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4028882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Monaco at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Monaco competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
For the first time since 1984, the team did not include Prince Albert of Monaco, who became the ruler of the Principality following the death of his father Rainier III.
Alpine skiing
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Bobsleigh
Despite the absence of Prince Albert, a bobsleigh team from Monaco competed.
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics |
4028884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockwiser | Clockwiser | Clockwiser is a video game, developed by Team Hoi for the Amiga, MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows. It was published in 1994 by Rasputin Software.
There are over hundred levels, which consist of various arrangements of blocks. Each level is divided into two sections, an active one on the left and a static one on the right. The player's task is to make the section on the left look exactly like the one on the right. The player cannot move individual blocks directly; instead, the player can select a rectangle-shaped group of blocks and move them along the rectangle's edge, either clockwise or counterclockwise. The blocks are subject to gravity, so moving a block on top of empty space makes it fall down. On later levels, various other objects come into play, such as metal blocks that can't be moved, teleporters, and bombs which destroy blocks they fall on.
Legacy
In 2008, the game was ported to Java and published online. In 2010, the game was ported to Android. In 2014, the game was ported to iOS, making the game available on post iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch devices.
External links
Clockwiser on iTunes
The free online version of Clockwiser
Legal downloads of the Amiga & PC versions, and interview with co-designer Rainier van Vliet
1994 video games
Amiga games
Amiga CD32 games
DOS games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
Online games
Browser games
Video games developed in the Netherlands |
4028886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Hill%2C%20Countess%20of%20Hillsborough | Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough | Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough (née Stawell; 27 January 1726 – 29 July 1780) was an English peeress, a daughter of Edward Stawell, 4th Baron Stawell.
On 11 September 1750, she married Henry Bilson-Legge (a son of the 1st Earl of Dartmouth) and they later had a son, Henry (1757–1820). Upon the death of her father in 1755, she inherited her father's estate but not his title, but was later created Baroness Stawell, of Somerton in the County of Somerset, in 1760, in her own right.
Her husband died in 1764 and in 1768 she married the 1st Earl of Hillsborough and became Countess of Hillsborough. Her second husband was created Marquess of Downshire after her death.
Notes
1726 births
1780 deaths
Stawell, Mary Hill, 1st Baroness
British countesses
Irish countesses
Daughters of barons
Hereditary peeresses created by George II
Mary
Mary |
4028894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20Made%20Stupid | Science Made Stupid | Science Made Stupid: How to Discomprehend the World Around Us is a 1985 book written and illustrated by Tom Weller. The winner of the 1986 Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book, it is a parody of a junior high or high school-level science textbook. Though now out of print, high-resolution scans are available online, as well as an abridged transcription, both of which have been endorsed by Weller. Highlights of the book include a satirical account of the creationism vs. evolution debate and Weller's drawings of fictional prehistoric animals (e.g., the duck-billed mastodon). The style has been compared to Mad magazine.
Weller released a companion volume, Culture Made Stupid (also spelled Cvltvre Made Stvpid), which satirizes literature and the humanities.
References
External links
Science Made Stupid Library of Congress 84012938
Science Made Stupid, online with the author's permission
1985 books
Satirical books
Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book winning works
Science textbooks |
4028922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponteland%20United%20F.C. | Ponteland United F.C. | Ponteland United Football Club is a football club based in Ponteland, Northumberland, England, UK. They are currently members of the and play at Ponteland Leisure Centre.
History
Formed back in 1900, Ponteland joined the Northern Alliance at the start of the 1983–84 season, finishing 9th out of 14 in their first season. They played in the league until 1988, when the Northern Alliance split into a three-division format. Since then, Ponteland have always remained in the Premier Division apart from a short time in Division One from 2012 until the 2015/16 season.
The club has finished runner-up twelve time in three different competitions, their highest league positions were in the 1996–97 and 1998–99 seasons, finishing second both times and in 2006–07, they finished 3rd out of 15 teams. They have also finished runners-up in the Northern Alliance Challenge Cup four times −1984-85, 1990–91, 1993–94, and 1997–98. And have been beaten finalists six times in the Northern Alliance Stan Seymour League Cup, including a run of four finals from 1991–1995, during which they lost against different opponents each time.
The club has very sporadically won silverware, winning the Northumberland FA Senior Cup on 2 occasions in 1996 and 2005. The club had to wait until 2010 however before winning the league cup, defeating Shankhouse 3–1 in the Kicks Leisure Challenge Cup.
Following on from their first major league cup honours, Ponteland went on a fantastic run in the 2010–11 season, clinching their first ever league title and pipping Alnwick Town to the championship with a last minute winner against Blyth town (Pont were due to finish 2nd before the goal was scored).
The club also competed in the FA Vase from 1985 to 1997, their best runs being reaching the Third Round in 1992–93 and 1993–94.
Although they always had a reputation as a tough Premier Division side having never been relegated, they finally fell out of the Premier Division in 2012 after a very bad season but returned in 2015/16.
Honours
Northern Alliance Challenge Cup
Runners-up 1984–85, 1990–91, 1993–94, 1997–98
Stan Seymour League Cup
Runners-up 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1998–99
Benevolent Bowl
Winners 1995–96, 2004–05
Northern Alliance Premier Division
Winners 2010–11
Runners-up 1996–97, 1998–99
Kicks Leisure Challenge Cup
Winners 2009–10
Records
FA Vase
Third Round 1992–93, 1993–94
References
External links
Northern Football Alliance
Ponteland United FC Official Website
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Northumberland
1900 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1900
Northern Football Alliance |
4028923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20T.%20Schlosberg | Richard T. Schlosberg | Richard T. Schlosberg III (born c. 1944) is an American business leader who has served in executive positions at a number of newspapers and other organizations.
Schlosberg graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1965. As a young Air Force officer, Schlosberg served two tours of duty in Southeast Asia where he flew over 200 combat support missions as a KC-135 Stratotanker pilot.
After graduating with honors from Harvard Business School, Schlosberg went on to begin a career in publishing. He served in positions at a few newspapers, including: president of the Corpus Christi Caller-Times; publisher and CEO of the Denver Post; and president, publisher, and CEO of the Los Angeles Times from 1994 to 1997. In 1999, Schlosberg became president and CEO of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, one of the nation's largest philanthropic foundations. He retired from this position in 2004. Schlosberg has also served on the board of directors of National Junior Achievement, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Air and Space Museum, and southern California's public television station. He served as chairman of United Way campaigns in Denver and Los Angeles.
In the eBay Inc. Annual Report regarding 2013, he is listed as Director.
External links
1940s births
United States Air Force Academy alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
American philanthropists
American newspaper executives
Living people |
4028930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richhill%2C%20County%20Armagh | Richhill, County Armagh | Richhill is a large village and townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It lies between Armagh and Portadown. It had a population of 2,821 people in the 2011 Census.
Originally named Legacorry, it takes its name from Edward Richardson, who built the manor house around which the village grew.
Origins
At the beginning of the 1600s, the area of Richhill had long been part of the Irish Gaelic territory of Oneilland. In 1610, as part of the Plantation of Ulster, the land was granted to Englishman Francis Sacherevall. His granddaughter Ann married Edward Richardson, who was an English officer, Member of Parliament for County Armagh from 1655 to 1696, and High Sheriff of Armagh in 1665.
Around 1660, Richardson built a manor house on the site that would become Richhill, and in 1664 it was reported that there were twenty houses there. At this time, the village was named Legacorry, after the townland in which it sprang up. Legacorry comes .
In Thomas Molyneux's Journey to the North (1708), the townland appears as "Legacorry, a pretty village belonging to Mr Richardson". It gradually became known as Richardson's Hill and this was shortened to Rich Hill. The original gates to the manor house were wrought by two brothers named Thornberry from Falmouth, Cornwall and were erected in 1745. In 1936 they were moved to the entrance of Hillsborough Castle.
Village regeneration
In 2012, it was announced that work would begin on a £1.5 million regeneration scheme, which will transform the village and involve the restoration of about 20 buildings. The Richhill Partnership began work in 2013 with the concealing of overhead wires and cables on streets within the conservation area, and building restoration work began in early March.
Transport
The Ulster Railway opened Richhill railway station on the line between Belfast and Armagh on 1 March 1848. It was part of the Great Northern Railway from 1876. The Government of Northern Ireland forced the GNR Board to close the line on 1 October 1957.
Portadown is the nearest station run by Northern Ireland Railways with trains to Belfast Great Victoria Street and the Enterprise direct to Belfast Lanyon Place in the east and south to and Dublin Connolly. There are proposals to reopen railway lines in Northern Ireland, including the line to Armagh.
Sport
Broomhill F.C.
Richhill F.C.
Richhill Recreation Centre
Orchard Wheelers Cycling Club
Armagh and Richhill Beagles
Lodge Equine Stables and Pony Club Centre
Intouch Equestrian and Richhill Pony Club Centre
Richhill Raiders Volleyball Club
Churches
St Matthew's Church of Ireland
Richhill Methodist Church
Richhill Presbyterian Church
Quakers, The Society of Friends Richhill
Richhill Elim Church
Richhill Evangelical Presbyterian Church
Grace Community Church
Education
Hardy Memorial Primary School
Districts
Annareagh
Ballyleny
Ballynahinch
Corcreevy
Crewcat
Drumard (Jones)
Liskyborough
Maynooth
Mullaletragh
Rich Hill Town
Rich Hill or Legacorry
Rockmacreeny
Shewis
Notable people
Richard Best, judge
William Richardson, Member of Parliament
Max Clendinning, architect
Demographics
2011 Census
It had a population of 2,821 people (1,076 households) in the 2011 Census. Of these:
21.1% were aged under 16 years and 78.9% were aged 16 and over
49.6% of the population were male and 50.4% were female
6.4% were from a Catholic background and 88% were from a Protestant background
3.59% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed
2001 census
The NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) classifies Richhill as an intermediate settlement (i.e. with population between 2,250 and 4,500 people).
On Census day (29 April 2011) there were 2,818 people living in Richhill. Of these:
26.8% were aged under 16 years and 73.2% were aged 16 and over
49.8% of the population were male and 50.3% were female
3.4% were from a Catholic background and 94.6% were from a Protestant background
1.9% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed
See also
List of towns and villages in Northern Ireland
References
External links
Richhill online
Villages in County Armagh |
4028951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapped%20in%20a%20Purple%20Haze | Trapped in a Purple Haze | Trapped in a Purple Haze is a TV movie about drug abuse which originally aired on ABC in 2000; its title is a reference to the Jimi Hendrix song "Purple Haze". The film starred Jonathan Jackson, JoBeth Williams, and Carly Pope, with a supporting role by Hayden Christensen (who eventually beat Jackson for the part of Anakin Skywalker in the Star Wars prequel trilogy).
Plot
Chicago college student Max Hanson (Jackson) is a talented artist and hockey player. Though more interested in the latter, he is under pressure from his mother, Sophie (Williams) to pursue a career in art, influenced by the fact that she put her own career aside to raise the family and has just landed a coveted position with a local art gallery. Max's father, Ed (Colm Feore), is a tax attorney with a more laid-back approach to his son's future, just wanting him to be happy.
While working at the local video store with best friends Orin (Christensen) and Kate (Amy Stewart), a cute girl comes in with her friends seeking a copy of Arachnophobia, and Max is immediately smitten. After locating her on campus the next day, she introduces herself as Molly White (Pope), who already knows Max's name from his hockey jersey. She then gives Max her phone number and invites him to a party she's attending that night. Before long, Max and Molly are becoming an item, the two even managing to make love in his bedroom with his mother and younger sister Chloe in the house. However, Max soon finds out that Molly is a drug addict, as he accompanies her on a trek to score some heroin, which she promptly snorts.
Max invites Molly to Chloe's birthday party, and though she initially refuses to attend because it's the same night as a Smashing Pumpkins concert, she later relents. However, a minor argument erupts between her and Sophie, resulting in Molly leaving abruptly and putting the brakes on their budding relationship. Devastated, Max does his best to move on, but has a hard time doing so. Finally, he's taken to a party one night by Orin and Kate, where he promptly spots Molly. She asks if they can go somewhere and talk; he accepts, she apologizes, and the two make up.
The next day, Max visits Sophie at work and tries to express his feelings about Molly, but her response is less than positive. A short time later, Molly celebrates their new-found relationship by having them shoot up together in her apartment, and Max soon becomes hooked, neglecting his studies and job. Soon thereafter, Molly learns that she's three months behind on rent, and has a week to pay before being evicted. Not having enough money in his bank account to pay it, Max goes to the video store to get his paycheck, but having only worked two hours during the past week, that's all the pay he receives, and he is also given a pink slip. Sensing his friend may be in over his head, Orin offers to try to help Max, but all he wants is money to supposedly "fix the car" (though Orin sees right through this flimsy claim).
After returning home, Max takes $200 from Ed's wallet; when he gently attempts to approach the subject with his son, even offering to help him out of his financial situation, an argument erupts that culminates in Sophie striking Max. Feeling as though he can never go back home, Max and Molly (who was kicked out of her place) move in with her druggie friends. Not long after, Max shows up at the ice rink attempting to steal money from Orin in the locker room, but is caught in the act (during which time we learn Max has been kicked off the team).
Once back at the pad, Max catches Molly having sex with a man in exchange for drugs, and physically confronts him. Later, as their financial situation worsens, the couple is reduced to panhandling at the local mall, where Sophie spots Max, but says nothing until a few days later. After hearing this news, Ed and his other son Brian attempt to find Max, but are unsuccessful.
His addiction now totally out of control, Max tries to rob a local comic book store for drug money, but is caught by the police. Ed and Brian later bail Max out, and while Brian thinks he needs to be put into rehab, Ed insists he can take care of Max at home. However, the effects of withdrawal are in full swing, and it proves to be an uphill battle. Finally, after going into a rage, Max becomes unconscious and is taken to a hospital.
Once there, an arguments erupts between Ed and Sophie, with Sophie insisting that she did what anyone else would have done, but Ed retorts "that's a bunch of crap" and reminds her that neither he nor the kids made her stop painting; she did it all by herself, and that in her self-absorbed attitude, she failed to notice that all Max wanted was "to know it was OK to not be perfect".
The next day, a doctor informs the family that Max needs to get into a treatment program, but stresses the difficulty of doing so. However, while this discussion takes place, Max manages to slip out of the hospital and begins frantically searching for Molly, finally finding her in a sleazy motel room where she has died of a heroin overdose. Out of his mind with grief, Max shows up at Kate's apartment and begs her for money; when she refuses, he accuses her of "wanting" him and offers to prostitute himself. Enraged, Kate throws Max out of the apartment, but in his stupor, he takes a tumble down the stairwell.
The following morning, after his family had searched unsuccessfully for him, Max is brought home in a taxi, Kate by his side. Informing his mother of Molly's death, the two tearfully embrace, and as he prepares to leave for his month-long stay in rehab, he and Sophie finally reach an understanding. Sophie admits that she never saw Max for who he was and encourages him to be whatever he wants, telling Max that she loves him as the two embrace again. The film ends with Max saying goodbye to Brian and Chloe as he departs for rehab, before he and Ed drive away.
DVD release
The film was released on DVD in the United Kingdom, first in 2004 by Oddysey Video, and again in 2007 by Infinity Vid.
Although the film never received a DVD release in the United States, it has been widely rerun on both Lifetime and its sister channel Lifetime Movie Network in the years since its original airing.
External links
2000 films
2000 television films
2000 drama films
American drama films
American television films
Films scored by Brian Tyler
Films about drugs
Films directed by Eric Laneuville |
4028963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghuvansh%20Prasad%20Singh | Raghuvansh Prasad Singh | Raghuvansh Prasad Singh (6 June 1946 – 13 September 2020) was an Indian socialist politician. In the Lok Sabha, he represented the Vaishali constituency of Bihar and was the national vice president of the Rashtriya Janata Dal political party. He was one of the senior most politicians in India as a people's representative in the legislature for four decades from 1977.
He started his political career when he was elected as an MLA and was subsequently made the Energy minister of Bihar in the Karpoori Thakur ministry. He had represented Belsand constituency five times in the Bihar vidhan sabha. He was made the member of Bihar legislative council in a 1991 post. He became the chairman of Bihar legislative council. He has represented Vaishali constituency from Bihar in Lok Sabha consecutively for five terms and has been in the Union cabinet for three terms. He was the Union Cabinet Minister for Rural Development in UPA-I of Manmohan Singh's government and is credited with conceptualization and implementation of NREGA (National rural employment guarantee act).
Singh died from complications from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in India at All India Institutes of Medical Sciences in New Delhi on 13 September 2020, at age 74. In his final days, Singh wrote an emotional letter to Lalu Prasad Yadav mentioning the humiliation meted out to him in his last days.
Early life and education
Singh was born in a Rajput family of Bihar. He was born to Ramvriksh Singh in the year 1946. He was a Professor and Ph.D. in mathematics and an expert in rural and agricultural landscape in India.
Political history
Secretary, Samyukta Socialist Party (S.S.P.), Sitamarhi district (1973–77)
Member, Bihar Legislative Assembly (1977–90)
Minister of State (Independent charge), Power, Government of Bihar (1977–79)
President, Lok Dal, Sitamarhi district (1980–85)
Deputy Speaker, Bihar Legislative Assembly (1990)
Deputy Leader, Bihar Legislative Council (1991–94)
Member, Bihar Legislative Council (1991–95)
Chairman, Bihar Legislative Council (1994–95)
Minister, Energy, Relief, Rehabilitation and Department of Official Languages, Government of Bihar (1995–96)
Elected to 11th Lok Sabha (1996)
Union Minister of State, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (Independent Charge) (1996–97)
Union Minister of State, Food and Consumer Affairs (Independent Charge) (1997–98)
Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (2nd term) (1998)
Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (3rd term) (1999)
Leader, Rashtriya Janata Dal Parliamentary Party, Lok Sabha (1999–2000)
Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha (4th term) (2004)
Union Cabinet Minister, Rural Development (2004–09)
Vice President, Parliamentary Forum on Water Conservation & Management
Re-elected to 15th Lok Sabha (5th term) (2009)
Family
Singh married Kiran Singh and has 2 sons and 1 daughter.
Social and Cultural Activities
He was associated with the socialist, Teachers' and Farmers' movements as well as activities related to nation building.
Special Interests
His special interests included social service, the struggle against exploitation, legal aid to the farmers, the labourers and the oppressed, as well as promotion of education and educational reforms.
Sports, clubs, favourite pastimes and recreation
He was interested in Yoga, exercise and music. Among the countries he visited were South Korea, Germany, U.K., Mauritius and U.S.A.
Other Information
He was imprisoned during the socialist movement, Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan movement and involved in several political agitations.
References
Notes
See also
List of politicians from Bihar
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
|-
1946 births
2020 deaths
11th Lok Sabha members
12th Lok Sabha members
13th Lok Sabha members
14th Lok Sabha members
15th Lok Sabha members
Bihari politicians
Chairs of the Bihar Legislative Council
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Deputy Speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
Janata Dal politicians
Lok Sabha members from Bihar
Members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
Members of the Bihar Legislative Council
People from Vaishali district
Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians
Samyukta Socialist Party politicians
State cabinet ministers of Bihar
Union ministers of state of India
United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election
Janata Dal (Secular) politicians
Lok Dal politicians |
4028970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea%20for%20Two%20%28song%29 | Tea for Two (song) | "Tea for Two" is a 1924 song composed by Vincent Youmans, with lyrics by Irving Caesar. It was introduced in May 1924 by Phyllis Cleveland and John Barker during the Chicago pre-Broadway run of the musical No, No, Nanette. When the show finally hit Broadway on September 16, 1925, Nanette was played by Louise Groody, and her duet with Barker of "Tea for Two" was a hit. The song went on to become the biggest success of Youmans' career.
Background
Youmans had written the basic melody idea of "Tea for Two" while he was in the navy during World War I, and he used it later on as an introductory passage for a song called "Who's Who With You?" While in Chicago, Youmans developed the idea into "a song that the hero could sing to the heroine" for the musical No, No, Nanette. He soon after played his composition for Irving Caesar and insisted he write the lyrics then and there. Caesar quickly jotted down a mock-up lyric, fully intending to revise it later on. Youmans, though, loved the mock-up and convinced Caesar it was just right for the melody.
It has been proposed, with little supporting evidence, that the phrase 'Tea for Two' was originally shouted by hawkers on the streets of 18th century England who wanted to attract business by lowering the price of a pot of tea from thruppence to tuppence. While this may be the case, 'tea for two' would have been a commonplace order for a couple in 19th century English cafeterias
Musical characteristics
"Tea for Two" has an A1-A2-A3-B form, a range of just over an octave, and a major tonality throughout. The song's original key was A major with a false key change to C major during the second "A" section. It is melodically repetitive (as the entire song consists of eighth and quarter notes, except for a pattern of eighth, quarter, and eighth notes which briefly emerge in the second section) and has a relatively simple harmonic progression.
Notable recordings
The Offspring included the song on their 1997 album Ixnay on the Hombre. It includes spoken word dialogue by John Mayer, and the track was titled "Intermission."
Nick DeCaro solo album recorded in 1974 and produced by Tommy Lipuma with engineer Al Schmitt. Featured at Rock Roll Hall of Fame Library & Archives Nick DeCaro tribute event September 2018.
Adaptations
In 1926, Boris Fomin arranged it for inclusion in his operetta "The Career of Pierpont Blake" (Карьера Пирпойнта Блэка), with Russian lyrics by Konstantin Podrevsky, under the title "Tahiti Trot".
In 1927, Dmitri Shostakovich re-orchestrated Tahiti Trot from memory after conductor Nikolai Malko bet him 100 roubles that he could not do it in under an hour. He won after completing the orchestration in around 45 minutes. It became his Op. 16.
In popular culture
Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck soft-shoe to “Tea for Two” in the Looney Tunes short Show Biz Bugs.
The song features prominently in the novel La invención de Morel (1940) by Argentine writer Adolfo Bioy Casares.
In the French-British WWII-set comedy film La Grande Vadrouille (1966) the humming of the “Tea for Two” melody is the secret code for the British bomber crew members to recognising each other in the Turkish baths at the Grand Mosque of Paris.
Occasionally on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, if a joke bombed during his monologue, the band would play "Tea for Two" and Johnny Carson would do a short soft shoe dance, which always got a laugh from the studio audience.
References
1924 songs
1925 singles
1920s jazz standards
Songs from musicals
Songs with lyrics by Irving Caesar
Nat King Cole songs
Ella Fitzgerald songs
Songs with music by Vincent Youmans
Jazz compositions in A-flat major |
4028974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Regina%2C%20Saskatchewan | History of Regina, Saskatchewan | The history of Regina, Saskatchewan, the capital of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Prior to the province's establishment, Regina served as the territorial headquarters of the then-North-West Territories and district headquarters of the territorial district of Assiniboia.
19th century
Early settlement
Regina was founded in 1882, when the Canadian Pacific Railway, then being built across western Canada, reached the site: by the time of the North-West Rebellion in 1885 the CPR had reached only Qu'Appelle (then called Troy), some to the east of what became Regina.
The Dominion Lands Act encouraged homesteaders to come to the area where they could purchase of land for $10. The city was originally known as "Pile of Bones"—the English translation of the Cree place name "oskana kâ-asastêki" (lit. "Bones, which are piled")—because of the large amounts of buffalo bones on the banks of the Wascana Creek, a spring runoff channel rising some couple of kilometres to the east of Regina and gradually becoming a substantial coulee as it approaches the Qu'Appelle Valley some ten kilometres to the north.
In 1882, Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, wife of the Duke of Argyll, who was then the Governor General of Canada, named the new community Regina (Latin for queen), after her mother, the Queen. giving rise to frequent use of the sobriquet Queen City. Alternate names considered for the town were Leopold (for a son of Queen Victoria), Wascana (a mildly anglicized version of the Cree for "Pile of Bones") and Assiniboia (the Aboriginal people who gave their name to the district of the North-West Territories, corresponding to modern southern Saskatchewan, a famous mountain in the Canadian Rockies, a town southwest of Moose Jaw, and a river(Assiniboine) in Manitoba.
Because of its location on the planned route of the new transcontinental railroad — the Territorial Lieutenant-Governor, Edgar Dewdney, had reserved substantial land on the site for himself — Regina was chosen in 1883 as the new capital of the North-West Territories, replacing Battleford, and over the in-many-ways-superior claims of Battleford, Qu'Appelle and Fort Qu'Appelle. The headquarters of the North-West Mounted Police was then transferred to Regina from Fort Qu'Appelle. In 1883, Regina was officially declared a town. The town's first mayor, David Scott, was elected on January 10, 1884. Regina remained the territorial capital until 1905 when Saskatchewan became a province.
Louis Riel was brought to Regina after his troops were defeated by government forces in the North-West Rebellion in the spring of 1885. Riel was found guilty of treason during trial and was hanged on November 16, 1885. One of three territorial government buildings remains on Dewdney Avenue where the trial was conducted. The trial was re-enacted each summer by local actors in the Trial of Louis Riel for many years. This play, based on the writings of author John Coulter, was not presented in 2004, but was revived for 2005.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police training depot was established in 1874, and still survives. The RCMP chapel frame building was built in 1885 is still standing which was used to jail Indian prisoners.
From 1892 to 1920, Regina was the headquarters of the North-West Mounted Police, and it is now headquarters of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Northwest Region and home of the RCMP Academy, Depot Division.
20th century
Regina grew slowly for the first 20 years of its existence. With a population of more than 3,000, Regina was incorporated as a city on June 19, 1903, with Jacob W. Smith serving as the first mayor.
Establishment as the capital
After Saskatchewan became a province on September 1, 1905, Regina was officially decreed the capital on May 23, 1906. In 1908 the first city hall was completed in downtown Regina, while work began on the Saskatchewan Legislative Building across Wascana Lake.
The years between 1903 and 1913 saw the city grow tenfold. Not only was the federal government's immigration policy finally hitting its stride and attracting large numbers of settlers from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from the British Isles, from eastern Canada and the U.S., but adjustments to railway tariffs made the city more attractive as a distribution centre for farm machinery and other supplies needed by the settlers.
The population growth set off a frenzied building boom that gave the city many handsome public and private buildings that are still standing. These include its two main hospitals, the Canada Life Building, Regina College (which became the University of Regina), Holy Rosary Cathedral (Regina, Saskatchewan), Knox-Metropolitan United Church,(although its predecessors, the then-Metropolitan Methodist Church and Knox Presbyterian Church, were destroyed during a tornado and rebuilt) and the provincial Legislative Building.
An important element in the economic development of the young city was the creation of the Warehouse District on the north side of the city's downtown Canadian Pacific Railway yards. Laced by railway spur lines and encouraged by a change in CPR freight rates that made it more attractive to ship manufactured goods westward from eastern Canada, the district led the city's rapid expansion in this period.
On June 30, 1912, a tornado, locally referred to as the "Regina Cyclone," devastated the city, killing 28, injuring hundreds and destroying more than 400 buildings. The estimated $5 million in damage took more than two years to repair. Future horror film star Boris Karloff, who was in Regina at the time with a theatre company, served as a rescue worker after the disaster. The Regina Cyclone remains the deadliest tornado event in Canadian history. (Some sources state the tornado's toll was either 29 or 30.)
Growth tapered off with recession in 1913, and then the outbreak of the First World War, which saw immigration, capital and pools of workmen and building supplies dry up.
Roaring Twenties
Well underway but drastically interrupted by the First World War from 1914 to 1918, the city had considerable prosperity though nothing like the enormous growth in population which was initially predicted. As with other cities, Regina had numerous entertainment centres, including cinemas housing both stage productions and moving pictures — six downtown cinemas at the peak of such period, the Regina Theatre at 12th Avenue and Hamilton Street opening in 1910 and the Regina Grand Theatre in 1912 on 11th Avenue between Lorne and Cornwall Streets — which survived until television developed in the 1950s and such businesses gradually closed until only one remained in the central business district in 2012.
The city was home of the first licensed airport in Canada (May, 1920) and was also the home of first licensed commercial pilot in Canada (First World War veteran Roland Groome), the first air maintenance engineer in Canada (Robert McCombie) and the first licensed aircraft in Canada (Canadian-built Curtis JN-4 (Can) G-CYAA).
Regina used STV-PR in its city elections from 1921 to 1926. When Regina used PR-STV in its second city election in 1922, Gordon Merllin, a local member of the Typographical Union, was elected.
Economic growth resumed postwar and switched into high gear in the late 1920s, in large part due to construction of the Regina General Motors auto assembly plant in the city's northeast industrial area in 1928–29. For a while, soaring wheat prices made Saskatchewan one of the richest places on Earth, in terms of per capita income. That led to a construction boom in Regina that left the city with an architecturally distinguished generation of apartment and commercial buildings.
The most ambitious such project, however, the Grand Trunk Railway's Chateau Qu'Appelle hotel at the corner of Albert Street and College Avenue (the site of the 1955 Museum of Natural History, now renamed the Royal Saskatchewan Museum), was abandoned, its building materials lying unused for years until they were eventually bought by the CPR and used in the construction of the Hotel Saskatchewan. The fiasco anticipated the later stalling of the intended Centennial auditorium, which sat only begun, derided as "the world's largest monkeybars" for years until it was finally opened in 1972 as the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts.
(The oldest building in Regina still in use is the chapel at the RCMP's "Depot" Division, built in the early 1880s and later converted for religious use. Nearby Government House (Saskatchewan) was built in 1891-92 as an office and residence for the lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories.)
Great Depression
The Great Depression of the 1930s caused massive unemployment in western Canada. In July 1933, a group of farmers, labour and social organizations met in Regina to form the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation or CCF, whose foundation document, the Regina Manifesto, was adopted at that first national CCF convention.
As frustrations grew among the unemployed in 1935, 1,300 men boarded trains in Vancouver bound for Ottawa to demand work from the federal government in what came to be known as the On-to-Ottawa Trek. The issue came to a head in Regina, where the numbers had swelled to 1,800 by the time the Prime Minister intervened and ordered the protest to be disbanded. On the evening of July 1, 1935, a public meeting was called for in Market Square to bring the public up to date on what had happened so far. It was attended by 1500 to 2000 people, of whom only 300 were trekkers. The main body of the trekkers had decided to stay at the exhibition grounds.
Three large vans were parked on the sides of the square concealing RCMP riot squads. Regina police concealed themselves in a nearby garage. At 8 p.m. a whistle was blown and the police charged from their concealment, setting off hours of hand-to-hand fighting throughout the city's centre. The attack caught the people at the meeting by surprise, but then anger took over. They began to fight back with sticks, stones, and anything at hand. RCMP mounted on horseback then charged into the crowd and attacked with clubs. Driven from the Square, the battle continued in the surrounding streets for four hours. Trekkers on the speakers' platform were arrested by a body of police in plain clothes.
The police began firing their revolvers above and into groups of people. Tear gas bombs were thrown at any groups that gathered together. Plate glass windows in stores and offices were smashed. There was no looting, with one exception. People covered their faces with wet handkerchiefs to counter the effects of the tear gas and barricaded streets with cars. Finally the Trekkers who had attended the meeting made their way individually or in small groups back to the exhibition stadium where the main body of trekkers were quartered.
When it was over, 120 trekkers and citizens had been arrested. One plain clothes policeman had been killed. Hundreds of local citizens and Trekkers who had been wounded by police gunfire or otherwise injured were taken to hospitals or private homes. Those taken to hospital were also arrested. Property damage was considerable. The police claimed 39 injuries in addition to the one in plain clothes who had been killed.
The city's exhibition grounds were surrounded by constables armed with revolvers and machine guns. The next day a barbed wire stockade was erected around the area. The Trekkers in the stadium were denied any food or water. News of the police-inspired riot made the front page in newspapers across Canada. About midnight one of the Trek leaders telephoned Premier Gardiner who agreed to meet their delegation the next morning. The RCMP were livid when they heard of this. They took the men to the police station for interrogation but finally released them so they could see the premier.
Premier Gardiner sent a wire to Prime Minister Bennett accusing the police of "precipitating a riot" while he had been negotiating a settlement with the Trekkers. He also told the prime minister the "men should be fed where they are and sent back to camp and homes as they request" and stated his government was prepared to "undertake this work of disbanding the men." An agreement to this effect was subsequently negotiated. Bennett was satisfied that he had smashed the Trek and taught the citizens of Regina a lesson. Gardiner was happy that he was getting rid of the strikers from Regina and the province.
The federal minister of justice made the false statement in the House of Commons on July 2 that "shots were fired by the strikers and the fire was replied to with shots from the city police." During the long course of the trials that followed no evidence was ever produced by the Crown that strikers had ever fired any shots. Bennett further added to the misrepresentation by stating in the House of Commons the same day that the Trek was "not a mere uprising against law and order but a definite revolutionary effort on the part of a group of men to usurp authority and destroy government." Bennett's Conservative government was comprehensively defeated in the 1935 federal election; it has been speculated that the handling of the Regina Riot may have contributed to Bennett's discrediting.
World War II
Regina like all Canadian cities contributed significantly to the Canadian war effort in both world wars both in manpower and capital. During the Second World War, young men from Regina volunteered for service, finding their way into all branches of the Canadian armed services. The Regina Rifle Regiment, one of the Allied units landing in Normandy on June 6, 1944, was raised in Saskatchewan. Its defence of Bretteville Farm on the night of June 7/8, 1944 has been credited by some historians with preventing a German armoured breakthrough that could have reached the vulnerable invasion beaches and caused havoc, delaying or even stopping the Allied advance into Normandy. The long-closed General Motors plant in Regina which had been derelict from the outset of the Great Depression in 1929 (and was never to return to private enterprise) was temporarily returned to vitality and employed many people for the duration of the war manufacturing essential materiel.
The Royal Canadian Navy corvette HMCS Regina, named for the city, sank an Italian submarine in the Mediterranean in 1943, but was itself torpedoed and sunk off the coast of Cornwall in August 1944.
Hundreds of Regina men flew for the Royal Canadian Air Force during the war. During the war, Regina was the home of three air force training facilities: No. 2 Initial Training School (which selected personnel for aircraft training; it was located in the province's Normal School or teachers college), plus No. 3 Air Observer School and No. 15 Elementary Flying Training School, the latter two at the Regina airport. The disused General Motors assembly plant (east on Dewdney Avenue), which had ceased operations as the Depression gripped the prairies, was requisitioned for armaments manufacture before returning to idleness at war's end.
At the conclusion of the war Regina's population was about 65,000.
Post World War II Regina
The early years of the province's social democratic government (first elected in 1944) brought into Regina a rich mix of civil servants ranging from a scion of Britain's Cadbury family to expatriate American intellectuals hounded out of their own country by anti-communist investigations. New York art critic Clement Greenberg noted of Regina in the 1950s: "The vitality of art in Regina does constitute an unusual phenomenon. It may involve, immediately, only a small group of artists, but five such fired-up artists would amount to a lot in New York, let alone a city of 125,000" (Saskatchewan Council for Archives and Archivists, 2001)
Postwar, the city adopted a de facto metropolitan form of government by annexing the independent village of North Regina, located around the Canadian National Railway yards in the city's northwest, and what was then called the "North Annex"—a motley collection of houses outside the city's northern limits along Broad Street, but within the Rural Municipality of Sherwood, which surrounds the city. In both cases, the prime motivating factor in amalgamation was the prospect of these districts getting connected to the city's water lines for drinking water and sewage. Financial aid from the provincial government eased this process.
After the war, Regina grew as a regional distribution centre for farming and rural activity. Not until the 1970s did the economy begin to shift from agri-base to industrial-based activity, although agriculture continues to dominate the economy of the city and province. In 1971, Jack Walker, a former RCAF bomber pilot, real estate developer and city alderman, took control of the industrial development of the city and began to diversify the local economy by encouraging light industrial business. In 1973 Deere & Co International selected Regina as the western distribution centre for all John Deere equipment. This vote of confidence in the young city combined with the expansion of the Consumers' Co-operative Refinery and the development of the Inter-Provincial Steel Co. (Ipsco) plant began to lessen the city's dependence on agriculture-related employment. Today Regina's economy is quite diversified, with strong activity in the resource, financial and telecommunications sectors.
