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4030485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jollof%20rice | Jollof rice | Jollof (), or jollof rice, is a rice dish from West Africa. The dish is typically made with long-grain rice, tomatoes, onions, spices, vegetables and meat in a single pot, although its ingredients and preparation methods vary across different regions.
History and origin
The origins of jollof rice can be traced to the Senegambian region that was ruled by the Wolof or Jolof Empire in the 14th century, spanning parts of today's Senegal, The Gambia and Mauritania, where rice was grown. The dish has its roots in a traditional dish called thieboudienne, containing rice, fish, shellfish and vegetables.
Food and agriculture historian James C. McCann considers this claim plausible given the popularity of rice in the upper Niger valley, but considers it unlikely that the dish could have spread from Senegal to its current range since such a diffusion is not seen in "linguistic, historical or political patterns".
Instead he proposes that the dish spread with the Mali empire, especially the Djula tradespeople who dispersed widely to the regional commercial and urban centers, taking with them economic arts of "blacksmithing, small-scale marketing, and rice agronomy" as well as the religion of Islam.
Marc Dufumier, an emeritus professor of agronomy, proposes a more recent origin for the dish, which may only have appeared as a consequence of the colonial promotion of intensive peanut cropping in central Senegal for the French oil industry, and where commensurate reduction in the planted area of traditional millet and sorghum staples was compensated by forced imports of broken rice from Southeast Asia.
It may then have spread throughout the region through the historical commercial, cultural and religious channels linking Senegal with Ghana, Nigeria and beyond, many of which continue to thrive today, such as the Tijāniyyah Sufi brotherhood bringing thousands of West African pilgrims to Senegal annually.
Geographical range and variants
Jollof rice is one of the most common dishes in West Africa. There are several regional variations in name and ingredients; for example, in Mali it is called zaamè in Bamanankan. The dish's most common name of Jollof derives from the name of the Wolof people, though in Senegal and Gambia the dish is referred to in Wolof as ceebu jën or benachin. In French-speaking areas, it is called riz au gras. Despite the variations, the dish is "mutually intelligible" across the regions and has become the best known African dish outside the continent.
Ingredients
Jollof rice traditionally consists of rice, cooking oil, vegetables such as tomato, onion, red pepper, garlic, ginger and Scotch bonnet chilli peppers. To enhance the colour of the dish, tomato paste (purée) is added. As seasoning, spices, salt, stock cubes (a blend of flavour enhancers, salt, nutmeg and herbs), curry powder and dried thyme are used. To complement the dish, chicken, turkey, beef or fish are often served with the dish.
Regional variations and rivalry
Each West African country has at least one variant form of the dish, with Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Cameroon particularly competitive as to which country makes the best jollof. This is especially prominent between Nigeria and Ghana, in a rivalry dubbed the "Jollof Wars".
Nigerian jollof
Although considerable variation exists, the basic profile for Nigerian jollof rice includes long grain parboiled rice, tomatoes and tomato paste, pepper, vegetable oil, onions, and stock cubes. Most of the ingredients are cooked in one pot, of which a rich meat stock and a fried tomato and pepper puree characteristically forms the base. Rice is then added and left to cook in the liquid. The dish is then served with the protein of choice and very often with fried plantains, moi moi, steamed vegetables, coleslaw, salad, etc. In the riverine areas of Nigeria where seafood is the main source of protein, seafood often takes the place of chicken or meat as the protein of choice.
Ghanaian jollof
Ghanaian jollof rice is made of vegetable oil, onion, ginger, cloves of pressed garlic, chillies, tomato paste, beef or goat meat or chicken (some times alternated with mixed vegetables), local or refined rice, typically Jasmine rice and black pepper. The method of cooking jollof begins with first preparing the beef or chicken by seasoning and steaming it with a pureé of ginger, onions and garlic and frying it until it is well-cooked. The rest of the ingredients are then fried all together, starting from onions, pepper, tomato paste, tomatoes and spices in that order. After all the ingredients have been fried, rice is then added and cooked until the meal is prepared. Ghanaian jollof is typically served with side dishes of beef, chicken, well-seasoned fried fish, or mixed vegetables.
Jollof in Ghana is also served alongside shito, a popular type of pepper which originates from Ghana, and salad during parties and other ceremonies.
Bissau-Guinean jollof
Jollof rice made in Guinea-Bissau is carefully prepared with ingredients such as tomatoes, onions, tomato paste, red bell peppers, yellow bell peppers, garlic and bay leaves. These ingredients are slowly cooked with vegetable oil and spices to enhance the common jollof flavor. Typically this dish incorporates ginger to bring a spicy flavor to the white grain rice. In the end, this dish is usually served on its own but sometimes it is served with chicken, okra and/or fried plantains.
Worldwide popularity
Since the 2010s there has been increasing interest in West African foods in the western world. Jollof food festivals have been held in Washington, DC, in the US, and Toronto, Canada. "World Jollof Day" has been celebrated since 2015 on 22 August, gaining traction on social media.
See also
Charleston red rice
Jambalaya
List of African dishes
Thieboudienne
References
Further reading
West Africa steams over jollof rice war (BBC News, 2017)
Rice dishes
Nigerian cuisine
Beninese cuisine
Ghanaian cuisine
Senegalese cuisine
Gambian cuisine
Togolese cuisine
West African cuisine |
4030492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy%20Wright | Randy Wright | Randall Steven Wright (born January 12, 1961) is a former professional American football quarterback and color commentator who played for the Green Bay Packers from 1984 to 1988 and covered Big Ten football for ESPN for 12 years. In 2016, USA Today named Wright the worst starting quarterback in Packers' history.
High school
Randy Wright attended St. Charles High School in St. Charles, Illinois. He is a member of the St. Charles Saints Hall of Fame.
Randy Wright attended Acton-Boxborough Regional High School in Acton Massachusetts as a sophomore (1976-1977). He was the Colonial's starting quarterback.
College career
Wright played college football at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Professional career
Wright occasionally had the starting role in the 1985 season, sharing this duty with Jim Zorn and Lynn Dickey. Wright played the entire 1986 NFL season as the starter, and shared starting quarterback duties with his successor, Don Majkowski, from 1987 to 1988.
Personal life
After his football career ended, Randy Wright founded and still owns the vending machine company Wright Vending with his wife Kelli. He also coaches high school football in Sturgeon Bay, WI, as an offensive coordinator and helps run the Trickey Wright quarterback and wide receiver camp.
References
1961 births
Living people
People from St. Charles, Illinois
Players of American football from Illinois
American football quarterbacks
Wisconsin Badgers football players
Green Bay Packers players
College football announcers |
4030517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/27th%20Maine%20Infantry%20Regiment | 27th Maine Infantry Regiment | The 27th Maine Infantry Regiment was a nine-month regiment raised for service in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Service
One of eight regiments raised by Maine in the fall of 1862 under the call for men to serve nine-month terms, the 27th Maine was formed primarily of volunteers from York County, Maine. They went into camp at Portland, Maine, on 10 September, with the officers being mustered into service on the 19th and the enlisted men on the 30th. After a short furlough home, and the addition of a few later enlistments to complete the regiment, they left for Washington, D.C. on 20 October 1862. The unit was attached to the XXII Corps, first belonging to Casey's Division and later to the division of General John Joseph Abercrombie. They served as pickets in the defenses of the capital through their entire term.
First encamped on East Capitol Hill upon their arrival in Washington, they soon moved to Arlington Heights, Virginia and afterward to Hunting Creek, where they went into winter quarters until March 1863. In the spring, they relocated along with the 25th Maine to Chantilly, Virginia and were there until 25 June, when they were transferred into the Army of the Potomac and ordered to report to General Slocum and the XII Corps at Leesburg, Virginia. This order was quickly changed, as it had not been known that the 1st Brigade (25th Maine and 27th Maine) were only nine-month units and their terms were about to expire, so they were instead sent to Arlington Heights for preparations to their mustering out and subsequent return to Maine.
Volunteer service and the Medal of Honor
On the request of President Abraham Lincoln, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton sent letters on 28 June 1863 to the commanding officers of the 25th Maine and 27th Maine regiments, asking for them to remain beyond their contracted service due to the invasion of Pennsylvania by Robert E. Lee and his army. Declined first by the 25th Maine, the 27th was then asked, and over 300 men volunteered to remain beyond their service time in the defenses of Washington during what became the Gettysburg Campaign. When Colonel Wentworth delivered the message to Secretary Stanton, he was informed that "Medals of Honor would be given to that portion of the regiment that volunteered to remain". With the battle soon over, they left Washington for home on 4 July, reuniting with the rest of the regiment in Portland for their mustering out on 17 July 1863. Following the end of the war, when the promise to award medals to the volunteers was fulfilled, there was a lack of an agreeable list of those who stayed behind in Washington. This resulted in some 864 medals being made, and it was left up to Wentworth to distribute them to those members he remembered staying behind with him. The MOH awarded to George Washington Emmons can be seen at Old Gordon Gravestones These medals were later purged by Congress in 1917 as the actions of the regiment did not meet the criteria for receiving such a medal.
Commanders
With Colonel Rufus Tapley leaving the regiment in January 1863, Lieutenant Colonel Mark F. Wentworth resumed command of the unit. He was formerly of the Kittery militia, and stationed at Fort McClary during the early part of the Civil War. Following his service in the 27th Maine, he became commanding officer of the 32nd Maine Infantry Volunteers in February 1864, but had to resign on October due to being seriously wounded at the Battle of the Crater in July.
Complement and casualties
There were a total of 949 men listed on the muster rolls for the 27th Maine. During their service, the regiment lost nineteen men by disease and one was killed by the accidental discharge of his musket.
See also
Medal of Honor
List of Maine Civil War units
Maine in the American Civil War
Bibliography
Hodsdon, John L, Adj Gen (1863). Annual Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Maine for the Year Ending 31 December 1863. Augusta, ME: Stevens & Sayward, State Printers.
Pullen, John J. (1966). A Shower of Stars. Philadelphia: J B Lippincott Co.
Stone, Lieut.Col. James M (1895). The History of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment Maine Volunteer Infantry. Portland, ME: The Thurston Print.
Notes
External links
The 27th Maine
Photograph of veterans of the 27th Maine Infantry from the Maine Memory Network
27th Maine Infantry Regiment
1862 establishments in Maine
Military units and formations established in 1862
Military units and formations disestablished in 1863 |
4030536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry%20poison-dart%20frog | Strawberry poison-dart frog | The strawberry poison frog, strawberry poison-dart frog or blue jeans poison frog (Oophaga pumilio, formerly Dendrobates pumilio) is a species of small poison dart frog found in Central America. It is common throughout its range, which extends from eastern central Nicaragua through Costa Rica and northwestern Panama. The species is often found in humid lowlands and premontane forest, but large populations are also found in disturbed areas such as plantations. The strawberry poison frog is perhaps most famous for its widespread variation in coloration, comprising approximately 15–30 color morphs, most of which are presumed to be true-breeding. O. pumilio, while not the most poisonous of the dendrobatids, is the most toxic member of its genus.
Diet
The diet of O. pumilio causes the skin of the amphibian to become toxic in nature when certain subspecies of mites and ants are ingested. Alkaloid toxins are organic in nature and contain nitrogenous bases that react with carbon and hydrogen groups. Pumiliotoxin 251D is the specialized toxin that is sequestered by this species of frog. This toxin has a negative stimulating effect on cardiac function and is a severe disruptor of the sodium potassium ion channels within cells. Upon ingestion of Pumiliotoxin 251D, organisms preying on O. pumilio experience convulsions, paralysis, and death.
It has been found that once O.pumilio reaches sexual maturity, their granular glands significantly increase in size and their diet shifts. In females, it is common to find about 53% more alkaloids than adult males.
Oribatida mites belonging to the glandulate suborder Brachypylina are an important origin of pumiliotoxins in O. pumilio. Hexane-extraction techniques indicate presence of alkaloid toxins in Brachypylina. Toxins appear to be biosynthesized in adult mites, as nymph and larval stages of the arachnid do not carry the toxins. Experimental analysis of this species of mite show alkaloid toxins are found almost exclusively in the opisthonotal glands of mites of the Scheloribatidae. Oil glands of the mite contain the toxins and are then released internally as the amphibian digests the arthropod.
O. pumilio can also attribute its cutaneous toxicity to its rich diet of formicinae ants. Species of the formicine genus Brachymyrmex contain pumiliotoxins which the frogs incorporate and accumulate poison from. There is a variability of alkaloid profiles among populations and individuals of O. pumilio, which is indicative of varying levels of available prey within their infraspecific habitats. Research and physical analysis reveal that maternally derived alkaloids exist in young tadpoles. The increase in alkaloids in tadpoles suggests that the females are providing more chemical defenses to their more vulnerable young. This being one of the first found examples of provisioning that occurs after hatching. During tadpole-rearing, mother frogs feed their young an unfertilized egg from their ovaries after dropping each individual tadpole into a repository of water usually found in a bromeliad. Tadpoles lacking the obligate nutritive egg diet do not contain the alkaloid. This step is crucial for the tadpoles to sequester the alkaloid from their mother; without such, young tadpoles become susceptible to predation by arthropods and other frogs.
Behavior
Oophaga pumilio is diurnal and primarily terrestrial, and can often be found in leaf litter in both forested and disturbed areas. Studies have shown that the optimal habitat is determined by the male, considering the resource benefits and defense costs. Males tend to expend more energy defending smaller but higher quality areas. There has also been evidence that the better competitors and fighters are the males guarding smaller sites with higher female density. In most Anura the louder the vocalization when competing usually means they are larger in size and in better health. However, in the O. pumilio species researchers have determined that these frogs call out at a lower rate to limit their energetic expenditures. Females, on the other hand, simply distribute themselves according to tadpole rearing sites.
Though brightly colored and toxic, these frogs are relatively small, growing to approximately in standard length.
Reproduction and parental care
Oophaga pumilio is an external breeder, and other species of the genus Oophaga are notable in the amphibian world for exhibiting a high degree of parental care. The strawberry poison frog has dual parental care. The males defend and water the nests, and the females feed the oophagous tadpoles their unfertilized eggs. Although both male and female contribute to parental care, females invest more heavily in terms of energy expenditure, time investment, and loss of potential reproduction. When choosing a partner for mating, females will choose the closest calling male rather than the highest quality male. Females provide energetically costly eggs to the tadpoles for 6–8 weeks (until metamorphosis), remain sexually inactive during tadpole rearing, and care for only one clutch of four to six tadpoles at a time. The males contribute via the relatively "cheap" (in terms of energy) act of watering and protecting the eggs for a relatively short period (10–12 days), and can care for multiple nests at one time. The extreme maternal investment in their offspring is believed to be the result of high egg mortality. Only 5–12% of the clutch develops into tadpoles, so the female's fitness may be best increased by making sure those few eggs that form tadpoles survive.
After mating, the female lays three to five eggs on a leaf or bromeliad axil. The male then ensures the eggs are kept hydrated by transporting water in his cloaca. After about 10 days, the eggs hatch and the female transports the tadpoles on her back to some water-filled location. In captivity, on rare occasions, the male is observed transporting the tadpoles, though whether this is intentional, or the tadpoles simply hitch a ride, is unknown. Bromeliad axils are frequently used tadpole deposition sites, but anything suitable can be used, such as knots in trees, small puddles, or human trash such as aluminum cans.
Tadpoles are deposited singly at each location. Once this has been done, the female will come to each tadpole every few days and deposit several unfertilized food eggs. In captivity, tadpoles have been raised on a variety of diets, ranging from algae to the eggs of other dart frogs, but with minimal success. O. pumilio tadpoles are considered obligate egg feeders, as they are unable to accept any other form of nutrition.
After about a month, the tadpole will metamorphose into a small froglet. Generally, it stays near its water source for a few days for protection as it absorbs the rest of its tail.
Taxonomy
Oophaga pumilio belongs to the genus Oophaga, although the name Dendrobates pumilio is still sometimes used. There is evidence that the species of Oophaga (previously classified as the "female parental care group" of Dendrobates) are a monophyletic evolutionary group. Due to the low level of genetic divergence between the species analyzed in this genus, it is estimated that they speciated relatively recently, after the formation of the current Panamanian land bridge in the Pliocene (3–5 million years ago). Oophaga pumilio is believed to be most closely related to Oophaga arborea.
Evolution
Strawberry poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, shows extreme variation in color and pattern between populations that have been geographically isolated for more than 10,000 years. When populations are separated by geographic distances and landscape barriers, they frequently experience restricted gene flow, which can enable phenotypic divergence between populations through selection or drift. Their variety in warning coloration is used for their visibility, toxicity and resistance to predators. When divergent phenotypes are mostly restricted to separate islands, the biogeography of color polymorphism suggests a major role for neutral process. However, Summers et al. (1997) provide evidences that neutral divergence alone is unlikely to have caused the variation in color patterns. As shown by Lande, rapid evolution in sexually selecting species is led by the interaction of random genetic drift with natural and sexual selection such as random genetic drift in female mating preferences. Color is known to play a role in male–female signaling, mate attraction, and male–male signaling in anurans. Based on Tazzyman and Iwasa's study that involved collections of samples from main islands in the Bocas del Toro archipelago, its results proved that female preference on male calls led to call divergence and therefore divergence was driven by sexual selection. Mate choice plays a critical role in generating and maintaining biodiversity. Furthermore, spatial variation in predators or habitat features could exert divergent natural selection on coloration in response to its subjection to predator selection. It is still unclear to what extent sexual selection has driven the evolution of color morphs rather than reinforcing the reproductive isolation of morphs. In an aposematic organism such as Oophaga pumilio, we cannot attribute a phylogenetic signal of selection to female mate choice alone but is quite possible that genetic drift would interact with female color preferences to trigger divergence Researchers Maan and Cummings had also found that in some cases female Oophaga Pumilio preferred male mates that had very different coloration than their own phenotype. In nature the equality of color through evolution is very unlikely considering the various sensory biases of predators and the different background colors of the environments these frogs habitat. Due to this variability in color evolution, it is unlikely to say there is superiority of aposematic purpose of color selection in the OophaSpecies such as Oophaga Pumilio have been known to thrive and compete very well on disturbed and converted land. With temperatures rising in many different biomes, the success of many species is going to be determined by its ability to acclimate and adapt. In the study done by Rivera and Nowakowski, they discovered that in many cases O.pumilio is experiencing greater temperature stress in converted habitats than forestsga Pumilio species.
Habitat Niche
These frog species utilize scattered structures throughout these disturbed lands to relieve some of the thermal stress, yet it was found that O. pumilio is still warmer than any other species in the forested areas, being exposed to temperatures up to 27 degrees Celsius. These findings suggest that this species of dart frog acts as an ecological buffer and is predicted to be more successful than other species as land use changes and temperatures rise.
Captivity
Oophaga pumilio is a popular frog in captivity, due to its striking colors and unique life cycle. They have been imported in vast quantities to the United States and Europe since the early 1990s, when they would typically be available for around US$75 each. However, these shipments have since stopped, and O. pumilio is much less common and available in reduced diversity. In Europe, O. pumilio is much more diverse and available due to an increased frequency of smuggling and the resulting offspring of smuggled animals. Smuggling of dart frogs is less common elsewhere, but still problematic as it kills large numbers of animals and frequently degrades or destroys viable habitat.
Recently, O. pumilio has been exported from Central America again in small numbers from frog farms. Because of this, they have seen a huge increase in numbers in the dart frog community and are regularly available.
Common color morphs in captivity
One example of a color morph is the blue jeans morph. It is most common throughout the species range, but is relatively rare in the United States pet trade. Most of these animals came from imports during the 1990s, or are their descendants. As of 2003, it was observed that this morph could be found throughout Costa Rica, as well as in mainland Panama.
References
External links
Ask Questions and get answers from experts : Dart Frog Experts
Amphibiaweb, Amphibiaweb entry for Oophaga pumilio
Dendrobates.org, Information site for poison frogs
Media
Oophaga pumilio at CalPhotos
Amphibians described in 1857
Poison dart frogs
Oophaga
Amphibians of Costa Rica
Amphibians of Nicaragua
Amphibians of Panama |
4030537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warped%20%28song%29 | Warped (song) | "Warped" is a song by the American alternative rock group Red Hot Chili Peppers, from their 1995 album, One Hot Minute. It was released as the first single from the album. It is the first track on One Hot Minute, beginning with an unusually quiet intro, before suddenly kicking into a very heavy, crunching riff, and ends with a mellow, melodic outro. Anthony Kiedis' vocals are distorted and echoed throughout, and contrast dramatically with the rapping present on the band's previous material, especially on their more fast-paced songs such as this; short lines are stretched to fill an entire measure. The musical style is of an unpredictable and unsettling nature, which is generally maintained throughout the entire album. The lyrics describe Kiedis' confused feelings about drugs, starting already in the first lines with: "my tendency/for dependency/is offending me".
Despite being the album's first single, neither the song nor the accompanying video was included on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' Greatest Hits compilation. The B-side "Melancholy Mechanics" also appears on the soundtrack to the 1996 movie, Twister, as well as on the Japanese pressing of One Hot Minute.
During live performances of "Warped", the band sometimes played a sample of the song "Three Days" by Jane's Addiction (former band of then-guitarist Dave Navarro) at the end of the song. This song made its live debut at the Woodstock Festival in 1994, although with much different lyrics.
Personnel
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Anthony Kiedis – vocals
Dave Navarro – guitar
Flea – bass
Chad Smith – drums
Additional musicians
Stephen Perkins – percussion
Music video
While piecing together the final components of the album, the band recorded a video for "Warped". They asked Flea's brother-in-law, Gavin Bowden, to direct it. The video featured members of the band scantily clad and posing in rather sexual manners and it involved Kiedis and Navarro kissing towards the end as a way of breaking the monotony of cumbersome video recording. Thinking nothing of it, they continued to shoot and finished several days later. Warner Bros., however, saw the video and instantly wanted it thrown away, considering it to be unmarketable and that the kiss and homoerotic imagery would alienate a large portion of the band's fan base. The band came to a consensus to let the kiss remain on the final cut, prompting a backlash from the more conservative segments of their audience, who took offense at the action. Kiedis said of the situation: "If they couldn't accept what we were doing, we didn't need them anymore."
Track listing
CD single (1995)
"Warped" (edit)
"Pea" (album)
"Melancholy Mechanics" (previously unreleased)
Charts
Release history
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
1995 singles
1995 songs
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Chad Smith
Songs written by Dave Navarro
Songs written by Flea (musician) |
4030545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow-gauge%20railways%20in%20the%20Czech%20Republic | Narrow-gauge railways in the Czech Republic | The Czech Republic formerly had a large number of narrow-gauge railways. Apart from the public lines listed below, there were many non-public industrial, forest and agricultural narrow-gauge systems; only a few of these are still running.
Current public lines
Obrataň–Jindřichův Hradec–Nová Bystřice; gauge , total length 79 km, 30 stations and stops, partly operated by steam locomotives, maximum permitted speed 50 km/h, privately owned by JHMD
Třemešná ve Slezsku–Osoblaha; gauge , total length 20 km, maximum permitted speed 40 km/h, infrastructure operator is Správa železniční dopravní cesty, regular passenger trains are operated by České dráhy
Liberec–Jablonec nad Nisou; gauge, operated by trams
Abandoned public lines
Frýdlant–Heřmanice; 1900–1976; gauge , used to be connected to Zittau–Reichenau line
Moravský Beroun–Dvorce; 1898–1933; gauge (cs)
Most–Litvínov–Janov; 7 Aug 1901 – 24 Mar 1961; gauge , operated by trams
Network of gauge tram lines around Ostrava, Bohumín, Orlová and Karviná; 1902–1973 (last remaining line closed)
References |
4030557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions%20and%20interventions%20in%20Hungary%20%281918%E2%80%931920%29 | Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920) | There was a period of revolutions and interventions in Hungary between 1918 and 1920. The First Hungarian Republic was founded by Mihály Károlyi during the Aster Revolution in 1918. In March 1919, the republic was overturned by another revolution, and the Hungarian Soviet Republic (also known as Hungarian Republic of Councils) was created. The unresolved conflicts led to wars between Hungary and its neighbor states (Kingdom of Romania, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the evolving Czechoslovakia) in 1919. The Hungarian Soviet Republic ceased to exist after the Romanian occupation. The Treaty of Trianon in Versailles chilled the conflicts and beneficiaries for this event were Romania, the newly formed states of Czechoslovakia, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Background
With the volatile and politically unstable atmosphere of Central Europe in the inter-war years, the establishment of independent governments of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire in November 1918 would see the struggle to regain territories of the former empire. However, the Hungarian President of the Hungarian Democratic Republic, Mihály Károlyi, resigned within four months (on March 20, 1919) in favor of Béla Kun, a pro-Bolshevik who had been sent by Lenin, quickly seizing power and establishing a revolutionary government.
Military conflicts
During the war, the Hungarian red army fought separate battles against troops from Czechoslovakia and Romania, while France was also highly involved diplomatically in the conflicts, too. By its final stage, more than 120,000 troops on both sides were involved.
Appealing to Hungarians with promises of regaining the land lost to neighboring countries within a week of his rise to power, Kun declared war upon Czechoslovakia as Hungarian forces invaded Upper Hungary on May 20, capturing southern territories within weeks. In the face of advancing Hungarian troops, the Allies began to put pressure on the Hungarian government and, within three weeks with Kun's assurances of Russian support failing to materialize, Hungary was forced to withdraw from the just proclaimed Slovak Soviet Republic after having been given an ultimatum by France, together with a guarantee that Romanian forces would retreat from Tiszántúl.
The Romanians disregarded the guarantees of the French leadership and remained on the eastern banks of the Tisza River. The Hungarian government claiming to impose the will of the Allies on Romania, and seeing that diplomatic solutions would not compel them, resolved to clear the threat by military force once and for all. They planned to throw the Romanians out of Tiszántúl, destroy the Romanian army, and even retake Transylvania. However, the Hungarian offensive was defeated by the Romanian army, and despite all previous pledges, agreements, and guarantees, the Romanians crossed the river Tisza and quickly advanced towards Budapest. The Hungarian capital fell on August 4, only three days before Kun's escape to Vienna. The destruction of the Hungarian Soviet Republic and the Romanian occupation of parts of Hungary proper, including its capital Budapest in August 1919, ended the war. Romanian troops withdrew from Hungary in March 1920, after seizing large amounts of goods from Hungary, which they regarded as war reparations.
Consequences
After the Hungarian–Romanian War, the country was totally defeated.
In the name of what they considered to be war reparations, the Romanian government requested the delivery of 50% of the country's rolling stock, 30% of its livestock, twenty thousand carloads of fodder, and even assessed payment for their expenditures.
By the beginning of 1920, they had seized much from Hungary, including food, trucks, locomotives and railroad cars, factory equipment, even the telephones and typewriters from government offices; the Hungarians regarded these Romanian seizures as looting. The Romanian occupation lasted for nearly six months.
After the Romanian occupation, Miklós Horthy's "White Terror" was carried out in response to the previous "Red Terror". The Hungarians had to cede all war materials, except those weapons necessary for the troops under Horthy's command.
See also
Aftermath of World War I
Hungarian Soviet Republic
Miklós Horthy
Austria-Hungary
Béla Kun
References
External links
http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/charlie/czechhungary1919.htm
20th-century revolutions
Communism in Hungary
Communist revolutions
Revolutions in Hungary
Wars involving Czechoslovakia
Wars involving France
Wars involving Hungary
Wars involving Romania
Proxy wars
Revolutions of 1917–1923
Subsidiary conflicts of World War I |
4030560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20protocol | Flag protocol | A flag protocol defines the proper placement, handling, use, and disposal of flags. Some countries have added certain protocols into their legal system while others prefer to have "guidelines" without civil or criminal consequences attached.
General guidelines
General guidelines are accepted practically universally.
On a mast or pole
The flag of honor, which is the nation's flag in most cases, is flown on the center mast if possible. It is also correct to fly the flag on its own right. To an observer it would be on the far left. If more than three flags are used, the proper position is as far left from the point of view of an observer. An additional flag may be placed on the right side, but is not necessary.
When two poles are crossed, the position of honor is the flag that ends on the left side from the point of view of an observer (the pole will therefore end on the right).
In a semicircle, the position of honor is the center. If a full circle is used outside an entrance to an arena or stadium, the position of honor is directly over the entrance. If used to line the walls of the arena, the flag should be placed directly opposite the entrance.
Hanging
When flown horizontally, as from a flag pole, the flag should be oriented so that the canton is closest to the top of the pole. If hung against a wall, the canton should be placed in the upper-left corner from the point of view of the observer.
When hung vertically, flags should be rotated so the canton is again closest to the top of the pole. If the flag is displayed against a wall, the canton should again appear in the upper-left corner, which requires that the flag be both rotated and "flipped" from its horizontal orientation.
Other places
On a vehicle the flag should be put on a window or affixed securely to the front of the chassis, on the nearside of the vehicle, i.e. the one opposite the driver. (In other words, in countries that drive on the right hand side of the road, a flag is on the right of the vehicle.) On a vehicle where a visiting Head of State or Government is sharing a car with the host Head of State or Government, the host's flag takes the nearside position, the guest's flag on the offside.
When placed with a podium or at a place of worship, the flag should hang directly behind or on a pole to the right of the speaker, from the point of view of the flag.
When carried in single file, the flag of honor leads.
Multiple flags
When flags of many nations are flown the flag of the hosting country should be placed on the left with the rest following in alphabetical order in the language of the host country. The flag of any sovereign nation should not be displayed over that of another, except when the nations are at war with each other.
On a helicopter
Sometimes in a ceremonial flypast, a flag is flown from a weighted rope dangling from beneath a helicopter.
By country
Brunei
Members of the royal family and the nobility each have their own flags. The Standard of the Sultan must be flown only over Istana Nurul Iman. Only the Standard of the Sultan, the Crown Prince, the 'Viziers' and 'Cheterias' (royal nobles) will be flown every day at their respective residents. Other personal royal flags of the Pengirans and personal flags of the non-royal nobles (such as Pehin Manteris) will only be flown during a ceremonial period announced by the Prime Minister's Office such as Sultan's Birthday, Royal Wedding and National Day. The public generally will fly the national flag during these periods. As in many other countries, Bruneians consider it taboo for the flag to touch the ground.
France
When a French vessel meets another French ship, it is to lower and raise its ensign as a greeting. A merchant ship meeting a ship of the French Navy will greet three times.
India
The flag of India has a very distinctive protocol. It is governed by the Flag Code of India, 2002; the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971.
Insults to the national flag are punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, or a fine, or both.
Official regulation states that the flag must never touch the ground or water, or be used as a drapery in any form.
Disposal of damaged flags is also covered by the flag code. Damaged or soiled flags may not be cast aside or disrespectfully destroyed; they have to be destroyed as a whole and in private, preferably by burning or by any other method consistent with the dignity of the flag.
Saudi Arabia
Because the flag of Saudi Arabia bears the Shahada, it is never flown at half-mast.
United Kingdom
Unlike many other countries, use of the national flag, the Union Jack, for many informal purposes such as on clothing is accepted.
The Department for Communities and Local Government in November 2012 released the Plain English guide to flying flags for England, a "summary of the new, more liberalised, controls over flag flying that were introduced on 12 October 2012". In England, the statute governing the flying of flags are The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2007 and 2012.
United States
When displayed either horizontally or vertically against a wall, the union should be uppermost and to the flag's own right, that is, to the observer's left. When displayed in a window, the flag should be displayed in the same way, with the union or blue field to the left of the observer in the street.
The flag should be to the speaker's right (also described as the flag's own right or audience's left), that is to the left of the podium or pulpit as the speaker is facing the audience. Old guidelines had a distinction whether the flag was at the level of the speaker on a stage or the level of the audience. That distinction has been eliminated and the rule simplified.
When the flag is displayed at half-staff, it is customary to raise it briskly to the top the flag pole, then lower it slowly to the half-way mark. This is also done when lowering the flag. The flag is only displayed at half-staff by presidential decree or act of Congress, except on two days: On Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, the flag can be displayed at half-staff until sundown; on Memorial Day, the flag is flown at half-staff until noon, and then raised to full staff for the remainder of the day.
When displaying the US flag, it is customary for it to be above a state's flag when flown on the same pole. When flown separately, a state's flag may be at the same height as the US flag, with the US flag to the left of the state flag, from the perspective of the viewer. When flown with several state flags, the US flag should be at the same height and to the flag's own right (viewer's left), or at the center of and higher than a grouping of state flags. The idea that only the Texas and Hawaii flags—having been the national flags of the Republic of Texas and the Kingdom of Hawaii—may be flown at an equal height to the US flag is a legend. In fact, any other flag may be flown at an equal height to the US flag provided the US flag is at the leftmost staff from the perspective of the viewer.
The flag of the United States is used to drape the coffins of deceased veterans of the armed forces. When it is so used, the Union (white stars on blue background) is placed above the deceased's left shoulder.
According to United States Code found in Title 4, Chapter 1 pertaining to patriotic customs and observances:
These laws were supplemented by executive orders and presidential proclamations.
Uruguay
National flags cannot be adulterated on any way, nor be used with other intention than as national symbols as stated by law. It is also prohibited for buildings to raise flags other than national flags. The public loyalty oath to the flag must be taken once by every citizen and is celebrated on 19 June at learning institutes. Disposal of damaged flags is done by the Uruguayan Army. Each year on 24 September damaged flags are burnt as an official act.
See also
Courtesy flag
Flag desecration
Vexillology
References
Further reading
External links
US Flag Disposal Instructions
Royal Yachting Association's advice on flag etiquette
US Flag Etiquette
UK flag flying protocol
Etiquette
Vexillology
Water transport |
4030570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moin%20moin | Moin moin | Moin-Moin or Moimoi is a Nigeria steamed bean pudding made from a mixture of washed and peeled black-eyed beans, onions and fresh ground red peppers (usually a combination of bell peppers and chili or Scotch bonnet). It is a protein-rich food that is a staple in Nigeria.
In Ghana and Sierra Leone, it is commonly known as "Alele" or "Olele". It is usually taken with Hausa koko. Tubaani (also spelled Tubani) is a similar dish found in Northern Ghana.
Preparation
Moin-Moin is prepared by first soaking the beans in cold water until they are soft enough to remove the fine outer covering or peel. Then they are ground or blended (using a blender) until a fine paste is achieved. Salt, bouillon cube, dried crayfish, vegetable oil (or any edible oil such as palm oil) and other seasonings are added to taste. Some add sardines, corned beef, sliced boiled eggs, or a combination of these and other 'garnishes' to liven up Moin-Moin. Such is referred to as having 'x' number of lives, 'x' representing the number of garnishes added. The most touted is Moin-Moin elemi meje, which translates to Moin-Moin with seven lives.
Moin-Moin usually comes in a slanted pyramid shape or a cylindrical shape, owing to the mold it is poured into prior to cooking. The pyramid shape comes from the traditional broad "ewe eran" (Thaumatococcus daniellii) or banana leaves fashioned into a cone in one's palm, then the seasoned and garnished liquid is poured into the leaves, which is then folded. The cylindrical shapes come from empty cans of milk or tomato sauce used in preparation of other dishes. Once in its mold, it is placed in a large pot about a tenth filled with water. The water is the source of steam that cooks the Moin-Moin. Moin-Moin is eaten alone or with bread as a snack, with rice as a meal or with ogi for breakfast or supper. It can also be taken with garri in the afternoon.
See also
Akara
List of African dishes
List of steamed foods
References
External links
How Afrolems makes Moin-Moin
Moimoin recipe
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/6705/1/jb06075.pdf
Cameroonian cuisine
Igbo cuisine
Nigerian cuisine
Puddings
Steamed foods
Yoruba cuisine |
4030574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicos%20Karekin%20of%20Armenia | Catholicos Karekin of Armenia | There are three Armenian Catholicoi called Karekin:
Catholicoi of all Armenians
Karekin I (1932–1999), Catholicos from 1994 to 1999
Karekin II (1951- ) Catholicos from 1999 - present
Catholicoi of Cilicia
Karekin I (Cilicia) (1943–1952)
Karekin II (Cilicia) (1932–1999), Catholicos from 1983 to 1994), later Karekin I Catholicos of All Armenians (see above) |
4030575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonai | Yonai | Yonai (米内, lit. "rice inside") is a Japanese surname. It may refer to:
Kami-Yonai Station, a railway station on the Yamada Line in Morioka, Iwate, Japan
People
Mitsumasa Yonai (1880–1948), 37th Prime Minister of Japan
Yonai Norimoto, founder of Japanese animation studio Lay-duce |
4030580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd%20Maine%20Infantry%20Regiment | 32nd Maine Infantry Regiment |
Service
The 32nd Maine Infantry Regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, between March 3 and May 6, 1864. Six companies left Maine for Washington, D.C., April 20, 1864. The remaining four companies left Maine for Washington on May 11, 1864, and Joined the rest of the regiment at North Anna River, Va, on May 26, 1864. At the point they were attached to the 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, IX Corps, Army of the Potomac until the regiment was amalgamated with the 31st Maine Infantry Regiment on December 12, 1864.
Battles and Campaigns
Campaign from the Rapidan to the James River, Virginia, May 3-June 15, 1864.
Battle of the Wilderness May 5–7.
Spotsylvania May 8–12.
Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21.
North Anna River May 23–26.
On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28.
Totopotomoy May 28–31.
Cold Harbor June 1–12.
Bethesda Church June 1–3.
Before Petersburg June 16–19.
Siege of Petersburg June 16, 1864, to December 12, 1864.
Battle of the Crater (Burnside's Mine), Petersburg, July 30.
Weldon R. R. August 18–21.
Poplar Springs Church September 29-October 2.
Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27–28.
Total Strength and Casualties
The Regiment lost a total of 202 men during service, 4 Officers and 81 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded, 3 Officers and 114 Enlisted men by disease.
Commanders
Colonel Mark Fernald Wentworth
See also
List of Maine Civil War units
Maine in the American Civil War
References
Houston,Henry C The Thirty-Second Maine Regiment of Infantry Volunteers, Press of Southworth Brothers, Portland,Maine, 1903
External links
State of Maine Civil War Records Website
Photograph of the 32nd Maine Infantry from the Maine Memory Network
32nd Maine Regiment
Military units and formations established in 1864
1864 establishments in Maine
Military units and formations disestablished in 1864 |
4030583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effa%20Manley | Effa Manley | Effa Louise Manley (March 27, 1897 – April 16, 1981) was an American sports executive. She co-owned the Newark Eagles baseball franchise in the Negro leagues with her husband Abe Manley from 1935 to 1948. Throughout that time, she served as the team's business manager and fulfilled many of her husband's duties as treasurer of the Negro National League. In 2006, she posthumously became the first (and, to date, only) woman inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, chosen by the Special Committee on Negro Leagues for her work as an executive.
