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4034011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tewdrig | Tewdrig | Tewdrig ap Teithfallt (; ), known simply as Tewdrig, was a king of the post-Roman Kingdom of Glywysing. He abdicated in favour of his son Meurig (Maurice) and retired to live a hermitical life, but was recalled to lead his son's army against an intruding Saxon force. He won the battle, but was mortally wounded.
The context of the battle is one of Britons versus invading Saxons, without explicit religious overtones. Since Tewdrig held to a religious lifestyle and was killed while defending a Christian kingdom against pagans, by the standards of that day Tewdrig is considered to be a martyr and a saint. The Latin form of his name is given as 'Theodoric' and his feast day is 1 April.
Tewdrig's name appears in a genealogy of Jesus College MS 20, in the line of one of his descendants, but the only substantive information about the person comes from the twelfth century Book of Llandaff.
The Book of Llandaff places Tewdrig's story in the territory of the historical Kingdom of Gwent (the southeastern part of modern Monmouthshire), though it states that he was a king of Glywysing. The ancient histories of the kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing are intertwined, and he may have ruled both kingdoms.
Life
There are three theories about the origins of name Tewdrig:
a variant of the Germanic name Theodoric;
it may have been North British, as the name Theodric had been a royal name in Bernicia and/or;
or the Breton royal name Theuderic.
Tewdrig's father, Teithfallt, had also been a king, and the Book of Llandaff notes that during his reign the Saxons had devastated the border regions, chiefly to the northwest near Hereford (i.e., in the historical Kingdom of Ergyng), and also along the River Wye.
While king of Glywysing, Tewdrig ap Teithfallt had been a patron of the Church at Llandaff, with a history of success in battle. At some point in his reign, he abdicated in favour of his son Meurig in order to live a hermitical life at Tintern, a rocky place near a ford across the River Wye. When a Saxon threat to the kingdom emerged, he returned to lead a defence. He was successful, but at a battle or skirmish at or near the ford (called Rhyd Tintern), he was mortally wounded. He asked to be taken to Ynys Echni (called Flat Holm in English) for burial, but got no further than Mathern on an inlet of the Severn estuary, where he languished briefly and died. King Meurig built a church on the spot and buried his father's body there, giving the surrounding land to the Bishops of Llandaff; a bishops' palace was later built there. The place became known first as Merthyr Tewdrig ("Tewdrig the martyr"), and later as Mateyrn ("place of a king") or Mathern. Tewdrig's defence of his homeland was said to be sufficiently decisive that the Saxons would not dare to invade again for thirty years.
There is a minor hagiographic element in this story from the Book of Llandaff. On returning to secular service due to military necessity, Tewdrig is given the prophecy that he will be successful but will be mortally wounded; that a vehicle pulled by two stags, yoked, will appear and carry him towards his destination of Ynys Echni, but that he will die in peace three days after the battle. Wherever the stags halted, fountains gushed forth, but as they approached the Severn the wagon was broken, a very clear stream gushed forth and here Tewdric died.
A number of sources, such as Ussher's Brittanicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates (1639), cite Bishop Godwin's 1615 account of the medieval church at Mathern. Godwin said that he discovered a stone coffin by the altar in the church, containing the saint's bones, and that the skull was badly fractured. Ussher also repeats the account of the Book of Llandaff. In 1958 Hando also recounts the story told to him by an old lady who had lived in Mathern and who claimed to have seen for herself, in 1881, the stone coffin bearing the remains of St. Tewdrig with his mortal wound (a hole in the skull made by a spear-point) still visible.
Sources of information
The Book of Llandaff
The Book of Llandaff was written c. 1125, at a time when the bishopric at Llandaff was struggling against the competing bishoprics at Saint David's and Hereford. The book was written specifically to justify the claims of Llandaff, and Tewdrig's story provides the reason why his son, Meurig ap Tewdrig, donated the lands near Mathern to the see of Llandaff.
Other sources
Tewdrig is not mentioned by Nennius in the Historia Brittonum (c. 850). Lloyd's History of Wales (1911) mentions the Book of Llandaff's account of Tewdrig's combat at the crossing of the Wye, and notes that Merthyr Tewdrig is now called Mathern, but adds nothing further. Nedelec's History of the Early Cambro-British Christians (1879) retells the story from the Book of Llandaff, adding a number of unattributed details which are colourful but inconsequential. Turner's History of the Anglo-Saxons (1799) repeats the accounts of the Book of Llandaff and Bishop Godwin (citing Ussher as the source), but then adds that the Saxons in question were those of Wessex, led by Ceolwulf. No authority is provided for this claim.
The Iolo Manuscripts
The Iolo Manuscripts are a collection of manuscripts presented in the early nineteenth century by Edward Williams, who is better known as Iolo Morganwg. Containing elaborate genealogies that connect virtually everyone of note with everyone else of note (and with many connections to "Arthur"), they were at first accepted as genuine, but have since been shown to be an assortment of manuscripts, transcriptions, and fantasies, many invented by Iolo himself. There are many references to Tewdrig and his genealogy. A list of works tainted by their reliance on the material presented by Iolo (sometimes without attribution) would be quite long.
Sources
Bibliography
— from MSS. in the Libraries of Hengwrt, and of Jesus College (English translation)
References
Monarchs of Morgannwg
Monarchs of Gwent
Medieval Welsh saints
6th-century Christian saints
6th-century Welsh monarchs
Monarchs of Glywysing |
4034014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%20Academy%20of%20Music | Pennsylvania Academy of Music | The Pennsylvania Academy of Music (PAM) was a private music school located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States. The Academy provided music instruction to students with skill levels ranging from elementary to advanced.
History
The Pennsylvania Academy of Music was a 501(c)(3) nonprofit founded in 1989.
The building PAM occupied on Prince Street in downtown Lancaster is now owned by Millersville University and operates as the Ware Center.
Education
The Pennsylvania Academy of Music was one of twelve pre-collegiate autonomous schools accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music, and was a member of the National Guild of the Community Schools of the Arts. It was one of the only schools in the United States that offers a pre-collegiate program in chamber music.
In 2009, the school entered into partnerships with the China Conservatory of Music in Beijing and Lancaster Mennonite School in Lancaster. An exchange program is offered through the China Conservatory, and a high school diploma program focused in music is offered through Lancaster Mennonite High School.
Bankruptcy
On May 27, 2010, PAM filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Under new administration, the Bankruptcy Court supported the re-opening the school on September 1, 2010 at Liberty Place. PAM continued to work with the Court as they tried to transition out of bankruptcy and make progress toward operating as a sustainable institution. On Wednesday, March 30, 2011, PAM chairman Dr. Thomas Godfrey announced the board of directors' decision to close the academy.
Faculty
Piano
Mark Huber
Jody Norton
Dr. Ioannis Potamousis, Chair
Dr. Ju-Ping Song
Dr. Ina Grapenthin
Strings
Dr. Michael T. Jamanis, violin
Simon Andreas Maurer, violin
Ning Mu, viola/violin
Sara Male, cello, Chair
Winds and percussion
Stephen Goss, percussion, Chair
Dr. Matthew Allison, flute
Rainer Beckmann, recorder
Doris Hall-Gulati, clarinet
Ryan Kauffman, saxophone
Voice
John Darrenkamp
Other
Ernesto Tamayo, guitar
Dr. Matthew Allison, theory/composition
Walter Blackburn, solfege/rythmique
Mark Huber, jazz
Dr. Ina Grapenthin, early development
Heather Witmer Kares, staff accompanist
External links
Official site
Charity Navigator: Pennsylvania Academy of Music
LancasterARTS: Pennsylvania Academy of Music
Lancaster Intelligencer Journal: Academy of Music starts work on new hall, May 19, 2006
Lancaster Intelligencer Journal: Academy getting 'significant' state funds for its expansion, May 9, 2006
Acoustical case study (video) — Pennsylvania Academy of Music
References
Education in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Culture of Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Music schools in Pennsylvania
Schools in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania |
4034015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonauta%20pacifica | Argonauta pacifica | Argonauta pacifica, also known as the Pacific argonaut, is a species of pelagic octopus. The female of the species, like all argonauts, creates a paper-thin eggcase that coils around the octopus much like the way a nautilus lives in its shell (hence the name paper nautilus). The shell is usually approximately 150 mm in length, although it can exceed 200 mm in exceptional specimens; the world record size is 220.0 mm.
A. pacifica seems to have a relatively limited distribution, being confined to the waters surrounding western Mexico, and in particular the Gulf of California. For this reason, it is considered one of the rarest of the Argonauta species, along with A. cornuta and A. nouryi.
The taxonomic status of this species questionable. Further research is needed to determine whether it is a valid species or a synonym of another taxon.
The type specimen of A. pacifica was collected off the coast of California and is deposited at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
References
Sweeney, M. J. (2002). Taxa Associated with the Family Argonautidae Tryon, 1879. Tree of Life web project.
External links
Information on the genus Argonauta
pacifica
Marine fauna of the Gulf of California
Molluscs described in 1871 |
4034029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%20B.%20Chase | Jackson B. Chase | Jackson Burton Chase (August 19, 1890 – May 4, 1974) was an American Republican politician.
Early life
He was born in Seward, Nebraska on August 19, 1890 and lived in California and Illinois while working for Burlington Railroad. He graduated from high school in Omaha, Nebraska in 1907 and was worked for John Deere Plow Co from 1907 to 1910. He got his Bachelor of Laws from the University of Nebraska in 1912, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He received his law degree from the University of Michigan Law School in 1913, passing the bar in the same year setting up practice in Chicago, Illinois
Legal career and public service
During World War I he served with the Field Artillery in the United States Army. He was assistant attorney general of Nebraska in 1921 and 1922. He engaged in the practice of law in Omaha from 1923 to 1942. During his practice he was legal adviser to Omaha Welfare Board in 1930 and 1931. He was also elected a member of the Nebraska House of Representatives in 1933 and 1934. He owned and managed farmland in Nebraska and Iowa.
He served as a major in the Judge Advocate General's Department from 1942 to 1945. He was the chairman of the Nebraska Liquor Control Commission in 1945 and 1946. He was a Judge of the fourth judicial district court of Nebraska from 1946 to 1954.
Congressional Service
He was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-fourth United States Congress serving from January 3, 1955 to January 3, 1957. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1956 to the Eighty-fifth United States Congress instead he was again elected judge of the fourth judicial district court of Nebraska 1956 to 1960. He died in Atlanta, Georgia on May 4, 1974 and is buried in Omaha.
References
1890 births
1974 deaths
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
University of Michigan Law School alumni
Nebraska state court judges
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
Members of the Nebraska House of Representatives
Nebraska Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
20th-century American judges
People from Seward, Nebraska
20th-century American politicians |
4034033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Truths%20and%20Cycles | Universal Truths and Cycles | Universal Truths and Cycles is the thirteenth (official) album by Dayton, Ohio indie rock group Guided by Voices. After releasing their previous two albums on TVT Records, Guided by Voices returned to Matador Records.
This was the highest charting Guided by Voices album at the time of release. It peaked at #160 on the Billboard Top 200, #10 on the Independent Albums list, and in the best chart performance of their career, #3 on the Top Heatseekers chart [].
Track listing
All songs written by Robert Pollard.
Side A
"Wire Greyhounds" – 0:35
"Skin Parade" – 2:57
"Zap" – 1:14
"Christian Animation Torch Carriers" – 3:54
"Cheyenne" – 2:58
"The Weeping Bogeyman" – 1:35
"Back to the Lake" – 2:33
"Love 1" – 0:54
"Storm Vibrations" – 4:59
"Factory of Raw Essentials" – 1:25
Side B
"Everywhere with Helicopter" – 2:36
"Pretty Bombs" – 3:06
"Eureka Signs" – 3:06
"Wings of Thorn" – 2:10
"Car Language" – 4:44
"From a Voice Plantation" – 2:06
"The Ids Are Alright" – 1:10
"Universal Truths and Cycles" – 2:19
"Father Sgt. Christmas Card" – 2:04
In the media
In the television series The IT Crowd episode Red Door, Roy hides stolen computer equipment under a Universal Truths and Cycles T-shirt. There is a poster of the same on a wall in Roy and Maurice's office.
In the television series The Wire Nick Sobotka has a Universal Truths and Cycles poster on his wall.
Guided by Voices performed "Everywhere With Helicopter" live on The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn on June 17, 2002.
Personnel
Most of the credits do not give specific instruments played by each individual, but rather list performers who appeared on the release in any capacity.
GBV
Robert Pollard - Vocals, composer
Doug Gillard - performer
Tim Tobias - performer
Nate Farley - performer
Other/production
Todd Tobias - Production, keyboards, noises, ambiance
Scott Bennett - Assistant, cello, engineer
John McCann - performer
Chris Slusarenko - Piano (track 7)
Chris George - Cello
Steve Berson - Cello
Suellen Ogier - Effects
Invert (band) - Strings
Asha Mevlana - Viola
Helen Yee - Violin
References
2002 albums
Guided by Voices albums
Matador Records albums |
4034038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20International%20Junior%20Hockey%20League | Superior International Junior Hockey League | The Superior International Junior Hockey League (SIJHL) is a junior A ice hockey league and a member of the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL) and Hockey Canada. The league operates in the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Minnesota and Wisconsin. Winners of the SIJHL playoffs compete for the Dudley Hewitt Cup against the winners of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League. The winner of the Dudley Hewitt Cup then moves on to compete for the Centennial Cup, the Canadian Junior A championship.
History
Background
Founded in 2001, the SIJHL is successor of several former Thunder Bay junior A hockey leagues and teams. The Fort William War Veterans were the first representatives of the Thunder Bay region, winning the 1922 Memorial Cup as Canadian National Junior A Champions. Although there is not abundant information on the subject, the Thunder Bay Junior Hockey League may date back to the War Veterans and existed until 1980. From 1980 until 2000, the region (Hockey Northwestern Ontario) was represented by a single team at the junior A level: the Thunder Bay Flyers. The Flyers played their regular season games in the United States Hockey League (USHL), a USA Hockey junior A league, and returned to Canada for the playoffs. The Flyers won the Dudley Hewitt Cup as Central Canadian Junior Champions in 1989, 1991, 1992, and 1995. The Flyers were also National Champions in 1989 and 1992, winning the Centennial Cup. The Flyers folded after the 1999–2000 USHL Season.
The Northwestern Ontario region has also been represented in the past in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League. From 1968 until 1982, the city of Kenora, Ontario, was represented by the Kenora Muskies/Thistles and in the mid-1980s, Thunder Bay had an entry with the Thunder Bay Hornets.
The folding of the Thunder Bay Flyers led to the rebirth of junior A hockey in the Thunder Bay region. The league started under the "Superior International" label in 2001 with five teams, including the Dryden Ice Dogs, First Nation Featherman Hawks, Fort Frances Borderland Thunder, Thunder Bay Bulldogs, and the Thunder Bay Wolves.
2006 Dudley Hewitt Cup
In 2006, the Fort William North Stars won the Dudley Hewitt Cup with a 7–6 overtime win over the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League's Sudbury Jr. Wolves to earn the team and the league its first regional title and its first shot at the national title in the 2006 Royal Bank Cup. The North Stars were eliminated in the Royal Bank Cup semifinal in Brampton, Ontario, with a 3–2 overtime loss to the British Columbia Hockey League's Burnaby Express led by eventual NHL player Kyle Turris.
Expansion and retraction
The presence of the SIJHL in Northwestern Ontario marks the first time since the 1970s that the region has effectively supported a junior hockey league. In 2007, the SIJHL expanded east of Thunder Bay with the Schreiber Diesels and Marathon Renegades. A Wawa, Ontario, franchise was also in the works, but never came to fruition.
On December 17, 2007, the Schreiber Diesels folded mid-season claiming lack of fan support. On December 21, the team was bought by a group of local fans in an effort to keep the Diesels alive. The Marathon Renegades at one point were as high as third place in the SIJHL during the 2007–08 season, but after 37 games played were forced to cancel the rest of its season citing a lack of players through injuries and player defections to other leagues. Al Cresswell, team president, claimed that the shortage of players had become a health risk.
Although the 2008–09 season did not see a return to Marathon, the SIJHL did add the Sioux Lookout Flyers. In the 2008 off-season, the Thunder Bay Bulldogs elected to retract to embolden the Thunder Bay Bearcats. Despite a strong year from the Bearcats and the Schreiber Diesels, both teams elected to cease operation in the summer of 2009. The Fort Frances Jr. Sabres claimed that they would be back for 2009–10, but their owners sold the rights to their players to teams across Canada. In a last-ditch effort, the town of Fort Frances bought the team and renamed them the Fort Frances Lakers, but were forced to find all new players due to the actions of the previous ownership. The Thunder Bay Wolverines elected to apply for promotion to the SIJHL for 2009–10 fresh off of their silver medal performance at the Keystone Cup Canadian Jr. B Championships. Back up to five teams, the SIJHL also made a 20-game interleague setup with the Minnesota Junior Hockey League's Wisconsin Mustangs to diversify the league's competition.
Tenth season and American expansion
The 2010–11 season was the tenth season of the SIJHL. The SIJHL received applications for expansion by two American teams: the Duluth Clydesdales and Wisconsin Mustangs.
In June, the Thunder Bay Wolverines pulled out of the SIJHL. A few days later USA Hockey rejected the transfer bid by the Wisconsin Mustangs to join the SIJHL and the expansion bid of the potential of Duluth, Minnesota, despite approval by Hockey Canada and the SIJHL. The league sat at four teams. The two teams appealed the decision and won, officially giving the league six teams and making the league an international league.
The Fort William North Stars were dominant early in 2010–11, but due to financial difficulties, the team was sold to new ownership and became the Thunder Bay North Stars. The Wisconsin Wilderness jumped into the lead mid-season and won the regular season and playoff titles in their first season in the league.
In the summer of 2011, the SIJHL elected to expand with the Iron Range Ironheads awaiting the permission of USA Hockey and Minnesota Hockey. USA Hockey again denied the league. The decision was appealed and on July 12, 2011, expansion was allowed by USA Hockey as well as the continuation of the Duluth and Spooner franchises. Wisconsin won their second straight league title, coming from behind in the final to beat the Fort Frances Lakers in seven games.
The 2012–13 season was a season of decline for the league's American expansion. During the off-season, USA Hockey allowed the league to transfer Iron Range to new ownership and rename it the Minnesota Iron Rangers. Wisconsin was sold and relocated into the same market as Duluth and renamed the Minnesota Wilderness. Three games into the season, the Sioux Lookout Flyers ceased operations and eventually their franchise when a scandal over the carding of players by their new general manager and coach left them without enough players to continue. In early 2013, the league, after multiple cancelled games, stripped the Duluth Clydesdales of their franchise. Then, after clinching their third regular season and playoff crowns, the Wilderness won the league's second ever Dudley Hewitt Cup as Central Canadian champions. Minnesota Wilderness became the first American team to win the Dudley Hewitt Cup and the first to gain berth into the Royal Bank Cup Canadian Junior A Championship. After winning the Central Canadian Championship, it was announced that the Wilderness would leave the SIJHL at the end of the Royal Bank Cup to join the North American Hockey League, a USA Hockey-sanctioned Tier II league. The Wilderness finished fourth in the National Championship round-robin, earning a berth into the semi-final. Despite leading 4–2 in the third, the Wilderness took too many penalties and lost their lead with seconds to go in the third period. The Alberta Junior Hockey League's Brooks Bandits scored in overtime to win the game 5–4 eliminating the Wilderness. With the Wilderness and Clydesdales gone, the Minnesota Iron Rangers were the remaining American team with membership in the league.
In the spring of 2013, the SIJHL announced expansion to Ear Falls, Ontario, with the English River Miners and on July 11, 2013, admitted a new team in Spooner, Wisconsin, also called the Wisconsin Wilderness. The new Wilderness lasted one season.
In the summer of 2014, commissioner and president Ron Whitehead was relieved of his post. Whitehead held his position from 2005 until 2014 and had been a member of the league executive since its inception in 2001. In 2011, Hockey Northwestern Ontario named Whitehead their Central Zone volunteer of the year.
The league added a second team in Minnesota and their sixth franchise for 2016–17 season with the Thief River Falls Norskies. In 2019, the league added another team in Spooner, Wisconsin, called the Wisconsin Lumberjacks for the 2019–20 season. After several seasons of ownership issues and lack of player recruitment, the Minnesota Iron Rangers ceased operations for the 2019–20 season, returning the league to six teams. The 2019–20 season was then curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic with one week left in the regular season and no postseason tournaments were held. The ongoing pandemic border-crossing restrictions caused the two American teams to withdraw from the 2020–21 season while the league added a new team called the Kam River Fighting Walleye. The five Canadian teams would play a few games in November and December 2020 along with two U18 minor teams, the Kenora Thistles and Thunder Bay Kings, to fill in the schedule before the season was cancelled entirely.
Teams
Former member teams
Former interleague teams
Iron Range Yellow Jackets (2001–02)
Minot State University-Bottineau Lumberjacks (2005–06)
Northwest Wisconsin Knights (2001–03)
Bill Salonen Cup champions
The winners of the SIJHL Playoffs are awarded the Bill Salonen Cup. Although the Jack Adams Trophy is supposed to be awarded to the branch Junior A champion, Hockey Northwestern Ontario will not bring it out unless there are two leagues vying for the branch championship.
Dudley Hewitt Cup
Single-season team records
Best Winning Record:
2005-06 Fort William North Stars - 50-2-0-0
Most Goals For:
2018-19 Thunder Bay North Stars - 363
Fewest Goals Against:
2004-05 Fort William North Stars - 66
Worst Winning Record:
2008-09 Sioux Lookout Flyers - 2-46-0-2
Fewest Goals For:
2004-05 Thunder Bay Bulldogs - 72
Most Goals Against:
2018-19 Minnesota Iron Rangers - 478
Timeline of teams in the SIJHL
2001–02
SIJHL is founded with five teams: Dryden Ice Dogs, Featherman Hawks, Fort Frances Borderland Thunder, Thunder Bay Bulldogs and Thunder Bay Wolves; as well as two interleague teams: Iron Range Yellow Jackets and Northwest Wisconsin Knights
2002–03
Thunder Bay Wolves become Fort William Wolves
Featherman Hawks become Nipigon Golden Hawks
Iron Range Yellow Jackets break off interlock
2003–04
Nipigon Golden Hawks move to Thunder Bay and become K&A Golden Hawks
Fort William Wolves become Fort William North Stars
Northwest Wisconsin Knights break off interlock
2005–06
Schreiber Diesels join league
Fort Frances Borderland Thunder leaves league
MSU-Bottineau Lumberjacks enter into interlocking schedules
2006–07
Marathon Renegades join league
Thunder Bay Golden Hawks become Thunder Bay Bearcats
MSU-Bottineau Lumberjacks break off interlock
Fort Frances Jr. Sabres join league
2007–08
Marathon Renegades withdraw from league mid-season (January)
2008–09
Sioux Lookout Flyers join league
Thunder Bay Bulldogs merge into Thunder Bay Bearcats
2009–10
Schreiber Diesels leave league
Thunder Bay Bearcats leave league
Fort Frances Jr. Sabres are renamed Fort Frances Lakers
Thunder Bay Wolverines join league from Thunder Bay Junior B Hockey League
Wisconsin Mustangs enter into interlocking schedule
2010–11
Thunder Bay Wolverines leave league
Wisconsin Wilderness (formerly Mustangs) join league from Minnesota Junior Hockey League
Duluth Clydesdales join league
2011–12
Iron Range Ironheads join league
2012–13
Iron Range Ironheads change name to Minnesota Iron Rangers
Wisconsin Wilderness relocate and become Minnesota Wilderness
Sioux Lookout Flyers cease operations
League revokes Duluth Clydesdales franchise
2013–14
Minnesota Wilderness leave league for North American Hockey League
English River Miners join league
New Wisconsin Wilderness join league
2014–15
Wisconsin Wilderness folded
2016–17
Thief River Falls Norskies joins league
2018–19
English River Miners rebranded to Red Lake Miners
2019–20
Wisconsin Lumberjacks joins league
Minnesota Iron Rangers suspended
References
External links
SIJHL website
Hockey Northwestern Ontario website
Canadian Junior Hockey League members
Hockey Northwestern Ontario
Ice hockey in Minnesota
Ice hockey in Wisconsin
A
A |
4034053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Cerrito%20Plaza | El Cerrito Plaza | El Cerrito Plaza may refer to:
El Cerrito Plaza (shopping center), a shopping mall in El Cerrito, California, in the United States.
El Cerrito Plaza (BART station), the Bay Area Rapid Transit station located at the above mall. |
4034060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation%20Drills | Isolation Drills | Isolation Drills is the twelfth album by Dayton, Ohio indie rock group Guided by Voices. It was their second and final LP released under TVT Records and their second to feature a major rock producer in Rob Schnapf. The album was also their first to chart on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 168. The album notably features instrumental contributions from Elliott Smith and David Sulzer. Previous longtime band member Tobin Sprout also returned as a guest and contributed with playing piano. While Jim MacPherson plays drums on the album, his replacement Jon McCann is featured in the cover photos, as MacPherson had left the band immediately after the recording to focus on his home life.
Reception
Isolation Drills is currently the highest rating album on the aggregate review website Metacritic of their submitted studio albums.
Accolades
"Glad Girls" was nominated for the High Times "Pot Song of the Year" award. "Chasing Heather Crazy" was named the 319th best song of the decade by Pitchfork. In 2014, the album was ranked number 92 on PopMatters list of the Best Albums of the '00s.
Appearance in popular culture
"Skills Like This" was featured on the ESPN Ultimate X Soundtrack compilation album.
Track listing
All songs written by Robert Pollard.
"Fair Touching" – 3:07
"Skills Like This" – 2:47
"Chasing Heather Crazy" – 2:53
"Frostman" – 0:55
"Twilight Campfighter" – 3:07
"Sister I Need Wine" – 1:40
"Want One?" – 1:48
"The Enemy" – 4:53
"Unspirited" – 2:25
"Glad Girls" – 3:49
"Run Wild" – 3:48
"Pivotal Film" – 3:10
"How's My Drinking?" – 2:38
"The Brides Have Hit Glass" – 2:51
"Fine to See You" – 3:16
"Privately" – 4:05
Trivia
The opening of "The Enemy" is an excerpt of "Broadcastor House," a track from the 1994 Clown Prince of the Menthol Trailer EP, which may come from the fact that "Broadcastor House" was the initial working title of the album.
Personnel
GBV
Robert Pollard - vocals, guitar, composer, engineer
Doug Gillard - guitar
Nate Farley - rhythm guitar
Tim Tobias - Bass
Jim Macpherson - Drums
Other/production
Rob Schnapf - Mixing, producer
David Soldier (Sulzer) - String Arrangements, Violin
Doug Boehm - Engineer, mixing
Julian Joyce - Mixing
John Shough - Engineer
Greg Di Gesu - Assistant Engineer
Don Tyler - Mastering
Tobin Sprout - Piano
Elliott Smith - Piano
Marlene Rice - Violin
References
Guided by Voices albums
2001 albums
Albums produced by Rob Schnapf |
4034071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold%20Bauhinia%20Star | Gold Bauhinia Star | The Gold Bauhinia Star (, GBS) is the highest Bauhinia Star rank in the honours system of Hong Kong, created in 1997 to replace the British honours system of the Order of the British Empire after the transfer of sovereignty to People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). It is awarded to those who have given distinguished service to the community or rendered public or voluntary services of a very high degree of merit.
List of recipients
1998
Mr. WONG Wing-ping, Joseph, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WOO Kwong-ching, Peter, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mrs. FAN HSU Lai-tai, Rita, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. John Estmond STRICKLAND, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. HU Hung-lick, Henry, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. HUI Si-yan, Rafael, G.B.S., J.P.(Revoked in 2018)
Mr. Raymond CHOW, G.B.S.
The Honourable LAU Wong-fat, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHENG Hon-kwan, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. TSE Chi-wai, Daniel, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. KWONG Ki-chi, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LO Hong-sui, Vincent, G.B.S.
Miss TAM Wai-chu, Maria, G.B.S., J.P.
1999
The Honourable Mrs. FONG WONG Kut-man, Nellie, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LEE Tung-hai, Leo, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. TANG Hsiang-chien, Leo, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. SUEN Ming-yeung, Michael, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice John Barry MORTIMER, G.B.S.
The Honourable LEUNG Chun-ying, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable LEUNG Kam-chung, Antony, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHAN Cho Chak, John, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WONG Hong-yuen, Peter, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WONG Kin-lap, G.B.S.
The Honourable Mr. Justice LIU Tsz-ming, Benjamin, G.B.S.
Dr. the Honourable CH'IEN Kuo-fung, Raymond, G.B.S., J.P.
Mrs. FOK LO Shiu-ching, Katherine, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Noel Plunkett POWER, G.B.S.
Mr. KWONG Hon-sang, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable TAM Yiu-chung, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Ian George McCurdy WINGFIELD, G.B.S., J.P.
2000
The Honourable LEE Yeh-kwong, Charles, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable TANG Ying-yen, Henry, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable CHUNG, Shui-ming, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WONG Shing-wah, Dominic, G.B.S., OBE, J.P.
Mr. LAM Woon-kwong, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAN Hong-tsung, David, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Gerald Paul NAZARETH, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor LI Kwok-cheung, Arthur, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor WOO Chia-wei, CBE, G.B.S., J.P.,
Dr. Hari Naroomal HARILELA, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LEE Hon-chiu, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LEUNG Nai-pang, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHAN Wing-kee, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHAN Yau-hing, Robin, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LAU Wah-sum, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHUNG Chi-yung, G.B.S.
Mr. Peter Dennis Antony SUTCH, G.B.S.
2001
Miss YUE Chung-yee, Denise, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. IP Shu-kwan, Stephen, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable TIEN Pei-chun, James, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. the Honourable David LI Kwok-po, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable LAU Hon-chuen, Ambrose, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice WONG Kin-chow, Michael, G.B.S.
Mr. YAM Chi-kwong, Joseph, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. George HO, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Ronald Joseph ARCULLI, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. TSUI Tsin-tong, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LEONG Che-hung, Edward, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. WONG Kin-hang, Philip, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. WU Wai-yung, Raymond, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LIU Lit-man, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LO Chung-wing, Victor, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. James Kerr FINDLAY, G.B.S.
Mr. HUI Ki-on, G.B.S.
Mr. CHENG Kar-shun, Henry, G.B.S.
Mr. Martin Gilbert BARROW, G.B.S.
Mr. TSE Sze-wing, Edmund, G.B.S.
2002
Mr. CHAU Tak-hay, G.B.S., J.P.
Mrs. YAM KWAN Pui-ying, Lily, G.B.S., J.P.
Mrs. IP LAU Suk-yee, Regina, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LEE Shing-see, G.B.S., J.P.
Mrs. CHOW LIANG Shuk-yee, Selina, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable TSANG Yok-sing, Jasper, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor CHANG, Hsin-kang, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor POON Chung-kwong, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor TAM Sheung-wai, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice WOO Kwok-hing, G.B.S.
Mr. Stuart Wreford HARBINSON, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. NG Wing-fui, Nicholas, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. HU Fa-kuang, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHAN Sui-kau, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor YOUNG Tse-tse, Rosie, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHENG Wai-kin, Edgar, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Gordon SIU, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHENG CHANG Yung-tsung, Alice, G.B.S.
2003
Mr. TSANG Yam-pui, G.B.S.
The Honourable Mr. Justice LEONG Shiu-chung, Arthur, G.B.S.
Dr. the Honourable LI Ka-cheung, Eric, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. the Honourable WONG Yu-hong, Philip, G.B.S.
Professor CHEN Kwan-yiu, Edward, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. KUNG Ziang-mien, James, G.B.S.
Mrs. LAW FAN Chiu-fun, Fanny, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAI Nin, Alan, G.B.S., J.P.
Mrs. LAM PEI Yu-dja, Peggy, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LAM LEE Kiu-yue, Alice Piera, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. HUI Chi-ming, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHENG Mo-chi, Moses, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LO Ka-shui, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Michael D. KADOORIE, G.B.S.
Dr. HO Hung-sun, Stanley, G.B.S.
Mr. YUAN Geng, G.B.S.
Mr. Simon Herbert MAYO, G.B.S.
Dr. FUNG Kwok-king, Victor, G.B.S.
Mr. FUNG Siu-por, Lawrence, G.B.S.
Mr. James Edward THOMPSON, G.B.S.
2004
The Honourable FOK Tsun-ting, Timothy, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable LAU Kin-yee, Miriam, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable IP Kwok-him, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Haider Hatim Tyebjee BARMA, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHOW Yei-ching, G.B.S.
Sir WU Ying-sheung, Gordon, G.B.S.
Mr. LEUNG Po-wing, Bowen, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. FANG Hung, Kenneth, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. David Gordon ELDON, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. SZE Cho-cheung, Michael, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. YUEN Mo, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. Allan ZEMAN, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHOA Wing-sien, George, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHENG Wai-chee, Christopher, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. YIP Wai-jane, G.B.S.
2005
The Honourable MA Lik, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor NG Ching-fai, G.B.S.
Dr. LUI Che-woo, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. YEOH Eng-kiong, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. YEUNG Kai-yin, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHENG Hoi-chuen, Vincent, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Eric Charles BARNES, G.B.S.
2006
The Honourable Bernard Charnwut CHAN, G.B.S., J.P.
Ir. LO Yiu-ching, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHAU How-chen, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. YU Kwok-chun, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. LEE Lai-kuen, Shelley, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. MONG Man-wai, William, G.B.S.
2007
The Honourable CHEUNG Kin-chung, Matthew, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mrs.LEUNG LAU Yau-fun, Sophie, G.B.S., SBS, J.P.
The Most Venerable The Honourable KOK Kwong, G.B.S.
Mr. HO Sai-chu, G.B.S., SBS, J.P.
Dr. YU Sun-say, Jose, G.B.S., SBS, J.P.
Dr. HO Chi-ping, Patrick, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LIAO Sau-tung, Sarah Mary, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LEE Ming-kwai, G.B.S.
The Most Reverend KWONG Kong-kit, Peter, G.B.S.
2008
The Honourable CHENG Yiu-tong, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable LIAO Cheung-sing, Andrew, G.B.S., SC, J.P.
Dr. the Honourable CHEUNG Kin-tung, Marvin, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. FONG Ching, Eddy, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAM Chung-lun, Billy, G.B.S., J.P.
Mrs. LEUNG WONG Bei-fong, Sally, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. WONG Chi-yun, Allan, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WU Ting-yuk, Anthony, G.B.S., J.P.
2009
The Honourable LAM Sui-lung, Stephen, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable LEE Siu-kwong, Ambrose, G.B.S., IDSM, J.P.
Dr. the Honourable CHOW Yat-ngok, York, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mrs. CHA SHIH May-lung, Laura, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor the Honourable CHEUNG Bing-leung, Anthony, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable CHEUNG Hok-ming, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Michael STUART-MOORE, G.B.S.
Mr. HO Chi-ming, Kevin, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHOI Chee-ming, Francis, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. TAI Yuen-ying, Alice, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. WU James Tak, G.B.S.
Mr. MA Si-hang, Frederick, G.B.S.
2010
The Honourable TSANG Tak-sing, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mrs LAM CHENG Yuet-ngor, Carrie, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable LEUNG Kwan-yuen, Andrew, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LEE, Kai-ming, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHOW Man-yiu, Paul, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. HUI Chun-fui, Victor, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. TAI Tak-fung, G.B.S., J.P.
Mrs. YAU TSANG Ka-lai, Carrie, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHEUNG Chun-yuen, Barry, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHAN Chun-yuen, Thomas, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. MAK Chai-kwong, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Albert Jinghan CHENG, G.B.S., J.P.
2011
The Honourable YAU Tang-wah, Edward, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Eva CHENG, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor the Honourable LAU Juen-yee, Lawrence, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable WU Hung-yuk, Anna, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable LAM Kin-fung, Jeffrey, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor TSUI Lap-chee, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. TING Yuk-chee, Christina, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHAN Tung, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. CHENG Yeuk-wah, Teresa, G.B.S., SC, J.P.
Miss CHOI Ying-pik, Yvonne, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Anthony Gordon ROGERS, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. SO Chak-kwong, Jack, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. TANG King-shing, G.B.S., PDSM
Mr. HUI Wing-mau, G.B.S.
The Honourable Mrs. Justice Doreen Maria LE PICHON, G.B.S.
Mrs. LAU NG Wai-lan, Rita, G.B.S.
2012
Professor the Honourable CHAN Ka-keung, Ceajer, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable SO Kam-leung, Gregory, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable TAM Chi-yuen, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. TONG Hin-ming, Timothy, G.B.S.
Mr. TANG Kwok-bun, Benjamin, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Michael John HARTMANN, G.B.S.
Mr. CHAN Tak-lam, Norman, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor Gabriel M. LEUNG, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor LAU Siu-kai, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHEN Nan-lok, Philip, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. YEUNG Ka-sing, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHUNG Pui-lam, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. HO Suen-wai, Francis, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. BIRCH LEE Suk-yee, Sandra, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor Felice LIEH-MAK, G.B.S., J.P.
Ir. Ronald James BLAKE, G.B.S., J.P.
2013
The Honourable SHEK Lai-him, Abraham, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. NG Sze-fuk, George, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LEE Chung-tak, Joseph, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor LEE Chack-fan, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor CHOW Wing-sun, Nelson, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. YANG Mun-tak, Marjorie, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LEE Cho-jat, G.B.S.
The Honourable Sir Gerard BRENNAN, G.B.S.
Ms. CHAN Shuk-leung, G.B.S.
2014
The Honourable Mr. Justice Frank STOCK, G.B.S., J.P.
The Right Honourable the Lord HOFFMANN, G.B.S.
Miss AU King-chi, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHAN Chung-bun, Bunny, G.B.S., J.P.
Ir. Dr. WONG Kwok-keung, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. HUNG Chao-hong, Albert, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LAW Chi-kwong, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHOI Koon-shum, Jonathan, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Duncan Warren PESCOD, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. YOUNG Lap-moon, Raymond, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WU Moon-hoi, Marco, G.B.S.
2015
The Honourable CHOW Chung-kong, G.B.S., J.P.
The Right Honourable the Lord MILLETT, G.B.S.
The Honourable CHEUNG Yu-yan, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WONG Hung-chiu, Raymond, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. WONG Ying-wai, Wilfred, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LEE Ka-kit, Peter, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WAI Chi-sing, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAM Shu-chit, G.B.S.
Mr. KAN Fook-yee, G.B.S.
Mr. TSANG Wai-hung, G.B.S., PDSM
Mr. KOO Joseph, G.B.S.
The Right Honourable the Lord WOOLF, G.B.S.
Dr. LAM Kin-ngok, Peter, G.B.S.