The city's centennial was marked in 1982, with Princess Anne, Princess Royal presiding over the celebrations.
21st century
The RCMP Heritage Centre is a museum that opened in Regina in May 2007.
Regina's downtown core has experienced similar problems to those of other cities on the continent as the retail focus has moved to suburban shopping areas, especially "big box stores." The civic government has possibly not discouraged the depletion of Regina's downtown core, keeping parking expenses extremely high and repeatedly approving the development of further shopping complexes on the city perimeter. A limited number of condominium projects in the downtown have perhaps slowed the outflux of people living in the downtown area but continued issues of crime in the immediately adjacent North Central neighbourhood will continue to discourage urban renewal in the city centre. Some of the larger retail centres which have failed in recent years are being converted into government office space, which may return people to work downtown. IN recent decades Regina's downtown skyline has been somewhat altered with the construction of such buildings as the twin towers of the McCallum Hill buildings, Canada Life, and Agriculture Place. Casino Regina, built in the old Union Station, attracts visitors. Regina Downtown, the business improvement district for the area, reports that it is working to re-build the economic viability of the downtown core.
See also
History of Canada
History of Saskatchewan
Regina's historic buildings and precincts
Timeline of Regina history
Notes
External links
Trevor Harle, Regina History Tour, Saskatchewan Genealogical Society, Regina Branch. Retrieved 29 July 2007. |
4028976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Dialogue | Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue | The Filmfare Best Dialogue Award is given by the Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films. Here is a list of the award winners since 1958 and the films for which they won.
Superlatives
Most Awards
Gulzar – 4
Rahi Masoom Raza – 3
Aditya Chopra – 3
Rajkumar Hirani & Abhijat Joshi - 3 (won jointly for a film)
Kader Khan – 2
Rajinder Singh Bedi - 2
Wajahat Mirza - 2
Akhtar ul Iman - 2
Javed Akhtar - 2
Gulzar, with 4 wins, holds the record for most awards in this category, followed by Rahi Masoom Raza, Aditya Chopra and Rajkumar Hirani & Abhijat Joshi, who have won 3 awards each. Writers who have won the awards twice include Rajinder Singh Bedi, Wajahat Mirza, Kader Khan, Akhtar ul Iman and Javed Akhtar. Dr. Achla Nagar and Juhi Chaturvedi are the only women to have won the award for Best Dialogue, winning for Nikaah and Gulabo Sitabo, respectively.
List
See also
Filmfare Award
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
External links
Filmfare Awards Best Dialogue Action
Dialogue |
4028978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20Allah%20ibn%20Sa%27d | Abd Allah ibn Sa'd | Abd Allah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi al-Sarh () was an Arab administrator and commander.
During his time as governor of Egypt (646 CE to 656 CE), Abdallah ibn Sa'd built a strong Arab navy. Under his leadership the Muslim navy won a number of victories including its first major naval battle against the Byzantine emperor Constans II at the Battle of the Masts in 654 CE.
Origin
He came from the Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy clan of the Quraish tribe and was an adopted brother of the caliph Uthman.
During Muhammad's era
When Abdullâh Ibn Sâd Ibn Abî Sarh had converted to Islam, Muhammad invited him to be his scribe. Muhammad told him to write down some verses from Surah Al-Mu'minun which Allah had just revealed to him. It has been claimed that when the 14th verse had been dictated to Abdallah in the section "and then produced it as another creation", Abdallah expressed his amazement by saying "So blessed be Allah, the Best of Creators!" Muhammad then said, "This ['Abdallah's last expression] is how it was revealed to me." So Abdallah allegedly doubted Muhammad's prophethood, and said, “If Muhammad is truthful, then I was inspired just as he was; and if he is lying, I have uttered exactly what he did utter." And later he went to Mecca which at that time hadn't been conquered by Muhammad.
When Muhammad had gathered enough troops to besiege Mecca, he ordered to his followers that Abdallah bin Sa'd would be one of those who had to be killed even though he was hiding beneath the curtain of the Kaaba. But Abdallah then went to his adopted brother, Uthman ibn Affan asking for help, then with him came to Muhammad to beg for forgiveness. When he met the two of them, Muhammad who was accompanied by some of his companions, was silent for a long time. But after the two of them left, Muhammad said to his followers, "I kept silent so that one of you might get up and strike off his head!" One of the Ansar said, "Then why didn’t you give me a sign, O apostle of God ?" He answered that a prophet does not kill by pointing.
A hadith in Sunan Abu Dawud similarly records Abdallah ibn Sa’d's tense encounter with Muhammad in Mecca post his defection and fleeing Mohammad after the capture of Mecca by Muslims. In his History, al-Tabari briefly records about Abdallah and Muhammad that "Abdallah b. Sa`d b. Abi Sarh used to write for him. He apostatized from Islam and later returned to Islam on the day of the conquest of Mecca".
During Umar's era
Umar appointed him as second-in-command (lieutenant) of Amr Bin al-As for the campaign of conquest of Egypt. He played a major role as a military commander in the conquest of Egypt. During the conquest of Egypt, he was commander of the right flank of the army of Amr and participated in all battles fought during the conquest of Egypt under Amr’s command.
During Uthman’s era
When Uthman became caliph in 644 CE, he appointed Abdallah governor of Egypt replacing 'Amr ibn al-'As, with Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa as his aide. Abdallah brought over a large foreign entourage and established the diwan, "and commanded that all the taxes of the country should be regulated there".
The protests against Abdallah appear to have been instigated by his aide, Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa. Muhammad's father (Abi Hudhayfa) was an early convert to Islam who died in the Battle of Yamama. Muhammad was raised by Uthman. When he reached maturity he participated in the foreign military campaigns and accompanied Abdallah to Egypt as an aide. Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa admonished Abdallah, recommending changes in the government but Abdallah did not respond. After continuous efforts, eventually Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa lost patience and turned from sympathetic admonisher to a disillusioned opponent—first of Abdallah and later of Uthman for appointing him. Abdallah wrote to Uthman claiming that Muhammad was spreading sedition and that if nothing was done to stop him, the situation would escalate. Uthman attempted to silence Muhammad's protests with 30,000 dirhams and expensive presents. Uthman's gifts were perceived as a bribe and that caused a backfire, with Muhammad bringing the money and presents into the Great Mosque saying;
“Do you see what Uthman is trying to do? He is trying to buy my faith. He has sent these coins and these goods to me as a bribe.”
Uthman sent numerous placatory letters to Muhammad, but he continued building the agitation against Abdallah. In 656 the leaders of Egypt decided to send a delegation to Medina to demanding Abdallah's dismissal. Abdallah also left for Medina to defend himself at the court of the caliph. In his absence, Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa assumed charge of the government.
When Abdallah reached Ayla, he was told that Uthman's house was under siege (Siege of Uthman) and decided to return to Egypt. At the border he was informed that Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa had given orders to prevent him from entering Egypt. He then went to Palestine awaiting the outcome of events in Medina. In the meantime, Uthman was killed in Medina, and when Abdallah heard the news, he left Palestine, and went to Damascus to live under the protection of Muawiyah I.
See also
List of rulers of Egypt
References
7th-century Arabs
Year of birth unknown
Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
7th-century Egyptian people
Admirals of the Rashidun Caliphate
Generals of the Rashidun Caliphate
Rashidun governors of Egypt |
4028981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarkurnool | Nagarkurnool | Nagarkurnool is a town in Nagarkurnool district of the Indian state of Telangana.
Election results
General Election, 2014
References
Census towns in Nagarkurnool district
Nagarkurnool district
Mandals in Nagarkurnool district |
4028987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersson%20inner%20product | Petersson inner product | In mathematics the Petersson inner product is an inner product defined on the space
of entire modular forms. It was introduced by the German mathematician Hans Petersson.
Definition
Let be the space of entire modular forms of weight and
the space of cusp forms.
The mapping ,
is called Petersson inner product, where
is a fundamental region of the modular group and for
is the hyperbolic volume form.
Properties
The integral is absolutely convergent and the Petersson inner product is a positive definite Hermitian form.
For the Hecke operators , and for forms of level , we have:
This can be used to show that the space of cusp forms of level has an orthonormal basis consisting of
simultaneous eigenfunctions for the Hecke operators and the Fourier coefficients of these
forms are all real.
References
T.M. Apostol, Modular Functions and Dirichlet Series in Number Theory, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1990,
M. Koecher, A. Krieg, Elliptische Funktionen und Modulformen, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1998,
S. Lang, Introduction to Modular Forms, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2001,
Modular forms |
4028990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missio%20Dei | Missio Dei | Missio Dei is a Latin Christian theological term that can be translated as the "mission of God," or the "sending of God." It is a concept which has become increasingly important in missiology and in understanding the mission of the church since the second half of the 20th century. Some of its key proponents include David Bosch, Lesslie Newbigin, and Darrell Guder.
History
In 1934, the German missiologist Karl Hartenstein first coined the term missio Dei to distinguish it from the missio ecclesiae, that is, the mission of the church. Some scholars hold that this coinage, which can be traced as far back as Augustine, had a strong trinitarian basis. This language, it is argued, was picked up at the 1952 Willingen conference of the International Missionary Council (IMC) and developed theologically by Lutheran theologian, Georg Vicedom.
However, John Flett maintains that while Hartenstein did introduce the actual term missio Dei, he did not locate that mission in the doctrine of the Trinity. Such reference to the Trinity appeared in the "American report," a study document prepared for the 1952 Willingen conference, under the leadership of Paul Lehmann and H. Richard Niebuhr.
Description
The "American report" suggested a link between revolutionary movements in history and "God's mission." Many of the later contentions with missio Dei stem from these origins, and especially the failure to ground the concept in a robust account of the Trinity.
The acknowledged concerns with missio Dei also meant that reference to the concept went through a hiatus until it was given concise description by David Bosch. According to David J. Bosch, "mission is not primarily an activity of the church, but an attribute of God. God is a missionary God." Jurgen Moltmann says, "It is not the church that has a mission of salvation to fulfill in the world; it is the mission of the Son and the Spirit through the Father that includes the church." According to one opinion:
During the past half a century or so there has been a subtle but nevertheless decisive shift toward understanding mission as God’s mission. During preceding centuries mission was understood in a variety of ways. Sometimes it was interpreted primarily in soteriological terms: as saving individuals from eternal damnation. Or it was understood in cultural terms: as introducing people from East and the South to the blessings and privileges of the Christian West. Often it was perceived in ecclesiastical categories: as the expansion of the church (or of a specific denomination). Sometimes it was defined salvation-historically: as the process by which the world—evolutionary or by means of a cataclysmic event—would be transformed into the kingdom of God. In all these instances, and in various, frequently conflicting ways, the intrinsic interrelationship between christology, soteriology, and the doctrine of the Trinity, so important for the early church, was gradually displaced by one of several versions of the doctrine of grace …
Mission was understood as being derived from the very nature of God. It was thus put in the context of the doctrine of the Trinity, not of ecclesiology or soteriology. The classical doctrine on the missio Dei as God the Father sending the Son, and God the Father and the Son sending the Spirit was expanded to include yet another “movement”: The Father, Son and the Holy Spirit sending the church into the world. As far as missionary thinking was concerned, this linking with the doctrine of the Trinity constituted an important innovation …
Our mission has not life of its own: only in the hands of the sending God can it truly be called mission. Not least since the missionary initiative comes from God alone …
Mission is thereby seen as a movement from God to the world; the church is viewed as an instrument for that mission. There is church because there is mission, not vice versa. To participate in mission is to participate in the movement of God’s love toward people, since God is a fountain of sending love.
Speaking on behalf of The Gospel and Our Culture Network, Darrell Guder writes, "We have come to see that mission is not merely an activity of the church. Rather, mission is the result of God’s initiative, rooted in God’s purposes to restore and heal creation. ‘Mission’ means ‘sending,’ and it is the central biblical theme describing the purpose of God’s action in human history.... We have begun to learn that the biblical message is more radical, more inclusive, more transforming than we have allowed it to be. In particular, we have begun to see that the church of Jesus Christ is not the purpose or goal of the gospel, but rather its instrument and witness.... God’s mission is calling and sending us, the church of Jesus Christ, to be a missionary church in our own societies, in the cultures in which we find ourselves.”
Alan Hirsch believes the word missional "goes to the heart of the very nature and purpose of the church itself." He continues, “So a working definition of missional church is a community of God’s people that defines itself, and organizes its life around, its real purpose of being an agent of God’s mission to the world. In other words, the church’s true and authentic organizing principle is mission. When the church is in mission, it is the true church. The church itself is not only a product of that mission but is obligated and destined to extend it by whatever means possible. The mission of God flows directly through every believer and every community of faith that adheres to Jesus. To obstruct this is to block God’s purposes in and through God’s people.”
Peters states that the Bible claims “the end result of such missio Dei is the glorification of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.”
References
Bibliography
Aagaard, Anna Marie. “Missio Dei in katholischer Sicht.” Evangelische Theologie 34 (1974): 420-33.
Aagaard, Anna Marie. “Missiones Dei: A Contribution to the Discussion on the Concept of Mission.” In The Gospel and the Ambiguity of the Church, edited by Vilmos Vajta, 68-91. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress, 1974.
Crum, Winston F. “Missio Dei and the Church: An Anglican Perspective.” St Vladimir’s Theological Quarterly 17, no. 4 (1973): 285-89.
Daugherty, Kevin. “Missio Dei: The Trinity and Christian Missions.” Evangelical Review of Theology 31, no. 2 (2007): 151-68.
Flett, John G. “Missio Dei: A Trinitarian Envisioning of a Non-Trinitarian Theme.” Missiology 37, no. 1 (2009): 5-18.
Flett, John G. The Witness of God: the Trinity, Missio Dei, Karl Barth and the Nature of Christian Community. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2010.
Günther, Wolfgang. “Gott selbst treibt Mission: Das Modell der ‘Missio Dei’.” In Plädoyer für Mission: Beiträge zum Verständnis von Mission heute, edited by Klaus Schäfer, 56-63. Hamburg: Evangelische Missionswerk in Deutschland, 1998.
Jost, Peter Samuel. “Karl Hartenstein und die missio Dei.” Interkulturelle Theologie 36, no. 3-4 (2010): 305-25.
Matthey, Jacques. “Reconciliation, Missio Dei and the Church’s Mission.” In Mission – Violence and Reconciliation: Papers Read at the Biennial Conference of the British and Irish Association for Mission Studies at the University of Edinburgh, June 2003, edited by Howard Mellor, and Timothy Yates, 113-37. Sheffield: Cliff College Publishing, 2004.
Matthey, Jacques. “Serving God’s Mission Together in Christ’s Way: Reflections on the Way to Edinburgh 2010.” International Review of Mission 99, no. 1 (2010): 21-38.
Meiring, Arno. “Rethinking Missio Dei : a conversation with postmodern and African Theologies.” Verbum et Ecclesia 1, no. 3 (2008): 791-818.
Meyers, Ruth A. “Missional Church, Missional Liturgy.” Theology Today 67, no. 1 (2010): 36-50.
Poitras, Edward W. “St Augustine and the Missio Dei: A Reflection on Mission at the Close of the Twentieth Century.” Mission Studies 16, no. 2 (1999): 28-46.
Richebächer, Wilhelm. “Missio Dei: The Basis of Mission Theology or a Wrong Path?” International Review of Mission 92, no. 4 (2003): 588-605.
Robertson, Lindsay G. “Missio Dei: Karl Barth and the mission of the church.” Hill Road 9, no. 2 (2006): 3-19.
Rosin, H. H. ‘Missio Dei’: An Examination of the Origin, Contents and Function of the Term in Protestant Missiological Discussion. Leiden: Interuniversity Institute for Missiological and Ecumenical Research, Department of Missiology, 1972.
Scherer, James A. “Church, Kingdom and Missio Dei: Lutheran and Orthodox Corrections to Recent Ecumenical Mission Theology.” In The Good News of the Kingdom: Mission Theology for the Third Millennium, edited by Charles van Engen, Dean S. Gilliland, Paul Everett Pierson, and Arthur F. Glasser, 82-88. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1993.
Schulz, Klaus Detlev. “Tension in the Pneumatology of the Missio Dei Concept.” Concordia Theological Journal 23, no. 2 (1997): 99-107.
Suess, Paulo. “Missio Dei and the Project of Jesus: The Poor and the ‘Other’ as Mediators of the Kingdom of God and Protagonists of the Churches.” International Review of Mission 92, no. 4 (2003): 550-59.
Sundermeier, Theo. “Missio Dei Today: On the Identity of Christian Mission.” International Review of Mission 92, no. 4 (2003): 579-87.
Verkuyl, Johannes. “The Kingdom of God as the Goal of the Missio Dei.” International Review of Mission 68 (1979): 168-75.
Vicedom, Georg F. Missio Dei: Einführung in eine Theologie der Mission. München: Chr. Kaiser Verlag, 1958.
Walton, Roger. “Have we got the Missio dei right?” Epworth Review 35, no. 3 (2008): 39-51.
Wickeri, Philip L. “Mission from the Margins: The Missio Dei in the Crisis of World Christianity.” International Review of Mission 93, no. 2 (2004): 182-98.
External links
Missional Church Reading Room Extensive on-line materials on the missio Dei and missional theology (Tyndale Seminary)
Take the Missional Challenge: 31 Days to Align with Jesus' Mission
Missional Christianity
Attributes of God in Christian theology
Christian terminology
Latin religious words and phrases
World Christianity |
4028998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theagenes%20of%20Megara | Theagenes of Megara | Theagenes of Megara () ruled the ancient Greek city of Megara in the seventh century BC. The only sources for his life are anecdotes recorded by authors several centuries after his death, whose reliability is uncertain. Although very little is known of his life, he is considered one of the archetypal early Greek tyrants (tyrannoi).
Life
Aristotle claims that Theagenes of Megara convinced the Megarians to give him a bodyguard, which he then used to seize control of the city. Elsewhere Aristotle claims that Theagenes came to power by slaughtering the flocks of the rich by a river. It is unclear how reliable these stories are: the bodyguard is a stereotypical trope in accounts of ancient tyrants' seizures of power and the meaning of the slaughter of the flocks is disputed. Aristotle presents the event as an example of a tyrant gaining power by intervening in social conflict between the rich aristocracy and the poor masses on the side of the latter. Recent scholarship has suggested that this interpretation may be anachronistic and questioned whether such social conflict actually existed in archaic Megara. Greg Anderson suggests that it was part of Theagenes' efforts to assert his dominance over the Megaran aristocracy, while Thomas Figueira has proposed that the episode reflects a religious conflict over the ownership of sacred flocks.
The geographer Pausanias attributes a fountain in Megara to Theagenes, as well as the long underground aqueduct that fed it. He said that it was "worth seeing for its size and ornament and the number of columns." Archaeologists have unearthed this fountain, but the surviving structure dates to the early fifth century BC. It thus cannot be the work of Theagenes, although it is possible that there was an earlier structure on the same site which was.
Thucydides states that Theagenes married his daughter to Cylon of Athens, a victor in the Olympic Games. Having consulted the Delphic Oracle, Cylon decided to take control of Athens by seizing the Acropolis during the Olympic Games in 630 BC, with a force provided by Theagenes. The attempt was unsuccessful; Cylon and his followers were besieged and killed. It is unclear what the consequences were for Theagenes and Megara. Some scholars connect the failure of this enterprise with Theagenes' fall from power. Plutarch says that Theagenes was overthrown and exiled, but he does not say how this happened. After his expulsion Megara was ruled by an oligarchy.
Theagenes is also mentioned in Aristophanes' Peace. When the chorus are persuading Trygaeus not to sacrifice a fat swine because they would be associating with the 'swinishness' of Theagenes.
References
Bibliography
7th-century BC Greek people
7th-century BC rulers
Ancient Megarians
Ancient Greek rulers
Archaic tyrants |
4028999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character%20changes%20during%20Infinite%20Crisis | Character changes during Infinite Crisis | In the course of DC Comics' 2005–2006 event Infinite Crisis (the seven-issue limited series, its lead-in stories, and various tie-ins), numerous characters died, went missing, returned from death or long absences, took new superhero identities, or underwent other significant changes as individual characters.
Deaths
Leadup to Infinite Crisis
These characters died during Infinite Crisis lead-up events, beginning with Countdown to Infinite Crisis:
Black Bison (John Ravenhair) (Day of Vengeance #1)
Blue Beetle (Ted Kord) (Countdown to Infinite Crisis)
Bug (Villains United #1)
Cheetah (Priscilla Rich) (Flash #219)
Darkstars Ferrin Colos, Chaser Bron, and Munchuk (Adam Strange #8)
Fastball (The OMAC Project #6)
Fiddler (Villains United #1)
Firefly (The OMAC Project #6)
Hawkwoman (Shayera Thal) (Rann–Thanagar War #5)
Hyena (Villains United #3; which Hyena died is unknown)
Hyperion (DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #4)
Maxwell Lord (Wonder Woman #219)
Monocle (Manhunter #9)
Onimar Synn (Rann-Thanagar War #6)
Overthrow (The OMAC Project #3)
Parademon (Villains United #6)
Pariah (Villains United #6)
Rocket Red (Dimitri Pushkin) (The OMAC Project #5)
Shazam (Day of Vengeance #6)
Sparta of Synriannaq (DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #1)
Thia (DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #4)
Infinite Crisis
In addition to millions of deaths worldwide (e.g., Blüdhaven populace), these characters died during the publication of Infinite Crisis and connected stories:
Alexander Luthor, Jr. (Infinite Crisis #7)
Ballistic (Infinite Crisis #7)
Baron Blitzkrieg (Infinite Crisis #7)
Black Condor (Ryan Kendall) (Infinite Crisis #1)
Bushido (Infinite Crisis #4, Teen Titans #33)
Carissa, Amazon Warrior (Infinite Crisis #2, Wonder Woman #223)
Charaxes (Infinite Crisis #7)
Crispus Allen (Gotham Central #38; see Returns below.)
Doctor Fate/Hector Hall (JSA #79)
Doctor Fate/Nabu (Day of Vengeance Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Doctor Polaris (Infinite Crisis #1)
Fel Andar (Hawkman #48)
Fisherman (Gotham Central #37)
Fury (Lyta Trevor-Hall) (JSA #80)
Geist (Infinite Crisis #7)
Thirty-two Green Lantern Corps members (Infinite Crisis #7)
The Hangmen (death revealed Manhunter #21)
Human Bomb (Infinite Crisis #1)
Jack (Deuce Canyard) (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Jade (Rann-Thanagar War Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Kal-L, Superman of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #7)
Koryak, Aquaman's son (Aquaman #38)
Lois Lane Kent of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #5)
Mick Wong, Jason Rusch's best friend and then-partner-as-Firestorm (Infinite Crisis #4)
Mongrel (Infinite Crisis #7)
Neptune Perkins (Infinite Crisis #3)
Nightblade (Infinite Crisis #7)
Pantha (Infinite Crisis #4, Teen Titans #33)
Peacemaker (Mitchell Black) (Infinite Crisis #7)
Phantom Lady (Dee Tyler) (Infinite Crisis #1)
Psycho-Pirate (Roger Hayden) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Rag Doll (Peter Merkel, Sr.) (JSA Classified #7)
Ratcatcher (Infinite Crisis #1)
Razorsharp (Infinite Crisis #7)
Sam Kurtis, Stargirl's con-artist father (JSA #81)
Star Sapphire (Deborah Darnell) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Superboy (Conner Kent) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Steve Trevor of Earth-Two (death revealed in Infinite Crisis #5)
Tekla, Amazon Warrior (Wonder Woman #223)
Vulko of Atlantis (Aquaman #38)
Warden Daniel of Enclave M (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Wildebeest (Infinite Crisis #4, Teen Titans #33)
Unconfirmed deaths
These characters appeared to die during Infinite Crisis and lead-up storylines, but their deaths or possible survival remained either unconfirmed or debatable by the series' end. (Refer to these characters' individual articles to see if they returned or were confirmed dead after Infinite Crisis #7.)
Amos Fortune (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Breach (Infinite Crisis #7)
Byte (Villains United #1)
Chain Lightning (Outsiders #33)
Cinnamon II (civilian name unknown) (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Demolition Team (The OMAC Project #6)
Eradicator (David Connor) (Superman vol. 2 #220)
Judomaster (Rip Jagger) (Infinite Crisis #7)
Kite Man (Infinite Crisis #2, rumored)
Lady Spellbinder (Infinite Crisis #7)
Looker (Infinite Crisis #7)
The Madmen (Infinite Crisis #7)
Mister Mxyzptlk (Adventures of Superman #647)
Royal Flush Gang (Joe Carny and associates) (Infinite Crisis #2)
Stallion (Infinite Crisis #4)
Supermen of America (The OMAC Project #6)
Technocrat (Infinite Crisis #7)
Trigger Twins (Tom and Tad Trigger) (Infinite Crisis #7)
T'Charr and Terataya (Day of Vengeance Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Wonder Woman of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #5; appears to fade from existence)
In the case of the Demolition Team and the Supermen of America, it is unclear how many (if any) of their members were slain by OMACs.
Missing
These characters disappeared or went missing during Infinite Crisis and lead-up storylines. Note to readers: Many of these characters may return or already have, as revealed in "One Year Later" stories or hinted at in Infinite Crisis #7's two-page splash showing heroes to be featured in upcoming projects, but remain listed here because this article is about their in-story status as of the end of Infinite Crisis. (Refer to their individual articles to see if they later returned.)
Characters noted below as having gone missing during Infinite Crisis #4 or Infinite Crisis #6 were confirmed missing in Infinite Crisis #7.
Adam Strange (Infinite Crisis #6)
Air Wave (Harold Jordan) (Infinite Crisis #4)
Animal Man (Infinite Crisis #6)
Blue Beetle (Jaime Reyes) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Bumblebee (Infinite Crisis #6)
Captain Comet (Infinite Crisis #6)
Cerdian, son of Garth and Dolphin (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
Cyborg (Victor Stone) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Dolphin (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
Firestorm (Jason Rusch and Martin Stein) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Flash (Wally West) (Infinite Crisis #4)
Green Lantern (Alan Scott) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Hawkgirl (Kendra Saunders) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Herald (Infinite Crisis #6)
Lagoon Boy (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
L.E.G.I.O.N. (Infinite Crisis #6)
Linda Park-West (Infinite Crisis #4)
Lori Lemaris (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
Omega Men (Infinite Crisis #6)
Red Tornado (Ulthoon) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Shift (Infinite Crisis #6)
Starfire (Koriand'r) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Supergirl (Kara Zor-El) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Tempest (Garth) (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
Uncle Sam of the Freedom Fighters (Infinite Crisis #1, confirmed in Infinite Crisis #2)
West twins, children of Wally West and Linda Park-West (Infinite Crisis #4)
Returns
These characters returned from death or a prolonged absence sometime following the publication of Countdown to Infinite Crisis:
Amethyst, Princess of Gemworld (Infinite Crisis #7; was seen battling the Spectre on Gemworld, later aided in the reconstruction of the Rock of Eternity and the summoning of the Specter in Infinite Crisis #6)
Alexander Luthor, Jr. (Infinite Crisis #1, but posed as the Society's Luthor as early as Countdown to Infinite Crisis; see Deaths above)
Captain Atom (Infinite Crisis #7)
Crispus Allen (Infinite Crisis #4, as new host for the Spectre; technically still dead)
Kal-L, Superman of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #1; see Deaths above)
Kid Eternity (Teen Titans #31)
Lady Quark (Villains United #5)
Legion of Super-Heroes - "Reboot" team (Infinite Crisis #6, revealed to be inhabitants of Earth-247)
Lois Lane of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #1; see Deaths above)
Rocket Red Brigade (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Superboy-Prime (Infinite Crisis #1, but has been active for some time; was glimpsed in JLA #119; see New or changed below)
Jason Todd (Batman #617, Batman #638)
Donna Troy (DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #1)
Wonder Woman of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #5; see Deaths above)
Also, several characters from alternate continuities appeared in single-panel cameos when their respective alternate Earths emerged in Infinite Crisis #6. Although some had appeared in recent years (e.g., heroes of Fawcett City, Tangent Comics, DC Comics Western comics, and the Earth-247 Legion of Super-Heroes) and some characters that had appeared in other media but had never previously appeared in comic book form (e.g., heroes from the 1970s Wonder Woman television programs), several others made their first appearance since before Crisis on Infinite Earths. They included:
Batman, Jr.
Bizarro Hawkman
Bizarro Jimmy Olsen
Bizarro Krypto
Bizarro Lois Lane
Bizarro Perry White
Superman, Jr.
New or changed characters
The following characters were changed or introduced during Infinite Crisis and connected stories. See the article on 52 for characters who were introduced following the "One Year Later" jump.
Amazons of Themyscira departed from regular plane of existence (Infinite Crisis #3)
Artemis of Bana-Mighdall departed from regular plane of existence (Infinite Crisis #3)
Bart Allen aged to adulthood, then seemingly depowered (Infinite Crisis #5, Infinite Crisis #7)
Captain Marvel (Billy Batson) as the new protector of the Rock of Eternity (Day of Vengeance Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Crispus Allen as the new host for the Spectre (Infinite Crisis #4)
Helmet of Doctor Fate sent away to find new master (Day of Vengeance Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Damage critically injured by Zoom (Infinite Crisis #1, confirmed in Infinite Crisis #2)
Firestorm redesigned by Jason Rusch and Professor Martin Stein (Firestorm #22)
Fury (Helena Kosmatos) departed from regular plane of existence (Infinite Crisis #3)
Greek deities departed from regular plane of existence (Infinite Crisis #3, Teen Titans #33)
Flash (Jay Garrick) with top speed reduced (Infinite Crisis #7)
Jaime Reyes as the new Blue Beetle (introduced Infinite Crisis #3, debuted in costume in Infinite Crisis #5)
Jason Todd as the new Red Hood (Batman #617, Batman #638)
Kyle Rayner as Ion (Rann-Thanagar War Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Power Girl's conflicting origins resolved, reconfirmed as Earth-Two's Kara Zor-L (JSA Classified #4)
Risk's arm severed (Infinite Crisis #4)
Superboy-Prime depowered, imprisoned by Green Lantern Corps (Infinite Crisis #7)
Superman (Kal-El) depowered (Infinite Crisis #7)
Wonder Girl (Cassandra Sandsmark) with new powers as a champion for Ares (Teen Titans #33)
These heroes stated at the end of Infinite Crisis #7 that they would take time off from their superhero identities:
Batman (Bruce Wayne)
Nightwing (Dick Grayson)
Robin (Tim Drake)
Superman (Kal-El)
Wonder Woman (Diana)
Aftermath
52: Weekly comic book post-Infinite Crisis depicting events of missing year between end of event and One Year Later titles.
"One Year Later": Time-jump across most DC titles occurring around the same date of publication of the final issues of Infinite Crisis.
See also
Continuity changes during Infinite Crisis
References
External links
Newsarama's "Crisis Casualty Count": Part 1 and Part 2
Infinite Crisis |
4029003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste%20Senaill%C3%A9 | Jean-Baptiste Senaillé | Jean Baptiste Senaillé (23 November 1687 – 15 October 1730) was a French born Baroque composer and violin virtuoso. His father was a member of Les Vingt-quatre Violons du Roi. Senaillé studied under Jean-Baptiste Anet, Giovanni Antonio Piani and in Italy under Tomaso Antonio Vitali and imported Italian musical techniques and pieces into the French court. He wrote around 50 violin sonatas. He is most well known for a fast 2/4 movement from one of these sonatas, Allegro spiritoso, which has had versions published transcribed for a wide variety of instruments, from cello to bassoon to euphonium.
Some of these transcriptions were edited by Robin De Smet.
Selected recordings
Premier Livre de Sonates à violon seul avec la Basse continue, Odile Édouard, violin, Freddy Eichelberger, harpsichord, Emmanuel Jacques, cello & violin bass (K617 2004)
Sonata in E minor op.4 n°5, Sonata in G minor op.1 n°6, Sonata in D major op.3 n°10, Sonata in C minor op.1 n°5, Théotime Langlois de Swarte, violin, William Christie harpsichord. CD Harmonia Mundi 2021. Choc Classica
External links
Biographical notes on Senaille
Musicians from Paris
1687 births
1730 deaths
French Baroque composers
French classical composers
French male classical composers
18th-century French male classical violinists
18th-century classical composers
18th-century French composers
17th-century male musicians |
4029006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Van%20Gehuchten | Arthur Van Gehuchten | Arthur Van (or van) Gehuchten (20 April 1861 – 9 December 1914) was a Belgian anatomist, born in Antwerp. He was professor in the faculty of medicine at the University of Leuven until the start of World War I in 1914. He moved to England and taught biology at Cambridge University until his death. Van Gehuchten is especially known for his contributions to the theory of neurons. In anatomy, the van Gehuchten method is the fixing of a histologic tissue in a mixture of glacial acetic acid 10 parts, chloroform 30 parts, and alcohol 60 parts.
Writings
L'Anatomie du système nerveux de l'homme (1893)
Contribution à l'étude du faisceau pyramidal (1896)
Structure du télencéphale: centres de projection et centres d'association. Polleunis & Ceuterick, 1897
Cours d'anatomie humain systématique (I-III, 1906–09)
Les centres nerveaux cérébro-spinaux (1908)
Het zenuwgestel. Nederl. Boekh, 1908
La radicotomie postérieure dans les affections nerveuses spasmodiques (1911)
Coup de couteau dans la moelle lombaire. Essai de physiologie pathologique. Le Névraxe 9, ss. 208–232 (1907)
Le mouvement pendulaire ou réflexe pendulaire de la jambe. Contribution à l'étude des réflexes tendineux. Le Névraxe 10, ss. 263–266 (1908)
Over myopatische ziekten. Voordracht met kinematographische lichtbeelden. Handelingen van het XIVe Vlaams Natuur-en Geneeskundig Congres 1–8 (1910)
La radicotomie postérieure dans les affections nerveuses spasmodiques (modification de l'opération de Foerster). Bulletin de l'Académie royale de Médecine de Belgique ss. 1–43 (1910)
Het doorsnijden der achterste ruggemergwortels als behandeling van zekere vormen van spastische paraplegie, (met kinematographische lichbeelden). Handelingen van het XVIe Vlaamsch Natuur- en Geneeskundig Congres 422–43 (1913)
Neurone
Van Gehuchten adopted Waldeyer’s coinage for the nerve cell, but spelt this in French as ‘le neurone' rather than 'le neuron'. It is believed that the reason for adding the ‘e’ at the end of the word relates to the interplay between linguistics and phonetics: the final ‘n’ in ‘neuron’ would have been ‘sounded’ in the classical Greek, and also in Waldeyer’s German coinage, and, to do the same in French, there needed to be an ‘e’ placed at the end of the word. Without this, ‘neuron’ would have rhymed with ‘maison’ and the link with the original Greek would have been lost.
Bibliography
Aubert G. Arthur van Gehuchten takes neurology to the movies. "Neurology". 59. 10, pp. 1612–8, 2002. .
Aubert G. Arthur Van Gehuchten (1861–1914). "J Neurol". 248 (5), pp. 439–40, 2001. .
James W. Papez. Arthur Van Gehuchten (1861–1914) in: Webb Haymaker (ed.): The Founders of Neurology. One Hundred and Thirty-Three Biographical Sketches. Prepared for the Fourth International Neurological Congress in Paris by Eighty-Four Authors. Springfield: C.C.Thomas, 1953, pp. 38–41
References
External links
1861 births
1914 deaths
Belgian anatomists
Belgian educators
Belgian writers in French
Belgian medical writers |
4029009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing%20window%20manager | Compositing window manager | A compositing window manager, or compositor, is a window manager that provides applications with an off-screen buffer for each window. The window manager composites the window buffers into an image representing the screen and writes the result into the display memory.