Early life
Manley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she attended school. In 1916, she graduated from Penn Central High School, completing vocational training there in cooking, oral expression and sewing. She entered the hatmaking business.
Manley's racial background is not completely known. Her biological parents may have been white but she was raised by her black stepfather and her mother.
The racial background of Manley's mother Bertha (maiden name: Ford) Cole Brooks is contested. Most books say Bertha was German, Effa claimed her maternal grandfather was Native American, but her maternal grandfather was German. Bertha is listed as black on many censuses and documents, however, this could have been due to census takers and biases, no African ancestry has been proven conclusively.
Most assumed Manley's stepfather was her biological father and therefore classify her as black. However, according to the book The Most Famous Woman in Baseball by Bob Luke, Effa was born through an extramarital union between her seamstress mother, Bertha Ford Brooks, and Bertha's white employer, Philadelphia stockbroker John Marcus Bishop. Daryl Russell Grigsby wrote, "...some insist she was a white woman exposed to black culture, who identified as black. Regardless of her ethnic origins, Effa Manley thought of herself as a black woman and was perceived by all who knew her as just that." Author Ted Schwarz wrote, "She was a white woman who passed as a black...She could stay in any hotel she desired."
In an interview she gave, she seemed to enjoy the confusion her skin color created. She related a story of when her husband, Abe Manley took her to Tiffany's in New York for an engagement ring. She picked out a huge five-carat stone. She remarked at how every salesgirl in the store was on hand to get a glimpse of this "old Negro man buying this young white girl a five-carat ring" and how she got a kick out of it. In 1977, Manley was interviewed for an oral history project which is archived at the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History at the University of Kentucky Libraries.
Newark Eagles
She married Abe Manley in 1935 after meeting him at a New York Yankees game, and he involved her extensively in the operation of his own club, the Newark Eagles in Newark, New Jersey. She displayed particular skill in the area of marketing and often scheduled promotions that advanced the Civil Rights Movement. Her most noteworthy success was the Eagles' victory in the Negro World Series in 1946. She worked to improve the condition of the players in the entire league. She advocated better scheduling, pay, and accommodations. Her players traveled in an air-conditioned Flxible Clipper bus, considered extravagant for the Negro leagues.
She took over day-to-day business operations of the team, arranged playing schedules, planned the team's travel, managed and met the payroll, bought the equipment, negotiated contracts, and handled publicity and promotions. Thanks to her rallying efforts, more than 185 VIPs—including New York City Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, who threw out the first pitch, and Charles C. Lockwood, justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York—were on hand to watch the Eagles' inaugural game in 1935.
Among the Eagles players during her ownership were future major league stars such as Larry Doby, who in 1947 was the first player to integrate the American League, Monte Irvin, and Don Newcombe. Manley was critical of Brooklyn Dodgers executive Branch Rickey, who signed Jackie Robinson to a minor league contract in 1945. She felt Negro league teams were justified in requesting compensation for players who were signed to major league contracts (Cleveland Indians owner Bill Veeck did pay her $10,000 compensation for Doby's contract, with another $5,000 when he stayed on the Indians roster). Manley was also critical of Negro league fans who supported Rickey because they felt he was integrating the major leagues due to civil rights causes rather than her summation of Rickey seeking business opportunity for his motivation. She also was critical of Robinson when he talked of the disorganization of the Negro leagues, asking him to not forget his beginnings and the contributions the Negro leagues had made to the game.
Activism
Her influence extended beyond baseball; she was active in the Civil Rights Movement and a social activist. Before the civil rights movement, Manley supported "Don't Buy Where You Can't Work" boycotts. As part of her work for the Citizens' League for Fair Play, Manley organized a 1934 boycott of stores that refused to hire black salesclerks. After six weeks, the owners of the store (Blumstein's Department Store) gave in, and by the end of 1935 some 300 stores on 125th Street employed black clerks. Manley was the treasurer of the Newark chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and often used Eagles games to promote civic causes. In 1939 she held an "Anti-Lynching Day" at Ruppert Stadium, selling buttons that read “Stop Lynching” to support efforts to pass federal anti-lynching legislation. During World War II she arranged for entertainers to perform for segregated Black troops stationed at Fort Dix in New Jersey when they were barred from segregated USO clubs and canteens.
At this time most blacks were barred from practicing medicine. The Booker T. Washington Community Hospital, which offered training for black doctors and nurses, opened due in a large part to money raised from the Newark Eagles. They played numerous benefit games to raise money for new medical equipment. They also raised money for black Elks lodges, a major part of urban black social life. The Eagles worked especially hard for groups that promoted the welfare of Newark's black population. In an exhibit honoring the Negro leagues at the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, there is a banner given to the team by the Newark Student Camp Fund in recognition of their efforts to help the community. Another example of the relationship Effa helped forge with the community was copying a practice of another team which allowed the city's youth to attend games for free. Some children could afford the ten-cent fare for the bus ride while others jump on the back of a moving bus to take advantage of the free ballgames. Because of Effa Manley, the Newark Eagles were as important to black Newark as the Dodgers were to Brooklyn.
Death
By the spring of 1981, Manley's health had deteriorated to the point that she could no longer live in her apartment. She moved into a rest home run by former Negro league player Quincy Trouppe. Manley told Trouppe that she would go to the hospital to get checked out. She had cancer of the colon, which progressed into peritonitis after surgery. Manley had a heart attack and died on April 16, 1981, having never returned to the rest home. She died just four days after boxer Joe Louis, her sports idol, who had been one of the most influential black athletes of that time. Manley was buried in Culver City at the Holy Cross Cemetery.
Book
Manley and Leon Hardwick wrote Negro Baseball ... Before Integration. In addition to covering the Negro leagues from 1935 to 1960, parts of the book are autobiographical.
Legacy
She was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in February 2006. She was the first woman named to the Hall of Fame.
In 2010, her life was the subject of a children's book, She Loved Baseball: The Effa Manley Story, written by Audrey Vernick and illustrated by Don Tate.
See also
Women in baseball
References
External links
1897 births
1981 deaths
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Baseball executives
Negro league baseball executives
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
American women chief executives
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
Women baseball executives |
4030591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-14%20%28magazine%29 | J-14 (magazine) | J-14 is a monthly teenage magazine marketed at pre-teen and teenage girls around age 11–19. It is one of the earliest teen celebrity magazines. The magazine was among the top children's magazines in the 2012 list of Forbes.
History and profile
Launched in 1998, the first issue of the magazine hit stands in January 1999. It was started by Bauer Publishing, the United States division of the German firm Bauer Verlagsgruppe. The contents of these magazines include features like teen gossip, quizzes, fashion, posters, and information on celebrities that pertain to the readers. The name of the publication is a sound-alike abbreviation of its tagline "Just For Teens".
The headquarters of J-14 is in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
In April 2015, the Spanish language online edition the magazine was launched.
American Media, Inc. acquired Bauer's US children's magazines in 2018.
Circulation
An annual survey in 2007 by Experian Simmons Research of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, found that J-14 tied the former Nickelodeon Magazine among American girls 8–14 for familiarity, with nearly one in three girls in that age group surveyed saying they had read or looked at the magazine. Circulation was 217,183 copies in 2006.
References
External links
J-14 Official Web Site
J-14 Official Spanish Web Site
1998 establishments in New Jersey
Online magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Bauer Media Group
Magazines established in 1998
Magazines published in New Jersey
Spanish-language magazines
Spanish-language mass media in New Jersey
Teen magazines |
4030596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samim%20Bilgen | Samim Bilgen | Ahmet Samim Bilgen (April 12, 1910 Thessaloniki, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – September 9, 2005 Ankara) was a Turkish lawyer, best known for his musical career as a violinist and composer. His song Ilgaz (lyrics also belong to him) has become a household tune in Turkey, and is popular even in China.
Early life
Bilgen studied and practiced law professionally, but has also been an active musician, particularly in his youth.
After finishing Haydarpaşa German Primary School and Kabataş High School, he studied law at Istanbul University and graduated in 1931. In 1961-62, Bilgen studied international law at Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Samim Bilgen served as a lawyer at State Forestry Administration and in later years as a legal advisor at the Ministry of Finance.
Musical career
His musical life started in Istanbul during his high school years. He learned to play the piano from his mother, and trained himself in music theory as well as playing the violin. He attended Seyfeddin Asal's violin class in Istanbul Municipal Conservatory. While he was a law student, he started playing the violin professionally, first with Istanbul City Orchestra directed by the well known Turkish composer Hasan Ferit Alnar. Later, from 1930 to 1935, he played the first violin with Istanbul Conservatory Orchestra directed by Cemal Reşit Rey, also one of the top Turkish composers of the Republican era.
In 1933, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and President of the Turkish Republic, attended a performance of Bilgen's operetta Othello in Ankara, and expressed his admiration for the work. In 1935, two of his songs won prizes in a composition contest (organized by the daily newspaper Cumhuriyet, where Dmitri Shostakovich and Paul Hindemith were among the jury members. Professor Eugene Borrel of the Paris Conservatory heaped praise on Bilgen's collection entitled Turkish Folk Songs.
Throughout his life, he has endeavored to increase the popularity of polyphonic music in Turkey, and since 1973, he served on the consulting board of Sevda Cenap And Music Foundation.
Works
Operettas and stage music
Kadinlar mi erkekler mi? ("Women or men?") operetta for piano, flute, clarinet, two violins and cello, 1932.
Bu yaz böyle geçti ("So passed this summer") operetta for orchestra, 1935.
Othello" Stage music for violin, cello, piano and strings, 1930.
Merihten gelen telsiz ("The wireless from Mars") stage music for violin, piano and cello, 1930.
Ilgaz stage music for strings, 1931.
Köye dönüs ("Return to the village") stage music for strings, 1932.
Music for voice and piano
Turkish folk airs, 1935.
Five folk songs, 1939.
Ten folk songs, 1960-1980.
Souvenirs, 1930-1935.
Nocturne for piano solo, 1980.
Ballade for piano solo, 1980.
Published works
Souvenirs - Three piano pieces, Ilgaz, Return to the village, Women or men.
Two piano pieces, Nocturne, Ballade.
Turkish folk songs five folk songs.
Folk songs from yesterday to tomorrow five folk songs.
Marches four marches.
Two lieds Merdiven
His unpublished tango musics have been created in collaboration with his brother Tarık Rona (1914–1985).
Books
Bilgen, Ahmet Samim. (1986), Dünden Yarına Türküler Çokseslendirilmiş On Halk Türküsü. Ankara, Eser Matbaacılık.
References
1910 births
2005 deaths
Musicians from Thessaloniki
People from Salonica vilayet
Macedonian Turks
Harvard Law School alumni
Turkish classical composers
Deutsche Schule Istanbul alumni
Kabataş Erkek Lisesi alumni
Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni
20th-century Turkish lawyers
Turkish classical violinists
Turkish civil servants
20th-century classical composers
Male classical composers
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century male musicians
Male classical violinists |
4030599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koiso | Koiso | Koiso is the surname of the following people
Erkki Koiso (1934-2000), Finish ice hockey player
Kuniaki Koiso (1880-1950), Japanese prime minister
Noriko Koiso (born in 1974), Japanese basketball player
Ryōhei Koiso (1903-1988), Japanese artist |
4030624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocop | Electrocop | Electrocop is a 1989 action video game developed by Epyx and published by Atari Corporation in North America and Europe exclusively for the Atari Lynx. It was also released in Japan on November 25 of the same year, where it was instead distributed by Mumin Corporation. One of the first games written for the platform, it was one of the launch titles that were released along with the system in North America.
Set on a futuristic interpretation of Washington, D.C. in the year 2069, players assume the role of the titular robot created by MegaCorp who must infiltrate into the Steel Complex fortress in an attempt of rescuing the President of the United States' first daughter under a time limit from The Criminal Brain, who kidnapped her for a ransom and threats to kill her if his demand is not met. Conceived by Greg Omi, who also developed the Lynx hardware alongside Chip's Challenge creator Chuck Sommerville, Electrocop began its development prior to the existence of any functional Lynx hardware.
Electrocop has received mixed reception from critics and reviewers alike since its release, who unanimously praised the pseudo-3D visuals and sound department, but some criticized the repetitive nature of the gameplay and convoluted graphics. A version of the game was developed and completed by ICC for the Atari 7800 but never released.
Gameplay
Electrocop is a third-person shooter game in which players starts off with a countdown clock of one hour to complete the task of rescuing the president's daughter. The player has to make their way through different levels coming up against different foes. These foes are robots that go by, Walker, Python, Mine, Wall Cannon, Virus and Stringray. To get between each level players have to hack through different doors through a computer interface. While in this interface there are directories of Information where players can learn more about the robots, Programs that disable robots and help hack through codes, and Games where players can pass the time by playing games of Meteors, Letter Puzzle and Out Break. There are also a Med-pack which heals the player, and weapon repair to help repair damaged weapons. There are also different weapons to choose from to help you out during the course of the game.
Development and release
Electrocop was conceived by Greg Omi when he worked at Epyx as games developer and programmer alongside Chuck Sommerville. In an online interview with website The Atari Times, Omi recounted about the development process of the game, stating that work on the project began before any functional Atari Lynx hardware existed and the team were working on an emulator of the console on the Amiga microcomputer at a slow frame rate, in addition of also using a video camera to scan the image in order to test how the graphics would look like once the hardware was finalized, although an early revision of the Lynx capable of displaying raster graphics was made later during development. Omi also stated that he initially had a lack of knowledge of 3D computer graphics and matrices, as he needed a graphical perspective for his project and consulted Blue Lightning programmer Stephen Landrum in how to write it, as the system could not perform sprite rotation.
A long-running rumor was that Electrocop initially started as a 3D sequel to Dennis Caswell's Impossible Mission. However, when asked about this rumor, Omi said "it's funny, but I can't remember if it was supposed to be a sequel to Impossible Mission or not. I remember writing a story and basic game design and pitching it to RJ [Mical], but I don't remember if they were asking for a sequel." Despite being a fan of Impossible Mission and knowing Caswell personally, Omi could not recall if he was still a member of Epyx. Atari composer Alex Rudis was also involved during the production of the project and created the music for it. The introductory sequence was created by Sommerville, who developed an animation engine that would be re-used on other titles for the hardware such as Blue Lightning and Todd's Adventures in Slime World, in addition of the minigame sequences.
Electrocop was one of the original launch titles during the initial release of the Lynx in 1989, along with the aforementioned Blue Lightning, California Games and Gates of Zendocon. It was also released in Europe around the same time period and later in Japan on December 23 of the same year, where it was distributed by Mumin Corporation instead and the difference between the international and Japanese releases is that the latter came bundled with an instruction manual in Japanese. The game was first showcased to the public during the International Summer Consumer Electronics Show 1989 along with the system, though early previews showed the title under the earlier name Net Runner.
Atari 7800 version
A version of Electrocop was in development by ICC for Atari Corporation on the Atari 7800, focusing on action and platforming instead of the third-person shooter gameplay style from the original Lynx version and was also showcased during an exhibition at the Consumer Electronics Show in a complete state. The 7800 version is notable for being one of the first titles where director and writer Amy Hennig was involved, creating the artwork using Atari ST and Macintosh computers as a freelancer. However, despite Hennig stating that work on the project was completed, this version would never be released due to Atari cancelling its release late during the official life span of the system. In a 2007 forum post at AtariAge, former MicroProse UK employee Steve Goss revealed artwork of the cancelled conversion that was given to him by Hennig herself.
Reception
Electrocop garnered mixed reception. In a capsule review for STart, Clayton Walnum praised the game's graphics and variety of challenges. Robert A. Jung reviewed the game which was published to IGN Entertainment. In his final verdict he wrote "This cart was a brilliant concept that didn't completely click; the race against the clock and the real-time exploration/combat elements are hampered with uninspired gameplay and little variety. Electrocop's stunning visuals and sounds make it fun to watch, but whether you'd buy a game for its razzle-dazzle is a personal decision." Giving a final score of 7 out of 10.
Legacy
In recent years, Greg Omi has stated that no sequel was ever planned to be in development. In 1993, Atari Corp. requested several Epyx titles in order to be converted and release to the then-upcoming Atari Jaguar, with Electrocop among the list of selected titles, although no actual development on a Jaguar version was ever started.
References
External links
Electrocop at AtariAge
Electrocop at GameFAQs
Electrocop at Giant Bomb
Electrocop at MobyGames
1989 video games
Action video games
Atari games
Atari Lynx games
Atari Lynx-only games
Cancelled Atari 7800 games
Cyberpunk video games
Epyx games
Minigames
Run and gun games
Science fiction video games
Single-player video games
Third-person shooters
Video games about police officers
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Alex Rudis
Video games set in the 2060s
Video games set in the future
Video games set in the United States
Video games set in Washington, D.C. |
4030625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20Conspiracy | Dark Conspiracy | Dark Conspiracy is a near-future horror role-playing game (RPG) originally written by Lester W. Smith and published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1991. Several newer editions have been published.
Setting
Dark Conspiracy is set in the United States of the early 21st century after a "Greater Depression" has destroyed the global economy and left many countries isolated and bankrupt. Many American cities have expanded to form massive metroplexes, in some cases covering entire states. Outside of the metroplexes the majority of the country has become known as "Out-Law" where there is virtually no federal or state protection and the road network joining metroplexes is poorly maintained. Scattered throughout the Out-Law and even in the darker and more forbidding areas of the Metroplexes, zones known as "Demonground" are spawning mysterious "dark minions": monsters armed with deadly weapons. Players typically assume the roles of "Minion Hunters", people who have stumbled across this "Dark Incursion" and have taken up arms against it.
Publication history
First edition
Game designer Lester Smith created Dark Conspiracy, a near-future game of dark horror, which was subsequently published as a 366-page softcover book by GDW using a rules system derived from Twilight: 2000. Seventeen artists contributed artwork, including Larry Elmore (cover art), Earl Geier, Tim Bradstreet, Janet Aulisio and Elizabeth Danforth.
The following year, a trilogy of Dark Conspiracy novels by Michael Stackpole was published. The first edition also had numerous expansion volumes such as Empathic Sourcebook, Dark Races I, Protodimensions, PC Booster Kit, and Darktek; as well as several adventure modules, and a boardgame.
The first edition was also well-supported in GDW's own gaming magazine Challenge, and occasionally in several other gaming publications such as Dragon and White Wolf. The UK magazine Role Player Independent also carried several articles about the first edition game.
The first edition uses the same skill-based rule system as Twilight 2000, using a d10 based system for determining success at skill use. Character creation is achieved through a multi-step process in which the player selects various career terms for their character. Each career term specifies either a pre-determined set of skills that the character gained, or allows a certain number of points to be distributed among a set skill list. Each skill is governed by an attribute, either randomly rolled or set using a point distribution method. Each career term also grants the character a fixed number of contacts. As a limit to the number of terms a character can take, each term ages the character four years. Once a certain age limit is reached, the player has to make rolls to prevent the loss of physically oriented attributes due to aging.
The rules also include an expansive illustrated list of equipment for use in the characters' fight, and pictures of many of the items, weapons and vehicles mentioned. Game designer Lester Smith explained, "Some people want lots; others want little... [P]eople that don’t want them can ignore them, but people who do want them will be glad they’re there. It doesn’t work the other way ‘round... As a role-player myself, I want to be able to see what something looks like, if my character is going to be carrying it. I hate picking something for its stats and having no idea of what it looks like."
Second edition
The Dark Conspiracy product line was discontinued in 1993 due to the declining customer interest. When GDW went out of business in 1995, Dark Conspiracy Enterprises picked up the rights to Dark Conspiracy and later licensed a second edition to Dynasty Presentations. This was published in 1997 as two folio-sized volumes, a book for players, and a book for gamemasters. Both books were published as shorter "Basic" editions and long "Master" editions.
Third edition
Dark Conspiracy Enterprises licensed The Gamers' Conglomerate to publish a third edition, but this did not happen. In 2010, the option for a third edition was granted to Kinstaff Media. Kinstaff created a division called 3 Hombres Games, which published the PDF of a third edition in 2012 that uses a new rules system with revised character generation and combat rules.
A supplement titled Conspiracy Rules and other material were under development when 3 Hombres Games went out of business.
Products
1st Edition
Dark Conspiracy Core Rulebook
Game Tools
PC Booster Kit
Sourcebooks and Scenarios
Among the Dead (Scenario)
Dark Races #1 Compendium (Sourcebook)
DarkTek (Sourebook)
Empathic Sourcebook (Sourcebook)
Heart of Darkness (Scenario)
Hellsgate (Scenario)
Ice Daemon (Scenario)
New Orleans (Scenario)
Nightsider (Scenario)
Proto-Dimensions Sourcebook #1 (Sourcebook)
Board game
Minion Hunter (Core Game)
Minion Nation (Expansion Set)
Novels
Michael A. Stackpole wrote three novels, the Fiddleback trilogy, set in the Dark Conspiracy universe that were published by GDW and released alongside the first edition of the game.
A Gathering Evil
Evil Ascending
Evil Triumphant
2nd Edition
Player's Handbook (Basic Edition)
Player's Handbook (Master Edition)
Referee's Guide (Basic Edition)
Referee's Guide (Master Edition)
Game Tools
Referee's Screen & Adventures (contained the adventures Ice Daemon and Nightsider converted to 2nd Edition rules).
Scenarios and Sourcebooks
The Shadow Falls (Sin City, Vol 1)
Of Gates and Gods (Sin City, Vol 2)
Masks of Darkness (Sin City, Vol 3)
Third edition
Conspiracy Rules - The main rulebook for Dark Conspiracy III. Currently in version 1.1 with any outstanding errata corrected.
Empathic Guide - A free rules expansion detailing psionics rules and sanity. Largely derived from the original Empathic Sourcebook with new material by Lee Williams and Norm Fenlason, who also provided the interior illustrations.
Conspiracy Rules Character Sheet - The official and expanded PDF form-fillable and auto-calculating version of the Conspiracy Rules character sheets. Designed by Norm Fenlason who also provided the cover design.
Detour - A short adventure by Captain Obvious, art by David Lee Ingersoll.
Acute Care - A short adventure written by Dave Schuey, art by David Lee Ingersoll.
This Just In - A short adventure written and illustrated by Norm Fenlason. Originally conceived as the intro adventure for The Gamers Conglomerate's cancelled edition.
Tampete - A fan-made city Sourcebook published in 2017.
Clockwork Publishing Proposed Material
Core Rulebook
Referee Screen with introductory scenario
Equipment sourcebook
Monsters sourcebook
Scenario collection
Empathic powers sourcebook
Reception
In the November 1991 edition of Dragon (Issue 175), Allen Varney liked the thoroughness of the rules, but thought the horror aspect of the game was unfocussed, dealing as it did with everything from campy 1950s space monsters to the brooding horror of Lovecraftian aliens. "I might legitimately question... how well the rules aid the various kinds of horror." However, Varney concluded that the game had much to offer experienced gamemasters who knew what "flavour" of horror game they wanted to create: "The Dark Conspiracy game targets experienced referees who already know the kinds of horror adventures they want to run. Its long and very complete rules offer much value to players who want a fair shot (or multiple autofire shots) against the monsters. This game is a giant step forward for GDW in size, presentation, and imagination.""
In a 1996 reader poll by Arcane magazine of readers to determine the 50 most popular roleplaying games of all time, Dark Conspiracy was ranked 43rd. Editor Paul Pettengale commented: "Players take on the roles of people who have learnt of the evil forces at work in the world, and are struggling to defeat them. The evil forces have infiltrated what remains of the government and powerful corporations. A great blend of cyberpunk, Call of Cthulhu and conspiracy paranoia."
Reviews
White Wolf #29 (Oct./Nov., 1991)
Shadis #52 (Oct., 1998)
References
External links
Dark Conspiracy fan website and forum
Demonground Magazine website
Protodimension Magazine archive
Far Future Enterprises website
Dark Conspiracy at Clockwork Publishing
Science fiction role-playing games
Horror role-playing games
Game Designers' Workshop games
Role-playing games introduced in 1991
Campaign settings
Role-playing games about conspiracy theories |
4030626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heceta%20Head%20Light | Heceta Head Light | Heceta Head Light is a lighthouse on the Oregon Coast 13 miles (21 km) north of Florence, and 13 miles (21 km) south of Yachats in the United States. It is located at Heceta Head Lighthouse State Scenic Viewpoint, a state park, midway up a 205-foot-tall (62 m) headland. Built in 1894, the 56-foot (17 m)-tall lighthouse shines a beam visible for 21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi), making it the strongest light on the Oregon Coast.
The light is maintained by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (OPRD), while the assistant lighthouse keepers' house, operated as a bed-and-breakfast inn, is maintained by the U.S. Forest Service. The lighthouse is from Sea Lion Caves.
History and construction
Heceta Head is named after the Spanish explorer Bruno de Heceta, who explored the Pacific Northwest during the late 18th century. Before him, Heceta Head was a spot of frequent fishing and hunting by the American Indian tribes that populated the area. Heceta Head is part of the Siuslaw Indians' traditional lands, known in their language as ɫtúwɪs. They hunted sea lions in the area and gathered sea bird eggs from the offshore rocks. It was also the site of a legend — the Animal People built a great stone wall, which is now the cliffs, and tricked the Grizzly Bear brothers to their deaths there. In 1888, white settlers moved into the area and claimed of the surrounding land. That same year, the United States Lighthouse Service approved the building of the lighthouse, and the government bought , out of the previously purchased, for the lighthouse structures.
In 1892, a crew of 56 began construction on the site. Because of the site's seclusion, building materials were either shipped in, if the weather and tide permitted, or brought from Florence by wagon, the latter usually taking four to five hours. Stones were brought from the Clackamas River and bricks came from San Francisco. The lens system was made by Chance Brothers. Completed in August 1893, the entire project cost $80,000 and consisted of:
The lighthouse
Houses for the head lightkeeper, the two assistant lightkeepers and their families
A barn
Two kerosene oil storage buildings — if one had caught fire, there was a secondary source
Heceta Head Light and Keepers Quarters was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 for its architectural and engineering significance. The site originally included several other buildings — farm buildings and the single-family head lighthouse keeper's house, which was demolished in 1940, and was very similar in size and design to the remaining house. After electricity was installed in the lighthouse buildings, the position of head lighthouse keeper was no longer needed. The lighthouse keeper’s house was sold for $10, and dismantled for its lumber, which was used to build Alpha Bit bookstore-cafe in Mapleton, still in existence today. The remaining keepers' house was a duplex that housed the first and second assistant lighthouse keepers and their families. After the light was automated in 1963, the last keepers moved away, and the remaining house was leased to Lane Community College in 1970 by the U.S. Forest Service, which had taken over management of the building. The porch of the Queen Anne-style house underwent restoration in 1981.
The Heceta Head Lighthouse closed to the public in August 2011 for restoration and repairs. Under the supervision of OPRD preservation architect Sue Licht, a team of more than 100 subcontractors and craftsmen, the majority of whom were from Oregon, removed cement stucco that had sealed in moisture so that the lighthouse could air out in the damp coastal environment. They also replaced and restored the tower's historic metalwork and masonry, installed new windows, and repaired the len’s rotating mechanism. The interior and exterior of the lighthouse were repainted and the original wood floor of the workroom was uncovered and reconditioned. The lighthouse has been returned as much as possible to the way it would have looked in 1894. When restoration work was completed, it was reopened after being closed for two years, on June 8, 2013. That day the OPRD welcomed a group of nearly 100 supporters to Heceta Head State Scenic Viewpoint to celebrate the reopening.
See also
List of lighthouses in Oregon
List of Oregon state parks
References
External links
Heceta Head Lighthouse Keeper’s House (official website)
Heceta Head Light entry in National Park Service inventory of historic lighthouses
Discover Oregon Lighthouses: Heceta
"Ghostly Tale Draws Couple To Heceta Head", May 16, 2002 article from The Register-Guard
Heceta House: A History and Architectural Survey from the U.S. Forest Service
3D Model
Lighthouses completed in 1893
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Oregon Coast
National Register of Historic Places in Lane County, Oregon
Transportation buildings and structures in Lane County, Oregon
Parks in Lane County, Oregon
Bed and breakfasts in Oregon |
4030635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul%20to%20Squeeze | Soul to Squeeze | "Soul to Squeeze" is a song by the American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers that was originally recorded during the production of their fifth studio album, Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1991). Although it was not featured on the record and was used as a B-side on the singles "Give It Away" and "Under the Bridge", "Soul to Squeeze" was later released as a single in 1993. The song was included in the Coneheads film soundtrack. "Soul to Squeeze" was eventually re-released for the 2003 Greatest Hits album. It can also be found on the band's Live Rare Remix Box and The Plasma Shaft.
"Soul to Squeeze" became a success when it peaked at number one on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The single also peaked at number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number seven on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart. In Australia, Canada, Iceland, and New Zealand, the song reached the top 10, and in Sweden, it became the band's first single to chart, peaking at number 13.
Music video
The music video for "Soul to Squeeze" was directed by Kevin Kerslake and was shot in black and white. The video is "set at a traveling circus with the band members playing various 'freaks' and makes several references to [Coneheads], including a cameo from Chris Farley". John Frusciante does not appear in the video, as he had left the band more than a year before it was filmed.
Track listings
CD version 1
"Soul to Squeeze"
"Nobody Weird Like Me" (Live)
"Suck My Kiss" (Live)
CD version 2 (card cover)
"Soul to Squeeze"
"Nobody Weird Like Me" (Live)
CD version 3 (EP)
"Soul to Squeeze"
"Nobody Weird Like Me" (Live)
"If You Have to Ask" (Friday Night Fever Blister Mix)
"If You Have to Ask" (Disco Krisco Mix)
"If You Have to Ask" (Scott And Garth Mix)
"If You Have to Ask"
"Give It Away" (Edit)
7-inch jukebox vinyl
"Soul to Squeeze"
"Nobody Weird Like Me" (Live)
Cassette single
"Soul to Squeeze"
"Nobody Weird Like Me" (Live)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
Certifications
Release history
See also
Number one modern rock hits of 1993
References
1991 songs
1993 singles
Black-and-white music videos
Music videos directed by Kevin Kerslake
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Chad Smith
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by John Frusciante |
4030636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Hodgkinson | Alan Hodgkinson | Alan Hodgkinson MBE (16 August 1936 – 8 December 2015) was an English professional football goalkeeper and goalkeeping coach.
Playing career
Hodgkinson signed for Sheffield United from Worksop Town on 1 August 1953, and made 675 first-team appearances (576 in the league) for the Blades between 1953 and 1971, his first being a friendly game against Clyde on 6 April 1954.
Hodgkinson made his league début in Division One in a 2–1 away victory against Newcastle United on 28 August 1954 but, despite showing his undoubted potential, the presence of number one goalkeeper Ted Burgin until 1957 and National Service limited his opportunities for the first team. The arrival of Joe Mercer as manager established Hodgkinson's place as first-choice goalkeeper in the side behind the defensive line of Cec Coldwell, Graham Shaw, Brian Richardson, Joe Shaw and Gerry Summers. In 1966–67, he won the Sheffield United Supporters player of the year award. His brilliance and reliability made sure of his place until the signing of John Hope in 1971. His final appearance was, like his first, in a friendly, on 23 January 1971 against Chesterfield.
Hodgkinson was also an England International at full and under-23 levels, making his debut for both during the 1956–57 season. His first full England cap came against Scotland in 1957 and he also played against Denmark, and Republic of Ireland (twice in World Cup qualifying games). He was in England's squad for the 1958 World Cup in Sweden but did not feature in any of their games. Two years after his final cap, he returned to the England squad for the 1962 World Cup in Chile as backup to Ron Springett, but once again was not selected for any of the matches.
Coaching career
Hodgkinson moved on to professional coaching and worked at numerous clubs, including Rangers, Everton, Manchester City, Aston Villa, Leicester City, Watford, Sheffield Wednesday, Gillingham, Oldham Athletic, and Birmingham City, and is credited with bringing Peter Schmeichel to Manchester United. Hodgkinson worked at United for seven years before becoming Scotland goalkeeping coach, where he tutored players such as Jim Leighton and Andy Goram. He also had a spell as a youth goalkeeping coach at Rangers and Watford. After a spell with Coventry City, Hodgkinson moved to Rushden & Diamonds and worked with goalkeeper Billy Turley, who then later joined Hodgkinson when he moved to Oxford United. Turley left Oxford in 2010 but Hodgkinson remained to coach first-team keeper Ryan Clarke and later also Max Crocombe. Hodgkinson's retirement from football, at the age of 76, was announced in August 2012.
He is credited as being the world's first full-time goalkeeping coach; goalkeepers were required to train with outfield players before Hodgkinson's arrival into coaching.
Managerial career
Hodgkinson spent six years as assistant manager of Gillingham between 1975 and 1981, working as assistant to Gerry Summers, with whom he played at Sheffield United.
He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours.
Personal life
After retiring, Hodgkinson wrote an autobiography entitled Alan Hodgkinson Between The Sticks, which was released on 9 May 2013.
He died on 8 December 2015 at the age of 79.
External links
Alan Hodgkinson profile at goalkeepersaredifferent.com
References
1936 births
2015 deaths
England international footballers
England under-23 international footballers
Footballers from South Yorkshire
English footballers
1958 FIFA World Cup players
1962 FIFA World Cup players
Association football goalkeepers
Sheffield United F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. non-playing staff
Rangers F.C. non-playing staff
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Oxford United F.C. non-playing staff
English Football League players
Worksop Town F.C. players
People from the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham
Manchester City F.C. non-playing staff
English Football League representative players
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
Association football goalkeeping coaches
Coventry City F.C. non-playing staff
Gillingham F.C. non-playing staff
Everton F.C. non-playing staff
Aston Villa F.C. non-playing staff
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. non-playing staff
Birmingham City F.C. non-playing staff
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. non-playing staff
Watford F.C. non-playing staff |
4030644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20steelbands | List of steelbands | Steelbands, originating from Trinidad and Tobago, are groups of musicians who play steelpan instruments including the Tenor, Double Tenor, Double Second, Cello, Guitar, Quadrophonic and Bass together as an orchestral ensemble, often with expansive percussion and rhythm section.
This is a list of notable steelbands organized by country.
Trinidad and Tobago
United Kingdom
References |
4030665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Brooks | Donald Brooks | Donald Brooks (January 9, 1928 – August 1, 2005) was an American fashion designer and creator of the "American Look" founded in the 1950s and 1960s. He had an immense passion for stage and film, designing well over 3500 costumes. His efforts were recognized by an Emmy Award and numerous other honors; he was also nominated three times for the Academy Award and once for a Tony.
Biography
He was born as Donald Marc Blumberg in New Haven, Connecticut on January 9, 1928. Brooks attended Syracuse University, where he began studying art. He then attended the Yale University School of Drama, where he first decided to become a costume and clothing designer. He studied design at the Fashion Institute of Technology and then the Parsons School of Design in New York. Brooks' first job in the fashion industry was as a window designer for department store Lord & Taylor. The former vice president of Lord & Taylor, Gerald Blum (his life partner with whom he lived at 969 Park Avenue in NYC) described Brooks: "As an American Designer, he never relied on Paris, Milan or that kind of thing, as many designers do,". The window designs brought a lot of attention to Brooks. This would him the job position of taking over Claire McCardell's place of designing Townley Frocks in 1958. He attracted the attention of Dorothy Shaver, the store's president, who hired him to design a clothing line that year.
By the 1960s, Brooks was a preeminent figure in American fashion, cited by The New York Times as one of "the three B's of fashion" alongside Bill Blass and Geoffrey Beene. In 1962, Brooks became one of the founders of the Council of Fashion Designers of America. This endorsed Brooks' popularity, in a matter of a decade he was able to win three Coty Awards made for Broadway and Hollywood. This was the beginning spark for Brooks' career in the costume design world. He opened his first store in 1963.
In addition to his work on Seventh Avenue, Mr. Brooks also designed the costumes for numerous Broadway plays. The 1963 production of "No Strings" which starred Diahann Carroll, incorporated some of Brooks' designs which rewarded him with the New York Drama Critics' Award. Brooks was nominated for three Academy Awardsfor his pieces in "the Cardinal" of 1963, "Star" of 1968, and "Darling Lili" of 1970. He worked under his own label from 1965 to 1973. Throughout this time, he designed sweaters for Jane Irwill, Shoes for Newton Elkin, furs for Coopchik-Forrest and many designs for different department stores.
In 1971, he explored the field of drapery fabrics and bed linens and created designs for the well-known department store, Burlington. His success in theatrical designs continued through this time. In 1982 Brooks won an Emmy for his pieces in the TV show "The Letter" which starred Lee Remick. His awards include The New York Drama Critics Award, a Tony nomination, and the Emmy Award. He was also the recipient of three Coty Awards for fashion and the Parsons' Medal of Distinction.
Towards the end of his career, Brooks' designs were placed in the 2003 Parsons exhibit. The galleries showed a range of his designs, one being his evening wear.
He died on August 1, 2005, at Stony Brook University Hospital in Stony Brook, New York.
References
External links
1928 births
2005 deaths
American fashion designers
Yale School of Drama alumni
Fashion Institute of Technology alumni
Syracuse University alumni
Artists from New Haven, Connecticut
People from Bridgehampton, New York
LGBT people from Connecticut
20th-century American Jews
LGBT Jews
21st-century American Jews
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people |
4030667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangaur | Gangaur | Gangaur (, ISO 15919: Gaṇagaura ) is a festival celebrated in the Indian state of Rajasthan and Nimaar region (Barwani, Khargone, Khandwa etc.) of Madhya Pradesh. It is also celebrated in some parts of Gujarat and West Bengal.
Gangaur is colorful and one of the most important festivals of the people of Rajasthan and is observed throughout the state with great fervor and devotion by womenfolk who worship Gauri, the wife of Lord Shiva during March–April. It is the celebration of spring, harvest, marital fidelity, and childbearing...
Gana is a synonym for Lord Shiva and Gaur which stands for Gauri or Parvati who symbolizes Saubhagya (marital bliss). The unmarried women worship her for being blessed with a good husband, while married women do so for the welfare, health, and long life of their husbands and happy married life. People from Rajasthan when migrated to Kolkata in West Bengal started celebrating Gangaur. This celebration is now more than 100 years old in Kolkata. The 2022 date for the festival is 18 March.
Rites and Rituals
The festival commences on the first day of chaitra, the day following Holi, and continues for 16 days. For a newly-wedded girl, it is binding to observe the full course of 18 days of the festival that succeeds her marriage. Even unmarried girls fast for the full period of 16 days and eat only one meal a day.
Festivity consummates on 3rd day of Shukla paksha of Chaitra Month. Fairs (Gangaur Melas) are held throughout the 18-day period.
Numerous folklores are associated with Gangaur which makes this festival deeply ingrained into the hearts of Rajasthan, and parts of Madhya Pradesh, Haryana & Gujarat.
