarely takes the lead, instead acting as a rhythm instrument, one notable exception being gospel-based songs. Melodies and lyrics tend to be simple, often in the key of G, and a I-IV-V chord pattern is common. Although traditional bluegrass performers do not use electrically amplified instruments, as used in other forms of popular music, it is common practice to "mike" acoustic instruments during stage performances before larger audiences.
Bill Monroe's mandolin playing style and Kenny Baker's fiddling set the standard for traditional bluegrass musicians on those instruments. Earl Scruggs is recognized as the developer of bluegrass three finger style banjo playing.
There are ideological divisions even among traditional bluegrass bands. These divisions center on the longstanding debate about what constitutes "Bluegrass Music". A few traditional bluegrass musicians do not consider progressive bluegrass to truly be "bluegrass", some going so far as to suggest bluegrass must be styled directly after Bill Monroe's bands. However, stylistic divergences in traditional bluegrass generally center on which first generation bands from which contemporary musicians have drawn inspiration. Examples include bands who sing in the Stanley Brothers tradition: Roy Lee Centers, Larry Sparks, Sammy Adkins, The Fields Bros, The Wilson Brothers, The Gillis Brothers and various local bands across the country. Other bands followed Lester Flatt, such as Willis Spears, Curley Seckler and Karl Shifflett. Mac Wiseman's "crooning" style of Bluegrass engendered Hylo Brown and Sid Campbell. The Osborne Brothers have followers in Larry Stephenson as well as the Grascals. Frank Necessary, Blue Maggie and Hud Hadley were strongly influenced by Jimmy Martin.
See also
List of bluegrass music festivals
References
Bluegrass music |
4037305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebroek | Gebroek | Gebroek () is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Echt-Susteren, and lies about 11 km north of Sittard.
The hamlet was first mentioned around 1700 as Broich, and means "swampy land". Gebroek was home to 150 people in 1840.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Echt-Susteren |
4037314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames%20Valley%20Harriers | Thames Valley Harriers | Thames Valley Harriers (TVH) is an athletics club founded in 1887. It is based at the Linford Christie Stadium, in West London, England, and is named after member and Olympic 100 metres gold medallist Linford Christie.
In track and field, TVH competes in the Premiership Division of the National Athletics League as well as the Division 1 of the Southern Athletics League. In 2016 TVH's ladies team won the European Club Champions Cup.
The club also competes in road running and cross country at national, regional and county level. In recognition of the club's recent success - and TVH's record of strong contribution to its local community - England Athletics voted Thames Valley Harriers the top London Club for 2015.
History
Thames Valley Harriers is one of the UK's longest-established and most successful athletics clubs. It was founded in 1887
by seven aspiring cross-country runners who used the 'Peels' coffee house in Richmond Road, West London as a base for their training runs. Christened the East Twickenham Harriers, the club flourished and to reflect its widening horizons took the name Thames Valley Harriers on 14 November 1890.
TVH became a force both on the track and in endurance races. The 1908 Olympics at nearby White City Stadium increased the club's profile and a first Olympian was secured in 1936 when George Traynor competed in the long jump alongside Jesse Owens.
Other standout performers included Ken Norris who finished second in the 1954 world cross country championships and Ron Hopcroft who set world records for both the 50 and 100 miles. TVH was also the club where middle-distance coach Frank Horwill first developed his methods, including the creation of the British Milers Club in 1963.
TVH was a founding member of the British Athletics League in 1969 and enjoyed great success over the next two decades, winning the title three times and finishing in the top three on a total of 14 occasions, as well as achieving multiple wins in the Southern road relays and cross country championships.
This success provided the momentum for the club to build a new clubhouse at the West London Stadium by Wormwood Scrubs, which was completed in 1979. From this platform emerged TVH's greatest ever athlete – Linford Christie - who claimed a haul of international sprint medals including 1992 Olympic 100m gold in Barcelona. The West London Stadium was renamed the Linford Christie Stadium in his honour and he still serves as the Club President.
2021 saw the launch of a new National Athletics League, combining the former British Athletics League (BAL) for men and UK Women's Athletics League (UKWAL) into one competition. Thames Valley Harriers won all four of the club's matches to win the title.
Honours
National Athletics League
2021 Winners
British Athletics League (senior men)
First Place: 1970, 1971, 1994
Second Place: 1972, 1973, 1975, 1995, 1997
Third Place: 1969, 1974, 1976, 1979, 1991, 1996
UK Women's Athletic League (senior women)
First Place: 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019
Second Place: 2016
Third Place: 2014
European Club Champions Cup
First Place: 2016
Notable athletes
Olympians
References
External links
Official club website
Sports clubs established in 1887
Athletics clubs in London
Athletics clubs in England
1887 establishments in England |
4037325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamkova%20Hora%20%28Kyiv%29 | Zamkova Hora (Kyiv) | Zamkova Hora hill (, literally Castle Hill) in Kyiv, Ukraine is a historical landmark in the center of the city. It is part of the city's geographic relief complex known as Kyiv Mountains (or Kyiv Hills). The place is called "Zamkova" because Vytautas the Great had his castle here. Other names: Khorevytsya, Kyselivka, Frolovska, Lysa Hora. Some important events of Ukrainian history took place on the hill.
According to some researchers, Zamkova Hora also has a mystical prehistory, supposedly being one of the lysi hory ("bald mountains") - the sites of the witch gatherings. Geographically, it is really "bald" (lacking trees) from several sides.
In the 18th century a cemetery was established on the hill (now abandoned).
It is now a small landscape park in Podil Raion still containing interesting grave monuments. Zamkova Hora is also one of two hills that border the Andriyivskyy Descent.
Reclaiming the mystical essence of the hill, local satanist groups have conducted their ceremonies there since late 1980s. Small ritual structures were covertly built on site.
See also
Lysa Hora (Kyiv)
Florovsky Convent
External links
Zamkovagora Project (named after the hill, aimed to study and preserve not only it, but also other landmarks of old Kyiv)
Former castles in Ukraine
History of Kyiv
Tourist attractions in Kyiv
Hills of Kyiv
European witchcraft
Former buildings and structures in Ukraine
Andriyivskyy Descent
Podilskyi District |
4037327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil%20Mito%C5%84 | Kamil Mitoń | Kamil Mitoń (born 12 April 1984, in Kraków) is a Polish chess Grandmaster (2002).
In 1996, he won the World Chess U12 Championship, in Menorca.
He won the tournaments 2000 in Cannes/France and 2005 in Bajade de la Virgen (ahead of Kolev, Damljanovic, Fridman, Krivoshey, Spassov, Avrukh and others). In 2005 he tied for first with Magesh Chandran Panchanathan in the 33rd World Open, played in Philadelphia over the Independence Day weekend. In the same year he tied for 2nd–5th with Lazaro Bruzon, Zhang Pengxiang and Artyom Timofeev in the Samba Cup in Skanderborg. In December 2007, he came first in the 17th Magistral de Elgoibar tournament. In 2010 he tied for 1st–6th with Lázaro Bruzón, Bojan Kurajica, Yuri Gonzalez Vidal, Evgeny Gleizerov and Bartłomiej Heberla in the 4th Torneo Internacional de Ajedrez Ciudad de La Laguna and won the event on tie-break. In 2011, he tied for 1st–6th with Ivan Sokolov, Vladimir Baklan, Yuriy Kuzubov, Jon Ludvig Hammer and Illia Nyzhnyk in the MP Reykjavík Open.
In 2008 he played in the chess Olympiad in Dresden scoring 4 points in 8 games on the second board. In September 2010 he played for the Polish team at the Olympiad in Khanty-Mansiysk scoring 7.5 points out of 10 games.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Polish chess players
World Youth Chess Champions
Sportspeople from Kraków |
4037331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Kober | Alice Kober | Alice Elizabeth Kober (December 23, 1906 – May 16, 1950) was an American classicist best known for her work on the decipherment of Linear B. Educated at Hunter College and Columbia University, Kober taught classics at Brooklyn College from 1930 until her death. In the 1940s, she published three major papers on the script, demonstrating evidence of inflection; her discovery allowed for the deduction of phonetic relationships between different signs without assigning them phonetic values, and would be a key step in the eventual decipherment of the script.
Early life and education
Alice Elizabeth Kober was born in New York on December 23, 1906 to the Hungarian immigrants Franz and Katharina Kober. The family lived in Yorkville, Manhattan, and Franz worked as a furniture upholsterer and later an apartment superintendent. She had one brother, William, two years younger. Kober studied at Hunter College High School, and in 1924 won a $100-per-year scholarship. She went on to attend Hunter College, where she majored in Latin or classics and graduated magna cum laude in 1928. It was during her undergraduate studies that Kober was first introduced to the Minoan scripts. After graduating, she began postgraduate study at Columbia University, simultaneously teaching in the Hunter College classics department. She was awarded an MA from Columbia in 1929, and a PhD in 1932, with her dissertation on "The Use of Color Terms in the Greek Poets, Including all the Poets from Homer to 146 BC except the Epigrammatists".
As a graduate student, Kober studied widely, taking classes in mathematics, chemistry, and astronomy as well as classics. After finishing her PhD, she gained experience in archaeology, taking part in fieldwork in Chaco Canyon organised by the University of New Mexico in 1936, and in Greece with the American School of Classical Studies in Athens in 1939. She studied a variety of languages. As well as mastering Greek, Latin, French, German, and Anglo-Saxon, she took courses in Sanskrit at the Linguistic Institute in 1941 and 1942, and at Yale from 1942 to 1945; she also took classes in Hittite, Old Persian, Tocharian, Old Irish, Akkadian, Sumerian, Chinese, and Basque. In late 1946, at the beginning of her Guggenheim Fellowship, she studied several languages of ancient Asia Minor, including Carian, Hattic, Hurrian, Lycian, and Lydian.
Career
From 1930 until her death in 1950, Kober taught at Brooklyn College. In 1936 she became assistant professor there; in 1950 she was promoted to associate professor. Brooklyn College was primarily a teaching rather than a research institution, and she taught a full course load, sharing an office with four others. From 1944, she also converted textbooks and exams into braille for all of Brooklyn College's blind students.
Kober was a member of many professional organisations, including the American Classical League, the Archaeological Institute of America – serving on the editorial board for the American Journal of Archaeology –, the American Philological Association, and the Linguistic Society of America. From the early 1940s, she was the faculty adviser to the Hunter College chapter of Eta Sigma Phi, an honor society for classics. In 1948, she was made a research associate of the University of Pennsylvania's museum.
Linear B
Kober never married, and is not known to have had any romantic relationships; aside from her teaching commitments, she dedicated her life to the decipherment of Linear B. She began work on the script in the early 1930s, though she did not lecture about or publish her work on it until the 1940s. Unlike other scholars at the time, who began their analysis of the script by attempting to identify the language that it encoded, Kober believed that any decipherment of Linear B must begin with the internal evidence of the Linear B tablets. She began her work on Linear B by analysing the individual characters on the tablets, compiling statistics about their frequency, the positions they appeared in, and the characters which they appeared alongside. Over the course of her work on the script, she filled 40 notebooks and – after the beginning of the Second World War made paper harder to come by – 180,000 index cards made from scrap paper with her research notes.
In 1945, Kober published the first of three major papers on Linear B, "Evidence of Inflection in the 'Chariot' Tablets of Knossos", proving the hypothesis, first suggested by Sir Arthur Evans, that it recorded an inflected language. In 1946 she published the second of her major papers on the script, "Inflection in Linear Class B", which expanded on the work in her 1945 paper. This paper, according to Maurice Pope her "most rigorous and most famous" work, would prove to be a crucial step in the eventual decipherment of Linear B. In it, Kober identified so-called bridging syllables, where the beginning of the syllable is part of the root of a word, and the end is part of the inflected suffix; this allowed for the identification of phonetic relationships between sets of Linear B signs.
Also in 1946, Kober was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, allowing her to take a year off from her teaching duties to work on Linear B full time. She traveled to England, spending five weeks at St. Hugh's College, Oxford, where she would have access to the entire collection of unpublished Linear B inscriptions discovered by Evans. Kober spent her time in Oxford copying these inscriptions by hand, so they could be analysed on her return to New York; where she had only previously had access to the approximately 200 already-published inscriptions, after her time at St. Hugh's she had copies of nearly 1800.
In September 1947, at the instigation of John Franklin Daniel, the editor of the American Journal of Archaeology, Kober began work on her third major paper on Linear B, summarizing the state of scholarship on the Minoan scripts; she submitted the finished manuscript in October 1947, and it was published in 1948. Building on her 1945 and 1946 papers, in this article Kober set forth a grid of ten Linear B characters, showing for each which other signs it shared a consonant or vowel with. In the late 1940s, she also began proofreading and typing up John Myres' manuscript of Scripta Minoa II. She returned to Oxford in 1948 to work with Myres on the preparation of the manuscript for publication, and agreed to assist with Scripta Minoa III, which was to cover Linear A.
Death and legacy
In July 1949, Kober fell ill and was hospitalised. She died on May 16, 1950, aged 43. There is no record of the cause of her illness in her correspondence, death certificate, or obituaries. According to her cousin, family rumor held that she died of stomach cancer. Kober left her archives to Emmett L. Bennett Jr., an American classicist with whom she had corresponded since 1948. They are held by the University of Texas at Austin.
Kober is remembered as an important contributor to the decipherment of Linear B. In an obituary in the journal Language, Adelaide Hahn wrote that "if and when this decipherment is ultimately achieved, surely her careful and faithful spade-work will be found to have played a part therein". This prediction would prove true: after Michael Ventris' decipherment of the script, his collaborator John Chadwick recognised her for laying the foundation, and described her contributions to the study of Linear B as "the most valuable" before Ventris' final solution.
Select bibliography
Notes
References
Works cited
External links
1906 births
1950 deaths
20th-century American people
20th-century American women
American classical scholars
American people of Hungarian descent
Brooklyn College faculty
Classical philologists
Columbia University alumni
Hunter College alumni
Hunter College High School alumni
Linguists
People from Yorkville, Manhattan
Women classical scholars
Women linguists |
4037340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn%2C%20Netherlands | Horn, Netherlands | Horn is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Leudal, and lies about 5 km northwest of Roermond.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1102 as "Engelbertus de Hurne", and means "corner". Horn developed in the Early Middle Ages along the Maas. In 1102, a Heer of Horn existed. In 1450, it became the capital of the County of Horn. In 1614, Horn became part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. In 1839, it became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Horn Castle is a located on an artificially enlarged hill surrounded by a dry moat. In the 13th century an irregular square motte-and-bailey castle with four corner towers was built probably on the site of an earlier castle. In the 15th century, the castle was enlarged. Two corner towers were demolished and a new tower was built above the gate. In 1615, it was damaged by war. During the 18th century, the castle started to deteriorate and was used as a farm. In 1798, the castle was restored and extended. It was lightly damaged by war in 1945, however the living quarters suffered a fire in 1948. Between 1954 and 1957, the castle was restored by .
The Catholic St Martinus Church is a three aisled church with detached tower. It was built between 1936 and 1937 as a replacement of the 1838. The tower was blown up in 1944, and rebuilt shortly after.
Horn was home to 797 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1991, when it was merged with Haelen. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Leudal.
Notable people
Teunkie Van Der Sluijs, theatre director
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Leudal |
4037345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20American%20Mountain%20Rally | Great American Mountain Rally | Great American Mountain Rally (GAMR) was an automotive rally held in November in New England, United States. The course was 1500 miles long in harsh temperatures and cruel terrain. GAMR was possibly the first-ever US FIA-sanctioned rally.
In 1957, Saab 93 cars made headline news as three stock 93s entered into the competition and won first, third and fourth place in their class, as well as overall and team trophies.
Winners
1953
Manufacturer's team prize - Sunbeam
1954
Manufacturer's team prize - Sunbeam
1955
November 24–26
1 Kriplen-Richert (Porsche)
2 Blodgett-Rauch (Triumph TR2)
3 Bulck, W.-Bulck, E. (Austin-Healey)
1956
November 21-25
1 Lehmann-Brown (Saab)
2 Mackley-Hamlock (Renault)
3 Blackburn, D. and F. (Jaguar)
4 Young-Fendler (Volkswagen)
5 Hurtley, H. and A. (Triumph TR3)
6 Middle-Muskin (Saab)
7 Gatsonides-Blodgett (Triumph TR3)
1957
There has been no evidence discovered that the event ran through 1957; 1956 was the last year based upon all the documentation I have found. 1956 was the year that SAAB first came over and essentially swept the field.
Winner Bob Wehman and Louis Braun, USA - Saab 93
Manufacturer's team prize - SAAB
Rally competitions in the United States |
4037351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WrestleMania%2023 | WrestleMania 23 | WrestleMania 23 was the 23rd annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw, SmackDown!, and ECW brand divisions. The event took place on April 1, 2007, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. The event was the first WrestleMania at Ford Field and the second to take place in the Detroit metropolitan area (following WrestleMania III, which was held at the Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan). It was also the first WrestleMania to feature the ECW brand following its establishment as WWE's third brand in May 2006.
Eight professional wrestling matches were scheduled for the event, which featured a supercard, a scheduling of more than one main event. The main event of the show, which was the main match on the Raw brand, was John Cena versus Shawn Michaels for the WWE Championship, in which Cena won. The predominant match on the SmackDown! brand was Batista versus The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship, in which The Undertaker was victorious. The primary match on the ECW brand saw ECW World Champion Bobby Lashley (representing Donald Trump) defeat Raw's Intercontinental Champion Umaga (representing Vince McMahon) in a match where either Trump or McMahon would be shaved bald if their wrestler lost. The match was billed as the "Battle of the Billionaires". Other featured matches included an eight-man tag team match between The ECW Originals and The New Breed and an eight-man interpromotional Money in the Bank ladder match.
Tickets for the event went on sale on November 11, 2006. The event set the all-time Ford Field attendance record of 80,103 people; people from all fifty U.S. states, twenty-four countries, and nine Canadian provinces attended the event. WrestleMania 23 grossed $5.38 million in ticket sales, breaking the previous record of $3.9 million held by WrestleMania X8. WWE estimated that $25 million was pumped into the Detroit economy. With about 1.2 million buys, the event, at the time, was the most bought WWE pay-per-view in history. 2012's WrestleMania XXVIII surpassed the event as the most bought WWE pay-per-view, receiving 1.21 million buys. WrestleMania 23 was also the fifth highest attended WrestleMania in history behind only WrestleMania 29 (which drew 80,676 fans), WrestleMania 35 (which drew 82,265 fans) WrestleMania III (which drew 93,173 fans), and WrestleMania 32 (which drew 101,763 fans).
Production
Background
WrestleMania is considered World Wrestling Entertainment's (WWE) flagship pay-per-view (PPV) event, having first been held in 1985. It has become the longest-running professional wrestling event in history and is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. It was the first of WWE's original four pay-per-views, which includes Royal Rumble, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, referred to as the "Big Four". WrestleMania 23 was scheduled to be held on April 1, 2007, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. The event featured wrestlers from the Raw, SmackDown!, and ECW brands. It was the first to feature ECW, a relaunch of the former Extreme Championship Wrestling promotion that became a WWE brand in June 2006, subsequently also being the first to feature the ECW World Championship (although it was not defended at this event as the champion competed in a non-title match).
The set design for WrestleMania 23 began development in October 2006 after WWE set designer, Jason Robinson, first received the final logo for the event. Robinson and his team first surveyed Ford Field in July 2006 and began planning out the staging and lighting designs. After returning to the stadium in January 2007 for more site surveying, Robinson and his team finalized the set's design in February. The final design resulted in WrestleMania 23 having the largest set ever built for a WrestleMania event. It incorporated 414 LED video screens and automated lights, 10 spotlights, 56 searchlights, 50,000 ft of cable for pyrotechnics and other use, and 35 stage flamethrowers used to produce 30 ft high and 6 ft wide flames, all which gave the set a unique look for each performer's entrance and an expanded stage lighting element of 300 ft in width and 100 ft in height using the specialized stage lighting instruments. The ramp used to reach the ring from the entrance set was 187 ft in length.
Though it took three weeks to fully prepare Ford Field, set assembly began the week before WrestleMania 23 and was completed shortly before the day of the event. It took a week for three hundred staff members, unloading and working from forty semi-trucks, to build the set and assemble the event's lighting within Ford Field, far more than the usual forty hours, one hundred staff members, and fourteen semi-trucks required for the production of WWE's weekly television events. After the event concluded, it took around thirty hours to disassemble the set and lighting, also far more than the usual three hours required for WWE's weekly television events.
Storylines
WrestleMania 23 featured professional wrestling matches involving wrestlers from existing scripted feuds and storylines played out on WWE's television programs. Wrestlers portrayed faces (heroes) or heels (villains) as they followed a series of events that built tension and culminated in a match or a series of matches.
The main staged rivalry heading into WrestleMania 23 was between WWE Chairman Vince McMahon and future 45th President of the United States Donald Trump. On the January 8 edition of Raw, Trump faced off against his real-life rival, Rosie O'Donnell. Trump won the contest, although local wrestlers portrayed Trump and O'Donnell. During McMahon's "Fan Appreciation Night" on the January 29 edition of Raw, Trump interrupted and dropped large sums of money into the arena. The following month, the two came up with a match for WrestleMania, where the stipulations for the match were that they each had to choose a representative to wrestle for them and the loser would have his head shaved bald. This match was then billed as the "Battle of the Billionaires". McMahon picked Umaga as his representative, while Trump picked Bobby Lashley. After successfully defending his ECW World Championship against Hardcore Holly in a Steel Cage match, a match in which the ring is surrounded by a steel cage on an edition of ECW on Sci Fi, Lashley charged at the cage, slammed through it, and landed atop of Umaga, who was at ringside. On the March 5 edition of Raw, Steve Austin was appointed as special guest referee for the "Battle of the Billionaires" match at WrestleMania 23. On the March 26 edition of Raw, McMahon faced off against Lashley in a No Disqualification match. In the match, several people interfered on McMahon's behalf, including Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch, Chris Masters, Johnny Nitro, and Umaga. This interference allowed McMahon to win the bout.
The main rivalry on the Raw brand was between John Cena and Shawn Michaels over the WWE Championship. After The Undertaker, the winner of the 2007 Royal Rumble match, made his decision to face Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania, a match to determine the next challenger to the WWE Championship was announced. Michaels defeated Randy Orton and Edge in a Triple Threat match to win a chance to face Cena at WrestleMania. On an edition of Raw, Orton and Edge, who were tag team partners as Rated-RKO, attempted to attack Cena, but Michaels ran-in and attacked them with steel chairs. Before a scheduled tag team match between Rated-RKO and Cena and Michaels, Orton played a video that highlighted the past friendships that Michaels was involved in, before turning on the friend. In the match, Michaels nearly superkicked Cena after Orton moved. Due to a later disagreement, Edge left Orton and walked off backstage, which allowed Cena and Michaels to win the match. The following week, Michaels responded to the video set-up by Orton, and made comments regarding Cena.
After Michaels defeated Orton, Cena ran-down to the ring and saved Michaels from an attack by Edge and Orton. On the final Raw before WrestleMania, Cena and Michaels would team up to face Batista and Undertaker in a rematch from their match at No Way Out. Cena and Michaels looked set to win after performing a synchronized Five Knuckle Shuffle, but Michaels turned on Cena and superkicked him, which allowed Batista and Undertaker to win the match.
The main feud on the SmackDown! brand was between Batista and The Undertaker over the World Heavyweight Championship. Undertaker won the 2007 Royal Rumble match to earn a championship match against any one of WWE's three world championships (WWE, World Heavyweight, or ECW). On the February 5 episode of Raw, Undertaker chose to challenge Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship when he chokeslammed him at the center of the ring. In the weeks leading to WrestleMania 23, Batista and Undertaker partook in tag team matches. At the beginning of the feud, Batista claimed to have great respect for The Undertaker; however, after several attacks by The Undertaker, Batista claimed to have lost all respect for him especially at No Way Out when Batista gained some payback by delivering a Spinebuster to The Undertaker, allowing Raw's WWE Champion, John Cena and Shawn Michaels to deliver their signature moves on The Undertaker for the victory during their inter-promotional WrestleMania 23 tag team main event. On the final Raw before WrestleMania during a rematch between Cena and Michaels against Batista and Undertaker from No Way Out, Undertaker walked out of the match in response to Batista attacking him during the first encounter, leaving Batista to fight alone against Cena and Michaels. However, Batista and Undertaker would end up winning the match after Michaels betrayed Cena by hitting him with a superkick, which allowed Batista to pin Cena for the win.
