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4038439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20American%20Masters%20Tournament%20%28defunct%29 | North American Masters Tournament (defunct) | The North American Masters Tournament is a Go competition.
Outline
The North American Masters Tournament is a tournament held in North America where players in America competed. It was the first professional Go tournament to be held in North America and is unusual in that it is mostly played over the internet.
Past winners
Go competitions in North America |
4038449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ear%2C%20the%20Eye%20and%20the%20Arm | The Ear, the Eye and the Arm | The Ear, the Eye, and the Arm is a children's science fiction novel by Nancy Farmer. It was awarded a Newbery Honor. The novel is set in Zimbabwe in the year 2194, with a strong theme of Afrofuturism.
Combining elements of science fiction and African culture, the book depicts the struggle of a notorious general's three children to escape from their kidnappers in the technologically advanced and crime-infested capital of Zimbabwe.
Plot
In Zimbabwe in the year 2194, Chief of Security General Matsika leads a battle against the gangs which terrorize the nation. His three children, Tendai, Rita, and Kuda, are kept in a fortified mansion to ensure their security. Seeking adventure to earn the Scout Badge, they escape the house with the help of the Mellower, a praise singer employed by their parents. The children then find themselves in the busy streets of Mbare Musika, where they are kidnapped and taken to Dead Man's Vlei, the lair of the She Elephant, a child trafficker. There, they are forced to work in the plastic mines. Their parents enlist the help of the Ear, the Eye, and the Arm, three mutant detectives. Ear has super-sensitive hearing; Eye has hawk-like vision; Arm has empathic powers which allow him to sense others' feelings and see into their souls.
Tendai realizes that the She Elephant is planning to sell them to the Masks, a gang who have evaded General Matsika's efforts to combat crime. The siblings escape to Resthaven, an independent country within Zimbabwe which aims to retain traditional African culture. Eventually, the children are banished from Resthaven.
The children seek help from the Mellower's mother, Mrs. Horsepool-Worthingham, who takes them into her care. Tendai discovers that the Mellower's mother is holding them for ransom. The She Elephant again captures the children and takes them to one of the Masks' secret lairs. The Masks take the children to the Mile-High MacIlwaine, a skyscraper which houses the Gondwannan Embassy, the real headquarters of the Masks.
While the Masks attempt to sacrifice Tendai to their gods, Arm is possessed by a mhondoro, a holy and legendary spirit of the land, who helps him to find the children. When Arm is knocked out, the mhondoro helps Tendai and his friends to incapacitate the Big-Head Mask, a manifestation of a Gondwannan god. When the children's parents arrive, the She Elephant crushes the Mask, and the mhondoro revives Arm. The gang is destroyed and their stolen wealth is redistributed among the poor. The children reunite with their parents, and General Matsika allows his children to have freedom.
Reception
Kirkus Reviews found that "Farmer has created a splendidly imaginative fantasy", while Publishers Weekly wrote "Farmer uses her knowledge of Africa to imagine a city in 23rd-century Zimbabwe, combining old traditions and speculative technology with delightfully entertaining results", and concluded "Farmer is emerging as one of the best and brightest authors for the YA audience".
References
1994 American novels
Novels set in the 22nd century
Newbery Honor-winning works
Novels by Nancy Farmer
Novels set in Zimbabwe
1994 science fiction novels
Children's science fiction novels
American science fiction novels
American children's novels
1994 children's books
Orchard Books books |
4038453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marieta%20Ilcu | Marieta Ilcu | Marieta Ilcu (born October 16, 1962 in Darabani, Botoşani) is a retired Romanian long jumper. In 1989 she won a silver medal at the World Indoor Championships, and jumped 7.08 metres in June. This would remain her personal best. In 1993 she celebrated her greatest sporting triumph as she won the World Indoor Championships.
Achievements
External links
1962 births
Living people
People from Darabani
Romanian female long jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Romania
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade gold medalists for Romania
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
Medalists at the 1987 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1985 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1989 Summer Universiade |
4038464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie%20Jackson | Willie Jackson | Willie Jackson may refer to:
Willie Jackson (American football) (born 1971), former NFL wide receiver
Willie Jackson (basketball) (born 1962), American former basketball player
Willie Jackson (footballer) (1900–1986), Scottish footballer
Willie Jackson (politician) (born 1961), New Zealand broadcaster and Member of Parliament
New Orleans Willie Jackson, 1920s New Orleans Jazz Singer
William Kilgour "Willie" Jackson (1871–1955), Scottish curler
See also
William Jackson (disambiguation)
Will Jackson (disambiguation)
Bill Jackson (disambiguation) |
4038471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnogorsky | Krasnogorsky | Krasnogorsky (masculine), Krasnogorskaya (feminine), or Krasnogorskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Krasnogorsky District, several districts and city districts in Russia
Krasnogorsky Urban Settlement (or Krasnogorskoye Urban Settlement), several municipal urban settlements in Russia
Krasnogorsky (inhabited locality) (Krasnogorskaya, Krasnogorskoye), several inhabited localities in Russia
See also
Krasnogorsk (disambiguation)
Krasnaya Gora
Krasnogorsky Zavod, an optical and photography equipment factory in Moscow Oblast, Russia |
4038475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 1993 French Open – Women's singles | Steffi Graf defeated Mary Joe Fernández in the final, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1993 French Open. With the win, Graf recaptured the world No. 1 ranking. It was also Fernández' third and last appearance in a major singles final.
Monica Seles was the three-time defending champion, but she was unable to compete due to being stabbed the previous month.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
1993 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
1993 in women's tennis
1993 in French women's sport |
4038500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochil%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 | Ochil (UK Parliament constituency) | Ochil was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1997 until 2005. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP by the first-past-the-post voting system.
It replaced the former constituency of Clackmannan. In 2005 it was mostly merged into the new constituency of Ochil and South Perthshire. A western portion was merged into Stirling.
Boundaries
Clackmannan District, the Stirling District electoral divisions of Airthrey and Cairseland, and the Perth and Kinross District electoral division of Kinross.
The constituency included Alloa, Clackmannan, Tillicoultry, Dollar and Kinross. It covered Clackmannanshire and small portions of Stirlingshire and Perth and Kinross.
Members of Parliament
Election results
Elections in the 1990s
References
Historic parliamentary constituencies in Scotland (Westminster)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1997
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 2005
Politics of Clackmannanshire |
4038502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Murray | Tom Murray | Tom Murray may refer to:
Sports
Association football
Tom Murray (footballer, born 1889), English footballer
Tommy Murray (footballer, born January 1933), Scottish football outside right for Falkirk, Queen of the South, Leeds and Tranmere
Tommy Murray (footballer, born February 1933), Scottish football inside forward for Darlington, St. Johnstone, Alloa, Albion Rovers and Stranraer
Tommy Murray (footballer, born 1943), Scottish footballer
Other sports
Tom Murray (baseball) (1866–?), Major League Baseball pitcher
Tom Murray (curler) (1877–1944), Scottish winner of the Olympic Gold medal in curling at the inaugural Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France
Tom Murray (golfer) (born 1990), English golfer
Tom Murray (American rower) (born 1969), American rower
Tom Murray (New Zealand rower) (born 1994), New Zealand rower
Tommy Murray (ice hockey) (1893–1963), American ice hockey goalie
Others
Tom Murray (musician), drummer for The Litter
Tom Murray (actor) (1874–1935), American silent-era actor
Tom J. Murray (1894–1971), American politician
See also
Thomas Murray (disambiguation) |
4038507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-Training | In-Training | in-Training is an online peer-reviewed publication for medical students.
It was founded on April 5, 2012 by Ajay Major and Aleena Paul, two medical students at Albany Medical College, as the first online publication in the United States that is written, edited, and produced entirely by medical students.
in-Training identifies itself as "the agora of the medical student community" and strives to be the intellectual center for news, commentary, and the free expression of the medical student voice. in-Training is edited and managed entirely by an independent editorial board of over 40 volunteer, unpaid medical students.
in-Training publishes a wide array of written content generated by medical students, as well as artistic works. Content is published continuously throughout the year in a blog format on the magazine’s website, in-training.org.
in-Training published a print book entitled in-Training: Stories from Tomorrow's Physicians on April 29, 2016. The book is a compendium of 102 articles originally published on in-Training accompanied by discussion questions.
in-Training published its 1000th article on September 18, 2016, representing 450 medical student authors at 152 medical schools in 19 countries.
History
The inception of in-Training began in April 2012 with a niche analysis of medical student publishing, which revealed an absence of peer-managed publications that were dedicated to the medical student community. Following the development of an editorial structure and peer-editing workflow, publication bylaws, ethical guidelines, and consultation with legal experts, the publication went live at in-training.org on July 2, 2012.
In an interview with the Scientific American Incubator, founders Ajay Major and Aleena Paul explained their vision in founding in-Training:"With in-Training, we recognized the need for a proper forum for medical students to showcase their literary and artistic endeavors. in-Training seeks to meet a dire need for a communal gathering place for medical students. We are the agora of the medical student community, and as such, we strive to publish innovative thought in the arts, politics, science, and literature. We provide a virtual forum for medical students to participate in the shared experience of being a physician-in-training and to learn from the reflections and wisdom of their peers."The publication was specifically founded as a peer-edited and peer-managed publication "by medical students and for medical students" in order to "provide medical students with a place to express themselves in a way that was unfiltered and uncensored." In addition, the publication was founded upon several core principals, including no anonymous authors with all authors identified, an open-access publication without subscriptions, no advertisements, and no copyrighting of articles, with all copyrights retained by authors.
One year after its founding in the summer of 2013, editors-in-chief Ajay Major and Aleena Paul retooled the publication as a magazine focused on publishing narratives and reflection articles, and also released a new mission statement for the publication that focused on in-Training as a virtual platform that facilitated self-reflection, community and collaboration among medical students on the global stage.
Editor-in-chief and founder Ajay Major explained the rationale for this change in the in-Training mission in an interview:"...when we went live, we got a huge onslaught of articles in the realm of humanism in medicine: talking about the first day in gross dissection, the first patient dying, or the stresses of having a family in medical school. We found that we had built a publication that reached out to this medical student audience that so desperately wanted to write."It was at that time that in-Training gained its identity as an "organic" publication that would evolve over time to meeting the changing needs of the medical student community.
With the publication of "A Lack of Care: Why Medical Students Should Focus on Ferguson" by a medical student at Alpert Medical School in December 2014, which was featured in a Stanford Medicine X talk in 2015 about the article's role in unifying the White Coats 4 Black Lives movement, in-Training began to evolve as a publication. Throughout 2015 to 2016, editors-in-chief Joseph Ladowski and Vikas Bhatt focused increasingly on publishing articles on social justice, politics, and health policy, including a series of articles on the Flint water crisis and controversy surrounding the USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills exam.
In January 2015, in-Training launched the Writers-in-Training Program, a year-long intensive writing internship for medical students with one-on-one mentorship from the medical student editors. The internship has enrolled cohorts for 2015, 2016 and 2017.
Content
in-Training currently produces content in the following sections: opinion ('Opinion'), reflections from the preclinical years ('Preclinical'), news ('News'), patient stories and narratives from the clinical years ('From the Wards'), technology ('Tech'), interviews with physicians ('Doctor's Orders'), guest contributors ('Consults'). The magazine also publishes artistic works, including traditional and digital art, audio and video ('Off the Shelf').
The magazine identifies itself as an “organic" publication that changes over time to meet the needs of the medical student community. (sci am, wing of zock) As stated by the founders Ajay Major and Aleena Paul in their Scientific American Incubator interview:At its inception, we embraced that in-Training would be an organic publication that advanced with the changing perspectives and passions of the medical student community. We imagine that the body of knowledge hosted on in-Training represents a sort of ‘institutional memory’ of the medical student community, a notion that requires us to be malleable and acutely aware of the shifting needs of medical students.in-Training has published 40 columns written by medical students. in-Training has produced three podcast series which are syndicated on iTunes and is a founding member of The Vocalis Podcast Network, a network of podcasts for medical students. in-Training articles are also syndicated on Student Doctor Network.
in-Training publishes an annual Mental Health Week issue, which first began in June 2015 and continued in 2016 and 2017.
Editorial Board and Workflow
in-Training is edited and managed entirely by an independent editorial board of over 40 volunteer, unpaid medical students. The publication is led by two editors-in-chief, who approve all content prior to publication. All articles published on in-Training undergo peer-review by at least two medical student editors prior to publication.
The former and present editors-in-chief of in-Training are as follows: founders Ajay Major and Aleena Paul from Albany Medical College (2012-2016); Vikas Bhatt from Drexel University College of Medicine and Joseph Ladowski from Indiana University School of Medicine (2015-2017); and Andrew Kadlec at Medical College of Wisconsin and Ria Pal from University of Rochester Medical Center (2016–present).
in-Training: Stories from Tomorrow's Physicians
On April 29, 2016, in-Training published a book entitled in-Training: Stories from Tomorrow's Physicians, a print collection of 102 manuscripts originally published on in-Training since 2012.
The book was marketed as “a compendium of peer-edited narratives written by medical students on humanism, our real-life patients, and the challenges of being a physician-in-training.”
The book was designed as a resource guide for medical students and educators interested in the medical humanities, with each manuscript being accompanied by discussion questions written by the medical student editors of in-Training. The collection was curated and edited by Ajay Major and Aleena Paul, the founders of in-Training.
The book has been reviewed by The British Medical Journal, The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, Durham University Centre for Medical Humanities, Student Doctor Network, and Clinical Correlations: The NYU Langone Online Journal of Medicine.
The publisher of the book is Pager Publications, Inc., a 501c3 nonprofit literary corporation founded in 2015 by Ajay Major and Aleena Paul.
Awards
in-Training is a winner of the Summer/Fall 2014 and Fall 2015 Digital Health Awards, a competition that recognizes high-quality digital health resources for consumers and health professionals.
Founder and editor-in-chief Ajay Major was the winner of the MedTech Boston "40 Under 40 Healthcare Innovators of 2015" for his work with in-Training.
Funding
in-Training is currently funded by Pager Publications, Inc., a 501c3 nonprofit literary corporation that curates and supports peer-edited publications for the medical education community. Website hosting costs for the 2014, 2015 and 2016 calendar years were funded by a gift from the Albany Medical College Alumni Association.
References
External links
Albany Medical College
Online magazines published in the United States
Student magazines published in the United States
Medical magazines
Magazines established in 2012
ISSN needed
Magazines published in New York (state)
Mass media in Albany, New York |
4038517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Truesdell%20Peck | Jesse Truesdell Peck | Jesse Truesdell Peck (April 4, 1811 – May 17, 1883) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1872.
Birth and family
He was born on April 4, 1811, in Middlefield Center, Otsego County, New York. His family was of English heritage, traceable back to the 15th century and known in heraldry. Henry Peck came to America in 1637. Jesse Peck's grandfather, also named Jesse, died in Washington's army. Jesse Peck's father, Luther, was a blacksmith and lifelong class leader, whose five sons (of whom Jesse T. was the youngest) all became Methodist preachers. The trend in his family toward the Methodist ministry led his great-nephew, Stephen Crane, to say: "Upon my mother's side, everyone in my family became a Methodist clergyman as soon as they could walk, the ambling-nag, saddlebag, exhorting kind."
Ordained ministry
Peck was converted to the Christian faith at the age of 16. He sensed a call to preach almost immediately. He entered the traveling ministry as a circuit rider of the Oneida Annual Conference of the M.E. Church in 1832. He was ordained by bishops Elijah Hedding and Beverly Waugh. Prior to his election to the episcopacy, Peck served as a pastor and a presiding elder. As a bishop, he was a delegate to the First Ecumenical Conference, 1881.
Presidency at Dickinson
In 1848, he was elected the tenth president of Dickinson College, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. During his presidency, Peck was unpopular with the students. In one student prank, he was detained in an insane asylum in Staunton, Virginia, where he had traveled for a church conference. Students locked Peck in a railroad boxcar overnight and another time, shot, and killed, his dog. On top of all of these problems with the students, Peck proved to be an inadequate fundraiser for the college; in June 1851, he announced his intention to leave the institution the following year, citing his belief that he was ill-suited to the tasks associated with the job. In July 1852, he gave the address to the graduating class, entitled God in Education.
Syracuse University
Though not a college graduate himself, Peck was prominent in the beginnings of Syracuse University, serving as the first chairman of its board of trustees. He developed what became, in effect, the university's first master plan: a scheme for the construction of seven buildings on land donated by George F. Comstock, also a member of the Board. Each building was to be dedicated to a different academic discipline. Peck's vision for the new campus was one of stylistic eclecticism; on one occasion declaring that the new university should "demonstrate the perfect harmony and indissoluble oneness of all that is valuable in the old and the new." The first building completed under this plan was the Hall of Languages, built at the summit of University Avenue in Syracuse. Nationally renowned architect Horatio Nelson White was the designer of this French Second Empire structure.
Peck died May 17, 1883, in Syracuse and is buried there in the Oakwood Cemetery.
Selected writings
Sermon: Talent, in Clark, D.W., The Methodist Pulpit, 1897.
The Central Idea of Christianity, 1857. Also, revised, 1876 and later. Also Chapter V of this book a pamphlet with the same topic, 1902.
The True Woman, 1857.
What Must I Do to Be Saved?, 1858.
Sermon: The Life Battle, in The New York Pulpit in the Revival of 1858, A Memorial Volume.
Address: Centenary Conv., Boston, 1866, Proceedings.
History of the Great Republic, 1868.
Biography of Mary Brison, in Our Excellent Women, pub. by James Miller, 1872.
Addresses State Convs, N.J., 1870, political; N.Y., 1870, Public Schools, N.Y., 1871, Political Reform.
Sermon in Fraternal Camp-Meeting Sermons, Round Lake, 1875.
Reader of the Address published by the First Ecumenical Methodist Conference, City Road, London, 1881. The preparation of the paper was largely in his hands.
Biographies
Peck, Rev. J.K., Luther Peck and His Five Sons, 1897.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
Syracuse University
Mary Helen Peck Crane
References
Notes
Bibliography
Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops. Nashville, The Methodist Publishing House, 1948.
American Methodist bishops
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
Presidents of Dickinson College
American theologians
1811 births
1883 deaths
Religious leaders from Syracuse, New York
American sermon writers
Burials at Oakwood Cemetery (Syracuse, New York)
Methodist circuit riders
19th-century American clergy
Syracuse University trustees |
4038519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Company%20%28comics%29 | Bad Company (comics) | Bad Company is a comic book concept initially created for British comics anthology 2000 AD by Alan Grant and John Wagner. According to Peter Milligan "Originally Bad Company had been devised as part of the Dredd mythos, featuring a Judge who had turned bad and been shipped off to a prison colony on Titan, one of Saturn's moons". Milligan, along with regular collaborators Brett Ewins and Jim McCarthy, dropped all aspects of the original concept, keeping only a team of new recruits facing an inhospitable planet and enemy. They first appeared in their self-titled strip in 2000 AD prog 500 (December 13, 1986).
Plot
Humanity is at war with a strange alien species known as the Krool. Young soldier Danny Franks is fighting on the planet Ararat, recruited by the renegades known as Bad Company after the destruction of his own platoon. As their name might suggest this is no ordinary group of soldiers; instead they are a collection of freaks and maniacs led by Kano, a Frankenstein's monster-like character with a secret kept in a little box.
The Krool
The Krool are an alien species that serve as the main foe in Bad Company. They are led by a being known as the "Krool Heart" on the unnamed Krool Home Planet. The "Krool Heart" controls the Krool race via its vast psychic mind. Whatever the heart thinks, the mind will obey.
The Krool have the technology to create "War Zombies", hybrids and other such monstrosities. Due to their sadistic behaviour, they have also created machines to extract the "soul" out of their human prisoners. They have also been known to employ sadistic brainwashed human captives as guards.
The Krool were ultimately responsible for creating Bad Company and their leader when they took half a human brain and inserted it into a Krool and vice versa thus creating the Krool-hybrid. In conversation between Mad Tommy and Danny Franks Tommy explains that the Krool have reached their evolutionary limit, while Humanity (specifically the two races' brains) are only using a fraction of their potential. This leads the Krool hybrid to lapse into insanity while Kano's human brain assumes dominance over the implanted Krool half-brain.
The Ararat War
The Ararat War was a war waged against Humanity. The Krool wanted to capture Ararat to add to their already extensive empire whereas the Earth elite needed it to evacuate to as Earth was on the verge of being destroyed by ecological catastrophe. They employed their "War Zombies" to attack the front line's defences. They finished off the survivors personally. Officially, the war ended when Ararat exploded but unofficially, the war continued on the Ghetto Planets, led by the remnants of Humanity who had survived the destruction of Earth.
Aftermath of the war
The second incarnation of Bad Company, now led by Danny Franks & consisting of the last Protoid (an alien shapeshifter) in existence, Sheeva a "Boom Baby", (genetically enhanced, and with the ability "...to make atoms dance...",) De Racine, one of the "Earth Elite" and a masochist called Rackman, track down a monster terrorizing the Ghetto Planets whilst looking for Kano, unaware that the two are one and the same. After finding and recruiting Kano, they use Protoids chameleon ship to head to the Krool Homeworld undetected in order to destroy the Krool once and for all. Sheeva, Rackman, De Racine and Protoid are killed, but the alien is revealed to have been a puppet of the true Protoid – the chameleon ship – who is trying to merge and replace the new Krool Heart. Instead, Danny takes the place of the Krool Heart, and Protoid is defeated. Afterwards, Danny/The Krool Heart allows the survivors and prisoners to leave the planet promising to make the Krool more passive, it being revealed that the sadistic excesses of the Krool had been due to the corruption and decadence of the old Krool Heart.
A few years later, Kano returns to the Krool Homeworld with a further incarnation of Bad Company. After a long battle, Kano and Bad Company managed to free Danny. As they leave, Kano elects to stay to continue fighting the Krool.
Characters
Danny Franks – a naive young soldier whose story we follow as he gets broken and broken in. He narrates the story through his diary. He later becomes the leader of Bad Company when Kano is thought dead.
Mac – A member of the same battalion as Danny, who joins Bad Company at the same time.
Trucker – Another member of Danny's battalion.
Kano – the leader of Bad Company, who has had half his human brain replaced with a Krool half. For a time he keeps this fact a secret, and does not hesitate to kill those who might discover it, even his own men.
Mad Tommy Churchill – a soldier who believes himself to be a British soldier fighting in World War II. This is later revealed to be a pretence: Tommy knows Kano's secret, and feigned insanity to appear harmless.
Thrax – a cadaverous and unpleasant figure, who often expresses mistrust at Kano's leadership abilities.
Wallbanger – the company's war robot, who as well as being a heavily armed fighter, is also the group's medic, scientist, food synthesizer and chef.
Malcolm – one of the few members of the company to treat Danny in a friendly manner, and perhaps the most human.
Dogbrain – a man whose brain has been replaced with that of a dog by the Krool.
Flytrap – having lost his arm, he replaced it with a carnivorous Ararat plant. This makes him sensitive to changes in the Ararat environment.
Gobber – a native of Ararat. He acts as the company's guide. He also has the ability to spit a substance like "unbreakable chewing gum".
Shrike – Companion of Thrax – resembles a voodoo-style witch-doctor in appearance.
Joe Scummer – Member of Bad Company. The first to try to open Kano's box.
Stitches – Bad Company member with heavy facial scarring, hence his nickname.
Bibliography
They have only appeared in their own strip:
"Bad Company" (with Peter Milligan; Pencils: Brett Ewins; Inks: Jim McCarthy, in 2000 AD #500-519, 1986–1987)
"The Bewilderness" (with Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy, in 2000 AD #548-557, 1987–1988)
"Young Men Marching" (with Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy, in 2000AD Annual 1989, 1988)
"The Krool Heart" (with Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy, in 2000 AD #576-585, 1988)
"Simply" (with Peter Milligan; Pencils: Brett Ewins; Inks: Steve Dillon, in 2000 AD #601, 1988)
"Ararat" (with Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy, in 2000 AD Annual 1990, 1989)
"Kano" (with Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy, in 2000 AD #828-837, 1993)
"Down Among the Dead Men" (with Peter Milligan; Pencils: Brett Ewins; Inks: Jim McCarthy, in 2000AD Annual 2001, 2000)
"Bad Company" (with Peter Milligan; Pencils: Brett Ewins; Inks: Jim McCarthy, in 2000 AD prog 2002 and #1273-1277, 2001–2002)
"B.A.D. Company" (with Alan Grant/John Wagner and Carlos Ezquerra, in Judge Dredd Megazine 24 Sept, 2002)
"First Casualties" (with Peter Milligan, Rufus Dayglo, in 2000 AD #1950–1961, 2015)
"Terrorists" (with Peter Milligan, Rufus Dayglo, in 2000 AD #2061-2072, 2017–2018)
Collections
Titan Books released at least four collections between 1987 and 1988:
Bad Company Book One (Titan Books, 1987, ) by Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy/Tom Frame
Bad Company Book Two (Titan Books, 1987, ) Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy/Tom Frame
Bad Company Book Three the Bewilderness (Titan Books, 1988, ) Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy/Tom Frame
Bad Company Book Four the Krool Heart (Titan Books, 1988, ) Peter Milligan, Brett Ewins/Jim McCarthy/Tom Frame
The more recent Rebellion collections have included:
Bad Company: Goodbye, Krool World (Rebellion, 2005, ) consisting of reprints of the more popular strips from the 1980s.
The Complete Bad Company (Rebellion, 2011, ) containing all the strips from 1986 to 2002.
Bad Company: First Casualties (Rebellion, 2016, ) reprinting the first new Bad Company strip since 2002.
References
External links
Review of Goodbye Krool World
The characters of Bad Company at International Hero
1986 in comics
2005 books
2000 AD comic strips
2000 AD characters
Comics by Peter Milligan
Military science fiction comics
Fictional organizations in comics |
4038521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens%20Boden | Jens Boden | Jens Boden (born August 29, 1978 in Dresden) is a German speed skater, who won the bronze medal in the 5000 metres at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
External links
Photos of Jens Boden
1978 births
Living people
German male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters of Germany
Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Dresden |
4038532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugazi%20%28EP%29 | Fugazi (EP) | Fugazi, also officially referred to as 7 Songs, is the first, eponymous EP by the American post-hardcore band of the same name. Unlike all other Fugazi releases, Guy Picciotto did not contribute guitar to this record; all guitar was performed by Ian MacKaye. It was originally recorded in June 1988 and released in November 1988 on vinyl and again in 1989 on the compilation release 13 Songs along with the following EP Margin Walker. The photo used for the album cover was taken on June 30, 1988 at Maxwell's in Hoboken, New Jersey.
Content
The release features "Waiting Room" which is often seen as the band's most well-known song, notorious for "the attention-getting drop into silence that occurs at the 22-second mark," as well as for its "relentless ska/reggae-inflected drive", and "Suggestion", a "Meters-meets-Ruts thrust."
Reception
The band's entry in the Trouser Press record guide, written by Ian McCaleb, Ira Robbins and Mike Fournier, calls the EP an "impressive debut" which "blends a classic DC-core sensibility with a mature, objective outlook and crisply produced mid-tempo songs that are dynamic, aggressive and accessible." They write that MacKaye and Picciotto "trade raw emotionalism for an introspective, almost poetic vision, using abstractions in strongly structured compositions like “Bulldog Front” and “Give Me the Cure,” a contemplation on death." Andy Kellman of AllMusic calls the EP "excellent".
Legacy
Accolades
In 2018, Pitchfork ranked the EP at #45 on their list of "The 200 Best Albums of the 1980s", with Evan Rytlewski writing that while the band "would go on to release hours of the most inventive post-hardcore ever, [...] they never recorded anything else so instantly gratifying."
Influence
According to Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, the band would regularly listen to cassettes of the Fugazi EP and Nirvana's Bleach whilst on tour.
"Waiting Room" has been covered by a wide range of musicians since the EP's release. Tropical Fuck Storm covered "Burning" live. Prong covered "Give Me the Cure". Pearl Jam covered "Suggestion" in various concerts in the early 1990s, usually as a tag to another song or an improvised jam. The track was also covered by Jonah Matranga and Taina Asili (in collaboration with the Nuyorican hip-hop/punk band Ricanstruction).
Track listing
Personnel
Ian MacKaye – vocals, guitar
Guy Picciotto – vocals
Joe Lally – bass
Brendan Canty – drums
References
Fugazi EPs
1988 debut EPs
Dischord Records EPs
Albums produced by Ted Niceley
Albums produced by Ian MacKaye |
4038539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria%20Stadium | Alexandria Stadium | Alexandria Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in the Moharram Bey district of Alexandria, Egypt. Built in 1929 by King Fouad I, it is considered the oldest stadium in Egypt and all of Africa. Alexandria stadium now holds over 20,000 people after the remodeling and renovations in 2016–2017.
The stadium hosts the Al-Ittihad football team and has been the scene of many international tournaments, including the inaugural of the 1951 Mediterranean Games. It was a venue for the 1986 African Cup of Nations and the 2006 African Cup of Nations editions, and hosted the Group B matches during the 2019 African Cup of Nations.
Architecture
The stadium was designed by Russian architect Vladimir Nicohosov, who was influenced by Islamic architecture.
2019 Africa Cup of Nations
The stadium was one of the venues for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations. The following games were played at the stadium:
Gallery
References
External links
Alexandria Stadium
See also
Borg El Arab Stadium
Haras El Hodoud Stadium
Sports in Alexandria
Football venues in Egypt
Multi-purpose stadiums in Egypt
Sports venues in Alexandria
Sports venues completed in 1929
1929 establishments in Egypt
2019 Africa Cup of Nations stadiums |
4038545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haras%20El%20Hodoud%20Stadium | Haras El Hodoud Stadium | Haras El-Hodood Stadium (Border Guard Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Alexandria, Egypt. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and was used for the 2006 African Cup of Nations. The stadium holds 22,000 people. The pitch is surrounded by an athletics track, notable for being rectangular in shape & therefore having 90 degrees corners, rather than the conventional curve.