Images and Paintings
Images of Isar and [Parvati|Gauri]] are made of clay for the festival. In some Rajput families, permanent wooden images are painted afresh every year by reputed painters called matherans on the eve of festival. A distinct difference between the idols of Teej and Gangaur is that the Idol will have a canopy during the Teej Festival while the Gangaur idol would not have a canopy.
Mehandi
The ladies decorate their hands and feet by drawing designs with Mehndi (myrtle paste). The figures drawn range from the Sun, Moon and the starts to simple flowers or geometrical designs. Ghudlias are earthen pots with numerous holes all around and a lamp lit inside them. On the evening of the 7th day after Holi, unmarried girls go around singing songs of ghudlia carrying the pots with a burning lamp inside, on their heads. On their way, they collect small presents of cash, sweets, jaggery, ghee, oil etc. this continues for 10 days i.e. up to the conclusion of the Gangaur festival when the girls break their pots and throw the debris into the well or a tank and enjoys a feast with the collection made.
Vrat katha ()
Once upon a time, Lord Shiv, along Goddess Parvati and Narad Muni went out to take a small trip. When they reached a nearby forest, the news of their arrival spread like wild fire. As the women were busy preparing a gorgeous spread for the Gods and Goddess, the women of the low class came with their offerings. Lord Shiv and Goddess Parvati happily ate the food and Goddess sprinkled the "suhagras" on them.
After a certain time, the women of the high classes came with the food they had prepared. When they had finished eating Lord Shiv asked his wife that with what was she going to bless the women as she had already completely finished the "suhagras" on blessing the women of lower classes. To this, Goddess Parvati replied that she intended to bless these women with her own blood. Saying so, she scratched the tip of her finger and sprinkled the blood on these women.
Gauri's Departure
The festival reaches its climax during the last three days. The images of Gauri and Isar are dressed in new garments especially made for the occasion. Unmarried girls and married women decorate the images and make them look like living figures.
At an auspicious hour in the afternoon, a procession is taken out to a garden, bawdi or johad or well with the images of Isar and Gauri, placed on the heads of married women. Songs are sung about the departure of Gauri to her husband's house. The procession comes back after offering water to the first two days. On the final day, she faces in the same direction as Isar and the procession concludes in the consignment of the all images in the waters of a tank or a well. The women bid farewell to Gauri and turn their eyes and the Gangaur festival comes to an end.
Gangaur at Jaipur
The Gangaur of Jaipur is famous in all over the world. In Jaipur, a sweet dish called a ghewar is characteristic of the Gangaur festival. People buy ghewar to eat and distribute it among their friends and relatives. A procession, with the image of Gauri, commences from the Zanani-Deodhi of the City Palace. It then passes through Tripolia Bazaar, Chhoti Chaupar, Gangauri Bazaar, Chaugan stadium and finally converge near the Talkatora. People from all walks of life come to witness the procession.
Gangaur at Udaipur
Udaipur has the privilege of having a dedicated Ghat named after Gangaur. Gangaur Ghat or Gangori Ghat is situated on the waterfront of Lake Pichola. This ghat serves as prime location for celebration of multiple festivals, including Gangaur festival. Traditional processions of Gangaur commences from the City Palace, and several other places, which passes through various areas of the city. The procession is headed by an old palanquins, chariots, bullock carts and performance by folk artistes. After the processions are complete, the idols of Gan and Gauri are brought to this ghat and immersed in the Lake Pichola from here.
References
https://www.ifside.com
External links
Gangour: Feel the essence of Mewar
Gangaur: Rajasthan Hindu Harvest Festival
Gangaur Festival in Kolkata
Gangaur, and the stories of Gauri (Goddess Parvati) and Mahadevji (Lord Shiva)
Making of Gangaur idol
Gangaur: Festival in Nimaad
Festivals in Rajasthan
March observances
April observances
Hindu festivals |
4030683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny%20Young | Kenny Young | Kenny Young (born Shalom Giskan, April 14, 1941 – April 14, 2020) was an American songwriter, musician, producer and environmental campaigner who wrote and in some cases produced hit songs for The Drifters, Ronnie Dove, Herman's Hermits, Mark Lindsay, Reparata and the Delrons, Clodagh Rodgers, Quincy Jones, and Fox, among others. His most successful and famous songs as a writer include the Grammy Hall of Fame song "Under the Boardwalk" (co-written with Artie Resnick), and the Grammy Award winning song, "Ai No Corrida" (co-written with Chaz Jankel). From the late 1960s, he lived in the UK.
Early life
Young was born in Jerusalem in April 1941. After moving to the US with his parents as a child, he grew up in the Lower East Side of Manhattan and attended Rabbi Jacob Joseph School, Seward Park High School and the City University of New York (CUNY), where he majored in sociology and psychology.
Career
Aged 22, and after changing his name to Kenny Young, he started working as a songwriter for Bobby Darin's TM Music at the Brill Building. His first success as a writer was "Please Don't Kiss Me Again", an R&B chart hit for the Charmettes in 1963. He began writing with Artie Resnick, and the pair wrote "Under the Boardwalk", recorded by The Drifters in 1964 and later by The Rolling Stones, The Beach Boys, John Mellencamp, Billy Joe Royal, Bruce Willis, Tom Tom Club, Lynn Anderson and many other artists. His other songs written with Resnick included Ronnie Dove's chart hits "One Kiss for Old Times' Sake" and "A Little Bit of Heaven", both in 1965. Young also wrote Ronnie Dove's "When Liking Turns to Loving", as well as chart hits for Herman's Hermits ("Just a Little Bit Better" and "Don't Go Out Into the Rain") and The Seekers ("When Will the Good Apples Fall"). He also recorded as a singer in the 1960s, releasing several singles under his own name, and as The Squirrels, San Francisco Earthquakes, and more.
In 1968, he wrote "Captain of Your Ship", recorded by Reparata and the Delrons. Although not a hit in the US, it became successful in Britain, and Young traveled to London with the band when they appeared on Top of the Pops. Following the show, he met John Lennon and Ringo Starr, and decided to stay in London. In 1969, he had several UK hits as a writer and record producer for singer Clodagh Rodgers, including "Come Back and Shake Me" and "Goodnight Midnight", and produced singles by The Searchers. He also wrote hits in the US for Mark Lindsay, including "Arizona" and "Silver Bird".
Young also recorded as a singer-songwriter and released two solo albums in a similar style to James Taylor, Clever Dogs Chase The Sun (1971) and Last Stage For Silver World (1973), but with limited success. In Britain, Young formed two bands, Fox and Yellow Dog with whom he played, wrote and produced their top ten hits. In 1974 he formed Fox, a band featuring Noosha. The band broke up in 1977. Fox had three top 10 hits in the UK and other European countries, including "Only You Can" and "S-S-S-Single Bed". Yellow Dog's biggest hit was "Just One More Night". Young's other bands were Gentlemen Without Weapons (with co-producers Vic Coppersmith-Heaven and Nick Glennie-Smith), 39 Vybes, and Rhythms del Mundo whose albums have gone platinum and gold in many countries.
Environmentalism
In the 1980s Young co-founded the rainforest conservation organization, Earth Love Fund, with colleagues Vic Coppersmith-Heaven and Nick Glennie-Smith. He recorded the song "Spirit of the Forest" which was supported by musicians including Chris Rea, Donna Summer, Joni Mitchell, Ringo Starr, Debbie Harry, Gilberto Gil, and members of Pink Floyd and Fleetwood Mac. In 1990 he co-founded and organised the charity Earth Love Fund, which released two albums, Earthrise 1 and 2, to fund environmental initiatives around the world, with particular emphasis on rainforest projects. He received the United Nations Global 500 Award for outstanding practical achievements in the protection and improvement of the environment for his work as co-founder and trustee of the Earth Love Fund, which supported and initiated over 200 community based projects in Brazil, Africa, Asia and Australia.
He wrote and co-produced and performed an album Transmissions by Gentlemen Without Weapons on A&M Records. The band used only digital samples of nature for the music. The album was supported by a video produced by Storm Thorgerson, who also designed the album cover.
In 2006 he founded Artists' Project Earth (APE), which raises awareness and funds for climate change projects and for natural disaster relief. For APE, he produced five compilation albums, again featuring leading musicians, to raise funds for environmental projects covering such areas as climate justice, fracking and shale oil pollution, wildlife protection, agroforestry, seed saving projects, wetlands restoration, reef conservation and marine plastic pollution. Young also co-produced the Hollywood Genesis Award-winning film Spirit of the Forest, a BBC TV documentary about the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.
He produced the series of albums Rhythms del Mundo with musicians from Buena Vista Social Club and featured Coldplay, Radiohead, U2, Arctic Monkeys, Sting, Franz Ferdinand, Kaiser Chiefs, Dido, Ibrahim Ferrer, Omara Portuondo and other top international artists. This was followed up by the second album Rhythms del Mundo Classics featuring collaborations between top Cuban musicians with The Killers, Amy Winehouse, The Rolling Stones, Jack Johnson and many others; followed up by Rhythms Del Mundo – Revival featuring: Bob Dylan, Green Day, Coldplay and Dizzee Rascal. The most recent production was Rhythms Del Mundo – Africa featuring Coldplay, Beyonce, Eminem, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mumford & Sons and Rokia Traore. The proceeds from the album benefit the environmental non-profit organization Artists Project Earth, which raises awareness and funds for climate change projects and for natural disaster relief efforts.
Death
Young died on his 79th birthday in 2020, in Banbury, England, after suffering from cancer for several years.
Discography
Albums
Clever Dogs Chase The Sun (1971)
Last Stage For Silver World (1973)
Chart singles written by Young
References
External links
Kenny Young at Songwriters Hall of Fame
Kenny Young at DBOPM: the database of popular music
1941 births
2020 deaths
People from Jerusalem
Record producers from New York (state)
Songwriters from New York (state)
American male songwriters
Jewish American musicians
Jewish American songwriters
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
21st-century American Jews |
4030685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty%20Sanchez | Dirty Sanchez | Dirty Sanchez may refer to:
Television and film
Dirty Sanchez (TV series), a 2003 British television series also known as Team Sanchez
Dirty Sanchez: The Movie, a 2006 comedy film based on the TV series
Dirty Sanchez, a character in the film Big Money Rustlas
Music
Dirty Sanchez (band), an electroclash band from Los Angeles, California
"Dirty Sanchez", a song by the band Burden Brothers on the album 8 Ball
"Dirty Sanchez", a song by the band Ghoultown on the album Give 'Em More Rope
Dirty Sanchez, an album by the band Zeke
Other
Dirty Sanchez (sexual act), an act associated with coprophilia |
4030691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobe%20Terrace%20%28Seattle%29 | Kobe Terrace (Seattle) | Kobe Terrace is a public park in the International District neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. It incorporates the Danny Woo International District Community Garden. Named after Kobe, Seattle's sister city in Japan, it occupies most of the land bounded on the west by 6th Avenue S., on the north by S. Washington Street, on the east by Interstate 5, and on the south by S. Main Street.
Some of the wood structures in the Danny Woo Garden were constructed by the Neighborhood Design/Build Studio of the University of Washington College of Architecture and Urban Planning under the direction of Steve Badanes.
The former Nippon Kan Theatre is adjacent to the park.
See also
History of the Japanese in Seattle
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060106235714/http://www.cityofseattle.net/parks/parkspaces/kobeterrace.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20060427005207/http://www.interimicda.org/garden.htm
Japanese-American culture in Seattle
Parks in Seattle
Chinatown-International District, Seattle |
4030693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hing%20Hay%20Park | Hing Hay Park | Hing Hay Park () is a public park in the Chinatown–International District neighborhood of downtown Seattle, Washington, United States. The park is located on the north side of South King Street between 6th and Maynard avenues, east of Union Station and the Historic Chinatown Gate. It was built in 1973 and includes a pavilion, community games, and two gateways.
The park is a noncontributing property within the Seattle Chinatown Historic District described in 1986. Both are within the Seattle Chinatown International District established by City Ordinance 119297 in 1988.
Features and events
After its expansion, the park occupies the south half-block north of S. King Street, between 6th Avenue S. (on the west) and Maynard Avenue S. (on the east). The original portion of the park occupies the quarter block at the corner of S. King Street and Maynard Avenue S.
The original park has an authentic pavilion in the center, along with benches and chess tables. Placed on a diagonal in the southeast corner is a small hanging bulletin board with its own tiled roof. One side contains an outdated map of the district and the other is for community news. Its placement is according to principles of feng shui. Parallel placement would have blocked the qi from flowing into the businesses on the opposite side of the street.
There is a large mural dominated by a dragon and featuring scenes of railroad construction, the Kingdome, and the King Street Station clock tower on the wall of the neighboring Bush-Asia Center, painted by John Woo in 1977. In addition, the park features a memorial cenotaph for ten Chinese-American veterans who were killed during World War II. The local American Legion Cathay Post No. 186 holds an annual Memorial Day ceremony there.
Tai chi classes and free music are presented in the summer. The annual Dragon Fest also centers on Hing Hay Park.
History
Funds to purchase the buildings and land at the corner of Maynard and King were made available by the Forward Thrust bond initiative, approved by voters in 1968. During the planning phase, the proposed park was generically named the International District Mini Park. The original park space was designed by the landscape architecture firm of Sakuma, James, and Peterson, led by S.K. Sakuma; the land was previously occupied by the Specie Bank of Seattle, built in 1911, and the park, originally , was completed in 1973.
The pavilion and furniture were donated by the then Mayor of Taipei after a visit to Seattle in the early 1970s. He met with then King County Council member Ruby Chow, who explained to him that the city had purchased and torn down the condemned buildings on the land, proposing a park instead, but it needed to be as care free as possible because the city could not afford on going maintenance costs. After discussions with Ruby Chow, the mayor of Taipei offered to donate the brickwork, pavilion and bulletin board from his own private funds. He sent over a crew of trained workers to aid in its construction; the pavilion was completed in 1975.
Expansion
Using funds from a voter-passed parks levy, the city Parks Department purchased the former post office on the west side of the existing park in 2007, intending to demolish it to nearly double the size of Hing Hay Park, adding . The landmark feature of the design proposal was an artistic gateway for the new entrance on the southwest corner of the expanded park. Other features of the new design included seating, landscaping inspired by terraced rice paddies, and performance spaces (including the landmark gateway). The Friends of Hing Hay Park, formed in 2012, met regularly with the internationally known design team of SvR (from Seattle) and Turenscape (based in Beijing).
Construction of the expansion project began on January 6, 2016 shortly after the contract was awarded to WS Contractors; the old post office was demolished by February. The Hing Hay Park Expansion opened on June 29, 2017. Although the park was largely complete by April, the artistic gateway and light poles caused the park's opening to be delayed.
The large artistic gateway, constructed of perforated red metal and measuring , was designed and fabricated offsite by Studio Fifty50. It was installed in February 2018. A celebration was held on March 24, 2018 to mark the completion of the expansion project. Studio Fifty50 also designed and fabricated the perforated red metal stair risers used elsewhere in the park expansion.
In media
It is mentioned in a Blue Scholars song, "Talk Story" from The Long March EP.
"Hing Hay Market" is a location within the open world of 'Infamous 2nd Son' (2014). Suckerpunch studios version of Seattle’s Chinatown is overall greatly exaggerated and Hing Hay market appears to be more of an evolution of the real Hing Hay park rather than a 100% accurate representation.
Gallery
References
External links
Official page on the City of Seattle web site
Chinese-American culture in Seattle
Parks in Seattle
Chinatown-International District, Seattle |
4030709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%27t%20Stop%20%28Red%20Hot%20Chili%20Peppers%20song%29 | Can't Stop (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) | "Can't Stop" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers from their eighth studio album, By the Way (2002). It was released as the third single released from the album on February 3, 2003. The song was the band's eighth number one on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, where it spent three weeks topping the chart, and peaked at number 57 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Can't Stop" performed moderately well on international charts as well as on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks and Mainstream Rock charts.
Composition and lyrical denotation
The song is instrumentally composed in 4/4 standard time and in the key of E minor. The verse plays twice before the bridge, as well as the chorus. During the bridge, Frusciante plays sparsely in a reggae style, only strumming on the up-beat. Following the bridge, Frusciante utilizes a fuzz (Big Muff Pi by Electro Harmonix) in his solo. He also makes extensive use of a tone-bend.
Lyrically, "Can't Stop" is a prime example of the band's occasional use of writing lyrics to an established rhythm, rather than rhythms to established lyrics. Kiedis writes in his typical circumlocutory style. Nonetheless, the predominant theme of cultivating an inner, personal energy (evidenced in the title and the final line: "This life is more than just a read-through.") can be understood in almost every line. The verses are addressed to the listener (or perhaps to himself), in an instructional tone, with references to Kiedis's own life, as well as citing the inspiration of Defunkt ("Defunkt, the pistol that you pay for") and Julia Butterfly Hill ("J. Butterfly is in the treetops"). The bridge marks a slight departure, as Kiedis suggests he had temporarily forgotten this philosophy, and looks to a new girlfriend to help himself back on his feet.
Music video
The Mark Romanek-directed music video for the single, released on January 24, 2003, features all four of the band members doing seemingly random and excessively abstract actions such as holding many water bottles or attempting to balance buckets on their heads. It begins with the camera swooping through a yellow tube to Anthony Kiedis, wearing glasses, and is subsequently followed by the foursome running through a hall with light fixtures attached to their backs. The band engages in various activities, such as wearing a giant purple hippopotamus mask, playing with rubber balls, jumping, abstract scenes with boxes, buckets, water bottles, trash cans, flying through the air, pink foam peanuts, plants, playing guitar in a room full of empty blue chairs/room with lamps turning on and off.
At certain segments of the video, one can see guitarist John Frusciante playing an orange Toronado and a silver Fender Stratocaster, which is unlike his style due to the fact that he only plays vintage guitars (both guitars being under five years of age). Frusciante later explained he was instructed to play the guitars by director Mark Romanek since they blended well with the color scheme used in the video; he also noted that he was never actually playing the guitars.
Inspiration for the video was attributed to Austrian artist Erwin Wurm, as indicated by the sign at the end of the video. The lighting was positioned in order to provide a clean-cut, contemporary atmosphere which would integrate with the video's concept. Orange was chosen to be the backsplash color by Romanek. His creative hand attempted to mirror Wurm's abstract "One Minute Sculptures", by having the band perform random scenes, which seem to fit no purpose. However, in retrospect, they were not intended to be anything more than arbitrary actions, fitting with the ideas expressed in Wurm's work.
Reception and chart performance
The song itself is distinct, especially when in comparison to the various other tracks on By the Way. Some consider the song to be among the only true punk/funk sounds on the entire album, along with "Throw Away Your Television". "Can't Stop" was considered to be "energetic" and melodically encompassing, by combining textured, melodic, and funky themes together into one.
The song was the Chili Peppers' eighth number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and second from the album By the Way. It also peaked at number 57 on the Billboard Hot 100. Regardless of the moderate recognition it received on the Billboard Hot 100, the song is a live performance staple.
Track listings
CD single 1
"Can't Stop" (John Frusciante single mix) – 4:29
"If You Have to Ask" (live)
"Christchurch Fireworks Music" (live) – 5:42
CD single 2
"Can't Stop" (John Frusciante single mix) – 4:29
"Right on Time" (live)
"Nothing to Lose" (live) – 12:58
CD single 3 and 7-inch single
"Can't Stop" (John Frusciante single mix) – 4:29
"Christchurch Fireworks Music" (live) – 5:42
Personnel
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Anthony Kiedis – lead vocals
John Frusciante – guitar, handclaps, backing vocals
Flea – bass, backing vocals in live performances
Chad Smith – drums, handclaps
Charts
Certifications
Release history
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
2002 songs
2003 singles
Music videos directed by Mark Romanek
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Chad Smith
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by John Frusciante |
4030712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuthbert%20Burbage | Cuthbert Burbage | Cuthbert Burbage (c. 15 June 1565 – 15 September 1636) was an English theatrical figure, son of James Burbage, builder of the Theatre in Shoreditch and elder brother of the actor Richard Burbage. From 1589 he was the owner of the ground lease of the Theatre. Best known for his central role in the construction of the Globe Theatre, he was for four decades a significant agent in the success and endurance of Shakespeare's company, the King's Men.
Family
The Burbage family is now thought to have come to London from Bromley in Kent. Cuthbert Burbage, baptized 15 June 1565 at St. Stephen Coleman Street near the London Guildhall, was the elder of the two surviving sons of James Burbage (c.1531–1597) and Ellen Brayne (c.1542–1613), the daughter of Thomas Brayne (d.1562), a London tailor, and his wife, Alice Barlow (d.1566). His younger brother was the renowned actor, Richard Burbage. He had two sisters, Ellen (baptized 13 June 1574, buried 13 December 1596) and Alice (baptized 11 March 1576).
The Theatre in Shoreditch
Burbage's father found employment for him with Sir Walter Cope, a second cousin of Lady Burghley, and gentleman usher to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley. According to Wallace, Cuthbert Burbage's position as 'servant' to Cope was likely as a clerk in the Treasury.
In June 1586 he reached the age of majority, and joined his father in an ongoing legal dispute over the Theatre in Shoreditch. In August of that year the London grocer John Brayne, his father's brother-in-law, died, allegedly as a result of blows at the hands of his partner in the building of the George Inn in Whitechapel, the London goldsmith, Robert Miles, who was 'tried for murder' at a coroner's inquest.
James Burbage and Brayne had originally financed the building of the Theatre in Shoreditch together; it was later claimed that Brayne had bankrupted himself in so doing. However they had no written agreement governing the terms of their partnership, and had earlier fallen out. Brayne, who was childless, had failed to revise his will to leave his interest in the Theatre to James Burbage's children, as he had promised to do, and Burbage had failed to grant Brayne a half interest in the 21-year ground lease which he had signed with Giles Allen on 13 April 1576, and had kept it solely in his own name. On 9 August 1577 an assignment of lease had been drawn up, and on 22 May 1578 Burbage signed a bond in the amount of £400 requiring him to assign a half interest in the ground lease to Brayne, but this was never done. Brayne accused Burbage of double-dealing, and in the following month the partners submitted their dispute to arbitration by two friends, in the course of which Burbage struck Brayne and they fell to fisticuffs. On 12 July 1578 the arbitrators submitted the articles containing their decision, and both Burbage and Brayne signed bonds in the amount of £200 as a guarantee of performance.
To further complicate matters, in order to evade his creditors, not only with respect to the Theatre but also in connection with the building of the George Inn with Robert Miles, Brayne signed various deeds of gift of his property, and on 26 September 1579 Burbage borrowed £125 8s 11d from the London grocer John Hyde, in return for which he mortgaged the ground lease of the Theatre for a one-year term. Hyde was not repaid, and the ground lease was forfeited to Hyde on 27 September 1580. Hyde allowed Burbage to continue operating the Theatre and extended the lease, but it was again forfeited to Hyde for non-payment. Hyde had Burbage arrested for debt in June 1582, and tried to put Brayne out as part owner of the Theatre.
In the same year, 1582, Edmund Peckham sued Giles Allen over ownership of the ground on which the Theatre stood, and their dispute escalated to the point that, as Cuthbert Burbage later deposed in 1600, his father was forced to hire men to guard the Theatre both day and night. Performances were stopped, and Leicester's Men, who had been playing there, disbanded as a company. James Burbage then became Lord Hunsdon's man, and from 1583 on Hunsdon's Men, known as the Lord Chamberlain's Men from 1585, performed at the Theatre.
Thus, at the time of Brayne's death in August 1586, the only legal documents which established that Brayne had had any financial interest in the Theatre were the two bonds which he had managed to get Burbage to sign. James Burbage allowed Brayne's widow, Margaret (née Stowers), a share of the profits for a short time, but then cut her off. At about the same time Hyde, as legal owner of the forfeited ground lease, falsely represented that he had sold his interest to his father-in-law, George Clough, and tried to remove James Burbage from the Theatre and replace him with Clough.
In early 1587 Margaret Brayne, with financial backing from Robert Miles, sued James Burbage at common law in an attempt to either recover on the bonds or obtain a half interest in the ground lease and the profits of the Theatre. In the same year the executors of Robert Gardner, to whom Brayne had made one of his deeds of gift, also sued Burbage. In the autumn of 1588 Burbage brought an action of his own against Margaret Brayne in Chancery, and Margaret Brayne then counter-sued in Chancery. The legal battles between Burbage and the widow Brayne continued for a decade, with Burbage always emerging the victor.
While these lawsuits were ongoing, both James Burbage and Margaret Brayne sought to obtain an assignment of the ground lease from Hyde. In June 1589 both James and Cuthbert Burbage sought help from Cuthbert's employer, Walter Cope, who accordingly wrote to Hyde suggesting that he, Cope, might be of service to Hyde with the Lord Treasurer, Lord Burghley, on some future occasion if Hyde would assign the ground lease of the Theatre to Cuthbert Burbage. With some reluctance Hyde complied, and on 7 June 1589 assigned his interest in the ground lease of the Theatre to Cuthbert Burbage. According to Wallace, James Burbage continued to manage the Theatre, and business went on much as before, 'but the Theatre itself was Cuthbert's'. Hyde said later that he would not have made the assignment had it not been for Cope's letter. Cuthbert Burbage was equally dissatisfied with the arrangement. He later deposed that he agreed only to save his father from debt, and was of the view that he could have used his influence with Cope to better personal advantage. He was forced to borrow money to pay Hyde, and although the amount is not known with certainty, a statement by Hyde himself indicates that it was almost the entire original debt of £125 8s 11d plus interest.
Through his ownership of the ground lease, Cuthbert Burbage was drawn further into the ongoing battles between his father and the widow Brayne. On 4 November 1590 she obtained a court order sequestering the Theatre property until the hearing of the case; however on 13 November Cuthbert succeeded in having that order stayed, and obtained an order for performance of the 1578 arbitration. On 16 November Margaret Brayne, Robert Miles and his son Ralph, and a friend, Nicholas Bishop, took a copy of the order to the Theatre to enforce its terms by taking half the profits from the gallery that day. They arrived just as playgoers were flocking in for a performance. James Burbage, after initial argument through a window of the Theatre, came down into the yard and called Robert Miles a knave and a rascal, and the widow Brayne a 'murdering whore'. James Burbage's wife and her son Richard Burbage, then only about nineteen, came into the yard and beat Robert Miles with a broomstaff. Richard Burbage, after 'scornfully and disdainfully playing with Nicholas Bishop's nose', threatened to beat him also. At that point Cuthbert Burbage arrived, and threatened the intruders with 'great and horrible oaths'. They were then violently thrust out of the yard. Some of the actors were attracted by the tumult, among them John Alleyn, brother of Edward Alleyn, who also put in a word for the widow Brayne, to no avail. The Admiral's Men, of which the Alleyn brothers were members, subsequently withdrew from the Theatre and went across the river to play at Henslowe's theatre. On 28 November Margaret Brayne had James Burbage arrested for being in contempt of the court order, and for the next two or three years there was a lengthy investigation into the contempt issue which was still ongoing when Margaret Brayne died in late April 1593. In her will dated 8 April she made Robert Miles her sole executor and left him all her property, including her half interest in the Theatre, and he thereby inherited the litigation in which he had already been active as her financial backer. Miles filed a bill of reviver near the end of the year and continued the suit in Chancery until 28 May 1595, when the court finally adjudged that he should attempt to collect on the bonds in the common law courts, which he appears not to have attempted.
James Burbage died in February 1597, and two months later the ground lease on the Theatre expired, Giles Allen having refused to renew it. At this point Miles brought an action against Cuthbert Burbage in the Court of Requests, the outcome of which is not known as the relevant documents are no longer extant.
The Globe in Southwark
Cuthbert Burbage was left to execute the matter of finding the Lord Chamberlain's Men a new home after the lease of the Theatre expired. James Burbage's attempt to bring his company to the Blackfriars Theatre had been stymied by opposition from Blackfriars' wealthy residents; Burbage and company were faced with an imminent crisis.
After a last futile attempt to renew the lease, Burbage took action. He leased the Blackfriars to impresario Henry Evans, whose intended use of it for performances by children did not attract opposition. The situation regarding the Theatre was more problematic. The lease, however, gave him the right to use the framing timber of the building, if he did so before the expiration of the lease. When he did not do so, Alleyn announced his intention to use the timber for his own purposes. Looking for a place for his new theatre, Burbage made a verbal agreement with Nicholas Brend for a lease on a stretch of land on Maid Lane in Bankside, near Philip Henslowe's Rose Theatre. Burbage hired Peter Streete to take down the old Theatre and to build the new one from as much of the salvaged material as possible. On the night of 28 December 1598, Cuthbert, Richard, a certain William Smith "of Waltham Cross, in the County of Hertford, gentleman", Streete, and twelve others took down the Theatre, carried all the wood and timber across the River Thames and built it again there. This new theatre was renamed the Globe. It opened by September 1599. (The Chamberlain's Men, in the interim, appear to have performed at the Curtain Theatre in Shoreditch).
The Globe provided a stable home for the Chamberlain's Men and their successors, the King's Men, for the next four decades. Cuthbert and his brother had financed the new venue by making five actors (William Shakespeare, John Heminges, Augustine Phillips, Thomas Pope, and William Kempe) as a group, half-sharers in the profits of the house: this arrangement seems to have solidified the structure of the group, helping cement the position of the Chamberlain's Men as the preeminent troupe in London.
Together with Richard Robinson and Winifred (d.1642), his wife, William Heminges, Joseph Taylor and John Lowin, Burbage filed a Bill of Complaint on 28 January 1632 in the Court of Requests against the owner of the Globe, Sir Matthew Brend, in order to obtain confirmation of an extension of the 31-year lease originally granted by Sir Matthew Brend's father, Nicholas Brend.
Death
Burbage remained one of the keepers of the Globe until his death, aged seventy-one years, in 1636, and the position appears to have been lucrative for him; he lived in a house in a fashionable district, St Giles Cripplegate, and owned another estate in Middlesex.
Portrayals in Media
On stage
Billy Nevers portrays Cuthbert in & Juliet on the West End, presenting him as a fun-loving superfan of Shakespeare.
Notes
References
Further reading
English drama
Theatre owners
1565 births
1636 deaths
People associated with Shakespeare
People of the Elizabethan era
17th-century English people
Theatre in England
17th-century theatre managers
16th-century theatre managers |
4030713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunji | Cunji | Cunji may refer to,
Cunji, Guinea-Bissau, place in West Africa
Tunicate, various sea squirt species known as cunji in Australia |
4030716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow%20Meadows%2C%20Houston | Willow Meadows, Houston | Willow Meadows is a subdivision in Houston, Texas, United States.
Willow Meadows straddles the southwest corner of 610 Loop, but lies fully inside Beltway 8. The subdivision is next to Meyer Park, a shopping center. Willow Meadows is east of Meyerland, north of Willowbend, west of Westwood, and south of the city of Bellaire.
The neighborhood consists of a handful of tree-lined streets. The homes are generally 50- to 60-year-old ranch style houses. Because of its relatively short commute time to the Texas Medical Center, Downtown Houston, and Uptown Houston, the neighborhood is home to mostly upper-middle class professionals and educators. The neighborhood does border Brays Bayou which occasionally floods the northern reaches of the subdivision. However, flooding levels throughout the neighborhood tend to be lower than surrounding neighborhoods.
Willow Meadows is in Texas's 7th congressional district .
Education
Willow Meadows is zoned to Houston ISD schools. All residents are zoned to Red Elementary School and Meyerland Performing and Visual Arts Middle School (formerly Johnston Middle School); Students zoned to Meyerland Performing Arts Middle School may attend Pin Oak Middle School in Bellaire instead. Residents north of West Bellfort are zoned to Bellaire High School (in Bellaire), while residents south of West Bellfort are zoned to Westbury High School.
Red Elementary is in Willowbend Section 4. Named after doctor Samuel Clark Red, it opened in 1957. It received a magnet program in mathematics, science, and technology, converted into a full STEM magnet in 2012. Circa 2019 it had about 600 students.
The Robert M. Beren Academy, a K-12 Judaic school, is located in the area .
Ms. Wagner's School and Trafton Academy are also in the area. Trafton Academy is located in Willowbend Section 2.
The Emery/Weiner School is east of the subdivision bordering the Westwood subdivision.
Government and infrastructure
The neighborhood is within the Houston Police Department's Southwest Patrol Division .
Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Hospital District) designated Valbona Health Center (formerly People's Health Center) in Greater Sharpstown for ZIP code 77035. The nearest public hospital is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center.
Parks and recreation
Willow Park, a park operated by the City of Houston, is located at 10400 Cliffwood, adjacent to Red Elementary School . Willow Park is in Willow Meadows Section 3.
References
External links
Willow Meadows
Willow Meadows Neighbors
Neighborhoods in Houston |
4030728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Stein%20%28mime%29 | Daniel Stein (mime) | Daniel Andrew Stein (born 1952) is an American modern performer of a type of physical theater known as corporeal mime.
Early years
Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Stein studied under Dale Gutzman at Whitefish Bay High School, in suburban Milwaukee. Stein appeared in productions of Peer Gynt, Dracula, The Great Sebastians and Gutzman’s own original musical Flash Gordon. Stein also starred in Gutzman’s original musical tragedy The Gods, a multimedia production based on the life of Jean-Gaspard Deburau, the 19th century French mime who performed in pantomime blanche, so called because of the whiteface the artist wore.
Stein also competed in high school forensic interpretive poetry reading competitions.
Professional career
Stein has taught throughout the world at institutions such as the Juilliard School of Drama, and The Institute of Dramatic Arts, Tokyo. He had his own school in Paris for 15 years. In 2007-08, Stein was a Visiting Guest Artist in Dramatic Arts at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky. From June 2009 until May 2016, he was the Director of Movement and Physical Theatre for the Brown University/Trinity Rep MFA Program in Providence, Rhode Island. Since March 2016, Stein has been a senior lecturer SOE and Director of the BFA Actor Training Program in the Department of Theater and Dance at UC Santa Barbara.
Stein holds dual American and French citizenship.
Performance history
His first solo performance, Timepiece, which deals with the passage of time in the life of a man, and how conflict and power, and subsequently, joy and love emerge from time's progression, has been widely viewed as ushering an era of movement performance into corporeal mime. In Timepiece, the objects on stage are translated from their everyday uses into idealistic symbols. A chair, for example, is no longer just to sit on, but rather also an image of support and strength. This performance is visual music with a beginning, middle and end.
Barton Wimble of the New York Daily News wrote of Timepiece: "Perhaps a handful of times can a critic sit in a theatre and in the space of a mere hour see a performer change the entire course of an established art form, but that is precisely what happened when Daniel Stein opened the Dance Theatre Workshop's 'New Mime Series.'"
Sylvie Drake of the Los Angeles Times hailed Timepiece as: "One of those rare revelatory experiences one waits for in the theatre."
Critical attitude
Stein has said this about "physical theater": "I think physical theater is much more visceral and audiences are affected much more viscerally than intellectually. The foundation of theater is a live, human experience, which is different from any other form of art that I know of. Painting, writing, music happen in a mostly interpretive way, which is to say that somebody sits down and writes something and then somebody else interprets it, often in front of a camera. Live theater, where real human beings are standing in front of real human beings, is about the fact that we have all set aside this hour; the sharing goes in both directions. The fact that it is a very physical, visceral form makes it a very different experience from almost anything else that we partake of in our lives. I don’t think we could do it the same way if we were doing literary-based theater."
Awards
Stein has received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, the United States/Japan Commission, the Pew Charitable Trust and has been named a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow.
Books that mention Stein’s performances include Modern and Post Modern Mime by Thomas Leabhart (Modern Dramatists); From the Greek Mimes to Marcel Marceau and Beyond: Mimes, Actors, Pierrots and Clowns: A Chronicle of the Many Visages of Mime in the Theatre by Annette Bercut Lust (2002) (Scarecrow Press); and Le Theatre Du Geste by Jacques Lecoq (Bordas – Paris).
See also
Theatre
Physical theatre
Corporeal mime
References
External links
Daniel Stein Official Website
"MIME: DANIEL STEIN'S 'SCENES'", by Jack Anderson, The New York Times, October 1, 1981
1952 births
Living people
People from Milwaukee
American mimes
Whitefish Bay High School alumni |
4030729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science/Engineering%20Specialized%20Learning%20Center | Science/Engineering Specialized Learning Center | The Science/Engineering Specialized Learning Center, S&E or SnE, is a public high school magnet program housed within Manalapan High School, located in Englishtown, in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The program, started in 1985, is designed for students with an interest in focusing on mathematical and scientific subjects.
The program has had 10 to 40 students in each class, which has recently been changed to a maximum of 30 per class, and the curriculum consists largely of courses related to engineering, science, and high level mathematics. The program has many Advanced Placement (AP) courses, which can provide college credit with appropriate scores (3, 4, or 5). A member of the Freehold Regional High School District, the learning center serves no more than 100 students at any time.
Applicants, drawn from the communities in the Freehold Regional High School District, take an entrance exam in the eighth grade that tests their abilities in mathematics and English. In addition, there is also a personal statement portion of the application which allows students to write an essay on why they wish to go to the school as well as telling of their extracurricular activities or awards. Parents have been known to move into the district just so their children may have a chance to be accepted into S&E.
The program has knowledgeable and helpful teachers. Most students score very highly on standardized tests (AP, SAT, ACT Exam, PSAT/NMSQT, High School Proficiency Assessment). In 2006, the average SAT score was 2,185: 713 Verbal, 770 Math, and 702 Writing, and more recent SAT scores have been similar. If this center was ranked as a separate high school, it would rank #2 out of more than 27,000 U.S. high schools based on SAT scores. However, as a STEM focused school it would place higher than top schools like High Technology High School. It also performs well in competitions such as the American Mathematics Contest or the Science League.
The program also provides students with the opportunity to get involved with internships and research, through the Honors Engineering Research course students take their senior year. For each half of the year, students can work on a research project or an individual supervised learning experience (SLE). For research projects, students can choose from eight topics: astronomy, computer interfacing, fluid statics and dynamics, laser art and communication, magnetic forces and fields, mathematical models, robotics, and alternative energy and environmental concerns. During these projects, students are encouraged to set and meet goals, and keep a log of their progress. For SLE's, the program helps place students at internships at local companies, including engineering firms, manufacturing firms, software development firms, telecommunications firms, solar energy installation companies, and public utility companies. Students are also able to pursue opportunities they find on their own. At the end of each half of the school year, students give final presentations summing up their work to their peers.
Required courses
Freshman year
Freshman year is often regarded as the easiest year of the four in the program.
Honors Algebra II/ Honors Geometry - A combined course in which two classes usually offered separately are taught at an accelerated pace over the span of one year. Typically, Geometry is taught the first semester then Algebra II the second semester. Students who have completed Geometry in the 8th grade can choose between Financial Literacy and AP Microeconomics to occupy their first semester, both of which satisfy the financial literacy requirement for graduation.