The main feud on the ECW brand was between two teams of four; The ECW Originals and The New Breed. The feud mainly revolved around which team was the "dominant force" in the revived ECW brand. The two factions of four-faced off in several tag team matches throughout the weeks prior to the event. The New Breed seemed to have dominated for several weeks; however, ECW Originals leader, Rob Van Dam, defeated New Breed leader Elijah Burke in a singles match. ECW Original Tommy Dreamer issued the challenge to the New Breed for an eight-man tag team match at WrestleMania 23, which was accepted by Burke on behalf of The New Breed.
The last major feud involved eight men. Several weeks before WrestleMania 23, it was announced that the Money in the Bank ladder match would be held again, as it was in the last two years. This year, however, there would be eight men involved, rather than six the two previous years had. Throughout the weeks leading up to WrestleMania 23, qualifying matches took place on all three shows. On an edition of Raw, Edge, the winner of the match held in 2005, defeated Rob Van Dam, the winner of the match held in 2006, to earn the first spot in the match. The next night on ECW, another cross-brand match took place, with CM Punk defeating Johnny Nitro to qualify. On that week's SmackDown!, King Booker became the third man to qualify, defeating Kane in a Falls Count Anywhere match after The Great Khali interfered. On the next edition of Raw, Jeff Hardy pinned Shelton Benjamin in a match to become the fourth man to qualify. The next night on ECW, Mr. Kennedy defeated Sabu in an Extreme Rules match to earn the fifth spot. On the next SmackDown!, two qualifying matches took place, with Matt Hardy and Finlay winning their respective match to qualify when Matt Hardy defeated Joey Mercury and Finlay defeated WWE US Champion, Chris Benoit & Montel Vontavious Porter in the Triple threat qualification match. The final qualifying match took place on Raw between Carlito and Ric Flair. The match was deemed a no-contest after The Great Khali interfered and attacked both men. The following week, on Raw, Randy Orton defeated Flair and Carlito in an elimination match to become the final man to qualify. After Edge and Orton had split as a team, the two attempted to get the other taken out of the Money in the Bank ladder match. Both men failed, however, as Edge won a "last chance" battle royal to retain his spot and Orton won a match on ECW to retain his.
At No Way Out, WWE United States Champion Chris Benoit and the Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) defeated MNM (Joey Mercury and Johnny Nitro) and Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP). After Benoit and MVP had some matches with the two in them (tag team and triple threat matches), MVP decided to start showing he was the "true" United States Champion. MVP would then have matches against the "champions" of other countries (including Luxembourg and Scotland, who in reality were jobbers), beating them within minutes. MVP then challenged Benoit for the title at WrestleMania 23.
Event
Pre-show
Before the event went live on pay-per-view, Ric Flair and Carlito faced Gregory Helms and Chavo Guerrero in a tag team lumberjack match. Flair and Carlito controlled the early part of the match until Helms threw Flair over the top rope. The lumberjacks attacked Flair before throwing him back into the ring. Helms and Guerrero continued to beat on Flair, but couldn't pin Flair. Guerrero tried to end it with his frog splash, but Flair moved. Guerrero tagged in Helms, but Flair tagged in Carlito. Carlito dominated Helms, leading to Guerrero coming in to help Helms, but Flair came in and fought Guerrero. Flair and Guerrero took each other out of the ring, and before the lumberjacks could throw them back in the ring, Carlito hit the Backstabber on Guerrero to pick up the win for himself and Flair.
The event officially began with Aretha Franklin singing a rendition of "America the Beautiful", reprising her role from twenty years earlier at WrestleMania III.
Preliminary matches
In the first match that aired, Edge, Randy Orton, Jeff Hardy, King Booker (with Queen Sharmell), Mr. Kennedy, Matt Hardy, Finlay, and CM Punk competed in the third annual Money in the Bank ladder match. The match featured many notable spots, including points where Edge performed the Spear on all the other opponents, followed by Orton doing the same by performing the RKO later in the match. Kennedy missed a Kenton Bomb, landing on a ladder, and received a Swanton Bomb from Jeff. Several dangerous ladders spots were also featured, including Orton performing an RKO on Punk off a ladder, and Booker performing a Book End to Orton off the ladder as well. Midway through the match, Jeff climbed a fifteen-foot-high ladder inside the ring and on his brother, Matt's urging, he performed a leg drop off of that ladder onto Edge, through another ladder bridged between the ring apron and the barricade. They were carried off on stretchers by the paramedics. Later, when Booker was about to retrieve the contract briefcase, Matt held Booker's wife, Sharmell as a hostage, threatening to perform a Twist of Fate on her. Booker went to her aid and received the Twist of Fate from Matt. Finlay fought Matt for some time in the ring, and also performed the Celtic Cross to Matt onto a ladder. Finlay's associate Hornswoggle emerged from under the ring and attempted to retrieve the briefcase for Finlay. He was stopped by Kennedy, who performed his Green Bay Plunge on Hornswoggle. Kennedy went on to win the match, only after knocking Punk off a ladder by hitting him with another ladder.
The next match was billed as a "SmackDown! versus Raw Interpromotional match". Raw's The Great Khali faced SmackDown!'s Kane. It was a short match but contained a notable spot. In homage to Hulk Hogan slamming André the Giant twenty years earlier at WrestleMania III, Kane picked up Khali for the first time and body-slammed him to the mat. The match ended with Khali pinning Kane after a Giant Chokeslam. After the match, Khali choked Kane out with Kane's chained hook, which was a reference to Kane's movie, See No Evil, where his character used the hook as a signature weapon.
A backstage segment was featured next, which involved Cryme Tyme persuading Eugene to dance with Extreme Expose instead he danced with Mae Young and The Fabulous Moolah, who were dressed as strippers as Cryme Tyme danced with Extreme Exposé. Also featured in the segment were WWE Legends Slick, Ricky Steamboat, Jimmy Hart, Irwin R. Schyster, Dusty Rhodes, Sgt. Slaughter, Howard Finkel, Gene Okerlund, Pat Patterson and Gerald Brisco, many of whom had not been seen on television in years until Farooq interrupted the festivities with his signature "DAMN!" catchphrase.
In the fourth match, Chris Benoit faced Montel Vontavious Porter for the United States Championship. The match started off with a chain of takedowns, holds, and reversals, with MVP keeping up with Benoit, even going for some submission holds. The match lasted almost ten minutes, with Benoit attempting to lock in some of his signature submission holds, but MVP successfully reversed them, including the Crippler Crossface. The two exchanged suplexes and holds until Benoit executed a Diving headbutt on MVP, which led to Benoit getting the pinfall victory to retain the WWE United States Championship.
Main event matches
Long-time ring announcer Howard Finkel then introduced the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2007. The next match featured Batista defending the World Heavyweight Championship against The Undertaker. Undertaker's entrance was without pyro due to it prematurely igniting during an earlier match, catching part of the stage on fire, which was put out with fire extinguishers. The match started with Batista performing a Spear on Undertaker as the bell sounded. The match went back and forth, with both men countering each other and performing their finishers. Undertaker performed a Chokeslam, but Batista kicked out of the pinfall attempt. Undertaker was then able to perform a Last Ride to Batista for a near-fall. Midway through the match, Undertaker performed an Over The Top Rope Suicide Dive on Batista. At one point, Batista was able to perform a running powerslam on Undertaker through a broadcast table. Back in the ring, Batista executed a Spinebuster followed by a Batista Bomb for a near-fall. Undertaker then pinned Batista following a Tombstone piledriver to become the World Heavyweight Champion and emerge from WrestleMania with his winning streak intact. The Undertaker's win made him the first wrestler to have won both the World Heavyweight Championship and the WWE Championship at WrestleMania.
The ECW Originals (Rob Van Dam, Sabu, Tommy Dreamer, and The Sandman) took on The New Breed (Elijah Burke, Kevin Thorn, Marcus Cor Von, and Matt Striker) next. The match started off with Cor Von working over Sabu. That changed when Cor Von tagged Striker, who missed an elbow after whipping Sabu into the ropes, allowing Sandman to get tagged. Sandman dominated Striker, and eventually tagged Van Dam. Van Dam used also dominated Striker but was poked in the eye, allowing Striker to tag in Burke. Burke had early success, but Van Dam regained the advantage and tagged Sandman again. Sandman worked on Burke until tagging Dreamer. Dreamer also beat down Burke until Cor Von received a blind tag and hit Dreamer from behind. Cor Von attacked Dreamer relentlessly and went over and punched Sabu, which distracted the referee and allowed Dreamer to be triple-teamed by Thorn, Burke, and Striker. Cor Von tagged in Burke who almost pinned Dreamer. Thorn entered next and almost performed his finishing move called the Original Sin. Dreamer managed to escape but was unable to tag his partners. Thorn tagged in Cor Von again who also almost pinned Dreamer. Cor Von tagged Thorn again, and Thorn resumed the beat down on Dreamer. Thorn tagged Striker next, and Striker attempted a suplex that Dreamer blocked and Dreamer suplexed Striker instead. Striker did not try to tag his partners and tried to stop Dreamer, but Dreamer tagged in Sabu. Sabu began to manhandle Striker and executed a leg drop from the top rope. Van Dam was then tagged in. Burke broke up Van Dam's pin attempt, which led to all competitors entering the ring. While the referee was distracted, Ariel gave Striker a chair. But Van Dam gave Striker an Van Daminator when he kicked the chair into Striker's face. Van Dam pinned Striker after a Five-Star Frog Splash to win the match for The Originals.
The match that WWE billed as the "Battle of the Billionaires" was next, as Umaga (accompanied by Vince McMahon and his handler Armando Alejandro Estrada) fought Bobby Lashley (accompanied by Donald Trump). Stone Cold Steve Austin served as the special guest referee. Trump was attended to by Tara Connor. Midway through the match, Austin was attacked by Umaga, causing him to become incapacitated and was taken out of the match for several minutes. Shane McMahon, who attempted to replace him as the referee, called the match while being biased toward Umaga. After Umaga got a near-fall on Lashley, Austin pulled Shane out of the ring, gave him a Stunner, and went back to the ring. Umaga attempted a Samoan Spike on Austin, but he avoided it and Stunned Umaga. Lashley took the opportunity and speared Umaga, then pinned him to get the victory. After the match, Trump and Lashley shaved Vince's head bald, followed by Austin executing a Stunner on Trump.
The next match was Melina against Ashley in a Lumberjill Match for the WWE Women's Championship. The match was short, as Melina Bridge pinned Ashley to retain the title. After the match, the lumberjills began brawling in the ring.
The main event was John Cena against Shawn Michaels for the WWE Championship. After a back and forth match, the longest of the night, Cena applied the STF on Michaels, Michaels submitted and Cena retained the title.
Reception
The event received generally positive reviews. Canadian Online Explorer writers Dale Plummer and Nick Tylwalk rated the entire event 8 out of 10 stars, which was the same rating as the previous year's event. The lowest rated match on the card was Kane versus The Great Khali with a 0.5 out of a 10 star rating, the WWE Women's Championship match between Melina and Ashley was the second lowest rated match; it was rated 2 stars. The "Battle of the Billionaires" match was rated an 8 out of 10 stars. Batista versus The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship match, one of the matches from the double main event, was rated 7.5 out of 10 stars. The main event match for the WWE Championship was rated a 9 out of 10 stars, and the Money in the Bank ladder match received the same rating. The attendance was reported to be 80,103 by numerous sources, a Ford Field record.
Aftermath
John Cena and Shawn Michaels continued their feud, with Michaels betraying Cena the night after WrestleMania on Raw. During the second of two battle royals, Michaels eliminated himself and Cena, resulting in The Hardys winning the World Tag Team Championship. On the Raw before Backlash, Cena and Michaels wrestled an almost hour long non-title match, which Michaels won.
Batista also continued his feud with The Undertaker, facing off against him in a Last Man Standing match the following month at Backlash. The match ended in a draw after both men failed to answer the ten count, therefore resulting in Undertaker retaining the title. The two faced each other in a Steel cage match on the May 11, 2007, edition of SmackDown!, which ended in a draw after both men escaped the cage at the same time. The feud ended when The Undertaker dropped the World Heavyweight Championship due to a legitimate injury. Edge, who won Kennedy's Money in the Bank contract in a match on Raw the previous Monday, cashed it in and defeated The Undertaker after the Steel cage match to win the title.
Bobby Lashley's feud with Vince McMahon continued for a further three months after the event. Vince, livid after being embarrassed at WrestleMania, vowed to destroy Lashley and take his ECW World Championship. At Backlash, Vince, his son Shane and Umaga teamed up a Three on one handicap match against Lashley, and after two Samoan Splashes by Umaga from the top rope, Vince pinned Lashley to win the ECW World Championship. The feud continued for a further two pay-per-views, with Lashley pinning Shane in a rematch from Backlash at Judgment Day, but Vince ruled that as he did not get pinned, Lashley did not win the title. At One Night Stand, Lashley finally defeated Vince in a Street Fight to reclaim the ECW World Championship.
The match between Chris Benoit and Montel Vontavious Porter expanded into a lengthy feud for the WWE United States Championship, resulting in Benoit retaining via pinfall at Backlash and MVP winning the title in a Two out of three falls match at Judgment Day, winning 2–0.
The feud between the ECW Originals and the New Breed continued, with the New Breed defeating the ECW Originals in an Extreme Rules match on the next edition of ECW. Sabu was released from the company shortly after WrestleMania, and The Sandman was drafted to Raw a few months later in the 2007 WWE Draft. Kevin Thorn left the New Breed shortly after WrestleMania and Marcus Cor Von was also released shortly thereafter. By this point, Elijah Burke and Matt Striker had ceased associating with one another, with Striker eventually being relegated to a manager role for Big Daddy V. In addition, Rob Van Dam left the company when his contract expired shortly after One Night Stand. As a result of all of this, the feud eventually puttered out and was rarely mentioned again.
Mr. Kennedy lost his Money in the Bank contract to Edge on the May 7 episode of Raw, after Edge defeated Kennedy in a match with the briefcase on the line. Kennedy would be only Money in the Bank contract holder to never cash in the briefcase until Otis in 2020. On the May 11, 2007, episode of SmackDown!, after the Undertaker retained the World Heavyweight Championship in a steel cage match against Batista via a draw and was attacked by Mark Henry, Edge successfully cashed the contract in on a beaten-down Undertaker and won the World Heavyweight Championship for the first time in his career.
This was the last WrestleMania ever to be in 4:3 format until January 2008 when it went to high definition.
Sponsorship controversy
Rockford-Montgomery Labs, through their brand 360 OTC, was named as the official sponsor of the event. On January 19, 2008, WWE filed a lawsuit against the company alleging non-payment of the sponsorship funds. A similar lawsuit was also filed by NASCAR Cup Series team Bill Davis Racing, which had run WWE and WrestleMania 23 sponsorship as part of their sponsorship deal with 360 OTC.
Results
See also
Donald Trump's CNN bodyslam tweet
References
External links
The Official Website of WrestleMania 23
2007 in Michigan
Donald Trump in popular culture
Events in Detroit
WrestleMania
Professional wrestling in Detroit
2007 WWE pay-per-view events
April 2007 events in the United States
Professional wrestling in Michigan
no:WrestleMania#WrestleMania 23 |
4037358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly%20Wood | Molly Wood | Molly Kristin Wood (born ) is an American podcast host and journalist.
Early life and education
Molly Wood was born in Helena, Montana on May 23, 1975. She graduated in May 1997 with a BA in journalism with a minor in French from the University of Montana. During her senior year she served as the editor of the weekly student newspaper, the Montana Kaimin. Upon graduation, she took a job as a reporter at the Missoulian. In July 1997, she joined the Associated Press, handling a variety of both general news and sports stories in the Western United States.
Career
Molly was the tech correspondent and backup host for the US public radio program Marketplace and its various spinoffs. She also co-hosted the podcast Make Me Smart with Kai Ryssdal. She has previously held positions as an executive editor at CNET.com as well as a writer for the Associated Press, MacHome Journal magazine, O'Reilly Media, and the deputy technology editor for the Business Day section of The New York Times. Wood hosted the Gadgettes podcast with Kelly Morrison, and "The Buzz Report", a technology video news column that was published weekly. She has appeared in mainstream media shows such as Live! With Regis and Kelly, American Public Media's Marketplace, and CNBC's On the Money and was the co-host of the Buzz Out Loud podcast with Tom Merritt, then Brian Tong, which ended in early 2012.
Wood is well known for being the host of CNET tech show Always On, in addition to her podcast It's a Thing, an effort reuniting her with former BOL co-host Tom Merritt. She is also a guest commentator for American Public Media's programs Marketplace and the Marketplace Morning Report. On October 7, 2013, Wood announced she would leave CNET at the end of that month in order to pursue independent projects. She took part in several panels at CES 2014. In January 2014, Wood announced via her personal blog that she will be joining The New York Times.
In March 2015, just over a year after joining the Times, she announced that she was leaving to report and serve as a Silicon Valley correspondent, along with occasional hosting, for American Public Media's Marketplace, a set of public radio programs about business and the economy. Together with Marketplace host Kai Ryssdal, Wood began hosting the Marketplace podcast Make Me Smart with Kai and Molly on November 28, 2016. On September 5, 2017, Wood began hosting the weekday Marketplace Tech program in addition to her role as correspondent with Marketplace. Between 2019 and 2020, she was also a regular contributor to the Ideas section of WIRED.
On November 3, 2021, Molly announced on Twitter that she is leaving Marketplace to join Jason Calacanis's venture capital firm.
References
1975 births
American women podcasters
American podcasters
People from Helena, Montana
Living people
University of Montana alumni
21st-century American women |
4037368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They%20Still%20Call%20Me%20Bruce | They Still Call Me Bruce | They Still Call Me Bruce is a 1987 American action comedy film directed by James Orr and Johnny Yune and starring the latter. It is a sequel to the 1982 film They Call Me Bruce?
Plot
The film begins with Bruce in Houston on a search for the American G.I. who helped Bruce when he was just a child in Korea. With little more than a name and a fuzzy memory of his hero, Bruce is determined to find G.I. Ernie Brown to thank and repay him with an antique Korean vase. After following a few dead-end leads, Bruce meets the students of a local karate studio, who introduce him to their martial-arts master, Master McLean. Thinking Bruce to be a karate master, McLean convinces Bruce to run the studio in his place while he takes care of some business. Bruce, accepting the role, dons a black belt and with his own goofy yet clever tricks convinces the students of his skills. While teaching, Bruce develops a bond with a young orphan and student, Billy, and eventually takes up a fatherly role and begins to mentor him.
During his free time, Bruce continues his search for Ernie Brown, which leads him to the massage parlor of the crime boss Mr. B. Before he can even meet with him, Bruce steps up in defense of Polly, one of the girls on Mr. B's payroll. Thwarting Mr. B's goon from harassing her, Bruce and Polly make a quick exit, Bruce unfortunately leaving his antique vase behind. The goons, fearful of the wrath of their boss, decide to give the vase to Mr. B as a gift in hopes his fury will be diminished. Upon seeing the vase, Mr. B develops a strange look as he exclaims that he has not seen a vase like it since the Korean War.
Bruce plays a game of hide and seek as the goons try their best to track down Polly, all the while in the background being followed by a detective investigating Mr. B. Many near misses and humorous situations occur, as Bruce and Polly evade the goons and try to recover the vase, including a dancer challenging Bruce's skills in a club to Bruce's misunderstanding and misusing of a gesture that he gives to a motorcycle gang, and even a mad bull that gives Bruce a ride into town. The climax begins when Mr. B's goons finally locate and kidnap Polly and knock over young Billy, causing him to hit his head and go into a coma.
With his young friend in a coma, Bruce sets out to find and rescue Polly. Unfortunately, Bruce is discovered during his attempt and confronted by Mr. B. Upon hearing the goons' exaggerated claims of Bruce's skill, Mr. B makes Bruce a deal to pit Bruce against his champion fighter—the Executioner—with the agreement that if he wins, Polly and the vase will be returned. Bruce accepts the challenge and is soon in the ring, face to face with the massive and brutal Executioner. Of course, due to his lack of skill and the threat of Mr. B, Bruce is no match for the brutal fighter. At the last moment, though, Billy, having awakened from his coma and seeing Bruce fighting on television, wobbles to the ring and inspires his mentor to put on a sock and "Sock it to him". With this new determination, Bruce defeats the Executioner.
Mr. B, unhappy with Bruce's win, tries to go back on his deal, but is quickly surprised and arrested by the investigating detective.
Polly and Billy, joining Bruce in the ring, return his vase and congratulate Bruce on his victory. Much to their surprise, Bruce seems unhappy and he reveals the realization that Mr. B was his childhood hero Ernie Brown, but much to Bruce's surprise, the detective rushes into the ring, and calling Bruce by the name his hero gave him, announces he is actually the Ernie "Slim" Brown that Bruce had met as a child, but could not reveal this earlier due to being deep undercover. The reunion is sweet and swift; Bruce thanks him, gives him the vase, and the credits roll.
References
External links
1987 films
1980s action comedy films
Cultural depictions of Bruce Lee
Films set in Houston
Films shot in Houston
1980s parody films
Asian-American action films
Chinese-American films
Korean-American films
1987 comedy films
Films directed by James Orr (filmmaker) |
4037380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altretamine | Altretamine | Altretamine (trade name Hexalen), also called hexamethylmelamine, is an antineoplastic agent. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1990.
Uses
It is indicated for use as a single agent in the palliative treatment of patients with persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer following first-line therapy with cisplatin and/or alkylating agent-based combination.
It is not considered a first-line treatment, but it can be useful as salvage therapy. It also has the advantage of being less toxic than other drugs used for treating refractory ovarian cancer.
Mechanism
The precise mechanism by which altretamine exerts its anti-cancer effect is unknown but it is classified by MeSH as an alkylating antineoplastic agent.
This unique structure is believed to damage tumor cells through the production of the weakly alkylating species formaldehyde, a product of CYP450-mediated N-demethylation. Administered orally, altretamine is extensively metabolized on first pass, producing primarily mono- and didemethylated metabolites. Additional demethylation reactions occur in tumor cells, releasing formaldehyde in situ before the drug is excreted in the urine. The carbinolamine (methylol) intermediates of CYP450-mediated metabolism also can generate electrophilic iminium species that are capable of reacting covalently with DNA guanine and cytosine residues as well as protein. Iminium-mediated DNA cross-linking and DNA-protein interstrand cross-linking, mediated through both the iminium intermediate and formaldehyde, have been demonstrated, although the significance of DNA cross-linking on altretamine antitumor activity is uncertain.
Side effects
Side effects include nausea, vomiting, anemia and peripheral sensory neuropathy.
Interactions
Combination with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) decreases neurotoxicity but has been found to reduce the effectiveness of an altretamine/cisplatin regime. MAO inhibitor can cause severe orthostatic hypotension when combined with altretamine; and cimetidine can increase its elimination half-life and toxicity.
See also
Triethylenemelamine
References
DNA replication inhibitors
Orphan drugs
Triazines |
4037383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton%20West | Clayton West | Clayton West is a village in Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 2,648 (2001 census) and 2,704 in 2008. It is southeast of Huddersfield and northwest of Barnsley.
History
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. The Industrial Revolution had brought a migration of the population to the Dearne Valley where abundant water was available for manufacturers, so people lived away from the church. Both Clayton West and Scissett had grown so rapidly that there were people still alive in 1873 that could remember the expansion. Although the parish of Scissett had been created in 1839, yet Clayton West remained as a part of High Hoyland.