Compositing window managers may perform additional processing on buffered windows, applying 2D and 3D animated effects such as blending, fading, scaling, rotation, duplication, bending and contortion, shuffling, blurring, redirecting applications, and translating windows into one of a number of displays and virtual desktops. Computer graphics technology allows for visual effects to be rendered in real time such as drop shadows, live previews, and complex animation.
Since the screen is double buffered, it does not flicker during updates.
The most commonly used compositing window managers include:
for Linux, BSD, Hurd and OpenSolaris: Compiz, KWin, Xfwm, Enlightenment, Mutter, xcompmgr and picom;
for Windows: the Desktop Window Manager; and
for macOS: the Quartz Compositor.
Comparison with stacking window managers
The window manager sends each window a message to repaint itself whenever appropriate (such as when it is resized, or when another window passes in front of it). With a stacking manager, the repainting process can become corrupted when a program that is slow, unresponsive or buggy does not respond to messages in a timely manner. A malicious program can cause the system to appear unstable by simply neglecting to repaint its window. Then, one or more of the following conditions may result:
a clipped window does not repaint uncovered regions, resulting in either blank spaces or a "trail" left behind from another window
portions of windows (such as decorative drop shadows) are left behind and not properly painted over
the mouse pointer is corrupted
screen updates become unbearably slow
the entire screen freezes until the program either responds or is terminated
With a compositing manager, if a window stops repainting itself when requested by the window manager, its last repaint will remain displayed and the window might be dimmed. Often, the title changes to reflect the status of the window as unresponsive. A program may prevent its window from being moved or unmapped, but generally will not cause repainting problems.
History
One of the first systems with a compositing windowing system was the Commodore Amiga, released in 1985. Applications could first request a region of memory outside the current display region for use as bitmap. The Amiga windowing system would then use a series of bit blits using the system's hardware blitter to build a composite of these applications' bitmaps - along with buttons and sliders - in display memory, without requiring these applications to redraw any of their bitmaps.
On March 24, 2001, Mac OS X v10.0 became the first mainstream operating system to feature software-based 3D compositing and effects, provided by its Quartz component. With the release of Mac OS X v10.2 and Quartz Extreme, the job of compositing could move to dedicated graphics hardware.
In 2003 Sun Microsystems demonstrated an ambitious 3D graphics system called Project Looking Glass to layer on top of its Swing toolkit. It was first shown at the 2003 LinuxWorld Expo. Although Apple threatened to sue Sun for breach of intellectual-property rights, other window managers have implemented some of the functionality in Looking Glass. By 2006 development was discontinued by Sun, whose primary business was transitioning from graphically oriented Unix workstations to selling enterprise mainframes.
Microsoft first presented the Desktop Window Manager in Project Longhorn to the 2003 Windows Hardware Engineering Conference, demonstrating wobbly windows. Severe delays in the development of Longhorn caused Microsoft not to debut its 3D-compositing window-manager until the release of Windows Vista in January 2007.
Implementing compositing under the X Window System required some redesign, which took place incrementally. Metacity 2.8.4 was released in August 2004. However, the first widely publicized compositing window manager for X was Xfwm, released in January 2005. On 26 January 2005 Compiz was released, introducing fully accelerated 3D-compositing to the Linux platform.
KDE's KWin also supports compositing.
Compositing and 3D effects in operating systems
In compositing, 3D effects could be applied on windows to provide 3D desktop effects. Modern compositing window managers use 3D hardware acceleration. Compositing window manager software communicates with graphics hardware via programming interfaces such as OpenGL or Direct3D.
The earliest widespread implementations using this technique were released for the Mac in Mac OS X 10.2, and for Linux in a Luminocity prototype. Currently, window managers using OpenGL include Compiz, KWin, and the Quartz Compositor, while Desktop Window Manager currently uses DirectX 9. OpenGL is still not fully supported in hardware, so performance of OpenGL-based compositing should continue to improve as hardware improves.
Linux
Stacking window managers running on X server required a chroma keying or green screening extension. Compositing was introduced by way of the "Composite" extension. Compositing managers use hardware acceleration through this extension, if available.
Under Linux and UNIX, the ability to do full 3D-accelerated compositing required fundamental changes to X11 in order to use hardware acceleration. Originally, a number of modified X11 implementations designed around OpenGL began to appear, including Xgl. The introduction of AIGLX would eliminate the need to use Xgl, and allow window managers to do 3D accelerated compositing on a standard X server, while still allowing for direct rendering. Currently, NVIDIA, Intel, and ATI cards support AIGLX.
Compiz introduced a cube effect, which allows the user to see up to 6 virtual desktops at once. Each desktop is converted into a surface texture of the cube, which can be rotated at will. Compiz displays a wide array of 2D and 3D effects and has relatively low hardware requirements. In 2012, Compiz was included in Ubuntu Linux, and was enabled automatically when supported hardware and drivers were available and the user had not selected 2D Mode.
Mutter (Metacity + Clutter) has replaced Metacity as the default window manager for GNOME. It is featured in the GNOME Shell component of GNOME 3.0. It uses the display engine Clutter, which has been ported to all major operating systems, netbooks and smartphones.
Since version 4, KDE's window manager KWin has compositing capabilities. KWin features much of the same functionality also present in Compiz.
Java
Project Looking Glass was a window manager combining 3D rendering and the cross-platform Java programming language. It is now inactive and released under the GNU General Public License. The Granular Linux live CD distribution includes Looking Glass as an optional window manager.
In the aftermath of it being discontinued, some of its features, such as cover switching and thumbnail live previews, have found their way onto other window managers. Its more original features included window tilting, two-sided window frames and parallax scrolling backgrounds.
AmigaOS 4 and MorphOS
While they are able to run on 3D-capable hardware, AmigaOS 4 and MorphOS are designed to run on old legacy Amiga computers, starting with the Amiga 1200. As such, their window managers have mostly planar rendering capabilities that include composite layering, alpha blending, gradients, high resolution and multiple desktops ("screens") that can partially clip one another.
Microsoft Windows
While the window manager in Windows 2000 does perform compositing, it does not perform transformations such as a per-pixel alpha. Few commercial applications took advantage of alpha blending; freeware programs were among the first to experiment with it, albeit through optional settings. Compositing was introduced with Desktop Window Manager in Windows Vista.
Windows Vista and Windows 7 allow the user to disable Desktop Window Manager by selecting the Windows Basic appearance settings. In addition, it is automatically disabled by Windows in order to perform hardware overlay through the Overlay Mixer Filter.
Usability and eye candy
The compositing approach makes it easier to implement a number of features that make the user interface more accessible, simpler to use or with eye candy elements.
Magnifiers
Vector graphics, such as TrueType fonts and 3D-accelerated elements, can be expanded without degradation (usually due to aliasing). A screen magnifier enlarges an area of the screen, making portions of text easier to read – whether to prevent eye strain, for the visually impaired, or simply at a distance. Zoom effects such as the fish eye magnifier and zoom desktop effects provide this functionality.
Live preview
A preview of a window can be displayed in a pop-up thumbnail when the user hovers its associated taskbar button. This allows the user to identify and manage several concurrently running programs.
Window switching
Windows with similar names and icons tend to cause confusion, especially when their title bars overlap; the position of every such window on the taskbar has to be memorized. When there are many open windows in this manner, the user often has to resort to trial and error—clicking each taskbar button one-by-one—before proceeding. Window switching allows one to quickly preview several windows at once by temporarily rearranging them against a decorative background. After a selection is made, the windows are then restored to their original arrangement.
Selection begins when the user either enters a hotkey combination, moves the mouse pointer to a hotspot on the screen, or, in some situations, uses the mouse's scroll wheel. Items are navigated using the keyboard or mouse. An item is selected by either releasing the hotkey, hitting the Enter key or clicking on it with the mouse.
Flip switching
The flip switcher is an enhancement to the Alt-Tab switching feature. Running windows are arranged into a stack – similar to a flip-style selector in a 1950s jukebox, or a Rolodex. In some systems, the user can press Alt-Shift-Tab to navigate backwards. Visual transitions are applied to each item while navigating.
Common implementations of flip switching include Flip 3D in Windows and Shift Switcher in Compiz.
Cover switching
Cover switching is like flip switching with a few, mostly visual, differences. Instead of one stack with the selection at the top, two symmetrical stacks are shown with the current selection front and center (similar to the window tilting feature in Looking Glass).
Cover Flow is an implementation of cover switching in macOS. More recent versions use blurring to de-emphasize non-selected items. Cover Flow has also been implemented in other software published by Apple such as iTunes.
This is also referred to as "flick-book view."
Ring switching
Ring switching is like flip switching, except the windows move in a circle, with the current selection in front, usually at the bottom. Most compositing window managers include this feature out of the box, and third-party applications, such as 3d-desktop, are also available.
Grouping
The user can group windows together, such that only one window at a time is visible in each group. In Compiz, the window frame is flipped to indicate when the active window in its group has been changed.
Exposé
macOS displays a preview of every window on the screen by tiling them. Other systems with similar functionality (Microsoft Windows, Compiz, KWin, third-party applications) are referred to as Exposé clones. The hotkey to activate Exposé is not Alt-Tab, but rather F3.
Mission Control
Mac OS X 10.7 combines several other compositing features developed by Apple—such as Exposé, Dashboard, and Spaces—into a larger program called Mission Control.
Widget engines
On macOS, "widgets" (single-purpose applets) such as a clock, note pad, and calculator can appear by pressing a hotkey. Widget engines speed work by keeping commonly used widgets accessible while unobtrusive. They are handled by the Dashboard program in macOS.
Compiz starts with a blank Widget Layer, allowing the user to add applications by clicking on them. A variety of widgets are supported, including Screenlets, gDesklets and SuperKaramba.
Windows Vista provides gadgets that the user can place on the Windows Sidebar (Sidebar gadgets), a Windows Live start page (Web gadgets), or an external display, such as the user's mobile phone (SideShow gadgets). The Windows Sidebar was a visible partition in Windows Vista, and was eliminated in Windows 7, along with Sidebar gadgets which were changed to Desktop Gadgets.
Transitions and other effects
Before compositing window managers were developed, windows would instantly jump in and out of view, which is incongruent with the interface metaphor (and with a physical office setting). Some systems like the Classic Mac OS avoided this issue with ZoomRects, animating the windows outline "zooming" toward its final position. But on most systems, the sudden appearance and disappearance of GUI elements may seem confusing or even chaotic to inexperienced users. Visual transitions provide context and help distinguish the causal relationships of GUI elements. Instead of just disappearing, a window may fade away, or visibly shrink to the taskbar. A pull-down menu that has been clicked may smoothly radiate outward from the menu bar, making it easier to determine its origin and purpose.
Gradual and natural transitions may be especially helpful for elderly or visually impaired users who notice changes to the screen more slowly and with less clarity. For example, an inexperienced user may impulsively click on a menu that was activated by accident, causing him or her to lose work. The short delay necessary to display a visual transition may give the user enough time to make a conscious decision, and avoid such mistakes.
User Interface Façades
Metisse implements user interface façades, a system that provides users with simple ways to adapt, reconfigure, and recombine existing graphical interfaces, through the use of direct manipulation techniques.
List of compositing window managers
3Dwm, a three-dimensional workspace manager and general-purpose platform for 3D user interfaces. As of June 2006 this project is inactive.
Desktop Window Manager and the Windows Aero theme on Windows
Quartz Compositor on macOS
Compiz
Marco
KWin (since version 3.3)
Mutter
Xfwm from within Xfce (since version 4.2)
Metisse window system
Mir (since version 1.0)
List of standalone compositing managers
xcompmgr—a minimal alternative to Compiz
Compton–a bug-fixed fork of dcompmgr, which is a fork of xcompmgr. (Not maintained since 2017.)
Picom-a lightweight compositor for X11. It is a fork of Compton.
Cairo Compmgr (Cairo Composite Manager)—a compositing add-on for existing window managers. It uses Cairo, a vector graphics library also used in GTK+.
Unagi Compositing Manager—a compositing manager which can be used along with an existing window manager. It uses the XCB library. (Not maintained since 2014.)
MCompositor—used on MeeGo handsets.
Operating systems with compositing window managers
Mac OS X 10.0 and later
any Unix-like OS using XOrg/AIGLX or Xgl
AmigaOS 4
MorphOS 2.0 and later
Windows Vista and later
See also
Window manager
Tiling window manager
Stacking window manager
Re-parenting window manager
Retained mode
Zooming user interface
Computer graphics
References
External links
Graphical user interfaces |
4029011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento%20Country%20Day%20School | Sacramento Country Day School | Sacramento Country Day School (SCDS) is an independent, co-educational, college preparatory school serving pre-kindergarten through grade 12 since 1964. SCDS is located in the unincorporated Arden Arcade neighborhood of Sacramento, California, and serves students from all surrounding areas, including Carmichael, Davis, Elk Grove, Placerville, Folsom, El Dorado Hills, and Shingle Springs.
History
Seeking an academically-challenging school for their son, Greg, Dr. Baxter Geeting and his wife, Corinne, formulated the concept for Country Day around their kitchen table. About that time, Dr. Geeting met Herbert Matthews, who was teaching math at a small school in Carmichael, and convinced him to join the discussion. Soon, the school envisioned by these educators became a reality.
September 14, 1964, the school opened with 12 students in portable buildings at the Unitarian Church on Sierra Blvd. The following year, the school relocated to its present campus on Latham Drive with 123 students in grades kindergarten through nine. High School buildings arrived in 1970, the multi-purpose building in 1977, and Lower School classrooms in 1979. The building boom of the 1980s produced the gymnasium (1982), the Matthews Library (1985), the administration building (1985), and the Lower School library “wing” (1985). Recent construction includes the Frank Science Center (2005), and the new Lower School building and renovation, completed in August 2008.
As the physical plant and enrollment steadily grew, so did the strength and breadth of the school's educational programs. Over the decades, SCDS added many Advanced Placement, honors, and elective courses in addition to co-curricular programs such as Mock Trial and Renaissance Day; and field trips such as Sutter's Fort, Marin Headlands, Yosemite, Redwood Glen, and Washington D.C.; and over two dozen interscholastic athletic teams.
Lower School
The Lower School begins with prekindergarten and continues through the fifth grade.
Middle school
SCDS's middle school consists of grades six through eight. Seventh and eighth grades have specialized teachers for each subject, in addition to a home-room teacher and a rotating schedule. Each student is required to take two electives per semester. There are no final exams for middle school students. Most students in the middle school take a foreign language, either Latin, Spanish or French.
Each middle school grade spends a week on an educational class trip, including an eighth grade class trip to Washington DC, a seventh grade trip to Yosemite, and a sixth grade trip to Redwood Glen.
High school
The high school consists of roughly 150 students in grades 9 through 12. There are many student clubs and varsity sports teams available to students. Community service is required to graduate. Students must take at least three consecutive years of French, Spanish, or Latin in order to graduate. Arts and drama activities are also available. According to SCDS publications, graduates are regularly accepted to a higher education institution, including universities such as Harvard University, Columbia University, University of California, Los Angeles, Stanford University, Cornell University, Princeton University, and other top-tier schools.
Octagon
The Octagon is an established school newspaper with a staff of 22 students. The publication has previously won the Pacemaker award, an award equal in prestige to a Pulitzer Prize for high school journalism, and is a finalist for its 08-09 publications. It is a part of the High School National Ad Network and can be viewed online at SCDS Octagon webpage.
Baxterpedia
Baxterpedia is the Country Day school wiki where any student is welcome to make contributions. Named after Baxter the Owl, it's a site dedicated to recording and sharing information. Students may create pages about any school-appropriate topic they want, and, eventually, the goal is to create a database of information (much like Wikipedia) where new and old students can record and find information regarding the school.
Notable faculty
David Ancrum (born 1958), basketball player, top scorer in the 1994 Israel Basketball Premier League
References
External links
School Website - www.saccds.org
Educational institutions established in 1964
Preparatory schools in California
High schools in Sacramento, California
Private high schools in California
Private middle schools in California
Private elementary schools in California
1964 establishments in California |
4029016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagarh | Panagarh | Panagarh is a small town in the Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Panagarh is located at . It has an average elevation of .
Urbanisation
According to the 2011 census, 79.22% of the population of the Durgapur subdivision was urban and 20.78% was rural. The sole municipal corporation in the Durgapur subdivision is located at Durgapur and the subdivision has 38 (+1 partly) census towns (partly presented in the map alongside; all places marked on the map are linked in the full-screen map).
Indian Air Force base
Panagarh Airport was constructed in 1944, during the Second World War. It serves as a base for the Indian Air Force. In 2016, it was renamed as Air Force Station Arjan Singh.
Cantonment
One of the 62 cantonments in the country is located at Panagarh.
Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Panagar had a total population of 5,510, of which 2,796 (51%) were males and 2,714 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 650. The total number of literates in Panagar was 3,836 (78.93% of the population over 6 years).
Transport
Panagarh is a station on the Bardhaman–Asansol section, which is a part of Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line, Howrah–Allahabad–Mumbai line and Howrah–Delhi main line.
Earlier, National Highway 19 passed through Panagarh Bazar. A bypass was constructed in 2016, avoiding the crowded bazar area. The old Grand Trunk Road continues to pass through the town.
State Highway 14 passes through Panagarh. The Dubrajpur–Panagarh sector of SH 14 is part of Panagarh–Morgram Highway.
Education
Panagarh has five primary schools, Rama Krishna Ashrama Vidyapitha, the Kendriya Vidyalaya, Secondary School (Panagarh Railway Colony School) and three higher secondary schools (Panagarh Bazar Hindi High School, Kanksa High School and Kanksa Girls' High School).
Professional education
Panagarh has two engineering colleges viz. Aryabhatta Institute of Engineering & Management Durgapur and Techno India, Durgapur.
Healthcare
Panagarh Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Kanksa CD block. There are 4 nonbedded primary health centres at Malandighi, Shibpur, Shyambazar and Shilampur and 26 health wellness centres.
References
Cities and towns in Paschim Bardhaman district
Durgapur, West Bengal |
4029036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikki | Kikki | Kikki may refer to
Kikki Danielsson, country, dansband and pop singer from Sweden
Kikki (album), a 1982 Kikki Danielsson album
Kikki, Balochistan, town in Pakistan
Kikki Benjamin, manga character; see list of Tokyo Mew Mew characters
See also
Kiki (disambiguation)
Feminine given names
Swedish feminine given names |
4029048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing%20Day%20shooting | Boxing Day shooting | The Boxing Day shooting was a Canadian gang-related shooting which occurred on December 26, 2005, on Toronto's Yonge Street, resulting in the death of 15-year-old student Jane Creba. Six other bystanders—four men and two women—were wounded. The incident took place on one of Toronto's most crowded streets on the very busy shopping day, just a few blocks north of the Toronto Eaton Centre. The story generated national news coverage in Canada and influenced the then-underway 2006 federal election campaign on the issues of gun crime and street violence.
Fatality
Jane Creba (May 13, 1990 – December 26, 2005), a tenth-grade student at Riverdale Collegiate Institute, was killed in the incident. While shopping with her sister, she was exiting Pizza Pizza on the west side of the street, when the gunfight erupted. One bullet passed through her upper torso, lodging in her clothing; it was later recovered in hospital. She was rushed to St. Michael's Hospital and died during emergency surgery.
Initial arrests
Police arrested two men on several gun charges at Castle Frank subway station within an hour after the shooting: Andre Thompson, 20, who was on probation at the time, and Jorrell Simpson-Rowe, 17. Thompson had been released just before Christmas from Maplehurst prison near Milton, Ontario, where he had served 30 days for his role in a convenience-store robbery. He declined a bail hearing for his current charges. Police believe as many as 10 to 15 people were involved in the shooting and that more than one gun was fired.
Later arrests and convictions
Twenty Toronto Police detectives were assigned to "Project Green Apple" (named after her favourite food) to work on the case. On June 13, 2006, Toronto Police conducted multiple raids at 14 locations throughout Toronto in the early morning, arresting six men and two teenagers. Charges laid against them included manslaughter, second-degree murder, and attempted murder relating to the six other bystanders. All arrested are members of two different street gangs.
In October 2007, a young man who was rounded up in the initial arrests, Eric Boateng, was shot dead in a seemingly unconnected incident. Boateng was not charged with the shooting, but was later charged with cocaine trafficking.
As of December 2007, ten people have been charged with murder or manslaughter in the case, three of whom are youths. Those charged with second-degree murder include Tyshaun Barnett and Louis Woodcock, both 19, Jeremiah Valentine, 24, and Jorrell Simpson-Rowe, who was 17 at the time of the shootings. One of the teenagers who was arrested in June and charged with manslaughter was exonerated on October 25, 2007 after the preliminary hearing. The teenager charged with murder was committed to trial.
On December 7, 2008, Jorrell Simpson-Rowe, previously known as JSR because the Youth Criminal Justice Act forbids disclosure of identities of minors, was convicted by a jury of murder in the second degree. In April 2009, he was sentenced as an adult to life in prison with no chance of parole for seven years.
In November 2009, manslaughter charges against four individuals involved in the incident were dropped because the prosecutors "felt there were no reasonable prospects for conviction". The four were alleged by prosecutors to have had a "common unlawful purpose" in the incident, but did not fire a weapon.
In December 2009, one decliner, 27-year-old Jeremiah Valentine pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in Creba's death and was given a life sentence with no chance of parole for 12 years. And in April 2010, a jury found Louis Woodcock, 23, and Tyshaun Barnett, 22, guilty of manslaughter in the 15-year-old's death, but not guilty of the more serious offence of second-degree murder. They were also found guilty of four counts each of aggravated assault, relating to other people who were wounded by stray bullets that day.
Media coverage and community impact
The Boxing Day Shooting was the subject of intense media coverage, particularly after a year in which the city of Toronto recorded 80 homicides and a city record 52 shooting deaths. Only one month earlier on November 18, 2005, Amon Beckles was killed outside the sanctuary of a church while attending the funeral of his friend, Jamal Hemmings, whose shooting death he may have witnessed a week earlier, on Eglinton Avenue between Oakwood and Marlee Avenues in the Eglinton West neighbourhood in the former city of York.
The incident was yet another example that led to 2005 being labelled by both the media and police as the year of the gun. Detective Sergeant Savas Kyriacou of the Toronto Police Service spoke for these people in saying, "Toronto has finally lost its innocence. I think we're going to feel this day for a long time to come."
Creba's death has also caused much controversy over the causes of gun crime and the ways to handle the problem. Also controversial is the resurgence of the Guardian Angels in Toronto; they arrived in mid-January to visit the city. Toronto street patrols began in July; however, the chapter had run into financial difficulties by September 2006. Some coverage has also analyzed the disproportionate coverage Creba's death received, compared to the similar deaths of numerous men and women of colour.
In 2016, some 11 years after Creba's death, author Anita Arvast released a book titled What Killed Jane Creba: Rap, Race and the Invention of a Gang War that draws into question the systemic racism that surrounded the case and still troubles Toronto.
See also
Danzig Street shooting
Eaton Centre shooting
2018 Toronto shooting
References
External links
Fourth murder suspect charged in Creba shooting, The Globe and Mail, November 8, 2006
Slain teenager veered blithely into crossfire, The Globe and Mail, December 27, 2005
Family of slain Toronto teen remembers their 'bright light', CBC News, December 29, 2005
T.O. shootings take city's 'innocence': Officer, CTV News, December 28, 2005
Boxing Day shooting suspect declines bail, CTV News, January 13, 2006
Video of possible Creba shooting witness released, CTV News, March 15, 2006
2006 in Toronto
Crime in Ontario
Crime in Toronto
Deaths by firearm in Ontario
2005 murders in Canada
Organized crime events in Canada |
4029059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Angels%20Broadcasting%20Network | Three Angels Broadcasting Network | The Three Angels Broadcasting Network, or 3ABN, is a Christian media television and radio network which broadcasts Seventh-day Adventist religious and health-oriented programming, based in West Frankfort, Illinois, United States. Although it is not formally tied to any particular church or denomination, much of its programming focuses on Seventh-day Adventist theology and Adventist doctrine.
History
Three Angels Broadcasting Network is located in West Frankfort, Illinois. In July 2017, 3ABN announced the sale of 60 low-powered television (LPTV) stations and 10 LPTV construction permits to Edge Spectrum. In October 2017, 3ABN announced the sale of 14 LPTV stations to HC2 Holdings.
Programming
The stated goal of 3ABN's programming is a blend of family and social programs, health and lifestyle, gospel music, and a wide variety of Bible-based presentations.
3ABN maintains several distinct subchannels, separated by language and format.
3ABN (the flagship service with a mixture of programs from the other subchannels)
3ABN Proclaim! (all-televangelism)
3ABN Latino Network (Spanish language)
3ABN Latino Radio Network (Spanish language)
3ABN Radio Network
3ABN Radio Music Channel
3ABN Russia (Russian language)
3ABN Russia Radio Network (Russian language)
3ABN Français Network (French language)
3ABN International Network (partial simulcast of the main 3ABN with some foreign programming)
3ABN Dare to Dream Network ("urban Christian lifestyle")
3ABN Kids Network (children's programming, also covers the network's E/I liabilities)
3ABN Praise Him Music Network (worship music)
3ABN Australia Radio Network
3ABN Plus (3ABN+) live streaming broadcasts of all 3ABN television and radio networks with videos on demand, and so much more, and the subscription is free
As of early 2009, 3ABN's main TV channel had 69% original programming; 3ABN Latino had 67% original programming; and 3ABN Russia had 100% original programming.
The 3ABN International network has the same/similar lineup of programs as 3ABN's flagship network. 3ABN International carries "3ABN Now", the flagship program and some other programming produced by 3ABN Australia.
Not only 3ABN produced their programming at their World Headquarters in West Frankfort, Illinois, 3ABN also produces and carries their programming in their world branches at Three Angels Russian Evangelism Centre in Nizhny Novgorod in Russia and 3ABN Australia Production Centre in Morisset, New South Wales in Australia.
Availability
3ABN television networks are available viewing worldwide through various ways and platforms like international satellites including DISH Network (United States), local downlink stations, and over-the-air stations (United States), cable television, Internet, YouTube, Facebook, 3ABN+ app with Apple and Android mobile devices, Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Smart TVs, Android TV, Apple TV (4th and 5th Generation and future), 3ABN networks are available via FaithStream (Australia), MySDATV, Interless Box by MySDATV, Verizon FiOS, Skitter TV, Truli, Vision TV UK (United Kingdom), Transvision NetWork (France, Antilles-Guyana and Reunion), VAST Satellite (Australia), Sky Cable (Philippines), and Cignal (Philippines). 3ABN radio networks are available listening through local radio stations, international satellites, 3ABN+ app with Apple and Android mobile devices, Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV, Smart TVs, Android TV. 3ABN radio networks are available on MySDATV, Interless Box by MySDATV, FaithStream (Australia) FaithStream and the Internet.
See also
Seventh-day Adventist Church
List of Three Angels Broadcasting Network affiliates
Three Angels' Messages
References
External links
3ABN.org
3ABN+
Three Angels Broadcasting Network
Television networks in the United States
American radio networks
Christian film production companies
Christian radio stations in Australia
Christian radio stations in the United States
Christian television networks
Gospel music media
Conservative media in the United States
Religious television stations in the United States
English-language television stations in Australia
Independent ministries of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
International broadcasters
Adventist organizations established in the 20th century
Television channels and stations established in 1984
Radio stations established in 1999
Radio broadcasting companies of the United States
Companies based in Franklin County, Illinois
1999 establishments in Illinois
Internet television streaming services
Internet television channels
Internet properties established in 2021 |
4029064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20Iseler | Elmer Iseler | Elmer Walter Iseler, (October 14, 1927 – April 3, 1998) was a Canadian choir conductor and choral editor. He was the conductor of the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir and founder of the Festival Singers of Canada and the Elmer Iseler Singers.
Education
Elmer Iseler was born in 1927 in Port Colborne, Ontario, the son of a Lutheran minister. He studied piano and organ as a youth. In 1945, he enrolled in Waterloo College, an offshoot of Waterloo Lutheran Seminary that later evolved into Wilfrid Laurier University. There he studied organ and church music with Ulrich Leupold.
Iseler transferred to the Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto to finish his degree, graduating in 1950 with a Bachelor of Music. He then studied at the Ontario College of Education (now Ontario Institute for Studies in Education). While at OCE, he conducted the University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra, and the university's All-Varsity Mixed Chorus.
Iseler sang in the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir under the baton of Sir Ernest MacMillan, and in 1951-52 he apprenticed as an assistant rehearsal conductor.
Career
In 1952, Iseler found work teaching orchestral and choral music in Toronto high schools, an occupation he continued until 1964. From 1965 to 1968, he returned to the University of Toronto to teach choral music.
In 1954, Iseler helped to found the Festival Singers of Toronto, later known as the Festival Singers of Canada, and conducted them until 1978. He then founded a professional chamber choir, the Elmer Iseler Singers. He conducted this choir until his death in 1998.
In 1964, Iseler succeeded Walter Susskind as conductor of the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir, a position he held until 1997. The Elmer Iseler Singers formed the core of the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir from their founding until 1997.
Iseler was widely regarded as a leading Canadian choral conductor. "He brought to the Festival Singers and the Mendelssohn Choir fresh discipline and versatility, eliciting stylistic resilience, fine tuning, and a healthy sound adaptable to music of all periods." In the 1980s and 1990s, he led his choirs at many national and international festivals and events. It is said that, in a long association between the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Iseler conducted over 150 performances of Messiah by George Frideric Handel.
In 1975, Iseler was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his many services in the field of music in Canada, particularly for his development of the world-renowned Toronto Mendelssohn Choir". He was awarded the Order of Ontario in 1995. In 1997, he was named a Fellow of the Royal Conservatory of Music and an Adjunct Professor of Choral Music at the University of Toronto, where the Elmer Iseler singers became the official choir-in-residence. Following Iseler's death, the university created the Elmer Iseler Chair in Conducting.
References
1927 births
1998 deaths
Male conductors (music)
Members of the Order of Ontario
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Port Colborne
University of Toronto alumni
20th-century Canadian conductors (music)
20th-century Canadian male musicians |
4029066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Stawell | Baron Stawell | Baron Stawell was a title that was created twice in British history. The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1683 when Colonel Ralph Stawell was made Baron Stawell, of Somerton in the County of Somerset. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baron in 1755. The Honourable Mary, daughter of the fourth Baron, married the prominent politician the Honourable Henry Bilson-Legge, fourth son of William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth (see Earl of Dartmouth for earlier history of the Legge family). She inherited the Stawell estates and in 1760 the barony held by her father was revived when she was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as Baroness Stawell, of Somerton in the County of Somerset, with remainder to her sons by her first husband. In 1768 Lady Stawell married as her second husband Wills Hill, 1st Earl of Hillsborough (later 1st Marquess of Downshire). She was succeeded by her only son, the second Baron. He had no male issue and the barony became extinct on his death in 1820.
Barons Stawell; First creation (1683)
Ralph Stawell, 1st Baron Stawell (d. 1689)
John Stawell, 2nd Baron Stawell (d. 1692)
William Stawell, 3rd Baron Stawell (d. 1742)
Edward Stawell, 4th Baron Stawell (d. 1755)
Barons Stawell; Second creation (1760)
Mary Bilson-Legge, 1st Baroness Stawell (1726–1780)
Henry Bilson-Legge, 2nd Baron Stawell (1757–1820)
See also
Earl of Dartmouth
Marquess of Downshire
References
1683 establishments in England
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of England
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain
Legge family
Noble titles created in 1683
Noble titles created in 1760
Peerages created with special remainders |
4029071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Other%20Side%20%28Chuck%20Brown%20and%20Eva%20Cassidy%20album%29 | The Other Side (Chuck Brown and Eva Cassidy album) | The Other Side is an album by the American go-go funk musician Chuck Brown and American singer Eva Cassidy. It was first released in 1992 by Brown's label Liaison records. The album comprises jazz, blues and soul standards and contains a mixture of solos and duets. It is the only studio album by Cassidy to have been released in her lifetime.
Track listing
"Let the Good Times Roll" (Shirley Goodman, Leonard Lee) - 3:12
"Fever" (Eddie Cooley, John Davenport) - 4:16
"You Don't Know Me" (Eddy Arnold, Cindy Walker) - 4:59
"I Could Have Told You So" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Carl Sigman) - 3:31
"Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You" (Andy Razaf, Don Redman) - 2:44
"I'll Go Crazy" (James Brown) - 2:50
"You Don't Know What Love Is" (Gene de Paul, Don Raye) - 4:40 (Chuck Brown solo)
"Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover) - 5:37
"God Bless the Child" (Billie Holiday, Arthur Herzog, Jr.) - 3:18 (Eva Cassidy solo)
"Red Top" (Ben Kynard, Lionel Hampton) - 2:55
"Dark End of the Street" (Dan Penn, Chips Moman) - 3:55 (Eva Cassidy solo)
"The Shadow of Your Smile" (Johnny Mandel, Paul Francis Webster) - 3:30
"Over the Rainbow" (Harold Arlen, E.Y. Harburg) - 5:02 (Eva Cassidy solo)
"You've Changed" (Bill Carey, Carl Fischer) - 4:00
Another track from these sessions, "Need Your Love So Bad", appears on the Eva Cassidy album Eva by Heart.
Personnel
Chuck Brown - vocals, piano
Eva Cassidy - vocals, guitar
Keith Grimes - guitar
Dave Lourim - guitar
Dan Cassidy - violin
Matthew Allen - strings
Philip Jehle - clarinet
Tom Crawford - saxophone
Donnell Floyd - saxophone
C.J. - saxophone
Gilbert Pryor - trumpet
The Reverend Pope - trumpet
"Little" Benny Harley - trumpet
Roy Battle - trombone
Lenny Williams - piano, vibes
Mark "Godfather" Lawson - organ
Kent Wood - organ, synthesizer
Chris Biondo - bass, congas
Keter Betts - upright bass
Raice McLeod - drums
Jim Campbell - drums
Ju Ju House - drums
William Cook - congas
Darryl Andrews - percussion
References
Eva Cassidy albums
Chuck Brown albums
Covers albums
1992 albums
Collaborative albums |
4029080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Screenplay | Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay | The Filmfare Best Screenplay Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films.
Superlatives
Most Awards
Salim–Javed – 3
Basu Chatterjee – 3
Rajkumar Hirani – 3
Mani Ratnam – 2
Vijay Tendulkar – 2
Vidhu Vinod Chopra – 2
Abhijat Joshi – 2
Note: Both Vidhu Vinod Chopra and Rajkumar Hirani won the award twice jointly.
List of winners
1960s
1969 Nabendu Ghosh – Majhli Didi
1970s
1970 Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Anokhi Raat
1971 Vijay Anand – Johny Mera Naam
1972 Basu Chatterjee – Sara Akash
1973 Arvind Mukherjee – Amar Prem
1974 Salim–Javed – Zanjeer
1975 Shama Zaidi, Kaifi Azmi – Garm Hava
1976 Salim–Javed – Deewaar
1977 Basu Chatterjee – Chhoti Si Baat
1978 Lekh Tandon, Vrajendra Kaur, Madhusudan Kalekar – Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye
1979 Kamleshwar – Pati Patni Aur Woh
1980s
1980 Girish Karnad, B.V. Karanth – Godhuli
1981 Vijay Tendulkar – Aakrosh
1982 K. Balachander – Ek Duuje Ke Liye
1983 Salim–Javed – Shakti
1984 Vijay Tendulkar – Ardh Satya
1985 Mrinal Sen – Khandhar
1986 Goutam Ghose, Partha Banerjee – Paar
1987 Not Awarded
1988 Not Awarded
1989 Nasir Hussain – Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak
1990s
1990 Shiv Kumar Subramaniam – Parinda
1991 Basu Chatterjee – Kamla Ki Maut
1992 Tapan Sinha – Ek Doctor Ki Maut
1993 Aziz Mirza, Manoj Lalwani – Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman
1994 Robin Bhatt, Javed Siddiqui, Akash Khurana – Baazigar
1995 Sooraj R. Barjatya – Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!
1996 Aditya Chopra – Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge
1997 Rajkumar Santoshi – Ghatak: Lethal
1998 Subhash Ghai – Pardes
1999 Karan Johar – Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
2000s
2000 John Matthew Matthan – Sarfarosh
2001 Honey Irani, Ravi Kapoor – Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai
2002 Farhan Akhtar – Dil Chahta Hai
2003 Mani Ratnam – Saathiya
2004 Rajkumar Hirani, Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Lajan Joseph – Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.