AP Biology
Computer Programming & Engineering Design - Also a combined course in which the first semester concentrates on computer science which is mostly of the programming language C++. The second semester focuses on engineering design or drafting.
Sophomore year
AP Statistics
Honors Precalculus
AP Chemistry
Junior year
AP Computer Science A
AP Calculus BC
AP Physics C Mechanics
Electronics I
Senior year
AP Physics C Electricity and Magnetism
Honors Multivariable Calculus
Honors Senior Research Project (optional internship)
References
External links
Manalapan High School website
Englishtown, New Jersey
1985 establishments in New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1985
Magnet schools in New Jersey
Public high schools in Monmouth County, New Jersey |
4030730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former%20constellations | Former constellations | Former constellations are old historical Western constellations that for various reasons are no longer widely recognised or are not officially recognised by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Prior to 1930, many of these defunct constellations were traditional in one or more countries or cultures. Some only lasted decades but others were referred to over many centuries. All are now recognised only for having classical or historical value. Many former constellations had complex Latinised names after objects, people, or mythological or zoological creatures. Others with unwieldy names were shortened for convenience. For example, Scutum Sobiescianum was reduced to Scutum, Mons Mensae to Mensa, and Apparatus Sculptoris to Sculptor.
Some of the Northern Sky's former constellations were placed in the less populated regions between the traditional brighter constellations just to fill gaps. In the Southern Sky, new constellations were often created from about the 15th century by voyagers who began journeying south of the Equator. European countries like England, France, the Netherlands, German or Italian states, etc., often supported and popularised their own constellation outlines. In some cases, different constellations occupied overlapping areas and included the same stars. These former constellations are often found in older books, star charts, or star catalogues.
The 88 modern constellation names and boundaries were standardised by Eugene Delporte for the IAU in 1930, under an international agreement, removing any possible astronomical ambiguities between astronomers from different countries. Nearly all former or defunct constellations differ in their designated boundaries in as much as they have outlines that do not follow the exact lines of right ascension and declination.
Noteworthy former constellations
Argo Navis
Argo Navis is the only constellation from Ptolemy's original list of 48 constellations that is no longer officially recognized. Due to its large size, it was split into three constellations by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille: Carina (the keel), Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails). The new constellations were introduced in the 1763 star catalog Coelum Australe Stelliferum, which was published soon after de Lacaille's death.
Quadrans Muralis
Quadrans Muralis was originally created in 1795, placed in the northern skies between the still-accepted constellations Boötes and Draco. The Quadrantids meteor shower is named after this former constellation.
Remnant nomenclature
53 Eridani retains the name Sceptrum from the former constellation Sceptrum Brandenburgicum.
List of former constellations
See also
Asterism
Lists of constellations
Julius Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627, "Christian Starry Sky") renamed the pagan constellations with new names after Christian figures.
References
Further reading
Allen, Richard Hinckley (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning New York: Dover. (Original work published 1899)
Nick Kanas. Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography. Springer; 5 June 2012. .
External links
Former Constellations
Obsolete Constellations
Felice Stoppa: Le costellazioni scomparse dal cielo
Les Constellations Disparues |
4030732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/121P/Shoemaker%E2%80%93Holt | 121P/Shoemaker–Holt | 121P/Shoemaker–Holt, also known as Shoemaker-Holt 2, is a periodic comet in the Solar System.
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
121P/Shoemaker-Holt 2 – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
121P at Kronk's Cometography
Periodic comets
0121
121P
121P
121P
Comets in 2013
19890309 |
4030738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul%20Assassins | Soul Assassins | Soul Assassins is a hardcore hip hop project of Cypress Hill member and producer DJ Muggs. Each album features a plethora of guest rappers and is primarily produced by Muggs; the second and third studio albums see contributions from other producers such as The Alchemist and DJ Khalil.
Discography
Albums
1997: Soul Assassins: Chapter I
2000: Soul Assassins II
2009: Soul Assassins: Intermission
2018: Soul Assassins: Día Del Asesinato
Singles
1997: Dr. Dre & B-Real - Puppet Master
2009: Sick Jacken & Evidence - Classical
2009: Bun B, M-1 - Gangsta Shit
Mixtapes
2002: Soul Assassins Mixtape Vol. One
References
External links
American hip hop groups
Hip hop collectives |
4030751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katayama | Katayama | is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Entertainers
, Japanese stage actress
, Japanese film actress
, Japanese film actress and singer, former AKB48 member
Politicians
, Japanese-born member of the American Communist Party
, 46th Prime Minister of Japan
, Japanese Osaka Ishin no Kai politician
, Democratic Party of Japan politician, former Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications
, Japanese Liberal Democratic Party politician, former Minister of Finance
Sportspeople
, Japanese figure skater
, Japanese football defender
, Japanese professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and auto racer
, Japanese javelin thrower
, Japanese Grand Prix motorcycle road racing world champion
, Japanese racing driver
, synchronized swimming coach in Japan, Olympic competitor for South Korea
, Japanese golfer
, Japanese ice hockey player
, Japanese cross-country mountain biker
, Japanese sumo wrestler
, Japanese football defender (J2 League)
, Japanese football forward (J2 League)
, Japanese baseball pitcher
, Japanese football forward (J2 League)
, Japanese snowboarder
Nobuaki Katayama, Japanese racing driver and automative engineer
Writers
, Japanese poet and translator
Elizabeth Kata (full name Elizabeth Colina Katayama; 1912–1998), Australian novelist
, Japanese novelist best known for Crying Out Love, In the Centre of the World
, Japanese author of light novels
Other
, Japanese architect who designed the original buildings for the Imperial Nara Museum and Kyoto Imperial museum
, Japanese automotive executive best known as the long-time president of Nissan's US operations
, Japanese interior designer
, Japanese historian of Inner Asia
Fred Katayama (born 1960), American television journalist of Japanese descent
, Japanese animator and director
, Japanese artist
See also
Katayama fever, another name for Schistosomiasis
Katayama Detachment of the Imperial Japanese Army's 2nd Division during World War II
Japanese-language surnames |
4030761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Agnew | Sam Agnew | Samuel Lester "Slam" Agnew (April 12, 1887 – July 19, 1951) was an American professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball from 1913 through 1919 for the St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox and Washington Senators. Agnew batted and threw right-handed.
Life
He was born in Farmington, Missouri on 12 April 1887.
Agnew debuted with the St. Louis Browns on April 10, . In 105 games his rookie season, Sam hit .208 with 2 home runs and 24 RBI, stealing 11 bases, in 307 at bats. In , Agnew hit .212 with 16 RBI in 115 games. That season he finished 23rd in the balloting for Most Valuable Player, losing out to Eddie Collins of the Philadelphia Athletics. In , he slipped down to a .203 average with 19 RBI in 104 games.
On December 16, , the Boston Red Sox purchased Agnew from the St. Louis Browns. Serving as the backup to regular backstop Pinch Thomas, Agnew hit .209 (14-for-67) with 7 RBI in 40 games. During a late season Red Sox game, a fight broke out after Carl Mays hit a Washington player with a pitch. The benches emptied and subsequently Agnew punched out Senators manager Clark Griffith. Agnew was arrested and was suspended by the American League President for five days.
Splitting time behind the plate with Thomas in , Agnew hit .208 with 16 RBI in 85 games. Although he was considered the regular catcher in , Agnew struggled at the plate, hitting just .166 with a career-low 6 RBI in 72 games. His offensive woes continued during the 1918 World Series, as he went hitless in nine at bats over four games against the Chicago Cubs.
In January , Agnew was purchased from the Boston Red Sox by the Washington Senators. In just 42 games, Agnew hit a career-high .235 with 10 RBI. He played his final major league game on September 28, 1919. After his playing career, he went on to become a pitching coach for the Cubs and also a minor league coach.
In a seven-season career, Agnew posted a .204 batting average with two home runs and 98 RBI in 563 games played. Agnew died in Sonoma, California, at the age of 64.
After his Major League career ended, he continued to play in the minor leagues with the San Francisco Seals and Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League until 1929.
He was later a manager in the minors for the San Diego Aces of the California State League (1929), Augusta Wolves of the South Atlantic League (1930 & 1938) and Palatka Azaleas of the Florida State League (1937).
He died on 19 July 1951 and is buried in the Chapel of the Chimes in Santa Rosa, California.
Family
His brother was Troy Agnew.
References
External links
1887 births
1951 deaths
Major League Baseball catchers
Boston Red Sox players
St. Louis Browns players
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Santa Clara Broncos baseball coaches
Minor league baseball managers
Topeka Jayhawks players
Omaha Rourkes players
Vernon Tigers players
San Francisco Seals (baseball) players
Hollywood Stars players
San Diego Aces players
People from Farmington, Missouri
Baseball players from Missouri |
4030772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bev%20Lyon | Bev Lyon | Beverley Hamilton Lyon (19 January 1902 – 22 June 1970) was a cricketer who played for Oxford University and Gloucestershire. He was a bespectacled middle-order batsman and a fine close fielder who held forthright and, for his time, outspoken views on cricket captaincy and cricket traditions and who was given full rein by his county, Gloucestershire, to express his views as captain for six years from 1929.
Biography
Some of Lyon's views – on Sunday cricket and on a knockout cup, for instance – were by some distance too far ahead of their time. But in 1931, he was involved in a "rule-bending" match against Yorkshire at Sheffield in which, after two rain-ruined days, he and the Yorkshire captain agreed to declare their counties' first innings after one ball had been bowled to bring about a result on the second innings. The rules were changed for the following season to allow for a one-innings match in similar circumstances.
Lyon brought Gloucestershire greater success than the county had seen since the days of W. G. Grace. In 1929 and 1930, they won more matches than any other county; in 1930 and 1931, they finished second. Lyon was aided, no doubt, by having Wally Hammond, perhaps England's finest batsman of the time in the side. And the three years of success coincided as well with the last truly effective years of the great slow left-arm bowler Charlie Parker and the first effective years of Parker's successor, the off break bowler Tom Goddard. But the captaincy of Lyon was regarded as a vital factor, and he was chosen as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1931. The citation in Wisden suggested that he might be a future captain of England, but that did not happen.
Lyon's Gloucestershire career began in 1921; he also won a Blue at Oxford in 1922 and 1923. He resigned from the Gloucestershire captaincy after three more moderate years from 1932 to 1934, but played intermittently until 1947. He had also played Minor Counties cricket for Wiltshire in 1920.
Lyon's older brother, Malcolm Douglas Lyon, known as Dar, played for Cambridge University and Somerset. The brothers were on opposing sides in the 1922 Varsity match. And in 1930, in the match between Somerset and Gloucestershire at Taunton, Dar scored 210 after being dropped twice by Goddard, but Bev replied with a century of his own and led his side to victory by eight wickets.
See also
List of select Jewish cricketers
References
Wisden, passim
External links
"Remembering Bev Lyon, Gloucestershire Cricketer and Co-Founder of Rediffusion Ltd."
1902 births
1970 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Gloucestershire cricket captains
Oxford University cricketers
Wiltshire cricketers
Europeans cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
People from Caterham
Jewish cricketers
English Jews
West of England cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Non-international England cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Jewish British sportspeople
People educated at Rugby School
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
English cricketers of 1919 to 1945
People from Balcombe, West Sussex |
4030779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec%20Bantam%20Football%20League | Quebec Bantam Football League | As of November 12th 2017, the Sun Youth Hornets are the QBFL Champions
Teams (2010 season)
Bill Allan Division
North Shore Lions
St. Lazare Stallions
St. Laurent Spartans
Laurentian Wildcats
Lasalle Warriors
Sun Youth Hornets
Earl De La Perralle Division
Ile-Perrot Western Patriots
Lakeshore Cougars
Joliette Pirates
Chateaugay Raiders
North Shore Cheetahs
St. Leonard Cougars
Bob Mironowicz Division
Sherbrooke Bulldogs
Laurentien Jaguars
Laurentien Lions
Laurentien Pantheres
Laurentien Lynx
Laurentien Pumas
External links
Quebec Bantam Football League Official Site
The Official À-Ma-Baie Website
Canadian football leagues in Quebec |
4030816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor%20ladder | Resistor ladder | A resistor ladder is an electrical circuit made from repeating units of resistors. Two configurations are discussed below, a string resistor ladder and an R-2R ladder.
An R–2R ladder is a simple and inexpensive way to perform digital-to-analog conversion, using repetitive arrangements of precise resistor networks in a ladder-like configuration. A string resistor ladder implements the non-repetitive reference network.
String resistor ladder network (analog to digital conversion, or ADC)
A string of many, often equally dimensioned, resistors connected between two reference voltages is a resistor string ladder network. The resistors act as voltage dividers between the referenced voltages. Each tap of the string generates a different voltage, which can be compared with another voltage: this is the basic principle of a flash ADC (analog-to-digital converter). Often a voltage is converted to a current, enabling the possibility to use an R–2R ladder network.
Disadvantage: for an n-bit ADC, the number of resistors grows exponentially, as resistors are required, while the R–2R resistor ladder only increases linearly with the number of bits, as it needs only resistors.
Advantage: higher impedance values can be reached using the same number of components.
R–2R resistor ladder network (digital to analog conversion)
A basic R–2R resistor ladder network is shown in Figure 1. Bit an−1 (most significant bit, MSB) through bit a0 (least significant bit, LSB) are driven from digital logic gates. Ideally, the bit inputs are switched between V = 0 (logic 0) and V = Vref (logic 1). The R–2R network causes these digital bits to be weighted in their contribution to the output voltage Vout. Depending on which bits are set to 1 and which to 0, the output voltage (Vout) will have a corresponding stepped value between 0 and Vref minus the value of the minimal step, corresponding to bit 0. The actual value of Vref (and the voltage of logic 0) will depend on the type of technology used to generate the digital signals.
For a digital value VAL, of a R–2R DAC with N bits and 0 V/Vref logic levels, the output voltage Vout is:
For example, if N = 5 (hence 2N = 32) and Vref = 3.3 V (typical CMOS logic 1 voltage), then Vout will vary between 0 volts (VAL = 0 = 000002) and the maximum (VAL = 31 = 111112):
with steps (corresponding to VAL = 1 = 000012)
The R–2R ladder is inexpensive and relatively easy to manufacture, since only two resistor values are required (or even one, if R is made by placing a pair of 2R in parallel, or if 2R is made by placing a pair of R in series). It is fast and has fixed output impedance R. The R–2R ladder operates as a string of current dividers, whose output accuracy is solely dependent on how well each resistor is matched to the others. Small inaccuracies in the MSB resistors can entirely overwhelm the contribution of the LSB resistors. This may result in non-monotonic behavior at major crossings, such as from 011112 to 100002. Depending on the type of logic gates used and design of the logic circuits, there may be transitional voltage spikes at such major crossings even with perfect resistor values. These can be filtered with capacitance at the output node (the consequent reduction in bandwidth may be significant in some applications). Finally, the 2R resistance is in series with the digital-output impedance. High-output-impedance gates (e.g., LVDS) may be unsuitable in some cases. For all of the above reasons (and doubtless others), this type of DAC tends to be restricted to a relatively small number of bits; although integrated circuits may push the number of bits to 14 or even more, 8 bits or fewer is more typical.
Accuracy of R–2R resistor ladders
Resistors used with the more significant bits must be proportionally more accurate than those used with the less significant bits; for example, in the R–2R network discussed above, inaccuracies in the bit-4 (MSB) resistors must be insignificant compared to R/32 (i.e., much better than 3%). Further, to avoid problems at the 100002-to-011112 transition, the sum of the inaccuracies in the lower bits must be significantly less than R/32. The required accuracy doubles with each additional bit: for 8 bits, the accuracy required will be better than 1/256 (0.4%). Within integrated circuits, high-accuracy R–2R networks may be printed directly onto a single substrate using thin-film technology, ensuring the resistors share similar electrical characteristics. Even so, they must often be laser-trimmed to achieve the required precision. Such on-chip resistor ladders for digital-to-analog converters achieving 16-bit accuracy have been demonstrated. On a printed circuit board, using discrete components, resistors of 1% accuracy would suffice for a 5-bit circuit, however with bit counts beyond this the cost of ever increasing precision resistors becomes prohibitive. For a 10-bit converter, even using 0.1% precision resistors would not guarantee monotonicity of output.
This being said, high resolution R-2R ladders formed from discrete components are sometimes used, the nonlinearity being corrected in software. One example of such approach can be seen in the Korad 3005 power supply.
Resistor ladder with unequal rungs
It is not necessary that each "rung" of the R–2R ladder use the same resistor values. It is only necessary that the "2R" value matches the sum of the "R" value plus the Thévenin-equivalent resistance of the lower-significance rungs. Figure 2 shows a linear 4-bit DAC with unequal resistors.
This allows a reasonably accurate DAC to be created from a heterogeneous collection of resistors by forming the DAC one bit at a time. At each stage, resistors for the "rung" and "leg" are chosen so that the rung value matches the leg value plus the equivalent resistance of the previous rungs. The rung and leg resistors can be formed by pairing other resistors in series or parallel in order to increase the number of available combinations. This process can be automated.
See also
Logarithmic resistor ladder
Digital-to-analog converter
Covox Speech Thing
Voltage ladder
References
External links
ECE209: DAC Lecture Notes - Ohio State University
EE247: D/A Converters - Berkeley University of California
Simplified DAC/ADC Lecture Notes - University of Michigan
Digital to Analog Converters (slides) - Georgia Tech
Tutorial MT-014: String DACs and Fully-Decoded DACs - Analog Devices
Tutorial MT-015: Binary DACs - Analog Devices
Tutorial MT-016: Segmented DACs - Analog Devices
Tutorial MT-018: Intentionally Nonlinear DACs - Analog Devices
R2R Resistor Ladder Networks - BI Technologies
R/2R Ladder Networks Application Note - TT Electronics
Analog circuits |
4030819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashida | Ashida | Ashida (written: 芦田) is a Japanese surname. People with the name include:
Ashida Nobumori, (died 1575), holder of Mitake Castle
, Japanese politician who served as the 47th Prime Minister of Japan
, Japanese fashion designer
, Japanese child actress, tarento and singer
, Japanese photographer
, Japanese actor
, Japanese fashion designer
, Japanese anime character designer, animation director and director
Fictional characters
Noriko Ashida (codename Surge), a character from X-Men
See also
Ashida-shuku, a historical rest area along the Nakasendō
Ashida River, a river near Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
Japanese-language surnames |
4030827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada%C5%A1evci | Adaševci | Adaševci () is a village located in the municipality of Šid, Srem District, Vojvodina, Serbia. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,919 people (2011 census).
Adaševci is located 5 kilometers south of Šid, in large part on the west side bordering the river Bosut, near the village there is an international highway. In the village there is a memorial "Sremski Front", as well as a source of thermal water. Today, Adaševci is one of the largest villages in the municipality of Šid. In the village there is a cultural centre which can accommodate about 500 guests and is used for various cultural and sporting events. The largest number of young people gathers F.K. "Adaševci", founded in 1924, which compete in the municipal league. Adaševci have a primary school built in 1952, which today has 400 pupils. Mostly the agricultural town have its own water supply with 12 kilometers of water supply network, with regular supply of quality drinking water. Adaševci with its geographical location have great potential for tourism development and improving quality of life.
Name
The name of the village in Serbian is plural.
History
The 8th century BC ornitho-morphic fibulae was found in the town.
Demographics
Historical population
1961: 2,562
1971: 2,566
1981: 2,363
1991: 2,080
2002: 2,166
2011: 1,919
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
Populated places in Syrmia |
4030840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batrovci | Batrovci | Batrovci () is a village located in the municipality of Šid, Srem District, Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011, it has a population of 259 inhabitants. A border crossing between Serbia and Croatia is located in the village, on European route E70.
Name
The name of the village in Serbian is plural.
Historical population
1961: 653
1971: 577
1981: 464
1991: 399
2002: 320
2011: 259
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
Spačva basin
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
External links
Batrovci Customs Details
Populated places in Syrmia
Croatia–Serbia border crossings |
4030854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dinci | Bačinci | Bačinci () is a village located in Syrmia, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Syrmia District. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,180 people (2011 census).
Name
The name of the village in Serbian is plural.
Historical population
1961: 1,694
1971: 1,538
1981: 1,324
1991: 1,298
2002: 1,374
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
Populated places in Syrmia |
4030875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Iamonia | Lake Iamonia | Lake Iamonia is a large, subtropical prairie lake in northern Leon County, Florida, United States, created during the Pleistocene epoch.
History
Forming Iamonia
Lake Iamonia's base was established during the Early Pleistocene through submergence of land during the various glacial retreats (a warming period) and emergence from the sea during glacial stadial advancement (a cooling period). Though the ice sheet was further north, it affected Iamonia's appearance and significant changes began to take shape during the Okefenokee terrace and shoreline period and was complete by the end of the Wicomico terrace and shoreline event thousands of years later.
See: Leon County Pleistocene coastal terraces
Ancient fauna
Lake Iamonia area is known to have supported a variety of megafauna from as far back as 23.6 Ma. Fossils of the bear-dog Amphicyon and the dog-like Temnocyonines have been uncovered at nearby sites. The Griscom Plantation Site, once located on Luna Plantation, and on the south shore of Iamonia has produced fossils of the ruminant Leptomeryx, the horse relatives Merychippus and Parahippus leonensis, and the ancient camel Oxydactylus. Osbornodon iamonensis (Osborn's dog), a forerunner of today's dog, was named for the lake.
Prehistoric people
The lake was home to the Woodland culture, more specifically the Weeden Island culture, of early Native Americans from roughly 200 BCE to 750 AD. It was within the Apalachee Province from 1000 AD to the 1520s and later the lake would become home to the Seminoles. Lake Iamonia is pronounced "I-monia" and is named after a Seminole town “Hiamonee,” which was located on the banks of the Ochlockonee River.
Location
The lake is located in the Red Hills Region and is approximately 5,757 acres (23 km2) in size and is long and up to wide. It has a drainage basin of roughly 101 square miles (260 km).
County Road 12 runs along the northern part of the lake. Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy is situated on a bluff on the north side of the lake. The eastern side borders near US 319, the south side is bordered by the developments of Killearn Lakes Plantation and Luna Pines. The west side edges near State Road 155 (N. Meridian Road). The highest elevation around the lake's basin is .
Details
Lake Iamonia is classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic with a Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) of 31200.
The eastern end of Lake Iamonia is oligotrophic which makes it one of the cleanest lakes in Leon County. The lake is above sea level and the sink basin, located on the northern shore of Lake Iamonia, has a surface area of . Its average depth is and its maximum depth is . The lake is surrounded by 4000 acres (16 km2) of land under conservation easement.
The volume of water in the lake is affected by water in its own drainage basin and by water from the Ochlockonee River and rainfall in Southwestern Georgia.
The flooding of this river re-filled the entire body of the dried lake within 3 days in February 2008. Thunderstorms which hit the Florida panhandle and southwest Georgia on April 2 and 3 brought the level of the Ochlockonee River to , above flood stage raising the lake level substantially.
Dams and dikes
In 1910, a dam was constructed across the western end sloughs with two small bridges separated by of fill dirt. The dam separated Lake Iamonia from the Ochlockonee River to keep out the river's water so that the lake would dry for agricultural purposes.
In 1940 a long, wide earthen dike was constructed around the sink basin to keep water in the lake. A concrete spillway was constructed for overflow with metal pipes of diameter and sluice gates built into the earthen dikes at the sink. Just before 1950 additional earthen dams were built across Cromartie Arm (to the south) and Strickland Arm (to the north) and bordering Horseshoe Plantation. The purpose of these dams was to keep water in Cromartie and Strickland Arms for the plantations.
By the 1970s aquatic plants had increased in the lake. In 1978 the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission constructed draw down structures in the sink basin on the north end and under the bridge on N. Meridian Road but were removed by 1980 due to damage from bald cypress roots. Northwest Florida Water Management District welded the sluice gates open and the sink drains continuously.
The sink area covers and has a maximum depth of . It has a drain rate at 9.2 cubic feet per second.
Prairie stage
In the antebellum 19th century, Lake Iamonia had Burgesstown Plantation, Pine Hill Plantation, Oaklawn Plantation and G.W. Holland Plantation surrounding it. During dry periods which naturally occurred in cycles, a few cotton plantation owners would take advantage of the exposed land and wealth of grasses and vegetation which took hold in the nutrient rich lake bottom and graze their cattle and sheep on the lake.
Current fauna
Mammals
Species include the beaver, bobcat, cotton rat, common rat, marsh rice rat, oldfield mouse, eastern wood rat, coyote, gray fox, red fox, gray squirrel, fox squirrel, marsh rabbit, nine-banded armadillo, opossum, raccoon, river otter and white-tailed deer.
Fish
Iamonia is an attraction for sport fishing with largemouth bass, bluegill, black crappie, flier, redear sunfish, Florida gar, bowfin and American pickerel.
Reptiles
Reptiles include the American alligator, snapping turtle, Florida softshell turtle, peninsular cooter, pond slider, musk turtle, eastern mud turtle, chicken turtle, Suwannee cooter, box turtle, Florida green water snake, banded water snake, cottonmouth, black racer, corn snake, southern ribbon snake, garter snake, eastern kingsnake, black swamp snake, mud snake, red-bellied snake, ringneck snake, grey rat snake, rough green snake, scarlet snake, coachwhip snake and eastern indigo snake.
Amphibians
Among amphibians, the Pig frog, bullfrog, leopard frog, green tree frog, squirrel tree frog, Florida cricket frog, two-toed amphiuma and central newt are present.
Gallery
The photos show Lake Iamonia at a normal level of water.
See also
Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy
Sources
External links
1940 map of old community of Iamonia
Satellite Images
Tall Timbers Research Station
Iamonia
Iamonia |
4030883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrapper%20%28clothing%29 | Wrapper (clothing) | The wrapper, lappa, or pagne is a colorful garment widely worn in West Africa by both men and women. It has formal and informal versions and varies from simple draped clothing to fully tailored ensembles. The formality of the wrapper depends on the fabric used to create or design it.
West African kaftan/boubou
In West Africa, a kaftan or caftan is a pull-over woman's robe. In French, this robe is called a boubou, pronounced boo-boo. The boubou is the traditional female attire in many West African countries including Senegal, Mali and other African countries. The boubou can be formal or informal attire. The formality of the kaftan depends upon the fabric used to create or design it.
Yoruba iro
In Yorubaland, Nigeria, the wrapper is commonly, called an iro in the Yoruba language, pronounced i-roh. The literal translation is "the act of wrapping." The wrapper is usually worn with a matching headscarf or head tie that is called a gele in Yoruba, pronounced geh-leh. A full wrapper ensemble consists of three garments, a blouse, called a buba, pronounced boo-bah the iro and a headscarf called a head tie in English and a gele in Yoruba. Traditional male attire is called a agbada. A wrapper takes metres of quality fabric.
Pagne
Pagne () designates a certain cut (two by six yards) and type (single-sided "Fancy" or double-sided "wax" prints) of untailored cotton textile, especially in Francophone West and Central Africa. Enormously popular in much of tropical Africa, the pagne cloth's usage and patterns may be used to convey by the wearer a number of social, economic—and sometimes even political—messages. It is similar—though distinct in size, expected pattern, and usage—to the Khanga, Kikoy or Chitenge of East and Southern Africa. From the pagne any number of garments may be created (the boubou, dresses, or western style suits) or it can be used untailored as a wrap, headtie, skirt, or tied as a sling for children or goods. The word pagne, likely derived from the Latin pannum, was a term introduced by merchants from the 16th Century and adopted by several African societies to identify often pre-existing textiles or garments distinct from a simple cloth. The Portuguese pano for cloth has become the French pagne (loincloth), Dutch paan, and others. It appears to have originally referred to East Asian textiles traded in East and West Africa, before becoming a term for a certain length (a yard, later two by six yards) of commercial printed cloth sold in coastal West Africa.
In the West
In the UK and North America, a wrapper is also an older term for an informal house garment. Today, words such as housecoat and bathrobe (US) or dressing gown (UK) are usually employed instead.
Informal fabrics
Batik—created with hot wax and dye.
Fancy print—created by printing patterns on cloth. Unlike expensive wax prints, the design is printed on one side of the cotton fabric. Fancy prints are made in Europe, India, and West Africa. The most popular fancy print is known as the traditional print.
Kente—traditionally woven by men. Kente is an informal fabric for anyone who is not a member of the Akan people. For Akans and many Ewes, kente is a formal cloth.
Mudcloth—created by making mud drawings on cotton.
Tie-dye—made by resist tying cotton then dipping in dye. In Nigeria, tie-dye is known as adire cloth.
Formal fabrics
Aso Oke fabric—Woven by men, see Yoruba people.
Cotton brocade—most brocade is produced in Guinea. Brocade is a shiny and polished cotton fabric.
George cloth—George cloth originated in India, where it was used to make saris. The fabric became popular among African royal and noble families. The Ijaw people are known for their George wrappers.
Lace—also known as shain-shain cloth'.
Linen—linen kaftans are a formal style.
Satin—satin fabrics are suitable for formal wear.
African wax prints—traditional cloths in Africa. Most of them are printed in West Africa and China. Some African waxprints are made in the Netherlands, known as Dutch wax. In earlier times these were also produced in Great Britain. In a wax print, the pattern or design is printed on both sides of the cotton fabric. Waxprints are more expensive than fancy prints. Famous manufacturers are Vlisco in the Netherlands, Akosombo Textiles Limited in Ghana and Hitarget in China. Some smaller companies still produce genuine African wax prints. A well known brand is ABC Wax from Manchester, UK. Today ABC Wax is part of Akosombo Textiles Limited and printed in Ghana. There are many companies in Africa and China which use the wax print design for similar looking and much cheaper fancy textiles.
Wedding attire
The kaftan is always worn with a headscarf or head tie. During a wedding ceremony, the bride's kaftan is the same color as the groom's dashiki. The traditional color for West African weddings is white. The most popular non-traditional color is purple or lavender, the color of African royalty. Blue, the color of love, is also a common non-traditional color.
Most women wear black kaftans to funerals.
However, in some parts of Ghana and the United States, some women wear black-and-white prints, or black and red. The kaftan is the most popular attire for women of African descent throughout the African diaspora. African and African-American women wear a wide variety of dresses, and skirt sets made out of formal fabrics as formal wear. However, the kaftan and wrapper are the two traditional choices. It is not uncommon for a woman to wear a white wedding dress when the groom wears African attire. In the United States, African-American women wear the boubou for special occasions. The kaftan or boubou is worn at weddings; funerals; graduations; and Kwanzaa celebrations.
The men's robe is also called a boubou, see Senegalese kaftan for further information.
Buba
A buba (pronounced boo-bah) is a top or blouse. Buba is a Yoruba word that means the upper clothing. For women, the buba is worn with the iro (wrapper) and gele (head tie). For men, it is worn with sokoto (trousers) and fila (hat). The buba, sokoto/iro and fila/gele set is the traditional costume of the Yoruba people in South Western Nigeria.
See also
Dashiki
Ghanaian smock
Habesha kemis
Head tie
Headscarf
Kanga (African garment)—This wrapper is worn by women in East Africa
Kufi
National costume
Senegalese kaftan
References
Further reading
Ronke Luke-Boone, African Fabrics (Krause Publications 2001).
Diane Hoyt-Goldsmith, Celebrating Kwanzaa (Holiday House 1993).
Judith Perani and Norma Wolff, Cloth, Dress, and Art Patronage in Africa'' (Berg 1999).
Dresses
African clothing
Folk costumes |
4030908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moschino | Moschino | Moschino () is an Italian luxury fashion house, specialising in leather accessories, shoes, luggage and fragrances. It was founded in 1983 by Franco Moschino in Milan.
History
Founding and 1990s
The brand was originally created in 1983 by the late Franco Moschino (1950–1994) and owned by Moonshadow, the designer’s Milan-based holding company. Moschino and his fashion label became famous for his innovative, colorful – sometimes eccentric – designs, for his love of fairies, for his criticisms of the fashion industry and for his social awareness campaigns in the early 1990s. By 1994, Moschino said he wanted to develop an “ecological” line that would bear the tag “Nature Friendly Garment,” as a minicollection within the couture collection.
Rossella Jardini, 1994–2013
After Moschino's death, Rossella Jardini, a former assistant with whom he had collaborated from 1981, was the brand's creative director from 1994 to October 2013. Responsible for the brand image and style, Jardini fulfilled the role of "creative witness", keeping Moschino's stylistic and philosophical approach alive.
The brand has been part of the Aeffe fashion group since 1999. The owner of the Moschino labels has since been Moschino SpA, the company which was acquired by Aeffe SpA (producer of Moschino since 1983) and Sportswear International SpA (SINV HOLDING S.p.A. since 2006) in 1999. Moschino SpA carries out its brand management, licensing agreement activities, communication, and coordination of the commercial policies autonomously.
In 2006, Moschino designed the outfits for the opening ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. Moschino also designed outfits for Kylie Minogue's 2005 Showgirl - The Greatest Hits Tour, sunglasses for Madonna's 2008 Sticky & Sweet Tour and six outfits for Lady Gaga for her The Born This Way Ball in 2011–2012.
Starting with the F/W 2008–2009 pre-collection, the Moschino Jeans label changed its name to Love Moschino.
In 2007, Moschino SpA signed an exclusive agreement with con Scienward International Holdings Limited for the franchising and distribution of its products in the People's Republic of China (excluding Hong Kong and Macau). The ten-year agreement provides for the opening of forty stores (22 in the first five years of collaboration) and the exclusive distribution of Moschino brand clothing lines beginning with the S/S 2008 collection.
Moschino SpA also announced its five-year renewable agreement with Allison for the creation, development, and worldwide distribution of the new Moschino Eyewear collection, and the signing of a five-year agreement (renewable for another five years) with the Binda Group for the manufacture and marketing of watches and for the first time of the jewelry collection licensed with the Moschino CheapAndChic brand.
The new collection of Moschino Helmets was presented to the world for the first time in November 2007, during the EICMA. These helmets were the result of a collaboration between Max Safety Fashion helmet manufacturers and the Moschino fashion brand.
In October 2008, Moschino SpA and Altana SpA, leading companies in the children's clothing sector, announced the signing of an agreement for the creation, development, and world distribution, for five years renewable, of the Moschino boys’ and girls’ collections. The collections, whose creative aspect remains at Moschino, were aimed at three age groups: Moschino Teen for ages six through fourteen; Moschino Kid for twelve–eighteen months to six years; and Moschino Baby from one-three months to two years.
In July 2011, the company collection was presented at the catwalk of The Brandery fashion show in Barcelona.
Jeremy Scott, 2013–present
In October 2013, Jeremy Scott became Moschino's creative director, showing his first collection in Fall 2014.
In 2021, Aeffe Italia gained full control of Moschino from SINV through the acquisition of the remaining 30 percent stake it did not own in the brand for 66.6 million euros ($78.51 million).
Labels
The brand consists of several labels: Moschino (women's and men's main line), Boutique Moschino Cheap and Chic (women's secondary line, created in 1988), Love Moschino (women's and men's diffusion line, known as Moschino Jeans from 1986 to 2008), in order of exclusivity. In addition, accessories, jewelry, watches, perfume and cosmetics, and even jet helmets are sold under the Moschino brand. Almost all models of watches are made by Binda Group. In Milan, Moschino opened its own concept hotel in 2009, "Maison Moschino".
Starting 2014 and under the Scott's direction, Moschino Cheap and Chic was consolidated into a new women's secondary line called Boutique Moschino.
Collaborations
In April 2018, Moschino announced its collaboration with the Swedish retail brand H&M which was planned to be launched in November 2018. In April 2019, it was announced that Moschino would release a collection in collaboration with EA game The Sims 4. The collection will include pixelated clothing inspired by the game.
Moschino collaborated with Palace Skateboards in November 2020. The collection was partly inspired by the rave culture of the 1990s and consisted of jackets, sweatshirts, jeans, shirts, and t-shirts amongst various accessories. Palace's creators had wanted to collaborate with Moschino since starting up their brand, so the release was highly anticipated and the general reception of the designs was positive. However, upon receiving their purchases, many were unimpressed by the quality of the clothing and felt that the prices were not justified. This led to many customers returning their items.
In popular culture
Lil' Kim's 1996 song "Queen Bitch" refers to Moschino with the line "I used to wear Moschino, but every bitch got it/Now I rock colorful minks because my pockets stay knotted."
The Notorious B.I.G's 1997 song "Hypnotize" refers to Moschino with the line "All Philly hoes, dough and Moschino (c'mon)."
The 2003 Amy Winehouse song "Take the Box" refers to Moschino with the line "The Moschino bra you bought me last Christmas/Put it in the box, put it in the box."
Redlight’s 2014 song “9TS (90s Baby)” refers to Moschino with the line “Biggie Smalls, Versace shades/Moschino jeans and Alizé/ODB, Brooklyn Zoo/DJ Randall on the ones and twos/90s baby/Are you a 90s baby?”
Controversy
In a 2015 lawsuit filed in federal court in California, Brooklyn graffiti artist Rime claimed that Moschino and Jeremy Scott copied his work when they designed singer Katy Perry's dress at the 2015 Met Gala. The case was settled in 2016.
In 2016, department store Nordstrom bowed to pressure from online activists and pulled a Moschino capsule collection that was inspired by capsule pills amid allegations it trivialized the opioid crisis.
References
External links
Official homepage
Franco Moschino
Clothing brands of Italy
Perfume houses
High fashion brands
Watch manufacturing companies of Italy
Luxury brands
Clothing companies established in 1983
1983 establishments in Italy
Companies based in Milan |
4030912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauptmann%20Deutschland | Hauptmann Deutschland | Hauptmann Deutschland (German for Captain Germany), also known as Vormund, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
Fictional character biography
Hauptmann Deutschland is part of a team called the Schutz Heiliggruppe, which was a national superteam protecting Germany. He first appeared in a backup story in Captain America where the Schutz Heiliggruppe captured the Red Skull and abducted him back to Germany in an attempt to put him on trial for war crimes. Although they captured the Skull and subsequently his Skeleton Crew, they later surrendered the Skull to a false Thor, Iron Man and Captain America, who were actually shapeshifting "bioplastoid" androids created by the Skull's lackey Arnim Zola.
Realizing the deception, Hauptmann Deutschland followed the Skull back to America. After a brawl with Captain America, the heroes teamed up to track the Skull. They concluded the hunt when confronted with a false corpse of the Red Skull. The false Skull had been shot through the head and appeared to have been killed by the Scourge of the Underworld, who left his trademark "Justice is Served" scrawled on the wall.