The stadium is home to Haras El-Hodood and El Raja Marsa Matruh.
See also
Alexandria Stadium
Borg El Arab Stadium
Sports in Alexandria
Football venues in Egypt
Multi-purpose stadiums in Egypt
Sports venues in Alexandria |
4038553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Merritt | Tom Merritt | Thomas Andrew Merritt (born June 28, 1970) is an American technology journalist, writer, and broadcaster best known as the host of several podcasts. He is the former co-host of Tech News Today on the TWiT.tv Network, and was previously an Executive Editor for CNET and developer and co-host of the daily podcast Buzz Out Loud. He currently hosts Daily Tech News Show, Cordkillers, and Sword and Laser, among other shows.
Personal life
Merritt is married to Eileen Rivera and they live in Los Angeles, California, with their dogs Sawyer and Rey (another dog, Jango, died of natural causes on January 25, 2017), and formerly lived in Marin County and Oakland. Merritt is a fan of Major League Baseball's St. Louis Cardinals.
Early life
Merritt was born in Greenville, Illinois, to a food scientist father who worked on the Coffee-Mate project. Merritt received a BS in journalism from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and pursued graduate work in communications at the University of Texas at Austin.
Career
Merritt's career in radio began in 1986 as a DJ for WGEL, a country music station located in Greenville, Illinois. In 1993, he worked as an intern for National Public Radio's Morning Edition. From 1999 to 2004 Merritt worked for TechTV in San Francisco as an Executive Web Producer and served as a radio host with TechTV until 2003.
CNET
Merritt started with CNET in 2004. In addition to his duties as co-host of Buzz Out Loud with Molly Wood, Merritt also had a regular column and podcast (co-hosted with Rafe Needleman) dealing with consumer technology. He also co-hosted the tech support call-in program CNET Live with fellow editor Brian Cooley, and was the host of CNET Top 5.
On April 16, 2010, Merritt announced he would be stepping down as co-host of Buzz Out Loud, and that he would be joining the TWiT. Network as a full-time daily host beginning June 1, 2010. During his last Buzz Out Loud episode on May 14, 2010 he announced that his main focus at TWiT would be a new daily show, Tech News Today.
TWiT Network
Prior to joining TWiT as an employee, Merritt had a long-standing working relationship with former TechTV colleague Leo Laporte's network having regularly appeared on This Week in Tech as either a guest or as a relief host. His independent general discussion podcast with Roger Chang, East Meets West, also featured on TWiT Live.
Tech News Today launched on June 1, 2010. Merritt was a regular host along with Sarah Lane, Iyaz Akhtar, and Jason Howell.
Upon joining TWiT, Merritt brought with him two shows previously produced by cartoonist Scott Johnson's Frogpants Studios. Originally started on July 7, 2009, Fourcast featured Merritt and Johnson inviting various guests to discuss the future and what it might contain in a so-called virtual fireside setting. Meanwhile, Current Geek Weekly is a weekly discussion of geek culture stories and the companion podcast to the Current Geek podcasts still produced by Frogpants Studios. Merritt still appeared on the Frogpants Network for a segment called Tom's Tech Time on Wednesdays on the Scott Johnson/Brian Ibbott-hosted podcast The Morning Stream.
On November 10, 2010, Merritt officially launched his second new show on TWiT, FrameRate. Focusing on video in its many and varied forms (television, film, internet), Merritt co-hosted the show with magician and NSFW podcast host Brian Brushwood.
On January 20, 2011, TWiT officially launched Triangulation, a new show Merritt co-hosting with Leo Laporte and interviewing a notable figure in technology. In July 2012 he stopped co-hosting the show because he "wanted to work on other projects."
In addition to these regular shows, Merritt hosted live breaking news coverage of major technology events on TWiT's live stream such as WWDC, Google I/O, and the resignation and passing of Steve Jobs. These ware later released as TWiT Live Specials podcasts. He has acted as a relief host for Laporte on TWiT, Windows Weekly, Security Now and other shows when Laporte has been unavailable.
On October 22, 2012, Merritt announced that he would be moving to Los Angeles to accommodate his wife's new employment at YouTube, but would still continue to present on the TWiT network over Skype.
On December 5, 2013, Leo Laporte announced that Merritt's contract would not be renewed, stating that the decision was based on the need for an in-studio anchor for Tech News Today. Merritt hosted his last edition on December 30, 2013.
Freelance Podcasts
Since February 4, 2008, Merritt has hosted Sword & Laser, a sci-fi and fantasy book club podcast, co-hosted with his former CNET colleague, Veronica Belmont.
On June 22, 2010, he launched a new show for Tom's Top 5, originally for Revision3, the show counted down a new Top 5 list every week released on Tuesday until November 1, 2011. He then did a similar show "CNET Top 5" and now for TechRepublic (part of CNET).
Merritt appeared in two early episodes of his Frame Rate co-host Brian Brushwood's Revision3 show Scam School.
On March 3, 2013, Merritt and Molly Wood began the It's a Thing podcast described on the as "It’s a Thing is a show grown from the brain of Molly Wood, derived from a regular segment on the CNET podcast Gadgettes. Tom and Molly started the hit podcast “Buzz Out Loud” which they co-hosted for years after the turn of the century. They missed doing shows together, so they decided that in itself, should become a thing. Again."
In early January 2014, following his departure from TWiT, Merritt began co-hosting a podcast with Brian Brushwood called Cordkillers, while also starting a new podcast Daily Tech News Show (DTNS).
His main projects currently are Daily Tech News Show, Cordkillers, Sword and Laser, CurrentGeek! and It’s a Thing.
Books
Merritt has written several books, mostly sci-fi novels, including Boiling Point. which he later narrated it as an audiobook. this describes a near future United States civil war and United Moon Colonies in 2006, of which he posted chapters on his blog. Both of these were published on Lulu.com with a Creative Commons license.
Foxconn
In 2012, newspapers reported calls by consumer groups to boycott Apple products in response to accounts of worker suicides and dangerous working conditions at the Foxconn plant in China. Merritt, who has followed tech news since 2005, responded by saying "Boycotts of Apple might be good to nudge Apple into doing something to improve conditions, but, you're going to have to boycott buying electronics if you really wanted to punish China. I'm not sure that that's called for, necessarily."
Citing a Forbes infographic showing Foxconn with, reportedly, fewer suicides per million workers (18) than the number of suicides per million Chinese citizens (220), Merritt suggested it might be worth investigating whether the lower rate at Foxconn may be due to "the fact that people who are gainfully employed are in some way less likely to commit suicide." There may be other reasons besides the working conditions at the plant for worker suicides.
Instead of boycotts, he advocated addressing the dangerous working conditions in a broader context. Comparing the conditions at Foxconn to coal mines of the 1800s and early 1900s, he added, "There may be similar types of abuses going on at Foxconn, but we have those kinds of conditions arise because the conditions that the workers are in before they take the job are worse. That doesn't excuse the conditions, but you don't just want to get rid of the factory. You don't want to just get rid of the coal mine and send people back into abject poverty. What you want to do is put pressure on the coal mine or the factory or whatever to begin to change their ways and improve those conditions so that everybody wins."
Bibliography
Pilot-X 2017
Boiling Point (Revised Edition) 1997
United Moon Colonies: Chronicles of the Clone Incident 2007
Chronology of Tech History 2012
Lot Beta 2013
Citadel 32: A Tale of the Aggregate 2015
References
External links
Tom Merritt.com
SubBrilliant News
East Meets West Podcast with Roger Chang
the Sword & Laser Podcast with Veronica Belmont
the Current Geek & Current Geek Weekly Podcast with Scott Johnson
The Real Deal column
The Real Deal podcast
CNET
1970 births
Living people
American men podcasters
American podcasters
TechTV people
21st-century American businesspeople
People from Marin County, California
People from Greenville, Illinois
TWiT.tv people
Technology commentators |
4038570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnooktyabrsky | Krasnooktyabrsky | Krasnooktyabrsky (masculine), Krasnooktyabrskaya (feminine), or Krasnooktyabrskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Krasnooktyabrsky District, several districts and city districts in Russia
Krasnooktyabrsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Urban-Type Settlement of Krasnooktyabrsky in Medvedevsky District of the Mari El Republic, Russia is incorporated as
Krasnooktyabrskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the work settlement of Krasny Oktyabr in Saratovsky District of Saratov Oblast, Russia is incorporated as
Krasnooktyabrsky, Russia (Krasnooktyabrskaya, Krasnooktyabrskoye), several inhabited localities in Russia
Krasnooktyabrsky, former name of the town of Shopokov in Kyrgyzstan |
4038571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization%20of%20Belarusian | Romanization of Belarusian | Romanization or Latinization of Belarusian is any system for transliterating written Belarusian from Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet.
Standard systems for romanizing Belarusian
Standard systems for romanizing Belarusian include:
BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian, 1979 (United States Board on Geographic Names and Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use), which is the US and Great Britain prevailing system for romanising of geographical information
British Standard 2979 : 1958
Scientific transliteration, or the International Scholarly System for linguistics
ALA-LC romanization, 1997 (American Library Association and Library of Congress)
ISO 9:1995, which is also Belarusian state standard GOST 7.79–2000 for non-geographical information
Instruction on transliteration of Belarusian geographical names with letters of Latin script, which is Belarusian state standard for geographical information, adopted by State Committee on land resources, geodetics and cartography of Belarus, 2000 and recommended for use by the Working Group on Romanization Systems of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). It was significantly revised in 2007.
Examples
See also
Belarusian Latin alphabet (Łacinka / лацінка)
Cyrillic alphabets
Cyrillic script
Romanization of Bulgarian
Romanization of Macedonian
Romanization of Russian
Romanization of Serbian
Romanization of Ukrainian
Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic
See also
Belarusian alphabet
Cyrillic alphabets
Cyrillic script
Faux Cyrillic
Greek alphabet
Macedonian alphabet
Montenegrin alphabet
Romanization of Bulgarian
Romanization of Greek
Romanization of Macedonian
Romanization of Russian
Scientific romanization of Cyrillic
Ukrainian alphabet
Ukrainian Latin alphabet
Russian alphabet
Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic
Serbian Cyrillic alphabet
References
British Standard 2979 : 1958, London: British Standards Institution.
United Nations Statistics Division, Geographical Names
Belarusian language
Belarusian |
4038575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Jackson%20%28curler%29 | William Jackson (curler) | William Kilgour "Willie" Jackson (14 March 1871 in Lamington, South Lanarkshire – 26 January 1955 in Symington) was a Scottish curler. He was the skip of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club team which won the first Olympic Gold medal in curling at the inaugural Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France, in 1924.
Jackson ran his family's farm in Symington. He was one of the top skips in Scotland at the time. He served as vice president of the Royal Club in 1922–23 and 1931–32 and served as president from 1933–34.
He was the father of fellow gold-medallist Laurence Jackson.
See also
Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics
References
External links
1871 births
1955 deaths
Scottish male curlers
British male curlers
Olympic curlers of Great Britain
Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain
Olympic medalists in curling
Curlers at the 1924 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics
Scottish Olympic medallists |
4038581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Mercy%20%281986%20film%29 | No Mercy (1986 film) | No Mercy is a 1986 American crime thriller film starring Richard Gere and Kim Basinger about a policeman who accepts an offer to kill a Cajun gangster. The film grossed over $12 million domestically.
Plot
Eddie Jilette is a Chicago cop on the vengeance trail as he follows his partner's killers to New Orleans to settle his own personal score. Eddie flees through the Louisiana bayous with Michel Duval, the beautiful Cajun mistress of a murderous crime lord who aims to destroy the Chicago detective before he can avenge his partner's murder. Michel and Eddie fall for each other, although they clash repeatedly while handcuffed together as they attempt to elude the brutal underworld figure and his henchmen.
Cast
Reception
Critical response
No Mercy received poor reviews from critics and currently holds a 31% rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 16 reviews, though reviewers did praise Gere's performance and the film's atmosphere.
References
External links
1986 films
1986 action thriller films
1980s crime thriller films
Films set in New Orleans
Films set in Louisiana
Films shot in New Orleans
Films shot in North Carolina
Films directed by Richard Pearce
American crime thriller films
American action thriller films
Films scored by Alan Silvestri
TriStar Pictures films
American neo-noir films |
4038589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margin%20Walker | Margin Walker | Margin Walker is the second EP by the American post-hardcore band Fugazi. It was originally released in June 1989 on vinyl and again in the same year on the compilation release 13 Songs along with the debut EP Fugazi. The 12" vinyl went out of print, but was remastered and reissued by Dischord Records in October 2009.
Background
Margin Walker was recorded at Southern Studios in London, where Fugazi had finished their first European tour. It was produced by John Loder who was the engineer for several underground artists, including anarcho-punk band Crass which greatly influenced Fugazi. Originally intended to be their first studio album, Margin Walker was released as an EP due to what the members perceived as sub-par performances caused by the exhausting tour.
Reception
According to Trouser Press, the EP "illustrates just how far Fugazi’s four have traveled from their hardcore beginnings. [...] in MacKaye’s melodic guitar work, the tight, fluid rhythm section, the incisive lyrics and the sharply arranged vocal exchanges." "Continuing to develop the stylings he began with Minor Threat," it continues, "MacKaye manages to make the expletives in the vigorously monotonal, part spoken “Promises” sound somewhat eloquent." Andy Kellman of AllMusic called it an "equally excellent follow-up to the Fugazi EP". Margin Walker was also voted the 2nd best EP of the year in the 1989 Pazz & Jop poll, behind Lucinda Williams' Passionate Kisses.
In a 2014 retrospective piece on 13 Songs, Washington City Paper's Brandon Gentry writes that "[w]hile Margin Walker sounds more polished than Fugazi, it doesn’t lack in intensity or intelligence. The title track’s stunray guitar and elastic bass lines are the ideal backdrop for MacKaye’s and Picciotto’s traded lyrical barbs. “And the Same” combines slashing chords and shouted invective into a scathing diatribe against racism and retrograde thinking. “Promises” is an insightful meditation on trust, betrayal, and the acceptance of disappointment."
Covers
"Margin Walker" was covered live by Wild Flag. "Provisional" was covered by The Dirty Nil as a b-side to their "No Weaknesses" single. Ryan Adams covered the track "Promises" live.
Track listing
Credits
Ian MacKaye – vocals & guitar
Guy Picciotto – vocals & guitar
Joe Lally – bass
Brendan Canty – drums
References
Fugazi EPs
1989 EPs
Dischord Records EPs
Albums produced by John Loder (sound engineer) |
4038595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Olympique%20de%20Sousse | Stade Olympique de Sousse | The Stade Olympique de Sousse is a multi-purpose stadium in Sousse, Tunisia. It is used by the football team Étoile du Sahel, and was used for the 2004 African Cup of Nations. The stadium holds 40,000 people.
It hosts within it the meetings played by the football team of the city: Étoile sportive du Sahel (ESS).
It hosted 1977 FIFA U-20 World Cup, 1994 African Cup of Nations, 2001 Mediterranean Games and 2004 African Cup of Nations.
History
For many decades, Sousse footballers knew only the clay surfaces and knew the turf surfaces only when the stadium was inaugurated with an initial capacity of 10,000 places.
It passes over the years to 15,000 seats and is then expanded again on the occasion of the 1994 African Cup of Nations with 6,000 additional seats to reach a capacity of 21,000 seats; A luminous panel is installed at the same time.
The last expansion was carried out in 1999 to bring the capacity of the stadium to 28,000 seats for the 2001 Mediterranean Games, a reorganization of the gallery of honor was carried out, from a capacity of 70 to 217 places. The stadium has yet to be expanded to reach the capacity of 49,000 seats after the announcement the president of the club Moez Driss in May 2008.
The Olympic Stadium of Sousse also hosted some of the Libyan national team’s matches due to the Libyan war, such as Libya and Rwanda in the 2018 World Cup qualification.
Renovation
In November 2017, on a visit to the President of the Republic, Beji Caid Essebsi, to Sousse, he gave an indication of the beginning of the expansion of the stadium and thus in March 2019, the inauguration ceremony of the beginning of works of the Stadium was attended by the Minister of Youth and Sports, Sonia Ben Cheikh, in order to be able to accommodate 40,000 spectators instead of 28,000.
The cost of completing the total works was estimated at 32 million dinars, including 4 million dinars as a contribution from the Municipality of Sousse and 2 million dinars from the contribution of the team and coastal and is expected to include the expansion of the stadium, which will extend for 27 months, especially covered runways and open runways in the east and north and south will also include works. The rehabilitation of the wardrooms, the rehabilitation of the health units for the public, the creation of 22 cells and the complete restoration of electricity networks.
Tunisia national football team
The following national team matches were held in the stadium.
Major tournaments
1977 FIFA U-20 World Cup
Stade Olympique de Sousse served as a venue for the tournament. It hosted all the matches of Group C. The games were:
1994 Africa Cup of Nations
Stade Olympique de Sousse served as a venue for the tournament. It hosted six matches of the group stage, and two matches of quarter-finals. The games were:
2001 Mediterranean Games
Stade Olympique de Sousse served as a venue for the tournament. It hosted all the matches of Group B. The games were:
2004 Africa Cup of Nations
Stade Olympique de Sousse served as a venue for the tournament. It hosted four matches of the group stage, and one match of semi-finals. The games were:
References
External links
Photos of Stadiums in Tunisia at cafe.daum.net/stade
Stade Olympique de Sousse
Stadium Guide
Sousse
Sousse
Multi-purpose stadiums in Tunisia
Étoile Sportive du Sahel |
4038616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary%20Guild | Literary Guild | The Literary Guild of America is a mail order book club selling low-cost editions of selected current books to its members. Established in 1927 to compete with the Book of the Month Club, it is currently owned by Bookspan. It was a way to encourage reading among the American public through curated and affordable selections.
History
The Literary Guild was established in 1927 by Samuel W. Craig and Harold K. Guinzberg as a competitor to the Book of the Month Club, which had started in the previous year. Craig asserted that he first incorporated the company in 1922 and reincorporated it in 1926 after hearing of the success of similar book clubs in Germany. In 1929 the founders created a subsidiary operation, the Junior Library Guild, which also continues to this day.
Method of operation
Books are selected by an editorial board. The chairman was Carl Van Doren. The chosen books are printed in special editions identified by the Literary Guild imprint on the title page. They are published on the same date as the trade editions. Charter subscribers were to receive twelve books a year at half the price of the trade editions for an annual fee of eighteen dollars.
References and sources
References
Sources
External links
Literary Guild web site
Book clubs
Book publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies established in 1927 |
4038620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan%2C%20Philadelphia | Logan, Philadelphia | Logan is a neighborhood in the upper North Philadelphia section of the city of Philadelphia, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The majority of the neighborhood falls within the 19141 zip code, but some of it falls within 19140 (Hunting Park ZIP Code). The neighborhood is sometimes confused with the Olney neighborhood of Philadelphia. Olney Avenue extends from both the Olney and Logan neighborhoods of the city. The Olney Transportation Center is located in Logan.
History
The area was once part of the plantation of James Logan, adviser to William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania. Modern transportation formed the community: the Broad Street subway, which opened in 1928, and a thriving network of streetcar and bus routes, allowed development of what was then considered one of the earliest suburban communities in Philadelphia, though the area is considered urban today. The transportation network still provides Logan residents easy access to the rest of the city.
Logan had been a predominantly Jewish neighborhood until the 1970s. 11th Street was a center of commerce with two bakeries, a deli, and a dairy store. Broad Street had three movie theaters. In the 1970s, Korean people began moving into Logan and established businesses. By the mid-1980s Koreans began moving out of Logan and into sections such as Olney in Philadelphia, and nearby suburbs such as Cheltenham as the area began to gentrify, as African-Americans and Hispanics, which accompanied the migration of Koreans into the neighborhood from the previous decade, began to populate the area, as Koreans began to migrate out of the Logan section and into the nearby suburbs further from Philadelphia.
In 1980, the Fishers Lane Historic District was created, certifying 12 Second Empire and Italianate architecture style buildings.
Geography
The neighborhood is bordered by the Hunting Park neighborhood to the south, the Feltonville neighborhood to the southeast, the Germantown neighborhood to the west, the Olney neighborhood to the east, the Ogontz/Belfield neighborhood to the northwest, and the Fern Rock neighborhood to the north. The terrain is generally flat. Wingohocking Creek flows under Wingohocking Street along Logan's southern border.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, the racial makeup of Logan is 59.7% African American, 29.1% Hispanic, 5.4% Asian, 3.9% white, and 2% from other races. The neighborhood is mainly made up of African Americans and Puerto Ricans.
The population of Logan decreased by 14% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses, in large part because of the razing of numerous row homes in the Southern portion of the neighborhood, which had sunk into the landfill on which they were built. This area today is known as the "Logan Triangle".
Education
Primary, secondary, and higher education
Logan is a part of the School District of Philadelphia.
Elementary schools:
Birney Elementary School
Jay Cooke Elementary School
Logan Elementary
Thurgood Marshall Elementary
St. Vincent dePaul School
High schools:
Central High school (a magnet school)
Philadelphia Girls' High School (a magnet school)
Widener Memorial School
Delaware Valley Charter High School (charter)
Cristo Rey Philadelphia High School (Catholic)
Logan is also home to one college: La Salle University, a private, co-educational, Roman Catholic university founded in 1863 by the Christian Brothers religious order. La Salle is located in the northwestern corner of the neighborhood.
Museums
The Stenton is the former home of James Logan, colonial Mayor of Philadelphia and Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. This home has been turned into a house museum.
La Salle University Art Museum is a six gallery museum located on La Salle's campus.
Public libraries
The Free Library of Philadelphia Logan Branch serves Logan. It was built in 1917.
Health care
The principal hospital is Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, also a significant employer in the region. As of Autumn 2008, Quality Community Health Care has opened the Cooke Family Health Center. CFHC is open to residents of Logan and the surrounding area located within Jay Cooke Elementary School.
Economy
In the past factories were clustered in a few areas; historically they were diverse, and included Mrs. Smith's Pies on Lindley Avenue and the Fleer Baseball Card Gum Company near 10th Street and Lindley. Four block commercial districts of retailers and neighborhood businesses stretch along Broad Street and the parallel Old York Road.
Transportation
SEPTA buses , and run in this neighborhood. Olney Transportation Center is on Olney Avenue in Logan. Olney Transportation Center is served by SEPTA bus routes , and . The Broad Street Line subway also serves Olney Transportation Center. The subway travels from North Philadelphia to Center City and South Philadelphia.
The Logan neighborhood has three stops on the Broad Street Line:
Olney Transportation Center (upper/north Logan) - located near Philadelphia High School for Girls, Widener High School, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Central High School, and La Salle University
Logan subway stop (mid-Logan) located near Logan's Branch of the Free Library of Philadelphia, Delaware Valley Charter High School, and Cristo Ray High School
Wyoming subway stop (south Logan) - located near the Stenton Park, Logan Triangle, and Roosevelt Boulevard
Notable residents
Gerard Ebbecke, Chief Traffic Engineer of Philadelphia until his death in 1998 - resided in Logan in his youth
David Goodis, author of many noir novels of the 1940s and 50s, including Dark Passage and Shoot the Piano Player
Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes of TLC
References
Logan Redevelopment Area Plan. Philadelphia: PA: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, May, 2002.
1976 Bulletin Almanac. Philadelphia, PA: Evening and Sunday Bulletin, 1976.
External links
"Logan & Wagner," Ryan Caviglia, New Colonist
Aerial perspective from Virtual Earth including northern edge of the Logan Redevelopment Area
Aerial perspective from Virtual Earth of Broad St & Lindley Avenue
Logan Redevelopment Area Plan
Neighborhoods in Philadelphia |
4038628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Mustapha%20Ben%20Jannet | Stade Mustapha Ben Jannet | Stade Mustapha Ben Jannet is a multi-use stadium in Monastir, Tunisia. It is currently used by US Monastir, and was used for the 2004 African Cup of Nations. The stadium holds 20,000 people and sometimes, it's used as a home for Tunisia national football team.
History
Inaugurated in 1958, this stadium with suspended tiers thanks to the technique of "cantilevered ball joint" used by the architect Olivier-Clément Cacoub initially offers a capacity of 3,000 places. Over time, several expansion works were carried out: its capacity was increased in the late 1990s to more than 10,000 places. On the occasion of the organization of the 2004 African Cup of Nations, new works allow to reach a capacity of 20,000 places.
Name
The stadium is named after Mustapha Ben Jannet, a nationalist militant executed by the French guards and having gathered the footballers of Monastir around a football team: US Monastir.
Equipment
The stadium is integrated into the sports complex of the city of Monastir, Tunisia, located a few hundred meters from the city center, which extends over 11 hectares and includes a sports hall, an indoor swimming pool, a tennis complex and various golf courses, training.
References
Monastir
US Monastir (football) |
4038636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur%20Wilde | Wilbur Wilde | Wilbur Wilde (born Nicholas Robert Aitken on 5 October 1955) is an Australian saxophonist, television personality and radio presenter. He is best known for his work on Hey Hey It's Saturday. He rose to prominence with the bands Ol' 55 and Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons.
Career
Music career
Wilde was the tenor saxophonist (and did some vocals) with Ol' 55 from 1975 until 1977. Wilde then joined Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons in 1977 as saxophonist and backing singer. He still remains in that role to this date.
Television career
He is most famous for appearing as part of the house band on Hey Hey It's Saturday from 1984 until 1999, and again from 2009 until 2010.
Wilde has made numerous other TV appearances throughout his career on shows including The Flying Doctors, MDA, The Paul Hogan Show, Blankety Blanks, Sale of the Century, Celebrity Squares, MTV, Getaway, Postcards, Prisoner, Temptation, Spicks and Specks, The Russell Gilbert Show, and commercials for the Australian Pensioners Insurance Agency. From 1992 to 1999, Wilbur toured with The New Rocky Horror Show, contributing to more than 750 performances along the way. His CV also boasts a string of movie credits including Trojan Warrior, Mad Max, The Coolangatta Gold, City of the Damned, Jenny Kissed Me, Dead End Drive-In, and Cool Change.
Radio career
Between 2000 and 2004, Wilde presented the Classic Cafe on Gold 104.3 Melbourne. In December 2005, Wilde joined Vega 91.5, hosted a drive show between 3 - 6pm. departing the station in 2008. Wilde also previously presented radio shows at 3UZ and 3XY.
Personal life
Wilde is a supporter of the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League. His brother, Chris Aitken, played fourteen games for them in the 1960s and 1970s.
He plays golf at the National.
References
External links
1955 births
Australian saxophonists
Male saxophonists
Australian rock keyboardists
Australian television personalities
Australian radio personalities
Living people
Musicians from Melbourne
Musicians from Sydney
Rock saxophonists
Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons members
Ol' 55 (band) members
20th-century saxophonists
20th-century Australian male musicians
20th-century Australian musicians
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century Australian male musicians
21st-century Australian musicians |
4038643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookspan | Bookspan | Bookspan LLC is a New York–based online book seller, founded in 2000.
Bookspan began as a joint endeavor by Bertelsmann and Time Warner. Bertelsmann took over control in 2007, and a year later, sold its interest to Najafi Companies, an Arizona investment firm. Najafi held its ownership in a subsidiary named Direct Brands, which also held Najafi's ownership in the Columbia House record club. In 2013, Najafi sold its interest in Direct Brands to Pride Tree Holdings, a New York–based media and consumer technology holding company founded in 2012 and incorporated in Delaware.
Bookspan operates a number of discount book purchasing programs. As of 2017, the programs include:
Crafter's Choice
Crossings Book Club
Doubleday Book Club
The Good Cook
History Book Club
The Literary Guild
Mystery Guild
Science Fiction Book Club
References
External links
American companies established in 2000
Internet properties established in 2000
Retail companies established in 2000 |
4038650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Centrepoint | The Centrepoint | The Centrepoint is a shopping mall in Singapore which opened in 1983 as Centrepoint Shopping Centre (or just Centrepoint) until its renaming in 2006 as The Centrepoint.
History
The Centrepoint is managed by Frasers Property, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fraser & Neave. It was built in 1983. Throughout the decades, the eight-storey complex was home to many different tenants, including Teochew City Seafood Restaurant, Cold Storage, Marks and Spencer, TianPo Jewellery, and Metro. The mall, which has six storeys and two basement levels, opened with Robinsons as the anchor tenant. It had been replaced by Metro in 2015, out of which it will be closing down on 15 September 2019. Centrepoint is undergoing third renovation works and is expected to complete by 2020 with more tenants such as Decathlon, JustCo and Harvey Norman.
The shopping mall underwent a makeover in 1991 and the first cost $4 million. The Centrepoint's management committee at the time carried out a survey to find out what customers wanted, and top on the wish list was better toilets. The toilets were fitted with automatic flushing systems and renovation works were carried out at night.
Times Bookstores is also the biggest bookstores in the Orchard Road, of which it opened in 1983. It underwent a revamp in 2002, expanding across three floors but ended up downsized again.
In 2005, Frasers Centrepoint refurbished the mall for the second time. The revamp included a six-storey extension with two basements which was previously a sidewalk. The second basement to the third floor would be for food and beverage outlets and shops, and the fourth to sixth floors would be an extension of the former Robinsons. The renovation works were completed in December 2006, and there is now a Gap store on the second floor and an Esprit store on the third floor.
There was a shopping mall decentralisation strategy over the years.
There are plans to transform Orchard Road into a megamall that is connected by a network of linked walkways. Part of this plan is a link bridge between The Centrepoint and Orchard Point. The Straits Times reported that this second major makeover included the widening of its Orchard Road entrance and a new drop-off and pick-up point on level one to make it easier for families with children and the elderly. Apart from this, many of the tenants had begun to leave – Marks & Spencer was replaced by Ministry of Food (MOF).