Mr. CHOI Park-lai, G.B.S.
2016
The Honourable LAI Tung-kwok, G.B.S., I.D.S.M., J.P.
The Honourable WONG Kam-sing, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable CHAN Mo-po, Paul, G.B.S., M.H., J.P.
The Honourable CHAN Kam-lam, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable FANG Kang, Vincent, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr Justice TO Kwai-fung, Anthony, G.B.S.
Mr. TUNG Chee-chen, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. WONG Sean-yee, Anissa, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. YUEN Ming-fai, Richard, G.B.S., J.P.
Miss TAM Kam-lan, Annie, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. KI Man-fung, Leonie, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. PANG Yiu-kai, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. YEUNG Chun-kam, Charles, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LIU Changle, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LO Man-tuen, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Winfried ENGELBRECHT-BRESGES, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAM Kwong-siu, G.B.S.
Mr. TANG Kwok-wai, Paul, G.B.S., J.P.
2017
The Honourable NG Hak-kim, Eddie, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. the Honourable KO Wing-man, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable CHEUNG Chi-kong, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable YANG Wei-hsiung, Nicholas, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable CHEUNG Wan-ching, Clement, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable SUI Wai-keung, Stephen, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable MA Siu-cheung, Eric, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. SUN Tak-kei, David, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable WONG Ting-kwong, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable CHAN Kin-por, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice FUNG Wah, Barnabas, G.B.S.
Mr. LAW Chi-kong, Joshua, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. SHIU Sin-por, G.B.S., J.P.
Miss HO Shuk-yee, Susie, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. NG Leung-ho, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor CHOW Chun-kay, Stephen, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. MA Ho-fai, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. KAO Ching-chi, Sophia, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAU Ping-cheung, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. LI Sau-hung, Eddy, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. WONG Yau-kar, David, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAU Ming-wai, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHUNG Chi-ping, Roy, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. IP Sik-on, Simon, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. LAM Shuk-yee, G.B.S.
2018
The Right Honourable the Lord NEUBERGER of Abbotsbury, G.B.S.
Mr. LIN Sun-mo, Willy, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. HON Chi-keung, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. FONG Yun-wah, Henry, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Thomas Brian STEVENSON, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor YUEN Kwok-yung, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. Charles Nicholas BROOKE, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHENG Wai-sun, Edward, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. KUNG Lin-cheng, Leo, G.B.S., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Michael Victor LUNN, G.B.S.
2019
The Honourable LIAO Cheung-kong, Martin, G.B.S., J.P.
The Right Honourable the Lord WALKER of Gestingthorpe, G.B.S.
The Most Reverend Dr. KWONG Paul, G.B.S.
Mr. WONG Ho-yuen, Andrew, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. YING Yiu-hong, Stanley, G.B.S., J.P.
Mrs. LAI CHAN Chi-kuen, Marion, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. NG Sau-kei, Wilfred, G.B.S., MH, J.P.
Mr. TONG Carlson, G.B.S., J.P.
Professor LEONG Chi-yan, John, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. CHEN Cheng-jen, Clement, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHEUK Wing-hing, G.B.S., J.P.
2020
Mr. LO Wai-chung, Stephen, G.B.S., P.D.S.M., J.P.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Anthony Murray GLEESON, G.B.S.
The Honourable MA Fung-kwok, G.B.S., J.P.
Miss LAU Yin-wah, Emma, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. TSE Man-yee, Elizabeth, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. CHOW Tat-ming, Thomas, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAI Yee-tak, Joseph, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. TONG Chi-keung, Donald, G.B.S., J.P.
Ms. CHAN Yuen-han, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. PANG Cheung-wai, Thomas, G.B.S., J.P.
Dr. TAM Kam-kau, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. WONG Tung-shun, Peter, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. LAU, James Henry Jr., G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. KUNG Chun-lung, G.B.S., J.P.
Mr. NG Woon-yim, G.B.S., M.H.
References
External links
See also
Silver Bauhinia Star
Bronze Bauhinia Star
Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong
Lists of Hong Kong people
Awards established in 1997 |
4034075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad%20Maule | Brad Maule | George Bradley Maule (born October 11, 1951) is an American actor best known for his role as Dr. Tony Jones on the American television serial General Hospital. He played the role from 1984 until February 2006.
Acting Roles
REDEARTH88 (Gregory Atkins - 2007)
General Hospital (Dr. Tony Jones, 1984 - February 10, 2006, November 2019)
7th Heaven (12 episodes, 2002–2005)
The Young and the Restless (Reverend Palmer, 2004)
Passions (Dr. Able, 2003)
Port Charles (Dr. Tony Jones - 1997, 1999, 2000)
Too Soon for Jeff (1996)
Buffalo Bill (1984)
Malibu (1983)
Three's Company (1981)
Charlie's Angels (1980–1981)
The Last Married Couple In America (1980)
Barbary Coast (1978)
References
External links
Interview with Brad Maule on (re)Search my Trash
1951 births
American male soap opera actors
Living people
People from Rotan, Texas
Stephen F. Austin State University alumni
Stephen F. Austin State University faculty |
4034076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberton%2C%20Prince%20Edward%20Island | Alberton, Prince Edward Island | Alberton is a Canadian town located in Prince County, Prince Edward Island. It is situated in the western part of the county in the township of Lot 5.
Alberton is a service centre for local fishing and farming communities, and is adjacent to the community and harbour of Northport.
History
The area was long settled by the Mi'kmaq Nation. Europeans first ventured to the area in 1534 when French explorer Jacques Cartier recorded making landfall at nearby Cape Kildare during his journey of discovery in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River. Acadians settled on the island in small numbers through the 17th and 18th centuries but only moved in greater numbers to the western part of Ile-Saint-Jean and specifically north of present-day Alberton to the Tignish area following their expulsion by British military forces in the late 1750s.
Following British victory over France, the island's sovereignty passed to Britain in 1763. In 1765, Captain Samuel Holland surveyed the island and the British government instituted a feudal system of land ownership. The township of Lot 5, which contains present-day Alberton, was granted to Edward Lewis, a British Member of Parliament in the 1767 land lottery.
Northport, located near present-day Alberton began to be settled in the 1780s after Lewis made plans for a small trading town called "Lewis Town". Located at Bury Head in Northport, it was established in June 1788 and was first populated by local Acadians who had escaped expulsion three decades before British settlements. Scottish and Devonshire settlers were brought in by Lewis to settle his township.
A local shipbuilding industry and lumber trade at Northport brought prosperity to the area throughout the 1800s, although this went into decline as more forested areas were lost to agriculture, on account of the excellent soils in the area.
Alberton started to take shape in the 1840s and underwent several name changes, "Cross Roads, "The Cross,"Stump Town". The nearby shipbuilding, lumber and shipping industries had resulted in developing a sustainable community which was a major trade centre in western Prince County. In 1862, it was named in honour of Albert Edward, the Prince of Wales, who later became King Edward VII and who had visited Prince Edward Island in 1860. The community was named Alberton on 27 June 1862.
Railways and other constructions
In 1872, the Prince Edward Island Railway was constructed, making the port at Northport, adjacent to Alberton, its western terminus. It connected Alberton with communities to the east such as O'Leary, Summerside, Charlottetown, Georgetown and Souris.
The western terminus was subsequently extended further from Alberton to Tignish in a sharp diversion just east of the Alberton passenger station, where a wye was constructed and a small railway yard, leading to the spur to Northport. Alberton went into its own terminus during this period, with various mills, manufacturing businesses, stores and services. The community became a village in 1878, and became home to a court house and justice centre for western Prince County that year.
Alberton became the centre of the worldwide silver fox industry when Charles Dalton and Robert Oulton began farming the fur-bearing animals on an island in the harbour at Northport in 1894, bringing tremendous prosperity to area residents and business owners. Despite a fire that devastated part of the town the following year, Alberton quickly reflected its growing economic importance of the village. The railway constructed a new passenger station designed by architect Charles Benjamin Chappell for Alberton in the early 1900s entirely out of stone, one of only two such stations on the island (the other being in Kensington).
The fox farming industry brought increased growth in the population and tax base for the community, which resulted in an upgrade from village status, becoming an incorporated town in May 1913. Silver fox farming remained profitable through the 1940s. Many distinctive houses in the community are a reminder of the fortunes that were made during this period.
The Western Hospital was constructed in 1945 and was the first hospital built west of Summerside. The public library opened in 1951, followed by the federal government building in 1962 and the Jacques Cartier Arena and a community museum in 1964. The Maplewood Manor nursing home opened in 1967.
Geography
Alberton is roughly equidistant between Tignish and O'Leary, and is situated along the north shore of the island, fronting the open Gulf of St. Lawrence. It has a land area of approximately .
90 km : Confederation Bridge (to New Brunswick)
120 km : Charlottetown
66 km : Summerside
176 km : Wood Islands ferry (to Nova Scotia)
Climate
Alberton experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) similar to that of coastal Hokkaido, being somewhat less extreme due to the island condition and being surrounded by the Gulf of St Lawrence. The amount of rain recorded on a single day was 102 mm on 5 August 1989 and the daily record of snowfall was 56.1 cm on 15 December 2003. Although the odors associated with fishing and shipping, according to one 2008 report air quality agrees the criteria of regulatory projects of the same.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Alberton had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Economy
The majority of the Alberton work force is employed in the service sector, serving a surrounding population of 5000 residents in western Prince County.
Fishing
The fishing industry in the adjacent community of Northport is a significant economic activity, with landings by fishing boats totalling 3 million kilograms of species such as American lobster, mussels, snow crab, soft-shell clams, cod, herring, American plaice, mackerel, sea scallop, yellowtail, eel, winter flounder, smelt, rock crab, tomcod, silversides, porbeagle, and blue shark.
Source: 1996, DFO
Agriculture
The agriculture industry in areas surrounding Alberton is dominated by farmers growing potatoes that are used for table stock, French fries, potato chips or cooking, although a significant number of seed growers are in the area as well.
Education
In 2011 Holland College West Prince Campus opened the doors in a beautiful new facility located in the centre of Alberton. The town has private day care and publicly funded kindergarten facilities, as well as Alberton Elementary School (gr.1-6, 234 students). Students are also transported by bus to the more centrally located M.E. Callaghan School (gr. 7–9, 378 students) and Westisle Composite High School (gr. 10–12, 748 students), both being located in nearby communities.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Alberton is located on Route 12, which is part of the North Cape Coastal Drive. The town is several kilometers northeast of Route 2, the main provincial east–west secondary highway. Alberton Harbor in Northport is administered by the small craft harbors division of the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
Health care
Alberton is home to the Western Hospital which serves the area with 25 acute care beds and 2 palliative care beds. There is a pharmacy, and a 24-hour medical clinic located at the hospital. In addition, there is Maplewood Manor which is a long-term care facility, and the new Rev W.J. Phillips Residence which offers 25 units of enriched residential care.
Amenities
The town is in close proximity to three provincial parks: Mill River Provincial Park, Bloomfield Provincial Park, and Jacques Cartier Provincial Park. It is also located on the Confederation Trail for walking, running and bicycling in the summer.
The area offers opportunities for recreational fishing at Gallant's Pond, Arsenault's Pond, Blanchard's Pond, Gordon's Pond, Warren's Pond, Black
Pond, Leard's Pond, MacAusland's Pond, Livingstone's Pond, Mill River Bridge,
Cain's Brook, Miminegash River, Little Tignish River, the Old Dam Site on the
Mill River, the Trout River, and the Little and Big Pierre Jacques Rivers. Atlantic Salmon can also be fished (using a fly) in Leard's Pond and Trout River after the middle of June.
Historic Sites
The Alberton Court House was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1981. It has housed the Alberton Museum since 1980 and contains various displays from its collection pertaining to the area.
The town park contains a monument to the pioneers of silver fox farming, Robert Oulton and Charles Dalton.
Facilities
Facilities include:
Holland College West Prince Campus
Alberton Community Centre (bowling lanes, bingo,)
Alberton Elementary School
Alberton Library
Iron Haven Gym
Jacques Cartier Memorial Arena
Maplewood Manor
Stone Station Park
Prince County Exhibition Grounds
Town Community Room
Veterans Memorial Park
Western Community Curling Club
soccer field
two baseball diamonds
Events
The Prince County Exhibition is held every August and features livestock shows, exhibits, meals, racing, youth talent, strongman competition, and a midway.
Other events include the Alberton Day Festival, Canada Day .
Churches
Alberton has seven churches:
Alberton Baptist Church
Alberton Presbyterian Church
Apostolic Pentecostal
Gordon Memorial United Church Of Canada
Kingdom Hall Of Jehovah's Witness
Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church
St. Peter's Anglican Church
Media
The Journal Pioneer, a weekly newspaper published in Summerside, maintains its office for western Prince County in Alberton.
The West Prince Graphic is a weekly newspaper serving the western part of Prince County and is published locally.
A bi-weekly advertising
paper called the Penny Saver is published and distributed to all the residents of Western PEI.
Notable person
Joe O'Brien, Harness racing driver.
References
External links
Communities in Prince County, Prince Edward Island
Towns in Prince Edward Island
Populated coastal places in Canada
Populated places established in 1534
1534 establishments in the French colonial empire |
4034081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A2n%20Thomas | Siân Thomas | Siân Thomas (born 20 September 1953) is a British actress who trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She is known both for her work on stage and for her television and film appearances such as Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix in which she played Amelia Bones. Her voice is known to listeners both for her poetry readings on Radio 3 and for her audiobooks.
Career
Thomas played a prominent role in 1993 TV film Wide-Eyed and Legless, known as The Wedding Gift outside of the UK. Based on a true story, the drama tells of the author Deric Longden's (played by Jim Broadbent) final years of marriage to his first wife Diana (Julie Walters) in the early 1980s and her fight against an illness which doctors then did not understand, later believed to be a form of chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis. The film also featured Thora Hird as Deric Longden's mother Annie. Thomas played partially-sighted Aileen Armitage, the novelist who would become Longden's second wife in 1990.
In 2002 she appeared in London's West End theatre production Up for Grabs with Madonna. The critic Michael Billington commented that "Madonna is not positively bad: just technically awkward. But, fortunately, she is buttressed by strong supporting players. Sian Thomas, who can get a laugh simply through the flick of an eyelid, is superb as a Courtauld-trained consultant longing to get her revenge on the corporate world."
In 2004, Thomas played the leading role of Lady Macbeth in the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of Macbeth at Stratford-on-Avon. Billington wrote that "Sian Thomas was also born to play Lady Macbeth. She has the right mixture of attack, sexiness and emotional drive", adding that she gave Shakespeare's sometimes complex lines exactly the right stress to bring out the subtle antitheses. He noted, too, that she brought out the character's steadily growing "tactical and emotional isolation".
In the musical Spring Awakening in London in 2009, she and Richard Cordery played "all the adult roles with cartoon-like aplomb".
In 2010, Thomas played the leading role of the queen in the National Theatre Wales's production of Aeschylus's The Persians, described by The Guardian as "a tremendous performance as the queen, a woman of fiery splendour reduced to ululating agony as the disasters mount and she cries 'this is the peak of my misery'."
In 2011, she played the leading lady Martha in the Northern Stage and Sheffield theatres co-production of Edward Albee's play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?. The critic Clare Brennan commented that she and the leading man Jasper Britton "seize the parts for their own", as Thomas's Martha "part praying mantis, part puppet, jerks around the stage as if impelled by forces trying to rip free from her control – despair, grief and rage."
From 2012 she appeared as Atorloppe in the BBC's Merlin series.
Thomas has read poetry for the BBC Radio 3 programme Words and Music. She has also been employed on several audiobooks including Allison Pearson's I Think I Love You and Marina Lewycka's A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian.
Family
Thomas spent part of her childhood living in Canada. She is the sister of the actress Sara Mair-Thomas. Her partner is the British poet Tony Harrison.
Partial filmography
Prick Up Your Ears (1987) - Marilyn Orton
Erik the Viking (1989) - Thorhild the Sarcastic
Vanity Fair (2004) - Lady Darlington
Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006) - Madame Gaillard
The Ruby in the Smoke (2006) - Mrs. Rees
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) - Amelia Bones
War Machine (2017) - Secretary of State Edith May
References
External links
1953 births
Welsh film actresses
Welsh television actresses
Welsh stage actresses
Living people
Audiobook narrators
Alumni of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
People from Stratford-upon-Avon
Welsh expatriates in Canada
21st-century Welsh actresses
20th-century Welsh actresses |
4034085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%20sheet | Term sheet | A term sheet is a bullet-point document outlining the material terms and conditions of a potential business agreement, establishing the basis for future negotiations between a seller and buyer. It is usually the first documented evidence of possible acquisition. It may be either binding or non-binding.
After a term sheet has been "executed", it guides legal counsel in the preparation of a proposed "final agreement". It then guides, but is not necessarily binding, as the signatories negotiate, usually with legal counsel, the final terms of their agreement.
Term sheets are very similar to "letters of intent" (LOI) in that they are both preliminary, mostly non-binding documents meant to record two or more parties' intentions to enter into a future agreement based on specified (but incomplete or preliminary) terms. The difference between the two is slight and mostly a matter of style: an LOI is typically written in letter form and focuses on the parties' intentions; a term sheet skips most of the formalities and lists deal terms in bullet-point or similar format. There is an implication that an LOI only refers to the final form. A term sheet may be a proposal, not an agreed-to document.
Venture capital financing
Within the context of venture capital financing, a term sheet typically includes conditions for financing a startup company. The key offering terms in such a term sheet include (a) amount raised, (b) price per share, (c) pre-money valuation, (d) liquidation preference, (e) voting rights, (f) anti-dilution provisions, and (g) registration rights.
It is customary to begin the negotiation of a venture investment with the circulation of a term sheet, which is a summary of the terms the proposer (the issuer, the investor, or an intermediary) is prepared to accept. The term sheet is analogous to a letter of intent, a nonbinding outline of the principal points which the stock purchase agreement and related agreements will cover in detail.
The advantage of the abbreviated term sheet format is, first, that it expedites the process. Experienced counsel immediately know generally what is meant when the term sheet specifies "one demand registration at the issuer's expense, unlimited piggybacks at the issuer's expense, weighted average antidilution"; it saves time not to have to spell out the long-form edition of those references. Second, since the term sheet does not propose to be an agreement of any sort, it is less likely that a court will find unexpected promissory content; a "letter of intent" can be a dangerous document unless it specifies very clearly, as it should, which portions are meant to be binding and which merely guide the discussion and drafting. Some portions of a term sheet can have binding effect, of course, if and to the extent an interlocutory memorialization is needed of some binding promises, that is, confidentiality of the disclosures made in the negotiation. The summary format of a term sheet, however, makes it less likely that any party will be misled into thinking that some form of enforceable agreement has been memorialized when it has not.
Some important terms to founders and venture capitalists:
Return - Valuation/ Dilution: One of the most important terms for founders is valuation; whether the evaluation is high or not tells the entrepreneurs whether or not the investor is credible. Also, option pools are part of the evaluation and usually founders have the power to negotiate option pool, they shouldn’t get greedy and should present a strong case. This term is important since option pool can lower the effective valuation.
Control - BOD: A very common and usual arrangement is a board of three directors, one from investor and two from founders (for motivational purposes).
Liquidation Preferences: This represents how much the founders will receive in an event of company sale etc. Thus it is very important as the ultimate goal is to make returns. Terms represented by CRV seem normal and acceptable.
Founder vesting: This plays a major role in motivating the founders
Voting rights: Voting rights are very important to the investor in this case for them to demand rights of whether to accept or reject actions taken by the founders such as sale, additional financing and other matters that should be approved by a certain percentage of Series A Preferred stockholders (the VC).
Co-Sale Terms: If one of the common shareholders were to sell his/her shares, partially or completely, they should include the investors, or drag them along with the sale and sell part of theirs. This is very crucial to the investor.
References
External links
MaRS Term sheet template (angel or venture capital investors)
Legal documents |
4034087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Chien | Raymond Chien | Raymond Ch'ien Kuo-fung GBS CBE JP (, born 26 January 1952 in Tokyo, Japan) Raymond Ch'ien, is a Hong Kong businessman and former politician. "Ch'ien Kuo-fung" literally translates to "money + fruit + abundance" in Chinese.
Career
He is director of The Wharf Ltd. and HSBC; former non-executive chairman of MTR Corporation Limited until 2015 and chairman of CDC Corporation. He was a director of HSBC Holdings until 2007, when he became Chairman of Hang Seng Bank.
He chairs the Advisory Committee on Corruption of the Independent Commission Against Corruption and the Chairman of the Hong Kong/European Union Business Cooperation Committee, and is a Hong Kong member of the APEC Business Advisory Council. He was also a member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong from 1992 to June 2002 under both British Administration and HKSAR. He was the chairman of St Stephen's College Council.
In January 2013, he was re-appointed MTR Corporation Chairman. He held this position until December 2015.
Honours
He was appointed the Justice of the Peace in 1993; named Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1994 and awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star Medal in 1999.
References
External link
http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/investrelation/governance.php
1952 births
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong
Hong Kong bankers
Hong Kong chief executives
Hang Seng Bank
HSBC people
Living people
MTR Corporation
The Wharf (Holdings)
Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star
Politicians from Tokyo
Members of the Selection Committee of Hong Kong
China Resources people |
4034091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%20the%20Collapse | Do the Collapse | Do the Collapse is the 11th album by Dayton, Ohio indie rock group Guided by Voices. In contrast with their lo-fi reputation, the album features glossy production work from Ric Ocasek, which drew a mixed reception from critics and fans. "Hold On Hope" was covered by country singer Glen Campbell on his 61st album Ghost on the Canvas in 2011. In his introduction to James Greer's book Guided by Voices: A Brief History: Twenty-One Years of Hunting Accidents in the Forests of Rock and Roll, Academy Award-winning film maker Steven Soderbergh referenced the album stating "that album Ric Ocasek produced was terrific."
Reception
AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave a negative review, giving the album 2 stars of 5. He criticized the album for having similar compositions of past releases despite major production differences, and considered the band to be lost musically speaking. He also believed the production didn't work with the tracks and resulted in the band creating an "overblown" sound which contrasted negatively with their indie aesthetics. Conversely, in a warmer review for NME, the album was praised as a “timeless, seamless, psychedelic folk-rock soul-quaver perfection to fall in love with life to”.
Accolades
The track "Teenage FBI" was named the 160th on the "500 Greatest Modern Rock Song of All Time" by 97X in 2006.
Appearance in popular culture
featured on the soundtrack to the Buffy the Vampire Slayer TV-series.
featured on NCAA Football 2006.
featured on the Scrubs episode "My Occurrence"
featured on the 2000 film Attraction.
Track listing
"Teenage FBI" – 2:53
"Zoo Pie" – 2:18
"Things I Will Keep" – 2:25
"Hold on Hope" – 3:31
"In Stitches" – 3:39
"Dragons Awake!" – 2:08
"Surgical Focus" – 3:48
"Optical Hopscotch" – 3:01
"Mushroom Art" – 1:47
"Much Better Mr. Buckles" – 2:24
"Wormhole" – 2:33
"Strumpet Eye" – 1:58
"Liquid Indian" – 3:38
"Wrecking Now" – 2:33
"Picture Me Big Time" – 4:01
"An Unmarketed Product" – 1:08
Personnel
GBV
Robert Pollard - Vocals, guitar, composer
Doug Gillard - Guitar, keyboard, vocals
Greg Demos - Bass
Jim Macpherson - Drums
Other/production
Ric Ocasek - Production, Mixing, Engineering, Keyboards
David Soldier (Sulzer) - String Arrangements, Violin
Brian Sperber - Engineer, Keyboards, Mixing
George Marino - Mastering
Ariane Lallemand - Cello
Dylan Williams - Viola
References
1999 albums
Guided by Voices albums
Albums produced by Ric Ocasek |
4034093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Dulov | Alexander Dulov | Alexander Andreevich Dulov (; May 15, 1931, Moscow — November 15, 2007) was a Soviet and Russian poet, songwriter, bard, and chemist.
Biography
Alexander Dulov graduated from Moscow State University with a specialization in Chemistry and worked at the Russian Academy of Science Institute of Organic Chemistry. Dulov started to write songs in the early 1950s. He has written more than 200 songs over his career. A few of his songs were written based on his own poetry, but the majority used the poetry of other authors such as Sasha Cherny, Vladislav Khodasevich, Konstantin Bal'mont, Vasily Kurochkin, Nikolay Gumilev, Nikolay Rubtsov, Anna Kipner, Varlam Shalamov, Daniil Andreev, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Igor Irtenyev, Alexander Kushner, and others. Alexander Dulov died on November 15, 2007.
Publications
Александр Дулов. А музыке нас птицы научили. М., Вагант, 2001.
Discography
Ариозо неглупца (2000)
Дорога в дождь (1999)
Три сосны (2000)
Наш разговор
1931 births
2007 deaths
Moscow State University alumni
Russian chemists
Soviet chemists
20th-century chemists
Russian bards
Russian male poets
Soviet male singer-songwriters
20th-century Russian singers
20th-century Russian male singers |
4034108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encore%20Books | Encore Books | Encore Books was a regional chain of bookstores based in the eastern United States until its closure in 1999.
Founding
Encore Books was started by David Schlessinger, who went on to found the Zany Brainy and Five Below retail chains. It enjoyed a prosperous early life and was sold to the Rite Aid Corporation, which later spun the company off.
Troubles
By the time of its closure, the 50 Encore Books locations were owned by Lauriat's, a 127-year-old company based in Canton, Massachusetts. Problems were legion in the company's final years. A leveraged buyout, rapid expansion, and difficulty working with publishers due to competition from Borders and Barnes & Noble had forced the company into bankruptcy. Lauriat's had already gone through a round of store closings by the time the closure of the entire chain was announced. In 1999, the company closed the 71 stores that operated under the Lauriat's, Book Corner and Encore names.
Stores
Most Encore Books locations were small operations, similar to the B. Dalton and Waldenbooks stores popular in the 1970s and 1980s. However, the company operated two large stores, dubbed Encore Books and Music—complete with a music section, plush chairs, and a coffee shop—in Princeton, New Jersey, and Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. Its two other largest stores operated in State College, Pennsylvania, and Middletown, New York. It operated a smaller, but very successful store on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
References
Minzesheimer, Bob, "Even small chains are swallowed in battle of the bookstore giants," USA Today, August 12, 1999.
Rulison, Larry, "Cohn closes on fund for Five Below chain," Philadelphia Business Journal, October 10, 2003.
http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2003/10/13/newscolumn1.html
"Lauriat's bookstore chain to close, liquidate inventory," The Associated Press, June 11, 1999.
Defunct retail companies of the United States
Retail companies disestablished in 1999
Bookstores in Massachusetts
Defunct companies based in Massachusetts |
4034111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigitte%20Acton | Brigitte Acton | Brigitte Acton (born November 30, 1985) is a Canadian alpine skier. Acton competed at the 2006 Winter Games, where she finished 11th in the giant slalom, 17th in the slalom, and 10th in the combined. She also competed at the 2010 Winter Games.
She finished first in Slalom in the 2006 Canadian National Championships, second in Giant Slalom and seventh in Super G.
Personal life
Acton's mother, Diane Pratte, competed in the 1972 Olympics in Sapporo, Japan. Acton's father, Gordon Acton was a member of the Canadian National Ski Team, as well as her sister Lise-Marie, uncles Raymond and Michel Pratte and aunt Claude Pratte.
On September 3, 2010, Acton married NHL goaltender Mike Smith. They have four children.
References
External links
Recent race results
Olympic.ca
1985 births
Living people
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Canadian female alpine skiers
Canadian people of English descent
Olympic alpine skiers of Canada
Sportspeople from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Skiing people from Ontario |
4034135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Dictator | Digital Dictator | Digital Dictator is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 1988 through Shrapnel Records (United States) and Roadrunner Records (Europe); a remastered edition was reissued in 2009.
Track listing
Personnel
Vicious Rumors
Carl Albert – lead vocals
Geoff Thorpe – guitar, background vocals
Mark McGee – guitar, mandolin, background vocals
Dave Starr – bass, background vocals
Larry Howe – drums, background vocals
Additional musicians
John Lavaysse – background vocals
Dino Alden – background vocals, assistant engineer
Production
Dave Starr – mixing
Dino Alden – engineer (assistant)
Guy Aitchison – cover art
Steve Pollutro – logo
George Horn – mastering at Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California
Rocky Ball – photography
Geoff Thorpe – cover concept, mixing, producer
Mark McGee – mixing
Doug Troxell – photography, production manager, sleeve design
Steve Fontano – producer, engineer, mixing
Rick Likong – photography
John Umphrey – photography
Stephanie Ball – photography
Tim Gennert – remastering (reissue)
References
Vicious Rumors albums
1987 albums
Shrapnel Records albums
Roadrunner Records albums |
4034142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%20Grove%20Teachers%20College | Kelvin Grove Teachers College | Kelvin Grove Teachers' College was established in 1961 to provide courses in primary and secondary teacher education from its predecessor the Queensland Teachers' Training College.
The Queensland Teachers' Training College was established in 1914 with 25 enrolments. In 1923 the college moved to the "old" Trades Hall on the corner of Edward and Turbot Streets in Brisbane, where it remained until January 1942. The following month, the College moved to the campus of the North Brisbane Intermediate School at Kelvin Grove, when it had an enrolment of 676 students, most in its primary teaching course. At that time the student population also included 72 mature-aged students recruited to meet the shortage of teachers due to war-time exigencies.
The College subsequently underwent a series of name changes, initially to the Senior Teachers' Training College (1944), and then to the Queensland Teachers' College (1950), Kelvin Grove Teachers' College (1961), Kelvin Grove College of Teacher Education (1974), Kelvin Grove College of Advanced Education (1976), Kelvin Grove Campus of the Brisbane College of Advanced Education (1982), and Kelvin Grove Campus of the Queensland University of Technology (1990).
Notable alumni
Fran Bailey
Major General Michael Fairweather, AM
Alan Jones
Laurie Lawrence, former Australian Olympic swimming coach and Rugby Union international.
References
Teachers colleges in Australia
Colleges of Advanced Education |
4034167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Baldwin%2C%203rd%20Earl%20Baldwin%20of%20Bewdley | Arthur Baldwin, 3rd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley | Arthur Windham Baldwin, 3rd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley (22 March 1904 – 5 July 1976) was a British businessman, RAF officer, and author. His books included a combative defence of the posthumous reputation of his father, Stanley Baldwin, the former prime minister of the UK, in which he severely criticised several leading historians of the time.
Early life
Baldwin was the younger son of Stanley Baldwin, later 1st Earl of Baldwin of Bewdley, and his wife, Lucy, . He was known to his family and friends by the nickname "Bloggs".
He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge.
Career
In the inter-war years Baldwin was a director of several companies, including the Round Oak Steel Works, Redpath, Brown, and the Great Western Railway, and between 1938 and 1974 he was a director of the Equitable Life Assurance Society. He served in the Royal Air Force during World War II. Despising patronage, he successfully set out to gain a commission through the ranks.
Baldwin published three books in the 1950s and 60s. The first was a biography of his father, written as a result of his strong feeling that the official biography by G. M. Young did not do Stanley Baldwin justice. Baldwin strongly criticised not only Young, but other historians, including John Wheeler-Bennett, D. C. Somervell and Sir Lewis Namier for, in his view, misjudging the former prime minister. His second book, The Macdonald Sisters was a study of the four daughters of the Rev G. B. Macdonald: Alice married Rudyard Kipling's father; Georgiana married Edward Burne-Jones; Agnes married Edward Poynter; and Louisa married Alfred Baldwin, Windham's paternal grandfather. In 1967 he published a memoir of his wartime experiences. The reviewer in The Times, commented, "He tells it all with amusement and skill … the atmosphere of the RAF seeps unmistakably through."
Peerage
On 10 August 1958, on the death of the second earl, his elder brother, Oliver, Baldwin succeeded to the United Kingdom titles of Earl Baldwin of Bewdley and Viscount Corvedale. He spoke in the House of Lords from time to time, mostly on the subjects of transport and industry.
Personal life
On 25 August 1936, Baldwin was married to Joan Elspeth Tomes, daughter of Charles Alexander Tomes, merchant in the Far East with Shewan, Tomes & Co. They had one child:
Edward Alfred Alexander Baldwin, 4th Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 January 1938 – 16 June 2021)
The 3rd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley died on 5 July 1976, aged 72. The Countess Baldwin of Bewdley died in 1980.
Arms
Works
Notes, references and sources
Notes
References
Sources
1904 births
1976 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Children of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Earls Baldwin of Bewdley
Royal Air Force officers
English biographers
English autobiographers |
4034168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Brydon | Emily Brydon | Emily Brydon (born April 21, 1980, in Fernie, British Columbia) is a Canadian former alpine skier. She reached the podium on the World Cup circuit nine times—five in downhill, three in super G, and one in combined—and won once, a super G in 2008 in St. Moritz. She competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics. Her coaches were Heinzpeter Platter, Rob Boyd, and Brett Zagozewski. She also competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics but fell and did not finish.
References
External links
Profile at Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics
1980 births
Living people
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Canadian female alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers of Canada
People from Fernie, British Columbia
Sportspeople from British Columbia |
4034197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Jong-seok%20%28politician%29 | Lee Jong-seok (politician) | Lee Jong-seok (born May 11, 1958) is a former South Korean Minister of Unification and chairman of the National Security Council, having succeeded Chung Dong-young on February 10, 2006. His appointment was controversial as certain lawmakers wanted to separate the two posts, while others were troubled by questions raised during his confirmation hearings over his apparent failure to properly brief President Roh Moo-hyun. Prior to his appointment, he had been the council's deputy chief.
He was a member of the ruling Uri Party. A graduate of Sungkyunkwan University who spent most of his career as an academic, he authored the 2000 book "Understanding Contemporary North Korea". He is widely seen as an important behind-the-scenes figure in South Korea's neutralist realignment in foreign policy between the United States and North Korea, working on the Sunshine Policy and accompanying Kim Dae-jung to the North Korean summit meeting in 2000.
Lee is now a senior researcher at the Sejong Institute in the southern Seoul suburb of Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province.
External links
"Roh Appoints Ministers Over Lawmakers' Objections", The Chosun Ilbo, February 10, 2006.
"Official and Unofficial Scrutiny of a Minister-to-Be", The Chosun Ilbo, February 6, 2006.
"New policymaker for North preceded by his reputation", The Joongang Daily, January 14, 2006.
Living people
Sungkyunkwan University alumni
Government ministers of South Korea
1958 births
People from Gyeonggi Province
Experts on North Korea |
4034209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMNZS%20Monowai | HMNZS Monowai | The name HMNZS Monowai may apply to the following ships of the Royal New Zealand Navy:
, an armed merchant cruiser commissioned 1940–1943
, a hydrographic survey vessel commissioned 1977–1997
Royal New Zealand Navy ship names |
4034222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teruo%20Yajima | Teruo Yajima | was a Japanese writer.
He was born and raised in Tokyo, and studied French literature at Waseda University. After dropping out of university, he worked as an editor of Weekly Manga Action. As a disciple of Takaaki Yoshimoto, he wrote for Yoshimoto's magazine "Shikô (試行: Trial)". In the 1970s, his novel "Mô hitotsu no seikatsu (Another Life)" was nominated for The Akutagawa Prize. William Faulkner and Oe Kenzaburo had a big influence on his novels.
1999 deaths
1939 births
Japanese writers |
4034239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil%20Na%27od | Dil Na'od | Dil Na'od was the last King of Aksum before the Zagwe dynasty. He lived in either the 9th or 10th century. Dil Na'od was the younger son of Ged'a Jan (or Degna Djan), and succeeded his older brother 'Anbasa Wedem as negus. According to E. A. Wallis Budge, "The reign of Delna'ad was short, perhaps about ten years." However, James Bruce has recorded another tradition, that Dil Na'od was an infant when Gudit slaughtered the princes imprisoned at Debre Damo, his relatives, and forced some of his nobles to take him out of his kingdom to save his life.
Dil Na'od is recorded as both campaigning in the Ethiopian Highlands south of Axum, and sending missionaries into that region. With Abuna Salama I, he helped to build the church of Debre Igziabher overlooking Lake Hayq.
According to one tradition, he was defeated by Mara Takla Haymanot, a prince from Lasta province, who married Dil Na'od's daughter, Masaba Warq. According to tradition, a son of Dil Na'od was carried to Amhara, where he was harbored until his descendants overthrew the Zagwe, and re-established the Solomonic dynasty.
Dil'Naod is credited with building and establishing the original structures for both the church of Debre Egzi-'abhēr & Istifanos Monastery at Lake Hayq.
References
External links
This article was previously published in B. Michael, S. Chojnacki and R. Pankhurst (eds.), The Dictionary of Ethiopian Biography, Vol. 1: From Early Times to the End of the Zagwé Dynasty c. 1270 A.D (Addis Ababa, 1975).
Kings of Axum
10th-century monarchs in Africa |
4034241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve%20Bank%20of%20Fiji | Reserve Bank of Fiji | The Reserve Bank of Fiji (RBF) is the central bank of the Pacific island country of Fiji. The responsibilities of the RBF include issue of currency, control of money supply, currency exchange, monetary stability, promotion of sound finances, and fostering economic development.
The current Governor of the Bank is Faizul Ariff Ali.
The Bank is the only institution that is permitted to issue Fijian dollars and put them into circulation.
Statutory responsibilities
The functions, powers, and responsibilities of the Bank are specified in the Reserve Bank of Fiji Act, 1983. The principal purposes of the Bank as stated in Part ll, Section 4 of the Reserve Bank Act are as follows:
Departments and functions
The Bank has four main departments – economics, financial markets, financial institutions and currency and corporate services. The key roles of each department are as follows:
Economics
The Economics department's main responsibility is to conduct economic analysis and provide advice on the formulation of monetary policy. Some of the key tasks performed by the department are as follows:
Monitoring economic and financial developments and providing advice on appropriate monetary policy settings in Fiji;
Undertaking research and preparing economic forecasts;
Writing and co-ordinating the Bank's publications; and
Co-ordinating economic policy with relevant authorities.
Financial Markets
The Financial Markets department has the primary responsibility for implementing monetary policy, managing Fiji's foreign reserves and providing banking services to the Government. It also handles foreign exchange regulation and control as well as exchange rates. Its key functions include:
Conducting open market operations to achieve operational monetary policy targets;
Managing Fiji's foreign reserves;
Maintaining appropriate exchange rate arrangements;
Acting as a fiscal agent of the Fiji Government and registrar for debt instruments issued by the Fiji Government. This function has also been extended to a number of statutory corporations;
Providing banking services to Government and commercial banks; and
Administering exchange controls to monitor and regulate capital flows through the banking system.