2005 Mani Ratnam – Yuva
2006 Nina Arora, Manoj Tyagi – Page 3
2007 Jaideep Sahni – Khosla Ka Ghosla
2008 Anurag Basu – Life In A... Metro 2009 Yogendra Vinayak Joshi, Upendra Sidhaye – Mumbai Meri Jaan2010s
2010 Rajkumar Hirani, Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Abhijat Joshi – 3 Idiots 2011 Anurag Kashyap, Vikramaditya Motwane – Udaan 2012 Akshat Verma – Delhi Belly 2013 Sanjay Chauhan and Tigmanshu Dhulia – Paan Singh Tomar 2014 Chetan Bhagat, Abhishek Kapoor, Supratik Sen & Pubali Chaudhari – Kai Po Che! 2015 Rajkumar Hirani, Abhijat Joshi – PK 2016 Juhi Chaturvedi – Piku 2017 Shakun Batra, Ayesha Devitre - Kapoor & Sons
2018 Shubhashish Bhutiani - Mukti Bhawan
2019 Sriram Raghavan, Arijit Biswas, Pooja Ladha Surti, Yogesh Chandekar, Hemanth Rao – Andhadhun
Anubhav Sinha – Mulk
Bhavani Iyer and Meghna Gulzar – Raazi
Nandita Das – Manto
Raj and DK – Stree
2020s
2020 Zoya Akhtar, Reema Kagti - Gully Boy
Anubhav Sinha, Gaurav Solanki - Article 15
Balwinder Singh Janjua - Saand Ki Aankh
Jagan Shakti, R Balki, Dharma, Nidhi Singh, Saket Kodiparthi - Mission Mangal
Manish Gupta, Ajay Bahl - Section 375
Sudip Sharma - Sonchiriya
2021 Rohena Gera - Sir
Anubhav Sinha, Mrunmayee Lagoo Waikul - Thappad
Anurag Basu - Ludo
Kapil Sawant, Rajesh Krishnan -Lootcase
Prakash Kapadia, Om Raut -Tanhaji
References
Screenplay
Screenwriting awards for film |
4029086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeah%20Right%21 | Yeah Right! | Yeah Right! is a 2003 skateboarding video by Girl Skateboards (featuring Chocolate Skateboards), directed by Ty Evans and Spike Jonze. Yeah Right! is notable for its soundtrack, length, and the extensive use of never-before-seen (in a skateboarding video) special effects.
Summary
A short prologue pays tribute to skater Keenan Milton, who died in 2001. Milton was part of Chocolate Skateboards team, a subset of Girl Skateboards.
The introduction credits for the video feature a unique series of shots in ultra-slow motion, filmed with Jonze's personal camera that is capable of shooting 100 frames per second. The camera is low to the ground and very close to the skateboarder as various flip tricks are completed.
Although Yeah Right features mainly skateboarding, there are many special effects used. There are several different scenes in between skaters' parts which make use of green screen technology like the "invisible skateboards" bit and other camera effects such as the "magic board" and the "Skatetrix" bits.
A cameo is made by Owen Wilson. He is in a parking lot with Rick Howard, Eric Koston and Mike Carroll preparing to perform a trick on a handrail. By framing the camera very carefully, it appears that Wilson attempts a backside bluntslide. However, while the camera was facing the opposite direction for a moment, Wilson had slipped out of the frame and is replaced by Eric Koston who is wearing a wig and matching clothes. Koston performs the trick down the staircase and Wilson reappears in the shot after Koston lands to make it look like he completed the trick.
Cast
Yeah Right! features the Girl Skateboards team, along with Chocolate Skateboards.
(in order of appearance)
Keenan Milton - memorial section before the intro of the film (Milton rode for Chocolate until his death in 2001).
Brandon Biebel
Brian Anderson
Marc Johnson - Chocolate section
Chico Brenes - Chocolate montage
Jesus Fernandez - Chocolate montage
Daniel Castillo - Chocolate montage
Chris Roberts - Chocolate montage
Ricardo Carvalho - Chocolate montage
Scott Johnston - Chocolate montage
Richard Mulder - Chocolate montage
Kenny Anderson - Chocolate montage
Mike York - Chocolate section
Justin Eldridge - Chocolate section
Gino Iannuci - Chocolate section
Robbie McKinley
Guy Mariano - Girl "Veterans" montage
Rudy Johnson - Girl "Veterans" montage
Tony Ferguson - Girl "Veterans" montage
Jeron Wilson - Girl "Veterans" montage
Rick Howard - Girl "Veterans" montage
Paul Rodriguez
Jereme Rogers
Mike Carroll
Rick McCrank
Eric Koston
External links
Yeah Right! track listing
Skateboarding videos
2003 films
Films directed by Spike Jonze |
4029088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arild%20Andersen | Arild Andersen | Arild Andersen (born 27 October 1945) is a Norwegian jazz musician bassist, known as the most famous Norwegian bass player in the international jazz scene.
Career
Andersen was born at Strømmen, Norway. He started his musical career as jazz guitarist in the Riverside Swing Group in Lillestrøm (1961–63), started playing double bass in 1964, and soon became part of the core jazz bands in Oslo. He was a member of Roy Hellvin Trio, was in the backing band at Kongsberg Jazz Festival in 1967 and 1968, was elected Best Bassist by Jazznytt in 1967, and started as bass player in the Jan Garbarek Quartet (1967–1973), including Terje Rypdal and Jon Christensen. After completing his technical education in 1968, he became a professional musician and collaborated with Karin Krog, George Russell, and Don Cherry (Berlin 1968), and with visiting American musicians Phil Woods, Dexter Gordon, Bill Frisell, Hampton Hawes, Johnny Griffin, Sonny Rollins, Sheila Jordan, and Chick Corea. During the same period he worked with Ferenc Snétberger and Tomasz Stańko.
In the early 1970s, Andersen collaborated with Norwegian musicians Magni Wentzel, Jon Eberson, Ketil Bjørnstad, and Terje Rypdal, before leaving for an eventful visit to the U.S. in the winter of 1973–1974, and has since 1974 led his own bands, at first a quartet (1974–79). He worked with the Radka Toneff Quintet (1975–81) and has recorded more than a dozen albums as band leader for ECM Records, founded the critically acclaimed band Masqualero, and appeared as side man on a series of recordings. In January 2009, he was named "Musicien Europeen 2008" by the French Academie du Jazz, In 2010, Andersen received the Ella Award at the Oslo Jazzfestival.
Reception
In a review, All About Jazz critic John Kelman said, "Live at Belleville is Andersen's most exciting release to date. Even more, balanced with its lyrical and, at times, near-orchestral tendencies, it's the best disc of Andersen's long and varied career."
Honors
1969: Buddyprisen
1975: "Bassist of the Year" voted by the European Jazz Federation
1983: Spellemannprisen for Masqualero, within the band "Masqualero"
1984: Gammleng Award in the class Jazz
1986: Spellemannprisen for Bande a Part, within the band "Masqualero"
1991: Spellemannprisen for Re-Enter, within the band "Masqualero"
2008: "Musicien Europeen 2008" by the French "Academie du Jazz"
2010: "Ella Award" at the Oslo Jazzfestival
Discography
As leader/co-leader
1975: Clouds in My Head (ECM)
1977: Shimri (ECM)
1978: Sheila (SteepleChase) with Sheila Jordan
1978: Green Shading into Blue (ECM)
1981: Lifelines (ECM)
1981: Molde Concert (ECM), with John Taylor, Bill Frisell & Alphonse Mouzon
1990: Sagn (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), commissioned work for Vossajazz 1990
1991: Secret Obsession (Nabel) with Uli Beckerhoff, John Abercrombie, John Marshall
1993: Arv (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)
1994: If You Look Far Enough (ECM), with Ralph Towner & Nana Vasconcelos
1995: Kristin Lavransdatter (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)
1997: Hyperborean (ECM)
1998: Sommerbrisen (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), with Frode Alnæs & Stian Carstensen
2003: Julegløggen (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), with Frode Alnæs & Stian Carstensen
2004: The Triangle (ECM), with Vassilis Tsabropoulos & John Marshall
2005: Electra (ECM)
2006: Høstsløv (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), with Frode Alnæs & Stian Carstensen
2008: Live at Belleville (ECM), with Paolo Vinaccia & Tommy Smith
2012: Celebration (ECM), with the Scottish National Jazz Orchestra
2014: Mira (ECM), with Paolo Vinaccia & Tommy Smith
2016: The Rose Window (Deutsche Media Productions), with Helge Lien and Gard Nilssen live at Theater Gütersloh
2018: In House Science (ECM), with Paolo Vinaccia & Tommy Smith
As sideman
With Don Cherry
1968: Eternal Rhythm (MPS)
With Terje Rypdal
1971: Terje Rypdal (ECM)
With Bobo Stenson
1971: Underwear (ECM)
With Jan Garbarek
1969: Esoteric Circle (Flying Dutchman)
1970: Afric Pepperbird (ECM)
1971: Sart (ECM)
1972: Triptykon (ECM)
With Roswell Rudd
1974: Flexible Flyer (Arista Freedom)
With George Russell
1971: The Essence of George Russell (Sonet)
1982: Trip to Prillarguri (Soul Note)
1983: Listen to the Silence (Soul Note)
With Pål Thowsen, Jon Christensen & Terje Rypdal
1977: No Time for Time (Zarepta)
With Sheila Jordan
1978: Sheila (SteepleChase)
With David Darling
1981: Cycles (ECM)
With Bill Frisell
1982: In Line (ECM)
Within Masqualero
1983: Masqualero (Odin)
1986: Bande a Part (ECM)
1988: Aero (ECM)
1991: Re-Enter (ECM)
With Vassilis Tsabropoulos
1999: Achirana (ECM)
With Markus Stockhausen
2000: Kartā (ECM)
2002: Joyosa (Enja)
2008: Electric Treasures (Aktivraum)
With Carsten Dahl
2002: The Sign (Stunt)
2003: Moon Water (Stunt)
2006: Short Fairytales (EmArcy)
2012: Space Is the Place (Storyville)
2013: Under the Rainbow (Storyville)
With Ferenc Snétberger & Paolo Vinaccia
2004: Nomad (Enja)
With Andy Sheppard
2008: Movements in Colour (ECM)
With Chris Dundas
2014: Oslo Odyssey (BLM)
With Ketil Bjørnstad
1973: Åpning (Philips)
1976: Finnes Du Noensteds Ikveld (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)
1990: The Shadow (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), feat. Randi Stene, poems by John Donne (1562–1626)
1990: Odyssey (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)
2004: Grace (Universal), feat. Anneli Drecker
2007: Devotions (Universal)
2013: La Notte (ECM)
With Yelena Eckemoff
2013: Glass Song (L&H Production)
2015: Lions (L&H Production)
2015: Everblue (L&H Production)
2018: Desert (L&H Production)
2020: Nocturnal Animals (L&H Production)
See also
List of jazz bassists
References
External links
Arild Andersen on ECM Records
Arild Andersen discography at Discogs
1945 births
Living people
Norwegian jazz composers
20th-century Norwegian upright-bassists
21st-century Norwegian upright-bassists
20th-century Norwegian bass guitarists
Norwegian male bass guitarists
21st-century Norwegian bass guitarists
Avant-garde jazz double-bassists
Norwegian jazz upright-bassists
Male double-bassists
Avant-garde jazz musicians
Spellemannprisen winners
Musicians from Lillestrøm
ECM Records artists
Male jazz composers
20th-century Norwegian male musicians
21st-century Norwegian male musicians
Petter Wettre Quartet members
Masqualero members |
4029098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart%20Has%20Two%20Mommies | Bart Has Two Mommies | "Bart Has Two Mommies" is the fourteenth episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 19, 2006. In the episode, Marge babysits for Flanders' sons while Bart is kidnapped by a chimpanzee.
Plot
The Simpson family attend a church fundraiser for a new steeple. Ned Flanders wins a rubber duck racing contest and is awarded a computer, although he gives it to Marge because he does not have any use for it. Marge babysits Rod and Todd to repay the favor. She finds that all the games they play are boring and overly safe, such as a "sitting still contest," and helps Rod and Todd have fun by encouraging them to liven up.
With Marge spending so much time at the Flanders' house, Homer, Bart, and Lisa go to an animal sanctuary for retired film animals. Bart sees an elderly female chimpanzee named Toot-Toot and offers her some ice cream, only to be taken into her cage and "adopted." Ned comes home and sees Todd wearing a Band-Aid, having injured himself during one of Marge's games. Marge encourages Ned to let his kids start taking more risks, showing him a flyer for a child-safe activity center.
Marge takes Rod and Todd to the activity center. Ned follows her and is surprised to see Rod climbing a structure, yelling that he will get hurt. Rod gets worried and falls, chipping a tooth against the structure. A news broadcast plays about Bart's kidnapping, surprising Marge and causing Ned to view her as a bad mother. Following this, he starts child-proofing the house, although Rod and Todd protest and tell him that they liked having Marge over.
Lisa suggests that Toot-Toot is keeping Bart captive because her real son has gone missing. When Marge goes into the cage to talk to Toot-Toot, she escapes and climbs atop the unfinished church steeple. With Toot-Toot's son, Mr. Teeny, Rod climbs up the steeple and Ned encourages him. Toot-Toot happily reunites with Mr. Teeny and lets Bart go. In a mid-credits scene, Maude Flanders looks down from Heaven, proud that Rod is growing up.
Cultural references
The episode title refers to the book Heather Has Two Mommies.
Left-handed pitcher Randy Johnson makes a cameo appearance at the Left-Handed convention selling his own line of left-handed teddy bears.
Ned sings "Welcome to the Jungle" by Guns N' Roses with alternate lyrics as "Welcome to the Jungle Gym" while child-proofing the backyard.
Ned makes a reference to the Led Zeppelin song "Dazed and Confused" when he says, "Call me Ned Zeppelin, but is one of my boys abrased and contused?" after he discovers a Band-Aid wrapper in the living room.
Reverend Lovejoy's obsession with building a spire to "compensate for [his] own sense of smallness" is a reference to The Spire by William Golding.
See also
References
External links
The Simpsons (season 17) episodes
2006 American television episodes |
4029101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Runnett | Brian Runnett | Henry Brian Runnett (1935–1970) was a British organist and choral director. He was born in Tyldesley, Lancashire, in 1935 and was educated at the Liverpool Matthay School of Music, during which time he obtained the FRCO diploma with both Limpus and F J Read prizes in organ playing. His first organ post (at age 16) was at St. Stephen's Church, Hightown. From there he went to St. Andrew's, Litherland, before moving in 1955 to Chester Cathedral as assistant organist. In 1958 he obtained the degree of BMus from Durham University. In 1960 he was appointed organ scholar at St John's College, Cambridge, under Director of Music George Guest.
Following Cambridge, in 1963 he was appointed Lecturer in Music and University Organist at Manchester University and in 1967 moved to Norwich Cathedral as Organist and Master of the Choristers. He was a part-time lecturer at the University of East Anglia.
He recorded the Hindemith Organ Sonatas on the then new Hill, Norman & Beard Chapel Organ at Ellesmere College in 1970 (LP - Cathedral Organ Masterworks CRMS-850).
In 1968, Runnett succeeded Dr George Guest as director of the Berkshire Boys Choir, a summer-resident choir of 46 boys and 14 men under the auspices of the Tanglewood Music Festival in the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts (USA). The choir had been founded and conducted in 1967 by Dr Guest. In the 1968 (Summer) season, the choir appeared with the Philadelphia Orchestra and sang in Washington Cathedral and at Rutgers University and Syracuse University, among other venues. Eleven selections from their large repertoire were collected on an album for RCA Records (Alleluia, LSC-3081), with Lowell Lacey as the organist.
Runnett was killed in a car crash in 1970 whilst returning from an organ recital he had given in Westminster Abbey. Composer Kenneth Leighton was commissioned by the Cathedral Organists' Association to write a memorial work for Runnett - his Second Evening Service (Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis).
Norwich Cathedral has a Runnett Library in Runnett's memory, which contains all of his sheet music. It was donated to the cathedral by Runnett's parents following his death. St John's College, Cambridge, also has a Brian Runnett Memorial organ competition, as well as trophies given out at the end of it.
References
1935 births
1970 deaths
People from Tyldesley
English classical organists
British male organists
Academics of the University of East Anglia
Academics of the University of Manchester
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Cathedral organists
Road incident deaths in England
Alumni of Durham University
Fellows of the Royal College of Organists
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century English musicians
20th-century organists
20th-century British male musicians |
4029112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Winter%20Olympics%20opening%20ceremony | 2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony | The Opening Ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics (Torino 2006) was held on 10 February 2006 beginning at 20:00 CET (UTC+1) at the Stadio Olimpico in Turin, Italy.
The ceremony was attended by 35,000 spectators with the presence of numerous international and Italian guests on the stage and heads of state and government on the stands. The event was broadcast live to an estimated two-billion audience worldwide by 32 television cameras.
The ceremony saluted the region's culture and history, was highlighted by Italian celebrities and showcased Italian designs. There were the customary parade of athletes and raising of the host nation's flag and the Olympic flag. Apart from the choreography, the fireworks, and the pageantry, the ceremony was a reminder of peace as a goal of these Games. It climaxed with the lighting of the Olympic Flame.
Program
The theme of the program was "Passion Lives Here," and the 4000m2 stage was shaped like an anatomic heart with a mosh pit in the centre where the athletes congregated for the second half of the ceremonies. The athletes were thus put in the centre of action and in front of the stage, emphasizing that the heart of each athlete was the focus of the Games.
There were sentiments of self-conceit amongst TOROC for not including a tribute section during the Opening Ceremonies honoring the Past Host Cities of the previous installments of the Olympic Winter Games that was the very first part of the XIX Olympic Winter Games that had been held in Salt Lake City, USA on 8 February 2002.
The ceremony was conducted in French and English, the two official languages of the International Olympic Committee, and Italian, the language of the host country.
The program was executed by 6,100 volunteers and 240 professionals after 15,000 man days of work.
Rhythm of Passion
Sparks of Passion
Artistic, 1m countdown plus 4m 20s
776 performers
Direction: Gabriele Vacis
Assistant direction: Roberto Tarasco
Choreography: Giuseppe Arena
Moshpit choreography: Doug Jack
Pyrotechnical effects: Christophe Berthonneau
Segment coordinator: Annalisa Barbieri
Helmet-donning skaters costume design: Lino Dainese
Sparks special effects: Vittorio Comi
Helmet-donning skaters choreography: Giuseppe Arena
Helmet-donning skaters: Fabio Cassinelli, Simone Giaccaglia, Luca Imperio, Elia Locagliano, Simone Martino, Daniele Pin
Original Music: Composed arranged and orchestrated by Michele Centonze in collaboration with Stefano Nanni
The Opening Ceremonies began with a traditional countdown by the spectators. Italian gymnast Yuri Chechi as a shaman striking an anvil with a hammer opened the first scene of the program representing the industrial past of the Piedmont region. Each strike spewed up a fountain of flames and were responded to with flames over three metres high, lit from 52 nozzles lined up around the piazza. A group of inline skaters in red unitards soon entered and executed their choreograph and formations. With the fire, costume and flood light, the stage was soon turned into a sea of red. In the mosh pit, performers executed synchronised swimming moves to the pulsing rhythm. It was said that the choreographer was inspired by synchronised swimming when he saw the event for the first time in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
The skaters then gyrated to the pulsing rhythm forming a familiar heart shape pumping to the beat. The formation was soon shattered when a lone skater symbolising a spark of passion shot through the beating heart. Six helmet-donning skaters then entered with two-foot flames flared from the back of their helmets and crisscrossed the stage.
Greetings from the Alps
Mountain Folk
Artistic, 4m 30s
829 performers
Direction: Gabriele Vacis
Moshpit choreography: Doug Jack
Segment coordinator: Annalisa Barbieri
Music: Occitane Anthem "Se Chanta" performed by L'Ange Gardien Chorus; Ouverture "Gazza Ladra" by Rossini, arranged and orchestrated by Michele Centonze in collaboration with Stefano Nanni
Following the exit of the flaming skaters, the sounding of seven alphorns to the notes of the Occitan Hymn signaled the beginning of the next segment that paid tribute to the Alps and the seven Alpine countries: Italy, France, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany and Slovenia. Artificial snow and life-size pine tree shapes set the mood for this segment as the stage was transformed from red to white.
It had been 14 years since the Winter Olympic Games were last held in the Alps, in 1992 in Albertville, France. The 13 million people living in the mountainous region were represented by dancers waltzing in their national costumes. Life-size cow effigies were pulled in and paraded around the stage representing the significance of the dairy farming industry in the Alpine region. Three waltzing couples in cow suits soon entered the scene, while cow bells were heard ringing from the crowd.
After the stage was cleared, 50 performers in white unitards entered with very large white balloons on their heads symbolising the arrival of the snowflakes. A change of music signalled the exit of the snowflakes and in the mosh pit performers formed a snowflake which was lit up by flashlights as the segment came to a close.
Italy
Italian flag
Entry of the authorities
Italian anthem
Direction: Gabriele Vacis
Artistic direction and costume design: Giorgio Armani
Protocol coordinator: Sigrid Guillion Mangilli
Protocol segment coordinator: Pamela Allvin
Segment coordinator: Annalisi Barbieri
Coordinator: CONI - Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano
Carabineers' Guard of Honour
Music: "Amarcord", by Nino Rota; Italian Anthem, composed by Goffredo Mameli and Michele Novaro, arranged by Michele Centonze
This section paid tribute to the Italian flag, whose entrance was led by 26 Olympic medalists in white suits and gowns marching in two files. Following the athletes was model, singer and future French first lady Carla Bruni carrying a folded Italian flag. Bruni wore a sparkling gown by Giorgio Armani, inspired by crystal and ice.
The stage was flooded in the Italian colours red, white, and green by the coloured spotlights at the top of the stadium as the entrance of the President of the International Olympic Committee Jacques Rogge and the President of Italy Carlo Azeglio Ciampi was announced.
Sustained drumbeats set a mood as three Carabinieri officers entered and retrieved the flag from Bruni and brought it to the flag pole.
The flag was raised to the solo rendition of the Italian national anthem after a short pastoral orchestra introduction (as opposed to the usual marching introduction). "Il Canto degli Italiani" was performed by nine-year-old Eleonora Benetti wearing the Italian tricolour. Her verse ended as the choir joined in for the much more rapid refrain.
Torino Olympic City
XX Olympic Winter Games
The Great Skier
Artistic, 6m 10s
467 performers
Direction & Choreography Concept: Doug Jack
Choreography: Bryn Walters, Nikis Lagousakos, Claire Terri
Segment coordinator: Annalisa Barbieri
Original music: composed arranged and orchestrated by Michele Centonze in collaboration with Stefano Nanni
467 performers, each wearing one of the 5 Olympic colours, created a 20 meter tall ski jumper formation, after the playing of the Italian national anthem. The choreography showed an animated ski jumper gliding down the take-off slope, flying through the night air and eventually landing safely in perfect form on the ground. Puffs of air could be seen as the jumper prepared his jump. Performers carrying a blue banner then entered to show the skier gliding down the slope. In flight the figure was lit up by headlamp flashlights in a formation of a ski jumper in peak flight. The ski jumper eventually made a graceful landing on the ground as performers released confetti (to represent a snowplow stop) and cheered as the segment came to a close.
Olympic Spirit
Citius, altius, fortius
Artistic, 6m 10s
149 performers
Direction and choreography: Giulia Staccioli (Kataklò)
Technical director: Richard Hartman
Production director: Simone Masserini
Segment coordinator: Vichi Lombardo
Kataklò technical Coordinator: Andrea Zorzi
Ground choreography: Bryn Walters
Performer athletes: Maria Agatiello, Davide Agostini, Sara Bonarti, Ilaria Cinzia Cavagna, Mauro Maurizio Colucci, Valentina Marino, Giulia Piolanti, Stefano Pribaz, Davide Rabaioli, Marco Zanotti, Gabriele Zappa
Original music: composed, arranged and orchestrated by Michele Centonze, in collaboration with Stefano Nanni
The Sparks of Passion reentered the stadium in this segment where the largest and tallest Olympic Rings for the Opening Ceremonies would be created. Acrobats could be seen maneuvering on three ring shaped frames floating up and down along four lattice columns on the opposite end of the stadium to the stage and the mosh pit. Dancers in red unitards below gyrated to pulsing beats as the theme of passion returned for this segment of the program. While the acrobats descended to the ground, two additional ring shaped frames were raised. The five circular frames were flipped vertically revealing the five Olympic Rings shimmering in light. The rings were then illuminated in the Olympic colours and the structure was lit up in fireworks. The black ring in the centre of the symbol was substituted with white since it is impossible to produce black light.
Heroes of Our Time - Parade of Nations
Protocol, 53m
Director & Choreography: Doug Jack
Placard bearers' costumes: Moschino (Rossella Jardini, Joan Tann)
Music: Medley disco music
The national teams then entered underneath the five-ring structure in the traditional Parade of Nations. As with all Olympic games, the first team to emerge was Greece, since it was the birthplace of the games, and the host nation Italy entered last. The rest of the nations entered following the alphabetical order according to the spelling of the country in Italian, the language of the host country, as is tradition.
The names of the nations were announced first in Italian, then in English and followed by French.
North Korea and South Korea marched together under the Unification Flag for the first time in the Winter Olympic Games; this would not happen again (either Summer or Winter) until the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang. Altogether, 80 National Olympic Committees participated in the Games, an increase from 77 in the previous Winter Games.
The Moschino designed the clothes of the women bearing the placards with team names in Italian for the athletes' parade. The dresses were shaped as snowy mountain tops, complete with pine trees and small houses lit up by embedded lights. Miss Italia, Edelfa Chiara Masciotta, was carrying the placard for team Italy who wore a special dress designed to pay tribute to Turin. When assembled on stage the ladies represented the Italian Alps' beauty, strength, and poise.
The march of the Olympic teams was accompanied by a selection of 1970s and 1980s American and European disco music, including "Video Killed the Radio Star" by The Buggles, "YMCA" by the Village People, "I Will Survive" by Gloria Gaynor, "Daddy Cool" by Boney M and songs by the Doobie Brothers and Eurythmics.
The following table lists the countries and territories in the order of their entrance. It is worth noting that not all the athletes participated in the opening ceremonies, as some may have chosen to prepare themselves for races and competitions that were scheduled the very next morning. Other commitments may have prevented some athletes from participating in the parade. For example, most men's hockey teams would not arrive in Turin until the following week since most of the players are involved with the NHL. On the other hand, the parade included officials, judges, coaches and other team staff.
The 2006 games were the first winter games in which these countries have participated.
Yang Yang (A) was China's first female flag bearer for the Olympics.
These flag bearers are also citizens of Canada.
This young snowboarder replaced her older colleague Jagna Marczulajtis who was sick.
From Renaissance to Baroque
Artistic, 16m
515 performers
Direction and choreography: Monica Maimone
Artistic direction: Valerio Festi
Costumes: Gabriella Pescucci
Segment coordinator: Nicola Tamburrano
Producer: Alessandra Rossetti
Set design: Roberto Rebaudengo
Drammaturgy: Paolo Dalla Sega
Flag wavers' coordinator: Stefano Mosele
Flag wavers and musicians: F.I.SB. - Federazione Italiana Sbandieratori
Original music: composed, arranged anc orchestrated by Michele Centonze, in collaboration with Stefano Nanni
After a short homage to Dante and The Divine Comedy, there were Renaissance and Baroque displays, with an homage to Arcimboldo. A scene was based on the Birth of Venus painting. The role of Venus was played by Czech supermodel Eva Herzigová, emerging from a shell like in the Birth of Venus by Botticelli. A dance played a major part in the ceremony, as well as displays of flag waving and baroque bands.
Sportscaster Bob Costas called it a celebration of the emergence from the dark days of the Middle Ages, embracing the intellectual pursuits of art, literature and music.
From Futurism to Future
Artistic, 9m 30s
205 performers and 24 bambolari
Direction: Enzo Cosimi
Futurist hero: Roberto Bolle
Costumes and props: Daniela Dal Cin
Segment coordinator: Nicola Tamburrano
Set machine realization: Raoul Rossigni
Music: composed and arranged by Ritchie Hawtin ("Substance Abuse" from the F.U.S.E. disc Dimension Intrusion)
The segment started with a modern ballet performance which led from a replica of Umberto Boccioni's sculpture "Unique Forms of Continuity in Space" to a celebration of Futurism.
Roberto Bolle performed as lead in the dance part. He represented the futuristic hero, dancing with other mechanical dancers to show modernity, technology, and speed.
The second part was performed by kung-fu athletes representing futuristic soldiers, while in the final section a group of bodybuilders pushed 6 motorbikes in the center of the stadium, thus emphasizing the role played by speed and technology in Futurism.
Pit Stop
Artistic, about 4m
Driver: Luca Badoer
Note: this segment was kept secret before the Ceremony and is not reported in the official programme
Italian driver Luca Badoer drove the 2005 Ferrari F2005 car bearing only the Olympic Rings, Torino 2006 name and Italian tricolore to the centre of the stadium, performing 'donuts' and revving the V10 engine for a few minutes.
Words and Symbols
Address by the President of the Organising Committee
Address by the President of the International Olympic Committee
President of the Italian Republic: Opening of the Games
Olympic Anthem
Entry of the Olympic Flag
Olympic Oath
Protocol, 20m
264 performers
Choreography: Doug Jack
Olympic flag coordinator: Nicoletta Mantovani
Protocolcoordinator: Sigrid Guillion Mangilli
Protocol segment Coordinator: Pamela Allvin
After the Parade of Nations had concluded and the athletes were gathered in the center of the stadium, two short speeches in Italian, French and English were delivered.
The first speech came from Valentino Castellani, the chief organizer of the Torino 2006 Olympic Games. He declared the industrial city "the world capital of sports" during the Olympics.
Valentino Castellani was followed by International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge, who told the Olympic athletes, "Your achievements will inspire and motivate future generations," before adding, "Please compete cleanly, without using doping." Rogge also hoped for peace during his short speech. "Our world today is in need of peace and brotherhood, the values of the Olympic Games," he said. "May these Games be held in peace in the true spirit of the Olympic Truce."
Rogge then introduced Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, who declared the games officially open.
Following the trend set from the selection of eight personalities representing the five continents and the three pillars of Olympism at the Salt Lake City Olympics Opening Ceremony, the flag was brought this time into the stadium by eight women:
Sophia Loren, Italian born actress who was the patroness of the Ceremonies;
Isabel Allende, Chilean novelist;
Nawal El Moutawakel, member of the IOC from Morocco, the first Muslim woman to win an Olympic gold medal;
Susan Sarandon, American actress and activist;
Wangari Maathai, Nobel laureate and the founder of the Kenyan Green Belt Movement;
Manuela Di Centa, Italian seven-time Nordic skiing gold medalist; She would later bestow the 50 km (Cross Country) Freestyle Gold Medal to her brother Giorgio Di Centa during the Closing Ceremony.
Maria de Lurdes Mutola, gold medalist from Mozambique;
Somaly Mam, Cambodian human rights activist.
Their walk with the flag was accompanied by Giuseppe Verdi's "Triumphant March," from Aida. The Olympic flag was then handed over to eight members of the Alpini, an Italian infantry unit, who raised the flag while the Olympic Hymn was played.
Italian skier Giorgio Rocca recited the Olympic Oath on behalf of all the athletes from the podium followed by Fabio Bianchetti from the International Skating Union reading the oath on behalf of all judges. There had been a major judging controversy in the figure skating event at the previous Winter Games.
Peace
The Dove
A Song of Peace
Protocol, 6m
40 performers
Direction and choreography: Ivan Manzoni
Segment coordinator: Vichi Lombardo
Original music: composed, arranged and orchestrated by Michele Centonze, in collaboration with Stefano Nanni
Twenty-eight acrobats climbed on a net set up on the main stage and executed their choreographed manoeuvres, spinning and flipping to the music. At the end of the routine they all came together and formed the shape of a dove, the symbol of peace, to a roaring cheer from the crowd.
Yoko Ono, dressed in white like many of the people in the ceremony (the spectators were provided with, and most wore, a white poncho, symbolizing the snow which makes the Winter Olympics possible), then entered and read a free verse poem from a prepared script calling for peace in the world. She called for "taking action" to spread peace. Ono's poem served as an introduction to a rendition of her late husband John Lennon's Imagine by Peter Gabriel.
Light the Passion
Arrival of the Flame
Lighting of the Cauldron
The Olympic System
Protocol, 6m 20s
Choreography: Doug Jack
Cauldron and torch design: Pininfarina
Original music: "Olimpia", composed, arranged and orchestrated by Michele Centonze
The Olympic Torch entered the stadium in the hand of Alberto Tomba, who then passed the flame to the hands of the 1994 men's Italian cross-country skiing relay team (Marco Albarello, Giorgio Vanzetta, Maurilio De Zolt, and Silvio Fauner). The flame was then passed to Piero Gros, then Deborah Compagnoni before the Olympic Flame was lit by former Italian cross-country skier Stefania Belmondo. Belmondo paused to show the torch to the cheering crowd one last time before placing it on the arched lighting apparatus. The flame initiated a series of fireworks before lighting the top of the 57-meter high Olympic Flame, the highest in the history of the Olympic Winter Games.
The cauldron lighting was also the first in recent memory to be lit indirectly, that is, the flame did not directly touch or travel to (such as the arrow lighting at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona) the cauldron itself. The precise timing of the pyrotechnics was obviously computer timed from the precise moment the flame touched the center frame in the center of the stadium. Because of the elaborate fireworks, it is highly unlikely the flame travelled to all the charges directly. However, it is possible that the cauldron was lit from a backup flame inside, or that an electronic signal from Belmondo's apparatus to the cauldron served as the "flame" (much like the 1976 Summer Olympics where a satellite signal carried the "flame" from Greece to Canada, though not at the opening ceremony).
Fortissimo
Allegro with Fire
Artistic, 7min
Direction: Marco Balich
Chandelier design: Jacopo Foggini
Pyrotechnical effects: Christophe Berthonneau
Segment coordinator: Vichi Lombardo
After the largest curtain yet to be built revealed him on the stage, Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti, wearing a black cape embroidered with silver Olympic rings, ended the ceremony by singing Giacomo Puccini's well-known aria Nessun Dorma from the opera Turandot, which ends with the victorious line "At dawn, I shall win!" Pavarotti's performance caused NBC Olympic commentator Brian Williams to proclaim "And the master brings the house down." Indeed, the tenor's performance received the longest and loudest ovation of the opening ceremony from the international crowd. This would prove to be Pavarotti's final public performance of his signature song.
Security measures
Security was present at the Opening Ceremony as has become the norm for the Olympics. Organizers stepped up the security measures in connection with the contemporary Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy and they insisted that the Olympic Games would be safe.
Dignitaries and other officials in attendance
Aside from celebrities participating in the ceremonies, President of the International Olympic Committee Jacques Rogge and members of the IOC, many dignitaries and officials associated with the Olympic movement were in attendance (included 13 world leaders and 2 first ladies). They included :
Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the United Nations
Jose Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission
Cherie Blair, Wife of then-British Prime Minister Tony Blair
Laura Bush, First Lady of the United States, and her daughter Barbara
Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, Organizer of the 2004 Summer Olympics
Besir Atalay, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
Harald V, King of Norway and Queen Sonja
Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden
Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark (representing the Queen of Denmark)
Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco
Henri, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Horst Köhler, Federal President of Germany
Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Prime Minister of Poland
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy
Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, Crown Prince of the Netherlands (representing the Queen of the Netherlands)
Juan Carlos I, King of Spain
Mitt Romney, Organizer of the 2002 Winter Olympics, and Governor of Massachusetts
Tarja Halonen, President of Finland and Premier Matti Vanhanen
Ivan Gasparovic, President of Slovakia
Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda
Otmar Hasler, Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
Gordon Campbell, Premier of British Columbia, host Canadian province of the 2010 Winter Olympics
Michaelle Jean, Governor General of Canada
Rita Levi-Montalcini, Nobel prize winning physiologist and Italian senator-for-life
Luca di Montezemolo, President and CEO of Ferrari and chairman of FIAT
Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was absent. However he attended the Closing Ceremony on 26 February.