By 1865 eleven coal mines existed in the Dearne Valley. The Clayton West village coal mine (pit), "Park Mill", closed in 1989, having been somewhat bypassed by the events of the UK miners strike (1984–85). Park Mill Colliery operated for over 100 years.
There is evidence of 700 years of mining in the adjacent village of Emley. Records from the 13th century indicate that monks from Byland Abbey mined and smelted iron ore. They mined using bell pits. A pit was sunk to a depth of 7 meters and worked outward from the bottom of the shaft. Pits dating back to the 16th century can be seen off Woodhouse Lane. Evidence of bell pits is also clearly visible in the woodlands around Duke Wood, down the hill from Cliffe Woods, in Clayton West. Joseph Norton was the owner of a number of mines around the 1870s which he used to mine to produce coal to power his textile mills located at Cuttlehurst and in Scissett. One of these was a mine in Duke Wood. This shaft still acts as an emergency exit and air vent for the privately owned "Flacks" mine, the only mine still operating in the village.
The village once had a railway station on a branch line, opening 1 September 1879, branching off the Penistone Line. However the station along with Skelmanthorpe was closed in January 1983. The Kirklees Light Railway now runs and operates trains from the former station.
Clayton West was occasionally used as a location for Britain's longest running comedy series Last of the Summer Wine, in which one of the village's former pubs, "The Shoulder of Mutton" in Church Lane, features prominently. The village lost its post office in 2010.
All Saints Church, on Church Lane, dates back to 1875 and is still in use today. It belongs to the Diocese of Wakefield. All Saints cost £2,300 to construct between 1872 and 1875. Half of the cost was met by the parish, the other half by WB Beaumont of Bretton Hall (later to be Baron Allendale), the church's patron and benefactor. All Saints can be seen from many places around the village, the only building with a spire, which houses one bell. The roof slates of the church were last replaced in the early 1980s, following a slate appeal when raffle tickets were sold to raise funds for the roof replacement, the spire was also repainted and reclad at this time. In 2019 the roof is again in need of major restoration.
Historical Listings
Clayton West is listed as Clayton [West] in the Domesday book and has been translated as meaning settlement on clayey soil. The settlement had a land value attributed to the Lord of £1 in 1066. Plough land is also listed as being two, with other resources listed as woodland, one half times one half leagues. The Lord in 1066 is stated to be Alsi, son of Karski. The Lord in 1086, following the conquest, was listed as Ilbert de Lacy (1045–1093) and is attributed as the builder of Pontefract Castle, who is also noted as the Tenant-in-Chief in 1086. The de Lacy family took part in the Norman Conquest of Briton and there is evidence that Ilbert fought at William's side at Hastings.
Listed as Clayton, West, the village featured in "A Topographical Dictionary of England" which was published by Samuel Lewis, London, 1848. In 1848 the village had 1440 residents and was described as being 1080 acres belonging to various owners. Mining was listed as the predominant industry, along with the production of silk and worsted goods for clothing. The account states that many large mills had been constructed in the village for this purpose.
In 1848 the four places of worship were listed.
Listed as CLAYTON (West), in John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870–72). Clayton West is described as a township of the High Hoyland parish with hamlets of Cuttlehurst, Parkmill, Topitt and Spring-Grove. The village has a post office and comprises 1,098 acres, with real-estate worth £4, 371, £122 of which are in mines. The population is now listed as 1,532, with 325 houses. Woollen manufacture is again listed as a pre-dominant industry. Chapels are listed for independents (constructed in 1866) and Baptists.
Further information of the progressing village is delineated in Kelly's 1881 Directory of the West Riding of Yorkshire. It describes "Clayton West" as a township and large village. The manufacture of fancy woollens, as well as twine and flax spinning seems to be the prevalent industry of the village. The church of All Saints, constructed in 1875, is now listed along with Congregational, Baptist, New Connexion Methodist, Primitive Methodist and Wesleyan chapels. Kelly lists the charities for distribution as being £13 annually . Also mentioned is the un-denominational school (Kaye's First School) built by William and John Kaye esqs., which was erected in 1862, and in 1881 William Priestly was school master. Capt. Henry Savile is lord of the manor. The main landowners are listed as W. B. Beaumont esq., M.P. W. T. Spencer-Stanhope esq., J.P. John Kaye esq., J.P. and Thomas Norton esq. J.P. The area occupied by the village is now 1,140 acres with rateable value, £4,548. The population in 1871 was 1,531.
Textile Mills
One such mill, the Spring Grove Mill, still has buildings visible, just off the A636, opposite the Scissett swimming baths building. Locally is it still known as Beanlands Mill, named after the Beanland family who purchased the business in 1869 from Charles Walker for £8,500. The mill stopped operating as such in 1975, and the mill chimney has since been removed along with other buildings. Pictures of the Mill are available.
War Memorial
The village has an obelisk style war memorial, now situated at the junction of Church Lane with Holmfield Road. The memorial commemorates 37 people, 30 from the First World War, six from the Second World War and one from the Falklands War. The war memorial used to be located on the grass triangle at Hill Top.
Geography
Clayton West is located between the villages of High Hoyland, Scissett and Skelmanthorpe.
The river that runs through the village is called the River Dearne and was part of the 2007 United Kingdom floods.
Present day
It is in the parish of Clayton West and High Hoyland. An attractive stone-built village, there is also a little light industry and a number of new housing developments.
Facilities in the village include a village store and two pubs. It has a primary school and nursery called Kayes First and Nursery School, which was built in 1862, and was doubled in size in 1981. Kayes First and Nursery School consists of 202 children and 32 staff from Nursery to year 5 (2017 figures). The school is also part of a three tier schooling system with Scissett Middle School and Shelley College (formally Shelley High School).
It also has a Scout Group which offers access to a number of outdoor activities including archery, target shooting, kayaking and much more.
Flooding
In 2007 severe flooding of the river Dearne affected some 420 properties in Clayton West and Skelmanthorpe. Summer flooding has also occurred in the area in 2002, 2004, 2007 and 2008. The textile industry history of the area has resulted in modern-day conversions of old textile mill to become residential accommodation. The valley floor also has a high density of residential properties making these areas more prone to flooding.
Future development
Plans, dated December 2016, are available detailing proposed developments by the Clayton West Development Company Ltd (CWDCL), who are promoting the development of green belt land at the north eastern edge of Clayton West.
See also
Listed buildings in Denby Dale
References
External links
Clayton West Scouts
The Clayton West Branch Line website
Villages in West Yorkshire
Denby Dale |
4037385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional%20audio | Professional audio | Professional audio, abbreviated as pro audio, refers to both an activity and a category of high quality, studio-grade audio equipment. Typically it encompasses sound recording, sound reinforcement system setup and audio mixing, and studio music production by trained sound engineers, audio engineers, record producers, and audio technicians who work in live event support and recording using mixing consoles, recording equipment and sound reinforcement systems. Professional audio is differentiated from consumer- or home-oriented audio, which are typically geared toward listening in a non-commercial environment.
Professional audio can include, but is not limited to broadcast radio, audio mastering in a recording studio, television studio, and sound reinforcement such as a live concert, DJ performances, audio sampling, public address system set up, sound reinforcement in movie theatres, and design and setup of piped music in hotels and restaurants. Professional audio equipment is sold at professional audio stores and music stores.
Definition
The term professional audio has no precise definition, but it typically includes:
Operations carried out by trained audio engineers
The capturing of sound with one or more microphones
Balancing, mixing and adjusting sound signals from multitrack recording devices using a mixing console
The control of audio levels using standardised types of metering
Sound signals passing through lengthy signal chains involving processes at different times and places, involving a variety of skills
Compliance with organisational, national and international practices and standards established by such bodies as the International Telecommunication Union, Audio Engineering Society and European Broadcasting Union
Setting up or designing sound reinforcement systems or recording studios
Stores
A professional audio store is a retail establishment that sells, and in many cases rents, expensive, high-end sound recording equipment (microphones, audio mixers, digital audio recorders, speakers and surround sound speakers, monitor speakers) and sound reinforcement system gear (e.g., speaker enclosure cabinets, stage monitor speakers, power amplifiers, subwoofer cabinets) and accessories used in both settings, such as microphone stands. Some pro audio stores also sell video equipment, such as video projectors, as this equipment is commonly used in live audio settings (e.g., business presentations and conventions). Some pro audio stores also sell and/or rent DJ gear (record turntables, DJ mixers) and the stage lighting equipment used in rock concerts, dance clubs, raves and theater/musical theater shows.
See also
Audio Engineering Society
Institute of Professional Sound
Sound design
References
Audio engineering
Sound production
Sound technology
Broadcast engineering
Occupations in music |
4037389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scissett | Scissett | Scissett is a village in West Yorkshire, England. It is south-east of Huddersfield and north-west of Barnsley. According to the 2001 census, the village had a population of 1,324. Scissett is halfway between the villages of Clayton West, Skelmanthorpe and Denby Dale on the A636 road to Wakefield.
River Dearne runs through the village, which was affected by the 2007 United Kingdom floods.
Scissett grew up around the woollen industry in the 19th century as mill owners built houses in the area for their workers. The nearby coalfields also provided employment. These industries are now gone and some of the mills are now retail units.
The Scissett Baths (and leisure centre) is one of the main attractions for the surrounding area.
Scissett has first and middle schools to provide education for children ages 4 to 13.
Scissett Youth Band began life in the village in 1978 but moved to Shelley Methodist Hall in 1991.
Sport
Scissett is home to two sports clubs, Scissett Football Club and Nortonthorpe Cricket Club. Both play at Nortonthorpe sports club which was donated to the cricket club by the Norton family who owned the local mills at the time. When George Norton left the family home (Bagden Hall) to live in Nortonthorpe Hall he chose to outline a deed of trust, which specified that the seven and a half acres of land, which originally formed the cricket pitch, could only be used for the recreational purposes of the community. This is largely the reason behind the cricket club being called Nortonthorpe instead of Scissett.
Etymology
The etymology is doubtful, although some sources suggest it may be from Old English side "hillside, talus, slope" (related to Old Norse siða, of similar meaning), but nothing is confirmed. The first element is uncertain. However, another source claims a completely different etymology, that it was named after "Scissett Wood", itself named after a woman.
History
Sir Percy Richard Jackson, J.P., LL.D., died on 24 December 1941 at his home, The Woodlands, Scissett. He was a county councillor, from 1904 to 1937, and came to play an important role as chair of the West Yorkshire Local Education Authority (1917-1937). He was also a member of the consultative committee of the Board of Education, and of the Yorkshire Council for Further Education. Since 1918, he had been a member of the Court of Governors of Leeds University. He had been president of the Association of Education Committees and chairman of the education committee of the County Councils Association (for 6 years). Furthermore, as well as his role in Education, he played an important role in agriculture as the chairman of the Land Settlement Association. He was also chairman of the Yorkshire Council for Agricultural Education and a member of the Agricultural and Small Holdings Committee of the West Riding County Council. Moreover, he was a life member and vice-chairman of the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust. He was knighted in 1925.
Dr Colin Booth who was a mycologist and a leading authority on fusuria was born in Scissett, and educated at the village school.
See also
Listed buildings in Denby Dale
References
External links
Scissett Middle School website
Scissett Youth Band website
Scissett Football Club website
Scissett Baths & Fitness Centre website
News In A Nutshell
Villages in West Yorkshire
Denby Dale |
4037404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra%20Botkyrka | Norra Botkyrka | Norra Botkyrka (North Botkyrka) usually refers to the northern residential areas of Botkyrka Municipality near Stockholm in Sweden.
Norra Botkyrka was until the 1970s an agricultural community with only a few inhabitants consisting of a few large estates (Norsborg, Hallunda, Slagsta, Fittja and Alby) and a large protected area around the Lake Bornsjö which was and still is a reserve for the drinking water supply for the city of Stockholm. Within a few years during the 1970s, the municipalities of Stockholm and Botkyrka cooperated to build a "New Town" for more than 30,000 inhabitants.
The idea of a new town concept for Norra Botkyrka was influenced by new towns in the United Kingdom.
During archeological excavations prior to the building of the "New Town" there were found a number of rock carvings in the Slagsta area indicating that there was an agricultural population here already during the Bronze Age. During excavations conducted under the guidance of the Historic Museum of Stockholm there were found in the Hallunda area Bronze Age dwellings together with a number of bronze smelting hearths and ceramic remains from Central Europe showing that there must have been far reaching trading relations already this early.
Already from early historic times the trunkroad from Stockholm to the continent passed through Norra Botkyrka. There are now also four stations on the Stockholm Metro here: Norsborg, Hallunda, Alby and Fittja.
The area was made famous in the late 1990s through the local hip hop group called The Latin Kings who often refers to this area in their lyrics. It is also known as one of the most multi-cultural places in Sweden with a majority of the population being first or second generation immigrants. Most of these originate from the Middle East with other significant groups from for example Turkey, Chile, Finland, former Yugoslavia, China, Pakistan and the Horn of Africa. Thus in the 1970s, the municipality of Botkyrka elected the first foreign born mayor in Sweden.
Geography of Stockholm |
4037417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frei%20Betto | Frei Betto | Carlos Alberto Libânio Christo (born 1944), better known as Frei Betto is a Brazilian writer, political activist, philosopher, liberation theologian, and former Dominican friar.
Life
Frei Betto was born on 25 August 1944 in Belo Horizonte. At the age of 20, when he was a student of journalism, he entered the Dominican Order. He was later imprisoned for four years by the military dictatorship which ruled Brazil for smuggling people out of the country. His incarceration was part of an ongoing series of attacks by the government on activist members of the Roman Catholic Church.
In addition to work on eliminating hunger in Brazil, Frei Betto is involved in various aspects of Brazil's politics. He worked for the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, for whom he was considered a spiritual advisor and mentor.
As a liberation theologian, Frei Betto has been involved in various international efforts in order to support an understanding between Marxism and Christianity. During the 1980s, he visited Havana and held frequent and lengthy interviews with Fidel Castro, the result of such talks being a book, Fidel and Religion, where Castro exposed his views on Christianity, something that raised protest among conservatives but is also said to have improved relations between Castro's government and the Cuban Catholic Church.
During Mikhail Gorbachev's Perestroika, Frei Betto was also involved in various efforts aimed at an understanding between leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, such efforts being described in the form of a travelogue published by him in 1993 in Portuguese, Lost Paradise, which the author dedicates to a certain Theophilus ("God's friend"), apparently the same as the mysterious addressee of the Gospel of Luke, which should be understood as a symbol of all Christians.
Honors
Frei Betto was selected by UNESCO as the 2013 recipient of its International José Martí Prize. The reason given by Irina Bokova, its Director General, was "his exceptional contribution to building a universal culture of peace, social justice and human rights in Latin America and the Caribbean". The prize was awarded on 28 January in Havana, Cuba, at the Third International Conference on World Balance, being held to mark the 160th anniversary of José Martí's birth.
References
External links
1944 births
Living people
People from Belo Horizonte
Brazilian Dominicans
Liberation theologians
Brazilian Christian socialists
20th-century Brazilian Roman Catholic priests
Brazilian spiritual writers
Brazilian torture victims
21st-century Brazilian Roman Catholic priests
Catholic socialists
Christian socialist theologians
Catholicism and far-left politics |
4037434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Ault | Samuel Ault | Samuel Ault (1814 – August 28, 1895) was an Ontario political figure. He was a Liberal-Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada representing Stormont from 1867 to 1872.
He was born in Osnabruck Township, Upper Canada in 1814, the son of Nicholas Ault, a United Empire Loyalist of German descent, and Margaret Ross. Ault married Catherine Valentine Loucks. With his brothers, he operated a general store, Ault Brothers Ltd., in the village of Charlesville, later renamed Aultsville in his honour. He served on the municipal council, later becoming reeve and then warden for the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. Ault represented Stormont County in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1861 to 1866 and then in the House of Commons after Confederation. He was also a lieutenant in the local militia.
Aultsville was later submerged beneath the waters of the Saint Lawrence River when the Saint Lawrence Seaway was built.
References
1814 births
1895 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry |
4037442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahsa | Ahsa | Ahsa or AHSA may refer to:
Al-Ahsa Oasis, an oasis region in eastern Arabia
Al-Ahsa Governorate, a governorate in Saudi Arabia
African Heritage Studies Association, a splinter group of the African Studies Association
American Horror Story: Asylum, an American television miniseries
American Horse Shows Association
American Hunters and Shooters Association
, the Gothic letter a; see Gothic alphabet, Ansuz rune
w
See also
Al-Ahsa (disambiguation) |
4037444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producing%20Adults | Producing Adults | Producing Adults () (Children and Adults – How To Make Them?) is a 2004 Finnish comedy drama written by Pekko Pesonen and directed by Aleksi Salmenperä. It was Finland's official Academy Award submission for Best Foreign Language Film of 2004.
Plot
The film deals with the myriad complications arising from Venla's (Minna Haapkylä) desire to have a child. Her longtime boyfriend Antero (Kari-Pekka Toivonen) is reluctant, fearing that fatherhood will imperil his last chance to succeed in his speed skating career and by seeing his friend go through fatherhood. Antero does some extreme things to avoid getting Venla pregnant and she begins to be equally devious in her attempts to conceive. Venla seeks help from her bisexual co-worker at a fertility clinic and the relationship between the two begins to blossom amongst many setbacks.
Cast
Minna Haapkylä as Venla
Kari-Pekka Toivonen as Antero
Minttu Mustakallio as Satu
Tommi Eronen as Rönkkö
Pekka Strang as Miro
Dick Idman as Claes
Production
Producing Adults was shot on one camera in 40 days, on a budget of $1,200,000 euros.
Release
The film was released in Sweden as Hela vägen (All the Way) on 26 November 2004.
Home media
Producing Adults was released on DVD in North America by Wolfe Video on 19 July 2005. In Region 2, the DVD was released by Peccadillo Pictures on 12 April 2010.
Reception
Critical response
Variety described Producing Adults as "small but charming" and with a lesbian theme that "comes gradually and naturally into the story which never succumbs to the men-are-bad, women-are-fine cliche." AfterEllen said that "While we all adore a good coming out story ... sometimes it's nice to see a more realistic look at romance in all of its heartbreaking complexity." The Hollywood Reporter praised it as "an insightful, well-acted film."
Accolades
Minttu Mustakallio won "Best Supporting Actress" at the 2005 Jussi Awards (Finland's main film industry awards). Aleksi Salmenperä won the FIPRESCI Prize at the Stockholm Film Awards.
References
Further reading
(Wolfe Video DVD review)
External links
(Archive)
Lapsia ja aikuisia – Producing Adults at BBFC
Lapsia ja aikuisia – kuinka niitä tehdään? at BFI
Producing Adults (Lapsia ja aikuisia – kuinka niitä tehdään?) at Finnish Film Foundation (Archive)
Lapsia ja aikuisia – Kuinka niitä tehdään? at Lumiere
Lapsia ja aikuisia at Swedish Film Institute
2004 films
2004 comedy-drama films
Bisexuality-related films
LGBT-related comedy-drama films
Finnish comedy-drama films
Finnish films
2000s Finnish-language films
Finnish LGBT-related films
Lesbian-related films
2004 comedy films
2004 drama films
2004 LGBT-related films |
4037470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put%20%27Em%20Under%20Pressure | Put 'Em Under Pressure | "Put 'Em Under Pressure" was the official song to the Republic of Ireland national football team's 1990 FIFA World Cup campaign in Italy.
Produced by U2's Larry Mullen and exec produced by Billy McGrath, it featured an intro by Moya Brennan. The song was created by Larry Mullen Jnr, Denis Woods, John Donnelly. Engineered by John Grimes who was assisted by Colin O’Mahony. It also featured Davy Spillane on the Uilleann pipes. The Jack Charlton soundbites were taken from the feature-length film Que Sera Sera (directed by Billy McGrath and produced by Peter Brady) and used as a 'spoken-word' mash-up very effectively. .
The chorus was by performed by some U2 fans that were hanging about outside studio 3 on Windmill Lane in Dublin. There was an attempt to record the team but it was a disaster. Somebody had the great idea of using beer to loosen up the team's vocal cords.
Anthony "Anto" Drennan is credited with playing lead guitar on the single. He actually recorded it in a single take which is very unusual.
It is often assumed that the guitar intro was a straight sampling of "Dearg Doom" by Horslips. However, this is not the case; it is merely a copy of that song's guitar riff. The Horslips song "Dearg Doom", was itself based on the traditional Irish tune, O' Neill's March, (which appeared as Marcshlua Uí Néill on Sean O Riada's 1969 album "O'Riada sa Gaiety",) and which refers to Hugh O'Neill and his part in the Nine Years' War.
Thanks to this song the title became a catchphrase of then manager Jack Charlton, whose soundbites were sampled for the verse; the chorus was a combination of the familiar football chant "Olé Olé Olé" and a reworking of "Ally's Tartan Army" (which was itself set to the tune of "God Save Ireland"), the unofficial theme tune for Scotland in the 1978 FIFA World Cup, and for 13 weeks the song was at number one in the Irish Singles Chart helped by a pulsating video again directed by Billy McGrath featuring footage from Que Sera Sera and the team recording the song in Windmill Lane.
The song is regularly played in celebration at Irish homes matches. It was used as the opening theme for the compilation episode of BBC Switch series Chartjackers. In 2011, RTÉ One aired a quiz show titled Put 'Em Under Pressure, presented by Gráinne Seoige.
The phrase Put 'Em Under Pressure is to this day used in relation to the Ireland national football team.
References
Irish rock songs
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
Republic of Ireland national football team songs
Chartjackers
Republic of Ireland at the 1990 FIFA World Cup
Football songs and chants
London Records singles |
4037477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizard%20%28German%20band%29 | Wizard (German band) | Wizard is a German power metal band, formed in 1989 by the drummer Sören "Snoppi" van Heek. The band was often called "Germany's answer to Manowar". Most of the band's lyrics are about battles, metal, war and steel. There are some exceptions, for example "Odin", which is a concept album about Norse mythology, "Goochan" which is a fantasy story about a witch (written by Volker Leson and author William B. Nuke), "Thor" which is also about Norse mythology and "... Of Wariwulfs and Bluotvarwes" which is about vampires and werewolves (written by Wizard and Andre Wiesler, German author).
Wizard played at Wacken Open Air 2002, Bang Your Head!!! 2002, Keep It True 2004, Dokk'em Open Air 2006, Magic Circle Festival 2009 and is in the 2012 lineup of Hammerfest IV.
History
In 2003 longtime guitarist Michael Maass quit the band because of health problems. Dano Boland became a new guitarist for the band in early 2004. In 2006 the band left the label Limb Music after three albums and joined the somewhat larger label Massacre Records, with a new album in mind to be released on 27 January 2007, titled Goochan. On 18 May 2007, Michael Maass returned to the band after a four-year break.
Reviews
The band's 2009 album Thor received a positive review from The Pit reviewer Frank Heise, who praised "The Visitor" as the best track on it.
The band's 2011 album ...Of Wariwulfs and Bluotvarwes received a positive review from SLUG Magazine reviewer Dylan Chadwick noting that "well trodden, and admittedly formulaic, it's a resoundingly competent platter of steel-willed, fist pounding heavy metal that'll satisfy the most voracious headbanger's hunger."
Band members
Current members
Sven D'Anna – vocals (1989–present)
Sören van Heek (Snoppi) – drums (1989–present)
Michael Maass – guitars (1989–2003, 2007–present)
Arndt Ratering – bass (2013–present)
Tommy Hartung – guitars (2020–present)
Former members
Volker Leson – bass (1989–2013)
Sascha Visser – guitars (1989–1995)
Dano Boland – guitars (2004–2020)
Timeline
Discography
Demos
Legion of Doom (1991)
Studio albums
Son of Darkness (1995)
Battle of Metal (1997)
Bound by Metal (1999)
Head of the Deceiver (2001)
Odin (2003)
Magic Circle (2005)
Goochan (2007)
Thor (2009)
...Of Wariwulfs and Bluotvarwes (2011)
Trail of Death (2013)
Fallen Kings (2017)
Metal in My Head (2021)
Compilation albums
Louder Than the Dragon (2004)
References
Further reading
External links
German power metal musical groups
German heavy metal musical groups
Massacre Records artists
Former Limb Music artists |
4037488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Professional%20Sound | Institute of Professional Sound | The Institute of Professional Sound, previously the Institute of Broadcast Sound, is an organisation for audio professionals. The organisation provides opportunities for training and conferencing to assist in maintaining high standards in all areas of professional audio operations. The organisation is based in the UK.
