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4026499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Cake | Jonathan Cake | Jonathan James Cake (born 31 August 1967) is an English actor who has worked on various TV programmes and films. His notable screen roles include Jack Favell in Rebecca (1997), Oswald Mosley in Mosley (1997), Japheth in the NBC television film Noah's Ark (1999), Tyrannus in the ABC miniseries Empire (2005) and Det. Chuck Vance on the ABC drama series Desperate Housewives (2011–2012).
Early life
Cake was born in Worthing, Sussex. His father was a glassware importer and his mother a school administrator. He is the youngest of three sons.
When he was four years old, he was invited on stage during a traditional British pantomime for children. This exposure ignited his interest in the performing arts. By the age of eight, Jonathan had taken drama classes and took part in plays. As a teenager, he toured Britain with London's National Youth Theatre.
After leaving school, Cake studied English at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He became a rugby player in college and graduated in 1989. He attended a two-year training programme at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, then trained with the Royal Shakespeare Company.
Career
In 1992, Jonathan Cake appeared in William Shakespeare's play As You Like It, a Royal Shakespeare Company production at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon. He also performed the play at the Barbican Theatre in London in 1993. Also that year, he appeared in a Royal Shakespeare Company production of Christopher Marlowe's Tamburlaine the Great. He then appeared with the Royal Shakespeare Company in Wallenstein, The Odyssey and Beggar's Opera.
In 1995, Cake acted in the Shared Experience Theatre Company production of George Eliot's novel The Mill on the Floss at London's Lyric Theatre. Cake branched out to the screen when he landed a guest spot in the British TV comedy series Press Gang in 1993. He made his first television film appearance alongside Jasper Carrott and Ann Bryson in BBC's Carrott U Like in 1994 and broke into the film business the following year with a small role in the American film First Knight.
After appearing in episodes of Frank Stubbs Promotes and Goodnight Sweetheart, Cake was cast as Gareth in the BBC series Degrees of Error (1995), opposite Beth Goddard, Julian Glover and Phyllida Law. He then played Ewan in two episodes of the series Grange Hill (1996), Nat in two episodes of Cold Lazarus (1996), and Hattersley in the TV miniseries adaptation of Anne Brontë's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1996). He was also cast in the TV films Nightlife (1996, with Katrin Cartlidge and Jane Horrocks), The Girl (1996) and the 1996 pilot episode of Wings (a planned remake of the American show of the same title, with Una Stubbs). Also in 1996, Cake was in True Blue, a British sports film based on the book True Blue: The Oxford Boat Race Mutiny by Daniel Topolski and Patrick Robinson, and in an episode of The Thin Blue Line.
Cake next worked in Cows (1997), played Jack Favell in the 1997 Anglo-German miniseries Rebecca, based on the 1938 novel of the same name by Daphne du Maurier, and portrayed Peter Templer in a TV miniseries adaptation of Anthony Powell's A Dance to the Music of Time (1997), which starred James Purefoy, Simon Russell Beale and Paul Rhys. He also guest starred in Jonathan Creek (1997). The next year, he starred in Mosley, which was based on the life of British fascist Oswald Mosley. He also portrayed Regan Montana in the TV film Diamond Girl and co-starred with Adrian Dunbar and Susan Vidler in the TV series The Jump (both 1998). The actor closed the decade portraying Japheth in the NBC TV film Noah's Ark (1999). He also worked with Maria Aitken and Leslie Grantham in the British TV film The Bench (1999).
In 2000, Cake played Andrew Pryce-Stevens in Honest. He revisited the stage with work in Baby Doll (2000), an adaptation of the film of the same name by Tennessee Williams, and was handed the Barclays Best Actor Award for his performance. The play performed first at the Royal National Theatre and then in London's West End.
Cake next appeared as Randolph Cleveland in an episode of Dr. Terrible's House of Horrible (2001), co-starred with Lara Belmont and Teresa Churcher in the television thriller The Swap (2002), starred as Jack Wellington in the short-lived Fox series The American Embassy (2002), and was cast as Andrea in the British film The One and Only (2002). Still in 2002, Cake made his Broadway debut in the leading role of Jason in the Euripides play Medea.
Cake appeared in the Canadian television film Riverworld (2003), portrayed Dr. Mengele in the Showtime TV film Out of the Ashes (2003), and portrayed John Christow in the 2004 episode "The Hollow" of Agatha Christie's Poirot. He starred as Jason Shepherd in the film Fallen (2004), appeared as Dr. Malcolm Bowers in an episode of NBC's Inconceivable called "Sex, Lies and Sonograms" (2005), and portrayed Alastair Campbell in the TV film The Government Inspector (2005). He was also cast as a gladiator named Tyrannus in the ABC historical TV series Empire, which ran from 28 June 2005 to 26 July 2005.
Cake played the recurring role of Roy in the ABC short-lived drama series Six Degrees (2006–07). He appeared in an episode of Extras called "Sir Ian McKellen" (2006) and played Marshall Crawford in the TV film The Mastersons of Manhattan (2007).
On stage, Cake played Father Flynn in John Patrick Shanley's play Doubt (2005) at the Pasadena Playhouse. He then performed in Coriolanus (2006) at London's Shakespeare's Globe, and was cast in Cymbeline (2007) at the Vivian Beaumont Theater in New York City.
In 2008, Cake played Rex Mottram in Brideshead Revisited. He had a two episode role in Law & Order: Criminal Intent. The next year, he appeared as Bishop in the ABC TV film Captain Cook's Extraordinary Atlas, starring Jodelle Ferland, Charlie McDermott and Hal Holbrook. He played Cole Barker in two episodes of the NBC series Chuck called "Chuck Versus the Beefcake" and "Chuck Versus the Lethal Weapon". Cake appeared as Marcus Woll in the Law & Order episodes "Boy Gone Astray" and "For the Defense".
In 2010, Cake teamed up with Pedro Miguel Arce in the American film Krews, by Hilbert Hakim. The same year, he also played Mark Easterbrook in the TV film Marple: The Pale Horse, starring Julia McKenzie as Miss Marple. Cake is currently appearing as Mark Antony in the Royal Shakespeare Company's latest production of Antony and Cleopatra. In 2017 he played the Duke in the Theatre for a New Audience production of Measure for Measure
In 2021, Cake had a recurring role on Stargirl as Shade.
Personal life
On 24 September 2004, Cake married American actress Julianne Nicholson in Italy. The couple have two children: a son Ignatius Cake, born September 2007, and a daughter, Phoebe Margaret Cake, born 30 April 2009. Cake was previously engaged to British actress Olivia Williams; the relationship ended after seven years.
Filmography
References
External links
jonathancakefansite
1967 births
Living people
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
English male film actors
English male television actors
People from Worthing
Male actors from Sussex
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
National Youth Theatre members
Theatre World Award winners |
4026512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian%20Gate%20and%20Chapel | Iberian Gate and Chapel | Resurrection Gate ( Voskresenskie vorota, also called Иверские ворота Iverskie vorota, or Iberian Gate) is the only existing gate of the Kitai-gorod in Moscow. It connects the north-western end of Red Square with Manege Square and gives its name to nearby Voskresenskaya Square (Resurrection Square). The gate adjoins the ornate building of the Moscow City Hall to the east and the State Historical Museum to the west. Just in front of the chapel is a bronze plaque marking kilometre zero of the Russian highway system.
Resurrection Gate
The first stone gate leading to Red Square was erected in 1535, when the Kitai-gorod wall was being reconstructed in brick. When the structure was rebuilt in 1680, the double passage was surmounted with two-storey chambers crowned by two octagonal hipped roofs similar to the Kremlin towers. An Icon of the Resurrection was placed on the gate facing towards Red Square, from which the gate derives its name.
Until 1731, the chambers above the gate were shared by the neighbouring Mint and the Central Drug Store. After Mikhail Lomonosov founded the Moscow University in the latter structure, the university press moved into the gate chambers. Nikolay Novikov, who ran the press in the late 18th century, turned the second storey into his headquarters.
Iveron Chapel
Since 1669, the wooden chapel in front of the gate (facing away from Red Square) has housed a replica of the miracle-working icon of Panaghia Portaitissa ("keeper of the gate"), the prototype of which is preserved in the Georgian Iveron monastery on Mount Athos. Hence, the name Iversky (that is, "Iberian") that stuck both to the chapel and the gate. In 1781, the Nikolo-Perervinsky Monastery constructed a new brick chapel on the spot. The star-splattered cupola of the structure was topped with a statue of an angel bearing a cross.
According to a popular custom, everyone heading for Red Square or the Kremlin visited the chapel to pay homage at the shrine, before entering through the gate. Beggars and outlaws would pray there next to the highest royalty and even the Tsar himself. It was there that the rebel Emelyan Pugachev asked the Russian people for forgiveness a few hours before his execution. The ever-overcrowded chapel, with candles burning day and night, figures in works by Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Bunin, Marina Tsvetayeva, and H.G. Wells, to name only a few.
Destruction and rebuilding
In 1931, the Resurrection Gate and the chapel were demolished in order to make room for heavy military vehicles driving through Red Square during military parades. Both structures were completely rebuilt in 1994-1995, and a new icon of the Iveron Theotokos was painted on Mount Athos to replace the original.
References
External links
The Resurrection Gate and the Iberian Chapel
Closer view of the restored gate and chapel (photo)
Gates in Russia
Chapels in Russia
Churches in Moscow
Kilometre-zero markers
Kitay-Gorod
Neoclassical architecture in Russia
Rebuilt buildings and structures in Russia
Red Square |
4026536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research | Journal of Geophysical Research | The Journal of Geophysical Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is the flagship journal of the American Geophysical Union. It contains original research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes that contribute to the understanding of the Earth, Sun, and Solar System. It has seven sections: A (Space Physics), B (Solid Earth), C (Oceans), D (Atmospheres), E (Planets), F (Earth Surface), and G (Biogeosciences). All current and back issues are available online for subscribers.
History
The journal was originally founded under the name Terrestrial Magnetism by the American Geophysical Union's president Louis Agricola Bauer in 1896. It was renamed to Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity in 1899 and in 1948 it acquired its current name. In 1980, three specialized sections were established: A: Space Physics, B: Solid Earth, and C: Oceans. Subsequently, further sections have been added: D: Atmospheres in 1984, E: Planets in 1991, F: Earth Surface in 2003, and G: Biogeosciences in 2005.
Sections
The scopes of the current seven sections, published as separate issues, are:
A: Space Physics covers aeronomy and magnetospheric physics, planetary atmospheres and magnetospheres, interplanetary and external solar physics, cosmic rays, and heliospheric physics.
B: Solid Earth focuses on the physics and chemistry of the solid Earth and the liquid core of the Earth, geomagnetism, paleomagnetism, marine geology/geophysics, chemistry and physics of minerals, rocks, volcanology, seismology, geodesy, gravity, and tectonophysics.
C: Oceans covers physical, biological, and chemical oceanography.
D: Atmospheres covers atmospheric properties and processes, including the interaction of the atmosphere with other components of the Earth system.
E: Planets covers the geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheres, biology, and dynamics of the planets, satellites, asteroids, rings, comets, and meteorites; planetary origins; and planetary detection. Studies of the Earth are included when they concern exogenic effects or the comparison of the Earth to other planets.
F: Earth Surface focuses on the physical, chemical and biological processes that affect the form and function of the surface of the solid Earth over all temporal and spatial scales, including fluvial, eolian, and coastal sediment transport; hillslope mass movements; glacial and periglacial activity; weathering and pedogenesis; and surface manifestations of volcanism and tectonism.
G: Biogeosciences focuses on the interface between biology and the geosciences and attempts to understand the functions of the Earth system across multiple spatial and temporal scales.
Each of the sections has one or more editors who are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the President of the American Geophysical Union for terms of three to four years. Each editor can in turn appoint associate editors.
According to the Editor-in-Chief of JGR-Space Physics, "With the switch to Wiley, the separate sections of JGR were given distinct ISSN numbers. This means that in a couple of years, each section of JGR will have its own Impact Factor."
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is indexed by GEOBASE, GeoRef, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and several CSA indexes. It published 2995 articles in 2010. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2010 impact factor of 3.303, ranking it 15th out of 165 journals in the category "Geosciences, Multidisciplinary". Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres was also the 6th most cited publication on climate change between 1999 and 2009.
Notable articles
Among the most highly cited papers in the Journal of Geophysical Research (with over 1000 citations each) are:
See also
List of scientific journals in earth and atmospheric sciences
References
External links
Journal of Geophysical Research at Internet Archive
English-language journals
Publications established in 1896
American Geophysical Union academic journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Academic journal series
Monthly journals
Earth and atmospheric sciences journals |
4026539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thick%20%28album%29 | Thick (album) | Thick is an album by the fusion jazz band Tribal Tech released in 1999. As a contrast to Tribal Tech's previous recordings, the album features less compositional material and is based largely on improvisation.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Scott Henderson, Gary Willis, Scott Kinsey and Kirk Covington.
"Sheik of Encino" – 6:50
"Party at Kinsey's" – 3:56
"Jalapeño" – 5:42
"Clinic Troll" – 3:43
"Thick" – 11:15
"You May Remember Me" – 4:45
"Slick" – 5:14
"Somewhat Later" – 2:46
"What Has He Had?" – 6:52#
"A THIQUE man NAMED MILAN" - 5:55
Personnel
Scott Henderson - guitar
Gary Willis - bass
Scott Kinsey - keyboards
Kirk Covington - drums
References
1999 albums
Tribal Tech albums |
4026540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oglinda | Oglinda | Oglinda ("The Mirror"), also known as Începutul adevărului ("The Beginning of Truth"), is a controversial 1993 film by Romanian director Sergiu Nicolaescu. It depicts Romania during World War II, focusing on the Royal Coup that toppled Ion Antonescu, the Axis-allied Conducător and authoritarian Prime Minister.
Cast
Ion Siminie as Ion Antonescu
Adrian Vâlcu as Michael I of Romania
Gheorghe Dinică as Mihai Antonescu
Ştefan Radoff as Iuliu Maniu
George Constantin as Andrey Vyshinsky
Sergiu Nicolaescu as Johannes Frießner
Reactions
The film was criticized as being apologetic of Antonescu, whom it portrays as a martyr figure, without mention being made of his complicity in the Holocaust (see Holocaust in Romania). Oglinda is also sympathetic to Antonescu's Nazi German ally Adolf Hitler, who is depicted as a calm and wise politician. Nicolaescu himself claims that journalist Octavian Paler labeled it a "fascist film".
The film was also criticized for several other errors. Historian and former public servant Neagu Djuvara, who in 1944 represented Antonescu's government to Stockholm, where he contacted the Soviet Union representative Alexandra Kollontai and unsuccessfully negotiated an armistice, rejected the film's allusive take on these events, which claimed that Romania's special requests had been ignored by their counterparts, and called it "a lie". According to Sergiu Nicolaescu, former Romanian King Michael I, the main decision factor behind Antonescu's deposition, objected to his character being depicted as a heavy smoker. Speaking in 2008, Djuvara criticized Oglinda in its entirety for mystification, while expressing similar reserves in respect to Nicolaescu's 2008 project, a biographical film on Michael's ancestor Carol I (Carol I - Un destin).
Nicolaescu's 1993 production received negative assessments from several film critics. As part of his commentary on Nicolaescu's entire filmography, beginning with films he produced under the communist regime, Valerian Sava depicted Nicolaescu as an untalented director caught in a "megalomaniac trance", and deemed Oglinda "a rudimentary historical reenactment". A similar overview was provided by Angelo Mitchievici, who described "the honor of a dueler", a cliché which he believed was characteristic of Oglinda as well as its predecessors Mihai Viteazul and Nemuritorii.
Nicolaescu defended his film, claiming that its critics were "afraid to look in the face of history." He referred to Oglinda as "real history, without any form of restriction", and "the first and only Romanian political film." He also maintained that Corneliu Coposu, a first-hand witness to the events, applauded the film upon its premiere.
References
External links
Films directed by Sergiu Nicolaescu
Political drama films
World War II films
1990s Romanian-language films
1993 films
1993 drama films
Romanian historical films
Romanian films |
4026564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant%20Stafford | Grant Stafford | Grant Stafford (born 27 May 1971) is a former tennis player from South Africa.
Turning professional in 1990, Stafford won five doubles titles during his career. The right-hander reached his career-high singles ranking on the ATP Tour of World No. 53 in January 1994.
Junior Grand Slam finals
Doubles: 1 (1 title)
ATP career finals
Singles: 3 (3 runner-ups)
Doubles: 6 (5 titles, 1 runner-up)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures Finals
Singles: 5 (3–2)
Doubles: 12 (6–6)
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
External links
1971 births
Living people
South African people of British descent
Tennis players from Johannesburg
South African male tennis players
South African people of English descent
US Open (tennis) junior champions
White South African people
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles
African Games medalists in tennis
African Games gold medalists for South Africa
Competitors at the 1995 All-Africa Games |
4026569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Grave | La Grave | La Grave (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France.
It is a small ski resort in the French Alps, dominated by La Meije (3982 m). It was the birthplace of Nicolas de Nicolay; adventurer and Geographer Ordinary to Henry II of France.
Skiing
The area is unpisted and although patrolled, has no formal avalanche control. The area is dangerous to ski unless supported by a guide, including much glacier travel at the very top.
La Grave is visited by off-piste and extreme skiers. The vertical drop totals 2,150 metres, although it is possible to ski below the resort to the road and increase the vertical descent to 2,300 metres.
Mechanical access to the mountain is limited to a closed, two-stage, pulse gondola system. The first lift starts at 1,450 metres, runs through one intermediate station (known as P1 at 1,800 metres) then terminates at Peyrou d'Amont (2,400 metres). The second stage of the gondola runs directly from Peyrou d'Amont to the Col des Ruillans (3,200 metres). The top of the gondola then allows access to button lift (which is the world's only fully suspended surface lift) to reach the top of the Girose Glacier (3550m). The Girose Glacier can also be reached from the resort of Les Deux Alpes on the other side, although this entails a one to two kilometre walk.
There are two main routes of descent. To the skier's right of the gondola station at the Col des Ruillans are 'Les Vallons de La Meije', a variation of which leads to the Trifides couloirs, and ultimately to the valley bottom and the Romanche River. Skiers can also make leftwards traverses to return to Peyrou d'Amont or P1 to avoid skiing the lower section which can be rocky or even grassy meadows in poor snow conditions.
To the skier's left from the Col des Ruillans is known as the Chancel route (also accessible from the Girose Glacier) which leads to several couloirs (the Banane, Patou, Couloir du Lac) around the Lac de Puyvachier and the Refuge Evariste Chancel. Below this point skiers can either traverse right to return to P1 or descend directly to the valley floor and village of Les Fréaux via the steep Fréaux Couloir.
Alternative descents include various routes to the south of the highest point of the lifts (the Dome de Lauze, at the top of the T-bar) in the Vallon du Diable. These lead to the village of St Christophe en Oisans from which alternative transport must be arranged in order to return to La Grave or to join the Deux Alpes lift system and return via the top of the Girose Glacier. There are several direct routes from the top of the Girose Glacier to the valley such as Chirouse and Orcières; these involve complex routefinding and sometimes abseils. Other routes include the Pan du Rideau and Y-Couloir, reached via a walk from the top of the first T-bar; they involve a steep ski down onto the Glacier du Rateau then rejoin the Vallons de La Meije.
In April 2006 Doug Coombs died while trying to save a friend in the Couloir de Polichinelle.
There are restaurants at Peyrou d'Amont and the Col des Ruillans, and food is served at the Refuge Evariste Chancel. Beds at both the Refuge and in a sleeping space in the Col des Ruillans restaurant.
The lease on the cable car is due to expire in 2017. As of 2015, no one had shown interest in taking over the cable car.
Ice climbing
La Grave is also a location for ice climbing. The valley receives little sun in winter and icefalls form on the valley sides. Climbing routes range from under 100 to over 300 metres long and are climbed in a number of pitches. Routes range from easy La Gorge II/3 to hard Diabolobite II/5+.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department
References
External links
Official site
Plus Beaux Villages de France
Communes of Hautes-Alpes
Ski resorts in France
Hautes-Alpes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
4026578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya%20Rahim%20Safavi | Yahya Rahim Safavi | Yahya "Rahim" Safavi (, born 1952) is an Iranian military commander who served as the chief commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Early life
Safavi was born in 1952 in the city of Isfahan, Iran.
Career
Safavi was one of the leaders of the Iran–Iraq War. During the US-led invasion of Afghanistan, he played a key role in the uprising in Herat in November 2001, where American, Iranian and Northern Alliance troops supported a local uprising against the Taliban.
He served as the deputy commander of Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps until 1997 when he was appointed its commander, replacing Mohsen Rezaee in 1997.
He was replaced as commander of the IRGC by Mohammad Ali Jafari, former director of the Strategic Studies Center of the IRGC on 1 September 2007. Then he was appointed by the Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei as his special military advisor.
Asset freeze
On 24 December 2006, Rahim Safavi was listed in United Nations Security Council Resolution 1737 asking for his assets (among others') to be frozen because of alleged involvements in Iranian nuclear and ballistic missile programmes.
See also
List of Iranian two-star generals since 1979
References
1952 births
Living people
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps personnel of the Iran–Iraq War
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps major generals
Recipients of the Order of Fath
University of Tabriz alumni
People from Isfahan Province |
4026588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20567%20%28New%20Jersey%29 | County Route 567 (New Jersey) | County Route 567 (CR 567) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Amwell Road (CR 514) in Hillsborough Township to Union Avenue (Route 28) in Raritan Borough.
Route description
CR 567 begins at an intersection with CR 514 in Hillsborough Township, heading north on two-lane undivided River Road (also known as Neshanic Station Road). The road runs through wooded areas before heading along the east bank of the South Branch Raritan River, intersecting CR 667 and passing under Norfolk Southern's Lehigh Line. The route runs near farms as it crosses the river and enters Branchburg Township. At this point, CR 567 intersects CR 667 again and becomes Pleasant Run Road before making a northeast turn onto South Branch Road, with CR 628 continuing northwest along Pleasant Run Road. Residential development increases as the route continues northeast and passes the Neshanic Valley Golf Course. CR 567 begins to run closer to the South Branch Raritan River again as it reaches a junction with CR 620. CR 567 passes north through some farm fields before turning northeast at an intersection with CR 646.
A short distance later, the route turns east onto Old York Road, with CR 637 heading west on that road to an intersection with US 202. CR 567 enters residential areas and crosses the North Branch Raritan River into Bridgewater Township. It parallels the Raritan River to the north as it continues into Raritan and becomes Somerset Avenue. In Raritan, CR 567 turns north onto First Avenue, with CR 626 continuing east on Somerset Avenue. The route crosses under New Jersey Transit’s Raritan Valley Line before reaching the US 202 intersection. Past US 202, CR 567 passes more homes before ending at Route 28.
History
When it was first assigned, CR 567 formerly continued north from its present terminus at Route 28 along Country Club Road to US 22 in Bridgewater Township.
In Neshanic Station, CR 567 was originally routed over the South Branch Raritan River on the Neshanic Station Lenticular Truss Bridge (Elm Street Bridge). It traveled west on Elm Street, northwest on Maple Avenue, and north on Pleasant Run Road until rejoining its present alignment. Its current routing in the area was formed when a new bridge was built in 1979 north of Neshanic Station. The old route through Neshanic Station became Somerset County Route 667.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
New Jersey 5xx Routes (Dan Moraseski)
567
567 |
4026592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain%20Centre%20for%20Studies%20and%20Research | Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research | The Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research (BCSR) was a think tank established in 1981, with the mission to serve the Bahraini community by conducting applied research, particularly of a contractual type, and to offer consultancies to leaders and decision makers in both the public and the private sectors. Since the inauguration of the Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research, the Centre has been determined to disseminate information on critical issues and problems which affect the growth, prosperity, and development of the Kingdom of Bahrain, using professional and scientific research methodologies. It was dissolved in 2010 after a royal decree was issued.
Work
According to the goals of the Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research, the Centre undertakes strategic and scientific research, including surveys, observational studies, and experiments for local or external organizations, which are funded either by the Centre or from outside organizations on a contractual basis.
The BCSR has continuously sought to encourage, direct, and support the efforts of researchers in the scientific and technical fields. This has been achieved through several programmes, the most notable being the Crown Prince's Award for Scientific Research, which supports young researchers and offers both academic and financial recognition for work in the fields of the natural sciences, engineering, health sciences, and social sciences. The government of Bahrain has also fully supported and taken a keen interest in the work of the Centre.
History
Crown Prince of Bahrain, Shaikh Salman was appointed Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research (BCSR) in 1995.
The BCSR was dissolved in mid-2010 with a royal decree.
See also
Derasat
References
External links
Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research dead link
http://www.tradearabia.com/news/EDU_181972.html
1981 establishments in Bahrain
2010 disestablishments in Bahrain
Think tanks established in 1981
Think tanks disestablished in 2010
Think tanks based in Bahrain
Research institutes in Bahrain |
4026595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20documentary | Nature documentary | A nature documentary or wildlife documentary is a genre of documentary film or series about animals, plants, or other non-human living creatures, usually concentrating on video taken in their natural habitat but also often including footage of trained and captive animals. Sometimes they are about wildlife or ecosystems in relationship to human beings. Such programmes are most frequently made for television, particularly for public broadcasting channels, but some are also made for the cinema medium. The proliferation of this genre occurred almost simultaneously alongside the production of similar television series.
History
In cinema
Robert J. Flaherty's 1922 film Nanook of the North is typically cited as the first feature-length documentary. Decades later, Walt Disney Productions pioneered the serial theatrical release of nature-documentaries with its production of the True-Life Adventures series, a collection of fourteen full length and short subject nature films from 1948 to 1960. Prominent among those were The Living Desert (1953) and The Vanishing Prairie (1954), both written and directed by James Algar.
The first full-length nature-documentary films pioneering colour underwater cinematography were the Italian film Sesto Continente (The Sixth Continent) and the French film Le Monde du silence (The Silent World). Directed by Folco Quilici Sesto Continente was shot in 1952 and first exhibited to Italian audiences in 1954. The Silent World, shot in 1954 and 1955 by Jacques Cousteau and Louis Malle, was first released in 1956.
Many other nature-documentary films followed in subsequent years, such as those made by Nicolas Vanier (The Last Trapper, 2004), Luc Jacquet (March of the Penguins, 2005), and Alastair Fothergill (African Cats, 2011), among others.
In television
In 1954, the BBC started airing Zoo Quest, featuring David Attenborough. Other early nature documentaries include Fur and Feathers shown on CBC from 1955 to 1956 and hosted by Ian McTaggart-Cowan., and Look, a studio-based BBC magazine-program with filmed inserts, hosted by Sir Peter Scott from 1955 to 1981. The first 50-minute weekly documentary series, The World About Us, began on BBC2 in 1967 with a color installment from the French filmmaker Haroun Tazieff, called "Volcano". Around 1982, the series changed its title to The Natural World, which the BBC Natural History Unit in Bristol continues to produce . In 1961, Anglia Television produced the first of the award-winning Survival series.
Between 1974 and 1980, the Spanish nature documentary television series El Hombre y la Tierra (The Man and the Earth), produced by TVE and presented by naturalist Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente used 35 mm film, which posed significant logistic and technical challenges at the time. The show gained international recognition.
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, several other television companies round the world set up their own specialized natural-history departments, including the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Melbourne, Australia and TVNZ's unit in Dunedin, New Zealand — both still in existence, the latter having changed its name to "NHNZ". ITV's contribution to the genre, Survival, became a prolific series of single films. It was eventually axed when the network introduced a controversial new schedule which many commentators have criticized as "dumbing down".
Wildlife and natural history films have boomed in popularity and have become one of modern society's most important sources of information about the natural world. Yet film and television critics and scholars have largely ignored them.
The BBC television series Walking With, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, used computer-generated imagery (CGI) and animatronics to film prehistoric life in a similar manner to other nature documentaries. The shows (Walking with Dinosaurs, Walking with Beasts, and Walking with Monsters) had three spinoffs, two of which featured Nigel Marven: Chased by Dinosaurs and Sea Monsters: A Walking with Dinosaurs Trilogy. Robert Winston presented Walking with Cavemen.
Content
Overview
Most nature documentary films or television series focus on a particular species, ecosystem, or scientific idea (such as evolution). Although most take a scientific and educational approach, some anthropomorphise their subjects or present animals purely for the viewer's pleasure. In a few instances, they are in presented in ethnographic film formats and contain stories that involve humans and their relationships with the natural world, as in Nanook of the North (1922), The Story of the Weeping Camel (2003), and Grass: A Nation's Battle for Life (1925).
Although almost all have a human presenter, the role varies widely, ranging from explanatory voice-overs to extensive interaction or even confrontation with animals.
Most nature documentaries are made for television and are usually of 45 to 50 minutes duration, but some are made as full-length cinematic presentations.
Such films include:
Among the Great Apes with Michelle Yeoh (2009)
Animals Are Beautiful People (1974)
Chang: A Drama of the Wilderness (1927)
Coral Reef Adventure (2003)
The Cove (2009)
Encounters at the End of the World (2007)
Grizzly Man (2005)
The Last Paradises: On the Track of Rare Animals (1967)
The Leopard Son (1996)
The Living Desert (1953)
March of the Penguins (2005)
Microcosmos (1996)
Sharkwater (2006)
Serengeti Shall Not Die (1959)
The Silent World (1956)
The Story of the Weeping Camel (2003)
Grass: A Nation's Battle for Life (1925)
The Vanishing Prairie (1954)
The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill (2003)
White Wilderness (1958)
Winged Migration (2001)
In addition, the BBC's The Blue Planet and Planet Earth series have both been adapted by BBC Worldwide and Greenlight Media for theatrical release.
In some cases, nature documentaries are produced in the short subject form and are subsequently screened in theaters or broadcast on television. Often they are about the relationship between humans and nature. Notable examples include:
Agafia's Taiga Life (2013)
Grand Canyon (1958)
In Beaver Valley (1950)
The Land (1942) 45-minute documentary made for the U.S. Department of Agriculture
The Plow That Broke the Plains (1936)
The River (1938)
Seal Island (1948)
Every two years the Wildscreen Trust, of Bristol in the UK presents the Panda Awards for nature documentaries.
Criticism
The "naturalness" of nature documentaries has been disputed. Some, particularly those involving animals, have included footage of staged events that appear "natural" while actually contrived by filmmakers or occurring in captivity. In a famous example, Walt Disney's White Wilderness (1958), lemmings were herded to their deaths from a cliff by the filmmakers. Examples also occur in modern nature documentaries, such as Hidden Kingdoms (2014) and Blue Planet II (2017), indicating that such practices are still routine. Due to the difficulties of recording sounds on locations, it is common for nature documentary makers to record sounds in post-production using Foley and to use sound effect libraries. Compositing and computer-generated imagery are also sometimes used to construct shots. Wild animals are often filmed over weeks or months, so the footage must be condensed to form a narrative that appears to take place over a short space of time. Such narratives are also constructed to be as compelling as possible—rather than necessarily as a reflection of reality—and make frequent use of voice-overs, combined with emotional and intense music to maximise the audience's engagement with the content. One common technique is to follow the "story" of one particular animal, encouraging the audience to form an emotional connection with the subject and to root for their survival when they encounter a predator. In 1984, David Attenborough stated:There is precious little that is natural … in any film. You distort speed if you want to show things like plants growing, or look in detail at the way an animal moves. You distort light levels. You distort distribution, in the sense that you see dozens of different species in a jungle within a few minutes, so that the places seem to be teeming with life. You distort size by using close-up lenses. And you distort sound. What the filmmaker is trying to do is to convey a particular experience. … The viewer has to trust in the good faith of the filmmaker.Nature documentaries have been criticized for leaving viewers with the impression that wild animals survived and thrived after encounters with predators, even when they sustain potentially life-threatening injuries. They also cut away from particularly violent encounters, or attempt to downplay the suffering endured by the individual animal, by appealing to concepts such as the "balance of nature" and "the good of the herd".
Notable nature documentary filmmakers
Among the many notable filmmakers, scientists, and presenters who have contributed to the medium include:
James Algar
Sir David Attenborough
Gordon Buchanan
Richard Brock
Jacques Cousteau
Jeff Corwin
Gerald Durrell
Alastair Fothergill
Robert Flaherty
Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente
Bernhard Grzimek
Tim Haines
Judy Irving
Steve Irwin
Hugo van Lawick
Jasper James
Nigel Marven
Greg MacGillivray
Ian McTaggart-Cowan
Desmond Morris
Neil Nightingale
Marlin Perkins
Coyote Peterson
Cotee Peterson
Jacques Perrin
Louie Psihoyos
Eugen Schuhmacher
Heinz Sielmann
Marty Stouffer
Mark Strickson
David Suzuki
Valmik Thapar
Sir David Attenborough's contributions to conservation are widely regarded, and his television programs have been seen by millions of people throughout the world. Series narrated and/or presented by him include:
Life on Earth (1979), 13 episodesThe Living Planet (1984), 12 episodesThe Trials of Life (1990), 12 episodesLife in the Freezer (1993), 6 episodesThe Private Life of Plants (1995), 6 episodesThe Life of Birds (1998), 10 episodesThe Blue Planet (2001), 8 episodesThe Life of Mammals (2002), 10 episodesLife in the Undergrowth (2005), 5 episodesPlanet Earth (2006), 11 episodesLife in Cold Blood (2008), 5 episodesLife (2009), 10 episodesFrozen Planet (2011), 7 episodesKingdom of Plants 3D (2012), 3 episodesDavid Attenborough's Conquest of the Skies 3D (2015), 3 episodes + ExtraPlanet Earth II (2016), 6 episodesBlue Planet II (2017), 7 episodesOur Planet (2019), 8 episodesSeven Worlds, One Planet (2019), 7 episodesThe Green Planet (2022), 5 episodesPrehistoric Planet (2022), 5 episodes
Steve Irwin's documentaries, based on wildlife conservation and environmentalism, aired on Discovery Channel, and Animal Planet. The series comprises: The Crocodile Hunter (1992–2004), 74 episodesThe Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course (2002), MovieThe Crocodile Hunter's Croc Files (1999), 52 episodesTen Deadliest Snakes in the World (2001)The Crocodile Hunter Diaries (2001–2003), 30 episodesNew Breed Vets (2005), 6 episodesOcean's Deadliest (2006)
List of nature documentary series
In addition to those listed above, the following is a sampling of the genre:
Andes to Amazon (2000)
Animal Atlas (2004–)
Ark on the Move (1982)
Banded Brothers (2010)
The Bear Family & Me (2011)
Big Cat Week (2013)
The Blue Planet (2001)
British Isles – A Natural History (2004)
Corwin's Quest: Animal Planet 2005.
Congo (2001)
Cousins (2000)
Dark Days in Monkey City (2009)
Earth: The Power of the Planet (2007)
Earthflight (2011)
Escape to Chimp Eden (2008)
Europe: A Natural History (2005)
The First Eden (1987)
Frozen Planet (2011)
The Future Is Wild (2002)
The Great Rift: Africa's Wild Heart (2010)
Ganges (2007)
Great Migrations (2010)
Going Wild with Jeff Corwin (Disney Channel, 1997–1999)
El Hombre y la Tierra (1974–1981)
How the Earth Was Made (2009)
How the Universe Works (2010, 2012, 2014)
The Human Animal (1994)
Human Planet (2011)
In the Womb (2005–2010)
Insectia (1999)
Inside Life (2009)
The Jeff Corwin Experience (2001–2003)
Journeys to the Ends of the Earth (1998)
King of the Jungle (Animal Planet, 2003–2004)
Land of the Tiger (1997)
Last Chance to See (2009)
Lemur Street (2007–2008)
The Living Edens (1997)
Madagascar (2011)
Meerkat Manor (2005)
The Most Extreme (2002)
Nature (1982–)
Natural World (1983–)
The Nature of Things (1960–)
Nature's Great Events (2009)
Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin (ABC, 2011–14)
Oceans (2008)
Orangutan Diary (2009)
Orangutan Island (2007)
Our Planet (2019)
Penguin Island (2010)
Planet Earth: The Future (2006)
Really Wild Animals (1993–98)
Talking with Animals (2002)
The Really Wild Show (1986–2006)
River Monsters (2009)
Saving Planet Earth (2007)
Sea Rescue (2012–2018)
The Secret Life of Elephants (2009)
South Pacific (2009)
State of the Planet (2000)
The Stationary Ark (1975)
The Predators of the Wild (1992–1996)
Super Cats: A Nature Miniseries PBS (2018) – 3 Episodes
Supernatural: The Unseen Powers of Animals (2008)
Survival (1961)
Suzuki on Science (1971)
Weird Nature (2001)
Wild Africa (2001)
Wild Caribbean (2007)
Wild Down Under (2003)
Wild Kingdom (1963–1988)
Wild Russia (2009)
Yellowstone (2009)
Zoo Quest (1954–1964)
Current production
In recent years, most traditional style 'blue chip' programming has become prohibitively expensive and are funded by a set of co-producers, usually a broadcaster (such as Animal Planet, National Geographic, or NHK) from one or several countries, a production company, and sometimes a distributor which then has the rights to sell the show into more territories than the original broadcaster.
Two recent examples of co-productions that were filmed by the BBC are Planet Earth II (2016) and Blue Planet II (2017).
Production companies are increasingly exploiting their filmed material, by making DVDs and Blu-rays for home viewing or educational purposes, or selling library footage to advertisers, museum exhibitors, and other documentary producers.
See also
List of documentary films
List of insect documentaries
Further reading
Bush, W. Stephen (1915) Wild Life in Films The Moving Picture World Vol 23 #10:1462-1463
Gregg Mitman: Reel Nature: America's Romance with Wildlife on Film (Weyerhaeuser Environmental Classics), Paperback (Second Edition), Combined Academic Publishers, 2009,
Chris Palmer: Shooting in the Wild: An Insider's Account of Making Movies in the Animal Kingdom, Sierra Club Books, 2010,
References
External links
Light & Shadow Productions: German nature documentary company
"The Mysterious Bee" An award winning documentary about Honey Bees
Trouble in Lemur Land – a professional 50 minute HD film about illegal rosewood logging in Madagascar and the impact on the silky sifaka lemur
List of Nature Documentaries
Nature at BBC
Nature at PBS
TV/Radio Programmes at BBCOutdoors Country'', ca. 1957, Archives of Ontario YouTube Channel
Documentary film genres |
4026600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalia%20Luis-Bassa | Natalia Luis-Bassa | Natalia Luis-Bassa (born 13 July 1966, Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan conductor who lives and works in England, where she is Professor of Conducting at the Royal College of Music and Principal Guest Conductor of Oxford University Orchestra.
Background
Since winning the second prize at the Maazel-Vilar Conductor's Competition in New York City, she has worked both in the United Kingdom and abroad with orchestras including the Orquesta Sinfónica Venezuela, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, Paragon Ensemble, Bombay Chamber Orchestra, Huddersfield Philharmonic Orchestra, Haffner Orchestra, Filamónica Nacional, Royal Oman Symphony Orchestra, the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela, Southbank Sinfonia and the National Children's Orchestra of Great Britain
Natalia studied Oboe with Lido Guarnieri.
She was the first female to receive a degree in Orchestral Conducting in her native country to read music at the University Institute of Musical Studies (IUDEM).
She was appointed music director of the Orquesta Sinfónica de Falcón and after some years she completed her studies at the Royal College of Music in London, holding the RCM Junior Fellowship in Opera Conducting for two years.
Natalia holds a master's degree from The University of Huddersfield where she is a part-time lecturer and has been appointed Elgar Ambassador.
In August 2008 Luis-Bassa appeared in the reality TV talent show-themed television series, Maestro on BBC Two, as a mentor to David Soul.
The Royal College of Music has appointed Natalia as a Professor of Conducting alongside Maestro Peter Stark.
Natalia also works with the National Children's Orchestra of Great Britain, conducting the London Regionals and runs the Conductor's Course. She also conducted the Main Orchestra playing Danzon No. 2 by Arturo Márquez in the Summer Concert of 2011, and again playing Sibelius Symphony 2 in 2014. She is renowned among the NCO for her flamboyant conducting.
Personal life
Her father, Germinal, was born in Barcelona, Spain. As a child, during the Spanish Civil War, he had to escape from Barcelona and went to France, the United States, Argentina and finally Venezuela where he married Lillian, a Venezuelan whose parents were Spanish. Both of them were opera and zarzuela lovers.
She is a graduate of the Royal College of Music in London.
She grew up in a house full of music with her two sisters. Luis-Bassa now lives in West Yorkshire, the "Last of the Summer Wine" county.