See also
2006 Winter Olympics closing ceremony
References
External links
Turin 2006 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony Media Guide (as found on the Olympic Library)
Ceremony Opening
Olympics opening ceremonies
Ceremonies in Italy |
4029122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20fiscal | Southern fiscal | The southern fiscal, common fiscal or fiscal shrike (Lanius collaris) is a member of the shrike family found through most of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also sometimes named jackie hangman or butcher bird due to its habit of impaling its prey on acacia thorns to store the food for later consumption. It was previously lumped together with the northern fiscal (Lanius humeralis). Together they were known as the common fiscal.
Taxonomy
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the southern fiscal in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected from the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. He used the French name La pie-griesche du Cap de Bonne Espérance and the Latin Lanius capitis Bonae Spei. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the southern fiscal. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the current binomial name Lanius collaris and cited Brisson's work. The specific name collaris is Latin for "of the neck".
Five subspecies are recognised.
L. c. aridicolus Clancey, 1955 – south western Angola and north western Namibia (dune-fog zone of the Namib Desert)
L. c. collaris Linnaeus, 1766 – extreme southern Namibia, southern, central and eastern South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and extreme southern Mozambique (Maputo)(except the south), Zambia, northern Botswana, and possibly also extreme south western Tanzania and extreme north eastern Namibia
L. c. marwitzi Reichenow, 1901 Uhehe fiscal – north eastern, central and south eastern Tanzania, northern Malawi
L. c. pyrrhostictus Holub & Pelzeln, 1882 – extreme north eastern Botswana (around Basuto), southern Zimbabwe (south of Harare), north eastern and eastern South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga), and south western Mozambique (almost restricted to Gaza province)
L. c. subcoronatus A. Smith, 1841 – extreme south east Angola, Namibia (excluding the coastal north west and extreme south), Botswana, south western Zimbabwe, and northern South Africa (south to north western Northern Cape and central Free State)
Description
This is a fairly distinctive 21–23-cm long passerine with white underparts and black upperparts extending from the top of the head down to the tail. The bird has a characteristic white "V" on the back and a relatively long black tail with white outer feathers and white tips on the other feathers. The bill, eyes and legs are black. Adult male and female common fiscals are quite similar except for the rufous lower flank of the female.
The calls are a jumbled mix of shrike-like swizzling sounds including some imitations and a harsh Dzzzttt-dzzzt-dzzzt alarm call. Most of those calls however are either threatening or alarm calls. The species sometimes produces a surprisingly sweet, quiet song, although such song, however sweet it sounds, generally is either territorial or pair-bonding in function.
Distribution and habitat
The southern fiscal lives in a wide range of habitats from grassland with fences for perching to acacia thornveld or even woodland, but avoids very dense habitats where its hunting would be impaired.
Southern fiscals can encounter cold temperatures in the winter and in high-altitude environments. To cope with these cold temperatures, fiscal shrikes undergo seasonal changes in body temperature, oxygen consumption, and evaporative water loss in order to conserve energy. At lower altitudes, the shrikes have higher basal metabolic rates, evaporative water loss, and body temperatures compared to shrikes in higher altitude environments. In the winter, basal metabolic rate and oxygen consumption are increased while body temperature is decreased.
Behaviour
The southern fiscal is usually solitary and hunts insects and small rodents from an exposed perch or the tops of shrubs. Territorial size is directly related to the density of hunting perches. Installing more artificial perches causes the fiscal to reduce its territory size and allow more birds in the affected range.
In eastern Africa, the southern fiscal is a major predator of the plain tiger butterfly.
Along with adjusting their physiology, southern fiscals also adjust their hunting methods at different times of year in response to seasonal changes in food demand. During the summer, the shrikes hunted from an hour before sunrise to right before sunset. During the winter, hunting only occurred from daytime to sunset, so the shrikes increased their attack and capture rates, and they also captured larger prey. Prey length, handling time, and attack time increased with altitude.
References
Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey and Warwick Tarboton, SASOL Birds of Southern Africa (Struik 2002)
External links
Species text - The Atlas of Southern African Birds
Videos, photos and sounds - Internet Bird Collection
southern fiscal
Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
southern fiscal
southern fiscal |
4029124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obedience%20trial | Obedience trial | An obedience trial is a dog sport in which a dog must perfectly execute a predefined set of tasks when directed to do so by his handler. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC) obedience regulations The basic objective of obedience trials, however, is to recognize dogs that have been trained to behave in the home, in public places, and in the presence of other dogs, in a manner that will reflect credit on the sport of obedience at all times and under all conditions.
Training a dog to participate in AKC obedience trials increases a dog's understanding and reliability in responding to commands such as "sit", "down", "stay", "come", and "heel." At a trial, the dog and handler will perform various predefined obedience exercises, which will be evaluated and scored by a judge. The dog must demonstrate basic proficiency in order to receive a passing score (170 points out of a possible 200, and more than 50% of the points allocated to each exercise). A handler may choose to train for higher degrees of accuracy and style in order to receive more points. For example, on a recall, to receive a perfect score the dog must come at a trot or run directly to the handler, without sniffing or veering to one side, and sit straight in front of the handler, not at an angle or off to one side or the other.
The dog and handler teams with the four highest scores in a given class will receive placement ribbons, and sometimes additional prizes. All dogs that receive a passing, or "qualifying" score earn a "leg" towards an obedience title. When a dog has accumulated the requisite number of legs for a given title, the AKC will issue a certificate to the dog's owner recognizing that accomplishment.
Obedience competition provides an opportunity for a person and a dog to work as a highly tuned team. Training for obedience trials can provide much needed mental stimulation and physical activity for a bored housepet, and provide a fun and challenging hobby for the dog's owner.
Competition obedience exercises
The exact name and requirements of obedience exercises vary depending on who is sanctioning any given competition. However, the list of exercises below provides a general description of what a dog and handler can expect at most obedience trials.
Depending on who has sanctioned the given trial dogs are divided into classes based on their proficiency, age, or their handlers experience. Most organizations break down the dog and handler teams into novice, intermediate, and advanced classes. The American Kennel Club (AKC) calls these three classes, Novice, Open (intermediate), and Utility (advanced). The AKC then further divides these classes into "A" and "B" classes: i.e. Novice "A" or Open "B". The Novice "A" class is reserved for handlers who have never before shown a dog and earned a title in obedience. Other "A" classes have restrictions on the handler's or dog's experience.
Depending on the level of the class a dog and handler may be expected to perform as few as five specific exercises or may be required to perform several of the exercises determined at random by the judge on the day of competition.
Heel
Following the judges commands, the dog and handler team walks a predetermined pattern with the dog remaining on the handler's left side and reasonably close and attentive to the handler. The dog also must automatically sit when the judge instructs the team to halt. Each sponsoring organization has different requirements for what must be included in this exercise but generally a heeling pattern must include: a left turn, a right turn, an about turn, a fast and slow section, and a halt. Heeling is one of the most basic obedience exercises and as such it is often incorporated into other exercises such as the moving stand and the figure 8. It is also how most teams will enter and move about the ring between exercises.
Figure 8
The figure 8 exercise requires the team to heel in a figure 8 pattern either on or off leash. Generally two of the ring stewards will assist the judge with this exercise by acting as "posts", standing 8 feet apart, that the team walks around to form the loops of the figure 8.
Sit for Exam
This exercise is a modified version of the Stand for Exam. It is generally used in novice level classes and requires the handler to order the dog to sit and then to move away from the dog the length of the leash. The judge will then approach the dog and pet the dog's head.
Sit
There are many variations of this exercise because it is such a common and necessary command for a dog. Generally the handler will order the dog to sit and stay and then the judge will order the handler to walk away from the dog. Depending on the level of the competition the judge will order the handler to: walk around the ring, walk to the other side of the ring and wait for an order to return, or walk out of sight of the dog and wait for an order to return. In the later two cases the length of time before the judge orders the handler to return, and the time the dog must remain sitting, increases depending on the class the team is competing in. This exercise can also be performed in a group where as many as 10 dogs may perform the exercise simultaneously. In any case should a dog break the sit by lying down or getting up to walk around the team will usually fail the exercise and receive a non qualifying score for the class.
Down
Much like the sit exercise the down exercise is common to all levels of competition and has many variations between governing organizations. Like the sit the judge will order the handler to down and leave their dogs. The handler will then order the dog to do this and like the sit will either walk around the ring, walk to the other side of the ring and wait for an order to return, or leave the sight of the dog and wait for an order to return. Just like the sit exercise the later two requirement as well as the length of time that dog is required to remain in the down position changes as the level of competition increases. The dog is also required to remain in the down position for a longer period of time then during the sit exercise. Also, like the sit exercise, this exercise can be performed in a group and should a dog break the down position the team will usually fail the exercise and thus receive a non qualifying score for the class.
Recall
The handler leaves the dog in a sitting position at one side of the ring, walks to the opposite side, and turns to face the dog. On the judge's command, the handler calls or signals the dog to come. The dog must come directly to the handler at a brisk trot or gallop, and sit squarely in front, close enough that the handler can touch the dog's head without bending or stretching, but not between the handler's feet. On the judge's order, the handler commands or signals the dog to "finish". The dog must go briskly to the heel position and sit squarely at heel..
Drop on Recall
The handler leaves the dog as in the Recall exercise. On the judge's command, the handler calls or signals the dog to come. The dog must come directly to the handler at a brisk trot or gallop. While the dog is coming in, the judge signals, and the handler commands or signals the dog to drop (lie down). The dog must immediately assume a completely down position. The dog must hold the position until commanded or signaled to come, then complete the exercise as in the Recall.
Stand For Exam
Following the command of the judge, the handler will stand the dog and leave from heel position. The handler will go a distance of approximately 6 feet and the judge will perform a cursory exam, touching the head, shoulders and hips, and when completed the judge will instruct the handler to return. The handler will return to the dog, going around behind it, and return to heel position. A variation on this exercise is used in advanced classes called the stand for examination. At the end of the heeling pattern instead of ordering the team to halt the judge will order the handler to stand their dog. While moving the handler will give the command and the dog must immediately stop while the handler continues moving to a point about 10 feet away. The judge will then approach and perform a more thorough exam of the dog and at the completion of the exam the dog is instructed to return directly to heel position WITHOUT coming to a front.
Retrieve on the Flat
The handler stands with the dog sitting in heel position facing the open ring. On order from the judge, the handler commands and/or signals the dog to stay, then throws an approved dumbbell at least 20 feet. On the judge's order, the handler commands the dog to fetch. The dog must go straight to the dumbbell at a brisk trot or gallop, retrieve it, return directly to the handler, and sit in front of the handler. The dog must not mouth or play with the dumbbell. Upon order from the judge, the handler gives the release command and takes the dumbbell. The judge then orders the handler to have the dog assume a heeling position.
Retrieve Over High Jump (Open class)
This exercise is the same as the Retrieve on the flat, except that the handler starts by standing at least 8 feet in front of a solid jump that is as high as the dog's shoulder height. The handler throws the dumbbell over the jump. The dog must jump over the jump, retrieve the dumbbell, and return by jumping over the jump again. The remainder of the exercise is the same as the Retrieve on the Flat.
The Broad Jump
In this exercise the dog and handler will set up in heel position at least 8 feet away from the lowest board of the broad jump. On the judge's command the handler will command or signal the dog to stay in a sit, and walk away from the dog to stand facing the right side of the jump, about 2 feet from the side of the jump. The handler's left shoulder is towards the dog. The judge will command "Send your dog". The handler will command or signal the dog to jump over the broad jump. While the dog is in midair, the handler will turn 90 degrees to their right. The dog must clear all panels of the broad jump, perform a 180-degree turn and sit squarely in front of the handler. The judge will then order for the handler to finish the dog.
Directed Retrieve
Three gloves are placed across one side of the ring while the dog and handler face the other direction. Upon the judge's order, the dog and handler pivot together to face the correct glove as indicated by the judge. The dog is sent to retrieve it with a verbal command and hand signal and must retrieve ONLY the indicated glove.
Scent discrimination
The handler presents the judge with an approved set of 5 numbered metal and 5 numbered leather dumbbells referred to as articles. The judge selects one of each, placing them where the handler can reach them, and a ring steward places the rest on the floor or ground approximately 20 feet from the handler, being certain to touch each article. At this point, the dog and handler turn so they are facing away from the articles, and the handler uses his hands to scent either the metal or leather selected articles. The judge takes the scented article without touching it, and places it with the other articles. On the judge's command the handler turns and sends the dog. The dog must go directly to the articles at a brisk trot or gallop, select the article that was scented by the handler, and retrieve it. The exercise is then repeated using the remaining article of the other type.
Directed Jumping
There will be two jumps in the ring that are set 18-20 feet apart. One jump is a High jump while the other is a Bar jump. The exercise consists of two parts. Each part is identical except for use a different jump for each part. The handler will stand centered between the jumps and about twenty feet from them. On the judges command to send the dog, the handler will command and/or signal the dog to go to the other end of the ring about twenty feet past the jumps. Once the dog reaches that point, the handler will call the dog's name and give the command to sit. The dog should quickly turn to face the handler and sit facing them. The judge will then order either "Bar" or "High" jump (it is the judge's decision which jump to use first). The handler will then command and/or signal the dog to return to them over that jump. While the dog is in midair the handler may turn to face the dog. The dog should clear the jump and come sit squarely in front of the handler. The judge will then order the dog to finish and assume the heel position. The exercise is then repeated with the other jump.
For example, in the scent article exercise, the dog searches for a dumbbell that has been scented by the handler and placed within a pile of identical metal and leather dumbbells by an assistant. The dog must find the correct article based only on its unique scent and retrieve it.
Titles
Obedience Titles are awarded through several organizations. In the United States, a purebred dog recognized by the AKC can compete under AKC rules. The AKC also allows dogs registered with its Canine Partners program (mixed-breed dogs) to compete; this became effective April 1, 2010. Dogs can also earn titles in the United Kennel Club (UKC), Mixed Breed Dog Club of America (MBDCA), Service Dogs Of America (SDA), American Mixed Breed Obedience Registry (AMBOR), or Australian Shepherd Club of America (ASCA). When a dog earns a title, an abbreviation is permanently affixed as either a prefix or suffix to the dog's registered name.
The titles given by various organizations do vary, but most are similar to "CD" (Companion Dog), "CDX" (Companion Dog Excellent), "UD" (Utility Dog), "UDX" (Utility Dog Excellent), and "OTCh" (Obedience Trial Champion).
The following explanation applies to AKC competition, but also generally applies to other organizations as well. Information is taken from the AKC Obedience Regulations (amended to January 1. 2012) - see references.
Companion Dog title from Novice class
The first obedience title is a CD, or "Companion Dog", which is earned through competition in the Novice obedience class. Handlers who have never earned an obedience title or have never owned a dog with a CD title compete in the Novice A division. Handlers who have earned a CD title in the past, or who do not own the dog with whom they are competing participate in the Novice B division.
Novice Class involves 6 exercises: Heeling on leash and a Figure 8, Stand for Exam, Heel Free (off leash), Recall and Group Exercises: a 1-minute sit stay and a 1-minute down stay with dogs on leash and handlers at the end of the leash. Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) 3 times under 2 different judges in order to earn the CD title.
Companion Dog Excellent title from Open class
The second obedience title is a CDX, or "Companion Dog Excellent", which is earned through competition in the Open obedience class. Competitors are eligible for the Open class after the dog has earned the CD title from the Novice class. The "Open A" division is for competitors who have not earned an OTCh title on any dog, who own the dog, and for dogs who have not yet earned the CDX title. The "Open B" division is for competitors who have earned an OTCh title on any dog, and those dogs who already have earned their CDX title.
Open Class involves 7 exercises: Heel Free and a Figure 8 (off leash), a Drop on Recall, Retrieve on Flat, Retrieve over High Jump, Broad Jump, Command Discrimination and Stand, Stay, Get your leash. Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) 3 times under 2 different judges in order to earn the CDX title. Dogs with a CDX title may compete in the Open B division indefinitely.
Utility Dog title from Utility class
The third obedience title is a UD, or "Utility Dog", which is earned through competition in the Utility obedience class. Competitors enter the Utility Classes after completing their CDX in the Open class. Teams may enter the "Utility A" division if the handler owns the dog, has never earned an OTCh title on any dog, and does not already have a UD title on the dog with whom they are competing. The "Utility B" division is for competitors who have earned an OTCh title on any dog, and those dogs who already have earned their UD title.
Utility Class involves 6 exercises:
1st Exercise is called the Signal Exercise. The handler must give a signal (non-verbal) to the dog "to heel" as the judge gives a heeling pattern. At the end of the heeling pattern, the handler will be asked to "stand your dog, leave". The handler walks across the ring and at the judge's signal, the handler gives a signal for the dog "to down", "to sit", and "to come"; followed with "finish".
2nd & 3rd Exercises are called Scent Discrimination. A dog must retrieve a scented (handler's) metal and leather article. These are two separate exercises. The dog must be able to distinguish between the handler's scent and that of a person who has placed 8 other articles in a cluster approximately 20 feet away.
4th Exercise is the Directed Retrieve. Three gloves are placed approximately 15–20 feet away from the handler and dog. The handler must turn and face the glove that the judge has indicated and send the dog to retrieve it.
5th Exercise is The Moving Stand. The dog must heel with the handler and then is stopped in standing position. The handler must continue moving (10 feet) and turn around to face the dog. The judge "examines" the dog and instructs the handler "call your dog to heel position".
6th Exercise is Directed Jumping. It is often referred to as "go outs". The dog and handler are centered at one end of the ring. The dog is sent out and required to turn and sit approximately 20 feet beyond the high jump and bar jump. The dog is given a signal and verbal command to jump a high jump and in the second half of the exercise the dog is sent out again and must execute the other jump. It is scored as one exercise.
Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) 3 times under 2 different judges in order to earn the UD title. Dogs with a UD title may compete in the Utility B division indefinitely.
Utility Dog Excellent title
To earn the UDX, or "Utility Dog Excellent" title, a dog-and-handler team must qualify (earn 170 out of 200 points) in both the Open B and the Utility B class at a single trial to earn a leg towards the title. In most cases this effectively requires the team to qualify in both Open B and Utility B on the same day. In order to earn the title the team must do this a total of 10 times.
Obedience Trial Champion (OTCh) title
The American Kennel Club (AKC) awards an "Obedience Trial Championship" (OTCh) to the dog-and-handler team that defeats a large number of other teams in competition. The team must earn a total of 100 points, based on a rating scale distributed by the AKC. The points can only be earned by competing in either an Open B or a Utility B class. In addition, points are only awarded to dogs that placed in the top four and the number of points awarded to each dog varies depending on the size of the class. For example, a team that placed first out of 15 may only earn 4 OTCh points but a team that places first out of 50 may earn as much as 40 points. In addition to the points a team must win three first place awards - one in an Open B class, one in a Utility B class, and an additional first place win in either Open B or Utility B all under different judges.
Since a team begins accruing OTCh points by competing in any Open B or Utility B class after completing the Utility Dog title, it is possible (though not common) for a dog to earn the OTCh title before completing the Utility Dog Excellent title.
See also
Championship (dog)
Dog sports
Obedience training
World Show
Notes
References
American Kennel Club Obedience Regulations
Specifications for the organisation of the FCI IPO World Championship for Utility Dogs
Dog sports |
4029140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lespwa | Lespwa | Fwon Lespwa was a Haitian political coalition headed by René Préval, who served as president from 1996 to 2001 and from 2006 to 2011. The name Lespwa is the Haitian Creole form of the French l'espoir, meaning "hope". The coalition's full French name is Front de l'Espoir (Hope Front). Lespwa includes many members and former members of the last democratically elected government of Jean Bertrand Aristide and his Fanmi Lavalas (Waterfall Family).
USAID and the IRI attempted to form a rump Lavalas organization with Marc Bazin, but Aristide along with nearly all of Fanmi Lavalas refused to recognize Bazin's candidacy. While publicly boycotting the elections, Lavalas overwhelmingly supported the election of René Préval, which it saw as a return to peace and democracy.
At the February 2006 presidential election, Préval was the Lespwa candidate. With 90% of the vote counted by February 13, he was leading with 49% of the vote. On February 16, 2006, Préval was declared the winner with 51.21% of the vote, once a number of uncounted voters were tabulated. Supporters of Lespwa found a massive dump of burned charred voting cards marked for Preval. A massive persecution upon supporters of the ousted Aristide government by the illegal interim government of Gerard Latortue preceded the 2006 election cycle. The party won in the 7 February 2006 Senate elections 18.9% of the popular vote and 13 out of 30 Senators and 23 out of 99 deputies in the Chamber of Deputies election. Lespwa's parliamentary caucus formed part of the governing coalition under Jacques-Édouard Alexis, but soon formed a political alliance, the Coalition of Progressive Parliamentarians, that filed a motion of no confidence in Alexis' government during the 2008 food crisis. It has since rejected two of Preval's nominees for prime minister; through the electoral alliance, Lespwa's leaders have gained a majority in the Chamber.
Lespwa was disbanded in November 2009 in favor of Unity (Inite), the successor of many pro-Préval supporters, including factions from other parties.
References
External links
Préval Shoo-in for Haiti President
Préval declared winner in Haiti
Defunct political parties in Haiti
Defunct political party alliances
Democratic socialist parties in North America
Haitian nationalism
Left-wing nationalist parties
Political party alliances in Haiti
Socialism in Haiti |
4029147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-colonialism | Anti-colonialism | {{safesubst:#invoke:RfD||2=Anti-Colonialism|month = June
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4029148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t%20No%20Magic%20Mountain%20High%20Enough | Ain't No Magic Mountain High Enough | "Ain't No Magic Mountain High Enough" is the thirteenth episode of the second season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars, and the thirty-fifth episode overall. Written by Diane Ruggiero and directed by Guy Bee, the episode premiered on UPN on February 8, 2006.
The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Veronica is called on to investigate when someone steals $12,000 worth of school trip money at the winter carnival. Meanwhile, Terrence Cook (Jeffrey Sams) talks to Keith (Enrico Colantoni) about his recent questioning related to the bus crash, and Logan (Jason Dohring) flirts with a girl named Hannah (Jessy Schram).
Synopsis
It is winter carnival, and Veronica helps out to raise money for the senior trip. She is sarcastically confronted by JD, the runner-up to the Kane scholarship, and Madison Sinclair. Jackie (Tessa Thompson) is harassed by Neptune High students in the aftermath of her father being taken in for questioning on the bus crash. Keith is approached by Terrence, who asks him for help. At the winter carnival, Logan talks to Veronica sarcastically. Dick (Ryan Hansen) and Logan spot Mac (Tina Majorino) and Beaver (Kyle Gallner) holding hands. A group of streakers causes a ruckus, causing Mrs. Hauser to leave the cash box with Veronica. When Mrs. Hauser returns to gather the box, it has been stolen from the cabinet where Veronica left it. Mrs. Hauser states there is $12,000 in the cash box, and without the money, there will be no senior trip. Veronica and the faculty start looking for the box, and Madison blames Jackie, without any evidence. Logan flirts with a girl, Hannah, at the carnival. Veronica angers Weevil by searching his 6-year-old niece's backpack. Keith continues his talk with Terrence, who asks Keith to prove his innocence. Jackie borrows a screwdriver from Beaver, but Veronica finds it was to scrape off hurtful graffiti. Jackie willingly enters the dunk tank at the carnival so that the others can express their anger at her.
Keith tells Terrence that he is a major fan of his before questioning Terrence about his relationship with Ms. Dumas, the journalism teacher. At the winter carnival, Wallance intentionally misses during his turn at the dunk tank. Dick makes fun of Beaver and Mac. Logan continues to flirt with Hannah. Veronica asks for the ball pit to be dumped as part of her investigation, but nothing is found. Incomplete footage of the time the box was stolen is found leading to several suspects being rounded up, including Dick, JD, Weevil, Madison, and Jackie. Beaver and Mac plan revenge on Dick. Terrence elaborates on his relationship with Ms. Dumas, during which she told Terrence's fiancee about their affair. Weevil tells Veronica that everyone who takes auto shop has a copy of the key to unlock the shop. Principal Clemmons and Veronica search lockers and find $3,000 dollars and a bag of pills in one locker. The owner of the locker is revealed to be Thumper.
One of the items in Thumper’s locker has a series of numbers on it, which Veronica recognizes to be license plates. While photocopying the item she discovers a page from Mrs. Hauser's test still in the copier. Back in Principal Clemmon's office Mrs. Hauser and Principal Clemmons apologize to Jackie. Veronica takes JD aside and threatens to reveal he is a member of the Tritons unless he confesses to stealing the test, which he agrees to. Veronica then proves that Mrs. Hauser was skimming from the cash box before it was stolen, recovering $6,000. Dick unsuccessfully hits on Madison before approaching an attractive woman claiming to be a student's step-mom and getting in her car. Logan kisses Hannah as her ride pulls up. It is shown that Hannah's father is Dr. Griffin. It's revealed the woman Dick got in the car with is a transgender sex worker hired by Beaver and Mac as a prank. He almost punches Beaver but eventually backs off. Keith tells Terrence he can't take the case, as Terrence isn't being honest with him. Terrance confesses the extent of his gambling problem, admitting that he rigged a game to get out of debt. Keith is angry at him, but now agrees to take his case, believing that he didn’t kill anyone. Veronica observes Weevil arrive at school in a car, and tells him that she knows he stole the cashbox, keeping $3,000 and using the other $3,000 to frame Thumper.
Cultural references
A variety of cultural references are made in the episode:
The senior class wants to go to Six Flags Magic Mountain and ride on Batman: The Ride.
Dick references O. J. Simpson and Claim Jumper.
Jackie sarcastically references Grease while talking to Madison.
Veronica jokingly compares the carnival to Noah's Ark.
Logan references Jerry Maguire.
Dick compares Mac to "that chick from Ghost World.
Veronica paraphrases a line from The Breakfast Club.
Weevil's niece wears a The Powerpuff Girls backpack.
Terrence compares his relationship to Ms. Dumas to the main relationship in Fatal Attraction.
Veronica talks to Weevil about both versions of The Thomas Crown Affair (both the 1968 version and the 1999 remake).
Arc significance
Sheriff Lamb thinks that Terrence Cook planted an explosive device on the bus and detonated it with a cell phone.
Terrence asks Keith to take his case and prove that he didn't blow up the bus.
Terrence admits that he was in a relationship with the journalism teacher, Ms. Dumas, but she turned into a stalker and told Terrence's fiancée about the affair, causing her to break off the engagement.
Keith gets Terrence to also admit that he has a gambling problem and threw a very important ALCS game to pay off a multi-million dollar debt. Two of the Fitzpatricks broke into his house to talk to him about his debt to them and Ms. Dumas overheard them. She told Terrence that she would go public with the story if he ever left her.
Logan meets and begins dating Hannah Griffith.
Veronica finds a wooden paddle in Thumper's locker with what appears to be license plate numbers carved into it. She makes a copy of it.
Production
The episode was written by Diane Ruggiero and directed by Guy Bee, marking Ruggiero's tenth writing credit and Bee's third and final directing credit for the show. "Ain't No Magic Mountain High Enough" marks the first appearance of the recurring character of Hannah Griffith (Jessy Schram), a love interest for Logan. On her role in the show, Schram commented "This was the first time I got to guest star and be part of a show. So going down to San Diego was an experience on its own, but it was a very clean, fresh set, that set. And the people were all so nice. Kristen definitely set the bar of just being so sweet and supportive. It really did feel like we were all part of a little Breakfast Club that was down there doing it." The episode's title refers to the Motown song by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell called "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" as well as Six Flags Magic Mountain.
Reception
Ratings
In its original broadcast, the episode received 2.05 million viewers, marking a decrease in .07 million viewers from the previous episode, "Rashard and Wallace Go to White Castle".
Reviews
The episode was critically acclaimed. Television Without Pity gave the episode an "A". Rowan Kaiser, writing for The A.V. Club, gave a glowing review, highlighting the character development (particularly of Jackie) and the narrative structure of the episode. "That form also means there's a conceptual bottle episode…Although usually the bottle episode is done to save money, something I doubt is the case with "Magic Mountain" and its big set and array of guest stars, it still has those strengths." Summing up his review, the reviewer wrote, " 'Ain't No Magic Mountain High Enough" did pretty much everything I wanted from a Veronica Mars episode. It moved the main plot forward, it had a fun case of the week, and the characters work was magnificent on multiple fronts."
Price Peterson of TV.com also gave a positive review, writing that "This episode was jam-packed with plotlines! I liked that it unfolded in more or less the same location and in something closer to real-time than usual. Add to that some surprising twists plus the righteous downfall of Neptune High's most loathsome teacher, and this episode just worked."
References
External links
"Ain't No Magic Mountain High Enough" at Mars Investigations
2006 American television episodes
Veronica Mars (season 2) episodes |
4029156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosslea | Rosslea | Rosslea or Roslea () is a small village in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, near the border with County Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland. It stands on the Finn River and is beset by small natural lakes. Roslea Forest, also known as Spring Grove Forest, is nearby. In the 2011 Census it had a population of 528 people.
History
Rosslea was one of several Catholic border villages in Fermanagh that would have been transferred to the Irish Free State had the recommendations of the Irish Boundary Commission been enacted in 1925.
For more information see The Troubles in Rosslea, which includes a list of incidents in Roslea during the Troubles (1960s–1990s).
Transport
Ulsterbus route 95C provides a commuter service to Enniskillen with one journey to the county town in the morning returning in the evening. There is no service on Saturdays and Sundays. Onward connections are available at Enniskillen. Due to proposed cuts to bus services route 95C may be withdrawn in 2015.
Sport
The local Gaelic football club is Roslea Shamrocks, founded in 1888, they are the third most successful club in County Fermanagh (after Teemore Shamrocks and Lisnaskea Emmetts).
2001 Census
Roslea is classified as a small village or hamlet by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (i.e. with population between 500 and 1,000 people).
On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 554 people living in Roslea. Of these:
25.0% were aged under 16 years and 16.8% were aged 60 and over
46.8% of the population were male and 53.3% were female
97.5% were from a Catholic background and 2.0% were from a Protestant background
10.6% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed
2011 Census
On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Rosslea Settlement was 528 accounting for 0.03% of the NI total.
99.43% were from the white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic group;
93.18% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 5.11% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion; and
6.82% indicated that they had a British national identity, 66.86% had an Irish national identity and 23.11% had a Northern Irish national identity*.
Respondents could indicate more than one national identity
On Census Day 27 March 2011, in Rosslea Settlement, considering the population aged 3 years old and over:
29.53% had some knowledge of Irish;
0.39% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots; and
4.13% did not have English as their first language.
Education
St Eugene's College
References
External links
Enniskillen.com
Culture Northern Ireland
Villages in County Fermanagh
Townlands of County Fermanagh |
4029167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticolonialism | Anticolonialism | {{safesubst:#invoke:RfD||2=Anti-Colonialism|month = June
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}} |
4029168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Story | Filmfare Award for Best Story | The Filmfare Award for Best Story is given by Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to recognise a writer who wrote a film's story.
List of winners
1950s
1955 Mukhram Sharma – Aulad
1956 Rajinder Singh Bedi – Garam Coat
Manoranjan Ghose – Jagriti
Mukhram Sharma – Vachan
1957 Amiya Chakrabarty – Seema
1958 Akhtar Mirza – Naya Daur
1959 Mukhram Sharma – Sadhna
Mukhram Sharma – Talaaq
Ritwik Ghatak – Madhumati
1960s
1960 Subodh Ghosh – Sujata
Dhruva Chatterjee – Chirag Kahan Roshni Kahan
Mukhram Sharma – Dhool Ka Phool
1961 Ruby Sen – Masoom
Saghir Usmani – Chaudhvin Ka Chand
Salil Chowdhury – Parakh
1962 C. V. Sridhar – Nazrana
C. J. Pavri – Kanoon
Mohan Kumar – Aas Ka Panchhi
1963 K.P. Kottarakara – Rakhi
Bimal Mitra – Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam
Jawar N. Sitaraman – Main Chup Rahungi
1964 Jarasandha – Bandini
B.R. Films (Story Dept.) – Gumrah
C. V. Sridhar – Dil Ek Mandir
1965 Ban Bhatt – Dosti
Inder Raj Anand – Sangam
Khwaja Ahmad Abbas - Shehar Aur Sapna
1966 Akhtar Mirza – Waqt
Gulshan Nanda – Kaajal
Ramanand Sagar – Arzoo
1967 R. K. Narayan – Guide
Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Anupama
Nihar Ranjan Gupta – Mamta
1968 Manoj Kumar – Upkaar
Ashapoorna Devi – Mehrban
Protiva Bose – Aasra
1969 Sachin Bhowmick – Brahmachari
Gulshan Nanda – Neel Kamal
Ramanand Sagar – Aankhen
1970s
1970 Vasant Kanetkar – Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool
Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Aashirwad
Sachin Bhowmick – Aradhana
1971 Chandrakant Kakodkar – Do Raaste
Gulshan Nanda – Khilona
Sachin Bhowmick – Pehchan
1972 Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Anand
Gulshan Nanda – Kati Patang
Gulshan Nanda – Naya Zamana
1973 Basu Bhattacharya – Anubhav
Manoj Kumar – Shor
1974 Salim–Javed – Zanjeer
Gulzar – Koshish
Khwaja Ahmad Abbas – Achanak
Mulraj Rajda – Aaj Ki Taaza Khabar
Shakti Samanta – Anuraag
1975 Kaifi Azmi, Ismat Chughtai – Garm Hava
Ashutosh Mukhopadhyay – Kora Kagaz
Manoj Kumar – Roti Kapda Aur Makaan
N. T. Rama Rao – Bidaai
Shyam Benegal – Ankur
1976 Salim–Javed – Deewaar
Kamleshwar – Aandhi
Salim–Javed – Sholay
Shaktipada Rajguru – Amanush
Vijay Tendulkar – Nishant
1977 Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay – Arjun Pandit
Ashapoorna Devi – Tapasya
Gulshan Nanda – Mehbooba
Kamleshwar – Mausam
Pamela Chopra – Kabhi Kabhie
1978 Sharat Chandra Chatterji – Swami
Asrani – Chala Murari Hero Banne
Bhusan Bangali – Kinara
Raju Saigal – Doosra Aadmi
Shanker Shesh – Gharaonda
1979 Dinesh Thakur – Ghar
Chandrakant Kakodkar – Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki
Laxmikant Sharma – Muqaddar Ka Sikandar
Salim–Javed – Trishul
Samaresh Basu – Kitaab
1980s
1980 Shanker Shesh – Dooriyaan
K. Viswanath – Sargam
Sailesh Dey – Gol Maal
Salim–Javed – Kaala Patthar
Ruskin Bond – Junoon
1981 Vijay Tendulkar – Aakrosh
D. N. Mukherjee – Khubsoorat
Esmayeel Shroff – Thodisi Bewafaii
Ram Kalkar – Aasha
Shabd Kumar – Insaaf Ka Tarazu
1982 Chetan Anand – Kudrat
Jaywant Dalvi – Chakra
K. Balachander – Ek Duuje Ke Liye
Leela Phansalkar – Baseraa
Shyam Benegal, Girish Karnad – Kalyug
1983 Samaresh Basu – Namkeen
Achla Nagar – Nikaah
Kamna Chandra – Prem Rog
Sagar Sarhadi – Bazaar
Salim–Javed – Shakti
1984 S. D. Panvalkar – Ardh Satya
Balu Mahendra – Sadma
Javed Akhtar – Betaab
Mahesh Bhatt – Arth
Mohan Kumar – Avtaar
1985 Mahesh Bhatt – Saaransh
Gyav Dev Agnihotri – Ghar Ek Mandir
Javed Akhtar – Mashaal
Shabd Kumar – Aaj Ki Awaaz
Sudhir Mishra – Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho!