Financial Institutions
The Financial Institutions department's major objective is to maintain a sound market-based financial system through prudential supervision of licensed financial institutions and the insurance industry. Key areas of duties include:
Regularly reviewing international developments in the area of financial system supervision and payment system structure and their impact on the supervisory arrangements in Fiji;
Supervising licensed financial institutions and maintaining confidence by minimising detriments to the interests of depositors and policyholders;
Processing applications for those wishing to become licensed banks, credit institutions, insurers, brokers and agents; and
Ensuring that prudential policies and guidelines are up to date and that licensed institutions conform to these standard requirements.
Currency and Corporate Services
The Currency and Corporate Services department has primary responsibility for currency issue and internal administration of the Bank, including financial reporting and human resources management. Its key areas of work include:
Ensuring availability and supply of good quality currency;
Ensuring that the Bank has a qualified and trained workforce to meet the output requirements;
Providing support services to other departments in the Bank; and
Ensuring that the financial accounts of the Bank are prepared in a timely manner.
Other activities
The Bank is also active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. It is also one of the original 17 regulatory institutions to make specific national commitments to financial inclusion under the Maya Declaration during the 2011 Global Policy Forum held in Mexico.
Governors
General Managers of the Central Monetary Authority of Fiji 1973-1983
1973-1974: Ian Craik
1974-1977: R J A Earland
1977-1980: H J Tomkins
1980-1983: Savenaca Siwatibau
Governors of the Reserve Bank of Fiji since 1983
1983-1988: Savenaca Siwatibau
1988-2000: Ratu Jone Kubuabola
2000-2009: Savenaca Narube
2009-2010: Sada Reddy
2010-2017: Barry Whiteside
2017-: Faizul Ariff Ali
Reserve Bank of Fiji building
The Reserve Bank of Fiji Building is in Suva, Fiji and was Fiji's first skyscraper and the tallest building in Fiji. The fourteen storey building was commissioned in the late 1970s and completed in 1984.
References
External links
Reserve Bank of Fiji official site
Reserve bank building data sheet
Architect's page on reserve bank
Government buildings completed in 1984
Fiji
Reserve Bank building
Skyscraper office buildings
Buildings and structures in Suva
1984 establishments in Fiji |
4034243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20Camondo | École Camondo | The École Camondo is a five-year private school of product design and interior architecture located in Paris, France, which was created in 1944 and was recognized by the French Ministry of Education in 1989. It is named after the Camondo family, a European family of Jewish financiers and philanthropists.
School Profile
École Camondo, located in Paris, France, is a well-known private higher education institution, established in October 1944. It is the top interior architecture design school in France and is considered by professionals as the best interior design school. One of the Schools of Architecture and Product Design. The school has trained famous designers such as philippe starck[1], Pierre Paulin[2]...
Teaching Construction
The Camondo School of Design belongs to the French decoration organization MAD (Musée Arts décoratifs), which is composed of the French Decoration Museum, the Camon Donisi Museum, the Carrousel Studio, and the Camondo School of Design. It is one of the few in Europe that is supported by a museum. School. The duration of schooling is five years, and the postgraduate graduation is the RNCP Level I Diploma. The school offers a unique curriculum that builds on a specific education in interior architecture and design, developing students' creativity and individuality with artistic methods, sociology, anthropology, semiotics...
Academic Research
For nearly 70 years, the Camondo School has been training designers who envision interior and exterior living environments, individual and collective functions and desired uses and experiences of spaces. This is leading in the field of national and international higher education as it provides students with the critical flexibility to train to adapt to changing careers due to the intersection of interior architecture and design.[3]
Camondo School provides education and training relevant to professional fields and contemporary society. Partners engage in intensive dialogue between professionals and students. In the realm of pragmatic and creative experimentation, they pose practical problems and provide companies with rational and innovative solutions through the practice of project study groups, high-intensity studios and cross-curriculum.
Since 1988, the academy has been located at 266 Avenue Raspail in Paris, built by architect Cuno Brullmann, opposite the Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art.
Research Area
École Boulle École Boulle is one of the top arts and crafts schools in France and Europe and one of the largest design arts schools in Europe. Named after André-Charles Boulle, a famous furniture maker in the 17th century, the famous Boulle Advanced Decorative Arts Academy in France is a school famous for furniture design education. It was founded in 1886 and is located in the 12th district of Paris. This school gives me the feeling that the scale is large in design schools, and the majors include applied art, product design, furniture making, jewelry design and space design. Due to historical reasons, this school attaches great importance to craftsmanship, and there are many workshops like factories inside the school. The most interesting part of the open day is to see the various equipment in their workshop. They will show how different tools are used, and at the same time, they will display industrial products and artworks produced and processed by different processes.
The diploma offered by the school is DNMADE - Diplôme National des Métiers d’Art et du Design, which roughly translates to the National Diploma of Arts and Crafts and Design.[4] The professional direction is divided into two categories: Métiers d’Art and Design. The only three-year undergraduate training in the craft direction is the first year of basic knowledge, the second year of in-depth study, and the third year of professional development. It is subdivided into six majors: Craft in Heritage Conservation, Craft Materials Science and Innovation, Craft and Decoration, Craft and Space, Craft and Activity, and Craft and Social Innovation. Students of each major must choose one of the thirteen workshops to do the project from start to finish, and the assessment method is mainly based on project assessment. Optional workshops include jewelry art, metal carving, decorative finishing, joinery, model carving, decorative carving, model making, wood carving, tapestry and more. The Design track offers both undergraduate and postgraduate study. Three years for undergraduate and two years for postgraduate. The direction is subdivided into space design, product design and festival place design.
Advantage Professional
An entrance exam is required for undergraduate applications, and a school interview is required for graduate applications. Entrance needs to provide French scores, and the class is also a pure French environment. All in all, this is a craftsman school that values the combination of craftsmanship and design. If you are interested in the various production processes of the French tradition, this will be the best choice! École Camondo École Camondo, the main campus is located in the 14th district of Paris. It was established in October 1944. The school is surrounded by Haussmann-style buildings, next to the private school of architecture called École Spécialed'architecture, opposite the Cartier designed by Jean Nouvel The Foundation, officially introduced as the top interior architecture design school in France, is regarded by professionals as one of the best interior design and architecture schools. Since 2019, the Toulon campus has been newly opened. On the coast of the famous French Riviera, it can be accompanied by the Atlantic Ocean day and night. Well-known alumni include designer Philippe Starck, Pierre Paulin…
It is particularly worth mentioning that the Camondo Design Academy belongs to the French decoration group MAD (Musée Arts décoratifs), which also owns the French Decoration Museum, the Camon Donisi Museum, the carrousel studio and other institutions. It is one of the few museums in Europe to receive support from the museum 's school. Students will get a pass from MAD and can freely enter and exit other institutions of the group. In addition to a lot of furniture collections, the Camondonisi Museum will also provide students with some elective courses related to it. [3]
The frequency of school lectures and open classes is very high. At the beginning of the semester, there will be a two-day special lecture day. Experts, designers and artists in different fields are invited to share, which ensures enough and good knowledge intake. The school attaches great importance to the cultivation of art and creativity.[5] There are courses close to pure art in both compulsory and elective courses to fully stimulate the imagination. We attach great importance to the integrity of design. In addition to the design of the space itself, the biggest project of each semester has teachers to guide the layout, font design, printing and exhibition design. Every part of a project will be designed, and during the semester, there will be a visit to the printing factory to see directly how the paper processed by different processes is processed. When the exhibition is set up, students will carry various toolboxes and materials for on-site work, and use tools to build booths and prepare brochures just like preparing works of art.
Notable former students
Pierre Paulin, designer
Patrick Bouchain, architect
Jean-Michel Wilmotte, architect, urban designer
Patrick Rubin, architect
Jacques Grange, interior designer
Philippe Starck, designer
Tran Nu Yen Khe, Vietnamese-born French actress
Robert Couturier, interior architect
Reference
[1] https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B
[2] https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0
[3] https://www.ecolecamondo.fr/en/formation/programmes-pedagogiques/
[4] https://www.ecolecamondo.fr/en/vie-etudiante/les-echanges-academiques/
[5] https://www.ecolecamondo.fr/en/
[6] https://www.ecolecamondo.fr/en/vie-etudiante/echanges-internationaux/
External links
Official web Site
Education in Paris
Architecture schools in France |
4034244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksana | Aksana | Aksana may refer to:
Aksana (given name), a female given name
Aksana (wrestler) (Živilė Raudonienė, born 1982), Lithuanian professional wrestler
Hemaris aksana, a moth of the family Sphingidae.
Kawésqar language, also known as Aksana |
4034247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonauta%20nodosa | Argonauta nodosa | Argonauta nodosus [previously known as Argonauta nodosa], also known as the knobby or knobbed argonaut, is a species of pelagic octopus. The female of the species, like all argonauts, creates a paper-thin eggcase that coils around the octopus much like the way a nautilus lives in its shell (hence the name paper nautilus). The shell is usually approximately 150 mm in length, although it can exceed 250 mm in exceptional specimens; the world record size is 292.0 mm. A. nodosus produces a very characteristic shell, which is covered in many small nodules on the ridges across the shell, hence the specific epithet nodosus and common name. These nodules are less obvious or even absent in juvenile females, especially those under 5 cm in length. All other argonaut species have smooth ridges across the shell walls.
A. nodosus has a relatively wide distribution covering the Indo-Pacific region as well as the eastern coast of South America. The species is most common in southern Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. It is only known from the Southern Hemisphere.
A. nodosus is thought to feed primarily on pelagic molluscs. Captive females have been observed readily taking dead prawns and fish. The species is preyed on by numerous predators. It has been reported in the stomach contents of Alepisaurus ferox from the south-western Pacific. A. nodosus has also been found in the stomach contents of Australian fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, in the Bass Strait and southern Tasmania.
Females grow to 100 mm ML and 300 mm total length, while males do not exceed 40 mm in length. The specialised webbed arm pair of this species is covered in numerous chromatophores. Mark Norman notes that "the colour of these webs can quickly change from maroon red to reflective silver".
It has been reported that the egg clusters of A. nodosus from southern Australia can be clearly divided into three portions, each with eggs at a similar developmental stage. Similar development has been observed in the egg masses of Argonauta bottgeri.
A. nodosus is occasionally involved in mass strandings along the South African and southern Australian coastlines. The strandings are seasonal and generally occur between April and August, towards the end of the animals' spawning season.
The type specimen of A. nodosus was collected off the Cape of Good Hope. The type repository is unknown.
References
External links
Tree of Life web project: Argonauta
nodosus
Molluscs described in 1786
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN |
4034249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulda%20Regehr%20Clark | Hulda Regehr Clark | Hulda Regehr Clark (18 October 1928 in Rosthern, Saskatchewan – 3 September 2009 in Chula Vista, California) was a Canadian naturopath, author, and practitioner of alternative medicine. Clark claimed all human disease was related to parasitic infection, and also claimed to be able to cure all diseases, including cancer and HIV/AIDS, by "zapping" them with electrical devices which she marketed. Clark wrote several books describing her methods and operated clinics in the United States. Following a string of lawsuits and eventual action by the Federal Trade Commission, she relocated to Tijuana, Mexico, where she ran the Century Nutrition clinic.
Clark's claims and devices have been dismissed by authorities, ranging from the United States Federal Trade Commission and Food and Drug Administration to CAM figures such as Andrew Weil, as scientifically unfounded, "bizarre", and potentially fraudulent. Clark died 3 September 2009 from blood and bone cancer.
Background
Clark began her studies in biology at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, where she was awarded Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees. After two years of study at McGill University, she attended the University of Minnesota studying biophysics and cell physiology. She received her doctorate degree in 1958 from the University of Minnesota. Her own biographical sketch states her degree was in physiology, but the Graduate School's Register of Ph.D. Degrees conferred by the University of Minnesota, July 1956-June 1966, states she received a Ph.D. in Zoology in 1958. Her thesis was entitled A Study of the Ion Balance of Crayfish Muscle: evidence for two compartments of cellular potassium.
In 1979, Clark left government-funded research and began private consulting and her own research. From 2002 until her death she operated the Century Nutrition health clinic in Tijuana, Mexico, where her focus was primarily on late-stage cancer patients. Clark and her son Geoff separately owned businesses her patients and others used, including a restaurant, her self-publishing company, and a "self-health" store that sold her inventions. Her son continues to operate the self-health store. She published several books, including The Cure of All Cancers, The Cure for HIV/AIDS and The Cure For All Diseases. According to civil court records, her books generated over $7 million in sales by 2002, although Clark disputed this figure.
She held a naturopathy degree from the non-accredited and defunct Clayton College of Natural Health a school lacking accreditation from any accreditation agency recognized by the United States Department of Education.
Treatment claims
According to Clark, all disease is caused by foreign organisms and pollutants that damage the immune system. She asserted that eliminating these organisms from the body using herbal or electrical means while removing pollutants from the diet would cure all diseases.
In her book The Cure For All Cancers, Clark postulated all cancers and many other diseases are caused by the flatworm Fasciolopsis buski. "The adult [fluke], though, stays tightly stuck to our intestine or liver, causing cancer, or uterus, causing endometriosis, or thymus, causing AIDS, or kidney, causing Hodgkin's disease)." "I have found that cancer, HIV, diabetes, endometriosis, Hodgkin's disease, Alzheimer's disease, lupus, MS and "universal allergy syndrome" are examples of fluke disease." However, this worm does not live in the United States or Europe, but mainly in India, parts of China, Vietnam and other east-Asian countries, and only in rural areas where people are eating unboiled food from water plants, or where pigs live close to humans. According to Clark, depression is caused by hookworms. Epilepsy and seizures are caused by swelling in the brain, attracting calcium and heavy metals, The swelling being caused by parasites of the genus Ascaris as well as by malvin, a natural dye found in strawberries, chicken, and eggs.
Clark claimed she could cure all diseases, whereas, she asserted, conventional treatments for diseases, such as cancer and HIV/AIDS, often only aim to relieve symptoms. She was described in the book Denying AIDS as "perhaps the first quack AIDS curer." David Amrein's website contains a disclaimer stating that her treatments are "not prescribed as treatment for medical or psychological conditions" and "...the treatments outlined herein are not intended to be a replacement or substitute for other forms of conventional medical treatment." Nonetheless, Clark advocated for the use of her methods as a substitute for standard medical care:
Regarding the effectiveness of her treatment, Clark wrote, "The method is 100% effective in stopping cancer regardless of the type of cancer or how terminal it may be. It follows that this method must work for you, too, if you are able to carry out the instructions."
Major themes in her books
Diet Cleanup: Clark said that most foods and supplements were sullied by contaminants such as heavy metals and mycotoxins
Homeography: According to Clark, a "new science ... which is the electronic analog of homeopathy." She said an electronic signature of a substance can be transferred into bottles making a "bottle copy" of the original substance and that it can be done indefinitely.
Liver flush: She advocated the use of a "liver flush". She said it removes gallstones and parasites from the liver and bile ducts. This involves fasting, epsom salt laxatives and a mixture of olive oil and grapefruit juice (the latter being known to interact with many prescription drugs).
Parasites: Clark said people have parasites that cause numerous problems. She described herbal and electronic methods to remove them, such as her Zapper device (see below).
Syncrometer: A "bioresonance" device developed by Clark and claimed to detect contaminants in substances at an accuracy of one part per quadrillion (ppq).
Zapper: A device to pulse low voltage direct current (DC) through the body at specific frequencies. Clark said this device kills viruses, bacteria and parasites. In one case, a patient with a cardiac pacemaker suffered arrhythmias as a side effect of her "Zapper".
Sting operation, flight, arrest, and legal issues
Indiana
In 1993, while Clark lived and practiced in Indiana, a former patient complained to the Indiana attorney general. An investigator for the Indiana Department of Health and a deputy attorney general visited her office incognito as part of a sting operation. Clark proceeded to test the investigator and "told him he had the HIV virus , but said that he did not have cancer." She told the investigator that she could cure his HIV in three minutes, but that he would "get it back" unless he committed to returning for six more appointments. She then ordered blood tests from a laboratory.
Unknown to the investigators, Clark learned of the undercover investigators' status. She then stated everything she had told them had been a "mistake". Two days later, before an arrest warrant could be served, she had vacated the premises and disappeared.
Six years later, in September 1999, Clark was located and arrested in San Diego, California, based on a fugitive warrant from Indiana. According to Clark, this was the first time she learned about the charge. Her lawyer protested the long delay before her arrest, but a prosecutor implied that she fled Indiana "when she learned that she was being investigated by the state," and the local police department had limited resources to devote to finding her. She was returned to Indiana to stand trial, where she was charged with practicing medicine without a license. The charge was later dismissed for failure to provide her with a speedy trial. The judge's verdict did not address the merits of the charges but only the issue of whether the delay had compromised Clark's ability to mount a defense and her right to a speedy trial.
Mexico
In February 2001, Mexican authorities inspected Clark's Century Nutrition clinic and ordered it shut down, as the clinic had never registered and was operating without a license. In June 2001, the Mexican authorities announced that the clinic would be permitted to reopen, but was prohibited from offering "alternative" treatments. The clinic was also fined 160,000 pesos (about $18,000), and Clark was barred from working in Mexico, even as a consultant; however, the San Diego Union-Tribune reported in 2003 that there was evidence that Clark continued to work at the clinic.
Federal Trade Commission and Food and Drug Administration action
The Federal Trade Commission brought a complaint against the Dr. Clark Research Foundation because of the foundation's claims about the effectiveness of the Syncrometer, the Super-Zapper Deluxe and "Dr. Clark's New 21 Day Program for Advanced Cancers." In November 2004, the case reached stipulated judgment, wherein the case's judge ordered the foundation's operators to offer refunds to the purchasers of these devices and to refrain from making a number of claims about those devices. The Director of Enforcement at the Food and Drug Administration has stated Clark's devices seem to be "fraudulent."
Evaluation of claims and criticism
Hulda Clark has been criticized because her claims lack scientific validity and consist of anecdotal evidence. Joseph Pizzorno, a prominent naturopathic physician, evaluated Clark's claims and found that her books mixed patients with conventionally diagnosed cancer with those whose cancer diagnosis was based solely on her use of the "Syncrometer". The patients with medically diagnosed cancer did not respond to Clark's treatment, while those she had diagnosed using the "Syncrometer" were "cured". Pizzorno concluded that Clark's treatments were ineffective and treatments based on Clark's recommendations "pose a substantive public health danger".
The Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods in Cancer (SCAC) issued a strong warning to cancer patients considering Clark's methods:
Prominent alternative medicine proponent Andrew Weil has written, "No studies have backed up [Clark's] bizarre claims, and it’s unclear whether the cancer patients she’s supposedly cured ever had cancer to begin with."
In 2002, the San Diego Union-Tribune reported Clark and her son Geoff operated a restaurant and leased housing for patients at Clark's Tijuana clinic. The article described a couple whose daughter, suffering from spinal muscular atrophy, was treated for 10 months by Clark at a cost of approximately $30,000 without improvement. Despite the cost and lack of improvement, the couple stated Clark insisted she was close to curing the child, and stopping treatment might endanger her. The patient's mother commented, "People don’t understand why we stayed so long, but Hulda Clark did a very good job of preying on us," and Clark, while stating she could not respond to the parents' allegations on grounds of patient confidentiality, denied their statements in general.
Death
Clark died on 3 September 2009 in Chula Vista, California, of multiple myeloma (a blood and bone cancer). In memoriam, Oskar Thorvaldsson of the Self Health Resource Center, recalled that he first learned that she had been diagnosed by a doctor to have died from arthritis and spinal cord injury. A month later, on 6 October, her family published a summary of the cause of death being multiple myeloma, a blood and bone cancer as "the most likely cause".
Works
The Three Owls Reading Method (1965–67)
The Cure for All Cancers (1993)
The Cure For HIV / AIDS (1993)
The Cure for All Diseases (1995)
The Cure For All Advanced Cancers (1999)
Syncrometer Science Laboratory Manual (2000)
The Prevention of all Cancers (2004)
The Cure and Prevention of All Cancers (2007)
See also
Radionics
List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments
References
External links
Federal Trade Commission Action Against Dr. Clark Research Association
State of Indiana v. Hulda Clark, Probable Cause Affidavit. Filed 16 August 1993.
The Bizarre Claims of Hulda Clark at Quackwatch, which has been involved in litigation with Clark
1928 births
2009 deaths
Alternative cancer treatment advocates
HIV/AIDS denialists
Naturopaths
University of Saskatchewan alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
Deaths from multiple myeloma
People from Rosthern, Saskatchewan
Pseudoscientific diet advocates
Radionic practitioners
Alternative detoxification promoters
Health fraud
Medical controversies in Canada |
4034273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicryl | Vicryl | Vicryl (polyglactin 910) is an absorbable, synthetic, usually braided suture, manufactured by Ethicon Inc., a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson. A monofilament version is also made for use in ophthalmic practice. It is indicated for soft tissue approximation and ligation. The suture holds its tensile strength for approximately two to three weeks in tissue and is completely absorbed by acid hydrolysis within 56 to 70 days. Vicryl and other polyglycolic-acid sutures may also be treated for more rapid breakdown ("Vicryl Rapide") in rapidly healing tissues such as mucous membrane or impregnated with triclosan ("Vicryl Plus Antibacterial") to provide antimicrobial protection of the suture line. Because Vicryl is slow-absorbing and often braided, its use is contraindicated in the closure of any cutaneous wound exposed to the air, as it draws moisture from the healing tissue to the skin and allows bacteria and irritants to migrate into the wound. This may lead to high reactivity to the contaminants, poor wound healing, and eventually infection.
Although the name "Vicryl" is a trademark of Ethicon, the term "vicryl" has been used generically referring to any synthetic absorbable suture made primarily of polyglycolic acid. Other brands of polyglycolic acid suture include PolySyn, Surgicryl, Polysorb, and Dexon, all of which are manufactured by different companies. Vicryl is a copolymer of lactide (a cyclic diester of lactic acid) and glycolide (a cyclic diester of glycolic acid). In practice, Vicryl comes braided, dyed or undyed with the following decay schedule: 75% at two weeks, 50% at three weeks, and 25% at four weeks (i.e., the sutures retain that proportion of tensile strength at those dates).
References
Surgical suture material |
4034281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuen%20Wan%20Public%20Ho%20Chuen%20Yiu%20Memorial%20College | Tsuen Wan Public Ho Chuen Yiu Memorial College | Tsuen Wan Public Ho Chuen Yiu Memorial College (TWPHCYMC; ) is an English-as-a-medium-of-instruction (EMI) secondary school located at Shek Wai Kok Estate, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong.
History
The school is named after Ho Chuen-yiu, a Tsuen Wan businessman and community leader. He founded the Tsuen Wan Rural Committee and served two terms as the chairman of the Heung Yee Kuk.
The school was founded in 1977 and moved to its current campus in 1978.
Following the handover of Hong Kong in 1997, the Hong Kong government announced that the default medium of instruction would be Chinese, requiring approval from the Education Department for continued use of English. Many EMI schools were thereafter forced to become Chinese-as-a-medium-of-instruction (CMI) schools. TWPHCYMC was one of the schools permitted to continue teaching in English.
Tsang Chi-kin (曾志健), a TWPHCYMC form five student, was shot in the chest by the police during the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. The shooting took place in Tsuen Wan during territory-wide unrest on 1 October 2019, China's National Day. Students of TWPHCYMC and other schools protested the following day in support of the student, who survived, and alleged police brutality. Tsang was charged with rioting and assaulting the police. In December 2020 it was reported that Tsang and his girlfriend had escaped Hong Kong and gone into exile.
Following the shooting, the school stated that Tsang would not be expelled. This prompted criticism from Chinese sources, such as the Xinhua News Agency, a mouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party, which published an editorial attacking the school and Hong Kong educators in general.
School facilities
The school has a computer-assisted learning centre, computerised music room, computerised art room, computer room, student union room, student activity centre, etc. All classrooms are equipped with computers and projectors. All rooms are air-conditioned.
Extra-curricular activities
There are four houses: Integrity, Elegance, Loyalty and Benevolence. More than 10 clubs and societies of academic, service, sports or other interests are also organized.
Healthy school policy
Objectives:
1. To develop a healthy school culture
2. To encourage a healthy lifestyle among students
See also
Education in Hong Kong
List of schools in Hong Kong
References
External links
Educational institutions established in 1977
Secondary schools in Hong Kong
Shek Wai Kok
1977 establishments in Hong Kong |
4034297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolene | Prolene | Prolene is a synthetic, monofilament, nonabsorbable polypropylene suture. It is indicated for skin closure and general soft tissue approximation and ligation. Its advantages include minimal tissue reactivity and durability. Disadvantages include fragility, high plasticity, high expense, and difficulty of use compared to standard nylon sutures.
Composed of an isotactic crystalline stereoisomer of polypropylene, Prolene sutures are intended to be durable and long lasting. They are dyed blue, allowing for easy visibility against skin and when operating. It is composed of a single filament.
A polypropylene mesh is also marketed under the name Prolene by Ethicon. It is used for repairing hernias and other injuries to the fascia.
Prolene commonly is used in both human and veterinary medicine for skin closure. In human medicine it is used in cardiovascular, ophthalmic and neurological procedures. It is often used in conjunction with the absorbable suture Monocryl. Prolene is manufactured by Ethicon Inc., a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. The name Prolene is a trademark of Ethicon Inc. and is produced in Cornelia, Georgia, USA.
Prolene has also become the mainstay of vascular anastomoses and had facilitated significant advances in cardiac and vascular surgery. It is used on both small vessels such as coronary artery bypasses and large vessels including the aorta. It is used in obstetrical practice, during cesarean sections to suture the rectus sheath of the abdominal wall because it is non-absorbable in nature and provides the sheath the due strength it deserves (rectus sheath is composed of various tendon extensions and muscle fibres and maintains the strength of the abdominal wall; if it becomes weak the abdominal contents start herniating out) it stays there forever and is also often seen during repeat cesarean section as that of the previous section.
Use in paintbrushes
Prolene is also used in the manufacture of artist's watercolour paint brushes. When carefully blended with the traditional material Siberian weasel hair, it produces a brush of comparable quality at a more economical price. See kolinsky sable-hair brush.
See also
Monocryl
External links
Ethicon Product Catalog
Information on Polypropylene Sutures
Information on other Non-Absorbable Sutures
Surgical suture material |
4034299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Australian%20Army%20Educational%20Corps | Royal Australian Army Educational Corps | The Royal Australian Army Educational Corps (RAAEC) is a specialist corps within the Australian Army. Formed in 1949, the corps had its genesis in other services that existed within the Australian forces during World War I and World War II. It is currently made up entirely of commissioned officers and is responsible for the provision of education-related services within the Army. Its various roles include instruction, designing computer-based learning materials, instructional systems, language training, literacy, and numeracy.
History
The RAAEC was established in September 1949 as the Australian Army Educational Corps and was granted Royal assent in 1960. Consisting of the Crown and a boomerang upon which the corps' initials are inscribed superimposed over a "fluted flambeau of flames", the current RAAEC corps badge was adopted in 1964. It is the only corps badge in the Australian Army where the crown does not appear at the top and is based on the badge devised for the Royal Army Educational Corps by King George VI in 1949.
The corps grew out of the Australian Army Education Service (AAES), which was established on 29 October 1943 during World War II, under the command of Colonel Robert Madgwick. Through the AAES, the corps draws its lineage from the Australian Army Education Scheme, which was established under Madgwick on 5 March 1941. That scheme itself was based loosely upon a vocational education scheme that had been established during World War I within the Australian Imperial Force in 1918 under George Merrick Long, as part of the demobilisation and repatriation process.
Throughout its history, the corps has deployed members to support Australian forces deployed on operations. Initially, they deployed to Japan as part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force, where they provided education support for service personnel and their children. Later, members of the corps were sent to Korea during the Korean War, where they were attached at battalion level to provide soldiers with training in the field. During the Vietnam War, RAAEC personnel were deployed to support the 1st Australian Task Force at Nui Dat.
Throughout its history, the corps has also provided short and long-term courses to enlisted soldiers. Short-term courses have been developed internally by education staff, while some long-term courses were accredited with external authorities. In Australia during the 1960s and 1970s, many education courses were provided to soldiers as aq requirement for promotion to a higher rank. At the same time, In the (former) Territory of Papua New Guinea, Australian National Servicemen in the education corps provided courses in literacy, numeracy, and citizenship to non-commissioned ranks at various army barracks.
Current role and structure
The RAAEC is responsible for many educational areas of military training, including the development and implementation of technology and communications training at the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy, managing and conducting long-distance education, teaching English to foreign students, analysing education proposals, developing training, and delivering literacy and numeracy and "train the trainer" programs to non-commissioned officers (NCOs) on promotion courses.
Currently, the corps is made up entirely of commissioned officers in the specialist service officer/professionally qualified stream, although in the past the RAAEC has had some NCOs allocated to it. The majority of the corps' personnel are civil qualified teachers; however, additional information technology specialists have been laterally recruited to manage the computer-based learning packages within the Army Learning Production Centre.
Members of the RAAEC are posted to a number of locations including:
Headquarters Forces Command – Army: Sydney;
Army Learning Production Centre (ALPC): Sydney, Brisbane, Albury/Wodonga;
Defence International Training Centre (DITC): Laverton, Victoria;
Various major training establishments in Victoria, New South Wales, Canberra and Queensland;
Individual training centres, located in every state;
Some overseas locations, including positions as language advisors.
The current Colonel-in-Chief of the RAAEC is The Duchess of Gloucester. The current Head of the Corps is Colonel Anita Rynne.
Notes
References
Order of precedence
Educational
Australian army units with royal patronage
1949 establishments in Australia
Military education and training in Australia
Military units and formations established in 1949 |
4034310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong%20Se-hyun | Jeong Se-hyun | Jeong Se-hyun (Korean: 정세현; Hanja: 丁世鉉; born 7 May 1945) is a South Korean politician served as an Unification Minister under two consecutive presidents from 2002 to 2004.
He spent more than two decades at the Ministry of Unification which he first joined as a researcher on communist countries at then-Board of National Unification in 1977. In 2002 he was appointed as the head of the Ministry and assumed the post until June 2004 serving two consecutive Presidents, Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun. He was also credited with boosting inter-Korean cooperative projects including Kaesong Industrial Region, a landmark site of Inter-Korean cooperation.
In 2019 Jeong was appointed the Executive Vice-Chair of National Unification Advisory Council led by the President Moon Jae-in, the third president Jeong serves and third liberal president of the country. He was credited with helping to create the predecessor of the Council, Presidential Advisory Council on Peaceful Unification Policy, back in 1981.
He also worked at Korean think tanks - now-Sejong Institute and Korea Institute for National Unification - as their ranking member. In addition, he was the visiting scholar to Kyung Hee University and Myongji University as well as the Endowed-Chair Professor of Ewha Womans University and Kyungnam University.
Moreover, he previously served as the 11th President of Wonkwang University and the 6th President of Korean Council for Reconciliation and Cooperation, one of South Korean NGOs that most actively engage with North Korea. He currently chairs Korea Peace Forum.
He holds three degrees from Seoul National University: bachelor in political science and diplomacy and master and doctorate in international relations. He focused his postgraduate studies on Chinese studies earning master for analysing Han Fei, a Chinese philosopher, and doctorate for Mao Zedong's foreign policy.
Honours
Order of Service Merit by the government of South Korea (2002)
References
Seoul National University alumni
1945 births
Living people
Government ministers of South Korea
Aphae Jeong clan
Experts on North Korea
People from Imsil County
Kyung Hee University faculty
Myongji University faculty
Ewha Womans University faculty
Kyunggi High School alumni |
4034315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire%20on%20Titus | Vampire on Titus | Vampire on Titus is the sixth album by American indie rock group Guided by Voices.
The image on the cover is a Vegetable Lamb of Tartary from The Travels of Sir John Mandeville by John Mandeville, 1499.
Background
Vampire on Titus was recorded after a short-lived dissolution of the band (after 1992's "farewell" album Propeller) but prior to the full-time regrouping that occurred with the assemblage of the Bee Thousand album and the band's return to live performance. The album was recorded with a skeletal line-up consisting of Robert Pollard, Jim Pollard and Tobin Sprout. Jim Shepard of V-3 remarked to Pollard once that he “was like a vampire on Titus, sucking songs out of the earth.” Pollard lived on Titus Ave. in Dayton, Ohio. The album is often acknowledged as being the most abrasively lo-fi in the entire Guided by Voices catalog.
Track listing
All songs written by Robert Pollard unless otherwise noted.
Side A
""Wished I Was a Giant"" – 2:43
"#2 in the Model Home Series" (R. Pollard, Tobin Sprout) – 1:45
"Expecting Brainchild" (Jim Pollard, R. Pollard) – 2:30
"Superior Sector Janitor X" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:37
"Donkey School" (Sprout) – 1:03
"Dusted" – 2:08
"Marchers in Orange" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard) – 1:24
"Sot" (Sprout, R. Pollard) – 2:35
"World of Fun" – 0:55
Side B
"Jar of Cardinals" – 1:22
"Unstable Journey" – 2:15
"E-5" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 1:29
"Cool Off Kid Kilowatt" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:56
"Gleemer (The Deeds of Fertile Jim)" (Sprout) – 2:24
"Wondering Boy Poet" (R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:59
"What About It?" – 1:37
"Perhaps Now the Vultures" – 2:23
"Non-Absorbing" – 1:37
Personnel
Guided by Voices
Robert Pollard - Vocals, guitar, drums
Jim Pollard - Guitar
Tobin Sprout - Vocals, guitar, bass
References
1993 albums
Guided by Voices albums
Scat Records albums |
4034318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmington%20%28Louisville%2C%20Kentucky%29 | Farmington (Louisville, Kentucky) | Farmington, an historic site in Louisville, Kentucky, was once the center of a hemp plantation owned by John and Lucy Speed. The 14-room, Federal-style brick plantation house was possibly based on a design by Thomas Jefferson and has several Jeffersonian architectural features. As many as 64 African Americans were enslaved by the Speed family at Farmington.
History
The Farmington site was part of a military land grant given to Captain James Speed in 1780. His son, John Speed, completed Farmington on a tract of land in 1816. Built in the Federal architectural style, the house is based on plans by Thomas Jefferson, which are now in the Coolidge Collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society.
Speed built the house for his wife, Lucy Gilmer Fry, daughter of Joshua Fry and granddaughter of Dr. Thomas Walker, the guardian of Thomas Jefferson. Her aunt and uncle's home in Charlottesville, Virginia was called Farmington and had an addition designed by Thomas Jefferson.
Their son, Joshua Fry Speed, was an intimate, lifelong friend of Abraham Lincoln. While courting Mary Todd, Lincoln spent three weeks at Farmington in 1841 while recovering from mental and physical exhaustion. It was during this visit to Farmington in 1841 that Abraham Lincoln witnessed slavery on a plantation first-hand and he saw enslaved people chained together after he boarded a steamboat at the Louisville waterfront. In an 1855 letter to Joshua Speed, Lincoln wrote that the scene had continued to torment him.
John and Lucy's son, James Speed, was appointed Attorney General of the United States by Lincoln in 1863.
Design
Farmington consists of a single story above a raised basement. The building is roughly a square shape, measuring wide by long. There are 14 rooms of living quarters on the first floor, with servant's and children's rooms on the basement floor. The first story is about five feet above ground level, with the basement windows completely above ground. All rooms in the basement are finished.
A simplified classical cornice under the hipped roof helps give the house its pleasing, proportional appearance. The front entrance is a tetrastyle portico (porch) with slender Doric columns, reached by 11 steps. The porch's gable features a semi-circular ventilation window.
The front door opens into a central hall which has a door at the back leading to a rear hall. These two halls give access to all rooms on the first floor, as well as stairs to the basement and attic. The stairs are hidden, which is a common feature of homes designed by Jefferson.
A notable feature of the first floor are two wide octagonal rooms, another distinctive feature of Jeffersonian architecture. One of the octagonal rooms is a dining hall, the other is a parlor. Other rooms on the first floor are two bedrooms, a study and a family sitting room.
Preservation
Farmington has been restored as a tourist attraction and a re-creation of a 19th-century plantation. The house itself had been altered little at the time it was purchased by the Historic Homes Foundation for preservation in 1958. The only substantial change in its interior or exterior appearance since construction was the installation of a tin roof in place of the original wood shingles, which was done for fire safety reasons.
As of 2011, Farmington and a small visitors center are open to the public for tours and the site is available for special events and rentals.
In 2012, Farmington's owner, Historic Homes Foundation, Inc., entered into an agreement to sell 5 of the landmark's 18 acres to an adjoining landowner, Sullivan University, for use as a 300-space parking lot to be shared by both entities. Controversial questions about the proposal were raised in online media leading up to its consideration in the February 3, 2013 meeting of the Metro Louisville Landmarks Commission's Individual Landmarks Architectural Review Committee.
See also
Historic Locust Grove
History of Louisville, Kentucky
History of slavery in Kentucky
List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
Louisville in the American Civil War
Riverside, The Farnsley-Moremen Landing
References
Further reading
External links
Farmington official web site
"Joshua and James Speed" — Article by Civil War historian/author Bryan S. Bush
Google Satellite Map
Houses completed in 1816
19th-century buildings and structures in Louisville, Kentucky
Houses in Louisville, Kentucky
Museums in Louisville, Kentucky
Tourist attractions in Louisville, Kentucky
Local landmarks in Louisville, Kentucky
National Register of Historic Places in Louisville, Kentucky
Historic house museums in Kentucky
Plantation houses in Kentucky
Plantations in Kentucky
Federal architecture in Massachusetts
1816 establishments in Kentucky |
4034320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting%205-4-3-2-1 | Counting 5-4-3-2-1 | "Counting 5-4-3-2-1" is a song by American post-hardcore band Thursday, the first single from their fourth album, A City by the Light Divided. "Counting 1-2-3-4-5" was released to radio on April 11, 2006.
The song was originally written during the Full Collapse-era, but was re-arranged in a new key and was deemed suitable to be recorded.
Keyboardist Andrew Everding commented on the song's meaning and corresponding music video: "[Counting 5-4-3-2-1] specifically comes from not being happy in the town that you grew up in and wanting to get out as quickly as possible. When we do videos, we send out a call and receive treatments and that one was one of the first ones that we got from Artificial Army. We were originally going to do two videos…a low-budget animated video and then we were going to do another video to connect it, but then we started seeing what the animation was about. We usually go back and forth with ideas. But for the most part, we trust the director. It was our first storyline video but there are some performance elements to it."