References
External links
Natalia Luis-Bassa's website
1966 births
Living people
Venezuelan conductors (music)
Venezuelan classical musicians
People from Caracas
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
Women conductors (music)
21st-century conductors (music) |
4026614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Damm | Martin Damm | Martin Damm Sr. (born 1 August 1972) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. He is best known as a doubles player (his highest ranking being No. 5 in the world in April 2007). His highest singles ranking was No. 42 in August 1997. Damm won a total of 40 titles in doubles, including one Grand Slam title. He reached five singles finals. He played his last tournament in September 2011 at the US Open (with Radek Štěpánek) and lost to Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins 6–3, 6–3.
Personal life
Damm is married to Michaela Damm. They have two sons (Maxmillian Martin (born 1 February 2002) and Martin Joseph (born 30 September 2003)) and one daughter (Laura Michelle Damm (born 3 December 2007)). All were born in Bradenton, Florida.
Grand Slam finals
Men's Doubles: 3 (1–2)
Mixed Doubles: 1 (0–1)
Career finals
Doubles (40 wins, 24 losses)
ATP Tour and Challenger finals (5–12)
Doubles performance timeline
External links
1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Liberec
Czech male tennis players
Olympic tennis players of the Czech Republic
Czech people of German descent
Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
US Open (tennis) champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Czechoslovak male tennis players |
4026621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange%20Democratic%20Movement | Orange Democratic Movement | The Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) is a centre-left political party in Kenya. It is the successor of a grassroots people's movement which was formed during the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum campaign. This movement separated in August 2007 into the Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement – Kenya (formerly the Orange Democratic MovementKenya, known as ODM–Kenya).
The name "orange" originates from the ballot cards in the referendum, in which the banana represented a "yes" vote, and the orange represented a "no" vote. Thus, the parties demonstrates that it supported a no vote in the 2005 referendum. The original linchpins of the ODM were Uhuru Kenyatta's KANU party and Raila Odinga's LDP. The leader of ODM is Raila Odinga.
2005 constitutional referendum
In the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum, the "no" vote, which the ODM campaigned for, won with 58.12% of Kenyans voting down the proposed constitution. Following this, President Mwai Kibaki dismissed his entire cabinet. The response of the ODM was to say that this was a step in the right direction and to call for an immediate general election, claiming that the Kibaki regime, which had campaigned vigorously in favour of a yes vote in the referendum, had lost its mandate.
Kibaki's government resisted this; elections were not to be held until the last week of Kibaki's five-year constitutionally-mandated tenure. The ODM emerged as a major opposition party, along with KANU, and organized a number of rallies asking for elections and a new constitution. The ODM also protested against the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), which opposed the referendum, being dropped from Kibaki's new cabinet.
2007 elections
After the 2002 elections, KANU was in opposition, while the LDP was a partner in the ruling NARC coalition until it was removed after the 2005 referendum. The LDP had supported no vote at the referendum, contrary to the policy of president Kibaki. Following their united stand in the referendum debate and responding to a threat by the newly formed Narc-Kenya party the leaders of KANU, LDP and some smaller parties decided to campaign jointly for the upcoming 2007 Kenya general election. They forming the Orange Democratic Movement, which was named after the symbol used to represent "no" in the referendum – an orange. An opportunist lawyer, Mugambi Imanyara, registered the name "Orange Democratic Movement" as a party before the coalition did, forcing them to use the name "Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya" instead.
As 2007 progressed the coalition proved unstable, with various factions defecting. Uhuru Kenyatta's KANU was the first, pulling out in July 2007 and endorsing President Kibaki's re-election, although some individual KANU politicians stayed with the ODM. Then, due to an internal rivalry between Kalonzo Musyoka and Raila Odinga, the ODM split into two factions in mid-August 2007. Raila's group, which also included Musalia Mudavadi, William Ruto, Joseph Nyagah and Najib Balala defected from ODM-Kenya and took over the ODM party registered by Mugambi Imanyara, while Kalonzo's group, led by himself and Dr. Julia Ojiambo remained in the original ODM-Kenya.
The two factions held their elections for presidential candidates on consecutive days at the Kasarani sports complex in Nairobi. On 31August 2007, Kalonzo Musyoka defeated Julia Ojiambo for the ODM–Kenya ticket, then on 1September Raila Odinga defeated Ruto, Mudavadi, Balala and Nyagah. There were allegations that some delegates voted in the nominations of both parties.
General election
Raila and Kalonzo then faced president Kibaki in the general election. The International Republican Institute described election day as "generally calm, organized, and transparent". Kibaki was declared winner of the elections in circumstances that were described as "highly questionable" by various observers. Samuel Kivuitu, chairman of the now disbanded Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK) could not explain why votes from nearby constituencies had not reached the tallying centre in Nairobi while those from far-flung parts of the country were tallied on time. Many polling stations had more votes cast than the number of registered voters. Maragua constituency, a PNU stronghold, turnout was 115%.
The ODM disputed the results. Violence erupted in the country with ODM supporters in Kibera, Naivasha and Nakuru being targeted for attack by Mungiki-supporting gangs, allegedly backed by police. PNU supporters were also targeted for attack by ODM supporters. People from the Luo ethnic group were shot dead in Kisumu, Kibera and Nakuru in large numbers while many ethnic Kikuyu were killed in the Rift Valley.
The ODM won the largest number of seats with 99 in the 210 seat parliament. It also won three out of five by-elections in early 2008. No sooner had the by-elections been conducted in the constituencies of two ODM MPs who were killed at the beginning of the year than two more MPs died in an aircraft crash. Some ODM MPs whose elections were contested in court lost their seats.
Political Parties Act and party elections
Following the passing of the Political Parties Act months earlier, the ODM held its internal elections in late December 2008 with Prime Minister Raila Odinga emerging as party leader and Industrialisation Minister Henry Kosgey as party chairman. Due to agitation over regional and gender representation, some party posts had to be created on the day of the vote. Raila has since fallen out with William Ruto, Ababu Namwamba, Najib Balala, and Henry Kosgey among others.
2013 general election
In the lead up to the 2013 general elections, the ODM entered a coalition with FORD-Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement to support a single presidential candidate, known as the Coalition for Reforms and Democracy
Electoral history
Presidential elections
National Assembly elections
Senate elections
References
External links
ODM leader's personal site
ODM Official website
ODM Official Community Portal
ODM 2007 Manifesto
ODM 2007 Parliamentary Candidates
2005 establishments in Kenya
Civic nationalism
Liberal International
Liberal parties in Kenya
Political parties established in 2005
Political parties in Kenya
Social democratic parties in Africa
Social liberal parties |
4026636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VideoDance%20Festival%2C%20Greece | VideoDance Festival, Greece | VideoDance Festival started in 2000 in Athens and Thessaloniki as an international dance film festival, but soon it widened up to include more kinds of experiment on movement and the moving image.
The festival has counted 7 editions from 2000 to 2007 (not held in 2006).
About VideoDance Festival
VideoDance was a festival presenting the latest experiments on media and movement or, in other words, at the crossroads of visual arts, enhanced cinema and performing arts.
The screenings, the main festival axis, present a showcase of films from all over the world presented in thematic programmes. Non-narrative experimental films are being screened along with movement-based films.
As far as it concerns dance films, programming is focused on the special relationship between movement and the moving image, both when it is produced as a result of a choreography for the camera, and when it is produced by the filmmaker's look on the movement.
Special screenings present archival material on the history of movement and the moving image as it is preserved on film during the 20th century. Retrospectives like those on the works by Maya Deren (2003), Shirley Clarke (2004), or Ed Emshwiller give the Greek audience an opportunity to contact the first attempts of the experimental non-narrative cinema to use the movement as its main source.
The live media events zone includes video-performances, performances, live improvisation with sound and image, and other experimental art works involving media and performing arts.
During the festival video-installations related to the film programme themes are exhibited.
The festival takes place in Athens, and the film programme is screened in Thessaloniki right after that.
More about VideoDance Festival
Video Dance was funded and produced since 2000 by the International Thessaloniki Film Festival, one of the major film institutions in Greece, part of the Greek Ministry of Culture.
It was founded and curated by its artistic director, Christiana Galanopoulou.
The festival was non competitive and non-commercial. However, it supported and encouraged the production of dance films in Greece, through a funding scheme, project|exchange. 12 Greek dance films have been co-produced by VideoDance through this scheme.
The festival collaborated with several international dance film and film festivals, archives and cultural institutions and was a founding member of the Dance and Media Festivals International Network.
The festival was held in industrial spaces especially re-designed for VideoDance by young architects.
The last edition, VideoDance2007, was held in Athens and Thessaloniki in May 2007.
See also
International Thessaloniki Film Festival
Thessaloniki Documentary Festival
MIRfestival www.mirfestival.gr
References
External links
VideoDance - official website
- official website
Dance festivals in Greece
Film festivals in Greece
Recurring events established in 2000
Annual events in Thessaloniki
Annual events in Athens
Festivals in Thessaloniki
Festivals in Athens
Music in Thessaloniki
Music in Athens |
4026639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aina%20%281977%20film%29 | Aina (1977 film) | Aina, () also known as The Mirror, is a 1977 Pakistani romantic drama film directed by Nazar-ul-Islam and starring Nadeem and Shabnam. Singers are Mehdi Hassan, Mehnaz, Nayyara Noor and Alamgir. The film was a major box-office success and was the longest-running Pakistani film at the cinemas. The movie is based on the 1973 Hindi movie Aa Gale Lag Jaa and went on to be remade in Hindi in 1985 as Pyar Jhukta Nahin.
Plot
Aina is a love story of two hearts and two souls but from two different social classes, one being a daughter of a business tycoon i.e. Rita (Shabnam) and one being a realistic, self-confident and a little bit arrogant poor young man, Iqbal (Nadeem). Rita is a leisure girl whereas Nadeem works as a hotel receptionist and they both fall in love. The entire movie is about how a rich girl and poor man fell in love and the struggles that comes after their marriage.
Cast
Shabnam as Rita
Nadeem Baig as Iqbal
Bahar Begum as Rita's mother
Shahzeb as Rita & Iqbal's son
Rehan as Seth Sahab (Rita's father)
Qavi Khan
Zarqa
Khalid Saleem Motta
Soundtrack
The film was a musical success as well and has trademark song visualizations from director Nazar-ul-Islam. The music was composed by Robin Ghosh, and the playback singers were Mehdi Hassan, Mehnaz, Alamgir, Nayyara Noor and Akhlaq Ahmed. The theme song is "" sung in a happy mood, sad mood and another song version sung by the child star at the climax of the movie.
Kabhi Mai Sochta Houn…by Mehdi Hassan
Wada Karo Saajna…by Mehnaz and Alamgir
Mujhe Dil Se Na Bhulana (happy version)…by Mehnaz and Alamgir
Haseen Wadion Se Yeh Pucho…by Akhlaq Ahmed and Nayyara Noor
Ruthey Ho Tum Tumko Kaisay Manaun Piya…by Nayyara Noor
Mujhe Dil Se Na Bhulana (sad version)…by Mehdi Hassan
Mujhe Dil Se Na Bhulana (child version)…by Nayyara Noor
Release and reception
Aina was released on 18 March 1977 in Pakistani cinemas. In Karachi, it was released on two main cinemas Bambino and Scala.
Aina is Pakistan's only Urdu film to have a crown jubilee (a mega-hit film) with a total running period of 401 weeks on all cinemas and 48 weeks on the main cinema in Karachi. The film had broken all the previous box office records and no Pakistani film has touched that record again till date.
Mushtaq Gazdar, a well-known film critic, in his book 'Pakistan Cinema 1947-1997', Oxford University Press, 1997 said:
"In Aina, Nazrul infused a romantic note through the songs using the elements of nature as tools to enhance their impact. His use of open spaces to create the mood of the scenes in contrast with the normal lip-sync presentation of songs greatly appealed to the audience."
This movie was so popular that it was shown in Karachi Cinemas for almost 8 consecutive years (401 consecutive weeks). The film ran to packed crowds in theaters across China as well. In the 1990s it was telecast in Bangladesh Television.
Awards
One of its songs "" sung by Mehdi Hassan won Nigar Award for the best song of the year 1977. In total the film won 12 awards:
Remakes and possible sequel
The 1998 Pakistani film Nikah, directed by Sangeeta, was loosely based on Aina. Another remake was made in 2013 with the same name, which starred Faisal Qureshi, Saba Qamar, directed by Sarmad Sultan Khoosat and produced by A & B Entertainment.
In April 2017, director Syed Noor announced a sequel to the film, tentatively known as Aina 2. Noor told The Express Tribune, "Of course, Aina 2 will further the story told in Aina with the original star cast members as well as some new faces. Also, we’re planning on filming it in Canada this time."
References
External links
1977 films
Pakistani films
Pakistani musical films
1970s Urdu-language films
Nigar Award winners
Urdu films remade in other languages
Films scored by Robin Ghosh
1977 romantic drama films
Pakistani romantic drama films
1970s pregnancy films
Pakistani pregnancy films |
4026642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20565%20%28New%20Jersey%29 | County Route 565 (New Jersey) | County Route 565 (CR 565) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from U.S. Route 206 / Route 15 in Frankford Township to McAfee Glenwood Road (CR 517) in Vernon Township.
Route description
CR 565 begins at an intersection with US 206 and the northern terminus of Route 15 in Frankford Township, heading northeast on two-lane undivided Ross Corner-Sussex Road. The road runs through hilly areas of woods and farms with a few homes, continuing into Wantage Township. Here, the route intersects CR 637 before reaching a junction with CR 628. At this point, CR 565 turns southeast onto Compton Road while CR 628 continues northeast on Ross Corner-Sussex Road. The route turns northeast onto Lewisburg Road and reaches an intersection with Route 23. CR 565 turns east to form a concurrency with Route 23 on a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane, passing a few businesses. Upon splitting from Route 23, CR 565 heads east on two-lane undivided Glenwood Road. The road makes a turn northeast into Vernon Township and intersects CR 667 and CR 641. In Vernon Township, CR 565 serves as a mountain pass between the summit of Pochuck Mountain and the ridge's lesser peak Glenwood Mountain. This stretch of roadway passes through areas of woods and residential neighborhoods and crosses the Appalachian Trail. The route reaches its northern terminus at CR 517 in the northern part of Vernon Township a short distance south of the New York border.
History
A spur route, County Route 565 Spur, existed, which is now Sussex County Route 628.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
New Jersey 5xx Routes (Dan Moraseski)
565
565 |
4026647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%20Prasad%20Bismil | Ram Prasad Bismil | Ram Prasad Bismil ( Hindi: राम प्रसाद "बिस्मिल") (11 June 1897 — 19 December 1927) was an Indian poet, writer and revolutionary who participated in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925, and fought against British Raj. Bismil was a freedom fighter who played an active role in India's freedom struggle. In memory of his contribution towards India's independence, his birthday (11 June) is observed as a celebration day by the Indians. He is well known for being a part of the Manipuri conspiracy in 1918 and the Kakori conspiracy in 1925. The Kakori incident was one of the important events of Jung-e-Azadi. He also had a command of Urdu and the Hindi language, which made him a prominent revolutionary. He was also a multilingual translator and his famous poem Manipuri's Pratigya became very famous. Bismil was hanged on 19 December 1927 by the British for his revolutionary activities. As well as being a freedom fighter, he was a patriotic poet and wrote in Hindi and Urdu using the pen names Ram, Agyat and Bismil. But, he became popular with the last name "Bismil" only. He was associated with Arya Samaj where he got inspiration from Satyarth Prakash, a book written by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. He also had a confidential connection with Lala Har Dayal through his guru Swami Somdev, a preacher of Arya Samaj. Bismil was one of the founding members of the revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Association. Bhagat Singh praised him as a great poet-writer of Urdu and Hindi, who had also translated the books Catherine from English and Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot from Bengali.
Early life
Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar Tomar and Moolmati in a Tomar Rajput family, who traced their roots to Barwai in Morena district of Madhya Pradesh, of Shahjahanpur district in erstwhile North-Western Provinces. He learned Hindi from his father at home and was sent to learn Urdu from a moulvi. He was admitted to an English-language school, despite his father's disapproval, and also joined the Arya Samaj in Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a talent for writing patriotic poetry.
Contact with Somdev
As an 18-year-old student, Bismil read of the death sentence passed on Bhai Parmanand, a scholar and companion of Har Dayal. At that time he was regularly attending the Arya Samaj Temple at Shahjahanpur daily, where Swami Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying. Angered by the sentence, Bismil composed a poem in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which he showed to Somdev. This poem demonstrated a commitment to remove the British control over India.
Lucknow Congress
Bismil left school in the following year and travelled to Lucknow with some friends. The Naram Dal ("moderate faction" of the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow the Garam Dal to stage a grand welcome of Tilak in the city. They organised a group of youths and decided to publish a book in Hindi on the history of American independence, America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with the consent of Somdev. This book was published under the authorship of the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was given as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as the book was published, the government of Uttar Pradesh proscribed its circulation within the state.
Mainpuri conspiracy
Bismil formed a revolutionary organisation called Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) and contacted Genda Lal Dixit, a school teacher at Auraiya. Somdev arranged this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective in his mission if he had experienced people to support him. Dixit had contacts with some powerful dacoits of the state. Dixit wanted to utilise their power in the armed struggle against the British rulers. Like Bismil, Dixit had also formed an armed organisation of youths called Shivaji Samiti (named after Shivaji Maharaj). The pair organised youths from the Etawah, Mainpuri, Agra and Shahjahanpur districts of United Province (now Uttar Pradesh) to strengthen their organisations.
On 28 January 1918, Bismil published a pamphlet titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along with his poem Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri). To collect funds for the party looting was undertaken on three occasions in 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri while they were selling books proscribed by the U.P. Government in the Delhi Congress of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. When he was planning another looting between Delhi and Agra, a police team arrived and firing started from both the sides. Bismil jumped into the Yamuna and swam underwater. The police and his companions thought that he had died in the encounter. Dixit was arrested along with his other companions and was kept in Agra fort. From here, he fled to Delhi and lived in hiding. A criminal case was filed against them. The incident is known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 November 1919 the Judiciary Magistrate of Mainpuri B. S. Chris announced the judgement against all accused and declared Dixit and Bismil as absconders.
Underground activities by Bismil
From 1919 to 1920 Bismil remained inconspicuous, moving around various villages in Uttar Pradesh and producing several books. Among these was a collection of poems written by him and others, entitled Man Ki Lahar, while he also translated two works from Bengali (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot and Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine or Swadhinta Ki Devi from an English text. He got all these books published through his own resources under Sushilmala – a series of publications except one Yogik Sadhan which was given to a publisher who absconded and could not be traced. These books have since been found. Another of Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was published in 1929 after his death and was proscribed by British Raj in 1931.
Formation of Hindustan Republican Association
In February 1920, when all the prisoners in the Manipuri conspiracy case were freed, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where he agreed with the official authorities that he would not participate in revolutionary activities. This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in vernacular before the court.
In 1921, Bismil was among the many people from Shahjahanpur who attended the Ahmedabad Congress. He had a seat on the dias, along with the senior congressman Prem Krishna Khanna, and the revolutionary Ashfaqulla Khan. Bismil played an active role in the Congress with Maulana Hasrat Mohani and got the most debated proposal of Poorna Swaraj passed in the General Body meeting of Congress. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not in the favour of this proposal became quite helpless before the overwhelming demand of youths. He returned to Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of United Province for non-co-operation with the Government. The people of U.P. were so much influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil that they became hostile against British Raj. As per statement of Banarsi Lal (approver) made in the court – "Ram Prasad used to say that independence would not be achieved by means of non-violence."
In February 1922 some agitating farmers were killed in Chauri Chaura by the police. The police station of Chauri Chaura was attacked by the people and 22 policemen were burnt alive. Gandhi, without ascertaining the facts behind this incident, declared an immediate stop the non-co-operation movement without consulting any executive committee member of the Congress. Bismil and his group of youths strongly opposed Gandhi in the Gaya session of Indian National Congress (1922). When Gandhi refused to rescind his decision, its then-president Chittranjan Das resigned. In January 1923, the rich group of party formed a new Swaraj Party under the joint leadership of Moti Lal Nehru and Chittranjan Das, and the youth group formed a revolutionary party under the leadership of Bismil.
Yellow Paper constitution
With the consent of Lala Har Dayal, Bismil went to Allahabad where he drafted the constitution of the party in 1923 with the help of Sachindra Nath Sanyal and another revolutionary of Bengal, Dr. Jadugopal Mukherjee. The basic name and aims of the organisation were typed on a Yellow Paper and later on a subsequent Constitutional Committee Meeting was conducted on 3 October 1924 at Cawnpore in U.P. under the Chairmanship of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.
This meeting decided the name of the party would be the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). After a long discussion from others Bismil was declared there the District Organiser of Shahjahanpur and Chief of Arms Division. An additional responsibility of Provincial Organiser of United Province (Agra and Oudh) was also entrusted to him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was unanimously nominated as National Organiser and another senior member Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, was given the responsibility of Coordinator, Anushilan Samiti. After attending the meeting in Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee left the U.P. and proceeded to Bengal for further extension of the organisation.
Manifesto of H.R.A.
A pamphlet entitled as The Revolutionary was distributed throughout the United Province in India in the beginning of January 1925. Copies of this leaflet, referred to in the evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found with some other alleged conspirators of Kakori Conspiracy as per judgement of the Chief Court of Oudh. A typed copy of this manifesto was found with Manmath Nath Gupta. It was nothing but the Manifesto of H.R.A. in the form of a four paged printed pamphlet on white paper which was circulated secretly by post and by hands in most of the districts of United Province and other parts of India.
This pamphlet bore no name of the printing press. The heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ of the Revolutionary Party of India). It was given first number and first issue of the publication. The date of its publication was given as 1 January 1925.
Kakori train robbery
Bismil executed a meticulous plan for looting the government treasury carried in a train at Kakori, near Lucknow in U.P. This historical event happened on 9 August 1925 and is known as the Kakori train robbery. Ten revolutionaries stopped the 8 Down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train at Kakori – a station just before the Lucknow Railway Junction. German-made Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols were used in this action. Ashfaqulla Khan, the lieutenant of the HRA Chief Ram Prasad Bismil gave away his Mauser to Manmath Nath Gupta and engaged himself to break open the cash chest. Eagerly watching a new weapon in his hand, Manmath Nath Gupta fired the pistol and accidentally shot and killed passenger Ahmed Ali, who had gotten down from the train to see his wife in the ladies compartment.
More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 persons had taken part in the decoity. Persons completely unrelated to the incident were also captured. However some of them were let off. The government-appointed Jagat Narain Mulla as public prosecutor at an incredible fee. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed as defence counsel. The defence committee was also formed to defend the accused. Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandra Bhanu Gupta and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case. The men were found guilty and subsequent appeals failed. On 16 September 1927, a final appeal for clemency was forwarded to the Privy Council in London but that also failed.
Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death. Bismil was hanged on 19 December 1927 at Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan at the Faizabad Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Jail. Lahiri had been hanged two days earlier at Gonda Jail.
Bismil's body was taken to the Rapti river for a Hindu cremation, and the site became known as Rajghat.
Literary works
Bismil published a pamphlet titled Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: A message to my countrymen). While living underground, he translated some of Bengali books viz. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: The Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A sally of mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also written by him. Another Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an English book into Hindi. All of these were published by him in Sushil Mala series. Bismil wrote his autobiography while he was kept as condemned prisoner in Gorakhpur jail.
The autobiography of Ram Prasad Bismil was published under the cover title of Kakori ke shaheed by Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi in 1928 from Pratap Press, Cawnpore. A rough translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Investigation Department of United Province in British India. Translated book was circulated as confidential document for official and police use throughout the country.
He immortalised the poem Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki Lahar and Swadeshi Rang as a war cry during the British Raj period in India. It was first published in journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.
Memorials
Shaheed Smarak Samiti of Shahjahanpur established a memorial at Khirni Bagh mohalla of Shahjahanpur city where Bismil was born in 1897 and named it "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak". A statue made of white marble was inaugurated by the then Governor of Uttar Pradesh Motilal Vora on 18 December 1994 on the eve of the martyr's 69th death anniversary.
The Northern railway zone of Indian Railways built the Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station, from Shahajahanpur.
There is a memorial to the Kakori conspiracists at Kakori itself. It was inaugurated by the prime minister of India, Indira Gandhi, on 19 December 1983.
The Government of India issued a multicoloured commemorative postal stamp on 19 December 1997 in Bismil's birth centenary year.
The government of Uttar Pradesh had named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil lived underground after the Mainpuri conspiracy case in 1919.
See also
Ashfaqullah Khan
Sukhdev Thapar
Chandrashekar Azad
Shivaram Rajguru
Bhagat Singh
References
Further reading
External links
Constitution of Hindustan Republican Association
Books of Ram Prasad Bismil in worldcat
Indian revolutionaries
Hindi-language poets
Hindi-language writers
Urdu-language poets from India
Indian male poets
1897 births
1927 deaths
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
Brahmin Indian independence activists
Executed revolutionaries
People from Shahjahanpur
People from Gorakhpur
20th-century executions by British India
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
Executed Indian people
People executed by British India by hanging
20th-century Indian poets
Poets from Manipur |
4026652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATSC%20tuner | ATSC tuner | An ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) tuner, often called an ATSC receiver or HDTV tuner, is a type of television tuner that allows reception of digital television (DTV) television channels that use ATSC standards, as transmitted by television stations in North America, parts of Central America, and South Korea. Such tuners are usually integrated into a television set, VCR, digital video recorder (DVR), or set-top box which provides audio/video output connectors of various types.
Another type of television tuner is a digital television adapter (DTA) with an analog passthrough.
Technical overview
The terms "tuner" and "receiver" are used loosely, and it is perhaps more appropriately called an ATSC receiver, with the tuner being part of the receiver (see Metonymy). The receiver generates the audio and video (AV) signals needed for television, and performs the following tasks: demodulation; error correction; MPEG transport stream demultiplexing; decompression; AV synchronization; and media reformatting to match what is optimal input for one's TV. Examples of media reformatting include: interlace to progressive scan or vice versa; picture resolutions; aspect ratio conversions (16:9 to or from 4:3); frame rate conversion; and image scaling. Zooming is an example of resolution change. It is commonly used to convert a low-resolution picture to a high-resolution display. This lets the user eliminate letterboxing or pillarboxing by stretching or cropping the picture. Some ATSC receivers, mostly those in HDTV TV sets, will stretch automatically, either by detecting black bars or by reading the Active Format Descriptor (AFD).
Operation
An ATSC tuner works by generating audio and video signals that are picked up from over-the-air broadcast television. ATSC tuners provide the following functions: selective tuning; demodulation; transport stream demultiplexing; decompression; error correction; analog-to-digital conversion; AV synchronization; and media reformatting to fit the specific type of TV screen optimally.
Selective tuning
Selective tuning is the process by which the radio frequency (RF) of the television channel is selected by a receiver from within a band of transmitted RF signals. The tuner usually performs the function of frequency-agile selection, along with rejection of unwanted out-of-band signals.
Demodulation
"Demodulation" means transforming the signal from the tuner into a signal that a TV set can use to produce images and sound without further consideration for the frequency at which it was transmitted. It is separation of a standard baseband signal from the RF carrier that was used to transmit it through the air (or down a coaxial cable or other long-distance medium.) ATSC as implemented in the US uses 8VSB modulation, which requires less power to transmit, as opposed to the also proposed COFDM modulation (used in European DVB-T, which is less prone to multipath distortion and therefore better received in mobile installations).
Transport stream
In the US, multiple digital signals are combined and then transmitted from one antenna source to create over the air broadcasts. By the reverse process (demultiplexing), an ATSC receiver first receives the combined MPEG transport stream and then decodes it to display one of its component signals on a TV set.
Decompression
Since digital signals that are broadcast over the air are compressed (packed smaller), once they are received by the ATSC tuner, these compressed packets of digital data are then decompressed (unpacked to their original size). The ATSC system uses lossy compression, so while the decompressed data size is the same as the original compressed data size, the data produced is not exactly the same as the original data fed into the system at the transmitting site, but it is close enough that most people will not notice a difference.
Error correction
Error correction is a technology that is used by the ATSC tuner to make sure that any data that is missing can be corrected. For instance, sometimes interference or a poor-quality signal will cause the loss of some data that the ATSC tuner receives. With error correction, the tuner has the ability to perform a number of checks and repair data so that a signal can be viewed on a TV set. Error correction works by adding some extra information to the signal before transmission that can be used upon reception to fill in gaps. Therefore, error correction has the opposite effect of compression—it increases the amount of data to transmit, rather than reducing it like compression does, and it improves the quality and robustness of the signal rather than reducing it. Compression removes redundant (and some non-redundant) data, while error correction adds some redundant data. The reason for using error correction rather than just using less compression and keeping the redundancy that was already there is that error correction systems are specially designed to get the maximum benefit out of a very small amount of redundant data, whereas the natural redundancy of the data doesn't do this job as efficiently, so with error correction the net amount of data needed is still smaller.
The ATSC standard (ATSC-E) has a subsection that allows broadcasters to add extra (and variable types) of error correction to their broadcast streams.
This error correction service is not mandatory in the US, nor is it mandatory in Canada.
It is not known how many HDTV receivers support this error correction standard.
For the transmission of HDTV at 720 or 1080, an extra 1% to 3% added error correction codes will help reduce some of ATSC's poorer performance with weak signals under adverse multipath conditions.
Reception is greatly reduced due to EMI in the shortwave to VHF and UHF bandwidth from nearby computers of all sorts [light], portable WiFi and Broadband internet [medium to strong], microwave ovens [burst while activated], cell phones and the towers they communicate with, and even power lines with electronic transmissions.
AV synchronization
AV synchronization is the coordination of audio and video signals being displayed on a digital TV in proper time. AV synchronization ensures that the audio does not lag behind the video that is being displayed on the TV set or vice versa, so that both audio and video are in sync.
Image reformatting
Media reformatting is extremely important because the formatting of images on TV sets differs significantly according to the technology employed. For instance, some televisions have an interlaced picture, whereas others have a progressive-scan picture. Different televisions have a different aspect ratio.
United States government mandates
The FCC has issued the following mandates for devices entering the US:
By July 1, 2005 all televisions with screen sizes over must include a built-in ATSC DTV tuner.
By March 1, 2006 all televisions with screen sizes over must include a built-in ATSC DTV tuner.
By March 1, 2007 all televisions regardless of screen size, and all interface devices that include a tuner (VCR, DVD player/recorder, DVR) must include a built-in ATSC DTV tuner.
Devices manufactured before these dates can still be sold without a built-in ATSC DTV tuner; the lack of digital tuners legally must be disclosed to consumers and most name-brand retailers have incurred FCC penalties for non-compliance with these requirements.
The current regulations are specified in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
Analog TV broadcast switch-off
In early 2006 the US Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 became law, which calls for full-power over-the-air television stations to cease their analog broadcasts by February 17, 2009 (this cut-off date had been moved several times previously). On February 11, 2009, the mandatory DTV broadcast date was moved again to June 12, 2009, although stations were allowed to switch earlier. The delay enabled distribution of more coupons for purchase of converter boxes.
As of June 12, 2009, TVs and other equipment with legacy NTSC tuners are unable to receive over-the-air broadcasts from United States TV stations, unless the broadcast is from a repeater or low-power transmitter. However, Class-A stations shut down analog transmissions on September 1, 2015 followed by a complete shutdown of all low-power and repeater stations by July 13, 2021. Canada had a similar analog TV termination date set to September 1, 2011 (except in some remote northern regions).
It was feared that the US switch-off would cause millions of non-cable- and non-satellite-connected TV sets to "go dark". Viewers who did not upgrade, either to a television with a digital tuner or a set-top box, ended up losing their only source of television, unless they relied only upon the aforementioned non-full-power broadcasters. A Congressional bill authorized subsidized converter boxes in a way that allowed viewers to receive the new digital broadcasts on their old TVs. The transition proceeded with about 235,000 people requesting coupons after the June 12, 2009, transition date.
Two $40 coupons were made available per US address nominally from January 1, 2008, through March 31, 2009; each coupon could be used toward the purchase of one approved coupon-eligible converter box. The coupons expired 90 days after initial mailing and were not renewable. All households were eligible to receive coupons from the initial $990 million allocated, after which an additional $510 million in coupons was to be available to households that rely exclusively on over-the-air television reception. On January 4, 2009, the coupon program reached its US$1.34 billion ceiling and any further consumer requests were placed on a waiting list.
Canadian government mandates
In Canada, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) had set August 31, 2011, as the date on which over-the-air analog TV transmission service would cease in 31 major markets of the country, including all provincial capitals, plus Ottawa (the national capital), and most other major urban centers.
As of the end of 2008, there were 22 Canadian DTV transmitters on-air and all existing digital transitional television licenses explicitly proscribe, as a condition of license, the broadcast of more than fourteen hours a week of programming not already on the analogue service. Unlike in the United States, there is no plan to subsidise ATSC converter purchases and no requirement that newly imported receivers decode the digital signal. Canadian retailers are also not required to disclose the inability of new equipment to receive DTV. The Canadian market therefore has been flooded with obsolete new NTSC equipment which lawfully cannot be exported to the US. A limited number of ATSC receivers are in Canadian retail stores as high-definition television (HDTV) receivers. ATSC CECB converter boxes were first carried nationally in October 2008, with chains such as Best Buy and Home Hardware offering limited selection at higher prices than in the US with no government subsidies. ATSC tuners may also be present in most recently manufactured televisions, as well as DVD recorders, HDTV FTA receivers, and personal computer TV tuner cards.
As of the beginning of 2012, almost all Canadian broadcasters are broadcasting an ATSC signal, with a handful of exceptions granted for low-power and regional stations. These signals can be reliably tuned in most cities with a good indoor antenna and an ATSC tuner. US-based ATSC signals can be reliably tuned with an outdoor antenna and an ATSC tuner in Canadian markets within 60 miles of the US broadcast towers. These markets include Toronto (from Buffalo), Windsor (from Detroit and Toledo), Vancouver (from Seattle and Tacoma), Montreal (from Burlington and Plattsburgh), Ottawa (from Watertown and Plattsburgh), and Fredericton (from Presque Isle). Indoor antennas (both passive and amplified) are easier to install, but outdoor antennas are better at tuning stations from further distances.
Setup and operation
Most ATSC tuners have relatively simple on-screen menus, and automatically bring the user to a setup screen when turned on for the first time. This allows the user to pick the time zone and daylight-saving time mode (as all stations transmit time in UTC), and bandscan for stations. The scan "listens" on every channel from 2 to 69, and pauses when it detects a digital carrier wave. If it is able to decode the station, it reads its PSIP data, and adds its virtual channels to the channel map. If no PSIP is transmitted, the physical channel number is used, and each transport stream is enumerated according to its TSID (converted from hexadecimal), or starting sequentially at .1, .2, .3, and so forth, depending on the tuner.
Several TV stations are using or have used a temporary channel to send their DTV signals and, upon terminating analog transmission, move their digital transmission either back to their old analog channel, or to a third channel (sometimes the former analog of another local station), chosen in the digital channel election in the U.S. This requires all viewers to re-scan or manually add the new channel and possibly delete the old one. Doing a full re-scan will usually cause other channels to be dropped if they cannot be received at the moment the scan passes their physical channel, so this is typically undesirable, although many ATSC tuners only have this option. Some have an "easy-add" feature which does not delete what is already mapped in memory. Some allow the user to enter the physical channel and an unmapped subchannel, causing the tuner to search the physical channel. Depending on the tuner, this may or may not automatically add the station and its digital subchannels to the map, and/or to the user's "favorites". This may also leave the old "dead" channel mapping in place, so that there is the new 8.1, dead 8.1, new 8.2, dead 8.2, etc. In most cases, TV stations will not have the actual frequency they are currently using on their website. If the auto scan does not pick up the signal and the tuner has manual frequency scan capability try to get the actual frequency from the station engineer. This may allow one to stay on one frequency (channel) versus "scanning" (moving too quickly through) and allow one to make antenna adjustments while observing only a problematic channel.
Other errors which appear to be in the tuner are actually the result of incorrect data sent by one or more stations, often including missing electronic program guide data. Many ATSC tuners will remember EPG info for each station, but only for a few hours after viewing a channel on that station. Some will not remember at all (displaying only the required channel banner), while a very few others will store data for days (although this requires staying tuned to each station for more than a few seconds in order to receive the extended info). DirecTV receivers with ATSC tuners can download the guide at any time, while other TiVo units download guide data separately. TV Guide On Screen can also be used for this, but very few if any ATSC tuners include this (which requires downloading all guide data for all channels from one particular station). Stations sending the wrong time are also a major problem, as this can skew or ruin guide data for all stations until the correct time is received again from a different and correctly set station.
Manual tuning
Each digital OTA channel number is composed of a main number and a subchannel, for example 4.1, 4.2, etc. A dash is an alternate form of representation: 4–1, 4–2... The dot and dash are interchangeable; they both mean the same thing. The main channel numbers refer to the same radio frequencies as previously. However, now "virtual channel" (technically known as logical channel number) numbers are common. So, Channel 4 digital signals may now actually be broadcast on channel 43, or any other frequency. When the ATSC tuner does a channel scan, it finds the signal on channel 43, learns that this material is called "Channel 4", and remembers that mapping. The user can tune to "4", and the tuner will know to tune in 43. Before a scan is done, it may be possible to access the programs directly by manual tuning, by entering 43–1, 43–2... After the scan, the programs would usually be accessed by entering 4–1, 4-2 etc., but it may still be possible to also access them directly at 43 as long as it is also not the same as an already assigned channel. If stations change their broadcast frequencies, it may be possible to access the new frequencies directly as long as it is also not the same as an already assigned channel in which case it will go to that channel instead of the frequency, but the usual procedure is to re-scan all of the channels which will just assign multiple version of any overlapping channels.
See also
ATSC DVD recorders
Digital broadcasting
Digital switchover
Digital terrestrial television
High-definition television in the United States
QAM tuner
Tuner (radio)
Virtual channel
References
Bibliography
External links
The FCC's DTV information site
Patent and royalty info 2006-12-27
Enabling TV Tuner Technology for All-Digital Cable Networks
Tuner
Digital television
High-definition television
History of television
Set-top box
Television terminology |
4026661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zallaq | Zallaq | Zallaq () is a village on the western coast of Bahrain.
Zallaq was the home to the Al-Dawasir, Al-Zeabi and Al-Gahtam and Al-Seddiqi tribes in Bahrain together with Budaiya and Hawar Islands. It is famous for the Jazaer Beach (also known as Zallaq Beach). The Al Areen Wildlife Park is also near the Jazaer Beach in Zallaq. The village has many fishing boats.
See also
Bahrain
References
External links
Photos of Zallaq
yeyeyeye
Populated places in Bahrain |
4026667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20and%20South%20East%20Merit%20League | London and South East Merit League | The London and South East Merit League is a rugby league competition founded in 1965. It is also known as the London League (LL), London, South and East Merit League, London Amateur Rugby League (LARL) and London Merit League (LML).
It is now one of four feeder leagues for the Rugby League Conference (RLC). There is also a London Junior League for youth teams.
Structure
The merit system, which gives its unofficial name to the league as the London Merit League, came about as a way to accommodate the needs of as many of clubs as possible. The "merit table" system gives teams, freedom to arrange as many or few games amongst the other league participants as they wish. The results of fixtures worked out between the teams are compiled into a league table based on average scores. The top six teams then go through to a play-off system to determine the champion club. The London League participants also have the opportunity to arrange games with clubs participating in the RL Merit League or Midlands Rugby League.
History
When the Acton & Willesden and Streatham & Mitcham clubs joined the Rugby Football League in 1935, a number of supporters and rejected trialists formed a number of amateur teams in London. There was no amateur competition in London at that time but leading clubs were Acton Hornets, Park Royal Rangers, Hendon, Dagenham, and Harlesden All Blacks. None of these clubs survived the failure of the two professional clubs.
Amateur clubs were again formed in Morden, Brixton, Mitcham, Slough and Southampton; and a four-team Southern Amateur Rugby League took place in 1949–50 before folding. There was an attempt to revive the league in 1955, when a Mr Tim Wood, of Chigwell Row, Essex, wrote to the Rugby Football League to enquire about possible assistance.
In 1965 Gordon Anderton placed an advert in the London Evening Standard saying that anyone interested in starting a rugby league side should meet at a Hackney pub and from this about half a dozen enthusiasts began to train in the National Sports Centre at Crystal Palace. Brian Blessed was the first coach, training moved to Hackney marshes and within twelve months the London Amateur Rugby League Association was formed, with Eddie Waring as its first president. It was soon renamed the Southern Amateur Rugby League as teams from outside London joined.