The organisation was founded in 1977 by sound balancers in BBC Television and Radio and Independent TV, when its membership comprised audio practitioners working in all areas of broadcast audio including radio, location, and post-production sound. On 1 January 2012 the Institute of Professional Sound was adopted as the new name of the organisation, in order to attract a wider membership which is not exclusively from broadcasting.
History
The Institute of Professional Sound was established in 1977 as the Institute of Broadcast Sound, by individuals working in radio and television, who recognised a need for a coordinated means for the exchange of innovative ideas between practitioners in the field of broadcast audio. The organisation serves as a catalyst to promote collaborative initiatives between manufacturers of digital audio recording and editing equipment. Listed among the successes of the organisation is the File Exchange Initiative, from which the iXML specification was established, setting an open standard for the inclusion of location sound metadata in Broadcast Wave audio files.
Projects
Mentoring
The Institute of Professional Sound offers mentoring and career enhancement opportunities for entry-level employees, college graduates, and seasoned professionals. The mentoring program is designed to coordinate members who desire to assist their colleagues progress and succeed in their career with individuals seeking the advice and support of more experienced practitioners in the industry.
Training
The organisation provides training forums and conferences for its members which introduce members to emerging technologies, along with seminars on microphone placement and other operational issues.
Ofcom radio frequency spectrum
The Institute contributes to the ongoing discussions with Ofcom, regarding the changes to the management and use of the radio frequency spectrum, where it represents several hundred members who are independent users of radio microphone and associated equipment.
Email conferencing
Started in June 1995 with just 10 participants, the IPS's Internet email conference IBSNET has over 500 participants (as of 2012). Members include individuals from the UK, Germany, Austria, United States, Malaysia, Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. The conference provides opportunities for comment and feedback regarding professional standards, working conditions, visa requirements, and radio microphone frequencies in other countries, in addition to putting location recordists in contact with one another and with the dubbing mixers, who may ultimately use their work.
References
Audio engineering
Sound production
1977 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1977 |
4037496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa%20Ko%C3%A7 | Mustafa Koç | Mustafa Koç may refer to:
Mustafa Koç (volleyball), Turkish volleyball player
Mustafa Vehbi Koç, a member of the Koç family, a Turkish family of business people |
4037505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Teixeira%20%28linguist%29 | Manuel Teixeira (linguist) | Manuel Teixeira (April 15, 1912 - September 15, 2003) was a diocesan priest of the Diocese of Macao, an historian, and the leading expert in the Kristang language. He is the author of A Grammar of Kristang published in the 1950s.
He lived most of his life in Macau, having arrived there in 1924 to begin studies for the priesthood, returning to Portugal in 2001.
References
Linguists
20th-century Jesuits |
4037508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Marsden | Roy Marsden | Roy Marsden (born Roy Anthony Mould; 25 June 1941) is an English actor who portrayed Adam Dalgliesh in the Anglia Television dramatisations of P. D. James's detective novels, and Neil Burnside in the spy drama The Sandbaggers.
Education
Marsden attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and spent four terms there. He attempted to unionise the students but was thwarted. After one argument he poured a bottle of ink down the front of the director's suit. Marsden recalled, "Two weeks later, he phoned me up and asked if I'd got a job or an agent. I said no, so he arranged for me to start work at a theatre in Nottingham, and who should be the student assistant manager there but Anthony Hopkins. I persuaded him to go to RADA."
Stage
In the early 1960s, Marsden worked with the Royal Shakespeare Company and began to accumulate an extensive list of theatrical credits that include everything from Anton Chekhov and Henrik Ibsen to contemporary Soviet playwright Alexander Vampilov. His preference was for the alternative experimental theatres of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Cambridge and Birmingham over London's commercial theatre.
His appearances include Crispen in The Friends, 1970; Casca and Lucilius in Julius Caesar, 1972; Paul Schippel in Schippel, 1974; Heinrich Krey in The Plumber's Progress, 1975. He also played Long John Silver in Treasure Island at London's Mermaid Theatre around Christmas for two years and Henry Higgins in Pygmalion at the Albery Theatre. In 2008, Marsden appeared in two productions, Murder on Air and Happy Jack at the Theatre Royal, Windsor.
Television
His prominent television roles include George Osborne in a 1967 adaptation of Vanity Fair and the title role of Arthur Chipping in 1984's Goodbye Mr. Chips. Marsden has also appeared as a guest in The New Avengers, Space: 1999, Only Fools and Horses ("Little Problems"), Foyle's War and Tales of the Unexpected.
Marsden starred in Yorkshire Television's 1978–1980 Cold War espionage series The Sandbaggers. He played Neil Burnside, the dour and fiercely protective Director of Operations in the Secret Intelligence Service, whose character spent as much time infighting with his superiors in Whitehall and his own department as he did battling the KGB. The show ran for three series and 20 episodes.
In 1982, Yorkshire Television cast him in Airline, a series in which he played Jack Ruskin, a scrappy Second World War pilot trying to start his own post-war airline against establishment opposition. It also starred his wife, Polly Hemingway, who was pregnant with their first child during most of the filming. In an interview, Marsden said "It was one of the most enjoyable programmes I ever made. Learning to fly those old DC-3s was terrific. And I enjoyed playing Ruskin enormously because he had hope. Of course, he was a pain up the tushie most of the time, but then you'd see that youthful desire to actually get out and triumph against enormous odds. I identified with that character the most."
Marsden's portrayal of Adam Dalgliesh in Anglia TV's P.D. James series spanned fifteen years. The series began as adaptations played out in serials of five or six one-hour episodes each, which were, unusually for the time, recorded on outside broadcast videotape as opposed to film:
Death of an Expert Witness (1983);
Shroud for a Nightingale (1984);
Cover Her Face (1985);
The Black Tower (1985);
A Taste for Death (1988);
Devices and Desires (1991).
After producer John Rosenberg died in early 1991 (during the transmission run of Devices and Desires), the format of the adaptations changed. Initially, Anglia followed the trend made popular by the Inspector Morse series, condensing the next two adaptations into two-hour filmed TV films.
Unnatural Causes (1993);
A Mind to Murder (1995).
The final two adaptations were filmed in three one-hour episodes:
Original Sin (1997);
A Certain Justice (1998).
The Dalgliesh role was taken by Martin Shaw when the BBC took over the rights to James's novels and produced its own series.
In 1993, Marsden appeared in The Last Vampyre, a feature-length episode of Sherlock Holmes.
In 2006 he played Ted Cartwright, a veterinarian, in "Bad Blood", episode 2 of the fourth season of Foyle's War.
Marsden presented a nine-part crime documentary series Roy Marsden's Casebook for ITV West in 2007. He also appeared in a 2007 episode of Doctor Who as Mr Stoker, a medical consultant.
In 2008, he appeared in ITV series The Palace as King Richard's private secretary, Sir Iain Ratalick.
Marsden reprised his Only Fools and Horses role in 2009 as one of the Driscoll brothers in the spin-off series, The Green Green Grass. He also appeared in the television film Margaret (2009) as Norman Tebbit.
In 2010 Marsden appeared in an episode of New Tricks, and in 2011 in an episode of Silent Witness.
He played Commander Haydock in the 2016 adaptation of Agatha Christie's N or M?, a three-episode part of the BBC's Partners in Crime serial.
Film
His film credits include Toomorrow (1970), a small part as a Gestapo officer in The Eagle Has Landed (1976), The Squeeze (1977), and Oberon in Dungeons & Dragons: Wrath of the Dragon God (2005).
References
External links
1941 births
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
English male film actors
English male television actors
People from Stepney
Living people
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors |
4037516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2020%20%28American%20series%29 | Now That's What I Call Music! 20 (American series) | Now That's What I Call Music! 20 is the 20th edition of the (U.S.) Now! series. It was released on November 1, 2005. It debuted at number-one on the Billboard 200 and is the eighth number-one album in the series. The albums has been certified 2× Platinum.
Track listing
Reception
Andy Kellman in his review for AllMusic recognizes that a lot of top artists contribute to Now! 20 but those artists "deliver songs that are either tepid retreads or safe compounds of past hits", but it's the songs by the newer artists of the time "that keeps the compilation from being disposable", pointing out tracks by the Pussycat Dolls, Fall Out Boy, and Rihanna as standouts from this volume.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2005 compilation albums
020
Universal Music Group compilation albums |
4037518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20Arthur%20Russell | Lord Arthur Russell | Lord Arthur John Edward Russell (13 June 1825 – 4 April 1892) was a British Liberal Party politician.
He was born in London on 13 June 1825. He was the second of three sons of Major-General Lord George William Russell and Elizabeth Anne Rawdon, daughter of the Hon. John Theophilus Rawdon, himself second son of the 1st Earl of Moira. His elder brother was Francis, later 9th Duke of Bedford and his younger brother was Odo, later 1st Baron Ampthill.
He was educated in Germany. From 1849 to 1854 he was private Secretary to his uncle, the Liberal Prime Minister Lord John Russell. Between 1857 and 1885, he sat as Member of Parliament (MP) for Tavistock. He only spoke rarely in the Commons, once in reply to an attack on his brother, Odo.
On 25 September 1865, Russell married Laura de Peyronnet, daughter of Paul Louis Jules, Vicomte de Peyronnet. Together they had six children, Harold Russell, Flora Russell, the diplomat Sir Claud Russell, Caroline Russell, Major Gilbert Russell and Conrad Russell.
He was raised to the rank of a Duke's son on 25 June 1872 and was then known as Lord Arthur Russell.
He was a great clubman and belonged to Brooks's, the Athenaeum, the Cosmopolitan, Grillion's, THE CLUB, and the Metaphysical Society. He was involved in the Senate of the University of London, serving on this body from 1875 until before his death.
Russell died on 4 April 1892, at 2 Audley Square, London and was buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. There is a memorial to him in the 'Bedford Chapel' at St. Michael's Church, Chenies.
The ideological gulf between Britain and the new German Empire was stressed by Lord Russell in 1872:
Prussia now represents all that is most antagonistic to the liberal and democratic ideas of the age; military despotism, the rule of the sword, contempt for sentimental talk, indifference to human suffering, imprisonment of independent opinion, transfer by force of unwilling populations to a hateful yoke, disregard of European opinion, total want of greatness and generosity, etc., etc."
References
External links
1825 births
1892 deaths
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
A
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
UK MPs 1868–1874
UK MPs 1874–1880
UK MPs 1880–1885
Younger sons of dukes
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Tavistock |
4037530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suna%20K%C4%B1ra%C3%A7 | Suna Kıraç | Suna Kıraç (born Suna Koç; June 3, 1941 – September 15, 2020) was a Turkish businesswoman and a billionaire.
Early years
Suna Koç was born to Vehbi Koç (1901–1996), the wealthiest businessman of Turkey, and his wife Sadberk (1908–1973) on June 3, 1941. She became the vice president of Koç Holding. She married İnan Kıraç, then a high-level executive of Koç Holding. As they were unable to have a biological child, they adopted a four-month old baby girl named İpek in their 15th year of marriage.
Museum
Suna Kıraç and her husband established a foundation for culture and education. The foundation opened the Pera Museum in 2005, which exhibits three valuable art collections of the Kıraç family.
Awards
Suna Kıraç was awarded the State Medal of Distinguished Service by the Turkish Council of Ministers for her contributions to education, health and social services in the country on September 23, 1997. She received the award from President Süleyman Demirel on October 27, 1997.
In 2008, she was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the Boğaziçi University for her contribution to education.
Autobiography
In 1998, she published an autobiography, in which she wrote about her life, her marriage, how she adopted her daughter İpek, her professional years, her illness and her dreams.
Ömrümden Uzun İdeallerim Var!, 1998 ("I Have Ideals Longer Than My Life!").
Illness and death
She experienced the first symptoms of her illness shortly after her father's death and her involvement in the family business. In 1996, she suffered aphonia. The next year, her hands began to fall asleep, and one year later, she began to lisp. She was diagnosed in the Houston Methodist Hospital with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a specific disease that causes the death of neurons which control voluntary muscles.
Kıraç was paralyzed throughout her entire body in 2000. She could not make any movements, walk, or talk, and she communicated only through eye movement. When she wanted to express a will, she winked for the right letter on a Turkish alphabet show card.
Kıraç died on 15 September 2020 in Istanbul at the age of 79. She was interred at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery following a memorial ceremony before the headquarters of Koç Holding and the religious funeral service held at Tatbikat Mosque of the Faculty of Theology of Marmara University.
See also
Koç family
List of Turkish billionaires by net worth
References
1941 births
2020 deaths
Koç family
People from Ankara
Alumni of Arnavutköy American High School for Girls
Boğaziçi University alumni
Turkish women in business
Turkish businesspeople
Turkish billionaires
Museum founders
Neurological disease deaths in Turkey
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Female billionaires |
4037542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93scar%20Acosta | Óscar Acosta | Óscar Acosta Zeledón (14 April 1933 – 15 July 2014) was a Honduran writer, poet, critic, politician and diplomat.
He was born in the Las Delicias neighborhood of Tegucigalpa, Honduras, on 14 April 1933.
Acosta began his career as a journalist in Peru for Tegucigalpa Magazine. He founded la Editorial Nuevo Continente, las revistas Extra, Presente, la Editorial Iberoamericana, and Honduras Literaria y Extra.
He was director of the University Press of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras.
Acosta died in Tegucigalpa at the age of 81 on 15 July 2014.
Bibliography
Responso poético al cuerpo presente de José Trinidad Reyes (1955)
El arca (1956)
Poesía menor (1957)
Tiempo detenido (1962)
Mi país (1971)
Poesía. Selección 1952–1965 (1965)
Poesía. Selección 1952–1971 (1976)
Rafael Heliodoro Valle. Vida y obra (1964)
Awards
1960: Premio Rubén Darío
1979: Premio Nacional de Literatura Ramón Sosa
Literary works
He also compiled poems from other authors in works such as Antología de la nueva poesía hondureña (1967) y Poesía hondureña de hoy (1971). In his studies he emphasizes Rafael Heliodoro Valle, vida y obra (1964). His poetry is profound and serene, with an intimate tone.
It is pertinent to mention the book "Poesía", a selection of poems that the Poet Óscar Acosta created between the years 1952-1971 in Spain, Madrid, was published in 1976 by the publishing house "Ediciones Cultura Hispánica". This selection of exclusive and intimate poetry by the author contains 111 poems, separated into the following classifications:
Poesía menor, a book that was published in the year 1957. In the essay "Anticipación el geranio" by Dr. Hector M. Leyva, which was published in the text "Lucidez Creativa", addresses the idea that short poems contain an affirmative action, in the sense that it can reclaim those things that may be despised, or negatively discriminated against. Short poetry, of the most basic, and modest. Modest poetry that alludes to bombast, in low key. Poetry spoken softly but not simply. If in the slightest it refers to the conscience, of the barely perceptible accidents of the world, then that poetry can be one of the most important.
In the case of the woman that is loved in Óscar Acosta's collection of poetry, the primary motive of his song in Formas del amor (1959), Escritura amorosa (1962) and Poemas para una muchacha (1963), the poet is convinced that he received the woman as a gift from heaven and that there may be no feeling as important as love.
References
1933 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Honduran poets
20th-century male writers
Honduran male poets
Honduran diplomats
People from Tegucigalpa
Honduran Roman Catholics |
4037557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan%20Lake%20%28Bourne%29 | Swan Lake (Bourne) | Matthew Bourne's Swan Lake is a contemporary ballet based on the Russian romantic work Swan Lake, from which it takes the music by Tchaikovsky and the broad outline of the plot. Bourne's rendering is best known for having the traditionally female parts of the swans danced by men.
It was the longest-running ballet in London's West End and on Broadway. First staged at Sadler's Wells theatre in London in 1995, it has been performed in the UK, Los Angeles, Europe, Russia, Australia, South Korea, Japan, Israel, and Singapore.
Synopsis
This synopsis is derived from programme notes and the synopsis provided on the DVD. The plot of the ballet revolves around a young crown prince, his distant mother, and his desire for freedom, represented by a swan.
Act I
In the prologue, the Prince, as a child, is awakened by a nightmare of a swan. The Prince's mother comes in to comfort him, but becoming nervous by the situation's intimacy, leaves.
Scene 1 opens with the Prince being prepared for a day of official duties by chambermaids and valets.
In Scene 2, arrayed in his full dress uniform, the Prince becomes bored by a boat christening, a ribbon cutting, and other official tasks. His mother prods him to keep up appearances, even as she devotes more attention to the soldiers than she does to him. During this scene, there is a transition from the child actor playing the young Prince to the identically-dressed adult dancer who portrays the grown Prince. This now-adult Prince is introduced to a girl called "the Girlfriend". Although the girl seems foisted on him by von Rothbart, the Private Secretary, the Prince prefers her to his duty-bound life.
In Scene 3, the Queen, one of her admiring soldiers, the Private Secretary, the Prince, and the Girlfriend all appear in a theatre box, where they watch a ballet that is staged for the actual audience as well as for the characters. The ballet's backdrop (from a design for Castle Falkenstein by Christian Jank), ornate costumes, and acting parody the romantic ballets of which the original Swan Lake was an example. The Girlfriend's responses to the dance as well as her eventual dropping her purse from the royal box annoy the Queen and von Rothbart.
Scene 4 finds the Prince drinking in his private chambers in front of a mirror, to his mother's shock. A nearly violent pas de deux ensues in which he pleads for her attention and love, while she rebukes him.
The Prince then goes into the streets and into the Swank Bar, a 1970s-style disco, in Scenes Five and Six. Here is where the choreography veers from classical ballet, with jazz forms and modern dance dominating. The Prince gets into a fight with sailors at the bar, and he is thrown out into the street. In Scene Seven, he sees the Girlfriend being paid off by von Rothbart, and he is totally shattered to discover that the only person who appeared to love him is a fake. This increases his desperation and he vows to kill himself.
While sitting in the street at the end of Scene Seven the Prince imagines a group of swans flying towards him but the vision disappears. It is the first flash of the Prince's descent into mental turmoil.
Act II
Distraught and disappointed that he will never find affection, the Prince writes a suicide note and goes to throw himself into a lake at a public park inhabited by swans. He is saved by a vision in which he encounters the lead Swan, who had appeared to him in his dreams. Initially rejected by the lead Swan, the Prince is gradually accepted and taken into the Swan's arms. The Prince is elated and abandons his plan to kill himself. This Act contains the most talked-about element of the ballet in which bare-chested, barefoot male dancers play the swans, and it contains a very sensual pas de deux between the lead Swan and the Prince.
Act III
Scene 1 begins with princesses from various European nations and their escorts arriving at the palace gates for a grand ball. The Girlfriend sneaks in amongst them.
Scene 2 takes place in a ballroom. It commences with the arrival of the Queen and the Prince and some formal dancing, but quickly degenerates into a debauched party of drinking and lascivious come-ons. Into this arrives the charismatic and sexually aggressive son of von Rothbart, the Private Secretary, in black leather trousers, who intensifies the sexual tension even further by flirting with every woman present, including the Queen. Each woman finds herself drawn to him and actively participates in the mutual, sometimes lewd, flirtation.
Just as in the original Swan Lake, where customarily (although not always) one ballerina performs the roles of both the white swan (Odette) and the black swan (Odile), the same ballet dancer performs the white Swan and the black-clad young von Rothbart in this version. The Prince sees something of his beloved Swan in the son, and he is very attracted to his bravado and animal magnetism but shocked by his lewdness, especially towards his mother. During bump and grind group numbers and a sequence of national dances, it becomes clear that the Queen is powerfully attracted to von Rothbart's son. His father, the Private Secretary, looks on with an increasingly triumphant approval. The Prince also tries to approach young von Rothbart, only to be rebuffed. The Prince retreats into his mind and imagines dancing intimately with him, but the Prince's confusion interrupts the fantasy, and the son's movements turn from love to violence.
The Prince imagines the Queen and young von Rothbart flaunting their growing physical affection for each other. They join with the other guests at the ball to laugh and ridicule him because of his growing distress. The Queen and young von Rothbart end their dancing with an embrace and passionate kissing. The Prince, in his fury, violently separates them and is rewarded by outrage from both and a slap from his mother. Overwhelmed by conflicted feelings, the Prince produces a pistol and threatens to shoot his mother. In an ensuing scuffle the Girlfriend tries to dissuade the Prince, while the Private Secretary draws a pistol and points it at the Prince. As shots ring out, the Girlfriend and the Prince fall to the ground, but only the Girlfriend has been hit. She lies unconscious and the Prince is dragged away, while the Queen throws herself into young von Rothbart's arms. He gives the pistol he had taken from the Prince to his father, the two of them laughing.
The plot has evolved over the 15 years since the debut. The most conspicuous change Bourne made was to remove the subplot of the von Rothbart conspiracy to put his son on the throne. The Private Secretary now becomes just a functionary (no longer a von Rothbart counterpart, nor villain) and the Stranger is no longer shown conspiring with him. The identity of the Stranger becomes even more vague and Bourne prefers to leave him and his relationship with the Prince up to the individual interpretation of the viewer.
Act IV
In the final act, the Prince, regarded as having lost his mind, is confined to an asylum in a room with a high barred window, and is treated by a doctor and a team of nurses wearing masks that resemble the Queen's face, in a scene reminiscent of his dressing at the beginning of the ballet. The Queen visits but, again, she is still unable to fully express love for her son.
The Prince crawls into bed and appears to sleep. However, he begins writhing as he dreams of the troupe of swans emerging from under and behind, dancing around him. He wakes from his nightmare, checking under his bed and around his room for swans. His tortured expression and jerky movements convey the Prince in turmoil. His lead Swan then slowly emerges from within the Prince's bed. The Swan dances with the Prince and assures him of his continued affection. But, the rest of the swans turn on the lead Swan when he makes it clear that he values his relationship with the Prince more than he does them. They separate the two and begin attacking the Prince before the Swan leaps in to save him. The Swan embraces the Prince and envelops him in his wings. The swans' fury increases and their next attack dismembers the Swan, who then disappears. Heartbroken and despondent, the Prince wails and collapses onto the bed. The Queen then finds her dead son's body and breaks down in sobs. However, in death the Prince and the Swan are reunited, as shown by a tableau depicting the lead Swan tenderly holding the young Prince in his arms.
Imagery and innovation
The original Swan Lake was based on the story of Ondine, a German myth with a theme common in Romanticism that was adapted by Hans Christian Andersen for his story The Little Mermaid. Ondine was a beautiful and immortal water nymph. The only threat to her eternal happiness was if she fell in love with a mortal and bore his child, as she would then lose her immortality. Ondine duly fell in love with a dashing knight, Sir Lawrence, and they were married, the knight pledging unfailing love and faithfulness to her with his every waking breath. A year after their wedding Ondine bore Lawrence a son. From that moment she began to age. As Ondine's beauty faded, Lawrence lost interest in her.
One afternoon Ondine was walking near some stables when she heard the familiar snoring of her husband. When she entered the stable, she saw Sir Lawrence lying in the arms of another woman. Kicking her husband awake, she cursed him such that he would have breath so long as he remained awake, but if he ever fell asleep his breath would be taken from him and he would die.
According to Alastair Macaulay (formerly chief dance critic of The New York Times, The Times Literary Supplement and chief theatre critic of the Financial Times), the Ondine myth is said to be an image of psycho-sexual distress: the nymph is a forlorn image of repressed virginity, anxious that she will never achieve womanly fulfillment, while her feminine nemesis that leads her husband astray represents the confident seductive power that threatens her hopes. The story is double-edged: the human protagonist, in loving the nymph, transgresses against his own kind and may be punished. If, having betrayed her once, he returns to her, her kiss will bring him death; in fact, it may be this love-in-death that the man desires most.