Personnel
Geoff Rickly - vocals
Tom Keeley - lead guitar, vocals
Steve Pedulla - rhythm guitar, vocals
Tim Payne - bass guitar
Tucker Rule - drums
Andrew Everding - keyboards, synthesizers
References
2006 singles
Thursday (band) songs
2006 songs
Island Records singles |
4034321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%20Karere | Te Karere | Te Karere is a news and current affairs show that was New Zealand's first Māori language television programme. Te Karere is broadcast on Television New Zealand's TVNZ 1 at 3:55 pm on weekdays and repeated 1:05 am and 5:35 am the following day. The focus of the programme is content which is of national significance to the targeted Māori audience.
The programme is funded in its entirety by Te Māngai Pāho.
The award-winning Māori broadcaster Tini Molyneux began her broadcasting career on Te Karere in the 1980s.
Reporters
Harata Brown (Reporter, Northland)
Victor Waters (Reporter, Sports)
Moana Makapelu Lee (Reporter, Rotorua - Bay of Plenty)
Rapaera Tawhai (Reporter, Tauranga - Bay of Plenty)
Aroha Treacher (Reporter, Hawke's Bay)
Te Okiwa Mclean (Reporter, Wellington)
Te Rina Kowhai (Reporter, Producer)
Scotty Morrison (News Anchor)
Producers
Roihana Nuri (Executive Producer)
References
External links
Te Karere's TVNZ Website
Te Karere's IMDB Site
Māori culture
Māori language
New Zealand television news shows
1982 New Zealand television series debuts
1980s New Zealand television series
1990s New Zealand television series
2000s New Zealand television series
2010s New Zealand television series
2020s New Zealand television series
TVNZ 1 original programming
Television shows funded by NZ on Air
Māori-language mass media |
4034337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanchang%20CJ-6 | Nanchang CJ-6 | The Nanchang CJ-6 () is a Chinese basic trainer aircraft designed and built by the Nanchang Aircraft Factory (now Hongdu Aviation) for use by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).
Development
The CJ-6 (Chu Jiao 初教 = Chuji Jiaolianji 初级教练机 = basic trainer aircraft) is an all-original Chinese design that is commonly mistaken for a Yak-18A. Its predecessor, the Nanchang CJ-5, was a licence-built version of the Yak-18. However, advancements in pilot training brought a need for a new aircraft with improved performance and a tricycle landing gear. When the Soviet Union developed the Yak-18A, PLAAF engineers decided that its performance and design would not suit China's needs.
The aircraft was designed in 1958 by the Nanchang Aircraft Factory (now Hongdu Aviation). As the Shenyang Aircraft Factory already had experience building the Shenyang JJ-1 begun technical research for the CJ-6, more than 20 Shenyang designers were transferred to Nanchang, including chief designers Tu Jida and Lin Jiahua. Xu Shunshou and Huang Zhiqian, then China's top aircraft designers, were also involved.
During late 1957 Aeronautical Engineers Cheng Bushi and Lin Jiahua began work in Shenyang on a trainer design that addressed the shortcomings of the Yak-18A. The design they delivered featured an aluminum semi-monocoque fuselage, flush-riveted throughout, and introduced a modified Clark airfoil wing design with pronounced dihedral in the outer sections. The dihedral and an angular vertical tail distinguish it externally from the otherwise rather similar Yak-18A. Wind tunnel testing validated the design, and in May 1958 the program was transferred to the Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing factory where Chief Engineer Gao Zhenning initiated production of the CJ-6. The first flight of the CJ-6 was completed on August 27, 1958 by Lu Maofan and He Yinxi.
Power for the prototype was provided by a Czech-built horizontally-opposed piston engine, but flight testing revealed the need for more power, so a locally manufactured version of the Soviet AI-14P 260 hp radial, the Housai HS-6, was substituted along with a matching propeller, and with that change the CJ-6 was approved for mass production. In 1965 the HS-6 engine was upgraded to 285 hp and redesignated the HS-6A, and the aircraft equipped with the new power plant were designated the CJ-6A.
A total production run estimated at more than 3,000 aircraft supplied CJ-6 aircraft for PLAAF training, as well as for export (as the PT-6) to countries including Albania, Bangladesh, Cambodia, North Korea, Tanzania, and Sri Lanka.
It is expected Hongdu/Yakovlev joint developed CJ-7 Trainer (L-7) primary trainer will replace CJ-6s in PLAAF.
General information
One thing to note is that the Nanchang CJ-6 makes extensive use of pneumatics to control the gear and flap extension/retraction, operate the brakes and start the engine. An engine-driven air pump recharges the system; however if air pressure is too low to start the engine then the onboard air tank can be recharged by an external source. If an external source is not available then the engine can be started by hand swinging the propeller.
Variants
Hongzhuan-502 (Hongzhuan - Red Craftsman)
Initial designation of production CJ-6 aircraft.
CJ-6
Two-seat primary trainer aircraft, powered by a 260-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6 radial piston engine.
CJ-6A
Improved version, powered by a 285-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6A radial piston engine.
CJ-6B
Two-seat armed border patrol aircraft, powered by a 300-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6D radial piston engine. Small number built.
BT-6
Export designation of the CJ-6 and CJ-6A.
PT-6A
Export version of the CJ-6A
Haiyan A (Haiyan - Petrel)
Haiyan Prototype. First flew on August 17, 1985.
Haiyan B
Single-seat agricultural topdressing, aerial spraying, fire-fighting aircraft, fitted with an upgraded 345-hp Huosai HS-6 radial piston engine.
Haiyan C
General aviation variant for agriculture and leisure flight.
Operators
Albanian Air Force
Bangladesh Air Force: ≤ 24 PT-6 in service.
Khmer Air Force
Ecuadorian Army Aviation
People's Liberation Army Air Force
People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force
Korean People's Army Air Force
Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force
Sri Lanka Air Force
Tanzania Air Force Command
Zambian Air Force
Civilian use
Due to its low price and sturdy construction, the CJ-6A is a popular hobby plane. A used CJ-6 in the United States can cost as little as $75,000. The aircraft appears on the civil register of the US, Australia, New Zealand, UK, South Africa and other countries.
In Australia, CJ-6 aircraft are generally operated in the Limited Category. This is administered by the Australian Warbirds Association Limited (AWAL). The AWAL operates under an approval from the Australian government's Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) to manage the operation of ex-military aircraft.
Accidents and incidents
A Sri Lanka Air Force PT-6 aircraft which took off from China Bay, Trincomalee crashed near Kantale, Sri Lanka on 15th December 2020 killing trainee pilot on board.
A privately owned CJ6A was involved in a July 5, 2021 collision with a lawn maintenance machine while attempting a landing ( https://halifax.citynews.ca/national-news/tsb-says-quebec-pilot-in-fatal-collision-with-lawn-tractor-didnt-get-ok-for-landing-5148003) killing the operator of the lawn machine and damaging the aircraft. The pilot was uninjured.
Specifications (CJ-6A)
References
External links
Warbird Alley: CJ-6 page
CJ-6 photos and development review, Chinese language
Warbird Registry: Nanchang CJ-5/CJ-6 Registry
1950s Chinese military trainer aircraft
Nanchang aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958 |
4034361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Museum | Space Museum | Space Museum may refer to:
Hong Kong Space Museum
National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C., United States
Planetarium, a place for exhibiting images of astronomical phenomena
The Space Museum, a serial of the British television program Doctor Who
Space Museum, a DC Comics science-fiction series
Space Museum (album), by Solid Space |
4034368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Navy%20Memorial | United States Navy Memorial | The United States Navy Memorial is a memorial in Washington, D.C. honoring those who have served or are currently serving in the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the Merchant Marine.
It lies on Pennsylvania Avenue NW between 7th Street Northwest and 9th Street Northwest, adjacent to the Archives station of the Washington Metro and the National Archives building. The National Park Service, through its National Mall and Memorial Parks administrative unit, provides technical and maintenance assistance to the foundation. The plaza is part of Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site.
Associated with the memorial is the Naval Heritage Center, which offers spaces available for rent, and is open year-round.
History
In the early days of U.S. independence, architect Pierre L'Enfant envisioned a memorial in the nation's capital "to celebrate the first rise of the Navy and consecrate its progress and achievements."
Pennsylvania Avenue, the boulevard that links the U.S. Capitol and White House, was chosen as the site for a memorial to all of the U.S. sea services.
After President John F. Kennedy—himself a World War II Navy war hero—inspired the redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue, another, Admiral Arleigh Burke, proclaimed in 1977 that "we have talked long enough about a navy memorial and it's time we did something about it."
In the spring of 1977, Burke—a former three-term Chief of Naval Operations—started to recruit a group to form the private, non-profit U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation. The following year, the foundation, led by Rear Admiral William Thompson, USN (Ret.), began work on the enabling legislation, design, site selection, and fund raising that would lead to the construction and subsequent of a memorial.
Congress authorized the memorial in 1980, with the stipulation that funding come solely from private contributions. In March 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed the act into law.
The foundation teamed up with the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation to use Market Square as the site for the memorial. The pair selected William Conklin and James Rossant of New York as architects.
By December 1985, the foundation had raised enough funds to earn a go-ahead from the Secretary of the Interior and construction got underway the following month.
By August 1987, Stanley Bleifeld completed work on The Lone Sailor statue as construction of the memorial neared completion at the site. The memorial was dedicated on October 13, 1987.
From late 1987 to mid-1990, two buildings were constructed on the memorial's northern perimeter. The eastern of the two buildings was selected for the memorial's visitor center. The building's shell was sufficiently completed by September 1989 to allow construction to begin for the interior of the Visitors Center. The visitor center opened in June 1991 and was formally dedicated on October 12, 1991. Some $18-million was raised by opening day of the visitor center, and fund raising continues today, to retire remaining construction debt and support educational programs undertaken by the foundation.
During the summer of 2006, the water in the fountains of the Navy Memorial was colored blue due by chemicals added to fight algae growth. According to a spokesperson for the memorial, the algae has been surprisingly difficult to eliminate, and that they "figured it was better to have blue water than to have an algae-encrusted memorial." The blue water was gone by the end of the summer.
Memorial Plaza features The Lone Sailor, a statue by Stanly Bleifield and tribute to all personnel of the sea services overlooking the Granite Sea, a map depicting the world's oceans, using an azimuthal projection centered on Washington, DC. Surrounding these are two fountains honoring the personnel of the American Navy and the other navies of the world. Its southern hemisphere is surrounded by 26 bronze high reliefs commemorating events, personnel, and communities of the various sea services.
Adjacent to the Memorial Plaza is the United States Navy Memorial Visitor Center, which features the Arleigh & Roberta Burke Theater, several rotating exhibits about the sea services, and several Navy Log kiosks, for easy registration on the Navy Log. The Visitor Center also features daily screenings of the films At Sea and A Day in the Life of the Blue Angels. The Media Resource Center provides a library of printed, audio and video historical documents on the Navy. The Navy Log room has touch-screen kiosks to register and search for Sea Service members and veterans.
From June 2018 through June 2020, the Visitor Center featured two exhibits: The American Sailor: Agile, Capable, and Talented, and Zumwalt: The Current that Brought the Navy to the Shores of the 20th Century. The American Sailor tells the story of the birth of the United States Navy, and explores how individuals have defended the country at sea and provided U.S. military services wherever the seas extend over time. Zumwalt exhibits oral histories, personal keepsakes, family artifacts and first-hand written accounts of Zumwalt’ s life as CNO, leader, father, husband, and true American that propelled the Navy into the 20th century.Memorial quotes
On an outdoor wall at the Navy Memorial are engraved noteworthy sayings from the history of the US Navy, and who said them. Among which are:
"I have not yet begun to fight!" – Captain John Paul Jones – 1779
"Don't give up the ship!" – Captain James Lawrence – 1813
"We have met the enemy and they are ours." – Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry – 1813
"Damn the torpedoes, full steam ahead." – Admiral David Farragut – 1864
"You may fire when you are ready, Gridley." – Commodore George Dewey – 1898
"Speak softly and carry a big stick." – President Theodore Roosevelt – 1907
"Sighted sub, sank same" – Aviation Machinist's Mate 1/c Donald Francis Mason – 1942
"Underway on nuclear power." – Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson – January 17, 1955
"That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind" – Astronaut and Naval Aviator Neil Armstrong – July 20, 1969
"I can imagine no more rewarding a career. And any man who may be asked in this century what he did to make his life worthwhile, I think can respond with a good deal of pride and satisfaction: 'I served in the United States Navy.'" President John F. Kennedy, 1 August 1963, at Bancroft Hall at the US Naval Academy
Other Navy memorials
Navy-Merchant Marine Memorial
Peace Monument (Naval Monument)
John Ericsson National Memorial
John Paul Jones Memorial
National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific
Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial
Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial
Various buildings and memorials on the campus of the U.S. Naval Academy
USS Arizona Memorial (BB-39)
USS Bennington Monument
USS Indianapolis National Memorial
USS Maine memorials
USS South Dakota (BB-57)
USS Utah Memorial (BB-31)
Battleship Missouri Memorial – USS Missouri (BB-63)
Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial – USS New Jersey'' (BB-62)
U.S. submarines designated as memorials
World War II Submarine Torpedo monument
UDT-SEAL Memorial
Seabees Memorial
Various memorials for Lt. Vincent R. Capodanno
Lt. Hans Grauert Memorial Field
Ensign C. Markland Kelly Jr. Award
Lt. Donald McLaughlin Jr. Award
YF-415 Memorial, Hingham, Massachusetts
See also
List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6
United States Marine Corps War Memorial
Michigan Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument
U.S. Navy Museum
American War Memorials
References
External links
United States Navy Memorial official website
National Mall & Memorial Parks
Complete photos of the Navy Memorial. Sites of Memory website
U.S. Navy Memorial. James Rossant website
Monuments and memorials in Washington, D.C.
Mem
Navy Mem
Navy Mem
Navy Mem
Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.
1987 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Buildings and structures completed in 1987
Naval monuments and memorials
Penn Quarter
Fountains in Washington, D.C. |
4034374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace%20Rupert%20Turnbull | Wallace Rupert Turnbull | Wallace Rupert Turnbull (October 16, 1870 – November 24, 1954) was a Canadian engineer and inventor. The Saint John Airport was briefly named after him. He was inducted in Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame in 1977.
Biography
Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, W. Rupert Turnbull graduated in mechanical engineering from Cornell University in 1893 and undertook postgraduate work in physics at the Universities of Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany. In 1902 he built the first wind tunnel in Canada. During the next decade, he continued researching the stability of aircraft and investigated many forms of airfoils. During World War I Turnbull was employed by Frederick and Company aircraft builders in England, where he designed a number of propellers, the most successful being his invention of the variable-pitch propeller which was first tested in 1927. His interests extended into many fields, such as hydroplane torpedo screen bomb sights, and tidal power, but his systematic approach to aeronautical engineering remains his greatest contribution.
See also
Frank W. Caldwell
References
External links
1870 births
1954 deaths
Aviation history of Canada
People from Saint John, New Brunswick
Canadian aviators
Canadian inventors
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) |
4034382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadori%27s%20pheasant | Salvadori's pheasant | Salvadori's pheasant (Lophura inornata) is a landfowl bird of genus Lophura, native to Indonesia. It is found in the mountain rainforests of Sumatra. Thus it is also known as the Sumatran pheasant. The Hoogerwerf's pheasant is usually thought to be a subspecies. This bird was first described in 1879 by the Italian ornithologist Tommaso Salvadori. The species name inornata means "without ornament".
This species is classified as "near threatened" by the IUCN because of the reduction in its population size caused by the destruction of its habitat and hunting.
Description
The male and female Salvadori's pheasant are quite unlike each other in appearance, and in fact the male bird is very similar to the female crestless fireback (Lophura erythrophthalma). The male Salvadori's pheasant is in length and is plain black, with a bluish fringe to the feathers of body and neck. The tail is short and rounded. The beak is whitish-green and the iris orange-red. There is a yellowish-green or grey-green ring of bare skin round the eye, and the rest of the bare facial skin is bright red. The legs are greyish-blue with a strong spur. The female is slightly shorter and has no spur. Her colour is reddish-brown, each feather having fine black speckling and a pale streak by the shaft, giving her a mottled look. The throat is paler brown and the tail is blackish-brown. Juveniles are similar to females but the feathers are edged with pale buff giving a scaled effect.
The principle differences between the male Salvadori's pheasant and the female crestless fireback is that the former is longer, has a pale bill and holds the tail lowered while the latter is more robust, has a black beak and tends to keep the tail cocked. Also, Salvadori's pheasant occurs at higher altitudes in Sumatra than the crestless fireback.
Distribution and habitat
Salvadori's pheasant is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia, where it is found at altitudes between about . There are two subspecies; L. i. inornata being relatively common and known from many locations in the centre and south of the Barisan Mountains, while L. i. hoogerwerfi, Hoogerwerf's pheasant, is restricted to the northern part of the mountains and has been seen infrequently.
Status
L. inornata is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a "near-threatened species". This is because the total population is thought to be trending downwards, it being estimated that there are between five thousand and twenty thousand individuals in total, and the bird's habitat is being degraded by the clearing of its forest home for illegal agricultural activities. Some birds are hunted and a few have appeared on sale in local markets, the vendors admitting that they had been poached from the Gunung Leuser National Park.
References
External links
BirdLife Species Factsheet
gbwf.org – Salvadori's Pheasant (Lophura inornata)
Oriental Bird Images: Salvadori's Pheasant Selected images
Salvadori's pheasant
Birds of Sumatra
Endemic fauna of Sumatra
Salvadori's pheasant |
4034404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapinocephalus | Tapinocephalus | Tapinocephalus ("humble head") is an extinct genus of large herbivorous dinocephalians that lived during the Middle Permian Period. These stocky, barrel-bodied animals were characterised by a massive bony skull roof and short weak snout. It is thought that, like the rest of the members of its family, the animals engaged in head-butting intraspecific behavior, possibly for territory or mates.
The fossil remains (skull and postcranial elements) of Tapinocephalus are known from the Lower, Middle, and Upper part of the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone ( Capitanian age) of the Lower Beaufort Beds of the South African Karoo. Only the type species, T. atherstonei is now considered valid for this genus.
In life, these animals were over in length and massed around , making them among the largest animals of their time.
Classification
Tapinocephalus atherstonei is known from a number of skulls and postcranial bones. The skull is large with a heavily pachyostotic skull roof, a massive bony frontals and a short weak Moschops-like snout. Taurops is a synonym. Phocosaurus megischion is another synonym differing only in that the transition from the frontals to the snout is not abrupt.
See also
List of therapsids
Sources
Boonstra, L.D. 1956, "The skull of Tapinocephalus and its near relatives" Annals of the South African Museum, 43 Part 3 pp. 137–169, 17 figs, plate 4.
----- 1969. The fauna of the Tapinocephalus Zone (Beaufort beds of the Karoo). Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 56:1–73.
King, Gillian M., 1988 "Anomodontia" Part 17 C, Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Gutsav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and New York.
External links
Tapinocephalia - Tapinocephalus - Palaeos
Tapinocephalians
Prehistoric therapsid genera
Guadalupian synapsids of Africa
Fossil taxa described in 1876
Taxa named by Richard Owen |
4034406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Spoilers%20%28band%29 | The Spoilers (band) | The Spoilers were a Southern California punk rock/new wave band formed in 1978.
History
The Spoilers began in Los Angeles, California in 1978. The founding members were Chris Hickey, George Padgett and Dean Stefan. Bill Hickey was also considered a semi-member of the band when he was not attending law school at Berkeley. Their first EP was released in 1978 on White Lunch Records and contained the songs "Has Been" (written by Dean Stefan), "Battling On" (Chris Hickey), "Boys Night Out" (Dean Stefan) and "The Ugly Nancies" (Chris Hickey). Hickey and Stefan were credited with guitar and Padgett with bass.
Under the management of local impresario Stan Bernstein, the band moved from a punk to a new wave band, to fit their image as soft clean-cut suburbanites. Bernstein released a second Spoilers record in 1979, Balloon Water Race, that contained "Focus" (Dean Stefan), "Loose Words" (Chris Hickey), "Mr. X" (Craig Wisda) and "Point Blank" (Bruce Springsteen). A 45 single followed in 1980 on White Lunch Records, of Stefan’s "Greta", backed with Hickey’s "Loose Words". The single was played by Rodney Bingenheimer on the KROQ as well as on Dr Demento's syndicated show.
The band then relocated south to Los Angeles. A five-song mini album was recorded with Paul Wexler, but was not released due to contractual disagreement with Wexler. Instead, the band left to record a 1980 single on Elton John’s record label, The Rocket Record Company. This single featured Stefan’s "Reckless" backed by a new version of "Battling On".
Kessler and Wisda left the band in 1981. Hickey and Stefan then recorded a 12-song album, produced by Steve Verroca, and using studio musicians.
Later solo work
Chris Hickey went on to release six solo albums, co-lead the alt-folk band Show of Hands with future Beach Boy Randell Kirsch, and lead the alternative band Uma. Both bands released CDs on major labels (I.R.S. Records and MCA Universal, respectively). Dean Stefan released a solo album Trial and Error and wrote much of the soundtrack music to the children’s television series, Rainbow Fish. These songs were released as a CD on Sony Music.
External links
Chris Hickey
Punk rock groups from California
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups from Los Angeles |
4034429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochodaeidae | Ochodaeidae | Ochodaeidae, also known as the sand-loving scarab beetles, is a small family of scarabaeiform beetles occurring in many parts of the world.
These beetles are small, ranging from . Their bodies are elongate and convex, with black and brown colors including yellowish- and reddish-brown shades.
As of 2012, the biology and habits of Ochodaeidae beetles is still mostly unknown. Most types have been collected in sandy areas at night, while some of their species are active during the day.
Taxonomy
Ochodaeidae beetles belong to the infraorder Scarabaeiformia, which contains only one superfamily, the Scarabaeoidea. The most striking feature of the Scarabaeoidea are the ends of their antennae, that are divided into several lamellae, thus resembling a fan. Another distinguishing feature are their legs, that possess teeth and are adapted for digging.
Ochodaeidae is divided into two subfamilies containing five tribes and 15 genera:
Subfamily Ochodaeinae Mulsant & Rey, 1871
Tribe Enodognathini Scholtz, 1988
Enodognathus Benderitter, 1921
Odontochodaeus Paulian, 1976
Tribe Ochodaeini Mulsant & Rey, 1871
Codocera Eschscholtz, 1818
Cucochodaeus Paulsen, 2007
Neochodaeus Nikolayev, 1995
Notochodaeus Nikolajev, 2005
Ochodaeus Dejean, 1821
Parochodaeus Nikolayev, 1995
Xenochodaeus Paulsen, 2007
Subfamily Chaetocanthinae Scholtz in Scholtz, D'Hotman, Evans & Nel, 1988
Tribe Chaetocanthini Scholtz in Scholtz, D'Hotman, Evans & Nel, 1988
Chaetocanthus Péringuey, 1901
Mioochodaeus Nikolajev, 1995
Namibiotalpa Scholtz & Evans, 1987
Tribe Pseudochodaeini Scholtz, 1988
Pseudochodaeus Carlson & Richter, 1974
Tribe Synochodaeini Scholtz, 1988
Synochodaeus Kolbe, 1907
Gauchodaeus Paulsen, 2012
References
Literature about Ochodaeidae
2006: A review of the family-group names for the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) with corrections to nomenclature and a current classification. Coleopterists Society monograph, 5: 144–204.; / PDF on the web site of the Zoological Institute of St. Petersburg: PDF
; 2009: Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic. Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae and Trogidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 49: 297–332. PDF
2009: Ochodaeidae species of the Palaearctic's Asia. Euroasian entomological journal, 8(2): 205–211. [not seen]
; 2010: The oldest fossil Ochodaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Zootaxa, 2553: 65–68. Preview
1988: Phylogeny and systematics of the Ochodaeidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 51: 207–240.
2006: Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, , p. 95
Beetle families
Scarabaeiformia |
4034431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1981 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | John McEnroe defeated the five-time defending champion Björn Borg in a rematch of the previous year's final, 4–6, 7–6(7–1), 7–6(7–4), 6–4, to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1981 Wimbledon Championships. Borg was attempting to equal William Renshaw's record of six consecutive Wimbledon titles and Roy Emerson's all-time record of 12 major titles.
During this tournament, McEnroe famously shouted "You cannot be serious!" to the chair umpire in response to a serve being called "out". The disagreement took place on June 22 during his first round match against Tom Gullikson.
Seeds
Björn Borg (final)
John McEnroe (champion)
Jimmy Connors (semifinals)
Ivan Lendl (first round)
Gene Mayer (withdrew before the tournament began)
Brian Teacher (second round)
Brian Gottfried (second round)
Roscoe Tanner (second round)
José Luis Clerc (third round)
Guillermo Vilas (first round)
Víctor Pecci (first round)
Peter McNamara (quarterfinals)
Yannick Noah (first round)
Wojciech Fibak (fourth round)
Balázs Taróczy (third round)
Vitas Gerulaitis (fourth round)
Gene Mayer withdrew due to injury. He was replaced in the draw by lucky loser Mike Estep.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1981 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20Trumpet | Time Trumpet | Time Trumpet is a six episode satirical television comedy series which aired on BBC Two in August 2006. The series was written by Armando Iannucci, Roger Drew and Will Smith in a similar manner to Iannucci's earlier one-off programmes, 2004: The Stupid Version and Clinton: His Struggle with Dirt. One sketch was later spun off by network in Ireland, RTÉ, into the cult television series Soupy Norman, in May 2007.
Premise
Time Trumpet is set in the year 2031, and is a retrospective documentary on the first thirty years of the twenty-first century. Actors and actresses played the parts of 'today's stars' thirty years on, who were interviewed as part of the show.
These 'older selves' included David Beckham, Anne Robinson, David Cameron, Sebastian Coe, Kate Middleton, Charlotte Church, Ant & Dec, June Sarpong, Tony Blair, Alastair Campbell, Charles Clarke, Noel Edmonds, Chris Moyles, Gordon Brown, David Miliband, Bob Geldof, Saddam Hussein, Natasha Kaplinsky, Prince Harry, Jamie Oliver and the woman who released the doves at the end of the Michael Jackson trial.
The show also included interviews with comedians, billed in the show as "top cultural commentators slash TV pundits", speaking about the events of the past. These included Stewart Lee (also appearing as the baldheaded 'Stu Lee', the implication being that he was contractually obliged to shave his head and change his name), Richard Ayoade, Jo Enright, Matthew Holness, Adam Buxton, Mark Watson and David Sant.
Iannucci himself is seen once per episode interviewing guests, but at an oblique angle and with a different physical appearance. Series co creator Will Smith also appears in the series.
Each episode had a main theme running throughout, such as The Olympics or the War in Iraq. The main running gag was the promise of a catch up with "an increasingly odd Tom Cruise" and would feature the elderly actor making bizarre claims such as to be "pound for pound the world's strongest man".
Episodes
Controversy
The third episode, which featured a jumbo jet crashing into the British Houses of Parliament and the subsequent assassination of Tony Blair, was due to be screened on 17 August 2006, but was cancelled in the wake of the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot, and substituted by another episode. The cancelled episode was subsequently shown a week later, without the footage of an assassinated Blair. However, a related sketch was aired, involving a play on the events of 9/11, where two towers are flown into an aeroplane.
Home media
A DVD of the series was released on 27 April 2009. The assassination of Tony Blair sketch was removed from this, as were some sketches that included footage of the Olympic Games.
Legacy
One sketch depicted real life Polish soap opera Pierwsza miłość becoming a hit across Europe, which was followed by a scene dubbed into English in a humorous way, changing the setting from Poland to Ireland. This ended up forming the basis of the cult television show Soupy Norman on RTÉ.
Alan Moore's final issue of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen includes a reference to the in series game show "Rape an Ape", as well as several references to Iannucci's The Thick of It.
American remake
In December 2011, network in the United States, Comedy Central announced they would be remaking the series, with Iannucci as producer. Ultimately, the series was not picked up by the network, and Iannucci moved on to other projects.
References
External links
Iannucci profiled on BBC News' "Faces of the Week" (4 November 2005) with reference to Time Trumpet
BBC comedy blog
2006 British television series debuts
2006 British television series endings
2000s British satirical television series
BBC television comedy
British mockumentary television series
English-language television shows
Political satirical television series
Television series about television
Television series set in the 2030s |
4034443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow%20argus | Meadow argus | The meadow argus (Junonia villida) is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, commonly found in Australia and Nelsons Island. It is also known as Albin's Hampstead eye in the United Kingdom, where it has occurred only as an accidental import.
Description
The meadow argus has two brownish wings, each covered with two distinctive black and blue eyespots as well as white and orange marks that appear on the edge of the wings. The eyespots are a defense mechanism that are not only used to frighten predators away, but also to confuse the predators into thinking that the eyespots are the target, allowing the butterfly to escape with only a small part of the wing being lost. The underside of the wings are mainly unmarked, except the lower part of the forewing has similar markings as the upperside. The wingspan measures 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in males and 4.3 centimetres (1.7) in females.
As the butterfly rests, it can sit in four different positions depending on the current situation. These positions include:
If the sun is shining, the butterfly will open and relax its wings
If danger approaches while in the sunlight the butterfly will open its wings further revealing eyespots on its hindwings
If the sun is not shining the butterfly will close its wings
If danger approaches while there is no sunlight the butterfly will raise its frontwings revealing hidden eyespots
Distribution and habitat
The meadow argus can be found mainly on the Australian mainland, as well as in Tasmania, Kangaroo Island, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Tuvalu, Samoa and Cook Islands. They reside in urban areas, forests, woodlands, and grasslands, though they are uncommon during the winter months. Every year during October or November, the butterflies migrate from southern Australia to warmer areas in the north.
Early stages
Eggs
Meadow argus eggs are laid on a leaf of the food plant, shaped with sturdy vertical and horizontal ribs. The eggs usually hatch within 7 to 10 days.
Larvae
Meadow argus larvae are black with short thin spines. Meadow argus caterpillars feed on various garden plants, both native and introduced. This includes Plantago, Scrophulariaceae, Convolvulaceae, Compositae, Verbenaceae, Porulacaceae, and Gentianaceae. This stage lasts from 4 to 5 weeks.
Pupae
Meadow argus pupae have various colours, though usually they are black dotted with white and reddish yellow. This stage lasts from 2 to 3 weeks.
See also
Common buckeye (Junonia coenia)
References
Junonia
Butterflies of Oceania
Butterflies of Australia
Lepidoptera of New Guinea
Lepidoptera of Papua New Guinea
Lepidoptera of New Zealand
Butterflies described in 1787 |
4034444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy%20Sepulchre%20Cemetery%20%28East%20Orange%2C%20New%20Jersey%29 | Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (East Orange, New Jersey) | Holy Sepulchre Cemetery is located in East Orange and Newark, New Jersey. The Garden State Parkway runs through the two halves of the cemetery (exit 144 and exit 145, respectively). This cemetery was established in 1859 and is maintained by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.
In the 1950s, the newly-constructed Garden State Parkway cut directly through the cemetery. Hundreds of graves had to be moved prior to construction. Both sides of the cemetery are visible to drivers on the Parkway today.
Notable burials
Thomas J. Callan (1853–1908), Indian Wars Medal of Honor recipient
Jack Farrell (1857–1914), Major League Baseball player for 11 seasons, from 1879–1889
Edward F. McDonald (1844–1892), represented New Jersey's 7th congressional district from 1895–1899
Cornelius Augustine McGlennon (1878–1931), represented from 1919–1921
Frank Joseph McNulty (1872–1926), Representative from New Jersey 8th District from 1923–1925
Paul John Moore (1868–1938), represented New Jersey's 8th congressional district from 1927–1929
Edward L. O'Neill (1903–1948), represented New Jersey's 11th congressional district from 1937–1939
Albert Oss (1818–1898), Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
James Smith, Jr. (1851–1927), U.S. Senator from New Jersey from 1893–1899
Thomas Sullivan (1859–1940), Indian Wars Medal of Honor recipient
References
External links
Search for burials in the Archdiocese of Newark database
Old Newark Cemeteries: Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Political Graveyard: Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Find-A-Grave information for Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Cemeteries in Essex County, New Jersey
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Roman Catholic cemeteries in New Jersey
1859 establishments in New Jersey
East Orange, New Jersey
Garden State Parkway
Geography of Newark, New Jersey |
4034447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20WAB%20class | NZR WAB class | {{DISPLAYTITLE:NZR WAB class}}
The NZR WAB class locomotives were steam locomotives designed, built and used by New Zealand Railways Department (NZR). Their wheel arrangement is described by the Whyte notation 4-6-4T. The locomotives were designed by NZR chief draughtsman S.H. Jenkinson as tank versions of the AB class 4-6-2 Pacific locomotive. Initially, the locomotives were separated into two classes, designated WAB for mainline work and WS for suburban work.
The remaining locomotives were kept in service until the last days of steam, operating short-haul mainline freight services and fast suburban services, particularly in Auckland. WAB 794 was sold to the Ohai Railway Board in Southland for running heavy coal trains. The locomotives were progressively withdrawn in the 1960s.
Introduction
The first locomotives, WS 686 and WAB 687, were built from the boilers, frames and engine units initially destined for AB 666 and AB 667. These entered service in 1917, WS 686 in Wellington and WAB 687 at Taumarunui in the central North Island. Fourteen WS class locomotives were built between 1917 and 1925: one at Addington workshops (686), five at A & G Price Ltd, Thames (799-803) and eight at Hillside workshops, Dunedin (764-771). All the WS class were converted to WAB in 1932-4. Sixteen WAB class were built between 1918 and 1926: one at Addington (687), 12 at Hillside (786-795) and three at A&G Price (796-798). In about 1922 the class was introduced on Auckland (until 1930 near Britomart) to Papakura suburban services. Between 1947 and 1957 11 WAB class were converted to AB class.
Preserved locomotives
Only three examples of the class remain, with two in their original form as WABs:
WAB 794 was donated by the Ohai Railway Board in 1968 to the New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society and was moved to the Ferrymead Railway, and displayed for the Rail 125 celebrations in 1988. The locomotive has since been restored and is preserved at Feilding, and has been used on mainline excursions and also on the regular Wellington - Auckland Overlander service.
WAB (former WS) 800 is owned by the Waikato Branch of New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society and was stored for many years at the Te Awamutu Railway Museum. Following the negotiation of a lease agreement, the engine has been moved to the Glenbrook Vintage Railway for eventual restoration to working order.
AB (former WAB) 795 is preserved at Kingston, for use on the "Kingston Flyer".
See also
Feilding and District Steam Rail Society
Railway preservation in New Zealand
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
NZ Steam locomotives - WAB class
Wab class
4-6-4T locomotives
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of New Zealand
Railway locomotives introduced in 1917 |
4034482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1982 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Jimmy Connors defeated the defending champion John McEnroe in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1982 Wimbledon Championships. The final between Connors and McEnroe was the first Wimbledon match in history to take place on a Sunday.
A number of high-profile players were absent from this tournament for various reasons. This included five-time champion Björn Borg, who refused to play after officials required him to play in a qualifier tournament due to being absent from the tour injured for most of 1982; Ivan Lendl and Eliot Teltscher both withdrew citing difficulty playing on the grass courts; and Argentine players Guillermo Vilas and José Luis Clerc withdrew in protest to their country's conflict with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands.
Seeds
John McEnroe (final)
Jimmy Connors (champion)
Vitas Gerulaitis (quarterfinals)
Sandy Mayer (third round)
Johan Kriek (quarterfinals)
Gene Mayer (quarterfinals)
Mats Wilander (fourth round)
Peter McNamara (first round)
Andrés Gómez (first round)
Yannick Noah (withdrew)
Brian Teacher (quarterfinals)
Mark Edmondson (semifinals)
Brian Gottfried (second round)
Roscoe Tanner (fourth round)
Buster Mottram (fourth round)
Steve Denton (fourth round)
Yannick Noah withdrew due to injury. He was replaced in the draw by lucky loser Richard Meyer.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1982 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miho%20Morikawa | Miho Morikawa | is a Japanese singer and model.
Biography
Miho Morikawa got her start at the age of 17 after winning a singing contest, which led to her first album, called Sentimental Times, in 1986. Soon after her debut, she started writing lyrics and eventually composing some of the songs as well. On her EP Holiday, Miho played the blues harp in some songs. Her 1992 album, Freestyle, debuted at No.10 on the Japanese Album Chart. She has done songs for several anime series; including "Blue Water" and "Yes I Will" from Fushigi no Umi no Nadia, "Positive" from Ranma ½, and "By Yourself" from a Dirty Pair OAV and "Yahoo!" the second opening of Kenichi: The Mightiest Disciple with Akira Asakura under the group name Diva x Diva. Her most recent album was Glad (2010).
References
External links
Official blog
Actresses from Osaka Prefecture
1968 births
Living people
Japanese women singers
Musicians from Osaka Prefecture |
4034493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%27s%20Nose%20%28Westchester%20County%2C%20New%20York%29 | Anthony's Nose (Westchester County, New York) | Anthony's Nose is a peak in the Hudson Highlands along the east bank of the Hudson River in the hamlet of Cortlandt Manor, New York. It lies at the extreme northwest end of Westchester County, and serves as the east anchor of the Bear Mountain Bridge.
Topography
Anthony's Nose, together with Dunderberg Mountain, comprises the South Gate of the Hudson Highlands. It forms a ridge running northeast and southwest, being separated from Canada Hill to the northeast by Copper Mine Brook and the "South Mountain Pass", and being bordered on the southwest by the Hudson. The Hudson makes a turn around the southwestern tip, so that the northwestern side also slopes down to salt marshes along the river. On the southeastern side are Mine Mountain and, across Broccy Creek, Manitou Mountain. Most of this land is part of Camp Smith, a New York National Guard reservation.
US 6/202 crosses the Hudson on the Bear Mountain Bridge to the western tip of the mountain, where it meets NY 9D. 9D runs northeast along the northwestern flank of the mountain to Garrison, New York, while 202/6 runs southeast, hugging the cliffs, towards Peekskill. The main line of the New York Central Railroad, now Metro-North's Hudson Line, runs along the mountain and passes under the western tip and the Bear Mountain Bridge through a tunnel bearing the peak's name.
History
The peak has been known as Anthony's Nose since at least 1697, when the name appears on a grant patent for the Highland Patent, also known as the Philipse Patent for its original owner, Frederick Philipse, the first Lord of Philipse Manor.
Washington Irving's Knickerbocker's History of New York, a parody, attributes the name to one Anthony Van Corlaer, a trumpeter of New Amsterdam, modeled at least in part on the real Dutch colonial Arent van Corlaer (1619-1667).
Another traditions names Anthony de Hooges (1620–1655), a deacon of the Dutch Reformed Church and early settler of Rensselaerswyck, for his prominent nose.
One of the Hudson River Chains was stretched from Fort Montgomery above West Point to the foot of the mountain. The Bear Mountain Bridge was later constructed along approximately that alignment. An airway beacon was once located on the summit.
Geology
The mountain is composed of Canada Hill granite. Large calcite crystals have been collected from the railroad cut along the base.