Hackney expanded and as many players came from the Ealing area a second club formed using the council pitch at Gunnersbury Park that was also used by a rugby union team. Ealing also grew quickly and with many new players coming from the Hillingdon area a third team soon followed. In these early days 2nd Para Division at Aldershot also often fielded a team, when not on duty in Northern Ireland plus a team from Portsmouth University and then came Peckham who were based at Herne Hill Stadium. The stadium had been resurfaced to host the cycling world championships but unfortunately, a few months before the event the officials measured the track and found it was a metre short so no records would stand. The request to use the stadium for rugby league was an offer the council jumped at and as a result of playing at a relatively prestige stadium Peckham expanded and for many years was the premier team in the Southern League.
By 1981, there were enough teams competing to form a Second division and a Third division ran between 1984 and 1988. The league was rebranded the London Amateur Rugby League in 1986 to reflect the concentration of sides in the London area after outpost clubs Cheltenham, Aberavon, Hemel Hempstead, Milton Keynes and Wokingham (soon renamed Surrey Heath) all switched to the newly formed Midlands & South West League (MASWARLA) by its second season (Wokingham had been founder members). In 1995–96 there were two regionalised Second divisions due to the Eastern Counties League being absorbed into the London League and an influx of teams from South West England.
The Southern Conference League, founded in 1997, was the fore-runner of the Rugby League Conference. It included some of the top teams in the London Amateur Rugby League, focusing on clubs that either had or promised junior sections. As the best of the London League was gradually included into the Conference, the rest reformed as a summer merit league for new clubs, police / prison sides and second and third teams. The last winter season completed was 1998/99 and the first summer season was 2000.
The Gordon Anderton Memorial Trophy knock-out competition was established in 1997 and ran for two seasons. It was named after Gordon who ran the London League from 1965 to just before his death in the mid-90s.
The switched from the traditional winter season to a summer league in 2000 following the lead of the Super League which made the switch in 1996. The last winter London League season in 98/99 finished with only four teams still playing; London Colonials, South London Storm, London Skolars A and Metropolitan Police. The first London summer merit league started with eight teams.
From 2000 the London League Champions were determined via a play-off series culminating in a Grand Final. In 2011 the league was renamed London, South and East Merit League with teams joining from the East of England. In 2012 it became the London & South East Entrance League with the Eastern teams leaving to form the East Merit League.
Rugby League Conference Pyramid
National Conference League
Conference League South
South Premier
Eastern Men's League and London & South East Men's League
London, South and East Merit League
The London League is the lowest level on the Rugby League Conference pyramid for clubs in the South of England.
Participating teams
In 2013 the following teams have entered:
Barking & Dagenham Bulldogs
Beckenham Bears
Greenwich Admirals
Guildford Giants
Hammersmith Hills Hoists A
Newham Dockers
Mudchute Uncles
Southend Spartans
South West London Chargers A
Staines Titans
St Albans Centurions A
Thames Ditton Tigers
Weald Warriors A
Participating teams by season
2000: Crawley Jets 'A', Huntingdon Town, Newmarket, North London Skolars 'A', Oxford Cavaliers 'A', St Albans Centurions 'A', South London Storm 'A', West London Sharks 'A'
2001: Crawley Jets 'A', Finchley, Luton Vipers, Newmarket, North London Skolars 'A', St Albans Centurions 'A', St Ives, South London Storm 'A', West London Sharks 'A'
2002: Crawley Jets 'A', Finchley, Greenwich Admirals, Luton Vipers 'A', North London Skolars 'A', St Albans Centurions 'A', St Ives, South London Storm 'A', South Norfolk Saints, West London Sharks 'A'
2003: Essex Eels 'A', Feltham YOI, Finchley, Greenwich Admirals 'A', Kingston Warriors 'A', Luton Vipers 'A', Metropolitan Police, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, St Albans Centurions 'A', South London Storm 'B', West London Sharks 'A'
2004: 36th Engineering Regiment Maidstone, Bedford Tigers, Croydon Hurricanes, Dover Parachute Regiment, Feltham YOI, Greenwich Admirals 'A', Haringey Hornets, HMP The Mount, Ipswich Rhinos 'A', Kent Ravens, Kingston Warriors 'A', Luton Vipers 'A', Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, St Albans Centurions 'B', West London Sharks 'A'
2005: Broadstairs Bulldogs, Colchester Romans, Feltham YOI, Greenwich Admirals 'A', HMP The Mount, Ipswich Rhinos 'A', Kent Ravens, Metropolitan Police, West London Sharks 'A'
2006: Bedford Tigers 'A', Eastern Raiders, Feltham YOI, Kentish Tigers, Luton Vipers, Smallford Saints, South London Storm 'A', Southend Seaxes, West London Sharks 'A'
2007: Bedford Tigers 'A', Eastern Raiders, Farnborough Falcons, Feltham Eagles, Hadleigh Hawks, Hainault Bulldogs, Kent Ravens 'A', London Griffins, Metropolitan Police, Northampton Casuals, St Albans Centurions 'A', Smallford Saints, South London Storm 'A', Southampton Spitfires, Southgate Skolars, Southgate Skolars 'A', West London Sharks 'A'
2008: Bedford Tigers 'A', Eastern Raiders, Farnborough Falcons, Feltham Eagles, Hainault Bulldogs 'A', Hemel Stags 'A', Kent Ravens, London Griffins, Metropolitan Police, Norwich City Saxons, St Albans Centurions 'A', St Ives Roosters 'A', South London Storm 'A', Southampton Spitfires, Southgate Skolars, West London Sharks 'A'
2009: Bedford Tigers 'A', Greenwich Admirals 'A', Guildford Giants 'A', Hammersmith Hills Hoists, Hemel Stags 'A', St Albans Centurions 'A', St Mary's University, South London Storm 'A', Southgate Skolars, Sussex Merlins, West London Sharks 'A'
2010: Bedford Tigers 'A', Colchester Romans, Eastern Rhinos 'A', Feltham Eagles, Greenwich Admirals 'A', Hammersmith Hills Hoists 'A', Hemel Stags 'A', Metropolitan Police, Phantoms, West London Sharks 'A'
2011: Bedford Tigers 'A', Fenland Foxes, Greenwich Admirals 'A', Guildford Giants 'A', Hammersmith Hills Hoists 'A', Hemel Stags 'A', London Skolars 'A' (called up to Rugby League Conference mid-season), Mudchute Uncles, Phantoms RL, RAF Odiham, St Albans Centurions 'A', South London Storm 'A', Southampton Spitfires 'A', West Norfolk Wildcats
2012: Barking & Dagenham Bulldogs, Hammersmith Hills Hoists A, Mudchute Uncles, Newham Dockers, Weald Warriors, Weald Warriors 'A'
2013: Barking & Dagenham Bulldogs, Beckenham Bears, Greenwich Admirals, Guildford Giants 'A', Hammersmith Hills Hoists 'A', Mudchute Uncles, Newham Dockers, St Albans Centurions 'A', South West London Chargers 'A', Southend Spartans, Staines Titans, Thames Ditton Tigers, Weald Warriors 'A'
2014: Billericay Rangers, Eastern Rhinos 'A', Fleet Mustangs, Hammersmith Hills Hoists, London Skolars 'B', St Albans Centurions 'A', South West London Chargers 'B', Wests Warriors
2015: Croydon Hurricanes, Fleet Mustangs, Hemel Stags A, Invicta Panthers, Newham Dockers, Richmond Warriors, South West London Chargers A, The Bears A, Weald Warriors, Wests Warriors A
Teams joining the Rugby League Conference
Many of the foundation clubs of the Rugby League Conference (RLC) came from the London League and the league has continued to provide teams such as North London Skolars, Ipswich Rhinos, Cambridge Eagles, St Albans Centurions, South London Storm and Kingston Warriors.
Since adopting its current format the London League has provided fifteen teams to the RLC:-
2002 Luton Vipers
2003 Greenwich Admirals, London Skolars A, South London Storm A, South Norfolk Saints and St Ives Roosters
2004 St Albans Centurions A
2005 Haringey Hornets, Luton Vipers 'A' (who failed to complete the season) and Bedford Tigers
2006 Kent Ravens, Colchester Romans and Broadstairs Bulldogs
2008 Northampton Casuals and Hainault Bulldogs
2009 Hainault Bulldogs 'A' (failed to complete the season), Norwich City Saxons, Kent Ravens (again, failed to complete the season), Farnborough Falcons (failed to start the season) and Southampton Spitfires
2010 Hammersmith Hills Hoists, South London Storm A (again), St Albans Centurions A (again, failed to complete the season) and Sussex Merlins
2011 London Skolars A (called up to replace Hainault Bulldogs midseason)
NB: These are the years these clubs joined the RLC.
Winners
From 2000 the London League Champions were determined via a play-off series culminating in a Grand Final.
Second Division
1981/82 Peckham II
1982/83 Fulham Travellers
1983/84 Peckham II
1984/85 Fulham Travellers
1985/86 St Marys
1986/87 Fulham Amateurs
1987/88 St Marys
1988/89 Peckham II
1993/94 Brent Ealing II
1994/95 Brent Ealing II
1995/96 Basingstoke Beasts
1996/97 Bexleyheath
1997/98 Kingston
Third Division
1984/85 Peckham Pumas
1985/86 Bexleyheath
1986/87 Hornsey Lambs
1987/88 Fulham Amateurs
London League Bowl Winners
1984/85 Peckham 26 Bexleyheath 18
1985/86 West London Institute 30 Hornsey Lambs 5
1986/87 Hornsey Lambs 35 Hemel 0
1987/88 Surrey Heath 22 Ealing 10
1988/89 Peckham II 26 Streatham Celtic 12
1989/90 Ealing II 32 Essex Scimitars 10
1990/91 Peckham II 20 Met Police 10
1992/93 South London Warriors II 20 Cambridge 14
1993/94 Peckham 29 Met Police 10
1994/95 South London Warriors II 48 Cambridge Eagles 12
1995/96 Basingstoke Beasts 26 Brent Ealing II 14
1996/97 Reading Raiders
1997/98 St Albans Centurions 32 Hemel Stags 18
London League Cup
1969/70 Ealing 30 Hillingdon 5
1970/71 Ealing 18 Hillingdon 6
1971/72 Hillingdon 13 Portsmouth Poly 11
1972/73 Ealing 15 Hackney 7
1973/74 Ealing 17 Peckham 16
1974/75 Peckham 11 Hackney 7
1975/76 Peckham 27 Hornchurch 17
1976/77 Peckham 24 Ealing 12
1977/78 Peckham 19 Ealing 12
1978/79 Peckham 29–Ealing 0
1979/80 Peckham 27 Ealing 9
1980/81 Peckham 22 Ealing 15
1981/82 Ealing 28 Oxford University 14
1982/83 Peckham 18 London Colonials 13
1983/84 London Colonials 14 Ealing 4
1984/85 London Colonials 18 Peckham Pumas 10
1985/86 South London Warriors 72 St Marys 5
1986/87 South London Warriors 32 London Colonials 7
1987/88 London Colonials 28 St Marys 6
1988/89 South London Warriors 26 London Colonials 22
1989/90 South London Warriors 24 St Marys 6
1990/91 South London Warriors 14 London Colonials 10
1991/92 South London Warriors 20 Ealing 18
1992/93 St Marys 52 South London Warriors 38
1993/94 South London Warriors 30 Ealing 8
1994/95 South London Warriors 36 Brent Ealing 8
1995/96 Reading Raiders 32 Oxford University 18
1996/97 Reading Raiders 36 West London 8
1997/98 Reading Raiders 28 Met Police 18
1998/99 Reading Raiders 18 North London 10
2000 St Albans Centurions 'A' def South London Storm 'A'
Plate Winners
2004 Greenwich Admirals bt West London Sharks (title awarded to Greenwich by default)
2005 Kent Ravens 30 Feltham Eagles 18
2006 Feltham Eagles 50 Southend 18
2007 Feltham Eagles 72 Kent Ravens 'A' 10
2008 Metropolitan Police 24 Farnborough Falcons18
7s (Keith Macklin Trophy)
1970 Peckham ARLC
1971 Parachute Regiment
1972 ANZACs
7s (Ealing Plate)
1971 Portsmouth
1972 Peckham
Gordon Anderton memorial trophy
1997/98 Reading Raiders 28–24 South London Saints
1998/99 Reading Raiders 32–28 South London Saints
Southern Cup
1995 Hemel Stags def London Colonials
See also
British rugby league system
Rugby League Conference
Midlands Rugby League
RL Merit League
References
External links
Rugby League Conference
Rugby league in London |
4026677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianluca%20Pozzi | Gianluca Pozzi | Gianluca Pozzi (born 17 June 1965) is a former tennis player from Italy, who turned professional in 1984.
Pozzi won one singles title (1991, Brisbane) and one doubles title (1991, Newport) during his career. The left-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on 29 January 2001, when he became World No. 40.
During his career, Pozzi notably defeated Grand Slam champions Andre Agassi, Ivan Lendl, Marat Safin, Sergi Bruguera and Roger Federer. And in 2000 Pozzi, at the age of 37, memorably reached the Round of 16 on grass at Wimbledon, prompting Italian tennis journalist Dr. Giovanni Clerici to write that "Nonno" Gianluca ("Grandfather" Gianluca) had won a great victory there.
ATP career finals
Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)
Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures Finals
Singles: 19 (10–9)
Doubles: 6 (2–4)
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
External links
1965 births
Living people
Italian male tennis players
Olympic tennis players of Italy
Sportspeople from Bari
Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics |
4026705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantites | Pantites | Pantites (died c. 470s BC) was a Spartan warrior, one of the Three Hundred sent to the Battle of Thermopylae. King Leonidas I ordered Pantites on an embassy to Thessaly, possibly to recruit allies for the coming battle. However, Pantites failed to return to Thermopylae in time for the battle, arriving after all of his fellow soldiers had been killed. When he returned to Sparta, he was shunned as a "trembler" and made an outcast. Unable to live with his disgrace, he hanged himself.
See also
Eurytus of Sparta
Aristodemus of Sparta
References
Ancient Spartan soldiers
5th-century BC Greek people
Battle of Thermopylae
Suicides by hanging in Greece
470s BC deaths
Military history of ancient Thessaly
Ambassadors in Greek Antiquity
Year of birth unknown |
4026713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20563%20%28New%20Jersey%29 | County Route 563 (New Jersey) | County Route 563 (CR 563) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from CR 629/Ocean Drive (Ventnor Avenue) in Margate City, Atlantic County north to Route 72 in Woodland Township, Burlington County. In Atlantic County, the road runs through a mix of suburban and rural areas, passing through Northfield, Egg Harbor Township, and Egg Harbor City. North of Egg Harbor City into Burlington County, CR 563 runs through the heavily forested Pine Barrens. Between Margate and Northfield, CR 563 runs along the Downbeach Express, a toll bridge that is maintained by Ole Hansen & Sons, Inc.
The Margate Bridge was built in 1929 by Ole Hansen and privately maintained until being taken over by the Margate Bridge Company in 1963. It was renamed to the Downbeach Express in 2012. The portion of present-day CR 563 between U.S. Route 9 (US 9) and US 30 was legislated as a state highway called Route S43 in 1938, a spur of Route 43 (US 30). This was never built as a state highway. By 1946, all of current CR 563 had been built as a paved road. The CR 563 designation was assigned in 1952 with the creation of the 500-series county routes in New Jersey.
The Cardiff Circle at the north end of the US 40/US 322 concurrency in Egg Harbor Township was eliminated in 2002, while the Airport Circle at CR 646 near the Atlantic City International Airport underwent alterations in 2011 allowing Delilah Road motorists to pass straight through the circle, and future plans call for new ramps to pass over the circle as part of a project to connect the airport directly to the Atlantic City Expressway.
Route description
CR 563 begins at an intersection with CR 629 (Ocean Drive) in Margate City, Atlantic County, heading to the northwest on Jerome Avenue, a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane. The road continues through residential areas of Margate City before it comes to the toll plaza for the Downbeach Express, formerly known as the Margate Bridge and Causeway. This span, which stretches from Margate City to Northfield, is maintained by Ole Hansen & Sons, Inc., and tolls can be paid with cash or the Downbeach Express Pass, an automated toll collection system. E-ZPass is not accepted on the Downbeach Express. The toll for cars is $2.00 using cash and $1.40 using the Downbeach Express Pass. At this point, CR 563 narrows into a two-lane undivided road and turns west, entering Egg Harbor Township upon crossing the Beach Thorofare on a drawbridge. The road turns northwest into wetlands, crossing over several waterways. After passing a marina, the route runs through more wetlands before entering Northfield. Here, CR 563 becomes Mill Road and passes homes prior to a five-way intersection with CR 585 and CR 662. At this intersection, CR 563 turns north onto Tilton Road and runs through residential and commercial areas. Upon crossing US 9, the route widens back to a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane and is lined with several businesses. The road crosses back into Egg Harbor Township, becoming a six-lane divided highway as it crosses CR 651 and has a ramp from the southbound direction to the Garden State Parkway. CR 563 becomes a four-lane undivided road as it crosses under the Garden State Parkway and comes to a ramp from the southbound Garden State Parkway to southbound CR 563. A short distance later, it comes to an intersection with US 40/US 322 (Black Horse Pike), where CR 563 makes a left turn to form a concurrency with that road.
Along the Black Horse Pike, the road continues north and passes to the east of the Harbor Square shopping center. CR 563 splits from US 40/US 322 by continuing north-northwest on Tilton Road, which is three lanes wide including a center left-turn lane. It runs through wooded areas of development as it crosses over the Atlantic City Expressway without an interchange. CR 563 intersects CR 646 and Amelia Earhart Boulevard, an access road to the Atlantic City International Airport at the former Airport Circle. Following the circle, the route narrows into a two-lane road as it passes through forests prior to running to the west of the Atlantic City International Airport. The road continues into Hamilton Township, where it has an intersection with CR 575. After this intersection, CR 563 enters wooded surroundings and crosses into Galloway Township. In this area, the road crosses over NJ Transit’s Atlantic City Line prior to an intersection with US 30 (White Horse Pike).
CR 563 heads northwest to form a concurrency with the four-lane undivided US 30, passing through the community of Cologne, where it crosses CR 614. The road continues through rural areas with some development before entering Egg Harbor City at the CR 674 junction. In Egg Harbor City, the road passes homes and businesses before coming to the northern terminus of Route 50 in the center of town. At this intersection, CR 563 splits from US 30 by heading northeast on two-lane undivided Philadelphia Avenue, which continues south as Route 50. The road passes through the downtown area before entering areas of homes. After crossing CR 561, the development along CR 563 decreases as it heads into heavily forested areas of the Pine Barrens and comes to a crossroads with CR 561 Alternate. Upon crossing Egg Harbor City Lake, CR 563 becomes Park Avenue West, Buffalo Avenue, and Egg Harbor-Green Bank Road. The road makes a turn to the north and crosses into Mullica Township. In Mullica Township, the route enters the residential community of Weekstown, where it curves west before heading north at the CR 643 junction. Upon leaving Weekstown, CR 563 turns northeast back into the Pine Barrens.
After crossing the Mullica River on a drawbridge, CR 563 enters Washington Township in Burlington County, where it becomes Chatsworth-Harrisville-New Gretna Road and continues northeast past homes. After heading east for a brief concurrency with CR 542, the route heads north into the Wharton State Forest, passing through rural areas for several miles. CR 563 intersects CR 679 before passing a few areas of homes. The road runs through more forests before heading into an area of cranberry bogs. CR 563 leaves the Wharton State Forest and enters Woodland Township, still in the Pine Barrens. In Woodland Township, the route comes to the residential community of Chatsworth. In the center of the community, CR 563 has a concurrency with CR 532. After running through Chatsworth, CR 563 passes through more forests before coming to its northern terminus at Route 72.
History
What is now CR 563 between Egg Harbor City and Green Bank originally existed as an unnumbered and unpaved road by 1927. The Margate Bridge between Margate City and Northfield was built in 1929 by Ole Hansen and was privately maintained by F. W. Schwiers & Company. This span would be purchased in 1963 by the Margate Bridge Company, owned by the Hansen and Capaldi families, after the original owners went bankrupt.
In 1938, a spur of Route 43 (US 30) called Route S43 was planned to follow the current alignment of CR 563 from Route 43 in Germania to Route 4 (now US 9) in Northfield; this road was never built as a state highway. By 1946, the entire current alignment of CR 563 was built as an unnumbered paved two-lane road. When the 500-series county routes were established in New Jersey in 1952, CR 563 was designated onto its current alignment. A spur route, CR 563 Spur, was also designated, which ran from CR 563 in Washington Township east to US 9 in New Gretna in Burlington County. This spur route was replaced with CR 679 by the 1990s. The Cardiff Circle at the north end of the US 40/US 322 concurrency in Egg Harbor Township was eliminated in a $3.7 million project completed in 2002. The Airport Circle at CR 646 was planned to be replaced with a regular roundabout due to a high accident rate at the current circle. The circle was removed in 2011, allowing CR 646 motorists to pass across through the circle, and future plans call for new ramps to pass over the circle as part of a project to connect the airport directly to the Atlantic City Expressway.
In 2003, an automated toll collection system was introduced along the Margate Bridge and Causeway known as the Quick Toll Card, which used a prepaid automated toll card. In 2012, the Margate Bridge and Causeway was renamed the Downbeach Express and a more efficient Downbeach Express Pass automated toll collection system was introduced.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
New Jersey 5xx Routes (Dan Moraseski)
CR 563 pictures
563
563
563 |
4026719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin%20App | Austin App | Austin Joseph App (24 May 1902 – 4 May 1984) was a German-American professor of medieval English literature who taught at the University of Scranton and La Salle University. App defended Nazi Germany during World War II. He is known for his work denying the Holocaust, and he has been called the first major American Holocaust denier.
Life and career
Born in Milwaukee to German immigrant parents who were farmers, he attended St. Francis Seminary near Milwaukee and graduated in 1923. He studied English Literature at the Catholic University of America and received the Ph.D. in 1929. He served as an instructor of English at that university from 1929 to 1935. From 1935 to 1942 he served as the head of the English Department at the University of Scranton, publishing widely in scholarly and popular journals. Among the latter, he often wrote for The Catholic Home Journal, Magnificat, Queen's Work, and The Victorian. By his own account, he was particularly devoted to the cultural value of good manners, well-developed public speaking, and chivalry.
App never married. He was a frequent public speaker. He wrote many letters to the editors of magazines and newspapers. He complained about the American declaration of war on Germany, and argued that without American intervention the Axis Powers would have won World War II. He blamed Jews and communists for Germany's postwar problems. Few of his letters were published.
In a manner of criticism typical for his generation, App often examined literary aesthetics according to categories of virtue and truth. In a collection of essays printed in 1948, he argued for a Christian interpretation of literature in chapters titled “Presenting Sin and Temptation in Literature” and “How to Judge a Novel Ethically.”
He became president of the Federation of American Citizens of German Descent in 1945, serving in this position for several years. In the 1950s, App often wrote articles for Conde McGinley's antisemitic journal Common Sense. He later founded The Boniface Press and served as an editor there. It was named after Saint Boniface, the Anglo-Saxon missionary who brought the faith to Germanic Europe. He served on the editorial advisory committee of the revisionist Journal of Historical Review from 1980 until his death.
Holocaust denial
App laid out eight axioms, or what he described as "incontrovertible assertions", about the Holocaust in his 1973 pamphlet The Six Million Swindle: Blackmailing the German People for Hard Marks With Fabricated Corpses, which denied the existence of gas chambers and tried to show it was impossible for six million Jews to have been killed.
In February 1976, App published an article "The Sudeten-German Tragedy" in Reason magazine, criticizing the post-World War II expulsion of the Sudeten Germans as "one of the worst mass atrocities in history." The article was later printed as a pamphlet.
App also published A Straight Look at the Third Reich, a defense of Nazi Germany, and The Curse of Anti-Anti-Semitism, arguing that the entire Jewish community is responsible for the death of Christ. App's work inspired the Institute for Historical Review, a Holocaust denial center in California, founded in 1978.
Selected works
Lancelot in English Literature: His Role and Character, doctoral dissertation, Catholic University of America, 1929.
Edwin Arlington Robinson’s Arthurian Poems, in: Thought 10.3 (1935), p.468-479.
History's Most Terrifying Peace. 1947.
Ravishing the Women of Conquered Europe. Pamphlet, 1948.
The Way to Creative Writing. Milwaukee: Bruce Publishers, 1954.
Making the Later Years Count. For a healthy, well-provided, blessed Old Age. Milwaukee: Bruce Publishers, 1960.
The Rooseveltian concentration camps for Japanese-Americans, 1942-46. Philadelphia: Boniface Press, 1967.
A straight look at the Third Reich: Hitler and National Socialism, how right? how wrong? Takoma Park, Maryland: Boniface Press, 1974.
The Six Million Swindle: Blackmailing the German People for Hard Marks with Fabricated Corpses. Takoma Park, Maryland: Boniface Press, 1973. Second edition printed in 1976.
The Curse of Anti-Anti-Semitism. 1976.
German-American Voice for Truth and Justice: Autobiography. Takoma Park, Maryland: Boniface Press, 1977.
The Sudeten-German Tragedy. Takoma Park, Maryland: Boniface Press, 1979-. Several volumes.
References
Sources
Autobiographical Speech held by App, accessed 27 Oct 2020.
1902 births
1984 deaths
American Holocaust deniers
American academics of English literature
American medievalists
University of Scranton faculty
Catholic University of America School of Arts and Sciences faculty
La Salle University faculty
Catholic University of America alumni
St. Francis Seminary (Wisconsin) alumni
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers |
4026726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Goldstein%20%28tennis%29 | Paul Goldstein (tennis) | Paul Herbert Goldstein (born August 4, 1976) is a retired tennis player from the United States, who turned professional in 1998. He announced his retirement from professional tennis in February 2008, as he was starting working with a clean energy company.
As a junior, he won the USTA Boys' 16s National Championship in 1992, and the USTA Boys' 18s National Championships in both 1993 and 1994. He then played college tennis at Stanford University, from which he graduated after a career in which he was named an All-American each of the four years he played, and the team won the national championship each year. He won the gold medal in singles at the 1999 Pan American Games.
The right-hander reached career-high ATP Tour rankings of World No. 58 in singles in April 2006, and World No. 40 in doubles in February 2007. He is now head coach of the Stanford Men's tennis team.
Early life
Goldstein was born Washington DC and raised in Rockville, Maryland, and is Jewish. He is the son of Clark Goldstein, a former national table tennis champion. He started playing when he was nine.
He won the USTA Boys' 16s National Championship in 1992, and the USTA Boys' 18s National Championships in both 1993 and 1994 (in 1994, defeating Jan-Michael Gambill). He also won the 1994 doubles championship with Scott Humphries.
He is a 1994 graduate of Sidwell Friends School in Washington, D.C., where he was a four-time Washington Post First Team All Met selection ('91–'94).
College career
Goldstein played college tennis at Stanford University and graduated in 1998 with a degree in human biology. He was an All-American each year, and the team won the national championship each year. In his senior year he was Pac-10 Player of the Year in 1998, after a 33–2 season in which he was team captain.
Pan American Games
Goldstein won the gold medal in singles at the 1999 Pan American Games defeating Cecil Mamiit.
Pro career
He had 26 USTA titles through November 2005.Paul Goldstein: Circuit Player of the Week
In January 1999 at the Australian Open he shocked world # 8 Greg Rusedski, 6–4, 6–7(11,) 7–6(5), 6–2. In June at Wimbledon he upset both world # 33 Jan Siemerink, 6–4, 5–7, 4–6, 6–2, 6–1, and # 17 Félix Mantilla, 6–2, 6–4, 6–7(5), 6–2. In August he upset world # 8 Àlex Corretja of Spain 7–6(11), 7–6(5), in Washington, D.C..
In February 2000 he defeated world # 17 Patrick Rafter of Australia 4–6, 6–1, 6–2, in Delray Beach, Florida.
In the 2005 US Open, Goldstein and Jim Thomas upset defending champions and #1 seeds Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor in the first round, as well as Simon Aspelin and Todd Perry in the QFs, before losing to eventual champions Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan in the SFs. In the 2006 US Open, Goldstein and Thomas again defeated Knowles and Nestor (this time in the 3rd round).
Goldstein and Jim Thomas lost in the doubles finals of the 2006 SAP Open to 47-year-old John McEnroe and Jonas Björkman. They also were doubles finalists in two other ATP tournaments in 2006 (Indianapolis, won by Andy Roddick and Bobby Reynolds, and Tokyo, won by Ashley Fisher and Tripp Phillips).
In February 2006 he beat world # 18 Robby Ginepri 6–7(4), 6–3, 6–1, in Las Vegas, and in July he defeated world # 13 Lleyton Hewitt 6–4, 6–4 in Los Angeles. In the January Australian Open, he beat future champion Novak Djokovic in the first round 6–2, 1–6, 6–3, 6–2. Paul was easily defeated in the next round by Tommy Haas 0–6, 1–6, 2–6. Haas lost to Federer in 5 sets in the fourth round.
In January 2007 he defeated world # 21 Dominik Hrbatý of Slovakia 6–2, 7–6(4), in Adelaide, Australia. The next month he defeated world # 45 Julien Benneteau in Las Vegas, 6–1, 6–0. Despite losing in the first round of singles at the Tunica Resorts Challenger in May, he and Donald Young won the doubles final, defeating Pablo Cuevas and Horacio Zeballos 4–6, 6–1, 10–4.
Tennis exhibitions
Goldstein has participated in exhibition events for other tennis players and their charities, including Andy Roddick, Jim Thomas, and the Bryan brothers. On September 27, 2008, he participated in The Bryan Brothers' All-Star Tennis Smash in Thousand Oaks, California, initially playing doubles with Justin Gimblestob, and ending up playing singles with Andre Agassi (losing 7–5).
Post-retirement
Goldstein officially retired in February 2008 and began working with a clean energy company in the San Francisco Bay area. In 2004 he married his college sweetheart and partner of nine years, Abbie; it was she who persuaded him to play on during the 2007 season. They live in Menlo Park, California, with their three children.
In 2014, Goldstein became head coach of the Stanford Men's Tennis Team.
Halls of Fame
Goldstein was inducted into the ITA Collegiate Tennis Hall of Fame in 2013.
Goldstein was inducted into the North California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2015.
ATP career finals
Doubles: 5 (5 runner-ups)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 20 (13–7)
Doubles: 20 (12–8)
Junior Grand Slam finals
Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)
Performance timelineS
Singles
Doubles
See also
List of select Jewish tennis players
References
External links
Goldstein World Ranking History
Jewish Virtual Library bio
Jews in Sports bio
"Paul Goldstein: Circuit Player of the Week", 11/9/05
Jim Thomas (Goldstein's doubles partner) official website
Goldstein participating in 2008 tennis exhibition event
1976 births
Living people
American male tennis players
Stanford Cardinal men's tennis players
Tennis players from San Francisco
Tennis players from Washington, D.C.
Tennis players at the 1999 Pan American Games
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish tennis players
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in tennis
Universiade medalists in tennis
Universiade gold medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
21st-century American Jews |
4026728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley%20Cooper%20%28singer%29 | Ashley Cooper (singer) | Ashley Cooper (born 23 February 1988) is a country singer from New Zealand.
Biography
Cooper was born in Cambridge, New Zealand. She was a contestant on the second series of New Zealand Idol. After being the third person to be eliminated out of the top ten on Idol, she released her first single "I Want You", which debuted at nineteen and eventually peaked at number nine. Most of the single's success can be based on the physical sales of the single, as well as airplay, which it received.
Cooper and songwriter Michael Tipping began working together in 2007, forming the duo 2am. They later changed the name to Michael & Ashley, and then to Cooper's Run. They were named New Zealand's Rising Stars and Horizon Winners at the New Zealand National Country Music Awards in 2009. In the same year, Cooper became the first New Zealander to sing at the Global Artist Showcase in Nashville. The duo also released the album "Missing Home".
In 2010 the duo won Duo/Group of the Year at the New Zealand National Country Music Awards. In 2011 the pair were the opening support act for country group Lady Antebellum at their Auckland concert.
Discography
(2005) "Dedicated to the One I Love", (with the finalists of NZ Idol) - #5 NZ
(2006) "I Want You" - #9 NZ
(2010) "Summertime"
References
External links
I Want You Official Music Video
1988 births
Living people
New Zealand Idol participants
People from Cambridge, New Zealand
21st-century New Zealand women singers |
4026749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological%20Museum%20of%20Alicante | Archaeological Museum of Alicante | The Archaeological Museum of Alicante (, , abbreviated as MARQ) is an archaeological museum in Alicante, Spain. The museum won the European Museum of the Year Award in 2004, a few years after significant expansion and reallocation to renovated buildings of the antique hospital of San Juan de Dios. The museum houses eight galleries that use multimedia to allow visitors to interact with the lives of past residents of the region.
See also
List of museums in Spain
References
External links
Museum website
Alicante
Museums in Alicante
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Alicante |
4026756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial%20Assembly%20of%20Wallis%20and%20Futuna | Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna | The Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (French: Assemblée Territoriale; Wallisian and Futunan: Fono fakatelituale) is the legislature of Wallis and Futuna. It consists of 20 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies. The Assembly sits in Mata Utu, the capital of the territory.
History
The Assembly was established by article 11 of the 1961 statute which established Wallis and Futuna as an overseas territory.
Elections
The territorial assembly consists of 20 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies. ʻUvea has 13 seats — 6 for the Mua District, 4 for the Hahake District, and 3 for the Hihifo District. Futuna has 7 seats, 4 for the Alo District and 3 for Sigave. The electoral system uses a closed list, with voters voting for a single party. The seats are distributed in each constituency using the highest averages method.
Latest election
Powers and procedures
The powers and competencies of the assembly are a modified version of those originally granted to the Congress of New Caledonia. It meets twice a year with an administrative session in the middle of the year and a budgetary session at the end of the year, for a maximum duration of 45 days each. Extraordinary sessions, not exceeding 15 days, can also take place. Debates can take place in French, Wallisian or Futunian. Interpreters are present and the reports can be written in the three languages.
Presidents of the Territorial Assembly
The assembly is headed by a president elected every year by its members after the opening of the budgetary session.
References
External links
Official website
Government of Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna
Legislatures of Overseas France
Organizations based in Wallis and Futuna |
4026763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toby%20Gad | Toby Gad | Tobias "Toby" Gad (born 28 March 1968) is a Los Angeles-based German music producer/songwriter, best known for co-writing John Legend's biggest hit, "All of Me," the fifth-highest certified single in RIAA history, and for co-writing and producing "Big Girls Don't Cry" by Fergie and "If I Were a Boy" by Beyoncé. Other notable works include "Skyscraper" for Demi Lovato, "Who You Are" for Jessie J, "Untouched" for The Veronicas, "A Year Without Rain" for Selena Gomez & the Scene, "Don't Hold Your Breath" for Nicole Scherzinger, "Love You More" for JLS, and "I Do" for Colbie Caillat.
In the third quarter of 2014, Gad was ranked the #3 songwriter in America by Billboard, behind Ryan Tedder and Pharrell Williams.
Biography
Childhood and early musical experience
Born into a musical family in Munich in 1968, Gad was influenced by both parents who were established figures in the Munich music scene with their group, The Jazz Kids. His Danish father is a clarinet player and a pilot. His German mother is a psychotherapist and composer/pianist who tours the UK and Europe with Brian Carrick's jazz band, the Algiers Stompers.
Gad was expected to study banjo and join the Jazz Kids, but he took to playing the piano instead. At age 7, he and his brother Jens had formed their own band, the Gad Rollers, and played original rock'n'roll compositions during intermissions of their parents' gigs.
Early career successes
Although too young to get into most clubs at age 13, Toby and Jens were no strangers to the live music scene in Munich. Weekly gigs in bars, concerts in open-air summer festivals and shows in legendary live clubs such as the Domicile spread the word, and Munich hit producer Tony Monn showed interest in the brothers. Monn handed over his state-of-the-art recording studio to Toby and Jens whenever he was out of town. Monn's generosity provided a learning environment for Toby and Jens to delve into songwriting and producing.
In 1986, when Frank Farian, a multi-platinum German producer (No Mercy, Boney M, Milli Vanilli) was looking for new talent, a mutual friend turned him on to the Gad brothers' material. The next day, the boys flew to Frankfurt and thus started a seven-year collaboration with Farian. One week later, they found three of their songs on Milli Vanilli's debut album, which later went multi-platinum.
Farian produced Toby and Jens' first album Q' as artists', which was followed by a live tour. Funk legend George Clinton would later hear the record and invited Toby and Jens to perform two songs on stage with his P-funk band.
Commercial breakthrough
In 1990, Toby Gad met Mauritian singer Jacqueline Nemorin. This became the beginning of a 10-year collaboration between the two. Together with Farian, Gad produced Nemorin's first album The Creole Dance on BMG.
In 1994, Gad signed on with manager Klaus Frers (Daydream Music Supervizing) and produced Nemorin's second album for EMI Europe. It was also Frers who moved the duo into music production for dozens of successful TV shows, commercials and movie soundtracks. Gad and Nemorin wrote and produced the title-song for the movie Neverending Story III, the music for two popular daily TV talk-shows that stayed on air for four years, and the single "The Magic of the Fall", which went on to win the BDA Gold Award in L.A. for best TV trailer concept. In 1998, Gad was hired by Spanish producer Rafael Perez to work on Enrique Iglesias' third album. That same year, Gad signed a deal with Joost Van Os, former head of Polygram.
Move to New York City
Following much success in his home country, Gad relocated to New York City, opening Strawberrybee studio in Midtown Manhattan. The album title song and hit single "Unspoken" of Christian platinum artist Jaci Velasquez, written by Gad, Madeline Stone and O.Hatch, managed to stay half a year in the Christian Billboard top 20 single charts and was re-released on the Billboard #2 album, WOW Greatest Hits 2004.
Meanwhile, Gad had several successes back overseas. "Damn I Think I Love You" stayed at #1 for seven weeks and became the most sold single of 2001 in the Netherlands. The #1 StarMaker album with two of Gad's songs went triple platinum. Sita's debut single "Happy" was at #1 for two weeks and remained in the top five for two months. The song was also released in the US on the Wild Thornberries soundtrack, followed by the #1 album of Sita.
Success in America
After 3 years in New York without any success, Gad was given the chance to work with MTV host Willa Ford. Their single "A Toast to Men" became a #40 radio single, appearing in the hit movie Barbershop 2.
Gad, with David and William Derella from DAS, worked out a co-publishing deal with Cherrylane Music Publishing and record deals for several of Gad's artists. In August 2005, Interscope Records released Texan teen Kaci Brown's album Instigator, entirely developed, produced and co-written by Gad. R&B group Fatty Koo has an album on Columbia Records on which every song is produced and co-written by Toby. He produced and co-wrote songs on the album of the Australian twins The Veronicas, who scored the biggest US newcomer record deal of the year on Warner Bros. Records/Sire Records and went double platinum in Australia.
Meleni and Gad co-wrote the song "Drop It On Me" on Ricky Martin's 2005 album Life. Another artist that Toby developed for years, Lola, released her single "No Strings" on Warner Bros. Records/Sobe, which spent 4 months on the Billboard Dance charts, peaking at #2.
In 2006, Gad opened a second studio with five interns, expanding his production company Strawberrybee Music and his publishing company, Gad Songs. Gad produced the entire Blue Note Records album of Elizabeth Withers, who starred in the Broadway musical The Color Purple, and contributed a song on Fergie's platinum-selling album The Dutchess. He also collaborated with then 13-year-old Emmy nominated actress/singer Keke Palmer on her 2007 debut album on Atlantic Records and produced a song for the second season of hit Disney sitcom Hannah Montana.
As an innovative producer and songwriter, Gad has been interviewed multiple times about how he writes and how he records and mixes using Logic Pro. He has been featured in Mix Magazine, the Recording Mag, Pro Sound and more.
In 2008, Gad and Fergie's "Big Girls Don't Cry" was Grammy nominated for Best Female Vocal Performance and won ASCAP 'Song of the Year'. The song twice broke the record for most airplay on US radio and spent a total of 21 weeks in various Billboard US charts at #1, including one week #1 on the Billboard Hot 100. Over 87 worldwide compilation albums feature the song. Gad scored his second worldwide #1 hit with Beyoncé's "If I Were a Boy", which Gad produced and co-wrote. "If I Were A Boy" reached #1 in nine countries and hit top-ten in over 20 countries around the world. Gad's third platinum number one hit was the indie-electro pop anthem "Untouched" by Aussie duo The Veronicas. The song sold platinum in the US and reached #1 in Ireland and Mexico.