A fire broke out at a shoe shop at 10.30 am on 16 February 2019.
Tenants
Decathlon (Level 1 and 2 of the former Metro)
Harvey Norman (Level 3 of the former Metro)
JustCo (Level 4, 5 and 6 of the former Metro)
MOS Burger
JENN
Tensho by MOF
Cold Storage
Short Q Redemption Centre(#01-57)
Accessibility
The Centrepoint is accessible from Orchard Road where vehicles can enter the car park through a side road. Somerset MRT station is located opposite the shopping mall.
See also
Centrepoint Kids, social history
List of shopping malls in Singapore
References
Orchard, Singapore
Orchard Road
Shopping malls established in 1983
Shopping malls in Singapore
1983 establishments in Singapore |
4038654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Alon | Roy Alon | Roy Alon (24 April 1942 – 1 February 2006) was a British stuntman.
Born in Otley, West Riding of Yorkshire, during his 36-year career he appeared in over 1,000 films including the James Bond and Superman films. His debut came in A Bridge Too Far.
Roy made the Guinness Book of Records for being the world's most prolific stuntman. He doubled for actors as varied as Peter Sellers and Sophia Loren.
Filmography
Film
References
External links
1942 births
2006 deaths
English stunt performers
People from Otley
British people of Jewish descent
Date of birth missing |
4038658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thottada | Thottada | Thottada is a census town and suburb of Kannur city situated on NH 66 of about south of Kannur railway station in Kerala State, India.
The Sree Narayana College (S.N. College), Government Vocational Higher Secondary School Kannur Polytechnic, Kannur ITI and the Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology (IHTT) are located in Thottada.
Many of the famous vehicle showrooms in Kannur city are located in Thottada mainly companies like Renault, Tata, Kia, Škoda, Hyundai, Honda and Toyota.
Thottada is also a scenic place. Thottada beach is an ideal place for a sunbathing and swimming. There are many beach houses and guest houses offering accommodation at reasonable price.
Demographics
As of 2011 Census, Thottada has a population of 40,818 with 18,483 males and 22,335 females. Thottada census town has an area of with 8,798 families residing in it. The average sex ratio was 1208 higher than the state average of 1084. Thottada had an average literacy of 96.6%, higher than the state average of 94%: male literacy was 97.8%, and female literacy was 95.6%. In Thottada, 10.5% of the population was under 6 years of age.
Thottada Beach
Thottada Beach is a beautiful beach in Kannur district of Kerala, South India. It is situated at Thottada just about 2.5 km from the NH 66 connecting Kannur city and Thalassery town and 7 km from Kannur city also 13 km from Thalassery. The virgin beach 800 meter long is ideal for sun bathing. Tourists could stay at the beach house or guest house near the beach. The Thottada river (a small one) which is 4.5 km long, flows into one end of the Edakkad beach. There is also a dam/bund built across the river 3 decades ago to keep the fresh water from salt water. Away from the sea the river spreads to form swamps which makes a great habitat for various birds and fishes.
Kuruva
Kuruva is a small village in the Kannur District of Kerala. It is located between Kannur town and Thottada.
Kuruva was once known for its beedi manufacturing, but this industry no longer exists in the village.
The Sree Narayana Guru Smaraka Vayanasala were witnessed for many incidents during the Indian independence movement. Many of the local meetings were held here.
There were many agricultural activities in the village. But now all the fields have become residential areas.
References
External links
Suburbs of Kannur |
4038659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 1992 French Open – Women's singles | Two-time defending champion Monica Seles successfully defended her title, defeating Steffi Graf in the final, 6–2, 3–6, 10–8 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1992 French Open. Seles became the first woman to win three consecutive French Open titles (later followed by Justine Henin).
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
1992 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
1992 in women's tennis
1992 in French women's sport |
4038685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Good%20Cook | The Good Cook | The Good Cook was a series of instructional cookbooks published by Time-Life Books 1978-1980 and sold on a month-to-month basis until the early 1990s and edited by cookbook author Richard Olney. Each volume was dedicated to a specific subject (such as fruits or sauces) and was heavily illustrated with photos of cooking techniques. Recipes were drawn from a wide array of published sources, all scrupulously acknowledged.
The 28 volumes were as follows:
Beef and Veal
Beverages
Biscuits/Cookies and Crackers (US title)
Breads
Cakes and Pastries/Cakes (US)
Confectionery/Candy (US)
Desserts/Classic Desserts (US)
Eggs and Cheese
Fish and Shellfish (two separate volumes, US)
Fruits
Game (UK only)
Grains, Pasta and Pulses/Dried Beans and Grains (US)
Hot Hors d'Oeuvres/Hors d'Oeuvres
Lamb
Offal/Variety Meats (US)
Outdoor Cooking
Pasta (US only)
Patisserie/Pies and Pastries (US)
Pork
Poultry
Preserving
Salads and cold Hors-d'Oeuvre/Salads (US)
Sauces
Snacks and Canapes/Snacks and Sandwiches (US)
Soups
Terrines, Pates and Galantines
Vegetables
Wine
In addition there was a 50-page booklet "The Well-Equipped Kitchen" that came with the set.
See also
Foods of the World - a similar Time-Life cookbook series
Richard Olney - Chief Series Consultant of "The Good Cook" book set
Cookbooks |
4038707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel%20%2B%20Cultural%20Center%20at%20Rensselaer | Chapel + Cultural Center at Rensselaer | The Chapel + Cultural Center at Rensselaer is an architecturally unique, multipurpose performing arts and spiritual space in Troy, New York. The Center is owned and operated by the Rensselaer Newman Foundation (RNF). It is conventionally referred to as "The C+CC"; the "+" sign has come to be formally used instead of "and" or an ampersand as a representative symbol of the Christian cross. While located on the campus of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) , the C+CC is managed and operated as an independent organizational entity. The C+CC provides a home to the Roman Catholic University Parish of Christ Sun of Justice, and its staff members provide administrative support to Catholic, Protestant, Jewish and Muslim chaplaincy services at RPI.
Early history
The Roman Catholic Church at RPI began as a Newman Association with a faculty advisor in 1907. ("Newman Associations" and "Newman Centers" are often used to designate Catholic campus ministry centers at state and other non-Catholic universities; they take their names from Cardinal Newman). In 1914, a part-time chaplain was assigned to RPI by the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany. In 1936, Monsignor William M. Slavin was appointed as the first Resident Catholic Chaplain at RPI, serving the entire campus community. He was succeeded in that position by Reverend Thomas W. Phelan in 1959.
In the early 1960s, the issue of a permanent home became more pressing when the chapel of the Convent of the Good Shepherd was sold to RPI, leaving the Catholic community without a regular worship space. A petition was filed with the State of New York to incorporate a nonprofit organization to support fundraising for and operation of an independent facility. On November 22, 1963, the Regents of the University of the State of the New York chartered the Rensselaer Newman Foundation (RNF) as an educational corporation. The RNF's founding trustees were Martin F. Davis, William A. Kerrigan, John I. Millet (Board President), Monsignor William M. Slavin and Reverend Thomas W. Phelan. The purposes of the corporation as stated on its charter were:
a. To establish and maintain non-degree courses in theology, philosophy and related subjects;
b. To foster and provide extracurricular programs for Catholic Students attending Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute;
c. To foster and provide scholarships, fellowships and other student aids; and
d. To foster and develop the intellectual and moral life of Catholic students through religious education, cultural activity and social participation.
In 1965 and 1966, the RNF trustees began researching and acquiring land to build a dedicated facility, eventually settling on a series of parcels on Burdett Avenue between Peoples Avenue and Sherry Road in Troy. On December 6, 1966, the RNF Board of Trustees passed a resolution directing its Building Committee, chaired by Stephen E. Wiberley, to develop a final plan for the C+CC. By February 1967, the C+CC design was completed by the architectural firm of Levatich and Miller from Ithaca, New York. In June 1967, Board President John I. Millet signed a construction contract with Corina Construction Company to build the C+CC. The facility opened with a two-week dedication festival in October and November 1968.
In September 1970, the University Parish of Christ Sun of Justice was chartered by canonical decree of the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany. Reverend Thomas W. Phelan was the parish's first pastor, and served in that capacity until 2001, when he was relieved by Reverend Edward S. Kacerguis. (Reverend Phelan also served as RPI's Dean of Humanities and Social Sciences through much of his tenure as pastor). A total of eleven additional Catholic priests have been assigned to the C+CC since Phelan's service began in 1959, as well as six female Resident Catholic Chaplains, and nine non-clerical Directors.
The C+CC Building
The C+CC was conceived and designed as a functional multi-purpose facility, drawing together the sacred and the secular, religious services and performing arts, educational and social events. By February 1969, nine national and international publications had written major feature articles on the C+CC (including a cover story in The New York Times), praising its unique mixture of utilitarian simplicity (it is an unfinished block building) and functional flexibility. It received the highest award then given for religious buildings by the Liturgical Conference.
A book specifically about the C+CC, Community on Campus (edited by Myron B. Bloy, Jr.) was published in 1971, arguing that the distinct multi-purpose model created by the RNF's founding trustees marked a major milestone in the development of the contemporary Catholic Church in America by fully embracing the Second Vatican Council's liberalization of the liturgy and the role of the Church in the secular world.
The C+CC features a main auditorium that can seat up to 450 people, with movable risers and chairs allowing a variety of configurations for various events. An altar chapel may be connected to or separated from the auditorium via sliding wooden doors. Ade Bethune designed the altar chapel and main auditorium's liturgical features, including the stained glass oculus in the east wall. Father Edward Catich wrote the giant Greek, Roman and Hebrew alphabets painted on the main auditorium's floor. Next to the Bethune oculus hangs a massive fragment of the "Spoil Bank Crucifix" carved by Eric Gill and acquired from the Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic, Sussex, England. The C+CC's permanent collection also includes works by Pablo Picasso, Tomie dePaola, George Nakashima, Edgar Holloway, Larry Kagan and numerous other contemporary artists, as well as a collection of antique sculpture and liturgical pieces.
A hallway art gallery, lounge and conference room provide space for curated fine art exhibitions and community meetings. A connected rectory provides housing for parish priests and staff; the rectory was named "Slavin House" in honor of Monsignor Slavin. In 1994, a capital campaign was begun to fund building and grounds improvements at the C+CC, and to bring the facility fully into compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
In October 2003, 19th Street between Sherry Road and Peoples Avenue in Troy was renamed "Tom Phelan Place" in recognition of the RNF/C+CC founder's service to the local community. Reverend Phelan died in April 2006 shortly before his 81st birthday. His Liturgy of Christian Burial was held at the C+CC.
In 2011 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
References
No Ivory Tower, by Stephen E. Wiberley, Digital Page, Albany, New York, 2004
Community on Campus, edited by Myron B. Bloy, Jr., Seabury Press, New York, New York, 1971
External links
Chapel + Cultural Center at Rensselaer
University Parish of Christ Sun of Justice
University and college arts centers in the United States
University and college chapels in the United States
Music venues in New York (state)
Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Troy, New York
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Buildings and structures in Troy, New York
Tourist attractions in Rensselaer County, New York
Performing arts centers in New York (state)
Event venues established in 1968
Religious buildings and structures in New York (state)
Roman Catholic parishes of Diocese of Albany |
4038708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server | Server | Server may refer to:
Computing
Server (computing), a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called clients
Role
Waiting staff, those who work at a restaurant or a bar attending customers and supplying them with food and drink as requested
Server, a tennis player who makes a serve; see Serve (tennis)
Altar server, a lay assistant to a member of the clergy during a Christian liturgy.
Other uses
Server (name)
Server Sundaram, a 1964 Indian comedy film
Server, any serving utensil; see List of serving utensils
See also
Serve (disambiguation)
Service (disambiguation)
Cake and pie server |
4038712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 1991 French Open – Women's singles | Defending champion Monica Seles successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the women's singles title at the 1991 French Open.
The tournament marked the most decisive defeat suffered by Steffi Graf at a major: she won just two games in her semifinal against Sánchez Vicario.
Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Monica Seles is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.
Monica Seles (champion)
Steffi Graf (semifinals)
Gabriela Sabatini (semifinals)
Mary Joe Fernández (quarterfinals)
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (finalist)
Jana Novotná (quarterfinals)
Conchita Martínez (quarterfinals)
Zina Garrison (first round)
Manuela Maleeva (second round)
Jennifer Capriati (fourth round)
Katerina Maleeva (third round)
Helena Suková (second round)
Nathalie Tauziat (quarterfinals)
Leila Meskhi (fourth round)
Natasha Zvereva (second round)
Anke Huber (third round)
Qualifying
Draw
Key
Q = Qualifier
WC = Wild card
LL = Lucky loser
r = Retired
Finals
Earlier rounds
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
1991 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
1991 in women's tennis |
4038733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunnygrunt | Bunnygrunt | Bunnygrunt are an American indie pop band from St. Louis, Missouri composed of guitarist/vocalist Matt Harnish and drummer Karen Ried.
History
1993–1998
The band formed in early 1993, with Wally Schwartz on bass. Their first release, the "Criminal Boy" 7", came in the same year, on Silly Moo Records. In short order Rene Dullum took over the duties on bass. They continued to release 7"s and EPs, drawing attention for this and for their rapid release schedule, until they recorded their debut full-length in 1995, titled Action Pants!, released on No Life Records. This release was not without its problems. Dullum was fired from the band before the album was released, taking her songs with her. This meant that the album's running time was rather short – now being only 8 songs long, and around 20 minutes in length (partly due to the 10-minute-long "Open Wide and Say Oblina", the album's closer). The band then recruited bassist Jen Wolfe, and continued to release 7"s, including The Bunnygrunt Family Notebook, and Blue Christmas (a Christmas 7", with their cover of the holiday standard on the one side, and an original, 'Season's Freaklings', on the other). In 1998, they released their second album, Jen-Fi, again on No Life. This had double the tracks of their first album, although the running time was again very brief, as few songs broke the 2 minute mark. The album attracted favourable reviews, yet the band disappeared soon after this, with little fanfare. Matt and Karen went on to form The See-Thrus. Later still Matt joined The Julia Sets and Karen formed The Fantasy Four.
2003–present
In 2003, the earlier-recorded Bunnygrunt song 'Season's Freaklings' (also previously featured on a compilation entitled Better Than Fruitcake which was a forerunner to the Bert Dax Christmas compilations—see below) was used on the soundtrack to the Billy Bob Thornton movie, Bad Santa, enhancing the band's popularity. In the fall of 2004, a new collection of Bunnygrunt's old tracks and rarities, entitled In the Valley of Lonesome Phil, was released on Harnish's own label, "The Bert Dax Cavalcade of Stars". Ried had been playing with various local musicians as The Fantasy Four, and Harnish was busy at various pf local artists playing original and traditional holiday songs every Christmas season), playing bass for the St. Louis-based Julia Sets (who had a split EP with theoints since Bunnygrunt's secession into relative non-existence around 1998 with running his Bert Dax label (which releases, among other things, a compilation o Fantasy Four on the Bert Dax label in 2001), and working at popular local record store Vintage Vinyl. The band played a house party with Lauren Trull on bass to celebrate the release of Bad Santa and decided to reform full-time, playing the Athens PopFest (to which they have returned as recently as August 2010, and at which they are one of only three acts to appear every single year since its inception, alongside Cars Can Be Blue and Casper & the Cookies) later that year. The band released their latest album, Karen Haters Club, on Happy Happy Birthday To Me Records, in the fall of 2005. Trull has since left the band, and Ried and Harnish now continue officially as a two-piece, with Eric Von Damage (formerly of Corbeta Corbata and The Adversary Workers) on drums, though a set arsenal of regular guests with whom they play live shows and record has been established, including Jason Hutto of Walkie Talkie U.S.A. and Phonocaptors fame, Mario Viele of the Pubes and Sex Robots, as well as Erik Seaver of the Museum Mutters, Parker's Back, Lost to Metric, and the Five Deadly Venoms. At the 2007 Athens Popfest, Bunnygrunt was joined onstage by the horn section of HHBTM label-mates Red Pony Clock for a cover of Carmelita by Warren Zevon. At the 2010 Athens Popfest, Bunnygrunt was joined onstage by several friends for a cover of Red Pony Clock's "Don't Forget Who Your Friends Are."
In 2009, the band released a new full length on HHBTM entitled Matt Harnish and Other Delights. Pancake Productions released two Bunnygrunt 7" records, "Lady, You Just Got Von Damaged" in 2010 and "The Worst Of Both Worlds" (a split with The Winchester and with Throwing Things Records) in 2012. The title of "...Von Damaged" is in keeping with their tradition of naming records after members of the band, Eric Von Damage having been Bunnygrunt's drummer for the majority of years since their reunion. The cover of the record is an embroidery painting of Von Damage lounging in a chair with a bulldog nearby and a macaw on his shoulder.
Bunnygrunt's sixth (or fifth, depending on how you are counting) album Vol. 4 was released in July 2015 on HHBTM. The cassette and CD versions featured bonus tracks from singles and other records released since (and even before) their previous album, including the two Pancake Productions 45s and the WeePOP! EP.
Tribute album
In late August 2013, Pancake Productions released You Wanna Be Just Like Bunnygrunt: A Loving Tribute To The First 21½ Years. It features 26 covers of Bunnygrunt songs from all eras of the band by label-mates, friends, and a variety of acts from around the globe, including members of longtime tour partners Tullycraft and Darling Little Jackhammer as well as other bands containing former members such as The Sex Robots and Jason Hutto, and other friends including The Ottomen, Red Pony Clock, Casper & The Cookies, and Googolplexia.
Style
During their original lifespan, Bunnygrunt's sound changed only marginally, being centred on a sound that was primarily labelled as twee pop or cuddlecore, which led to Allmusic naming them 'The World's Cutest Band'. While the accuracy of this label is open to dispute, it is clear that the band themselves were not happy with being presented in this way, or indeed even being classified as 'twee', due to the connotations associated with such a label (deliberately sloppy instrumentalism, overly 'cutesy' presentation). Indeed, Harnish noted that he "hated" the label, and this aspect of twee music.
However, the band's position as twee was only solidified when their first major show after their 2004 reformation took place at the Athens PopFest, a music festival organised by noted twee label Happy Happy Birthday To Me Records, who also released Karen Haters Club. The style of music prevalent on this album, however, is not exactly what one might call twee pop, the band creating a far heavier sound, more akin to simple punk rock. However, the band's twee label persists, though mainly by association.
Lyrics
Bunnygrunt's lyrics cover a wide range of material, but are not often particularly serious, as song titles such as "I Mock You With My Monkey Pants", "I Dated a Zombie", and "I Just Had Broken Heart Surgery, Love Won't Bypass Me Again" attest. At times, their lyrics have taken on leanings towards the satirical, for example, "Superstar 666" from Action Pants!, which features Ried satirically proclaiming herself to be a celebrity, a theme which continues in several Bunnygrunt songs.
Discography
Albums
Action Pants! (No Life Records, 1995)
Jen-Fi (No Life Records, 1998)
In the Valley Of Lonesome Phil, (The Bert Dax Cavalcade of Stars, 2004)
Karen Haters Club (Happy Happy Birthday To Me Records, 2005)
Matt Harnish and Other Delights (Happy Happy Birthday To Me Records, 2009)
Vol 4 (2015)
EPs/Singles
Criminal Boy (7", 1993)
The Northerns Meet Bunnygrunt (7", World Control Records, 1994)
Standing Hampton (7", No Life Records, 1994)
Bunnygrunt Family Notebook (7", March Records, 1995)
Split with Beanpole, Wack Cat, and Recycled Pop ("Repulsion" on "Pop Goes the World" 7", Love Me Not... Records)
Split with Lydia's Trumpet, Crime Squad, Darling Little Jackhammer, Mr. Pink Jeans, the Northerns, and Give Her a Lizard ("Spot the Mommyhead" on "Roller Skates" 7", unmarked Silly Moo)
Johnny Angel (7", Septophilia, 1996)
Blue Christmas (7", Septophilia, 1996)
Team Bunnygrunt Vs. Team Tullycraft (7", KittyBoo Records, 1997)
Split with B'ehl, Kitty Craft, Naysay, and Tummybug ("I Mock You With My Monkey Pants" on "Bumping Up and Down" 7", Little Red Wagon Recordings, 1999)
The 1000% Hot EP (EP, WeePOP! Records, 2007)
Split with Phil Wilson (7", Happy Happy Birthday To Me Records, 2007)
Split with Sex Robots (7", The Bert Dax Cavalcade Of Stars, 2008)
Lady, You Just Got Von Damaged! (7", Pancake Productions, 2010)
The Worst Of Both Worlds (7" split with The Winchester, Pancake Productions and Throwing Things Records, 2012)
References
External links
[ Bunnygrunt on Allmusic]
Bunnygrunt on Twee.net
Interview with Bunnygrunt
Label website
Official Bunnygrunt Myspace Page
Official Bunnygrunt FaceBook Page, including brief concert recap notes for every show 1993-2012
Musical groups from St. Louis
Indie pop groups from Missouri
Cuddlecore musicians |
4038739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%203 | Now That's What I Call Music! 3 | Now That's What I Call Music! 3 may refer to at least four different Now That's What I Call Music!-series albums, including
Now That's What I Call Music 3 (original UK series, 1984 release)
Now That's What I Call Music! 3 (US series, 1999 release)
Now That's What I Call Music! 3 (Asia series, 1997 release)
Now That's What I Call Music! 3 (Norwegian series, 2010 release) |
4038748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%204 | Now That's What I Call Music! 4 | Now That's What I Call Music! 4 may refer to two albums such as:
Now That's What I Call Music 4 (UK series), 1984 album
Now That's What I Call Music! 4 (U.S. series), 2000 album |
4038752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%2015%20Octobre | Stade 15 Octobre | The Stade 15 Octobre is a multi-use stadium in Bizerte, Tunisia ( north-west of Tunis). It has a capacity of 20,000 seats of which 4,000 are covered. The stadium hosted matches of the 2004 African Cup of Nations, which has also been won by the Tunisian team, but it is usually used by CA Bizertin.
The stadium is named encrypted the date corresponding to the evacuation of the last foreign soldier of independent Tunisia, on 15 October 1963 after Bizerte crisis. The space devoted to various media features 170 workstations.
References
Bizerte
Club Athlétique Bizertin
Bizerte
1990 establishments in Tunisia
Sports venues completed in 1990 |
4038759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th/Dan%20Ryan%20station | 95th/Dan Ryan station | 95th/Dan Ryan (or 95th in station announcements) is an 'L' station in the median of the Dan Ryan Expressway and serving Chicago's Roseland neighborhood. Currently, it serves as the southern terminus of the Chicago Transit Authority's Red Line, and is the southernmost CTA station. This station was the system's thirteenth busiest in 2021. Trains take approximately 30 minutes to travel to the Loop, and 60 minutes to reach .
It is the only CTA rail terminal located in an expressway (except for , the terminal for some Blue Line trains during weekday rush hours), and also one of the only terminals with no park-and-ride lot. Like Howard, this station has a bus terminal and connects to CTA and Pace buses, but unlike Howard, it also connects to Greyhound buses.
History
The station opened on September 28, 1969 as part of the Dan Ryan branch, in the mid-1990s, the station's name was changed from 95th to 95/Dan Ryan, then later to 95th/Dan Ryan.
Ridership
Over 1 million people used the terminal in 2021. Many commuters from the far south side or south suburbs connect to 95th Street via the CTA and Pace bus systems. 95th/Dan Ryan is the southernmost stop in the CTA system.
The station also serves as the Greyhound bus "Chicago 95th & Dan Ryan, Illinois" station.
95th/Dan Ryan Terminal Improvement Project
After the Red Line South Reconstruction project was completed in October 2013, The CTA did an improvement project that costed $280 million, and expanded, improved and rebuilt the entire 95th/Dan Ryan terminal; the station remained open during the project, the project began on September 22, 2014. The entire project was completed on April 27, 2019, with the reopening of the Red Line train platform under the South Terminal building, which became a walkway, the new and expanded terminal has a pedestrian bridge that connects the North and South Terminal buildings, four customer assistant booths, two on the outside of the station, one in the North Terminal and one in the South Terminal, six station entrances, four at the North Terminal and two at the South Terminal, additional escalators, elevators and stairs, additional turnstiles and Ventra card machines, additional bike racks, security cameras, and more bus boarding areas than the old station.
Extension
On January 26, 2018, the final alignment for the extension was announced. The extension would run west of the existing Union Pacific Railroad tracks from I-57 to 107th Place, then cross over the Union Pacific Railroad tracks and run east of the tracks until crossing the Metra Electric tracks near 119th Street, and continuing at-grade to 130th Street, three new stations would be built at 103rd, 111th, and Michigan, a new yard and shop would be built at 120th Street, and a new terminal station would be built at 130th. if the CTA can get the funding for the $2.3 billion extension, construction on the extension would begin in 2025 and would be completed in 2029.
Bus connections
CTA
N5 South Shore Night Bus (Owl Service - Overnight only)
N9 Ashland (Owl Service - Overnight only)
29 State
34 South Michigan (Owl Service)
95 95th
100 Jeffery Manor Express (Weekday Rush Hours only)
103 West 103rd
106 East 103rd
108 Halsted/95th (Weekdays only)
111 111th/King Drive
112 Vincennes/111th
115 Pullman/115th
119 Michigan/119th
Pace
352 Halsted (24/7 Service)
353 95th/Dan Ryan CTA/Calumet City/Homewood
359 Robbins/South Kedzie Avenue
381 95th Street
395 95th/Dan Ryan CTA/UPS Hodgkins (Weekday UPS shifts only)
772 Brookfield Zoo Express/CTA Red Line (Memorial Day through Labor Day on weekends only)
Notes and references
Notes
References
External links
95th/Dan Ryan Station Page at Chicago-'L'.org
Train schedule (PDF) at CTA official site
95th/Dan Ryan Station Page CTA official site
Greyhound Chicago 95th & Dan Ryan Station
State Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
Lafayette Avenue entrance from Google Maps Street View
CTA Red Line stations
Chicago "L" terminal stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1969
Bus stations in Illinois |
4038760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Chedly%20Zouiten | Stade Chedly Zouiten | Stade Chedly Zouiten is a multi-purpose stadium in the Mutuelleville district of Tunis, Tunisia. It is currently used by football team Stade Tunisien. The stadium holds 18,000 people.
It hosted the 1965 Africa Cup of Nations. It was renovated for two meetings of the 1994 Africa Cup of Nations. Long the main stadium in the capital, it was supplanted by the Stade El Menzah in 1967 and then by the Stade 7 November of Radès in 2001, both larger and more modern.
Name
It was named as Stade Géo André, who was a French sportsman killed by German forces during the Tunisian campaign of World War II, before being renamed in honour of Chedly Zouiten, a figure of Tunisian football and a relative of President Habib Bourguiba after the independence of Tunisia from France.
Renovation
The municipality of Tunis closed it on 17 November 2006 to carry out renovation work estimated at 3.4 million dinars and initially caused by faults in the rainwater drainage channels. This cost includes the renovation of the sanitation and drainage network for rainwater, the renovation of the grandstand, the press stand, bleachers on the lawn side, changing rooms, electrical installations; the works were launched on 2 January 2009 for a period of ten months. It was not until 20 May 2012 that the stadium was finally reopened.
Equipment
The stadium houses two grass football pitches, one for training and the other for national and international sports competitions, a handball field, a 400-metre track, two jumping pits, two shooting ranges and a steeple river.
Citations
References
Tunis
Sport in Tunis
Multi-purpose stadiums in Tunisia
Stade Tunisien |
4038762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%205 | Now That's What I Call Music! 5 | Now That's What I Call Music! 5 or Now 5 may refer to at least four different "Now That's What I Call Music!"-series albums, including
Now That's What I Call Music 5 (original UK series, 1985 release)
Now That's What I Call Music! 5 (U.S. series, 2000 release)
Now 05 (Australian series, 2004 release)
Now That's What I Call Music 5 (Hungarian series) |
4038768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%206 | Now That's What I Call Music! 6 | Now That's What I Call Music! 6 refers to at least two different "Now That's What I Call Music!"-series albums, including
Now That's What I Call Music 6 (UK series), 1985
Now That's What I Call Music! 6 (U.S. series), 2001 |
4038779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%207 | Now That's What I Call Music! 7 | Now That's What I Call Music! 7 or Now 7 may refer to at least three different "Now That's What I Call Music!"-series albums, including
Now That's What I Call Music 7 (original UK series, 1986 release)
Now That's What I Call Music! 7 (U.S. series, 2001 release)
Now 07 (Australian series) |
4038793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasny | Krasny | Krasny (masculine), Krasnaya (feminine), or Krasnoye (neuter), Russian for red, may refer to:
People
Michael Krasny (disambiguation), several people
Places
Krasny, Russia (Krasnaya, Krasnoye), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
Krasni, Nagorno-Karabakh, a village in the Republic of Artsakh, also known as Dağdağan (Azerbaijani)
Krasnoye, former name of Chambarak, Armenia
Krasnoye, Belarus
Other
Krasnaya (river), a river in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia
Krasny (surname), a Russian language surname
Krasnaya (Kazanka), a river in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
Krasnaya Hotel, former name of Bristol Hotel in Odessa, Ukraine
See also
Krasny Oktyabr (disambiguation)
Surnames from nicknames |
4038795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%209 | Now That's What I Call Music! 9 | Now That's What I Call Music! 9 may refer to:
Now That's What I Call Music 9 (UK series), original UK series, 1987 release
Now That's What I Call Music! 9 (U.S. series), 2002 release |
4038798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20N.%20Deramus%20Jr. | William N. Deramus Jr. | William Neal Deramus Jr. (March 25, 1888 – December 2, 1965) was an American railroad executive. He served as the longest running president (20 years) of the Kansas City Southern Railway (KCS) from 1941 to 1961. Deramus led the Kansas City Southern Railway through the Great Depression by encouraging industry to locate on the Gulf Coast in Louisiana and Texas. He helped the railway to avoid bankruptcy in the 1930s and refinanced $67 million in bonded debt that fell due in the late 1940s.