Bourne's Swan Lake radically reinterprets the myth. The focus of the ballet is turned away from the Ondine character to the man – the Prince. It is the Prince who struggles against repression and hopes for liberty, and who needs love to make him safe. In addition, it is not the mortal who is unfaithful to the nymph. Rather, it is the Swan who (in Act Two) expresses love for the Prince, betrays him in the form of the Stranger (Act Three), and finally returns to him (Act Four). However, as in the Ondine myth, the sin of betrayal cannot be expiated except in death.
Politics
Much has been made of Bourne's decision to cast men as the swans. The original ballet is a standard in the European tradition of romanticized female–male love. The heroine, the swan princess Odette, is portrayed as powerless but lovely in accordance with conventional gender roles, and her hero is portrayed as a hunter who alone has the power to save her. Having a man in the role of lead Swan suggests that the Prince's struggle has repressed gay love at its core, and changes the realm of the plot from magical to psychological. The fierce, bird-like choreography given to the swan corps re-interprets the archetype of the swan as a pretty, feminine bird of gentle grace. According to Bourne, "The idea of a male swan makes complete sense to me. The strength, the beauty, the enormous wingspan of these creatures suggests to the musculature of a male dancer more readily than a ballerina in her white tutu."
However, the same central themes carry through both works. Both are about doomed, forbidden love, and both feature a Prince who wishes to transcend the boundaries of everyday convention through that love. Both themes have strong ties to the life of Tchaikovsky, the ballet's composer, whose homosexuality caused a number of complications in his life.
The score
In order to accommodate his revised scenario, Bourne somewhat altered Tchaikovsky's score, reordering several numbers and omitting others. For example, No. 5 has been moved in its entirety from Act One to Act Three, where it follows the (reordered) national dances. Act Three has been trimmed by leaving out most of No. 19 and all of the following pas de deux.
Original cast (incomplete)
The show premiered at Sadler's Wells on 9 November 1995:
Andrew Walkinshaw / Sid Mitchell as The Young Prince
Adam Cooper / David Hughes as The Swan/The Stranger
Scott Ambler / Ben Wright as The Prince
Emily Piercy / Vicky Evans as The Prince's Girlfriend
Fiona Chadwick / Isabel Mortimer as The Queen
Renato Cinquegranna as Swan/Stranger
Pauline Dulauroy as The Italian Princess
Barry Atkinson as The Private Secretary
Will Kemp as Pop Idol/Italian Escort/Big Swan
Andrew Corbett
Saranne Curtin
2012 3D film
In 2012, a new cast of dancers (including Richard Winsor, Dominic North, Nina Goldman, Madelaine Brennan, Steve Kirkham, Joseph Vaughan) was filmed at Sadlers Wells in 3D. It was then shown in various cinemas with a nationwide release and it was premiered in Soho, London. Then later released on DVD.
Awards
Matthew Bourne's Swan Lake has collected over 30 international awards, including:
1996 – Best New Dance Production, Laurence Olivier Awards
1996, 1997 – Time Out Dance Award
1997 – Best Choreography, Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards
1999 – Astaire Awards for Excellence in Dance on Broadway
1999 – Best Director of a Musical, Best Choreography and Best Costume Design, Tony Awards
In popular culture
The final scene of the film Billy Elliot (2000) shows the lead character, Billy, played by Adam Cooper, as an adult about to perform in this production as the lead Swan.
See also
Matthew Bourne's The Car Man
Undine, an 1811 novella by Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué featuring the Ondine myth.
Notes
References
Citations
Works cited
.
Lavender Magazine (3–16 February 2006).
Playbill from Matthew Bourne's Swan Lake at the State Theatre, Minneapolis.
Programme from Matthew Bourne's Swan Lake at Sadler's Wells, London, 13 December 2006 – 21 January 2007.
External links
Swan Lake
1995 ballet premieres
Swan Lake
LGBT theatre
LGBT dance |
4037562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hei%C3%B0arv%C3%ADga%20saga | Heiðarvíga saga | Heiðarvíga saga () or The Story of the Heath-Slayings is one of the Icelanders' sagas. It is badly preserved; 12 leaves of the only surviving manuscript were destroyed along with their only copy in the fire of Copenhagen in 1728. The content of the destroyed portion is only known through a summary written from memory by Icelandic scholar Jón Grunnvíkingur (1705–1779). This is the only form in which the saga's contents survive today. The saga has been taken by some scholars as possibly among the oldest Icelanders' sagas.
The saga tells of the descendants of Egil Skallagrímsson and the long-standing disputes and conflicts which culminated in the Battle of the Heath-Slayings (Heiðarvíga).
References
Related reading
Jesse Byock (1993) Feud in the Icelandic Saga (University of California Press)
Vidar Hreinsson (1997) The complete sagas of Icelanders, including 49 tales (Leifur Eiríksson Pub)
External links
Bjarnar saga hítdælakappa Full text and English translation at the Icelandic Saga Database
Heiðarvíga Saga The saga with standardized Modern Icelandic spelling
Two Borgfirðinga sögur: the oldest or the youngest Íslendingasögur? Alison Finlay, University of London
Proverbs and proverbial materials in Heiðarvíga saga
Sagas of Icelanders |
4037567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Faine | Jeff Faine | Jeffrey Kalei Faine (born April 6, 1981) is a former American football center. He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns 21st overall in the 2003 NFL Draft. He played college football at Notre Dame.
Faine, a Pro Bowl alternate in 2007, has also played for the New Orleans Saints, Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Cincinnati Bengals.
Early years
Faine is a 1999 graduate of Seminole High School in Sanford, Florida.
Professional career
Faine was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the first round of the 2003 NFL Draft. On April 29, 2006, the Cleveland Browns traded Faine and a second round pick (43rd overall) during the 2006 NFL Draft to the New Orleans Saints and received a second round pick (34th overall). Faine was a Pro Bowl alternate for the 2007 Pro Bowl behind center Olin Kreutz. On February 29, 2008, Faine signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was released by Tampa Bay on March 14, 2012. Faine was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals on August 29, 2012. He was released by the Bengals on December 6.
References
External links
Notre Dame Fighting Irish bio
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio
1981 births
Living people
Players of American football from Florida
Players of American football from Oregon
Sportspeople from Milwaukie, Oregon
Sportspeople from Sanford, Florida
Seminole High School (Seminole County, Florida) alumni
American football centers
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
Cleveland Browns players
New Orleans Saints players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Cincinnati Bengals players |
4037580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemaman%20District | Kemaman District | Kemaman is a district in Terengganu, Malaysia. Kemaman District is bordered by Dungun District to the north and the state of Pahang to the south and west. It is the southern gateway to the state of Terengganu.
The district administrative seat and the main economic centre of Kemaman is the town of Chukai, near the Terengganu-Pahang state border. Other important towns in this district are Kijal, Kerteh, and Kemasik. The district is administered by the Municipal Council. With a total area of almost 1000 square miles, it is the third largest district after Hulu Terengganu and Dungun bordering the South China Sea.
Administrative divisions
Kemaman District is divided into 12 mukims, which are:
Bandi
Banggul
Binjai
Chukai (Capital)
Hulu Chukai
Hulu Jabur
Kemasik
Kerteh
Kijal
Pasir Semut
Tebak
Teluk Kalong
Demography
Based on the 2000 Population and Housing Census, the population of Kemaman totals 137,070 (15.6% of the Terengganu population). In the 2010 census, there were 167,824 residents in Kemaman Municipal Council administrative area. Malays were the majority ethnic group with a total of 157,778, while 6937 were Chinese, 743 were Indian, and 264 were from other ethnic groups. Censuses until the 1940s showed that this district as the third highest populated area after Kuala Terengganu and Besut. The population distribution changed after the discovery of oil in the 1970s, placing this district second after Kuala Terengganu.
Geography
The geographical features of this district can be divided into three main areas which include coastal area, inland area and the foothill area (located only a few kilometres from the beach). The coastal area is a flat lowland with the majority of the people focus on fishing activities. This area stretches about 38 kilometres from Kuala Kemaman to Kerteh. More than half of Kemaman's population is concentrated in this area. The inland area of the district is a region of highlands with hilly features. This area is rich with tin ore, oil palm plantation and timber. So, the concentration of population here is related to local economic activities. The foothill area is the second highest populated area. The area is located between the coastal and the inland areas. The main occupation of the residents in this area is farming.
History
According to early history, Kemaman was started to be known since the second century BC by the name of Kole. This is based on the map of Malay Land Peninsula which has been drawn by Ptolemy (a Greek astronomer and geographer, born in Egypt in the second century BC) noting that there were two ports in the East Coast, Perimula and Kole. Historians agreed that Perimula was the Terengganu River Estuary (present-day Kuala Terengganu) and Kole was Kemaman.
In spite of that, the history of the opening of this district is still vague as there is no written account and valid evidence about it. Anyway, local historian agreed that the district has begun to be explored about 300 years ago by Che Wan Teh and his followers. Che Wan Teh was from a noble Pahang family who migrated to this district from Kuala Pahang following a disorder and chaos situation in Kuala Pahang. He then set up a settlement in the coastal area and the first village found was Bukit Mengkuang Before the Malays came, the district (this particular area) was occupied by the Sakais who then moved to the inland area.
After sometimes in Bukit Mengkuang, Che Wan Teh moved to a new settlement area adjacent to Kemaman River estuary known as Tanjung Geliga. This new settlement was also unsecured as it was often disturbed by pirates and robbers threat. As a result, Che Wan Teh and his followers moved to another new area on the bank of Kemaman River (about 3 kilometers from Tanjung Geliga). This place was later known as Chukai. This event is strongly proved by existence of an old cemetery in the area. It was said that Che Wan Teh died shortly after opening Kampung Chukai. His followers and generations after him continuously explored new areas following the rise in population and the need for new agricultural areas.
Other than verbal explanation, there was another version which referred to some written accounts relating the opening of Kemaman District with a Pattani aristocrat known as Lebai Saras. Anyway, this version recorded the 19th century early event when Terengganu was under the rule of Sultan Ahmad Shah 1 (1808 – 1830) and indirectly coincides with the opening of Kemaman District by Che Wan Teh.
Economy
Kemaman's economy is primarily based on the petroleum, oil, and steel industries. Petronas' discovery of oil in offshore Terengganu in the 1980s has attracted immigration to Kemaman from rural areas as well as other parts of the country. Terengganu Petroleum Refineries in Kijal are the first refineries owned by Petronas. Kemaman Port also has a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) export terminal managed by Petronas, the national oil corporation. The presence of petroleum and oil industry here also causing this district well developed as well. Traditional industries include fishing, anchovies and salted fish manufacturing which was pioneered by the Chinese. One well known local fishing merchant was Soh Huat Keh who was among the successful pioneers of the salted fish manufacturing industry there. These seafood produces are exported throughout Malaysia and Singapore.
The presence of natural gas has also been the spur for the development of the iron and steel industry in Kemaman. A large steel making company, Perwaja, established direct-reduced iron/electric arc furnace (DRI/EAF) facilities, with its own import/export facilities on the East Wharf.
Tourism
Among the beaches that can be found in this district are Kemasik Beach, Teluk Mak Nik, Telaga Simpul Beach, Cagar Hutan Beach, and Ma'Daerah Beach. Kemaman's beaches used to be nesting grounds for endangered green turtle and painted terrapins. However, due to local desire for turtle eggs, these sea creatures were declared extinct in the area since year 2004. Among serious efforts to get turtles back to nest on the nearby beaches is the setting up of a turtle sanctuary in Ma'Daerah Beach, called Ma'Daerah Turtle Sanctuary, which provides an undisturbed beach for nesting turtles and protection for eggs. This turtle conservation centre is operated under the joint auspices of Department of Fisheries, BP, and WWF Malaysia.
The first zoo in east coast region of Peninsular Malaysia, Bukit Takal Recreational Park and Mini Zoo, is also located in Kemaman. It was opened on 11 April 2009. Occupying a 54 ha site in Kampung Ibok about 14 km from Chukai, it is a combination of fruit orchard, water theme park, herbal park, and zoo. Among the main attractions of this zoo is riding the train around the zoo, walking on the hanging bridge, riding on the elephants, watching different bird species, and experiencing the natural lights of the largest firefly habitat in Terengganu.
Kemaman is famous for food-based tourism. Keropok lekor can be easily found along the road to Kuala Kemaman. All kinds of local delicacies, such as satar, nekbat, lemang and otak-otak, are sold here and are different from those found in Kuala Terengganu and unique to Kemaman. These traditional foods are also commercially made and packaged in Kijal, Kemasik, and Chukai. Kuih is available at Kemaman Street Market at Jalan Sulaimani and Evening Market at Jalan Air Putih near the Chukai interchange from the East Coast Expressway. Along the roads leading to Kemasek, you can find a variety of stalls selling Kemaman-style lemang.
Kemaman is also popular for the famous Hainanese kopi tiam, Hai Peng Coffee Shop, at the Jalan Sulaimani crossroad. The shop is the original location of the business franchise Kemaman Kopitiam that can be found throughout the country. Halal food has been served in the premises since years ago as the Chinese owners have blended well with the Malay community for such a long time.
Federal Parliament and State Assembly seats
List of Kemaman district representatives in the Federal Parliament (Dewan Rakyat)
List of Kemaman district representatives in the State Legislative Assembly of Terengganu
Shopping
Popular shopping locations in Kemaman include the central area in Jalan Sulaimani and Jalan Da' Omar with the landmark being Kemaman Centre Point. In addition, branded and designer shops can be found at the Mesra Mall, located in Kemasik.
Notable people from Kemaman
Maria Hertogh, grew up in Kampung Banggol, Chukai.
Rafizi Ramli, Politician, grew up in Kemaman
See also
Districts of Malaysia
References
Districts of Terengganu |
4037583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence%20Dworet | Laurence Dworet | Laurence Dworet, M.D. (usually just credited as Laurence Dworet) is an American screenwriter.
In 1990, he and his writing partner Robert Roy Pool sold their spec screenplay The Ultimatum for $500,000 against $1,000,000 if a film was made. It was the story of terrorists who plant an atomic bomb in an American city and threaten nuclear devastation unless their demands are met. Steven Spielberg described it as one of the three most exciting scripts he had ever read and was going to direct it, but the script became bogged-down in endless rewrites.
Using his medical background, Dworet and Pool wrote the screenplay for Outbreak which they sold to producer Arnold Kopelson for $250,000 as he wanted a rival virus picture to Fox's Crisis in the Hot Zone. Kopelson then paid Ted Tally $500,000 to rewrite the script.
An interview with Dworet can be found in William Froug's book The New Screenwriter Looks at the New Screenwriter.
References
External links
American male screenwriters
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4037590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedd | Cedd | Cedd (; 620 – 26 October 664) was an Anglo-Saxon monk and bishop from the Kingdom of Northumbria. He was an evangelist of the Middle Angles and East Saxons in England and a significant participant in the Synod of Whitby, a meeting which resolved important differences within the Church in England. He is venerated in the Catholic Church, Anglicanism, and the Orthodox Church.
Background
The little that is known about Cedd comes to us mainly from the writing of Bede in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The following account is based entirely on Book 3 of Bede's History.
Cedd was born in the kingdom of Northumbria and brought up on the island of Lindisfarne by Aidan of the Irish Church. He had three brothers: Chad of Mercia (transcribed into Bede's Latin text as Ceadda), Cynibil and Cælin). All four were priests and both Cedd and Chad became bishops. Despite being of apparent Northumbrian birth, the names of all four brothers are British Celtic in origin, rather than Anglo-Saxon. The first datable reference to Cedd by Bede makes clear that he was a priest by the year 653. This probably pushes his birth date back to the early 620s. It is likely that Cedd was oldest of the brothers and was acknowledged the head of the family. He seems to have taken the lead, while Chad was his chosen successor.
Aidan had come to Northumbria from Iona, bringing with him a set of practices that are known as the Celtic Rite. As well as superficial differences over the Computus (calculation of the date of Easter), and the cut of the tonsure, these involved a pattern of Church organization fundamentally different from the diocesan structure that was evolving on the continent of Europe. Activity was based in monasteries, which supported peripatetic missionary bishops. There was a strong emphasis on personal asceticism, on Biblical exegesis, and on eschatology. Aidan was well known for his personal austerity and disregard for the trappings of wealth and power. Bede several times stresses that Cedd and Chad absorbed his example and traditions. Bede tells us that Chad and many other Northumbrians went to study with the Irish after the death of Aidan (651).
Cedd is not mentioned as one of the wandering scholars. He is portrayed by Bede as very close to Aidan's successor, Finan. So it is highly likely that he owed his entire formation as a priest and scholar to Aidan and to Lindisfarne.
Mission to Mercia
In 653, Cedd was sent by Oswiu of Northumberland with three other priests to evangelise the Middle Angles, who were one of the core ethnic groups of Mercia, based on the mid-Trent Valley. Peada of Mercia, son of Penda, was sub-king of the Middle Angles. Peada had agreed to become a Christian in return for the hand of Oswiu's daughter, Alchflaed (c.635-c.714) in marriage. This was a time of growing Northumbrian power, as Oswiu reunited and consolidated the Northumbrian kingdom after its earlier (641/2) defeat by Penda. Peada travelled to Northumbria to negotiate his marriage and baptism.
Cedd, together with the priests, Adda, Betti and Diuma, accompanied Peada back to Middle Anglia, where they won numerous converts of all classes. Bede relates that the pagan Penda did not obstruct preaching even among his subjects in Mercia proper, and portrays him as generally sympathetic to Christianity at this point – a very different view from the general estimate of Penda as a devoted pagan. But, the mission apparently made little headway in the wider Mercian polity. Bede credits Cedd's brother Chad with the effective evangelization of Mercia more than a decade later. To make progress among the general population, Christianity appeared to need positive royal backing, including grants of land for monasteries, rather than a benign attitude from leaders.
Bishop of the East Saxons
Cedd was soon recalled from the mission to Mercia by Oswiu, who sent him on a mission with one other priest to the East Saxon kingdom. The priests had been requested by Sigeberht the Good to reconvert his people.
The East Saxon kingdom was originally converted by missionaries from Canterbury, where Augustine of Canterbury had established a Roman mission in 597. The first bishop of the Roman Rite was Mellitus, who arrived in Essex in 604. After a decade, he was driven out of the area. The religious destiny of the kingdom was constantly in the balance, with the royal family itself divided among Christians, pagans, and some wanting to tolerate both.
Bede tells us that Sigeberht's decision to be baptized and to reconvert his kingdom was at the initiative of Oswiu. Sigeberht travelled to Northumbria to accept baptism from Bishop Finan of Lindisfarne. Cedd went to the East Saxons partly as an emissary of the Northumbrian monarchy. Certainly his prospects were helped by the continuing military and political success of Northumbria, especially the final defeat of Penda in 655. Practically, Northumbria gained hegemony among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
After making some conversions, Cedd returned to Lindisfarne to report to Finan. In recognition of his success, Finan ordained him bishop, calling in two other Irish bishops to assist at the rite. Cedd was appointed bishop of the East Saxons. As a result, he is generally listed among the bishops of London, a part of the East Saxon kingdom. Bede, however, generally uses ethnic descriptions for episcopal responsibilities when dealing with the generation of Cedd and Chad.
Bede's record makes clear that Cedd demanded personal commitment and that he was unafraid to confront the powerful. He excommunicated a thegn who was in an unlawful marriage and forbade Christians to accept the man's hospitality. According to Bede, when Sigeberht continued to visit the man's home, Cedd went to the house to denounce the king, foretelling that he would die in that house. Bede asserts that the King's subsequent murder (660) was his penance for defying Cedd's injunction.
After the death of Sigeberht, there were signs that Cedd had a more precarious position. The new king, Swithhelm of Essex, who had assassinated Sigeberht, was a pagan. He had long been a client of Æthelwold of East Anglia, who was increasingly dependent on Wulfhere of Mercia, the Christian king of a newly resurgent Mercia. After some persuasion from Ethelwald, Swithelm accepted baptism from Cedd. The bishop traveled into East Anglia to baptize the king at Ethelwald's home. For a time, the East Saxon kingdom remained Christian.
Bede presents Cedd's work as decisive in the conversion of the East Saxons, although it was preceded by other missionaries, and eventually followed by a revival of paganism. Despite the substantial work, the future suggested that all could be undone.
Monastic foundations
Cedd founded many churches. He also founded monasteries at Tilaburg (probably East Tilbury, but possibly West Tilbury) and Ithancester (almost certainly Bradwell-on-Sea).
Cedd was appointed as abbot of the monastery of Lastingham in his native Northumbria at the request of the sub-king Œthelwald of Deira. Bede records the foundation of this monastery in some detail, showing that Ethelwald was put in contact with Cedd through Caelin, one of the bishop's brothers, who was on the king's staff. Cedd undertook a 40-day fast to purify the site, although urgent royal business took him away after 30 days, and Cynibil took over the fast for him.
Cedd occupied the position of abbot of Lastingham to the end of his life, while maintaining his position as missionary bishop and diplomat. He often traveled far from the monastery in fulfillment of these other duties. His brother Chad, who succeeded him as abbot, did the same. Cedd and his brothers regarded Lastingham as a monastic base, providing intellectual and spiritual support, and a place of retreat. Cedd delegated daily care of Lastingham to other priests, and it is likely that Chad operated similarly.
Final years
Cedd had been brought up in the Celtic Rite, which differed from the Roman Rite in the dating of the religious calendar and other practices, including the tonsure of monks. Supporters of each rite met at a council within the Northumbrian kingdom known as the Synod of Whitby. The proceedings of the council were hampered by the participants' mutual incomprehension of each other's languages, which probably included Old Irish, Old English, Frankish and Old Welsh, as well as Latin. Bede recounted that Cedd interpreted for both sides. Cedd's facility with the languages, together with his status as a trusted royal emissary, likely made him a key figure in the negotiations. His skills were seen as an eschatological sign of the presence of the Holy Spirit, in contrast to the Biblical account of the Tower of Babel. When the council ended, Cedd returned to Essex.
According to Bede, Cedd accepted the Roman dating of the observance of Easter. He returned to his work as bishop, abandoning the practices of the Irish of Dál Riata.
A short time later, he returned to Northumbria and the monastery at Lastingham. He fell ill with the plague and died on 26 October 664. Bede records that immediately after Cedd's death a party of thirty monks travelled up from Essex to Lastingham to do homage. All but one small boy died there, also of the plague. Cedd was initially buried at Lastingham in a grave. Later, when a stone church was built, his body was moved and re-interred in a shrine inside the church of the monastery. Chad succeeded his brother as abbot at Lastingham.
King Swithhelm of Essex died at about the same time as Cedd. He was succeeded by the joint kings Sighere and Sæbbi. Some people reverted to paganism, which Bede said was due to the effects of the plague. Mercia under King Wulfhere was the dominant force south of the Humber, so it fell to Wulfhere to take prompt action. He dispatched Bishop Jaruman to take over Cedd's work among the East Saxons. Jaruman, working (according to Bede) with great discretion, toured Essex, negotiated with local magnates, and soon restored Christianity.
Commemorations
Cedd is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 26 October, the anniversary of his death. St Cedd's Day is also known as Essex Day.
The Diocese of Chelmsford celebrated 1954, the 13th centenary of Cedd's mission to Essex, as St Cedd's Year. In that year, Chelmsford Cathedral, already dedicated to St Mary the Virgin was additionally dedicated to St Cedd and St Peter (To whom Cedd's chapel at Bradwell is dedicated. while events in his honour included a rally at West Ham United's Boleyn Ground.
The site of an ancient tree in Polstead, Suffolk, known as the Gospel Oak, is one of a number of sites where Cedd is traditionally supposed to have preached. The original tree collapsed in 1953, but its remains can still be seen among its successor trees, and a church service is held there on the first Sunday of every August.
Citations
References
Wikisource: Bede's History, Book 3 Easily searched for references to Cedd.
Fordham Medieval Sourcebook: Bede's History, Book 3 Alternative translation.
Historiam Ecclesiasticam Gentis Anglorum, Liber Tertius Latin Library version of original Latin text.