Move to Los Angeles
In summer 2009, Gad relocated his recording studio to Los Angeles. The new studio, located in the Hollywood Hills, features several music production rooms and a video editing room. In Los Angeles, Gad continued collaborating with stars such as American Idol finalists Kris Allen, Allison Iraheta and Jessica Sanchez.
In 2009, Gad also launched his own record label, Kite Records, which is a collaboration between himself, David Sonenberg/DAS Management, and Island Def Jam Music Group as well as Gad Films which features exclusive behind the scenes footage of Gad working in the studio with stars such as Miley Cyrus and The Veronicas. In 2011, Gad co-wrote "All of Me" for John Legend, which, after three years of dormancy made its way to #1 on the Top 100 for three weeks and was certified 14 times platinum, making it the highest certified track in RIAA history (tied with "Despacito").
In 2014, Gad co-wrote 11 songs with Madonna for her album Rebel Heart, producing four of the songs.
In 2015, Gad executive produced and co-wrote much of Leona Lewis' fifth studio album, I Am. He co-wrote and produced Prince Royce's "Lucky One" on Double Vision, co-wrote John Newman's "I'm Not Your Man" from Revolve, and co-wrote and produced "First Heartbreak" for Grammy-nominated artist Tori Kelly's Unbreakable Smile. Gad also produced and co-wrote the international charity single "Love Song to the Earth" which featured a long list of popular artists, including Paul McCartney, Fergie, Jon Bon Jovi, Sheryl Crow, Sean Paul, Nicole Scherzinger, and more. He also produced the 2015 album of Chloe Temtchine, Be Brave, which was described by the New York Post as "a moving collection of pop songs that document her struggle for survival, but also her recovery."
Single peak positions
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Entries
The following singles written and/or produced by Toby Gad charted on the Billboard Hot 100:
All Time Hits
The following singles appear on the US Billboard Year-End or All-Time Hits charts:
UK single peaks
The following singles charted inside the top 40 of the UK Download or UK Singles Chart:
"If I Were a Boy" by Beyonce - #1 (2008)
"Don't Hold Your Breath" by Nicole Scherzinger - #1 (2011)
"Big Girls Don't Cry" by Fergie - #2 (2007)
"All of Me" by John Legend - #2 (2013)
"Skyscraper" by Sam Bailey - #1 (2013)
"Love You More" by JLS - #1 (2010)
"Skyscraper" by Demi Lovato - #17 (2011)
"Who You Are" by Jessie J - #8 (2011)
"Untouched" by The Veronicas - #8 (2007)
"Living for Love" by Madonna - #26 (2014)
"Up" by James Morrison & Jessie J - #30 (2011)
"Fire Under My Feet" by Leona Lewis - #26 (2015)
RIAA certifications
Discography
References
External links
Profile, discogs.com
Profile, atlasmusicgroup.com
Profile, idolator.com
Profile, complex.com
Profile, ascap.com
Profile, observer.com
Speaker, ascap2012.sched.org
Atlantic Music Signs Grammy Award winner Toby Gad, broadwayworld.com
Toby Gad discography, board.thenext2shine.com
Toby Gad with new top releases, bmg.com
Toby Gad/John Legend interview, songwriteruniverse.com
Living people
1968 births
German songwriters
German emigrants to the United States
Musicians from Munich |
4026775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Powell | Mark Powell | Mark Powell may refer to:
Mark Powell (clothing designer) (born 1960), British fashion designer
Mark Powell (photographer) (born 1968), American photographer
Mark Powell (footballer) (born 1984), Australian footballer
Mark Powell (cricketer, born 1972), former English cricketer
Mark Powell (cricketer, born 1980), English cricketer for Northamptonshire, 2000–2004
Mark Powell (novelist) (born 1976), American novelist
Mark Allan Powell (born 1953), professor of theology |
4026777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O.%20Mustad%20%26%20Son | O. Mustad & Son | Mustad Fishing (O. Mustad & Søn A.S.) is a Norwegian company that manufactures and sells fishing tackle and accessories since 1877. The Mustad product range includes fish hooks, multifilament and monofilament fishing lines, fishing lures, fishing flies, fly hooks, terminal tackle and fishing apparel. The corporate headquarters are in Gjøvik, Norway.
Mustad Fishing Today
Mustad has expanded from their core business of manufacturing hooks and terminal tackle to a varied range of other fishing accessories.
Sales offices have been established in Miami, FL (USA), Singapore and Wuxi (China), and has production facilities in Norway, China, Singapore, Portugal, and Malaysia. Mustad's products are present in more than 160 countries.
The company was run by the 6th generation Mustad until the end of 2011, when Mustad was sold to the Norwegian-based investment company, NLI Utvikling (now ARD Group AS). In 2017, a majority of shares were then sold to Verdane Capital, another investment company.
History
Mustad can trace its roots back to 1832 in Vardal. Hans Schikkelstad (1789–1843), a farmer, established the factory "Brusveen Spiger- og Staltradfabrikk" for the production of nails, steel wire and various metal products. Later, Skikkelstad's son-in-law Ole Hovelsen Mustad (1810–84), took over the company with his son Hans Mustad (1837–1918) and changed its name to "O. Mustad" and later "O. Mustad & Søn". The company was headquartered in the small village of Gjøvik (Norway), an area with poor infrastructures where transportation was an obstacle to most type of supplies.
Growing to other markets
In spite of the negative conditions and the pessimistic visions of the Norwegian Department of Interior ("The difficulty in competing with foreign factories means that industry will never succeed in this country"), by 1860 Ole Mustad led his company to a primary position in the production of small metal products like fencing wire, nails, pins, fish hooks, horseshoe nails, shipbuilding nails, paper clips, thumb tacks and a series of other metallic wire-based products.
Over the years, Mustad was a crucial part of Gjøvik and the region as a large number of the population was involved with the company and its many products. In addition to products made of metal wire, Mustad tested the waters of many other markets. Ovens and waffle presses were in production for many years and are still found today. For over 100 years, Mustad also competed in the butter industry in Norway.
Finding focus
A key to the company's success was the efforts made by Mathias Topp, a carpenter turned inventor who designed and created a machine to create hooks automatically and quickly. His first successful machine produced hooks efficiently and quicker than ever before. Feeding wire into the machine led to a cut, bent, barbed, and pointed hook. Knowing the importance of this invention to the company, Topp and the Mustad family worked to keep the secret by, instead of ordering a patent, restricting workers from getting near the machines and signing non-disclosure agreements. By refining and industrializing the manual production of fish hooks in 1877, the company managed to become a global market leader in just a few years.
The Core of Gjøvik
The growth and successes of the 1870s were followed by recession, mirroring the overall European crisis. The stagnation of the building activities resulted in a decreasing demand for nails. Hans Mustad, who had taken the management over, experienced a very critical time which brought him to the suspension of all payments in 1879. Fear took hold of creditors and employees, as so many other companies had gone bankrupt in the same period. Employees continued working without payment for 2 years. They received "Mustad banknotes" instead: the notes acted as written acknowledgments from Mustad and were accepted by shops in Gjøvik. The whole debt including interests was paid back by July 1882 and all creditors got their check.
Since then, the company assumed wider responsibilities over employees and their families: children were provided schools and several recreational and welfare activities were offered. Hans Mustad's social disposition attracted attention of the press that started visiting the factory premises and its schools, band, choir, library and shop.
Wars
These years were also crucial for the international development of the company. The obstacles at the time were mainly protectionism and tariffs:
the decision was taken to start production within the international markets with the biggest potential. A nail factory was established in Finland in 1886, shortly followed by horseshoe nail factories in France (Duclair, 1891) and Sweden (Dalsland, 1898). Just before World War I, Europe consisted of five great powers (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia), plus another two nations were large consumers of horseshoe nails (Italy and Spain). In 1913 Mustad was established in all of them with the exception of Russia. Localisation criteria for the plants were mainly the access to energy, raw materials and transportation.
The decentralized strategic approach proved very effective for Mustad when - after World War II - the company lost all its factories behind the iron curtain, including about 8,000 employees. The independent structures survived the war and grew rapidly to new successes.
In the second half of the 20th century Mustad has increasingly diversified its interests into many different businesses, mostly based upon metallic wire, but also expanding into food and machinery: paper clips (of which Mustad turned out 70 million pieces a year), mattress springs, zippers, screws, margarine (which was produced for over 100 years and discontinued only in 1996), machines for the paper industry and for the manufacturing of boxes.
Family ownership
After Hans Schikkelstad started the business, it was his son-in-law Ole Mustad who took over upon his death. With the help of his son Hans, Ole grew the business beyond nails and wire. From 1874 to the death of Ole, The two were co-owners of O. Mustad & Søn. Ole Mustad died in 1884, leaving his son as the single owner. Hans' five sons became co-owners in 1905. These were Ole Mustad Jr. (1870–1954), Hans Clarin Hovind Mustad (1871–1948), Halfdan Magnus Mustad (1874–1967), Wilhelm Martin Christie Mustad (1877–1961) and Nicolai Christian Mustad (1878–1970).
References
Manufacturing companies of Norway
Manufacturing companies established in 1832
Companies based in Oppland
Fishing equipment manufacturers |
4026812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Philippe%20Fleurian | Jean-Philippe Fleurian | Jean-Philippe Fleurian (born 11 September 1965) is a former tennis player from France, who turned professional in 1985. In his career, he won one doubles title (1996, Marseille). The right-hander reached his highest ranking on the ATP Tour on 30 April 1990, when he became world No. 37. He now is retired and has two daughters.
Fleurian is today a member of the 'Champions for Peace' club, a group of 70 famous elite athletes committed to serving peace in the world through sport, created by Peace and Sport, a Monaco-based international organization.
Career finals
Doubles: 1 title
External links
French male tennis players
Hopman Cup competitors
Living people
Tennis players from Paris
1965 births |
4026813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Stratton | Solomon Stratton | Solomon Stratton (1745-1818) was an American soldier and explorer born in Amherst County, Virginia. He was a veteran of the Revolutionary War and George Rogers Clark's 1778 expedition to Illinois in which Fort Kaskaskia was captured from the British. After learning of the purpose and destination of the Clark's expedition, many of the Virginia recruits from west of the Alleghany mountains objected and returned to their homes. Stratton, along with a few other fellow Virginians, reasserted their commitments to Clark in the face of their neighbors' cowardice, and stayed through the completion of the expedition. In 1788, Solomon, accompanied by his sons, explored the Southern Appalachian region and in 1796 established one of the first settlements in what is now Eastern Kentucky. In 1797 he helped to found the city of Prestonsburg, Kentucky. He died in 1818 near present-day Stanville, Kentucky and was buried in an unmarked grave near the Big Sandy River.
References
Kentucky Historical Society (Marker number: 690)
1745 births
1818 deaths
Kentucky militiamen in the American Revolution |
4026838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelphailurus | Adelphailurus | Adelphailurus is an extinct genus of saber-toothed cats of the family Felidae and tribe Metailurini which inhabited western North America during the Miocene, living from 10.3 to 5.33 Ma and existing for approximately .
Taxonomy
Adelphailurus was named by Hibbard (1934). Its type is Adelphailurus kansensis. It was assigned to Felidae by Hibbard (1934) and Carroll (1988); and to Machairodontinae by Martin (1998).
Morphology
It was a cougar-sized animal and may have had habits similar to those of a cougar. Its body had the same shape as a cougar except for a long and compressed upper canine. This would place this cat into the "false-sabertooth" group. Apart from that Adelphailurus had a retained upper second premolar, which is unusual for a cat.
References
External links
Metailurini
Miocene felids
Miocene mammals of North America
Prehistoric carnivoran genera |
4026839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Grandi | Thomas Grandi | Thomas Grandi (born 27 December 1972 in Bolzano, Italy) is a Canadian retired alpine skier. He specialized in technical skiing giant slalom and slalom.
Skiing career
Grandi started in the Alpine Skiing World Cup in the 1992-93 season. His first top ten finish in the World Cup came in December 1996 where he finished in 10th position in the Giant Slalom in Alta Badia, Italy. In the 1997-98 World Cup season, he had his first top three finish when he finished in third place in a Giant Slalom race in Park City.
Grandi's first wins in the World Cup both came in December 2004, when he won Giant Slaloms in Alta Badia and Flachau. The victory at Alta Badia made Grandi the first Canadian male skier to win a World Cup technical race.
He participated at the 2002 Winter Olympics, finishing 12th place in the Giant Slalom and 16th place in the slalom. He also participated in the 2006 Winter Olympics.
Following the 2006 Olympic Winter Games, Grandi posted three successive top three finishes in World Cup slalom, moving his career total to 9 World Cup podiums, ranking 3rd amongst Canadian men.
In March 2007 after a 14-year career with the Canadian ski team to spend more time with family. In July 2008, Grandi announced his return to competitive skiing as he hopes to earn a podium finish at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. On March 16, 2009, Grandi decided his commitment to his family outweighed his desire to continue his competitive skiing career and announced his retirement once and for all.
Personal life
Grandi's wife is Canadian cross-country skier Sara Renner, who captured the silver medal in Turin 2006 Olympics in the team sprint with Beckie Scott. Together they now own a popular Boutique Hotel in Canmore, Alberta, the Paintbox Lodge.
World cup victories
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bolzano
Olympic alpine skiers of Canada
Canadian male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Italian emigrants to Canada |
4026847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20signs%20in%20Sweden | Road signs in Sweden | Road signs in Sweden are regulated in Vägmärkesförordningen, VMF (2007:90), and are to be placed 2 metres from the road with the sign 1.6 m from the base for motorized roads. Except for route numbers, there are a maximum of three signs on a pole, with the most important sign at the top. All signs have a reflective layer added on selected parts of the sign as is custom in European countries; most larger signs also have their own illumination.
Most signs are based on pictograms, with some exceptions like the prohibition-sign for stop at customs and signal and speed limit signs.
If the sign includes text, the text is written in Swedish, except the stop sign, which is written in English ("STOP").
Swedish road signs depict people with realistic (as opposed to stylized) silhouettes.
Major differences between Swedish and general European signs
Like other countries in Europe, Swedish signs follow the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.
Whereas European signs usually have white background on warning and prohibition signs, the Swedish signs have a yellow/orange colour. This is for the purpose of enhancing the visibility of the sign during the winter, as white signs would be hard to see in the snow. The prohibition signs have a red line across them if there is a symbol on them, not if it is a numeric value. General European prohibition signs do not usually have such a red line. Swedish warning and prohibition signs also have a thicker border than their European counterparts. Traffic signs in Slovenia and Finland are quite similar.
History
Around 1930 some warning signs and prohibitory signs looking like today's signs with yellow background were introduced. The direction indication signs were however yellow with black text. Around 1965, there was a reform where the colour of those were changed to dark blue with white text. Around 1980, Sweden followed the Vienna convention rule that motorways should have a different colour, so green was introduced for them, and medium blue for ordinary roads.
Private road direction sign
The reason there is a sign indicating private road, is because they are not strictly private. A private road is a road that is not maintained by the state or municipality, but by a private person or association. An owner of a private road in Sweden can prohibit cars (but not people) from using the road. But if the state pays support for the maintenance, cars can't be prohibited. This is mostly the case if several families live along the road. Then they must form an association for it. The Swedish word for this kind of road is "enskild", that can be both translated to "private" and "individual". The background of the sign is yellow, indicating that the quality is often less good, and warning signs might be missing. Signs indicating roads owned by companies or leading to companies usually have white background instead.
Warning signs
Warning signs are triangular and have red borders, but in contrast with those of most other countries that use triangular warning signs, Swedish signs have yellow backgrounds, rather than white. More types of warning signs for animals are used than in most European countries, such as moose, deer, wild boar, reindeer, sheep, horse, and cow appearing alongside roads.
Animals
Priority signs
The pedestrian and bicycle crossing signs are priority signs in Sweden, whereas the pedestrian crossing sign is regarded as a special regulation sign in the Vienna convention on road signs and signals. A sign for bicycle crossing is not yet implemented in the Vienna convention.
Prohibitory signs
Prohibitory signs are round with yellow backgrounds and red borders, except the international standard stop sign that is an octagon with red background and white border and the no parking and no standing signs that have a blue background instead of yellow.
Stop at customs
The sign "Stop at customs" ("Stopp vid tull") is multilingual and exists in four variants.
Mandatory signs
Mandatory signs are always round blue signs with white border.
Special regulation signs
Signs giving information
Other signs
Additional panels
A Supreme Court case has clarified that if there are multiple individually framed additional panels for a road sign, they add information to the road sign, not to each other. The two panels in the case was Avgift (fee) and the other 4 hours 9-18, which means that there is mandatory fee anytime and maximum 4 hours 9 am-6pm.
Traffic light signals
Note: tip-down triangles indicates blinking/flashing light.
Road markings
Signals by police officers
Retired signs
References
External links
Swedish Transport Agency
Sweden
Signs
Traffic signals
Driving in Sweden |
4026856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokei | Jokei | Jokei and Jōkei may refer to several Japanese individuals:
Jōkei (monk) (1155–1212), a monk of the Hossō school of Buddhism during the Kamakura period
Jōkei (sculptor) (late 11th century), a member of the Kei school of sculpture during the Kamakura period
Sumiyoshi Jokei (1599–1670), a painter of the Edo period
It may also refer to a visual novel, or the anime based upon the visual novel:
Jōkei (visual novel), an eroge by Silky's, distributed by ELF Corporation |
4026867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian%20Vincenzo%20Pinelli | Gian Vincenzo Pinelli | Gian Vincenzo Pinelli (1535 – 31 August 1601) was an Italian humanist, born in Naples and known as a savant and a mentor of Galileo. His literary correspondence put him at the center of a European network of virtuosi. He was also a noted botanist, bibliophile and collector of scientific instruments.
He died in Padua, where he is commemorated by Vincenzo Pinelli, and by the Aroid genus Pinellia.
Collector
His enormous library was probably the greatest in 16th-century Italy, consisting of around 8,500 printed works at the moment of his death, plus hundreds of manuscripts. When he died, in 1601, Nicolas Fabri de Peiresc was in his house and spent some of the following months studying his library and taking notes from its catalogues. Pinelli's secretary, Paolo Gualdo, wrote and published (1607) a biography of Pinelli which is also the portrait of the perfect scholar and book-collector.
His collection of manuscripts, when it was purchased from his estate in 1608 for the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, filled 70 cases. Pinelli stood out among the early bibliophile collectors who established scientific bases for the methodically assembled private library, aided by the comparatively new figure—in the European world— of the bookseller.
His love of books and manuscripts, and his interest in optics, labored under a disability: a childhood mishap had destroyed the vision of one eye, forcing him to protect his weak vision with green-tinted lenses. Cautious and withdrawn by nature, detesting travel whether by road or canal boat, wracked by the gallstones that eventually killed him, he found solace in the library he amassed over a period of fifty years (Nuovo 2003).
Leonardo's treatise on painting, Trattato della Pittura, was transcribed in the Codex Pinellianus ca. 1585, perhaps expressly for Pinelli who made annotations in it. Pinelli's codex was the source for the Barberini codex from which it was eventually printed, ostensibly edited by Raphael du Fresne, in 1651 . Pinelli's interest in the new science of optics was formative for Galileo Galilei, for whom Pinelli opened his library in the 1590s, where Galileo read the unpublished manuscripts, consisting of lecture notes and drafts of essays on optics, of Ettore Ausonio, a Venetian mathematician and physician, and of Giuseppe Moleto, professor of mathematics at Padua (Dupre).
Beside his Greek and Latin libraries of manuscripts his collection included the original Arabic manuscript from which was translated and printed the Descrizione dell'Africa of Leo Africanus.
Other interests
He was among Europe's early botanists, and also collected mathematical instruments. He had taken musical instruction from the great madrigalist Philippe de Monte, with whom he continued a correspondence. He kept his amanuensis Camillus Venetus (Zanettus) busy.
In the field of botany, he collected herbs in his garden and corresponded with the father of Italian botany, Luca Ghini, who pioneered the techniques of drying and pressing plant material for a herbarium and whose papers he transcribed after Ghini's death, while the botanists who would be considered Ghini's heirs, like Andrea Mattioli and Ulisse Aldrovandi, clamored for them.
Pinelli's voluminous correspondence with the French humanist and book collector Claude Dupuy was published in 2001.
References
Paolo Gualdo, Vita Ioannis Vincentii Pinelli, Patricii Genuensis. In qua studiosis bonarum artium, proponitur typus viri probi et eruditi. Autore Paulo Gualdo, Augustae Vindelicorum, Ad Insigne Pinus (=Markus Welser) (excudit Christophorus Mangus), cum privilegio Caes. Perpetuo, 1607
Adolfo Rivolta, Catalogo dei codici Pinelliani dell'Ambrosiana, Milano 1933
Raugei Anna Maria, (editor) 2001. (Florence:Olschki)
Angela Nuovo, 2003. "Introduzione al catalogo di bibliografie"
Angela Nuovo, A proposito del carteggio Pinelli-Dupuy, «Bibliotheca. Rivista di studi bibliografici» 2002/2, p. 96-115
Angela Nuovo, Testimoni postumi. La biblioteca di Gian Vincenzo Pinelli tra le carte di Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, in L'organizzazione del sapere. Studi in onore di Alfredo Serrai, a cura di Maria Teresa Biagetti, Milano, Ed. Bonnard, 2005, pp. 317–334
Angela Nuovo, Gian Vincenzo Pinelli's collection of catalogues of private libraries in sixteenth-century Europe, «Gutenberg-Jahrbuch» 2007, p. 129-144
Angela Nuovo, The Creation and Dispersal of the Library of Gian Vincenzo Pinelli, in Books on the Move: tracking copies through collections and the book trade, ed. by Giles Mandelbrote (et al.). New Castle, Delaware and London, UK Oak Knoll Press and The British Library, 2007, p. 39-68
Grendler, M. 1980. "A Greek Collection in Padua: The Library of Gian Vincenzo Pinelli" Renaissance Quarterly 33: 386-416.
—— 1981. "Book-collecting in Counter-Reformation Italy: the library of Gian Vincenzo Pinelli, 1535-1601", Journal of Library History, 16: 143-151
Sven Dupre, 2000. "Galileo, Optics and the Pinelli Circle" History of Science Society meeting, Vancouver (Abstract)
1535 births
1601 deaths
Italian Renaissance humanists
Writers from Padua
16th-century Italian botanists
Italian bibliophiles
Book and manuscript collectors
16th-century Italian scientists |
4026883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Escud%C3%A9 | Nicolas Escudé | Nicolas Jean-Christophe Escudé (born 3 April 1976) is a former professional tennis player from France, who turned professional in 1995. He won four singles titles and two doubles titles during his career.
Escudé is best remembered for the vital role he played in the 2001 Davis Cup final against Australia on the grass-courts of Melbourne. Escudé beat the recently crowned World No. 1, Lleyton Hewitt in the first rubber with a win in five sets, repeating what he did to Hewitt earlier that year in the fourth round of Wimbledon. Two days later, Escudé won the decisive fifth rubber for France against Wayne Arthurs in four sets.
The right-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on 26 June 2000, when he became World No. 17. He's a natural left-hander who was trained since a child to play right-handed but does everything else lefty. His brother Julien Escudé is a professional football player.
Escudé teamed up with Roger Federer in the men's doubles at the French Open in 2000. However they were knocked out by Sébastien Lareau and Daniel Nestor.
In 2006, he announced his immediate retirement from the sport due to a persistent shoulder injury that had been keeping him out of the professional tennis circuit for the past 22 months.
Escudé was the captain of the France Fed Cup team from 2009 to 2012 and is now the co-coach of Nicolas Mahut since the 2013 season with Thierry Ascione and since 2014 of Jo-Wilfried Tsonga.
Career finals
Singles (4 wins, 2 losses)
Doubles (2 wins)
Singles performance timeline
Top 10 wins
External links
Bio – file with Nicolas Escude
1976 births
Living people
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
French male tennis players
French tennis coaches
Olympic tennis players of France
People from Chartres
Sportspeople from Geneva
Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Eure-et-Loir |
4026896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCL | RCL | RCL may refer to:
Radial collateral ligament, one of three ligaments in the upper limb on the side of the radius bone:
Radial collateral ligament of elbow joint
Radial collateral ligament of thumb
Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint
Ramped Cargo Lighter, Canadian built landing craft of WW2
Ramped Craft Logistic, Landing craft operated by the Royal Logistic Corps of the British Army
Ramsey County Library, Minnesota, United States
RC Lens (Racing Club de Lens), a French Ligue 2 football team
Recoilless rifle
Reliance Capital Limited, an Indian financial services company
Revised Common Lectionary,in Christianity, a set of readings
Revolutionary Communist League (disambiguation), various political parties
RLC circuit, an electrical circuit with resistor, inductor, and capacitor, sometimes referred to as an RCL circuit
Robot Combat League, TV show of robot fighting competitions
Royal Canadian Legion, an ex-servicemen's organisation
Royal Caribbean Group (NYSE ticker code RCL), a holding company owning cruise lines
Rugby Club Luxembourg, a rugby union club in Luxembourg City |
4026900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20A.%20Patten | James A. Patten | James A. Patten (1852–1928) was an American commodities speculator, financier, and politician. The mayor of Evanston from 1901 to 1905, Patten is best remembered as a leading financier of the Gilded Age.
Biography
James A. Patten was born at Freeland Corners, Illinois He attended the common schools and was early a clerk, a farmer, and an employee in the Illinois State department of grain inspection (1874–78), whence he learned the details and operation of the grain commission business. For 32 years from 1878 to 1910 he was a member of several firms.
Patten was the mayor of Evanston from 1901 to 1905. He was prominently before the public in connection with an attempt to corner the wheat crop in 1909. It was alleged that Patten himself secured control of more than 23,000,000 bushels of wheat, and that these holdings, together with those of his associates, were sufficient to force the price of wheat and flour up, while he gained enormous profits. He also operated his business in Liverpool where in 1911 on a trip to the Manchester Exchange his appearance caused a riot.
In addition to being mayor of Evanston, Illinois, Patten was also a trustee of Northwestern University where he donated funds to build the original Patten Gymnasium. The architect of the gym was George Maher who had designed Patten's house in Evanston.
Patten died in 1928.
See also
George Washington Maher —architect of the Patten House and the original Patten Gymnasium.
Footnotes
1852 births
1928 deaths
Businesspeople from Evanston, Illinois
Mayors of places in Illinois |
4026902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20River%2C%20Ontario | South River, Ontario | South River is a village on Highway 124 near Algonquin Park in the Almaguin Highlands region of Parry Sound District of Ontario, Canada. It is about halfway between North Bay and Huntsville or a 3-hour drive (300 km) north from Toronto. South River has access to the Algonquin Park for canoeists at Kawawaymog (Round Lake). South River is home of Mikisew Provincial Park on the shores of Eagle Lake.
Transportation
The major form of transportation in South River is motorized vehicles. Highway 11 formerly passed through the town. Highway 11 was re-routed when it was upgraded to a closed-access highway and now passes west of the town, with an overpass over Eagle Lake Road. Construction for the bypass started in 2007 and was completed about 2011.
South River is served by the South River-Sundridge District Airport, which is a small airport about three miles from the town.
The South River railway station was served by the Northlander six days per week until autumn 2012. Currently, South River is served by the Ontario Northland bus and the privately-owned Northern Airport Passenger Service shuttle.
History
Logging in the area began in the 1860s, but it was not until 1881 when the first settlers, Robert Carter and his wife, arrived following the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway. Within a few years, they opened a general store and the new community, located on the eponymous South River, had hotels, a bank, a butcher shop, and jeweller. The river itself provided the power for a sawmill and grist mill, while also being used for log driving. In 1907, the village separated from Machar Township and was incorporated, with W.J. Ard as first reeve.
On Thanksgiving weekend of 1997, tragedy struck at the Hanson Homestead on Eagle Lake Road, when a lightning strike hit a group of eight working on the family maple syrup lines, and fatally injuring Dino Devalis. This strike was brought to light in the 2009 Canadian documentary Act of God by Jennifer Baichwal and featured an interview with Jean Ivens about the event.
Local Industry and activities
Cottagers are beginning to head north from Muskoka to more wilderness locations such as those found at Algonquin Moose Lodge in South River. Algonquin Moose Lodge is a resort that opened up in 2017. The lodge has accommodations for all types of budgets and varied accommodations such as a 3,200 square foot custom built log home, a smaller log home (that was original to the property) as well as some smaller cottages and even a tepee. This 32 acre resort is Algonquin's last frontier of unspoiled northern wilderness.
A colourful local landmark is the Algonquin Motel, which uses painted cabins and rooms to attract visitors. The motel has been in operation for about seventy years.
South River is the access point for another tourist attraction: dog sledding on the North Algonquin Dog Sled Trail. Park permits are required. Algonquin Park Canoe Trips out of South River are also available through Chocpaw, Northern Edge Algonquin, Northern Wilderness Trips, or Voyageur Quest Outfitting.
The Stewart Coughlin Riding Ranch provides horseback rides and riding instruction. A popular swimming spot is Eagle Lake Narrows, which is served by a general store that rents canoes. The Hockey Opportunity Camp, for boys and girls from 7 – 16 years old, is also on Eagle Lake.
The Swift Canoe and Kayak Factory has been in South River since 1989. It employs about twenty people. In the summer, Swift canoes are for sale next to the Tourist Information centre. There are many locations for freshwater fishing for smallmouth bass, whitefish, pickerel, rainbow trout, speckled trout, brook trout, lake trout, splake, ling perch and smelt.
There is a golf course, the Eagle Lake Golf and Country Club, which after decades as a nine-hole course, started expanding. It is currently a ten-hole course. An Indoor Golfer's Club is also available downtown.
The town has a public library. Artists Doreen Wood and Sue Nugent live in South River. Artist Margaret Cunningham is in Eagle Lake. In town, Renée's Café brings live music and concerts to South River.
South River has been home to a local microbrewery, South River Brewing Cimoany since 2009 The brewery has opened a larger facility in 2017 which will encourage tourism to the area, as well as hosting a Brewery Technician School that will teach technique to aspiring beer craftspeople.
Arts and crafts also attract tourism. One noticeable local enterprise is the studio of Groovy Glass Beads, where unique hand-made beads are made and sold. Ron Post makes handmade knives and sheaths. Other crafts are found at The Northern Crafter's Collective, Rustic Blessings, and the Bear Chair Company.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, South River had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Mother tongue:
English as first language: 95.3%
French as first language: 1.4%
English and French as first language: 0%
Other as first language: 3.3%
References
External links
Municipalities in Parry Sound District
Single-tier municipalities in Ontario
Villages in Ontario |
4026930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Pojman | Louis Pojman | Louis Paul Pojman ( April 22, 1935 – October 15, 2005) was an American philosopher and professor, whose name is most recognized as the author of dozens of philosophy texts and anthologies, which continue to be used widely for educational purposes, and more than one-hundred papers, which he read at some sixty universities around the world. Pojman was known for his work in applied ethics and philosophy of religion.
Writings
Louis Pojman was the author or editor of 34 books and 100 articles, including:
"The Logic of Subjectivity: Kierkegaard's Philosophy of Religion" (1984)
"Religious Belief and the Will" (1986)
"The Abortion Controversy" (2nd ed. 1998)
"Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong" (7th ed., 2012) [Co-author James Fieser]
"Global Environmental Ethics" (1999)
"Life and Death: Grappling with the Moral Dilemmas of Our Time" (2nd ed. 2000)
"Environmental Ethics: Readings in Theory and Application" (6th ed. 2011) [Co-author Paul Pojman (d. 2012)]
"The Moral Life: A Reader in Moral Philosophy" (5th ed. 2014) [Co-author Lewis Vaughn]
"Justice" (2006)
"Who Are We? Theories of Human Nature" (2006)
"How Should We Live? An Introduction to Ethics" (2005)
"Philosophy of Religion" (1998; re-issued in 2009)
"Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology" (6th ed., 2012) [Co-author Michael Rea]
"Philosophy: The Quest for Truth" (9th ed. 2014) [Co-author Lewis Vaughn]
"Philosophy: The Classics" (3rd ed. 2011) [Co-author Lewis Vaughn]
"Terrorism, Human rights, and The Case for World Government" (2006)
"Egoism and Altruism: A Critique of Ayn Rand" (2016)
See also
Moral absolutism
References
External links
www.louispojman.com Official website
1935 births
Nyack College alumni
Union Theological Seminary (New York City) alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
University of Mississippi faculty
Brigham Young University faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Philosophy academics
American Christian writers
Christian philosophers
2005 deaths
People from Cicero, Illinois
Moral philosophers
Philosophers of religion
20th-century American philosophers
Kant scholars |
4026941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBT | ISBT | ISBT can stand for:
International Society of Blood Transfusion
International Student Badminton Tournament (or International Solibad Badminton Tournament)
Inter State Bus Terminals in India |
4026957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel%20Roux | Lionel Roux | Lionel Roux (born 12 April 1973) is a former tennis player from France, who turned professional in 1991. He was French National Junior champion in 1991, but didn't win a tour-level title (singles or doubles) during his pro career. The right-hander reached his career-high singles ranking on the ATP Tour on 13 March 1995, when he became World No. 48. His best slam performance was reaching the 4th round of the 1998 Australian Open.
Roux has also made an appearance in the 2001 French comedy La Tour Montparnasse Infernale.
External links
1973 births
Living people
French male tennis players |
4026968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carath%C3%A9odory%27s%20extension%20theorem | Carathéodory's extension theorem | In measure theory, Carathéodory's extension theorem (named after the mathematician Constantin Carathéodory) states that any pre-measure defined on a given ring R of subsets of a given set Ω can be extended to a measure on the σ-algebra generated by R, and this extension is unique if the pre-measure is σ-finite. Consequently, any pre-measure on a ring containing all intervals of real numbers can be extended to the Borel algebra of the set of real numbers. This is an extremely powerful result of measure theory, and leads, for example, to the Lebesgue measure.
The theorem is also sometimes known as the Carathéodory-Fréchet extension theorem, the Carathéodory–Hopf extension theorem, the Hopf extension theorem and the Hahn–Kolmogorov extension theorem.
Introductory statement
Several very similar statements of the theorem can be given. A slightly more involved one, based on semi-rings of sets, is given further down below. A shorter, simpler statement is as follows. In this form, it is often called the Hahn–Kolmogorov theorem.
Let be an algebra of subsets of a set Consider a set function
which is finitely additive, meaning that
for any positive integer and disjoint sets in
Assume that this function satisfies the stronger sigma additivity assumption
for any disjoint family of elements of such that (Functions obeying these two properties are known as pre-measures.) Then,
extends to a measure defined on the -algebra generated by ; that is, there exists a measure
such that its restriction to coincides with
If is -finite, then the extension is unique.
Comments
This theorem is remarkable for it allows one to construct a measure by first defining it on a small algebra of sets, where its sigma additivity could be easy to verify, and then this theorem guarantees its extension to a sigma-algebra. The proof of this theorem is not trivial, since it requires extending from an algebra of sets to a potentially much bigger sigma-algebra, guaranteeing that the extension is unique (if is -finite), and moreover that it does not fail to satisfy the sigma-additivity of the original function.
Semi-ring and ring
Definitions
For a given set we call a family of subsets of a if it has the following properties:
For all we have (closed under pairwise intersections)
For all there exist disjoint sets such that (relative complements can be written as finite disjoint unions).
The first property can be replaced with since
With the same notation, we call a family of subsets of a if it has the following properties:
For all we have (closed under pairwise unions)
For all we have (closed under relative complements).
Thus, any ring on is also a semi-ring.
Sometimes, the following constraint is added in the measure theory context:
is the disjoint union of a countable family of sets in
A field of sets (respectively, a semi-field) is a ring (respectively, a semi-ring) that also contains as one of its elements.
Properties
Arbitrary (possibly uncountable) intersections of rings on are still rings on
If is a non-empty subset of the powerset of then we define the ring generated by (noted ) as the intersection of all rings containing It is straightforward to see that the ring generated by is the smallest ring containing
For a semi-ring the set of all finite unions of sets in is the ring generated by (One can show that is equal to the set of all finite disjoint unions of sets in ).
A content defined on a semi-ring can be extended on the ring generated by Such an extension is unique. The extended content can be written: for with the disjoint.
In addition, it can be proved that is a pre-measure if and only if the extended content is also a pre-measure, and that any pre-measure on that extends the pre-measure on is necessarily of this form.
Motivation
In measure theory, we are not interested in semi-rings and rings themselves, but rather in σ-algebras generated by them. The idea is that it is possible to build a pre-measure on a semi-ring (for example Stieltjes measures), which can then be extended to a pre-measure on which can finally be extended to a measure on a σ-algebra through Caratheodory's extension theorem. As σ-algebras generated by semi-rings and rings are the same, the difference does not really matter (in the measure theory context at least). Actually, Carathéodory's extension theorem can be slightly generalized by replacing ring by semi-field.
The definition of semi-ring may seem a bit convoluted, but the following example shows why it is useful (moreover it allows us to give an explicit representation of the smallest ring containing some semi-ring).
Example
Think about the subset of defined by the set of all half-open intervals for a and b reals. This is a semi-ring, but not a ring. Stieltjes measures are defined on intervals; the countable additivity on the semi-ring is not too difficult to prove because we only consider countable unions of intervals which are intervals themselves. Proving it for arbitrary countable unions of intervals is accomplished using Caratheodory's theorem.
Statement of the theorem
Let be a ring of sets on and let be a pre-measure on meaning that for all sets for which there exists a countable decomposition in disjoint sets we have
Let be the -algebra generated by The pre-measure condition is a necessary condition for to be the restriction to of a measure on The Carathéodory's extension theorem states that it is also sufficient, that is, there exists a measure such that is an extension of that is, Moreover, if is -finite then the extension is unique (and also -finite).
Proof sketch
First extend to an outer measure on the power set of by
and then restrict it to the set of -measurable sets (that is, Carathéodory-measurable sets), which is the set of all such that for every
It is a -algebra, and is -additive on it, by the Caratheodory lemma.
It remains to check that contains That is, to verify that every set in is -measurable. This is done by basic measure theory techniques of dividing and adding up sets.
For uniqueness, take any other extension so it remains to show that By -additivity, uniqueness can be reduced to the case where is finite, which will now be assumed.
Now we could concretely prove on by using the Borel hierarchy of and since at the base level, we can use well-ordered induction to reach the level of the level of
Examples of non-uniqueness of extension
There can be more than one extension of a pre-measure to the generated σ-algebra, if the pre-measure is not sigma-finite.
Via the counting measure
Take the algebra generated by all half-open intervals [a,b) on the real line, and give such intervals measure infinity if they are non-empty. The Carathéodory extension gives all non-empty sets measure infinity. Another extension is given by the counting measure.
Via rationals
This example is a more detailed variation of the above. The rational closed-open interval is any subset of of the form , where .
Let be and let be the algebra of all finite unions of rational closed-open intervals contained in . It is easy to prove that is, in fact, an algebra. It is also easy to see that the cardinal of every non-empty set in is .
Let be the counting set function () defined in .
It is clear that is finitely additive and -additive in . Since every non-empty set in is infinite, then, for every non-empty set ,
Now, let be the -algebra generated by . It is easy to see that is the Borel -algebra of subsets of , and both and are measures defined on and both are extensions of .
Via Fubini's theorem
Another example is closely related to the failure of some forms of Fubini's theorem for spaces that are not σ-finite.
Suppose that X is the unit interval with Lebesgue measure and Y is the unit interval with the discrete counting measure. Let the ring R be generated by products A×B where A is Lebesgue measurable and B is any subset, and give this set the measure μ(A)card(B). This has a very large number of different extensions to a measure; for example:
The measure of a subset is the sum of the measures of its horizontal sections. This is the smallest possible extension. Here the diagonal has measure 0.
The measure of a subset is where n(x) is the number of points of the subset with given x-coordinate. The diagonal has measure 1.
The Carathéodory extension, which is the largest possible extension. Any subset of finite measure is contained in some union of a countable number of horizontal lines. In particular the diagonal has measure infinity.
See also
Outer measure: the proof of Carathéodory's extension theorem is based upon the outer measure concept.
Loeb measures, constructed using Carathéodory's extension theorem.
References
Theorems in measure theory |
4026969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa%20Chamberfest | Ottawa Chamberfest | The Ottawa Chamberfest summer festival is a music festival held by Ottawa Chamberfest, also known as Chamberfest, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. This year's edition will be held between July 25 and August 8, 2019.