Deramus' formal education ended with 8th grade. Before he was 14, he eagerly agreed to tend the switch lamps, and keep the station in order for $4 a month — plus an opportunity to become proficient in weaving those mysterious clicks into words so powerfully that they moved the trains for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N).
Within a year, Deramus began pounding a key as a relief operator. He learned his profession, and the detail of railroading, fast and moved on to better positions. From the L&N he went to the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL), then to the Southern Railway (SOU), where, at 20, he became a dispatcher in Memphis, Tennessee.
His chief in Memphis resigned to accept a job with the Kansas City Southern Railway in Pittsburg, Kansas. Pleased with the prospects there, the chief wrote to his protégé about the opportunities with the new road — and opportunities were all Deramus needed.
On November 9, 1909, the name of W. N. Deramus first appeared on a KCS payroll. From telegraph operator he advanced to dispatcher, then chief dispatcher. Next, he was superintendent of car service, then superintendent of the Southern Division. He was elected as the general manager, then the vice-president and general manager, the executive vice-president, and then to the president of the railway in 1941. In 1945 he was elected as the president and chairman of the board.
He spent almost half his time out on the railway. It is said that he knew the 1,647 miles of track between Kansas City and the Gulf of Mexico so well that he could tell where he was by the sound of the wheels on the rails. Under the impetus he provided the Kansas City Southern, its net income was twice the industry average.
Deramus was a major figure in Kansas City's civic life. In 1957, the Deramus' family donated the Deramus Field Station to MRIGlobal to support the organization's growing contract research business.
References
1888 births
1965 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Dispatchers
Kansas City Southern Railway |
4038803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2010 | Now That's What I Call Music! 10 | Now That's What I Call Music! 10 may refer to at least two different "Now That's What I Call Music!" series albums, including:
Now That's What I Call Music 10 (UK series), released in 1987
Now That's What I Call Music! 10 (U.S. series), released in 2002 |
4038809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2011 | Now That's What I Call Music! 11 | Now That's What I Call Music! 11 may refer to:
Now That's What I Call Music 11 (UK series), released on 21 March 1988
Now That's What I Call Music! 11 (U.S. series), released on November 19, 2002
Now! 11 (Danish series), released on February 28, 2005
Now! 11 (Canadian series)
Now 11 (Portuguese series) |
4038816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2012 | Now That's What I Call Music! 12 | Now That's What I Call Music! 12 may refer to:
Now That's What I Call Music 12 (UK series) (original UK series, 1988 release)
Now That's What I Call Music! 12 (U.S. series) (U.S. series, 2003 release) |
4038818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa | Desa | Desa or DESA may refer to:
Desa (band), an American rock band
Desa (Bithynia), a Roman town of ancient Bithynia
Desa (company), a Turkish leather goods producer and retailer
Desa (monarch), a medieval Serbian ruler
Desa, Dolj, a commune in Dolj County, Romania
Desa, a type of village in Indonesia
Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company (DESA), a manufacturer of diesel engines in Iran
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure
Distinguished Eagle Scout Award
Diplôme d'Études Supérieur Appliqué, a French educational degree
Diplôme de l'École Spéciale d'Architecture, Architectural Degree earned in Paris, France
See also
Desh (disambiguation) |
4038820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredsous%20Abbey | Maredsous Abbey | Maredsous Abbey is a Benedictine monastery at Maredsous, in the municipality of Anhée, Wallonia, Belgium. It is a founding member of the Annunciation Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation.
The abbey was founded as a priory on 15 November 1872 by Beuron Abbey, with the financial support of the Desclée family, who donated some land and paid for the plans and construction of the buildings which were designed by Jean-Baptiste Bethune.
In 1878, the priory was raised to the status of abbey by Pope Leo XIII and became a member of the Congregation of Beuron. The abbey was subsequently affiliated with the Congregation of the Annunciation within the Benedictine confederation, 1920. By a pontifical letter of Pope Pius XI dated 12 October 1926 the abbey church was awarded the title of minor basilica.
Though various cheeses are products of the abbey's own dairy, Maredsous Beer is no longer brewed there but in the Duvel Moortgat brewery om Flanders which has been authorised to make and supply it.
History
Maredsous Abbey was founded on 15 November 1872 by Beuron Abbey in Germany, the founder of many religious houses, at the instigation of Hildebrand de Hemptinne, a Belgian monk at Beuron and later abbot of Maredsous.
The foundation was supported financially by the Desclée family, who paid for the design and construction of the spectacular buildings, which are the masterwork of the architect Jean-Baptiste de Béthune (1831–1894), leader of the neo-gothic style in Belgium. The overall plan is based on the 13th century Cistercian abbey of Villers at Villers-la-Ville in Walloon Brabant. The frescos however were undertaken by the art school of the mother-house at Beuron, much against the will of Béthune and Desclée, who dismissed the Beuron style as "Assyrian-Bavarian". Construction was finished in 1892.
Abbots
1872-1874 : Jean Blessing, Supérior
1874-1876 : Placide Wolter, Prior
1877-1878 : Gérard van Caloen, Prior
1878-1890 : Placide Wolter, Abbot
1890-1909 : Hildebrand de Hemptinne, Abbot
1909-1923 : Blessed Columba Marmion, Abbot - buried in the abbey church
1923-1950 : Célestin Golenvaux, Abbot
1950-1968 : Godefroid Dayez, Abbot
1968-1969 : Olivier du Roy, Prior
1969-1972 : Olivier du Roy, Abbot
1972-1978 : Nicolas Dayez, Prior
1978-2002 : Nicolas Dayez, Abbot
2002-current: Bernard Lorent, Abbot
Work
Foundations
Maredsous has either founded, or has been instrumental in the foundation of, a number of other Benedictine houses: St Anselm in Rome (1893); abbeys in Brazil (1895); St. Andrew's Abbey, Zevenkerken, Bruges (1899); Keizersberg Abbey in Leuven (1899); Glenstal Abbey in Ireland (1927); Gihindamuyaga in Rwanda (1958); Quévy Abbey in Hainaut (1969).
School of art
The idea of an art school, inspired by that at the mother house, led to the foundation of the School of Applied Arts and Crafts, also known as the St. Joseph School. There was a difference of opinion as to whether it should serve more as a place for training poor children as carpenters, blacksmiths, plumbers and cobblers, or whether it should function more as a centre of fine arts and crafts. It was the latter view that prevailed when the school opened in 1903 under the leadership of Father Pascal Rox, and in due course the production began of neo-gothic works of high quality (vestments, pieces of silver, bindings and so on) destined mostly for the abbey itself. The school's activities were curtailed by World War I and it was almost closed down in 1919, but it survived by widening its remit to undertaking paid work in a more modern style for outside customers. From 1939 onwards, the emphasis changed more explicitly towards the training of artists rather than skilled craftsmen. In 1964, after establishing an international reputation, the school merged with the Namur School of Crafts to form the I.A.T.A. (Technical Institute of Arts and Crafts).
Publications
Le messager des fidèles (1884-89); continued as Revue bénédictine (1890- )
Anecdota maredsolana (1893- )
Products
Maredsous cheese
Maredsous Abbey is known for the production of Maredsous cheese, a loaf-shaped cheese made from cow's milk.
Maredsous beer
The abbey also licenses its name to Brouwerij Duvel Moortgat, since 1963 the makers of Maredsous beer.
See also
Maredret Abbey
References
Sources
Misonne, Daniel, 2005. En parcourant l'histoire de Maredsous. Editions de Maredsous.
Further reading
Cottineau, L. H. Répertoire topo-bibliographique des abbayes et preurés. Mâcon, 1929; col. 1744
A. Pratesi "Maredsous" in Enciclopedia cattolica; vol. 8 (1952), pp. 61 ff.
External links
Catholic Forum: Blessed Columba Marmion
Maredsous cheese official website
360°-panorama van de Maredsous Abbey
Christian monasteries in Namur (province)
Benedictine monasteries in Belgium
Religious organizations established in 1872
1872 establishments in Belgium
Anhée |
4038826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2013 | Now That's What I Call Music! 13 | Now That's What I Call Music! 13 may refer to both "Now That's What I Call Music!"-series albums, including
Now That's What I Call Music XIII (original UK series, 1988 release)
Now That's What I Call Music! 13 (U.S. series, 2003 release) |
4038828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milsbeek | Milsbeek | Milsbeek is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Gennep, and lies about 14 km southeast of Nijmegen.
The village was first mentioned in 1329 as Milsbeec, and is named after a brook.
Milsbeek was home to 520 people in 1840. The former pottery was turned into a pottery museum in 2016, and has to last remaining wood oven of the Netherlands.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Gennep |
4038833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vr%C3%A1ble | Vráble | Vráble () is a small town in the Nitra District, Nitra Region, western Slovakia.
Etymology
The name derives from vrábeľ - a Slovak dialect name of sparrow (vrabec).
Geography
It is located in the Danubian Hills on the Žitava river, about south-east-east from Nitra. The cadastral area of the town has an altitude from ASL. There's a small dam called Vodná nádrž Vráble west of the town.
The town has three parts: Vráble proper, and the former villages of Dyčka and Horný Ohaj (both annexed 1975).
History
The oldest evidence of the settlement of Vráble comes from the Neolithic age (6000-2000 BC). The first written reference is from 1265 as Verebel. In Vráble, there was the oldest post-station. The city kept an agricultural character in the 19th and 20th centuries. Economic development has influenced the architecture of the city. After break-up of Austria-Hungary in 1918, the town became part of Czechoslovakia and received status of the district capital (until 1960). After the First Vienna Award, the town was from 1938 to 1945 part of Hungary.
Demographics
The town had Hungarian majority in the 17th century according to the Turkish tax census.
According to the 2001 census, the town had 9,493 inhabitants. 93.32% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 4.69% Hungarians, 0.78% Roma and 0.55% Czechs. The religious make-up was 88.41% Roman Catholics, 8.53% people with no religious affiliation and 0.62% Lutherans.
Archaeological site
The largest urban agglomeration of the Bronze Age Europe was found in Vráble. The area of 20 hectares makes it larger than the contemporary Mycenae and Troy. A settlement was inhabited by about 1,000 people and buildings were built around streets. Three ditches strengthened the fortifications. The site is also the northernmost known tell in Central Europe. The settlement was attributed to the Maďarovce culture.
Twin towns — sister cities
Vráble is twinned with:
Andouillé, France
Csurgó, Hungary
Nova Varoš, Serbia
References
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in Slovakia
Archaeological sites in Slovakia |
4038834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2014 | Now That's What I Call Music! 14 | Now That's What I Call Music! 14 may refer to at least two different "Now That's What I Call Music!"-series albums, including
Now That's What I Call Music 14 (original UK series, 1989 release)
Now That's What I Call Music! 14 (U.S. series, 2003 release) |
4038837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Kariya | Martin Kariya | Martin Tetsuya Kariya (born October 5, 1981) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He is the youngest brother of former NHL players Paul Kariya and Steve Kariya.
Playing career
Amateur
Kariya had a standout NCAA college hockey career at the University of Maine from 1999 to 2003 while earning a degree in Mathematics. During his four years at the University of Maine, the team made 2 Frozen Four appearances. In Martin's junior college season the Black Bears reached the 2001–02 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship final game where they suffered a disappointing 4-3 OT loss to the University of Minnesota. Martin was the captain of the team in his senior year and was also the top scorer with 50 points in 39 games. Martin was awarded the Len Ceglarski Sportsmanship Award and named to Hockey East First All-Star Team. He finished his Black Bear career 11th in all-time scoring with 155 points and was subsequently named in Maine's All Decade Team.
Professional
Kariya's outstanding college hockey career caught the attention of the Portland Pirates of the AHL, who offered him a contract to join their team for the 2002–03 playoffs. On July 22, 2003, Martin then signed with the New York Islanders affiliate, the Bridgeport Sound Tigers for the 2003–04 season.
The 2004 NHL Lockout was a bump in the road for Kariya. Rather than waiting for the NHL season to resume, Martin headed to Japan to play for the Nikko IceBucks in the Asian Hockey League where he was a favorite with Japanese hockey fans. Next he played in Fredrikstad Norway for Stjernen HC and recorded 52 points in 39 games. This caught the attention of hockey scouts from Europe's top leagues and led to Martin signing with the Espoo Blues of the Finnish SM-liiga for the 2006-2007 season. Martin's speed and skill helped him to dominate the Finnish league. He was the top scorer with 61 points in 51 games and was considered the best forward in the league that season.
After his great success in Europe, Martin signed his first NHL contract with the St. Louis Blues on June 1, 2007, for the following 2007–08 season. On October 1, 2007, Kariya was among the final cuts as he was assigned to affiliate, the Peoria Rivermen. Kariya enjoyed his most successful season in the AHL recording 53 points in 71 games.
For the 2008–09 season he returned to Europe to play in the lucrative Swiss League where he finished 5th in the league's scoring standings and was a key player for the SCL Tigers. On July 15, 2009, Kariya signed with the Dinamo Riga of the KHL. In the 2009–10 season, Martin established himself as an integral part of Riga's offense scoring 22 points in 38 games. Kariya was limited to 38 games after suffering a well publicized concussion in which the KHL was criticized over the immediate medical protocol to his condition. Upon his return, Kariya helped Riga past the first round in the playoffs, leading the KHL with 5 points in 4 games against SKA St. Petersburg after the first round.
On May 3, 2010, Kariya returned to the NLA, signing a two-year contract with HC Ambri-Piotta.
International play
Kariya has had several opportunities to represent Canada in international ice hockey competition. These include the 2005 Loto Cup, the 2005 Spengler Cup, the 2006 Deutschland Cup, the 2008 Spengler Cup and the 2010 Spengler Cup.
Awards and honors
2002–03 HE Len Ceglarski Sportsmanship Award
2006–07 SM-Liiga Veli-Pekka Ketola trophy
Career statistics
Personal
Martin is the younger brother of Steve, Noriko, and Paul Kariya. He is of Japanese and Scottish descent.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Bridgeport Sound Tigers players
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian sportspeople of Japanese descent
Dinamo Riga players
Espoo Blues players
HC Ambrì-Piotta players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Maine Black Bears men's ice hockey players
Nikkō Ice Bucks players
Peoria Rivermen (AHL) players
Portland Pirates players
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Latvia
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Finland
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland |
4038848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuw-Bergen | Nieuw-Bergen | Nieuw-Bergen (; ) is a town in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Bergen (L.) and lies about 28 km north of Venlo. Nieuw-Bergen was officially founded on 9 July 1963 as the new settlement.
After the destruction of Bergen in 1944/1945, a new settlement was built further to the east. Construction started in 1955. In 1969, the town hall of the municipality was built in Nieuw Bergen. In 1975, a church was built. In 2015, a shopping mall was built with apartments and a distinct tall tower to give the village a landmark.
In 1988, two British Royal Air Force soldiers were killed in the town.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Bergen, Limburg
1963 establishments in the Netherlands |
4038852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche%20H%C3%B6here%20Privatschule%20Windhoek | Deutsche Höhere Privatschule Windhoek | The Deutsche Höhere Privatschule (DHPS) is a bilingual private school in Namibia. Situated in the capital Windhoek,
The DHPS also offers boarding school facilities, a kindergarten and pre-school and primary and secondary grades from Grade 1 to grade 12. Various sporting facilities are part of the spacious campus in the centre of town, e.g. swimming pool, hostel, basketball courts, soccer fields, beach volleyball field and roller hockey rink.
Scholars have the option of leaving with the NSSC (the Namibian Senior Secondary Certificate) in grade 12, which exempts them for Southern African universities and other Southern African institutions, or doing the (DIAP, The German International Abitur Examination), also in grade 12.
History
The school was established in 1909 under the name Kaiserliche Realschule (Imperial High School). Its name changed to Deutsche Höhere Privatschule () upon the abdication of the German emperor Wilhelm II. The school celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009 with the hosting of many events during the year. DHPS is funded by the Federal German Government as well as by school fees.
See also
Germany–Namibia relations
German language in Namibia
German Namibians
References
External links
Deutsche Höhere Privatschule Windhoek
Deutsche Höhere Privatschule Windhoek
100 Jahre DHPS 1909 - 2009, az.com.na
German-Namibian culture
Schools in Windhoek
Boarding schools in Namibia
German international schools in Africa
Educational institutions established in 1909
1909 establishments in German South West Africa
International schools in Namibia |
4038861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium%20chloride | Rubidium chloride | Rubidium chloride is the chemical compound with the formula RbCl. This alkali metal halide salt is composed of rubidium and chlorine, and finds diverse uses ranging from electrochemistry to molecular biology.
Structure
In its gas phase, RbCl is diatomic with a bond length estimated at 2.7868 Å. This distance increases to 3.285 Å for cubic RbCl, reflecting the higher coordination number of the ions in the solid phase.
Depending on conditions, solid RbCl exists in one of three arrangements or polymorphs as determined with holographic imaging:
Sodium chloride (octahedral 6:6)
The sodium chloride (NaCl) polymorph is most common. A cubic close-packed arrangement of chloride anions with rubidium cations filling the octahedral holes describes this polymorph. Both ions are six-coordinate in this arrangement. This polymorph's lattice energy is only 3.2 kJ/mol less than the following structure's.
Caesium chloride (cubic 8:8)
At high temperature and pressure, RbCl adopts the caesium chloride (CsCl) structure (NaCl and KCl undergo the same structural change at high pressures). Here, the chloride ions form a simple cubic arrangement with chloride anions occupying the vertices of a cube surrounding a central Rb+. This is RbCl's densest packing motif. Because a cube has eight vertices, both ions' coordination numbers equal eight. This is RbCl's highest possible coordination number. Therefore, according to the radius ratio rule, cations in this polymorph will reach their largest apparent radius because the anion-cation distances are greatest.
Sphalerite (tetrahedral 4:4)
The sphalerite polymorph of rubidium chloride has not been observed experimentally. This is consistent with the theory; the lattice energy is predicted to be nearly 40.0 kJ/mol smaller in magnitude than those of the preceding structures.
Synthesis and reaction
The most common preparation of pure rubidium chloride involves the reaction of its hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, followed by recrystallization:
RbOH + HCl → RbCl + H2O
Because RbCl is hygroscopic, it must be protected from atmospheric moisture, e.g. using a desiccator. RbCl is primarily used in laboratories. Therefore, numerous suppliers (see below) produce it in smaller quantities as needed. It is offered in a variety of forms for chemical and biomedical research.
Rubidium chloride reacts with sulfuric acid to give rubidium hydrogen sulfate.
Radioactivity
Every 18 mg of rubidium chloride is equivalent to approximately one banana equivalent dose due to the large fraction (27.8%) of naturally-occurring radioactive isotope rubidium-87.
Uses
Rubidium chloride is used as a gasoline additive to improve its octane number.
Rubidium chloride has been shown to modify coupling between circadian oscillators via reduced photaic input to the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The outcome is a more equalized circadian rhythm, even for stressed organisms.
Rubidium chloride is an excellent non-invasive biomarker. The compound dissolves well in water and can readily be taken up by organisms. Once broken in the body, Rb+ replaces K+ in tissues because they are from the same chemical group. An example of this is the use of a radioactive isotope to evaluate perfusion of heart muscle.
Rubidium chloride transformation for competent cells is arguably the compound's most abundant use. Cells treated with a hypotonic solution containing RbCl expand. As a result, the expulsion of membrane proteins allows negatively charged DNA to bind.
Rubidium chloride has shown antidepressant effects in experimental human studies, in doses ranging from 180 to 720 mg. It purportedly works by elevating dopamine and norepinephrine levels, resulting in a stimulating effect, which would be useful for anergic and apathetic depression.
References
Rubidium compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Antidepressants
Stimulants
Alkali metal chlorides
Rock salt crystal structure |
4038863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri%20Gorbachev | Yuri Gorbachev | Yuri Gorbachev (born December 29, 1948 in, USSR) is a Russian painter and sculptor.
Since 1991, he has lived in the United States and creates in his Manhattan studio in New York City. He has been called the "Russian Rousseau".
Over the last forty years Gorbachev’s career has reached the highest level of international art.
Yuri Gorbachev created his own unique technique of painting on canvas, using non-ferrous metals (gold, bronze), special varnishes and enamels, completely removing black from the palette.
Biography
Yuri Gorbachev's work is now represented in more than twenty museums worldwide including the permanent collections of The Russian National Museum, St. Petersburg, the Louvre, the Kremlin Museum, The National Museum, the Tsarskoye Selo, Palace of Alexander the Third, National Armenian Gallery, Martiros Saryan Museum, Yerevan, The Rudana Museum, Bali, The United Nations, The White House, the National Fine Art Museum of the Ukraine, the Moscow Museum of Modern Art and the Russian Museum of Kiev.
Since his arrival in the United States Yuri Gorbachev has exhibited his work in more than two hundred and fifty one man shows worldwide. Former Christie’s Auction House expert in Russian art, Maria Paphiti, calls Yuri Gorbachev the ambassador of Russia for world art.
For the past twenty years Gorbachev has traveled extensively; his artistic development moved from his naive style to his most recent intricate works. He uses a sophisticated technique with precious metals like gold and copper along with specially formulated lacquers over oil on canvas; he never uses black in his palette, leading art critics to call his style “Positivism”. In the last two years, he has developed a new technique, which highlights his paintings with enamel creating added texture and luster to his composition.
The complex technique developed over two decades, using ceramic techniques on canvas is unique and inimitable.
Mr. Gorbachev’s work is represented in the personal collection of President William Jefferson Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton; his painting was personally presented in Washington on July 22, 1996.
In 2011, Yuri Gorbachev was commissioned to design a new label for Stolichnaya Red Vodka, The label he created “Four Elements, by Yuri Gorbachev” was based on his painting of the same name. It is destined to become a collector’s item and new icon for the brand. This is not the first time Yuri Gorbachev has worked with Stolichnaya. In 1994, “Stolichnaya” commissioned Gorbachev to design their annual Christmas “Holiday” advertisement, which appeared in hundreds of magazines around the world including Art & Antiques, Vanity Fair, Vogue, Time, American Photo, W, GQ, Elle among others. It was so successful that every year for the next four years he was commissioned to do a new image for the Holiday ad. Michel Roux, art collector and President of Carillon Importers, Inc. (distributor of Absolut and Stolichnaya vodka) was the person behind the creative advertising of Stolichnaya and Absolut. He used artists including Andy Warhol, Keith Haring and Yuri Gorbachev for the famous Absolut Vodka ad campaigns, creating a tradition of using famous artists for vodka advertisements to promote the brands with cultural icons. Roux described Yuri Gorbachev as “…the Angel from Russia. He brings out whatever is good from there. The spirit, the subject matter, and the colors of his work-profound in their simplicity-exemplify what Russia is all about.”
Americans of culture recognize Russia through his art. His energy and enthusiasm for Russia and the Ukraine, where he spent the last twenty years of his life in the USSR before moving to New York, are expressed in his work and help viewers understand emotionally and intellectually the culture which fostered his great energy and talent.
Gorbachev began his career as a Russian ceramics artist making sculptures, bas-reliefs and painting on ceramic plaques, which are displayed in many Fine Art Museums and galleries around the world. He arrived in the United States from the former USSR in 1991 with little knowledge of the English language but with an abundance of his great talent and charisma. Famous for his fine art ceramics for twenty years in the USSR he dared to change his medium to oil on canvas. The result was a spectacular success.
In 1993 Gorbachev’s first visit to the Far East showed him his true path as a painter – his connection to the Orient was immediate and dynamic and influenced both his style and technique. He brought these influences back to the rest of the world through his paintings. Gorbachev incorporated these different worlds and experiences– Russian, American, and Asian, into his art, and changed and developed into the unique artist he is today.
On March 14, 1996, the United Nations honored Yuri Gorbachev with a commission to create an original work in conjunction with the release of the United Nations stamp “Endangered Species.” Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali received Gorbachev’s rendition of Green Parrot On Red Flower at a preview exhibition.
Yuri Gorbachev was classically trained in Soviet art academies and also acquired advanced degrees in philosophy and communication. His most notable accomplishment through his art has been his success in bringing many different cultures together in his own simple language of beauty. His use of lacquer and glazing techniques in his paintings exhibit his classic training and mastery of ceramics. Gorbachev’s artistic career has flourished in New York City and he has had solo exhibits all over the United States and Europe.
Recognizing Gorbachev’s great talent and influence as an artist not only in the United States, but worldwide, Rizzoli International, published “The Art of Yuri Gorbachev” in 1998. It presents 100 full-color plates divided into thematic sections spanning Gorbachev’s career. He is only one of a few Russian artists ever to have had Rizzoli publish their books; Chagall and Malevich are in this small group. In 2000, The
Bertelsmann Group, published “The Art of Paradise”, a major book about Yuri Gorbachev’s life and art
explaining his symbolism, roots and development as an artist and containing his ceramics from the first
twenty years of is career, his early oils and later more intricate works.
Mr. Gorbachev has had his work exhibited over the past several years at the Mora Museum of Russian Art, NY, 2011, the St. Petersburg State Museum of Urban Art 2010; the National Fine Art Museum of The Ukraine, 2000; the Moscow Museum of Modern Art, 2003; the Russian Museum of Kiev, 2005; the Odessa State Literature Museum, 2005 and 2006; the Donezk Museum of Fine Art, 2006; Museum Conjunto Cultural da Caixa, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2005. Brazil’s major magazine, Caras, featured Gorbachev as person of the year 2006. Gorbachev’s exhibit, visited by many thousands of people, became a cultural phenomenon in San Paulo- his images were reproduced on T-shirts, scarves, clothing and worn by stars like the Rolling Stones, Bono, Jamie Fox, and many other visiting luminaries.
In June 2009, the first Russian Art Fair in London displayed a stunning array of the finest Russian art
from the last millennium, including classical icons from the tenth century through the nineteenth century;
art from the Hermitage Collection; works by Faberge; classical painters like Goncharova, Malevich and
Chagall among many others. Yuri Gorbachev aptly named “the angel from Russia” was the brightest and best of the living artists represented at the London Art Fair. Although Gorbachev’s art has been acknowledged worldwide and he has received numerous prizes and awards, he continues to work with inexhaustible energy with Russia always at the center of his inspiration. 2010 heralded a landmark exhibition of Gorbachev’s paintings. The St. Petersburg State Museum of Urban Art & Sculpture held a major and extensive exhibit of Yuri Gorbachev's works. Attendance broke all records for this museum, and the show was a critically acclaimed success.
In 2011, The Russian National Museum of St. Petersburg, Russia, the most important museum of Russian art worldwide, accepted Gorbachev's major oil painting Tsar Nicholas and his Family into their Permanent Collection. Gorbachev's museum tour continues through 2015, with the National Gallery of Fine Art Plovdiv, Bulgaria, opening July, 2012, the Literature Museum of Odessa, Ukraine, August, 2012, and future exhibitions in Major Museums in Kiev, Moscow, St. Petersburg and other countries. 2012-2013 opening new exhibition art Museum Shabo, UA.
In an article in The New York Times, journalist Carey Goldberg said "There is no better interview subject than a man who just wants to make people happy. A man so brimming with energy that he repeats and re-repeats words of emphasis, a man with a mission so simple and sweet that it works for Americans and Russians and Indonesians alike. And there is no better art, to my taste, than art that radiates the same kind of joie de vivre so that it acts as a tonic on all those who see it, uplifting not only with its beauty but with an exuberance as potent as the blooming of northern plants in summer.
Some collectors of Gorbachev's works
Mikhail Gorbachev, former President of the U.S.S.R.
Eduard Shevardnadze, former President of Georgia
Joseph Estrada, former President of the Philippines
Galyani Vadhana, Princess of Thailand
James Jeffords, U.S. Senator from Vermont
Mikhail Barishnikov, Russian-American dancer and actor
Marcello Mastroianni, Italian film actor
William Saroyan, Armenian-American author
Nyoman Rudana, founder of Museum Rudana, Ubud, Bali, Indonesia
External links
Yuri Gorbachev Official Site
Yuri Gorbachev on Art Brokerage
1948 births
Living people
20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
Contemporary painters
Artists from Saint Petersburg
20th-century Russian sculptors
20th-century Russian male artists
Russian male sculptors
Ukrainian painters
21st-century Russian painters
21st-century Russian sculptors
21st-century Russian male artists |
4038864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Ware | Rick Ware | Richard S. Ware (born August 6, 1963) is a professional racecar driver and owner of Rick Ware Racing.
When he was nine years old, he began racing motocross and moved up to the BMX class when he was 12.
In 1983, he was named Rookie of the Year in the California Sports Car Club. He went on to win several titles in that series, as well as the SCCA and IMSA. He also competed in the 1984 Long Beach Grand Prix.
In 1990, he moved to North Carolina and made his NASCAR Winston Cup Series debut that year at The Bud at the Glen in the No. 22 owned by Buddy Baker. He spent the next decade running short tracks in the ARCA, and the Busch Series. He suffered injuries in 1996 at Watkins Glen International Raceway, while practicing a Winston Cup car, he crashed into the wall and was unconscious for 45 minutes. He made his return to NASCAR in 1998, when he was unable to qualify for the Save Mart/Kragen 350 in his No. 70 Ford Thunderbird.