HISTORIAM ECCLESIASTICAM GENTIS ANGLORUM LIBRI III, IV Internet Archive download of Latin text of Books 3 and 4 in PDF, TXT and other formats.
Powicke, F. Maurice and E. B. Fryde Handbook of British Chronology 2nd. ed. London:Royal Historical Society 1961
Background Reading
Bassett, Steven, Ed. The Origins of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. Leicester University Press, 1989. . Studies on state formation that provide important political background to the conversion.
Fletcher, Richard. The Conversion of Europe: From Paganism to Christianity 371-1386. . HarperCollins, 1997. . Places the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons in the widest possible context, and places Cedd's family incidentally but tellingly within the author's overall interpretation.
Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. 1991. Pennsylvania State University Press. . Cedd and Chad are strongly featured in this widely recommended narrative account of the conversion, much revised since its first publication in 1972, and giving a clear picture of the political and cultural context.
Cave, Diana . St Cedd: Seventh-century Celtic saint. The first biography of this priest. PublishNation, London 2015.
External links
620s births
664 deaths
Northumbrian saints
Bishops of London
7th-century English bishops
People from Essex
Christian missionaries in the United Kingdom
7th-century Christian saints
7th-century deaths from plague (disease)
East Anglian saints
Mercian saints
Year of birth uncertain
Burials at Lastingham Priory
Anglican saints |
4037606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Harris%20%28punter%29 | Nick Harris (punter) | Nicholas John Harris (born July 23, 1978) is a former American football punter. He played college football at the University of California, Berkeley, where he set the NCAA record for career punting yardage and earned All-American honors. The Denver Broncos chose him in the fourth round of the 2001 NFL Draft, and he has played professionally for the Cincinnati Bengals, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Carolina Panthers of the NFL.
Early life and education
Harris was born in Avondale, Arizona. He attended Westview High School in Avondale, where he played for the Westview Knights high school football team. He earned National Coaches' Association All-America honors as a senior with 42.3-yard punting average. He Also earned prep all-state honors as a linebacker and saw action on offense as a receiver and a rusher. He was also an All-state prep soccer player as well.
Harris attended the University of California, where he played for the California Golden Bears football team from 1997 to 2000. He averaged 42.3 yards per punt, and his 13,621 total yards was an NCAA record. His 322 career punts is also an NCAA record. As a junior in 1999, he had a 44.7 yard average. As a senior in 2000, he was recognized as consensus first-team All-American.
Harris graduated with a bachelor's degree in American studies and later with a master's degree in education.
Professional career
Denver Broncos
Harris was drafted in the 4th round by the Denver Broncos, where he was later waived.
Cincinnati Bengals
In 2001, the Bengals signed him off of waivers. He was released during the 2003 season.
Detroit Lions
The Lions signed Harris October 14, 2003 as a replacement for the injured John Jett and he established himself as the Lions punter for the remainder of the season. In 2005, he was named the Special Teams MVP by The Detroit Lions Quarterback Club, the official booster club of the Lions. On September 3, 2011, Harris was released by the Detroit Lions in favor for Ryan Donahue.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On October 11, 2011, he signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars. On April 28, 2012, the Jacksonville Jaguars released Harris.
Carolina Panthers
Harris signed with the Carolina Panthers on May 7, 2012. He was released on August 27, 2012.
Second stint with the Detroit Lions
Harris was signed by the Detroit Lions, for a second time, on September 25, 2012. The signing came after Ben Graham was placed on the season-ending injured reserve list.
Life after football
Following his football career, Nick Harris earned a Masters of Divinity degree in Christian Theology. In 2015, he began a teaching career at Berean Christian High School in Walnut Creek, California, serving as a Church History and Hermeneutics teacher. In 2019, Harris was hired as the school's principal.
References
1978 births
Living people
People from Avondale, Arizona
Sportspeople from the Phoenix metropolitan area
Players of American football from Arizona
American football punters
California Golden Bears football players
All-American college football players
Denver Broncos players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Detroit Lions players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Carolina Panthers players |
4037627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20John%20Currie | Mark John Currie | Captain Mark John Currie RN (later Vice-Admiral) played a significant role in the exploration of Australia and the foundation of the Swan River Colony, later named Western Australia.
He explored areas in New South Wales, after which he returned to a post in England. In 1829 he married and left three weeks later for Australia on the 443-ton with his wife and servants, arriving at the coast of what was to become the Swan River settlement on 31 May 1829. Chief among the other passengers were Lieutenant Governor Captain James Stirling, Colonial Secretary Peter Brown, Surveyor-General Lieutenant John Septimus Roe, botanist James Drummond and their families.
The diaries and paintings by his wife, Jane Eliza Currie, provide a glimpse into the hard life of the first settlers. Her painting Panorama of the Swan River Settlement shows Fremantle in 1831. From it one can begin to appreciate the magnitude of the challenge faced by the colonists.
Family background
Mark John was born on 21 June 1795, the second of eight children of Mark Currie, Esq. of Upper Gatton, Surrey, and Elizabeth (née Close) and he was educated at Charterhouse School. A portrait by Romney of his mother, entitled Mrs Mark Currie 1789, is in the Tate Gallery, London. His younger brother, Frederick was created 1st Baronet in 1847 for his services to the Government of India in negotiating the treaties of Lahore and Bhyrowal. The family descended from the ancient Scots Corrie family of Annandale and the Western Isles, through Cuthbert Currie, a cadet living in Duns in the 16th century. It is not related to the Clan Currie created in the 18th century from a sept of the ancient Scots MacMhuirrich Clan.
Mark John married Jane Eliza née Wood on 14 January 1829. They had six children. The first two, Jane Eliza (17 January 1830) and Mark Riddell (17 August 1831) were born in the Swan River Colony. Charlotte (1833), Henrietta Blackwood (1834), Albert Purcell (12 September 1837) and Algernon (1840) were born in England.
Career
Early days
He entered the Royal Navy as a Volunteer, First-Class, at age 12 on 29 April 1808, and was posted to under Captain Blackwood (later Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood). There he met James Stirling and the two became close and lifelong friends.
He was promoted to Lieutenant on 23 September 1813 and served on (1814/15), (1816/17), (1818), (1820), (1821) and (1821/22). He was promoted to Commander on 9 July 1823.
In 1822 and 1823, as commander of , he carried out surveys of channels and port entries on the coast of New South Wales and in 1822 commented critically on the penal colony at Newcastle, reporting "King Lash is master here". He was probably not referring directly to the Commandant of the colony, James Thomas Morisset, but to the number and harshness of the punishments he saw at the time of his visit.
Starting in May 1823, Currie, together with Brigade Major John Ovens and experienced bushman Joseph Wild explored the country east and south-west of Lake George in New South Wales. After crossing several rivers and the Goulburn plains they arrived at the east bank of the lake, at about north of the southern end. They struck south-south-east and then west across the Limestone Plains through an area ideal for settlement (now Canberra) to an area which Currie named Isabella's Plain after Isabella Brisbane, the infant daughter of the Governor, Sir Thomas Brisbane. Today this is a suburb in the Tuggeranong district of Canberra. They came to the Murrumbidgee River and followed it in a southerly direction, crossing the Umaralla River thinking it to be the Murrumbidgee. There they came to fertile plains which they named Brisbane Downs. Today the aboriginal name Monaro has been restored to the region. It is likely that the fertility of these areas of New South Wales led him to underestimate the problems that would later be faced in the Swan River Settlement.
When he was a midshipman he must have given a good account of himself because, when in 1827 Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood became Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, he appointed Currie as his Secretary. The Nore was a naval station at the mouth of the River Thames and for several hundred years one of the most important commands for the defence of the United Kingdom.
The Swan River Settlement
During most of the second half of 1828 Stirling was in London, vigorously promoting his dream of leading a settlement at the Swan River. Initial Government reaction was unfavourable, but his persistence and enthusiasm paid off and by November the scheme had support from Sir George Murray, Secretary for War and the Colonies, and had gained an unstoppable momentum. By this time the team of administrators had been decided and on 31 December 1828, Under Secretary Robert W Hay formally appointed Currie as Harbour Master for the new settlement, on no salary. Currie promptly married and on Sunday, 8 February 1829, he and his wife and their servants were on their way on board the .
During the voyage Stirling started to make arrangements for the administration of the settlement. He formed "A Board of Counsel and Audit in the management of the property of the Crown and of public property within the Settlement" and on 16 May the Colonial Secretary, Peter Brown issued an instruction appointing Currie, Roe and the Registrar, William Stirling, to act as Commissioners of the Board. The document ended: "The duties of this office created by the appointment will be fully made known to you hereafter by the Instructions and References which you will occasionally receive. In the meantime I am to acquaint you that his Excellency expects from your zeal the performance of the service required of you without reward of remuneration beyond the satisfaction you will derive from the fulfilment of a duty of this confidential nature."
On 31 May the passengers had their first sight of the western coast of Australia and that night the Parmelia anchored off the west coast of Garden Island. The following day the plan was to anchor in Cockburn Sound, between Garden Island and the mainland, but a heavy swell prevented this and instead they anchored off Rottnest Island. On 2 June they made another attempt but, in Stirling's words "The Parmelia under my over-confident pilotage took the ground". The next day Captain Charles Fremantle, who had been sent ahead in to claim the colony for King George IV, and the combined efforts of the crews of both ships "extricated her from her perilous situation after she had received much damage". The need to repair the damage made it necessary for the livestock and the passengers and their property to be unloaded and landed on Garden Island. Jane Currie's diary records "July 8, 1829 - Left the Parmelia. Dined at the Governor's. Slept under His Majesty's canvas, within our own walls". She lists their "stock, brought from the Cape and landed on Garden Island - Cow & calf, 4 Merinos, Sow, Goat & kid, 4 Ducks, 4 Drakes, 2 Cocks and 3 Hens - 3 couple Pigeons, 2½ couple Rabbits, 3 couple Guinea fowl." The families remained on Garden Island for the first few months while the menfolk explored the mainland. Soon after arrival Currie, on the Governor's pony, was declared the winner of the colony's first unofficial horse race, held on the shore of Garden Island.
Currie made three expeditions south of the Swan during 1829. In July he led an exploration south of Fremantle. He was accompanied by botanist James Drummond, Dr Simmons and Lieut. George Griffin. From the coast at the present day town of Rockingham they moved inland and climbed a small hill, now named Baldivis. From the summit of this hill they could see a course of water, that Currie later referred to as the Serpentine. This name first appeared on a map published by the Royal Geographical Society in 1832. At one time this river was mistaken for the Murray River.
The first task of the administrators was to find a site for the principal town. A location on the Swan River was selected and on 12 August Helen Dance, wife of Captain William Dance of , ceremoniously cut a tree to mark the foundation of Perth. Currie was present at the ceremony and later the same day took up his duties, at a salary of 100 pounds, as the first Harbour Master of Fremantle, responsible for pilotage and services at the port. A tent was erected "for the despatch of business" on the site chosen for the town. This was to provide offices for the Colonial Secretary, the Surveyor General, the Harbour Master, the Civil Engineer and the Commissioners of the Board of Counsel and Audit. However, later that year, Currie decided it would be more convenient to make his office as Harbour Master and Postmaster on board the wreck of the Marquis of Anglesea, which had been swept ashore in a gale on 23 August 1829. The wreck is visible in Jane Currie's Panorama of the Swan River Settlement.
Currie became the Swan River Colony's first Auditor, appointed 1 July 1831, at a salary of 300 pounds "because his ability, intelligence and Integrity render him far more valuable to the public in that capacity than as Harbour Master". He was made responsible to the Colonial Office through the Governor.
On 6 February 1832, empowered by Parliament through the Order-in-Council officially constituting the colony, a legislative council was formed, comprising the governor, the Senior Military Officer, the Colonial Secretary, the Surveyor-General and the Advocate-General. On his own initiative Stirling added Currie to the list as clerk to the council, as he "could not find within the colony a person better calculated than the gentleman who now fills it".
This was high praise, but wasted, because later that year Currie wrote to Peter Brown requesting that the Governor grant him leave of absence "to proceed thither" to England because of "urgent private affairs". This was granted on 26 June and on 12 August, the third anniversary of the Foundation of Perth, Currie and his family left the colony on Sulphur, not to return. However, two of his servants, Frederick and Mildred (Kitty) Ludlow, remained. In 1834 Ludlow kept a diary of a journey from Augusta to Perth and is credited with the discovery of the Capel River.
Land development
Currie was allotted a grant of land south-west of the present centre of Perth, alongside a wide point in the Swan River known then as Eliza Bay and Point Currie. The Curries left Garden Island on 2 November to set up their tent on their allotment.
After Currie left the colony he sold this grant to Henry Sutherland, the Assistant Surveyor, who later changed the name to Crawley Bay after his mother's maiden name.
Later still it became Matilda Bay, to honour Matilda Roe, the wife of the Surveyor General.
In 1910 the site was acquired by the state and today is the campus of the University of Western Australia.
Point Currie, also known as Pelican Point and J H Abraham's Reserve, is today the home of the Royal Perth Yacht Club, the Mounts Bay Sailing Club and the 1st Pelican Point Sea Scouts.
A later settlement was alongside the Swan, north of east of the centre of Perth. Here, early in 1831, he built a brick homestead, near the present day Water Street, which he named Redcliff, after the steep red clay banks of the river. Today the area is part of the suburb Redcliffe. A further grant was located about north-west of Beverley at the junction of the Avon River and Dale River, adjoining a grant made to Stirling. Currie's and Stirling's grants were combined in 1849 to form the Avondale Estate, which was acquired by the state in 1910 and is now the site of the Avondale Agricultural Research Station.
Jane Brook, a suburb of the town of Swan about north-east of Perth, takes its name from the brook, a tributary of the Swan River. Stirling named this Jane Brook, in Jane Currie's honour.
Later career
He was promoted to Post Captain in 1841.
In January 1854, Rear Admiral Sir James Stirling was appointed Commander-in-Chief China and the East Indies Station and immediately wrote to the Admiralty applying for Currie to be his secretary. They arrived in Hong Kong on 11 May and the Admiral's flag was transferred to . Two weeks later news was received from England that war had been declared on Russia and the next day the Winchester led a small squadron northwards along the Chinese coast to make a show of strength and 'to prevent Russian ships of war and their prizes from making use of (Japanese) ports'. Stirling's letters and Currie's diaries record the patient and tactful negotiations with the Governor of Nagasaki to achieve this aim and the events leading up to Stirling signing the first Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty.
He received two further promotions, to Rear Admiral on the Reserved List in 1862 and to Vice-Admiral in 1867.
Vice-Admiral Mark John Currie died on 2 May 1874, in Thicket Road, Anerley, Crystal Palace, Surrey. Jane Eliza Currie survived him by two years. In the 1871 British Census she is recorded at 193 Clifton Villas, Beckenham, Kent, on a visit to her daughter Jane Eliza Macrae, who married Robert Campbell Macrae in 1854 and had eight children, the eldest of whom, Mark, later lived at Cranbrook Road, Rose Bay, New South Wales.
Footnotes
Explorers of Australia
Royal Navy vice admirals
Settlers of Western Australia
1795 births
1874 deaths
People educated at Charterhouse School
Fremantle Harbour harbourmasters |
4037628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naide%20Gomes | Naide Gomes | Enezaide do Rosário da Vera Cruz Gomes OIH (born 20 November 1979) is a former Portuguese heptathlete and long jumper. She also competed in 100 metres hurdles at the 2000 Summer Olympics. At club level, she represented Sporting CP.
Biography
Naide Gomes started competing under the flag of her birth country São Tomé and Príncipe and represented it at the Sydney 2000 Olympics, though she has lived in Portugal since she was 11 years old. At the Sydney Olympics, Gomes was the São-Tomé flag carrier in the opening ceremony. Before changing nationality she set the current São Tomé and Príncipe records in 100 metres hurdles, long jump, high jump, triple jump, shot put, javelin throw and heptathlon.
She gained Portuguese citizenship in 2001, and has since represented Portugal at major international events.
Gomes has won the gold medal for long jump at the 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships, raising the national record to 6.89 m.
In Madrid, she became the first Portuguese athlete ever to reach the seven metres distance in the long jump, by jumping 7.01m. In Valencia she won gold at the World Athletics Indoor Championships 2008, by jumping 7.00m.
On 22 July, Naide Gomes was the winner of the IAAF Super Grand Prix DN Galan, Stockholm, Sweden, with a new national record of 7.04 m.
On 29 July, at the IAAF Super Grand Prix Herculis, Monte-Carlo, Monaco, she jumped 7.12 m, a new national record and 2008 world's best mark.
On 19 August, at the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing, China, a top-favorite for the gold medal, in peak physical condition and having dominated the season, Gomes unexpectedly fouled on her first two attempts and then stutter-stepped on her final try jumping a mere 6.29 m, thus failing to qualify to the final.
She won the long jump gold medal at the 2009 Lusophony Games with a jump of 6.74 m.
Achievements
Retirement
On 26 March 2015, Naide Gomes announced her retirement in a special news conference with close friends and the long term coach, at age 35. Main reasons appointed the prolonged injuries she is suffering since 2013, that took her away from the tracks, and the need of another surgery. She said to be very proud of her career, after winning 11 international medals, though failing at Olympic level, and wants to continue to be close to athletes, either as a coach or as physiotherapist. She also announced she's expecting her first child.
See also
List of eligibility transfers in athletics
Notes and references
1979 births
Living people
São Tomé and Príncipe long jumpers
Portuguese female long jumpers
Portuguese female hurdlers
Portuguese heptathletes
São Tomé and Príncipe female athletes
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of São Tomé and Príncipe
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Portugal
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
São Tomé and Príncipe emigrants to Portugal
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
People from São Tomé
Universiade silver medalists for Portugal
Golden Globes (Portugal) winners
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
Competitors at the 2003 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2005 Summer Universiade
Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 All-Africa Games
African Games competitors for São Tomé and Príncipe |
4037631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragile%20Vastness | Fragile Vastness | Fragile Vastness is a Greek band, formed in February 2000 by Babis Tsolakis (drums, former member of Piranha and Retrospect), Vangelis Yalamas (bass guitar, former member of Airged Lahm and Retrospect), Evi Katsamatsa (piano/keyboards, a piano teacher), Alex Flouros (guitars, former member of Sound Of Silence) and Zacharias Tsoumos (vocals, tenor at the National Greek Opera).
History
Their musical influence covers a wide spectrum of different kinds of music, like jazz, Latin and ethnic music, but they can be categorized as a progressive rock/progressive metal band. After signing a contract with the record company Sleaszy Rider, they release their debut album called Excerpts..., including the video clip for the song “Weep No More”, on the November 19, 2002. In the beginning of 2004, Zacharias Tsoumos leaves the band due to obligations and is replaced by George Ikosipentakis. With this synthesis, their second album "A Tribute To Life" was released in 2005. Fragile Vastness has been a support band for bands like Sentenced, Pain of Salvation, Rage, Primordial, Deadsoul Tribe, Fates Warning and Helloween
Discography
Full albums
Excerpts... (2002)
A Tribute To Life (2005)
Perception (2017)
Participations
Don't Tribute Bad - The Songs of Firehouse (2004)
The Ultimate Collection (Upcoming release)
Music videos
Weep No More - Excerpts...(2002)
Somewhere - A Tribute To Life (2005)
’’Frequencies’’ - ‘’Perception’’ (2017)
Band members
Current members
Babis Tsolakis - Drums
Vangelis Yalamas - Bass Guitar
Evi Katsamatsa - Piano/Keyboards
George Thanasoglou- Guitar
Vasilis Batilas - Guitar
Elena Stratigopoulou - Vocals
Former members
Zacharias Tsoumos - Vocals (2000–2004)
Alex Flouros - guitars (2000-2011)
George Maroulis - guitars (2006–2007)
George Anyfantis - guitars
George Eikosipentakis - Vocals (2005 - 2012)
See also
Related genres
Progressive metal
Progressive rock
Ethnic
Latin
Jazz
Fusion
Related bands
Deadsoul Tribe
Dream Theater
Fates Warning
Pain of Salvation
Nine inch nails
Peter Gabriel
Gary Moore
External links
Official Website
Official Website of Sleaszy Rider Records
Myspace Official Website
Vangelis Yalamas Myspace Official Website
Alex Flouros Myspace Official Website
Progressive metal musical groups
Greek heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2000 |
4037633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2016 | Now That's What I Call Music! 16 | Now That's What I Call Music! 16 may refer to at least two different Now That's What I Call Music!-series albums, including
Now That's What I Call Music 16 (U.K. series), released December 2, 1989
Now That's What I Call Music! 16 (U.S. series), released July 27, 2004 |
4037638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Shortt | Kate Shortt | Kate Shortt is a British pianist, cello player, songwriter and comedian. Since training as a professional musician at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, she has performed her cabaret style sets at the Edinburgh Fringe, as well as the Hackney Vortex Club, the King's Head Islington, Jermyn Street Theatre and the Covent Garden Festival Club. She won Performer of the Year award at the London Palladium. Her show has been described as consisting of "unique happenings at the cello and intimate confessions at the piano" and as "a cross between Victoria Wood and Jim Tavaré".
She has also worked as part of Last Amendment (formerly Crass Agenda).
References
British women pianists
British cellists
British songwriters
British women comedians
Living people
Women cellists
21st-century pianists
21st-century women musicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4037639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2015 | Now That's What I Call Music! 15 | Now That's What I Call Music! 15 may refer to four Now That's What I Call Music!-series albums, including
Now That's What I Call Music 15 (UK series), released 26 August 1989
Now That's What I Call Music! 15 (U.S. series), released on 23 March 2004
Now That's What I Call Music 15 (NZ series), released in 2004
Now! 15 (Danish series), released 27 March 2006 |
4037644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Tally | Ted Tally | Ted Tally (born April 9, 1952) is an American playwright and screenwriter. He adapted the Thomas Harris novel The Silence of the Lambs into the film of the same name, for which he received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the Writers Guild of America Award, the Chicago Film Critics Award, and the Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America.
Career
Screenwriter
Born William Theodore Tally in North Carolina, Tally was educated at Yale College and the Yale School of Drama, and has also taught at each of them. His most notable credit is the screenplay for The Silence of the Lambs, which won him the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as well as the Writers Guild of America Award, Chicago Film Critics Award and an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America. Other scripts include White Palace, Before and After, The Juror, All the Pretty Horses, and 12 Strong.
After declining to write the screenplay for Hannibal, Tally returned to the franchise to write Red Dragon. When asked by Inside Film Online why he opted not to write the screenplay for Hannibal, he responded, "For a lot of reasons. I didn't like the book. The director, Jonathan Demme, and I read it and were horrified. We didn't see how we could make a movie from it that we could be proud of and not feel sleazy about it, without making it a totally different story, which we could have done on our own. It was upsetting because we had a friendship with Tom Harris and felt we owed him a lot. But he was defensive and didn't want anything changed and it was frustrating because it would have been the biggest payday for all of us, putting us up there in Spielberg territory."
Plays and awards
Terra Nova was given a staged reading at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center and staged at the Yale Repertory Theatre in 1977 and went on to win an Obie Award. It was then given a full production in 1980 at Chichester Festival Theatre as one of the four productions in the 1980 Festival season. Coming Attractions won the Outer Critics Circle Award. Tally's plays include Hooters, Little Footsteps, and Silver Linings. His television scripts include The Comedy Zone, Hooters, Terra Nova for BBC, and The Father Clements Story, which won him the Christopher Award. His other honors include fellowships from the NEA and the Guggenheim Foundation.
Other activities
Tally is also credited as an associate producer for Mission to Mars (2000), as well as creative consultant for Madagascar (2005) and story consultant for Shrek 2 (2004).