Trails
The Appalachian Trail crosses the Bear Mountain Bridge and follows NY Rt. 9D for a short distance before turning east and climbing the side of the mountain. It skirts the summit ridge, descends into the clove between Anthony's Nose and Mine Mountain, and from there into South Mountain Pass. The blue-blazed Camp Smith Trail leaves the AT southwestward just above the descent to 9D, and runs along the ridge to reach the summit. From there, it runs along the border of Camp Smith to reach parking along U.S. Rt. 202/U.S. Rt. 6 on the south side of Manitou Mountain.
References
Hudson Highlands
U.S. Route 6
Mountains of Westchester County, New York
Mountains of New York (state) |
4034507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/59th%20Street%E2%80%93Columbus%20Circle%20station | 59th Street–Columbus Circle station | The 59th Street–Columbus Circle station is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and the IND Eighth Avenue Line. It is the eighth-busiest station complex in the system. It is located at Columbus Circle in Manhattan, where 59th Street, Broadway and Eighth Avenue intersect, and serves Central Park, the Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, and Midtown Manhattan. The station is served by the 1, A, and D trains at all times; the C train at all times except late nights; the B train during weekdays until 11:00 p.m.; and the 2 train during late nights.
The Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line station was built for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), and was a local station on the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The Eighth Avenue Line station was built as an express station for the Independent Subway System (IND) and opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the IND's first segment. The complex was renovated in the 2000s.
The IRT station has two side platforms and four tracks; express trains use the inner two tracks to bypass the station. The IND station has three island platforms and four tracks, but only two of the platforms are in use. The transfer between the IRT platforms and the IND platforms has been within fare control since July 1, 1948. The station complex contains elevators, which make it compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The original portion of the IRT station's interior is a New York City designated landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
Construction and opening
Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature authorized the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer of the Rapid Transit Commission. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx. A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899. The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, under which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.
The 59th Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) from 60th Street to 82nd Street, for which work had begun on August 22, 1900. These sections had been awarded to William Bradley. The section of tunnel near Columbus Circle had been completed by late 1901. At the time, the uptown platform was planned to be named 60th Street, while the downtown platform was to be named 59th Street. On March 14, 1903, the 59th Street station hosted a ceremony in which mayor Seth Low drove the first spike for the IRT subway's first track. By late 1903, the subway was nearly complete, but the IRT Powerhouse and the system's electrical substations were still under construction, delaying the system's opening.
The 59th Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch. The opening of the first subway line, and particularly the 59th Street station, helped contribute to the development of Columbus Circle and the Upper West Side. After the first subway line was completed in 1908, the station was served by local trains along both the West Side (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street) and East Side (now the Lenox Avenue Line). Local trains ran from City Hall to 242nd Street in the Bronx during rush hours, continuing south from City Hall to South Ferry at other times. East Side local trains ran from City Hall to Lenox Avenue (145th Street).
Operation
To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission (PSC) proposed lengthening platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts, made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $ million in ) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 () was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. Platforms at local stations, such as the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station, were lengthened by between . The northbound platform was extended to the south, while the southbound platform was extended to the north and south. Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910.
As early as March 1914, local business owners and workers began advocating for the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station to be converted into an express stop. That August, the PSC published a report outlining two alternatives for the station's conversion. The first option called for building a mezzanine under the tracks and relocating the platforms, while the other option called for lowering the tracks and erecting a new mezzanine above. IRT president Theodore Shonts opposed the plan, saying that the plan was too costly. Such a conversion would require underpinning the Columbus Monument directly above the station, as well as the relocation of a water main next to the subway line. In 1915, the city awarded the PSC the right to build an entrance inside a building on the north side of Columbus Circle, replacing an entrance on the sidewalk. The Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street in 1918, thereby dividing the original line into an "H"-shaped system. The original subway north of Times Square thus became part of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, and all local trains were sent to South Ferry.
The Broadway Association recommended in mid-1922 that a new entrance be built on the south side of Columbus Circle, since pedestrians had to cross heavy vehicular traffic in the circle. In December 1922, the Transit Commission approved a $3 million project to lengthen platforms at 14 local stations along the original IRT line, including 59th Street and five other stations on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Platform lengths at these stations would be increased from . The commission postponed the platform-lengthening project in September 1923, at which point the cost had risen to $5.6 million.
IND Eighth Avenue Line
On December 9, 1924, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval to the construction of a subway line along Eighth Avenue, running from 207th Street. The Eighth Avenue Line station was originally planned to be located at 57th Street, with entrances extending up to 61st Street. By 1927, the IND station had been relocated to be nearer the IRT station, forming a major transit hub under Columbus Circle. Though most of the Eighth Avenue Line was dug using a cheap cut-and-cover method, workers at 59th Street–Columbus Circle had to be careful to not disrupt the existing IRT line overhead. The Columbus Monument was shored up during the work. In October 1928, the BOT awarded a $444,000 contract to Charles Mead & Co. for the completion of the 50th Street, 59th Street, and 72nd Street stations on the Eighth Avenue Line.
The Eighth Avenue Line station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated IND's initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line between Chambers Street and 207th Street. When the line opened in 1932, express (A) and local (AA) trains served the line. After the IND Concourse Line opened to the north on July 1, 1933, the C express train and CC local train started running along the Concourse and Eighth Avenue lines, while the AA was discontinued. The final major change came on December 15, 1940, with the opening of a spur south of 59th Street, connecting with the IND Sixth Avenue Line. The AA train was restored, running during off-peak hours. During rush hours, the BB local train ran from 207th Street to the Sixth Avenue Line, while the CC ran on the Concourse and Eighth Avenue lines. The C became a rush hour-only service, while a new express route (the D) ran on the Concourse and Sixth Avenue lines at all times.
Modifications and later changes
1940s to 1990s
The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. The passageways between the IRT and IND stations were placed inside fare control on July 1, 1948. The IRT station was constructed as a local stop prior to the IND's construction. As a result, during the early 1950s, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA; now an agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, or MTA) considered converting the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station, a major transfer point to the IND Eighth Avenue Line, from a local stop to an express stop. This would serve the anticipated rise of ridership at the stop resulting from the under-construction New York Coliseum and the expected redevelopment of the area. In conjunction with that project, the NYCTA considered converting the 72nd Street station to a local station by walling off the express tracks from the platforms. While the work was never completed, the firm Edwards, Kelcey and Beck was hired as Consulting Engineers in 1955 for the construction of the express station.
The IRT routes were given numbered designations in 1948 with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The Broadway route to 242nd Street became known as the 1 and the Lenox Avenue route as the 3.
The original IRT stations north of Times Square could barely fit local trains of five or six cars depending on the configuration of the trains. Stations on the line from 50th Street to 96th Street, including this station but excluding the 91st Street station, had their platforms extended in the 1950s to accommodate ten-car trains as part of a $100 million () rebuilding program. The contract to extend the platforms at 79th Street and 86th Street was awarded to Delma Engineering Corporation for $1,867,705 in 1957 (). The platform extensions at the local stations were completed by early 1958. Once the project was completed, all 1 trains became local and all 2 and 3 trains became express, and eight-car local trains began operation. Increased and lengthened service was implemented during peak hours on the 1 train on February 6, 1959. Due to the lengthening of the platforms at 86th Street and 96th Street, the intermediate 91st Street station was closed on February 2, 1959, because it was too close to the other two stations.
In May 1960, the NYCTA approved an offer from businessman Huntington Hartford to redesign a subway entrance on Eighth Avenue and 58th Street, next to Hartford's new Gallery of Modern Art at 2 Columbus Circle. Hartford funded the project, which was designed by the Gallery of Modern Art's architect, Edward Durell Stone. The center platform between the IND's express tracks was originally built along with the other platforms, but was first used in passenger service in 1959. It served the purpose of a Spanish solution, allowing passengers to exit both sides of subway cars as the express trains would open the doors on both sides. Newer subway cars' door controls made it more difficult to open doors on both sides of the train simultaneously; thus this solution became impractical and the platform was closed on November 8, 1973.
In 1979, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the space within the boundaries of the original IRT station, excluding expansions made after 1904, as a city landmark. The station was designated along with eleven others on the original IRT. In April 1988, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) unveiled plans to speed up service on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through the implementation of a skip-stop service: the 9 train. When skip-stop service started in 1989, it was only implemented north of 137th Street–City College on weekdays, and 59th Street was served by both the 1 and the 9. Meanwhile, the IND platforms were served by the A, AA, BB, C, and D trains; in 1985, the AA was relabeled the K, while the BB became the B. The K train was discontinued in 1988.
2000s to present
The IRT station's original interiors were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Skip-stop service ended on May 27, 2005, as a result of a decrease in the number of riders who benefited.
In 2002, as part of the construction of the nearby Hearst Tower, a renovation of the station complex was proposed. This project added elevators and improved circulation at the congested station. When work started in 2006, the project was expected to cost $108 million. As part of the project, two subway entrances opened at the northwest corner of 60th Street and Broadway in 2008, connecting with the downtown IRT platform. These new entrances were part of a new fare-control area that cost $14 million. After the project was completed in 2012, parts of the complex were converted to retail space.
In 2007–2010, the IND station's unused express platform was converted to a crossunder between the IRT side platforms. Large metal fences have been erected to keep people away from the edges.
Station layout
Entrances and exits
This station complex has many entrances/exits from the streets. The one at the north end of Columbus Circle leads to the Trump International Hotel and Tower. It has a double wide staircase going down to an intermediate level before another double-wide staircase goes down to fare control, where a now unused token booth and turnstile bank lead to the IND mezzanine as well as the north end of the northbound IRT platform. There is also one elevator from the back of the staircase that goes down to fare control.
Two staircases from the northwest corner of Broadway and West 60th Street go down to an unstaffed fare control area, where three full height turnstiles and a short staircase provide direct access to the north end of the southbound IRT platform. Another staircase at the southern median of the same intersection go down to a bank of turnstiles leading to the center of the same platform.
The Time Warner Center at the northwest corner of West 58th Street and Eighth Avenue has a set of elevators, escalators, and staircases going down to fare control, where a token booth and turnstile bank provide entrance/exit to the station. A single staircase goes down to each IND platform at their extreme south end while a passageway leads to the southbound IRT platform. The mezzanine also has a staircase going up to the northeast corner of West 58th Street and Eighth Avenue. There is a passageway leading to another staircase that goes up to the northwest corner of West 57th Street and Eighth Avenue, as well as staircases within the Hearst Tower to the southwest corner of that intersection. A complex of restaurants and shops called "Turnstyle" opened in this passageway in April 2016.
The south end of the northbound IRT platform has a same-level unstaffed fare control area containing full height turnstiles and two staircases that ascend to the southeastern corner of Central Park South and Broadway, just outside 240 Central Park South.
In October 1992, at a public hearing, New York City Transit proposed closing street staircase S6 to the northwest corner of 61st Street and Central Park West (outside what is now 15 Central Park West) and reopening street staircase S2 at 60th Street and Central Park West, located to the east of the circular stair, in order to expand the Transit Police District Command to accommodate more officers and increase the efficiency of the operation. The circular staircase was expected to be reconstructed to provide more direct access. The 61st Street exit was operated part-time, closing at nights, consisted of a high exit turnstile and was used by 2400 daily passengers. It was located in a remote unmonitored portion of the station, making safety an added consideration for its closure. Four staircases to the two platforms that led to the passageway leading to the exit were removed.
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line platforms
The 59th Street–Columbus Circle station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line has four tracks and two side platforms. The two express tracks are used by the 2 train during daytime hours and the 3 train at all times. The platforms were originally long, as at other local stations on the original IRT, and ranged between wide at the ends and wide at the center. As a result of the 1958–1959 platform extension, the platforms became long.
Design
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a "U"-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than thick. Each platform consists of concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The platform floor was originally divided into white granolithic slabs measuring . These slabs curved upward at the intersection with each wall, preventing debris buildup. The original platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every , while the platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every , support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. The ceiling ranges from high. There is a gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of -thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.
There are fare control areas at platform level, and both platforms are adjacent to mezzanines connecting to the IND part of the station. The walls along the southbound platform and a short stretch of the northbound platform consist of a brick wainscoting on the lowest part of the wall and white glass tiles above, while the rest of the northbound platform has ceramic tile walls. The wainscoting is about high and is topped by a band of green marble with white veining. The platform walls are divided at intervals by green and red tile pilasters, or vertical bands. Atop each pilaster are faience plaques in blue, green, brown, and cream. These are flanked by square tiles depicting the Santa María, one of Christopher Columbus's ships. The walls contain two varieties of mosaic tile plaques, with the name "Columbus Circle" in white letters, alternating with each other. One variety of name plaques contains a green-mosaic background, while the other has a green faience background with half-circle motifs and Renaissance style moldings. There were originally four such plaques on each platform. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by faience contractor Grueby Faience Company.
Various doorways lead off both platforms. On each platform, two of the doorways led to restrooms for women and men. Each restroom had ceramic-tile floors, glass walls, and marble-and-slate partitions; patrons paid five cents to enter. The ceilings of the original platforms and fare control areas contain plaster molding. The moldings divide the original ceilings into panels measuring 15 feet wide. Blue tile was used for the ceilings above the tracks, while yellow plaster was used for the ceilings above the platforms. The mezzanines leading off either platform contain ceramic tiles and flooring. The original exit stairways (now removed or upgraded) were wide. There was an underpass between the downtown and uptown platforms, which was closed in 1991.
Image gallery
IND Eighth Avenue Line platforms
The 59th Street–Columbus Circle station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line is an express stop with four tracks and three island platforms; only the outer two platforms are in revenue service. South of the station, trains can either continue on Eighth Avenue or diverge east to the Seventh Avenue station via the IND Sixth Avenue Line. North of the station are crossovers in both directions, and the northbound tracks cross over the southbound tracks to form a two-level configuration to 103rd Street.
The stations on the Eighth Avenue Line were built with long platforms, but they had provisions to lengthen them to to accommodate eleven-car trains. Four of the express stations, including 59th Street, were built with long mezzanines so that passengers could walk the entire length of the mezzanines without having to pay a fare. It was proposed to develop the mezzanines of these four stations with shops, so that they would become retail corridors, similar to the underground mall at Rockefeller Center.
At the middle of each open platform, there are two staircases and one elevator that connect with the northbound platform of IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. There is also one staircase from each platform at the north end leading to the same area. A single staircase at the extreme south end connects to the southbound IRT platform. There are two newsstands, one each at the center of both platforms.
This station formerly had a 1992 artwork called Hello Columbus, made by various New York City artists and public school students. Sol LeWitt created tile work on the stairway from the IND platforms to the uptown IRT platform entitled Whirls and Twirls, installed in 2009. Large white "59"s are placed over the blue stripes–similar to the "42"s at 42nd Street–Port Authority.
Nearby points of interest
Church of St. Paul the Apostle
Museum of Arts & Design
New York Institute of Technology
Professional Children's School
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
Fordham University
References
Further reading
External links
nycsubway.org – Whirls and Twirls Artwork by Sol Lewitt (2007)
nycsubway.org – Hello Columbus Artwork by the NYC Artists & Public School Students (1992)
Forgotten NY – Original 28 - NYC's First 28 Subway Stations
MTA's Arts For Transit – 59th Street–Columbus Circle
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations
Broadway (Manhattan)
IND Eighth Avenue Line stations
Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)
Subway
Railway and subway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
New York City Subway stations in Manhattan
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1904
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1932
New York City Subway transfer stations
1904 establishments in New York City
1932 establishments in New York City
New York City Subway stations located underground
New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan
New York City interior landmarks
59th Street (Manhattan) |
4034512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona%20Supreme%20Court | Arizona Supreme Court | The Arizona Supreme Court is the state supreme court of the U.S. state of Arizona. Sitting in the Supreme Court building in downtown Phoenix, the court consists of a chief justice, a vice chief justice, and five associate justices. Each justice is appointed by the governor of Arizona from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission. Justices stand for retention in an election two years after their appointment and then every six years. They must retire at age 70.
Court history
The court started in 1912 with 3 justices. Alfred Franklin, Donald L. Cunningham, and Henry D. Ross took office on February 14, 1912 (Valentine's Day). In 1949, the Court expanded from 3 to 5 justices and from 5 to 7 justices in 2016.
The jurisdiction of the court is prescribed by Article VI, Section 5 of the Arizona Constitution. Most of the appeals heard by the court go through the Arizona Court of Appeals, except for death penalty cases, over which the Arizona Supreme Court has sole appellate jurisdiction. The court also has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances as outlined in the Arizona Constitution. A quorum is three, but the whole court must sit in order to declare a law unconstitutional.
Selection of justices
The Chief Justice is chosen for a five-year term by the court, and is eligible for re-election. They supervise the administration of all the inferior courts. They are Chairman of the Commission on Appellate Court Appointments, which nominates candidates to fill vacancies in the appellate courts. If the Governor fails to appoint one of the nominated candidates within sixty days of their names being submitted to her or him, the Chief Justice makes the appointment.
The Vice Chief Justice, who acts as Chief Justice in the latter's "absence or incapacity," is chosen by the court for a term determined by the court.
Justices are selected by a modified form of the Missouri Plan. A bipartisan commission considers applicants and sends a list of nominees to the governor. The governor is required by law to appoint from this list based on merit, without regard to party affiliation. Justices are then retained for an initial period, after which they are subject to a retention election. If the justice wins the election, his/her term is six years.
Qualifications
Admitted to the practice of law in Arizona and be a resident of Arizona for the 10 years before taking office;
May not practice law while a member of the judiciary;
May not hold any other political office or public employment;
May not hold office in any political party;
May not campaign, except for him/herself; and,
Must retire at age 70.
Justices
The current Arizona Supreme Court includes:
Chief Justices
Alfred Franklin (1912–1914, 1917)
Henry D. Ross (1915–1916, 1921–1922, 1927–1928, 1933–1934, 1939–1940, 1945)
Donald L. Cunningham (1918–1920)
Archibald G. McAlister (1923–1926, 1931–1932, 1937–1938, 1943–1944)
Alfred C. Lockwood (1929–1930, 1935–1936, 1941–1942)
Rawghlie Clement Stanford (1945–1948)
Arthur T. LaPrade (1949–1950, 1955–1956)
Levi Stewart Udall (1951–1952)
Rawghlie Clement Stanford (1953–1953)
Marlin T. Phelps (1954–1954, 1959)
Levi Stewart Udall (1957–1958)
Fred C. Struckmeyer Jr. (1960–1961, 1966, 1971, 1980–1981)
Charles C. Bernstein (1962–1963, 1967–1967)
Jesse Addison Udall (1964–1964, 1969)
Lorna E. Lockwood (1965–1965, 1970) (First female chief justice in the United States)
Ernest McFarland (1968–1968)
Jack D. H. Hays (1972–1974)
James Duke Cameron (1975–1979)
William A. Holohan (1982–1987)
Frank Gordon Jr. (1987–1992)
Stanley G. Feldman (1992–1997)
Thomas A. Zlaket (1997–2002)
Charles E. Jones (2002–2005)
Ruth McGregor (2005–2009)
Rebecca White Berch (2009–2014)
Scott Bales (2014–2019)
Robert M. Brutinel (2019–present)
See also
Arizona Bar Exam
Courts of Arizona
References
External links
Map:
Arizona Supreme Court Justices
Arizona Constitution, Article VI
Arizona Judicial Branch
Arizona
1912 establishments in Arizona
Courts and tribunals established in 1912 |
4034523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20the%20Year%202889%20%28film%29 | In the Year 2889 (film) | In the Year 2889 (also known as Year 2889) is a 1969 American made-for-television horror science fiction film from American International Pictures about the aftermath of a future nuclear war. The film stars Paul Petersen, Quinn O'Hara, Charla Doherty, Neil Fletcher and Hugh Feagin. AIP commissioned low-budget cult film auteur Larry Buchanan to produce and direct this film as a color remake of Roger Corman's 1955 film Day the World Ended.
Although not set in the year 2889, In the Year 2889s title is borrowed from a short story of the same title by Jules Verne and his son, Michael Verne.
Plot
A nuclear war has wiped out most of Earth's population. The film follows a group of survivors who are holed up in a secluded valley and must protect themselves from rising radiation levels, mutants, and in some cases, each other.
Cast
Production
AIP gave Buchanan the script of the 1955 Corman film Day the World Ended to use for this film, resulting in an almost line-for-line, scene-for-scene remake.
This was Buchanan's fifth Azalea Productions film. It was made by AIP six years after the success of their 1961 Jules Verne adaptation Master of the World. Because this was an even lower budget remake of the earlier low budget Corman film, it needed a new title; AIP already had a registered title available (for a previously unmade Verne project), so it was used on the Buchanan film.
Release
In the Year 2889 was completed and released in 1967 as a made-for-television movie. All promotional materials, including the original listing in TV Guide, have the title as Year 2889, but the on-screen credits give the correct title.
Home media
In the Year 2889 was released on DVD by Retromedia Entertainment in 2004, packaged as a double feature with Buchanan's 1969 film 'It's Alive!'.
Reception
Paul Gaita from Allmovie called the film "threadbare and blandly executed", but also noted that the film's pacing, and performances were more professional than the director's previous efforts. Finishing his review, Gaita wrote, "No one will mistake this for a classic of the genre, or even one of Corman's titles, but for Buchanan completists and late movie devotees, it's a harmless and agreeable time-killer."
See also
List of American films of 1967
List of films in the public domain in the United States
References
External links
In the Year 2889 at AllMovie
1967 films
1960s science fiction films
American International Pictures films
Remakes of American films
Films about cannibalism
1960s English-language films
Films about nuclear war and weapons
Films set in the 29th century
American science fiction television films
American post-apocalyptic films
Films about World War III |
4034532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturzstrom | Sturzstrom | A Sturzstrom (from the German Sturz (fall) and Strom (stream, flow)) or rock avalanche is a large landslide consisting of soil and rock which travels a great horizontal distance (as much as 20 or 30 times) compared to its initial vertical drop. Sturzstroms have similarities to the flow of glaciers, mudflows, and lava flows. They flow across land fairly easily, and their mobility increases when volume increases. They have been found on other bodies in the Solar System, including the Moon, Mars, Venus, Io, Callisto, Iapetus, and Phobos.
Movement
Sturzstroms may be triggered, similarly to other types of landslides, by heavy rains, earthquakes, or volcanic activity. They move rapidly, but do not necessarily require water to be present to move, and there is no definite explanation for their kinematic characteristics. One theory, the acoustic fluidization theory, hypothesizes that vibrations caused by the collisions among the rock fragments reduce friction and allow the mass to travel great distances. Another theory involves air pockets forming under the slide and providing a cushion that the slide rides over with very low friction, although the merit of this theory has been called into question by the presence of sturzstroms in vacuums such as on the Moon and Phobos. Observation of slides on Iapetus suggests that tiny contact points between bits of ice debris may heat up considerably during the movement, causing melting and forming a more fluidand thus less friction-limitedmass of material.
The amount of energy in a sturzstrom is much higher than in a typical landslide. Once moving, it can ride over nearly any terrain and will cover much more horizontal ground than downward-sloped ground. Its momentum can even carry the sturzstrom up small hills. The process of detachment, movement and deposition of a sturzstrom can be recorded by seismometers tens of kilometers away. The peculiar characteristics of this seismic signal make it distinguishable from that of small earthquakes. In the large Köfels landslide, which flowed into the Ötztal valley in Tyrol, Austria, deposits of fused rocks, called "frictionite" (or "impactite", or "hyalomylonite"), were found in the landslide debris. This has been hypothesized to be volcanic in origin or the result of a meteorite impact, but the leading hypothesis is that it was due to the large amount of internal friction. Friction between static and moving rocks can create enough heat to fuse rocks to form frictionite.
See also
Slump
Rockslide
Pyroclastic flow
References
Landslides |
4034543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20of%20Sorrow%20%28film%29 | King of Sorrow (film) | King of Sorrow is a 2007 Canadian television film starring Kim Coates and Lara Daans; it was written, produced, and directed by Damian Lee. A psychological thriller and love story, it features the final filmed performance by Chris Penn.
Plot
A homicidal, drug-addicted policeman who suffered an abusive childhood develops a relationship with a suicidal psychiatrist.
Cast
Kim Coates as Steve Serrano
Lara Daans as Dani Brookes
Angela Asher as Dr. Dreyfus
Daniel Matmor as Frank Jennings
Stefano Pezzetta as Young Steve
Robert Van Dyke as Steve's Uncle
Nicole Robert as Old Prostitute
Robert Norman Smith as John Baker
Stephanie Moore as Julia Baker
Sadie LeBlanc as Blondie
Heidi von Palleske as Dr. Sally Champlain
Chris Penn as Detective Enola
External links
2007 television films
2007 films
2007 thriller films
Films directed by Damian Lee
Canadian thriller television films
Canadian thriller films
English-language Canadian films
Films produced by Damian Lee
Films about police officers
Films with screenplays by Damian Lee |
4034544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20load | Body load | Body load is the specific physical or tactile sensations brought on by psychoactive drugs, especially psychedelics. Generally, body load is an unpleasant physical sensation that is difficult to describe objectively either in terms of other sensations or in its specific location. However, it could be likened to an instinct of the body sensing it is about to be placed under exceptional stress, a state of pre-shock. Common symptoms include stomach ache, nausea, dizziness, feelings of being over-stimulated or "wired," shivering, feelings of excessive tension in the torso, or, in more severe cases, shortness of breath or a feeling of suffocation. Different drugs may cause different body load sensations which vary in intensity and duration.
In contrast, many drug users, and particularly users of cannabis, entactogens like MDMA or of certain synthetic phenethylamines (most notably the popular 2C-B) and tryptamines, also often report a "body high" or "body rush", which is similar to body load in many respects but is usually considered pleasant.
Causes
The causes of the experience of body load are unknown. However, one proposed mechanism is the stimulation of serotonergic 5-HT receptors, particularly those involved in tactile sensation and, equally importantly in many cases where nausea is experienced, those located along the lining of the digestive tract. Serotonin is heavily involved in appetite control, and over-stimulation of serotonergic receptors has been shown to cause nausea in overdoses of SSRIs or MDMA. Many psychedelics which can cause body load are partial serotonin agonists, which work by mimicking the structure of serotonin to varying degrees.
References
Symptoms and signs |
4034547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho%20Garc%C3%ADa%20of%20Castile | Sancho García of Castile | Sancho García (died 5 February 1017), called of the Good Laws (in Spanish, el de los Buenos Fueros), was the count of Castile and Álava from 995 to his death.
Biography
Sancho was the son of count García Fernández and his wife Ava of Ribagorza, the daughter of Raymond I, Count of Pallars and Ribagorza. Sancho rebelled against his father with the support of Al-Mansur of Córdoba. This resulted in the partition of the county between father and son, and the county was not reunited until his father's death five years later. He renewed the Reconquista by rebelling against Almanzor, alongside García Gómez and their mutual cousin García Sánchez II of Pamplona. Sancho led the coalition that was defeated at the Battle of Cervera in July 1000, but in early September successfully turned back the Córdoban invasion of his county. Almanzor died in 1002, leaving the Caliphate of Córdoba in crisis. Sancho ruled for another 15 years. In 1010, he intervened in Ribagorza, bringing about an end to Muslim domination there and leading to the abdication of his aunt countess Toda, and the establishment of a partition between Castilian-educated William Isarn, illegitimate son of Toda's brother and predecessor count Isarn, and Raymond Sunyer of Pallars, husband of Sancho's sister Mayor. Following his death in 1017, he was succeeded by his own son García.
Count Sancho García was called El de los Fueros (literally, "He of the Rights" or "of the Charters"), because of the rights or charters which he granted to the various cities. In 1011, he founded the Monastery of San Salvador de Oña where he was buried.
Family and issue
Sancho married Urraca, whose parentage has not been found in contemporary records. However, based on them having given a daughter the name of a founder of the Banu Gómez clan, she has been identified as sister of rebel García Gómez and daughter of count Gómez Díaz of Saldaña by Sancho's aunt, Muniadona Fernández of Castile. They had:
Muniadona, eldest daughter, married Sancho III of Pamplona, through whom the right to the county eventually passed.
Ferdinand, died before 2 March 999
Tigridia, born about 998, abbess of the Monastery of San Salvador de Oña, which Sancho founded in 1011 for her to direct.
Sancha, in 1016 affianced at Zaragoza to Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona, and married him by 1021.
García, born in November 1009, who succeeded his father.
They may also have been parents of:
Urraca, who married before 1008 to Sancho VI William of Gascony and died childless in Bordeaux on 12 July 1041.
References
Bibliography
1017 deaths
11th-century people from the Kingdom of León
Counts of Spain
10th-century rulers in Europe
11th-century rulers in Europe
Year of birth unknown
House of Beni Mamaduna
Counts of Castile
Sons of emperors |
4034550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20social%20nudity%20organizations | List of social nudity organizations | The following is a list of social nudity organizations associated with naturism and nude recreation within a family-friendly, non-sexualized context.
Major naturist organizations
Worldwide
International Naturist Federation (INF) with regional member organizations in 34 countries.
North America
United States
The American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR) Main national nudist organization
American Nudist Research Library
The Naturist Society (TNS) Main national naturist organization
Tennessee's Associated Naturists Network (TANN)
Florida Young Naturists
Black Naturists Association (BNA)
Rocket Coast Naturists https://mewe.com/join/rocketcoastnaturists
Canada
Federation of Canadian Naturists (FCN)
FQN-FCN Union (Canada's official representative in the INF)
La Fédération Québécoise de Naturisme (FQN)
Europe
France
Association pour la promotion du naturisme en liberté (APNEL)
(FFN)
Germany
Deutscher Verband für Freikörperkultur
The Netherlands
Naturisten Federatie Nederland (NFN)
Spain
Federación Española de Naturismo (FEN)
Asociación Naturista Nudista de Andalucía (ANNA)
Asociación para el Desarrollo del Naturismo de la Comunidad de Madrid (ADN)
Asociación Naturista de Tenerife (NATURATEN)
Asociación Naturista de Galicia (NaturiGal)
Associació Club Català de Naturisme (CCN)
United Kingdom
British Naturism – National organization formerly known as CCBN (Central Council for British Naturism)
Naturist Action Group
Asia
Naturist Association Thailand, the national naturist organization in Thailand.
Topfree organizations
Topfree Equal Rights Association (TERA)
Outdoor Co-ed Topless Pulp Fiction Appreciation Society
Go Topless Day
Free the Nipple
References
External links
Where to be Naked in the World
Naked For Peace
Lists of organizations |
4034552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik%20Kafur | Malik Kafur | Malik Kafur (died 1316), also known as Taj al-Din Izz al-Dawla, was a prominent slave-general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He was captured by Alauddin's general Nusrat Khan during the 1299 invasion of Gujarat, and rose to prominence in the 1300s.
As a commander of Alauddin's forces, Kafur defeated the Mongol invaders in 1306. Subsequently, he led a series of expeditions in the southern part of India, against the Yadavas (1308), the Kakatiyas (1310), the Hoysalas (1311), and the Pandyas (1311). From these campaigns, he brought back many treasures, and many elephants and horses for the Delhi Sultanate.
From 1313 to 1315, Kafur served as Alauddin's governor of Devagiri. When Alauddin fell seriously ill in 1315, Kafur was recalled to Delhi, where he exercised power as Na'ib (viceroy). After Alauddin's death, he tried to usurp control by appointing Alauddin's minor son, Shihabuddin Omar, as a puppet monarch. Kafur's regency lasted for about a month, before he was assassinated by Alauddin's former bodyguards. Alauddin's elder son, Mubarak Shah, succeeded him as regent, and usurped power shortly afterward.
Early life and career
Kafur is described as of Hindu descent ("Marhatta", according to the 14th-century chronicler Isami). In his youth, Kafur was the slave of a wealthy Khwaja of Khambhat. He was an eunuch slave of great physical beauty, said to have been purchased by his original master for 1,000 dinars. This resulted in the epithet hazar-dinari. It is very unlikely that the price paid was actually 1,000 dinars; the description seems rather to be a metaphorical compliment to Kafur. Ibn Batuta (1304–1369) refers to Kafur by the epithet al-Alfi (the Arabic equivalent of hazar-dinari), again in reference to the price paid for him, but Ibn Batuta may be in error in stating that the epithet refers to a sum paid by the sultan (Alauddin) himself for Kafur.
Kafur was captured from the port city of Khambhat by Alauddin's general Nusrat Khan, during the 1299 invasion of Gujarat, and converted to Islam. Nusrat Khan presented him to Alauddin in Delhi. Nothing is known about Kafur's early career in Alauddin's service. According to Isami, Alauddin favoured Kafur because "his counsel had always proved appropriate and fit for the occasion". Kafur rose rapidly, mainly because of his proven ability as a wise counsellor and military commander. By 1306, Kafur held the rank of barbeg, used to designate a chamberlain who also served as a military commander. By 1309–1310, he held the iqta' (administrative grant) of Rapri.
Military career
In 1306, Alauddin sent an army led by Kafur to the Punjab to repulse a Mongol invasion by the Chagatai Khanate. The Mongol army had advanced to the Ravi River, ransacking the territories along the way. This army included three contingents, led by Kopek, Iqbalmand, and Tai-Bu. Kafur routed the Mongol army, with support from other commanders, including Malik Tughluq. Kafur was known by this time as Na'ib-i Barbak ("assistant master of ceremonies"). This may be the origin of his name Malik Na'ib, although some historians believe this relates instead to his later, and more important, role of Na'ib-i Sultan.
The 16th-century chronicler `Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni also credits Kafur with leading Alauddin's army in the 1305 Battle of Amroha. This claim, however, is based on the erroneous identification of another officer, called Malik Nayak ( Malik Nanak), with Malik Kafur.
Kafur was then sent to the Deccan Plateau, as the commander of a series of great military raids that laid the foundations of Muslim power in that region. In 1307, Alauddin decided to invade the Yadava kingdom of Devagiri, whose king, Ramachandra, had discontinued tribute payments to Delhi for three or four years. Alauddin had originally intended to select another slave to lead this invasion: Malik Shahin, who was the governor of Chittor Fort. But Malik Shahin had fled, fearing a Vaghela resurgence in the neighbouring territory of Gujarat. Alauddin appointed Kafur instead.
Alauddin took measures to raise Kafur above all other officers. The royal canopy and the royal pavilion were sent with Kafur, and the officers were directed to pay their respects to Kafur daily and to take their orders from him. Kafur easily subjugated the Yadavas. Along with rich spoils, Kafur brought Ramachandra back to Delhi, where the Yadava king acknowledged Alauddin's suzerainty.
In 1309, Alauddin sent Kafur on an expedition to the Kakatiya kingdom. Kafur's army reached the Kakatiya capital, Warangal, in January 1310, and breached its outer fort after a month-long siege. The Kakatiya ruler, Prataparudra, surrendered and agreed to pay tribute. Kafur returned to Delhi in June 1310 with a huge amount of wealth obtained from the defeated king. The Koh-i-Noor diamond was said to be among the loot. Alauddin was very pleased with Kafur, and rewarded him generously.
In Warangal, Kafur had learned that the southernmost regions of India were also very wealthy. He obtained Alauddin's permission to lead an expedition there. The expedition set off on 19 October 1310, and reached the extremity of peninsular India. On 25 February 1311, Kafur besieged Dwarasamudra, the Hoysala capital, with 10,000 soldiers. The Hoysala king, Ballala, surrendered vast wealth as part of a truce negotiation, and agreed to pay an annual tribute to the Delhi Sultanate. From Dwarasamudra, Kafur proceeded to the Pandya kingdom, where he raided several places, obtaining much treasure and many elephants and horses. Kafur occupied Madurai on 24 April, and reached Delhi in triumph on 18 October 1311.
At court, Kafur seems to have excited the enmity of a faction led by Mahru, Alauddin's second wife; Khizr Khan, his eldest son by her; and Alp Khan, Mahru's brother, who was also Khizr Khan's father-in-law and the governor of Gujarat. In 1313, probably at his own request, Kafur led another expedition to Devagiri, when Ramachandra's successor Singhana (or Shankaradeva) refused to continue the tribute payments. Kafur subdued him, and annexed Devagiri to the Delhi Sultanate. Kafur remained in Devagiri as governor of the newly annexed territory for two years, until he was urgently summoned to Delhi when Alauddin's health began deteriorating. He had administered the territory with sympathy and efficiency.
As viceroy
Kafur ultimately rose to the position of Na'ib (viceroy), although the date of his appointment to this position is not known. In 1315, when Alauddin fell seriously ill, Kafur was recalled from Devagiri to Delhi. Kafur handed over charge of Devagiri to Ayn al-Mulk Multani.
During Alaudidn's last days, Kafur held the executive power. During this period, Alauddin became very distrustful of his other officers, and started concentrating power in the hands of his family and his slaves. He removed several experienced administrators, abolished the office of wazir (prime minister), and even executed the minister Sharaf Qa'ini. It appears that Kafur, who considered these officers his rivals and a threat, convinced Alauddin to carry out this purge. Alauddin had greater trust in Kafur than other officers because, unlike the other officers, Kafur had no family or followers. According to Isami, during the final days of Alauddin's reign, Kafur allowed no one to see the sultan, and became de facto ruler of the Sultanate.
Relationship with Alauddin
Kafur had been captured by Khalji forces in 1299, and had caught the fancy of Alauddin. A deep emotional bond developed between the two. During his reign (even before his illness), Alauddin was infatuated with Kafur, distinguishing him above all his other friends and helpers, and Kafur held the highest place in his esteem. Regarding the time when Alauddin was ill, the chronicler Ziauddin Barani (1285–1357) states:
Based on Barani's description, several scholars including Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai among others believe that Alauddin and Kafur were in a homosexual relationship. Historian Banarsi Prasad Saksena states that Alauddin was infatuated with Kafur during the last years of his reign, but believes that the closeness between the two was not sexual.
Murder of Alp Khan
Kafur's hold on power was threatened by Alp Khan, an influential noble whose two daughters were married to Alauddin's sons, Khizr Khan (the heir apparent) and Shadi Khan. Kafur convinced Alauddin to order the killing of Alp Khan in the royal palace. He also had Khizr Khan first banished from court to Amroha, and then imprisoned in Gwalior, and had Khizr's brother Shadi Khan imprisoned. According to stories that circulated as far as Persia, Khizr Khan, his mother and Alp Khan had hatched a conspiracy to poison Alauddin, so that Khizr Khan could be appointed as the new Sultan, but Alauddin was able to execute them all before he died. This story was corroborated to some extent by Ibn Battuta. The story may just have been Kafur's propaganda.
Next, Kafur convened a meeting of important officers at Alauddin's bedside. At this meeting, Alauddin's six-year-old son Shihabuddin was declared the new heir apparent, and it was decided that Kafur would act as his regent after Alauddin's death. According to Isami, Alauddin was too weak to speak during the meeting, but his silence was taken as consent.