Vormund's next appearance was in a somewhat convoluted tale where he set out with Zeitgeist, another member of the Schutz Heiliggruppe, in order to investigate the slaying of their partner Blitzkrieger, who had been slain while investigating the murders of multiple South American local superheroes. Although Vormund was framed for the murders, it was eventually discovered that Zeitgeist was actually a somewhat obscure American villain known as Everyman. While fleeing Captain America, Zeitgeist tried to stab Vormund with his sword. Vormund redirected the force of Zeitgeist/Everyman's stab and killed him.
Hauptman Deutschland is later seen aiding Blue Marvel against the organization The Terror-Hives of W.E.S.P.E.
Naming controversy
When the issues of Captain America containing Hauptmann Deutschland and the rest of the Schutz Heiliggruppe were to be published in Germany by licensee Condor Interpart, the names of the team were changed in accordance with the German taboos on references to Nazism, despite the team being distinctly anti-Nazi in behavior and the fact that Hauptmann Deutschland's name (literal translation: "Captain Germany") contains no actual reference to Nazism. In Germany, Hauptmann Deutschland was renamed Freiheitskämpfer (Freedom Fighter).
Due to a lack of coordination, when Hauptmann Deutschland next appeared in American comics, he was renamed Vormund, which means "legal guardian", "warden" or "custodian". Per Markus Raymond, a submitter to The Appendix to The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe, Vormund actually should be used only in reference to a "legal guardian for a child or somebody else who can't talk legally for himself".
Powers and abilities
Hauptmann Deutschland has the power to absorb and redirect kinetic energy. He can project this energy into an opponent, use it to repel attacks, or increase his own strength and endurance. The origin of these powers is unknown. He is also a highly trained soldier and hand-to-hand combatant. He is also known to carry a variety of tactical gadgets in his belt, such as nets, oiled ball bearings, and a cable gun.
References
External links
Fictional characters with energy-manipulation abilities
Fictional German people
Marvel Comics mutates
Marvel Comics superheroes
National personifications in comic books |
4030937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater%20Washington%20Board%20of%20Trade | Greater Washington Board of Trade | The Greater Washington Board of Trade is a network of business and non-profit leaders in Washington, D.C. The Board of Trade invests in the cultural infrastructure of the area and promotes the construction and maintenance of public venues, including for professional sports, civic meetings, conventions, arts, and cultural events. The organization is composed of membership levels that range from "Business Member" to "Chairman's Council". Notable organizations and companies that are currently a part of the Board of Trade include KPMG, Hilton Hotels, The Washington Post, and the Calvert Group.
History
Before the creation of the Board of Trade, the District of Columbia did not have a cohesive method of organizing and supporting its cultural infrastructure. Therefore, on November 27, 1889, the Greater Washington Board of Trade was founded after the local paper, The Washington Post, ran an advertisement. The board came into existence as a legal entity on December 2, 1889.
Known as the Board of Trade for the District of Columbia at the time of its creation, the organization was referred locally to as the Washington Board of Trade. During the 70th annual meeting on October 20, 1959, the organization welcomed its first female members when 188 businesswomen were added to the 7,200 total enrollment. The name of the organization was changed to the Metropolitan Washington Board of Trade. At the 90th annual meeting in 1979, the members approved a name change to the Greater Washington Board of Trade. During that meeting, the Board adopted the logo that is still being used today: three interlocking circles that symbolize the unity of Northern Virginia, the District of Columbia, and suburban Maryland.
On November 3, 1992, the Greater Washington Board of Trade challenged the Washington, D.C. law that required employers to provide their at-work employees health insurance to continue to offer the equivalent health insurance coverage for disabled employees who are eligible for workers compensation insurance. On December 14, 1992, the legal decision that the Supreme Court ruled was that states cannot require employers to provide disabled employees the same health insurance with they provide active employees.
The archives of the Greater Washington Board of Trade are housed in the Special Collections Research Center of the Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library at George Washington University.
References
External links
Board of Trade home page
A history of the Washington Board of Trade from the Center of History and New Media
Greater Washington Initiative Affiliated research and economic development marketing organization
Guide to the Greater Washington Board of Trade Records, 1889-1996, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University
Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Organizations established in 1889
1889 establishments in Washington, D.C. |
4030940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Weasels | The Weasels | The Weasels are an American rock band based in Albany, New York and active since the mid-1980s. Throughout their history, the group's core writers and performers have been Doctor Fun (vocals, saxophones, keyboards, flute, lyrics and songwriting) and Roy Weäsell (electric and acoustic guitars, vocals, keyboards, trombone, roto-vibe, mandolin, lyrics and songwriting). The Weasels have released seven LPs and one EP of original material, along with an early career retrospective compilation, and have played approximately 40 concerts, though they have not performed live since October 2000. They have been compared in reviews to Frank Zappa’s Mothers of Invention and Steely Dan, based on their melodic jazz and blues based music, elaborate arrangements, deployment of highly regarded session players, open-ended and suspended compositional style, exacting recording standards, and intelligent use of sardonic, sarcastic, historic, political, surrealist and scatological themes in their lyrics.
Early history
The group was founded after Fun responded to a newspaper advertisement placed by Weäsell and producer-engineer-performer Chris Graf, who were attempting to find a keyboard and saxophone player for a planned live band. For the first several years of their existence, however, the founding trio remained home-bound, writing and recording tracks that would later appear on the discs Meat the Weasels Volume I: Fondue Cabaret and GenerationXcrement. In 1992, The Weasels submitted a tape to the local alternative newsweekly's annual unsigned artists' showcase concert, and were selected as one of four finalists, despite the fact that no live version of the band existed. Fun, Graf and Weäsell quickly assembled and rehearsed a stage presentation of their material, and won generally positive audience and critical reviews for their performance, despite losing the contest to a defunct industrial metal band.
Meat the Weasels Volume 1: Fondue Cabaret
Inspired by the response to their first live performance, the expanded band polished their basement tapes and released Meat the Weasels: Volume 1, Fondue Cabaret in 1993. The album’s opening cut, “Let the Killing Begin,” is the first in a series of Weasels songs about notorious killers, in this case Henry Lee Lucas. It incorporates a tongue-in-cheek adaptation of the closing soliloquy from the Doors’ “The End”. In addition to Fun, Weäsell and Graf, the record featured Jon Cohen (bass guitar and slide whistle), Rocky Petrocelli (drums) and David Maynard (guitar); Maynard had been a member of the New York Rubber Rock Band, whose 1975 single "Disco Lucy", was named "Worst Single of the Year" by Billboard. Following Meat the Weasels''' release, the group continued to perform live, though with continued instability in the drummer's seat, which was occupied for various dates by Petrocelli, Jordan Cohen (later of Powerman 5000 and Blue Man Group), Dave King, Doug Klein, Dan Roberts, Steve Scoons, Dave Berger and Steve Candlen; the latter two emerged as drummers of choice for The Weasels' middle recording period. Meat the Weasels Volume I: Fondue Cabaret included the following songs:
“Let the Killing Begin”
“Amway Man”
“Red Meat”
“Might As Well Try You” (Sometimes listed as “Might As Well Try Ewe”)
“Plastic Plant”
“Dancing On Your Grave”
“Have A Nice Day”
“Never Been to Jersey”
“Maybe You’re Dead”
“Put Your Finger in My Brain”
“When the Fat Lady Sings”
“Little Town Ashtray Disaster”
Leon’s Mystical Head
In 1995, the Weasels undertook their first formal studio experience at New Music Studios in Albany with production and engineering support from Ted Malia, who had also worked with R.E.M., Bobby Brown and others. Maynard, Candlen and Jon Cohen returned to perform with Weäsell, Fun and Graf on the New Music sessions. The initial sessions were creatively fruitful, yet tense; Cohen left the group and was replaced by Alan Okey for subsequent sessions. Leon’s Mystical Head (a title inspired by a Firesign Theatre sketch) featured “Paging Larry Storch,” the first installment of "The Larry Trilogy," a series based on the premise that the purest essence of contemporary American comedy was to be found in the film and television work of Larry Fine, Larry Hovis and Larry Storch. The Weasels continued their homages to notorious killers with “A Fish,” about infamous cannibal Albert Fish. After the release of Leon’s Mystical Head, the band's core members decided that all subsequent albums would be recorded and engineered under their own direct supervision, with Graf taking a prominent creative role in the increasingly elaborate productions of Fun and Weäsell's compositions. Live shows from this period occasionally featured “Weasel Vision,” a multimedia visual presentation created by artists Michael Oatman and John J.A. Jannone. In July 2006, "Bar-B-Q Baby" was selected for regular broadcast on Doctor Demento's internationally syndicated radio show. Leon’s Mystical Head included the following songs:
“Leon’s Mystical Head”
“A Fish”
“Bulldoze the Moon”
“Klaus Barbie and Ken”
“Bang My Head”
“Poor Blind Sheehan”
“Bitch Is All Business”
“Paging Larry Storch”
“Bar-B-Q Baby”
“Murder of Crow”
“Ahab”
“The Short Song” (hidden track)
Uranus Or Bust
The next Weasels album, Uranus or Bust, took three years to write, record and release. Behind original cover art by Michael Oatman, Fun (billed as Racer Fun), Weäsell (billed as Chairman Wow) and Graf (now Sir Mixalot of Ice-T) offered 16 new compositions (one hidden) produced and engineered at Graf's Big Saucy Sound Studio. Berger, Maynard and Okey returned to the band, and were joined by keyboardist Adrian Cohen, brother of Weasel emeriti Jordan and Jon, the latter of whom guests on Uranus, as do drummers Candlen, Petrocelli and Larry Levine, Amy Abdou (violin), Rena Graf (vocals), Mike Pauley (bass) and “some Russian friend of Candlen’s” (voices). Two of Uranus’ songs were commissioned as part of multimedia art installations created by Oatman. “Hall of Pain” (about this album's representative Notorious Killer, nineteenth-century Troy, New York's Andress Hall) was composed as part of “Awful Disclosures: The Life and Confessions of Andress Hall,” while “Monument Road” appeared in conjunction with “Henry Perkins and the Eugenics Survey of Vermont.” Maynard composed the music for one song on the album, “Dumber Than Me,” while the Larry Trilogy continued with “Ou Est Monsieur Crane?”, which was also performed live by the Clown Punchers, a side project featuring Weäsell and Mike Goudreau, VH1 staff writer for such programs as I Love the '80s and Before They Were Rock Stars. In May 2006, "Mr. Yamamoto" (a.k.a. "Jimmy's Talking Pants") was selected for broadcast on Doctor Demento's internationally syndicated radio show. Uranus or Bust included the following songs:
“Harvey Loped Along”
“Something Wicked”
“Onan Spilled His Seed”
“Small Engine Repair”
“MacNeice”
“Alison Wonderbread”
“Ou Est Monsieur Crane?”
“Monument Road”
“Lemons”
“A Million Vacations”
“Dumber Than Me”
“Crogolin Grange”
“Jimmy’s Talking Pants” (sometimes listed as “Mr. Yamamoto”)
“Hale-Bopp (Recorded Live at the Village Gate, NYC, November 23, 1961)”
“Hall of Pain”
“Rachel” (a hidden track)
GenerationXcrement
Originally conceived as the bonus disc for a planned four-record box set retrospective, GenerationXcrement was released in 2000 and provided an assortment of alternate takes and unreleased tracks from the group's first decade, including some of the earliest “basement tapes” from their pre-live incarnations. On October 28, 2000, the band played what is, to date, their last live show at Valentine's Music Hall in Albany to support this disc's release. Fun and Weäsell were joined onstage by Jon Cohen (bass), drummer Scott Appicelli and hired hands Steve Watson (keyboards) and Nathaniel Ward (guitar). Graf no longer performed onstage with the Weasels, but provided sound mix and supplements from the engineer's booth. GenerationXcrement featured performers from throughout the band's history, including the following musicians not credited elsewhere in their recorded canon: Mike Sheehan (keyboards), Andy Manion (guitar) and Mary Panza (voice).
The album included the following songs:
"Man On the Moon”
“Fluffy Wuffy Bunnies”
“Billy Boy”
“Let the Killing Begin”
"Have A Nice Day”
“Old Spot Old Stain”
“Amway Man”
“Gawdzilla”
“A Fish”
“Fat Lady Sings”
“Part On the Square” (written for an art installation by Oatman, and sometimes listed as "Hard On the Square")
“Generation Excrement”
Axis of Weasel
The first release of The Weasels' studio-only era was Axis of Weasel, released in January 2006. Produced and engineered by Graf at Big Saucy Sound, the album's 12 songs feature Fun, Weäsell, Graf, Jon Cohen (bass and Chapman Stick), Adrian Cohen (keyboards), Appicelli (drums), and new guitarist Matt Pirog. Guests on the record include stalwart guitarist Maynard on lead and slide guitars, Rena Graf and Mike Pauley (backing vocals), Dud Hennessey (mouth harp), Nathaniel Ward (guitar) and J. Eric Smith (theremin). Axis of Weasel was originally titled It Takes A Village to Raise a Village Idiot and is referenced as such in news articles and reviews from this period. The Larry Trilogy continued with closing track “Everything’s Fine.” Album opener “Hey Joey Doyle” takes film masterpiece On the Waterfront as its launching point. An edit from “Dirtnap” was broadcast nationally in January 2006 as part of National Public Radio’s “A Word to the Wise” segment, dealing with coffins, caskets and undertakers. Axis of Weasel included the following tracks:
"Hey Joey Doyle”
“Where Cheese Is King”
“Flergen, A Swede”
“Suckling”
“Transparent”
“Whither Goest the Waitress”
“1973”
“Officer Gerbils”
"Cosmic Rays”
“Under A Cheddar Moon”
“Dirtnap”
“Everything’s Fine”
Little Big Man
In Spring 2006, a new Weasels song called "Little Big Man" was featured in "Model Citizens", an exhibition and series of documentary videos spanning four Northeast communities and featuring the work of over 25 model makers and curated as part of the Public Art/Moving Site Project; the show also involved longtime Weasels collaborator Michael Oatman. "Little Big Man" featured Fun, Graf, Weäsell and Pirog from the Axis of Weasel band, joined by returning Leon/Uranus bassist Alan Okey and Al Kash, an internationally recognized veteran drummer whose first recordings were with Australian band, Blackfeather on their 1971 album At the Mountains of Madness. Kash also played drums in Florida for Tiger Tiger, a Miccosukee Indian band in the 1970s before returning to the Albany area to form regional '80s new wave legends Fear of Strangers (originally known as the Units), a band that also featured Aimee Mann collaborator Todd Nelson (guitar), with whom Kash later played in the Rumdummies.
"Little Big Man"
AARP Go The Weasels
Graf, Pirog and Okey left The Weasels after the completion of "Little Big Man," with Jon Cohen returning as bassist. In September 2010, The Weasels released a single and video, "Do The Teabag," featuring a new core line-up of Fun (Vocals, keyboards, saxophone), Weäsell (guitar, vocals), Kash (drums) and Jon Cohen (bass). The full-length AARP Go The Weasels was released on February 14, 2013 (Valentine's Day), and included "Do The Teabag" in its 15-track playlist. Fun, Weasell, Jon Cohen and Kash are joined on the album by guitarists Chuck D’Aloia (Nick Brignola, Happy Rhodes) and Eric Finn, saxophone player Brian Patneaude, vocalist Sarah La Duke, keyboardists Adrian Cohen and Mike Kelley and percussionist Scott Apicelli, who also co-produced the album with Fun and Weäsell.AARP Go The Weasels includes the following tracks:
"Father Weasel"
"A Friend in Tweed"
"1-800-MORON"
"Zucchini Park"
"Do The Teabag"
"Driving Albert's Brain"
"What Says Creep" (re-make of "Billy Boy" from Generation Xcrement)
"Timmy's in Trouble"
"Freemason Reese" (re-make of "Part on the Square" from Generation Xcrement)
"Last Supper on Lark Street"
"Invasion of the Body"
"Trotsky in the Bronx"
"Drink Your Tea"
"Wailing Song"
"Doubting Thomas"
Also Sprach Larrythustra
In May 2015, the Weasels released a five-track EP titled Also Sprach Larrythustra, which continues the group's homage to the Trilogy of Larry by featuring a cover image of Larry Fine as the Egyptian Sphynx. Fun, Weäsell and D'Aloia return from the AARP Go The Weasels band, with session professional and instructional writer Art Bernstein replacing Al Kash on drums.
Songs include:
"Spin"
"Ding Ding"
"Where Is The Polar Bear"
"Diamond Blue Gremlin"
"Saffron Nearly"
The Man Who Saw Tomorrow
The Weasels' seventh full-length album, The Man Who Saw Tomorrow, was released in November 2018, featuring a core band of Fun (vocals, keyboards, guitar, jazz flute), Weäsell (guitars, vocals), D'Aloia (lead guitar, bass) and Bernstein (drums), supplemented by guest bassists Charles Berthoud and Baba Elefante, and guest keyboardists Joshua Hegg and Mike Kelley. Chris Graf returned to provide backing vocals and mix the album with Scott Apicelli, and Michael Oatman from the "Weasel Vision" era provided the original cover art.
The album featured 15 songs:
"Nostradamus is Dead"
"Et Tu Harvey"
"Winona Minnesota"
"Ointment For My Stump"
"George Barely"
"Fancy That"
"Wokeflake"
"Yuge"
"Gold Medal Flower"
"Finnegans Wake"
"I Sing The Weiner Electric"
"Planieren Sie Den Mond" (Instrumental reinterpretation of "Bulldoze The Moon" from Leon's Mystical Head).
"Cherry Of Course"
"The New Black"
"When In Rome"
The Flying Bobs and the Death of Chris Graf
In 2021, Weäsell, Graf, early-era Weasels' drummer Dave Berger, and long-time bass collaborator Jon Cohen (with support from guitarists Chuck D'Aloia, Crick Diefendorf and Andy Baker, keyboardists Robert Lindquist and Dan McShaw, and sax players Daniel Ian Smith and Jeff Nania) issued a Weasels-adjacent album entitled High Fidelity Virtue Signaling Party, and credited to The Flying Bobs. The album included a re-make of the Weasels' cut "Something Wicked" from Uranus or Bust,'' along with eleven new tracks composed by Weäsell and Graf. In January 2022, Chris Graf died from complications associated with COVID-19 infection.
External links
Official website
Memorial for Chris Graf
References
Rock music groups from New York (state)
Crossover (music)
Musical groups from Albany, New York |
4030981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Church%20of%20England%20High%20School%2C%20Chorley | St Michael's Church of England High School, Chorley | St Michael's is a Church of England secondary school located in the town of Chorley, Lancashire, England. The school is home to 1,200 pupils, and is a performing Arts College. Since September 2016, the headteacher has been Mrs Jayne Jenks, who took over from Mrs Julie Heaton, who had occupied the post since January 2012. She started as a teacher of physical education in 1982.
The school was established in 1964, as a Secondary Modern School. The first headteacher was Roy Moore. Educated at Lincoln College, Oxford he was an outlook, a Christian socialist, and a great believer in equality. A notable feature of the school, is that the houses and tutor groups are all named after people of notable Christian faith who have made significant personal, cultural, or religious contributions to society. The school became a comprehensive school in 1972, and an Academy in 2011.
The school's uniform is a maroon blazer incorporating the school logo and motto. The lower school tie is maroon, with multiple silver crosses. The upper school tie is the same however with a black background. Hughes or the Chapel Choir (for Years 9 to 11) have a silver tie with maroon crosses. An optional jumper for lower school is maroon with a silver logo, the higher school jumper is black with an silver logo.
Notable former pupils
Adam Henley, Welsh footballer
Nick Anderton, English footballer
Steve Pemberton, Actor
Anna Hopkin, British Swimmer
Emma Lamb, England Cricketer
References
External links
Official website
Schools in Chorley
Educational institutions established in 1964
Secondary schools in Lancashire
Church of England secondary schools in the Diocese of Blackburn
Academies in Lancashire
1964 establishments in England |
4030995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawer | Mawer | Mawer has sometimes been described as a British occupational surname related to another British surname "Mower". However there is no reliable citation or clear origin for this. One argument against a speculated connection with the name "Mower" is that in the days when clerks (amanuenses) wrote what they heard from the illiterate public, they differentiated between Mawer and Mower, i.e. they were probably pronounced differently, even in areas where the same dialect was spoken.
Another possibility worth researching is that "Mawer" is an Anglicised spelling of Mauer, a fairly common German surname, meaning "wall". If that were indeed the origin of "Mawer", it would explain both the differentiated pronunciation, and the Anglicised spelling.
The surname Mawer may refer to:
Allen Mawer (1879–1942), English philologist
Barbara Mawer (1936–2006), British scientist
Catherine Mawer (1803–1877), British architectural sculptor
Charles Mawer (born 1839), British architectural sculptor
Gary Mawer (born 1969), Irish sprint canoer
June Knox-Mawer (1930–2006), British writer
Philip Mawer (born 1947), British civil servant
Robert Mawer (1807–1854), British architectural sculptor
Shaun Mawer (1959–2010), British football player
Simon Mawer (born 1948), British author
See also
Mawer, Saskatchewan
Maver or Mavor, a Scottish surname.
Mawer language, spoken in south-west Chad
Mawer Group: a group of closely associated 19th-century architectural sculptors working in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. These were: Robert Mawer, Catherine Mawer, Charles Mawer, William Ingle, Matthew Taylor, Benjamin Payler and Benjamin Burstall.
Surnames of British Isles origin |
4031002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Lycian%20place%20names | List of Lycian place names | This article contains a list of Lycian place names that have survived from ancient Lycia in Anatolia. Names of settlements and geomorphic features are known from ancient literary sources. Ptolemy's Geography lists places in Asia Minor and specifically Lycia. Strabo's Geography has a section on Lycia as well, as does Pliny's Natural History. Stephanus of Byzantium includes a large number of Lycian places in Ethnica. Hierocles in Synecdemus lists the cities in the eparchy of Lycia. William Martin Leake's Journal of his own trips through Anatolia, as well as of those of many other travellers, with analyses of sources, mainly Ptolemy, is still a valuable source of information on the locations and appearances of the Lycian sites. In addition, numerous inscriptions in the Lycian language state some place names in their Lycian forms. The topographical information comes from the Aydin thesis, and was developed from Turkish military maps.
This article does not address the task of defining Lycia. Over a thousand or more years, the borders of the historical territory, called Lycia in English, are not likely to have remained invariant. This list includes places named by some source at some time as "Lycian", and also any settlement with a Lycian language name, even though located in some other city-state. "Lycia" therefore represents a maximum territory, to which any historical Lycia was never exactly identical.
Aydin studied 44 out of 78 known ancient settlements. Many more archaeological sites are not identifiable with ancient settlements. Aydin also collected information on 870 Turkish settlements over the same region. The moderns, certainly, populate the region much more densely than the ancients.
Some of the modern place names are given in Turkish. For the most part, the equivalent English, French or German pronunciations are good approximations, but Turkish has some letters not present in those languages. Ğ or ğ is not pronounced, but lengthens the preceding vowel. For example, dağ, "mountain", is pronounced daa. Substitution of an English G or g is false. Ç or ç is a ch as in child, Ş or ş is an sh as in shore. What appear to be an English C or c is a J as in John, while the J or j is pronounced as the z in azure. The vowels have a short rather than a long pronunciation. As Turkish is an agglutinative language, the endings do not have the same meanings; e.g., daği is not the plural of dağ, which is daĝlar (daalar).
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B
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References
External links
Lycian |
4031009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange%20skunk%20clownfish | Orange skunk clownfish | Amphiprion sandaracinos, also known as the orange skunk clownfish or orange anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish that is distinguished by its broad white stripe along the dorsal ridge. Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict sized based dominance hierarchy: the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male non-breeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male will change to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest non-breeder becomes the breeding male.
Description
A. sandaracinos is one of the smaller anemonefish, which grows up to 11 cm as a female and 3 to 6.5 cm as a male. Its body has a stock appearance, oval shape, compressed laterally and with a round profile. Its coloration is bright orange, with a white stripe on the dorsal ridge from the superior lip, passing between the eyes and ending at the caudal fin base. All the fins have the same coloration as the body except the dorsal fin which is partially white. Its iris is bright yellow.
Distribution and habitat
A. sandaracinos is found in the center of the Indo-Pacific area, known as the Coral Triangle, from the Philippines to Indonesia and New Guinea.It is also found in north western Australia, Christmas Island, Melanesia and to the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan. A. sandaracinos typically lives in small groups on outer reef slopes or in lagoons at a maximal depth of .
Host anemones
The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is not random and instead is highly nested in structure. A. sandaracinos is a specialist, being hosted primarily by 1 out of the 10 host anemones:
Heteractis crispa Sebae anemone (rarely)
Stichodactyla mertensii Mertens' carpet sea anemone (usually)
On the northern coast of New Guinea, male A. sandaracinos occasionally breed with the significantly larger female A. chrysopterus and their offspring is the hybrid anemonefish A. leucokranos.
In 2011 3 individuals of A. sandaracinos and a pair of A. clarkii were observed to coexist within one host anemone of Stichodactyla mertensii. A. clarkii was not aggressive towards the A. sandaracinos but was aggressive towards all fish approaching the anemone. The anemonefish didn't divide the host into separate territories.
Feeding
Like all anemonefish, A. sandaracinos is omnivorous and its diet is based on zooplankton, small benthic crustaceans and algaes.
Conservation status
Anemonefish and their host anemones are found on coral reefs and face similar environmental issues. Like corals, anemone's contain intracellular endosymbionts, zooxanthellae, and can suffer from bleaching due to triggers such as increased water temperature or acidification. The other threat to anemonefish is collection for the marine aquarium trade where anemonefish make up 43% of the global marine ornamental trade, and 25% of the global trade comes from fish bred in captivity, while the majority are captured from the wild, accounting for decreased densities in exploited areas. While bleaching is a significant threat to anemonefish and their host anemones, there is evidence suggesting that collection compounds the localised impact of bleaching. A. sandaracinos was the only species of anemonefish that was evaluated in the 2012 release of the IUCN Red List and it was listed as being of least concern as the threats are mainly of a localised nature and do not pose a significant threat to the global population of this species.
In aquaria
A. sandaracinos along with their host anemones are collected for the aquarium trade, and the anemonefish has been bred in captivity.
References
External links
sandaracinos
Fish described in 1972 |
4031019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%20Javad | Ahmad Javad | Ahmad Javad (; May 5, 1892 – October 13, 1937) was an Azerbaijani poet who is best known for writing the words of the National Anthem of Azerbaijan used under the 1918–1920 Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, and again since 1991, and another poem named Chirpynirdi gara deniz.
Biography
Ahmad Javad Akhundzade was born on May 5, 1892, in the village Seyfali of Shamkir rayon. He got his primary education at home, learning Turkish, Persian, Arabic and Eastern literature. In 1912 after graduating from a religious seminary in Ganja he worked as a teacher.
During the Balkan war he fought on the Turkish side in a detachment of volunteers from the Caucasus.
He published the poetry books "Goshma" (1916) and "Dalga" (1919). In 1918 at the suggestion of Mammed Amin Rasulzade he joined the Musavat Party and from 1920 to 1923 he was a member of its Central Committee, for which he was arrested in 1923 and later freed. Javad wrote about the declaration of the ADR in "Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan!" and about the Azerbaijani flag in "To Azerbaijan's flag". Under the ADR he continued teaching and helped establish Azerbaijan University. In the poem "O, soldier!" he glorified the Turkish Army, which fought on the Azerbaijani side in 1918.
After the establishment of Soviet authority Javad continued teaching. In 1920, he worked as the headmaster and a teacher of Russian and Azerbaijani in the village of Khulug in Gusar rayon, but from 1920 to 1922 he was a Quba rayon's public education branch manager.
In 1922–1927 he studied in the history and philology department of Azerbaijan's Pedagogic Institute, and simultaneously taught at the technical scholl named after Nariman Narimanov.
In 1924–1926 he worked as the senior secretary of the Union of Soviet Writers of Azerbaijan. In 1925 Javad was arrested for the poem "Goygol".
In 1930 he moved to Ganja. From 1930 to 1933 he was a teacher, then the associate professor and the head of a chair of Russian and Azerbaijani languages of Ganja Agricultural Institute. In 1933 he received the title of professor. Afterwards he headed a literary department of Ganja Drama Theater.
In 1934, Javad returned to Baku, worked as an editor of translation department of "Azernashr" Publishing House. In 1935–1936, he headed the department of documentary films at "Azerbaijanfilm" film studio.
He was later arrested by the Soviet regime and executed on October 13, 1937, accused of trying to spread Musavat-inspired nationalism to young Azerbaijani poets. He was a leader of the Musavat Literature Union called Yashil Galamlar (Green Pens). Javad was one of many Azerbaijani artists and writers imprisoned and killed by the Soviet regime for ideas that it considered dangerous.
There is a photo of prisoner Ahmad Javad, number 1112. The last sentence reads: “The death sentence of Ahmad Javad was executed on October 13, 1937, in Baku”. His family was exiled.
The documents charged that in addition to being a member of the Musavat Party, Ahmad Javad was a friend of M.A.Rasulzade, the founder of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, as well as the poets Mushfig and Javid.
His wife Shukriya Khanum was separated from her children and sentenced to eight years in a Siberian Labor camp.
In December 1955, Javad was rehabilitated. His works include "Poems" (1958) and "Don't cry, I will do" (1991). In March 1937 he was awarded the first prize for his translation of Shota Rustaveli's "The Knight in Tiger Skin" into Azerbaijani. Other works he translated into Azerbaijani include: Pushkin's "Copper Rider", Gorky's Childhood, Turgenev's prose, Shakespeare's Othello, Rabelais's "Gargantua and Pantagruel'', K. Gamsun's "Hunger".
See also
Read full texts by this author on Wikisource.
References
External links
Biography (Azeri)
“Ahmad Javad: Stalin’s Legacy—Wiping Out Azerbaijan’s Brightest Thinkers” by his son Yilmaz Akhundzade in “Azerbaijan International,” Vol. 14:1 (Spring 2006), pp. 80–83. Two poems by Javad are also included (English translation).
National anthem writers
1937 deaths
Great Purge victims from Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani male poets
Executed writers
1892 births
19th-century Azerbaijani people
20th-century Azerbaijani poets
People from Shamkir |
4031025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longjing%2C%20Jilin | Longjing, Jilin | Longjing (; Chosŏn'gŭl: 룡정; Hangul: 룽징) is a county-level city in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, southeastern Jilin province, China. It lies on the Tumen River opposite the North Korean city Hoeryong.
Its population is approximately 258,000. It borders Yanji and Tumen City on the northeast, Helong to the southwest, and Antu County in the southwest. The border length is .
Yun Dong-ju studied in Longjing.
Administrative divisions
Longjing has two subdistricts, six towns and two townships:
Subdistricts
Anmin Subdistrict ( / )
Longmen Subdistrict ( / )
Towns
Chaoyangchuan ( / )
Dongshengyong ( / )
Kaishantun ( / )
Laotougou ( / )
Sanhe ( / )
Zhixin ( / )
Townships
Baijin Township ( / )
Dexin Township ( /)
References
External links
Official website (Chinese)
Cities in Yanbian
County-level divisions of Jilin |
4031031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVRML | XVRML | xVRML (eXtensible Virtual Reality Modeling Language, usually pronounced ex-vermal) is a standard file format for representing 3-dimensional (3D) interactive computer graphics, designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind.
Format
xVRML is a text-file format from the xVRML Project at RIT. While xVRML evolved from VRML; it now has an easy-to-learn, XML-based syntax, for which it utilizes an XML Schema to insure both a clear structure and understandable constraints.
Downloads
The specifications, documentation, and example files, as well as information about a viewer application (Carina), may all be found at the xVRML Project website. All but the examples may be downloaded from the Project SourceForge site. An extensive and growing object library is available for public use through the xVRML Project site.
References
External links
Graphics file formats
XML-based standards
Virtual reality
Vector graphics markup languages |
4031032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VideoGames%20%26%20Computer%20Entertainment | VideoGames & Computer Entertainment | VideoGames & Computer Entertainment (abbreviated as VG&CE) was an American magazine dedicated to covering video games on computers, home consoles and arcades. It was published by LFP, Inc. from the late 1980s until the mid-1990s. Offering game reviews, previews, game strategies and cheat codes as well as coverage of the general industry, VG&CE was also one of the first magazines to cover both home console and computer games. The magazine gave out annual awards in a variety of categories, divided between the best of home video games and computer video games. The magazine featured original artwork by Alan Hunter and other freelance artists.
History
VG&CE began as a spinoff of ANALOG Computing, a magazine published by LFP devoted to Atari 8-bit family of home computers.
VG&CE was started at LFP by Lee H. Pappas (publisher), with Andy Eddy as executive editor (Eddy was a freelance contributor to the first issue of the magazine, which had the cover date of December 1988, just before relocating to California in September 1988 to become its editor before the first issue hit the streets. During Eddy's tenure at the magazine, there was no one listed as editor-in-chief, simply due to odd staff-titling decisions.) Contributors included Arnie Katz and Bill "The Game Doctor" Kunkel, co-founders of the first video game magazine, Electronic Games. Tips & Tricks editor-in-chief Chris Bieniek was an associate editor at VG&CE. Computer Player editor-in-chief Mike Davila was an associate editor and later executive editor at VG&CE. Knights of Xentar writer David Moskowitz was also an associate editor at VG&CE during the Eddy/Davila/Bieniek tenure.
VideoGames - The Ultimate Gaming Magazine
The magazine was renamed into VideoGames - The Ultimate Gaming Magazine starting with the September 1993 issue and dropped computer game coverage.
In an effort to compete with magazines popular at the time, such as GamePro, the magazine was made more kid-friendly with vibrant colors and issues often featured a videogame cheat printed on the cover, labelled as a "free code" (this ended in late 1994). For much of this era, Chris Gore was editor-in-chief, and had a monthly news and gossip column "The Gore Score". The magazine ended publication in late 1996, when Ziff-Davis bought VideoGames from LFP and folded the brand.
Spin-off magazines
VG&CE spun off several other video game magazines:
TurboPlay (June/July 1990-August/September 1992), a bi-monthly magazine dedicated to covering TurboGrafx-16 hardware and software.
Tips & Tricks (February 1995-August 2007), a game magazine dedicated to game strategies and cheat codes. The magazine concept was spun out of the "Easter Egg Hunt" and "Tips & Tricks" sections in VG&CE, which offered extensive codes and cheats for video games, as well as the "walkthrough" strategies that VG&CE also provided.
References
External links
VideoGames & computer entertainment. at worldcat.org
VideoGames. at worldcat.org
An interview with former associate editor Chris Bieniek
Magazine #21: Video Games & Computer Entertainment
VideoGames and Computer Entertainment, covers of issues December 1988 to April 1990
VideoGames & Computer Entertainment scans, PDF repository of VG&CE
VideoGames scans, PDF repository of VG
Archived Video games the Ultimate Gaming Magazines on the Internet Archive
Defunct computer magazines published in the United States
Video game magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1988
Magazines disestablished in 1996
Magazines published in California
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States |
4031051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Tullin%20Thams | Jacob Tullin Thams | Jacob Tullin "Tulla" Thams (7 April 1898 – 27 July 1954) was a Norwegian Olympian, who competed in ski jumping and sailing.
Career
He won the first Olympic ski jumping gold medal in 1924, and became the third person (after Gillis Grafström who competed in one sport only and boxer/bobsleigh crew member Eddie Eagan) to medal in both the Winter and Summer Olympics in 1936 as a member of the silver medal-winning Norwegian 8-metre sailing team.
Thams also won the individual large hill at the 1926 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti, earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1926 (the first true ski jumper to do so), and would develop the Kongsberger technique in ski jumping (along with fellow Norwegian Sigmund Ruud) that would be the standard until it was superseded by the Daescher technique in the 1950s. Thams is one of the few athletes who have competed in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games.
Ski jumping world records
Not recognized! Crash at world record distance.
References
External links
1898 births
1954 deaths
Ski jumpers at the 1924 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1928 Winter Olympics
Sailors at the 1936 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre
Holmenkollen medalists
Norwegian male ski jumpers
Olympic ski jumpers of Norway
Norwegian male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors of Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Olympic silver medalists for Norway
Olympic medalists in ski jumping
Olympic medalists in sailing
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping
Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Oslo |
4031060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Law%20%28Latter%20Day%20Saints%29 | William Law (Latter Day Saints) | William Law (September 8, 1809 – January 19, 1892) was an important figure in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement, holding a position in the church's First Presidency under Joseph Smith. Law was later excommunicated for apostasy from the church and was founder of the short-lived True Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. In this capacity, he published a single edition of the Nauvoo Expositor, the destruction of which set in motion a chain of events that eventually led to Smith's death.
Biography
Law was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, to Richard Law and Ann Hunter as the youngest of five children. His older brother was Wilson Law. The Law family moved to the United States around 1820. Law eventually ended up in Upper Canada, and at the age of 24 married Jane Silverthorn, who was 19 years old. Law and Silverthorn had eight children: two daughters and six sons.
Law and his wife joined the Church of Christ in 1836 in Canada, through the proselyting efforts of John Taylor and Almon W. Babbitt. In 1839, Law led a group of Canadian saints to Nauvoo, Illinois, and in 1841, Joseph Smith chose him to be a member of the First Presidency. He was also a member of the Nauvoo city council.
Over time, Law became troubled by certain practices of Smith. He felt Smith was confusing church and state roles in Nauvoo, by evading extradition to be tried for crimes in Missouri. He also thought Smith used his church authority to sway political outcomes. However, it was Smith's covert practice of polygamy (and his advances towards Law's wife, Jane) that caused Law to completely separate himself. Rumors circulated that Smith had made several proposals to Jane under the premise that she would enter a polyandrous marriage with Smith. Law and his wife confirmed these rumors were partly true.
However, according to Alexander Neibaur, Jane Law had actually asked to be sealed to Smith after he had refused to seal her to William. According to the rumor, Smith had denied the couple because William was guilty of adultery (William had confessed his actions to Smith), though he did not tell Jane his reasons. In committing the sin, Law felt like he had transgressed against his own soul.
Years later, according to Ann Eliza Young (nineteenth wife of Brigham Young and later a critic of polygamy and Mormonism), Jane stated Smith visited her at night when he knew Law would not be home and proposed to her, suggesting it was God's will that she enter into a polyandrous marriage with him. Young's account states that Jane Law stated that Smith had "asked her to give him half her love; she was at liberty to keep the other half for her husband." She refused Smith's request to marry him as a polyandrous plural wife. In contrast to her claim, Smith stated Jane had "thrown her arms around his neck" and requested to be sealed to Smith if she could not be sealed to William Law. Smith turned down the request. Law still believed Mormonism was true, but he viewed Smith as a fallen prophet.