He ran 9 of the 14 races in NASCAR West Series in 1999, before he moved up to the Craftsman Truck Series in 2000, where he ran his own No. 51 Chevys, but only ran a limited schedule to sponsorship issues and injuries. Since then, he has run one Craftsman Truck race and is owner of Rick Ware Racing. He is the father of Cody Ware and Carson Ware.
Motorsports career results
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
Winston Cup Series
Busch Series
Craftsman Truck Series
External links
Living people
1963 births
Motorcycle racers from Los Angeles
Racing drivers from Los Angeles
NASCAR drivers
NASCAR team owners
ARCA Menards Series drivers
Trans-Am Series drivers |
4038867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Order | German Order | German Order refers to:
German Order (decoration), the highest decoration that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual
Germanenorden (German Order), the völkisch secret society in early 20th-century Germany
Another name for the Teutonic Knights |
4038876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panheel | Panheel | Panheel is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Maasgouw, and lies about 9 km south-west of Roermond.
The village was first mentioned in 1417 or 1418 as Panhedel. The etymology is unclear.
Panheel was home to 175 people in 1840. In 1875, a chapel was built. Panheel was never elevated to a parish, however it is considered a village by the municipality.
The Boschmolenplas is a lake which formed as a result of gravel excavation. It has a diameter of and has clear water with a visibility of 12 metres. It is therefore, a popular diving spot.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Maasgouw |
4038879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospeldijk | Ospeldijk | Ospeldijk is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Nederweert, and lies about 11 km northeast of Weert.
The village was first mentioned in 1978 as Meijelse Dijk, and means "dike near Ospel".
The Holy Spirit Church was a modern aisleless church built between 1957 and 1958. The church was demolished in 2008 and replaced by houses.
Ospeldijk is an access point to De Groote Peel National Park.
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Nederweert |
4038893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Mansiche | Estadio Mansiche | Estadio Mansiche is the biggest stadium of the city of Trujillo and the home of the most important football clubs in the city, Carlos A. Mannucci and Universidad César Vallejo. The stadium also has a running track for track and field sports. The stadium is part of the greater Mansiche Sports Complex which includes the Coliseo Gran Chimu, a swimming pool, and other facilities.
It has hosted matched of the Copa Sudamericana in three occasions, and of the Copa Libertadores once. It hosted Group B matches during the 1995 South American Under-17 Football Championship. It hast also hosted matches at the 2004 Copa America and 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship. Most recently, it hosted the ceremonies of the 2013 Bolivarian Games.
History
Local athlete Estuardo Meléndez Macchiavello was the first to ask for the construction of a stadium in Trujillo to President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche. The construction of the stadium took two years between 13 May 1944 and July 1946 which was at first known as Estadio Modelo de Trujillo. It was inaugurated under the presidency of José Luis Bustamante y Rivero.
The inauguration ceremony happened on 12 October 1946 in presence of then Vice-president José Gálvez Barrenechea, Zoila María de la Victoria, and the mother of political leader Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, Rosa Francisca de Paula de la Torre. The first football match played at the stadium was between Deportivo Trujillo and Sport Tigre.
The original capacity of 5,000 was increased in 1984 to 14,000 when the north stand was built. This was so that Sporting Cristal could use the stadium during the 1984 Copa Libertadores. In 1993 artificial lighting was added to the stadium which allowed for matches to be played after dark. The stadium hosted all of the Group B matches during the 1995 South American Under-17 Football Championship.
Three of the four stands, north, south, and west, where rebuilt for the 2004 Copa America. Luxury sitting, broadcasting boxes, renovated changing rooms, and an electronic scoreboard were also installed. This brought the stadium capacity to approximately 20,000. The next year, the natural grass pitch was replaced for turf for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship. The pitch would not return to natural grass until 2013.
2004 Copa América
See also
Coliseo Gran Chimu
Mansiche Sports Complex
References
Football venues in Peru
Copa América stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Peru
Sports venues completed in 1946
Estadio Mansiche
Estadio Mansiche |
4038896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28posseman%29 | Jack Johnson (posseman) | John "Turkey Creek Jack" Johnson (c. 1847 – c. 1887) was an American bookkeeper, lawyer, cattle handler and lawman. He rode with Wyatt Earp as a member of the posse during the Earp Vendetta Ride.
Early life
Johnson was thought to be a former bookkeeper and lawyer, coming from Missouri. Wyatt Earp believed that Johnson's real name was John Blunt, but there is no evidence to support this and Blunt was not a gunman. It is known that in 1881 he was 34 years of age. He and his brothers are alleged to have fled Missouri after being involved in a violent street clash in the mining town of Webb City, Missouri. His supposed brother, Bud Blunt, a known drunkard who had killed a man in Tip Top, Arizona in 1881, was sent to Yuma Prison. Johnson was not actually a "gunman" in the traditional sense, but was inaccurately portrayed as such in Stuart N. Lake's mostly fictional book. Earp claimed to use him as an "informer" on the Cowboys.
Gunfights 1872 and 1876
Reportedly Johnson was involved in two gunfights:
November 6, 1872 Newton, Kansas Town Marshal Johnson killed M.J. Fitzpatrick who in a drunken quarrel had killed Judge George Halliday. This same man named John Johnson was possibly in Tombstone according to the 1880 Census and may have ridden with Wyatt Earp, indicating "Turkey Creek" Jack Johnson and John Johnson, the marshal, are likely one and the same.
Johnson supposedly spent some time in Deadwood in the Dakota Territory in 1876. He is said to have participated in a gunfight in 1876, where he calmly and slowly used two pistol shots to kill two men at a distance of 30 yards after allegations of cheating were charged following a game of poker. They were both trying to kill him with multiple pistol shots – their mistake was trying to use a "quick draw" while moving towards Johnson. Their spray of shots went wild. Johnson simply turned sideways to make himself a smaller target, raised his opposite arm to use as a gun rest and took a bead on each man, killing them with one shot apiece. It is debated as to whether this actually occurred, but town historians and modern day event enactors stated publicly in August, 2013 that there were not one but two separate stories published about this gunfight in the Deadwood town newspaper in the days following its occurrence.
Riding with cowboys
Johnson is believed to have later spent time in Dodge City, Kansas. Little is known about exactly when he met Wyatt Earp. It could have been during Wyatt's buffalo hunting days, in Deadwood, or during the time that both were in Dodge City. He is believed to have first ventured into Arizona Territory while working in a cattle drive, alongside Sherman McMaster, "Curly Bill" Brocius, and Pony Diehl, in late 1878. Brocius and Diehl had only recently left the "Murphy-Dolan" faction, having both taken part in the Lincoln County War, opposite Billy the Kid and his "Regulators". There is no evidence that Johnson took part in that range war, nor that he knew Brocius or Diehl prior to the cattle drive.
Riding with the Earp vendetta
Writer John H. Flood, in his unpublished 1926 manuscript Wyatt Earp biography (for which many details came from Wyatt himself) said that Johnson was an old friend of the Earps when they came to Tombstone, and this fits with the fact of Johnson's presence on the train to protect Virgil as he left Tombstone for the last time, March 20, 1882.
As a posseman in the Earp posse which protected Virgil on the train, Johnson (as "John Johnson") was co-indicted in absentia with Doc Holliday, Wyatt Earp, Warren Earp, and Sherman McMaster in the killing of Frank Stilwell in Tucson, March 20, 1882. Johnson returned with the others to Tombstone on a freight train that night, and the next day (now joined by Texas Jack Vermillion) rode out in the Earp vendetta ride of 1882, by which time he was a wanted man in the territory for the killing of Stilwell.
Death
After the Earp vendetta ride, Johnson escaped through Colorado, then Texas. According to the Flood manuscript, Johnson died of tuberculosis in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, in 1887, survived there by a widow.
The Flood manuscript biography states that Johnson was a member of the masonic lodge in Salt Lake City, and estimated that his age at death was about 35 (this last information has been used to estimate the birthdate given above; however it is heavily suspect, as Flood's information on the death age of Vermillion is very erroneous).
In popular culture
Played by Lonny Chapman in Hour of the Gun starring James Garner and Jason Robards.
Played by Buck Taylor as a minor character in the movie Tombstone, starring Kurt Russell and Val Kilmer.
Played by Rusty Hendrickson as a background character during the vendetta ride scenes in Wyatt Earp (film) starring Kevin Costner, Dennis Quaid, and Bill Pullman.
References
Further reading
A self-published but useful compendium of bio information on minor Tombstone characters.
External links
Sherman McMaster, Turkey Creek Johnson
Wyatt Earp's testimony concerning "Turkey Creek" Jack Johnson
Earp's Vendetta Posse
1852 births
1887 deaths
Johnson, Jack (gunfighter)
People of the American Old West
Cowboys
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Utah
Arizona folklore
Year of birth uncertain
American vigilantes
Cochise County conflict
19th-century American lawyers |
4038899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo%20Letteri | Guglielmo Letteri | Guglielmo Letteri (11 January 1926 in Rome – 2 February 2006 in Rome) was an Italian comic book artist, best known for his work on the Tex Willer comic.
References
Lambiek Comiclopedia page about Guglielmo Letteri
1926 births
2006 deaths
Italian comics artists |
4038902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20Daze%20%28soundtrack%29 | School Daze (soundtrack) | School Daze: Original Soundtrack Album is the music soundtrack album to Spike Lee's 1988 film School Daze. The soundtrack peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart. The soundtrack features the songs "Da Butt" by E.U. and "Be Alone Tonight" which features Tisha Campbell. "Da Butt" became a number-one R&B/pop hit on the Billboard R&B Singles chart and peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Track listing
Source
Credits
Executive producer — Spike Lee
Producers — Marcus Miller (track 1), Lenny White (track 2), Raymond Jones (track 3), Bill Lee (tracks 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10), Stevie Wonder (track 7)
Charts
Singles
References
1988 soundtrack albums
EMI Records soundtracks
Musical film soundtracks
Comedy film soundtracks
Drama film soundtracks |
4038912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolam%20Thullal | Kolam Thullal | Kolam Thullal is a ritual dance form prevalent in south Kerala, southern India. It is customary in houses and temples of Bhagavathy, a female deity. It is performed at temple festivals and to drive away evil spirits from the "possessed" bodies. Its origins lie with the Tinta group of the Kaniyar caste. The ritual is similar to the Tovil and Kolam rituals of the Sinhalese people in Sri Lanka
See also
Kerala Folklore Akademi
Kathakali
References
Dances of Kerala |
4038916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Moonlight | Thomas Moonlight | Thomas Moonlight (September 30, 1833February 7, 1899) was a United States politician and soldier. Moonlight served as Governor of Wyoming Territory from 1887 to 1889.
Birth
Moonlight was born in Forfarshire, Scotland. He was baptized on 30 September 1833 in St Vigeans, Angus, Scotland with birth record number 319/0040 0169. His family can be traced in Scotland back to the 1600s, and to Archibald Moonlight and his wife Margaret Elspet Andersone. Moonlight was one of 10 children.
Moonlight's birth date is frequently quoted as 10 November 1833 (including on his grave marker), but his baptism records exist for 30 September 1833. Early Scottish and English record keeping relied on the church where more commonly the baptism date and not birth date was recorded. It was not until government record keeping began that formal birth dates were recorded.
Early life
When he was seven, records show he lived in Gallowden on a farm with about ninety acres. Moonlight lived with his family and a maid. By 1851, Moonlight no longer lived with his family, which supports evidence he left Scotland at an early age. Some think that he left Scotland alone, but family stories say he possibly left with his two cousins, George and Thomas.
Moonlight is thought to have worked farms in the East until he enlisted in the army at the age of twenty.
Just as Thomas achieved fame in the US, his cousin George eventually left America and achieved fame as a Pioneer and Prospector in New Zealand where the township of Moonlight is named after him. George was said to have retained his American accent all his life and took the name Captain George Fairweather Moonlight. As he had no right to the title Captain, speculation is he adopted Thomas's military achievements in the US. Several places in New Zealand were named by George (Shenandoah River, Rappahannock, Minnehaha) taking America to New Zealand. Both of his cousins are buried in Nelson, New Zealand.
Life in the United States
Civil War
In 1853, at the age of twenty, Moonlight enlisted in the 4th U.S. Artillery Regiment (Company D). He served in Texas from 1853 to 1856, and was promoted to the rank of orderly sergeant. Moonlight settled in Leavenworth County, Kansas in 1860.
When the American Civil War began in 1861, Moonlight raised a company of artillery for the 4th Kansas Infantry, but the regiment never completed organization. The recruits to the company (and another regiment) were reassigned to the 1st Kansas Battery; Moonlight briefly served as its captain. Moonlight later joined the 11th Kansas Infantry as its lieutenant colonel. The regiment became the 11th Kansas Cavalry and Moonlight its colonel. Moonlight briefly commanded the 14th Kansas Cavalry as lieutenant colonel but was later ordered to return to the 11th Kansas Cavalry.
His service during the war was primarily in Kansas against bushwhackers and border guerrillas. He also pursued William C. Quantrill's raiders following the Lawrence Massacre. In 1864, he commanded the 3rd Sub-district in the District of South Kansas. During Sterling Price's Missouri Raid in 1864, Colonel Moonlight commanded the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division in the Army of the Border and was conspicuous at the Battle of Westport.
Indian wars
Toward the end of the war, Moonlight was in command of the District of Colorado and campaigned against Indians on the plains. On February 13, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Moonlight for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from February 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 23, 1865.
In April 1865, Moonlight became the commander of the north sub-district of the Great Plains headquartered at Fort Laramie, Wyoming. On May 26, Moonlight hanged two Oglala Lakota Sioux chiefs, Two Face and Black Foot. A white woman, Lucinda Ewbanks, and her small child were discovered living in pitiful condition among the Oglala bands. They had been kidnapped by Cheyenne almost a year earlier and sold to the Oglala band of Two Face and Black Foot. Moonlight ordered the two Oglala hanged, apparently over the opposition of Mrs. Ewbanks and although warned by civilians at the fort of repercussions. George Bent and others tell the story differently. He said the two Oglala ransomed the woman from the Cheyenne and brought her into the fort as a peace gesture. Moonlight, however, arrested and hanged them, an action which Mrs. Ewbanks protested. Their bodies, and also that of a Cheyenne, were left hanging from the gallows for months in public view.
On June 3, the army fearing that the 1,500 Lakota, mostly Brulé, and Arapaho living near Fort Laramie, might become hostile, decided to move them about 300 miles east to Fort Kearny in Nebraska. The Indian protested that Fort Kearny was in Pawnee territory and the Pawnee were their traditional enemies. Moreover, they feared, with reason, there would be no food for them at Fort Kearny. The army insisted and the Indians, with an escort of 138 cavalrymen under Captain William D. Fouts, departed Fort Laramie on June 11. However, on June 13, near present-day Morrill, Nebraska, some of the Indians decided to flee northward across the North Platte River. Attempting to stop them, Fouts and four soldiers were killed.
Hearing of the disaster, Moonlight departed Fort Laramie with 234 cavalry to pursue the Indians. He traveled so fast that many of his men had to turn back because their horses were spent. On June 17, near present-day Harrison, Nebraska, the Lakota raided his horse herd and relieved him of most of his remaining horses. Moonlight and many of his men had to walk 60 miles back to Fort Laramie. Moonlight was severely criticized by his soldiers for being drunk and not guarding the horse herd. On July 7, Moonlight was relieved of his command and mustered out of the army.
Political career
Moonlight returned to his farm and became involved in Kansas politics. He was a Republican until 1870, when he switched to Democrat. He served as the Kansas Secretary of State, and also as State Senator. In 1864 Moonlight was a presidential elector, casting a ballot for the re-election of the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln. From January 8, 1883, to January 22, 1885, he served as the Adjutant General of Kansas.
Moonlight was appointed governor of the Wyoming Territory by President Grover Cleveland on January 5, 1887. Moonlight served as governor until April 9, 1889. After his term as governor, he served as United States Minister to Bolivia from 1893 to 1897. He was unsuccessful in his run for governor of Kansas in 1886.
Family life
Moonlight married Ellen Elizabeth Murray (born in Ireland) and they had seven children.
Death
Moonlight died on February 7, 1899, and is buried in Mount Muncie Cemetery in Lansing, Kansas. Moonlight's wife is buried in the same cemetery.
See also
List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)
Notes
References
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
External links
Wyoming State Archives
Wyoming State Historical Society
1833 births
1899 deaths
United States Army soldiers
Union Army colonels
People of Kansas in the American Civil War
American military personnel of the Indian Wars
19th-century American diplomats
Secretaries of State of Kansas
Kansas state senators
Governors of Wyoming Territory
Kansas Republicans
Kansas Democrats
Wyoming Democrats
Scottish emigrants to the United States
People from Angus, Scotland
19th-century American politicians |
4038917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panningen | Panningen | Panningen (; ) is a Dutch town with a population of 7,618 inhabitants (2020) and is the biggest village of the municipality Peel en Maas. It is centrally located between the cities of Roermond, Weert and Venlo in the north of the Dutch province Limburg. Before the 2010 municipal redivision, when Panningen became a part of the newly formed municipality of Peel en Maas, it was part of Helden. Together with Helden, Panningen forms a double core, the double core Helden-Panningen has 13,863 inhabitants (2020). Its nearest city, Venlo, lies about 13 km eastwards.
The built-up area of the town is 3.38 km², and contains 4523 residences.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Peel en Maas |
4038926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagarism | Hagarism | Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World is a 1977 book about the early history of Islam by the historians Patricia Crone and Michael Cook. Drawing on archaeological evidence and contemporary documents in Arabic, Armenian, Coptic, Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, Latin and Syriac, Crone and Cook depict an early Islam very different from the traditionally-accepted version derived from Muslim historical accounts.
According to the authors, "Hagarenes" was a term which near-contemporary sources used to name an Arab movement of the 7th century CE whose conquests and resultant caliphate were inspired by Jewish messianism. Crone and Cook contend that an alliance of Arabs and Jews sought to reclaim the Promised Land from the Byzantine Empire, that the Qur'an consists of 8th-century edits of various Judeo-Christian and other Middle-Eastern sources, and that Muhammad was the herald of Umar "the redeemer", a Judaic messiah.
Although the hypotheses proposed in Hagarism have been criticized, even by the authors themselves, the book has been hailed as a seminal work in its branch of Islamic historiography. The book questioned prevailing assumptions about traditional sources, proposing new interpretations that opened avenues for research and discussion. It connected the history of early Islam to other areas, from Mediterranean late antiquity to theories of acculturation. Following earlier critical work by Goldziher, Schacht, and Wansbrough, it challenged scholars to use a much wider methodology, including techniques already used in biblical studies. It is thus credited for provoking a major development of the field, even though it might be viewed more as a "what-if" experiment than as a research monograph.
Synopsis
Cook and Crone postulate that "Hagarism" started as a "Jewish messianic movement" to "reestablish Judaism" in the Jewish Holyland (Palestine), that its adherents were first known as muhajirun rather than Muslims, and that their hijra (migration) was to Jerusalem rather than Medina. Its members were initially both Jewish and Arab but the Arabs' increasing success impelled them to break from the Jews around the time of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in the late seventh century. They flirted with Christianity, learning a respect for Jesus as prophet and Mary as Virgin, before asserting an independent Abrahamic monotheist identity. This borrowed from the Jewish breakaway sect of Samaritanism "the idea of a scripture limited to the Pentateuch, a prophet like Moses (Muhammad), a holy book revealed like the Torah (the Quran), a sacred city (Mecca) with a nearby mountain (Jabal an-Nour) and shrine (the Kaaba) of an appropriate patriarch (Abraham), plus a caliphate modeled on an Aaronid priesthood."
Methodology
Hagarism begins with the premise that Western historical scholarship on the beginnings of Islam should be based on contemporary historical, archaeological and philological data, as is done for the study of Judaism and Christianity, rather than Islamic traditions and later Arabic writings. The tradition expresses dogma, and tells historically irreconcilable and anachronistic accounts of the community's past. By relying on contemporary historical, archaeological and philological evidence, stressing non-Muslim sources, the authors attempt to reconstruct and present what they argue is a more historically accurate account of Islam's origins.
The term Hagarism
According to the authors, Hagarenes is a term used commonly by various sources (Greek , Syriac or ) to describe the 7th-century Arab conquerors. The word was a self-designation of the early Muslim community with a double-meaning. Firstly, it is a cognate of , an Arabic term for those who partake in (exodus). Secondly, it refers to Ishmaelites: descendants of Abraham through his handmaid Hagar and their child Ishmael, in the same way as the Jews claimed descent and their ancestral faith from Abraham through his wife Sarah and their child Isaac. Muhammad would have claimed such descent for Arabs to give them a birthright to the Holy Land and to prepend a monotheist genealogy compatible with Judaism to their pagan ancestral practice (such as sacrifice and circumcision). Hagarism thus refers to this early faith movement. The designation as Muslims and Islam would only come later, after the success of conquests made the duty of hijra obsolete.()
Origins
The authors, interpreting 7th century Syriac, Armenian and Hebrew sources, put forward the hypothesis that Muhammad was alive during the conquest of Palestine (about two years longer than traditionally believed; the caliphate of Abu Bakr was hence a later invention).
He led Jews and Hagarenes (Arabs) united under a faith loosely described as Judeo-Hagarism, as a prophet preaching the coming of a Judaic messiah who would redeem the Promised Land from the Christian Byzantines. This redeemer came in the person of Umar, as suggested by the Aramaic origins of his epithet .
The , the defining idea and religious duty of Hagarenes, thus referred to the emigration from northern Arabia to Palestine (later more generally to conquered territories), not to a single exodus from Mecca to Medina (in particular, "no seventh-century source identifies the Arab era as that of the hijra"). Mecca was only a secondary sanctuary; the initial gathering of Hagarenes and Jews took place rather somewhere in north-west Arabia, north of Medina.
Development
After the successful conquest of the Holy Land, Hagarenes feared that being too influenced by Judaism might result in outright conversion and assimilation.
In order to break with Jewish messianism, they recognised Jesus as messiah (though rejecting his crucifixion), which also served to soften the initially hostile attitude towards a growing numbers of Christian subjects.
However, to form a distinct identity, not conflated with either Judaism or Christianity, ancestral practice was reframed as a distinct monotheistic Abrahamic religion.
It took the Samaritan scriptural position, defined as accepting the Pentateuch while rejecting prophets.
This also served to undermine the legitimacy of the Davidic monarchy, which the Samaritans rejected, as well as the sanctity of Jerusalem.
Instead, Samaritans had had their holy city in Shechem and a temple on the nearby Mount Gerizim; Mecca with its nearby mountain were contrived as a parallel of these.
To combine the Abrahamic, Christian, and Samaritan elements, the role of Muhammad was recast as a prophet parallel to Moses, bringing a new scriptural revelation. The Quran was expeditiously collected from earlier disparate Hagarene writings, possibly heavily edited into its complete form by al-Hajjaj (that is, in the last decade of the 7th century rather than the middle, under Uthman, as traditionally believed; see Origin according to academic historians).
The political theory of early Islam was based on two sources. The first was Samaritan high-priesthood, which joins political and religious authority and legitimises it on basis of religious knowledge and genealogy. Secondly, a resurgence of Judaic influences in Babylonian Iraq, which led to the reassertion of messianism in the form of mahdism, especially in Shia Islam.
The identification as Hagarenes was replaced with the Samaritan notion of Islam (understood as submission or as a covenant of peace), its adherents becoming Muslims.
Consolidation in Iraq
The transition to a confident, recognisably Islamic identity, with its various borrowings assimilated, occurred in the late 7th century, during the reign of Abd al-Malik.
However, its evolution continued.
As power was transferred from Syria to Iraq, Islam incorporated the rabbinical culture of Babylonian Judaism: religious law practised by a learned laity and based on oral traditions.
In the second half of the eighth century, the early Muʿtazila, simultaneously with Karaite Judaism, rejected all oral traditions, leading to a failed attempt to base law on Greek rationalism. In response, scholars followed Shafi'i in gathering chains of authorities (isnads) to support traditions item by item. This original solution finalised the independence of Islam from Judaism.
Part I of the book ends by considering the peculiar state in which the Hagarenes found themselves: their own success pushed them away from the sanctuaries of Jerusalem and Mecca to Babylonia, as finalised by the Abbasid Revolution; Umar had already lived and there was no lost land or freedom to hope for. This led Sunni religious politics into quietism under a desanctified state, contrasted only with "Sufi resignation".
Wider context
The remainder of the book, Parts II and III, discuss later developments and the larger context in which Islam originated: the Late Antique Near East, and relate it to theoretical themes of cultural history.
This contrasts with the usual setting, focusing almost exclusively on Arabian indigenous polytheistic beliefs (jahiliyya).
Reception
The thesis of Hagarism is not widely accepted. Crone and Cook's work was part of revisionist history arising from several scholars associated with the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), beginning in the 1970s. They introduced methods from biblical studies as a new way of analyzing the history of the Koran and Islam, for instance, the use of contemporary texts in languages other than that used in the holy text, and incorporating evidence from archeology and linguistics.
Hagarism was acknowledged as raising some interesting questions and being a fresh approach in its reconstruction of early Islamic history, but it was described by Josef van Ess as an experiment. He argued that a “refutation is perhaps unnecessary since the authors make no effort to prove it (the hypothesis of the book) in detail ... Where they are only giving a new interpretation of well-known facts, this is not decisive. But where the accepted facts are consciously put upside down, their approach is disastrous."
Jack Tannous, associate professor at Princeton, called the book "brilliantly provocative" in 2011. He commented:
Stephen Humphreys, professor at UCSB, wrote in his analytic review of the historiography of early Islam:
David Waines, professor at Lancaster University, states:
The journalist Toby Lester commented in The Atlantic that Hagarism was a notorious work, and that when it was published it "came under immediate attack, from Muslim and non-Muslim scholars alike, for its heavy reliance on hostile sources." He added that, "Crone and Cook have since backed away from some of its most radical propositions—such as, for example, that the Prophet Muhammad lived two years longer than the Muslim tradition claims he did, and that the historicity of his migration to Medina is questionable."
According to Liaquat Ali Khan who claimed to have interviewed Patricia Crone and Michael Cook, both of them would have later suggested that the central thesis of the book was mistaken because the evidence they had to support the thesis was not sufficient or internally consistent enough. Patricia Crone would have suggested to him that the book was “a graduate essay" and "a hypothesis," not "a conclusive finding", but they did nothing to acknowledge it publicly as Khan wrote "that Cook and Crone have made no manifest effort to repudiate their juvenile findings in the book. The authors admitted to me that they had not done it and cater no plans to do so."
Scholarly reviews
John Wansbrough, who had mentored the authors, reviewed the book, specifically the first part, in the Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. He begins by praising the book claiming, "the authors' erudition is extraordinary their industry everywhere evident, their prose ebullient." But, he says that "most, if not all, [of the sources] have been or can be challenged on suspicion of inauthenticity" and that "the material is upon occasion misleadingly represented ... My reservations here, and elsewhere in this first part of the book, turn upon what I take to be the authors' methodological assumptions, of which the principal must be that a vocabulary of motives can be freely extrapolated from a discrete collection of literary stereotypes composed by alien and mostly hostile observers, and thereupon employed to describe, even interpret, not merely the overt behaviour but also intellectual and spiritual development of the helpless and mostly innocent actors. Where even the sociologist fears to tread, the historian ought not with impunity be permitted to go."
R. B. Serjeant wrote in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society that Hagarism is "not only bitterly anti-Islamic in tone, but anti-Arabian. Its superficial fancies are so ridiculous that at first one wonders if it is just a 'leg pull', pure 'spoof'."
Eric Manheimer, reviewing the work in The American Historical Review, commented that, "The research on Hagarism is thorough, but this reviewer feels that the conclusions drawn lack balance. The weights on the scales tip too easily toward the hypercritical side, tending to distract from what might have been an excellent study in comparative religion."
Writing on Speculum, Oleg Grabar described Hagarism as a "brilliant, fascinating, original, arrogant, highly debatable book" and writes that "the authors' fascination with lapidary formulas led them to cheap statements or to statements which require unusual intellectual gymnastics to comprehend and which become useless, at best cute" and that "... the whole construction proposed by the authors lacks entirely in truly historical foundations" but also praised the authors for trying to "relate the Muslim phenomenon to broad theories of acculturation and historical change." The classicist Norman O. Brown wrote in Apocalypse and/or Metamorphosis (1991) that Hagarism, "illustrates in an ominous way the politics of Orientalism", and citing Grabar's review, added that, "The Western tradition of urbane condescension has degenerated into aggressive, unscrupulous even, calumny".
Michael G. Morony remarked on the Journal of Near Eastern Studies that "Despite a useful bibliography, this is a thin piece of full of glib generalizations, facile assumptions, and tiresome jargon. More argument than evidence, it suffers all the problems of intellectual history, including reification and logical traps."
Fred M. Donner, reviewing Hagarism for the Middle East Studies Association Bulletin in 2006, viewed the book as a "wake-up call": despite initial repudiation, it set a milestone by pointing out that scholars need to "consider a much more varied body of source material than most were used to using, or trained to use." On the other hand, he criticized the book's indiscriminate use of non-Muslim sources and the "labyrinthine" arguments incomprehensible even to many who had strong specialist training.
Follow-up work
Robert G. Hoyland characterized Hagarism as evolving into a wider inter-disciplinary and literary approach, and said that additional studies would be published in the Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam (SLAEI Series) in which his book appears. Since then the "SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies" has also published a selection of authors who are continuing to produce work related to a modified form of this theory.
The 2012 documentary Islam: The Untold Story, by English novelist and popular historian Tom Holland, is based on Crone's theories.
See also
Historiography of early Islam
Revisionist school of Islamic studies
Seeing Islam As Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam – a book by Robert G. Hoyland, former student of Patricia Crone, providing an extensive collection of contemporary non-Muslim sources that give accounts of the formative period of Islam.
References
Further reading
Coster, Marije, "Hagarism", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I, pp. 236–239.