1986 Aleem Masroor – Tawaif
C. T. Khanolkar – Ankahee
Javed Akhtar – Arjun
K. K. Singh – Ram Teri Ganga Maili
Mahesh Bhatt – Janam
Rajan Roy – Saaheb
1987 Not Awarded
1988 Not Awarded
1989 Subodh Ghosh – Ijaazat
1990s
1990 K. Vishwanath – Eeshwar Aditya Bhattacharya – Raakh
J. P. Dutta – Batwara
Joy Augustine – Goonj
1991 Rajkumar Santoshi – Ghayal 1992 Honey Irani – Lamhe Ramapada Chowdhury – Ek Doctor Ki Maut
Sai Paranjpye – Disha
Sujit Sen, Nana Patekar – Prahaar: The Final Attack
1993 Not Awarded 1994 Sutanu Gupta – Damini – Lightning 1995 K.K. Singh – Krantiveer 1996 Ram Gopal Varma – Rangeela 1997 Gulzar – Maachis 1998 Kamal Haasan – Virasat 1999 Mahesh Bhatt – Zakhm2000s
2000 Vinay Shukla – Godmother 2001 Honey Irani – Kya Kehna 2002 Ashutosh Gowariker – Lagaan 2003 Jaideep Sahni – Company 2004 Nagesh Kukunoor – 3 Deewarein 2005 Aditya Chopra – Veer-Zaara 2006 Sudhir Mishra, Ruchi Narain, Shiv Kumar Subramaniam – Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi 2007 Rajkumar Hirani, Vidhu Vinod Chopra – Lage Raho Munna Bhai Jaideep Sahni – Khosla Ka Ghosla
Kamlesh Pandey – Rang De Basanti
Karan Johar - Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna
Kersi Khambatta – Being Cyrus
Mahesh Bhatt – Gangster
2008 Amol Gupte – Taare Zameen Par Jaideep Sahni – Chak De! India
Mani Ratnam – Guru
Rahul Dholakia, David N. Donihue – Parzania
Vibha Singh – Dharm2009 Abhishek Kapoor – Rock On!!Aseem Arora – Heroes
Dibakar Banerjee, Urmi Juvekar – Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!
Neeraj Pandey – A Wednesday
Santosh Sivan – Tahaan
2010s2010 Abhijat Joshi, Rajkumar Hirani – 3 IdiotsAnurag Kashyap, Aparna Malhotra, Raj Singh Chaudhary, Sanjay Maurya – Gulaal
Imtiaz Ali – Love Aaj Kal
Jaideep Sahni – Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year
Zoya Akhtar – Luck By Chance
2011 Anurag Kashyap, Vikramaditya Motwane – Udaan 2012 Sanjay Chauhan – I Am Kalam Akshat Verma – Delhi Belly
Amol Gupte – Stanley Ka Dabba
Rajat Arora – The Dirty Picture
Reema Kagti, Zoya Akhtar – Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
2013 Juhi Chaturvedi - Vicky Donor 2014 Subhash Kapoor - Jolly LLB 2015 Rajat Kapoor – Ankhon DekhiAnurag Kashyap - Ugly
Imtiaz Ali - Highway
Nitin Kakkar - Filmistaan
Rajkumar Hirani and Abhijat Joshi - PK
2016 V. Vijayendra Prasad – Bajrangi BhaijaanJuhi Chaturvedi - Piku
Olivia Stewart - Titli
R. Balki - Shamitabh
Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay - Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!
2017 Shakun Batra, Ayesha Devitre Dhillon – Kapoor & Sons.
2018 Amit V Masurkar - NewtonAmit Joshi – Trapped
Rahul Dahiya – G Kutta Se
Shanker Raman and Sourabh Ratnu – Gurgaon
Shubhashish Bhutiani – Mukti Bhawan
Suresh Triveni – Tumhari Sulu
2019 Anubhav Sinha – Mulk Anudeep Singh – Mukkabaaz
Raj and DK – Stree
Sharat Katariya – Sui Dhaaga
Akshat Ghildial, Shantanu Srivastava and Jyoti Kapoor – Badhaai Ho (Withdrawn)2020s
2020 Anubhav Sinha, Gaurav Solanki - Article 15 Abhishek Chaubey, Sudip Sharma - Sonchiriya
Jagan Shakti - Mission Mangal
Nitesh Tiwari, Piyush Gupta and Nikhil Mehrotra - Chhichhore
Vasan Bala - Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota
Zoya Akhtar, Reema Kagti - Gully Boy
2021 Anubhav Sinha, Mrunmayee Lagoo Waikul - Thappad' Rohena Gera - Sir Hardik Mehta - Kaamyaab Rajesh Krishnan, Kapil Sawant - Lootcase Juhi Chaturvedi - Gulabo Sitabo
Shubham - Eeb Allay Ooo!''
See also
Cinema of India
References
External links
Filmfare Awards Best Story
Filmfare Awards Best Short Films
Story |
4029181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delal%20Bridge | Delal Bridge | Delal, Zakho Bridge, Pira Delal or Pirdí Delal ("The Bridge Delal" in Kurdish), informally known also as Pira Berî, is an ancient stone bridge over the Khabur river in the town of Zakho, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The bridge is about 115 metres long and 16 metres high.
Etymology
The term pir means "bridge" and delal means "dear or beautiful" in Kurdish, "Pira Delal" means "beautiful bridge" (though not in an aesthetic sense, but more of something that's unique). The name reflects the way the bridge is seen among the local people as well as tourists. The bridge was named Delal and the city of Zakho is called Zakhoka Delal (Delal's Zakho) in the honor of Delal, a heroine figure associated with a myth regarding the origins of the bridge (see below).
History
Pira Delal is believed to have been first built during the Roman era, while the present structure appears to be from the Abbasic era. Kurdish people all over Kurdistan visit the great Pira Delal as a monument of peace and enjoyment with the family. One of the legends regarding construction of the bridge relates that the hands of the builder were amputated to ensure that the bridge would remain unique.
Legend
According to a common myth associated with the bridge, the prince of Bohtan had ordered a skilled constructor to build him a bridge on the Tigris river. Once the bridge was complete, the prince chopped off the right hand of the builder as a reward for the good work he had done on the bridge, and so that he may never build another bridge that was as well-crafted as anywhere else. When the builder arrived in Zakho city, the mayor of the city requested the builder to build a bridge that will connect the two sides of the Khabur river that goes to Zakho. The builder accepted the request in spite of the Bohtan prince who had cut off his right hand. When the builder got to the middle part of the bridge, it would always collapse. To solve this, one of the fortune tellers in the city notified the builder that he should bury whoever sets foot on the bridge first, man or beast, under it as a sacrifice.
A day later, the builder's niece Delal was fetching him his lunch with her dog. The builder was initially content because the dog was running in front of his niece and thus he thought that the dog will be the first to step on the bridge. However though, as soon as they approached the bridge, the dog stopped and got busy sniffing, so Delal stepped on the bridge first. As the builder saw Delal reaching the bridge first he went into shock and fainted for a brief period of time. After regaining his consciousness, the builder told Delal about the story of the bridge. Delal informed the builder that she is ready to sacrifice her life for her city. So the builder ultimately buried her under the bridge. When Delal's husband arrived to the city after knowing what had happened, he took a pick axe and started digging under the bridge. While he was digging, he heard his buried wife Delal's muffled voice commanding him to refrain from digging and that he is physically hurting her with his digging, declaring that she wants to keep holding this bridge together with her arms and to stay there for all eternity. He eventually ceased and accepted her fate.
Since then the inhabitants would grow two lengthy plants in one of the gaps between the stones on one side of the bridge, and would think of them as Delal's hair braids.
See also
List of Roman bridges
References
Abbasid architecture
Bridges in Iraq
Roman bridges
Zakho |
4029188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methye%20Portage | Methye Portage | The Methye Portage or Portage La Loche in northwestern Saskatchewan was one of the most important portages in the old fur trade route across Canada. The portage connected the Mackenzie River basin to rivers that ran east to the Atlantic. It was reached by Peter Pond in 1778 and abandoned in 1883 when steamboats began running on the Athabasca River with links to the railroad. It ranks with Grand Portage as one of the two most important and difficult portages used during the fur trade era.
'Methye' is Cree and 'La Loche' is French for a fish that is called 'burbot' in English. Although 'Methye Portage' is often used the official name since 1957 is Portage La Loche. Both names are used in historical documents, books and journals. Alexander Mackenzie in his book "Voyages from Montreal" used both Portage la Loche and Mithy-Ouinigam Portage (in 1789–1793).
History
The Methye Portage had been in use by indigenous peoples as a trade route for generations. They introduced it to Peter Pond in 1778. Although Anthony Henday had come within sight of the Rocky Mountains in 1754 by overland routes to the south, the advance of western exploration was limited until this fur trade transportation route to the Athabasca opened. The portage was in constant use until 1883 when the Canadian Pacific Railway reached Calgary ending more than 100 years as the main access to the north. From the winter of 1822, York boats came into use on this route in addition to canoes. Furs were transported up the Clearwater River by crews who would bring them to the centre of the portage, where they would be picked up by crews from Norway House for that portion of their transport.
It also allowed for the spread of smallpox to previously untouched indigenous populations, decimating them in a matter of years.
The Methye Portage was also used by Sir Alexander Mackenzie on his exploratory expedition to the west coast, an expedition which reached the Pacific Ocean in 1793, fully 12 years before the more famous Lewis and Clark Expedition.
From 1826 to the early 1870s the Portage La Loche Brigade from Fort Garry arrived at the Portage in July. This famous brigade of York boats would then return via Norway House and York Factory to the Red River Settlement; a round trip. For a number of years this brigade was under the leadership of Alexis Bonami.
Missionary activity
After the first Oblates opened a mission in Île-à-la-Crosse in 1846 a Catholic priest was usually present when the brigades arrived at the portage. They were well received by the French Métis from the Red River Colony and by the Chipewyan. Father Émile Petitot describes his reception in 1862.
In July 1845 Louis Laferte dit Schmidt, who was born on December 4, 1844 at Old Fort near
Fort Chipewyan, was baptised at Methye Portage by Father Jean-Baptiste Thibault. Another noted baptism at Methye Portage was Francois Beaulieu who was baptised in 1848 by Bishop Alexandre-Antonin Taché.
Route
The trade route began on Lake Winnipeg and ran west up the Saskatchewan River to Cumberland House, Saskatchewan north up the Sturgeon-Weir River, across Frog Portage to the Churchill River, west up the Churchill past the depot on Lac Île-à-la-Crosse, through Peter Pond Lake to Lac La Loche. The portage proper, which is long, began at Wallis Bay on the north side of Lac La Loche. The path ascends slowly for to the small Rendezvous Lake. Here, crews coming from the north and south would exchange their loads. Different boats were used on the two sides of the portage and were rarely carried across it. The path ascends slowly from Rendezvous Lake until there is suddenly a view of the Clearwater River valley and the path descends about in to the Clearwater. The altitude of Lac La Loche is about , Rendezvous Lake about and the Clearwater about . This section is so steep that sledges, horses and oxen were used. The portage road, which is wide enough for a wagon, is still visible. Having used the portage to reach the Mackenzie River basin, the route went west down the Clearwater River to the modern Fort McMurray and then north down Athabasca River to Fort Chipewyan and beyond.
Staging area
For two weeks every July the south end of the portage was the main staging area for transferring freight from each end of the trail.
In 1862 there were 400 people at the portage according to Father Émile Petitot. There were the two Portage La Loche brigades with 7 boats each and the Athabasca and Mackenzie brigades with 5 boats each. They had 225 men as crew and over 30 passengers.
One canot du nord arrived with a crew of 6-8 Iroquois and two passengers. Dene residents from the surrounding area were camped at the portage in a tipi village of 150 people. The Hudson's Bay Company had 10 employees at the fort who maintained the transportation depots at each end of the portage and brought in horses, oxen and carts for the season.
Petitot wrote "While there were no more than 400 people gathered at the time on the south side of the portage they gave us a little understanding of the confusion of languages at the Tower of Babel. There were people from French Canada, Scotland, Orkney, England, Norway. There were Woodland Cree, Swampy Cree, Chippewa, Chipewyan, Beaver and Métis of all kinds. Grouard and I represented the French." (translation).
Portage trail
Names were given to different locations on the Portage trail by the fur brigades. On the table starting from the south end are some of the names in French and their translation.
These resting places were measured in paces wrote Sir John Richardson in 1848. From the Tail of La Loche to Little Old Man the distance was 2,557 paces. Another 3,171 paces led to Fountain of Sand and so on. The total number of paces from the Tail of La Loche to The Meadow is 24,593 or 1,294 paces per kilometre.
Most of these resting places on the Portage have not yet been identified. Under ideal conditions is walked at an easy pace in about 4 hours.
Cemetery
Along the Portage Trail there were marked graves from the fur trade era according to the following Oblate account written in 1933 by Father Louis Moraud.
National historic site
The Methye Portage was designated a National Historic Site in 1933 and the Clearwater River was designated a Canadian Heritage River in 1986. Today the Methye Portage and the Saskatchewan portion of the Clearwater River are within the Clearwater River Provincial Park.
A bronze plaque is set in a stone cairn at the entrance to the portage. The dedication is written in French and English. The English version is quoted:
See also
Canadian canoe routes
Continental Divide
References
Eric W. Morse, "Fur Trade Canoe Routes of Canada, Then and Now",1984
External links
South end of Portage
Rendezvous Lake near centre of Methye Portage
North end of Portage
Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
Portages in Canada
Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
Historic trails and roads in Saskatchewan |
4029190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSTZ | KSTZ | KSTZ (102.5 FM, "Star 102.5") is a commercial FM radio station in Des Moines, Iowa. The station airs a hot adult contemporary radio format. KSTZ is part of Saga Communications' Des Moines Radio Group, with studios located on Locust Street in Des Moines.
KSTZ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 92,000 watts (100,000 watts with beam tilt). The transmitter is located off Ankeny Boulevard (U.S. Route 69) near Alleman. KSTZ broadcasts in the HD Radio format. The HD2 subchannel carries a classic country format known as "93.7 The Outlaw - Legends and Young Guns", which is also relayed on 250-watt translator station K229CC, at 93.7 MHz.
History
The station signed on the air in 1970 as KRNT-FM. It was the FM counterpart to KRNT (AM 1350). Both stations were owned by the Cowles family, publishers of the Des Moines Register. During those early years, Drake-Chenault's automated "Hit Parade" format was aired.
In 1974, the station became KRNQ ("Q-102"). That year, Cowles sold KRNQ and KRNT (AM) to Stauffer Communications of Topeka, Kansas. The two stations were sold to Saga Communications in August 1988. KRNQ was originally an automated Top 40 station. In January 1976, KRNQ began airing American Top 40 with Casey Kasem, and then Shadoe Stevens, until April 1989. In 1984, the automation ended and the station began using local DJs. By the end of the 1980s, KRNQ was at or near the top of the local Arbitron ratings.
In 1991, due to Saga's desire to reach older listeners, Q102's youthful Top 40 format was changed to a slightly older Hot Adult Contemporary format and was known as "Q102/KRNQ, Today's Hits and Yesterday's Favorites." KRNQ promised to play no rap (even though it was rarely played on the station after Saga's purchase in 1988) and no hard rock, both of which were very much a part of popular music at the time. This format change left Des Moines with no contemporary hits outlet for nine years, until KKDM's flip from Alternative to Top 40/CHR in 1999. KRNQ became KSTZ on June 25, 1993. (The KRNQ call letters are now used for a station in Keokuk, Iowa.)
When the station reimaged itself to adult contemporary in 1993, the positioning statement the station used was "Superstars of the 70s, 80s and 90s" (with the 'STZ' in the call letters forming an abbreviation for 'stars'). The station later switched to "The Best Variety of the 80s, 90s and Today." In 2001, the station began using the current positioning statement of "Today's Best Variety," returning to a Hot AC direction. With KKDM becoming more of a factor since its 1999 debut, KSTZ has adjusted its playlist and adopted an Adult Top 40 format by adding a limited amount of adult-friendly rhythmic music with artists such Rihanna and The Black Eyed Peas in the mix.
Popular Contests
Pick Your Purse
Each Fall since 2005, the station has given away designer purses with the "Pick Your Purse" contest. Listeners enter on the station's website, then listen for their name to be read on the air. Once it is read, the listener has 10 minutes to call the station to claim the prize. The winner is allowed to pick from a selection of purses available on the station's website.
Secret Sounds of Summer
Listeners compete to guess the identity of a specific sound aired on the station. Correct guesses are awarded a cash prize and generally qualify for an opportunity to win a car.
Christmas Wish
One of the station's longest running promotions, listeners write in asking for whatever they would want for holidays. Selected winners are called by station personalities and awarded prizes.
Brenda Schmitz Christmas Wish
In 2013, a Christmas Wish was received by the station from Brenda Schmitz. Brenda wrote the Christmas Wish in August 2011, one month before she died from ovarian cancer at the age of 46. She asked her friend to send her wish to the radio station once her husband, David, had found a new partner to help take care of their four sons. The wish went viral around the world and was picked up by many news outlets including CNN, Yahoo!, The Huffington Post, and Mashable, among others. The wish was for David and his new wife to take their sons to Disney World in Florida as well as other gifts for the family.
References
External links
Star 102.5 Website
Des Moines Radio Group: KSTZ
Des Moines Broadcasting KRNQ Website
Hot adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
STZ
Radio stations established in 1970
1970 establishments in Iowa |
4029204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liddle%27s%20syndrome | Liddle's syndrome | Liddle's syndrome, also called Liddle syndrome, is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant manner that is characterized by early, and frequently severe, high blood pressure associated with low plasma renin activity, metabolic alkalosis, low blood potassium, and normal to low levels of aldosterone. Liddle syndrome involves abnormal kidney function, with excess reabsorption of sodium and loss of potassium from the renal tubule, and is treated with a combination of low sodium diet and potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g. amiloride). It is extremely rare, with fewer than 30 pedigrees or isolated cases having been reported worldwide as of 2008.
Signs and symptoms
Children with Liddle syndrome are frequently asymptomatic. The first indication of the syndrome often is the incidental finding of hypertension during a routine physical exam. Because this syndrome is rare, it may only be considered by the treating physician after the child's hypertension does not respond to medications for lowering blood pressure.
Adults could present with nonspecific symptoms of low blood potassium, which can include weakness, fatigue, palpitations or muscular weakness (shortness of breath, constipation/abdominal distention or exercise intolerance). Additionally, long-standing hypertension could become symptomatic.
Cause
This syndrome is caused by dysregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) due to a genetic mutation at the 16p13-p12 locus. These channels are found on the surface of epithelial cells found in the kidneys, lungs, and sweat glands. The ENaC transports sodium into cells. The mutation changes a domain in the channel so it is no longer degraded correctly by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Specifically, the PY motif in the protein is deleted or altered so the E3 ligase (Nedd4) no longer recognizes the channel. This loss of ability to be degraded leads to high amounts of the channel being chronically present in the collecting duct. This results in a hyperaldosteronism-like state, since aldosterone is typically responsible for creating and inserting these channels. The increased sodium resorption leads to increased resorption of water, and hypertension due to an increase in extracellular volume.
Diagnosis
Evaluation of a child with persistent high blood pressure usually involves analysis of blood electrolytes and an aldosterone level, as well as other tests. In Liddle's disease, the serum sodium is typically elevated, the serum potassium is reduced, and the serum bicarbonate is elevated. These findings are also found in hyperaldosteronism, another rare cause of hypertension in children. Primary hyperaldosteronism (also known as Conn's syndrome), is due to an aldosterone-secreting adrenal tumor (adenoma) or adrenal hyperplasia. Aldosterone levels are high in hyperaldosteronism, whereas they are low to normal in Liddle syndrome.
A genetic study of the ENaC sequences can be requested to detect mutations (deletions, insertions, missense mutations) and get a diagnosis.
Treatment
The treatment is with a low sodium (low salt) diet and a potassium-sparing diuretic that directly blocks the sodium channel. Potassium-sparing diuretics that are effective for this purpose include amiloride and triamterene; spironolactone is not effective because it acts by regulating aldosterone and Liddle syndrome does not respond to this regulation. Amiloride is the only treatment option that is safe in pregnancy. Medical treatment usually corrects both the hypertension and the hypokalemia, and as a result these patients may not require any potassium replacement therapy.
Liddle syndrome resolves completely after kidney transplantation.
History
It is named after Dr. Grant Liddle (1921–1989), an American endocrinologist at Vanderbilt University, who described it in 1963. Liddle described the syndrome in a family of people exemplifying a heritable, autosomal dominant hypertension with symptoms of low potassium, renin, and aldosterone.
See also
Pseudohyperaldosteronism
References
External links
Autosomal dominant disorders
Rare syndromes
Endocrine diseases |
4029210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplodocoidea | Diplodocoidea | Diplodocoidea is a superfamily of sauropod dinosaurs, which included some of the longest animals of all time, including slender giants like Supersaurus, Diplodocus, Apatosaurus, and Amphicoelias. Most had very long necks and long, whip-like tails; however, one family (the dicraeosaurids) are the only known sauropods to have re-evolved a short neck, presumably an adaptation for feeding low to the ground. This adaptation was taken to the extreme in the highly specialized sauropod Brachytrachelopan. A study of snout shape and dental microwear in diplodocoids showed that the square snouts, large proportion of pits, and fine subparallel scratches in Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Nigersaurus, and Rebbachisaurus suggest ground-height nonselective browsing; the narrow snouts of Dicraeosaurus, Suuwassea, and Tornieria and the coarse scratches and gouges on the teeth of Dicraeosaurus suggest mid-height selective browsing in those taxa. This taxon is also noteworthy because diplodocoid sauropods had the highest tooth replacement rates of any vertebrates, as exemplified by Nigersaurus, which had new teeth erupting every 30 days.
Taxonomy
The below taxonomy follows the study of Emanuel Tschopp, Octavio Mateus and Roger Benson, 2015:
Diplodocoidea
Haplocanthosaurus
Diplodocimorpha
Rebbachisauridae
Flagellicaudata
Dicraeosauridae
Diplodocidae
Amphicoelias
Apatosaurinae
Diplodocinae
The phylogenetics of Diplodocoidea were reviewed in 2015 with a specimen-level phylogenetic analysis, as well as a species-level analysis. Their cladistic analysis is shown below.
References
Neosauropoda |
4029219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20H%C3%B6cherl | Hermann Höcherl | Hermann Höcherl (31 March 1912 – 18 May 1989) was a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU). He served as Federal Ministry of the Interior from 1961 to 1965 and as Federal Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests from 1965 to 1969.
Life
Höcherl was born in Brennberg near Regensburg, Bavaria, but was raised by his grandfather near Roding. Having obtained his Abitur degree in 1931, he studied law at the Berlin Frederick William University, at Aix-Marseille University, and at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He passed the Second State Examination in 1938 and first served as a Gerichtsassessor, from 1940 as a public prosecutor in Regensburg.
He had joined the Nazi Party in 1931; after leaving it in 1932, he rejoined in 1935. In 1942 he volunteered for the Wehrmacht armed forces in the rank of Lieutenant, with his service being in Nazi occupied Poland, and later in combat in Greece, Finland and Soviet Russia.
After the war, Höcherl from 1948 practised as a lawyer. In 1950 he was again appointed public prosecutor in Deggendorf and judge in Regensburg in 1951.
Höcherl joined the Christian Social Union in 1949. He soon became a board member in the Upper Palatinate district and in 1952 also a member of the state executive committee. Höcherl was first elected to the Bundestag in 1953, representing Regensburg.
Upon the 1961 federal election, he became Minister of the Interior in the cabinet of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and retained this office, when Adenauer was succeeded by Ludwig Erhard in 1963. After the 1965 election, he was appointed Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests and held this office in the grand coalition government of Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger until 1969. His term of office as Interior Minister was overshadowed by a bugging affair at the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution in 1963.
References
1912 births
1989 deaths
Agriculture ministers of Germany
Christian Social Union in Bavaria politicians
Nazi Party politicians
German Roman Catholics
Federal government ministers of Germany
Interior ministers of Germany
Members of the Bundestag for Bavaria
Members of the Bundestag 1972–1976
Members of the Bundestag 1969–1972
Members of the Bundestag 1965–1969
Members of the Bundestag 1961–1965
Members of the Bundestag 1957–1961
Members of the Bundestag 1953–1957
German Army officers of World War II
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
People from Regensburg (district)
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Social Union in Bavaria |
4029227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy%20Millar | Sandy Millar | John Alexander Kirkpatrick Millar (born 13 November 1939), known as Sandy Millar, is a retired Anglican bishop who, on 27 November 2005, was consecrated in Kampala as an assistant bishop in the Province of Uganda, in a joint initiative of Henry Luke Orombi, Archbishop of Uganda; Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury; and Richard Chartres, Bishop of London. He was subsequently licensed at St Paul's Cathedral, London, on 9 February 2006 to act as an honorary assistant bishop in the Diocese of London. He thereafter served as priest-in-charge of St Mark's, Tollington Park in North London until 2 February 2011 when he retired.
Personal life
Millar was born into an upper class Scottish family. His father was a major-general. He was educated at Lambrook Preparatory School, Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1962 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, promoted Master of Arts in 1966. He practised as a barrister for 10 years. After that, he gained a diploma in theology from the University of Durham. He was ordained deacon in 1976 and priest in 1977 at the age of 37.
Millar has been a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral since 1997.
Millar is in the Charismatic Evangelical tradition of the Church of England, but has usually concentrated on local missions and not on participation in controversies in the wider Anglican Communion. However, in October 2007, he was reported to have said to an American church congregation (Truro Church, Fairfax) that "there is a war on for the very soul of the church" and to have told the congregation, which had left the Episcopal Church of the United States in protest at its acceptance of homosexuality, "your steadfastness in the face of a new and speciously sophisticated manifestation of evil has won you many admirers all over the world." These comments were publicised on the internet, although not by him.
On 29 April 2012, Millar was licensed as an honorary assistant bishop in the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich, by which time he was living in Aldeburgh.
Growing the church
Millar was vicar of Holy Trinity Brompton from 1985 to 2005 and was the principal person responsible for the Alpha course. He was succeeded as vicar and principal of Alpha by Nicky Gumbel. During this period, he developed a strategy of church planting throughout London, thereby making it possible for dying churches to have a fresh start with congregations and clergy provided by Holy Trinity – all in close association with the London bishops. Such church "plants" included:
1985: St Barnabas' Addison Road, West Kensington
1987: St Mark's Battersea Rise
1989: St Paul's Onslow Square
1994: St Stephen's Church, Westbourne Park
2000: St Paul's, Hammersmith
2002: St George the Martyr's, Queen Square, Bloomsbury
2005: St Paul's Shadwell
Another of his achievements is the rehabilitation of the previously disused church of St Paul's, Onslow Square, located in his parish.
Writing and teaching
Millar also initiated "The Marriage Course" and "The Marriage Preparation Course", which run both throughout the United Kingdom and in many other countries. In 2005, a book containing a selection of his writings, All I Want Is You, was published.
Styles
Sandy Millar (1939–1977)
The Revd Sandy Millar (1977–1997)
The Revd Prebendary Sandy Millar (1997–2005)
The Rt Revd Sandy Millar (2005–present)
See also
Nicky Lee (priest)
References
1939 births
British people of Scottish descent
Living people
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Members of Lincoln's Inn
20th-century English Anglican priests
21st-century English Anglican priests
Anglican bishops in Mission
Evangelical Anglican bishops
Evangelicalism in the Church of England
British Charismatics
Holy Trinity Brompton people
Alumni of St John's College, Durham |
4029268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20National%20Liberation%20Army | Karen National Liberation Army | The Karen National Liberation Army (, ; abbreviated KNLA) is the military branch of the Karen National Union (KNU), which campaigns for the self-determination of the Karen people of Myanmar (formerly Burma). The KNLA has been fighting the Burmese government since 1949.
The KNLA was reported to have had a strength of approximately 20,000 in 1980, 3,000 in 2001, 5,000 in 2006, 6,000 in 2012, and 7,000 in 2014. As of early 2021, the KNLA is estimated to have at least 15,000 troops. The army is divided into seven brigades and a 'Special Force' reserved for special operations.
History
Pre-1990
At the time of Burmese independence from the British in 1948, there was considerable tension between the Karen community and the Burmese majority. Some Karens sought independence while others attempted co-existence within Burma. The KNLA was previously called the Karen National Defence Organisation (KNDO). The KNDO was an armed organisation which was formed by the KNU in 1947 to defend Karen communities and interests. Most KNDO soldiers had previously served in the forces of British Burma.
In early 1949, the Burmese government arrested the Karen leader of the armed forces and replaced him with radical Burmese anti-Karen nationalist Ne Win. Continued attacks against Karen dominated townships around Rangoon and the arrest of Karen political leaders led the Karen national Union to declare armed struggle, and the world's longest running civil war began.
Early in the fighting, Karen forces overran much of northern Burma including towns such as Mandalay and established strong positions outside Rangoon at Insein Township. But lacking a port from which to receive military supplies, the Karen forces gradually withdrew to the southeast of Burma.
In 1976, the Karen National Union changed its policy on wanting an independent state, and joined a new alliance, the National Democratic Front. This alliance of armed ethnic political parties supported a federal union of Burma.
1990–2010
In 1994 a group of Buddhist soldiers in the KNLA, claiming that the KNLA was unfairly dominated by Christians, broke away from the KNLA to form a new force, the DKBA, which soon organised a cease-fire with the Burmese military government.
In 1995 KNLA lost Kawmoora and Myawaddy to the DKBA. This considerably reduced the KNLA's border trade taxation.
A group calling itself the KNU/KNLA Peace Council, led by the former KNLA brigade 7 commander Brig-Gen Htay Maung (Htein Maung), broke away from the KNLA in February 2007, and organised a peace talk as well as a cease-fire agreement with the Burmese military government without the approval of the KNU central committee.
On 14 February 2008, Padoh Mahn Sha Lah Phan, the KNU secretary-general, was assassinated in Thailand.
On 13 May 2009, a senior Myanmar Army officer, Brig.-Gen. Kaung Myat, was killed by the KNLA. He had been the commander of the No. 5 Military Operations Command. The next month, on 19 June, DKBA soldiers began attacking the KNLA Brigade 7 headquarters, which they then captured on 23 June.
2010–present
During 2010, increasing numbers of Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) soldiers defected to the KNLA, or fled to Thailand, following the announcement that the DKBA would be absorbed into the Burmese military government's Border Guard. The DKBA had previously been allied to, but distinct from, government forces.
In November 2010, following the general election of 2010, large parts of the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army are alleged to have mutinied and re-aligned themselves with the KNLA, resulting in the escalating conflict with junta troops. The two rebel armies have formed an alliance, in advance of a possible crackdown by the military government.
The KNLA, along with its parent organisation the KNU, signed the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) with the government of Myanmar on 15 October 2015, along with several other insurgent groups.
In September 2016, KNLA fighters began clashing with members of the Mon National Liberation Army (MNLA), the armed wing of the New Mon State Party (NMSP), in the Tanintharyi Region. Both the KNU and NMSP were signatories of the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) at the time of the fighting. A temporary bilateral truce was reached between the two groups on 14 March 2018.
Tensions between the KNU and the Tatmadaw increased as unrest swept the country following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. On 27 March 2021, KNLA Brigade 5 overran a Myanmar Army base near the Thai border, killing 10 soldiers including a deputy battalion commander. The Myanmar army launched multiple airstrikes on Karen villages in retaliation.
On 27 April 2021, the KNLA captured a Myanmar Army base along the Salween river, bordering Thailand's Mae Sam Laep sub-district. A civilian in on the Thai side of the border was wounded by a stray bullet during the battle.
On 9 September 2021, KNLA Brigades 3 and 5 captured a Myanmar Army camp in Kyaukkyi Township in Bago Region.
Foreign volunteers
A number of foreigners have gone to Myanmar to fight for the KNLA.
Dave Everett, a former Australian SAS soldier, fought for the KNLA and was later arrested in Australia for trying to steal money to fund the KNLA. Des Ball, Professor at ANU, has advised them on military strategy.
Thomas Bleming, an American, claims to have fought for the Karen and has written a book called War in Karen Country.
Three of the KNLA's French volunteers were killed in action fighting for the KNLA: Jean-Phillipe Courreges (killed 1985), Olivier Thiriat (killed 1989), and Guillaume Oillic (killed 1990).
References
External links
Karen National Union home page
Victory over KNU, new order on Thai-Burma border
This Month in History – May
Karen rebels go on offensive in Myanmar
Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) on Schema-root
BLOG: BURMA CONFLICT SITUATION REPORT
PHOTO ESSAYS OF ACTIVIST CAUSES AND DEMOS
Six month battle report for the Karen National Liberation Army
The flag of the Karen National Liberation Army
Rebel groups in Myanmar
Guerrilla organizations
Karen people
Paramilitary organisations based in Myanmar
1949 establishments in Burma
Separatism in Myanmar |
4029272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizard%20%282005%20video%20game%29 | Wizard (2005 video game) | Wizard is a video game created in 1980 for the Atari Video Computer System (later renamed the Atari 2600) by Chris Crawford while working for Atari, Inc. The game was not advertised or released by Atari. Wizard uses a 2K ROM, the last Atari 2600 game developed by Atari with less than 4K. Wizard was eventually released as part of the Atari Flashback 2 package in 2005.
Gameplay
The player is a wizard from Irata (Atari spelled backwards) and battles imps in a maze. It's not a symmetric battle: the player is faster than the enemy, but the enemy can go through walls and fire faster than the player can. There is no need to aim, as the angle of the player's fire is automatically sent in the direction of the enemy. The enemy remains invisible when it is behind a wall. It also has heart beat audio, which becomes louder as the player gets closer to the enemy.
Development
The production of Wizard is detailed extensively in the book Chris Crawford on Game Design. Crawford wanted to write software for the new Atari home computers, but Atari management required developers for the system to create an Atari VCS game first.
Wizard was never published for the Atari VCS. It was included with the Atari Flashback 2, 25 years after it was written. Chris Crawford learned about the release in an email from a fan. Crawford's original prototype did not contain a two-player mode, but the game released with the Atari Flashback 2 does.
References
External links
The Wizard Game Manual
2005 video games
Atari games
Cancelled Atari 2600 games
Atari 2600 games
Maze games
Chris Crawford (game designer) games
Video games developed in the United States |
4029275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Slovakia at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Slovakia competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Medalists
Židek's silver medal was the first Winter Olympic medal won by Slovakia as an independent nation.
Alpine skiing
The top finish for the six-person Slovak alpine team came from Veronika Zuzulová, who finished 15th in the women's combined.
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Biathlon
Marek Matiaško had the best result out of the Slovak biathlon team, with a surprising 5th place finish in the men's individual. He missed only one shot, and the resultant time penalty meant that he fell short of the medals.
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Milan Jagnešák piloted the Slovak sled in both the two-man and four-man events, but did not manage a top-20 finish in either.
Cross-country skiing
Martin Bajčičák finished 8th in the men's pursuit, the best showing from any Slovak cross-country skier, and carried the nation's flag in the closing ceremonies.
Distance
Sprint
Ice hockey
The Slovak team finished atop its round-robin group, going undefeated through the opening round, including a 3–0 win over eventual gold medal winners Sweden. In the quarterfinals, however, the team fell to rivals Czech Republic 3–1, failing to advance to a medal game.
Men's tournament
Players
Results
Round-robin
Standings
Medal round
Quarterfinal
Luge
The Slovakian luge delegation was one of the Olympic team's largest, but managed only a single top 15 finish, from the doubles team of Ľubomír Mick and Walter Marx.
Short track speed skating
The lone Slovak short track speed skater competing in Turin, Matus Uzak, was disqualified from two of his events, and failed to advance from his heat in the third.