Artists
In 1994, the idea of a chamber music festival in Ottawa came to life to remedy the meager availability of live classical music during the summer months and fill the city’s churches with splendid sounds. Ottawa Chamberfest started life as the Ottawa International Chamber Music Festival with 22 concerts in two churches and was an immediate hit. Artistic and executive director Julian Armor wanted to increase the popularity of classical music among citizens. Growing steadily over the years, the 2011 edition of Ottawa Chamberfest presented almost 100 concerts, attracting over 80,000 listeners and is the largest chamber music festival of its kind in the world.
Roman Borys, the cellist of the Juno award-winning Gryphon Trio is the Artistic and Executive Director of Ottawa Chamberfest. His fellow trio members, violinist Annalee Patipatanakoon and pianist James Parker, are among the organization's artistic advisors.
Among those who performed in the 2011 edition of the festival were Jan Lisiecki, Isabel Bayrakdarian, Simone Dinnerstein, Marc-André Hamelin, Julie Nesrallah, Yehonatan Berick, National Arts Centre Orchestra, The Swingle Singers, Nexus (ensemble), Trio con Brio Copenhagen, New Zealand String Quartet, TorQ Percussion Quartet and more.
Past performers include Paul Merkelo, Patrick Wedd, Guy Fouquet, Musica Camerata, Stéphane Lemelin, the Borodin String Quartet, the Beaux Arts Trio, the Tokyo String Quartet, Martin Beaver, Penderecki Quartet, Paul Stewart, Martin Chalifour, Monica Whicher, Jennifer Swartz, and Gino Quilico, Quartango, Neil Gripp, Richard Raymond, the St. Lawrence Quartet, Mayumi Seiler, Keller Quartet, and Adaskin String Trio.
Music
Although the concerts are primarily traditional classical music, the scope has evolved to include music by pop and jazz composers and also music from non-European countries. The concerts of a typical day would have several different types of music. For Ottawa Chamberfest 2011, performances are divided into several Concert Series.
Chamber Chat - Lecture series.
Music at Noon - Music at lunch.
New Music Now - Show casing new and emerging artists.
Meet the Artist - Meet several performers up close and personal.
Bring the Kids - Free shows for children. Interactive and fun.
3PM Series - Afternoon shows
The Siskind Concerts - Nightly shows dedicated to Jacob Siskind, music critic and arts patron.
Market Soirées - Evening Shows with a focus on an intimate musical experience.
Alfresco Concerts and Guerilla Gigs - Free outdoor concerts at Rideau Hall and other undisclosed locations.
Late Night at the Kildare - Hosted by Saint Brigid's Church (Ottawa), a nightly series featuring a diverse set of performers.
Festival Gala Series - 3 high profile performances at Dominion-Chalmers United Church.
Venues
The concert venues are generally churches or cultural facilities in the heart of downtown Ottawa. The confirmed venues for Ottawa Chamberfest 2011 are:
Dominion-Chalmers United Church
Rideau Hall
Beechwood Cemetery
Saint Brigid's Church (Ottawa)
Anglican Church of St. John the Evangelist (Ottawa)
In previous years the University of Ottawa was also a regular venue. The Festival has also used, on occasion, Southam Hall in the National Arts Centre for special gala concerts.
Other activities
Apart from the annual summer festival, Ottawa Chamberfest also organizes activities throughout the year. The Concert Series takes place from fall to spring offering approximately ten concerts per season. CEE: Community Engagement and Education engages community members of all ages in a suite of free music experiences.
References
Citations
External links
Ottawa Chamberfest official website
Gryphon Trio
Music festivals established in 1994
Music festivals in Ottawa
Classical music festivals in Canada
Chamber music festivals |
4026978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNIO | WNIO | WNIO (1390 AM - branded 1390 The Gambler) — is an American radio station in Youngstown, Ohio, broadcasting at 1390 kHz with a sports talk radio format, serving as the Youngstown affiliate for Fox Sports Radio and the BetR Network. WNIO also carries Ohio State University football and basketball, Pittsburgh Pirates baseball, Cleveland Cavaliers basketball, Pittsburgh Steelers football, and the Indianapolis 500 from the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network.
History
The station was founded in 1939 as WFMJ by William F. Maag, Jr. from whose initials the call letters were derived. Maag was also publisher of The Youngstown Vindicator. It was originally at 1420 kHz, and moved to 1450 kHz during the NARBA frequency shift on March 29, 1941. It moved to its present location 1390 kHz during the mid-1940s. During the 1940s and early 1950s WFMJ was an affiliate of the Blue Network and its successor ABC.
In 1948, Maag launched WFMJ-FM at 105.1 MHz; the FM station is now WQXK. On March 8, 1953, Maag started Youngstown's second television station WFMJ-TV on channel 73. The television station moved to its present location, channel 21, on August 7, 1954.
The AM station changed its callsign to WHOT on April 23, 1990, when it was sold by its original owners to the owner of WHOT-FM, and it used the historic call sign from the former Top 40 AM station that originally broadcast daytime only on 1570 kHz and later full-time on 1330 kHz. Four years later, it was sold to Connoisseur Communications, and it changed to WRTK on February 15, 1995, assuming a talk radio format as "Real Talk 1390."
In order to obtain Justice Department approval to purchase WQXK (FM) and WSOM (AM), Connoisseur was forced to sell WRTK as well as WBBG (FM). The stations were sold on February 23, 1998 to a subsidiary of Bain Gocom, the Boston venture capital company that was a major investor in WKBN-TV's former parent company. In a few months, Jacor Communications entered into a LMA with Bain Gocom for all of their radio stations in Youngstown and New Castle, including WRTK and WBBG. Combined with Jacor's existing station holdings in the area - and a merger with Clear Channel months later - ten stations were under the same operational and management control in the New Castle/Youngstown region.
The station became WNIO on November 1, 1999, after Clear Channel relocated WNIO's adult standards format and callsign from the daytime-only 1540 kHz facility in Niles, Ohio (that station would assume the WRTK calls and would be spun off to different owners in early 2001).
Clear Channel Communications purchased WNIO along with WNCD (which switched dial positions with WBBG in late 2000) and WAKZ from Bain in 2005, after it had dropped its petition on January 14, 2004 to purchase those three stations along with WICT due to FCC objections, and also included Clear Channel selling off their station clusters in New Castle and Johnstown to Forever Broadcasting, LLC.
From 2000 until 2010, WNIO also served as the flagship station for Mahoning Valley Scrappers minor league baseball.
In November 2010, Clear Channel announced that WNIO would drop its standards format in favor of Fox Sports Radio on December 27. The move will coincide with the displacement of the network from crosstown WANR 1570 AM in Warren, which switched back to its former classic hits format under the moniker "The Blizzard." This is one of two Standards stations changing their format in the Youngstown region. Cumulus owned WSOM AM 600 has flipped to News Talk on December 13 of 2010.
On September 7, 2020, WNIO rebranded as "1390 The Gambler", becoming the second iHeart sports station in Ohio to carry the "Gambler" name (after Cleveland market station WARF AM 1350). With the new branding, WNIO also added sports gambling oriented programming from the BetR Network, during the evenings. Fox Sports Radio however still comprises the bulk of the daily and weekend schedule.
Former logos
References
External links
WFMJ Oral History, Transcript of interview of Bill Crooks
NIO
Sports radio stations in the United States
IHeartMedia radio stations
Radio stations established in 1939
1939 establishments in Ohio |
4026984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Road%2C%20Kannur | Fort Road, Kannur | Fort Road is a busy shopping area in Kannur town of Kerala, South India. The road is so named, because it leads to the St. Angelo Fort.
Fort Road is the business hub of Kannur town, with many business and banks having their Kannur branches and outlets on the street. Some of the prominent shopping outlets are Supplyco, Fortlight Complex, Super Bazar. The Kannur railway station is located at the northern end of the road, and several tourist homes and hotels are concentrated in the area
The State Bank of India has a large campus on Fort Road. The Kannur City Centre—Kannur's largest shopping mall—is also located there. Kannur City Centre houses many of the larger outlets like Alukkas, Baskin-Robbins, Asiatic Internet Cafe, Apollo Clinic, Majestic, and Green's Hypermarket.
References
See also
Kannur
Kannur District
Suburbs of Kannur |
4027002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20State%20Route%2072 | Georgia State Route 72 | State Route 72 (SR 72) is a state highway that runs west-to-east through portions of Clarke, Madison, and Elbert counties in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. This route is part of a multi two-state route 72 that begins at Athens, Georgia and ends at Rock Hill, South Carolina. The route connects the Athens area with the South Carolina state line, southwest of Calhoun Falls, South Carolina, via Comer and Elberton.
Route description
SR 72 begins at an intersection with US 29/SR 8 (Old Monroe Road) in the northeastern part of Athens, on the northern edge of Athens Technical College, in Clarke County. It travels to the northeast, crossing into Madison County and passes through the towns of Hull and Colbert, and meets the western terminus of SR 172, just northeast of Colbert. Just before entering and bypassing Comer, the route crosses over the South Fork Broad River. While bypassing the town, it intersects the eastern terminus of SR 22 and the southern terminus of SR 98. SR 72 departs Comer, passing northeast of Watson Mill Bridge State Park, before bypassing Carlton. It heads northeast, crossing over the Broad River into Elbert County. It continues northeast toward Elberton. Just before entering town, it begins a concurrency with SR 17 (Bowman Highway). In town, it intersects SR 77 (Oliver Street). On the southeastern edge of town, SR 17 splits off to the southeast onto Elbert Street, while SR 72 heads east-southeast. It passes through rural areas of the county, and intersects the northern terminus of SR 79 (Lincolnton Highway) right before crossing the South Carolina border. At the South Carolina line, it crosses over Richard B. Russell Lake. There, the roadway continues to the northwest, toward Calhoun Falls, as South Carolina Highway 72.
The entire length of SR 72 is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense.
Future
GDOT proposed to widen SR 72 into a four-lane road with a green grass median from an intersection of SR 17 in Elberton to the South Carolina state line. The project was made to make the multi-state route 72 into a four-lane divided highway from its western terminus at Athens to Clinton, South Carolina.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
Georgia Roads (Routes 61 - 80)
072
Transportation in Athens, Georgia
Transportation in Clarke County, Georgia
Transportation in Madison County, Georgia
Transportation in Elbert County, Georgia |
4027011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Moolman | Louis Moolman | Louis Christiaan Moolman (21 January 1951 - 10 February 2006) was a Northern Transvaal and Springboks Rugby Union player. He was born in Pretoria, South Africa and went to school at Hoërskool Verwoerdburg. He played in the lock position.
Playing career
Moolman played his first test for the Boks on 27 August 1977 against a World Invitation Side at Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria. He played his last test on 31 May 1986 against the New Zealand Cavaliers at Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg at the age of 35. In total he played in 24 tests.
Moolman was a solid lock forward and was an impressive sight with his bulk and thick beard (1.95m and 111 kg) driving upfield with the ball in hand. He represented Northern Transvaal in 171 matches over a period of 13 seasons (1974–86). Only Naas Botha and Burger Geldenhuys represented the province on more occasions. He appeared in the Currie Cup final 9 times, of which 5 were won, and one drawn.
Test history
Death
Moolman died after a short illness after suffering a stroke.
Accolades
In 2000 he was inducted into the University of Pretoria Sport Hall of fame.
See also
List of South Africa national rugby union players – Springbok no. 498
References
1951 births
2006 deaths
South African rugby union players
South Africa international rugby union players
Rugby union locks
University of Pretoria alumni
Rugby union players from Pretoria
Blue Bulls players |
4027017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20Toshev | Andrey Toshev | Andrey Slavov Toshev () (16 April 1867, Stara Zagora – 10 January 1944) was Prime Minister of Bulgaria in 1935. He was also a Bulgarian scientist and a diplomat. Toshev was a professor of botany.
Appointed by Tsar Boris III, Toshev was chosen for his unflinching loyalty in the uncertainty following the counter coup by Boris loyalists against the government of Zveno that had assumed power in a coup the previous year. He headed a purely civilian cabinet after a period of military rule and was, in effect, a puppet of the Tsar. Indeed, at 68 years of age, the Premiership was Toshev's first major political role. His task was to contain the military, work on the constitution, and to construct a new popular movement. His Premiership proved short-lived since he made no progress on any of those fronts by November. At that time, it was discovered that Damyan Velchev had slipped back into the country — presumably with the intention of conspiring against the king — and Toshev was replaced by Georgi Kyoseivanov.
Toshev also served in diplomatic roles as the Bulgarian ambassador to Serbia from 1909 to 1913, in which capacity he helped bring about the formation of the Balkan League. He was also as the Bulgarian ambassador to Constantinople from 1913 to 1914 and instrumental in negotiating the Treaty of Constantinople.
References
1867 births
1944 deaths
Politicians from Stara Zagora
Bulgarian botanists
Bulgarian educators
Bulgarian diplomats
Prime Ministers of Bulgaria
Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Ambassadors of Bulgaria to Switzerland |
4027018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/111P/Helin%E2%80%93Roman%E2%80%93Crockett | 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett | 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett is a periodic comet in the Solar System. It was discovered by Eleanor and Ron Helin on 5 January 1989 from images obtained on the 3rd and 4th of that month. It is a Jupiter family comet known for extremely close approaches to Jupiter being a Quasi-Hilda comet. During these approaches, it actually orbits Jupiter. The last such approach was in 1976, the next will be in 2071. The Jovian orbits are highly elliptical and subject to intense Solar perturbation at apojove which eventually pulls the comet out of Jovian orbit for the cycle to begin anew.
Simulations predict such a cycle is unstable, the object will either be captured into an encounter orbit (e.g. Shoemaker-Levy 9) or expelled into a new orbit which does not have periodic approaches. This implies that 111P's orbit is recent within the past few thousand years. It fits the definition of an Encke-type comet with (TJupiter > 3; a < aJupiter).
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
111P/Helin-Roman-Crockett – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
Elements and Ephemeris for 111P/Helin-Roman-Crockett – Minor Planet Center
111P at Kronk's Cometography
Observations, www.oaa.gr.jp
Periodic comets
Encke-type comets
0111
111P
111P
Comets in 2013
19890105 |
4027057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20Party%20%28Netherlands%29 | Centre Party (Netherlands) | The Centre Party (, , CP) was a Dutch nationalist extreme right-wing political party espousing an anti-immigrant program. The party was founded by Henry Brookman in 1980, and was represented by Hans Janmaat in the Dutch House of Representatives from 1982, until he was expelled from the party in 1984 and joined the more moderate Centre Democrats. The CP, as well as the CD, was subject to a cordon sanitaire by the other parties in the House of Representatives. After much infighting and finally legal proceedings against the party, it was declared bankrupt in 1986. The party was soon after succeeded by the Centre Party '86, which would become increasingly radical, until it was banned in 1998.
Party history
Foundation
The Centre Party was founded on 11 March 1980 by Henry Brookman, one of the founders of the short-lived National Centre Party (NCP) in 1979 (which had been dissolved the day before the founding of the CP), and a prominent member of the Dutch Peoples-Union (NVU). In February 1980 some radical NCP members had harassed Moroccan refugees who held a hunger strike at the Moses and Aaron church in Amsterdam. This led to a conflict within the NCP. Brookman dissolved the NCP and founded the Centre Party (CP). The party contested the 1981 elections unsuccessfully, winning just 0.1% of the vote, the same as the Dutch Peoples-Union.
In Parliament (1982–1984)
In the 1982 election the party won 0.8% of the vote, and one seat, which was taken by Hans Janmaat. This was the first time since the Second World War that a party considered to be right-wing extremist had won a seat in parliament. Janmaat soon took over the leadership of the party, helped by the small membership of the party, his political background in mainstream political parties, and as Brookman had to move into the background due to pressure from his employer.
In the following years, the party continued its growth, and claimed 3,500 members in 1984. It was highly successful in elections, for instance winning almost 10% of the vote in the 1983 local elections in Almere, and 2.5% of the vote nationwide in the 1984 European elections.
Conflict soon erupted however, between the party leadership led by Nico Konst and Henk de Wijer, and the parliamentary section, of Janmaat and his assistants. Janmaat was accused of financial and personal improprieties, while Janmaat in turn accused the party leadership of neo-Nazi sympathies and political and organisational incompetence. While Janmaat had thought that by steering a more moderate course the CP would be able to attract more voters at the polls, he was expelled from the party by the party leadership. Janmaat then joined the recently founded Centre Democrats (CD) and kept his seat in parliament. The CP became even more isolated, and suffered from disruptive internal struggles, which were very costly. In 1986 the CP and CD organized a reconciliation meeting in Kedichem, which was turned into a disaster by radical anti-fascists. A group of these anti-fascist activists set the hotel where the meeting was located on fire, causing several heavy injuries.
The party had some moderate success in local elections of March 1986, winning 6 seats. The new optimism in the party was shattered however, when party leader Albrecht Lier defected from the party and joined the Centre Democrats in May. The CP, like the CD, was unable to obtain a seat in the 1986 election, but nevertheless won 0.4% of the vote, compared to the mere 0.1% of the CD.
Dissolution
By the 1986 election the party was disintegrating rapidly, with the party membership after the split counting a mere 100 persons, and most of the leading party members having gone over to the CD, or left politics. The party was officially declared bankrupt on 13 May 1986, after being fined a sum of money it was not able to pay. The party re-organized itself under the name Centre Party '86 (CP'86) a week later. They were never able to obtain any seats in national elections since then, and were eventually abrogated in 1998 by a Dutch court, because of the racist and xenophobic statements of its party board at a 1995 meeting. The radical neo-Nazi wing of the new party expelled the moderate nationalist wing, and several of the latter members founded the People's Nationalists Netherlands in 1997, which later became the New National Party.
Ideology
The CP saw itself as defending the rights of autochthonous Dutch people in the face of mass immigration. After it lost its parliamentary representation in 1984 the party continued in 1986 under the name Centre Party '86 and became even more radical.
The party's initial manifesto was titled "not left, not right," and combined right-wing, left-wing and green political positions. Its tenth point contained its immigration stance; "The Netherlands is not an immigrant country, so put a stop to the stream of foreigners." Together with the history of some of the party's early members, this point in the program was the main background for portraying the CP as an "extreme right" party in the media. The party itself however fiercely rejected any accusations of racism and fascism.
Election results
* In 1984 the party's sole representative in parliament, Hans Janmaat, became an independent MP.
Party leaders
Henry Brookman (1980–1982)
Hans Janmaat (1982–1984)
Nico Konst (1984–1985)
Albrecht "Pim" Lier (1985–1986)
Danny Segers (1986)
References
Bibliography
External links
1980 establishments in the Netherlands
1986 disestablishments in the Netherlands
Anti-Islam political parties in Europe
Conservative parties in the Netherlands
Defunct nationalist parties in the Netherlands
Eurosceptic parties in the Netherlands
Populism in the Netherlands
Non-interventionist parties
Political parties established in 1980
Political parties disestablished in 1986
Anti-Islam sentiment in the Netherlands
Third Position |
4027075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Peace | Warren Peace | Geoffrey Alexander MacCormack, better known as Warren Peace, is an English vocalist, composer and dancer best known for his work with David Bowie in the 1970s.
Musical career
A long-time friend of Bowie since their schooldays in Bromley, Peace (initially as GA MacCormack) contributed backing vocals to a number of albums, beginning with Aladdin Sane in 1973 and continuing through to Station to Station in 1976. He appeared with Bowie during his 1973 tour of the US and Japan, travelling back to the UK via the Trans-Siberian Railway with the singer, who refused to fly. He then performed on the final UK leg of the tour which ended with Ziggy Stardust's 'retirement' at the Hammersmith Odeon in July (later released as Ziggy Stardust – The Motion Picture).
With Bowie, Peace co-wrote the music for "Rock 'n' Roll With Me" on Diamond Dogs (1974) and later "Turn Blue" on Iggy Pop's Lust for Life (1977). He also appeared as an 'Astronette' dancer and vocalist in The 1980 Floor Show television special with Bowie in October 1973 and as one of the 'Diamond Dogs' dancer/vocalists on Bowie's 1974 US tour (recorded and released as David Live). With fellow Astronettes Ava Cherry and Jason Guess, and Bowie as writer/producer, Peace recorded an album's worth of material at Olympic Studios late in 1973, which was eventually released as People from Bad Homes in 1995.
Other work
In 2007, Peace (once again under his real name Geoff MacCormack) published From Station to Station: Travels With Bowie 1973-76, an illustrated account of his time in Bowie's entourage.
Discography
David Bowie
Aladdin Sane (1973) – backing vocals (as GA MacCormack, sometimes credited as Mac Cormack)
Pin Ups (1973) – backing vocals (as GA MacCormack, sometimes credited as Mac Cormack)
Diamond Dogs (1974) – co-composer ("Rock 'n' Roll With Me")
David Live (1974) – backing vocals, co-composer ("Rock 'n' Roll With Me")
Station to Station (1976) – backing vocals
Ziggy Stardust – The Motion Picture (1983, performance from 1973) – backing vocals, percussion
Bowie at the Beeb (2000, performance from 1971) – backing vocals (as Geoffrey Alexander)
Iggy Pop
Lust for Life (1977) – co-composer ("Turn Blue")
The Astronettes
People from Bad Homes (recorded 1973, released 1995) – vocals
References
Further reading
English male singers
English male dancers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
4027077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik%20Dreekmann | Hendrik Dreekmann | Hendrik Dreekmann (born 29 January 1975) is a former tennis player from Germany, who turned professional in 1991. He reached the quarterfinals of the 1994 French Open and the 1997 Miami Masters.
Personal life
Dreekmann was born in Bielefeld, West Germany, on 29 January 1975. He has been married to former long jumper Susen Tiedtke since 28 January 2005.
Career
Juniors
As a junior, Dreekmann was the runner-up at the 1989 European Junior Championships in Sofia, and reached the semis at the 1991 Orange Bowl.
Pro tour
Dreekman's greatest result in singles was reaching the quarterfinals of the 1994 French Open, only the second grand slam he had participated in. En route he defeated Adrian Voinea, Richey Reneberg and former top tenners Carlos Costa and Aaron Krickstein. In the quarter-finals, Dreekman led Magnus Larsson two sets to love, but eventually lost in five sets.
The right-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on 30 September 1996, when he became World No. 39.
ATP career finals
Singles: 2 (2 runner-ups)
Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 6 (3–3)
Doubles: 2 (1–1)
Performance timeline
Singles
External links
1975 births
Living people
German male tennis players
Sportspeople from Bielefeld
Tennis people from North Rhine-Westphalia |
4027080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Frank%20Hopkins | James Frank Hopkins | James Frank Hopkins (December 30, 1845 – December 15, 1913) was a Confederate Army volunteer and founder of the Sigma Nu fraternity at the Virginia Military Institute.
Civil War
Hopkins was born in Ripley, Mississippi on December 30, 1845. At the outbreak of the Civil War the Hopkins family moved to Arkansas Post near Little Rock. At 15 years old James Frank Hopkins was denied enlistment in the Confederate Army because he was too young.
In 1864 he was accepted as a private in a cavalry troop of Anderson's Arkansas Cavalry Battalion, part of General James F. Fagan's division, and later attained the rank of Color Sergeant. His expert horsemanship was put to use as a courier in several battles in the last year of the war.
Civilian life
Hopkins entered Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in 1866 at 21 years old. 1866 also marked the year that Hopkins rebelled against the hazing of freshman at VMI. Hopkins was the principal founder of Sigma Nu International Fraternity. He served as the Lieutenant Commander of the original Alpha Chapter, and the designer of the badge.
His involvement with the organization continued through his life, as he served as the first Vice-Regent and attended Grand Chapters in 1902, 1908, and 1910.
Death
On December 15, 1913, several weeks before his 68th birthday, James Frank Hopkins died and was buried in the village cemetery at Mabelvale, Arkansas.
See also
Sigma Nu
VMI
Notes
External links
1845 births
1913 deaths
People from Ripley, Mississippi
People from Arkansas County, Arkansas
Sigma Nu founders
Confederate States Army soldiers
Virginia Military Institute alumni |
4027106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/116P/Wild | 116P/Wild | 116P/Wild, also known as Wild 4, is a periodic comet in the Solar System. It fits the definition of an Encke-type comet with (TJupiter > 3; a < aJupiter).
On 4 November 2042 the comet will pass about from Ceres.
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
116P/Wild 4 – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
116P at Kronk's Cometography
Periodic comets
0116
Encke-type comets
Comets in 2016
19900121 |
4027110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Quiaca | La Quiaca | La Quiaca is a small city in the north of the , on the southern bank of the La Quiaca River, opposite the town of Villazón, Bolivia. It lies at the end of National Route 9, from San Salvador de Jujuy (the provincial capital), and at an altitude of above mean sea level.
La Quiaca has 13,761 inhabitants as per the . It is the head town of the Yaví Department, which includes also the towns of Barrios, Cangrejillos, El Cóndor, Pumahuasi, and Yaví. The area is serviced by an airport located at .
La Quiaca is an approximate antipode to Hong Kong.
It has all the amenities of a modern city (potable water, electricity, sewer, Internet). This city is one of the north of the Puna which has all the basic facilities for the convenience of tourists, one of the most important urban settlement in northern Argentina.
In the country, this city is the classic reference to the northern end of the country, though in reality this distinction is held by the town of Salvador Mazza, or Pocitos, in the province of Salta. In 1985, after a three-year national tour, the renowned composer León Gieco released a folk album called De Ushuaia a La Quiaca ("From Ushuaia to La Quiaca").
Geography
Climate
In spite of its location within the tropics, because it is located at over above sea level, La Quiaca has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an annual precipitation of . During winter months, temperatures during the day are cool, averaging in July while the nights can get very cold, with temperatures dropping well below . Precipitation is rare during the winter months although snowfalls are possible. During the summer months, temperatures during the day are mild to warm, averaging although nighttime temperatures can remain cool. Most of the precipitation that La Quiaca receives falls during the summer months. It is possibly the sunniest place in Argentina, averaging 3410 hours of sunshine or 76.9% of possible sunshine ranging from a low of 62.5% in February to a high of 87.5% in July. The highest temperature recorded was on February 4, 1998, while the lowest temperature was .
See also
Humahuaca
Iruya
Tilcara
Purmamarca
References
Notes
Great Circle Airport: SASQ
Populated places in Jujuy Province
Argentina–Bolivia border crossings |
4027116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongsvinger%20Fortress | Kongsvinger Fortress | Kongsvinger Fortress () is located in the city and municipality of Kongsvinger in the county of Hedmark, Norway. It is situated on a hill west and north of the Glomma river, standing astride the ancient Vinger Royal Road, which connected Norway and Värmland, Sweden as well as on the north-south Norwegian route along the Glomma. As Kongsvinger formed a key junction point for these routes, fortifications were constructed there to protect against invasion from the east.
History
Medieval period
During the early medieval period, pilgrims traveled to the shrine of St. Olaf at Trondheim; a favorite route for those from Sweden (the Vinger Royal Road) passed via Eidskog, Vinger (now Kongsvinger) and Elverum up the Glomma. This important pilgrimage & trade route is mentioned by Adam of Bremen in 1070. Its importance as an established road leading both north and south from the Swedish border was the basis for its later military significance.
Between 1130 and 1217 Norway underwent a period of Civil Wars. The Bagler faction contested with the Birkebeiners, led by the pretender King Sverre, for control during the late 12th century. Many of the rebels found refuge in Värmland and the Vinger area was the site of numerous conflicts.
Sigurd Ribbung harassed King Haakon IV of Norway’s lands across this border. In 1224 they fought a battle at Vinger. Ribbung’s troops were defeated and fled.
Early modern period
In the spring of 1643 the Swedish Privy Council determined that their military strength made territorial gains at the expense of Denmark/Norway likely. The Count drew up the plan for war and directed a surprise multiple-front attack on Denmark and Norway in May. Norway, which was then governed by Christian's son-in-law, Statholder (royal governor) Hannibal Sehested, was a reluctant participant. Some Finnish people in the Finnskogen, who had migrated from Sweden and whose loyalties were often with Sweden, were caught spying on Norwegian troops at Vinger. A rather desultory war between Sweden and Norway, often called the Hannibal War, resulted from 1643 to 1645. Vinger was the staging area for several minor Norwegian invasions into Sweden as this final episode of the Thirty Years' War was completed. The most important consequence of this war was that the royal governor identified the need for fortifications at Vinger and elsewhere along the border and initiated a tax for the purpose. Since there was great discontent, this tax burden was lifted in 1646 by Christian IV of Denmark and Norway; as a result no fortification construction was begun at that time.
In 1673, Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve wrote that construction was underway on a defensive structure on top of a hill. Once completed, it would dominate the river and the existing sconce by the ferry crossing. This structure was called Vinger Sconce or Gyldenborg and was a precursor to Kongsvinger Fortress. It was never attacked during the Scanian War, which broke out in 1675, but it did fire its cannons against a Swedish reconnaissance unit. An attack was launched from Vinger in February 1679, but it was unable to penetrate deep into Sweden due to insufficient artillery.
Following the war, fortifications were improved along the border toward Sweden. Plans were made for a star-shaped fortress and construction began in 1682 on the site of the old Vinger Sconce. The new fortress was named Königs Winger, which has since become Kongsvinger, both meaning King's Vinger. Today, Øvrebyen, the old Kongsvinger uptown area around the fortress is dominated by wooden buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries, laid out in the typical right angle square plan - by architect Major General Johan Caspar von Cicignon - popular in this period.
In 1709, during the Great Northern War, Norway was mobilized and by the end of October 1709, 1,500 men were stationed at Kongsvinger. When in 1716 it became apparent that the Charles XII of Sweden intended to invade, three fortresses along the Swedish border were again extensively manned: Kongsvinger Fortress, Basmo Fortress and Fredriksten Fortress. The attack fell on Basmo and Kongsvinger was bypassed.
Industrial revolution period
Although a significant part of the Norwegian border fortification during several wars with Sweden, Kongsvinger never saw attack. The closest offensive occurred in 1808 during the Napoleonic Wars, when a Swedish column advanced against the fortress of Kongsvinger. They reached the Glomma River after a victory at Lier on 18 April, but did not cross the river and invest the fortress. On 10 March 1809 an interim armistice was signed at Kongsvinger.
Later, in 1814, the most bloody battle between Swedish invaders and defending Norwegian forces during the Napoleonic Wars took place at Matrand, a short distance from Kongsvinger on the Eidskog road. The Swedish lost 337 men, compared with 139 killed and wounded on the Norwegian side.
Aasmund Olavsson Vinje (1818–1870) was a famous Norwegian poet and journalist who wrote in his Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860, "One of the finest views in the country is to stand at Kongsvinger Fortress and gaze down the Glomma."
Twentieth century
In 1905, when the union between Sweden and Norway was dissolved, a neutral zone was established in which all fortifications were to be demolished. Kongsvinger lay just outside this zone and the fortification survived.
Nazi Germany invaded Norway on 9 April 1940. Although not invested, Norwegian fortresses fell under German control. In August 1942 a school providing four-week course in national socialist ideology opened for the Germanske SS Norge at Kongsvinger Fortress. Several classes graduated there.
Commanding officers
1682 Lieutenant Colonel Georg Reichwein 21.10.1682 -17.02.1689
1689 Lieutenant Colonel Johan Braun 18.02.1689 - 17.07.1689
1689 Lieutenant Colonel Johan Nicolai Mollerup 18.07.1689 - 09.02.1700'''
Acting: Lieutenant Colonel Ole Brun 10.02.1700 - 30.04.1700
1700 Colonel Markvard Otto Mangelsen 01.05.1700 - 11.03.1703
Acting: Unknown 12.03.1703 - 26.03.1703
1703 Major Johan Otto Sesterfleth 27.03.1703 - 03.02.1713
Acting: Major Giert Chr. von Hirch 01.01.17.13 - 21.05.1713
1713 Major Jacob Matheson 22.05.1713 - 26.07.1724
Acting:Claus Emhausen 27.07.1724 - 01.11.1724
1724 Lieutenant Colonel Johan Junge 02.11.1724 - 06.12.1745
Acting: Unknown 07.12.1745 -10.01.1746
1746 Lieutenant Colonel Hans Olai Fremmen 11.01.1746 - 13.10.1746
Acting: Captain Christen Bille 14.10.1746 - 10.01.1747
1747 Colonel baron Mogens Holck 11.01.1747 - 18.11.1764
Acting: Unknown 19.11.1764 - 30.11.1764
Acting: Lieutenant Colonel Valentin Huitfeldt 01.12.1764 - 31.08.1765
Acting: Captain David Loeseke 01.09.1765 - 31.01.1766
1766 Lieutenant General Johan Ludvig Maximilian Biellart 01.02.1766 - 07.10.1798
Acting: Unknown 08.10.1798 - 22.10.1798
1798 Colonel Niels Harbou 23.10.1798 - 23.11.1802
1802 Colonel Bernhard Ditlev von Staffeldt 24.11.1802 - 24.10.1807
Acting: Major Andreas Samuel Krebs 01.07.1807 - 24.10.1807
1807 Colonel Werner Nicolai de Saue 25.10.1807 - 28.03.1808
1808 Colonel Gottfried Carl Gotlob von Blucher 29.03.1808 - 04.09.1808
1808 Colonel Johan Andreas Cornelis Ohme 05.09.1808 - 19.10.1808
1808 Major Friedrich Johan Wilhelm Haffner 20.10.1808 - 28.09.1808
1809 Major Johan Wilhelm Bruenech Stabell 29.09.1808 - 21.02.1810
1810 Lieutenant Colonel Andreas Samuel Krebs 22.02.1810 - 07.07.1814
1814 Lieutenant Colonel Benoni d'Aubert 08.02.1814 - 18.09.1817
Acting: Colonel Andreas Samuel Krebs 01.06.1815 - 18.09.1817
1817 Lieutenant Colonel Nicolai Reichswein Huitfeldt 19.09.1817 - 16.10.1835
Acting: Lieutenant Colonel Magnus Chr. Fritzner 17.10.1835 - 21.06.1836
Acting: Captain Lars Bierkebæk 22.06.1836 - 21.03.1837
1837 Colonel Wilhelm Sissener 22.03.1837 - 29.12.1846
Acting: Captain Hans Jacob Fisher 30.12.1846 - 09.07.1847
1847 Colonel Peder Bernhard Anker 10.07.1847 - 13.06.1849
Acting: Captain Frederik D. Werenskiold 14.06.1849 -05.09.1849
1849 Major General Erik Theodor Anker 06.09.1849 -24.08.1858
Acting: Captain Frederik D. Werenskiold 1.10.1849 - 30.03.1850
Acting: Riding Master Carsten Anker 25.08.1858 -04.03.1859
1859 Captain Frederik Daniel Werenskiold 05.03.1859 - 13.04.1878
1878 Lieutenant Colonel Jonas Severin Dessen 14.04.1878 - 31.10.1882
1882 Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Frederik Lowsow 01.11.1882 - 19.01.1883
Acting: Captain Hans Christian Schjorn 20.01.1893 - 31.05.1893
1893 Captain Hans Christian Schjorn 01.06.1893 - 17.07.1897
Acting: Captain W.Gran 14.07.1897 - 31.10.1897
1897 Captain Theodor Emil Lefevre Grimsgaard 01.11.1897 - 30.09.1902
1902 Captain Theodor Flindt Ellerhausen 01.10.1902 - 13.11.1897
Acting: Captain Theodor L. Grimsgaard. 01.10.1902 - 31.01.1903¨
Acting: Captain Georg Prahl Harbitz 14.05.1909 - 12.07.1909
1912 Captain Georg Marenius Gottlieb Erdmann 14.11.1912 - 30.09.1930
Acting: Captain Kristian Emil Gloersen 01.07.1929 - 14.08.1929
Acting: Captain Trygve Larsen 15.08.1929 - 31.12.1930
1931 Major Kristian Emil Gloersen 01.01.1931 - 11.11.1935
1935 Major Einar Hoch-Nielsen 12.11.1935 - 16-04.1940
Acting: Major K.E. Gloersen 12.11.1935 - 01.01.1936
1940 Acting: The Ortskommandant 17.04.1940 -07.05.1945
1945
Acting: The Home Forces Rolf Syversen 08.05.1945 - 31.07.1945
Acting: The Home forces Helge Andersen 01.08.1945 - 31.12.1945
1946 Lieutenant Colonel Einar Haganæs 01.01.1946 - 26.03.1946
Acting: Captain H.Lien 27.03.1946 - 31.07.1946
1946 Major Gunnar Gundersen 01.08.1946 - 26.03.1946
Acting: Captain Endre Einum 01.01.1949 - 14.05.1950
1950 Major Hans Kvernsjoli 15.05.1950 - 01.04.1953
Acting:Captain Endre Einum 15.05.1950 - 02.06.1950
Acting: Captain Endre Einum 01.01.1951 - 30.06.1951
Acting: Captain Endre Einum 01.01.1953 - 13.07.1953
1953 Major Arne Sekkelsten 14.07.1953 - 31.03.1955
Acting: Captain Thomas Julsrud 01.04.1955 - 14.12.1955
1955 Major Johannes Orderud 15.12.1955 - 30.08.1958
Acting: Captain Thomas Julsrud 01.09.1958 - 31.07.1959
1959 Colonel Asle T. Hauglie 01.08.1959 - 04.10.1959
1959 Lieutenant Colonel Bertel Bøhnsmoen 05.10.1959 - 29.11.1974
1974 Lieutenant Colonel Jostein Skaslien 30.11.1974 - 03.08.1978
1978 Lieutenant Colonel Erling Strom 04.08.1978 - 30.11.1979
Acting: Captain Sverre Holth 01.12.1979 - 21.02.1980
1980 Lieutenant Colonel Helge Skaar 22.02.1980- 30.11.1987
Acting: Major Kjell Joramo 12.09.1984 - 06.01.1986
Acting: Major Kjell Joramo 18.08.1986 -31.12.1986
1987 Lieutenant Colonel Odd Ivar Ruud 01.12.1987 - 31.07.1991
1991 Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Søland 01.08.1991 - 31.07.1998
Acting: Reidar Halvorsen 14.12.1995 - 07.02.1997
1998 Lieutenant Colonel Helge Thomassen 01.08.1998 - 31.07.2005
2005 Major Grethe Bergersen 01.08.2005 - 31.07.2010
Acting: Lieutenant Colonel Helge Thomassen 01.08.2005 - 31.01.2007
2010 Lieutenant Colonel John Petter Bachke 01.08.2010 - 31.07.2015
2016 Lieutenant Colonel Johnny Sørloth 01.08.2016 - 31.12.2018
Acting: Major Arnstein Hestnes 01.01.2019 - 12.08.2019
2019 Lieutenant Colonel Arnstein Hestnes 13.08.2019 -
References
Forts in Norway
Kongsvinger
Military installations in Innlandet |
4027119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maveli%20Stores | Maveli Stores | Maveli Stores is a venture of the Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation (Supplyco).
Under the Government programme of market intervention, pulses and spices are purchased and sold to the consumers at subsidised prices fixed by the Government. The Government of Kerala aids this operation by giving grants every year. The task has been fulfilled through the network of Maveli Stores, which was started to commemorate the saga of Mahabali, legendary king of Kerala. Now the Maveli Stores has become a prominent name among the consumers in the state. Supplyco operates through Maveli Stores and Mobile Maveli Stores throughout the state covering almost all the panchayaths. Quality products and subsidised pricing are the twin advantages, which Supplyco extend to the consumer. Supplyco has also undertaken distribution of pulses and spices and other branded products of Civil Supplies Corporation at subsidised prices, through the network of 2000 selected ration shops.
Succumbing to the overwhelming public demand, Supplyco expanded its horizon of activities into other vital areas of consumer interest by starting Super Markets, Petrol Bunks, LPG outlets and Medical Stores (Sabari Medical Stores). Supplyco also markets its own branded products of tea, coffee, milled wheat products, curry products, iodized salt, washing soaps and detergents.
See also
Supplyco
Margin Free Market
External links
Supplyco Website
Companies based in Kerala
Year of establishment missing |
4027120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophes%3A%20A%20Book%20of%20Tributes%20to%20Masters%20of%20Music | Apostrophes: A Book of Tributes to Masters of Music | Apostrophes: A Book of Tributes to Masters of Music is a book written by Alfred Kreymborg and published by The Grafton Press, New York, in 1910. It is a slim volume (with no page numbers), and comprises a series of short somewhat 'poetic' paragraphs addressed to various great composers. There is an introductory apostrophe To Music, and then sections on the following composers: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Henry Purcell, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johann Sebastian Bach, Joseph Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Hector Berlioz, Felix Mendelssohn, Frédéric Chopin, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, Giuseppe Verdi, Robert Franz, Johannes Brahms, Georges Bizet, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Antonín Dvořák, Edvard Grieg, Vincent d'Indy, Edward MacDowell, Claude Debussy, and Richard Strauss.