External links
Full text of Hagarism; The Making Of The Islamic World Crone, Cook
1977 non-fiction books
Books by Michael Cook (historian)
Books by Patricia Crone
Books critical of Islam
English-language books
History books about Islam
Origins of Islam |
4038930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garudan%20Thookkam | Garudan Thookkam | Garudan Thookkamis a ritual art form performed in certain Kali temples in some Central Kerala districts in south India. The people who dress up as Garuda perform the dance. After the dance performance, the hang-designate dangle from a shaft hooking the skin on his back. In some places, the ritual is performed colorfully with Garudas taken in a procession on bullock carts or boats or hand pulled carts. It will be available in Devi temple during the festival of Meena bharani and Pathamudayam in Thiruvanchoor in Kottayam district.
Legend has it that even after slaying Darika, Kali remained insatiable and thirsty. At this time Vishnu sent Garuda to Kali to quench the thirst. A dancing and bleeding Garuda was taken to Kali and only after getting some drops of blood from Garuda, Kali was pacified. The ritual is performed based on this belief.
Garudan Thookam is submitted as a reward for the problems solved in the abode of Goddess Kali. There is a famous Garudan Thookam at the Elamkavu Devi temple at Vadayar in Vaikkom taluk of Kottayam district. During the Aswathi, Bharani days of Meenam Month (Malayalam), more than 40 to 50 Garudan in the Thooka chadus, decorated and floated in thoni vallams (big country-boats), travel behind the Attuvela - a wooden structure constructed in the form of a three storied building which is considered as the floating temple of the Goddess Kali in the Moovattupuzha river. This is one of the best sights, with illuminated Structures. After the night long performance with the help of scores of chenda experts, the Garudans - bleeding after the Choondakuthal (Piercing of the skin on their back with a sharp metal hook) will be hung on a tall pedestal-like structure and taken thrice around the temple by the devotees. This is seen at the Pazhaveedu temple at Alappuzha district. But here the performance is done on a chariot-like structure on the road.
This ritual is performed at Pallikkalkavu Bhagavathi temple (Njeezhoor, Kottayam (Dist)) on Makara Bharani day. This ritual was performed at Kottekkavu Bhagavathy temple (Ernakulam Dist) on Meenabharani. Araynkavu Devi temple Ernakulam dist (on Pooram, Meenam) and Irapuram Devi temple near perumbavoor (on Kumbha Bharani day) has the highest number of garduan thookkam in Kerala. More than 100 Garudan performers perform in these temples every year.
Garudanthoookam is also performed in Polassery Bhagavathi temple in [Polassery, vaikom] in Kottayam district on meenabharani . Garudanthookam is performed in this temple in every year.
See also
Kathakali
Dances of Kerala
Hindu dance traditions |
4038953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine%20%28disambiguation%29 | Guillotine (disambiguation) | A guillotine is a device for carrying out executions by decapitation.
Guillotine or Guillotines may also refer to:
Cutting
Guillotine, a type of cigar cutter
Guillotine cutting, the process of partitioning a material by bisecting it
Guillotine (metalwork) or shear
Paper cutter or paper guillotine
Film
Guillotine (film), a 1924 German silent drama film
The Guillotines, a 2012 Chinese film
Music
"The Guillotine", a 2006 song by Escape The Fate
"Guillotine", a 2016 song by Jon Bellion
Guillotine (band), an Indian musical group
Guillotine (British India album) (2007)
Guillotine (Circle album) (2003)
"Guillotine" (Death Grips song), a 2011 song by Death Grips
Sports
Guillotine (wrestling) or the twister, a spinal lock
Guillotine choke, a martial arts chokehold
Guillotine, a press-up where the chest, head, and neck are lowered below the plane of the hands
Other uses
Guillotine (character), a character from Marvel Comics
Guillotine (game), a card game
Guillotine (magic trick)
Cloture or guillotine, a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end
See also
Flying guillotine, a Chinese premodern combat weapon |
4038954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Ol%C3%ADmpico%20Patria | Estadio Olímpico Patria | Estadio Olímpico Patria is a multi-purpose stadium in Sucre, Bolivia. It is currently used for football matches and is the home venue for Universitario de Sucre and Independiente Petrolero, and was used for the Copa América 1997. The stadium holds 30,700 and was opened in 1992.
References
Sports venues completed in 1992
Football venues in Bolivia
Copa América stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Bolivia
Estadio Olímpico Patria
Sport in Sucre |
4038960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Sullivan%20%28EastEnders%29 | Dan Sullivan (EastEnders) | Dan Sullivan is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Craig Fairbrass. He was first introduced to the series as a regular character from 7 June 1999 to 10 July 2000 before returning as one of the show's primary antagonists from 26 February to 16 August 2001.
The character originally appeared in Albert Square as the new boyfriend of local resident Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson), but it quickly transpired that Dan had previously had a relationship with her daughter Bianca (Patsy Palmer); he soon embarked on an affair with Bianca until her mother eventually found out about it and Carol thereupon exposed this to Bianca's husband Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen) — which later resulted in the latter being written out of the programme alongside both Bianca and Carol. Soon afterwards, Dan established an intense feud with Ricky's stepbrother Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden); they started out as best-friends when Phil's brother Grant (Ross Kemp) left the square and even went into business partnership at The Queen Victoria public house, but ended up becoming archenemies after Phil conned Dan's ownership of the pub in retribution for Dan reporting Phil to the police about his motor scam with both Ricky's father Frank (Mike Reid) and his longtime companion Roy Evans (Tony Caunter). The ensuing rivalry between Dan and Phil continued to escalate in one of the show's greatest and most memorable storylines in soap history, Who Shot Phil?; wherein Dan becomes a prime suspect after Phil gets shot on the night their ex-lover Mel Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite) married the duo's fellow nemesis Steve Owen (Martin Kemp).
By then, Dan's growing conflicts with both Phil and Steve were respectively steamed from each of their own romances with Mel — whom Dan had formerly dated after his relationship with one of the pub's customers, Teresa di Marco (Leila Birch), ended with the character sparking a quarrel with her overprotective brother Gianni (Marc Bannerman). He also ends up squaring up against the Mitchell family amid the "Who Shot Phil" scenario by clashing with Phil's mother Peggy (Barbara Windsor); extorting money from his godson Jamie (Jack Ryder); and tormenting the latter's estranged uncle Billy (Perry Fenwick). Although it was ultimately revealed on 5 April 2001 that Phil's ex-girlfriend Lisa Shaw (Lucy Benjamin) was in fact the shooter, Phil ends up framing Dan for the crime by colluding with his former crime boss Ritchie Stringer (Gareth Hunt) against him; Dan is consequently arrested and wrongfully imprisoned prior to his trial in mid-summer 2001. While Phil and Steve — though sworn enemies — worked together to rid themselves of their common adversary, the trial culminated with Dan being found not guilty by the jury.
Afterwards, Dan sought to get revenge on both Phil and Steve by kidnapping Mel and then blackmailing his two alpha male rivals into giving him £100,000 each in exchange for her safety. The storyline of Mel's kidnapping, which occurred in August 2001 and simultaneously commenced the stage where the show would start presenting four episodes a week, led to a climatic showdown between Dan and Phil on 16 August 2001 when the former forced the latter to make the exchange of the ransom money for Mel. The confrontation between them saw Phil disarm Dan and preparing to kill him, but Dan ultimately overpowered Phil with Mel's help after she gradually realized that Dan was indeed framed for Phil's shooting. In the end, Dan got his revenge and — after taking Mel back to the square — left the country with his £200,000 ransom; the character had exited the show on 16 August 2001 at the end of Mel's kidnapping scenario.
Storylines
Dan Sullivan arrives in Walford — a fictionalized borough in East London — on 7 June 1999, appearing as the latest boyfriend of local café manager Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson). They soon move to Walford's local community, Albert Square, where the couple plan to get married after Dan learns that Carol is expecting his child. Their wedding plans surprise Carol's daughter Bianca (Patsy Palmer), as she and Dan had a fling when she was a teenager on holiday many years before. After the pair find themselves secretly reacquainted with each other, Dan and Bianca start an affair — even though she is married to local resident Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen), who ends up befriending Dan. Eventually, Carol discovers the affair and publicly exposes it in front of Ricky and their neighbors. She then disowns Bianca, breaks-up with Dan by chucking him out of her house, and later aborts their child before leaving Walford. Bianca subsequently departs the square after she and Dan are unable to resume their relationship. Shortly afterwards, Dan and Ricky begin to clash after Ricky blames Dan for ruining his life and marriage with Bianca. The hostility between them escalates when Dan begins to flirt with Ricky's sister Janine (Charlie Brooks), which promptly sparks a conflict between the siblings' father Frank (Mike Reid) and Dan himself. One such incident between them involves Frank punching Dan for making remarks on how he brought up his children. This eventually becomes too much for Ricky, who ends up leaving the square in April 2000.
It is at this point where Dan has become closely acquainted with Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) — the square's local hardman who is also partly related to the Butcher family as he is Ricky's former brother-in-law and Frank's eldest stepson. Dan quickly establishes himself as Phil's best-friend as the two continue to bond over their relationship problems and business interests, with Phil even confiding to Dan about how Ricky previously married his sister Sam (Danniella Westbrook) before his marriage with Bianca emerged years afterwards. Towards the Millennium celebrations, Dan finds Phil spending his Christmas alone at The Queen Victoria public house and comforts him over his wife Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth) and their son Ben leaving the county without him months ago. They soon proceed to form a business partnership when Phil sells his ownership of The Queen Vic to Dan for £5; with Phil having done so to spite his mother Peggy (Barbara Windsor) in retribution for supposedly favoring his brother Grant (Ross Kemp), who recently left the square following a botched criminal job between the brothers, more than him. Phil slowly regrets this decision after his girlfriend Lisa Shaw (Lucy Benjamin) confronts him for upsetting Peggy. However, Dan refuses to relinquish his ownership of the pub back to Peggy and later discovers that Phil is running a car lot scam with both Frank and their colleague Roy Evans (Tony Caunter). When Lisa is rushed to hospital one night, Dan offers Phil a lift to the hospital and the two begin arguing over his ownership of the pub — which Dan once again refuses to relinquish back to Peggy for £10,000. Phil lashes out in response to this, but Dan overpowers Phil and threatens to report him to the police. Phil backs down and leaves Dan outside of the hospital, where inside he finds out that Lisa has suffered a miscarriage and that their unborn baby has died. The next day, Dan learns that Phil plans to kick him out of the house and responds by reporting his motor scam to the police; Phil later changes his mind after he makes amends with Dan, and the two plan on further establishing their partnership whilst Dan hopes to cover-up his betrayal from Phil.
By then, Dan has romantically bonded with Phil's barmaid and Lisa's best-friend: Mel Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite). Their growing relationship is initially contracted when Dan befriends and later dates one of the pub's regular customers, Teresa di Marco (Leila Birch), which causes her overprotective brother Gianni (Marc Bannerman) to become suspicious over his intentions. When Gianni witnesses Dan further wooing Teresa and her friends, he confronts them and warns Dan to stay away from his sister. They nearly brawl after Gianni chucks a drink at Dan for dismissing him, but Mel separates them and Teresa later ends her crush on Dan at her family's urging. Dan then continues to develop his relationship with Mel, who soon learns about him reporting Phil and his motor scam to the police. Mel subsequently confides this secrecy to Lisa, who ends up telling Phil about Dan tipping off the police about his motor scam. This causes Phil to end his friendship with Dan, and he later plots to win back his share of the pub as payback. Phil arranges a card game between him and Dan, who ends up losing after the former tricks him into refunding his £5. Outraged, Dan swears revenge on Phil. He soon learns that Mel told Phil about his tip-off and, suspecting that she conspired with Phil against him, begins stalking her — up to the point where he even threatens Mel with phone calls. This continues until Dan, while corning Mel just as she finishes one of her with her night shifts at the pub, finds himself confronted by her boyfriend Steve Owen (Martin Kemp) — who threatens to kill Dan unless he leaves the square. At first Dan ignores Steve and plans to further harass Mel, but is forced to change his mind when Steve visits him with a gun — thus making his threat clear; Dan seemingly complies to his demands and leaves the square on 7 July 2000.
Six months later, Dan returns to the square in 26 February 2001 — still determined to get revenge on Phil. He plans to confirm this to Steve and, after learning that he and Mel are set to get married at the start of March 2001, sets out to visit him at his nightclub; the E20. There, he finds Phil's cousin Billy (Perry Fenwick) working as Steve's secretary and orders him to summon Steve himself. Billy initially refuses and attempts to threaten Dan by brandishing Steve's gun out of his safe, but Dan is unfazed and — after taunting Billy over how he would really feel about killing a man — easily disarms Billy, forcing him to drop his gun and discuss like "big boys". Moments later, Steve arrives and orders Billy to get out of his office. Dan then proceeds to sarcastically offer Steve his congratulations, and the two begin exchanging threats to each other when Steve reminds Dan of the last warning he gave him about leaving the square for good. Although Dan tells Steve that he is back in the square to deal with Phil and not Mel, he is dismissed at the expense of warning Steve to not be fooled by Mel as she previously did to her ex-husband Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt). Their conversation ends with Dan offering Steve a handshake, to which Steve threateningly rejects by telling Dan to get out of his office — which prompts Dan to tell Steve that he'll regret crossing him. On the day Steve and Mel get married, Dan approaches Billy at Steve's wedding reception and demands that he bring Phil for him when the latter arrives. Billy complies and tells Phil that Dan is waiting for him in Steve's office, much to Steve's frustration. Upon confronting each other, Dan tells Phil that he plans to settle his score with him and begins to taunt him just as Phil gives Dan five seconds to get out of his sight. When Phil ends up chucking wine from his glass into Dan's face, Dan threatens Phil by promising him that he'll regret it. Later on that night, Phil is shot by an unknown assailant — though not before Dan resorts to harassing him with phone calls. Following Phil's shooting, Dan becomes a prime suspect. He soon begins to target Phil's godson Jamie (Jack Ryder), threatening to inflict violence on the youngster unless he agrees to repay him the money Phil owes him. Jamie makes his effort to avoid succumbing to Dan's threats, even when Phil learns about Dan's comeback. Dan also continues to torment Mel once more, and begins clashing with Steve over their similar issues with Phil.
It is soon revealed that Lisa is the culprit who shot Phil. After confronting Lisa over the shooting, Phil forgives her and decides to frame Dan — knowing that Dan is a much bigger threat to him than Lisa. He first contacts Dan's former crime boss, Ritchie Stringer (Gareth Hunt), and together the pair hatch a plan where Dan would be given the same gun that Lisa used to shoot Phil. Once the weapon is in his position, Dan later confronts Phil at the garage to extort money from him — threatening to shoot him otherwise. When Jamie ends up walking to see Phil being held at gunpoint, he attempts to disarm Dan — who fights off Jamie and ends up shooting the garage's clock from the resulting impact. Moments later, the police arrive thanks to Phil's tip-off and Dan is consequently arrested; he is later charged with attempted murder and will be put on trial for the crime in July 2001.
Before the trial commences, Phil convinces Steve to work together in getting Dan imprisoned — under the guise that the pair, though archenemies, would be well-ridden of their common nemesis and Mel's tormenting ex-boyfriend once and for all. Phil also summons his lawyer Marcus Christie (Stephen Churchett) to help Jamie prepare in testifying against Dan, while also forcing Ian to help contribute to his testimony as well. Despite all their efforts, however, Dan is found not guilty by the jury in August 2001. Deducing that Phil had framed him for the shooting and that Steve had been conspiring with their shared enemy against him, Dan resolves to get revenge on his two alpha male rivals once and for all — up to the point where he wrongfully asserts that Steve is the one who shot Phil. He first blackmails Billy into giving him leverage against Phil and Steve. When he learns from Billy that Mel had a one-night stand with Phil on Christmas Night 2000 before marrying Steve months later, Dan realizes that Mel is the key to his plan and sets out to target her as a result of this. Dan soon kidnaps Mel and holds her captive in an abandoned tower block building, whereupon he alerts Phil and Steve of the situation. When he calls them again, Dan demands that Phil and Steve give him £100,000 each in exchange for Mel's safety. It soon becomes clear that Dan's plan to get revenge on Phil and Steve was to kidnap Mel, the common link between the three rivals, and then blackmail the pair into giving him £200,000 ransom in order to rescue Mel from captivity. This forces Phil and Steve to work together in getting £200,000 for Mel's safety. As they do so, Dan attempts to justify his actions to Mel by telling her what Phil and Steve have been up to; Mel gradually realizes that Dan is telling the truth about being framed for Phil's shooting when he reveals that the pair have been secretly colluding in their ownership of the Queen Vic with Phil's ex-lover Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean). It is then Dan informs Mel that Steve has been having an affair with a blonde woman named Karen to elude himself from grieving over the death of his estranged mother Barbara (Sheila Hancock), which Dan had learned from Billy when blackmailing the latter into giving him leverage against Phil and Steve. These revelations soon help Mel improve the situation despite Dan promising Phil and Steve that he will kill her unless the ransom is completed.
Phil and Steve are eventually successful in getting the £200,000 ransom money, but later get into an argument when Phil secretly acquires a handgun and plans to kill Dan to protect Jamie and Peggy from him. Steve argues that he just wants to get Mel back safely and insists on doing the exchange on his own, only for Dan to then call Phil and demand that he — not Steve — make the exchange on his own. Phil complies with Dan's demand and sets off to make the exchange on his own. When he arrives, Dan puts Mel in a hiding place and then cautiously gets Phil prepared for the meet-up. He first demands Phil to leave his jacket in his car, then to open the duffel bag containing the £200,000 ransom money, and lastly insists that Phil prove he is unarmed. This forces Phil to reveal the gun he hid in his jacket, and Dan forces him to leave the gun in the car before making his way up the building. As Phil obliges, Dan gets out his own handgun and sets off to confront Phil at the elevator. He then awaits for Phil's arrival, but is caught off-guard when Phil suddenly disarms Dan and holds him at gunpoint. After forcing Dan back into the room where Mel is being held captive, Phil is unable to find her and demands to know where she is kept hidden. Dan then begins to taunt Phil over his one-night stand with Mel, which provokes him in kicking Dan to the ground. Phil then prepares to kill Dan, telling him that he will become the first person who he will have intentionally murdered in light of having never really done so before. In that moment, however, Mel intervenes by cutting off the lights. This distracts Phil, and Dan uses the opportunity to disarm him before knocking Phil unconscious. Upon realizing that Mel saved his life, Dan thanks her for saving his life and gives Mel £50,000 in gratitude. When Phil starts to regain consciousness, Dan handcuffs him to a radiator and plans to kill him. Mel, however, appeals to his better nature and urges him to be better than Phil. In response, Dan asks Mel to wait outside for him while he deals with Phil on his own. Once Phil has woken up, Dan threatens to shoot him unless he begs for mercy. Phil refuses and dares Dan to kill him. Eventually, Dan pulls the trigger — causing Phil to flinch. However, the gun is not loaded; Dan reveals that he unloaded the gun to take Mel's advice in proving that he is better than Phil, whom he saw was terrified of dying at the moment he flinched when Dan pulled the trigger. After stating they are now even, Dan gets his final revenge on Phil by gagging him and leaving him handcuffed at the radiator — bidding his archenemy a morbid and taunting farewell. Phil later frees himself and leaves the area, but by then Dan is already long gone after dropping Mel off at a rendezvous point near Walford. Earlier on when they parted ways, Dan apologizes to Mel for putting her through the situation with his revenge plan and wishes her the best of luck. Dan then leaves the country with his £150,000 ransom money — considerably richer than when he first arrived in Walford.
Though he is not seen again on the square again, Dan leaves flowers on Steve's grave following the latter's death in March 2002 — at the epic climax of his feud with Phil — bearing the message "Gotcha!". In 2003, Billy is led to believe that Dan is back in the square to settle a few scores after hearing rumors of his supposed comeback — although this is off-screen. This is later revealed to be a hoax by the police to connect Phil to the alleged murder of Lisa. It soon transpires that Dan is last heard to be living in Spain, but having many brushes with the law — just like he did in the square.
Consequently, Dan is one of the few soap opera villains to not get killed off nor receive any comeuppance for his crimes.
Development
Dan was introduced as a new love interest for the returning Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson), following her separation from her husband, Alan Jackson (Howard Antony).
In 2001, it was reported by The Mirror, that Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) would be shot in a whodunnit style storyline. The possible suspects were Lisa Shaw (Lucy Benjamin), Melanie Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite), Steve Owen (Martin Kemp), Mark Fowler (Todd Carty), Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) and Dan. Some bookmakers refused to take bets as they were convinced that Dan would commit the crime. The bookies' favourite for Phil's shooter was Dan, with the odds 3–1.
See also
List of EastEnders characters (1999)
List of soap opera villains
References
External links
EastEnders characters
Fictional bartenders
Fictional criminals in soap operas
Fictional businesspeople
Fictional kidnappers
Fictional con artists
Fictional gangsters
Male villains
Television characters introduced in 1999
Male characters in television |
4038961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavittu%20Nadakam | Chavittu Nadakam | Chavittu Nadakam (Malayalam:ചവിട്ടുനാടകം) is a highly colorful Latin Christian classical art form originated in Ernakulam district, Kerala state in India. Commonly believed that Fort Kochi is the birthplace of Chavittu Nadakam. It is noted for its attractive make-up of characters, their elaborate costumes, detailed gestures and well-defined body movements presented in tune with the rhythmic playback music and complementary percussion. This art form highly resembles European opera.
The most sensual blend of cultural influences can be seen in this Latin Christian dance-drama.
In Chavittu Nadakam there are large number of characters all in glittering medieval dress. It is the form of traditional musical dance drama, which symbolizes the martial tradition of Kerala Latin Christians.
History
Chaviitu Nadakam is a Latin Christian folk art form of Kerala. It is originated in Cochin where the Latin Christian Portuguese missionaries have instituted their first mission. Chavittu Nadakam is believed to be originated after the arrival of Portuguese to the Kerala shores. The reason behind this assumption is that Chavittu Nadakam has a significant European character in its costumes and outfits. But there are historical evidences that Kerala had connections with the western world well before the arrival of Portuguese. Even though some argue that the Chavittu Nadakam is created by Portuguese as they felt cultural emptiness when they arrived at Kerala, there are no evidences supporting this view. Also the fact that Chavittu Nadakam uses language for its playback songs and dialogue, suggest that the art form is indigenous in origin.
There are also claims that a Tamil named Chinnathambi Annavi as the founder of this art form in 16th century at Mattancherry. He is the author of one of the most famous plays in the art form ‘Karalman Charitham’ (the story of Emperor Charlemagne aka Charles the Great). The art form was active from Kollam to Kodungallur at its peak. There were also other writers like Vedanayakam Pillai, a native of Neyyoor, Kanyakumari. In earlier days this art form was mostly encouraged by the Tamil population and were staged in church premises. Sanjon Annavi, Vareechan Annavi, Cherrechan Annavi and Anthony Annavi were some of the playwrights of the early days. Brazeena Natakam, Ouseph Natakam, Kathrina Natakam, Santi Claus Natakam, Karlman Natakam and Jnana Sundari were some of the popular plays of early days. Chavittu Nadakam attained the style and form of the operas of Europe under the influence of Portuguese and European missionaries who propagated catholic belief in coastal regions of Kerala. The Syrian Christians of Kerala who lived in inlands didn't show any inclination for the art and thus its popularity was confined to Latin Catholic community.
Performance
Chavittu Nadakam is usually performed on open stages. Sometimes the interior of a church is also a venue. The performers wear glittering European costumes. The stage is set up over wooden planks. The training master is known as Annavi. The whole play is performed through musicals. Dance and instrumental music are combined in this art form. The bell and drum are two instruments used as background score. The percussion instruments Pada Thamber and Maravaladi provides the rhythm. The actors themselves sing and act. Though it used to be an open stage performance, in the recent times this is mostly played indoor. The predominant feature of this art is the artists stamping / pounding (Chavittu) the dance floor producing resonant sounds to accentuate the dramatic situations. The actors sing their lines loudly and with exaggerated gestures stamp with great force on the wooden stage. Hence literally Chavittu Nadakam means 'Stamping Drama'. Great stress is laid on the step, which goes in harmony with the songs. In these art forms there is a great importance for dance and art. Foot stamping dance, fighting and fencing are the essential part of Chavittunadakam. Royal dresses and ornamental costumes are necessary.
The play is considered a success if at the end, the stage cave into the pressure of heavy stamping.
Librettos
The stories are mostly the heroic episodes of Bible or great Christian warriors. Historical incidents, the life and adventure of heroes like Charlemagne; stories of Alexander were the themes of Chavittu Nadakam in the 16th century. In the 18th century, spiritual themes like "Allesu-Nadakam", "Cathareena Nadakam", the victory of the Isaac, etc. were the themes. In the 19th century moral themes like "Sathyapalan"; "Njanasundhari", "Komala Chandrika", "Anjelica", "karlsman" were handled.
Malayalam writing
Most popular Chavittu Nadakam plays
Carelman Charitham (Charlemagne the Great)
Brijeena Charitham (Life of Queen Brijeena)
St. Sebastian
Daveedhum Goliyathum (David and Goliath)
Mahanaya Alexander (Alexander the Great)
Veerayodhakkalude Anthyam (Death of Great warriors)
See also
Margam Kali
Slama Carol
Kerala Folklore Academy
Thumpoly Church
References
External links
Chavittu Nadakam Video in Youtube
Chavittu Nadakam Video in WebIndia
Christian Folk Arts
Christian folklore
Culture of Kerala
Arts of Kerala |
4038977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill%20Chaifetz | Jill Chaifetz | Jill Chaifetz (July 24, 1964 – February 2, 2006) was an American lawyer and children's rights advocate.
Chaifetz grew up in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York and graduated from Swarthmore College in 1986. She earned a Juris Doctor degree from the New York University School of Law three years later.
In 1992, Chaifetz founded the Legal Services Center at The Door, a New York youth development agency. Through the center, she provided legal advice to young people, including many who were in foster care or homeless.
She headed Advocates for Children of New York from 1998 until her death from ovarian cancer at the age of 41.
School named in memoriam
The Jill Chaifetz Transfer High School in the South Bronx, New York, is named after Chaifetz.
References
Toosi, Nahal (February 2, 2006). Jill Chaifetz, New York children's rights advocate, dies at 41. Associated Press
Saulny, Susan (February 3, 2006). Jill Chaifetz, Advocate for Students' Rights, Dies at 41. New York Times.
1964 births
2006 deaths
New York (state) lawyers
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Swarthmore College alumni
New York University School of Law alumni
20th-century American women lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American women |
4038986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan-Armin%20Eichhorn | Jan-Armin Eichhorn | Jan-Armin Eichhorn (born 8 May 1981 in Sonneberg) is a German luger who has competed since 1999. He won the bronze medal in the men's singles event at the 2007 FIL World Luge Championships in Igls, Austria.
Eichhorn won a gold medal in the mixed team event at the 2004 FIL European Luge Championships in Oberhof, Germany. His best individual finish was fourth in the men's singles event at those same games.
He also finished sixth in the men's singles at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
References
FIL-Luge profile
External links
1981 births
Living people
German male lugers
Olympic lugers of Germany
Lugers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
People from Sonneberg
Sportspeople from Thuringia |
4038993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omarska%20camp | Omarska camp | The Omarska camp was a concentration camp run by Bosnian Serb forces in the mining town of Omarska, near Prijedor in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina, set up for Bosniak and Croat men and women during the Prijedor massacre. Functioning in the first months of the Bosnian War in 1992, it was one of 677 alleged detention centers and camps set up throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war. While nominally an "investigation center" or "assembly point" for members of the Bosniak and Croatian population, Human Rights Watch classified Omarska as a concentration camp.
The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, located in The Hague, found several individuals guilty of crimes against humanity perpetrated at Omarska. Murder, torture, rape, and abuse of prisoners was common. Around 6,000 Bosniaks and Croats, mainly men, were held at the camp for about five months in the spring and summer of 1992. Hundreds died of starvation, punishment, beatings, ill-treatment and executions.
Overview
Omarska is a predominantly Serb village in northwestern Bosnia, near the town of Prijedor. The camp in the village existed from about 25 May to about 21 August 1992, when the Bosnian Serb military and police unlawfully segregated, detained and confined some of more than 7,000 Muslims and Bosnian Croats captured in Prijedor. Bosnian Serb authorities termed it an "investigation center" and the detainees were accused of paramilitary activities. By the end of 1992, the war had resulted in the death or forced departure of most of the Bosniak and Croat population of Prijedor municipality. About 7,000 people went missing from a population of 25,000, and there are 145 mass graves and hundreds of individual graves in the extended region. There is conflicting information about how many people were killed at Omarska. According to survivors, usually about 30 and sometimes as many as 150 men were singled out and killed in the camp every night. The U.S. State Department and other governments believe that, at a minimum, hundreds of detainees, some of whose identities are unknown, did not survive; many others were killed during the evacuation of the camps in the Prijedor area.
Prijedor massacre
A declaration on the takeover of Prijedor by Serb forces was prepared by Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) politicians and was repeatedly read out on Radio Prijedor the day after the takeover. Four-hundred Bosnian Serb policemen were assigned to participate in the takeover, the objective of which was to seize the functions of the president of the municipality, the vice-president of the municipality, the director of the post office, the chief of the police, etc. On the night of the 29/30 April 1992, the takeover of power took place. Serb employees of the public security station and reserve police gathered in Cirkin Polje, part of the town of Prijedor. The people there were given the task of taking over power in the municipality and were broadly divided into five groups. Each group of about twenty had a leader and each was ordered to gain control of certain buildings. One group was responsible for the Assembly building, one for the main police building, one for the courts, one for the bank and the last for the post-office. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) concluded that the takeover by the Serb politicians was an illegal coup d'état, which was planned and coordinated long in advance with the ultimate aim of creating a pure Serbian municipality. These plans were never hidden and they were implemented in a coordinated action by the Serb police, army and politicians. One of the leading figures was Milomir Stakić, who came to play the dominant role in the political life of the municipality.