Ski jumping
Martin Mesík represented Slovakia in ski jumping, but did not advance from the qualification round in either the large hill or normal hill events.
Snowboarding
Radoslav Židek failed to qualify for the medal round in the men's parallel giant slalom, but was more successful in the snowboard cross. Židek qualified in the top ten, then won in three consecutive rounds to make the final. He finished just behind American Seth Wescott, who made a dramatic pass and pipped him to the line. Still, Židek's second place finished earned him a silver medal, the first winter medal in Slovakian Olympic history.
Parallel GS
Snowboard cross
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4029279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Rice%2C%205th%20Baron%20Dynevor | Francis Rice, 5th Baron Dynevor | Francis William Rice, 5th Baron Dynevor (May 10, 1804 – August 13, 1878) was a British clergyman and peer. He was the second son of the Reverend Edward Rice, Dean of Gloucester himself second son of the 2nd Baroness Dynevor. The Dean's wife, Rice's mother, Charlotte Lascelles though born the illegitimate daughter of General Francis Lascelles and Ann Catley, a singer, was a niece of Edward Lascelles, 1st Earl of Harewood.
Rice was educated at Westminster School and matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 18 October 1822. He obtained a B.A. degree in 1826 and was awarded an M.A. degree in 1847.
From 1827 to 1878 Rice was the Vicar of Fairford, Gloucestershire.
He married twice. His first wife was Harriett Ives Barker, daughter of Daniel Raymond Barker, whom he married on 3 February 1830. Their first child Ellen Joyce who was an emigration pioneer and the second was Arthur de Cardonnel FitzUryan Rice, later 6th Baron Dynevor. Francis Rice was widowed on 22 July 1854.
His second wife was Eliza Amelia Knox, first daughter of Rev. Henry Carnegie Knox, the Rector of Lechlade, Gloucestershire. He married her 18 November 1856.
In 1869, upon the death of his cousin, Rice succeeded to the title of Baron Dynevor as his cousin only had sisters and daughters. He died 3 August 1878 aged 74.
References
Rice, Francis William
Rice, Francis William
05
Dynevor
Dynevor, Francis Rice, 5th Baron
Francis |
4029282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Russia at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Russia participated at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. It sent a total of 190 athletes to participate in all 15 of the Winter Olympic sports.
Dmitry Dorofeev, a speed skater, served as flag bearer at the opening ceremonies.
Medalists
Olga Pyleva won the silver in the women's 15 km race, but was later disqualified for failing a drug test.
Alpine skiing
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Biathlon
Olga Pyleva was stripped of her silver medal in the women's individual after testing positive for carphedon, a stimulant.
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Distance
Men
Women
Sprint
Curling
Women's tournament
Team: Ludmila Privivkova (skip), Nkeirouka Ezekh, Yana Nekrasova, Yekaterina Galkina and Olga Zharkova (alternate)
Round Robin
Draw 2
;Draw 3
;Draw 4
;Draw 5
;Draw 7
;Draw 8
;Draw 10
;Draw 11
;Draw 12
Standings
Figure skating
Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program
Freestyle skiing
Men
Women
Ice hockey
Men's tournament
The Russian men's team finished the round robin portion of the competition ranked second in Group B, losing just once, to Slovakia. It beat Canada in thequarter finals, but lost both the semifinal and bronze medal game to finish fourth overall
Players
Results
Round-robin
Standings
Medal round
Quarterfinal
Semifinal
Bronze game
Women's tournament
The Russian women's team lost to both Canada and Sweden, and failed to progress to the medal round. In the 5th place game, the team lost on a shootout to Germany.
Players
Results
Round-robin
Standings
Classification games
5th-8th classification
5th place game
Luge
Nordic combined
Note: 'Deficit' refers to the amount of time behind the leader a competitor began the cross-country portion of the event. Italicized numbers show the final deficit from the winner's finishing time.
Short track speed skating
Key: 'ADV' indicates a skater was advanced due to being interfered with.
Skeleton
Ski jumping
Snowboarding
Halfpipe
Note: In the final, the single best score from two runs is used to determine the ranking. A bracketed score indicates a run that wasn't counted.
Parallel GS
Key: '+ Time' represents a deficit; the brackets indicate the results of each run.
Speed skating
Men
Women
Team pursuit
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
2006 in Russian sport |
4029295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia%20and%20Montenegro%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Serbia and Montenegro at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Serbia and Montenegro competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. This was the last appearance of a team representing a joint Montenegrin and Serbian state at the Olympic venue.
Alpine skiing
Jelena Lolović represented Serbia and Montenegro in four of the five disciplines, and had the best finish for the alpine skiing team, 30th in the women's giant slalom.
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Biathlon
Milenković finished ahead of just three other competitors in each of his two races in Turin. Biathlon was the third Olympic sport Milenković had participated in, as he had previously competed in cycling and cross-country skiing.
Cross-country skiing
Neither cross-country skier managed to finish a race; Milenković withdrew in the final two kilometres of the 50 km race, while Kuzeljević withdrew in the first 2.5 kilometres of the women's pursuit.
Distance
Figure skating
The top finish from any member of the Serbia and Montenegro team in Turin came from Trifun Živanović, who did not advance to the free skate, but ended up 26th overall in the men's event.
Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 |
4029308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy%20extension%20property | Homotopy extension property | In mathematics, in the area of algebraic topology, the homotopy extension property indicates which homotopies defined on a subspace can be extended to a homotopy defined on a larger space. The homotopy extension property of cofibrations is dual to the homotopy lifting property that is used to define fibrations.
Definition
Let be a topological space, and let . We say that the pair has the homotopy extension property if, given a homotopy and a map such that , there exists an extension of to a homotopy such that .
That is, the pair has the homotopy extension property if any map can be extended to a map (i.e. and agree on their common domain).
If the pair has this property only for a certain codomain , we say that has the homotopy extension property with respect to .
Visualisation
The homotopy extension property is depicted in the following diagram
If the above diagram (without the dashed map) commutes (this is equivalent to the conditions above), then pair (X,A) has the homotopy extension property if there exists a map which makes the diagram commute. By currying, note that a map is the same as a map .
Note that this diagram is dual to (opposite to) that of the homotopy lifting property; this duality is loosely referred to as Eckmann–Hilton duality.
Properties
If is a cell complex and is a subcomplex of , then the pair has the homotopy extension property.
A pair has the homotopy extension property if and only if is a retract of
Other
If has the homotopy extension property, then the simple inclusion map is a cofibration.
In fact, if you consider any cofibration , then we have that is homeomorphic to its image under . This implies that any cofibration can be treated as an inclusion map, and therefore it can be treated as having the homotopy extension property.
See also
Homotopy lifting property
References
Homotopy theory
Algebraic topology |
4029311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Spain at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Spain competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Alpine skiing
María José Rienda entered the Olympics having won three World Cup events on the season, including the last giant slalom before the Olympic Games, but couldn't repeat this form in Turin, as she finished 13th in the giant slalom.
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Biathlon
The lone Spanish biathlete in Turin, Luis Alberto Hernando, finished 80th in the men's individual event.
Cross-country skiing
Even after Johann Mühlegg was disqualified for doping after having won the men's 50 kilometre race, Spain's top cross-country performance was in that race, as Juan Jesús Gutiérrez finished 22nd.
Distance
Freestyle skiing
Spain's lone competitor in the freestyle skiing events in Turin was unable to advance in the women's moguls, as she finished second last in the qualifying round.
Snowboarding
Jordi Font was involved in a notable incident in his semifinal, as he collided with Canada's Jasey-Jay Anderson. Anderson beat Font down for second place, but the Canadian was disqualified for missing a gate, sending Font through to the final. In the final, Font again fell, but this time ended up in fourth position.
Halfpipe
Note: In the final, the single best score from two runs is used to determine the ranking. A bracketed score indicates a run that wasn't counted.
Snowboard cross
References
External links
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
Olympics |
4029312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosequien%20y%20Los%20Nosecuantos | Nosequien y Los Nosecuantos | Nosequien Y Los Nosecuantos is a Peruvian pop rock band.
Albums
No Somos Nada (1990)
Con El Respeto Que Se Merecen (1991)
11 Porotazos Superbailables (1993)
Lo Mejor (o sea, Todo) de Nosequien y los Nosecuantos [compilation]
Walter (1995)
Etiqueta Negra [compilation]
Amorfo (2000)
Nadie Nos Quitará Lo Bailado [compilation]
Pisco Sour (2005)
La Tierra del Sol (2009) [single]
XX Larga Duración (2012)
Pisco Sour (2013)
Peruvian rock music groups |
4029327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgona%20%28Italy%29 | Gorgona (Italy) | Gorgona () is the northernmost island in the Tuscan Archipelago, a group of islands off the west coast of Italy. Between Corsica and Livorno, this diminutive island has been valued most for its wildlife, especially marine birds, and its isolation. The latter quality resulted in the foundation of Gorgona Abbey in the Middle Ages. After its closure the monastery grounds and buildings were appropriated in 1869, at the foundation of an agricultural penal colony, which is currently in use.
Geography
Gorgona is located about 19 nautical miles (about ) straight out from Livorno. It is a ferry ride of about 1.5 hours; however, access to the island is forbidden without permission from the Italian Ministry of Justice. It grants a standing concession exclusively to one group for supervised tours. Photographic equipment is not allowed. Private boats may approach the island no closer than except in emergencies. Capraia is away; Corsica, .
The only landing place is "Cala dello Scalo", an inlet on the northeast side surrounded by cliffs, the site of the only beach. A fishing village over the beach is now inhabited by workers of the Penal Colony and, above all in the summer, by families of heirs of the old settlers.
On the cliff overlooking the bay is a historic site, the Torre Nuova, "new tower", built as a watchtower by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in the 17th century.
From the beach an unpaved road leads up to the settlement at the head of a pass between the two prominent heights: Punta Gorgona at to the south and Punta Zirri at to the north. On the cliffs at the west side of the island on the other side of the pass is the Torre Vecchia, "old tower", built as a watchtower by the Republic of Pisa in the 12th century.
Occupation of the island has been primarily on the steep slopes and terraces of the east coast. A number of monastery and other buildings were constructed there. The prison, which has been structured as a working farm, has taken over or takes responsibility for maintaining this entire region. Prisoners work in agriculture or raise animals or learn whatever building trades are useful to the enterprise. Their living space is rather big with good rooms as cells, some spaces for group activities and a pleasant soccer 5 field. Most of the prisoners work outdoors, in the village area too. So interaction with residents and outsiders is controlled.
History
Ancient history
Urgon or Gorgòn ( in Ancient Greek), believed to be Gorgona, receives brief mention in Pliny, who only states that it is near Pianosa and Capraia. Pomponius Mela had mentioned the name earlier (43 BC) but only as an item in a list of the islands in the vicinity.
Monastic history
Rutilius Claudius Namatianus in describing his voyage of 417 AD in the region says that "Gorgon" rises up in the middle of the sea between the Pisan and Cyrniacan (Corsican) shores. He had already stated that there were monachi, "monks", on Capraia and now relates the story of an aristocratic youth who had given up wealth, status and the opportunity for marriage to retire to Gorgon in "superstitious exile", implying that monasteries of sorts were already on the two islands.
Tradition holds that monks from Gorgona rescued the relics of Saint Julia of Corsica before they were carried to the mainland in the 8th century. Finally, in 1425, the Saint Julia relics were carried to Calci Chartreuse, near to Pisa.
The monastery was abandoned after its destruction by the Saracens. In the 11th century the Republic of Pisa cleared the Tyrrhenian Sea of Muslims and proceeded against their strongholds in Africa. In 1051, just prior to the Pisan occupation of Corsica, the monastery was reconstituted, still Benedictine, and was declared under papal protection. Subsequently, gifts of land were made by aristocrats in Tuscany (where Pisa is located) and northern Corsica. The monastery began to keep land records from Corsica, the first known from there.
Letter 130 of Catherine of Siena, a Dominican nun, to Ippolito degli Ubaldini of Florence encourages him to enter and contribute to the monastery of Gorgona. The letter in stating that the monastery needed to be refurbished to conform to the "rule of the Carthusian Order" implies that it was recently converted to that order. It must have been written after her vision of 1375 and visit to the island then.
Two inscriptions at Pisa Charterhouse at Calci attribute the change of order to the influence of Catherine on Pope Gregory XI in trying to obtain economic assistance for the Carthusians. The pope made a grant of money and gave the Carthusians Gorgona. The change cast reproach on the Benedictines for their alleged non-monastic way of life. They were asked to leave the island and were banned from it.
Carthusians from Pisa Charterhouse retenanted the monastery under Don Bartholomew Serafini. He promptly invited Catherine to visit. She lodged outside the monastery but was invited to address the monks. She spoke on resisting the temptations of Satan. The mantle she was asked to leave as a token of the visit placed later in the hands of a young monk tempted to suicide by the death or illness of his mother is said to have removed all temptation, a token, in the church, of her sainthood.
Subsequently, the Mediterranean became politically unstable. Fearing an attack by Saracen corsairs the monks left the island for the charterhouse at Calci in 1425, taking all the records and works of art with them, and never returned. The records were duly published at Pisa. The island however remained in the ownership of Pisa Charterhouse until the 18th century.
Modern history
Early in 1771 Peter Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany, purchased Gorgona from the Carthusians of Pisa with the intent of making it part of a plan for economic revival. In March of that year he passed a law opening the island to settlement by fishermen with the proviso that they would catch and cure anchovies and sell them in Livorno. The fishing village dates to this time.
This opportunity to live in Gorgona was raised from the families named "Citti" and "Dodoli", coming from Garfagnana region in province of Lucca. These two families worked hard to make Gorgona a good place to live in, being able to stay there until the present day.
With the unification of Italy in 1861, including the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany, ownership of Gorgona passed to the new Kingdom of Italy. Gorgona became a new and experimental agricultural penal colony in 1869.
Literature
Island of Gorgona, with Capraia too, is part of one of the best-known verses of Dante Alighieri's poem La Divina Commedia:
Ecology
The ecology of Gorgona is under the protection of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park, dating from 1996, with headquarters at Portoferraio, Elba. Most of the island is in its native state, 90% of it being forested with maquis, to high.
Among its plant species are Arbutus unedo, Rhamnus (Buckthorn), Pistacia lentiscus, Juniperus phoenicea, Myrtus communis, Erica arborea, Erica scoparia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Phillyrea angustifolia, and Phillyrea latifolia. The flowers in more open country include Lavandula stoechas, Helichrysum italicum, Cistus incanus, Cistus salvifolius, and Cistus monspeliensis. Calycotome spinosa and Spartium junceum appear on the slopes. Linaria capraria is endemic to the archipelago and to Gorgona too. Evergreens predominate. There are groves of holm-oak, the remnant of a prehistoric forest, and pine woods of Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea, and Pinus pinaster.
Gorgona is one of only five islands in the world on which the Corsican finch is found.
Economy
In the nineteenth century the island was famous for its anchovies. Reservation by the Italian government reduced all economy to that of the prison until last year. In 2012 the Department of Justice approved and gave finances to a plan called "Progetto Granducato" (Granducato Project), to reach the goal of giving prisoners professional training and real job opportunies, inviting private investors to start enterprises in Gorgona.
The first company getting a business agreement with the prison's management, was the world-famous wine producer "Marchesi de' Frescobaldi". So nowadays the oldest and more prestigious wine brand of Tuscany, is giving prisoners of Gorgona the chance to get an exceptional know-how grown in the centuries, to make their own wines Vermentino and Ansonica, extra virgin olive oil and any other farm goods.
See also
List of islands of Italy
Punta Cala Scirocco Lighthouse
Punta Paratella Lighthouse
Arcipelago Toscano National Park
References
External links
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.
.
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Livorno
Islands of Tuscany
Arcipelago Toscano National Park
Prison islands |
4029337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Marino%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | San Marino at the 2006 Winter Olympics | San Marino sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics, in Turin, Italy from 10 to 26 February 2006. This was the nation's seventh appearance at a Winter Olympic Games. The delegation consisted of a single athlete, alpine skier Marino Cardelli. In his race, the giant slalom, he failed to finish the competition.
Background
San Marino first entered Olympic competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. The nation did not enter a Winter Olympic Games until Innsbruck in 1976. Excepting the 1980 and 1998 Winter Olympics, San Marino has participated in every edition of the Winter Olympics since, making Turin the nation's seventh Winter Olympics appearance. The Sammarinesi delegation consisted of a single alpine skier, Marino Cardelli. Cardelli would go on to also be the only Sanmarinesi competitor four years later in Vancouver. Cardelli was selected as the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony.
Alpine skiing
Marino Cardelli was 18 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics. As he was the lowest ranked competitor in the giant slalom, he was last in the starting order on 20 February. He would be unable to finish the first run of the race, leaving him unranked for the competition.
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics |
4029346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Poland at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Poland competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Poland sent 45 athletes to the 2006 Winter Olympic Games, and snowboarder Paulina Ligocka was the flag bearer at the opening ceremonies, while biathlete Tomasz Sikora was the flag bearer at the closing ceremonies.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Biathlon
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Distance
Sprint
Figure skating
Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program
Luge
Short track speed skating
Skeleton
Ski jumping
Note: PQ indicates a skier was pre-qualified for the final, based on entry rankings.
Snowboarding
Halfpipe
Note: In the final, the single best score from two runs is used to determine the ranking. A bracketed score indicates a run that wasn't counted.
Parallel GS
Key: '+ Time' represents a deficit; the brackets indicate the results of each run.
Snowboard Cross
Speed skating
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
2006 in Polish sport |
4029351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Portugal at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Portugal sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10 to 26 February 2006. This marked the country's fifth appearance in a Winter Olympic Games, their first in eight years as they missed the 2002 Winter Olympics. The Portuguese delegation consisted of a single competitor, Danny Silva, who participated in cross-country skiing. In his only event, the 15 kilometre classical race, he finished in 93rd place.
Background
Portugal debuted in Olympic competition at the 1912 Stockholm Olympics, and have appeared in every Summer Olympics since. The nation made its first appearance in a Winter Olympic Games in 1952. Since then, their attendance has been sporadic, with the country making its second appearance in the 1988 Winter Games. They participated in 1994 and 1998, but missed the 1992 and 2002 editions. Thus, the Turin Olympics were the nation's fifth appearance at a Winter Olympics. The Portuguese delegation to Turin consisted of a single cross-country skier, Danny Silva. He would go on to be the only athlete to represent Portugal again at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Silva was selected as the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony.
Cross-country skiing
Danny Silva was 32 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics. His only event was the 15 kilometre classical race, in which he posted a time of 54 minutes and 34 seconds. This placed him 93rd out of 96 competitors who finished the race, and over 16 minutes behind the gold medal time.
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics |
4029357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Turkey at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Turkey competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Competitors
Alpine skiing
A 37th-place finish for Duygu Ulusoy in the Women's giant slalom was the best result for Turkey's Alpine Skiing entrants.
Cross-country skiing
The Turkish cross-country team got its top finish in the men's team sprint event, where Muhammet Kızılarslan and Sebahattin Oglago finished 22nd.
Distance
Sprint
Figure skating
Tuğba Karademir, who finished 22nd in the ladies' event, gained some notoriety due to being featured by American network NBC, which opened one of its most watched broadcasts with a feature on her.
Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program
Officials
Mehmet Ali Şahin, Minister for Sports
Togay Bayatlı, President of the National Olympic Committee of Turkey
Neşe Gündoğan, Secretary general of the National Olympic Committee of Turkey
Hüseyin Doğan, Olympic attaché
Mehmet Atalay, Team chief
Sezai Bağbaşı, Administrator
Yunus Akgül, Administrator
Özer Ayık, Administrator
Ahmet Kalaycıoğlu, Physician
Oleksandr Averin, Trainer cross-country skiing
Atakan Araftargil, Trainer Alpine skiing
Robert Tebby, Trainer figure skating
References
National Olympic Committee of Turkey official website
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics |
4029362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Ukraine at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Ukraine competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Medalists
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
Alpine skiing
Mykola Skriabin managed to qualify and compete in each of the five men's disciplines, with his top finish a 26th in the giant slalom.
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Biathlon
Lilia Efremova, who had failed to finish in the top 30 in any event at the 2005 World Championships, shot perfectly and survived a relatively slow finish to earn a bronze medal in the women's sprint.
Men
Women
Cross-country skiing
Twelve skiers represented Ukraine in Turin, the largest delegation in any sport. The top finish came from Valentina Shevchenko in the women's 30 kilometre freestyle; she had the fastest time at the 20 kilometre mark, but fell off the pace to end up 7th.
Distance
Men
Women
Sprint
Figure skating
Elena Grushina and Ruslan Goncharov, the 2005 World Championship bronze medalists, earned the same result in Turin, rallying from a poor start to end up in 3rd.
Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program
Freestyle skiing
Ukraine sent seven athletes to compete in the freestyle skiing events, specifically men's and women's aerials, but only one, Enver Ablaev, managed to qualify for a final.
Luge
The doubles team of Oleg Zherebetskyy and Roman Yazvinskyy, who finished 19th in the first run of the event, pulled out after suffering a serious crash. Yazvinskyy was air-lifted to hospital with a head injury, but he remained conscious and was released the next day.
Nordic combined
Sergei Diyachuk and Volodymyr Trachuk both finished in the bottom five in the two Nordic combined events in Turin.
Note: 'Deficit' refers to the amount of time behind the leader a competitor began the cross-country portion of the event. Italicized numbers show the final deficit from the winner's finishing time.
Short track speed skating
Volodymyr Grygoriev, Ukraine's only speed skater in Turin, advanced from his heat in the 1000 metres, but then finished last in his quarterfinal.
Ski jumping
Ukraine's lone competing ski jumper, Volodymyr Boschuk, did not progress beyond the qualification round in either the normal or large hill events.
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4029366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Boit | Philip Boit | Philip Kimely Boit (born 12 December 1971 in Eldoret, Kenya) is a cross-country skier and the first Kenyan to participate in the Winter Olympics. His first name is sometimes spelled as "Phillip".
1996–98
Philip Boit and compatriot Henry Bitok trained in Finland to become competitive skiers. Both were former middle distance runners with no previous skiing experience. Their project was sponsored by sportswear giant Nike. Winter training began in February 1996. Kenya had only one slot for the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, which was taken by Boit, while Bitok finished his skiing career soon after. Boit's participation in the games gained worldwide media coverage. He finished 92nd and last in the 10-kilometer classic race. The awards for the race were delayed while winner Bjørn Dæhlie waited for Boit to reach the finish line to embrace him. The experience was so moving for Boit that he named one of his sons Dæhlie Boit.
1999
Boit participated in the 1999 Nordic skiing World Championships in Ramsau, Austria, and again finished last in the 10 km classic event. After the event, Nike dropped their sponsorship and Boit was forced to settle for "dry training" in Kenya for the next two years.
2002–10
In the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City Boit finished 64th in the sprint race, beating three competitors. After the Salt Lake City Olympics Boit left competitive skiing again, but came back to participate in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin where he finished 92nd in the 15 km Classic, ahead of five fellow competitors. Boit said in a 2006 interview that he was planning to retire after 2010 Winter Olympics to be held in Vancouver.
In 2007, he competed in the World Ski Championships held in Sapporo, Japan, the same country where he started his Olympic career.
2010–11
Boit had planned to retire after the 2010 Winter Olympics. However, he did not meet the requirements needed to start in the Games as he missed the limit by two FIS points. His attempts to qualify for the Olympics had been hampered by illness. After missing the Olympics, Boit decided to continue his career by a year and retire after the 2011 World Championships to be held in Oslo, Norway. Boit finished 42nd during qualification, and therefore was unable to compete in the 15 kilometre classical.
Education
After graduating from Samwayi Secondary School, he was recruited to General Service Unit in 1992, where was able to enhance his athletics career. As an athlete, he was a bit behind the top Kenyan runners. His 800 meter personal best is 1:46.06.
Family
Philip's uncle Mike Boit won the bronze medal in the 800 meters at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
See also
Lamine Guèye (skier)
Eddie "The Eagle" Edwards
Eric Moussambani
Paula Barila Bolopa
References
Kenya: It's Not Just for Runners Anymore
Igrzyska jednak nie dla Boita. Krowy też nie
Living people
1971 births
People from Uasin Gishu County
Kenyan male cross-country skiers
Kenyan male middle-distance runners
Olympic cross-country skiers of Kenya
Cross-country skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics |
4029367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaspopathy | Zaspopathy | Zaspopathy, also called ZASP-related myofibril myopathy, is a novel autosomal dominant form of progressive muscular dystrophy, first described in 2005.
Cause
The disease encompasses multiple forms of both distal and proximal myopathies, and is caused by mutations in the gene referred to as ZASP.
Pathophysiology
The ZASP gene is located at chromosome 10, and encodes also-called Z-disk-associated protein. Mutations in this protein causes disintegration of the Z-disk of contractile elements (myofibrils) in muscle cells.
Mutations of several other Z-disk related proteins, such as desmin, alfa-B-crystallin and myotilin can cause disorders similar to zaspopathy.
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
External links
(gene)
Autosomal dominant disorders
Rare diseases
Myoneural junction and neuromuscular diseases |
4029368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Mongolia at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Mongolia sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10–26 February 2006. The delegation consisted of two cross-country skiers, Erdene-Ochiryn Ochirsüren and Khürelbaataryn Khash-Erdene. Their best finish in any event was 68th in the women's 10 kilometer classical by Ochirsüren. The same two competitors would return to the Olympics four years later representing Mongolia at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
A group of four Mongolian short track speed skaters (women: Duuren Natsagnyam, Narangerel Odtsetseg; men: Ganbat Jargalanchuluun, Ganbat Munkhamidral) were mentioned in the media as Olympians in an article about the 2006 Olympic competitors, but they didn't compete at the Olympics.
Background
The Mongolian National Olympic Committee was recognized by the International Olympic Committee on 1 January 1962, and the nation entered Olympic competition soon after, talking part in both the 1964 Winter and Summer Olympics. Mongolia has only missed two Olympic Games since, the 1976 Winter Olympics; and the 1984 Summer Olympics as the Mongolians joined in the Soviet-led boycott of the Games in Los Angeles. The delegation Mongolia sent to Turin consisted of two cross-country skiers, Erdene-Ochiryn Ochirsüren and Khürelbaataryn Khash-Erdene. Khash-Erdene was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony while Ochirsüren was chosen to carry the flag for the closing ceremony.
Cross-country skiing
Khürelbaataryn Khash-Erdene was 22 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics. In the men's 15 kilometre classical race, held on 17 February, he finished with a time of 48 minutes and 47 seconds, which put him in 84th place out of 96 competitors who finished the race; the gold medal was won by Andrus Veerpalu of Estonia in 38 minutes and 1 second. He would later go on to represent Mongolia at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Erdene-Ochiryn Ochirsüren was 20 years of age at the time of these Games. She competed in the women's 10 kilometer classical, held on 16 February. She finished the race with a time of 36 minutes and 40.1 seconds, which saw her in 68th position out of 70 competitors who finished the race, the gold medal having been won by Kristina Šmigun-Vähi of Estonia. in 27 minutes and 51 seconds. Like her compatriot, she would also go on to participate in the 2010 Winter Olympics.
See also
Mongolia at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics |
4029374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgona | Gorgona | Gorgona could refer to:
Gorgona Island (Colombia), an island about 50 km off the Pacific coast
Gorgona (Italy), the northernmost island in the Tuscan Archipelago
Gorgona Agricultural Penal Colony, penal colony located on the Italian Island
Gorgona (wine), Italian white wine made by the prisoners of the Gorgona Agricultural Penal Colony in partnership with the Frescobaldi family
Gorgona, a fictional planet; see Planets in science fiction
Gorgona Group, a mid-20th century modernist art group
Gorgona-class transport ship
Gorgona, the transliteration of γοργόνα, which is the mermaid in Greek. |
4029383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Africa%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | South Africa at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Three men from South Africa competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
One of them, Alexander Heath, became the first African to compete in all 5 alpine events. The three-man South African team was the largest from the continent in Turin.
Alpine skiing
Alexander Heath, competing in his third Olympics, qualified in all five events, with his best finish a 27th in the giant slalom.
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Cross-country skiing
Kraas competed in three events in Turin, but finished in only one, the sprint, where he finished 57th out of 80 competitors.
Distance
Sprint
Skeleton
Tyler Botha finished second in a pair of Challenge Cup events that allowed him to qualify for the Games, where he ended up in 21st place.
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4029390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Senegal at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Senegal competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. This marked the fourth appearance by the nation at a Winter Olympics, and the first time it had not been represented at one by alpine skier Lamine Guèye. Instead, Leyti Seck was chosen as the country's sole representative. He did not win any medals, but would return to represent his country again at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Background
Senegal participated in four Winter Olympics between its debut at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, and the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. No Senegalese athlete had ever won a medal at a Winter Games. In two out of the three initial appearances, the country was represented by a single alpine skier, Lamine Guèye, with the exception of 1992 when Alphonse Gomis also competed.
Following a break of two Games, Senegal once again sent an athlete to the Winter Olympics in 2006. This was the first time Senegal had fielded a Winter Games team which did not feature Guèye. Instead, alpine skier Leyti Seck was chosen as the country's sole representative, who had been competing professionally since 2002. He had been brought to the attention of Guèye, who was the head of the Senegalese Ski Federation. Seck was chosen as the flagbearer for the Parade of Nations in the opening ceremony, while Guèye returned as flagbearer for the closing ceremony.
Alpine skiing
The sole Senegalese athlete at the Games, Leyti Seck, competed in the men's super-G, giant slalom and slalom. In the super-G on 18 February, Seck finished in 55th place out of the 56 skiers who completed the run with a time of 1:42.87, ahead of Erjon Tola of Albania at the 2006 Winter Olympics. However, he failed to complete his remaining two events, becoming one of the 40 skiers who did not finish the giant slalom on 20 February, and one of the 44 who did not finish the slalom on 25 February. Seck would go on to compete once again for Senegal at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Skiing events
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics |
4029414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Beth%20Decker | Mary Beth Decker | Mary Beth Decker (born January 11, 1981) is an American former model and television personality who attended Texas A&M University. She was the "Cyber Girl of the Week" for Playboy in the fourth week of September 2002, and "Cyber Girl of the Month" for January 2003 as well as a cast member on a season of MTV's show Road Rules, Road Rules: South Pacific.
Personal life
Decker was born in Houston, Texas. While at Texas A&M University she worked as a bartender at The Tap, a bar located in College Station, Texas.
She was featured in two issues of Playboy: October 2002, as part of the Girls of the Big 12 (as an A&M student), and March 2004 as a Cyber Girl. She has appeared on the HDNet show Get Out!, in the season three Costa Rica episode.
On August 31, 2007, she gave birth to a boy named Gavin.
References
External links
Living people
Road Rules cast members
Texas A&M University alumni
1981 births |
4029421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agate%20Pass | Agate Pass | Agate Pass or Agate Passage is a high-current tidal strait in Puget Sound connecting Port Madison and mainland Kitsap County in the US state of Washington. It lies between Bainbridge Island and the mainland of the Kitsap Peninsula near Suquamish. It leads south towards Bremerton, extending about one mile (1.6 km) in a straight, southwesterly direction. The depth is about . The shores are wooded and fairly steep. The shoreline is mostly rocky and fringed with kelp to Point Bolin. The tidal currents have velocities up to six knots; the flood tide sets southwesterly, and the ebb tide northeasterly.
The traditional winter village of the Suquamish people was located on Agate Pass. It was the site of Old Man House, the largest longhouse on Puget Sound, and Haleets, a petroglyph. Agate Pass was unknown to non-native people until it was discovered by the Wilkes Expedition in 1841. Before then, Europeans thought Bainbridge Island was a peninsula. It was named by U.S. Navy Lt. Charles Wilkes in honor of one of the members of the expedition, Alfred Thomas Agate.
In 1950, a fixed highway bridge, the Agate Pass Bridge was built, connecting Bainbridge Island to the Kitsap Peninsula for the first time. The bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
External links
Junius Rochester, "Wilkes, Charles (1798-1877)", Essay 5226, 17 February 2003, History Link website
"Agate Pass Bridge", History Link website
Straits of Washington (state)
Landforms of Puget Sound
Bainbridge Island, Washington
Straits of Kitsap County, Washington
/* External links */ |
4029440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazel%20Stiebeling | Hazel Stiebeling | Hazel Katherine Stiebeling (1896–1989) was an American nutritionist who pioneered the development of USDA programs for nutrition including USDA daily dietary allowances of vitamins and minerals.
Early life
Stiebeling was born in Haskins, Ohio in 1896, on a farm, where her interest in food and nutrition is thought to have developed. In high school she studied domestic science.
Education
After high school, Stiebeling enrolled in a two year program in domestic science at Skidmore College. She is said to have discovered Dr. Henry Sherman's book, "The Chemistry of Food and Nutrition," in the college's library and to have been inspired by it.
After graduating from Skidmore, Stiebeling was employed for three years as a schoolteacher and then she entered the Columbia University Teachers' College where she was an assistant in Foods and Nutrition under Professor Mary Swartz Rose. She graduated with a BS in 1919, and then completed an MA in nutrition in 1924.
Stiebeling became a research fellow under Dr. Henry Sherman at the Graduate School of Columbia University after receiving her MA. Her research was in the basal metabolism of women, the influence of vitamin D on calcium deposition in bone, the nutritional value of protein in human subjects, and others projects. She was awarded a PhD in chemistry in 1928. Her thesis was on a method for studying the content of vitamins A and D in tissues.
In 1930, after graduation from the PhD program, she was hired as Head of the new Section on Food Economics at the USDA Bureau of Home Economics. There, she conducted an extensive investigation of the nutritional value of US diets that has continued until the present day (2005).
Notable scientific contributions
Hazel Stiebeling developed a USDA publication on diet planning in 1933 that is the first known publication to include the term "dietary allowances". It was the first quantitative national dietary standard for the minerals calcium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamins A and C. The values were based on her research in the Sherman laboratory.
In 1939 Stiebeling worked with Esther Phipard to include USDA dietary allowances for thiamine and riboflavin. Their proposal for recognizing some variance between individuals in a population also stimulated an "allowance of a margin of 50% above the average minimum for normal maintenance [...] an estimate intended to cover individual variations of minimal nutritional need among apparently normal people." This technique has been the standard for developing dietary plans by international organizations like the FAO and the WHO.
References
Alfred E. Harper. Contributions of Women Scientists in the U.S. to the Development of Recommended Dietary Allowances. The American Society for Nutritional Sciences J. Nutr. 133:3698-3702, November 2003.
Yost, Edna. (1943) American Women of Science. Frederick A. Stokes Company, Philadelphia and New York.
1989 deaths
1896 births
American women nutritionists
American nutritionists
United States Department of Agriculture people
Skidmore College alumni
People from Ohio
Recipients of the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service |
4029450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrean%20tallero | Eritrean tallero | The tallero was the currency of Eritrea between 1890 and 1921. It was subdivided into 5 lire, each of 100 centesimi. The lira was equivalent to the Italian lira.
Five lire coins, engraved by Filippo Speranza, feature Umberto I of Italy with the lettering UMBERTO I RE D'ITALIA · 1896 on the obverse, and an eagle with a shield on the reverse. They weigh 28.1250g with an actual silver weight of 0.7234oz of .800 fineness, and are 40mmin diameter with a thickness of 3.1mm.
From 1885, banknotes denominated in lire were issued by the Italian colonial authorities. In 1890, the silver tallero, patterned after the Maria Theresa thaler, was introduced (together with 50 centesimi, 1 and 2 lire coins). The last tallero were minted in 1918. In 1921, the tallero was abandoned and Italian currency circulated alone until banknotes were issued in lire in 1938.
References
Modern obsolete currencies
1890 establishments in Eritrea
1921 disestablishments in Eritrea
Economy of Eritrea
History of Eritrea |
4029458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Man%20House | Old Man House | Old Man House was the largest "bighouse" (a type of longhouse) in what is now the U.S. state of Washington, and once stood on the shore of Puget Sound. Lying at the center of the Suquamish winter village on Agate Pass, just south of the present-day town of Suquamish, it was home to Chief Sealth (Chief Seattle) and Chief Kitsap.