In his autobiography, Troubador, he describes how he came to write the book; he refers to himself in the third person: "He actually dreamed of writing books of his own and carried the desire to the point of struggling, almost at the outset, with a humble work on the four huge symphonies of Brahms. In retrospect, it looked like a few drops of ink in the sea and he destroyed it. Then he tried the other extreme and evolved a series of paragraphs, concise, restrained and reverent. These prose poems to composers, moving from Palestrina to Debussy, he entitled Apostrophes."
Notes
Kreymborg, Alfred, Troubador: An American Autobiography, 1925; page 65 of the 1957 paperback.
Music books
1910 non-fiction books
Books about musicians |
4027138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctislav%20Dosed%C4%9Bl | Ctislav Doseděl | Ctislav Doseděl (born 10 August 1970), also known as Sláva Doseděl, is a former tennis player from the Czech Republic, who turned professional in 1989.
Doseděl won three singles titles and one doubles titles during his career. The right-hander reached the quarter-finals of the 1999 US Open by defeating Jim Courier, Fernando Meligeni, Fredrik Jonsson and Jiří Novák before losing to Todd Martin. He also got to the semifinals of the 1994 Rome Masters and achieved his career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 26 in October 1994. His tennis career ended with the 2001 US Open.
Doseděl is still involved in professional tennis post retirement and is, as of June 2012, coaching top 100 singles player Lukáš Rosol of the Czech Republic.
Doseděl appeared in a 1999 Czech movie titled "Life Water" (Voda života), telling the life of Vincent Priessnitz who found cure for high fever during the 19th century.
ATP Career Finals
Doubles: 6 (3 title, 3 runner-ups)
Doubles: 1 (1 title)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 12 (5–7)
Doubles: 5 (3–2)
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
External links
1970 births
Living people
Czech expatriates in Monaco
Czech male tennis players
Czechoslovak male tennis players
Olympic tennis players of the Czech Republic
Sportspeople from Přerov
Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics |
4027140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court%20of%20the%20Lions | Court of the Lions | The Court of the Lions (; ) or Palace of the Lions () is a palace in the heart of the Alhambra, a historic citadel formed by a complex of palaces, gardens and forts in Granada, Spain. It was commissioned by the Nasrid sultan Muhammed V of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus. Its construction started in the second period of his reign, between 1362 and 1391 AD. Along with the Alhambra, the palace is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was minted in Spain's 2011 limited edition of €2 Commemorative Coins.
The Palace of the Lions is one of the most famous palaces in Islamic architecture and exemplifies the apogee of Nasrid architecture in Al-Andalus. The architecture of the palace presented a significant shift in the design of Nasrid palaces and introduced new trends in ornamentation. The building consists of a rectangular courtyard centered on a marble fountain with twelve sculpted lions. Four main halls surround the courtyard, along with some upper-floor rooms. Water channels connect the central fountain with smaller fountains in the four halls. The halls feature some of the most elaborate and sophisticated muqarnas vaults in the Islamic world.
History
Nasrid period
The Alhambra was a self-contained palace-city surrounded by fortifications, built up by the Nasrid rulers of the Emirate of Granada in the 13th to 15th centuries. Multiple palaces were added and expanded over the years by different rulers. The Palace of the Lions was added by Muhammad V, who is also responsible for other important contributions to the Alhambra. The period of Muhammad V's reign is considered by scholars to mark the apogee of Nasrid architecture, characterized in particular by a profusive use of muqarnas (stalactite-like sculpting) and three-dimensional muqarnas vaults. The chronology of construction in the Palace of the Lions is not clearly established, but it took place during Muhammad V's second reign (1362–1391), after his return from a period of exile. The Hall of the Two Sisters (Sala de Dos Hermanas), on the north side of the court, was completed in 1362 or between 1362 and 1365, when Muhammad V was celebrating his return to the throne and was also refurbishing the Mexuar and the Comares Palace. According to scholar Felix Arnold, the rest of the palace was built between 1377 and 1390. Some scholars have suggested that the palace was most likely completed in 1380. Inscriptions throughout the palace feature poems by Ibn Zamrak, a poet and long-serving vizier at the time, which suggests that he was probably involved in its design.
The area the Palace of the Lions was built on was formerly part of a larger garden or riad. Much of the area around it remained an open garden afterward, including the area on its north side which is now occupied by the Patio de Lindaraja (Courtyard of Lindaraja). Possibly because of this, the palace's original name was Qasr ar-Riyad () or, more fully, Qasr ar-Riyad as-Sa'id (). Another former name of the palace may have been Dar 'Aisha (), purportedly named after one of Muhammad V's favourite wives, although there is no historical record of what Muhammad's wives were called. This name was later corrupted to Daraxa or Daraja in Spanish, and survives in the name of the Lindaraja courtyard. The palace was originally completely independent from the nearby Comares Palace to the west and had its own street entrance. On the south side of the palace, separated from it by a narrow street, was the Rawda (), the dynastic mausoleum of the Nasrids (of which only the foundations remain today).
A widely-held scholarly view is that the palace was intended to serve as a private residence with a more intimate character than the Comares Palace, which served more official public functions. It may have served as a pleasure palace for entertainment. In his 2004 book on the Alhambra, Robert Irwin argued that while this interpretation is plausible, there is little direct evidence about the palace's function. One theory by art historian Juan Carlos Ruiz Souza has proposed that it may have actually been a madrasa rather than a palace. It has also been suggested that the palace was built to commemorate Muhammad V's victories, in particular his retaking of Algeciras in 1369. Robert Irwin states that there is no direct evidence for this interpretation either and that the chronology of events makes it unlikely. However, the loot gained from those victories may have helped Muhammad V finance his construction projects.
After the Reconquista
Granada was conquered by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain in 1492 and the Alhambra became a palace owned by the Spanish monarchy. Like much of the Alhambra, the Palace of the Lions suffered damages and underwent various repairs, restorations, and modifications over time. Under the Catholic Monarchs, it was connected to the Comares Palace by a direct passage for the first time, as it remains today. Starting in 1528, emperor Charles V commissioned the construction of new apartments in the area to the north of the palace. The former gardens on the north side of the palace, which had allowed for an uninterrupted view of the city on this side, were turned into an enclosed garden during this period, resulting in the present Patio de Lindaraja. Additionally, the original entrance to the Palace of the Lions, on its south side, was suppressed in order to make a connection to the new Renaissance-style Palace of Charles V. Modifications were also made to the fountain inside the Court of the Lions during the second half of the 16th century.
In 1590 the western chamber of the palace, the Sala de los Mocarabes, was destroyed by the explosion of a nearby gunpowder magazine. The room's former muqarnas-vault ceiling, now lost, was eventually replaced by a Baroque-style plaster vault in 1714, designed by painter Blas de Ledesma for the visit of Phillip V and Isabella of Parma. In the 19th century, probably during the French occupation (1810–1812), the floor of the courtyard was replaced with gardens – although there has been much debate among scholars as to whether gardens had previously existed in the courtyard. In 1859 the architect Rafael Contreras "restored" the courtyard's eastern pavilion by giving it a spherical dome roof with ceramic tiling, based in part on Iranian architecture. This conformed to what European restorers at the time thought the "Arab style" should look like. The domed roof was disassembled in 1934 by Leopoldo Torres Balbás and replaced with its current pyramidal roof, which set off an international debate about the nature of restorations. Torres Balbás argued for a more scientific approach to restoration, in contrast with the more "stylistic" restoration philosophy of his predecessors. Nonetheless, Torres Balbás's roof is still partly incorrect, as its angles are too steep compared with similar pyramidal roofs in Moorish architecture.
Recent restorations
In 2002, the Patronato de la Alhambra (the official agency in charge of the historical site) began a major and comprehensive restoration of the Court of the Lions. This involved the temporary removal of the fountain's lion sculptures and modifications to its hydraulic system. The restoration of the fountain and most of the courtyard was completed in 2012. One of the last steps in the restoration was the replacement of the courtyard's previous gravel flooring with a pavement of Macael marble flagstones, a decision based on the study of historical archives and on new archeological investigations showing that the underlying rock bed would have made the topsoil too thin for gardens. A recent study of some of the muqarnas compositions around Court of the Lions was able to identify deformations and imperfections that have occurred due to the many repairs and restorations that took place across generations.
Description
The palace is centered around a rectangular courtyard, which is surrounded on four sides by chambers and an arcaded gallery or portico. Many of the names for individual rooms were coined in Spanish after the end of the Reconquista and have little to do with any original Arabic names.
The courtyard (Patio de los Leones)
The rectangular courtyard measures about 28.7 meters long and 15.6 meters wide, with its long axis aligned roughly east-to-west. The arches and columns of the surrounding portico are arranged in a complex pattern that is unique in the architecture of the Islamic world. Single columns alternate with groups of two or three columns to forming a visual rhythm that highlights certain parts of the façade. Each column or group of columns demarcates a bay: there are 17 bays on the north and south sides of the courtyard and 11 bays on the east and west sides. On the north and south sides, the central bay is wider than all the others as it leads to the entrance of the hall behind it. On the east and west sides, a pavilion structure projects into the courtyard from the portico. It has been argued by Georges Marçais that the spacing of columns and arches was set to the golden ratio, but there is no strong evidence that Muslim architects ever used it. Instead, as Antonio Fernández-Puertas postulates, the rectangles used in the construction may have been based on square roots and surds.
The pavilions are also supported by slender columns forming three bays of different sizes on each side of the pavilion, with the middle bay slightly wider than the two side bays. At the corners of the pavilion the columns meet in groups of three. The pavilions have pyramidal roofs covering a wooden dome ceiling inside it. The wooden domes feature geometric patterns similar in style to the wooden ceilings in other parts of the Alhambra like the Hall of the Ambassadors.
The arcades of the porticos and the pavilions feature intricately-carved stucco decoration, known as yesería in Spanish. A sebka motif – a stylized lozenge-like motif – fills the spaces above the arches and between the columns, accompanied by further vegetal arabesques, other abstract motifs, and muqarnas sculpting. There are also Arabic inscriptions, including the repetition of the Nasrid motto "wa la ghaliba illa-llah" ().
The courtyard also features a sophisticated system of water channels, fountains, and basins. At the center of the southern hall, the northern hall, and the eastern and western porticoes is a small fountain at ground level with a round basin from which a water channel runs across the marble floor along the central axes of the courtyard. Additional fountains with basins are situated at the center of the pavilions, along these channels, and separately at the corners of the western and eastern porticoes. The four water channels intersect at the center of the courtyard, where the famed Fountain of the Lions stands. This fountain consists of a large elevated basin surrounded by twelve stylized lion sculptures, all carved from marble.
Fountain of the Lions
The central fountain of the courtyard, which has been modified and restored several times over the centuries, consists of a bowl-like marble basin surrounded by twelve lions, which face outwards and appear to support the bowl on their backs. They are made of Macael marble from Almeria. The existence of fountains with lion sculptures is documented at other sites of al-Andalus such as the earlier Medina Azahara near Cordoba. The Pisa Griffin is even larger.
The marble water basin was carved from a single piece of marble. While it appears completely white today, it was originally painted with subtle colors in order to highlight its carved decoration, but these colors have been lost due to repetitive cleaning over the centuries. This decoration includes a long inscription around the border of the bowl featuring a poem by Ibn Zamrak. The original hydraulic system was designed to keep a consistent water level in the basin.
Origins
The origin of the sculpted fountain and its lions has been debated. A theory by Frederick Bargebuhr in 1956 suggests that the lion sculptures came from the 11th-century palace of the Jewish vizier Yusuf ibn Nagrela (d. 1066). Bargebuhr even suggested that the Palace of the Lions was built on the foundations of this earlier palace. Oleg Grabar later supported this origin story for the fountain. The proposal was based on the description of a fountain found in a poem by Ibn Gabirol in the 11th century which described the vizier's palace. Under this interpretation, the lions represented the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and two of them have a triangle on the forehead, indicating the two extant tribes Judá and Leví. However, this origin theory has since been challenged or refuted by many other scholars, mostly on the arguments that a poetic description is not direct evidence of the two fountains being the same, that the description in the poem itself is not an exact match, and that the style of the lions belongs to 14th-century Nasrid art.
Modifications and restorations
In the second half of the 16th century, after the Alhambra had become a Spanish palace, the fountain was significantly modified by the addition of smaller water basins above the central spout in order to create a multi-level fountain. In 1624 sculptor Alonso de Mena repaired the fountain and cleaned it. In the early 19th century a set of spouts were added to the fountain and in 1837 another spout was added at the top of the fountain to reflect the tastes of the time. The original (lower) main basin was also raised in height in 1884.
In the 20th century efforts were made to return the fountain to its original state. Several tests and studies began in 1945 and in 1966 it was generally restored to its hypothesized original appearance, removing the pieces that were added to it from the 16th century onward. In 2002 another major restoration process was begun by the Patronato de la Alhambra. One of the 12 lion sculptures was removed that year, followed by the rest in 2007, in order to undergo restoration in the Patronato's workshops. Harmful residues and particles were removed and cracks were repaired. The water basin, due to its size, remained on site and was restored in situ. After being exhibited at the Alhambra Museum for 2 years, the lions were put back in place in December 2011.
The hydraulic system of the fountain was also studied during the recent restoration process. In 1884, when the fountain's main basin was raised, a cylindrical marble bloc was discovered whose top was pierced by many holes. In 1890, archeologist Francisco de Paula Valladar hypothesized that this piece was the means by which water originally spilled into the fountain's main basin. Based on the description provided by Ibn Zamrak's poem inscribed on the basin, he theorized that the holes were connected to a system of pipes that allowed water to flow both in and out of the basin at the same time. This system maintained a steady water level in the basin and prevented the surface of the water from being disturbed, as suggested by Ibn Zamrak's poem, which evokes the "solid" appearance of the water. During the restoration work of the 1960s, experts were not yet able to implement this hydraulic system, therefore the fountain was left with a small water jet spouting water in the middle of the basin. In 1981 the original marble cylinder piece was removed for preservation and further study at the Alhambra Museum. In 2012, upon completing the restoration of the fountain, a replica of this cylindrical piece was installed in the fountain to replace the water jet, thus restoring the hydraulic system to its hypothesized original state.
The restoration choices that the Patronato has made over the years in regards to the fountain have been met with criticism or skepticism from some scholars. Bernhard Schirg, for example, has criticized the use of Ibn Zamrak's poem as a documentary reference to reconstitute the fountain's hydraulic system. Schirg argues that poems like those composed by Ibn Zamrak, as well as descriptions made by other historical writers, often blended direct description with metaphor and fantasy, and thus should not be taken at face value.
Excerpt of Ibn Zamrak's poem on the basin
The poet and minister Ibn Zamrak wrote a poem to describe the beauty of the courtyard. It also describes the fountain's hydraulic system. It is carved around the rim of the basin:
The Sala de los Mocárabes
The chamber on the western side of the courtyard, through which visitors enter the Court of the Lions today, is known as the Sala de los Mocárabes or "Hall of the mocárabes (muqarnas)". It is a narrow rectangular hall. Originally, it was covered by a ceiling of muqarnas vaults and was considered one of the most beautiful rooms in the Alhambra. However, in 1590 the chamber was largely destroyed by the explosion of a nearby gunpowder magazine. The ceiling was eventually replaced by the current Baroque-style plaster vault in 1714, designed by Spanish painter Blas de Ledesma. The hall is connected to the rest of the courtyard via three muqarnas archways.
The Sala de los Abencerrajes and the Patio del Harén
The hall accessed on the south side of the courtyard has been known since either the 16th century or the 19th century as the Sala de los Abencerrajes or "Hall of the Abencerrajes". This name derives from the powerful Abencerrajes family (Banu Sarraj in Arabic) who played a political role in the emirate, but there is no actual historical relation between the family and this chamber. Its original name in Arabic was al-Qubba al-Ġarbīya ("the Western Dome"). The reasons for this name are unclear, but it may have been called that in relation to the dome of the Palacio del Partal Alto, a palace further east near the present Partal Palace.
The hall consists of a central square space, acting almost like another courtyard, which is flanked by two niche-like side chambers. This kind of layout found in many other palace halls across the Alhambra. The side chambers are separate from the central space by double arches. A short corridor, passing through multiple archways, separates the hall from the Court of the Lions. On an upper floor above this corridor is a small chamber with a window overlooking the courtyard, similar to a mirador (lookout). The main central space of the hall is covered by a highly elaborate three-dimensional muqarnas dome ceiling, featuring a 16-sided cupola in the shape of an eight-pointed star. The cupola and the transitional zones around its base are all filled with muqarnas. Each of the cupola's 16 sides is pierced by a window. Inscriptions in the hall by Ibn Zamrak compare this dome to the heavens, the sun, the moon, and the stars. The upper walls of the chamber are covered in more stucco decoration, while the lower walls are covered with tile decoration. The original tiles were replaced in the 16th century with contemporary tiles from Seville.
A small passageway nearby leads to the upper floor where there were additional rooms and a latrine. These rooms are not usually accessible to tourists today. One of the chambers is a courtyard known as the Patio del Harén ("Courtyard of the Harem"), located above and just west of the Sala de los Abencerrajes. It was part of an independent apartment which could be accessed from the palace's original street entrance. It is also located above a cistern which supplied water for the nearby Comares Baths. This courtyard is flanked by two arcades of three arches that feature marble columns topped by capitals carved in serpentine, which are unique in the Alhambra. Fragments of original fresco decoration are also preserved on the lower walls. Another nearby element, slightly to the east, is the Puerta de la Rauda ("Gate of the Rawda"), a horseshoe-arch doorway topped by a dome. No longer accessible to general visitors today, this was probably the original entrance to the palace before the 16th century.
The Sala de los Reyes
The hall on the eastern side of the courtyard is known as the Sala de los Reyes or "Hall of Kings". This hall is essentially a wide rectangular space, but it has a more complicated subdivision in comparison with the other rooms of the palace. The hall is divided into seven sub-units by muqarnas arches. Each of these sub-units is covered by its own muqarnas vault ceiling. Three of the sub-units are square chambers and their muqarnas vaults are set within a cupola pierced with windows, which brings in more light. These chambers are open to the courtyard via a triple archway sculpted with more muqarnas. The other four sub-units are smaller and rectangular in shape, serving as either transitional spaces between the square chambers or as side chambers at opposite ends of the hall.
Each of the seven sub-units of the hall is accompanied by a niche-like chamber of equal width behind it (on its eastern side). The three larger chambers are each covered with a rounded vault ceiling made of wooden planks. The surface of the ceiling is covered with leather that has been painted with pictorial scenes. Pictorial scenes are relatively rare in Islamic art (with the exception of miniatures) and scholars generally agree, based on their Gothic-like style, that these paintings were probably executed by Christian artists from a Spanish court (probably the court of Pedro of Castile in Seville). Another theory by art historian Jerrilynn Dodds is that they were executed by Muslims who were kept as captives in the court of Pedro and thus became familiar with Christian paintings but not deeply rooted in those traditions, resulting in a mix-and-match of Christian Romantic motifs in the same scenes. The painting in the middle chamber shows a group of 10 Nasrid officials and dignitaries, including the sultan, sitting on cushions and engaged in a discussion or debate. This scene, because it shows the ruler or "king", inspired the hall's current name. The paintings in the other two chambers show scenes of court life, including a jousting competition and hunting scenes, set amidst a landscape of gardens and palaces.
After the Reconquista, the Sala de los Reyes was used as a chapel and as a headquarters for the parish of Santa Maria de la Alhambra while the church of the same name was being built nearby (over the site of the previous mosque) during the 16th century. in 1855 the roof the hall was significantly modified by the addition of new individual roofs on top of each of the painted wooden roofs, replacing the former common roof that protected all three of them. This resulted in poor ventilation and caused the paintings to deteriorate. In 2006, as part of the ongoing major restoration of the palace, the original wooden roofs were restored and steps were taken to prevent further damage.
The Sala de Dos Hermanas
The hall on the northern side of the courtyard is known as the Sala de Dos Hermanas or "Hall of the Two Sisters", so-called because of two large slabs of marble that form part of the pavement. Its original Arabic name was al-Qubba al-Kubrā ("the Great Dome"), suggesting it had a particular significance. Like the southern Sala de los Abencerrajes across from it, it consists of a large square space covered by an elaborate muqarnas dome, with two small side chambers on either side. The muqarnas dome is set within an eight-sided cupola pierced with two windows on each side. The dome has a diameter of 8 meters, making it the second-largest dome in the Alhambra. The transitional zones between the octagonal cupola and the square chamber are occupied by muqarnas sculpting, much like in the Sala de los Abencerrajes. The dome is considered of the most magnificent muqarnas domes in Islamic art. The muqarnas composition, which consists of at least 5000 prismatic pieces, unfolds from the central summit into sixteen miniature domes right above the level of the windows. The upper walls of the hall are also covered in intricate stucco decoration, while the lower walls have preserved their original zellij tile decoration. Right above the tile decoration is an inscription band containing a 24-line poem by Ibn Zamrak which praises the hall's dome and makes reference to the Pleiades.
Even more so than the southern hall, this northern hall appears to have designed as its own independent residence. The side chambers on either side of the hall are accessed through single doorways and these chambers have their own smaller niche-like side chambers on their north side. An upper floor exists and wraps around the central hall, with a single arched window on each side of the hall providing a view from this floor to the hall below. As with the Sala de los Abencerrajes, an upper floor room above the entrance corridor also has windows overlooking the courtyard. The large wooden doors of the at the entrance of the hall are masterpieces of Nasrid-era carpentry. They were removed from their original location and are currently housed and displayed at the Alhambra Museum. Right behind the doorway is a small passage on the left leading to latrines and a small passage on the right leading to a staircase to the upper floor.
Mirador de Lindaraja
On the northern side of the Sala de Dos Hermanas is an arched doorway leading to a wide rectangular chamber known as the Sala de los Ajimeces ("Hall of the Mullioned Windows"). This chamber is covered by a long rectangular muqarnas vault ceiling which is composed of multiple consecutive muqarnas domes blending into one another. On the north side of this hall is a small projecting room with double-arched windows on three sides which overlook the gardens below. This lookout chamber is known as the Mirador de Lindaraja. The Spanish word mirador denotes a belvedere or lookout, while the name Lindaraja is a corruption of Arabic 'Ayn Dar 'Aisha (). This small chamber has some of the most sophisticated stucco-carved decoration in the Alhambra, featuring arabesque, geometric, and epigraphic motifs with blind muqarnas arches framing the windows. The lower walls also have original mosaic tilework forming very fine Arabic inscriptions. One of the inscriptions around the window refers to the ruler's throne as the "caliphal throne" and describes the ruler (Muhammad V) as the "pupil" of the garden (referring either the garden below or to the adjoining hall). The mirador room is covered by a unique lantern vault ceiling consisting of a wooden lattice structure shaped into an interlacing geometric motif and filled with pieces of coloured glass. This ceiling is the only one of its kind in the Alhambra, but historical Arabic sources describe the existence of an even larger glass ceiling that was once present in the Mexuar palace.
Possible influences and symbolism
The overall form of the palace courtyard – an elongated rectangle with two halls facing each other at either end – is found in many earlier palaces in Al-Andalus, including other Nasrid palaces in the Alhambra (e.g. Comares Palace), and precedents for this type can be found as far back as the 10th century in Madinat al-Zahra (near Cordoba). The main innovation in the Palace of the Lions is the addition of two more halls facing each other across the courtyard's short axis and the accompanying extension of the columned portico to all four sides of the hall.
The presence of the four converging water channels in the floor of the courtyard is generally considered to be a symbolic representation of Paradise, which in both Muslim and Christian traditions is described as having four rivers. This arrangement may have drawn on the tradition of the Persian chahar bagh – a garden divided along its central axes into four symmetrical parts – while combining it with the classical peristyle tradition (a portico or arcade surrounding a courtyard). Gardens with a chahar bagh-type quadripartite division are also known in many earlier monuments in both Al-Andalus and North Africa, where they are often known as a riad (or riyad). The star-like shape of the elaborate muqarnas dome in the Hall of the Abencerrajes (on the south side of the courtyard) may also symbolize the celestial heaven, as suggested by a poem by Ibn Zamrak that was originally inscribed on the walls. A similar comparison is made in the inscriptions of the northern Hall of the Two Sisters.
According to Robert Irwin, the architecture and decoration of the Palace of the Lions was probably influenced by Marinid architecture in Fez (present-day Morocco), as Muhammad V spent his exile between 1359 and 1362 living in Fez under the protection of the Marinid court and he built the palace after this upon his return to Granada. Irwin further notes that the decoration of the palace resembles that of Marinid madrasas in Fez. Jonathan Bloom also remarks that the design differences between the Palace of the Lions and earlier Nasrid palaces does not appear to be a "linear development" and that Muhammad V's time in Fez may be a factor in this evolution.
See also
Lambrequin arch
References
Citations
Sources
Alhambra (Spain)
Courtyards
Buildings and structures completed in the 14th century
14th century in Al-Andalus
Nasrid architecture |
4027151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfield%20Quarles | Greenfield Quarles | Greenfield Quarles (April 1, 1847 – January 14, 1921) was a Confederate States Army and United States Army soldier, judge, and one of the founders of the Sigma Nu fraternity.
Early life
Born in Christian County, Kentucky, his family moved to Arkansas in 1851. Quarles was a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute and during his time, along with James Frank Hopkins and James McIlvaine Riley founded the Sigma Nu Fraternity. In 1873, Quarles married his wife Ida Gist and had a daughter. In his early professional life, Quarles was a public servant having been elected a first district prosecuting attorney, a county judge, and probate judge.
Military service
Quarles served in the Confederate States Army during the civil war as a Private. After the war, he became a charter member of Camp Cawley of the United Confederate Veterans of Helena, Arkansas.
During the Spanish–American War, Quarles volunteered with the Arkansas Volunteer Infantry (Arkansas State Guard and the Spanish–American War) when called upon by the United States Army as a Major. Quarles did not participate in any battles in Cuba during the war.
During World War I, Quarles served as a special agent to the United States Government.
Death
Quarles died at his home in Helena, Arkansas.
References
External links
1847 births
1921 deaths
County judges in Arkansas
People from Christian County, Kentucky
People from Helena, Arkansas
Sigma Nu founders |
4027164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuya%20Yagira | Yuya Yagira | is a Japanese actor. In 2004, he became the youngest winner of the Best Actor award in the history of the Cannes Film Festival for his portrayal of 12-year-old Akira in the highly acclaimed Nobody Knows.
Career
Yagira was 12 years old and not a professional actor, when filming began for Nobody Knows in 2002. He then immediately went on to television projects and other films. He co-starred with Eriko Sato in Akane Yamada's All to the Sea which was released in 2010 and co-starred with Kie Kitano in Taro Hyugaji's Under the Nagasaki Sky, released in 2013. Asakusa kid
Personal life
He was hospitalized on August 29, 2008 for a drug overdose, with early reports calling it a suicide attempt. Yagira later denied that he had been trying to kill himself, noting that he was the one who called an ambulance after he began feeling ill from taking the pills. According to his blog:
On January 15, 2010, Yuya Yagira married TV personality Ellie Toyota at Tokyo's Meiji Shrine. They had registered their marriage on January 14.
Brand Endorsements
In 2018, Yagira became the brand ambassador for Japanese men's grooming brand GATSBY. He starred in the TV Commercial "GATSBY Cop", together with popular Japanese actor Mackenyu Arata.
Filmography
Television
Kunimitsu no Matsuri (KTV, 2003), Shinsaku Sakagami
Denchi ga Kireru Made (TV Asahi, 2004), Daichi Takano
Tokyo23: Survival City (WOWOW, 2010), Noboru Arai
Lady: Saigo no Hanzai Profile, episodes 4, 5 (TBS, 2011), Satoshi Tatsumi
Galileo XX (Fuji TV, 2013), Kento Tōma
Aoi Honō (TV Tokyo, 2014), Moyuru Honoo
Nobunaga Concerto, episode 1 (Fuji TV, 2014), Oda Nobuyuki
Nurses of the Palace (TBS, 2015), Kōtarō Nakano
Mare (NHK, Asadora, 2015), Daisuke Ikehata
We're Millennial Got a Problem? (NTV, 2016), Maribu Michigami
The Brave Yoshihiko and The Seven Driven People (TV Tokyo, 2016), Yuusha Yoshihiko
Naotora: The Lady Warlord (NHK, Taiga Drama, 2017), Ryūun-maru
Mom, May I Quit Being Your Daughter? (NHK, 2017), Taichi Matsushima
Frankenstein's Love (NTV, 2017), Seiya Inaniwa
Gintama: Mitsuba hen (dTV, 2017), Toshiro Hijikata
Gintama of the Unusual (dTV, 2018), Toshiro Hijikata
From Today, It's My Turn, episode 3 (NTV, 2018), Moyuru Honoo
A Day-Off of Kasumi Arimura, episode 4 (Wowow, 2020), Kevin Takeda
Gift of Fire (NHK, 2020), Osamu Ishimura
Pay to Ace (NTV, 2021), Kurodo Kuroki
Film
Nobody Knows (2004), Akira Fukushima
Shining Boy and Little Randy (2005)
Sugar and Spice (2006), Shiro Yamashita
The Bandage Club (2007)
The Shock Labyrinth 3D (2009)
All to the Sea (2010)
Under the Nagasaki Sky (2013), Goro Sawada
Unforgiven (2013), Yuichi Hirose
Again (2013), Ryutaro
Crows Explode (2014), Toru Gora
Ushijima the Loan Shark 2 (2014), Ebinuma
Saiga no Inochi (2014), Keito Myose
Gassoh (2015), Kiwamu Akitsu
Destruction Babies (2016), Taira Ashihara
Hentai Kamen: Abnormal Crisis (2016), Tadashi Makoto
Pink and Gray (2016), Shingo Suzuki
Ninkyo Yaro (2016)
Grab the Sun (2016)
Gintama (2017), Toshiro Hijikata
Samurai's Promise (2018), Chiri Tsubaki
Hibiki (2018), Kohei Tanaka
Gintama 2 (2018), Toshiro Hijikata
His Lost Name (2019), Shichi
The Fable (2019), Kojima
Don't Cry, Mr. Ogre (2019), Tomoyuki Saito
Doraemon: Nobita's Chronicle of the Moon Exploration (2019)
From Today, It's My Turn the Movie (2020), Eiji Yanagi
Hokusai (2021), Hokusai Katsushika (young)
Gift of Fire (2021), Osamu Ishimura
Under the Turquoise Sky (2021), Takeshi
Asakusa Kid (2021), Takeshi Kitano
The Fish Tale (2022), Hiyo
Awards
2004: 57th Cannes Film Festival - Best Actor for Nobody Knows
2004: 90th Kinema Junpo Award - Best New Actor for Nobody Knows
2005: 26th Yokohama Film Festival - Best New Actor for Nobody Knows
2016: Drama Academy Awards - Best Supporting Actor for We're Millennials. Got a problem?
2017: 90th Kinema Junpo Award - Best Actor for Destruction Babies
2017: 38th Yokohama Film Festival - Best Actor for Destruction Babies
2022: 46th Elan d'or Awards - Newcomer of the Year
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
21st-century Japanese male actors
Japanese male child actors
Japanese male film actors
Male actors from Tokyo
People from Western Tokyo
Stardust Promotion artists
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor winners
Horikoshi High School alumni |
4027180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZCTU | ZCTU | ZCTU may mean:
Zambia Congress of Trade Unions
Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions |
4027198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20McIlvaine%20Riley | James McIlvaine Riley | James McIlvaine Riley (May 16, 1849 - May 6, 1911) is one of the founders of the Sigma Nu fraternity. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, he entered the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in the fall of 1866. Riley was a member of VMI's first baseball team in the fall of 1866, playing second base and eventually serving as the team's captain. While at VMI, James Frank Hopkins, Greenfield Quarles and Riley became close friends and founded Sigma Nu fraternity. Riley was elected the first Commander (or President) of the chapter at VMI, and served as the first Regent of Sigma Nu fraternity, a position he held for ten years. He died at age 61 and is buried in a plot in Bellefontaine Cemetery near the St. Louis Alumni chapter.
External links
References
1849 births
1911 deaths
Virginia Military Institute alumni
People from St. Louis
Burials at Bellefontaine Cemetery
Sigma Nu founders |
4027200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Student%20Badminton%20Tournament | International Student Badminton Tournament | International Student Badminton Tournament (ISBT) is a badminton tournament organised for students, by students. They take place all over Europe, in countries including Austria, England, France, Germany, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia and Scotland. ISBTs promote both the sport of badminton and the social aspect of the game.
ISBTs are open to all standards of player. Many of the student tournaments allow recent graduates to enter under their former clubs or as graduate teams. The players are divided into 4 categories - A (national to top regional standard), B (regional to top club standard), C (club standard) and D (recreational standard). Each player competes in two out of the three disciplines: singles, doubles and mixed doubles. Each match consists of 2 games, so that the result is either a 2-0 win, 0-2 loss or 1-1 draw.
The tournaments are usually 3 to 4 days long and consist of playing badminton during the day and partying at night. Competitors often sleep in the same sports hall where the matches are played and are typically woken up in the morning to the sound of themed music and announcements of the first match of the day. A good example of such a wake up song is "Guten Morgen Sonnenschein" by Nana Mouskouri, however, in the UK and Ireland, accommodation is arranged by the teams themselves. In the event that a player does not turn up for a match, their opponent will receive a walk-over and full points. ISBTs are almost always themed, with a fancy dress party on the last night. Past themes include
Wild West
70's
Seven Deadly Sins & Seven Heavenly Virtues
3
Hollywood
The 'Swiss ladder' system is used to rank the players. This means that players compete against others who have had similar results in previous games. A player does not normally play the same opposition twice. After the last round has been played either the player at the top of the table is the named the winner, or there is a play-off between the top two pairs of the division. Players do not enter with a set partner. Each player will be allocated a partner at random from the same section they have entered. This is to even out each section and also highlight the social aspects of these tournaments.
ISBTs have grown rapidly in popularity over the last few years. One of the largest ISBTs on record was the 2008 Irish ISBT that took place in Limerick, Republic of Ireland, at which over 250 players from all over Europe participated.
Team Newcastle (or otherwise known as Newcastle Old Boys) are the most successful franchise in the tournament history. They have won the team trophy, awarded for the best averaged individual player results, 5 times between 2002 and 2015.
International Solibad Badminton Tournament
In June 2013, London hosted the first annual International Solibad Badminton Tournament. The familiar ISBT format is applied, but this tournament is open to all adults, with the student focus being replaced by a charitable focus, raising awareness for the Solibad charity and including fundraising elements.
Upcoming ISBTs
2019
ISBT Enschede - Enschede, The Netherlands, 29 December 2019 - 1 January 2020, https://rb.gy/fdb5ab
2020
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 27 - 29 March 2020, register here
Previous ISBTs
2019
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 29 - 31 March 2019
2018
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 23 - 25 March 2018
ISBT Enschede - Enschede, The Netherlands, 29 – 31 December
2017
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 24 - 26 March 2017
2016
ISBT London - London, UK, 25–26 June 2016
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 19–20 March 2016
2015
ISBT Amsterdam - Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 9–10 May 2015
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 21–22 March 2015
2014
ISBT Enschede - Enschede, Netherlands, 28 December - 1 January 2015
ISBT Limerick - Limerick, Ireland, 25–27 October 2014
ISBT London - London, UK, 21–22 June 2014
ISBT Amsterdam - Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2–4 May 2014
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 8–9 March 2014
TTST 2014 - Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 31 January - 2 February
2013
ISBT Enschede - Enschede, Netherlands, 29–31 December
ISBT Ireland - Limerick, Ireland, 26–28 October
ISBT London (International Solibad Badminton Tournament) - London, England, 29–30 June
ISBT Maastricht - Maastricht, The Netherlands, 28–30 June
ISBT Amsterdam - Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 16–19 May
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 15–17 March
Victor TTST Rotterdam - Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1–3 February
2012
TTST Rotterdam - Rotterdam, Netherlands, 3–5 February
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, Netherlands, 16–18 March
The Granite City ISBT - Aberdeen, Scotland, 4–7 April
ISBT Amsterdam - Amsterdam, Netherlands, 12–13 May
ISBT Maastricht - Maastricht, Netherlands, 22–24 June
ISBT Ireland - Limerick, Ireland, 27–29 October
ISBT Enschede - Enschede, Netherlands, 29–31 December
2011
ISBT Enschede - Enschede, Netherlands, 28 December – 1 January 2012
ISBT Ireland - Limerick, Ireland, 29–31 October
ISBT Tønsberg - Tønsberg, Norway, 10 – 14 August
ISBT Maastricht - Maastricht, The Netherlands, 24 – 26 June
ISBT Amsterdam - Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 7 – 8 May
ISBT Paris - Paris, France, 22 – 24 April
ISBT Aberdeen - Aberdeen, Scotland, 20 – 23 April
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 19 – 20 March
TTST Rotterdam - Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 5 – 6 February
ISBT Galway (GSBT) - Galway, Ireland, 21 – 23 January
2010
ISBT Enschede - Enschede, The Netherlands, 28 – 31 December
ISBT Pilsen - Plzeň, Czech Republic, 5 – 7 November
ISBT Ireland - Limerick, Ireland, 22 – 25 October
ISBT Tilburg - Tilburg, The Netherlands, 16 – 17 October
ISBT Norway - Tønsberg, Norway, 11 – 15 August
ISBT Maastricht - Maastricht, The Netherlands, 26 – 27 June
ISBT Amsterdam - Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 8 – 9 May
ISBT Poland - Warsaw, Poland, 1 – 2 May
ISBT Cologne - Köln, Germany, 2 – 5 April
ISBT Aberdeen - Aberdeen, Scotland, 1 – 3 April
ISBT Utrecht - Utrecht, The Netherlands, 20 – 21 March
TTST Rotterdam - Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 6 – 7 February
2009
ISBT Enschede - Enschede, The Netherlands, 29 – 31 December
2008
ISBT Berlin - Berlin, Germany, 10 – 12 May
ISBT Linz - Linz, Austria, 22 – 24 March
References
External links
ISBT Amsterdam
ISBT Berlin (last edition in 2008)
ISBT Cologne (last edition in 2010)
ISBT Enschede
ISBT Ireland
ISBT Linz (last edition in 2008)
ISBT Maastricht
ISBT Norway
ISBT Paris
ISBT Pilsen
TTST Rotterdam
ISBT Tilburg
ISBT Utrecht
ISBT Enschede
Badminton tournaments
European international sports competitions
European student competitions
Student sports competitions |
4027201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdagno | Valdagno | Valdagno is a town and comune in the province of Vicenza, north-eastern Italy. The town was the birthplace of the textile manufacturing company Marzotto, and home to the Italian hotel chain "Jolly Hotels"
Geography
The town extends along the river Agno, from which Valdagno takes its name, and the homonymous valley surrounded by hills; the Piccole Dolomiti and the Alti Lessini. The presence of the river Agno influenced both the town origins and its development; in particular, it provided water to the population, increasing industrial activities especially in the textile area. The valley has a west–east orientation, allowing wind currents from the Adriatic Sea to cause climate consequences.
The municipal area is split by the SP. 246 road, which provides links to the north with Recoaro Terme and to the south with Cornedo Vicentino. The historical town centre is seen as a reference point by the entirety of the community.
Etymology of the name
The word "Valdagno" is the union of the sentence "valle dell'Agno", meaning "valley of the Agno". According to historian Giovanni Mantese, the name originated from the Latin Vallis Alnei, meaning "valley of ontano".
History
The town has been known to exist from the year 861. It is first mentioned in an 1184 document when it was a fief given by the Vicenza bishop to the Trissino family.
Two castles were erected on two opposite hills, one being named the Valdagno castle and the other the Panisacco Castle. However the Vicenza comune started very soon to contend it to the Trissino family, who in turn joined forces with Scaligers to defend it.
In 1291, in the course of the war with Verona, the Republic of Venice occupied Valdagno and kept it until 1340. In 1377 it was pillaged by Bernabò Visconti and in 1404 it went back to the Venetians. From 1434 to 1439 it was occupied by the Visconti family and then re-annexed to Venice by Gian Giorgio Trissino.
Between 1510 and 1514 it suffered repeated destruction by the armies of Maximilian I, during the War of the League of Cambrai. Starting from 1797, with the fall of the Republic of Venice, Valdagno fell under French and Austrian rule. It was annexed to the newly created Kingdom of Italy in 1866.