Filmography
Screenwriter
The Father Clements Story (1987)
White Palace (1990)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
The Juror (1996)
Before and After (1996)
All the Pretty Horses (2000)
Red Dragon (2002)
12 Strong (2018)
Other
Mission to Mars (2000)
Shrek 2 (2004)
Madagascar (2005)
Shrek the Third (2007)
References
External links
Times 1982 review of Hooters
Hooters on Amazon.com
Filmmaker Interviews
1952 births
Living people
American male screenwriters
Edgar Award winners
Writers Guild of America Award winners
Yale School of Drama alumni
Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award winners
Screenwriters from North Carolina
Yale College alumni
Yale University alumni |
4037667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankou%20Cultural%20Sports%20Centre | Hankou Cultural Sports Centre | Hankou Cultural Sports Centre (Simplified Chinese: 汉口文化体育中心) is a multi-use stadium in Wuhan, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 20,000 people.
Competitions
2009 AFC U-19 Women's Championship
2015 AFC U-16 Women's Championship
External links
Official site
References
Sports venues in Wuhan
Football venues in Wuhan |
4037669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20French | Jeremiah French | Jeremiah French (July 8, 1743 – December 5, 1820) was a soldier, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.
He was born in Stratford, Connecticut in 1743, later settling at Manchester, Vermont. He served on the British side with General John Burgoyne during the American Revolution. After the war, he settled at Maple Grove in Upper Canada. He represented Stormont County in the 1st Parliament of Upper Canada. In 1792, he was appointed magistrate in the Eastern District. He donated the land for the original cemetery at Maple Grove; the cemetery was later relocated when the Saint Lawrence Seaway was built.
He died at Maple Grove in 1820.
His home at Maple Grove was moved to Upper Canada Village, where it is known as the Robertson House.
External links
United Empire Loyalists Association
1743 births
1820 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Upper Canada judges
People from Manchester, Vermont |
4037671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an%20City%20People%27s%20Stadium | Xi'an City People's Stadium | Xi'an City People's Stadium (Simplified Chinese: 西安市人民体育场) is a multi-use stadium in Xi'an, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 18,000 people. This stadium was built in 8 October 1952.
References
Football venues in China
Buildings and structures in Xi'an
Sport in Xi'an
Sports venues in Shaanxi
Sports venues completed in 1952 |
4037677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou%20City%20Stadium | Suzhou City Stadium | Suzhou City Stadium () is a multi-use stadium in Suzhou, China. Built in 1918, it is one of the oldest stadiums in Suzhou. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 35,000 people.
References
Football venues in China
Sports venues in Suzhou
Sports venues completed in 1918 |
4037683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen%20Stadium | Xiamen Stadium | The Xiamen Sports Centre Stadium () is a multi-use stadium in Xiamen, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches and athletics events. The stadium has a capacity of 32,000 people, and was the home of Xiamen Blue Lions.
References
Buildings and structures in Xiamen
Football venues in China
Sport in Xiamen
Sports venues in Fujian |
4037685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiangtan%20Sports%20Centre | Xiangtan Sports Centre | Xiangtan Sports Centre Stadium (Simplified Chinese: 湘潭体育中心) is a multi-use stadium in Xiangtan, People's Republic of China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 30,000 people.
Footnotes
Football venues in China
Sports venues in Hunan |
4037720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelendost | Gelendost | Gelendost is a town and district of Isparta Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The population is 5,219 as of 2010.
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Isparta Province
Gelendost District
Districts of Isparta Province
Towns in Turkey |
4037721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westboro | Westboro | Westboro may refer to:
Places
Canada
Westboro, Ottawa, Ontario, a neighbourhood
Westboro Station (OC Transpo), an OC Transpo Transitway Station
United States
Westboro (Topeka), Kansas, a residential neighborhood
Westboro, Missouri
Westboro, Ohio
Westboro, Wisconsin, a town
Westboro (CDP), Wisconsin, a census-designated place in the town
See also
Westborough (disambiguation)
Westboro Baptist Church |
4037726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisen%20Joki | Kaisen Joki | Kaisen Joki (, ; January 2, 1500 – April 25, 1582) was a Buddhist priest from the Mino Province.
It is not known if he is related to the Toki clan. Following the rise to power of Saito Yoshitatsu, Joki fled to the Owari Province. From there he went to the Kai Province. There, Joki met Takeda Shingen and Shingen was very impressed by him. Shingen afterwards made Joki the head abbot of the Erin-ji in Kofu.
After the Oda–Tokugawa alliance invaded the territory of the Takeda in 1582, the Eirin-ji were accused of sheltering the likes of Rokkaku Yoshisuke (a former enemy of the Oda). This led to all the monks of the temple being burned to death. It is known that Joki was indeed very calm. Before Joki and his men would have died in the blazing fire, Joki is said to have told them to .
External links
Rinzai Buddhists
1500 births
1582 deaths
Deaths from fire in Japan |
4037728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6nen%2C%20Isparta | Gönen, Isparta | Gönen is a town and district of Isparta Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The population is 3,567 as of 2010.The mayor is Mete Elcim (MHP).
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Isparta Province
Districts of Isparta Province
Towns in Turkey |
4037731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelora%2010%20November%20Stadium | Gelora 10 November Stadium | Gelora 10 November Stadium (; literally "10 November Sports Arena Stadium"), formerly known as Tambaksari Stadium, is a football stadium located in Tambaksari, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. It is currently used mostly for association football matches. Originally a football field named Tambaksari Field (), the stadium holds 20,000 people. The stadium is widely known to has Pterocarpus indicus trees inside. The current name derives from the one day during Battle of Surabaya, widely known as Indonesian Heroes' Day.
Major events
26 August – 6 September 1969: 7th National Sports Week ()
16 June 1983: Post-season tour match of Arsenal, when they were beaten 2–0 by local club NIAC Mitra.
11 July 1992: Sepultura's Arise World Tour
28 June – 6 July 2012: 4th ASEAN School Games
References
Persebaya Surabaya
Sport in Surabaya
Sports venues in Indonesia
Football venues in Indonesia
Multi-purpose stadiums in Indonesia
Football venues in East Java
Sports venues in Surabaya
Football venues in Surabaya
Multi-purpose stadiums in Surabaya
Buildings and structures in Surabaya |
4037733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senirkent | Senirkent | Senirkent is a town and center of Lakes Region and district of Isparta Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The population is 6,303 as of 2010.The mayor is Hüseyin Baykal (MHP).
References
Populated places in Isparta Province
Districts of Isparta Province
Towns in Turkey |
4037735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala%20Stadium | Mandala Stadium | Mandala Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Founded in 1950 as Dock V Field, It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home stadium of one of the biggest and successful Liga 1 Indonesia team, Persipura Jayapura. The stadium holds 30,000 people and is the largest stadium in eastern Indonesia until Lukas Enembe Stadium was opened in 2019. This stadium is located in the Dok V area, near the centre of Jayapura as well as the Humboldt Bay.
See also
Persipura Jayapura
List of stadiums in Indonesia
Jayapura
References
Multi-purpose stadiums in Indonesia
Jayapura
Buildings and structures in Papua (province)
Sports venues in Indonesia
Football venues in Indonesia
Athletics (track and field) venues in Indonesia
Persipura Jayapura |
4037738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earkikaraa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7 | Şarkikaraağaç | Şarkikaraağaç is a town and district of Isparta Province in the Mediterranean region of Anatolia (Asian Turkey). It is the site of Ancient city and bishopric Hadrianopolis in Pisidia, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
Şarki means "eastern", karaağaç means "elm".
The population is 9,849 as of 2010.
History
See Hadrianopolis for Ancient namesakes
Hadrianopolis (in Pisidia) was important enough in the late Roman province of Pisidia to become one of the suffragan bishoprics of the Metropolitan of the capital Antioch, but was to fade.
Titular see
The diocese was nominally restored in 1933 as a Latin titular bishopric.
It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :
Leo Aloysius Pursley (1950.07.22 – 1956.12.29) as Auxiliary Bishop of Fort Wayne (Indiana, USA) (1950.07.22 – 1956.12.29), until succeeding as last Bishop of Fort Wayne (1956.12.29 – 1960.05.28), later restyled as first Bishop of Fort Wayne–South Bend (USA) (1960.05.28 – retired 1976.08.24), died 1998
Bernardino N. Mazzarella, Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (1957.07.20 – 1963.03.13) as Bishop-Prelate of the Territorial Prelature of Inmaculada Concepción de la B.V.M. en Olancho (Honduras) (1954 – 1963.03.13); later Bishop of Comayagua (Honduras) (1963.03.13 – death 1979.05.30)
Filemón Castellano (1963.04.10 – 1970.12.20), on emeritate, formerly Bishop of Lomas de Zamora (Argentina) (1957.03.13 – 1963.04.10); died 1980.
References
Sources and external links
District governor's official website
GCatholic
Bibliography - ecclesiastical history
Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 451
Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, vol. I, coll. 1049-1050
Sylvain Destephen, 'Prosopographie chrétienne du Bas-Empire 3. Prosopographie du diocèse d'Asie (325-641), Paris 2008
Populated places in Isparta Province
Şarkikaraağaç District
Towns in Turkey |
4037741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andi%20Mattalatta%20Stadium | Andi Mattalatta Stadium | Andi Mattalatta Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was used mostly for football matches. The stadium held 15,000 people and was the home stadium of PSM Makassar. This stadium was the center of the event National Sports Week the 4th in 1957. The stadium was inaugurated for use on July 6, 1957 or two months before the opening of National Sports Week the 4th in 1957 in Makassar.
Historically, this stadium was located on or very near to the Japanese POW camp during World War II.
On 21 October 2020, this stadium started to enter renovation. The first stage was the demolition of the building structure. The process of dismantling the building structure was symbolically marked by the Governor of South Sulawesi, Nurdin Abdullah, using an excavator type heavy equipment vehicle in front of the VIP North entrance. The plan was that the process of renovating the Andi Mattalatta Stadium will take until early 2022. This stadium will later be renovated into an international standard stadium.
References
PSM Makassar
Sports venues in Indonesia
Football venues in Indonesia
Multi-purpose stadiums in Indonesia
Sports venues in South Sulawesi
Football venues in South Sulawesi
Multi-purpose stadiums in South Sulawesi
Sports venues in Makassar
Football venues in Makassar
Multi-purpose stadiums in Makassar
Buildings and structures in South Sulawesi
Buildings and structures in Makassar
Stadiums under construction |
4037742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni%C5%9Farbademli | Yenişarbademli | Yenişarbademli is a town and district of Isparta Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The population is 2,136 as of 2010.
Location
The district center lies at a distance of five kilometers to the west from Lake Beyşehir. The remains of the thirteenth century Anatolian Seljuk palace of Kubadabad on the lake shore are located very near the town, although their locality administratively depends the neighboring Beyşehir district.
Unique characteristics
Yenişarbademli is also notable in having Pınargözü Cave, the longest cave as it stands in Turkey, which is situated at a distance of 8 kilometers to the south of the center town, in the dense woodlands of the Taurus Mountains. The cave's length is at least 12 kilometers, as reached by a joint Turkish-British-French team in 1991, while its exact extension is estimated to reach .
See also
Lake Beyşehir
Kubadabad Palace
References
External links
District governor's official website
Populated places in Isparta Province
Towns in Turkey |
4037745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu%2C%20Isparta | Aksu, Isparta | Aksu is a town and district of Isparta Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The population is 1,947 as of 2010.
References
External links
District governor's official website
Towns in Turkey
Populated places in Isparta Province
Aksu District (Isparta) |
4037747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20Climate%20and%20the%20Environment%20%28Norway%29 | Minister of Climate and the Environment (Norway) | The Minister of Climate and the Environment () is a Councilor of State and Chief of Norway's Ministry of the Environment. The current minister is Espen Barth Eide. The ministry is responsible for environmental issues, including influencing environmental impacts on other ministries. Subordinate agencies include the Directorate for Cultural Heritage, the Polar Institute, the Environment Agency and the Mapping Authority.
The minister and minister post were established on 8 May 1972. The title was known as the Minister of the Environment until 2013. Nineteen people from six parties have held the position. Thorbjørn Berntsen of the Labour Party has held the position the longest, a week short of seven years. Gro Harlem Brundtland, who held the position for five years, later became Prime Minister. Erik Solheim of the Socialist Left Party held the position concurrently with being Minister of International Development.
Key
The following lists the minister, their party, date of assuming and leaving office, their tenure in years and days, and the cabinet they served in.
Ministers
References
Climate and the Environment
1972 establishments in Norway |
4037753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saparmurat%20Turkmenbashy%20Olympic%20Stadium | Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Olympic Stadium | Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Olympic Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, that stood on the site now occupied by the new Olympic Stadium, built between 2013 and 2017.
Overview
The stadium held 30,000 people and was built in 2003, named for Saparmurat Niyazov. In 2017, it hosted Asian Olympic Council’s Asian Indoor & Martial Arts games that included participation from Australia and wider Oceania. The wider Ashgabat Olympic Park also hosted the 2018 World Weightlifting Championships.
In 2007 the Turkmen government decided to reconstruct the stadium and to enlarge it. The new arena seats up to 45,000 people. The stadium closed in 2012, and was partially demolished in 2013 for redevelopment. The most prominent feature of the new renovations is head of an Ahal-Teke horse, which resembles the national emblem of the country.
Events
The stadium is mostly used for football matches by the Turkmen national football team, but also for musical performances by Turkmen pop stars such as Maral Ibragimova.
The reconstructed stadium was the site of the 5th Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games, also called the 5th Asian Indoor Games. The opening and closing ceremonies for the games were held on 17 and 27 September 2017.
See also
Ashgabat Stadium
References
External links
New Project
Football venues in Turkmenistan
Sports venues in Ashgabat
Athletics (track and field) venues in Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Multi-purpose stadiums in Turkmenistan
Sports venues completed in 2003
2003 establishments in Turkmenistan |
4037762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Greis | Michael Greis | Michael Greis (; born 18 August 1976) is a former German biathlete.
Career
Greis first competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, finishing 15th and 16th in the 10 km sprint and 12.5 km pursuit events in the biathlon.
Greis won the World Cup in the individual category in 2004/05, and was a member of the winning 4 × 7.5 km relay team in the 2004 Biathlon World Championships, and took silver in the individual 20 km category at the 2005 World Championships.
At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Greis came into the games heading the World Cup standings and took the first Olympic gold of the games with victory in the individual 20 km ahead of the defending Olympic champion Ole Einar Bjørndalen. He was also a member of the German team that won the 4 × 7.5 km relay.
On 25 February 2006 Greis won the men's 15 km event and became the first person to capture three gold medals at the Turin Olympic Games. (Koreans Jin Sun-Yu and Ahn Hyun Soo became the second and third later on the same day with victories in short track speed skating.)
Greis was named German sportsman of the year, along with fellow biathlete Kati Wilhelm, by journalists.
In the 2006/07 World Cup season, Greis won the Overall and the Sprint competition.
In the 2007/08 World Cup season Greis managed onto the podium on a regular basis, attaining three victories, three 2nd places as well as three 3rds. At the season's World Champs in Östersund Greis did not participate in the sprint and in the pursuit but being anchor both in the men's Relay and the mixed Relay, helped to secure a gold and a bronze for his team.
Prior to the 2008/09 World Cup season Greis had had a serious disagreement with the Germans' head coach Frank Ullrich the reason being Ullrich's authoritative management of the team, which resulted in Greis' departure from Ullrich's jurisdiction to train on his own. This yielded him quite a solid performance throughout the year, with another two World Cup victories and the relay bronze at the Biathlon World Championships 2009 in South Korea.
Greis participated in the 2010 Olympic Games in Vancouver, Canada which turned to be a disappointing performance for his fans as he finished in the mediocre 10th place twice, in the Individual and the Mass Start, along with coming 5th in the relay and the pursuit, adding to a streak of unsuccessful Olympic performances by the German biathlon male team when not a single German won any medal in biathlon for the first time in the Olympic history.
After the first round of the 2012–13 World Cup, Greis announced his retirement on 5 December 2012 citing a lack of motivation, making the 20 km in Östersund on 28 November his last competition as he had dropped the sprint and pursuit. After retiring, Greis studied International Management at Ansbach University of Applied Sciences. He also worked as a pundit for Eurosport. Subsequently in 2016 he was appointed as head coach at the national biathlon training centre for east Switzerland at Lenzerheide, where he coached youth biathletes. After two years in this post, in April 2018 he was announced as head coach of the United States men's biathlon team. After one season in this role, in May 2019 he was named as head coach for the Polish women's biathlon team.
Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.
Olympic Games
3 medals (3 gold)
*Mass start was added as an event in 2006.
World Championships
12 medals (3 gold, 3 silver, 6 bronze)
*During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
**The mixed relay was added as an event in 2005.
Individual victories
11 victories (3 In, 4 Sp, 2 Pu, 2 MS)
*Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.
See also
List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event
References
External links
Official website
1976 births
Living people
People from Füssen
Sportspeople from Bavaria
German male biathletes
Biathletes at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes of Germany
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in biathlon
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Biathlon World Championships medalists
Holmenkollen medalists
German cross-country skiing coaches |
4037764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide%20Casino | Adelaide Casino | Adelaide Casino, known commercially as SkyCity Adelaide, is a large casino and recreational venue on the north edge of the Adelaide city centre. Located in the heritage-listed Adelaide railway station building on North Terrace, Adelaide, the casino has 90 gaming tables and 950 gaming machines, as well as several bars, function areas and restaurants. Operated as part of the SkyCity Entertainment Group, it is the sole licensed casino in South Australia, regulated by the Independent Gambling Authority and the Liquor and Gambling Commissioner (Consumer and Business Services) under the Casino Act 1997.
The casino is the 10th largest employer in South Australia, currently employing over 1100 staff members. In 2007 and 2008, Adelaide Casino paid over $41 million in taxes and charges to the state and federal governments.
History
The Adelaide Casino opened in December 1985, the casino licence being held by the (state-owned) Lotteries Commission which appointed Aitco Pty Ltd to establish and operate a casino on its behalf. Originally consisting of 89 gaming tables, in 1991 the casino was authorised to operate video gaming machines, and in 1993 to operate poker machines. By 1997 they totalled 674 machines. The monies received by the Commission from the Casino operator include unclaimed prizes, licence fees, 13.75% of net gaming revenue from tables, and 4.0% of turnover from machines. In the year ending June 1995 the amount paid to the Government was $20.20 million.
In June 2000 the casino was sold to SkyCity Entertainment Group, under a new licensing regime which eliminated the separation of roles of the licensee and the operator and provided for the grant of a single casino licence. The new licensee was SkyCity Adelaide Pty Ltd and the approved licensing agreement locked in 15 years of exclusivity over casino table games which also included fixed rates of duty for the exclusivity period. The property was officially renamed SkyCity Adelaide in April 2001. A three-year interior redevelopment project began in December 2003. In 2009 the name reverted to Adelaide Casino.
In 2007 following widening of North Terrace to create space for two tramlines, the Balfours Pie Cart, which sold pie floaters, was removed from its location.
Following licence variations formalised on 11 October 2013, SkyCity Adelaide's casino licence gave Adelaide Casino a monopoly on table games and automated table game product in South Australia until 30 June 2035 (a 20-year extension of the original exclusivity), along with new duty arrangements. The Adelaide Casino competes for gaming machine (slot) business with South Australia's hotels and licensed clubs (of which about 480 are licensed to operate just over 12,400 machines). The new licence arrangements increased the property's capacity from 90 to 200 tables and from 995 to 1500 gaming machines, subject to redevelopment to provide the required floor space.
As part of a major interior refurbishment in 2014, the Casino commissioned hand-crafted glass light pendants from a team of 12 artists at the JamFactory studios, which would be hung from the ceiling of the SKYroom (formerly the Pearl Room).
As part of the Riverbank precinct redevelopment started in 2015 which includes the Adelaide Convention Centre and Adelaide Festival Centre, the Casino announced an expansion beginning in 2018, aiming to transform it into "an integrated entertainment destination on the Festival Plaza forecourt". Most of the redevelopment was completed in 2020/2021.
The casino's interests have been represented to the South Australian parliament by former Treasurer turned political lobbyist, Kevin Foley, since 2019.
See also
Gambling in Australia
References
External links
1985 establishments in Australia
Casinos completed in 1985
Hotels established in 1985
Casinos in Australia
Casino
Buildings and structures in Adelaide
Adelaide Park Lands |
4037765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Althawra%20Sports%20City%20Stadium | Althawra Sports City Stadium | Altawra Sports City Stadium (), also known as the Ali Mohsen al-Muraisi Stadium (), is a multi-purpose stadium in San‘a’, Yemen. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 30,000 people and was opened in 1986. It is currently the home ground of the Yemen national football team.
During the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen at the Yemen War, the stadium was destroyed by a Saudi Arabian's air strike. In 2016, the stadium suffered bomb damage again.
References
External links
Altawra Sports City Stadium on footballgroundmap.com
Football venues in Yemen
Athletics (track and field) venues in Yemen
Sport in Sanaa
Yemen
Multi-purpose stadiums in Yemen |
4037775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Stadium%20%28Thailand%29 | National Stadium (Thailand) | The National Stadium of Thailand () is a sports complex located in Pathum Wan District, Bangkok. Founded in 1937 with the construction of Supachalasai Stadium (; ), its main venue, the complex has since expanded and now consists of multiple stadia and sporting facilities.
History
The stadium construction started in 1937 in the original area of Thai Windsor Palace that demolished in 1935. The Department of Physical Education entered into a 29-year lease agreement with Chulalongkorn University. First use of the stadium happened when King Ananda Mahidol presided over in the opening ceremony of 1938 men's athletics competition, which changed the venue from Sanam Luang.
It is used mostly for football matches. It served as the main stadium for the 1966, 1970, and 1978 Asian Games. It was also used for the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, but only for one game (Oman v Iraq in Group A). The stadium is easy for spectators to get to as it is served by the BTS Skytrain which stops at the 'National Stadium BTS station' right next to the stadium.
The stadium is a single tier construction which is uncovered on three sides. A plain but effective roof covers the main-stand side. Although there is a running track, the tribunes are immediately adjacent to it so spectators are not as far from the action as they are at the newer Rajamangala Stadium. Spectator comfort was increased in 2007 with the addition of red bench seats to the previously bare concrete steps on the three open sides.
Thai league clubs often play at the Suphachalasai in Asian competitions as their own stadiums do not meet Asian Football Confederation criteria. However, it is now rarely used by the national team who usually play at the Rajamangala National Stadium. Other stadiums in Bangkok include the Thai Army Sports Stadium, the Thai-Japanese Stadium and Chulalongkorn University Stadium.
On 24 and 27 August 1993, Entertainer Michael Jackson performed 2 concerts there during his Dangerous World Tour in front of 140,000 in attendance.
Stadium Facility
Suphachalasai Stadium
Suphachalasai Stadium is the majority part of the National Stadium. It is the multi-purpose stadium with track and field for athletic purposes, as well as a partial roof on one of its side. With its capacity of 19,793, the stadium is being used to hold important matches such as the Thai FA Cup and Thai League Cup. The stadium named after Luang Supachalasai (Bung Supachalasai), considered the Father of Thai Sport and the first Director-General of Thai Department of Physical Education.
Thephasadin Stadium
Thephasadin Stadium was constructed in 1965 for the use in 1966 Asian Games as the Hockey venue, hence its original name, Hockey Field. It was renamed in 1983 in memorial of Sanan Thephasadin na Ayutthaya, considered the Father of Thai Football. With its capacity of 6,378 seats, it was retired from being the hockey stadium.
Jindarat Stadium
Jindarat Stadium, constructed after the Pacific War, was formerly used as the outdoor stadium for medium-level sporting events and practicing purposes. It was originally named Ton Pho Stadium, but was renamed in 1983 in memorial of Jindarat (Jamlong Sawat-chuto), former director of the Office of Sports and Recreation Development.
Wisutamol Pool
Wisutamol Pool was constructed in 1961 under the term of director Kong Wisutamol. It was the Olympic-size swimming pool with two sides of stands, used for the competition and general practices. Originally named the Olympic Pool, it was renamed in memorial of the director Wisutamol who organized the construction.
Nimibutr Stadium
Nimibutr Stadium, opened in 1963 is an indoor stadium used for sports including boxing, badminton, gymnastics, futsal, basketball and handball.
Jhanthana-Yingyong Gymnasium
Jhanthana-Yingyong Gymnasium was built in 1965.