On January 8, 1844, Law was informed he was no longer a counselor to Smith in the First Presidency. He was shocked and frustrated. He demanded a rehearing of his case, because the procedures for removal from the First Presidency had not been followed. The rehearing was granted and on April 18, 1844, he was tried again. However, this time he was tried as if he were a private member and not a high-ranking church official. Once again he felt this went against church protocol. The following day he was informed of his excommunication on grounds of apostasy. At this point, he felt Smith was beyond saving, and that it was his duty to expose him to the rest of the Mormon community.
Law met privately after his excommunication with other opponents of Smith and formed a group. Shortly thereafter, Law created the True Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and became its President. On June 7, 1844, Law and his followers published the Nauvoo Expositor, a newspaper that outlined Law's contentions against Smith, including the then-secret practice of plural marriage. The reaction to the newspaper was not what Law expected, and after two days of consultation, the printing press was ordered destroyed by Smith and the Nauvoo city council. It was destroyed later that day.
Smith was later arrested and taken to nearby Carthage, Illinois, on charges relating to the destruction of the Expositor. On June 27, 1844, Smith was killed by a mob.
For many years, Law was accused of being a member or a leader of the mob that killed Smith. However, Law's diary shows that he was not in Carthage at the time of the murder, though he had been present there earlier in the day.
Law expressed outrage and remorse at Smith's death in his private journal.
Law's opinion was Smith's goal "to demoralize the world, to give it to Satan, his master..... He claimed to be a god, whereas he was only a servant of the Devil, and as such he met his fate."
In 1887, Law agreed to be interviewed reflecting on his experience with Mormonism. This interview, along with three letters by Law, were published in the Salt Lake Tribune. In this interview Law affirmed he had first person witness that Smith ordered the murder of former governor of Missouri, Lilburn Boggs.
Law eventually moved to Shullsburg, Lafayette County, Wisconsin, where he died in 1892 at the age of 82.
References
Further reading
.
.
.
.
.
. Reprinted at MormonThink.com without notice of permission
.
External links
A copy of the Nauvoo Expositor
Three letters written later in William Law's life about his views on Mormonism
William Law Diary, MSS SC 2526, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
Hancock County, Illinois Circuit Court summons for William Law, Vault MSS 417, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;" |Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints titles
1809 births
1892 deaths
19th-century American journalists
American Latter Day Saints
American male journalists
Converts to Mormonism
Counselors in the First Presidency (LDS Church)
Critics of Mormonism
Doctrine and Covenants people
Former Latter Day Saints
Founders of new religious movements
Irish Latter Day Saints
Irish emigrants to Canada (before 1923)
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
Irish general authorities (LDS Church)
Latter Day Saint leaders
Leaders in the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)
Nauvoo Expositor publishers
People excommunicated by the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)
People from Shullsburg, Wisconsin
Rigdonites |
4031074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Resource%20Connector | Advanced Resource Connector | Advanced Resource Connector (ARC) is a grid computing middleware introduced by NorduGrid. It provides a common interface for submission of computational tasks to different distributed computing systems and thus can enable grid infrastructures of varying size and complexity. The set of services and utilities providing the interface is known as ARC Computing Element (ARC-CE). ARC-CE functionality includes data staging and caching, developed in order to support data-intensive distributed computing. ARC is an open source software distributed under the Apache License 2.0.
History
ARC appeared (and is still often referred to) as the NorduGrid middleware, originally proposed as an architecture on top of the Globus Toolkit optimized for the needs of High-Energy Physics computing for the Large Hadron Collider experiments. First deployment of ARC at the NorduGrid testbed took place in summer 2002, and by 2003 it was used to support complex computations.
The first stable release of ARC (version 0.4) came out in April 2004 under the GNU General Public License. The name "Advanced Resource Connector" was introduced for this release to distinguish the middleware from the infrastructure. In the same year, the Swedish national Grid project Swegrid became the first large cross-discipline infrastructure to be based on ARC.
In 2005, NorduGrid was formally established as a collaboration to support and coordinate ARC development. In 2006 two closely related projects were launched: the Nordic Data Grid Facility, deploying a pan-Nordic e-Science infrastructure based on ARC, and KnowARC, focused on transforming ARC into a next generation Grid middleware.
ARC v0.6 was released in May 2007, becoming the second stable release. Its key feature was introduction of the client library enabling easy development of higher-level applications. It was also the first ARC release making use of open standards, as it included support for JSDL. Later that year, the first technology preview of the next generation ARC middleware was made available, though was not distributed with ARC itself. The new approach involved switching to a Web service based architecture, and in general a very substantial re-factorisation of the core code.
In 2008, the NorduGrid consortium adopted the Apache License for all ARC components.
The last stable release in the 0-line was ARC v0.8, shipped in September 2009. It eventually included a preview version of the new execution service - the A-REX' - and several other components, like Chelonia, ISIS, Charon' and the arcjobtool GUI.
In parallel to ARC v0.8, the EU KnowARC project released in November 2009 the conceptual ARC NOX suite, which was a complete Grid solution, fully based on Web service technologies. The name NOX actually indicates the release date: November of the Year of the Ox.
In May 2011, NorduGrid released ARC v11.05 (adopting Ubuntu versioning scheme this time). This release marked the complete transition from the old execution service to A-REX and accompanying services. For backwards compatibility with the existing infrastructures, old interfaces for the execution service and the information system were retained.
ARC 6 was released in May 2019 and while having same interfaces it features a completely redesigned configuration and a new management tool.
Components
Hosting environment:
HED - hosting environment for Web services (WS)
Execution services:
Grid Manager - server providing computing capability
A-REX - next generation of Grid Manager, WS-based
Information services:
Classic information server - local service information publishing
Classic information index - distributed information indexing
Accounting:
JURA - job record publisher for A-REX
Clients:
arc* job and data CLI - next generation command-line interface for job and data management, interoperable with other middlewares like gLite and UNICORE
arcproxy - universal Grid proxy generation utility
Grid Monitor - graphical interface to the classic information services
Libraries and API:
libarcclient - job management and information
libarcdata2 - data management
HED security API
Availability
ARC is free software available from the NorduGrid public repository, both as binary packages for a variety of Linux systems and source. Source code is also openly available from the GitHub repository.
Development
The open source development of the ARC middleware is coordinated by the NorduGrid collaboration. Contributions to the software, documentation and dissemination activities are coming from the community and from various projects, such as the EU KnowARC and EMI projects, NDGF, NeIC and various national infrastructure and research projects.
Versioning
Between 2011 and 2018 ARC used an Ubuntu-like versioning schema for bundled releases consisting of individual components. Individual components have own versioning, corresponding to code tags. Version of the core ARC packages is often used instead of the formal release number in everyday communication.
Starting with ARC6 (2019) version number of the release coincides with that of the tag.
Standards and interoperability
ARC implements several Open Grid Forum standards, in particular, JSDL, Glue2, BES, UR/RUS and StAR.
ARC in various projects and initiatives
European Middleware Initiative
In 2010-2013, several key ARC components - most notably, HED, A-REX, clients and libraries - were included in the European Middleware Initiative (EMI) software stack. Through EMI, ARC became a part of the Unified Middleware Distribution (UMD) of the European Grid Infrastructure (EGI).
Nordic DataGrid Facility and NeIC
ARC is the basis of the computing infrastructure of the Nordic Data Grid Facility (NDGF). In 2006-2010 NDGF actively contributed to ARC development, and since 2010 provides ARC deployment expertise within EGI. Since 2012, NDGF became a part of the Nordic e-Infrastructure Collaboration.
KnowARC project
Grid-enabled Know-how Sharing Technology Based on ARC Services and Open Standards (KnowARC) was a Sixth Framework Programme Specific Targeted Research Project, funded under Priority IST-2005-2.5.4 "Advanced Grid Technologies, Systems and Services" from June 2006 to November 2009. In many ways it was the project that shaped ARC. The main goal was to make ARC based on open community standards, and among the key results was creation of the standardized Hosting Environment for ARC services (HED).
Apart from its main aim of further developing ARC, it contributed to the development of standards, and increased Grid and ARC usage in medicine and bioinformatics.
In July 2009, KnowARC announced it contributed to the integration of Grid technologies into official Linux repositories by adding Globus Toolkit components into Fedora and Debian repositories.
See also
European Grid Infrastructure
European Middleware Initiative
Nordic Data Grid Facility
NorduGrid
References
Further reading
External links
NorduGrid official website for the Advanced Resource Connector middleware
KnowARC, EU project contributing to the Advanced Resource Connector middleware development
Nordic DataGrid Facility, a Nordic project contributing to the Advanced Resource Connector middleware development
(Sweden)
: Finish Grid Infrastructure
(Norway)
: Swiss National Grid Association
Open Grid Forum, the home of Grid standards
: Nordic e-Infrastructure Collaboration
Middleware
Grid computing products |
4031078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Goldfoot%20and%20the%20Bikini%20Machine | Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine | Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine is a 1965 American International Pictures comedy film, made in Pathécolor, directed by Norman Taurog. It stars Vincent Price, Frankie Avalon, Dwayne Hickman, Susan Hart and Jack Mullaney, and features Fred Clark. It is a parody of the then-popular spy film trend (the title is a spoof of two James Bond films: the 1962 film Dr. No and the 1964 hit Goldfinger), made using actors from AIP's beach party and Edgar Allan Poe films.
Despite its low production values, the film has achieved a certain cult status for the appearance of horror legend Vincent Price and AIP's beach party film alumni, its in-jokes and over-the-top sexuality, the claymation title sequence designed by Art Clokey, and a title song performed by The Supremes.
The movie was retitled Dr G. and the Bikini Machine in England due to a threatened lawsuit from Eon, holder of the rights to the James Bond movies.
The success of the film on its 1965 release led to a sequel, made the following year, entitled Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs.
Plot
Price plays the titular mad scientist who, with the questionable assistance of his resurrected flunky Igor, builds a gang of female robots who are then dispatched to seduce and rob wealthy men. Avalon and Hickman play the bumbling heroes who attempt to thwart Goldfoot's scheme. The film's climax is an extended chase through the streets of San Francisco.
Cast
Vincent Price as Dr. Goldfoot
Frankie Avalon as Craig Gamble
Dwayne Hickman as Todd Armstrong
Susan Hart as Diane
Jack Mullaney as Igor
Fred Clark as D. J. Pevney
Alberta Nelson as Reject No. 12
Milton Frome as Motorcycle cop
Hal Riddle as Newsvendor
Robots
Patti Chandler
Mary Hughes
Salli Sachse
Luree Holmes
Sue Hamilton
Laura Nicholson
Marianne Gaba
China Lee
Issa Arnal
Deanna Lund
Pamela Rodgers
Leslie Summers
Sally Frei
Kay Michaels
Jan Watson
Arlene Charles
Alberta Nelson
Cameos
Harvey Lembeck
Deborah Walley
Aron Kincaid
Annette Funicello
Cast notes
Frankie Avalon and Dwayne Hickman play the same characters they did in the previous year's Ski Party, except that the characters' names were swapped.
Annette Funicello makes a brief cameo appearance as a girl locked in medieval stocks in Dr. Goldfoot's lair. Frankie Avalon lifts her head, then looks at the camera and says, "It can't be!" Pregnant with her first child at the time, Funicello was placed in the stocks in order to hide her stomach.
Harvey Lembeck also makes a cameo appearance as his Eric Von Zipper character, enchained along with his motorcycle in Goldfoot's lair. Lembeck also appeared as Goldfoot's assistant, Hugo, in the TV special The Wild Weird World of Dr. Goldfoot.
Among the girls who play Goldfoot's robots are Deanna Lund, three years before joining the cast of Irwin Allen's science fiction series Land of the Giants; China Lee, a former Playboy Playmate married to Mort Sahl; Luree Holmes and Laura Nicholson, the daughters of James H. Nicholson; and Alberta Nelson, who was also in all seven of AIP's Beach Party films as a member of Eric Von Zipper's motorcycle gang, The Rat Pack.
Production
Development
The original idea for this motion picture came from James H. Nicholson, the President of American International Pictures, who wanted to showcase the versatile talents of AIP contract player Susan Hart. Nicholson provided the story, and is credited as "James Hartford." He hired Robert Kaufman to write the first draft. Director Norman Taurog hired Elwood Ullman to do a rewrite, and Taurog remained intimately involved with the content. Deke Heyward later claimed, without substantiation, that he completely rewrote Robert Kaufman's script.
The original title was announced as Dr Goldfoot and the Sex Machine, and the film was to be directed by William Asher. Taurog shortly thereafter assumed the helm as director, and Dwayne Hickman joined the cast. Filming began in late summer 1965, with one of AIP's largest-ever budgets. It was the first AIP movie to cost over a million dollars.
Vincent Price stated in a 1987 interview with David Del Valle that the original script was a camp musical, comparing it to Little Shop of Horrors. Price stated, "It could have been fun, but they cut all the music out", though he is not clear whether the footage was actually shot or the idea was abandoned during production. According to Susan Hart:
One of the best scenes I've seen on film was Vincent Price singing about the bikini machine – it was excellent. And I was told it was taken out because Sam Arkoff thought that Vincent Price looked too fey. But his character was fey! By taking that particular scene out, I believe they took the explanation and the meat out of that picture... It was a really unique explanatory scene and Vincent Price was beautiful in it, right on the money.
According to Norman Taurog's biographer:
The original plan had been to follow the AIP formula and have songs integrated throughout the film, but Norman brought in Elwood Ullman to do a rewrite ... and the final script read like a good-natured spoof on the James Bond films with no songs. This apparently disappointed Vincent Price, who had been looking forward to singing.
Shooting
The film is notable for its scenic photography of San Francisco. The streetcar scene was filmed at the West Portal tunnel. Filming went for over 30 days, taking place on location in San Francisco and on the backlots at the Producers Studio and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. The day after the company returned from San Francisco, rioting broke out in Watts in South Los Angeles. On August 30, the unit moved to MGM Studios Lot 2 to shoot on their "New York Street" set for a couple of days before returning to the Producers Studio.
The climactic chase sequence was filmed in the Bay Area. The stuntmen included Carey Loftin, Paul Stader, Troy Melton, Jerry Summers, Ronnie Ron-dell, Bob Harris, Louis Elias, David Sharpe, Harvey Parry, and Bill Hickman.
When designing Goldfoot's lair, Daniel Haller re-used some of his designs from 1961's The Pit and the Pendulum. Stock footage of battleships from another AIP release, Godzilla vs. The Thing appears during the climax.
Susan Hart's hair was done by Jon Peters.
Accident
During filming in Los Angeles, the city was gripped by a heatwave. Sometimes temperatures on one of the sound stages reached over by mid-afternoon. On the afternoon of August 15, 1965, the company was returning from lunch when one of the electricians, Roy Hicks, passed out from the heat and fell to his death from a catwalk.
Theme song
The theme song was recorded by The Supremes as a single-sided unreleased promotional single.
Reception
The film had its premiere at the Golden Gate Theatre in San Francisco, where Nicholson had been a manager. The key cast members embarked on a 30-day tour of 18 cities in 13 countries to promote the film.
Box office
According to Norman Taurog's biographer, the film "was a moderate success in the United States, but did quite well in Europe, particularly in Italy."
Critical response
The Los Angeles Times said the film "has enough fresh, amusing gags to make it entertaining... Price is splendid."
Sequel
AIP Television produced a musical TV special episode promoting Doctor Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine that appeared for one night in temporary place of the ABC scheduled show Shindig! This show, called The Wild Weird World of Dr. Goldfoot, starred Vincent Price, Tommy Kirk and Susan Hart, and featured many songs that may have been cut from the cinema release. Louis M. Heyward and Stanley Ross wrote the 30-minute short comedy musical TV special which aired Nov 18, 1965 on the ABC network.
In July 1965 it was announced a sequel would be made the following year called Dr. Goldfoot for President, to begin filming May 14, 1966 for a September 14 release. Vincent Price returned for the 1966 sequel, Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs, directed by Mario Bava.
See also
List of American films of 1965
References
Notes
External links
Dr Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine at Brian's Drive in Theatre
1965 films
1960s science fiction comedy films
1960s spy comedy films
American robot films
American science fiction comedy films
1960s teen films
1960s parody films
American International Pictures films
1960s English-language films
Films directed by Norman Taurog
Films scored by Les Baxter
Films set in San Francisco
Mad scientist films
American teen comedy films
Bikinis
Beach party films
Parody films based on James Bond films
1965 comedy films
Films shot in San Francisco |
4031086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebae%20clownfish | Sebae clownfish | Amphiprion sebae, also known as the sebae clownfish, is an anemonefish found in the northern Indian Ocean, from Java to the Arabian Peninsula. Like all anemonefish it is usually found living in association with sea anemones. While the common name of Heteractis crispa, the sebae anemone, suggests an association, it is normally found with the Stichodactyla haddoni or saddle anemone. A. sebae, like all anemonefish, lives in a symbiotic relationship with the host anemone where the fish is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the anemone. In a group of clownfish, Only two clownfish, a male and a female, in a group reproduce through external fertilization. Clownfish are sequential hermaphrodites, changing from male to female, with a strict dominance hierarchy and only the largest fish being female.
Description
The body of A. sebae is blackish or dark brown with a yellow snout, breast and belly. It has two broad white bars., with the mid-body bar angled backwards. The tail is yellow or orange. They have 10–11 dorsal spines, 2 anal spines, 14–17 dorsal soft rays and 13–14 anal soft rays. They can grow to .
Color variations
There is a melantistic variation where the fish lacks the yellow snout, breast and belly. It is not known whether this variation is associated with a species of anemone.
Similar species
A. polymnus (Saddleback anemonefish) is similar, but can be distinguished by its characteristic black or dark wedge shape on the tail. There are reports of A. sabae being incorrectly labeled in the aquarium trade as A. clarkii, however the similarities are superficial in that, while a melanistic variation of A. clarkii has similar color, A. clarkii lacks the characteristic sloping mid-band.
Distribution and habitat
A. sebae is found in the northern Indian Ocean, from Java to the Arabian Peninsula, including India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Sumatra, and the Andaman Islands.
Host anemones
A. sebae is associated with the following species of anemone:
Stichodactyla haddoni
Life cycle
A study using estuarine water was done to look at captive breeding and larval rearing of the species Amphiprion sebae. The male starts courting the female a week before they spawn. The male initiates maintenance of the site chosen for habitation. The female enters the nest to lay her eggs. About 300 to 600 eggs are laid. The males usually guard the eggs, which hatch after six to eight days. The yolk sac of the larvae was small. Between the third and fourth day they fed and their body shape changed. On days fifteen to eighteen in their life cycle they enter metamorphosis.
Eggs
When A. sebae eggs are recently fertilized, they are transparent (yellow/clear) with oil droplets. Amphiprion sebae eggs mature, they become bright yellow to orange color, the size of the eggs can range from length: 1.7- 2.6 mm and width: 0.8-1.3 mm.
References
External links
Amphiprion
Fish described in 1853 |
4031109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willowbend%2C%20Houston | Willowbend, Houston | Willowbend is a neighborhood in near Southwest Houston, Texas.
Willowbend is just outside the 610 Loop and inside Beltway 8. The neighborhood is bound by the following streets: S. Post Oak Road to the West, Greenwillow Drive to the East, Briarbend Drive to the South, and Hazelton Street to North. The subdivision’s main thoroughfare is Willowbend Boulevard with it’s center point at Willowbend and Cliffwood. Surrounding neighborhoods, include: Willow Meadows to the North, Meyerland to the Northwest, Westbury to the West. Willowbend is surrounded by numerous points of interest, including: Willow Waterhole Park, Meyerland Plaza, The Texas Medical Center, and NRG Stadium.
History
Willowbend is a comfortable upper middle-class residential neighborhood in southwest Houston, Texas. It has become a highly desirable neighborhood due to its low crime rate, friendly residents, and proximity downtown Houston, the Texas Medical Center, and the Interstate 610 loop. The neighborhood has hosted a number of youth sports programs such as the Willow Creek Little League, FUN Football Raiders, or Red Raiders. Many athletes got their start in these youth leagues.
The eastern and southern sides of the neighborhood are bounded a large field which forms a buffer between the railroad tracks and Willowbend homes. This large field is a unique and attractive feature of the neighborhood as it features horses, cows, jack rabbits, turtles, crawfish, natural ponds, snakes, and other wildlife. Many children have enjoyed the opportunity to explore the land and learn about animals and nature while surrounded by Houston's vibrant metropolitan region.
Willow Water Hole is also located adjacent to the neighborhood to the south along South Post Oak Boulevard. Willow Water Hole hosts regular nature-oriented events as well as an award-winning annual music festival.
Willow Creek is a bayou that runs through the neighborhood. Willow Creek empties into the larger Braes Bayou. During Hurricane Harvey, some houses near the creek sustained substantial flooding, necessitating remediation and repairs. Some damaged homes were razed and replaced with new and larger residences.
In 1973, Willowbend was the site of attacks committed by Larry Delon Casey. Casey, upset about his father's death, gunned down three schoolgirls, a toddler, and an elderly woman and injured two others. Several of the victims were walking home from Red Elementary School when shot. Casey remains in prison for the murders, which occurred on Greenwillow, Willowilde, Benning, Creekbend streets and near the intersection of Cliffwood and Stillbrooke drives.
Government and infrastructure
Willowbend is in Texas’ 9th congressional district as of the 2021 87th legislative session redistricting
Willowbend is in Houston City Council District K.
Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Hospital District) designated Valbona Health Center (formerly People's Health Center) in Greater Sharpstown for ZIP code 77035. The nearest public hospital is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center.
Education
Primary and secondary schools
Public schools
Willowbend residents are zoned to the following Houston ISD schools: Red Elementary School, Meyerland Performing and Visual Arts Middle School (formerly Johnston Middle School), and Westbury High School. Meyerland Middle-zoned residents may attend Pin Oak Middle School.
Red Elementary School is located in Willowbend Section 4. Named after doctor Samuel Clark Red, it opened in 1957. It received a magnet program in mathematics, science, and technology, converted into a full STEM magnet in 2012. Circa 2019 it had about 600 students.
Private schools
The Robert M. Beren Academy, a K-12 Judaic school, is located in the area .
Trafton Academy (Pre-K through 8) is also in the area. Ms. Wagner's School became the lower grades of Trafton Academy.
Trafton Academy is located in Willowbend Section 2.
The Emery/Weiner School is east of the subdivision bordering the Westwood subdivision.
Colleges and universities
Houston Community College System serves the neighborhood.
Police service
The neighborhood is within the Houston Police Department's Southwest Patrol Division . Neighborhood residents also make yearly contributions for additional security patrols by off-duty police officers.
Parks and recreation
Willow Park, a park operated by the City of Houston, is located at 10400 Cliffwood, adjacent to Red Elementary School . The large park features a playground, picnic facilities, a softball/soccer field, tennis courts and a small parking lot. It is the central spot of the neighborhood. A new sand volleyball court was added to the park in 2008. Across the street, there is a lovely neighborhood pool with verdant green lawns, plenty of shade trees and a world-class swim team (Willow Wahoos).
Willow Park is in Willow Meadows Section 3.
Media
The Bellaire Texan, which served the Willowbend community in the mid-20th Century, was headquartered in Bellaire and published by the Texan Publishing Corporation. By 1975 it became known as the Bellaire & Southwestern Texan and was published by the Preston Publishing Company. It was then headquartered in Houston.
See also
References
External links
Willowbend
Neighborhoods in Houston |
4031111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa%20recta%20%28kidney%29 | Vasa recta (kidney) | The vasa recta of the kidney, (vasa recta renis) are the straight arterioles, and the straight venules of the kidney, – a series of blood vessels in the blood supply of the kidney that enter the medulla as the straight arterioles, and leave the medulla to ascend to the cortex as the straight venules. (Latin: vās, "vessel"; rēctus, "straight"). They lie parallel to the loop of Henle.
These vessels branch off the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons (those nephrons closest to the medulla). They enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle. Whereas the peritubular capillaries surround the cortical parts of the tubules, the vasa recta go into the medulla and are closer to the loop of Henle, and leave to ascend to the cortex.
Terminations of the vasa recta form the straight venules, branches from the plexuses at the apices of the medullary pyramids. They run outward in a straight course between the tubes of the medullary substance and join the interlobular veins to form venous arcades. These in turn unite and form veins which pass along the sides of the renal pyramids. The descending vasa recta have a non-fenestrated endothelium that contains a facilitated transport for urea; the ascending vasa recta have, on the other hand, a fenestrated endothelium.
Structure
Microanatomy
On a histological slide, the straight arterioles can be distinguished from the tubules of the loop of Henle by the presence of blood.
Function
Each straight arteriole has a hairpin turn in the medulla and carries blood at a very slow rate – two factors crucial in the maintenance of countercurrent exchange that prevent washout of the concentration gradients established in the renal medulla.
The maintenance of this concentration gradient is one of the components responsible for the kidney's ability to produce concentrated urine.
On the descending portion of the vasa recta, sodium chloride and urea are reabsorbed into the blood, while water is secreted. On the ascending portion, sodium chloride and urea are secreted into the interstitium, while water is reabsorbed.
Clinical significance
The slow blood flow in the straight arterioles makes them a likely location of thrombosis from thrombophilia, or tissue loss due to red blood cell sickling in sickle cell disease. Ischemia that results may lead to renal papillary necrosis.
Nomenclature
According to Terminologia Anatomica, the term "vasa recta renis" is an alternate name for "arteriolae rectae renis", and a separate term, venulae rectae renis, is used to identify the venous portion.
However, other sources consider "vasa recta" to refer to both the arterial and venous portions.
The term vasa recta is also used for the intestines – vasa recta (intestines) (in the ileum and jejunum)
References
External links
Kidney anatomy |
4031147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally%20Speaking | Universally Speaking | "Universally Speaking" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers from their eighth studio album, By the Way (2002). It was the fifth and final single from the album and was released solely in Europe and Australia in mid-2003. The track was also included on their live album Red Hot Chili Peppers Live in Hyde Park and their Greatest Hits album.
Song information
XFM online said "Universally Speaking" is a "fairly upbeat rock ode" and Rolling Stone said it was "Beatlesque psychedelia". The cover for the single is the same as the cover of the By the Way album, except the colors are reverted to normal.
Music video
The video for the song features Dave Sheridan, who plays a deranged concertgoer who attempts to return a book to vocalist Anthony Kiedis, who left the book in his taxi in the video to "By the Way". The book he is returning to Kiedis is "Lexicon Devil: The Fast Times and Short Life of Darby Crash and the Germs", which is the biography of Darby Crash, the late frontman for the late-1970s punk band the Germs and was written by Brendan Mullen. The music video was directed by longtime friend Dick Rude who also directed the video for "Catholic School Girls Rule" and the live DVD Off the Map.
Live performances
"Universally Speaking" was performed regularly on the By the Way tour. However, it was dropped from sets after 2004 before making a comeback on the I'm with You World Tour. It has since been performed regularly.
Cover version
In July 2021, singer-songwriter Ava Maybee, who is the daughter of drummer Chad Smith, posted a cover version of "Universally Speaking" to her Instagram page.
Track listings
CD version 1
"Universally Speaking" (John Frusciante single mix) – 4:18
"By the Way" (live acoustic) – 4:59
"Don't Forget Me" (live) – 5:07
CD version 2
"Universally Speaking" (John Frusciante single mix) – 4:20
"Slowly Deeply" (previously unreleased) – 2:40
"Universally Speaking" (enhanced video)
Charts
Release history
References
2002 songs
2003 singles
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Chad Smith
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by John Frusciante
Warner Records singles |
4031162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadwoodwidger%20Rural%20District | Broadwoodwidger Rural District | Broadwoodwidger was a rural district in the administrative county of Devon from 1894 to 1966, northeast of Launceston. The district consisted of part of the Launceston rural sanitary district in Devon. The remainder of the sanitary district became Launceston Rural District in Cornwall.
The rural district comprised six civil parishes:
Broadwoodwidger
Northcott
North Petherwin
St Giles on the Heath
Virginstow
Werrington
Part of the rural district lay west of the River Tamar, forming a salient surrounded by Cornwall on three sides. The county boundary was realigned when the district was abolished in 1966, with two parishes, North Petherwin and the majority of Werrington being transferred to Cornwall with the remaining four parishes remaining in Devon and passing to the Holsworthy Rural District.
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230555/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10061817&c_id=10001043
History of Devon
Districts of England created by the Local Government Act 1894
Rural districts of England |
4031180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagenidiosis | Lagenidiosis | Lagenidiosis is a type of infectious disease.
The best known species of Lagenidium is Lagenidium giganteum, a parasite of mosquito larvae used in biological control of mosquitoes. The disease lagenidiosis in dogs is caused by a new species of Lagenidium that has not yet been properly named. Lagenidiosis is found in the southeastern United States in lakes and ponds. It causes progressive skin and subcutaneous lesions in the legs, groin, trunk, and near the tail. The lesions are firm nodules or ulcerated regions with draining tracts. Regional lymph nodes are usually swollen. Spread of the disease to distant lymph nodes, large blood vessels, and the lungs may occur. An aneurysm of a great vessel can rupture and cause sudden death.
References
Dog diseases |
4031193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Bates%20IV | Benjamin Bates IV | Benjamin Edward Bates IV (; July 12, 1808 – January 14, 1878) was an American rail industrialist, textile tycoon and philanthropist. He was the wealthiest person in Maine from 1850 to 1878, and is considered to have introduced both the Efficiency and Taylorism movements to the economy of Maine.
Bates was born to a large family in Mansfield, Massachusetts; he moved to Bristol, Maine, for a working residency at B. T. Loring Company before creating the Davis, Bates & Turner–a craft goods and service firm in the early 1830s. After entering the milling business, he built the Bates Mill in 1852 which launched the larger Bates Manufacturing Company in Lewiston, Maine. His company quickly became the largest per capita employer in Maine and the largest in Lewiston, for three decades. Contracted by the Maine State Legislature, Bates founded the Lewiston Water Power Company: a large mill-based enterprise that built the first canal in the city.
At the start of the American Civil War, Bates correctly anticipated that the talk of secession in the Southern States would lead to a shortage of cotton. By buying up an unprecedented amount prior to the Battle of Fort Sumter, he cornered the market. The resulting shortage created an absolute monopoly and skyrocketing prices, which drove dozens of New England businesses to close due to the inability to compete. Growing economic inequality in the city culminated to 1861 Lewistown cotton riots which led Bates to loosen his expansionary business tactics and increase philanthropic spending.
Like other business magnates at the time, such as J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, and John D. Rockefeller, Bates supported capitalism and anti-competitiveness. The public's opinion of Bates was highly polarized throughout his life with some citing his economic impact as critical, while others criticized his business tactics as socially detrimental.
Early life and education
Benjamin Edward Bates IV, was born in Mansfield, Massachusetts, on July 12, 1808, to Hannah Copeland and Elkanah Bates as their third child (of seven). His father, Elkanah Bates, was a cotton manufacturer and prominent merchant. Both of his parents were religious and belonged to the Congregational Church of Mansfield. In 1838, there was a denominational split within the church to create a Unitarian theologian association that questioned the divinity of Christ, Elkanah Bates was picked to lead the movement. His paternal grandfather fought in the American Revolution as a Captain, and later became a brigadier general for the Massachusetts state militia. He is the great-great grandson of Benjamin Bates II, Commander of the Devonshire Forces, and member of the Hell Fire Club. When Bates was a younger boy, his brother recounts him being dragged by two horses across a "considerable distance" which left him badly cut and bruised, he pulled the horses down and eventually halted their movement, a considerable task considering Bates was only 14 years old at the time.
Bates attended various private schools and enrolled at the age of 15 to the Wrentham Academy, and studied there from 1823 to 1825, before moving to Boston, Massachusetts in 1829, at age 21. Bates entered the dry goods business with Barnabas T. Loring on Washington Street. At age 24, he made a public profession of Christian faith, and he was a lifelong Congregationalist and temperance supporter. Bates taught Sunday school at several churches in Boston including Park Street Church and was later an active member of Central Congregational Church in Boston.
Business pursuits
B. T. Loring & Co.
John G. Davis met Benjamin Bates in the early 1830s and the two later became business partners. They met while Bates was a clerk for Barnabas T. Loring on Washington Street after a mutual friend offered "a firm with respected work." At the time with Bates' net worth was at $700, which was considered lower-middle class at the time. The firm subsequently organized as the B. T. Loring Company. The firm's market expanded widely throughout Maine and went on to depart from retail and focus on whole sale, which was made possible by the connections Bates had made throughout his career in Bristol, Maine. One year later, they moved "downtown" from Washington Street to Central Street, and continued operations. Barnabas T. Loring died prompting the group to dissolve B. T. Loring & Co., and create Davis, Bates, & Turner.
Davis, Bates & Turner
With the conclusion of B. T. Loring & Co., Bates co-founded the firm of Davis, & Bates, which existed from 1833 until 1847. The firm enjoyed financial success as its previous deals garnered high standing among the mercantile community of Maine. With the firm on stable footing, John N. Turner developed an interest and discussed furthered involvement. As a mutual friend of Bates, and his background in law, he was tasked with bookkeeping and legal relations. The firm amassed tens of thousands of dollars within years and the firm continued to grow. Turner was officially brought in on February 13, 1833, and the firm was officially renamed Davis, Bates & Turner.
Efficiency movement
Bates was known for his part in integrating the early manifestations of Taylorism in industrial Maine. His management style required high levels of managerial control and power over aggregated output which subsequently strained work practices. His firms were known for long work hours, poor working conditions and high output. He tended to his businesses "compulsively and incessantly" and often disregarded pressures to start a family, however did leave them with a considerable fortune at his death.
Financial panic of 1837
In 1837, the firm experienced low levels of revenue and output due to the external effects of panics involving financial security and credit in New York City. Considered the "greatest financial panic the country has ever seen", the Panic of 1837 caused numerous firms all over New England to fail, and Davis, Bates & Turner, often had trouble assessing market value and withdrawing loans from the banks. The firm remained active and even put up positive net return on some years during the panic due to their good credit and lack of debt. Due to the overall speculative markets involving whole sale goods, Bates' firm remained cautious when selling and taking out loans for restructuring. News from New York was delivered to Maine stating further banking regulation and overall stabilization of market prices, which brought the state out of a recessive period into a sustained growth. The news was received by Bates personally when George Bond, declared that loans would be issued by the New York Banks once again.
During the recovery consultations between Maine and Massachusetts business leaders, a prominent banker, Homer Bartlett was quoted as famously saying, Who was the strongest man in that meeting [referring to the financial panics]?To which the crowd overwhelmingly replied,Bates! Bates was the strongest man there.This quote would go on to largely shape Bates' minor celebrity status and fed the growing reputation of producing the best results in times of uncertainty. The crowd included, Lyman Nichols, George L. Ward, Alexander De Witt, Francis Skinner, Homer Bartlett, and St. John Smith. In 1840, the firm moved to Water Street, and five years later moved to Milk Street, where Davis withdrew from the firm due to poor health.
Bates, Turner & Co. and Union Pacific
Siles Bascom replaced Davis and the firm was renamed Bates, Turner & Co. The firm enjoyed financial success and began to conclude its practice with the closing of markets in March 1847. After the dissolution of the firm, Bates served as president and on the board of several banking, manufacturing, and railroad corporations, including First National Bank of Commerce in Boston. Due to his activities during the financial panic of 1837, he was asked to be the founding successor president of the Union Pacific Railroad on August 1, 1849; he served in this capacity until May 3, 1850, when Alexander De Witt spoke to him about opportunities in Lewiston, Maine prompting his immediate resignation.
Life in Lewiston
Bates travel to Lewiston regularly while living in Boston and other Maine towns, to "interact with the people, give guidance to the businesses, and support its economy." After the closing of Bates, Turner & Co., and a quick stint as president of the Union Pacific Railroad, he moved to Lewiston, Maine upon the advisement of his close friend and confidant Alexander De Witt who went on describe Lewiston as a "city full of hope and innovation." He was escorted to the town secretly with De Witt, to meet with the city council and Mayor to discuss major developments in the town.
Bates Manufacturing Company
Bates quickly began developing companies, acquiring smaller ones under his Manufacturing Company, and subsequently brought in sixteen million dollars in revenue for the town, the largest circulation of currency in the history of Lewiston at the time. His businesses provided employment for thousands of people from Maine and Canada, which made him the single largest employer in the city, and the largest per capita of Maine. His businesses garnered millions of dollars for the city and with all assets accounted for in Maine and Massachusetts, he was considered the wealthiest man in Maine via his net worth.
His principle accomplishment during his early business career was the establishment of Bates Manufacturing Company. The company went on to be the largest manufacturing company in the state of Maine and provided two-thirds of all textile output for the state. It employed approximately five thousand people from Canadian and Irish descent. He served as the president of the company from its founding on January 3, 1850 until he appointed a successor to overtake the company as he left for Lewiston, Maine on February 20, 1862.
Lewiston Water Power Company
One of the primary goals of other business leaders in Maine and Bates was to improve the water quality of Lewiston. Bates went on to found the Lewiston Water Power Company, which built the first canal in the city. It employed hundreds of people and established the town as a "paragon of water quality." During this development Lewiston was the fastest growing city in Maine, in terms of growth rate.
Bates Mill
The Bates Mill was a textile factory company founded in 1850 and located at 35 Canal Street in Lewiston, Maine. Much of the capital generated from this mill was used in the foundation of Bates College. Since conception, Bates' practices with the mill dominated the mill industry and was one of the first great U.S. business trusts. He initially gained wealth and influence from manufacturing textiles and estate development with correspondence to the mills. His mills extended from the Androscoggin River to northern Lewiston. On August 16, 1850, Maine Governor John Hubbard signed the incorporation act and the mill was completed 1852. Bates positioned the mill in Lewiston due to the location of the Lewiston Falls which provided the mill with power. Under Bates' supervision, during the Civil War, the mill produced textiles to the Union Army. His mills generated employment for thousands of Canadians, and immigrants from Europe. The mill was Maine's largest employer for three decades.
1861 Lewistown cotton riots
Like numerous factories in Maine, Bates' mill was receiving cotton from the South, where it was grown and cultivated by slave labor. Correctly anticipating that the increasing talk of secession in the Southern States might eventually lead to a shortage of cotton, Bates bought an unprecedented amount of cotton prior to the Battle of Fort Sumter. During the War, Bates was able to produce uniforms for the Union Army as well as other textiles. His capitalization of this, saw to great levels of profit for his firms and companies, and caused dozens of mills to be closed due to overwhelming competition. After a rumor was spread around Lewiston that Bates held more money than the city, riots broke out in 1861, that decried the concentration wealth presented by Bates. Due to pressure from the public, he lessened his business tactics and created the philanthropic arm of the Bates Manufacturing Company tasked with giving out thousands to the people of Lewiston. During the riots his public image was tarnished and was advised by DeWitt to employ more people in his Mills. The Lewiston Sun Journal called him "the supplier of the cause," after he spoke at a town hall meeting detailing his employment of thousands of New Englanders and Canadians.