Valdagno is the birthplace of Gaetano Marzotto, a pioneer of the textile industry and founder of the Marzotto, which allowed Valdagno to become an industrial centre.
Places of interest
The historical centre
The majority of the town layout is from the 18th century, in particular from the period of the Republic of Venice.
The 16th century ex-convent Santa Maria delle Grazie is reached by entering Valdagno from Regina Margerita street and heading towards the historic centre. A short walk from the ex convent is Villa Valle, where the once called Orsini-Marzotto, now Centro Culturale Comunale "Gaetano Marzotto", is in charge of curating a municipal modern art gallery and public library. Because of its cultural and artistic value, Villa Valle is considered the most important villa of Valdagno. The honour hall is a wide area uniting different areas of the villa, according to classical Venetian architecture; its height is equivalent of that of two floors, and is lit by twelve openings in the ceiling. The hall is enriched by four doors with triangular pediments, where two images are sculpted representing the seasons and the four vital elements: earth, fire, water and air. On the two shortest sides of the hall, two wooden galleries can be seen connecting the two wings in the first floor of the villa. Other places of interest in the vicinity of Villa Valle are:
Villa Gajanigo Barbieri, a neoclassical façade villa only visible through a fence. It was designed in the late 18th century by architect Carlo Barrera.
Villa Zanuso, now Villa Fontanari, built in the second half of the 19th century.
Duomo
The Duomo of St. Clemente (18th century) is located on the right bank of the river Agno. On the furthest back wall of the sacristy is positioned the big Ancona of Saint Clemente, a stone polyptych carrying the date "1445". The Duomo also holds nine valuable Veronese ringing style bells in C3.
Sport
The town has a football team, F.C. Valdagno and is home to the rink hockey team Isello Hockey Valdagno.
Gallery
Twin towns
Prien am Chiemsee, Germany, since 1987
References
External links
Valdagno History
Hockey Valdagno
Cities and towns in Veneto |
4027205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton%20L.%20Wood | Milton L. Wood | Milton LeGrand Wood III (August 21, 1922 – July 16, 2015) was a bishop suffragan in the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta from 1967 to 1974.
Background
Wood was born in Selma, Alabama, on August 21, 1922, to Milton Wood Sr. and Roberta Hawkins Wood. He attended the University of the South, receiving his bachelor's degree and later his Master of Divinity, graduating in 1945. Bishop Carpenter of the Episcopal Diocese of Alabama ordained him as a deacon on November 18, 1945, in St. John's Episcopal Church (Montgomery, Alabama), and later as a priest on August 24, 1946. In 1949, Milton Wood married Ann Scott.
In 1963, Bishop Randolph Royall Claiborne Jr. of the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta called Father Wood to serve as Canon to the Ordinary. He also served as rector of All Saints' Church, Atlanta, Georgia for eight years, having also served at the Appleton Home in Macon, Georgia. In 1967 he was elected bishop suffragan to assist Bishop Claiborne. He served in that capacity until 1974 when he was called to New York City to serve as the executive for administration at the Episcopal Church Center. He retired in 1984 and died in 2015 at Montgomery, Alabama at the age of 92.
Consecrators
John Elbridge Hines, 22nd presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church USA
Charles C. J. Carpenter, 6th bishop of Alabama
Randolph Royall Claiborne Jr., 5th bishop of Atlanta
N.B.: 625th bishop consecrated in the Episcopal Church.
References
Atlanta Diocese Centennial History page on Bishop Wood.
The Episcopal Church Annual. Morehouse Publishing: New York, NY (2005).
Notes
1922 births
2015 deaths
People from Selma, Alabama
20th-century American Episcopalians
Episcopal bishops of Atlanta |
4027214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Center%20for%20Data%20Mining | National Center for Data Mining | The National Center for Data Mining (NCDM) is a center of the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), established in 1998 to serve as a resource for research, standards development, and outreach for high performance and distributed data mining and predictive modeling.
NCDM won the High Performance Bandwidth Challenge at SuperComputing '06 in Tampa, FL and recently demonstrated the use of UDP Data Transport.
External links
National Center for Data Mining
SC06 Bandwidth Challenge Results
University of Illinois Chicago |
4027223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisciotta | Pisciotta | Pisciotta is an Italian town and comune of the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania.
History
According to legend, Trojans escaping from the fire and the destruction of their city, Troy, founded Siris. Some of the inhabitants of the city later advanced westwards, following the vast valley of the Sinni river, up to the lake and to the Sirino mountain (from which they took the name), near present-day Lagonegro, where they founded the city of Siruci (now called Seluce). From here, they went to the Tyrrhenian Sea, on the beach of the Gulf of Policastro. Here they founded the colony of Pixous. This event is shown in a rare series of ancient coins, in archaic characters, with the names of Sirinos and Pixoes inscribed, referring respectively, to the populations of the two cities of Siris and Pixous, respectively. The name "Pixous" comes from the root "PYX", which derives from the Greek word for boxwood (present in the coat of arms of Pisciotta town hall).
In the year 194 BC, the Greek word pixous became corrupted to the Latin Buxentum.
In AD 915, when the town was plundered and burnt by the Saracens of Agropoli, the town's name had already changed to Policastro. Many of the fleeing Bussetani went beyond the promontory of Palinuro, where they founded a small village that they called Pixoctum, in memory of their lost town. Over the years the name had changed many times - Pixocta, then Pissocta, then Pichotta and finally Pisciotta.
The name of Pisciotta is found in the Catalogus Baronum (1144). The year 1464 marked for the country a very important development, when the survivors of Molpa, following the destruction of their village, were sheltered in Pisciotta. Until the abolition of feudality in 1806, Pisciotta was owned by the Caracciolos (1270), the Sanseverinos (15th century), the Pappacodas (from 1590).
Beginning in 1996 (or so) Pisciotta became host for a summer study-abroad program conducted through SUNY Purchase College.
Geography
Located on a hill above the coastline of Cilento and its port and marina, Pisciotta lies on the national highway 447 between Ascea and Palinuro. The municipality borders with Ascea, Centola and San Mauro La Bruca; and counts the hamlets (frazioni) of Caprioli, Marina di Pisciotta and Rodio.
Twin towns
Hazleton, United States
See also
Cilentan dialect
Cilentan Coast
Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
References
External links
Cities and towns in Campania
Localities of Cilento |
4027258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gufs | The Gufs | The Gufs are an American pop and rock band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The band's latest album A Different Sea was released on October 17, 2006. Their first single from the album was "Beautiful Disaster", which was the #2 unsigned artist download in October 2006 at the website www.purevolume.com.
The Gufs are best known for their songs "Smile" and "Crash (into Me)".
To celebrate their twentieth anniversary in 2008, The Gufs played a series of four free concerts with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra in June.
History
The Gufs began as an eastside Milwaukee band in 1988, with University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee students Goran Kralj and Scott Schwebel. Kralj and Schwebel, roommates and teammates on UWM's soccer team, recruited Kralj's younger brother, Dejan Kralj (still in high school in Northwestern Indiana), and high school friend Tony Luna, to round-off the quartet on bass and lead guitar. The band took their name from a place where a baby's soul comes from before the child is born, a phrase used in the Demi Moore film The Seventh Sign. After a few years of playing local eastside Milwaukee bars, the band lineup changed, as Luna left in 1990 to pursue a career in sound engineering, opening the way for Marquette University student and Milwaukee native Morgan Dawley to fill the vacancy. The band soon gained momentum, performing more frequently throughout Milwaukee. The band also featured percussionist Brian Pettit on all of their albums up to their Atlantic Records Release of "The Gufs." After the album release and tour, Brian left the band to pursue other interests.
The band took second place at a battle of the bands at Marquette University in 1991.
The band released several independent label records and gained increasing exposure nationwide on college radio before being signed by Atlantic Records. The Gufs' tour with Matchbox Twenty resulted in Rob Thomas singing backup on the song "Give Back Yourself" on their Holiday from You album. The band broke up in 1999 after being disillusioned with the music industry and after feeling like Atlantic wasn't promoting the album properly.
The Gufs got back together in 2006 and released the album A Different Sea. They released the song "A Beautiful Disaster" and went on a national tour. The Gufs have often played Summerfest throughout their career.
Members
Goran Kralj - lead singer
Dejan Kralj - bass guitar
Morgan Dawley - lead guitar and backup vocals
Scott Schwebel - drums
Discography
Albums
Live albums
Singles
"Smile" was included on the compilation CDs Sounds of the Leisure Class Records: Midwest Collection, and WIIL Rock 95.1 Live. "Smile" was also remixed into a techno trance song at one point in the late 1990s, and recorded acoustic "Give Back Yourself" was included on the compilation CD Aware Compilation, Vol. 7.
References
[ www.allmusic.com list of albums (caution:several release dates reflect major label re-release dates)]
American pop music groups
Rock music groups from Wisconsin
Musical groups established in 1988
Atlantic Records artists |
4027260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Kingsbury%20Simkhovitch | Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch | Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch (September 8, 1867 – November 15, 1951) was an American city planner and social worker.
Biography
She was born in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts to Laura Davis Holmes (1839-1932) and Isaac Franklin Kingsbury (1841-1919). She graduated from Newton High School in 1886 and received her B.A. from Boston University, where she had been a member of Phi Beta Kappa, in 1890. During college she performed volunteer work in a teenage girls' club at Boston's St. Augustine's Episcopal Church, an African American congregation, and at "St. Monica's Home for old colored women." After graduation she taught Latin in the Somerville, Massachusetts High School for two years. In 1894 she started a year of graduate school at Radcliffe College. Two Boston organizations, the Church of the Carpenter, a Christian Socialist church founded by W. D. P. Bliss, and Denison House, a settlement house run by Helena Dudley, had a lasting influence on Simkhovitch. She visited black and immigrant families in Boston’s tenement slums, observed and documented their poverty, and became aware of the power and wealth of the city’s slumlords. In 1895 she attended the University of Berlin on a scholarship from the Women's Educational and Industrial Union. Her mother accompanied her to Europe in the summer of 1895 and stayed in Berlin while school was in session. It was there that Mary met and became engaged to Vladimir Simkhovitch (1874-1959), a Russian student of economics. During the summer of 1896 she and her friend Emily Greene Balch, the future Nobel Peace Prize winner, attended the International Socialist Trade Union Congress in London.
After London she attended Columbia University where she worked with Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and James Harvey Robinson and boarded with the writer Anne O'Hagan Shinn.
In 1902, she and others founded the Greenwich House, a settlement house in Greenwich Village in New York City. In 1905, she was a member of the Committee of Fourteen that was seeking to reduce prostitution in New York City.
Death
She died on November 15, 1951 in New York City.
Archive
Her papers are archived at Harvard.
Publications
The Red Festival (1934)
See also
Settlement house
References
External links
Mary K. Simkhovitch Papers. Schlesinger Library , Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
1867 births
1951 deaths
American social workers
American women writers
Boston University alumni
Radcliffe College alumni
American urban planners
Women urban planners
Columbia University alumni |
4027264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowjacket%20%28Charlton%20Comics%29 | Yellowjacket (Charlton Comics) | Yellowjacket is a fictional super-hero, and the first to be published by the company that would become Charlton Comics. He first appeared in Yellowjacket Comics #1 (September 1944).
Publication history
Yellowjacket starred in his own title, Yellowjacket Comics, which was published for ten issues from 1944 to 1946. There was no artist or writer credited for the stories. These ten issues were published by "E. Levy/Frank Comunale", which later became Charlton. When the title was renamed Jack in the Box, Yellowjacket appeared in the first issue, #11. He also appeared in TNT Comics #1, which was published by "Charles Publications".
Due to copyright laws at the time of his inception, Yellowjacket lapsed into the public domain on the 28th anniversary of his initial published appearance.
Yellowjacket finally makes his DC Comics debut in Grant Morrison's The Multiversity series. He is the first superhero on Earth 4, as well as the father of the President of the United States on that Earth.
Fictional character biography
Yellowjacket's secret identity is crime writer and amateur beekeeper Vince Harley. After a group of jewel robbers attempted to kill him by pouring a box of yellowjackets on him, he found that he had gained the ability to control the insects, and used that ability to fight crime while wearing a yellow costume with a black and yellow striped cape resembling the markings of a bee.
According to Jess Nevins' Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes, "he fights ordinary criminals, insane surgeons, foreign agents, and mad architects".
References
External links
Yellowjacket's page at International Superheroes
A Hero History Of Yellowjacket
Yellowjacket (1944) at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015.
Charlton Comics superheroes
Charlton Comics titles
Golden Age superheroes
Fictional writers
1944 comics debuts
Comics characters introduced in 1944
American comics characters
American superheroes
Public domain comics
Golden Age comics titles
Vigilante characters in comics |
4027276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20Hassan%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201975%29 | Ahmed Hassan (footballer, born 1975) | Ahmed Hassan (; born 2 May 1975) is an Egyptian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or on the right wing. He is the third most capped international male footballer in history, having made 184 appearances for the Egypt national team. Hassan is regarded as one of the best players in African football history.
Club career
Early career
Ahmed Hassan started his professional football career as a right-back at Aswan Club in the Egyptian lower divisions. After one season there, he moved to the more successful Ismaily. He was 20 when he was selected for the first time to play in the Egyptian national team's friendly match against Ghana on 29 December 1995. After his impressive performances with the Egyptian national team in the African Cup of Nations 1998, including scoring a goal from a long range shot against South Africa in the final that helped the squad win the tournament, Hassan joined Turkish side Kocaelispor at the age of 22. In 2000, he was transferred to Denizlispor before joining his Egyptian international teammate Abdel-Zaher El-Saqua in 2001 when he moved to Gençlerbirliği. Following three successful seasons with the club, during which the team twice made the Turkish Cup Final, he moved to Beşiktaş where he was a first team regular as well as a regular on the team's scoring sheet. He particularly impressed manager Jean Tigana who, despite being known for selecting younger players for his first team, still regarded the 30-year-old Hassan a key player of the squad. Tigana stated that "Hassan is a hardworking player who is quick and talented."
Anderlecht
After Hassan was named "Best Player of the African Cup of Nations 2006" he met Ziyad Abou Chair who gave him licence to play in foreign countries, Fulham, Rangers, Newcastle United, and Espanyol were reportedly interested in signing him. However, he chose to move to R.S.C. Anderlecht, the Belgian First Division champions, on a free transfer after choosing not to extend his contract with Beşiktaş, which ended in 2006. Hassan joined Anderlecht due to its automatic qualification to the UEFA Champions League and became an important part of the Anderlecht attack, setting up and scoring goals himself. His position in the midfield was in front of Lucas Biglia and Jan Polák, just behind the strikers Serhat Akin and Nicolas Frutos. In the 2007–08 season, he stated that that season would be his last for Anderlecht. His family had already returned to Egypt, and he followed them there.
Return to Egypt
Ahmed Hassan chose to move to Egyptian club Al Ahly to end his career in Egypt, signing a three-year contract as of May 2008. He scored in his first competitive match against legendary rival Zamalek, in the opening of the CAF Champions League, from a long-range free-kick. In September 2010 he suffered a career-threatening injury in an African Cup of Nations qualifier against Sierra Leone that would keep him away from the fields for six months.
On 19 July 2011, Hassan signed with Ahly's bitter rivals Zamalek to a two-year contract as a free transfer after his contract with Ahly expired. On 20 September 2011, Hassan made his official debut with Zamalek in a cup match against Wadi Degla giving a phenomenal performance and scoring two goals and helping his team defeat Degla 4–1 and qualify to the next round. When the league was stopped in February due to the Port Said Stadium disaster, Hassan had played in all 15 games for Zamalek finishing as top scorer of the team with 7 goals. He then scored in a CAF Champions League match against Moroccan Maghreb Fez with a header in the 81st minute. On 16 January Hassan scored in a friendly against Ukrainian giants FC Shakhtar Donetsk.
International career
Hassan has played in eight Africa Cup of Nations tournaments for Egypt, winning the tournament four times, in 1998, 2006, 2008 and 2010. In the 2006 tournament, he was named captain and scored four goals in six matches, the second-highest individual goal tally in that year's tournament. He was named best player of the tournament after winning his second title and Egypt's fifth, a feat he repeated in 2010 at the age of 34. In 2008, Hassan captained Egypt to their sixth Africa Cup of Nations victory. Ahmed Hassan is one of a number of players who have earned more than 100 international caps for Egypt, and is currently the third most capped male player for any country. He also holds the record for most Africa Cup of Nations won by any player in history.
Hassan broke Hossam Hassan's appearance record with his 170th cap for Egypt on 25 January 2010 in the Africa Cup of Nations quarter final against Cameroon. He had an eventful game: he headed an Achille Emaná corner into his own net (though Emana was credited with the goal); equalized from long range and claimed the final goal in a 3–1 win in extra time from a free-kick despite replays showing the ball did not cross the line. On 31 January 2010, Hassan picked up his fourth Africa Cup of Nations winners's medal as Egypt defeated Ghana 1–0 in the final.
In November 2011, Hassan played his 178th game for Egypt in a friendly against Brazil. In doing so he matched the record for international appearances. On 27 March 2012, Hassan started a friendly match against Kenya earning 184 international appearances.
Personal life
Hassan was selected as an ambassador for the Holland–Belgium 2018 or 2022 World Cup bid along with Ruud Gullit. Hassan was the honorary president of the 2015 edition of the SATUC Football Cup, an international football competition for refugees and orphans.
Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hassan goal.
Honours
Ismaily
Egypt Cup: 1997
Beşiktaş
Türkiye Kupası: 2005–06
Anderlecht
Belgian First Division: 2006–07
Belgian Cup: 2007–08
Belgian Super Cup: 2006, 2007
Al Ahly
Egyptian Premier League: 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
Egyptian Super Cup: 2008, 2010
CAF Champions League: 2008
African Super Cup: 2009
Zamalek
Egypt Cup: 2013
Egypt
African Cup of Nations: 1998, 2006, 2008, 2010
Individual
Africa Cup of Nations Best Player: 2006, 2010
African Inter-Club Player of the Year: 2010
Africa Cup of Nations Dream Team: 2006, 2010
See also
List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps
References
External links
SoccerEgypt.com
1975 births
Living people
Egyptian footballers
Association football midfielders
Association football utility players
Aswan SC players
Ismaily SC players
Kocaelispor footballers
Denizlispor footballers
Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers
Beşiktaş J.K. footballers
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
Al Ahly SC players
Zamalek SC players
Egyptian Premier League players
Süper Lig players
Belgian First Division A players
Egypt international footballers
1996 African Cup of Nations players
1998 African Cup of Nations players
1999 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2000 African Cup of Nations players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
2004 African Cup of Nations players
2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
Africa Cup of Nations-winning players
FIFA Century Club
Egyptian expatriate footballers
Egyptian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Egyptian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Egyptian football managers
Petrojet SC managers
Egyptian Premier League managers
People from Minya Governorate |
4027278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20Kodiak | Chevrolet Kodiak | The Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC TopKick are a range of medium duty trucks that were produced by the Chevrolet and GMC divisions of General Motors from 1980 to 2009. Introduced as a variant of the medium-duty C/K truck line, three generations were produced. Slotted between the C/K trucks and the GMC Brigadier Class 8 conventional, the Kodiak/TopKick were developed as a basis for vocationally-oriented trucks, including cargo haulers, dump trucks, and similar vehicles; on later generations, both cutaway and cowled-chassis variants were produced for bus use.
Following years of declining market share, General Motors (in line with Ford Motor Company) sought to exit heavy-truck manufacturing. After struggling to enter joint ventures or sell the rights to its product line, the company ended production of the Kodiak and TopKick in 2009. The final medium-duty truck, a GMC TopKick 5500, rolled out of Flint Truck Assembly on July 31, 2009.
For the 2019 model year, after a ten-year hiatus, General Motors re-entered the conventional medium-duty truck segment. Developed in a joint venture with Navistar International, the Chevrolet Silverado 4500/5500 is a Class 4-6 vehicle. Slightly smaller than the Kodiak/Topkick, the Silverado 4500/5500 is marketed exclusively as a Chevrolet (with no GMC counterpart).
First generation (1980–1989)
For 1980, General Motors introduced the Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC TopKick short-hood conventionals. Sharing the cab of the medium-duty C/K trucks, the hood length was shortened nearly 5 inches (reducing the BBC length to 92 inches); the hood length was also shorter than the Chevrolet Bruin/GMC Brigadier Class 8 conventionals.
Within the C/K series, the model line was designated as a Chevrolet C70/GMC C7000. The Kodiak followed the Chevrolet naming tradition of "frontier beast" names for heavy conventionals (Chevrolet Bison and the Chevrolet Bruin) while the TopKick was a military slang term (in line with the GMC Brigadier and GMC General). The model line was offered in single and tandem-axle configurations as both a straight truck and as a semitractor.
The C/K hood adopted the boxier shape of the 90-series Bruin/Brigadier; the change shifted the cab upward several inches. To optimize engine ventilation, the grille was enlarged (repositioning the headlights below the grille).
Following the withdrawal of Chevrolet from the Class 8 truck segment after 1980, the Kodiak became the largest truck offered by the Chevrolet division.
Second generation (1990–2002)
The second generation of the Chevrolet Kodiak/GMC TopKick was introduced for 1990. Under the GMT530 architecture, all GM medium-duty trucks were consolidated under the Kodiak/TopKick nomenclature, with C/K shifting to consumer-derived vehicles (pickup trucks). Following the 1986 joint venture between GM and Volvo, GMC ended production of the General, Astro, and Brigadier, leaving the Class 6-7 Kodiak/TopKick as the largest vehicles produced by GM.
In line with the previous generation, while designed with its own heavier-duty chassis, the cab of GMT530 trucks was derived from the GMT400 C/K pickup (introduced in 1988) to lower the costs of tooling. As before, two-door and four-door configurations were offered; a raised-roof cab became optional during the 1990s. Over its thirteen-year production run, the GMT530 platform underwent relatively few changes; as airbags were not required in medium-duty trucks, the 1988-design interior was retained through the entire production run. For 1997, GM replaced the Kodiak and TopKick badging with C5500-C8500 model names, bringing the medium-duty trucks in line with the rest of the C/K naming convention. As an option, a lower-profile "aerodynamic" hood became an option (not offered on severe-service or school bus applications).
In a break from the single engine offering of the first generation Kodiak/TopKick, GMT530 adopted the powertrain line of the 1973-1989 medium-duty C/K trucks. Gasoline engines were offered as standard equipment, with diesel engines as an option. The standard gasoline engine was a 6.0L fuel-injected V8, with an optional carbureted 7.0L V8 (replaced by a 7.4L V8 in 1991); in the mid-1990s, the 7.4 L became the standard gasoline engine. In 2002, the 7.4-liter V8 was replaced by the 8.1-liter Vortec V8 (the highest-displacement V8 ever offered in a production vehicle by Chevrolet). In place of the Caterpillar 3208 V8 diesel used in the first generation Kodiak/TopKick, the GMT530 trucks offered the Caterpillar 3116 inline-six with . This was upgraded to produce beginning with the 1991 model year. The Caterpillar 3126 inline-six was introduced as an optional diesel engine in 1997.
After GM ended production of the GMT530 for the US market after 2002, production for Mexico continued in Toluca, Mexico, through 2008. From 1995 to 2001, the GMT530 was assembled in Brazil using components imported from Mexico, built to Mexican specifications. All Brazil-market examples were produced with the Caterpillar 3116 diesel engine. In Brazil, the trucks were badged according to their GMVR (in metric tons) and rounded horsepower output (12-170 for 12 tons-170 hp, 14-190 for 14 tons-190 hp, and 16-220 for 16 tons-220 hp).
In May 2021, the final GMT530-based vehicle built at the Janesville plant was put up for auction. The 2002 GMC C8500 tandem-axle dump truck was owned and operated by the city of Janesville for nearly 20-years prior to the sale. The vehicle bore the signatures of numerous former employees of the plant.
Third generation (2003–2010)
For 2003, General Motors released the third-generation Chevrolet Kodiak/GMC TopKick under the GMT560 architecture. As General Motors felt the two names had better marketplace recognition, the medium-duty truck line was released under the previous Kodiak/TopKick nameplates, with Cx500 as a secondary part of the nomenclature. Showcased as part of the redesign was a change in the design layout of the Kodiak/TopKick. To better compete with the better-selling International DuraStar and Freightliner Business Class M2 medium-duty truck ranges, the GMT560 trucks switched to a vertically-oriented cab configuration to allow for a lower cab floor, increased cab space, and better entry and exit. Derived from the Chevrolet Express/GMC Savana full-size van, the cab was produced in two-door and four-door configurations (as the commercial trucks had a GVWR of over 8500 pounds, they were produced without airbags).
During its production, the GMT560 was produced with few changes. With the exception of grilles, Kodiaks and TopKicks are nearly identical; depending on trim, versions are produced with either two or four headlights. Carried over from the previous generation, the GMT560 chassis was produced in Class 5-7 configurations, in C4500, C5500, C6500, and C7500 models. Effectively, a successor to the GMC Brigadier, a tandem-axle C8500 model was introduced (with up to a 46,000-lb GVWR).
On the GMT560 Kodiak/TopKick, the powertrain configuration was derived from the model specification. On C4500/C5500s, an 8.1L V8 was carried over from the previous generation, with a 6.6L Duramax V8 diesel replacing the Caterpillar 3116. Diesel engines were standard on C6500s and up, with the 7.8L Duramax LG4 inline-6 as standard, with a 7.2L Caterpillar C7 (a redesigned Caterpillar 3126) offered as an option.
GMT560 four-wheel drive
In 2005, GM added four-wheel drive as a factory-installed option on C4500/C5500 Kodiak/TopKicks. In a break from GM truck naming tradition, the models did not adopt the "K" nomenclature, becoming the C4500/5500 4x4 model line. In place of independent front suspension (used on the 3500-series pickup trucks), the GMT560 4x4s used a solid front axle suspension. Powered by a 6.6L Duramax V8, the 4x4 used a 5-speed Allison 2000 series in 2005-2006 (replaced by a 6-speed Allison 2350 automatic) with a New Process 273C transfer case. 5.13:1 was the only axle gear ratio offered for 4x4 versions.
For 2007, GM introduced a heavier-duty 9000 lb spring and brake option package for the Dana 70HD front axle; rear axles (Dana S14-110L) were available in four sizes: 11,000 lb, 13,500 lb, 15,000 lb, and 19,000 lb (the latter two were options on two-wheel drive configurations).
Isuzu H-Series
For 2003, Isuzu released a conventional-cab truck, named the Isuzu H-Series. Intended largely for vocational use, the Isuzu H-Series was marketed as a competitor for the Hino 600 and Freightliner M2. Based on the Kodiak/TopKick C6500/C7500, the H-Series differed solely in its grille design, sharing the 7.8L Duramax inline-six with the C6500/7500 and the Chevrolet/GMC T6500/7500 (based on the Isuzu Forward).
As of current production, the H-Series is the first (and only) conventional-cab truck sold by Isuzu.
Discontinuation and replacement
In December 2007, GM announced its intention to sell its medium-duty truck business, including the Kodiak and TopKick, to Navistar International. In August 2008, both GM and Navistar announced that their memorandum of understanding for the purchase had expired and was not renewed.
After four years of working with multiple potential buyers, including an anticipated five-year deal with Isuzu Motors announced late in January 2009 to take over the production line in Flint, Michigan, General Motors decided to wind down its medium-duty truck operations. Production of the Chevy Kodiak and GMC TopKick medium duty trucks in Flint ceased on July 31, 2009.
Chevrolet Silverado HD (2019-present)
At the 2018 Work Truck Show in Indianapolis, Indiana, General Motors launched a new line of medium-duty trucks for the 2019 model year. Developed in a joint venture with Navistar International, Chevrolet launched the Chevrolet Silverado 4500HD, 5500HD, and 6500HD (for Classes 4,5, and 6, respectively). In the joint venture, the trucks are assembled by Navistar in its Springfield, Ohio facility; Navistar also markets the model line as the International CV.
In a shift from previous generations of GM commercial trucks, the Silverado 4500HD/5500HD/6500HD is sold with no GMC counterpart. Alongside with its dual branding by Navistar, General Motors is changing the market position of GMC, shifting it away from commercial fleet sales and focusing towards its premium Denali model lines. In another break from tradition, the Kodiak name was retired, as the Silverado name was expanded to nearly the entire Chevrolet truck range, with the exception of the Colorado mid-size pickup, the Express van, and the Low Cab Forward (Isuzu Elf/NPR).
Sharing its cab with the K2XX-generation Silverado, the medium-duty Silverado was designed with a dedicated chassis with a forward-tilting hood; both 4x2 and 4x4 configurations are produced. As of current production, the model line is offered with a 350 hp 6.6L Duramax turbodiesel V8; the engine is paired with an Allison automatic transmission.
Variants
School bus
Following in the tradition of its medium-duty C/K predecessor, the second-generation Kodiak/TopKick was utilized by General Motors to supply the school bus industry throughout its production run. In an unusual move at the time, starting in 1992, GM offered the Kodiak/TopKick solely to a single body manufacturer, Blue Bird Corporation from 1992 to 2002. While the GM chassis was not offered to other manufacturers, Blue Bird offered other available combinations (Ford B700, International 3800, and the later Freightliner FS65) for an additional price. The pairing of manufacturer and chassis supplier would become common through the 1990s in school bus manufacturing, but after 2002, General Motors would become unable to remain a chassis supplier. The Kodiak/TopKick school bus chassis is also notable for being one of the last full-size school bus chassis powered by a gasoline engine.
Pickup conversion
A special Kodiak C4500 was introduced at the 2006 Chicago Auto Show. Aimed at the International RXT (also introduced there), pricing was set at $70,000. The two shared a number of similarities, such as the options included in their premium packages (a powerful audio system and DVD-based navigation system). In comparison, the C4500 had higher power (300 hp versus 230 hp) while the RXT had a higher towing capacity at ; the C4500 was a 4x4 like the larger International CXT.
A conversion of the commercial GMC TopKick called the Ultimate Class IV TopKick Pickup crew cab pickup truck was developed by General Motors and Monroe Truck Equipment (MTE). This special version featured an steel dually pickup box and tailgate with custom composite side panels and protective Rhino interior lining. This vehicle served as the alternate mode for the character Ironhide in the first three Transformers films.
Cadillac One
Since 2009, the United States Presidential State Car has become labeled "Cadillac One" (in line with Air Force One and Marine One). As a result of its massive size (though officially classified, it is estimated to weigh between 15,000–20,000 pounds), it is also nicknamed "The Beast". Corresponding to its operation by the Secret Service, many details about the vehicle are classified. While its chassis specifications were never officially revealed by Cadillac or the Secret Service, during its development, the vehicle was seen in testing alongside GMT560 GMC TopKicks.
In place of previous limousines, the highly armored vehicle was not based upon a production Cadillac model line, instead wearing a body developed specifically for its use as a state car; externally, the vehicle used various components from several Cadillac model lines.
In 2018, the second generation of "Cadillac One" limousines entered service, again using the medium-duty GMT560 diesel truck chassis. Differing from its predecessor primarily by its adoption of contemporary Cadillac design elements, it is again not derived from a specific model line.
External links
Car and Driver road tests for the C4500.
References
Kodiak
Pickup trucks
School bus chassis
Tractor units
1980s cars
1990s cars
2000s cars
Class 5 truck
Class 6 truck
Class 7 truck |
4027298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C2-Dichloroethene | 1,2-Dichloroethene | 1,2-Dichloroethene, commonly called 1,2-dichloroethylene or 1,2-DCE, is the name for a pair of organochlorine compounds with the molecular formula CHCl. They are both colorless liquids with a sweet odor. It can exist as either of two geometric isomers, cis-1,2-dichloroethene or trans-1,2-dichloroethene, but is often used as a mixture of the two. They have modest solubility in water. These compounds have some applications as a degreasing solvent. In contrast to most cis-trans compounds, the Z isomer (cis) is more stable than the E isomer (trans) by 0.4 kcal/mol.
Production and use
cis-DCE, the Z isomer, is obtainable by the controlled chlorination of acetylene:
CH + Cl → CHCl
Industrially both isomers arise as byproducts of the production of vinyl chloride, which is produced on a vast scale. Unlike vinyl chloride, the 1,2-dichloroethylene isomers do not polymerize.
trans-DCE has applications including electronics cleaning, precision cleaning, and certain metal cleaning applications.
Reactions
Both isomers participate in Kumada coupling reactions. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene participates in cycloaddition reactions.
Safety
These compounds have "moderate oral toxicity to rats".
Environmental aspects
The dichloroethylene isomers occur in some polluted waters and soils. Significant attention has been paid to their further degradation, e.g. by iron particles.
See also
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloroethane, which is also often abbreviated as 1,2-DCA
References
External links
Organochlorides
Haloalkenes
Halogenated solvents |
4027302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Prentiss%20Inn | Mary Prentiss Inn | Prentiss House (formerly known as The Mary Prentiss Inn) has historic roots that reach as far back as 1843 and has transformed from a home on Prentiss Street to a Cambridge, Massachusetts inn.
In 1843 the home was built by architect William A. Saunders as a wedding gift to his son, William, and his wife, Mary Prentiss. The home was built in the Neo-classical design during the popular Greek revival of 19th century in the United States of America. The Saunders resided at the home for 55 years. The building is on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as the William Saunders House.
The hotel had been a long-time home to the Saunderses and Taylor family, as well as a hostelry and nursing home. In December of 1991, a local artist, Charlotte Forsythe bought the home and began the journey of transforming the home into the Mary Prentiss Inn.
In 2021, BREC LLC, a Boston-based development company, purchased the inn to update the property and to improve the guest experience while maintaining the quaint and private nature of the former inn.
To this day, Prentiss House remains on the National Registry of Historic Places and is recognized as a landmark by the Cambridge Historical Commission.
Resources
Prentiss House
Historic Makeover/Prentiss House
Hotels in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Hotels established in 1991
Houses completed in 1843
1843 establishments in Massachusetts
1991 establishments in Massachusetts |
4027304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad%20Bratzke | Chad Bratzke | Chad Alan Bratzke (born September 15, 1971) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League.
College career
Bratzke played college football at Eastern Kentucky University. As a freshman, he totaled 47 solo tackles, 6 sacks, and 2 fumble recoveries. His career stats included 253 tackles (150 solo), 27 sacks and six posted 87 tackles (57 solo), 11 sacks and two fumble recoveries as a senior. He was named Ohio Valley Conference Defensive Player-of-the-Year and Kodak All-America. He earned OVC All-Defense honors as a junior after totaling 71 tackles (36 solo), nine sacks and one fumble recovery.
Professional career
Bratzke played ten seasons in the NFL, five for the New York Giants and five for the Indianapolis Colts. He signed as unrestricted free agent from the Giants on March 1, 1999. He was originally drafted in the fifth round of the 1994 NFL Draft.
In 2002, Bratzke started 16 games for a defense that ranked seventh in the NFL in points allowed, eighth in overall defense. He started every contest for the third time in four years with the franchise (1999, 2000) and started all 63 appearances. He helped team establish a formidable pass rush with two sacks and five quarterback pressures in the first two games at Jacksonville and vs. Miami. Bratzke started the first eight games at RE, then started seven of the last eight games at LE. He had 70 tackles (49 solo), six sacks, 30 QB pressures, five fumbles forced, three batted passes, one pass defensed and one fumble recovered. He ranked second on the team in QB pressures, while tackles ranked seventh. He had stops in every contest with four or more tackles in 13 games and had six tackles, one sack and one forced fumble at Jacksonville. Bratzke forced one fumble and had one sack and four solo stops vs. Miami. He had one sack vs. Baltimore, and one sack and one forced fumble vs. Dallas. He made his first career start at defensive tackle and had six tackles, one sack, one forced fumble and two QB pressures at Cleveland as the team rallied with goal-line stand after overcoming 16-point deficit. He had six tackles (four solo) vs. NYG. He has totaled 45 of 53.5 career sacks since 1998. He has eleven career multiple-sack games. His 12 sacks in 1999 stands as one of seven double-digit individual sack seasons in franchise history (13.0, Dwight Freeney, 2002; 11.5, LB-Johnie Cooks, 1984; 11.0, LB-Vernon Maxwell, 1983; 10.0, DE-Jon Hand, 1989; 10.5, DE-Tony Bennett, 1995; 10.5, DE-Dan Footman, 1997). He had posted four straight seasons with 80+ tackles (80, 1998; 81, 1999; 93, 2000; 80, 2001) until having 70 in 2002. He has had two three-sack games with Colts (12/19/99 vs. Washington; 1/6/02 vs. Denver), one of nine Colts with a three-sack game since sacks became official in 1982, and it has been accomplished only 14 times during that span.
Personal
Bratzke and his family moved to Florida when he was seven, and while there he attended Bloomingdale High School in Valrico, Florida. He has made sizable donations to Eastern Kentucky University to build the Student Athlete Academic Success Center. He is currently heavily involved with CLF (Childhood Leukemia Foundation) and Joy’s House. He has made several appearances on Colts 2000 Care-A-Van tours.
See also
History of the New York Giants (1994-present)
1971 births
American football defensive ends
People from Valrico, Florida
Indianapolis Colts players
New York Giants players
Eastern Kentucky Colonels football players
Living people
Sportspeople from Hillsborough County, Florida
Ed Block Courage Award recipients |
4027312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence%20Tieleman | Laurence Tieleman | Laurence Tieleman (born 14 November 1972) is a former tennis player from Italy.
Personal life
Tieleman has a Dutch father and an Italian mother, both working for the European Community. He began playing tennis at age seven and attended the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy in Bradenton, FL, United States from ages 13 to 17.
Tieleman resided in both Assisi and Brussels during his playing career.
Tennis career
Turning professional in 1993, he won one tour-level doubles title (Tashkent in 1998) and 3 Challenger events in singles during his career. Tieleman's best singles performance was finishing runner-up at Queen's in 1998. The right-hander reached his career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 76 in April 1999.
ATP career finals
Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)
Doubles: 1 (1 title)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 5 (3–2)
Doubles: 17 (7–10)
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Italian male tennis players
Italian people of Dutch descent
People from Assisi
Sportspeople from Brussels
Sportspeople from the Province of Perugia
Belgian people of Italian descent |
4027320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simrock | Simrock | Simrock may refer to the German sheet music publisher N. Simrock, or one of the following members of the Simrock family engaged in that business:
Nikolaus Simrock, (1751–1832), founder of N. Simrock
Karl Joseph Simrock (1802–1876), son of Nikolaus
Fritz Simrock (1837–1901), grandson of Nikolaus |
4027336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C2-DCE | 1,2-DCE | 1,2-DCE may refer to:
1,2-Dichloroethane (EDC)
1,2-Dichloroethene |
4027344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroethene | Dichloroethene | Dichloroethene or dichloroethylene, often abbreviated as DCE, can refer to any one of several isomeric forms of the organochloride with the molecular formula C2H2Cl2:
There are three isomers:
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloroethene (E and Z)
See also
Dichloroethane
Organochlorides
Haloalkenes |
4027353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dkei%20%28sculptor%29 | Jōkei (sculptor) | was a Japanese sculptor of the Kei school, which flourished in the Kamakura period. Aside from his artwork, Jōkei left little record of his life, so sorting out the details of his biography is difficult. The fact that two men by that name were working in Nara in the 13th century only complicates matters.
Jōkei probably began his career as a disciple of Kōkei, the organizer of the Kei school of sculpture, or of Unkei. In fact, Jōkei may even have been Kōkei's son, though others call him the son of Unkei. In this capacity, he sculpted works for the reconstruction of the temples Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji in Nara.
Jōkei followed the lead of Unkei and others in the Kei school in his pursuit of realism. An early example of this is his Guardian King (Niō), carved sometime in the 1190s. The figure stands beside another by Unkei at the main gateway in front of the Kōfuku-ji. Jōkei's Niō is nude to the waist, exposing a tense musculature. The veins in the neck and head are engorged, only heightening the figure's expression of rage. The pose is action-ortiented, as if the king is in the midst of a fight.
The figures of Yuima (Sanskrit: Vimalakirti) and Monju (Sanskrit: Manjushri) in the East kōndō of Kōfuku-ji also show Jōkei's interpretation of the Kei aesthetic. The debate between these two men had been the subject of earlier Japanese sculpture, but Jōkei's depiction is different and subject to interpretation. Some see his Yuima as strong and healthy, while others view the figure as aged and ill in keeping with his description in the Vimalikirtinirdesha Sutra. The work also indicates that Jōkei was familiar with the Buddhist sculpture of Song China. His Yuima sits on a pedestal, which is decorated with an elaborately carved lion. The sculpture's high wooden backing, carved to look as if it is covered in cloth, is another Chinese element. An inscription inside the chest portion of the work says that Jōkei worked on it in 1196 for 53 days. It lists Kōen, possibly his son, as the artist who did the coloration.