History
The name of the site in Lushootseed was D'Suq'Wub (dxʷsuqʼʷabš), meaning "clear salt water," and is the source of the name of the Suquamish people. The name "Old Man House" comes from the Chinook Jargon word "oleman" meaning "old, worn out", but also meaning "from the old times". "House" in the Chinook Jargon referred to any kind of building, or even to individual rooms within them.
Archeological investigations have revealed that the village site was occupied for at least 2000 years. Accounts vary as to when the longhouse itself was constructed; many sources indicate it was built in the late 18th or early 19th century, but it might have been built earlier. Reports of the longhouse's size also vary, putting its length between 600 and 1000 feet (approximately 200–300 m).
The lands around Old Man House were retained by the Suquamish tribe after the Point Elliott Treaty was signed in 1855, becoming the Port Madison Indian Reservation. However, the longhouse was burned by the U.S. government in 1870, after Seattle's death. The destruction of the longhouse was intended to encourage the Suquamish to spread out across their reservation and take up farming. After it was burned, the Suquamish rebuilt their village at the site and continued to live there. In 1886 the federal government divided the reservation into allotments which were assigned to individual Suquamish families. In 1904 the U.S. War Department acquired land along Agate Pass, including the site of Old Man House, to build fortifications to protect the new naval shipyards at Bremerton. The village site had to be moved, and the tribe lost much of its water access. The fortifications were never built, and the land purchased by the military was eventually sold in 1937 to a private developer and subdivided for vacation homes. In 1950, the Washington Parks and Recreation Department purchased an acre of waterfront where Old Man House had been located and set it aside as a state park. The park was returned to the Suquamish Tribe on August 12, 2004.
See also
Port Madison Indian Reservation
Suquamish Museum and Cultural Center
Notes
References
External links
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Kitsap County, Washington
Coast Salish art and artifacts
Native American history of Washington (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Kitsap County, Washington |
4029466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNU | PNU | PNU can stand for:
Education
Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran headquarters and 500+ locations worldwide.
Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Philippine Normal University, Manila, Philippine
Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat, Thailand
Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Other uses
Party of National Unity (Kenya), a Kenyan political party
Penrith Nepean United, an association football club in New South Wales, Australia
Protein Nitrogen Unit, a measure of the potency of the compounds used in allergy skin tests |
4029490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymn%20to%20St%20Cecilia | Hymn to St Cecilia | Hymn to St Cecilia, Op. 27 is a choral piece by Benjamin Britten (1913–1976), a setting of a poem by W. H. Auden written between 1940 and 1942. Auden's original title was "Three Songs for St. Cecilia's Day", and he later published the poem as "Anthem for St. Cecilia’s Day (for Benjamin Britten)".
For a long time Britten wanted to write a piece dedicated to St Cecilia for a number of reasons. Firstly, he was born on St Cecilia's day; secondly, St Cecilia is the patron saint of music; and finally, there is a long tradition in England of writing odes and songs to St Cecilia. The most famous of these are by John Dryden ("A song for St. Cecilia's Day" 1687) and musical works by Henry Purcell, Hubert Parry, and George Frideric Handel. Another briefer work by Herbert Howells has the similar title A Hymn for St Cecilia, but was written later in 1960. The first extant reference to Britten's desire to write such a work is from 1935 when Britten wrote in his diary "I’m having great difficulty in finding Latin words for a proposed Hymn to St Cecilia. Spend morning hunting."
Britten first met Auden later that year, and subsequently worked with him on a number of large-scale works, including the operetta Paul Bunyan (1941). Britten asked that Auden provide him a text for his ode to St Cecilia, and Auden complied, sending the poem in sections throughout 1940, along with advice on how Britten could be a better artist. This was to be one of the last works they collaborated on. According to Britten's partner Peter Pears in 1980 "Ben was on a different track now, and he was no longer prepared to be dominated – bullied – by Wystan, whose musical feeling he was very well aware of. ...Perhaps he may have been said to have said goodbye to working with Wystan with his marvelous setting of the Hymn (Anthem) to St. Cecilia."
Britten began setting Hymn to St. Cecilia in the United States, certainly in June 1941 when a performance by the newly formed Elizabethan Singers was projected to take place in New York sometime later that year. In 1942 (the midst of World War II) Britten and Pears decided to return home to England. The customs inspectors confiscated all of Britten's manuscripts, fearing they could be some type of code. Britten re-wrote the manuscript while aboard the MS Axel Johnson, and finished it on 2 April 1942. It was written at the same time as A Ceremony of Carols, which shares the same affect.
The text itself follows in the tradition of odes, including an invocation to the muse: "Blessed Cecilia/Appear in visions to all musicians/Appear and inspire". Britten uses this as a refrain throughout piece, whereas it is the last portion of Auden's first section.
The piece is in three sections, plus three iterations of the refrain, with slight variations, following each section. The first section is very similar to the refrain, couched in the E Phrygian scale and with the same melody. The second section is a scherzo with a modified fugue form. The third section is more lyrical, with solos in each voice describing a different instrument, traditional in odes to St. Cecilia.
The hymn was given its first (radio) performance in 1942.
Notes
References
Britten, Benjamin. Hymn to St. Cecilia. Op. 27. New York; Boosey and Hawkes, 1942.
Britten, Benjamin. Journeying Boy: The Diaries of the Young Benjamin Britten 1928-1938 (selected and edited by John Evans). London; Faber & Faber, 2009.
Carpenter, Humphrey. Benjamin Britten, A Biography. New York: C. Scribner and Sons, 1992.
Rosamond McGuiness, Tony Trowles. "Ode (ii): Odes for St. Cecilia's Day", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed December 10, 2004), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
Mitchell, Donald. Ed. Letters from a Life: The selected Letters and Diaries of Benjamin Britten 1939-1976. Volume 2. London; Faber & Faber, 1991.
1942 compositions
Choral compositions
Compositions by Benjamin Britten
Poetry by W. H. Auden |
4029501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin%20Islands%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Virgin Islands at the 2006 Winter Olympics | The United States Virgin Islands (USVI) sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10 to 26 February 2006. The only competitor sent by the USVI was Anne Abernathy, who broke her wrist in a practice run and was therefore unable to compete.
Background
The Virgin Islands Olympic Committee was first recognized by the International Olympic Committee on 31 December 1966. The USVI have sent competitors to every Summer Olympic Games since, excepting the boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics. The territory first sent athletes to a Winter Olympic Games in 1988, and competed in every Winter Olympics between 1988 and Turin. The United States Virgin Islands have won a medal in Olympic competition only once, by Peter Holmberg in sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics. The 2006 Winter Olympics were held in Turin, Italy from 10–26 February 2006; a total of 2,508 athletes participated, representing 80 National Olympic Committees. The team the USVI sent to Turin consisted of a single luger, Anne Abernathy. She was the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony. In the closing ceremony, she intended to carry her red racing helmet in one hand, saying "Women of 50 all over the world can participate in life ... I’m passionate about my sport … I’m not over the hill."
Luge
Anne Abernathy, known by the nickname "Grandma Luge", was 52 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics. Abernathy was the oldest female athlete at these Olympics. About her age, she said, "It's a big deal for a lot of women that someone over 50 is going out there and doing it." She had represented the Virgin Islands at the five proceeding Winter Olympics. She was forced out of the women's singles competition due to a broken wrist suffered in her fifth training run on 12 February. Initially left off the start list entirely, a three-judge panel of the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled on 17 February 2006 that she should officially be recorded as "Did Not Start". The other female lugers gifted her a signed start number 31, with Michelle Despain of Argentina writing "Thank you for your example, Anne." In the competition, the Germans swept the medals; Sylke Otto won gold; Silke Kraushaar-Pielach took the silver, and Tatjana Hüfner won the bronze.
See also
Virgin Islands at the Olympics
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
2006 in United States Virgin Islands sports |
4029505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tall%20Man | Tall Man | Tall Man may refer to:
Tall Man (album), a 1979 country album
Tall Man (Phantasm), a fictional character
Tall Man (Trilby's Notes), a fictional character
Tall Man lettering, using upper case lettering in drug names to avoid medication errors
Tall man, a video installation by artist Vernon Ah Kee
See also
The Tall Man (disambiguation) |
4029510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rao%20Asthan | Rao Asthan | Rao Asthan (died April 15, 1291) was the second Rao of Rathore clan. His father was Rao Sheoji and his mother was a Chavdi Rajputani.
History
He conquered Khed from Guhilotes and consequently his descendants bore the patronymic Khedecha Rathores.
Rao Asthan killed Samaliya Koli of Idar and granted Idar to his younger brother Sonag. Songa's descendants are thus known as Idariya Rathore.
Aja, Rao Asthan's another younger brother migrated near Dwarka, where he killed Bhojraj Chavda. Aja's descendants are known are Vadhels.
In 1291 A.D., Jalaludin Khilji alias Feroze Shah II attacked Pali. Rao Asthan reached Pali from Khed} and met the Feroze Shah's army. He died fighting the Feroze Shah's forces on 15 April 1291.
Asthan had eight sons: Rao Doohad, Rao Jopsa, Rao Dhandhul, Rao Hirnak, Rao Pohad, Rao Khipsa, Rao Aasal and Rao Chachig.
Rao Dhandhul took over control of Kolu. His son was Pabu Ji Rathore.
See also
Rulers of Marwar
References
Maheca Rathaurom ka mula itihasa: Ravala Mallinatha ke vamsaja - Maheca, Baramera, Pokarana, Kotariya aura Khavariya Rathaurom ka sodhapurna itihasa by Dr. Hukam Singh Bhati. Publisher: Ratan Prakashan, Jodhpur (1990)''
1291 deaths
Military personnel killed in action
13th-century Indian people
Year of birth unknown |
4029531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%20Is%20Hot%2C%20Truth%20Is%20Molten | Love Is Hot, Truth Is Molten | Love Is Hot, Truth Is Molten is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released in Australia on 7 April 1998 (Raven Records 68).
History
In 1998, Raven Records issued a comprehensive overview of Donovan's 1960s material as Love Is Hot, Truth Is Molten. The album featured many of the songs in true stereo, unique to any Donovan compact disc release up until that time.
Track listing
All tracks by Donovan Leitch, except where noted.
"Catch the Wind" – 2:54
"Colours" – 2:43
"Universal Soldier" (Buffy Sainte-Marie) – 2:12
"Hey Gyp (Dig the Slowness)" – 3:11
"Josie" – 3:24
"Season of the Witch" – 5:00
"Celeste" – 4:09
"Sunshine Superman" – 4:33
"The Trip" – 4:34
"Mellow Yellow" – 3:41
"Superlungs" – 3:15
"Epistle to Dippy" – 3:09
"There Is a Mountain" – 2:34
"Wear Your Love Like Heaven" – 2:24
"Jennifer Juniper" – 2:42
"Poor Cow" – 2:56
"Hurdy Gurdy Man" – 3:15
"Laleña" – 2:59
"Atlantis" – 5:01
"Goo Goo Barabajagal (Love Is Hot)" – 3:18
"To Susan on the West Coast Waiting" – 3:11
"Celia of the Seals" – 3:00
"Cosmic Wheels" – 4:02
References
External links
Love Is Hot, Truth Is Molten – Donovan Unofficial Site
Albums produced by Mickie Most
1998 compilation albums
Donovan compilation albums |
4029532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Sound%20Design | Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design | The Filmfare Best Sound is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films.
Here is a list of some of the award winners and the films for which they won.
List
See also
Filmfare Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
External links
Filmfare Awards winners by the year
Sound |
4029540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisha%20Rules%20the%20World | Alisha Rules the World | Alisha Rules the World is the debut album by English pop duo Alisha's Attic, released on 4 November 1996. The album received positive reviews, and went platinum in the following year, selling 400,000 copies in the UK (with another 100,000 in Japan). The four singles released from the album all reached the top 20 of the UK Singles Chart.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Karen Poole, Shelly Poole and Terry Martin
"Irresistible U Are" – 1:49
"Intense" – 3:55
"I Am, I Feel" – 4:00
"Alisha Rules the World" – 4:34
"White Room" – 4:13
"Stone in My Shoe" – 4:39
"Personality Lines" – 0:54
"Indestructible" – 3:39
"I Won't Miss You" – 4:01
"The Golden Rule" – 1:34
"Just the Way You Like It" – 3:57
"Air We Breathe" – 4:37
"Adore U" – 3:57
Note: "Indestructible" was consistently misspelt as "Indestructable" on CD and printed covers as was "Irresistible" misspelt as "Irresistable".
Personnel
Alisha's Attic
Karen Poole - vocals
Shelly Poole - vocals
with:
Dave Stewart - "all guitars and fairy dust"
Chucho Merchán - bass, double bass
Terry Disley - keyboards
Andy Wright, Garry Hughes, Paul Taylor - keyboards, programming
Kat Evans - electric violin
Olle Romo - additional programming on "Air We Breathe"
Caroline Dale - cello on "Air We Breathe"
Fenella Barton, Thomas Bowes - violin on "Air We Breathe"
Andrew Brown - viola on "Air We Breathe"
Singles
Each single was released as a pair of CDs and one cassette in the UK:
"I Am, I Feel" (15 July 1996)
"Alisha Rules the World" (21 October 1996)
"Indestructible" (1997)
"Air We Breathe" (30 June 1997)
Track listings
"I Am, I Feel"
UK CD 1 / AUSTRALIAN CD:
"I Am, I Feel"
"Angel Eyes (Live @ the Corbin Hall)"
"White Room (Live @ the Corbin Hall)"
"I Am, I Feel (Dark Disco Mix)"
UK CD 2:
"I Am, I Feel"
"Daffodil or a Diamond"
"I Am, I Feel (Jr. Vasquez Urban Mix)"
"I Am, I Feel (Jr. Vasquez Urban Beats)"
"Alisha Rules the World"
UK CD 1:
"Alisha Rules the World"
"White Room (Live)"
"Alisha Rules the World (Sex and Love Mix)" - Mislabled – the track is actually the "Love and Love Mix"
"Drunken and Tearful"
UK CD 2:
"Alisha Rules the World"
"God Lives There"
"Alisha Rules the World (Network Nut Dub)" - Mislabled – the track is actually the "Sex and Love Mix"
"Alisha Rules the World (Mirror Ball Mix)"
Australian CD:
"Alisha Rules the World"
"Alisha Rules the World (Sex and Love Mix)"
"Alisha Rules the World (Network Nut Dub)"
"Alisha Rules the World (Mirror Ball Mix)"
"I Am, I Feel"
"Indestructible"
CD 1:
"Indestructible"
"Army of Fools"
"Sweet Escape"
"White Room (Shagsonic Remix)"
CD 2:
"Indestructible"
"Indestructible (Shagsonic Remix)"
"Indestructible (Shagsonic Dub)"
"Indestructible (Mekon Barely Breaking Even Mix)"
"Indestructible (Mekon Breaking Even Mix)"
"Indestructible (Skylab Mix)"
"Air We Breathe"
CD 1:
"Air We Breathe (New Version)"
"I Am, I Feel"
"Inevitable"
"Bitter Lemon"
CD 2:
"Air We Breathe (New Version)"
"I Am, I Feel (Acoustic Version)"
"Air We Breathe (Talvin Singh Dub Mix)"
"Air We Breathe (Synth Strings Mix)"
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
External links
1996 debut albums
Alisha's Attic albums
Albums produced by David A. Stewart
Mercury Records albums |
4029541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronoid%20process | Coronoid process | The Coronoid process (from Greek , "like a crown") can refer to:
The coronoid process of the mandible, part of the ramus mandibulae of the mandible
The coronoid process of the ulna, a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna |
4029542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Newcastle%20upon%20Tyne | List of people from Newcastle upon Tyne | This is a list of notable people born in, or associated with, Newcastle upon Tyne in England.
Born in Newcastle
Residents (past and present)
References
Newcastle upon Tyne
People |
4029544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belle%20Vue%2C%20Manchester | Belle Vue, Manchester | Belle Vue is an area of Manchester, England, east of the city centre, bordered by the Hope Valley Line on the east and the Glossop Line on the west. It is known for the former Belle Vue Zoological Gardens and Belle Vue Stadium.
Belle Vue is part of the electoral ward of Longsight.
Belle Vue railway station lies on the Hope Valley Line.
For many years there was a zoo and amusement park, with an annual circus. The zoo opened in 1836. It occupied a 96-acre site and at the height of its popularity attracted 2,000,000 visitors annually. It was eventually closed in the 1970s due to mounting debts. The park closed in 1982. Later the location was used for professional wrestling.
In 1897, the machine tool manufacturer Kendall and Gent opened the Victoria Works. The company closed down in the late 1960s.
Belle Vue is currently home to the National Basketball Performance Centre, headquarters of Basketball England. It the home arena of men's basketball team Manchester Giants, women's basketball team Manchester Mystics, and women's netball team Manchester Thunder.
Geography
References
Belle Vue |
4029552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie%20Bracey | Bonnie Bracey | Bonnie Laverne Bracey is an American teacher and technology consultant based in Washington, D.C. Bracey was the only teacher selected by the Clinton Administration for serving on the National Information Infrastructure Advisory Council, whose work in the mid 1990s led to the creation of the E-rate program. She also served as lead educator on President Bill Clinton's 21st Century Teacher Initiative.
In 1993, Bracey was selected as a Christa McAuliffe Educator, and subsequently worked with NASA on various education programmes. Currently she is an international educational consultant; in this capacity she conducts outreach activities for the George Lucas Education Foundation and other groups. Bracey is an active member of the Digital Divide Network.
References
Bracey profile, NII Advisory Council
External links
Bonnie Bracey's Digital Divide Network profile
Bracey's Web log
Bibliography of Works by and About Bonnie Bracey
Bonnie Bracey and Rosa Parks Before the Departure of Rosa Parks
Bonnie Bracey and Educational Technology and the New York Times
EDUCATION: TECHNOLOGY: Bonnie Bracey, Teachers and Technology
Digital divide activists
Schoolteachers from Washington, D.C.
American women educators
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women |
4029557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNX | PNX | PNX can stand for:
Phong-Kniang (language code)
Phoenix Companies (ticker symbol)
Phoenix LRT station, Singapore (LRT station abbreviation)
many of the other meanings of Phoenix (disambiguation)
A Unix-like operating system developed by ICL for the PERQ workstation computer |
4029558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Hamster%20Saga | Golden Hamster Saga | The Golden Hamster Saga is a children's book series written by German author Dietlof Reiche, and translated by John Brownjohn. It was illustrated by Joe Cepeda. The series revolves around a golden hamster named Freddy Auratus, two silly guinea pigs named Enrico and Caruso, a black, civilized tomcat named Sir William, and Freddy's owner, Mr. John, who translates German to English.
All mammals (except humans) in this series communicate in Interanimal, a telepathic language. The only animal that can read and write is Freddy. He goes on adventures with his friends Sir William, Enrico, Caruso, and Tjark.
Characters
Freddy Auratus is a smart, golden hamster that can read and write, but only with a keyboard. He can talk in Interanimal, and other pets often ask him to type something to Mr. John for them.
Enrico and Caruso, Enrico is a smaller guinea pig, while Caruso is a larger one, often taunt Freddy by saying guinea pigs are superior to golden hamsters. They enjoy singing songs, writing plays, and making animals laugh. They are named after the famous opera singer, Enrico Caruso.
Sir William is a 'respectable' tom cat that says he will not kill an animal for food. He also always makes laws for the other pets to obey and is loyal to Mr. John. However, later in the series, Sir William catches mice.
Mr. John, a human who takes care of all the pets, can understand Freddy by the words the hamster types on his computer.
Tjark, first appearing in the fifth book, is a robotic hamster that was built by Goldoni, an Italian scientist. He is friends with Enrico, Caruso, and Sir William.
Sophie, a young girl, was Freddy's original owner.
Titles
The five books in the series are:
I, Freddy follows Freddy going to a new home.
Freddy in Peril - Freddy is stalked by an evil scientist.
Freddy to the Rescue - Freddy saves some field hamsters.
The Haunting of Freddy - Freddy is haunted by a ghost during his vacation at a castle.
Freddy's Final Quest - Freddy must fight off Crusaders from the past to return to his own time
Reception
Publishers Weekly called the first novel in the series "worth putting down on paper". Moreover, they write that "Brownjohn's [English] translation reads smoothly and captures the considerable wit of the narrative. Spare yet comical, Cepeda's line art reveals endearing views of Freddy and some inventive shots of his surroundings." The Australian Broadcasting Corporation review of the first book, described it as strong: "The empowering nature of literacy has been captured perfectly in this remarkable little autobiography of golden hamster, Freddy Auratus."
References
Series of children's books
German children's literature
Children's novels about animals
Fictional hamsters
Fictional writers |
4029561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WECS | WECS | WECS (90.1 FM) is a college radio station based in Windham, Connecticut, on the campus of Eastern Connecticut State University. The station broadcasts on 90.1 MHz with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 430 watts at a height above average terrain (HAAT) of 116 meters.
WECS began in the 1970s as a turntable mounted in a 3x4' square of plywood which sat atop a work sink in a janitor's closet in an old dormitory. This was not a licensed station. It ran at approximately 10 watts and was a pirate broadcaster. At the time, Eastern Connecticut State University was not yet accredited as a university. In the late 1970s, a movement was afoot to get a legitimate radio station for the communications department. This was orchestrated by former WCBS announcer Prof. John Zatowski.
By 1982, test broadcasts had begun, and by 1984, WECS-FM was on air. In the succeeding decades, a number of long-time DJs have come and gone: Joe Standby, Bash, Robbo Retro, Alf ("The Alternative Xperience"), Mark E. Ramone, Beechnut, James 'DJ Ras J' McGurk, Gabriel Silverman and others. Marko, Hack, and Jeffrey Nash remain. Despite the stations relatively minor stature, a good number of its staff have moved on to work in the media industry.
At present, WECS is a National Public Radio affiliate and John Zatowski the general manager. In July 2008, WECS moved into its new air studio.
See also
Connecticut Public Radio
Eastern Connecticut State University
Campus radio
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20170609172838/http://www.wecsfm.com/schedule/
Eastern Connecticut State University
Willimantic, Connecticut
ECS
Windham County, Connecticut
ECS
NPR member stations
Radio stations established in 1982
1982 establishments in Connecticut |
4029572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%20Repulski | Rip Repulski | Eldon John "Rip" Repulski (October 4, 1928 – February 10, 1993) was an American professional baseball player, an outfielder in Major League Baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals (1953–56), Philadelphia Phillies (1957–58), Los Angeles Dodgers (1959–60) and Boston Red Sox (1960–61). He batted and threw right-handed, stood tall and weighed . He was born in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota.
Playing career
In a nine-season MLB career, Repulski posted a .269 batting average with 830 hits, 106 home runs and 416 RBI in 928 games played. He recorded a .976 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions.
A fine defensive player at all outfield positions, Repulski became the regular center fielder for the St. Louis Cardinals in his rookie season. He appeared in a career-high 153 games and finished third in National League Rookie of the Year voting behind Jim Gilliam and Harvey Haddix.
Repulski enjoyed his most productive seasons in and .
In , he hit 19 home runs and posted career highs in batting average (.283), runs (99), RBI (79) and doubles (39). From June 13–25 he had a string of ten consecutive games in which he collected two or more hits, going 22-for-44 (.500), half for extra bases. After that, he hit in six more consecutive games before going hitless.
In Repulski posted career highs in home runs (23), walks (49), on-base percentage (.333), slugging average (.467), OPS+ (110), and batting runs (7.7).
He earned an All-Star berth in . Pinch-hitting for National League starting pitcher Bob Friend, he batted against Whitey Ford in the fourth inning and was retired on a foul pop fly to the catcher.
At the end of the '56 season, he was sent to the Philadelphia Phillies in the same trade that brought Del Ennis to St. Louis.
Repulski hit 20 home runs for the Phillies in 1957. A year later, he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers along with two other players in exchange for second baseman Sparky Anderson. He appeared in the 1959 World Series with the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Traded by Los Angeles to the Boston Red Sox in the 1960 midseason for Nelson Chittum, Repulski hit a grand slam at Fenway Park in his first American League at bat. He played his last major league season with the Red Sox in 1961.
Personal life
Repulski married the former Mildred M. "Millie" Ellis on December 30, 1950. The couple had one child together, a daughter, Nadine Sue. Rip Repulski died in Sauk Rapids at the age of 64.
References
External links
, or Baseball Library
1928 births
1993 deaths
Baseball players from Minnesota
Boston Red Sox players
Fresno Cardinals players
Houston Buffaloes players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball outfielders
National League All-Stars
Omaha Cardinals players
People from Sauk Rapids, Minnesota
Philadelphia Phillies players
Rochester Red Wings players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Syracuse Chiefs players
West Frankfort Cardinals players
Winston-Salem Cardinals players |
4029581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Rice%2C%206th%20Baron%20Dynevor | Arthur Rice, 6th Baron Dynevor | Arthur de Cardonnel FitzUryan Rice, 6th Baron Dynevor (24 January 1836 – 8 June 1911), was a British peer.
Life
He was the son of Francis William Rice, 5th Baron Dynevor, and Harriett Ives Barker. His elder sister, Ellen Joyce, was a pioneer of women's emigration.
On 17 October 1855 Rice matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford. He gained a B.A. degree in 1855 and was awarded an M.A. degree in 1865.
Rice married Selina Lascelles, the daughter of Hon. Arthur Lascelles, the fifth son of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood. The child of the couple was Walter FitzUryan Rice, born 17 August 1873. Walter later reverted to the Welsh form of his name "Rhys".
He became a member of Carmarthenshire County Council at the inaugural elections in 1889, representing Llandybie.
The 6th Baron Dynevor died on 8 June 1911 aged 75 at Dynevor Castle.
References
1836 births
1911 deaths
06
Dynevor, Arthur Rice, 6th Baron
Arthur
Members of Carmarthenshire County Council |
4029585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannayan%E2%80%93Riley%E2%80%93Ruvalcaba%20syndrome | Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome | Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) is a rare overgrowth syndrome and hamartomatous disorder with occurrence of multiple subcutaneous lipomas, macrocephaly and hemangiomas. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
The disease belongs to a family of hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, which also includes Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis and Cowden syndrome. Mutation of the PTEN gene underlies this syndrome, as well as Cowden syndrome, Proteus syndrome, and Proteus-like syndrome, these four syndromes are referred to as PTEN Hamartoma-Tumor Syndromes.
Signs and symptoms
Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome is associated with enlarged head and benign mesodermal hamartomas (multiple hemangiomas, and intestinal polyps). Dysmorphy as well as delayed neuropsychomotor development can also be present. The head enlargement does not cause widening of the ventricles or raised intracranial pressure; these individuals have a higher risk of developing tumors, as the gene involved in BRRs is phosphatase and tensin homologue.
Some individuals have thyroid issues consistent with multinodular goiter, thyroid adenoma, differentiated non-medullary thyroid cancer,
most lesions are slowly growing. Visceral as well as intracranial involvement may occur in some cases, and can cause bleeding and symptomatic mechanical compression
Genetics
The genetics of the Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome is determined, in the majority of cases, via the PTEN gene which presents about 30 mutations in this condition. This gene which regulates cell growth, when not working properly can lead to hamartomas. PTEN chromosomal location is 10q23.31, while the molecular location is 87,863,438 to 87,971,930 There are many syndromes that are linked to PTEN aside from Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba Syndrome.
The syndrome combines Bannayan–Zonana syndrome, Riley–Smith syndrome, and Ruvalcaba–Myhre–Smith syndrome. Bannayan–Zonana syndrome is named for George A. Bannayan and Jonathan Zonana
Diagnosis
In terms of diagnosing Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome there is no current method outside the physical characteristics that may be present as signs/symptoms. There are, however, multiple molecular genetics tests (and cytogenetic test) to determine Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for BRRS consists of the following:
Treatment
In terms of management one should observe what signs or symptoms are present and therefore treat those as there is no other current guideline. The affected individual should be monitored for cancer of:
Thyroid
Breast
Renal
See also
List of cutaneous conditions
List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes
References
Further reading
External links
Deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins
Soft tissue disorders
Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms
Syndromes affecting head size
Syndromes affecting the nervous system
Syndromes affecting the gastrointestinal tract
Syndromes with tumors
Rare syndromes |
4029591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20%26%20Peace%20Vol.%202%20%28The%20Peace%20Disc%29 | War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) | War & Peace Volume 2 (The Peace Disc) is the sixth studio album by American rapper Ice Cube, released March 21, 2000 on his own label Lench Mob Records with distribution by Priority Records. It is the second part from the two-album project War & Peace; the previous volume, War & Peace Vol. 1 (The War Disc) was released in 1998. This was Ice Cube's final album under Priority Records and his last until the release of Laugh Now, Cry Later in 2006.
The album received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200, selling 185,000 copies in its first week. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in May 2000. The club song "You Can Do It", which then later re-released in 2004, was a UK number two for Ice Cube.
Commercial performance
War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200, selling 185,000 copies in its first week. This became Ice Cube's fifth US top-ten album. The album also debuted at number one on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On May 31, 2000, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 copies in the United States.
Track listing
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.
Samples
Until We Rich
"Show Me" by Glenn Jones
Record Company Pimpin
"Riding High" by Faze-O
"Please Listen to My Demo" by EPMD
Hello
"The Watcher" by Dr. Dre
Waitin' Ta Hate
"Public Enemy No. 1" by Public Enemy
"So Wat Cha Sayin'" by EPMD
You Can Do It
"I Dream of Jeannie" by Hugo Montenegro
"Rapper's Delight" by Sugarhill Gang
"The Breaks" by Kurtis Blow
"Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa and Soulsonic Force
"I Wanna Rock" by Luke
Gotta Be Insanity
"Keep It Hot" by Cameo
"The What" by The Notorious B.I.G.
Mackin' & Driving
"Pushin' Weight" by Ice Cube
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
See also
List of number-one R&B albums of 2000 (U.S.)
References
External links
War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) at Discogs
War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) at MusicBrainz
War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) at Tower Records
2000 albums
Ice Cube albums
Albums produced by Battlecat (producer)
Albums produced by Bud'da
Albums produced by Dr. Dre
Albums produced by Sean Combs
Priority Records albums
Sequel albums |
4029595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniang%20language | Kniang language | Phong, also known as Kniang, is an Austroasiatic language of the Mon–Khmer family, spoken in Laos. Its nearest relatives are the fellow Xinh Mul tongues, the Khang language and Puoc language, both spoken in Vietnam. The number of speakers of Phong-Kniang is estimated at 30,700.
Phong Kaneng and Phong Kniang are dialects. Phong is spoken in northeastern Laos, such as in Hua Muong, Sam Neua Province.
References
External links
http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-9B78-5@view Phong Laan in RWAAI Digital Archive
Khmuic languages
Languages of Laos |
4029599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Tate | John Tate | John Tate may refer to:
John Tate (mathematician) (1925–2019), American mathematician
John Torrence Tate Sr. (1889–1950), American physicist
John Tate (Australian politician) (1895–1977)
John Tate (actor) (1915–1979), Australian actor
John Stuart Tate, Australian politician
John Tate (boxer) (1955–1998), World Heavyweight Champion
John Tate (Lord Mayor of London, 1473) (died 1479), Lord Mayor of London
John Tate (papermaker) (died 1507/8), English paper maker
John Tate (Lord Mayor of London) (died 1515), Lord Mayor, 1496 and 1514
John Tate (footballer) (1892–1973), English footballer
John Tate, a character in The Faculty
See also
Jack Tate (disambiguation)
John Tait (disambiguation) |
4029605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasone%20suppression%20test | Dexamethasone suppression test | The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is used to assess adrenal gland function by measuring how cortisol levels change in response to oral doses or an injection of dexamethasone. It is typically used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome.
The DST was historically used for diagnosing depression, but by 1988 it was considered to be "at best, severely limited in its clinical ability" for this purpose.
Physiology
Dexamethasone is an exogenous steroid that provides negative feedback to the pituitary gland to suppress the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Specifically, dexamethasone binds to glucocorticoid receptors in the anterior pituitary gland, which lie outside the blood-brain barrier, resulting in regulatory modulation.
Test Procedures
There are several types of DST procedures:
Overnight DST - An oral dose of dexamethasone is given between 11pm and midnight, and the cortisol level is measured at 8 - 9am the next morning
Two-day DST - This involves giving an oral dose of dexamethasone at six-hourly intervals for 2 days, with the cortisol level measured 6 hours after the final dose was given
Intravenous DST
Dexamethasone-CRT test
Interpretation
Low-dose and high-dose variations of the test exist. The test is given at low (usually 1–2 mg) and high (8 mg) doses of dexamethasone, and the levels of cortisol are measured to obtain the results.
A low dose of dexamethasone suppresses cortisol in individuals with no pathology in endogenous cortisol production. A high dose of dexamethasone exerts negative feedback on pituitary neoplastic ACTH-producing cells (Cushing's disease), but not on ectopic ACTH-producing cells or adrenal adenoma (Cushing's syndrome).
Dose
A normal result is a decrease in cortisol levels upon administration of low-dose dexamethasone. Results indicative of Cushing's disease involve no change in cortisol on low-dose dexamethasone, but inhibition of cortisol on high-dose dexamethasone. If the cortisol levels are unchanged by low- and high-dose dexamethasone, then other causes of Cushing's syndrome must be considered with further work-up necessary.
After the high-dose dexamethasone, it may be possible to make further interpretations.
†ACTH as measured prior to dosing of dexamethasone
Equivocal results should be followed by a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test, with inferior petrosal sinus sampling.
References
Theodore C. Friedman, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Medicine-UCLA Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine Charles R. Drew University (2013).
Endocrine procedures
Dynamic endocrine function tests |
4029608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman%20loaf | Pullman loaf | The pullman loaf, sometimes called the "sandwich loaf" or "pan bread", is a type of bread made with white flour and baked in a long, narrow, lidded pan. The French term for this style of loaf is pain de mie, or, less commonly, pain anglais.
The name "Pullman" was derived from its use in the kitchens of the Pullman railway cars. Although the Pullman Company is credited with inventing the lidded baking pans used to create the square loaves, square tin pans existed long before the railroad company. European breadmakers began using the pans in the early 18th century to minimize crust. However, George Pullman chose the loaf for use on his railcars for efficiency reasons. Three Pullman loaves occupied the same space as two standard round-topped loaves, thus maximizing the use of space in the small Pullman kitchen.
See also
Bread pan (kitchen utensil in which bread is baked)
Sandwich bread
Sliced bread, with the whole loaf of bread sliced at once by machine, first used in 1928
References
Yeast breads
American breads
Loafs |
4029611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Nepal at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Nepal sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 12–28 February 2006. This was Nepal's second appearance at a Winter Olympic Games, the first having been four years prior. The only athlete sent by Nepal was Dachhiri Sherpa, competing in cross-country skiing. In his only event, the men's 15 kilometre classical, he finished in 94th place.
Background
Nepal first participated in Olympic competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. The nation did not take part in the next Summer Olympics, but have participated in every Summer Games since the 1972 edition. Nepal did not enter the Winter Olympic Games until the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics, these 2006 Games were their second appearance in a Winter Olympics. The only athlete sent by Nepal to the Turin Olympics was Dachhiri Sherpa, competing in cross-country skiing. He was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony while Kamal Chitrakar was the flag bearer for the closing ceremony. Chitrakar was, in 2010, a member of the executive committee of the Nepal Olympic Committee.
Cross-country skiing
Dachhiri Sherpa was 36 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics. He would later go on to represent Nepal at the 2010 Winter Olympics and 2014 Winter Olympics. He only took up skiing three years prior to these Olympics.
In his only event, the 15 kilometre classical, he posted a time of 56 minutes and 47 seconds, which put him in 94th place out of 96 people who finished the race.
See also
Nepal at the 2006 Asian Games
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
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