Later life and wealth
Economic panic of 1873
Bates pledged another $100,000 to be paid to the Maine State Seminary after his death, but due to the economic recession in the 1870s, known as the Panic of 1873, Bates' Lewiston assets were lessened. During this financial crisis many of his properties lessened in value and he was forced to refinance. Due to the dependence of Lewiston on Bates many citizens suffered financially in the personal losses of Bates. After the stabilization of his properties and business contracts he began a further expansion into Lewiston's economic environment, and regained considerable wealth. He built Bates Mill No.5 which became his fastest growing Mill within years and provided the city with substantial employment.
Wealth
By his death in 1878, Bates had amassed a total net worth of approximately $79.4 million (worth $1.84 billion in 2017). This includes assets held in Maine, New York, and Massachusetts that encompassed the non-operational value of B. T. Loring & Co., Bates, Turner & Co., his holding company the Bates Manufacturing Company, his stake in the Lewiston Water Company, Bates Mill, and miscellaneous banking endeavors in New York. He donated a total of $100,000 to the endowment, and approximately $250,000 to Bates College, indirectly and left a trust of $3.3 million to his family. In his will he pledged $50,000 to his wife Sarah Gilbert along with his 2.8 million dollar estate, $10,000 to his brother William, $10,000 to his brother Elkanah Bates II, $10,000 equally divided among the children of his sister, Charlotte, $10,000 to Edward Atkinson, and $10,000 to George Fabian. He left each of his children, Benjamin Edward V, Lilian, Sarah, and Author $250,000 in the form of a trust.
However, Bates had $200,000 in outstanding debt and a pledged $100,000 to Bates College after his death. His family was required expend the $100,000 pledged but due to conditions placed on the inheritances, restricted distribution, and familial debt, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts eventually ruled that Bates' heirs did not have to pay Bates College the pledged $100,000. After a period of recession the college began to financially recuperate to a larger endowment, independently. Over the next couple of years Bates College's endowment has grown slowly and steadily.
Philanthropy
Bates was the largest of the early donors to Maine State Seminary through the Lewiston Power Company. He was known by the people of Lewiston for having a "deep and profound love" for the town and the college, and its early founder mentioned his affection by noting: "I have frequently heard him say that he would not knowingly do anything against the interests of the people; and that he would sooner invest ten dollars in Lewiston than one dollar in any other place. 'I love Lewiston', 'I love the College', he was accustomed to say, 'Say to the Trustees that I love the College.'"In 1852, he personally pledged another $6,000 to the school. In 1853, Oren Burbank Cheney appointed him as a Trustee of the College and in 1854 subsequently became Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the college due to his considerable donations. He went onto donate $25,000 for the foundation of agriculture department and moved a subscription of $75,000 for campus expansion. On February 21, 1873, he donated $100,000 on the condition that the amount was met by third-party donors, within five years. Although he placed conditions on his donations, he realized his donations regardless of the conditions being met. The college remained a source of worry for Bates as much of the subscriptions to the college remained unfilled, donors were giving half of their donations and not fulfilling the other half, which left the endowment of the college in a speculative state. Bates served as the treasurer for the college in the early days and condemned the business strategy Cheney developed when interacting with potential donors advocating for a more aggressive procedure for funding.
His work with the college prompted fellow business magnate, Andrew Carnegie, to donate a considerable amount to the formation of the college and subsequently had the college's science building named after him. Bates played an integral role in the expansion of the college, moving from town to town and state to state spreading the institutions name. This brought in tens of thousands of dollars from the politically elite and wealthy who donated more on a favor to Bates than love of the college, as Bates had graduated little alumnus who went on to amass wealth.
By his death in 1878, Bates' donations to the college totalled over $100,000, and overall contributions valued at US$250,000 (worth US$6.2 million in March 2017 dollars).
On March 16, 1864, the founder of the Maine State Seminary, Oren Burbank Cheney, renamed his institution of higher learning, "Bates College," in honor of Bates. However, when hearing that the college was renamed after him, he expressed his disappointment. He thought that he was not worthy of a college of "[such] inception and history," later noting his guilt for raising money for the college because donors might have thought he was raising money for himself.
Death and legacy
Benjamin Bates died on January 14, 1878 at age 69, in Boston, Massachusetts. His body was entombed at the Mount Auburn Cemetery on Fir Avenue in Cambridge, Massachusetts two days later.
Bates Street, West Bates Street, and East Bates Street in Lewiston and Auburn, Maine, respectively, are named in his honor.
His death was attended by Lewiston, Boston, and New York City elite, and the Mayors of numerous cities gave speeches on his life. His funeral was held in the Lewiston City Hall, and clergymen gave speeches on his commitment to the college and God.
He was survived by his wife, Sarah Chapman Gilbert (his second wife and daughter of Joseph Gilbert, niece of Abijah Gilbert) who lived from 1832 to 1882 and his four children:
Josephine Bates Hammond (1839–1886)
Benjamin Edward Bates V (1863–1906)
Sarah Frances Bates Herschel (1867–1937)
Lillian Gilbert Bates (1872–1951)
Arthur Hobart Herschel (1870–1953)
Bates College's inaugural president, Oren Burbank Cheney said the following of Bates delivering his eulogy: Bates wanted labor for our laborers, education for our children, places of worship for our worshipers, light for our streets, water for our houses, and a hospital for our sick and our dying. I have heard the man [Bates] speak of his love for Lewiston, and his love for the college. While in Lewiston, our desires were his desires: our interests were his interests: and our affairs his affairs...Alfred J. Lebel, a Lewiston native, attended Bates College, and went on to run the Bates Manufacturing Company from 1985 to 1999.
References
Citations
Extended notes
Oren Cheney, "Eulogy on the Life of Benjamin Edward Bates," Bates Student, June 1878, 131–149, (Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library, Bates College) (part 2).
External links
Benjamin Bates Eulogy, pg. 131-149, Bates Student 1877–78 (part 2)
1808 births
1878 deaths
Philanthropists from Maine
Bates College people
University and college founders
People from Mansfield, Massachusetts
People from Lewiston, Maine
People of Maine in the American Civil War
American Civil War industrialists
American Congregationalists
American chief executives
American bankers
American financiers
Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
American temperance activists
People from Bristol, Maine
19th-century American philanthropists |
4031199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel%20Universe%20%28song%29 | Parallel Universe (song) | "Parallel Universe" is a radio promotional single by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 1999 album, Californication and was released in 2001 as the album's sixth and final single. Although it never was released as a tangible CD single, it charted on the US Modern Rock Tracks at number 37 during the week of March 24, 2001, and appeared on Greatest Hits.
Background
Although being one of the album's loudest songs in terms of distortion, it does not contain any of the Chili's signature funk-orientated bass lines which they had been primarily known for in the past. Anthony Kiedis' vocals are subdued during the verses, reflecting an approach towards melodic balladry, while similarly the song lyrically tackles darker, more introspective themes than those that the band generally had a reputation for.
The song is also notable for its lack of backing vocals, which are on almost all of the Chilis' songs on this album.
Despite only being a promotional single, "Parallel Universe" remains a live favorite in the band's setlists and has been performed over 230 times since its release, making it one of the band's most performed songs since its first performance in 1998. No music video was made for the single.
Personnel
Anthony Kiedis – vocals
John Frusciante – guitar
Flea – bass
Chad Smith – drums, shaker
Charts
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
1999 songs
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by John Frusciante
Songs written by Chad Smith
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
2000 singles |
4031234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20Trippin%27 | Road Trippin' | "Road Trippin" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers from their seventh studio album, Californication (1999). It was released as the album's fifth and final single in December 2000.
Background
The single was released only in Australia and Europe; in the former region, it was released on December 11, 2000, while in the United Kingdom, it was issued on January 1, 2001. A music video was also made but never released in the United States until the band released their Greatest Hits album in 2003. Two versions of the single were released in the UK, but only the first was available elsewhere. A third, compilation version was released in Australia. With the song being only released in Europe it is amongst the least-known singles the band has released. As a result, it did not garner much recognition or airplay outside the band's fanbase.
The song tells of a road trip along the Pacific Coast Highway in which lead singer Anthony Kiedis, guitarist John Frusciante and bassist Flea surfed at Big Sur following Frusciante's return to the band. Drummer Chad Smith did not take the trip with his bandmates due to other commitments and also because he wasn't into surfing. The song is entirely acoustic, and is one of few Peppers' album tracks (along with "Lovin and Touchin", "Thirty Dirty Birds", "Pea", "If" & "Tangelo") not to feature drums. As such, Chad Smith only appears briefly halfway through the video, arriving in a boat.
Live performances
"Road Trippin'" has only ever been performed live four times and not since 2004, although previous guitarist Josh Klinghoffer did do a tease of the song during the I'm with You tour in 2012.
Track listings
Single CD1
"Road Trippin'" (album version) – 3:26
"Californication" (live) – 6:03
"Blood Sugar Sex Magik" (live) – 4:21
"Road Trippin'" (enhanced video)
Single CD2
"Road Trippin'" (album version) – 3:26
"Under the Bridge" (live) – 4:28
"If You Have to Ask" (live) – 5:21
Single CD3
"Road Trippin'" (album version)
"Californication" (live) – 6:03
"Blood Sugar Sex Magik" (live) – 4:21
"Under the Bridge" (live) – 4:28
Australian single
"Road Trippin'" (album version) – 3:26
"Californication" (live) – 6:03
"Blood Sugar Sex Magik" (live) – 4:21
"Under the Bridge" (live) – 4:27
"If You Have to Ask" (live) – 5:20
Personnel
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Anthony Kiedis – lead vocals
John Frusciante – acoustic guitar, backing vocals
Flea – acoustic bass guitar
Additional personnel
Patrick Warren – Chamberlin organ
Charts
Release history
References
1999 songs
2000 singles
Music videos directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
Songs about roads
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by John Frusciante
Warner Records singles |
4031236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%20puzzle | T puzzle | The T puzzle is a tiling puzzle consisting of four polygonal shapes which can be put together to form a capital T. The four pieces are usually one isosceles right triangle, two right trapezoids and an irregular shaped pentagon. Despite its apparent simplicity, it is a surprisingly hard puzzle of which the crux is the positioning of the irregular shaped piece. The earliest T puzzles date from around 1900 and were distributed as promotional giveaways. From the 1920s wooden specimen were produced and made available commercially. Most T puzzles come with a leaflet with additional figures to be constructed. Which shapes can be formed depends on the relative proportions of the different pieces.
Origins and early history
The Latin Cross
The Latin cross puzzle consists of a reassembling a five-piece dissection of the cross with three isosceles right triangles, one right trapezoids and an irregular shaped six-sized piece (see figure). When the pieces of the cross puzzle have the right dimensions, they can also be put together as a rectangle. From Chinese origin, the oldest examples date from the first half of the nineteenth century. One of the earliest published descriptions of the puzzle appeared in 1826 in the 'Sequel to the Endless Amusement'. Many other references of the cross puzzle can be found in amusement, puzzle and magicians books throughout the 19th century. The T puzzle is based on the cross puzzle, but without head and has therefore only four pieces. Another difference is that in the dissection of the T, one of the triangles is usually elongated as a right trapezoid. These changes make the puzzle more difficult and clever than the cross puzzle.
Advertising premiums
The T-puzzle became very popular in the beginning of the 20th century as a giveaway item, with hundreds of different companies using it to promote their business or product. The pieces were made from paper or cardboard and served as trade cards, with advertisement printed on them. They usually came in an envelope with instructions and an invitation to write to or call at the company or local dealer for its solution. Examples include:
Lash's Bitters – the original tonic laxative (1898). This is the earliest known version of the T-puzzle. The angles are cut at 35 degrees which makes the puzzle easier and less confusing.
White Rose Ceylon tea, Seeman Brothers, New York (1903). This puzzle is often cited as being the oldest version of the T puzzle, but Lash's Bitters puzzle predates it.
Armour's dry sausage, Armour and Company, Chicago. The text on the envelope reads "The Teaser T, Please accept this interesting little puzzle with our compliments. You will find it a real test to fit the four pieces enclosed in this envelope together to form this perfect letter 'T.' If you fail to solve it, ask your dealer for the solution. And to solve the problem of adding delicious meat dishes to your menu Ask your dealer for Armour's Dry Sausage".
Larabee's best flour (1919).
Waterall's T Puzzle Paints & Varnishes distributed by O.J. Miller & Son, Allentown, Pennsylvania. The envelope mentions that the puzzle is "highly entertaining, interesting, perplexing, aggravating and easy".
Insurance company of Glens Falls T Puzzle, New York.
Early published references
Published references to the T-puzzle appeared in the beginning of the 20th century. In the October 1904 edition of "Primary Education", a monthly journal for primary teachers, the T-puzzle is described as a puzzle for tired children, and they further comment: "Putting the letter on the board will help the wee ones. They say it takes grown-ups ten minutes to fit the pieces. How long will it take the children?" Another early reference is the April 1905 edition of a magazine called "Our Young People". A particular nice presentation of the puzzle appeared in the October 1913 issue of John Martin's Book, here shown to the left.
In "Carpentry & mechanics for boys" by A. Hall (1918), figures of an example T and full-size patterns are given for the construction of a wooden version of the puzzle. The arms of the T are longer than usual. The same drawings appear in "Junior Red cross activities—teachers manual" published in the same year by the American Junior Red Cross. The puzzles presented in this book were proposed to be constructed by red cross juniors for use in the military: "to be used for distribution at canteen centers for the men passing through on the troop trains ... for use in camps, convalescent houses and hospitals" (p. 378). They note that the puzzle "has proven popular with British Tommies" (p. 394) and give detailed instructions on how to fabricate the pieces and an envelope container.
Commercial puzzle
Just the T
The T puzzle remained popular throughout the 20th century and versions of it were sold as a game puzzle as early as the 1920s'. An example dated around that time is a French version of the puzzle called "L'ÉTÉ" produced by N.K. Atlas of Paris. Another example is the wooden version of the puzzle produced by Drueke & Sons, under the name "Pa's T puzzle", dated around the 1940s and here depicted to the right. Later also versions were produced with plastic pieces, such as "Adams T puzzle" by S.S. Adams Co in the 1950s' and "The famous T puzzle" by Marx Toys in the 1960s-1970s. From the 1980s' dates the "Mr T's puzzle" featuring the actor Mr. T from the popular A-Team TV series; the back of the product packaging has the catchphrase "I pity the fool who can't solve Mr. T's puzzle".
Extensions
It was recognized early on that other shapes could be formed with the four pieces of the T puzzle, similar to the tangram. From the 1930 dates an advertising premium for Mohawk Rugs & Carpets which besides the regular T, features the challenge of making an arrowhead with the same pieces. In the same year a giveaway for Eberhard Faber's Van Dyke pencils featured 14 different shapes to form.
At present T puzzles come in standardized proportions which allow the construction of many additional shapes. The most important designs are (see also figure below):
Nob's T puzzle: Designed by Nob Yoshigahara, this version of the T puzzle sold over four million copies. The pieces can be laid out in the shape of a symmetrical convex pentagon with two right angles.
Asymmetric T: This T is asymmetric in that the left and right arm of the T have different lengths, with the shorter arm being about 83% of the longer one. Here all pieces have the same width and can be put in a perfect line segment. At present this puzzle is for instance sold by HIQU and comes with 100 figures to make and by Eureka Toys and Games in a puzzle called brain twister.
Gardner's T: This is the version featured in Martin Gardner's Scientific American column. The pieces also form a fatter T, as noted in a later column. This version was sold under the name "The missing T" as part of Aha! Brain teasers classics from Think Fun.
Solving the puzzle
With only four pieces, the T puzzle is deceitfully simple. Studies have shown that few people are able solve it under five minutes, with most people needing more than half an hour to solve it. A common response of subjects is to conclude that the puzzle is impossible to solve.
The main difficulty in solving the puzzle is overcoming the functional fixedness of putting the pentagon piece either horizontally or vertically; and related to this, the tendency of trying to fill up the notch of the pentagon. In one study participants were found to spend over 60% of their attempts on such misguided placements of the pentagon piece. And even when the pentagon piece happened to be placed properly, it was mostly not recognized as part of the solution, as a match with the T is not easily seen. The puzzle is easily solved when the insight is reached that the pentagon is part of both the horizontal and vertical stem of the T and that the notch in the pentagon constitutes an inside corner.
Notes
References
Tiling puzzles
Geometric dissection
Cognitive tests |
4031249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Joseph%27s%20High%20School%20%28St.%20Thomas%2C%20Ontario%29 | St. Joseph's High School (St. Thomas, Ontario) | St. Joseph's High School ("St. Joe's") is a Catholic secondary school situated in St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada and administered under the London District Catholic School Board. The school has had a recent expansion, and also shares the building with Fanshawe College.
History
In September 1925, a new addition was built onto Holy Angel's Elementary School consisting of two classrooms, a chemistry laboratory in the basement, a Board Room and a library. Sister Fideles Fortune was appointed as principal and St. Joseph's High School was born.
In September 1929, Sister Grace Gleeson became the new principal and in order to accommodate a growing enrolment was aided by Sister St. Catherine. Embracing the age of modern technology, a manual typewriter was purchased by the Board exclusively for school use but residing in the convent.
The girls of St. Joseph's wore a blue and white uniform that remained the standard of school fashion until 1970, when it was replaced by a plaid kilt with brown blazer. The school crest and blue and gold colours were established at this time and remain a tradition to this day.
Father Remi Durand introduced boys' basketball and softball in 1929, and the St. Joseph's Saints were born. This would begin a long history of athletic success at St. Joe's.
During the 1930s and '40s St. Joseph's stayed abreast with administrative and curriculum changes initiated by the Ontario Department of Education, such as adding grade 13 to the curriculum. This expansion of the school program allowed students to graduate directly to University from the Parish school system. For those students who were entering the world of business after high school, a Special Commercial program was also added to the curriculum at this time.
World War II called thousands of Canadians to service including many from St. Thomas. Hugh Cassidy, Walter McManus and Donald Udell, students of St. Joseph's, sacrificed their lives in the service of their country and are remembered by generations of students to this day.
Car pools and buses brought students to St. Joseph's from Port Stanley, Rodney, Shedden, Sparta, Wallacetown, Glanworth, West Lorne, Aylmer and Tillsonburg during the 1940s and '50s. In order to meet this growth in enrolment, two new classrooms were added particularly for grade eleven and twelve students. In 1953, a new gymnasium was added, providing an alternative to the use of outside facilities at the YMCA and St. Thomas Collegiate. The girls' basketball teams won consecutive WOSSA basketball championships and the boys' football team contended in the WOSSA final. Students performed in musicals and operettas. School functions were often followed by informal gatherings at the White Palace or Gettas Restaurant. In 1955, a new science lab, principal's office; library and two additional classrooms were added to the school building.
Significant to the growth of St. Joe's sporting tradition was the addition of Tommy White to the school staff in 1956. White was a renowned local and semi-professional baseball player and manager, intercollegiate basketball referee, and basketball player. He was known locally as owner of Tommy White's Sport Shop, a sporting goods outlet. Items purchased from the establishment retained White's distinctive cigars long after their purchase and use. Tommy White served as coach for basketball, football, volleyball, soccer and golf for over 24 years. Despite a fiery competitive spirit, White endeavoured to provide all interested young athletes with an opportunity to participate. White's memorial plaque adorns the entrance to the St. Joe's gymnasium, which has been named in his honour.
In September 1965, it became necessary to introduce tuition fees to help cover the rising cost of modern education. Fees continued to be charged until the completion of Catholic Education in 1986. Throughout the history of St. Joseph's, fundraising activities provided necessary support to the school. Spaghetti dinners, Bingo, rummage sales, days of apple picking, and other events provided necessary funding to the school. During the 1970s and 1980s, the Catholic community contributed financial assistance for renovations at the school. The Knights of Columbus, Catholic Women's League, St. Anne's Festival Board, St. Joseph's Board of Governors, and the Friends of St. Joseph's have made contributions to sustaining the viability of the school.
St. Joseph's continued to offer a co-curricular program in the era following the extension of full funding. While the school population in the classrooms grew beyond the capacity of the White St. school building, a dynasty emerged in girls' basketball. The St. Joe's senior girls were provincial champions in 1986, '87, '88, '91, '92, '93, and '95 and finalists in 1996 and '98. The senior boys' teams were provincial champions in 1994 and 1998 and finalists in 1995 and '96.
The impact of full funding was realized on May 4, 1990, when the Ministry of Education announced the allocation of $7,036,000 to build Phase I of the New St. Joseph's Catholic High School. On February 4, 1994, the new school was opened to welcome five hundred students. The new school building provided students with an expanded academic and co-instructional program including Instrumental and Vocal Music, Drama, Physical Education and Fitness, Environmental Science and Technological Studies. The school was designed with a particular focus on environmental science and that continues to be an emphasis at the school to the present. With access to a sports field, St. Joseph's instituted a football program in 1997. Starting with a junior program in the first year and adding a senior in the second, the St. Joe's Rams have quickly become competitive in the local football conference and the football program has provided a focus for school spirit at the beginning of the school year.
St. Joseph's continues to enjoy the support of the Elgin County community as reflected in the growing enrolment. In 2002, some 640 students were enrolled and nine portable classrooms have been added to the site over the past few years. Plans for a reorganization of the technology area have been proposed and have received support in principle from the London District Catholic School Board. However, in 2008, the student body population reached a nearly 900 students that daily try to fit themselves in the school built for 500 students.
The Rams football team won the TVRAA South-East football championship five years in a row following a loss in the league finals in 2003.
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
Sources
Catholic secondary schools in Ontario
Educational institutions established in 1925
High schools in St. Thomas, Ontario
1925 establishments in Ontario |
4031257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis%20Guilford%20School | Ellis Guilford School | The Ellis Guilford School & Sports College is a secondary academy school in Bar Lane, Basford, Nottingham.
History and performance
The school was established in 1926..
In 2001 it was inspected by Ofsted, with the finding that "Pupils’ attainment on entry is well below average overall ... Ellis Guilford School provides a sound education for its pupils within circumstances that are relatively challenging. Although standards in relation to schools nationally are below average, the majority of pupils make at least satisfactory progress". In 2006 and 2010 it was inspected again and judged Good. In 2013 inspection judged it Inadequate because of slow progress made by students and the lack of engaging teaching. In 2015 it was judged Good. In 2018 it was judged Inadequate: Special Measures Required on the grounds of poor teaching, poor outcomes, ineffective safeguarding, low attendance and poor strategic planning.
The school became an academy a month after this inspection, in November 2018. It is part of the Creative Education Trust. As of 2020 it has not been inspected since academisation.
The school was criticised in January 2018 after introducing a ban on pupils cycling to school unless they had passed safety training.
References
External links
Official Site
EduBase
Secondary schools in Nottingham
Academies in Nottingham |
4031265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Sunderland%20A.F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | List of Sunderland A.F.C. records and statistics | Sunderland Association Football Club, also known as the Mackems, are a professional football club based in Sunderland, North East England. They were announced to the world by the local newspaper, The Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette on 27 September 1880 as Sunderland & District Teachers Association Football Club following a meeting of the Teachers at Rectory Park school in Sunderland on 25 September 1880. The football club changed their name to the current form on 16 October 1880, just 20 days after the September announcement. They were elected into The Football League in the 1890–91 season, becoming the first team to join the league since its inauguration in the 1889–90 season, replacing Stoke F.C.
Transfers
All figures are based on the maximum potential fee and are correct as at 1 September 2013.
In
Out
Honours and achievements
Sunderland have won a total of six Football League Championships including three in the space of four seasons, along with being runners-up five times. Sunderland have also experienced success in the FA Cup, winning it twice; in 1937 and 1973. They have never won the League Cup but finished as finalists in 1985 and 2014.
League
First Division (level 1):
Winners (6): 1891–92, 1892–93, 1894–95, 1901–02, 1912–13, 1935–36
Runners-up (5): 1893–94, 1897–98, 1900–01, 1922–23, 1934–35
Football League Championship (level 2):
Winners (2): 2004–05, 2006–07
Second Division (level 2):
Winners (1): 1975–76
Runners-up (2): 1963–64, 1979–80
Promotion (1): 1989–90
First Division (level 2):
Winners (1): 1995–96, 1998–99
Third Division (level 3):
Winners (1): 1987–88
Cup
FA Cup:
Winners (2): 1937, 1973
Finalists (2): 1913, 1992
Football League Cup:
Finalists (2): 1985, 2014
FA Charity Shield:
Winners (1): 1936
Finalists (1): 1937
Sheriff of London Charity Shield:
Winners (1): 1903
Football League War Cup:
Finalists (1): 1942
Durham Challenge Cup:
Winners (4): 1884, 1887, 1888, 1890,
Northern Temperance Festival Cup:
Winners (1): 1884,
Durham and Northumberland Championship:
Winners (1): 1888
British Cup:
Runners Up (1): 1902
Dewar Sheriff of London Shield:
Winners (1): 1903
Newcastle and Sunderland Hospitals Cup:
Winners (3): 1912, 1913, 1914
Runners Up (1): 1911
Durham Senior Cup:
Winners (11): 1919, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939
Runners Up (3): 1925, 1926, 1928
Northern Victory League:
Runners Up (1): 1919
North East Counties Cup:
Winners (2): 1920, 1921
Northumberland and Durham Challenge Cup:
Runners Up (1): 1883
Player records
Appearances
Youngest first-team player: Derek Forster, 15 years 185 days (Leicester City, 22 August 1964).
Oldest first-team player: Jermain Defoe, 39 years 121 days (against Doncaster Rovers, 5 February 2022).
Most appearances
Competitive matches only. Each column contains appearances in the starting eleven, followed by appearances as substitute in brackets.
Goalscorers
Top goalscorers
Competitive matches only, appearances including substitutes appear in brackets.
Most Hat Tricks: Dave Halliday – 12 (11 league and 1 cup)
Managerial records
First full-time manager: Tom Watson managed the club for 191 matches, from August 1888 to August 1896.
Longest serving manager: Bob Kyle managed the club for 817 matches, from August 1905 to May 1928, a total of 23 years.
Club records
Goals
Most league goals scored in a season: 109 (in 42 matches in the 1955–56 season, First Division).
Fewest league goals scored in a season: 21 (in 38 matches in the 2002–03 season, Premier League).
Most league goals conceded in a season: 97 (in 42 matches in the 1957–58 season, First Division).
Fewest league goals conceded in a season: 26 (in 34 matches in the 1900–01 season, First Division).
Points
Most points in a season:
Two points for a win: 61 (in 42 games in the 1963–64 season, Second Division).
Three points for a win: 105 (in 46 games in the 1998–99 season, First Division).
Fewest points in a season:
Two points for a win: 23 (in 22 games in the 1890–91 season, The Football League) and (in 30 games in the 1896–97 season, First Division).
Three points for a win: 15 (in 38 games in the 2005–06 season, Premier League).
Matches
Firsts
First match: Sunderland 0–1 Ferryhill, 13 November 1880.
First competitive match: Sunderland 2–2 Burnopfield in the Durham Challenge Cup, 11 December 1880.
First league match: Sunderland 2–3 Burnley, 13 September 1890.
First FA Cup match: Redcar 3–1 Sunderland, 8 November 1884.
First League Cup match: Brentford 4–3 Sunderland, 26 October 1960.
First European match: Vasas Budapest 0–2 Sunderland, 19 September 1973, UEFA Cup Winner's Cup.
Record wins
Record Football League win:1-9 (v. Newcastle United (a) 5 Dec 1908)
Record FA Cup win:11-1 (v. Fairfield FC, 2 February 1895)
Record Football League Cup win:7-1 (v. Oldham Athletic, 24 September 1962)
Record Football League Trophy win:8-1 (v. Aston Villa U21, 8 September 2020)
Record friendly win:23-0 (v. Castletown FC, 20 December 1884)
Record defeats
Record league defeats:
8–0 (v. Sheffield Wednesday, 26 December 1911).
8–0 (v. West Ham United, 19 October 1968).
8-0 (v. Watford, 25 September 1982)
8-0 (v. Southampton, 18 October 2014)
Record FA Cup defeat:
5-1 (v. Manchester United, 9 March 1964)
Record Football League Cup defeat:
6-0 (v. Derby County, 31 October 1990)
Record Football League Trophy defeat:
3-0 (v. Scunthorpe United, 12 November 2019)
Attendances
Overall
Highest overall attendance: 75,118 v. Derby County, FA Cup 6th Round Replay, 8 March 1933 at Roker Park (Sunderland 0 – 1 Derby County)
Highest league attendance: 68,004 v. Newcastle United, 4 March 1950 at Roker Park (Sunderland 2 - 2 Newcastle United)
Lowest recorded attendance: 880 vs Millwall, Friendly, 28 July 1969 at Roker Park (Sunderland 0 – 1 Millwall)
Lowest recorded league attendance: 3,841 vs. Manchester City, 11 April 1934 at Roker Park (Sunderland 0 – 0 Manchester City)
Lowest approximate competitive attendance: c. 1,500 vs. Birtley Town, Durham Challenge Cup First Round, 20 November 1886 at Newcastle Road (Sunderland 2 – 0 Birtley)
Lowest recorded competitive attendance: 3,498 vs. Oldham Athletic, EFL Trophy Second Round, 1 December 2021 at Stadium of Light (Sunderland 0 – 1 Oldham Athletic)
Competitive Attendance Records by Ground
Attendances at Sunderland's grounds prior to Newcastle Road were rarely recorded. Attendances at Newcastle Road, and in the seasons prior to 1925 at Roker Park were usually approximations.
European statistics
Record by season
Below is Sunderland's record in European competitions. They have only appeared once in European competition, during the 1973–74 season where they reached the second round. They qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup after winning the 1973 FA Cup Final over Leeds United.
Key
PR = Preliminary round
1R = First round
2R = Second round
3R = Third round
QF = Quarter final
SF = Semi final
F = Final
Record by competition
Notes
A. : Payment of the transfer fee for Ricardo Alvarez was imposed on Sunderland in 2017 following the loss of a legal dispute with Inter Milan. The total cost of the Alvarez deal, including compensation and court fees is estimated to be close to £20m.
B. : Sunderland were promoted in the 1989–90 season despite being beaten in the 1990 play-off final, Swindon Town originally won the match 1–0 but Sunderland took their place in the First Division after Swindon admitted to making illegal payments.
C. : Sunderland score is given first in each result.
D. : Sunderland qualified for the 1973–74 European Cup Winners' Cup by winning the 1973 FA Cup.
Footnotes and references
Footnotes:
References:
External links
Sunderland AFC – Statistics, History and Records
Statistics
Sunderland |
4031280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letoon%20trilingual | Letoon trilingual | The Letoon trilingual, or Xanthos trilingual, is an inscription in three languages: standard Lycian or Lycian A, Greek, and Aramaic covering the faces of a four-sided stone stele called the Letoon Trilingual Stele, discovered in 1973 during the archeological exploration of the Letoon temple complex (devoted to the goddess Leto), near Xanthos, ancient Lycia, in present-day Turkey. It was created when Lycia was under the sway of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The inscription is a public record of a decree authorizing the establishment of a cult, with references to the deities, and provisions for officers in the new cult. The Lycian requires 41 lines; the Greek, 35 and the Aramaic, 27. They are not word-for-word translations, but each contains some information not present in the others. The Aramaic is somewhat condensed.
Although the use of the term "Letoon" with regard to the inscription and the stele is unequivocal, there is no standard name for either. Xanthos trilingual is sometimes used, which is to be distinguished from the Xanthos bilingual, meaning the Xanthos stele. However, sometimes Xanthos stele is used of the Letoon trilingual stele as well as for the tomb at Xanthos. Moreover, the term Xanthos trilingual (Lycian A, Lycian B, Greek) is sometimes used of the tomb at Xanthos. In the latter two cases only the context can provide clues as to which stele is meant. The Aramaic inscription is known as KAI 319.
Find site
The Lētōon was a temple complex about south of Xanthus, capital of ancient Lycia. The complex dates to as early as the 7th century BC and must have been a center for the Lycian League. In it were three temples to Lētō, Artemis and Apollō. The stele was found near the temple of Apollo. It has been removed to the museum at Fethiye. The entire site is currently under several inches of water.
Date of the inscription
The first five lines of the Aramaic version mention that the inscription was made in the first year of the reign of the Persian king, Artaxerxes, but does not say which Artaxerxes:
In the month Siwan, year 1 of King Artaxerxes. In the fortress of Arñna (Xanthos). Pixodarus, son of Katomno (Hecatomnus), the satrap who is in Karka (Caria) and Termmila (Lycia)....
If the king in question was Artaxerxes III Ochus, the date of the inscription would be the first year of his reign, hence 358 BC. But Hecatomnus is thought to have ruled from ca. 395 to 377 BC and Pixodarus, son of Hecatomnus, was satrap of Caria and Lycia no earlier than 341/340. Therefore, the Persian king most likely was Artaxerxes IV Arses, son of Artaxerxes III, who took his father's name on coming to power. In that case the trilingual is dated to the first year of Artaxerxes IV, that is 337/336 BC.
Summary of the text
Lines 1-5 of the Lycian text date the inscription to the government of Pixodaros.
Lines 5-8: the Xanthians introduce a cult for two gods, "the Kaunian Ruler and King Arkesimas".
Lines 9-11: a certain Simias is made priest, his priestship will be hereditary.
Lines 12-20: definition of the territory owned by the temple, and of the salary to be awarded to the priest.
Lines 20-24: on behalf of the temple a new tax is instituted, to be levied when a slave is liberated.
Lines 24-30: the revenues thereof shall be spent on sacrifices at regular times.
Lines 30-36: the citizens of Xanthos and the territory of Xanthos vow to execute faithfully those regulations.
Sample of the Lycian text
Below is a transliteration of a sample of lines with an English translation:
See also
Lycian language
Lycian script
Lycia
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
4th-century BC works
1973 archaeological discoveries
Archaeological artifacts
Lycian inscriptions
Greek inscriptions
Aramaic inscriptions
Multilingual texts
Archaeological discoveries in Turkey
Archaeology of the Achaemenid Empire
1973 in Turkey
Achaemenid Anatolia
KAI inscriptions |
4031294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiefth | Thiefth | Thiefth is an album by American musician David Grubbs and poet Susan Howe.
Track listing
"Thorow"
"Melville's Marginalia"
2005 EPs |
4031303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final%20Mission | Final Mission | "Final Mission" is the 83rd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the ninth episode of the fourth season.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, after learning that he finally has been accepted into Starfleet Academy, Wesley Crusher welcomes Picard's invitation to accompany him on an away mission that could resolve a mining dispute on an arid world. But following a shuttle crash and a near disastrous search for water that leaves the captain near death, Wesley finds himself charged with the weighty responsibility of keeping both himself and Picard alive until a rescue team can locate them.
Plot
The Enterprise has traveled to the Pentarus system where Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) must mediate a dispute among some miners on the fifth planet. Wesley Crusher (Wil Wheaton) receives word that he has been accepted to Starfleet Academy and, for his final mission, he will accompany Picard on his shuttle trip to Pentarus V. A distress call comes in from Gamilon V, where an unidentified vessel has entered orbit and is giving off lethal doses of radiation. Picard orders Riker to take the Enterprise to resolve that situation while he and Wesley travel in a shuttle sent by the miners, commanded by Captain Dirgo.
En route, Dirgo's shuttle malfunctions and they are forced to crash-land on the surface of a harsh, desert-like moon. Though they are unharmed, the shuttle is beyond repair, and its communication systems and food replicators are disabled. Dirgo admits he has no emergency supplies on board, so they are forced to search for shelter and water. With his tricorder, Wesley identifies some caves and a potential source of water some distance away, and the three set out across the desert. Reaching a cave, they find a fountain-like water source, but it is protected by a crystalline force field. Dirgo attempts to use a phaser to destroy the field, but this activates a burst of energy from the fountain which encases the phaser in an impenetrable shell and causes a rock slide; Picard pushes Wesley out of the way but is severely injured in doing so.
Meanwhile, the Enterprise has arrived at Gamilon V, finding the unidentified ship is an abandoned garbage scow filled with radioactive waste. Their initial attempt to attach thrusters to the barge to propel it through an asteroid belt into the Gamilon sun remotely fails, and Commander Riker (Jonathan Frakes) is forced to attempt to tow the barge themselves using the tractor beam, exposing the crew to the lethal radiation.
As Wesley continues to analyze the forcefield, Dirgo becomes impatient and attempts to breach the field again, but this time the energy burst encases him as well, killing him. Picard, weak from his injuries, gives Wesley advice about the academy, and tells him he is proud of him. Wesley refuses to give up. Meanwhile, on the Enterprise, despite the rising radiation levels on board, which are nearing lethal, Riker manages to get the barge headed into the sun and speeds off to help in the search for the shuttle.
Wesley continues to study the fountain, and devises a plan to disable the force field. He fires his phaser at the fountain to attract the energy defense mechanism, but reprograms it using his tricorder to disable the field instead, and is finally able to access the water.
Shortly thereafter, the Enterprise locates the wreckage of the mining shuttle, and Picard and Wesley are rescued. As Picard is carried from the cave, he tells Wesley that he will be missed.
Reception
In a ranking of every Star Trek: The Next Generation episode, "Final Mission" was ranked 144th by Medium in 2016.
Releases
"Final Mission" was released in the United States on September 3, 2002, as part of the Star Trek: The Next Generation season four DVD box set.
On April 23, 1996 episodes "The Loss" and "Final Mission" were released on LaserDisc in the United States by Paramount Home Video. Both episodes were included on a single double sided 12 inch optical disc, with a Dolby Surround sound track.
References
Star Trek The Next Generation DVD set, volume 4, disc 3, selection 1.
External links
"Final Mission" rewatch by Ketih R. A.DeCandido
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 4) episodes
1990 American television episodes |
4031328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon%20Under%20Glass | Demon Under Glass | Demon Under Glass is a 2002 film directed by Jon Cunningham. The film tells the story of a centuries old vampire, Simon Molinar (Jason Carter) who gets captured by a government group calling themselves The Delphi Project. The team of scientists and government officials proceed to study the vampire in captivity. It's only one member of the team, a Dr. Joe McKay, who starts to treat the vampire captive like an actual person rather than as an experiment. Dr. Mckay is forced to see the humanity of their monster captive and the ruthless cruelty of his own team and raises the question of what defines a monster?
Plot
Someone has been killing women in LA and leaving the bodies drained of blood. The police planned a sting using a female officer, Detective Gwen Taylor (Denise Alessandria Hurd) however the killer was instead intercepted and captured by a group calling itself The Delphi Project. The Delphi Project is a secret government group intent on capturing and studying a live vampire and as it turns out the killer that they are after is actually a thousand year old vampire going by the name Simon Molinar (Jason Carter).