Camp
In May 1992, intensive shelling and infantry attacks on Bosniak areas in the municipality caused the Bosniak survivors to flee their homes. The majority of them surrendered or were captured by Serb forces. As the Serb forces rounded up the Bosniak and Croat residents, they forced them to march in columns bound for one or another of the prison camps that the Serb authorities had established in the municipality. On about 25 May 1992, about three weeks after the Serbs took control of the municipal government, and two days after the start of large scale military attacks on Bosniak population centers, Serb forces began taking prisoners to the Omarska camp. During the next several weeks, the Serbs continued to round up Bosniaks and Croats from Kozarac near Prijedor, and other places in the municipality and send them to the camps. Many Bosniak and Croat intellectuals and politicians were sent to Omarska. While virtually all of the prisoners were male, there were also 37 women detained in the camp, who served food and cleaned the walls of the torture rooms, and were repeatedly raped in the canteen; bodies of five of them have been exhumed.
The Omarska mines complex was located about from Prijedor. The first detainees were taken to the camp at some point between 26 and 30 May. The camp buildings were almost completely full and some of the detainees had to be held in the area between the two main buildings. That area was lit up by specially installed spot-lights after the detainees arrived. Female detainees were held separately in the administrative building. According to the wartime documents of Serb authorities, there were a total of 3,334 persons held in the camp from 27 May to 16 August 1992; 3,197 were Bosniaks, 125 were Croats.
Within the area of the Omarska mining complex that was used for the camp, the camp authorities generally confined the prisoners in three different buildings: the administration building, where interrogations and killings took place; the crammed hangar building; the "white house", where the inmates were tortured; and on a cement courtyard area between the buildings known as the "pista", an L-shaped strip of concrete land in between, also a scene of torture and mass killings. There was another small building, known as the "red house", where prisoners were sometimes taken in order to be summarily executed. With the arrival of the first detainees, permanent guard posts and anti-personnel landmines were set up around the camp. The conditions in the camp were horrible. In the building known as the "white house", the rooms were crowded with 45 people in a room no larger than . The faces of the detainees were distorted and bloodstained and the walls were covered with blood. From the beginning, the detainees were beaten with fists, rifle butts and wooden and metal sticks. The guards mostly hit the heart and kidneys whenever they decided to beat someone to death. In the "garage", between 150 and 160 people were "packed like sardines" and the heat was unbearable. For the first few days, the detainees were not allowed out and were given only a jerry can of water and some bread. Men would suffocate during the night and their bodies would be taken out the following morning. The room behind the restaurant was known as "Mujo’s Room". The dimensions of this room were about and the average number of people detained there was 500, most of whom were Bosniaks. The women in the camp slept in the interrogations rooms, which they would have to clean each day as the rooms were covered in blood and pieces of skin and hair. In the camp one could hear the moaning and wailing of people who were being beaten.
The detainees at Omarska had one meal a day. The food was usually spoiled and the process of getting the food, eating and returning the plate usually lasted around three minutes. Meals were often accompanied by beatings. The toilets were blocked and there was human waste everywhere. British journalist Ed Vulliamy testified that when he visited the camp, the detainees were in very poor physical condition. He witnessed them eating a bowl of soup and some bread and said that he had the impression they had not eaten in a long time; they appeared terrified. According to Vulliamy, the detainees drank water from a river that was polluted with industrial waste and many suffered from constipation or dysentery. No criminal report was ever filed against persons detained in the Omarska camp, nor were the detainees apprised of any concrete charges against them. Apparently, there was no legitimate reason justifying these people’s detention.
Murder, torture, rape, and abuse of prisoners was common. Detainees were kept in inhumane conditions and an atmosphere of extreme psychological and physical violence pervaded the camp. The camp guards and frequent visitors who came to the camps used all types of weapons and instruments to beat and otherwise physically abuse the detainees. In particular, Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat political and civic leaders, intellectuals, the wealthy, and other non-Serbs who were considered "extremists" or to have resisted the Bosnian Serbs were especially subjected to beatings and mistreatment which often resulted in death.
In addition, the Omarska and Keraterm camps also operated in a manner designed to discriminate and subjugate the non-Serbs by inhumane acts and cruel treatment. These acts included the brutal living conditions imposed on the prisoners. There was a deliberate policy of overcrowding and lack of basic necessities of life, including inadequate food, polluted water, insufficient or non-existent medical care and unhygienic and cramped conditions. The prisoners all suffered serious psychological and physical deterioration and were in a state of constant fear. Inmates were usually killed by shooting, beating or by the cutting of throats; however, in one incident, prisoners were incinerated on a pyre of burning tires. The corpses were then transferred onto trucks by other inmates or using bulldozers. There were instances where prisoners were brought to dig the graves and did not return. The ICTY Trial Chamber in the Stakić case found on the basis of the evidence presented at trial, that "over 100" prisoners were killed at the camp in late July 1992. About 200 people from Hambarine brought to the camp in July 1992 were held in the building known as the "white House". In the early hours of 17 July, gunshots were heard that continued until dawn. Corpses were seen in front of the "white house" and camp guards were seen shooting rounds of ammunition into the bodies. A witness testified that "everyone was given an extra bullet that was shot in their heads". About 180 bodies in total were loaded onto a truck and taken away.
The camp was closed immediately after a visit by foreign journalists in early August. On 6 or 7 August 1992, the detainees at Omarska were divided into groups and transported in buses to different destinations. About 1,500 people were transported on twenty buses.
Death toll
As part of the ethnic cleansing operations, the Omarska, Keraterm, Manjača, and Trnopolje camps helped the Crisis Committee of the Serbian District of Prijedor to reduce the non-Serb population of Prijedor from more than 50,000 in 1992 to little more than 3,000 in 1995, and even fewer subsequently. Precise calculations about the number who actually died in these camps are difficult to make. Newsweek reporter Roy Gutman claimed that US State Department officials, along with representatives of other Western governments, told him that 4,000–5,000 people, the vast majority of them non-Serbs, perished at Omarska. Journalist Bill Berkeley puts the death toll at 2,000. A member of the United Nations (UN) Commission of Experts testified during the trial of Duško Tadić at the ICTY that their number was in the thousands, but she could not be precise, despite the fact that Serbian officials confirmed there were no large scale releases of prisoners sent there. A member of the Crisis Committee, Simo Drljača, who served as chief of police for Prijedor, has stated that there were 6,000 "informative conversations" (meaning interrogations) in Omarska, Keraterm and Trnopolje, and that 1,503 non-Serbs were transferred from those three camps to Manjača, leaving 4,497 unaccounted for according to Human Rights Watch. According to the Association of Camp Detainess of Prijedor 1992, between May and August 1992, around 6,000 prisoners passed through Omarska, 700 of whom were killed.
International reaction
In early August 1992, Vulliamy, Independent Television News (ITN) reporter Penny Marshall, and Channel 4 News reporter Ian Williams gained access to the Omarska camp. Their reporting served as one of the catalysts of a UN effort to investigate war crimes committed in the conflict. The camp was closed less than a month after its exposure caused international uproar.
1997–2000 controversy
Between 1997 and 2000, there was academic and media controversy regarding the events that took place in Omarska and Trnopolje in 1992, due to claims of false reporting and "lies". These allegations, promoted by the state-controlled Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) and the British Living Marxism (LM) paper, prompted the ITN network to accuse the LM of libel; ITN won the case in 2000, effectively forcing the paper to close down.
Trials
The Republika Srpska officials responsible for running the camp have since been indicted and found guilty of crimes against humanity and war crimes.
Commanders of the camp, Miroslav Kvočka, Dragoljub Prcač, Milojica Kos, and Mlađo Radić, and a local taxi driver, Zoran Žigić were all found guilty of crimes against humanity. Kvočka, Prcač, Kos and Radić were sentenced to five, six, seven and 20 years respectively; Žigić was given the longest term of 25 years.
Željko Mejakić was found guilty of crimes against humanity (murder, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, persecution, and other inhumane acts). He was the de facto commander of Omarska and perpetrated one instance of mistreatment. It was found that he was part of a joint criminal enterprise with the intent of promoting mistreatment and persecution of detainees in the camp. He was sentenced to 21 years of imprisonment.
Momčilo Gruban was found guilty of crimes against humanity (murder, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, persecution, and other inhumane acts). He had command responsibility for crimes committed at the camp and acted as part of a joint criminal enterprise. He was sentenced to 11 years imprisonment.
Duško Knežević was found guilty of crimes against humanity (murder, torture, sexual violence, persecution, and other inhumane acts). He was found to have been directly involved in the crimes carried out in the Omarska and Keraterm camps. He was also found guilty under the theory of joint criminal enterprise for furthering the Omarska and Keraterm camps’ systems of mistreatment and persecution of detainees. He was sentenced to 31 years imprisonment.
On 26 February 2007, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) presented its judgment in the Bosnian Genocide Case, in which it had examined atrocities committed in detention camps, including Omarska, in relation to Article II (b) of the Genocide Convention. The Court stated in its judgment:Having carefully examined the evidence presented before it, and taken note of that presented to the ICTY, the Court considers that it has been established by fully conclusive evidence that members of the protected group were systematically victims of massive mistreatment, beatings, rape and torture causing serious bodily and mental harm during the conflict and, in particular, in the detention camps. The requirements of the material element, as defined by Article II (b) of the Convention are thus fulfilled. The Court finds, however, on the basis of evidence before it, that it has not been conclusively established that those atrocities, although they too may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, were committed with the specific intent (dolus specialis) to destroy the protected group, in whole or in part, required for a finding that genocide has been perpetrated.
Exhumations
In 2004, a mass grave located a few hundred meters from the Omarska site was unearthed containing the remains of 456 persons from the camp. "There is no doubt whatsoever that there are hundreds of bodies as yet unfound within the mine of Omarska and its vicinity" said Amor Mašović, president of the Bosnian government's Commission for Tracing Missing Persons. The International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) has been active in advocating the exhumation and identification of their bodies from mass graves around the area; with their help, a number of victims have been identified through DNA testing.
Memorial controversy
The Mittal Steel company purchased the Omarska mining complex and planned to resume extraction of iron ore from the site. Mittal Steel announced in Banja Luka on 1 December 2005 that the company would build and finance a memorial in the 'White House' but the project was later abandoned. Many Bosnian Serbs believe there should not be a memorial, while many Bosniaks believe that construction should be postponed until all the victims are found and only if the entire mine—which is in use—be allocated for the memorial site.
By the time of the 20th anniversary of the camp's closure proposals for a physical memorial to the camp's existence had made no progress. ArcelorMittal said that it was prepared to meet the former inmates' demands but the local authorities were ultimately responsible for granting permission. The Republika Srpska authorities considered that allowing camp survivors free access to the site and the construction of a memorial as originally agreed by ArcelorMittal would undermine reconciliation. "Prijedor 92" president Mirsad Duratović, stated that the campaign for a memorial would continue.
In July 2012, ahead of the start of the 2012 London Olympic Games, survivors of the camp laid claim to the ArcelorMittal Orbit tower, the tallest structure in Britain, located in the Olympic Park beside the Olympic stadium, as the 'Omarska Memorial in Exile'. The survivors allege that the Orbit is "tragically intertwined with the history of war crimes in Bosnia, as the bones of victims are mixed in with the iron ore". ArcelorMittal denied that material from Omarska had been used in the Orbit's construction. The company said that sensitive issues relating to the mine could not be addressed by ArcelorMittal on its own. Campaigners urged ArcelorMittal as the world's largest steel producer to use its considerable influence to oppose the local politics of denial and play an active role in healing fractured communities that have made the company's success possible. Susan Schuppli of the Centre for Research Architecture at Goldsmiths' College in London, observed that ArcelorMittal insistence on "not taking sides" in an area where persecution and injustice continued was not neutrality but taking a political position by default.
See also
Dretelj camp
Gabela camp
Heliodrom camp
Uzamnica camp
Vilina Vlas
Vojno camp
References
Notes
Footnotes
External links
Concentration Camps - The Horrors Of A Camp Called Omarska And The Serb Strategy, PBS
The International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia charges 21 Serbs with atrocities committed inside and outside the Omarska death camp, ICTY, 13 February 1995
Who cares as judgement falls on Serb hell camp?, The Guardian, 1996
Omarska Camp, Bosnia – Broken Promises of "Never Again" by Kelly D. Askin, "Human Rights", published by American Bar Association
New battle breaks out over Serb death camp, The Guardian, 2 December 2004
'We can't forget', The Guardian, 1 September 2004
Ex-foes make peace at Omarska, BBC, 21 November 2005
1992 establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina
1992 disestablishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian genocide
Anti-Muslim violence in Europe
Serbian concentration camps in the Yugoslav Wars
Bosnian War internment camps
Serbian war crimes in the Bosnian War |
4038996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana%20Griswold%20Van%20Rensselaer | Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer | Mariana Alley Griswold Van Rensselaer (February 21, 1851 – January 20, 1934), usually known as Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer or M. G. Van Rensselaer, was an American author focusing on architectural criticism.
Early life
Mariana Alley Griswold was born in New York City on February 21, 1851. She was the daughter of George Griswold and Lydia (née Alley) Griswold (1826–1908). Her younger brothers were Frank Gray Griswold (1855–1937), the stepfather of Cass Canfield, and George Griswold (1857–1917), the vice president and general manager of the Tuxedo Park Association.
In 1868, she moved with her family to Dresden, Germany, where she remained for five years.
Career
She began writing in 1876. The first woman architectural critic, she grew in influence in the 1880s. However, her publications encompassed also art and landscape architecture criticism, fiction, and children's literature. She wrote articles in American Art Review, Century Magazine, and Garden and Forest (in which she wrote many unattributed articles) After refuting an offer to edit the American Art Review in 1881, she began writing for Century Magazine. She advocated that the public should view architectural works not as just the work of the individual firm owners, but the entire firm (particularly in reference to McKim, Mead, and White), and preferred architectural training at colleges for create intellectual and genteel architects, rather than the on-the-job training which was common at the time.
Around 1890, Van Rensselaer garnered an honorary membership to the American Institute of Architects, and in 1920 to the American Society of Landscape Architects In 1910, she received the degree of D. Litt. from Columbia University, the accomplishment being an extraordinary one for a woman at that time. She was awarded the 1923 American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal. In 1915, in honor of deceased son, she donated a collection of reproductions of frescoes, vases, and other objects which illustrate the prehistoric culture of Greece to Fogg Art Museum of Harvard University.
Van Rensselaer also served a number of charitable organisations, including University Settlement Women's Auxiliary (president from 1896-1898), Jacob A. Riis Neighborhood Settlement, and the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. She was president of the Public Education Association of New York from 1899-1906. Although she did vote in 1893 while living in Colorado, she later was involved with New York State Association Opposed to the Extension of Suffrage for Women.
Personal life
In 1873, she married Schuyler Van Rensselaer (1845–1884) of the prominent Van Rensselaer family. Together, they lived in New Brunswick, New Jersey. They had one child, born in February 1875, before her husband, a mining engineer, died in 1884.
George Griswold Van Rensselaer (1875–1894), who died before his twentieth birthday and was a member of Harvard University's class of 1896.
Van Rensselaer died away while in New York City on January 20, 1934. She was buried next to her husband and only child at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.
Works
Her writings include:
American Etchers (New York, 1886)
Henry Hobson Richardson and his Works (1888)
English Cathedrals (1892; fourth edition, 1892)
Art out of Doors (1893)
“The Development of American Homes” article in the book “Household Art” edited by Candace Wheeler (New York, Harper & Brothers, 1893) compiled for the 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition). Mrs. Van Rensselaer’s article was also printed in The Forum magazine.
"Fifth Avenue", The Century Magazine (1893) Examined the new development around Central Park.
Should We Ask for the Suffrage? (1894)
One Man Who was Content (1896)
Niagara, a Description (1901)
History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth Century (1909)
Poems (1910)
Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner, The Art of the Low Countries, translated by Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer (1914)
Notes
References
"American Country Dwellings." Parts I-III. The Century Magazine. 1886.
Further reading
Judith K. Major. Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer: A Landscape Critic in the Gilded Age (University of Virginia Press; 2013) 302 pages; scholarly biography
External links
Pioneering Women of American Architecture, Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer
Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848–1907), Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer (Mariana Griswold), 1888; this cast, 1890
American people of English descent
Columbia University alumni
Historians from New York (state)
1851 births
1934 deaths
American women historians
Writers from New York City
Writers from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Griswold family
Historians of New York City
German–English translators
Historians from New Jersey
Van Rensselaer family |
4039000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorba%20%28dog%29 | Zorba (dog) | Aicama Zorba of La-Susa or Zorba (26 September 1981 – 1992) was a male Old English Mastiff who was recognized by Guinness World Records as the heaviest and longest dog in the world.
Life
Zorba was bred by Mrs I. Prosser on 26 September 1981
. His sire and dam were Stablemate's Bruno of Kisumu (American import) and Gildasan Valentine Daisy of Aicama. He was owned by Chris Eraclides of London, England.
World records
Zorba initially set the record of heaviest dog in September 1987 at .
In November 1989 Zorba was recorded as weighing . Zorba stood at the shoulder and was from the tip of his nose to the tip of his tail.
See also
Giant dog breed
References
Individual dogs
1981 animal births
1992 animal deaths
Individual animals in England |
4039002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow%20Be%20Thy%20Game | Shallow Be Thy Game | "Shallow Be Thy Game" is a song by Red Hot Chili Peppers and was the fourth single from their 1995 album, One Hot Minute. The single was released in Australia only. It was also the only single from the album not to have a music video made for it.
The song is quite polemic in its direct assault on fundamentalist religion, which the lyrics openly mock.
Live performances
Despite being a single, the song was performed very rarely on the One Hot Minute tour and has not been performed since 1996 and never in the United States.
Track listing
CD single (1996)
"Shallow Be Thy Game" (album)
"Walkabout" (album)
"Suck my kiss" (live)
Charts
References
1996 singles
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Songs critical of religion
1932 songs
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Chad Smith
Songs written by Dave Navarro
Warner Records singles
Funk metal songs
Alternative metal songs |
4039006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangifera%20caesia | Mangifera caesia | Mangifera caesia is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. Common names include jack, white mango, binjai (Malay language), wani (Balinese language), yaa-lam (Thai language), bayuno/baluno/belunok (Filipino language), mangga wani (Cebuano language), and gwani (Subanen language). It belongs to the same genus as the mango and is widely cultivated in areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines.
It was featured in Malaysian stamp, printed in 27-Feb-1999 under rare fruits series stamp.
Description
These are restricted to wet lowlands at below 450m. It requires rainfall and is rarely in found forests but rather abundant in marshes and riverside areas. Grows up to tall with a dense crown of round-shaped leaves. The flowers are purple or pink, 0.7 cm long with five sepals. The fruit is a large, edible, elliptical drupe long and wide. The skin is thin and brown with darker patches, and the flesh is yellow-white, mushy, and strongly odorous with an acid-sweet or sour taste. The binjai is believed to originate from the island of Borneo, but is commonly grown elsewhere for its edible fruit. The tree is one of the most common and valuable Mangifera species in western Malaysia, where it is cultivated extensively in orchards. It is also widely grown in Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo.
Reproduction
This tree produces thousand of fruits, ripening three months after anthesis. The fruit matures during the rainy season, this is a deciduous, stands erect and bare before shedding large bud scales that envelops twigs and inflorescence.
Propagation method
It is propagated from seeds or through marcotting. Grafting on the seedling stock is also possible through inarching potted rootstocks onto twigs of mother trees. The mature tree requires abundant space, about 12m to 16m in either direction.
Used in dishes
The fruit of the M. caesia can be served fresh, preserved or cooked. They can be eaten dipped in chili and dark soy sauce. In Bali, it is used as an ingredient for local creamy juices, also for making spice base for chillies sambal which is eaten with river fish. it can also be used in making pickles. The wood is used for light construction.
In Brunei, where it is called , the fruit is used to make a variety of or dipping sauce for ambuyat, a sago dish considered to be the country's national dish.
Nutritional value
Nutritional value of binjai fruit per 100 grams:
Water 86.5g,
Protein 1g,
Fats 0.2g,
Carbohydrates including fibers 11.9g,
Ash 0.4g,
Thiamine 0.08 mg,
Beta-carotene 0.005 mg and
Vitamin C 58 mg.
Total Energy 200kJ/100g.
As irritant
The sap of M. caesia can cause skin eruptions or dermatitis. It unripe fruits' sap can also cause irritation.
References
External links
caesia
Tropical fruit
Least concern plants |
4039012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Wilhelm%20Eschmann | Ernst Wilhelm Eschmann | Ernst Wilhelm Eschmann (pseud. Leopold Dingräve, Von Severus, 1904 - 1987) was a German writer, sociologist and playwright.
Bibliography
Some works
(1930) Der faschistische Staat in Italien
(1933) Vom Sinn der Revolution
(1934) Die Aussenpolitik des Faschismus
(1936) Griechisches Tagebuch
(1961) Im Amerika der Griechen
(1970) Tessiner Episteln
Dramas
(1939) Ariadne
(1950) Alkestis
1904 births
1987 deaths
University of Münster faculty
German male writers |
4039013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristine%20Sa | Kristine Sa | Kristine Sa (June 6, 1982) is a Vietnamese Canadian singer and songwriter.
Career
Sa was born in Song Be, a small town near Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) in Vietnam. When she was six, her family moved to Canada and she grew up in Toronto. She enjoyed singing and performing since she was little, and attended a special performing arts school in ninth grade. She was in a television pilot called Wexford. When she was in high school, a friend of hers contacted Nemesis Records to look at her webpage and the CEO Minh-Dan Pham was interested in her writing. She sent in a demo cover of "Unbreak My Heart" and a self-written song and was soon signed.
While she was a college student at York University, she released her debut album I Never Knew in 2002. It contains a mix of songs written and performed by Sa with what Steve Diabo of Animefringe calls "heartfelt ballads and experimental pop". It was marketed mostly through online radio stations, selling in Taiwan, Australia, and the United Kingdom. She toured in the United States, and became popular on the Internet and the anime convention circuit, including AnimeFest in Dallas in 2002, and FanimeCon in San Jose in 2003. She continued her career with her second album, Rebirth in 2004.
In 2005, she released two albums under the anime project: AnimeToonz3 which has remixes of anime theme songs from Gundam Seed, Inuyasha, Cowboy Bebop, Ranma ½, Urusei Yatsura and Candy Candy. The albums are grouped in Lemon and Lime editions. Jonathan Mays of Anime News Network wrote that Sa's work on the AnimeToonz project was a "quality effort with reasonably good results." and "they should be proud of themselves for pulling the Animetoonz franchise out of the gutter and into the spotlight again.", although he critiqued some of Sa's renditions for consistency in the Inuyasha track "Every Heart" and the Cowboy Bebop track "Real Folk Blues.
Her next studio album Hopeless Romantic was released in 2007.
Known in the anime community for her involvement in Funimation Entertainment's US releases of Suzuka in 2005, One Piece in 2007, and Ouran High School Host Club in 2008.
She has hosted and produced Vietnamese American talk-shows The Kristine Sa Show on VAN-TV, Up Close and Personal with Kristine Sa on VHN-TV, and "Heart to Heart with Kristine Sa" on SBTN.
Sa has mentioned influences from women singers Jewel, Celine Dion, and Sarah McLachlan. She also is inspired by Vietnamese music, especially with its unique instruments.
Personal life
Her older sister is singer Tâm Đoan.
Named Yen Huynh at birth, but took her step father's surname in her later years prior to signing with Nemesis.
Discography
Albums
I Never Knew (Nemesis, 2002)
Rebirth (Nemesis, 2004)
AnimeToonz3: Lemon Edition (Jellybean, 2005)
AnimeToonz3: Lime Edition (Jellybean, 2005)
Hopeless Romantic (Nemesis, 2007)
Lonely Asylum : The Demo Collection'' (independent release, 2010)
References
External links
(archive)
Canadian singer-songwriters
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Vietnamese emigrants to Canada
Singers of Vietnamese descent
York University alumni
1982 births
Living people
Canadian musicians of Vietnamese descent
21st-century Canadian women singers |
4039019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschmann | Eschmann | Eschmann may refer to:
Ernst Wilhelm Eschmann
Eschmann introducer used to facilitate tracheal intubation |
4039027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%C8%99ti | Liești | Liești is the third-largest commune of Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania on the confluence of the Siret and Bârlad rivers, very close to Tecuci (28 km) and Galați (52 km). It is composed of two villages, Liești and Șerbănești. The latter is the southernmost part of the commune.
Name
The name of the commune appears to be derived from Ilie, which means Elijah, probably a local, which seems to be the brother of Șerban, the father of Șerbănești.
History
The first mention of the village dates from 1448, when in the prince of Moldavia, Petru II, who gives as a gift to the local nobleman Cernat Ploscarul and to his brother, Ștefu, 40 villages and fields among which appear Liești and Șerbănești.
Natives
Antonel Borsan
Anghel Saligny
Tourist sights
Liești has several Romanian Orthodox churches – St. Parascheva (c. 1886), Dormition of the Virgin (1889), and St. Nicholas (built after 1990)- the seat of the Protopopiate (archpriest's district) of Nicorești. Other attractions include the acacia forests near the village (especially in May) and the picturesque valleys of the rivers Siret and Bârlad.
Education
Lieşti has four schools: one which teaches until the tenth grade, and three that teach until the eighth grade. Liești also has four kindergartens and a 14,000-volume public library.
Economy
The village has a sugar factory (Lemarco Bucharest), but the majority of the population works in local agriculture or in siderurgy at the Siderurgical Combinate Mittal Steel from Galați.
Beginning around 2000, many people from the region have gone to work in Italy or Spain, where wages are higher.
Climate
The climate of Liești is Humid continental (Dfb):
References
Communes in Galați County
Localities in Western Moldavia |
4039035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix%20Gottwald | Felix Gottwald | Felix Gottwald (born 13 January 1976 in Zell am See, Austria, now resides in Salzburg, Austria) is an Austrian Nordic combined athlete who competed from 1994 to 2007 and then returned to compete in 2009. He is , weighing .
Gottwald made his Olympic debut as an 18-year-old in the 15 km individual event at the 1994 Winter Olympics, then competed in the 4 x 5 km team and 15 km individual events at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Gottwald won bronze medals in the 7.5 km sprint, 15 km individual and 4 x 5 km team Nordic combined events at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Coming into the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, he had regularly ranked among the top three in the world. He won golds in the 7.5 km sprint and 4 x 5 km team competitions, and took silver in the 15 km individual. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Gottwald won gold in the 4 x 5 km team event. He is the most decorated Nordic combined skier at the Winter Olympics with seven medals.
Gottwald topped the World Cup standings in 2001, and was a member of the Austrian team that won gold at the 2003 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. Eight years later, at the 2011 World Championships in Oslo, he was again part of the Austrian team that became team world champion both in the normal hill and in the large hill competition. He also has two silvers (4 x 5 km team: 2001, 15 km individual: 2003) and six bronzes (15 km individual: 2001, 2005, 7.5 km sprint: 2003, normal hill: 2011, 4 x 5 km team: 1997, 2005) from the World Championships. So he is also the most decorated Nordic combined skier at World Championships with eleven medals.
Gottwald also has won twice at the Holmenkollen ski festival in the Nordic combined (2001, 2003 individual). He also won the Holmenkollen medal in 2003 (shared with Ronny Ackermann).
Gottwald retired at the end of the 2006-07 World Cup. He chose to return from retirement in May 2009, in order to compete in another season, including the Olympics. Prior to that he was working for an Austrian television network as a color commentator.
After the Olympic season he added another one, and with his victories in Kuusamo (27 November 2010) and Schonach (8 January 2011) he became the oldest winner of a nordic combined competition.
See also
Felix Gottwald Ski Jumping Stadium
Notes and references
Fanlisting
- click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
- click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
1976 births
Austrian male Nordic combined skiers
Holmenkollen medalists
Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners
Living people
Nordic combined Grand Prix winners
Nordic combined skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
FIS Nordic Combined World Cup winners
Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Austria
Olympic gold medalists for Austria
Olympic silver medalists for Austria
Olympic bronze medalists for Austria
People from Zell am See
Olympic medalists in Nordic combined
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Salzburg (state) |
4039040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theydon | Theydon | Theydon may refer to 3 places in Essex:
Theydon Bois
Theydon Bois tube station
Theydon Garnon
Theydon Mount |
4039088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Kahu | Project Kahu | Project Kahu was a major upgrade for the A-4K Skyhawk attack aircraft operated by the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) in the mid-1980s. (The project was named after the Māori-language name for the New Zealand swamp harrier.)
History
In 1986, the RNZAF initiated this project to improve the capabilities of its A-4K fleet. The upgrade included the installation of a Westinghouse AN/APG-66 radar optimized for maritime tracking, HOTAS controls and a 'glass' cockpit (2 large CRT screens), MIL-STD 1553B databus, Litton Industries LN-93 inertial navigation system, Ferranti 4510 wide-angle HUD, the Vinten airborne video recording system, the General Instrument ALR-66 radar warning receiver, and a Tracor ALR-39 chaff/flare dispenser.
The contract covered the upgrade of all 22 of the RNZAF's Skyhawk fleet, which at the time comprised the surviving 12 (of 14) K-model aircraft of the RNZAF's original order plus the 10 G-model's acquired from the Royal Australian Navy in 1984. However, only 21 were completed as one (NZ6210) was lost in 1989 before it was upgraded.