The officers supportive of Kafur included Kamal al-Din "Gurg", whose family came from Kabul. It appears that Kafur and other officers of non-Turkic origin allied to counter the Khalaj establishment of the Sultanate.
As regent
When Alauddin died, on the night of 4 January 1316, Kafur brought his body from the Siri Palace and had it buried in the mausoleum that had been built before Alauddin's death. Barani claims that, according to "some people", Kafur murdered Alauddin.
The day after Alauddin's death, Kafur convened a meeting of important officers and nobles in the palace. There, he read out a will of the late sultan that named Shihabuddin as his successor while disinheriting Khizr Khan, and then seated Shihabuddin on the throne as the new Sultan. As regent, Kafur held power for a short time—35 days, according to Barani; 1 month, according to Isami; and 25 days, according to the 16th-century historian Firishta. During this period, he held a daily ceremonial court in the morning at the Hazar Sutun Palace. After the short ceremony, Kafur would send Shihabuddin to his mother, and dismiss the courtiers. He would then meet the officers in his chambers on the ground floor, and issue various orders. He ordered the ministries of revenue, secretariat, war, and commerce to maintain the laws and regulations established by Alauddin. The officers of the ministries were asked to consult Kafur on all policy matters.
Kafur took several actions to maintain his control over the throne. Before burying Alauddin, he had taken the royal ring from the Sultan's finger. He gave this ring to his general, Sumbul, and asked him to march to Gwalior and take control of the fort, using the ring as a symbol of royal authority. He asked Sumbul to send the fort's governor to Delhi, and ordered Sumbul to return to Delhi after blinding Khizr Khan, who had been imprisoned in Gwalior. Sumbul carried out these orders, and was appointed Amir-i Hijab(Commander of the Faithful) as a reward. On his first day as regent, Kafur also ordered his barber to blind Khizr Khan's uterine brother Shadi Khan. This incident intensified resentment of Kafur among the Turkic nobles. Kafur deprived Alauddin's senior queen, who bore the title Malika-i Jahan, of all her property, and later imprisoned her at Gwalior fort. He also imprisoned Mubarak Shah, another adult son of Alauddin. According to Firishta, Kafur married Alauddin's widow Jhatyapalli, the mother of Shihabuddin. Becoming the new Sultan's step-father was probably Kafur's way of legitimizing his power.
Alp Khan's murder had led to a rebellion in Gujarat, and Kafur had sent Kamal al-Din "Gurg" to suppress it. Meanwhile, Kafur summoned the Devagiri governor, Ayn al-Mulk Multani, to Delhi with all his soldiers. While Multani was on his way, Kamal al-Din was killed in Gujarat. Kafur then appointed Multani as governor of Gujarat, and asked him to march there to suppress the rebellion. The rebellion could be suppressed only after Kafur's death.
Death
Alauddin's former bodyguards (paiks) disapproved of Kafur's actions against the family of their deceased master. Led by Mubashshir, Bashir, Saleh, and Munir, these bodyguards decided to kill Kafur. When Kafur became suspicious of a conspiracy against him, he summoned Mubashshir to his room. Mubashshir, who had been permitted to carry arms in the royal quarters since Alauddin's day, wounded Kafur with his sword. His associates then entered the room and beheaded Kafur, also killing two or three gatekeepers who had attempted to protect him. This event took place sometime in February 1316.
According to an account cited by the 16th-century chronicler Firishta, Kafur had sent some paiks to blind Mubarak Shah, but the captive prince gave them his jeweled necklace and convinced them to kill Kafur instead. Another legend attributes Kafur's death to his mother's prayers to the mystic Shaikhzada Jam. These accounts are latter-day fabrications. According to Barani's near-contemporary account, the paiks decided to kill Kafur on their own initiative.
Kafur's killers freed Mubarak Shah, who was appointed as the new regent. A few months later, Mubarak Shah usurped control by blinding Shihabuddin. Kafur's killers claimed credit for making him king, and began demanding high positions in the royal court. Instead, Mubarak Shah had them executed.
The chronicler Barani was severely critical of Kafur. Historian Abraham Eraly, however, believes that Barani's criticism of Kafur is not credible as Barani was deeply prejudiced against Kafur, presumably because of Kafur's non-Turkic, Hindu origins and eunuch status.
Tomb
The location of Kafur's grave is unknown today. His mausoleum existed in the 14th century, when it was repaired by Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq (r. 1351–1388). Firuz Shah's autobiography Futuhat-i-Firuzshahi states:
Popular culture
In the 2018 Bollywood film Padmaavat, Malik Kafur is portrayed by Jim Sarbh.
References
Bibliography
Alauddin Khalji
Military history of India
Converts to Islam from Hinduism
Indian Muslims
1316 deaths |
4034555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix%20Christian%20Preparatory%20School | Phoenix Christian Preparatory School | Phoenix Christian Preparatory School is a private, non-denominational Christian school located in Central Phoenix. It was the first Christian high school in the state of Arizona when it was founded.
History
Founded as Old Paths Christian School in 1912, the school was incorporated in 1949 as Phoenix Christian High School, it is a college preparatory. It moved to its current location on Indian School Road a couple of years later.
For most of its history, the school operated as a four year high school. Enrollment at the time was at about 400 to 450 students. In the early 1990s, the junior high school was added, and in 2003, the adjacent Light and Life grade school, previously operated by the Free Methodist church on 18th Avenue, was merged with the high school, forming one system known as Phoenix Christian Unified Schools.
Demographics
The demographic breakdown of the 380 students enrolled in grades K-12 (NCES does not track demographic information for pre-K students) during the 2013–14 school year was:
Native American/Alaskan - 0.5%
Asian/Pacific islanders - 13.1%
Black - 26.1%
Hispanic - 29.2%
White - 31.1%
Notable alumni
Steve Green, a gospel singer
Beneth Alice Peters Jones, wife of Bob Jones III
Tim Rattay, NFL quarterback
Vonda Kay Van Dyke, 1965 Miss America
References
External links
Christian schools in Arizona
High schools in Phoenix, Arizona
Educational institutions established in 1912
1912 establishments in Arizona |
4034558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1983 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | John McEnroe defeated Chris Lewis in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1983 Wimbledon Championships.
Jimmy Connors was the defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Kevin Curren. Lewis becomes the first New Zealander to reach a Grand Slam single final.
Seeds
Jimmy Connors (fourth round)
John McEnroe (champion)
Ivan Lendl (semifinals)
Guillermo Vilas (first round)
Mats Wilander (third round)
Gene Mayer (withdrew)
José Luis Clerc (first round)
Vitas Gerulaitis (second round)
Steve Denton (first round)
Jimmy Arias (withdrew)
Johan Kriek (third round)
Kevin Curren (semifinals)
Brian Gottfried (fourth round)
Bill Scanlon (fourth round)
Hank Pfister (second round)
Tim Mayotte (quarterfinals)
Gene Mayer and Jimmy Arias withdrew due to injury. They were replaced in the draw by lucky loser Bruce Kleege and Qualifier Scott Davis respectively.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1983 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20H.%20Coffman%20Jr. | James H. Coffman Jr. | Colonel James Henry Coffman Jr. (born 1954) is a U.S. Army officer who was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for valorous conduct while serving as an advisor with the Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq attached to the Iraqi Special Police Commandos in Mosul, Iraq in 2004.
Early life and education
Coffman grew up in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1978. Coffman subsequently earned a Master of Science degree in National Security Affairs from the Naval Postgraduate School. He was also a U.S. Army Fellow at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and attended the Boston University Overseas Program for Master of Science in International Relations in Vicenza, Italy. In the course of his formal education Coffman has authored papers on ethnic conflict in the post-Cold War world.
Iraq war counter-insurgency activities
Coffman served during the US occupation of Iraq. While working as a civilian advisor, his unit was attacked on November 14, 2004. During this attack, he was commended for the leadership he provided his troops while outnumbered against a group of Iraqi insurgents. He continued fighting even after an enemy round shattered his shooting hand, continuing to fire with his other hand. After reinforcements arrived, Coffman refused to exit the battle despite his injuries. He was award the Distinguished Service Cross for these actions.
Coffman worked as a civilian adviser to train the Special Police Commandos; a paramilitary unit known as the Wolf Brigade that was later accused by a UN official of torture and murder, and which was also implicated in the use of death squads. The Wolf Brigade was created and supported by the US and it enabled the redeployment of Saddam Hussein's Republican Guard but with the new task of terrorising those connected with the Iraqi insurgency. This was part of the US drive to use "dirty tactics" against insurgents in Iraq, a counterinsurgency doctrine known as "fighting terror with terror," and one that had previously been exercised by the US in other theaters, including Vietnam and El Salvador.
Coffman worked closely with Steele advising Iraqi Special Police Commandos during Multi-National Security Transition Command operations, and who has also been implicated in human rights abuses of Iraqi detainees. Coffman reported directly to General David Petraeus and worked alongside Steele in detention centers that were set up with US funding.
General Muntadher al-Samari, Iraqi interior ministry commander from 2003 to 2005, revealed the US role in torture carried out by the Special Commandos' interrogation units, claiming that Steele and Coffman knew exactly what was being done. Al-Samari described "the ugliest sorts of torture" he had ever seen, which included the severe beating and hanging of detainees, as well the pulling off of their fingernails. The Guardian report also claimed that the US backing of sectarian paramilitary units helped create conditions that led to sectarian civil war.
Awards and decorations
Coffman has been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Bronze Star Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal with four oak leaf clusters, Joint Service Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Combat Infantryman Badge, Expert Infantryman Badge, Special Forces Tab and the Ranger tab.
See also
Battle of Mosul
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
United States Military Academy alumni
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
United States Army colonels
United States Army personnel of the Iraq War |
4034562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk%20Road%20%28disambiguation%29 | Silk Road (disambiguation) | The Silk Road is a number of trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass.
Silk Road may also refer to:
Art, entertainment, and media
Films and television
The Silk Road (Japanese TV series), a 1980 documentary produced by Japan's NHK
The Silk Road (film), a 1988 Japanese film
The Maritime Silk Road (film), a 2011 Iranian movie
The Silk Road (UK TV series), a 2016 documentary by the BBC, in 3 episodes, presented by Sam Willis
Silk Road (film), about the online marketplace of the same name
Games
Silkroad Online, a 2005 free multiplayer online game
Literature
Silk Road, a novel by Jeanne Larsen
Silk Road, a book by Eileen Ormsby of All Things Vice
Silk Road, 2011 book written by Colin Falconer (writer)
The Silk Roads: A New History of the World, 2015 book written by Peter Frankopan
The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith, 2004 book written by Susan Whitfield
Silk Roads. Peoples, Cultures, Landscapes., 2019 book written by Susan Whitfield
Music
Silk Road (album), a 1997 album by Art Farmer
Silk Road, for string quartet Tan Dun
Silk Road Fantasia, Zhao Jiping
Silk Road, album by Kitarō
Silk Road Suite, a 1996 musical compositions by Kitarō for the NHK documentary series
"Silk Road", song by Rick Ross from Black Market (Rick Ross album)
Theater
Silk Road Rising, a theater company in downtown Chicago
Organizations and commerce
Silk Road (marketplace), anonymous online black market (Tor hidden service) best known for the illegal drug trade, shut down in 2013
Silk Road Project, a non-profit organization initiated by cellist Yo-Yo Ma
SilkRoad, Inc., a multinational corporation that provides human resources software services
Other
Silk Road disease, an inflammatory disorder
See also
Maritime Silk Road (disambiguation)
New Silk Road (disambiguation)
Silk Route (disambiguation)
Silk Way (disambiguation)
Belt and Road Initiative |
4034567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonshine%20Festival | Sonshine Festival | Sonshine Festival was a Christian music festival held annually, starting in 1982 in Willmar, Minnesota and continuing in that location through 2014. That same year, festival organizers announced its relocation to Somerset, Wisconsin for 2015 onward because of an inability to attract sufficient people to the original location.
A member of the Christian Festival Association, Sonshine has featured Christian musical artists from around the world. In 2012, the Newsboys recorded their live album Newsboys Live in Concert: God's Not Dead at the festival. Since 2014, Sonshine is produced by Creation Festivals. Citing financial reasons, Sonshine 2017 was postponed, with "hope and desire to see [it] return in 2018", according to the festival's webpage. The festival is indefinitely on hiatus, awaiting the advent of new financial backers.
References
External links
Official Website
History of Sonshine Music Festival, a documentary produced by Pioneer Public Television
Christian music festivals
Music festivals established in 1982
Music festivals in Minnesota |
4034589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20Link%20International%20Aviation%20College | Air Link International Aviation College | Air Link International Aviation College, also referred to by its acronym ALIAC or simply as Air Link, is a private, aviation-oriented educational institution located at the General Aviation Area of the Domestic Airport in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines.
The main campus features 28 aircraft, single and twin-engined, and a hangar next to a classroom building. Another campus, located on the island of Lubang, Occidental Mindoro, provides facilities for intensive training for both flying and ground students.
History
ALIAC was founded in 1982 by Captain Geronimo Amurao, a Philippine Airlines pilot, when he established a small flying school which he called the "Amurao Flying School". In 1984, this small aviation school grew to become the "Air Link International Aviation School" under the stewardship of Capt. Amurao, with the help of his wife, Dr. Myrna Tan Vallecer-Amurao. In April 2003, its name was amended to "Air Link International Aviation College". In 2017, Atty. Gomeriano V. Amurao became the new Managing Chairman and President of ALIAC.
Academic programs
The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) recognize ALIAC's academic programs. The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) certifies that ALIAC is an Approve Training Organization for Flight Training and Aircraft Maintenance. Aircraft frames and power plants are available for ALIAC students to work on, dismantle and assemble in the laboratories under the direct supervision of duly licensed personnel.
References
Universities and colleges in Metro Manila
Education in Pasay
Educational institutions established in 1984
Aviation schools in the Philippines
Air_Link_International_Aviation_College_(Philippines) |
4034594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybosoridae | Hybosoridae | Hybosoridae, sometimes known as the scavenger scarab beetles, is a family of scarabaeiform beetles. The 690 species in 97 genera occur widely in the tropics, but little is known of their biology.
Hybosorids are small, 5–7 mm in length and oval in shape. Color ranges from a glossy light brown to black. They are distinctive for their large mandibles and labrum, and their 10-segmented antennae, in which the 8th antennomore of the club is deeply grooved and occupied by the 9th and 10th antennomeres. The legs have prominent spurs.
The larvae have the C-shape and creamy white appearance typical of the scarabaeiforms. The 4-segmented legs are well-developed; the front legs are used to stridulate by rubbing against the margin of the epipharynx, a habit unique to this family.
Adults are known to feed on invertebrate and vertebrate carrion, with some found in dung. Larvae have been found in decomposing plant material. Little more is known of their life histories.
The group has been long recognized as distinct, primarily because of the larval characteristics, either as a distinct family or as a subfamily of Scarabaeidae.
Genera
These 97 genera belong to the family Hybosoridae:
Acanthocerodes c g
Adraria c g
Aegidiellus c g
Aegidinus c g
Aegidium c g
Afrocloetus c g
Allidiostoma c g
Anaides c g
Aneilobolus c g
Anopsiostes c g
Antiochrus c g
Apalonychus c g
Aporolaus c g
Araeotanypus c g
Astaenomoechus c g
Aulisostes c g
Baloghianestes c g
Besuchetostes c g
Brenskea c g
Callophilharmostes c g
Callosides c g
Carinophilharmostes c g
Celaenochrous c g
Ceratocanthoides c g
Ceratocanthopsis c g
Ceratocanthus White, 1842 i c g b
Chaetodus c g
Chaetophilharmostes c g
Cloeotus c g
Coilodes c g
Congomostes c g
Coprologus c g
Crassisorus c g
Cretanaides c g
Cretohybosorus c g
Cryptogenius c g
Cryptophilharmostes c g
Cryptosphaeroides c g
Cyphopisthes c g
Daimothoracodes c g
Dicraeodon c g
Ebbrittoniella c g
Eusphaeropeltis c g
Germarostes Paulian, 1982 i c g b
Glyptogermarostes c
Goudotostes c g
Hapalonychoides c g
Hybochaetodus c g
Hybosoroides c g
Hybosorus MacLeay, 1819 i c g b
Hypseloderus c g
Ivieolus c g
Jurahybosorus c g
Kuijtenous c g
Leptosorus c g
Libanochrus c g
Liparochrus c g
Macrophilharmostes c
Madrasostes c g
Martinezostes c g
Melanophilharmostes c g
Mesoceratocanthus c g
Metachaetodus c g
Microphaeochroops c g
Microphaeolodes c g
Mimaphodius c g
Mimocoelodes c g
Nesopalla c g
Orubesa c g
Oxymorostes c g
Pachyplectrus LeConte, 1874 i c g b
Pantolasius c g
Paraegidium c g
Parallidiostoma c g
Paulianostes c g
Perignamptus c g
Petrovitzostes c g
Phaeochridius c g
Phaeochroops c g
Phaeochrous c g
Phaeocroides c g
Philharmostes c g
Procoilodes c g
Protanaides c g
Protohybosorus c g
Pseudopterorthochaetes c g
Pseudosynarmostes c g
Pterorthochaetes c g
Pulcherhybosorus c g
Scarabaeinus c g
Scarabatermes c g
Seleucosorus c g
Synarmostes c g
Totoia c g
Trachycrusus c g
Tyrannasorus c g
Xenocanthus c g
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
Extinct genera
Subfamily Anaidinae Nikolajev 1996
†Crassisorus Nikolajev et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Protanaides Nikolajev 2010 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
Subfamily Ceratocanthinae Martinez 1968
Tribe Ivieolini Howden and Gill 2000
†Mesoceratocanthus Nikolajev et al. 2010 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
Subfamily Hybosorinae Erichson 1847
†Cretohybosorus Nikolajev 1999 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
†Fortishybosorus Yan et al. 2013 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Jurahybosorus Nikolajev 2005 Bayan Teg, Mongolia, Bajocian, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian
†Leptosorus Nikolajev 2006 Jiufotang Formation, China, Aptian, Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
†Protohybosorus Nikolajev 2010 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian
Subfamily †Mimaphodiinae Nikolajev 2007
†Mimaphodius Nikolajev 2007 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
Subfamily Liparochrinae Ocampo 2006
†Libanochrus Kirejtshuk et al. 2011 Lebanese amber, Barremian
†Coprologus Heer 1847 Upper Freshwater-Molasse Formation, Germany, Miocene
†Procoilodes Ocampo 2002 Dominican amber, Miocene
†Pulcherhybosorus Yan et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Sinochaetodus Lu et al. 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Sinohybosorus Nie et al. 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Tyrannasorus Ratcliffe and Ocampo 2001 Dominican amber, Miocene
References
Mary Liz Jameson, "Hybosoridae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2002), vol. 2
Scarabaeiformia
Beetle families |
4034596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Supreme%20Court | Arkansas Supreme Court | The Supreme Court of Arkansas is the highest court in the state judiciary of Arkansas. It has ultimate and largely discretionary appellate jurisdiction over all state court cases that involve a point of state law, and original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases. The Supreme Court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Arkansas Constitution. It is also able to strike down gubernatorial directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction.
Established by Article Five of the 1836 Constitution, the Supreme Court was composed of three judges, to include a chief justice, elected to eight-year terms by the General Assembly. As later set by Act 205 of 1925, it consists of the Chief Justice of Arkansas and six associate justices. Justices are elected in non-partisan elections to eight-year terms, staggered to make it unlikely the Court would be replaced in a single election. Vacancies are filled by gubernatorial appointment.
When a vacancy occurs, the governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints a new justice. Each justice has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before the Court. When in majority, the chief justice decides who writes the opinion of the court; otherwise, the most senior justice in the majority assigns the task of writing the opinion.
The Court meets in the Supreme Court Building in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Membership
There are currently seven justices on the Supreme Court: Chief Justice Dan Kemp and six associate justices.
Further reading
Distinguishing the Righteous from the Roguish: The Arkansas Supreme Court, 1836–1874 by J. W. Looney, 2016, University of Arkansas Press
References
External links
1836 establishments in Arkansas
Arkansas state courts
Courts and tribunals established in 1836
Ark |
4034606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Milbradt | Georg Milbradt | Georg Milbradt (born 23 February 1945) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Minister-President of Saxony from 2002 to 2008.
Early life
Milbradt was born in Eslohe. His family originally was from Wągrowiec (Wongrowitz) near Poznań (Posen) but ended up in Dortmund after World War II, and he passed his Abitur there in 1964. From 1964 to 1968, Milbradt studied economics, law, and mathematics at the University of Münster. He graduated with a degree in economics in 1968. From 1970 to 1980, he was scientific assistant at the institute for finance at the University of Münster, where he obtained his doctoral degree (Dr. rer. pol., summa cum laude) in 1973 and his habilitation in 1980. From 1980 to 1983, Milbradt worked as substitute professor of finance and political economics at the University of Mainz; since 1985 he holds the title of an (unsalaried) professor at the economics faculty in Münster.
Political career
Milbradt has been a member of the CDU since 1973. He was head of the finance department of the city of Münster from 1983 to 1990 and then Minister of Finance of Saxony from 1990 to January 2001, but was dismissed from office by Minister-President Kurt Biedenkopf because Milbradt had started a debate about Biedenkopf's succession. Milbradt served as member of the state board of the CDU from 1991 and became deputy chairman of the state CDU in 1999 and chairman in 2001. From 1994 until 2009, he was a member of the Landtag of the Free State of Saxony.
On 18 April 2002, Milbradt was elected as Minister-President of Saxony despite Biedenkopf's explicit opposition. Milbradt first governed with an absolute CDU majority, but in a coalition with the SPD after the state elections of 19 September 2004, in which the CDU lost a large number of votes.
In April 2008 Milbradt announced that he would resign from the office by the end of May and that Stanislaw Tillich would succeed him. He had been under pressure for months because of his involvement in the liquidity crisis of the government's Sachsen LB bank. Milbradt has also been criticized for private loans from the bank during his time as Minister of Finance in Saxony; in April 2008, the state government confirmed that Milbradt and his wife had borrowed a total of around €172,000 ($272,000) between 1996 and 1999 to help purchase around €360,000 in investment fund products from a subsidiary of the bank.
Life after politics
In 2010, Milbradt and former Mayor of Hannover Herbert Schmalstieg served as arbitrators to mediate in a wage dispute between the German United Services Trade Union (ver.di) and the country's public sector employers. He later successfully mediated in a similar conflict between train operator ODEG and the German Train Drivers' Union (GDL) in 2011. In 2015, the Association of Local Government Employers (VKA) appointed Milbradt as its negotiator in a dispute with employees of day nurseries in Germany; again, Schmalstieg served as his counterpart in the talks.
As a delegate of the Catholic Church in Germany, Milbradt was one of the members of the country's temporary National Commission on the Disposal of Radioactive Waste from 2014 and 2016. From 2015 until 2016, he served on a government-appointed commission tasked with recommending how to safeguard the funding of fulfilling Germany's exit from nuclear energy, under the leadership of co-chairs Ole von Beust, Matthias Platzeck and Jürgen Trittin. He was a CDU delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 and 2022.
Since 2017, Milbradt has been serving as the German government's special envoy for the Ukrainian reform agenda.
Other activities
HHL Foundation, Chairman of the Board
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Member of the Board of Trustees
Forum of Federations, Member of the Board (2010-2013), Chairman of the Board (from 2013)
Deutsche Bank, Member of the Advisory Board (2004-2006)
Milbradt oversees the Schüler Helfen Leben initiative.
Recognition
2009 – Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2004 – Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria
2002 – Order of Merit of the Free State of Saxony
Personal life
Milbradt is married to Angelika Meeth-Milbradt, a professor of economics, since 1975. They have two children.
Works
Die demographische Herausforderung. Sachsens Zukunft gestalten, by Georg Milbradt and Johannes Meier, Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2004,
Kraft der Visionen, by Georg Milbradt and Thomas Rietzschel, Kiepenheuer, 2003,
References
Mühlbradt, Max: Das Geschlecht Milbradt (Milbrandt, Mildebrath, Milbrath, Milbrod, Mühlbrecht, Mühlbradt). Nachfahrentafeln. Landsberg an der Warthe: Selbstverlag des Verfassers 1934.
Ulrich Brümmer: Parteien und Wahlen in Sachsen, Wiesbaden 2006,
External links
Official homepage
1945 births
Living people
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz faculty
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
Members of the Landtag of Saxony
Politicians from Dortmund
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Free State of Saxony
Ministers-President of Saxony
University of Münster faculty |
4034614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaly%20Mam | Somaly Mam | Somaly Mam ( ; born 1970 or 1971) is a Cambodian anti-trafficking advocate who focuses primarily on sex trafficking. From 1996 to 2014, Mam was involved in campaigns against sex trafficking. She set up the Somaly Mam Foundation, raised money, appeared on major television programs, and spoke at many international events.
After allegations of lying had appeared in The Cambodia Daily in 2012 and 2013, Newsweek ran a cover-story in May 2014 claiming that Mam had fabricated stories of abuse about herself and others. After the Somaly Mam Foundation undertook its own investigation through Goodwin Procter, a Boston-based law firm, she resigned from her position and the foundation shut down in October 2014. She moved back to live in Cambodia before returning to the US later that year to begin new fundraising activities.
Early life
Mam was born to a tribal minority family in Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia. In her memoir, The Road of Lost Innocence, she states that she was born in either 1970 or 1971.
Mam was investigated by a journalist working in Cambodia, and his allegations that key parts of her early life were false was carried by Newsweek in May 2014. Mam resigned from the Somaly Mam Foundation shortly thereafter. An investigation by Marie Claire magazine came to a different conclusion, finding witnesses that supported Mam's story and contradicted Newsweek's allegations.
In her book Mam said she attended school in Cambodia, but did not graduate. According to the Newsweek article, Mam did graduate and found two students and a teacher to support their claims, but Marie Claire quotes the school director remembering she attended only three years of school.
Mam said that she was abused by her "grandfather" until she was approximately 14 and that she was sold to a brothel and forced into prostitution and that she was also forced to marry a stranger. She has claimed that she was forced to prostitute herself on the streets and made to have sex with five or six clients per day.
Mam left Cambodia for Paris in 1993 where she married a French citizen, Pierre Legros. They divorced in 2008.
Charity and achievements
Mam served as an untrained healthcare worker with Médecins Sans Frontières and, in her spare time, handed out condoms, soap, and information to women in the brothels. In 1996, she co-founded AFESIP (Agir pour les Femmes en Situation Precaire or "Acting for Women in Distressing Situations"), a Cambodian NGO dedicated to rescuing, housing and rehabilitating women and children in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam who have been sexually exploited. AFESIP conducts outreach work to try helping the women still enslaved. The organization also works with law enforcement to raid the brothels. The company has locations in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
In June 2007, Mam co-founded the Somaly Mam Foundation, a nonprofit organization formed in the United States that supported anti-trafficking groups and helped women and girls who had been forced into sexual slavery. The Somaly Mam Foundation (SMF) attracted the support of U.S. business leaders and Hollywood stars. SMF was the global fundraising arm of Somaly Mam's Phnom Penh-based AFESIP.
After the May 2014 Newsweek article questioning Mam's claims, the Somaly Mam Foundation undertook its own investigation by Goodwin Procter, a Boston-based law firm. Mam resigned from her position and later the foundation shut down in October 2014. In January 2015, Mam and former operations director of SMF Rigmor Schneider launched a New Somaly Mam Fund as a funding source for AFESIP. In 2016, a new charity, Together1heart, became the primary fundraising vehicle for AFESIP. Actress AnnaLynne McCord serves as CEO of Together1Heart. Posts on the group's Facebook page suggest that Mam is still heavily involved, and McCord insists that Mam is a "survivor" and appears to absolve her of wrongdoing, while stating that neither Together1heart nor AFESIP has made changes as a result of the 2014 public relations crisis.
Scrutiny of Mam's stories
Scrutiny of Mam's story began with comments she made at the United Nations. Speaking on a United Nations panel to member states, international aid organizations and the media in New York on April 3, Mam stated that eight girls had been killed after her organization AFESIP conducted a high-profile raid on a massage parlor at the Chai Hour II Hotel in Phnom Penh, where 83 women and girls were taken and placed in her refuge center. Somaly Mam has since admitted that this was "inaccurate" and that the Cambodian army had not killed eight girls.
On 25 April 2012, the Cambodia Daily newspaper reported Mam's ex-husband and one-time AFESIP director Pierre Legros, saying that Mam had misrepresented an incident involving their daughter in 2004. Mam had long claimed that the teenager was kidnapped and raped by human traffickers in retaliation for her raid on the Chai Hour II Hotel. In her 2007 autobiography, Mam wrote that the people involved in the kidnapping of her daughter were released from jail, though a trial was pending. Legros said their daughter was not kidnapped, but had run away with her boyfriend, and that in his view the abduction story was a means of "marketing for the Somaly Mam Foundation". The U.S. Ambassador at the time, Joseph Mussomeli, wrote in a diplomatic cable in 2004 that Mam claimed that Mam's daughter had been "lured by her peers" to Battambang Province and that she was later found in a night club there in the company of three men who were arrested and charged with trafficking. Cambodian officials told the newspaper they had no record of such events.
In October 2013, the Cambodia Daily alleged a further deception took place in January 1998, when Mam was propelled into the international media spotlight largely owing to the on-camera testimony of the young Meas Ratha and other alleged victims of Cambodia's child sex industry. Mam's work as president of AFESIP was being featured on French television as part of the popular weekly show Envoyé spécial. Ratha, then a teenager of about 14 years from Takeo province, told a story of sexual slavery in an unspecified brothel somewhere in Phnom Penh. Sixteen years later, Ratha (now 32 years old and married) told the newspaper that her testimony for the France 2 channel was fabricated and scripted for her by Mam as a means of drumming up support for the organization. Ratha said, "The video that you see, everything that I put in is not my story."
On 1 June 2015 the Phnom Penh Post, in an article based on recently released State Department cables, revealed that the United States government "...knew about the now-infamous deceptions and malpractice within organisations run by Somaly Mam for years prior to the media exposés". The article cites a cable titled Somaly Mam Under Microscope sent to the State Department from the US embassy in Phnom Penh on May 8, 2012. Speaking of Mam's claim that her daughter was abducted in 2006 in revenge for an Afesip raid on a Phnom Penh brothel in 2004, the cable says: “Ms Mam has made this claim on numerous occasions despite having reported to post [the embassy] at the time of the incident that the girl was not kidnapped but rather lured by her peers from Phnom Penh to Battambang”. The embassy cable quoted sources in the anti-trafficking community in Phnom Penh as saying that Mam was “rotten to the core,” but as having made a “strategic decision to remain silent on concerns about Afesip’s accounting systems and general lack of financial controls to avoid putting … other anti-[trafficking] NGOs ‘at risk’”.
Resignation
On May 28, 2014, after the Newsweek exposé, and receiving the report from lawyers, Mam resigned from the Somaly Mam Foundation. In late 2014, Mam returned to New York, hoping to restore her reputation and launched a public relations campaign, hiring publicity firm Jonathan Marder & Company. Mam protested her innocence in a September 2014 interview in Marie Claire, and launched the New Somaly Mam Fund soon after.
In October 2014 the Cambodian government announced that Mam would be prohibited from operating an NGO, but days later appeared to withdraw the prohibition. By December 2014 she was accepting donations for a new NGO with headquarters in Texas, "The New Somaly Mam Fund: Voices for Change". As was the case with her previous venture, US actress Susan Sarandon was recruited to serve on the board of the charity. "I hope that chapter is closed. I am very comfortable that what she is saying is the truth. The new organization will not rescue women and girls but collaborate with other NGOs to rehabilitate and educate them once they are free so they can find jobs", the co-founder of the 'fund', Rigmor Schneider told a reporter, and explained plans to operate two residential centres. "Basically what we're looking for now is funding."
On October 9, 2014, in an interview in Global Post, Mam's ex-husband and co-founder of AFESIP Pierre Legros said: "When you work in this world, you know fabricated stories are used by everyone to get funding." He was more concerned about "mismanagement and sexual abuse allegations within a shelter in 2006." He said that he wished "to denounce the logic of a failing system praising 'development'."
Honors and awards
(Newest first)
The Guardian Top 100 Women: Activists and Campaigners, 2011
The Daily Beast Women in the World, 2011
TIME magazine's 100 most influential people, with the accompanying article written by actress Angelina Jolie, 2009
World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child in Sweden for her "dangerous struggle" to defend the rights of children in Cambodia. (2008)
Roland Berger Human Dignity Award 2008
Honorary Doctor of Public Service from Regis University (2007)
CNN Hero, 2006
Olympic flag bearer, 2006 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony, Torino, Italy.
Glamour magazine named Somaly Mam "Woman of the Year" in 2006
Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation in the presence of Queen Sofia of Spain, 1998
No date given:
"Mimosa D'Oro"
Festival du Scoop Prize, France
Excmo Ayuntaniento de Galdar Concejalia de Servicio Sociale, Spain
U.S. State Department "Heroes of Anti-Trafficking" award.
Bibliography
References
External links
Somaly Mam Foundation website (Mam is no longer affiliated with the foundation)
1970s births
Living people
Cambodian human rights activists
Human trafficking in Cambodia
Sex crimes
1996 hoaxes
Anti–human trafficking activists
Anti-prostitution activists
Victims of underage prostitution
False allegations of sex crimes |
4034619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Harmon | Dick Harmon | Dick Harmon (July 29, 1947 – February 10, 2006) was a golf instructor with clients including Fred Couples, Jay Haas, Craig Stadler, Lanny Wadkins, Steve Elkington and 2009 U.S. Open winner Lucas Glover. He was a native of New Rochelle, New York and Palm Springs, California.
His father Claude Harmon won the 1948 Masters Tournament. His brothers Butch, Craig and Bill were also ranked in Golf Digest's Top 50 Teachers.
Harmon was the professional at the River Oaks Country Club between 1977 and 2001. After leaving that position, he established two teaching centres in Houston, Texas.
Harmon established the Dick Harmon School of Golf at the Houstonian with teaching assistant and friend Arthur J. Scarbrough.
Harmon died at the age of 58 from complications due to pneumonia on February 10, 2006.
References
"Dick Harmon, part of golf's top teaching family, dies" Sports Illustrated February 10 2006 retrieved February 11, 2006
Redstone Golf Club biography of Harmon
BBC Q&A with Harmon
American male golfers
American golf instructors
Golfers from Texas
Sportspeople from New Rochelle, New York
1947 births
2006 deaths |
4034624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity%20Episcopal%20Church | Trinity Episcopal Church | Trinity Episcopal Church may refer to various buildings and their congregations in the United States:
Alabama
Trinity Episcopal Church (Mobile, Alabama), 1845, the first large Gothic Revival church built in Alabama
Arkansas
Trinity Episcopal Church (Pine Bluff, Arkansas), 1866, also known as St. John's Parish
Trinity Episcopal Church (Searcy, Arkansas), 1902
California
Trinity Episcopal Church (Santa Barbara, California), 1866
Delaware
Trinity Episcopal Church (Wilmington, Delaware), 1890
District of Columbia
Trinity Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.), 1851, razed in 1936
Florida
Trinity Episcopal Church (Apalachicola, Florida), 1839, originally known as Christ Church
Trinity Episcopal Church (Melrose, Florida), 1886, an historic Carpenter Gothic Episcopal church
Trinity Parish (St. Augustine, Florida), 1834, the oldest Protestant church in Florida
Georgia
Trinity Episcopal Church (Columbus, Georgia), 1891
Idaho
Trinity Episcopal Church (Gooding, Idaho), 1907, on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho
Trinity Episcopal Church (Pocatello, Idaho), 1987
Illinois
Trinity Episcopal Church (Wheaton, Illinois), 1881, a historical Gothic Revival Episcopal church
Indiana
Trinity Episcopal Church (Bloomington, Indiana), 1905, a church in the Episcopal Diocese of Indianapolis
Trinity Episcopal Church (Fort Wayne, Indiana), 1865
Iowa
Trinity Episcopal Church (Iowa City, Iowa), 1871
Trinity Episcopal Church (Muscatine, Iowa), 1854
Trinity Episcopal Church (Ottumwa, Iowa), 1985, in the Fifth Street Bluff Historic District
Kansas
Trinity Episcopal Church (Atchison, Kansas), 1866
Kentucky
Trinity Episcopal Church (Covington, Kentucky), 1857
Trinity Episcopal Church (Danville, Kentucky), 1830
Trinity Episcopal Church (Owensboro, Kentucky)
Louisiana
Trinity Episcopal Church (Cheyneyville, Louisiana), 1860
Massachusetts
Trinity Episcopal Church (Lenox, Massachusetts), 1888
Trinity Episcopal Church (Melrose, Massachusetts), 1886
Maine
Trinity Episcopal Church (Lewiston, Maine), 1879
Michigan
Trinity Episcopal Church (Caro, Michigan), 1881
Trinity Episcopal Church (Detroit), 1890
Trinity Episcopal Church (Houghton, Michigan), 1910
Minnesota
Trinity Episcopal Church (Litchfield, Minnesota), 1871
Trinity Episcopal Church (St. Charles, Minnesota), 1874
Trinity Episcopal Church (Stockton, Minnesota), 1859
Mississippi
Trinity Episcopal Church (Hattiesburg, Mississippi), 1912
Missouri
Trinity Episcopal Church (Independence, Missouri), 1881
Trinity Episcopal Church (Kirksville, Missouri), 1917
Trinity Episcopal Church (St. Louis, Missouri), 1885, moved 1910
New Jersey
Trinity Episcopal Church (Woodbridge, New Jersey), c. 1717
New York
Trinity Episcopal Church (Ashland, New York), 1879
Trinity Episcopal Church (Buffalo, New York), 1886
Trinity Episcopal Church (Claverack, New York), 1901
Trinity Episcopal Church-Fairfield, Fairfield, New York, 1808
Trinity Church (Manhattan), 1839-46, on Broadway near Wall Street, also known as Trinity Episcopal Church
Trinity Episcopal Church Complex (Mount Vernon, New York), 1857
Trinity Episcopal Church (Potsdam, New York), 1835
Trinity Episcopal Church Complex (Saugerties, New York), 1831
Trinity Episcopal Church (Syracuse, New York), 1914, now known as the Faith by Love Church
Trinity Episcopal Church and Parish House (Watertown, New York), 1889
North Carolina
Trinity Episcopal Church (Chocowinity, North Carolina), 1826
Trinity Episcopal Church (Mount Airy, North Carolina), 1896
Trinity Episcopal Church (Scotland Neck, North Carolina), 1855
Ohio
Trinity Episcopal Church (Columbus, Ohio), 1866
Trinity Episcopal Church (McArthur, Ohio), 1882
Trinity Episcopal Church (Toledo, Ohio), 1863
Oregon
Trinity Episcopal Church (Ashland, Oregon), 1894
Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (Portland, Oregon), 1906
Trinity Episcopal Church (Bend, Oregon), 1929
Pennsylvania
Old Trinity Church (Episcopal), 1711, in what was Oxford Township, now Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania),1875
Rhode Island
Trinity Church (Newport, Rhode Island), 1726
South Carolina
Trinity Episcopal Church and Cemetery, Abbeville, South Carolina, 1860
Trinity Episcopal Church (Charleston County, South Carolina), 1876, on Edisto Island
Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (Columbia, South Carolina), 1847, formerly Trinity Episcopal Church
South Dakota
Trinity Episcopal Church (Groton, South Dakota), 1884
Tennessee
Trinity Episcopal Church (Clarksville, Tennessee), 1875
Trinity Episcopal Church (Winchester, Tennessee), 1872
Texas
Trinity Episcopal Church (Houston), 1919
Virginia
Trinity Episcopal Church (Portsmouth, Virginia), 1830
Trinity Episcopal Church (Staunton, Virginia), 1855
Washington
Trinity Parish Episcopal Church (Seattle), 1902
West Virginia
Trinity Episcopal Church (Parkersburg, West Virginia), 1878
Wisconsin
Trinity Episcopal Church (Oshkosh, Wisconsin), 1887
See also
Trinity Church (disambiguation)
Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (disambiguation)
Trinity Memorial Episcopal Church (disambiguation)
Trinity Methodist Church (disambiguation)
Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church (disambiguation)
Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church (disambiguation) |
4034625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1984 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Defending champion John McEnroe successfully defended his title, defeating Jimmy Connors in the final, 6–1, 6–1, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1984 Wimbledon Championships. It was his third Wimbledon title. The final was for a long time referred to as the greatest display in the history of tennis; it lasted only 80 minutes and McEnroe made just four unforced errors during the entire match (none in the first set).