During the attempted capture Dr. Hirsch (James Kiberd) is killed by the vampire. A replacement doctor, Dr. Joe McKay (Garett Maggart) takes his place in the group. Out of the entire group Dr. Joe McKay is the first to treat the vampire like a person and not just as something to be studied. The group sets about a series of tests and experiments to study the vampire. As the experiments become crueler Dr. Joe McKay is left to wonder who is the true monster? The vampire or the very people he works for?
Unbeknownst to Dr. Mckay is that one of his superiors, Dr. Bassett (Jack Donner) has found out that Dr. McKay is one of the rare few who has the genetic predisposition to being able to be turned into a vampire. Dr. Bassett (without the rest of the team's knowledge) even provides Simon Molinar with a live victim. Dr. Bassett, himself, discarded the body. When the body is found this gains the attention of the local police. The group decides to destroy Simon Molinar once their experiments are finished but Dr. Bassett thinks it might be best to create a new vampire, one that has never killed before, to replace the vampire they intend to destroy.
Bassett locked Dr. McKay in a room with the vampire but Simon escaped instead of turning Dr. McKay into a vampire. During his escape Simon ripped the caduceus necklace from Dr. McKay's neck. It's a necklace that Dr. McKay never takes off and wore as a sign of healing and his Hippocratic oath. Simon Molinar stole this as a memento because of his growing fondness for Dr. McKay despite having been his prisoner.
Novel differences
The novel for Demon Under Glass, written by Deborah L. Warner (as D. L. Warner), was published the same year as the film's release. About two thirds of the novel is the same story as the film however the novel continues after Molinar's escape.
After Simon Molinar escaped Dr. McKay is reassigned. Two years pass. Dr. McKay lives a normal life and even has a fiance. One evening Simon Molinar comes to retrieve Dr. McKay, bypassing his new high tech security system and risking his own life.
Simon reveals to Dr. McKay that The Delphi Project is not dead. They were monitoring Dr. McKay for two years before deciding to proceed in an experiment using a serum created from Simon's blood samples. Their plan was to transform Dr. McKay into a vampire.
Dr. McKay's whole life for two years had been a lie. Even his fiance had been a government agent involved in the project without him knowing it. Simon Molinar and Dr. McKay go on the run together in a desperate bid to stop the evil plan to create laboratory-made vampires.
References
External links
2002 films |
4031345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein%20Khaliqi | Hussein Khaliqi | Hussein Khaliqi or Huseyn Xelîqî or Hossein Khalighi or Ḥusayn Khalīqī, is a contemporary Kurdish writer. He was born in Iranian Kurdistan. He studied philosophy, history and sociology in University of Tabriz. He is currently the head of the Kurdish Institute of Stockholm.
Works
Books
Bingehên giştî yên komelnasî or Binaxe giştîyekanî komełnasî (The foundations of Sociology), 447 pp., Apec Publishers, Spånga, Sweden, 1991.
Dastanî mafî mirov or Dāstān-i māf-i mirǒf (The story of human rights), 208 pp., Stockholm, 1995.
Mêjûy sedekenî nêwerast (The history of the Middle Ages), translation of a work from Russian by G.M. Dinskuy-u and A.U. Agibalu, 357 pp., Arzan Publishers, Jönköping, Sweden, 1995.
Binaxekanî rêbazî şorişgerî : bizûtnewey rizgarîxwazî nîştimanî Felestîn (The foundations of revolutionary method: the national liberation movement of Palestine), 195 pp., Arzan Publishers, Jönköping, Sweden, 1996.
Jan û Jiyan (Pain and Life), 321 pp., Rabûn Publishers, Uppsala, Sweden, 1998.
Kurdish-language writers
Living people
Kurdish social scientists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4031346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%20Canadian%20Mechanized%20Brigade%20Group | 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group | 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG; French: ) is a Canadian Forces brigade group that is part of the 3rd Canadian Division of the Canadian Army. Originally headquartered at CFB Calgary, it is currently based in CFB Edmonton in Alberta with two major units at CFB Shilo in Manitoba, and consists of eight Regular Force units.
History
The brigade was established on 14 October 1953 in Europe.
1st Canadian Infantry Brigade created 14 October 1953
Redesignated 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade Group in October 1955
Redesignated 1 Combat Group in 1972
Redesignated 1 Canadian Brigade Group in 1976
Redesignated 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group in 1992
In 1989 at the height of the Cold War the 1st Canadian Mechanized Infantry Division consisted of three brigades, one of them being the 1st Canadian Brigade Group. It had the following structure:
Headquarters at Calgary
Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) – armoured reconnaissance
1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry – mechanized
3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry – mechanized
3rd Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery – self-propelled artillery
1st Combat Engineer Regiment, Royal Canadian Engineers – light engineers
408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron – light helicopter support
1 CMBG sent a contingent of approximately 200 personnel for Task Force Kandahar Headquarters for a nine-month rotation starting February 2009 and sent approximately 2500 personnel for the task force in September 2009 for a six-month tour.
Composition
The eight units that comprise 1 CMBG are:
1 CMBG is colocated with, and frequently operates alongside, three regular force units which are not part of the formation:
See also
Military history of Canada
History of the Canadian Army
Canadian Forces
List of armouries in Canada
References
External links
Canadian Mechanized Brigade Groups |
4031362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Baird | Susan Baird | Susan Baird (26 May 1940 – 24 January 2009) was the Labour Party Councillor for the Braidfauld ward of the City of Glasgow, Scotland. She served as the second female Lord Provost of the city from 1988 to 1992.
She was appointed CBE in the 1991 New Year Honours.
Baird was the recipient of the 1991 St Mungo Prize, awarded to the individual who has done most in the previous three years to improve and promote the city of Glasgow.
External links
Councillor Baird's Glasgow City Council page
References
1940 births
2009 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Lord Provosts of Glasgow
Scottish Labour councillors
Women provosts in Scotland
20th-century British politicians
20th-century British women politicians
Women councillors in Glasgow |
4031373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrows%20Dam | Narrows Dam | Narrows Dam is a dam located 6 miles north of Murfreesboro, Arkansas, that impounds the water of the Little Missouri River (Arkansas) to create Lake Greeson. Narrows Dam was authorized as a flood control and hydroelectric power project by the Flood Control Act of 1941. The dam is a feature of the comprehensive plan for the Ouachita River Basin. Lake Greeson is operated for hydroelectric power, recreation, and flood control.
The powerhouse of the dam is located adjacent to the east abutment, and it has a total length of 151 feet. The equipment of the powerhouse is three 8,500 kW·h generating machines. The powerhouse originally had two generators, but a third was placed in 1969. The average annual output is 28,000,000 kW·h.
The dam is named due to its location on the river, The Narrows. During the dam's construction many cemeteries and graveyards had to be removed due to the creation of the new lake. Narrows Dam is located by the Swaha, or Narrows Dam recreational area.
Lake Greeson is divided into three layers so Narrows Dam can work and operate properly. The bottom portion of the lake always remains full so the powerhouse has enough pressure to operate. The middle layer or "Power Storage" portion is used to regulate the flow of water running into the generators of the dam. The top portion or "Flood Storage" is usually empty unless holding floodwater.
A spillway at the top of the dam is used to regulate the top portion of the dam, the spillway contains walls to maneuver the flow of the water, and a stilling basin is placed at the foot of the spillway to dissipate erosion from the spillway water hitting the base of the dam. The spillway is not used frequently because flooding can be regulated by other means, such as the flood control conduits. Because of heavy rains during the first two weeks of May 2009, water poured over the spillway for the first time since 1968.
Construction on the dam by the United States Army Corps of Engineers began on April 1947. The first bucket of concrete was poured in June 1948. The dam was finished in 1950, and dedicated in July 1951.
See also
List of Arkansas dams and reservoirs
References
Energy infrastructure completed in 1950
Buildings and structures in Pike County, Arkansas
Dams in Arkansas
Hydroelectric power plants in Arkansas
United States Army Corps of Engineers dams |
4031374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From%20the%20Carpet | From the Carpet | From the Carpet is an acoustic EP by The Academy Is..., released as a digital-only release on February 21, 2006. It included three songs from Almost Here: "The Phrase That Pays", "Down and Out" and "Black Mamba"; new songs "Pour Yourself a Drink" and "The Fever"; as well as a cover of John Lennon's "Working Class Hero". For the recording, the band returned to The Gallery of Carpet studio to work with engineer Brian Zieske, who produced and recorded their self-titled EP, before the band appended the "Is..." to their name.
Track listing
References
External links
From the Carpet at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)
The Academy Is... albums
2006 EPs
Fueled by Ramen EPs |
4031386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catbird%20seat | Catbird seat | "The catbird seat" is an idiomatic phrase used to describe an enviable position, often in terms of having the upper hand or greater advantage in any type of dealing among parties. It derives from the secluded perch on which the gray catbird makes mocking calls.
Source
According to Douglas Harper's Online Etymological Dictionary, the phrase refers to the gray catbird and was used in the 19th century in the American South.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first documented use occurred in a 1942 humorous short story by James Thurber titled "The Catbird Seat", which features a character, Mrs. Barrows, who likes to use the phrase. Another character, Joey Hart, explains that Mrs. Barrows must have picked up the expression from the baseball broadcaster Red Barber, and that "sitting in the catbird seat" meant "'sitting pretty', like a batter with three balls and no strikes on him."
The phrase "in the catbird seat" was among the numerous folksy expressions used by radio sports broadcaster Red Barber. According to Barber's daughter, after her father read Thurber's story, he began using the phrase "in the catbird seat". This seems to reverse events, however, as the passage of story quoted above clearly references Barber.
According to "Colonel" Bob Edwards's book Fridays with Red, Barber claimed that Thurber got this and many other expressions from him, and that Barber had first heard the term used by Frank Koch during a poker game in Cincinnati, during the Great Depression. Barber also put forth this version of events in his 1968 autobiography, Rhubarb in the Catbird Seat.
On sailing ships, the catbird seat is the crow's nest, a lookout.
Use in popular entertainment
1948: Season 1, Episode 5 of the Actors Studio was titled "The Catbird Seat"
1958: P. G. Wodehouse's 1958 novel Cocktail Time used the phrase: "I get you. If we swing it, we'll be sitting pretty, ‘in the catbird seat’."
1978: The original television series Dallas featured J.R. Ewing using this phrase quite often.
1987: Raising Arizona included John Goodman saying "you and I'll be sittin' in the fabled catbird seat."
1988: William L. Marbury Jr. called his memoirs In the Catbird Seat
2006: Series 3, Episode 11 of the HBO western drama, Deadwood was titled "The Catbird Seat."
2009: Steve Forbert digitally released an album, Loose Change, that included a song he wrote called "The Catbird Seat"
2010: Darlingside released EP 1, which features a song called "The Catbird Seat."
2014: In the TV series Manhattan, the phrase was used in multiple episodes as an American idiom
2018–present: Shannon Sharpe uses this phrase on Skip and Shannon: Undisputed while debating with Skip Bayless, Sharpe uses the phrase often to explain who has the upper hand in the sport example "Patrick Mahomeboy is in the catbird seat for MVP".
2021: In the HBO TV series Succession Season 3 Episode 7, the phrase is used to describe Logan Roy's strategic position.
References
American English idioms |
4031400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosed | Dosed | "Dosed" is a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 2002 album, By the Way. It was released as the album's fourth single in the United States and Canada only, whilst "Universally Speaking" was released in the UK. It peaked at number 13 on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks chart in 2003. No music video was made for the single.
Background
The song features four guitars, played by John Frusciante and Flea, all playing completely different riffs. The chorus is sung by John Frusciante and Anthony Kiedis together in harmony. A ballad that clocks in at 5:11, it is the third-longest track on the album. It runs through stages, each time repeating the original verse until the song's completion. In between the verses, guitar solos can be heard from the four guitars that play.
Live performances
While the song was a single and popular song, "Dosed" was never performed live with John Frusciante. "Dosed" was teased by Frusciante in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 2006, and by Josh Klinghoffer in Athens, Greece and Istanbul, Turkey in 2012, and in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in 2013. On May 28, 2017 in Edmonton, "Dosed" was performed for the first time in its entirety during the band's The Getaway World Tour with opening act IRONTOM's Zach Irons, son of founding Chili Peppers' drummer Jack Irons, providing a second guitar to the song to honor a 17-year-old terminally ill fan, Maggie Schmidt.
Personnel
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Anthony Kiedis - lead vocals
John Frusciante - guitar, vocals, electric piano
Flea - bass, additional guitar
Chad Smith - drums
Charts
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
2003 singles
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
2000s ballads
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by John Frusciante
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Chad Smith
2002 songs |
4031408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20United%20States%20federal%20budget | 2006 United States federal budget | The 2006 United States Federal Budget began as a proposal by President George W. Bush to fund government operations for October 1, 2005 – September 30, 2006.
The requested budget was submitted to the 109th Congress on February 7, 2005.
The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Final funding for the government was enacted as several appropriations bills enacted between August 2 and December 30, 2005. As of 2018, this is the last fiscal year to be funded without the use of an omnibus spending bill or full-year continuing resolution.
Congressional action
Enacted Appropriations
Source
Total Receipts
Receipts by source: (in billions of dollars)
Total Spending
The President's budget for 2006 totals $2.7 trillion. This budget request is broken down by the following expenditures:
$544.8 billion (20.90%) - Social Security
$512.1 billion (18.00%) - Defense
$359.5 billion (13.79%) - Unemployment and welfare
$345.7 billion (13.26%) - Medicare
$268.4 billion (10.30%) - Medicaid and other health related
$211.1 billion (8.10%) - Interest on debt
$88.7 billion (3.40%) - Education and training
$70.7 billion (2.71%) - Transportation
$68.4 billion (2.62%) - Veterans' benefits
$43.1 billion (1.65%) - Administration of justice
$38.4 billion (1.47%) - Foreign affairs
$31.2 billion (1.20%) - Natural resources and environment
$26.0 billion (1.00%) - Agriculture
$24.0 billion (0.92%) - Science and technology
$19.1 billion (0.73%) - Community and regional development
$17.8 billion (0.68%) - General government
$23.4 billion - Energy
Adjustments
-$698 billion (2.68%) - Undistributed offsetting receipts
2006 Deficit Estimate
(The amount that government spending exceeds total receipts)
$500 billion
See also
United States budget process
References
External links
Status of Appropriations Legislation for Fiscal Year 2006
2006
2006 in American politics
United States federal budget |
4031415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald%20Express | Emerald Express | The Emerald Express (EmX) is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in the Eugene-Springfield metropolitan area in Oregon, United States. It is provided by the Lane Transit District (LTD) which is the public transit authority in Lane County, Oregon.
LTD chose bus rapid transit after a review process in which several transportation options, including light rail, were considered. It was decided that the BRT option was the best fit for Eugene-Springfield's size and current transportation needs.
The first route, named the Green Line, was opened in early 2007, connecting downtown Springfield to downtown Eugene. There are ten stops along the route, including the University of Oregon.
Less than a year later, ridership had doubled in the corridor, and the city of Eugene was nominated for the 2008 Sustainable Transportation Award, and received an honorable mention. An extension was opened on January 9, 2011, connecting EmX to the Gateway Mall as well as Sacred Heart Medical Center at RiverBend and International Way. A second extension to West Eugene opened on September 17, 2017, adding to the system.
The Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), under its BRT Standard, has given the EmX corridor a Bronze ranking.
Description
The EmX system is made up of sections of dedicated bus lanes for most of the route (60%), with normal roads in between. The vehicles are given signal priority via ground-loop signaling to the traffic control system, with special traffic signals at intersections. The vehicles have two sets of doors on the left and three on the right, allowing loading from platforms on either side. Most of the right hand side platforms can only accommodate the rear two doors. Riding the Emerald Express was free when it began operations, but now costs regular fare. The articulated buses are equipped with Hybrid drives which allows for a smooth acceleration from stops and through the various road segments.
On weekdays, service runs approximately from 6:00am to 11:00pm. Buses arrive every 10 minutes throughout the day, with longer headways during the evening and the first hour of the morning. More limited service operates during the weekend.
Fares
EmX fares are the same as other LTD bus routes; both single-ride ($1.75) and passes ($3.50 daily, $50 monthly) are accepted.
Unlike other LTD bus routes, the EmX uses a proof-of-payment system, and fares must be paid prior to boarding at ticket vending machines located on station platforms.
Lines
Green Line
The first EmX line, the Franklin Corridor (Green Line), opened on January 14, 2007. It runs between Eugene Station in downtown Eugene and Springfield Station in downtown Springfield, and serves the University of Oregon. It is long and cost $25 million to design and build.
Compared with the non-BRT service that the Green Line replaced (Route 11), rush hour travel times decreased over 25% from 22 minutes to 16 minutes and ridership doubled in the first year. In fiscal 2008–09, Green Line ridership was 1.6M.
Local artist Linn Cook was selected by a committee of artists and community members to create cast and formed metal railings depicting indigenous plants. Each station features a different plant.
Gateway Line
The Gateway Line extension opened on January 9, 2011, linking downtown Springfield and Sacred Heart Medical Center at RiverBend. It uses the newly constructed Pioneer Parkway corridor and newly-constructed dedicated bus lanes on Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway and RiverBend Drive.
West Eugene Extension
The West Eugene Extension added 17 stations west of Eugene Station. It opened on September 17, 2017.
LTD conducted environmental analyses and collected public comments as part of the extension's planning process. A number of route alignments were considered, focusing on West 6th, 7th, or 13th Avenues to connect with West 11th Avenue somewhere near Chambers or Garfield Streets. One alternative placed service on West 7th Place instead of West 11th Avenue between Garfield and Seneca Rd. All alternatives continued down West 11th Avenue to a planned terminus and turnaround in the Walmart parking lot west of Commerce Street. In spring 2011, the west 6th and 7th to 11th was selected as the locally preferred alternative.
Some local businesses and residents opposed the extension, saying that it would be expensive, unnecessary, and could cause a decrease in property values. In June 2013, opponents of the extension filed suit in federal court in Seattle, challenging the extension's approval and funding by the Federal Transit Administration. The suit alleged nine violations of the National Environmental Policy Act and alleged violations of the Administrative Procedure Act. The suit further claimed that LTD had not met requirements for federal funding. The court ruled against the extension's opponents in July 2014, and construction began in March 2015. The Federal Transit Administration awarded $75 million to the project in September 2015, covering most of its $96.5 million total cost.
Future
LTD eventually plans to run EmX along all main transportation corridors in the metro area. Their MovingAhead long-range plan includes expansion of EmX service on new corridors. , the corridors under consideration for EmX or other expanded bus services are 30th Avenue to serve Lane Community College; Coburg Road; Highway 99; Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard; and River Road.
Stations
References
External links
Lane Transit District official website with description of project
Federal Transit Administration description of the project
Bus Rapid Transit Policy Center description and evaluation of the project
Our Money, Our Transit, website that opposes West Eugene extension.
Bus rapid transit in Oregon
Transportation in Eugene, Oregon
Springfield, Oregon
2007 establishments in Oregon |
4031418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperia%20dacotae | Hesperia dacotae | Hesperia dacotae, the Dakota skipper, is a small to medium-sized North American butterfly. It has a wingspan of approximately one inch and the antennae form a hook. The male's wings are a tawny-orange to brown on the forewings with a prominent mark and dusty yellow on the lower part of the wing. The female wing is a darker brown orange and white spots on the forewing margin.
Reproduction
The adult Dakota skippers are active for only three weeks in June and July which is their total lifespan. Their eggs, which are laid on the underside of leaves, are hatched in July and the caterpillar larvae feed on native grass until they go dormant in late summer. The caterpillar larvae then winter in shelters very close to the ground. In spring they come out of dormancy in their adult form. They are found in healthy natural tall grass and prairie grass from Minnesota to Saskatchewan. They are now considered extirpated from Illinois and Iowa. The largest most stable population is now found in North Dakota.
Conservation
The Dakota skipper has experienced declining populations from destruction and modification of native prairie for grazing, herbicide use and building. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service placed the Dakota skipper on the Candidate list for protections under the Endangered Species Act from 1975 to 2014, and it has been petitioned twice for protection under the Endangered Species Act in 1994 and 2003. The Dakota skipper was awarded Threatened status under the Endangered Species Act in 2014.
References
External links
Dakota skipper (Hesperia dacotae)
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Endangered insects (pdf)
FWS Field Office
Species at risk
Hesperia (butterfly)
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
ESA threatened species |
4031420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Opali%C5%84ski | Jan Opaliński | Jan Opaliński may refer to several members of the Opaliński family:
Jan Opaliński (1519–1561) (or 1529?), father of Jan Opaliński (1546–1598)
Jan Opaliński (1546–1598) (1546–c. 1590), castellan of Rogozno, father of Jan Opaliński (1581–1637)
Jan Opaliński (1581–1637), voivode of Poznań
Jan Karol Opaliński, (1642–1695), castellan of Poznań, starost |
4031424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20California%20Raisins%3A%20The%20Grape%20Escape | The California Raisins: The Grape Escape | The California Raisins: The Grape Escape is a California Raisins video game developed by Radiance for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Capcom planned to publish the game in 1990 but its release was canceled due to the California Raisins' dwindling popularity because of the decline in raisin sales in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Gameplay
In the single-player side-scrolling action game the player controls a California Raisin through five stages in an effort to rescue the band and their band's musical notes that were stolen by the gang of jealous musicians. The player can walk, jump, climb on vines, moonwalk (by pressing the "select" button) and shoot an unlimited supply of grape jelly beans as projectiles. During each level the player can collect 'I' icons that provide temporary invincibility, regular black musical notes for bonus points, 'Sunshine' icons to restore health, and 'Raisinette' icons to give an extra life to the player. One can also locate items by shooting at the thin air or at columns.
As was the case with other Capcom games, such as Mega Man and DuckTales, one can play the first four levels in any order, but the final level is only available after collecting the musical notes from each of the four levels. The first four levels include The Grape Vine, The Factory, The Maize Maze and The Juicery. The final level takes place in The Clouds.
Cancellation
The game was canceled due to the California Raisins dwindling popularity because of the downfall sales of raisins in the late 1980s/early 1990s. The game appeared to have been largely finished as it was given a full review, along with hints, by the "Game Player's Encyclopedia of Nintendo Games Vol. 3." Flyers included with Capcom NES games released around 1990 also included the title as an upcoming game.
Legacy
The beta cartridge for the game was sold for approximately $1000.
References
1990 video games
Cancelled Nintendo Entertainment System games
Capcom games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Video games about food and drink
Video games developed in the United States
Advergames
Works based on advertisements |
4031425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Melville%20Gilliss | James Melville Gilliss | James Melville Gilliss (September 6, 1811 – February 9, 1865) was an astronomer, United States naval officer and founder of the United States Naval Observatory.
Biography
Gilliss was born on September 6, 1811 in Georgetown, District of Columbia. His parents were George Gilliss, a federal employee, and Mary (Melville) Gillis. In 1827 at the age of fifteen he joined the navy as a midshipman. He made several training cruises on the Delaware, the Java, and the Concord. In 1833 he passed his examinations and was advanced to passed midshipman.
In 1833 Gilliss requested a leave of absence and began his studies at the University of Virginia. Poor health forced him to leave after six months. He went to Paris for further studies in 1835 and was recalled to Washington to serve as an assistant at the Depot of Charts and Instruments in 1836. In late 1837 he married Rebecca Roberts of Alexandria, D.C. (now Va.).
The Depot of Charts and Instruments was headed by Charles Wilkes. The depot was responsible for the navy's chronometers, charts, and other navigational instruments and provided Gilliss with an opportunity to practice astronomy. Astronomical observations were necessary to determine the accuracy of the Navy's chronometers. Gilliss proved himself to be an excellent astronomical observer. In 1837 he was named officer-in-charge of the depot and began an extensive series of observations of the moon and stars for the purpose of longitude determination. In February 1838 he was promoted to lieutenant.
In 1838 Wilkes left the depot to lead the U.S. Exploring Expedition and Gilliss replaced him as head of the organization. Gilliss began a series of celestial observations that were published in 1846 as Astronomical Observations made at the Naval Observatory, Washington. This reference listed some 1,248 stars and was the first star catalog published in the United States.
Gilliss is most noted for his successful efforts to establish the U.S. Naval Observatory, the first national observatory in the United States. In 1841 he first proposed a new depot and personally lobbied congress for the funds. In 1842 Congress passed an authorization for $25,000 for a new depot and "a small observatory". Gilliss used the funds to equip the new building with astronomical instruments, including a 9.6-inch achromatic refracting telescope, a 5.5-inch transit instrument, a 4-inch meridian circle, and a 5-inch prime vertical telescope. He traveled to Europe to purchase the necessary instruments and books and by October 1844 the observatory was ready. However, because of internal politics Gilliss was not appointed director; that position went instead to Matthew Fontaine Maury (the secretary of the navy was from Maury's home state, Virginia).
In 1848, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.
Gilliss continued working at the observatory, completing publication of his celestial catalog and providing support to the Office of Coast Survey. In 1848 he obtained $5,000 from Congress for a naval astronomical expedition to Chile in order to more precisely measure the solar parallax. Gilliss headed the expedition from August 1849 until his return in November 1852. In Chile the expedition enjoyed the support of the government, the University of Chile, the Military School plus a wide array of individuals. They successfully completed the planned astronomical observations and also made valuable observations of the earth's magnetic field, earthquakes, geography, politics and natural science. The specimens of fauna and flora brought back from Chile formed the earliest part of the Smithsonian collection from Latin America. The wide-ranging results of the expedition were published in as six-volume treatise, the United States Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere, published 1855-1896. The observatory and staff he left in Chile became the nucleus of Chile's astronomical program, previous to this there was no astronomical tradition in Chile. Under the direct influence of the expedition from 1850 onward the journal Anales de la Universidad de Chile begun to publish content on astronomy. Gilliss later led two expeditions to observe the solar eclipses in Peru in 1858 and Washington Territory in 1860.
At the onset of the Civil War, Maury resigned to join the Confederate Navy and Gilliss was placed in charge of the observatory in 1861. He also became a founding member of the National Academy of Sciences and was promoted to captain in July 1862. During his four-year tenure, Gilliss reduced the backlog of scientific work that had gone unpublished, encouraged the manufacture of American-made astronomical equipment, and worked closely with other American observatories. His organization also played a crucial role in providing charts and navigation instruments to the rapidly expanding the Union navy.
Gilliss died unexpectedly on February 9, 1865. He had been looking forward to seeing his son who had just been released from a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp. That morning he collapsed and died from a stroke at the age of 53.
Published works
Astronomical Observations made at the Naval Observatory, Washington (1846)
The U.S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere during the Years 1849-50-51-52 (6 vols., Washington, 1855-95)
An Account of the Total Eclipse of the Sun on September 7, 1858, as Observed near Olmos, Peru (Washington, 1859)
An Account of the Total Solar Eclipse of July 18, 1860: as Observed for the United States Coast Survey near Steilacoom, Washington Territory (1861)
Honors
The James Melville Gilliss Building in Washington, DC houses the offices of the Naval Observatory and the Oceanographer of the Navy. The library of the US Naval Observatory is also named in his honor and two US Navy ships were named for him:
,a minesweeper built in 1945.
, an oceanographic research ship launched 1962.
Notes
References
1811 births
1865 deaths
American astronomers
People from Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
United States Navy officers |
4031435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20%28climbing%29 | Beta (climbing) | Beta is climbing jargon that designates information about how to ascend a climb (such as, "grab flake on left while moving right foot to edge on right").
Description
The complexity of beta can range from a small hint about a difficult section (referred to as "some" beta), to a step-by-step instruction of the entire climb (referred to as "the" beta). In rock climbing this may include information about a climb's difficulty, crux, style, length, quality of rock, ease to protect, required equipment, and specific information about hand or foot holds. For mountaineering, beta may include information about the length and difficulty of the approach, availability of water on the climb and the approach, ease of exiting the route before completing it, descent information, perhaps even useful logistic information for climbs in foreign countries. Sometimes beta is also drawn, in the form of a beta-map. It is not uncommon for climbers to have different betas for the same climb. In other words, more than one possible solution that can get the climber to the top. These can vary in terms of difficulty. It is not uncommon for climbs to get downgraded in their difficulty rating once easier beta is discovered.
Origin
The original use of the term Beta in climbing is generally attributed to the late climber Jack Mileski. "Beta" was short for Betamax, a reference to an old videotape format largely replaced by the VHS format. According to some sources Mileski would record himself on tape while completing routes and then share these tapes with friends. According to other sources, it was actually a play on words, as Mileski would often ask, "you want the beta, Max?".
References
External links
Rock and Ice - Climbing Terminology
Tradgirl Climbing FAQ
Climbing |
4031453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bistrica%20ob%20Sotli | Bistrica ob Sotli | Bistrica ob Sotli () is a settlement in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Bistrica ob Sotli. The settlement lies on a river terrace above the right bank of the Sotla River. The area traditionally belonged to the region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region; until January 2014 it was part of the Savinja Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlets of Čehovec, Koče, and Marof.
Name
The settlement was initially known as Leskovec in the Middle Ages. The modern name of the settlement was changed from Sveti Peter pod Svetimi Gorami (literally, 'Saint Peter below the Holy Mountains') to Bistrica ob Sotli (literally, 'clear brook on the Sotla River') in 1952. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms. Locally, the settlement was known as Šempeter. The name Bistrica was originally a hydronym; the Bistrica River flows past the settlement and is a tributary of the Sotla River. In the past, the settlement was known as Sankt Peter bei Königsberg in German. During the Second World War, the settlement was temporarily renamed Königsberg am Sattelbach as part of the Rann Triangle () and designated for resettlement by Gottschee Germans.
History
Archaeological finds in the area date back to the Illyrians. In 1472, Ottoman forces returning from Carinthia defeated troops under Colonel Seifried von Pohlheim in Bistrica ob Sotli. A peasant army led by Ilija Gregorič defeated forces of the Styrian Estates here on 8 February 1573. The settlement was devastated by the plague in 1645 and 1646, commemorated by a column with a white cross between the settlement and the hamlet of Štadler in neighboring Hrastje ob Bistrici. A school was established in Bistrica ob Sotli in 1829. A stonemason's workshop was active in the settlement in the first half of the 19th century.
In the fall of 1941, the native population was mostly evicted and Gottschee Germans were settled here. 22 November was commemorated as the village holiday in memory of the evicted population. The Partisan soldier Janko Skvarča (a.k.a. Modras, 1915–1943), later proclaimed a People's Hero of Yugoslavia, fell during fighting in Bistrica ob Sotli on 20 December 1943.
Mass graves
Bistrica ob Sotli is the site of four known mass graves from the period immediately after the Second World War. Approximately 1,000 Croatian refugees were murdered in several locations in Bistrica ob Sotli in May 1945. All four graves contain the bodies of Croatian civilians and Ustaša soldiers. The Old Fire Station Mass Grave () is located in a meadow southeast of the old fire station. The New Fire Station Mass Grave () extends from the old fire station to the new fire station south of Marija Broz Primary School. The Primary School Mass Grave () was uncovered during excavation work in 1979 for Marija Broz Primary School, revealing human remains and telephone wire. The remains were covered over and the work continued. The Firing Trench below Čehovec Hill Mass Grave () is located east of the town center in an anti-tank trench or firing trench extending from the slope of Čehovec Hill, about 100 m east of the primary school, north to the road to Kunšperk and then to the northwest.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Peter and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. The parish is known as Sveti Peter pod Svetimi gorami. The site of the church has evidence of prehistoric and Roman settlement. The actual church building is a Pre-Romanesque building. Most of the internal church furnishings date to the 19th century. The church was first mentioned in written sources in 1257. It was elevated to a parish on 1 October 1640. The chancel is late Gothic and contains frescoes dating to the 15th century. The bell tower was built in 1654, and two chapels and a sacristy were added around 1700. The nave was raised and re-vaulted in the mid-18th century, when a triumphal arch was also added. The bells date to 1582 and 1745. The rectory was built in 1814, and the curate's office in 1830.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Bistrica ob Sotli include:
Friderk Degen (1906–2001), economist
Ivan Geršak (1838–1911), notary, legal writer, and journalist
Josip Hohnjec (1873–1964), religious writer and politician
Ivan Lipold (1842–1897), politician and journalist
Darian Ado Moric (1895–1966), music teacher and opera tenor
Andrej Reya (1752–1830), religious writer
Josip Ulaga (1826–1881), religious writer and editor
Jožef Zabukovšek (1804–1870), religious writer
References
External links
Bistrica ob Sotli municipal website
Bistrica ob Sotli on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Bistrica ob Sotli
Croatia–Slovenia border crossings |
4031462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20United%20States%20federal%20budget | 2007 United States federal budget | The budget of the United States government for fiscal year 2007 was produced through a budget process involving both the legislative and executive branches of the federal government. While the Congress has the constitutional "power of the purse," the President and his appointees play a major role in budget deliberations. Since 1976, the federal fiscal year has started on October 1 of each year.
The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Final funding for the Department of Defense was enacted on September 29, 2006 as part of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007, while the Department of Homeland Security was funded through the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007, enacted on October 4, 2006. The remaining departments and agencies were funded as part of a full-year continuing resolution, the Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007, on February 15, 2007.
Total receipts
Receipts by source: (in billions of dollars)
The IRS estimated that there were about $345 billion in uncollected taxes, which is sometimes referred to as the "tax gap.".
Total spending
The President's actual budget for 2007 totals $2.8 trillion. Percentages in parentheses indicate percentage change compared to 2006. This budget request is broken down by the following expenditures:
$586.1 billion (+7.0%) - Social Security
$548.8 billion (+9.0%) - Defense
$394.5 billion (+12.4%) - Medicare
$294.0 billion (+2.0%) - Unemployment and welfare
$276.4 billion (+2.9%) - Medicaid and other health related
$243.7 billion (+13.4%) - Interest on debt
$89.9 billion (+1.3%) - Education and training
$76.9 billion (+8.1%) - Transportation
$72.6 billion (+5.8%) - Veterans' benefits
$43.5 billion (+9.2%) - Administration of justice
$33.1 billion (+5.7%) - Natural resources and environment
$32.5 billion (+15.4%) - Foreign affairs
$27.0 billion (+3.7%) - Agriculture
$26.8 billion (+28.7%) - Community and regional development
$25.0 billion (+4.0%) - Science and technology
$20.5 billion (+0.8%) - Energy
$20.1 billion (+11.4%) - General government
Much of the costs of the Iraq war and the Afghanistan war until FY2008 have been funded through supplemental appropriations or emergency supplemental appropriations, which are treated differently from regular appropriations bills. Senior congressional leaders have contended that those war costs, as much as possible, should go through the regular budget process, which provides for greater transparency. Determining the costs of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan is complex. CBO has estimated that "war-related defense activities" in 2007 were "roughly $115 billion."
2007 total military budget
The total requested military budget of the United States for 2007 was $699 billion.
U.S. Military Budget - DoD Base Spending: The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has the single largest budget of any government agency in the discretionary budget. This department is responsible for the four branches - the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps. This includes the cost of base administration, pay for military members, and the costs of repairing and procuring equipment.
FY 2006, Defense Department base budget expenditures were $411 billion, nearly half of net discretionary spending.
FY 2007, it increased to $430 billion, still about half.
FY 2008, it is projected to grow to $481 billion, or 52%.
U.S. Military Budget - War on Terror Base Spending : The War on Terror (WoT) incurs additional costs by other departments. When added to the DoD base spending, the amount comes to:
$474 billion in FY 2006, which is 56% of net discretionary spending,
$505 billion in FY 2007,
$554 billion in FY 2008, nearly 60% of discretionary spending.
FY 2006 Supplemental Funding : The Defense Department base budget also does not include “one time only” costs attributable to the War on Terror, which are submitted as Supplemental Funding.
In FY 2006, an additional $153 billion in Supplemental Funding was added to the base budget - the War on Terror received $120 billion, while $33 billion went primarily for Hurricane Katrina. As a result, 60% of last year's discretionary spending went to DoD/WoT.
FY 2007 Supplemental Funding : For FY 2007, $70 billion has already been approved, while the President’s FY 2008 Budget requests an additional $102 billion. If approved by Congress, total FY 2007 spending for DoD/WoT would be $673 billion, or 64% of the net discretionary budget.
FY 2008 Budget Proposal : For FY 2008, the President has requested the following:
The Defense Department Base Budget - $481 billion.
WoT(non-DoD) Base Budget - $73 billion.
Supplemental Funding for WoT - $145 billion.
Total requested Dod/WoT spending is $699 billion, or 65% of total net Discretionary spending.
References
External links
Status of Appropriations Legislation for Fiscal Year 2007
2007
Federal budget
United States federal budget |
4031464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thickness | Thickness | Thickness may refer to:
Thickness (graph theory)
Thickness (geology), the distance across a layer of rock
Thickness (meteorology), the difference in height between two atmospheric pressure levels
Thickness planer a woodworking machine
Optical thickness in optics
Thickness, a concept in the game Go
Thickness of a fluid, an informal name for viscosity
See also
Thick (disambiguation)
Gauge (disambiguation)
Size
Width |
4031475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Opali%C5%84ski%20%281546%E2%80%931598%29 | Jan Opaliński (1546–1598) | Jan Opaliński (1546 – 1597/98) was a Polish nobleman of Łodzia coat of arms. Castellan of Rogozin, bibliophile, bought Sieraków in 1591.
Son of Jan Opaliński (1519–1561) and Anna Gostynska, married to Barbara z Ostroroga Lwowska (of Nałęcz coat-of-arms), in 1580. Father of Jan Opaliński (1581–1637) and Piotr Opaliński (1586–1624), as well as daughters (Zofia and Anna).
1546 births
1590s deaths
Polish Roman Catholics
Jan 1546 |
4031488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Mary%27s%20Abbey%2C%20Fulda | St. Mary's Abbey, Fulda | St. Mary's Abbey is a Benedictine nunnery in Fulda, Hesse, Germany.
The St. Mary's Abbey was founded in 1626. The first decades were very troubled as a result of the Thirty Years' War: the sisters often had to flee from enemy troops and the abbey was looted several times.
The nunnery was able to evade destruction during the secularization of 1802 by turning itself into a girls' school. During the Kulturkampf, the sisters went into exile in France from 1875 to 1887. In 1898, the nunnery was elevated to the status of abbey. In 1942, although most religious houses in Germany were commandeered by the National Socialists, the nuns were able to avoid eviction by offering the use of most of the premises to the Wehrmacht.
After becoming closer in their way of life over a period of many years to the Beuronese Congregation within the Benedictine Confederation, the abbey finally became a member in 1982.
The nuns engage in various handicrafts, run the abbey shop and have built a compost activator.
External links
References
The information in this article is based on that in its German equivalent.
Fulda
Monasteries in Hesse
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1626
Religious organizations established in the 1620s
Christian monasteries established in the 17th century
Fulda
Buildings and structures in Fulda (district)
1626 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Germany |
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