Notes
References
Mason, Penelope (2005). History of Japanese Art. 2nd ed, rev. by Dinwiddie, Donald. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
Noma, Seiroku (2003). The Arts of Japan: Ancient and Medieval. Kodansha International.
Paine, Robert Treat, and Soper, Alexander (1981). The Art and Architecture of Japan. 3rd ed. Penguin Books Ltd.
Japanese Buddhists
Japanese sculptors |
4027364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20polygon | Generalized polygon | In mathematics, a generalized polygon is an incidence structure introduced by Jacques Tits in 1959. Generalized n-gons encompass as special cases projective planes (generalized triangles, n = 3) and generalized quadrangles (n = 4). Many generalized polygons arise from groups of Lie type, but there are also exotic ones that cannot be obtained in this way. Generalized polygons satisfying a technical condition known as the Moufang property have been completely classified by Tits and Weiss. Every generalized n-gon with n even is also a near polygon.
Definition
A generalized 2-gon (or a digon) is an incidence structure with at least 2 points and 2 lines where each point is incident to each line.
For a generalized n-gon is an incidence structure (), where is the set of points, is the set of lines and is the incidence relation, such that:
It is a partial linear space.
It has no ordinary m-gons as subgeometry for .
It has an ordinary n-gon as a subgeometry.
For any there exists a subgeometry () isomorphic to an ordinary n-gon such that .
An equivalent but sometimes simpler way to express these conditions is: consider the bipartite incidence graph with the vertex set and the edges connecting the incident pairs of points and lines.
The girth of the incidence graph is twice the diameter n of the incidence graph.
From this it should be clear that the incidence graphs of generalized polygons are Moore graphs.
A generalized polygon is of order (s,t) if:
all vertices of the incidence graph corresponding to the elements of have the same degree s + 1 for some natural number s; in other words, every line contains exactly s + 1 points,
all vertices of the incidence graph corresponding to the elements of have the same degree t + 1 for some natural number t; in other words, every point lies on exactly t + 1 lines.
We say a generalized polygon is thick if every point (line) is incident with at least three lines (points). All thick generalized polygons have an order.
The dual of a generalized n-gon (), is the incidence structure with notion of points and lines reversed and the incidence relation taken to be the converse relation of . It can easily be shown that this is again a generalized n-gon.
Examples
The incidence graph of a generalized digon is a complete bipartite graph Ks+1,t+1.
For any natural n ≥ 3, consider the boundary of the ordinary polygon with n sides. Declare the vertices of the polygon to be the points and the sides to be the lines, with set inclusion as the incidence relation. This results in a generalized n-gon with s = t = 1.
For each group of Lie type G of rank 2 there is an associated generalized n-gon X with n equal to 3, 4, 6 or 8 such that G acts transitively on the set of flags of X. In the finite case, for n=6, one obtains the Split Cayley hexagon of order (q, q) for G2(q) and the twisted triality hexagon of order (q3, q) for 3D4(q3), and for n=8, one obtains the Ree-Tits octagon of order (q, q2) for 2F4(q) with q = 22n+1. Up to duality, these are the only known thick finite generalized hexagons or octagons.
Restriction on parameters
Walter Feit and Graham Higman proved that finite generalized n-gons of order (s, t) with
s ≥ 2, t ≥ 2 can exist only for the following values of n:
2, 3, 4, 6 or 8. Another proof of the Feit-Higman result was given by Kilmoyer and Solomon.
Generalized "n"-gons for these values are referred to as generalized digons, triangles, quadrangles, hexagons and octagons.
When Feit-Higman theorem is combined with the Haemers-Roos inequalities, we get the following restrictions,
If n = 2, the incidence graph is a complete bipartite graph and thus "s", "t" can be arbitrary integers.
If n = 3, the structure is a finite projective plane, and s = t.
If n = 4, the structure is a finite generalized quadrangle, and t1/2 ≤ s ≤ t2.
If n = 6, then st is a square, and t1/3 ≤ s ≤ t3.
If n = 8, then 2st is a square, and t1/2 ≤ s ≤ t2.
If s or t is allowed to be 1 and the structure is not the ordinary n-gon then besides the values of n already listed, only n = 12 may be possible.
Every known finite generalized hexagon of order (s, t) for s, t > 1 has order
(q, q): the split Cayley hexagons and their duals,
(q3, q): the twisted triality hexagon, or
(q, q3): the dual twisted triality hexagon,
where q is a prime power.
Every known finite generalized octagon of order (s, t) for s, t > 1 has order
(q, q2): the Ree-Tits octagon or
(q2, q): the dual Ree-Tits octagon,
where q is an odd power of 2.
Semi-finite generalized polygons
If s and t are both infinite then generalized polygons exist for each n greater or equal to 2. It is unknown whether or not there exist generalized polygons with one of the parameters finite (and bigger than 1) while the other infinite (these cases are called semi-finite). Peter Cameron proved the non-existence of semi-finite generalized quadrangles with three points on each line, while Andries Brouwer and Bill Kantor independently proved the case of four points on each line. The non-existence result for five points on each line was proved by G. Cherlin using Model Theory. No such results are known without making any further assumptions for generalized hexagons or octagons, even for the smallest case of three points on each line.
Combinatorial applications
As noted before the incidence graphs of generalized polygons have important properties. For example, every generalized n-gon of order (s,s) is a (s+1,2n) cage. They are also related to expander graphs as they have nice expansion properties. Several classes of extremal expander graphs are obtained from generalized polygons. In Ramsey theory, graphs constructed using generalized polygons give us some of the best known constructive lower bounds on offdiagonal Ramsey numbers.
See also
Building (mathematics)
(B, N) pair
Ree group
Moufang polygon
Near polygon
References
.
.
.
.
.
.
Group theory
Incidence geometry |
4027396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Lyon%20%28highwayman%29 | George Lyon (highwayman) | George Lyon (1761–22 April 1815) was a highwayman in England.
Lyon was born in Upholland, Lancashire, to a poor family and was a career criminal.
Prior to arrest
George Lyon's one major feat as a highwayman was to hold up the Liverpool mail coach. With his accomplices, who have been unknown since, he planned the robbery at the Legs of Man public house in Wigan. They then persuaded the ostler at the Bull's Head Inn in Upholland to lend them horses for a few hours. They held up the Liverpool mail coach at nearby Tawd Vale on the River Tawd, firing two shots and forcing the driver to pull up so that they could rob the passengers. The gang then returned to the Bull's Head, and when the robbed coach later arrived at the inn, Lyon and his accomplices had an alibi as people had seen them in the pub earlier in the afternoon.
In addition to this robbery, Lyon was a habitual thief, and had been transported to one of the colonies for some years before returning to Upholland.
Local legend suggests Lyon was inept at highway robbery. It is said that he decided to hold up the coach taking the wages to a local coal mine but on the day of his intended crime it was pouring with rain. He stood out to stop the coach too early and the rain ruined the gunpowder in his pistol - the coach's driver, perhaps realising this, simply coaxed the horses into a run and soaked Lyon with muddy water as they flew past.
Arrest and execution
George Lyon was 54 when he was executed in Lancaster by hanging for robbery. Sentence was passed on Saturday 8 April 1815 along with two accomplices, Houghton and Bennett.
A fourth accomplice was Edward Ford, who had been working as a painter at Walmsley House, where the last robbery took place and for which Lyon and his accomplices were eventually indicted. Ford had suggested robbing the house to Lyon, and had himself taken part in some 17 previous robberies, but because he turned King's evidence he was spared the capital sentence. The execution of Lyon, Houghton, and Bennett, took place just before noon on Saturday 22 April 1815.
All capital sentences passed that day were commuted, except for the Upholland trio of Lyon, Houghton and Bennett, and two others, Moses Owen for horse stealing, and John Warburton for "highway robbery".
After his death Lyon's body was handed over to Simon Washington, landlord of The Old Dog Inn in Upholland, and a companion, for its return to Upholland for burial. Lyon had not wanted his body left at Lancaster as it would have been handed over to surgeons for dissection as was the normal procedure with the bodies of executed criminals. In a letter to his wife written on 14 April (with the aid of the prison chaplain, the Reverend Cowley), he implored her to arrange for his body to be returned home.
As the cart approached the final part of its journey, a huge crowd was observed moving off from Orrell Post near Upholland in the direction of Gathurst, to observe the return of Lyon's body. When word came through that the cortege was instead passing through nearby Wrightington and heading for the road through Appley Bridge instead, the crowd rushed across the fields from the Gathurst Bridge which still spans the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, to meet the cart at Dangerous Corner, and then followed it in procession through Appley Bridge, and up the climb through Roby Mill, until it eventually reached Parliament Street in Upholland, and the last few hundred yards to The Old Dog Inn, where Lyon's body was laid out in the landlady's best parlour overnight.
Hundreds of people gathered outside the pub the next day, and even climbed onto the roofs of adjoining buildings, to see the coffin as it was taken for burial to St. Thomas's churchyard in Upholland on Sunday 23 April 1815. George Lyon was buried in his daughter's grave (not, as is traditionally believed, that of his mother or grandmother), the inscription simply reads "Nanny Lyon, Died April 7th 1804". His name is not recorded on the stone.
1761 births
1815 deaths
People from Up Holland
English highwaymen
Executed people from Lancashire
People executed for robbery
19th-century executions by England and Wales
1810s crimes in the United Kingdom
1815 crimes in Europe |
4027400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Holland%20%28sprinter%29 | Bill Holland (sprinter) | William Joseph Holland (March 3, 1874 – November 20, 1930) was an American track and field athlete.
At the age of 26, Holland, a medical student at Georgetown University, won the silver medal in the men's 400-meter dash race at the 1900 Summer Olympics, in Paris, France, with a time of 49.6 seconds, just 2 tenth of a second behind Gold medal winner U.S. teammate Maxie Long.
Holland placed fourth in the 200-meter dash, winning his semifinal heat with a time of 24.0 seconds before finishing fourth of four in the hotly contested final, in which his estimated time of 22.9 seconds was identical to that of the bronze medalist Stan Rowley and 0.1 seconds slower than the second place man, Norman Pritchard. Holland also competed in the 60-meter dash event, placing third in his first-round heat and not advancing to the final.
References
Sports Reference profile
1874 births
1930 deaths
American male sprinters
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field
Athletes (track and field) at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Georgetown University School of Medicine alumni
Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics |
4027406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Bonch-Bruyevich | Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich | Vladimir Dmitriyevich Bonch-Bruyevich (; sometimes spelled Bonch-Bruevich; in Polish Boncz-Brujewicz; – 14 July 1955) was a Soviet politician, revolutionary, historian, writer and Old Bolshevik. He was Vladimir Lenin's personal secretary.
Early life
Vladimir Dmitriyevich Bonch-Bruyevich was born in Moscow to a land surveyor family who came from the Mogilev province and belonged to the nobility of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was a younger brother of the future Soviet military commander Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch-Bruyevich. At the age of ten, he was sent to the Moscow Institute of Surveying and graduated from the school of land surveying. In 1889, he was arrested for taking part in a student demonstration, and banished to Kursk. He returned to Moscow in 1892 and entered the "Moscow Workers' Union" and distributed illegal literature. From 1895 he was active in the social-democratic circles. In 1896 he emigrated to Switzerland and organized shipments of Russian revolutionary literature and printing equipment and became an active member of Iskra.
Researching dissenters and supporting Doukhobors
One of Bonch-Bruyevich's research interests were Russia's dissenting religious minorities ("sects"), which were usually persecuted to various extent by both the established Orthodox Church and the Tsarist government. He believed that Baptists and Flagellants were "transmission points" for revolutionary propaganda. During the 1917 revolutions, he is reputed to have played a crucial in neutralising the Cossack garrison in the capital, Petrograd, through his contacts in the New Israel and Old Israel sects. He also met Grigori Rasputin, but judged that he was an Orthodox Christian, not sectarian.
In the late 1890s, he collaborated with Vladimir Chertkov and Leo Tolstoy, in particular in arrangement of the Doukhobors' emigration to Canada in 1899. Bonch-Bruyevich sailed with the Doukhobors, and spent a year with them in Canada. During that time, he was able to record much of their orally transmitted tradition, in particular the Doukhobor "psalms" (hymns). He published them later (1909) as "The Doukhobor Book of Life" (, Zhivotnaya Kniga Dukhobortsev).
Political activism
When the RSDLP split in 1903 between the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, and the Mensheviks, Bonch-Bruyevich was among the original Bolsheviks. He helped bring out the RSDLP newspaper Iskra while it was still under Lenin's control, and backed Lenin during 1904, when it appeared he might be losing control of the Bolsheviks to conciliators who wanted to heal the split. In December 1904, he helped organise Vpered, the first Bolshevik newspaper. According to Lenin's widow "Bonch-Bruyeich was in charge of the business side. He permanently beamed, concocted divers grandiose plans, and was always dashing around on printing-press matters." He also helped set up and run the party archive.
Bonch-Bruyevich returned to Russia early in 1905, and for a time worked illegally for the Bolsheviks in St. Petersburg, organising an underground storage of weapons. After the 1905 revolution, he was able to operate legally. In 1906, he organised the Bolsheviks' weekly newspaper Наша мысль (Nasha mysl - Our Beliefs or Our Idea), the journal Вестник жизни (Vestnik zhizni – Herald of Life), and several other publications. From 1907, he headed the Bolshevik publishing house, Жизнь и знание (Zhizn i znanie – Life and Knowledge). From 1912 he was a member of the editorial board of the newspaper Pravda. During this time he was repeatedly arrested, but did not serve a long prison sentence.
On the outbreak of the February Revolution, in 1917, Bonch-Bruyevich founded the newspaper Izvestya, and used it in April as a vehicle to defend Lenin's decision to return to Russia through Germany, despite the two countries being at war. He was dismissed from the staff by the Menshevik-controlled Petrograd Soviet in May for using it to disseminate Bolshevik propaganda. During June and July 1917, Bolshevik party meetings were held at his dacha, to avoid attention of the police. In August, the head of the provisional government, Alexander Kerensky, ordered his arrest, and he went into hiding. During the October Revolution, he was in charge of protecting the Bolshevik party headquarters in the Smolny Institute, in Petrograd.
Bonch-Bruyevich was head of administration for the Council of People's Commissars (equivalent to head of Lenin's private office) from November 1917 to October 1920. Between December 1917 and March 1918 he was the chairman of the Committee against Pogroms and in February – March 1918 a member of the Committee for the Revolutionary Defense of Petrograd. From 1918 he was the deputy chairman of the Board of Medical Colleges. In 1919 he was the chairman of the Committee for Construction of Sanitary Checkpoints at Railway Stations in Moscow and the Special Committee for Rehabilitation of Water Supply and Sanitation in Moscow. Between 1918–1919 he was the head of the publishing house of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) "Kommunist."
Bonch-Bruyevich took an active part in nationalization of the banks in preparation of the Soviet government moving to Moscow in March 1918. In 1918 as Managing Director of the Council of the People's Commissars, he endorsed setting in motion the Red Terror.
In 1918 he was elected a member of the Socialist Academy of Social Sciences. After Lenin's death, he did research and authored works on history of the revolutionary movement in Russia, history of religion and atheism, sectarianism, ethnography and literature. In the Soviet Union, Bonch-Bruyevich was best known as the author of a canonical Soviet book about Vladimir Lenin, whom Bonch-Bruyevich served as secretary in the years immediately following the Bolshevik revolution in 1917.
Following Lenin's death, Bonch-Bruevich was one of the key people involved in organising the funeral. He personally opposed the mummification of Lenin's body.
Between 1920 and 1929 he was the organizer and leader of a farm that supplied its products mostly to the leaders of the Communist party and the government.
Beginning in 1933, he was the director of the State Literary Museum in Moscow. Between 1946 and 1953 he was the director of the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Leningrad.
Bonch-Bruyevich died on 14 July 1955. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
Bonch-Bruyevich's daughter, Yelena, married Leopold Averbakh. After her husband's arrest, she was sentenced to seven years in labour camps.
Awards
Order of Lenin
References
External links
The Committee to combat pogroms
1873 births
1955 deaths
Writers from Moscow
Old Bolsheviks
Academicians of the Soviet Union
Soviet Marxist historians
Soviet male writers
Soviet politicians
People of the Russian Empire of Polish descent
Soviet people of Polish descent
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Switzerland
Polish revolutionaries
Russian revolutionaries
Russian atheists
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery |
4027407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Ogle | Robert Ogle | Robert Joseph Ogle (1928–1998), known as Bob Ogle, was a Canadian Roman Catholic priest, broadcaster, and member of the House of Commons.
Early life and career
Ogle was born on 24 December 1928 in Rosetown, Saskatchewan, to the native Quebecers Henry Ogle and Annie Brennan. Devout Irish Catholics, his parents had him baptized the next day, on Christmas Day. He grew up in poverty on farms in Saskatchewan and was an altar boy, an air cadet, and a boy scout in his youth.
Ogle studied at St. Peter's Seminary in London, Ontario, from 1946 to 1953 and was ordained to the priesthood in May 1953. After ordination, he became a parish priest in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, where he founded the Catholic Centre, and went on to be appointed rector of St. Pius X Seminary. He later received a Doctor of Canon Law degree from the University of Ottawa.
Political career and later life
Ogle was elected to the House of Commons as a New Democratic Party candidate for the Saskatchewan riding of Saskatoon East in the 1979 federal election. He defeated the incumbent Member of Parliament, Otto Lang, the federal Minister of Justice, who had held the riding since 1968. Ogle was re-elected in the 1980 election. He served as his party's critic for external affairs from 1981 to 1984. He did not stand again in 1984, following instructions from the Vatican, in conformity with the new Code of Canon Law.
He was the author of four books:
Faculties of Military Chaplains (1957),
When the Snake Bites the Sun (1977),
North- South Calling (1986), and
A Man of Letters (1990).
In 1989, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for "his tireless efforts to foster Canada's understanding of her role in global progress". In 1995, he was awarded the Saskatchewan Order of Merit.
He died on 1 April 1998 in Saskatoon. The St. Pius X Seminary at the University of Saskatchewan was renamed Ogle Hall after his death.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Saskatchewan Order of Merit citation
Robert Ogle fonds - Library and Archives Canada
1928 births
1998 deaths
20th-century Canadian male writers
20th-century Canadian writers
20th-century Canadian Roman Catholic priests
Canadian people of Irish descent
Candidates in the 1979 Canadian federal election
Candidates in the 1980 Canadian federal election
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Saskatchewan
Members of the Saskatchewan Order of Merit
New Democratic Party MPs
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Rosetown
Politicians from Saskatoon
Saskatchewan New Democratic Party politicians
University of Ottawa alumni
Writers from Saskatoon |
4027408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Fountain | Chris Fountain | Christopher Ryan "Chris" Fountain (born 3 September 1987) is an English actor, music producer and DJ. He is known for his roles as Justin Burton in Hollyoaks and as Tommy Duckworth in Coronation Street.
Early life
Fountain was born in the West Yorkshire city of Bradford on 3 September 1987.
Career
Fountain had minor roles in Blood Strangers (2002) and Bob and Rose (2001), and has appeared in the dramas Where the Heart Is (2002), The Royal (2003) and Burn It (2003).
Hollyoaks
He joined Hollyoaks in 2003 in the role of Justin Burton.
On 7 June 2006, Fountain injured himself on location whilst filming for Hollyoaks when he touched an electric fence.
In 2008 Fountain won the British Soap Award for Best Actor due to his role on Hollyoaks.
It was confirmed on 11 March 2009 that Fountain would be leaving Hollyoaks. He left on 3 June 2009 in a joint exit storyline alongside Jamie Lomas who plays Warren Fox.
Dancing on Ice
Fountain was a runner up in the third series of ITV show Dancing on Ice, in which he was partnered with skater Frankie Poultney. He also won the Dancing on Ice Tour 2008 with 24 wins and went home with the Dancing on Ice Tour Winners Trophy for winning the most shows. Second place went to Suzanne Shaw with eleven wins and third place went to Kyran Bracken with nine wins.
Post-Hollyoaks
On 30 January 2010, he appeared as a patient called Seb in Casualty. Fountain played the role of PC Paul Tait in the BBC drama Five Days in March 2010.
On 26 November 2010, it was announced that he would play the role of Tommy Duckworth in Coronation Street and made his first on-screen appearance in March 2011. Fountain made his final appearance on 13 October 2013, with his character having an off-screen exit on 23 October 2013.
In September 2016, he joined the touring cast of The Full Monty.
In July 2017, he joined the cast of new ITV drama Girlfriends in a supporting role. It aired in January 2018.
Other work
In February 2006, Fountain came in third in the BBC show Just the Two of Us, a singing competition in which celebrities are paired up with professional singers and are voted off, day by day. His singing partner was former S Club 7 member Jo O'Meara.
Fountain played the title role in the pantomime Aladdin at the Manchester Opera House over the Christmas/New Year period of 2009/2010. In 2010 he appeared in the new musical Departure Lounge for a short run at the Waterloo East Theatre in London.
Fountain appeared on All Star Family Fortunes on 14 April 2012. In December 2012, he took part in ITV game show Paddy's 2012 Show and Telly.
Personal life
Fountain was sacked from Coronation Street following a video of him rapping about rape under an alter ego called "The Phantom". Fountain apologised for the incident.
Fountain is a fan of Huddersfield F.C.
Filmography
Television
Awards and nominations
2005
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category of 'Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress' for his role in Hollyoaks
2006
Winner at British Soap Awards in category of 'Best Storyline' for 'Justin and Becca's affair' in Hollyoaks, shared with Ali Bastian (Becca Dean)
Winner at The Pulse West Yorkshire Local Heroes Awards as Artistic Achievement of the Year
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category of 'Sexiest Male' for his role in Hollyoaks
Nominated at National Television Awards in category of 'Most Popular Actor' for his role in Hollyoaks
2007
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category of 'Best Actor' for his role in Hollyoaks
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category of 'Sexiest Actor' for his role in Hollyoaks
2008
Winner at British Soap Awards in category of 'Best Actor' for his role in Hollyoaks
Winner at British Soap Awards in category of 'Most Spectacular Scene of the Year' for 'Car Over Cliff', shared with Hannah Tointon (Katy Fox), Jamie Lomas (Warren Fox), Matt Littler (Max Cunningham) and Gemma Bissix (Clare Cunningham).
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category for 'Most Spectacular Scene of the Year' for 'Justin Run Over', shared with Hannah Tointon (Katy Fox)
2012
Nominated at National Television Awards for 'Best Newcomer' for his role in Coronation Street
Nominated at British Soap Awards for 'Sexiest Male', but lost out to Scott Maslen, who plays Jack Branning in the soap EastEnders.
In July 2012, Fountain made the shortlist for Best Actor on the TV choice awards. He was also up for Sexiest Male for the Inside Soap Awards.
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
English male soap opera actors
Male actors from Bradford |
4027423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Computer-Assisted%20Legal%20Instruction | Center for Computer-Assisted Legal Instruction | The Center for Computer-Assisted Legal Instruction, also known as CALI, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that does research and development in online legal education. CALI publishes over 1,200 interactive tutorials, free casebooks, and develops software for experiential learning. Over 90% of US law schools are members which provide students with unlimited and free access to these materials.
CALI was incorporated in 1982 in the state of Minnesota by the University of Minnesota Law School and Harvard Law School. The cost of membership to CALI is US$8,000 per year for US law schools; free for legal-aid organizations, library schools, state and county law librarians; and US$250 per year for law firms, paralegal programs, undergraduate departments, government agencies, individuals, and other organizations.
Services
CALI Lessons
CALI Lessons are interactive tutorials written by law faculty covering various law study material in 20–40 minute lessons.
CALIcon Conference
CALI's CALIcon is a two-day conference where faculty, law librarians, tech staff and educational technologists gather to share ideas, experiences and expertise. Exhibitors have included legal and education researchers as well as law companies.
CALI first hosted The Conference for Law School Computing in 1991 (then known as the Conference for Law School Computing Professionals) at Chicago-Kent. From 1991 to 1994 the conference was hosted at Chicago-Kent, and since 1995 the conference has been hosted on-site by various CALI member law schools.
References
External links
CALI's website
Legal research
Charities based in Minnesota
Legal education in the United States
Organizations established in 1982
Harvard Law School
1982 establishments in Minnesota |
4027434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finbarr%20O%27Reilly | Finbarr O'Reilly | Finbarr O'Reilly (born 1971) is a Welsh-born Irish/Canadian independent photographer. He is a regular contributor to The New York Times.
O'Reilly won the 2019 World Press Photo First Place prize in the Portraits category, and also won the World Press Photo of the Year award of the 49th annual World Press Photo contest in 2006.
O'Reilly is co-author of the joint memoir with U.S. Marine Sgt. Thomas James Brennan, Shooting Ghosts (2017).
Early life and education
O'Reilly was born in Swansea in South Wales and raised in Dublin, Ireland until he moved with his family to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at the age of nine.
He attended high school at Vancouver College.
Life and work
After high school he became a Toronto-based arts correspondent for The Globe and Mail and then spent three years writing pop culture and entertainment pieces for the National Post.
He joined Reuters as a freelance correspondent based in Kinshasa, Congo in 2001 before moving to Kigali, Rwanda, where he became the Reuters Africa Great Lakes correspondent from 2003 to 2005.
In 2003 he co-produced The Ghosts of Lomako, a documentary about conservation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the same year he co-directed the documentary, The Digital Divide about technology in the developing world.
He turned to photography in 2005 and became the Reuters Chief Photographer for West and Central Africa, based in Dakar, Senegal from 2005 until 2012, when he took a sabbatical year off to study psychology as a Nieman Fellow at Harvard.
A color image by O'Reilly won World Press Photo of the Year 2005. The picture shows the emaciated fingers of a one-year-old child pressed against the lips of his mother at an emergency feeding clinic in Niger.
Upon returning to Reuters, he was posted to Tel Aviv as a Senior Photographer for Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
He is one of several journalists included in Under Fire: The Psychological Cost of Covering War, a documentary shortlisted for a 2012 Academy Award. The film won a 2013 Peabody Award.
As a 2012/13 Nieman Fellow at Harvard, O'Reilly spent an academic year researching psychology with a focus on conflict-induced trauma. He was a Ochberg Fellow at the DART center for Journalism and Trauma at Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism in New York in 2014; a Yale World Fellow in 2015; a MacDowell Colony Fellow in 2016; and a writer in residence at the Carey Institute for Global Good, also in 2016.
He covered the 2014 Gaza War from inside the Strip before leaving Reuters in 2015 to write Shooting Ghosts. Shooting Ghosts (2017) is a joint memoir with Sgt. Thomas James Brennan, a U.S. Marine who he had met during one of his assignments in Afghanistan. Their unlikely friendship helped heal them after war.
Awards
2006: World Press Photo of the Year 2005 award of the 49th annual World Press Photo contest
2019 World Press Photo First Place prize in the Portraits category
References
External links
O'Reilly's Website
"Fighting photographic cliches: Finbarr O'Reilly and gold in the Congo", The Telegraph
Canadian photographers
Canadian photojournalists
Living people
1971 births
People from Swansea
UBC Thunderbirds basketball players
University of British Columbia alumni
Welsh emigrants to Ireland
Irish emigrants to Canada
Canadian people of Welsh descent
Welsh photographers |
4027440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Quarrington | Joel Quarrington | Joel Quarrington (born January 15, 1955) is a Canadian double bass player, soloist and teacher. He is the former Principal Double Bass of the London Symphony Orchestra.
Career
He was born in Toronto, Ontario, and began playing the double bass at the age of eleven in order to complete a bluegrass trio with his brothers, Paul Quarrington and Tony Quarrington. At the age of thirteen, he began to study with Thomas Monohan, who was at the time the principal bassist of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. After he received a degree in music from the University of Toronto, he went on to Austria and Italy to study under two renowned double bass pedagogues, respectively Ludwig Streicher and Franco Petracchi.
Quarrington has won numerous music competitions, including first prize in the CBC talent festival in 1976, and second prize in the Geneva International Competition in 1978 (first prize was not awarded that year). He played as principal bass with the Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra between 1979 and 1988, and the Canadian Opera Company between 1989 and 1991, and then proceeded to become principal bass of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. Since September 2006, he has been the Principal Bass of the National Arts Centre Orchestra and he became Principal Bass of the London Symphony Orchestra in 2013.
Quarrington plays on a 1630 Giovanni Paolo Maggini double bass, and is well known for his unusual practice of tuning his bass in intervals of fifths, like a cello, but an octave lower.
His wife is cellist Carole Sirois who has played in the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, the Toronto Symphony and the National Arts Centre Orchestra and is presently a professor at the Conservatoire de Musique in Montreal.
Joel Quarrington teaches at the University of Ottawa and is a Visiting Artist at the Royal Academy of Music in London. Throughout his career, Quarrington has been active in commissioning new works for Double Bass. A notable commission in 1997 was for Raymond Luedeke's Concerto for Double Bass and Orchestra.
References
External links
Joel Quarrington website
1955 births
Classical double-bassists
Living people
Juno Award for Classical Album of the Year – Solo or Chamber Ensemble winners
Male double-bassists
20th-century Canadian double-bassists
21st-century Canadian double-bassists
20th-century Canadian male musicians
21st-century Canadian male musicians
Musicians from Toronto |
4027455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough%20%28Pennsylvania%29 | Borough (Pennsylvania) | In the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas. Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Description
All municipalities in Pennsylvania are classified as either cities, boroughs, or townships. The only exception is the town of Bloomsburg, recognized by the state government as the only incorporated town in Pennsylvania.
Boroughs tend to have more developed business districts and concentrations of public and commercial office buildings, including court houses. Boroughs are larger, less spacious, and more developed than the relatively rural townships, which often have the greater territory and even surround boroughs of a related or even the same name.
There are 956 boroughs and 56 cities in Pennsylvania. Many home rule municipalities remain classified as boroughs or townships for certain purposes even if the state's Borough and Township Codes no longer apply to them.
See also
Borough (United States)
List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania
References
Self-governance
Local government in Pennsylvania |
4027473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elk%20River%20Railroad | Elk River Railroad | The Elk River Railroad is a short line that runs for between Gilmer and Gassaway, West Virginia and has existed since July 1989, although it was originally built in the late 19th century and was once part of the Coal and Coke Railway that ran from Charleston to Elkins, and later the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The railroad originally consisted of more trackage south of Gassaway, but this track quickly became unusable and remained in a severe state of neglect. There were two different rail lines in this section of track, the ex-B&O Elk Subdivision, from Gassaway to Dundon, which was ripped up in December 2020, and a section of the former Buffalo Creek and Gauley Railroad, which was sold to the West Virginia Rail Authority in November 2020. The Elk Sub was purchased from CSX by Bill Bright in 1989, and if he had not stepped in, this section of railroad would have most certainly been abandoned.
In the 1990s, the railroad seemed to have a very high promise of profitability. Bill Bright, the owner of the railroad, invested a considerable amount of money to rehabilitate over 100 miles of ex-B&O track, and 3 miles of ex-BC&G track to Class-II standards, with max speeds of 15 miles per hour. There was a steady stream of coal coming from a mining loadout on the old BC&G, and talk of potential expansion to other mines, other business shipped by rail, and connections to Conrail. Unfortunately, all of this changed in 1999, when the line's single source of traffic, the mine loadout in Avoca, ceased operations, due to the customer American Electric Power (AEP) deeming the quality of coal produced there to be "too poor", effectively destroying the line's only source of traffic.
Today, there is certainly still potential for shipment of coal from Clay County, but there has been no talk of this since the shutdown in Avoca. If another source of traffic is found, trains would most likely run again, as the entire line is still under the ownership of ELKR and Bill Bright. Today, the only source of traffic for the ELKR is car repair and storage, in the small yard in Gassaway.
Currently, the railroad rosters secondhand "Geep" locomotives; GP10s, #1-2, GP8 #3, and GP9s #4-5, although, according to employees of the railroad, not every locomotive is operational. As of about 2020 Jim Smith is in charge of the Car Repair Crew in the Gassaway Rail Yard.
On November 14, 2020, the West Virginia Rail Authority filed with the Surface Transportation Board to acquire and operate 18 miles of former Buffalo Creek & Gauley trackage between Wilden and Dundon, West Virginia. The WVRA plans to operate the line as a Class III common carrier after December 14, 2020. The line suffered a significant washout in 2016, and has not seen a train since 1999. In December 2020, the ELKR began the process of ripping up the line south of Gassaway.
The February 2021 issue of Railpace magazine (page 20) stated that the announcement in the Federal Register is misleading and clarified that the West Virginia State Rail Authority did not take over the entire Elk River Railroad, but rather that it acquired the 18 miles of abandoned and flood-damaged track of the former Buffalo Creek and Gauley Railroad, a branch of the Elk River Railroad. According to the article, "Clay County residents formed a non-profit, the Clay County Business Development Authority, and began to work with the State of West Virginia to buy the right-of-way of the former BC&G. The organization procured rail bikes from RailRiders of Leadville, Colorado, as well as a small fleet of track speeders and open-air passenger trailers to be pulled by the speeders. After restoring and re-laying six miles of flood-damaged tack, the group began offering motorized and pedal-powered rail excursions along Buffalo Creek from a base next to the Bardley Campground and Lodge. The authority has also received a grant to rehabilitate 15 miles of BC&G trackage, and has plans to eventually acquire a rail bus.
References
External links
www.wvrail.railfan.net info
B&O ROW Part III-Dundon to Gassaway
Elk River Railroad
West Virginia railroads
Spin-offs of CSX Transportation
Companies operating former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad lines |
4027507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V.%20E.%20Walker | V. E. Walker | Vyell Edward Walker (20 April 1837 – 3 January 1906) was an English cricketer and administrator.
Teddy Walker was born in Southgate, Middlesex and educated at Harrow School. He was the fifth of seven cricket playing brothers who resided at Arnos Grove. They played a major part in establishing the Middlesex County Cricket Club, which was founded in 1864. Their cricket ground in Southgate is maintained by the Walker Trust to this day.
Walker was a right-handed batsman and an underarm slow right arm bowler who represented Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (1856–1870), a Middlesex XI (1859–1863) and Middlesex County Cricket Club (1864–1877).
In 1859 for an All-England Eleven against Surrey County Cricket Club at The Oval he scored 20 not out, then took all 10 of the Surrey wickets (for 74 runs). In the second innings he scored 108 not out and took another 4 wickets. This was in a season where only 2 other centuries were scored in first-class matches. He also took 10 for 104 for Middlesex against Lancashire in 1865.
A fine driving bat and perhaps the leading lob bowler of his day as well as a great captain of Middlesex and the Gentlemen.
He captained the county club (1864–1872) and also served as President of the Marylebone Cricket Club (1891–1892) and of Middlesex County Cricket Club (1899–1906). He died at Arnos Grove, aged 68.
See also
Middlesex County Cricket Club
The Walkers of Southgate
References
External links
Cricinfo
Cricket Archive
Middlesex County Cricket Club Official website
Cricinfo page on V.E. Walker
1837 births
1906 deaths
People educated at Harrow School
English cricketers
Presidents of Middlesex County Cricket Club
Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club
Middlesex cricket captains
People from Southgate, London
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
Gentlemen of the South cricketers
North v South cricketers
Surrey Club cricketers
Southgate cricketers
Cricketers who have taken ten wickets in an innings
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Edward
Cricketers from Greater London
Gentlemen of Middlesex cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
R. D. Walker's XI cricketers
North of the Thames v South of the Thames cricketers |
4027512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah%20Academy%20of%20Bergen%20County | Torah Academy of Bergen County | Torah Academy of Bergen County (commonly referred to as TABC) is a four-year yeshiva high school located in Teaneck, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The school utilizes a split-schedule day offering both Jewish studies and college preparatory secular courses. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 2005.
TABC is run by Rabbi Shlomo Stochel, Head of School; the Rosh HaYeshiva, Rabbi Yosef Adler; and Audi Hecht, dean of academics. Rabbi Michael Hoenig is the Mashgiach Ruchani (religious life guidance counselor).
As of the 2019–20 school year, the school had an enrollment of 327 students and 47.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 6.9:1. The school's student body was 100% White.
Academic programs
Various Advanced Placement (AP) courses are offered primarily to juniors and seniors, such as AP Biology, AP Calculus, AP English Language and Composition, AP English Literature and Composition, AP Physics, AP Psychology, AP Statistics, and AP United States History.
The building hosts a second school called the SINAI Special Needs Institute. The program serves children of below to above average intelligence with different degrees of learning disability and a wide variety of behavioral characteristics, whose needs could not be addressed by traditional Jewish day school programs and curricula. The students have separate administrators and teachers from TABC, though they share some classrooms.
Extracurricular activities
TABC has a number of extracurricular activities, some that do well even on the international level. The school's Mock trial team was the 2005 New Jersey State Champions and received press coverage both in the Tri-State Region as well as overseas for its efforts to gain accommodations to participate in the National High School Mock Trial Championship in Charlotte, North Carolina without being required to compete during the Jewish Sabbath.
The school has an International Bible Contest (Chidon HaTanach) team which is coached by Rabbi Neil Winkler. In 2017, junior Shlomi Helfgot placed 4th in the world in the international competition which takes place in Jerusalem on Yom HaAtzma'ut.
The school also has a notable Science Olympiad Team, having won the Yeshiva League for the past 6 years, as well as College Bowl, with Junior Varsity having been undefeated since 2014.
Athletics
TABC has various sports teams, including baseball, softball, basketball, hockey and wrestling and others.
In an effort to build inter-community relationships in Teaneck, former Torah Academy athletic director Bobby Kaplan and then assistant principal Rabbi Tzvi Grumet, arranged for the TABC Storm to play a pair of exhibition basketball games in 2000 against the Knights of the Al-Ghazaly High School, a Muslim high school in the township.
The varsity hockey team has won the MYHSAL championship five times (1997–1998, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2012-2013 and 2015–2016). The JV team has won the MYHSAL championship a record eight times (1997–1998, 2002–2003, 2008–2009, 2009–2010, 2010–2011, 2011–2012, 2012–2013, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018). TABC is known as a hockey powerhouse and both teams have made the championship consistently.
TABC's wrestling team had placed 3rd in the Wittenberg Championships from 2007 to 2010. In 2009, TABC had six finalists and two champions. In 2010, TABC had three champions - Navid Ahdoot (112 lbs), Evan Friedlander (171 lbs) and Dovid Greenfield (285 lbs) - as well as several second and third place wrestlers. In 2011 TABC placed second overall with three first-place winners including Shimmy Auman, Evan Friedlander, Dovid Greenfield. In 2013, TABC won Wittenberg with three champions, and eleven total placers. TABC wrestlers Efraim Ellman, Dovid Greenfield, Navid Ahdoot, Ramin Ahdoot and Lior Shachar have been inducted into the Wittenberg Hall of Fame. TABC Wrestling has also continued to place well at Wittenberg even fielding smaller teams. They have wrestled at the Brick Memorial Tournament, The Randolph Wrestling Tournament, The North Bergen Wrestling Tournament, and more. 2016-2017 saw another individual first-place finish from Ben Antosofsky 19' (126 lbs), as well as more high placements. In 2017-2018 Dovid Meiseles took home 1st, with a myriad of 2nd - 5th-place finishes backing him up.
The TABC track team was undefeated in 2014–2015, 2015-2016, and 2016–2017. The team is coached by alumnus Shmuel Knoller ('13). Notably, Zachary Greenberg came in 3rd place in his age group in the Jerusalem Marathon in 2016.
The school also has both a varsity and junior varsity basketball team coached by former St. John's assistant Coach Oswald Cross.
The Yeshiva University Red Sarachek basketball tournament plays some of its games in the TABC gym, for which they received an award in 2004. TABC also participated in Sarachek in 2012, entering the tournament as the 13th seed and finishing ranked #12 overall. In 2016, TABC again participated in the tournament, entering as the #9 seed. In the first round, TABC defeated the Rabbi Alexander S. Gross Hebrew Academy Warriors on a last second shot, but were defeated in the second round by eventual-champion DRS Wildcats 34–31.
References
External links
Torah Academy of Bergen County
Kol Torah
Israel Report
1982 establishments in New Jersey
Boys' schools in New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1982
Jewish day schools in New Jersey
Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
Modern Orthodox Jewish day schools in the United States
Modern Orthodox Judaism in New Jersey
Private high schools in Bergen County, New Jersey
Teaneck, New Jersey
Orthodox yeshivas in New Jersey |
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