This was the first major appearance for future six-time champion Boris Becker; he would go on to win the Wimbledon title the following year.
Seeds
John McEnroe (champion)
Ivan Lendl (semifinals)
Jimmy Connors (final)
Mats Wilander (second round)
Jimmy Arias (fourth round)
Andrés Gómez (quarterfinals)
Yannick Noah (withdrew)
José Luis Clerc (withdrew)
Henrik Sundström (second round)
Anders Järryd (first round)
Kevin Curren (fourth round)
Johan Kriek (fourth round)
Tomáš Šmíd (quarterfinals)
Bill Scanlon (fourth round)
Vitas Gerulaitis (fourth round)
Tim Mayotte (fourth round)
Yannick Noah and José Luis Clerc withdrew due to injury and illness respectively. They were replaced in the draw by Qualifier Paul Annacone and Lucky loser Claudio Mezzadri respectively.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1984 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20Episcopal%20Church | Grace Episcopal Church | Grace Episcopal Church, or variants thereof, may refer to the following:
United States
(by state then city)
Alabama
Grace Episcopal Church (Anniston, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Calhoun County, Alabama
Grace Episcopal Church (Clayton, Alabama), listed on the NRHP in Barbour County, Alabama
Grace Episcopal Church (Mount Meigs, Alabama), listed on the NRHP in Montgomery County, Alabama
Arkansas
Grace Episcopal Church (Wynne, Arkansas)
California
Grace Episcopal Church (Boulder Creek, California)
Grace Episcopal Church (St. Helena, California)
Colorado
Grace Episcopal Church (Buena Vista, Colorado), listed on the NRHP in Chaffee County, Colorado
Grace and St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Grace Episcopal Church (Georgetown, Colorado), NRHP-listed, in Clear Creek County
Florida
Grace Episcopal Church and Guild Hall (Port Orange, Florida),
Indiana
Grace Episcopal Church (Muncie, Indiana), located in Delaware County, Indiana, is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Indianapolis
Illinois
Grace Episcopal Church (Chicago)
Grace Episcopal Church (Galena, Illinois)
Grace Episcopal Church (Oak Park, Illinois)
Kentucky
Grace Episcopal Church (Hopkinsville, Kentucky), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (Paducah, Kentucky), NRHP-listed
Louisiana
Grace Episcopal Church (St. Francisville, Louisiana), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Maine
Grace Episcopal Church (Robbinston, Maine), NRHP-listed
Maryland
Grace and St. Peter's Church, Mount Vernon, Baltimore
Grace Episcopal Church (Mt. Vernon, Maryland), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Taylor's Island, Maryland), NRHP-listed
Massachusetts
Grace Episcopal Church (Amherst, Massachusetts)
Grace Episcopal Church (Lawrence, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Grace Episcopal Church (Medford, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Michigan
Grace Episcopal Church in East Grand Rapids, Michigan
Grace Episcopal Church (Jonesville, Michigan), listed on the NRHP in Michigan
Grace Episcopal Church (Mount Clemens, Michigan)
Grace Episcopal Church in Traverse City, Michigan
Mississippi
Grace Episcopal Church (Rosedale, Mississippi), listed on the NRHP in Bolivar County, Mississippi
Missouri
Grace Episcopal Church (Chillicothe, Missouri)
Grace Episcopal Church (Kirkwood, Missouri), listed on the NRHP in St. Louis County, Missouri
New Jersey
Grace Episcopal Church (Plainfield, New Jersey), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (Madison, New Jersey)
Grace Church (Newark)
New Hampshire
Grace Episcopal Church (Manchester, New Hampshire), listed on the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places
New York
Grace Church (Manhattan), an Episcopal Parish church in New York City
Grace Church (Nyack, New York)
Grace Episcopal Church (Bronx, New York), located on City Island, listed on the NRHP in Bronx County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Lyons, New York), listed on the NRHP in Wayne County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church (Middletown, New York), listed on the NRHP in Orange County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Queens), listed on the NRHP in Queens County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church (Syracuse, New York), listed on the NRHP in Onondaga County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church (Waverly, New York), listed on the NRHP in Tioga County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church (Whitney Point, New York), listed on the NRHP in Broome County, New York
North Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church, Morganton, North Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church (Lexington, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Davidson County, North Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church (Trenton, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Jones County, North Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church (Weldon, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Halifax County, North Carolina
North Dakota
Grace Episcopal Church (Jamestown, North Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Stutsman County, North Dakota
Grace Episcopal Church (Minnewaukan, North Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Benson County, North Dakota
Grace Episcopal Church (Pembina, North Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Pembina County, North Dakota
Ohio
Grace Church (Cincinnati, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Cincinnati, Ohio
Grace Episcopal Church (Sandusky, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Erie County, Ohio
Oregon
Grace Episcopal Church (Astoria, Oregon)
South Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church (Charleston, South Carolina)
South Dakota
Grace Episcopal Church (Huron, South Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Beadle County, South Dakota
Tennessee
Grace Episcopal Church (Memphis, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Shelby County, Tennessee
Grace Episcopal Church (Spring Hill, Tennessee), NRHP-listed
Texas
Grace Episcopal Church (Cuero, Texas), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (Galveston, Texas), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (Georgetown, Texas), formerly NRHP-listed and now known as Grace Heritage Center
Virginia
Grace Episcopal Church (Alexandria, Virginia)
Grace Episcopal Church (Keswick, Virginia)
Grace Episcopal Church (Kilmarnock, Virginia)
Christ and Grace Episcopal Church (Petersburg, Virginia)
Washington, D.C.
Grace Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.)
Wisconsin
Grace Episcopal Church (Madison, Wisconsin), listed on the NRHP in Dane County, Wisconsin
Grace Episcopal Church (Sheboygan, Wisconsin)
See also
Grace Church (disambiguation) |
4034633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Mark%27s%20Episcopal%20Church | St. Mark's Episcopal Church | St. Mark's Episcopal Church and variations may refer to:
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Hope, Arkansas)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Glendale, California)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Berkeley, California)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Cocoa, Florida)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Haines City, Florida)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Palatka, Florida)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Starke, Florida)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Louisville, Kentucky)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Shreveport, Louisiana)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Augusta, Maine)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Highland, Maryland)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Kingston, Maryland)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Lappans, Maryland)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Perryville, Maryland)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Boston, Massachusetts)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Worcester, Massachusetts)
St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral (Minneapolis), Minnesota
St. Mark's Episcopal Chapel (Corinna Township, Minnesota)
Saint Mark's Episcopal Church (Raymond, Mississippi)
St. Mark's Pro-Cathedral (Hastings, Nebraska)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Tonopah, Nevada)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Ashland, New Hampshire)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (West Orange, New Jersey)
Saint Mark's Episcopal Church (Chelsea, New York)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Fort Montgomery, New York)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Green Island, New York)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Hoosick Falls, New York)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Mt. Kisco, New York)
Saint Mark's and Saint John's Episcopal Church, Rochester, New York
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Halifax, North Carolina)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Huntersville, North Carolina)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Wadsworth, Ohio)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Philadelphia)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Pinewood, South Carolina)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (San Antonio, Texas)
St. Mark's Cathedral (Salt Lake City)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Alexandria, Virginia)
St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral, Seattle
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (St. Albans, West Virginia)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Beaver Dam, Wisconsin)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Guild Hall and Vicarage, Oconto, Wisconsin
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Cheyenne, Wyoming)
See also
St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral (disambiguation)
St. Mark's Church (disambiguation) |
4034639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Paul%27s%20Church | St. Paul's Church | St. Paul's Church or St Paul's Church or any variation thereof may refer to:
Belgium
St. Paul's Church, Antwerp
Canada
St. Paul's, Bloor Street, Toronto, Ontario
St. Paul's Church (Halifax), Canada's oldest Protestant church
St. Paul's Eastern United Church, Ottawa, Ontario
St. Paul's Presbyterian Church (Leaskdale), Ontario
St. Paul's Anglican Church (Dawson City), a National Historic Site of Canada
China
St. Paul's Church, Nanjing
Denmark
St. Paul's Church, Aarhus
St. Paul's Church, Bornholm
St. Paul's Church, Copenhagen
St. Paul's Church, Hadsten
France
St. Paul's Church, Strasbourg
Germany
St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main, location of the 1849 Frankfurt Constitution
Paulinerkirche, Leipzig, a destroyed church in Leipzig
India
St. Paul's Church, Bangalore
St. Paul's Church, Diu, a Portuguese colonial church in Diu
St. Paul's Church, Landour, an Anglican church in Landour Cantonment, Uttarakhand State
St. Paul's Church, Mangalore
Indonesia
St. Paul's Church, Jakarta, another name for Gereja Paulus Jakarta
Ireland
St. Paul's Church, Banagher, County Offaly
St. Paul's Church, Bray, County Wicklow
St. Paul's Church, Dublin
St. Paul's Church, Mullingar
Italy
St. Paul's Church, Brugherio
St. Paul's Church, Mirabello
St. Paul's Within the Walls, Rome
Macao
Ruins of St. Paul's, the ruins of what was the 17th-century Cathedral of St. Paul, also called the St Paul's Church, in Macao
Malaysia
St. Paul's Church, Malacca
Malta
St Paul's Church, Cospicua
Collegiate church of St Paul, Rabat
St Paul's Church, Munxar
St Paul's Church, Safi
Collegiate Parish Church of St Paul's Shipwreck, Valletta
Monaco
St. Paul Church, Monaco
New Zealand
Old St Paul's, Wellington
St Paul's Church, Auckland
Norway
Paulus Church, Oslo
Pakistan
St. Paul's Church, Manora, Karachi
St. Paul's Church, Rawalpindi
Portugal
St Paul's Church, Braga
Singapore
St. Paul's Church, Singapore, an Anglican church located in Kovan, Singapore
Sri Lanka
St. Paul's Church, Kandy
St. Paul's Church, Milagiriya
Sweden
St. Paul's Church, Mariatorget, Stockholm
Switzerland
St. Paul's Church, Basel
St. Paul's Church, Bern
Syria
Chapel of Saint Paul, Damascus
Turkey
Saint Paul's Church, Tarsus
United Kingdom
England
St Paul's Cathedral, London
Old St Paul's Cathedral, London
St Paul's Church, Adlington, Lancashire
Old St Peter and St Paul's Church, Albury, Surrey
St Paul's Church, Bedford, Bedfordshire
St Peter and St Paul's Church, Bolton-by-Bowland, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Boughton, Chester
St Paul's, Bow Common, London
St Paul's Church, Brighton
St Paul's Church, Bristol
St Paul's Church, Brookhouse, Lancashire
St Paul's, Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire
St Paul's Church, Bury, Greater Manchester
St Paul's, Cambridge, Cambridgeshie
St Paul's Church, Clapham, London
St Paul's Church, Constable Lee, Lancashire
St Paul's, Covent Garden, London (also known as the 'Actors' Church')
St Paul's, Deptford, London
St Paul's Church, Dover, Kent
St Paul's Church, East Ham, London
St Paul's Church, Farington, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Gulworthy, Devon
St Paul's, Hammersmith, London
St Paul's Church, Harringay, London
St Paul's Church, Helsby, Cheshire
Old St Paul's Church, Hoddlesden, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Hooton, Cheshire
St Paul's Church, Kewstoke, Somerset
St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, London
St Paul's Church, Lindale, Cumbria
Church of St Paul, Liverpool, Merseyside
St Paul's Church, Longridge, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Macclesfield, Cheshire
St Paul's Church, Marston, Cheshire (demolished)
St James' and St Paul's Church, Marton, Cheshire
St Paul's Church, New Southgate, London
St Paul's Church, Newport, Isle of Wight
St Paul's Church, Over Tabley, Cheshire
St Paul's Church, Oxford
St Paul's Church, Preston, Lancashire
St Peter and St Paul's Church, Preston Deanery, Northamptonshire
St Paul's Church, Rusthall, Kent
St Paul's Church, Salisbury, Wiltshire
St Paul's Church, Seacombe, Merseyside
St Paul's Church, Scotforth, Lancaster, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Shadwell, London
St Paul's Church, Stamford, Lincolnshire
St Paul's Church, Gatten, Shanklin, Isle of Wight
St Paul's Church and Centre, Norton Lees, Sheffield, Yorkshire
St Paul's Church, Wordsworth Avenue, Sheffield, Yorkshire
St Paul's Church, Skelmersdale, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Tintagel, Cornwall
Church of St Paul with St Luke, Tranmere, Merseyside
St Paul's Church, West Derby, Liverpool, Merseyside
St Paul's Church, Winlaton, Tyne and Wear
St Paul's Church, Witherslack, Cumbria
St Paul Parish Church, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria
St Paul and St Stephen's Church, Gloucester, Gloucestershire
Scotland
St Paul's Church, Perth
St Paul's Parish Church, Edinburgh
Old St. Paul's, Edinburgh
Wales
St Paul's Church, Colwyn Bay, North Wales
St Paul's Church, Grangetown, Cardiff
St Paul's Church, Newport, Wales
Isle of Man
St Paul's, Ramsey, Isle of Man, one of Isle of Man's Registered Buildings
United States
Colorado
St. Paul's Church (Marble, Colorado)
District of Columbia
Church of St. Paul's, K Street (Washington, D.C.)
Saint Paul African Union Methodist Church
St. Paul's Lutheran Church (Washington, D.C.)
Florida
Basilica of St. Paul (Daytona Beach, Florida)
Georgia
St. Paul United Methodist Church (Atlanta)
Saint Paul's Church (Augusta, Georgia)
Illinois
St. Paul Catholic Church (Highland, Illinois)
Iowa
St. Paul's Catholic Church (Burlington, Iowa)
St. Paul United Methodist Church (Cedar Rapids, Iowa)
St. Paul Lutheran Church (Davenport, Iowa)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Durant, Iowa)
Cathedral Church of Saint Paul (Des Moines)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Harlan, Iowa)
Maryland
Saint Paul Catholic Church (Ellicott City, Maryland)
St. Paul's Parish Church (Brandywine, Maryland)
St. Paul's Chapel (Crownsville, Maryland)
St. Paul's Church (Fairlee, Maryland)
Massachusetts
The Church of St. Paul (Harvard Square)
Cathedral Church of St. Paul, Boston
Saint Paul's Church, Chapel, and Parish House, Brookline
St. Paul's Church (Dedham, Massachusetts)
Missouri
St. Paul Catholic Church (Center, Missouri)
St. Paul's Church (New Melle, Missouri)
New York
St. Paul's Church (Brownville, New York)
St. Paul's Church (Chittenango, New York)
Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site, Mount Vernon
St. Paul's Church (Owego, New York)
St. Paul's Church and Cemetery (Paris Hill, New York)
St. Paul's Chapel, New York City
North Carolina
St. Paul's Church and Cemetery (Newton, North Carolina)
Ohio
St. Paul Church (Over the Rhine), Cincinnati
St. Paul Church Historic District, Cincinnati
St. Paul Church South Bass Island, Put-in-Bay
Pennsylvania
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Exton, Pennsylvania), also known as St. Paul's Church (and listed as such on the National Register of Historic Places)
St. Paul's Church (Chester, Pennsylvania)
Rhode Island
St. Paul's Church (North Kingstown, Rhode Island)
Saint Paul Church (Cranston, Rhode Island)
Saint Paul's Church (Pawtucket, Rhode Island)
Texas
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Greenville, Texas)
Virginia
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Alexandria, Virginia)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (King George, Virginia), also known as St. Paul's Church (and listed as such on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP))
St. Paul's Church (Lynchburg, Virginia)
Saint Paul's Episcopal Church (Norfolk, Virginia), also known as Saint Paul's Church (and listed as such on the NRHP)
Saint Paul's Church (Petersburg, Virginia), NRHP-listed
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia), also known as St. Paul's Church (and listed as such on the NRHP)
St. Paul's Catholic Church (Portsmouth, Virginia)
See also
Old St. Paul's
St. Paul A.M.E. Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul the Apostle Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Catholic Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Chapel (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Church and Cemetery (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Lutheran Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Methodist Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Reformed Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Cathedral (disambiguation)
St. Peter and St. Paul's Church (disambiguation) |
4034643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammika%20Ranatunga | Dammika Ranatunga | Dammika Ranatunga (born 12 October 1962) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in two Test matches and four One Day Internationals in 1989.
He is the eldest brother of former Sri Lanka captain Arjuna Ranatunga, Sanjeeva Ranatunga, Nishantha Ranatunga, Prasanna Ranatunga and Ruwan Ranatunga
1962 births
Living people
Alumni of Ananda College
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Basnahira North cricketers
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers |
4034644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20James%20Episcopal%20Church | St. James Episcopal Church | St. James Episcopal Church, or variants thereof, may refer to:
(sorted by state, then city/town)
United States
California
St. James Episcopal Church (Sonora, California)
St. James' Episcopal Church (South Pasadena, California)
Colorado
St. James Episcopal Church (Meeker, Colorado), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Rio Blanco County
Connecticut
St. James Episcopal Church (New London, Connecticut), listed on the NRHP in New London County
Delaware
St. James' Church (Newport, Delaware)
St. James Episcopal Church, Mill Creek
Florida
St. James' Episcopal Church (Lake City, Florida)
St. James Episcopal Church (Ormond Beach, Florida)
Idaho
St. James Episcopal Church (Mountain Home, Idaho), listed on the NRHP in Elmore County
St. James Episcopal Church (Payette, Idaho), listed on the NRHP in Payette County
Illinois
St. James Episcopal Church (Lewistown, Illinois), listed on the NRHP in Fulton County
St. James Episcopal Church (McLeansboro, Illinois), listed on the NRHP in Hamilton County
Indiana
St. James Memorial Chapel (Howe, Indiana)
Iowa
St. James Episcopal Church (Oskaloosa, Iowa), listed on the NRHP in Mahaska County
Kentucky
Saint James' Episcopal Church (Pewee Valley, Kentucky)
Saint James' Episcopal Church (Prestonsburg, Kentucky)
St. James Episcopal Church (Shelbyville, Kentucky)
Louisiana
St. James Episcopal Church (Baton Rouge, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in East Baton Rouge Parish
Maine
St. James Episcopal Church (Old Town, Maine), listed on the NRHP in Penobscot County
Maryland
St James Episcopal Church (Baltimore, Maryland)
Massachusetts
St. James Episcopal Church (Amesbury, Massachusetts)
St. James Episcopal Church (Cambridge, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Middlesex County
Michigan
St. James Episcopal Church (Grosse Ile, Michigan), listed on the NRHP in Wayne County
Saint James' Episcopal Church (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan)
Minnesota
St. James Episcopal Church (Minneapolis, Minnesota), better known as "Saint James On-The-Parkway" (or "St. James OTP")
Montana
St. James Episcopal Church and Rectory (Bozeman, Montana), listed on the NRHP in Gallatin County
St. James Episcopal Church and Parish House (Lewistown, Montana), listed on the NRHP in Fergus
New York
St. James Episcopal Church (Batavia, New York)
St. James Episcopal Church (Fort Edward, New York), listed on the NRHP in Washington County
St. James Episcopal Church (Hyde Park, New York), Episcopal Diocese of New York
St. James Episcopal Church (Lake George, New York)
St. James' Episcopal Church (Manhattan)
St. James' Episcopal Church and Parish House, The Bronx, New York, listed on the NRHP in Bronx County
St. James Episcopal Church, part of the Skaneateles Historic District in Skaneateles, New York
St. James Episcopal Church (Watkins Glen, New York), listed on the NRHP in Schuyler County
North Carolina
St. James Episcopal Church and Rectory (Kittrell, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Vance County
St. James Episcopal Church (Wilmington, North Carolina), the oldest church in the city of Wilmington
Ohio
St. James Episcopal Church (Boardman, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Mahoning County
St. James Episcopal Church (Painesville, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Lake County
St. James Episcopal Church (Zanesville, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Muskingum County
Oklahoma
St. James Episcopal Church (Wagoner, Oklahoma), Oklahoma's oldest Episcopal church still in use.
Oregon
St. James Episcopal Church (Coquille, Oregon), listed on the NRHP in Coos County
Pennsylvania
St. James Episcopal Church (Muncy, Pennsylvania), listed on the NRHP in Lycoming County
Church of St. James the Less, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, National Historic Landmark
South Carolina
St. James Episcopal Church (Santee, South Carolina), in Georgetown, SC, listed on the NRHP and as an NHL in Charleston County
Tennessee
St. James Episcopal Church (Cumberland Furnace, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Dickson County
St. James Episcopal Church (Greeneville, Tennessee)
Texas
St. James Episcopal Church (La Grange, Texas), listed on the NRHP in Fayette County
Utah
St. James Episcopal Church (Midvale, Utah)
Virginia
St. James Episcopal Church (Portsmouth, Virginia)
St. James Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia)
Washington, D.C.
St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square
Wisconsin
St. James' Episcopal Church (Manitowoc, Wisconsin)
St. James Episcopal Church (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), listed on the NRHP in Milwaukee County
See also
St. James Church (disambiguation)
St. James Catholic Church (disambiguation) |
4034648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond%20process | Mond process | The Mond process, sometimes known as the carbonyl process, is a technique created by Ludwig Mond in 1890, to extract and purify nickel. The process was used commercially before the end of the 19th century, and particularly by the International Nickel Company in the Sudbury Basin. This process converts nickel oxides into nickel metal with very high purity being attainable in just a single step.
Synopsis
This process involves the fact that carbon monoxide combines with nickel readily and reversibly to give nickel carbonyl. No other element forms a carbonyl compound under the mild conditions used in the process.
This process has three steps:
1. Nickel oxide reacts with syngas at 200 °C to give nickel, together with impurities including iron and cobalt.
NiO(s) + H2(g) → Ni(s) + H2O(g)
2. The impure nickel reacts with carbon monoxide at 50–60 °C to form the gas nickel carbonyl, leaving the impurities as solids.
Ni(s) + 4 CO(g) → Ni(CO)4(g)
3. The mixture of nickel carbonyl and syngas is heated to 220–250 °C, resulting in decomposition back to nickel and carbon monoxide:
Ni(CO)4(g) → Ni(s) + 4 CO(g)
Steps 2 and 3 illustrate a chemical transport reaction, exploiting the properties that (1) carbon monoxide and nickel readily combine to give a volatile complex and (2) this complex degrades back to nickel and carbon monoxide at higher temperatures. The decomposition may be engineered to produce powder, but more commonly an existing substrate is coated with nickel. For example, nickel pellets are made by dropping small, hot pellets through the carbonyl gas; this deposits a layer of nickel onto the pellets.
This process has also been used for plating nickel onto other metals, where a complex shape or sharp corners have made precise results difficult to achieve by electroplating. Although the results are good, the toxicity makes it impractical as an industrial process. Such parts are now plated by electroless nickel plating instead.
See also
Carbonyl metallurgy
Crystal bar process
References
Further reading
Miessler, Gary L. (2014). Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Pearson. p. 492
Chemical processes
Nickel |
4034649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20J.%20Callan | Thomas J. Callan | Thomas Joseph Callan (July 12, 1853 – May 5, 1908) was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his bravery during the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876.
Biography
Callan was born in County Louth, Ireland on July 12, 1853, and joined the US Army in March 1876.
He had served just three months as a Private in Company B, 7th United States Cavalry, at the time of his actions. He received the Medal of Honor for his bravery at the Battle of Little Big Horn, Montana Territory, on June 25, and June 26, 1876. His medal was issued on October 24, 1896.
He died on May 5, 1908, and was buried in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, East Orange, New Jersey.
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 7th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date. At Little Big Horn, Mont., 25-June 26, 1876. Entered service at: Boston, Mass. Birth: Ireland. Date of issue: October 24, 1896.
Citation:
Volunteered and succeeded in obtaining water for the wounded of the command; also displayed conspicuously good conduct in assistlng (sic) to drive away the Indians.
See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars
Notes
References
1853 births
1908 deaths
People from County Louth
19th-century Irish people
Irish soldiers in the United States Army
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People of the Great Sioux War of 1876
United States Army soldiers
Irish-born Medal of Honor recipients
American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (East Orange, New Jersey) |
4034652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadah | Yadah | Yadah is the third person singular qal form of the Hebrew language verbal root ydh. Depending on its conjugation, it carries a range of meanings involving throwing or praising.
In the qal form, it describes the "shooting" of arrows in Jeremiah 50:14.
The piel form means "throwing" (as in throwing stones at a person, in Lamentations 3:53) or "casting down" ("the horns of the nations," in Zechariah 2:4).
In the hiphil form, it normally means "praising" (usually in the context of ritual worship) and occasionally for confessing one's sins.
The hitpael form has a similar range of meanings, but the word most often means "confession" and less commonly "praise".
References
Hebrew words and phrases |
4034653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RampART | RampART | rampART was a squatted social centre in the Whitechapel area of east London. It was established in a derelict building in Rampart Street which was previously used as an Islamic school for girls.
The centre operated as a private members club providing a space for a wide range of groups to carry out their activities. It was managed by volunteers without any funding and with a strong emphasis on consensus decision making and DIY culture.
The centre was variously known as rampART Social Centre, rampART creative centre and social space, or more commonly as rampART.
The centre lost a court case brought by the owner and awaited eviction from 3 January 2008. It was finally evicted on 15 October 2009.
Developments at rampART
At the 2009 G-20 London summit protests police raided squats occupied by protesters including the one on Rampart Street where the police believed people involved in violent disorder were staying. There was around 20 people in it. Four from Rampart were arrested on 2 April 2009.
On 15 October 2009 rampART was evicted. Rampart reported on its own Wordpress social media blog page that 45 police officers, several bailiffs and a priest were present, and a chainsaw was used to enter the building and climbers also used the roof as a means of access.
Background
rampART was opened in 2004. and was located at 15 to 17 Rampart Street, London E1 2LA. The project was initiated by a mixture of artists, community groups and political activists. Within the first year, the building had hosted over 100 cultural and political events.
The centre was run by an open collective as an autonomous space. It was open to all on the basis of equality for all. Projects were run on an entirely voluntary basis by the people involved. They were not charity workers or social workers. The projects were run in the spirit of co-operation, solidarity and mutual aid. It was not a commercial enterprise run for profit—instead it was funded day-to-day by donations given by users, or by raising funds through benefit events such as gigs, cafés or film nights.
Gatherings
During the Hugo Chávez referendum there was a week-long ‘Venezuela Solidarity’ event.
During the European Social Forum rampART accommodated over 50 European visitors as well as laying on free food and a range of entertainment.
No Border network presented an exhibition in 2009 by French photographer Julie Rebouillat about migrants sleeping rough in Calais.
WANC (Women's Anarchic Nuisance Café) took place on a monthly basis.
A talk by indigenous Mexican activists on behalf of peasant farmers.
See also
Self-managed social centres in the United Kingdom
Sources
"ESF radio from rampart" written 14 October 2004, retrieved 7 June 2006.
References
External links
Announcement of first opening
rampART at the European Social Forum
Social centres in the United Kingdom
DIY culture
Cultural organisations based in London
Entertainment in London
Infoshops
Evicted squats
Squats in the United Kingdom
Whitechapel
2004 establishments in England
2009 disestablishments in England |
4034679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charith%20Senanayake | Charith Senanayake | Charith Panduka Senanayake (born 19 December 1962) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and businessman. He played in three Test matches and seven One Day Internationals from 1990 to 1991. He also served as manager of Sri Lanka national cricket team for a considerable period of time. He also played professional cricket in Kenya representing Mombasa Sports Club. He has also worked as an expertise in marketing in several positions including marketing manager of Macwoods Ltd in Sri Lanka, marketing consultant of Tea Tang Ltd in Sri Lanka, general manager of LAB International Ltd in Kenya and CEO of Afri Bridge Trade Exporters in Kenya.
Career
He pursued his primary and secondary education at the Ananda College where he also played school cricket and also featured in popular school Big Match Ananda–Nalanda (involving arch-rivals Ananda College and Nalanda College).
He played in domestic cricket competitions representing Colombo Cricket Club and his first-class playing career spanned for about a decade between 1982-83 season to the 1993-94 season. Charith made his ODI debut on 21 December 1990 against Pakistan at the 1990–91 Sharjah Cup.
He received his maiden test call up for the tour of New Zealand in 1990 and subsequently made his test debut on 31 January 1991 against New Zealand at Wellington where he scored duck on debut while opening the batting. He then went onto score his maiden test half-century in his second test during the second test match of the series against New Zealand. He scored 64 opening the batting alongside debutant Chandika Hathurusingha and the duo added 95 runs for the opening wicket. He was then dropped from the Sri Lankan test team after the third test of the series as he only scored 97 runs during the three match test cricket in the tour of New Zealand and it also marked his only test series of his career. Roshan Mahanama and Chandika Hathurusingha subsequently secured their positions as openers in test team which left no room for Charith to regain his place in the side.
He then moved to Kenya in 1998 due to lack of opportunities in Sri Lanka in order to pursue his cricketing career. In December 1998, he won the Best All-Round Award in Kenya's Coastal Province and was also recognized for his captaincy steering Mombasa Sports Club to win their maiden CCA Postel Knockout Trophy. He has also worked as coach of Colombo Cricket Club in two occasions just prior to his migration to Kenya. He also worked as a television commentator for a brief stint.
After his retirement from professional cricket, he became the head of Sri Lanka Cricket's marketing unit and served in the post from 2008 to 2011. He was also appointed as the team manager of Sri Lanka men's cricket team in 2008 replacing Hashan Tillakaratne following the intervention of the then Sports minister Gamini Lokuge. It was revealed that he had lived in Kenya for about ten years primarily involved in tea plantation and worked for a British tea company based in Kenya. He was appointed as team manager when he was on the holiday to Sri Lanka.
In February 2012, he was again appointed as team manager replacing Anura Tennekoon. He then resigned from the position of team manager in 2013 and was subsequently replaced by Michael de Zoysa.
However, he was once again reinstated as the team manager of Sri Lankan team in April 2016 following the end two year tenure of Michael de Zoysa. In December 2016, he was replaced by Ranjit Fernando as the manager of Sri Lankan team on a rotational basis for the tours of South Africa and Australia. He again became the team manager in July 2018 for the fourth time replacing Asanka Gurusinha.
In November 2018, he again resigned as the team manager in wake of Sri Lanka's humiliating defeat against England at Galle in first of the three match test series and was subsequently replaced by Jeryl Woutersz. In 2020, he was roped in by Burgher Recreation Club as director of coaching.
In June 2021, he was appointed as the chairman of the LPL Technical Committee for the 2021 Lanka Premier League.
Controversies
In February 2013, he was unceremoniously sacked from the position of team manager of Sri Lankan national team just a month before the expiration of his contract with SLC. He was accused then for his allegedly leaking a personal letter from the then national team captain Mahela Jayawardene to the media in which Mahela claimed that he had lost all his confidence in SLC. Senanayake along with Jayawardene were accused of breaching the contract with SLC and their actions were reviewed by SLC.
In November 2018, he was made scapegoat for Sri Lanka's decline in international cricket which was primarily due to the internal affairs within the Sri Lanka Cricket Board and he subsequently resigned due to poor performances of the national cricket team. He had revealed that Sri Lankan cricket would be placed in a situation like the Kenyan cricket team in the future.
In 2016, he was accused of involving in a brawl with veteran Sri Lankan spinner Muttiah Muralitharan over the appointment of Muralitharan as the spin bowling consultant for Australia national cricket team by Cricket Australia prior to the start of the three match test series between Sri Lanka and Australia. Charith alleged Muralitharan for possibly influencing the pitch curator to prepare a turning pitch to suit Australian spinners Nathan Lyon and Steve O'Keefe at the P. Sara Oval during one of Australia's practice matches.
References
External links
1962 births
Living people
Sri Lankan cricketers
Sri Lankan businesspeople
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Kenyan cricketers
Kenyan businesspeople
Colombo Cricket Club cricketers
Cricketers from Colombo
Alumni of Ananda College
Sri Lankan cricket commentators
Sri Lankan cricket coaches |
4034692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Boris Becker defeated Kevin Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. He became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles title, as well as the youngest ever male major singles champion at of age. This latter record would eventually be broken by Michael Chang at the 1989 French Open.
John McEnroe was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinals and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe at the same major.
Seeds
John McEnroe (quarterfinals)
Ivan Lendl (fourth round)
Jimmy Connors (semifinals)
Mats Wilander (first round)
Anders Järryd (semifinals)
Pat Cash (second round)
Joakim Nyström (third round)
Kevin Curren (final)
Johan Kriek (third round)
Aaron Krickstein (first round)
Yannick Noah (third round)
Miloslav Mečíř (first round)
Eliot Teltscher (second round)
Stefan Edberg (fourth round)
Tomáš Šmíd (second round)
Tim Mayotte (fourth round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet%20Theater | Magnet Theater | The Magnet Theater is an improvisational comedy theatre and improv school in New York City.
The Magnet Theater was founded in March 2005 by Armando Diaz, Ed Herbstman and Shannon Manning. Diaz, Manning and Herbstman were friends from Chicago, where they studied under improv guru Del Close at Improv Olympic. Diaz also co-founded the Peoples Improv Theater (PIT), where Herbstman taught. Armando Diaz and Sean Taylor currently own and operate Magnet Theater.
The Magnet offers performance and writing classes to people of all experience levels.
The Magnet is also home to the New York Musical Improv Festival founded by T.J. Mannix and Co-Produced by Robin Rothman. Celebrating its 11th annual event virtually in July 2020, NYMIF brings together hundreds of musical improvisors and musicians from Austin to Boston, Chicago to L.A., Toronto to Vancouver and beyond. Performers have included Baby Wants Candy, Broadway's Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson, The Improvised Sondheim Project, members of Freestyle Love Supreme and North Coast.
Many Magnet instructors and performers write and lend their voices to The Truth.
See also
Peoples Improv Theater
Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre
References
External links
Magnet Theater
Theatres in Manhattan
Performance art in New York City
Improvisational theatre
Chelsea, Manhattan |
4034703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quik%20Is%20the%20Name | Quik Is the Name | Quik Is The Name is the debut studio album by American hip hop artist and producer DJ Quik, released by Profile Records on January 15, 1991. Production was mainly handled by DJ Quik along with his executive producers Courtney Branch and Tracy Kendrick. Recording sessions took place throughout 1990 at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California, with a production budget of $30,000.
The album debuted and peaked at #29 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling over 50,000 copies in its first week in America. The album was certified Gold 4 months after its release on May 30, 1991 and Platinum 4 years later on July 26, 1995. , the album has sold over 1,068,203 copies in United States.
Background
DJ Quik was signed by Profile Records in the summer of 1990, after they heard his 1987 mixtape "The Red Tape". He was the most expensive signee that Profile had ever acquired and was also the first artist to have got a six figure deal on the label. Quik revealed to Vibe (magazine) that "Quik Is The Name was originally supposed to be a mixtape that I was going to sell in the ‘hood. I recorded it on a Tascam four-track. I did all the over-dubs, all the blending, and mixed it down on one of those Maxell metal tapes they used to sell. But along comes Dave from Profile Records looking for me like, ‘Hey dude, I heard your cassette, man. Come sign with us.’ [laughs] There was a bidding war between Fred Munao at Select Records and Cory Robbins and Profile. Cory ultimately ended up beating Fred out and I signed with Profile."
Recording
In an interview Quik revealed, that Profile Records gave him a $30,000 budget to mix the record over. He said: "If you do the math: a $1000 a-day studio…if we get Quik is the Name done in less than a month, that’s more money in my pocket. So we got it done in 17 days. We dumped everything out of the SP-1200, brought the turntables into the studio, scratched all the hooks, did all the overdubs and brought in a bass guitar player to fatten up the sound because we would lose a lot of the bass from sampling. We recorded some of the album at Westlake Recording Studios in Santa Monica, which is where Michael Jackson did Thriller. It was a trip being in there mixing "Tonite" on those big boards knowing that Michael was coming in and out of there". The "Tonite" synth was programmed by LA Dream Team's former member and producer, The Real Richie Rich.
Singles
The album's lead single, "Born and Raised in Compton", was released on December 4, 1990. It peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and spent 14 weeks on the chart. The album's second single, "Tonite" was released on June 10, 1991. It peaked at number 49 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 3 on the US Rap Songs chart. The song became his most successful and highest charting single to date. The album's third and final single, "Quik Is The Name", was released on November 11, 1991. The single did not manage to chart.
Critical response
Alex Henning of Rhapsody wrote that "Quik's debut set the groundwork for the G-funk era, largely due to the success of "Tonite." Much like Warren G, Quik focuses less on violence and more on mind-altering substances, ladies and cold chillin'. The optimistic "Born and Raised in Compton" offers a remedy to the hard life in the ghetto. Alex Henderson of Allmusic rated the album with 4/5 stars and wrote "in 1991 begged the question: does rap really need yet another gangsta rapper? Indeed, by that time, rap had become saturated with numerous soundalike gangsta rappers -- most of whom weren't even a fraction as interesting as such pioneers of the style as Ice-T, N.W.A, and Schoolly D. Nonetheless, rapper/producer Quik turned out to be more noteworthy than most of the gangsta rappers who debuted that year. Lyrically, the former gang member (who grew up in the same L.A. ghetto as N.W.A, Compton) doesn't provide any major insights. His sex/malt liquor/gang-banging imagery was hardly groundbreaking in 1991. But his hooks, beats, and grooves (many of which owe a debt to 1970s soul and funk) are likeable enough.