Notes and references
See also
Rajamangala National Stadium
External links
Thailand
Football venues in Thailand
Athletics (track and field) venues in Thailand
Rugby union stadiums in Asia
AFC Asian Cup stadiums
Sports venues in Bangkok
Stadiums of the Asian Games
Venues of the 1966 Asian Games
Venues of the 1970 Asian Games
Venues of the 1978 Asian Games
Venues of the 1998 Asian Games
Asian Games athletics venues
Asian Games football venues
Southeast Asian Games stadiums
Southeast Asian Games athletics venues
Southeast Asian Games football venues
Multi-purpose stadiums in Thailand
Sports venues completed in 1935
Pathum Wan district
1935 establishments in Siam
Property Management of Chulalongkorn University |
4037777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Maria%20di%20Licodia | Santa Maria di Licodia | Santa Maria di Licodia (Sicilian: Santa Marìa di Licuddìa ) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania, eastern Sicily, southern Italy.
History
Santa Maria di Licodia occupies traditionally the site of the ancient Aetna, a settlement founded by the colonists whom Hiero I of Syracuse had placed at Catania after their expulsion by the original inhabitants in 461 BC, which absorbed or incorporated an already existing Sicel town named Inessa.
Main sights
Chiesa Madre (Mother Church). Of the original medieval building, a bell tower has remained
Cherubim Fountain (1757)
Casina del Cavaliere, a Benedictine convent of medieval origin, outside the town.
A large hoard of coins was found also outside Santa Maria di Licodia in 1891.
In the nearby district of Civita is a large elliptical area, enclosed by a wall of masses of lava, which is about wide at the base and high. The ground is covered with fragments of tiles and pottery of the classical period, and it is probably a hastily built encampment of historic times rather than a primitive fortification, as there are no prehistoric traces.
Twin towns
Rabat, Malta
Pisano Eteno, a frazione of Zafferana Etnea, Italy
San Giuseppe di Ognina, Catania, Italy
References
Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Catania |
4037795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monchique | Monchique | Monchique () is a municipality of southern Portugal, in Faro District (province of Algarve). The population in 2011 was 6,045, in an area of 395.30 km2.
The Municipality of Monchique is situated in the Serra de Monchique and together with the town of Monchique is a tourist destination. Attractions include a historic town centre, views from the two peaks of Foia and Picota, hiking, bird watching and biking. There are hot sulfur springs, with baths and health spas south in 'Caldas de Monchique' (Spring of Monchique). Eucalyptus, cork oak, oranges, lemons, honey, olive oil, chestnuts, scissor chairs made from chestnut wood, black pork and black pork ham and sausages are the chief products. There are several small industries producing tourist artifacts that are sold in local shops, and medronho, a local brew made from distilled medronho berries (Arbutus/Strawberry Tree), is produced.
Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 3 civil parishes (freguesias):
Alferce
Marmelete
Monchique
Climate
Monchique has a Mediterranean climate with warm to hot summers and mild, wet winters. Due to its altitude and location, right between the valley formed by the Serra de Monchique, precipitation in the winter is much larger than anywhere else on the Algarve. Its position on the southwest corner of Portugal gives it very mild temperatures in the winter, especially for its altitude.
References
External links
official Monchique Municipality website
Monchiqueportugal.info
Populated places in Faro District
Municipalities of the Algarve
Towns of the Algarve
Municipalities of Faro District |
4037796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nampo%20Stadium | Nampo Stadium | Nampo Stadium (Chosŏn'gŭl: 남포경기장; Hanja:南浦競技場 ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Nampo, North Korea. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 30,000 people and opened in June 1973.The stadium was renovated in 2004, and in 2017
References
See also
List of football stadiums in North Korea
Sports venues completed in 1973
Sports venues in North Korea
Football venues in North Korea
Multi-purpose stadiums in North Korea
1973 establishments in North Korea
Buildings and structures in Nampo |
4037798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanggakdo%20Stadium | Yanggakdo Stadium | Yanggakdo Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located on Yanggak Island in Pyongyang, North Korea. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 30,000 people and was opened on 18 May 1989.
In addition to the main football pitch and athletics track, there are indoor training areas for bodybuilding, weightlifting, table tennis, boxing, wrestling, judo, and swimming. There are also dedicated spaces for football referees, changing rooms for players, a broadcasting room, correspondents' and commentator's rooms, and medical facilities. As well as the main pitch, there are three training pitches for football, and eight tennis courts.
References
See also
List of football stadiums in North Korea
Sports venues completed in 1989
Football venues in North Korea
Sports venues in Pyongyang
Multi-purpose stadiums in North Korea
Event venues established in 1989
1989 establishments in North Korea |
4037806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939%E2%80%9340%20in%20Swedish%20football | 1939–40 in Swedish football | The 1939–40 season in Swedish football, starting August 1939 and ending July 1940:
Honours
Official titles
Competitions
Promotions, relegations and qualifications
Promotions
League transfers
Relegations
Domestic results
Allsvenskan 1939–40
Allsvenskan promotion play-off 1939–40
Division 2 Norra 1939–40
Division 2 Östra 1939–40
Division 2 Västra 1939–40
Division 2 Södra 1939–40
Division 2 promotion play-off 1939–40
National team results
Sweden:
Sweden:
National team players in season 1939/40
Notes
References
Print
Online |
4037814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sree%20Kanteerava%20Stadium | Sree Kanteerava Stadium | Sree Kanteerava Outdoor Stadium, formerly known as Sampangi Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Bengaluru, India. It houses a running track, a football field, a volleyball court, and two outdoor rock climbing walls. The stadium is owned by the Department of Youth Empowerment and Sports, Government of Karnataka. It is the largest sporting complex in Bangalore.
Renamed after Yuvaraja Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar, the stadium, constructed on the bed of the Sampangi Lake, was inaugurated in 1946 by Maharaja Jayachamaraja Wadiyar. Then housing a cinder track, a synthetic running track was laid in the 1990s leading up to the 1997 National Games of India for 220 million, and was completed by 31 May 1997.
Stadium
The stadium was established in 1946 and was named Sampangi Stadium. It was built on the bed of Sampangi Lake which was perceived as an environmental hazard and was drained in 1937 after it was neglected following supply of piped water from the Hesaraghatta Lake within Bangalore. The stadium had a six-lane cinder track then, before the present synthetic track was laid. Sprinter Milkha Singh trained here in 1952. The stadium hosted the touring Russian football team in an exhibition game against Mysore State XI in February 1955. The Russia XI won 7–1. Other sporting events held in the stadium include the final of the 1962 edition of the Santosh Trophy which the home Mysore team (now Karnataka team) won, and the 1996 edition of the National Games.
Central arena
The central arena of the stadium consists of an eight-lane 400-metre synthetic athletic track, along with synthetic surfaced areas for field events like long jump, high jump, triple jump and pole vault. The arena also comprises a football field 100 m x 68 m in size. In addition to sporting events, the stadium also hosts walkathon, filmmaking, rallies and exhibition.
The stadium contains four large arched entrances leading on to the inner field and lower spectator stands. The stadium has eight ramps taking spectators to the upper stands. Thus in total, 12 gates for spectators serve the stadium.
Tenants
The stadium currently serves as the home ground of Bengaluru FC, a football team which plays in the Indian Super League, since 2014. The club only uses 25,000 seats because of security issues. The south stand is usually closed for league matches and is only opened for bigger matches, like derbies and finals. The west block is occupied by a fan club known as West Block Blues.
See also
Kanteerava Indoor Stadium
List of stadiums in India
References
External links
Football venues in Karnataka
Multi-purpose stadiums in India
Athletics (track and field) venues in India
Sports venues in Bangalore
Bengaluru FC
1946 establishments in India
Sports venues completed in 1946 |
4037828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From%20the%20Soul | From the Soul | From the Soul is a 1992 jazz album by American saxophonist and composer Joe Lovano, generally regarded as being his masterpiece so far. It was recorded with a studio band rather than Lovano's working group; it is notable for his only encounter with Michel Petrucciani (who plays in a more abstract, Paul Bleyish style than was usual with him), and for being one of Ed Blackwell's final recordings.
Track listing
All compositions by Joe Lovano except as indicated
"Evolution" – 8:59
"Portrait of Jennie" (Gordon Burdge, J. Russel Robinson) – 7:56
"Lines & Spaces" – 6:20
"Body and Soul" (Frank Eyton, Johnny Green, Edward Heyman, Robert Sour) – 7:27
"Modern Man" – 5:23
"Fort Worth" – 6:29
"Central Park West" (John Coltrane) – 6:00
"Work" (Thelonious Monk) – 5:44
"Left Behind" (Judi Silverman) – 3:13
"His Dreams" – 5:45
(Recorded December 28, 1991 at Skyline Studio, New York City.)
Personnel
Joe Lovano — tenor, alto, & soprano saxophones
Michel Petrucciani — piano
Dave Holland — bass
Ed Blackwell — drums
References
External links
1992 albums
Joe Lovano albums
Blue Note Records albums |
4037833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Bosio | Antonio Bosio | Antonio Bosio (c. 1575 or 1576 – 1629) was a Maltese scholar, the first systematic explorer of subterranean Rome (the "Columbus of the Catacombs"), author of Roma Sotterranea and first urban spelunker.
Life
Bosio was born in Malta, and was sent as a boy to the care of his uncle, who was a representative at the Holy See of the Knights of Malta. He studied literature, philosophy, and jurisprudence, but at the age of eighteen he gave up his legal studies, went to Rome and for the remainder of his lifetime was devoted to archaeological work in the Roman catacombs. He died in Rome in 1629.
Work
The accidental discovery in 1578 of an ancient subterranean cemetery on the Via Salaria had attracted general attention in Rome. Few, however, realized the importance of the discovery, and with the exception of three foreign scholars, Alfonso Chacon, the antiquarian Philips van Winghe (1560–1592) from Leuven and Jean L'Heureux (alias Macarius), no one seriously thought of pursuing further investigations. Bosio began the systematic exploration of subterranean Rome and thus became a precursor of the science of Christian archaeology, an inspiration to Giovanni Battista de Rossi. The young explorer realized that early Christian literature such as acta of the martyrs and accounts of the councils would offer clues to the locations of the catacombs; an idea of the vast scope of his reading is in two great folio volumes of his manuscript notes in the Vallicelliana library at Rome, each of which contains about a thousand pages.
The scholarly labors of Bosio accounted for only half of his time; after he had collected all the data possible relative to the location of a catacomb on one of the great Roman roads leading from Rome, Bosio would set out for the places indicated, and cover the ground carefully in the hope of discovering a forgotten stairway offering access, or a luminarium lighting the underground galleries of a cemetery. He had the sense to question the local peasants. He would then descend to the subterranean galleries and commence his explorations. Narrow passages led from one series of galleries to another. Years could pass without any new entrances being discovered.
Publication
This life work of Bosio was all but unknown until the publication three years after his death of his Roma Sotterranea, opera postuma di Antonio Bosio Romano, antiquario ecclesiastico singolare de' suoi tempi. Compita, disposta, et accresciuta dal M. R. P. Giovanni Severani da S. Severino (Rome, 1632), usually referred to as Roma Sotterranea. The folio volume was brought out under the patronage of the Knights of Malta, edited by the Oratorian Severano, under the patronage of Cardinal Francesco Barberini. A Latin translation that appeared in 1651 took liberties with the text. Bosio's Roma Sotterranea is entirely devoted to a description of the cemeteries with the end of ascertaining all that was possible regarding the history of each cemetery, by what name it was known in antiquity, who its founders were, and what martyrs and illustrious Christians were interred there. Many of his conclusions have in modern times been found to be erroneous, but Bosio's method is acknowledged to have been scientific within the shortcomings of the infant science of archaeology. The engravings that accompanied the volume are of little use to the modern archaeologist.
An unfortunate result of the publication was that with the locations known, the catacombs were scoured for anything that might prove of value on the market; though much information on the condition of the catacombs and their inscriptions and frescoes in the early 17th century was preserved in Bosio's volume, much also was lost. Some of the catacombs Bosio described have since been destroyed by subsequent construction.
This book must have been rated highly by the English physician and philosopher Sir Thomas Browne, for copies in both Italian and Latin can be found in his library.
Notes
External links
Text of Roma Sotterranea (1632 edition)
References and further reading
"Accidental Discovery of Catacombs", by the Christian History Institute
C. Cecalupo, Antonio Bosio, la Roma sotterranea e i primi collezionisti di antichità cristiane. Vatican City: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, 2020
Death customs
Cemeteries in Italy
Italian antiquarians
Italian classical scholars
1570s births
1629 deaths
17th-century antiquarians |
4037840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Selby | Peter Selby | Peter Stephen Maurice Selby (born 7 December 1941) is a retired British Anglican bishop. He was the Church of England Bishop of Worcester from 1997 until he retired at the end of September 2007.
Education
He was educated at St John's College, Oxford, and at Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, taking the Oxford degree of MA(Oxon) (1967, BA 1964) and the Cambridge, Massachusetts, degree of BD (1966). He was awarded a PhD degree from King's College London in 1975.
Ecclesiastical career
He was Assistant Curate, Queensbury, 1966–68; Associate Director of Training, Southwark, 1969–73; Assistant Curate, Limpsfield with Titsey, 1969–77; Vice-Principal, Southwark Ordination Course, 1970–72; Assistant Missioner, Diocese of Southwark, 1973–77; Canon Residentiary, Newcastle Cathedral, 1977–84; Diocesan Missioner, Diocese of Newcastle, 1977–84; Bishop of Kingston 1984–1992 (an area bishop from 1991); William Leech Professorial Fellow in Applied Christian Theology, University of Durham, 1992–1997; Honorary assistant bishop in the dioceses of Durham and of Newcastle, 1992–97; Visitor General, Community of Sisters of the Church, 1991–2001, a Member of the Doctrine Commission, 1991–2003, and President of the Modern Churchpeople's Union, 1990–96 and of the Society for Study of Theology, 2003–04; Bishop to HM Prisons, 2001–2007 and from January 2008 became the President of the National Council for Independent Monitoring Boards for prisons. He was appointed Bishop of Worcester in 1997.
The Charles Raven affair
Selby had disagreed with the 1998 Lambeth agreement that bishops would not ordain homosexuals as clergy. In 2002 he was asked to affirm this by one of his own clergymen, Charles Raven, the vicar of St. John's Church, Kidderminster. Selby refused to do so, and was therefore asked not to come to the church to confirm people, since there would be no agreement as to what the faith being confirmed was. As Raven's licence was not renewable he had to leave his post, and founded a breakaway congregation, taking with him about half the members of the church he had served. The story made the national press several times.
Retirement
Selby and John Saxbee were appointed Episcopal Patrons of the international No Anglican Covenant Coalition in July 2011. In a joint letter to the Church Times, Saxbee and Selby warned that "this is a time to hold fast to Anglicanism’s inherited culture of inclusion and respectful debate which is our way of dealing with difference rather than require assent to procedures and words that have already shown themselves to be divisive."
Since retirement Selby served for five years as President of the National Council for Independent Monitoring Boards, the Boards monitoring fairness and respect for those in custody. He retired from that post in 2013, and has since been an interim co-director of St Paul's Institute, the Cathedral's agency that dialogues with the financial sector in the City of London.
On 11 February 2017, Selby was one of fourteen retired bishops to sign an open letter to the then-serving bishops of the Church of England. In an unprecedented move, they expressed their opposition to the House of Bishops' report to General Synod on sexuality, which recommended no change to the Church's canons or practises around sexuality. By 13 February, a serving bishop (Alan Wilson, Bishop of Buckingham) and nine further retired bishops had added their signatures; on 15 February, the report was rejected by synod.
Styles
The Reverend Peter Selby (1966–1975)
The Reverend Doctor Peter Selby (1975–1977)
The Reverend Canon Doctor Peter Selby (1977–1984)
The Right Reverend Doctor Peter Selby (1984–1992; 1997–present)
The Right Reverend Professor Peter Selby (1992–1997)
References
Bibliography
'Grace and Mortgage: Language of Faith and the Debt of the World', Peter Selby, Publ. Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd (1997)
'Rescue: Jesus and Salvation Today', Peter Selby, Publ. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (1996)
External links
Diocesan web page with photograph
No Anglican Covenant website
Bishops of Worcester
Bishops to HM Prisons
Bishops of Kingston
Non-diocesan Anglican bishops
20th-century Church of England bishops
21st-century Church of England bishops
English religious writers
1941 births
Living people
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
Alumni of King's College London
Academics of Durham University
English male non-fiction writers |
4037847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan%20St.%20Elizabeth%20Health | Franciscan St. Elizabeth Health | Franciscan Health Lafayette formerly called Franciscan St. Elizabeth Health is a member of the Franciscan Health hospital system. Formed in 1998, the organization owns and operates Franciscan Health Lafayette Central and Franciscan Health Lafayette East hospitals, both in Lafayette, Indiana, as well as Franciscan Health Crawfordsville. It formerly operated Lafayette Home Hospital until its closure in February 2010.
The organization is licensed by the Indiana State Board of Health and is a member of the Catholic Health Association of the United States, the Indiana Hospital Association and the American Hospital Association.
It previously operated as Greater Lafayette Health Services, Inc. (GLHS) and St. Elizabeth Regional Health.
Closures and new construction
SERH announced in late 2005 that it planned to construct a new 150-bed acute care hospital to be built along Creasy Road on the city's east side. Site preparation for the new facility began on October 13, 2006, and building construction began in spring 2007. Formerly named St. Elizabeth East, the facility opened February 25, 2010. More information is available at www.ste.org
References
Franciscan Health News Releases
Journal and Courier, October 12, 2006
External links
Franciscan Health Lafayette
Companies based in Indiana
Tippecanoe County, Indiana |
4037853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khara-Khoto | Khara-Khoto | Khara-Khoto (; ; "black city") is an abandoned city in the Ejin Banner of Alxa League in western Inner Mongolia, China, near the Juyan Lake Basin. Built in 1032, the city thrived under the rule of the Western Xia dynasty. It has been identified as the city of Etzina, which appears in The Travels of Marco Polo, and Ejin Banner is named after this city.
Name
Khara-Khoto is known by many names, including Hēichéng "black city", Tangut: /*zjɨ̱r²-nja̱¹/ "black water" (transcribed into Chinese as 亦集乃 Yijinai), Modern Mongolian Khar khot (Middle Mongol language: Khara Khoto, "black city") and to Chinese as Heishui City ( Hēishuǐchéng, "black water city").
History
The city was founded in 1032 and became a thriving center of Western Xia trade in the 11th century. There are remains of -high ramparts and -thick outer walls. The outer walls ran for some east-west by north-south.
The walled fortress was first taken by Genghis Khan in 1226, but—contrary to a widely circulated misunderstanding—the city continued to flourish under Mongol overlordship. During Kublai Khan's time, the city was expanded, reaching a size three times bigger than during the Western Xia dynasty. The Northern Yuan dynasty under Toghon Temür concentrated its preparation for the reconquest of the Central Plain at Khara-Khoto. The city was located on the crossroads connecting Karakorum, Shangdu and Kumul.
In The Travels of Marco Polo, Marco Polo describes a visit to a city called Etzina or Edzina, which has been identified with Khara-Khoto.
According to a legend of the local Torghut population, in 1372 a Mongol military general named Khara Bator was surrounded with his troops by the armies of the Ming dynasty. Diverting the Ejin River, the city's water source that flowed just outside the fortress, the Ming dynasty denied Khara-Khoto water for its gardens and wells. As time passed and Khara Bator realised his fate, he murdered his family and then himself. After his suicide, Khara Bator's soldiers waited within the fortress until Ming troops finally attacked and killed the remaining inhabitants. Another version of the legend holds that Khara Bator made a breach in the northwestern corner of the city wall and escaped through it. The remains of the city have a breach through which a rider can pass.
The defeat of the Mongols at Khara-Khoto is described in the Ming dynasty annals: "In the fifth year of Hungu (1372), General Feng Sheng and his army reached Edzina. The town's defender Buyan'temur surrendered, and Chinese troops reached the mountains of Bojiashan. The ruler of Yuan, Gyardzhipan', fled. His minister... and 27 others were captured, together with ten or more thousand head of horses and cattle." After the defeat, and also possibly due to real water shortage, the city was abandoned and left in ruins. Its exceedingly remote location preserved it from looters.
Exploration
Russian explorers Grigory Potanin and Vladimir Obruchev heard rumours that somewhere downstream the Ejin River an ancient city was waiting. This knowledge gave impetus to the Asian Museum, St. Petersburg, to launch a new Mongol-Sichuan expedition under the command of Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov.
However, Khara-Khoto was earlier discovered by a Buryat person called Tsokto Badmazhapov in the spring of 1907. Badmazhapov sent photographs and a handwritten description of Khara-khoto to the Geographical Society in St Petersburg. On May 1, 1908, during his 1907–1909 expedition to Central Asia, Kozlov arrived at Khara-Khoto and, with a dinner and gift of a gramophone to a local Torghut lord Dashi Beile, obtained permission to dig at the site. Over 2,000 books, scrolls and manuscripts in the Tangut language were uncovered. Kozlov initially sent ten chests of manuscripts and Buddhist objects to St. Petersburg, returning again in May 1909 for more objects. The books and woodcuts were found in June, while excavating a stupa outside city walls some westward.
Sir Aurel Stein excavated Khara-Khoto during his third Central Asian expedition from July 1913 to February 1916, surveying Khara-Khoto for eight days at the end of May 1914. The findings from this research was incorporated in chapter 13 of Stein's first volume of Innermost Asia.
Langdon Warner visited Khara-Khoto in 1925.
Folke Bergman first traveled to Khara-Khoto in 1927, returning in 1929 and staying for a year and a half in the area. He made maps of Khara-Khoto and the Ejin River area, surveyed watchtowers and fortresses, finding a large number of xylographs. Bergman noted that Kozlov's and Stein's visits were cursory and some of their published documentation was partially incorrect.
Sven Hedin and Xu Xusheng led the Sino-Swedish Expedition on archaeological excavations of the site between 1927–31. After Hedin, John DeFrancis visited in 1935.
Further Chinese excavations between 1983 and 1984 by Li Yiyou, Inner Mongolian Institute of Archaeology, have produced some 3,000 more manuscripts. In addition to books, these excavations unearthed building materials, daily items, production instruments and religious art. Satellite photos show that the site is currently being preserved.
Findings
Kozlov's findings, some 3,500 paintings and other objects, are in the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, while the books and xylographs are at the Institute of Oriental Studies. These fortunately survived the Siege of Leningrad and some of them were even lost until their rediscovery in 1991, forming the basis for research of the Tangut language, written in Tangut script in subsequent years. The books and manuscripts sent back to St. Petersburg by Kozlov were studied by Aleksei Ivanovich Ivanov, who identified several Tangut dictionaries, including a Chinese-Tangut glossary titled Pearl in the Palm (), compiled in 1190.
In addition to written artifacts, the Khara-Khoto collection in the Hermitage Museum includes paintings on silk, mainly of Buddhist subjects in Chinese and Tibetan styles. In addition, batik-dyed silk fragments have also been found. A small mud wall painting fragment confirms use of cobalt as a pigment in the form of smalt.
According to Hermitage curator Kira Samosyuk, "Most of the paintings in the collection date from the eleventh through thirteenth centuries, while the majority of the fragments of porcelain with cobalt decorative glazing are from the fourteenth century. No painting is of a later date than 1378–1387; no Chinese text – later than 1371; no Tangut text – later than 1212. So it seems that the life of the town ceased sometime around 1380."
One of the puzzles of Khara-Khoto is that there was one building just outside the castle walls. Judging by its shape, it seems to be a mosque. It seems there were Muslims among the people that were ruled by the Tangut. Due to the polytheistic belief of the local people, the Muslims built their mosques outside. Traders from India and the further west would have prayed in the mosque and found relief after their arduous journey along the Silk Road
Footnotes
Further reading
External links
Pictures of Khara-Khoto
Paintings from Khara Khoto
Western Xia
Western Xia architecture
Archaeological sites in China
Chinese architectural history
Tangut history
Former populated places in China
Sites along the Silk Road
1032 establishments in Asia |
Subsets and Splits