Parts of the wings were reskinned and some structural elements rebuilt, and the aircraft wiring replaced. Because of advances in miniaturization, it was possible to incorporate these additional electronics items entirely within the fuselage without requiring the use of the dorsal hump. The Kahu-modified Skyhawk could be recognized by a blade-like ILS aerial antenna on the leading edge of the vertical stabilizer. The aircraft also received armament upgrades including the capability to fire AIM-9L Sidewinders, AGM-65 Mavericks and GBU-16 Paveway II laser-guided bombs.
TA-4K NZ6254 was the first aircraft to be completed and undertook an extensive test programme conducted by Flight Lieutenant Steve Moore, who had recently become only the second RNZAF pilot to complete and graduate from the Empire Test Pilot School in the United Kingdom. The programme was completed in June 1991 when the final aircraft, NZ6202, was returned to the RNZAF.
The cost of the project was NZ$140 million and gave the RNZAF Skyhawks the electronic “eyes and ears” of a modern fighter aircraft such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon or F/A-18 Hornet.
Aftermath
The RNZAF withdrew the Skyhawks from service in 2001 and they were put into storage awaiting sale.
Draken International signed an agreement with the New Zealand government in 2012 to purchase eight McDonnell Douglas A-4K Skyhawks as well as various other equipment and accessories. The remaining aircraft were given to museums in New Zealand and Australia.
See also
A-4AR Fightinghawk
A-4SU Super Skyhawk
References
KiwiAircraft.com: McDonnell Douglas (T)A-4K Skyhawk
External links
FlightGlogalImages.com Cut-away drawings
RNZAF Proboards.com Project Kahu
redkiwi.weebly.com - Kahu, the A-4K Skyhawk Story.
1986 establishments in New Zealand
Royal New Zealand Air Force
KAHU
Douglas A-4 Skyhawk |
4039093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffmuttu | Duffmuttu | Duffmuttu (also: Dubhmuttu) is an art form prevalent in the Malabar region of the states of Kerala and Karnataka in south India. It derives its name from the duff, a percussion instrument made of wood and ox skin. The word duff is of Arabic origin and is also called a thappitta.
Duffmuttu is performed as social entertainment and to commemorate festivals, uroos (festivals connected with mosques) and weddings. Duffmuttu can be performed at any time of the day. A duffmuttu performance usually consists of six members who stand or sit facing each other singing songs and swaying their bodies to the tempo of the song which is set by the rhythmic beats of the duff.
Duffmuttu songs are a tribute to Islamic heroes and martyrs. The lead player also leads the troupe in song while the others provide the chorus. The dancers drum the duff with their fingers or palms and while moving rhythmically often toss them over their heads. A closely related art form is the Aravana Muttu or Arabana Muttu that uses a drum called arabana that is similar to the duff.
Gallery
See also
Aravana muttu
Kuthu Ratheeb
Mappila
Oppana
References
Dances of Kerala
Kerala music
Mappilas
ml:ദഫ് മുട്ട് |
4039098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command%20Council%20of%20the%20Armed%20Forces%20of%20the%20North | Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North | The Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North or CCFAN) was a Chadian rebel army active during the Chadian Civil War. Originally called Second Liberation Army of National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT), and was one of the original groups in rebellion against the regime of François Tombalbaye. But, when in 1971 FROLINAT's new secretary-general Abba Siddick tried to unify all the insurgent forces on the field, the second liberation army under Hissène Habré rebelled and renamed itself in 1972 CCFAN. Composed of the Toubou active in Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture, first under Goukouni Oueddei's command and later under Habré's command. It was in a bitter struggle with the First Liberation Army of the FROLINAT, loyal to Siddick, in the early 1970s. After the rift between Habré and Oueddei in 1976, Habré's followers adopted the name of Forces Armées du Nord (FAN), and Oueddei's followers adopted the name of Forces Armées Populaires (FAP).
References
Chad: A Country Study
History of Chad
Rebel groups in Chad |
4039099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20restoration | Audio restoration | Audio restoration is the process of removing imperfections (such as hiss, impulse noise, crackle, wow and flutter, background noise, and mains hum) from sound recordings. Audio restoration can be performed directly on the recording medium (for example, washing a gramophone record with a cleansing solution), or on a digital representation of the recording using a computer (such as an AIFF or WAV file). Record restoration
is a particular form of audio restoration that seeks to repair the sound of damaged gramophone records.
Modern audio restoration techniques are usually performed by digitizing an audio source from analog media, such as lacquer recordings, optical sources and magnetic tape. Once in the digital realm, recordings can be restored and cleaned up using dedicated, standalone digital processing units such as declickers, decracklers, dehissers and dialogue noise suppressors, or using digital audio workstations (DAWs). DAWs can perform various automated techniques to remove anomalies using algorithms to accomplish broadband denoising, declicking and decrackling, as well as removing buzzes and hums. Often audio engineers and sound editors use DAWs to manually remove "pops and ticks" from recordings, and the latest spectrographic 'retouching' techniques allow for the suppression or removal of discrete unwanted sounds. DAWs are capable of removing the smallest of anomalies, often without leaving artifacts and other evidence of their removal. Although fully automated solutions exist, audio restoration is sometimes a time-consuming process that requires skilled audio engineers with specific experience in music and film recording techniques.
Overview
The majority of audio restoration done today is done for music sound recordings and soundtracks for motion picture and television programs. The demand for restored audio has been fueled by new media consumer technologies such as CD and DVD. Modern audio reproduction systems require that sound sources be in the best condition possible to enhance the listening experience. Media content owners have come to recognize the importance of having clean sound on their products to enhance the commercial value of their media assets.
The byproduct of these restoration efforts is that many audio sources are brought into the digital world and preserved for future use. An unfortunate fact is that most of the sound recordings and motion picture soundtracks created over the past century have been lost due to improper storage and neglect.
Enhancements are often done to motion picture soundtracks. For example, taking a mono or stereo soundtrack and re-mixing it to a modern 5.1 surround soundtrack. When sources from original discrete audio "stems" containing dialog, music and sound effects are used and properly restored, the enhancements can be significant and highly effective.
The annual Grammy Awards presents the award for Best Historical Album in recognition of restored recordings.
Recent developments
Two researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Vitaliy Fadeyev and Carl Haber have been experimenting with an audio restoration method that involves taking a very high definition digital photographic image of the vintage recording medium. They use a precision optical metrology system (designed to scan silicon detectors) to form an image of the groove on a 78 rpm record. After processing the digital file, they have an audio stream that represents the variations in the groove walls, allowing them to 'play' the record virtually without using a phonograph stylus. 2D images can be made more quickly and have proved worthy of further investigation on 78 rpm discs cut laterally. A 3D method is possible, though it takes much longer for the photographic survey of the recording and it requires much more storage space for the larger digital file. 3D methods are required for non-flat media such as "hill-and-dale" recordings (an early vertical cutting method by Pathé), Edison cylinders and Dictabelt rolls. 3D imaging is required for stereo phonograph records in order to capture the full detail of both inner and outer groove walls.
In the summer of 2007, the U.S. Library of Congress moved their audio, video and film restoration group to Culpeper, Virginia where the newly completed National Audio-Visual Conservation Center Packard Campus is sited. Gene DeAnna heads the Recorded Sound Section. With 3 million sound recordings and many more film and video works that include synchronized sound in the archive, the mission of the Sound Section is twofold: preserve the treasure of vintage sound recordings and increase public accessibility to the collection. One of the ways that access can be increased is through the diligent digitization of analog media. The Library has expressed interest in the Fadeyev/Haber 2D imaging method for quick digital archival of their vast collection of vinyl and shellac phonograph records. Audio restoration tasks will take place in parallel with the digitization effort. A massive multi-petabyte storage array is nearing completion; it will hold the large digital audio and moving image files.
Subjective issues
Audio restoration is a subjective process, and there are many strategies or perspectives that the audio engineer or sound editor can employ. The archival perspective says that audio restoration should restore the recording to its original condition, while the commercial perspective says that the recording should be both restored and enhanced to appeal most immediately with modern audiences.
Notable audio restoration engineers
Adrian Cosentini
Michael Graves
Bob Ludwig
Gavin Lurssen
Ward Marston
Peter J. Moore
James P. Nichols
Joseph M. Palmaccio
Christian Zwarg
See also
Record restoration
References
External links
Review of several products on About.com
Manual of analogue audio restoration techniques (The British Library Sound Archive)
Audio engineering |
4039101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Sterling | Thomas Sterling | Thomas Sterling (February 21, 1851August 26, 1930) was an American lawyer, politician, and academic who served as a member of the United States Senate and the first dean of the University of South Dakota College of Law.
A Republican, he served in the Senate from 1913 to 1925. He later served as dean and law professor at George Washington University Law School. The University of South Dakota School of Law awards "Sterling Honors" to their graduating top 10% in honor of their first dean.
Early life and education
Sterling, was born near Amanda, Ohio. He moved with his parents, Charles Sterling (1821–1905) and Anna Kessler (1827–1908) to McLean County, Illinois in 1854, where he attended the public schools and graduated from Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington in 1875.
Career
He was superintendent of schools of Bement, Illinois from 1875 to 1877. His brother John A. Sterling, became a U.S. representative from Illinois.
Law
Sterling studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1878, commencing his practice in Springfield, Illinois. He became the city prosecuting attorney in 1880 until 1881. In 1882 he moved to the Territory of Dakota and located in Northville, Dakota Territory. He moved to Redfield in 1886 and continued the practice of law, serving as district attorney of Spink County, South Dakota from 1886 to 1888. In 1889, he became a member of the State constitutional convention, and a year later in 1890 a member of the State senate. From 1901 to 1911 he was the first dean of the University of South Dakota College of Law at Vermillion.
Politics
He was elected in 1912 as a Republican to the United States Senate, was reelected in 1918, and served from March 4, 1913, to March 3, 1925. During this time, he served on the Overman Committee investigating seditious German and Bolshevik activities. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1924, losing in the Republican primary to William H. McMaster, who won the general election. During the Sixty-sixth Congress, he was the chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Civil Service. In the Sixty-seventh Congress he served on the Committee on Civil Service, and on the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads during the Sixty-eighth Congress. While he served in Congress he served with William Williamson and Royal C. Johnson, two of his first graduates from the College of Law.
Later career
He practiced law in Washington, D.C., and served on the faculty of National University Law School, now George Washington University School of Law. He was appointed by President Calvin Coolidge in 1925 as field secretary of the Commission for the Celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of George Washington.
Death
Sterling died in Washington, D.C. on August 26, 1930. He was interred in Cedar Hill Cemetery.
References
External links
1851 births
1930 deaths
People from Fairfield County, Ohio
Republican Party United States senators from South Dakota
South Dakota Republicans
South Dakota lawyers
People from McLean County, Illinois
People from Redfield, South Dakota
School superintendents in Illinois
Law school deans
American university and college faculty deans |
4039102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Vandermeer | Jim Vandermeer | James Patrick Vandermeer (born February 21, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who last played for the Belfast Giants of the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL). Vandermeer previously played for the Philadelphia Flyers, Chicago Blackhawks, Calgary Flames, Phoenix Coyotes, Edmonton Oilers and the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Playing career
Amateur
Vandermeer capped-off a four-year career (1997–2001) with the Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League (WHL) winning the Memorial Cup in 2001, while leading the WHL that season in plus/minus, with a +49. The recipient of the WHL Humanitarian of the Year award in 2001, Vandermeer served as the team's captain from 1999–2001, and amassed over 700 PIM in his four years in Red Deer.
Professional
On December 21, 2000, Vandermeer signed with the Philadelphia Flyers as an undrafted free agent. He made his professional AHL debut with the Philadelphia Phantoms during the 2001-02 season. On January 2, 2003, Vandermeer made his NHL debut with the Philadelphia Flyers playing against the Anaheim Ducks.
On February 19, 2004, Vandermeer was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks with Colin Fraser and a 2004 second round draft pick in exchange for Alexei Zhamnov. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Vandermeer played with the Norfolk Admirals, the AHL affiliate to the Chicago Blackhawks. Vandermeer re-signed with the Chicago Blackhawks from 2005-08. He was named one of the team's alternate captains for select games and earned over $3 million during this time.
On December 18, 2007, Vandermeer was traded back to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Ben Eager. On February 20, 2008, Vandermeer was traded by the Flyers to the Calgary Flames for a third round pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft.
On July 1, 2008, Vandermeer signed a three-year deal worth $6.9 million as an unrestricted free agent with the Calgary Flames. On June 27, 2009, Vandermeer was traded by the Flames to the Phoenix Coyotes in exchange for Brandon Prust.
On April 7, 2010, Vandermeer was named Man of the Year by the Phoenix Coyotes. On June 30, 2010, Vandermeer was traded by the Coyotes to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for Patrick O'Sullivan.
During the 2010–11 season with the Oilers, Vandermeer was named one of the alternate captains for select games. On March 22, 2011, Vandermeer recorded his 100th career point vs the Nashville Predators with an assist on a goal by Jordan Eberle.
On July 1, 2011, Vandermeer became an unrestricted free agent and signed a one-year, $1 million contract with the San Jose Sharks.
On January 14, 2013, after the lockout ended, Vandermeer continued his journeyman career in signing a one-year, two-way contract with the Vancouver Canucks that paid him $600,000 at the NHL level and $275,000 at the AHL level. Vandermeer spent the majority of the shortened season with the Canucks AHL affiliate, the Chicago Wolves, and was named one of the team's alternate captains for select games.
On September 6, 2013, Vandermeer signed a one-year contract in Switzerland with the Kloten Flyers of the NLA. He signed one-year contract extensions with the Kloten Flyers in November 2013, and September 2014.
On February 2, 2016, Vandermeer signed with the Belfast Giants of the Elite Ice Hockey League. Vandermeer re-signed with the Giants in August 2017 for the 2017-18 season, becoming Belfast's player/assistant coach alongside head coach Adam Keefe in the process. Vandermeer remained with Belfast until the end of the 2018–19 season.
Personal
Born and raised in Caroline, Alberta, Vandermeer has a brother, Pete, a pro hockey player himself.
Vandermeer and his wife, Stefanie, were introduced by their mutual friend Brent Seabrook in 2007. They were married on July 3, 2009 in Vancouver. NHL stars Brent Seabrook and James Wisniewski served as groomsmen. They reside in Vancouver during the offseason. They have two children, a son, born in 2013 and a daughter, born in 2014.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Awards and honours
References
External links
1980 births
Belfast Giants players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Chicago Blackhawks players
Chicago Wolves players
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
EHC Kloten players
Living people
Memorial Cup winners
Norfolk Admirals players
People from Clearwater County, Alberta
Philadelphia Flyers players
Philadelphia Phantoms players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Red Deer Rebels players
San Jose Sharks players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in England
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland |
4039111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty%20Little%20Ditty | Pretty Little Ditty | "Pretty Little Ditty" is an instrumental track by the American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from their 1989 album Mother's Milk. Recognized as one of the best examples of the eclecticism the band experimented with in this album, the song was written by guitarist John Frusciante and bassist Flea.
It is one of the few songs on the album not to feature any guitar layering; music journalist Jeff Apter defined the song "a dreamy, sweetly stoned instrumental featured deft picking and strumming from Frusciante, intertwined with blasts of trumpet from Flea".
Aftermath
In 1999, part of the second segment of the song was sampled by rap rock band Crazy Town for their single "Butterfly", featuring additional lyrics by the members of the band. The single sold 6 million copies worldwide.
The song was also sampled on the August 2020 track "Ain't It Different" by British rappers Headie One, AJ Tracey and Stormzy.
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
1989 songs
Rock instrumentals
Song recordings produced by Michael Beinhorn |
4039120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrybridge%20power%20stations | Ferrybridge power stations | The Ferrybridge power stations were a series of three coal-fired power stations on the River Aire near Ferrybridge in West Yorkshire, England, next to the junction of the M62 and A1(M) motorways. A fourth gas-fired power station was planned, however it did not go ahead due to soaring gas prices.
The first station on the site, Ferrybridge A power station, was constructed in the mid-1920s, and was closed in 1976; the main building has been retained as workshops. Ferrybridge B was brought into operation in the 1950s and closed in the early 1990s.
In 1966, Ferrybridge C power station was opened with a generating capacity of 2 GW from four 500 MW sets; constructed by Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB); on privatisation in 1989 ownership was passed to Powergen, then to Edison Mission Energy (1999), then to AEP Energy Services (American Electric Power) (2001) and to SSE plc (2004). Ferrybridge C closed in March 2016.
Two of the four units were fitted with flue-gas desulphurisation (FGD) plant in 2009. In 2013 SSE indicated that the power station would not comply with the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) requiring the plant's closure by 2023 or earlier. It was later announced that the plant would be fully closed by March 2016.
Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 is a 68 MW multi-fuel plant at the site which became operational in 2015.
Ferrybridge Multifuel 2 is a 70 MW multi-fuel plant built alongside the MF1 plant, which became operational in 2019.
On 28 July 2019, one of Ferrybridge's cooling towers was demolished, followed by a further four more on 13 October, leaving only three of the original eight towers standing, 3 years after the plants' closure. The main boiler house, bunker bay and two chimney stacks were demolished on 22 August 2021. The final three cooling towers were demolished on 17 March 2022.
Ferrybridge A (1917–1976)
Land at Ferrybridge was purchased by the Yorkshire Electric Power Company in 1917. Plans for a power station were prepared and submitted to the Board of Trade in March 1918. Because of a system change the following year with the Electricity (Supply) Act 1919, the plans were put on hold. The plans were resubmitted to the Electricity Commissioners in January 1920. The plans were finally granted permission in November 1921, but delayed by a supply area reshuffle. A site was chosen with good access to coal, water, and good transport links including water transport.
Construction of Ferrybridge A power station began in 1926 and the station began operating in 1927. The initial station covered of the site. The main buildings contained the boilers, turbines, and offices and workshops, and a smaller building housed the electrical switchgear. Transport facilities included sidings connected to the Dearne Valley line with equipment for handling wagons up to 20 t, and a river wharf for transport by barge. Wagon unloading was by a side tipper, into an automated weigher and then conveyors, and barge unloading was by a crane into the weighing machine. The cooling water intakes were upstream of the wharves, initially with two filtered intakes with a minimum capacity (low water) of of water per hour.
The power generating equipment included eight per hour water boiling capacity water tube boilers arranged in pairs, sharing air draught and chimneys ( height). The boilers were designed to produce superheated steam at at The turbine/generator section had two 3,000 rpm three stage reaction turbines driving alternators rated at 19 MW continuous. The alternators produced 50 Hz 3 phase AC at 11 kV, which was stepped up to 33 kV by two sets of three single phase transformers rated at 25 MW per set.
The station passed into the ownership of the British Electricity Authority on the nationalisation of the UK's power industry, with the Electricity Act 1947. This company in turn became the Central Electricity Authority in 1954. The annual electricity output of the A station was:
The station closed on 25 October 1976, at which point it had a generating capacity of 125 MW.
Ferrybridge A's boiler room and turbine hall still stand today. The buildings are now used as offices and workshops, by the RWE npower Technical Support Group, who are responsible for the maintenance and repairs of power station plant from around the country.
Ferrybridge B (1957–1992)
Ferrybridge B Power Station was constructed in the 1950s. It generated electricity using three 100 megawatt (MW) generating sets, which were commissioned between 1957 and 1959. The station originally had a total generating capacity of 300 MW, but by the 1990s this was recorded as 285 MW. Ferrybridge B was one of the CEGB's twenty steam power stations with the highest thermal efficiency; in 1963–4 the thermal efficiency was 32.34 per cent, 31.98 per cent in 1964–5, and 31.96 per cent in 1965–6. The annual electricity output of Ferrybridge B was:
After the UK's electric supply industry was privatised in 1990, the station was operated by PowerGen. The station closed in 1992 and has since been completely demolished.
In 2006 LaFarge began construction of a plasterboard factory adjacent to the Ferrybridge C power station on the site of the former Ferrybridge B station to use the Calcium Sulphate (Gypsum) produced by FGD.
Ferrybridge C (1966–2016)
CEGB period (1966–1989)
The power station was originally built for and operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board.
Construction and commissioning
Work began on Ferrybridge C in 1961. The architects were the Building Design Partnership. There were two chimneys and the eight cooling towers were arranged in a lozenge pattern on side of the building. On 1 November 1965, three of the cooling towers collapsed due to vibrations from Kármán turbulence in winds. Although the structures had been built to withstand higher wind speeds, the design only considered average wind speeds over one minute and neglected shorter gusts. Furthermore, the grouped shape of the cooling towers meant that westerly winds were funnelled into the towers themselves, creating a vortex. Three out of the original eight cooling towers were destroyed and the remaining five were severely damaged. The destroyed towers were rebuilt to a higher specification and the five surviving towers were strengthened to tolerate adverse weather conditions.
Commission of Ferrybridge C began in 1966: one unit was brought on line, feeding electricity into the National Grid, on 27 February 1966. Units 2, 3 and 4 were all commissioned by the end of 1967. Following the cooling tower accident, it was planned that the station would not be opened for some time after the scheduled date. However it was possible to connect one of the remaining towers to the now complete Unit 1. The reconstruction of the destroyed towers began in April 1966 and had been completed by 1968.
Specification
Ferrybridge C Power Station had four 500 MW generating sets, (known as units 1–4). There were four boilers rated at 435 kg/s, steam conditions were 158.58 bar at 566/566 °C reheat. In addition to the main generating sets the plant originally had four gas turbines with a combined capacity of 68 MW. Two were retired in the late 1990s reducing capacity to 34 MW. These units are used to start the plant in the absence of an external power supply.
The generating capacity, electricity output and thermal efficiency were as shown in the table.
Coal supply was by rail transport (initially 4m. tons a year in 1,000-ton Merry-go-round trains at the rate of 17 a day) and road transport and barge (initially 1m. tons on the Aire and Calder Navigation). Barge transport ended in the late 1990s. Rail transport comprised a branch off the adjacent Swinton and Milford Junction line. Facilities include a west-facing junction on the Swinton line, two coal discharge lines (No. 1 track and No. 2 track), gross- and tare-weight weighbridges, a hopper house, together with an oil siding. The automatic unloading equipment for the coal trains was built by Rhymney Engineering, a Powell Duffryn company. It used ultrasonic detection, capable of dealing with up to 99 wagons in a train (though initially trains had 35 hopper wagons), to control the door-opening gear to empty 5 wagons at a time into the bunkers.
The plant's two chimneys were high. The eight cooling towers were built to a height of , which none no longer remain at the site, since the final demolition of the cooling towers took place on 17 March 2022.
Post-privatisation (1989–present)
Ownership passed to Powergen (1989) after the privatisation of the Central Electricity Generating Board. In 1998, during the 1990s "dash for gas", Powergen closed Unit 4. In 1999 however, Ferrybridge Power Station, along with Fiddlers Ferry power station in Cheshire, was sold to Edison Mission Energy. Both stations were then sold on to AEP Energy Services Ltd (American Electric Power) in 2001, before both were sold again to SSE plc in July 2004 for £136 million.
In 2005 SSE took the decision to fit Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) to the plant, installing equipment to scrub half of Ferrybridge's output; the decision was required to partially meet the specifications of the Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD); in 2008 the boilers were fitted with Boosted Over Fire Air in order to reduce the NOx emissions. In 2009 FGD was commissioned on Units 3 and 4. The installation of FGD allowed SSE sign a 5-year agreement with UK Coal for 3.5 million tonnes of higher sulphur coal.
In December 2013 SSE announced that Ferrybridge would opt out from (not comply with) the EU Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU); requiring the plant to close by the end of 2023, or after 17,500 hours of operation after 1 January 2016.
The units without FGD (1 and 2) were closed on 28 March 2014 under the LCPD. However Ferrybridge then had a problem with FGD in July 2014.
On 31 July 2014 a serious fire broke out in Ferrybridge Unit C. The fire was understood to have started in the fourth generating unit, with the no.3 unit also affected. Neither unit was operational at the time of the fire due to maintenance. Initial expectations were that unit 3 would be operational by November 2014, but unit 4 would not be operational before April 2015.
Since the fire was in the FGD absorber tower on Unit 4 after work by site team and contractors Unit 3 returned to service on 29 October 2014 and Unit 4 RTS on 15 December 2014 however without its FGD could only run by burning very low sulphur coal and in tandem with Unit 3. The very low Sulphur coal ran out in March 2015 and as no further low sulphur coal was purchased the unit had to shut down March 2015 and never ran again.
On 19 May 2015 SSE announced that the station would be closed by 31 March 2016, without Unit 4 reopening. The stated reasons were "irreparable damage" caused by the prior fire, and that the station was now a loss-making operation, predicted to lose £100 million over the next five years.
Ferrybridge 'C' Fire – 31 July 2014
At its height some 75 firefighters tackled 100 ft (30m) high flames, after the blaze broke out at about 14:00 BST. A plant used to remove sulfur dioxide from gases produced from the power station caught fire. The black smoke coming from the coal-fired power station led to problems on nearby roads, including the M62, with drivers and householders advised to keep windows shut. No injuries were recorded as the site was quiet due to the summer shutdown. The fire resulted in a partial collapse of the structure. As the fire was in the absorbent tower it had destroyed the unit 4 FGD unit completely. The rest of unit 4 suffered severe damage which SSE described as "irreparable damage" so it would no longer be able to function. SSE took the decision to try to get it back up and running but the FGD and half of the unit was completely destroyed and the other half suffered severe damage that would have affected electricity supplies. This led it to being shut down in March 2015, 1 year before the rest of the plant closed. Unit 3 also suffered light damage but was able to return to full operation later that year. Unit 3 was the only unit left in full operation for the final few months of operation. Units 1 and 2 weren’t fitted with FGD so they weren’t allowed to go into operation and unit 4 was too badly damaged to be repaired.
Closure 2016
Since the fire, only Unit 3 remained in full operation causing energy output to decrease and led to a rise in the cost of running it. In May 2015 SSE confirmed that the plant would close in early 2016. Ferrybridge C electricity generation was ended at around midday on 23 March 2016. With SSE stating that the official date of closure is 31 March 2016.
Demolition
Cooling Tower Six stood high and was demolished with explosives on 28 July 2019. This was first stage of demolition at the site.
A further four cooling towers were demolished on 13 October 2019 just after 10.30 am leaving three remaining cooling towers still standing.
The main boiler house, bunker bay and two high chimney stacks were demolished on 22 August 2021 just after 9.45 am. The reason all three structures where demolished at the same time was because when a controlled demolition takes place there has to be an exclusion zone put into place for safety. Where Ferrybridge was located, there is a housing development across from the power station and because of the COVID-19 restrictions, Keltbray and SSE weren’t allowed to evacuate the houses due to the lockdown and social distancing guidelines required households to be 2 metres (6ft) apart. But once the lockdowns were lifted they were able to carry out a demolition. They decided to do it all in one go to reduce the number of evacuation to meet COVID guidelines and due to plans falling behind.
After SSE had to change their plans due to the soaring gas prices and large fines due to environmental breaches in 2020, they were unable to build a new gas power station. The final three cooling towers, originally intended to be kept for the new station, were demolished on 17 March 2022 at 7:45 pm. The remains of the power station are expected to be fully demolished and cleared up by October 2022.
Ferrybridge D (abandoned)
A new gas fired power station, named Ferrybridge D, was planned to replace the coal fired 'C' station. Some parts of 'C' station including three of the original cooling towers, the electricity switch house and the substation were going to be retained for its use. However, in September 2021, the UK saw prices for gas supplies soaring, which has since continued to rise. As a result, SSE was forced to abandon their plans to build the gas fired station because it was not going to be cost effective to operate. SSE therefore in January 2022, allowed Keltbray, the contractor responsible for decommissioning and demolishing the site, to give the go ahead for the demolition of the final three cooling towers, this was carried out on the evening of 17 March 2022 at 7:45pm. The electricity switch house and substation will also be dismantled. The site of the old C station will be put up for sale by SSE in 2023, for either industrial or residential use.
Ferrybridge Multifuel (2011–present)
On 31 October 2011 SSE was granted Section 36 planning permission to construct a 68 MW Multifuel plant at its Ferrybridge C Power Station site. The 68 MW plant was designed to burn mixed fuel including biomass, fuel from waste and waste wood. The plant became operational during 2015.
In late 2013 consultations began for a second multifuel plant "Ferrybridge Multifuel 2" (FM2). The plant was initially specified to be similar in scale to the first plant, and to have a capacity of up to 90 MW.
Construction on MF2 began in 2016, was completed late 2019 and was commissioned in December the same year. A rail head unloading terminal was built between the two plants, accessed from the internal railway around the power station site, to allow both plants to be rail served.
Ferrybridge Carbon Capture Plant
On 30 November 2011, the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Chris Huhne, officially opened a carbon capture pilot plant at Ferrybridge Power Station. The carbon capture plant was constructed in partnership with Doosan Power Systems, Vattenfall and the Technology Strategy Board. The plant had a capacity of 100 tonnes of CO2 per day, equivalent to 0.005 GW of power. The capture method used amine chemistry (see Amine gas treating). The CO2 was not stored, because the pilot plant was designed only to test the carbon capture element of the carbon capture and storage process. At the time of construction it was the largest carbon capture plant in the UK.
See also
Listed buildings in Knottingley and Ferrybridge
Aire valley power stations
Notes
References
Footnotes
Literature
Ferrybridge A
, In three parts, via www.gracesguide.co.uk
Ferrybridge B
Ferrybridge C
External links
official site.
documentary.
Buildings and structures in the City of Wakefield
Power stations in Yorkshire and the Humber
Former power stations in England
Coal-fired power stations in England
Former coal-fired power stations in the United Kingdom
Knottingley |
4039125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibial | Tibial | Tibial may refer to:
Tibia bone
Tibial nerve
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Anterior tibial vein
Posterior tibial vein |
Subsets and Splits