Kendrick Lamar named it as his favorite album of all time.
Accolades
Quik Is The Name appeared on several critics' top albums lists. In 1998, the album was listed on The Source's list of the 100 greatest Rap albums of all time list. The album was listed at number 28 of "The 50 Greatest Debut Albums in Hip-Hop History" by Complex. In 2022, Rolling Stone included the album in their list of The 200 Greatest Hip-Hop Albums of All Time at 156.
Track listing
signifies an additional producer.
Personnel
Credits for Quik Is the Name adapted from Allmusic.
2nd II None - vocals
AMG - vocals
Courtney Branch - engineer, executive producer, mixing, producer
Hi-C - vocals
Greg Jessie - executive producer
The Real Richie Rich - engineer, synth programmer
Stan Jones - bass, guitar
Tracy Kendrick - engineer, executive producer, mixing, producer
DJ Quik - keyboards, mixing, producer
Joe Shay - engineer
Liz Sroka - engineer
Howie Weinberg - mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
1991 debut albums
DJ Quik albums
Albums produced by Courtney Branch
Albums produced by DJ Quik
Profile Records albums
Hip hop albums by American artists |
4034706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapila%20Wijegunawardene | Kapila Wijegunawardene | Kapila Indaka Weerakkody Wijegunawardene (born 23 November 1964) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in two Test matches and 26 One Day Internationals from 1988 to 1992.
In his second Test match, he claimed 7 wickets in the match. He recorded his best bowling figures in an innings by claiming 4 wickets including Imran Khan, Javed Miandad, and Salem Malik in this match.
Kapila received the opportunity to represent Sri Lanka in 1992 Cricket World Cup. He went wicket-less in the two outings he got against Zimbabwe and Pakistan.
He represented Colombo Cricket Club in domestic cricket and at international level, the selectors always considered him as a limited-over player.
Later, Kapila worked as the chairman of the selectors for Sri Lanka men's national team.
1964 births
Living people
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Basnahira North cricketers
Colombo Cricket Club cricketers
Alumni of S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia |
4034708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Loring%20Jackson | Charles Loring Jackson | Charles Loring Jackson (April 4, 1847 – October 31, 1935) was the first significant organic chemist in the United States. He brought organic chemistry to the United States from Germany and educated a generation of American organic chemists.
Personal life
Charles Loring Jackson was born in Boston on April 4, 1845. He graduated from Harvard College in 1867 after studying in private schools in Boston. He joined the Harvard chemistry department as an assistant lecturer immediately after graduation and on his twenty-first birthday became an assistant professor in 1871. He was the third member of the department which consisted of Josiah Parsons Cooke and Henry Barker Hill.
In 1870, Jackson developed a chemistry course which evolved into Chemistry I, that he taught for more than forty years.
As an adult Jackson enjoyed amateur theatricals and writing poetry and romantic fiction. In retirement he enjoyed gardening at his beautiful estate in Pride's Crossing near Beverly, Massachusetts.
Learning chemistry
While studying chemistry at Harvard in 1873, Jackson had a slight attack of rheumatic fever. When he returned back to work his professor advised that he take a year's leave of absence and study in Europe. He, therefore, traveled to Heidelberg, Germany to study at Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg. There he trained under Robert Bunsen, a specialist in gas analysis and platinum metals. Although he did not intend to make organic chemistry his specialty, he also worked with the organic chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann. However, Hofmann inspired Jackson to pursue organic chemistry as a career. Jackson was known to have said that he learned to "use his mind" under Hofmann, "an activity that Bunsen rather discouraged."
During Jackson's time in Heidelberg Hofmann was writing his Faraday Lectures on Justus von Liebig and had Jackson correct his English. This was a great opportunity for Jackson to develop an intimate association with Hofmann.
In 1874 Jackson published his first paper which dealt with organic selenium compounds.
Research at Harvard
In 1875 after returning to Harvard Jackson synthesized the first new organic compound made in a Harvard laboratory, p-bromobenzyl bromide. This provided a method of producing substituted benzyl compounds with interesting results, such as a synthesis of anthracene. In the following years he developed syntheses of flavoring compounds curcumin and vanillin. He also synthesised benzine tri-sulfonic acid and developed what is now a traditional method of nitrating organic materials, preliminary sulfonation followed by nitration. In the late 1880s he discovered the reaction between highly substituted aromatic halides and malonic ester in which a halogen radical is replaced by a hydrogen, his most prolific source of scientific publications. He also did considerable work on the derivatives of o-quinone, although he missed the discovery of the parent compound by only a small margin.
The European connection
The importance of Jackson's studies in Europe to the development of the organic chemistry industry in the United States should not be underestimated. In the 1870s when Jackson traveled to Europe there literally was no organic synthesis being done in the United States either in academia or in industry. This short-coming became very evident with the advent of World War I and World War II when the supply of strategic organic materials from Germany to the United States was cut off. Had the United States been unable to quickly develop an organic synthesis capability, the outcome of the World Wars might have been quite different.
Several of Jackson's students at Harvard, Roger Adams, Farrington Daniels, Frank C. Whitmore, James B. Sumner and James Bryant Conant to name a few, were instrumental in developing organic synthesis in the United States. Some of them had traveled to Germany to study organic synthesis using the connections Jackson had established.
In Jackson's time academic research was generally quite open, resulting in an open and internationalist philosophy among scientists. The World Wars put this philosophy at odds with commonly held beliefs about national security, intellectual property, trade secrets and technology leakage.
Accomplishments
"In 1897, he received the coveted Erving professorship. He belonged to the American and the German chemical societies and the American and the British Associations for the Advancement of Science, being a corresponding member of the latter. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and to the Natural Academy of Sciences in 1883. From 1894 to 1903, he was Chairman of the Division of Chemistry. Due to his interest in the student body, he was, for fifty years, a proctor in the dormitories of the Harvard Yard--Gray 5 from 1868 to 1871 and Holsworthy II from 1871 to 1918."
Publications
Fiction
Charles Loring Jackson, The Gold Point and Other Strange Stories, Stratford Company of Boston (1926)
Scientific
Charles Loring Jackson, Biographical memoir of Henry Barker Hill, 1849-1903, National Academy of Sciences (January 1, 1905) ASIN B0008AF3CW
Charles Loring Jackson, On certain colored substances derived from nitro compounds, ASIN B0008CBY1E
Charles Loring Jackson, Charles Robert Sanger: [Biographical notice], Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, ASIN B0008CWAYE
Charles Loring Jackson, On certain nitro derivatives of the vicinal tribrombenzol, Harvard University—Chemical Laboratory Contributions, ASIN B0008CBYHS
Charles Loring Jackson, Memoir of Josiah Parsons Cooke, 1827-1894, National Academy of Sciences (January 1, 1902) ASIN B0008AF390
Charles Loring Jackson, On certain derivatives of orthobenzoquinone, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (January 1, 1900) ASIN B0008CBYIC
Charles Loring Jackson, On the action of sodic ethylate on tribromdinitrobenzol, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (January 1, 1898) ASIN B0008CBYH8
Charles Loring Jackson, On certain derivatives of symmetrical trichlorbenzol, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (January 1, 1898) ASIN B0008CBYHI
Charles Loring Jackson, On the oxide of dichlormethoxyquinone-dibenzoylmethylacetal, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (January 1, 1898) ASIN B0008CBYI2
Charles Loring Jackson, Samuel Cabot, John Wilson and Son, University Press (January 1, 1908) ASIN B0008D0U36
References
Frank C. Whitmore, Charles Loring Jackson, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 18, No. 8 (1926)
External links
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
19th-century American chemists
American science writers
American short story writers
Harvard College alumni
Harvard University faculty
Organic chemists
1847 births
1935 deaths
20th-century American chemists |
4034723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arutani%E2%80%93Sape%20languages | Arutani–Sape languages | Arutani–Sape, also known as Awake–Kaliana or Kalianan, is a proposed language family that includes two of the most poorly documented languages in South America, both of which are now extinct. They are at best only distantly related. Kaufman (1990) found a connection convincing, but Migliazza & Campbell (1988) maintained that there is no evidence for linking them. The two languages are,
Arutani (also known as Aoaqui, Auake, Auaque, Awake, Oewaku, Orotani, Uruak, Urutani)
Sape (also known as Caliana, Chirichano, Kaliana, Kariana)
Kaufman (1990) states that a further connection with Máku (Maku of Roraima/Auari) is "promising". (See Macro-Puinavean languages.)
Vocabulary
Migliazza (1978)
Migliazza (1978) gives the following Swadesh list table for Uruak, Sape, and Máku ("Maku"):
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! no. !! gloss !! Uruak !! Sape !! Máku
|-
| 1 || I || maykate/ma-/tsa- || mɨ || teːne
|-
| 2 || thou || kaykate/ka- || kapɨ || eːne
|-
| 3 || we || materya || mɨyono || teːkene
|-
| 4 || this || kiʔa || tɨsa || ki
|-
| 5 || that || ayta || tɨsami || kwa
|-
| 6 || who || maʔayokə || pante || toči
|-
| 7 || what || maya || pemente || čini
|-
| 8 || not || ãʔãy || atsam/ɨka || laʔa
|-
| 9 || all || kitate || kawen || peʔtaka
|-
| 10 || many || kaʔtyaw || kawen || eːsuʔu
|-
| 11 || one || kyoana/kyano || koka || nokuðamu
|-
| 12 || two || komana || kɨrya || baʔta
|-
| 13 || big || kwaya || konən || bote
|-
| 14 || long || šawi || karya || kaxi
|-
| 15 || small || sikipi || to || kudi
|-
| 16 || woman || kari || kapay || neːlabə
|-
| 17 || man || maʔkya || kwa || laːsəba
|-
| 18 || person || kina || kamon || dzoʔkude
|-
| 19 || fish || kotom || pə || meʔkəsa
|-
| 20 || bird || yopsa || čam || iːduba
|-
| 21 || dog || toari || to || dzoʔwi
|-
| 22 || louse || koʔka || čo || iːne
|-
| 23 || tree || šapi || tapa || oːba
|-
| 24 || seed || kuka || ku || küːte
|-
| 25 || leaf || aña || muyra || deːmu
|-
| 26 || root || aša || tu || leːmekeči
|-
| 27 || bark || kõhã || kui/kuy || čiːmu
|-
| 28 || skin || kõhã || kuy || čːmu
|-
| 29 || flesh || mitsa || mɨan || muči
|-
| 30 || blood || kaña || tsom || leːme
|-
| 31 || bone || mo || wina || aːmu
|-
| 32 || grease || wiñaya || kun || eːkünü
|-
| 33 || egg || kokama || kupi || küʔte
|-
| 34 || horn || širipya || wina || eːkatso
|-
| 35 || tail || mašya || upi || neːto
|-
| 36 || feather || oša || ičam upa || kuːte
|-
| 37 || hair || oša || pa || kuːte
|-
| 38 || head || kwate || moynaku || keːte
|-
| 39 || ear || watika || awi || čikaʔte
|-
| 40 || eye || kohap || amku || sukute
|-
| 41 || nose || wa/kwa || ayku || pi
|-
| 42 || mouth || maʔa || itu || wɨːči
|-
| 43 || tooth || ka || pɨka || wuːmu
|-
| 44 || tongue || takõhã || matu || duːte
|-
| 45 || claw || šopti || ičam aypa || sukuči
|-
| 46 || foot || šate || ikora || basuku
|-
| 47 || knee || korokopsa || mɨney || basəkate
|-
| 48 || hand || maša/mama || piča apa || suku
|-
| 49 || belly || tsya || tukuy || sɨkɨči
|-
| 50 || neck || šoropaña || pokoy || lipite
|-
| 51 || breasts || kotsa || wi || čüčü
|-
| 52 || heart || kirakote || pokowi || səbuku
|-
| 53 || liver || ika || mapi || iːsa
|-
| 54 || drink || oyta/ayta || pe || mi
|-
| 55 || eat || pa/kapa || ko/ku || ki
|-
| 56 || bite || psa/pasa || pu || bü
|-
| 57 || see || kina || mow || ku
|-
| 58 || hear || ko || man || ne
|-
| 59 || know || kina || mow || nimi
|-
| 60 || sleep || anə || paku/ku || we
|-
| 61 || die || atay || siya || kinə
|-
| 62 || kill || rio (beat) || kaya || šipinu
|-
| 63 || swim || ša || pə || lawa
|-
| 64 || fly || šan || karu || nü
|-
| 65 || walk || ma || paru || te
|-
| 66 || come || mana || ma || na
|-
| 67 || lie down || kio/taa || pɨre || ða
|-
| 68 || sit || naka || maye || sɨkɨ
|-
| 69 || stand || kara || pa || kəy
|-
| 70 || give || matso || emeyma || se
|-
| 71 || say || mataka/tsama || mo || šini/šibu
|-
| 72 || sun || uši || ñam || keʔle
|-
| 73 || moon || aʔtap || tapo || ya
|-
| 74 || star || okihat || ñayino || ðaoku
|-
| 75 || water || akohã || nam || naʔme
|-
| 76 || rain || akohã || nam posoe || naʔme
|-
| 77 || stone || muka || takuypa || liːne
|-
| 78 || sand || iñãkosa || inoku || lunükü
|-
| 79 || earth || iñã || inokučin || boʔte
|-
| 80 || cloud || karapaso || usəyna || sapənawi
|-
| 81 || smoke || šana || yui || čipe
|-
| 82 || fire || ani || šoko || nühẽ
|-
| 83 || ash || šoni || tukutu || meːte
|-
| 84 || burn || asipa || šoko || we/niʔ
|-
| 85 || path || aʔma || mu || iːkilu
|-
| 86 || mountain || piʔa || takwa || wiːke
|-
| 87 || red || araʔwi || ayña || leme
|-
| 88 || green || atehe || šanurua || nüčü
|-
| 89 || yellow || pišio || pusia || kaləmadə
|-
| 90 || white || araway || sae || kaləmate
|-
| 91 || black || sipan/soson || tsaiña || kabi/weʔči
|-
| 92 || night || tose || useyna || iːkisu
|-
| 93 || hot || kuri || ɨrɨa || we
|-
| 94 || cold || roma/kima || unkoya || antsu/mihu
|-
| 95 || full || topi || ukwa || suku
|-
| 96 || new || koma || yenkoña || asi
|-
| 97 || good || taseri || amayñakoa || kuduma/eːdi
|-
| 98 || round || siari || način || kuməsa
|-
| 99 || dry || šona || patokwa || kaːte
|-
| 100 || name || rawi || marua || entse
|}
See also
Macro-Puinavean languages
Notes
References
Hammarström, Harald. 2010. 'The status of the least documented language families in the world'. In Language Documentation & Conservation, v 4, p 183
Further reading
Armellada, Cesareo de & Baltasar de Matallana. 1942. Exploración del Paragua. Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 8, 61-110.
Coppens, Walter. 2008 [1983]. Los Uruak (Arutani). In Miguel Ángel Perera (ed.) Los aborígenes de Venezuela, 2nd edition, Volume 2, 705-737. Caracas: Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales/Instituto Caribe de Antropología y Sociología.
Rosés Labrada, Jorge Emilio, Thiago Chacon & Francia Medina. 2020. Arutani (Venezuela and Brazil) – Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description 17, 170-177. London: EL Publishing.
Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada & Francia Medina (2019). Sapé (Venezuela) — Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description, vol 16. London: EL Publishing. pp. 169-175.
Indigenous languages of Northern Amazonia
Languages of Brazil
Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
Proposed language families
Macro-Puinavean languages |
4034728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzan%20Rum | Cruzan Rum | Cruzan Rum ( ) is a rum producer in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands owned by Beam Suntory. Founded in 1760, it claims the distinction of being "the most honored rum distillery in the world." For eight generations, and through various changes in corporate ownership, it has been managed by the Nelthropp family.
Background
The distillery is also the largest supplier of American private and distributor label rum. Cruzan Rum also makes a pure cane distillate alcohol (in 189-proof), which can be found for sale in the medicine sections of many grocery stores in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Cruzan is one of two rum distilleries which, due to their place in American history, are part of the American Whiskey Trail.
Cruzan rum is made similar to a traditional Cuban style that produces an exceptionally clean, and lighter bodied rum. Although Cruzan rums generally have had mixed success at international spirit ratings competitions, the single-barrel has performed extremely well. Cruzan's most notable showing was from 2009 raters at the Beverage Testing Institute who gave it a 96 (out of 100). Proof66 rates the single-barrel amongst the Top 20 rums in the world.
Distillery
The Cruzan Rum Distillery (formerly known as Estate Diamond) has been in operation for more than 250 years. Tours of the distillery and its historic grounds including original sugar mill run 6 days a week in Frederiksted.
Rums
Cruzan 151°: aged for a minimum of one year in American oak barrels. The winner of silver medal at the 2011 San Francisco World Spirits Competition and gold medal at the 2002 Beverage Testing Institute.
Cruzan 9: spiced rum named for the 9 different herbs used to make it and also the 9 districts of St. Croix.
Cruzan Rum Cream: a blend of Cruzan light rum, pure Irish cream, caramel, vanilla and other flavors. (discontinued)
Cruzan Velvet Cinn: a traditional horchata blend of Cruzan light rum, rich dairy cream, and cinnamon.
Estate
Cruzan Estate Light: aged two years.
Cruzan Estate Dark: aged two years, available in both 80- and 151-proof.
Cruzan Estate Diamond: aged five years. Back in production - now available as both a dark and a light.
Single barrel
Cruzan Single Barrel: a blend of rums aged 5-12 years then rebarreled in new oak barrels for additional aging. The winner of double gold medals and the title "World's Best Rum" at the 2000, and 2010 San Francisco World Spirits Competition, as well as numerous other gold medals at various spirits competitions.
Black strap
Cruzan Black Strap: a heavier bodied version of Cruzan light rum with the addition of blackstrap molasses from tropical sugar cane. According to Gary Nelthropp, Master Distiller for Cruzan, there is no blackstrap molasses in the flavoring component. It is named after blackstrap molasses solely for marketing purposes.
Light rum
Cruzan Light Aged Rum is aged in oak for at least one year and then carbon filtered for clarity.
Flavored rum
Branded as Cruzan Tropical Rums, white rum blended with flavorings. Available in raspberry, coconut, mango, vanilla, pineapple, banana, black cherry, citrus, guava, key lime, passion fruit, orange, peach, blueberry lemonade and strawberry.
A watermelon variety was introduced in 2019.
References
External links
Official website
The history of Cruzan Rum
Economy of the United States Virgin Islands
American rums
Alcoholic drink brands
Beam Suntory
1760 establishments in North America
1760s establishments in the Caribbean |
4034737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta%20Youth%20Parliament | Alberta Youth Parliament | The Alberta Youth Parliament (AYP) is one of a number of provincial model youth parliaments that has its origins in the "boys work" movement of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is the oldest youth parliament in Alberta, and the longest continuously operating youth parliament in Canada. Its flagship session occurs every December in the Alberta Legislature, and it hosts a variety of smaller events throughout each year. It is open to all youths in Alberta who are between the ages of 15-21.
Overview
The central focus of the organization is its parliamentary program. The main parliamentary session occurs during the last week of December in the Alberta Legislature. Throughout each year, the parliament organizes events such as public speaking and debate, community service, and social events. The cabinet also meets throughout the year to plan events, discuss the operations of the parliament, and prepare for the annual winter session.
The parliament's goals have evolved from the TUXIS "four-fold" program to develop the mental, physical, social and spiritual well-being of its members and all youth. AYP is a non-denominational spiritual youth Parliament which recently reaffirmed its non-exclusionary spiritual foundation. It believes that exposure to different points of view encourages tolerance of varying interpretations of religion, faith, and spirituality.
Activities
AYP holds an annual session from December 26 to 31. The focus of session is the parliamentary sittings where the members learn parliamentary procedure and debate legislation on topics of interest. In addition to the parliamentary procedure and debating activities, members attending the annual session participate in various social action and devotional events.
The parliament hosts smaller events throughout the year that are tailored towards aspects such as public speaking and debate, and community service. It also partakes in a miniature session every May Long Weekend. Every second year, the four western Canadian youth parliaments participate in a joint-mini session which is hosted on a rotating basis. In its off-years, AYP hosts a normal mini-session.
AYP is a founding member of the Western Canada Youth Parliament. It was also a founding member and participant in the now-defunct Youth Parliament of Canada/Parlement jeunesse du Canada.
Organizational structure
The Executive Committee consists of the Premier, the Leader of the Opposition, the Deputy Premier, and the Deputy Leader of the Opposition (formerly known as the Alternate Leader of the Opposition). They are elected at Session by the members of the parliament and serve a one-year term. The Executive Committee is colloquially referred to as the "Front Four" and they run the parliament by appointing the Front Bench: Ministers for the Cabinet and Deputies for the Shadow Cabinet. The current Executive Committee, elected at the 102nd Session, is Simran Ghotra as Premier, Sarah Clark as Leader of the Opposition, Carson Flett as Deputy Premier, and Seham Ahmed as Deputy Leader of the Opposition.
The current Front Bench is:
Cabinet:
Provincial Secretary: Terrence Wong
Deputy Provincial Secretary: Patrick Cyr
Minister of Finance - Ajminder Sanghotra
Minister of Community and Social Services- Reeana Tazreean
Deputy Minister of Community and Social Services - Arbnora (Abby) Beka
Minister of Education - Leo Huang
Deputy Minister of Education - Kaydence Gillespie
Minister of External Affairs: Skylar Johnson
Associate Ministers of External Affairs - Sabbena Kaur
Minister without Portfolio - Mona Mohamed, Daniel Zander, and Donovan Grover
History
The first Session of the Older Boys' Parliament of Alberta was first held in the Legislative Chamber of the Provincial Government in Edmonton, from December 28 to 30, 1920. The Mayor of Edmonton, D.M. Duggan, acted as lieutenant governor. Armour Ford was elected as the first Speaker. The first Premier was Edward Hunter Gowan. The Leader of the Opposition was James Robin Davidson.
Like many of the other Canadian Youth Parliaments, AYP was sponsored by the Boys’ Work Board of the provincial Religious Education Council (“REC”). AYP originally met under the name “Alberta Older Boy's Parliament”. The Alberta Older Boy's Parliament added “TUXIS” to its name in 1932. “TUXIS” stands for “Training for Service, with Christ (represented with an 'X' for the Greek letter 'chi') in the center, and you and I on either side, with no-one but Christ between us”. An alternative interpretation is "Training Under Christ In Service."
It was the last of these youth parliaments to retain its “TUXIS” appellation and maintain its Christian character, but has since become a spiritual, but non-denominational organization. The REC was a coalition of religious organizations, the most significant of which was the United Church). The REC of Alberta ceased to exist in 1962. As a result, the TUXIS and Older Boy's Parliament of Alberta Alumni Society was formed. The members of this Society now provide sponsorship, including financial backing and continuity, of TUXIS.
The 60th Session of the Parliament approved a resolution inviting young women to attend the Parliament and share in the companionship of TUXIS. This same year also approved a resolution to change the name from "TUXIS and Older Boys' Parliament of Alberta" to "TUXIS Parliament of Alberta." Young women first attended the 62nd Session in 1981 at Red Deer and soon entered into the leadership when LaVonne Rosvick was elected Premier for the 67th Session.
The parliament celebrated its 100th Session in 2019, and its 100th anniversary in 2020; the latter Session was conducted virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike most other Canadian Youth Parliaments founded during the same time, AYP met continuously throughout the Great Depression and World War II. As a result, AYP has the longest uninterrupted history of annual sessions of any youth parliament in Canada. The TUXIS Parliament of Alberta voted to change its operating name to the Alberta Youth Parliament during its 102nd Session in December 2022, and the change was ratified by the Alumni Council on March 20, 2022.
Notable alumni
Clarence Campbell (Former NHL commissioner)
Robert Clark (Former Alberta MLA)
Gary Dickson (Former Alberta MLA)
Bob Hawkesworth (Former Alberta MLA)
David King (Former Alberta MLA and Cabinet Minister)
Danielle Larivee (Former Alberta MLA and Cabinet Minister)
Murray Smith (Former Alberta MLA and Cabinet Minister)
Richard Starke (Former Alberta MLA and Former Cabinet Minister)
See also
Western Canada Youth Parliament
Youth Parliament of Canada/Parlement jeunesse du Canada
History of Youth Work
References
Alberta
Educational organizations based in Alberta |
4034741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globix%20Corporation | Globix Corporation | Globix Corporation is a company that provided internet infrastructure and network services; it went bankrupt following the dot-com bubble, recovered, and was bought by RCN Corporation in 2007.
History
Globix Corporation was founded in 1989 as Bell Technology Group, a value-added reseller of computers; Marc Bell served as CEO from its founding until 2001.
In the mid-1990s the company expanded into Internet products and services and completed an IPO in January 1996.
By June 1998 the company offered "dedicated Internet access, Web Hosting, Co-location, network and systems integration, interactive media development (including 2-D and 3-D animation) and instructor-led corporate training" and changed its name to Globix Corporation.
During the dot-com bubble, Globix bought an eight-story building in New York City to serve as a data center, which was announced at Internet World 2000 by Bell, who cited "tremendous demand for our managed Internet Data Center services". The company already had nearly 300,000 square feet of data center space, and planned four additional centers. The company completed a $600 million bond offering in 2001 to fund further expansion.
As the dot-com bubble burst, in August 2001 the company hired a new CEO and in January 2002, Globix filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy; its market capitalization had fallen from almost $1 billion in 1999 to $5.87 million. Globix emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April 2002, with creditors receiving $120 million in notes in exchange for the $600 million in bonds they held. In October 2003 Globix sold its New York City data center to fund operations and retire some of its debt.
In November 2003 Globix acquired Aptegrity Inc., a managed services provider focused on Web-based applications. In July 2004, Globix announced it intended to merge with NEON Communications, Inc., a provider of optical networking to carriers and large companies in the US Northeast and mid-Atlantic, and the deal closed in March 2005. For the fiscal year ending September 30, 2004, Globix reported a net loss of $41.4 million and had $95.8 million in debt.
In late 2005 and 2006 Globix restructured and paid down debt by selling off assets, including its New York city headquarters, a UK subsidiary, and its hosting business, the latter of which it sold to Quality Technology Services.
In February 2007 Globix changed its name to NEON Communications Group, Inc.
In June 2007 RCN Corporation announced it intended to acquire NEON and the deal closed in November 2007.
References
Companies based in New York City |
4034743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd%20II%20None | 2nd II None | 2nd II None is a rap group from Compton, California. It consists of cousins KK (born Kelton L. McDonald) and Gangsta D (born Deon Barnett). They were members of the Elm Street Piru Bloods.
History
Early years
Their career started in 1990 after the release of "The Red Tape", they signed with Profile Records. They released their first album in 1991, the self-titled 2nd II None on Profile Records. Their second album, Classic 220 on Arista Records, released in 1999. Their albums were produced by 2nd II None and DJ Quik. In 2008, their 1994 unreleased album Tha Shit was leaked on the internet.
Discography
Studio albums
Unreleased albums
The Shit (1994)
Compilation albums
Tha Kollective (2009)
Singles
References
Hip hop groups from California
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Profile Records artists
Musicians from Compton, California
Gangsta rap groups
1987 establishments in California
Hip hop duos
Family musical groups
American musical duos
African-American musical groups
Bloods
Death Row Records artists |
4034761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%20Supreme%20Court | Colorado Supreme Court | The Colorado Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Colorado. Located in Denver, the Court consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices.
Powers and duties
Appellate jurisdiction
Discretionary appeals
The Court principally handles certiorari petitions. Certiorari petitions ask the Supreme Court to grant an additional review of a case. The primary review [appeal of right] was either done by:
Colorado Court of Appeals in appeals from courts of general jurisdiction [District Courts], or
Courts of general jurisdiction [District Courts] in appeals from courts of limited jurisdiction [County or Municipal Courts].
Only a small fraction of certiorari petitions are granted by the Colorado Supreme Court. From petitions filed in 2015 and 2016, only 6% of all cases were granted an additional review. It takes three of the seven justices to vote in favor of a certiorari petition for it to be granted.
Appeals of right
In addition, the Colorado Supreme Court has jurisdiction over direct appeals in cases where a trial court finds a law unconstitutional, in death penalty cases, in water law cases, in certain election cases, in interlocutory appeals (i.e., appeals in the middle of a case) in certain matters of exceptional importance for which an ordinary appeal is not a sufficient remedy, and in certain other cases.
Original jurisdiction and supervisory powers
The Colorado Supreme Court also has original jurisdiction over attorney discipline proceedings, over advisory questions presented by the state legislature or the state attorney general, and questions referred to it by the federal courts. Furthermore, the Colorado Supreme Court has general supervisory and budget authority over the judicial branch, the court rule making process, and the regulation of attorneys. Finally, the Colorado Supreme Court makes appointments to a number of boards and commissions, which often has the effect of providing a tie breaking member in situations where the other appointees are equally divided on partisan lines.
Membership
Current makeup
The current Colorado Supreme Court's membership, and the date each Justice was appointed, is as follows:
Appointment process
When a vacancy on the court occurs, a commission established by the state constitution reviews submitted applications. The commission submits three names to the Governor. The Governor of Colorado then has 15 days to select the next justice from that list.
The justice selected serves a provisional two-year term before facing a retention election. The voters then chose whether to retain or not retain the justice. If the justice is retained, they go on to serve a full 10-year term before the next retention election.
If a justice is not retained, the appointment process starts again. However, no appellate judge has ever lost a retention election since the system was put in place in 1966. The Justices are not elected as partisan officials, although they are initially appointed by a partisan elected official.
In 2006, an effort to change this system of retaining judges by initiative was rejected by voters, in part due to a campaign against the initiative which had strong support from both Democratic and Republican members of the Colorado Bar Association.
The chief justice is selected by the justices from amongst themselves.
Yearly pay
The pay is set by the legislature in the yearly budget. The budget year in Colorado starts on July 1.
2006
Chief Justice – $125,656
Associate Justice -$122,972
2016
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court earned $176,799 per year.
2017 – 2018
Chief Justice – $181,219
Associate Justice – $177,350
2018 – 2019
Chief Justice – $186,656
Associate Justice – $182,671
2019 – 2020
Chief Justice – $192,256
Associate Justice – $188,151
Court building
While there is a chamber originally dedicated to the Colorado Supreme Court in the state capitol building, the Colorado Supreme Court and Colorado Court of Appeals were located in their own building across the street from the state capitol from 1977 to 2010. In August 2010 the building was imploded to make way for a larger court building. Construction of the new building began in September 2010. That new building, dubbed the Ralph L. Carr Colorado Judicial Center, opened in early 2013. Named for a former governor of Colorado, the building is located at 2 East 14th Avenue in Denver.
The State Supreme Court Building was a box-like structure raised off the ground by two square columns located on the east and west ends of the building. The only parts of the building actually on the ground level were the columns, which contained the entrances and elevators for the building.
The underside of the building featured a 150-foot mural designed by Colorado artist Angelo di Benedetto. It depicted several notable figures, including Hammurabi, Moses and Martin Luther King Jr. The figures represented persons who are believed to have made significant contributions to law and justice. Directly beneath the mural was a large window embedded into the ground that looked down into the underground law library. Persons in the library were able to look up onto the mural via the ground level glass window. The mural was removed before the building was demolished, but its ultimate fate is uncertain.
The courtroom itself was located on the fifth floor of the building (the ground level columns being the first floor). The entrance to the courtroom consisted of two large brass colored metallic doors with a textured design on them. The courtroom was dimly lit with two stained glass windows depicting previous Supreme Court Justices. The well of the courtroom was circular, with a podium for counsel in the center. The podium was a circular column that resembled a container of lipstick that, unlike the rest of the courtroom, was well lit. It faced a semicircular bench with seats for seven justices. Behind the bench was a large drape through which the Justices entered the courtroom.
The former building was designed by John Rogers and RNL Design. See RNL Architecture.
The Ralph L. Carr Justice Center was designed by Fentress Architects. The judicial wing is four stories tall and contains the Supreme Court courtroom and chambers and Court of Appeals courtrooms. The justice center also includes an adjacent wing that is a twelve-story office tower containing the office of the State Attorney General as well as offices for other State agencies.
The new Justice Center is named for former Colorado Governor Ralph Lawrence Carr, who served from 1939 to 1943 and was noted for his opposition to Japanese American internment during World War II.
Publication of opinions
All opinions of the Colorado Supreme Court are published. Court opinions are initially released as slip opinions and posted on the court's website. They are ultimately published in Westlaw's Pacific Reporter, a regional case reporter that is the designated official reporter for the State of Colorado. Westlaw also publishes the state-specific Colorado Reporter, repeating all Colorado cases from the Pacific Reporter and reusing that reporter's pagination and citations. The Colorado Bar Association also publishes all Colorado Supreme Court opinions in its monthly journal, The Colorado Lawyer.
Between 1864 and 1980, the State published its own official reporter, Colorado Reports. Concurrent coverage in the Pacific Reporter began in 1883.
Notable cases
In re Ballot Title #3, 2019CO57
Facts: The Petitioners Hedges and Briggs brought a proposed Initiative that would repeal the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights (TABOR), Colorado Constitution Article X, Section 20. The Title Board found the initiative violated the Colorado constitution's single subject clause for a ballot initiative.
Issue: Did the Title Board make a mistake in finding the ballot initiative is more than a single subject?
Decision: Five of the seven justices found the Title Board did make a mistake. Justice Gabriel wrote the decision; Chief Justice Coats, and Justices Hood, Hart, and Samour join. Their reasons included:
1. The initiative only has one objective, the repeal of TABOR. The subjects of the initiative are connected and its subject matter is properly connected.
2. There is nothing in the initiative that could be read to hide something, or pose a risk of surprise on the voters.
3. The initiative was written simply and plainly.
Analysis: Prior case law, determining that the repeal of a constitutional provision with multiple subjects violates the single subject clause, is not controlling here for a few reasons:
1. In re Proposed Initiative 1996-4, 916 P.2d 528, 533 (Colo. 1996) only mentioned this principal in dicta, meaning that holding was done as a hypothetical and was not in resolving the case at hand.
2. All other cases citing that holding all referred back to the Proposed Initiative case without further analysis, or its analysis was again in dicta.
Dissent: Justice Márquez writes a dissent and Justice Boatright joins.
Holding: An initiative that repeals a constitutional provision with multiple subjects does not violate the constitution's single subject clause so long as it passes the standard single subject test:
1. It effectuates one general objective or purpose;
2. Does not treat incongruous subjects in the same measure;
3. Comprises subject matter that is necessarily and properly connected;
4. Contains nothing surreptitious or hidden; and
5. Presents no risk of surprise or fraud on voters.
Colo. Oil & Gas v. Martinez, 2019CO3
Facts: The Respondents proposed a new rule to the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission in 2013. The rule required the commission to only grant new drilling if it would not impair the environment. The commission determined it did not have the statutory authority to grant such a rule. On review, the Denver District Court overruled the commission. The Court of Appeal's (Case 2016CA564) then over ruled the District Court and agreed with the Commission's decision.
Issue: Did the Commission have the legal authority to approve the Respondent's proposed rule?
Decision: The unanimous opinion was written by Justice Gabriel. It found three reasons the Commission's decision should stand.
1. The Court has a limited role in reviewing a decision by the Commission not to implement a new rule.
2. The new rule would run counter to the authority given to the Commission by the State Legislature.
3. The Commission was already working with another agency to fix the concerns raised by the Respondents.
Holding: The Supreme Court upheld the Court of Appeals' decision, reversed the Denver District Court's decision, and upheld the decision of the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission.
Union of Taxpayers v. Aspen, 2018CO36
Facts: In 2012 the City of Aspen implemented a $.20 fee per bag at grocery stores. The city wanted to reduce waste and encourage citizens to bring reusable bags.
Issue: The issue was whether the levy was a tax or a fee under the law. A tax requires voter approval under the TABOR amendment in the Colorado constitution.
Decision: The majority opinion was written by Chief Justice Rice. She and Justices Márquez, Gabriel, and Hart determined the amount was a fee because it was not levied to raise money for the city and had a specific purpose for the funds.
Dissent: Justices Coats, Boatright, and Hood dissented.
Holding: The decision upheld the unanimous decision by the Colorado Court of Appeals, Union of Taxpayers v. Aspen, 2015COA162.
Romer v. Evans (1996)
In 1992, Colorado voters approved an amendment to the state constitution, Amendment 2, which forbade any political subdivision within Colorado from taking any action to recognize homosexuals as a protected class of people. In 1993, a trial court issued a permanent injunction against the amendment, and the Colorado Supreme Court agreed, noting the amendment subject to "strict scrutiny" under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution and remanded the case back to the trial court to find if it could withstand strict scrutiny. The trial court concluded it could not, and the Colorado Supreme Court once again agreed in a 2–1 decision. The case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which affirmed the Colorado Supreme Court in a 6–3 decision, though by applying rational basis review instead.
Common-law same-sex marriage
In January 2021, the Colorado Supreme Court made a ruling to retroactively recognise common-law same-sex marriage.
See also
List of justices of the Colorado Supreme Court
Notes
References
External links
Colorado State Judicial Branch Homepage
Justices of the Colorado Supreme Court
Colorado
Supreme Court
1876 establishments in Colorado
Courts and tribunals established in 1876 |
4034763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley%20de%20Silva | Ashley de Silva | Ashley Matthew de Silva (born 3 December 1963) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in 3 Tests and 4 ODIs from 1986 to 1993. He is, , CEO of Sri Lanka Cricket.
De Silva was born in 1963 in Colombo into a Roman Catholic family. He attended Saint Joseph's College, Colombo, where he played in four of the annual Battle of the Saints against St. Peter's College, Colombo, the last—in 1982—as captain. He became the first former Saint Joseph's player to play Test cricket.
De Silva began his domestic cricket career for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the Lakspray Trophy. He later moved to Colombo Cricket Club where he was playing when the competition attained First-class cricket status in 1989.
After his playing career, de Silva became a referee as well as taking charge of one List A match as an umpire in 2011.
In 2013, de Silva became acting CEO of Sri Lanka Cricket, later taking on the role permanently.
References
External links
Ashley de Silva on ESPN
1963 births
Living people
Alumni of Saint Joseph's College, Colombo
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Colombo Cricket Club cricketers
Wicket-keepers |
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