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4009961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loprazolam | Loprazolam | Loprazolam (triazulenone) marketed under many brand names is a benzodiazepine medication. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is licensed and marketed for the short-term treatment of moderately-severe insomnia.
It was patented in 1975 and came into medical use in 1983.
Medical uses
Insomnia can be described as a difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening, early awakenings or a combination of each. Loprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine and is sometimes used in patients who have difficulty in maintaining sleep or have difficulty falling asleep. Hypnotics should only be used on a short-term basis or in those with chronic insomnia on an occasional basis.
Dose
The dose of loprazolam for insomnia is usually 1 mg but can be increased to 2 mg if necessary. In the elderly a lower dose is recommended due to more pronounced effects and a significant impairment of standing up to 11 hours after dosing of 1 mg of loprazolam. The half-life is much more prolonged in the elderly than in younger patients. A half-life of 19.8 hours has been reported in elderly patients.
Patients and prescribing physicians should, however, bear in mind that higher doses of loprazolam may impair long-term memory functions.
Side effects
Side effects of loprazolam are generally the same as for other benzodiazepines such as diazepam. The most significant difference in side effects of loprazolam and diazepam is it is less prone to day time sedation as the half-life of loprazolam is considered to be intermediate whereas diazepam has a very long half-life. The side effects of loprazolam are the following:
drowsiness
paradoxical increase in aggression
lightheadedness
confusion
muscle weakness
ataxia (particularly in the elderly)
amnesia
headache
vertigo
hypotension
salivation changes
gastro-intestinal disturbances
visual disturbances
dysarthria
tremor
changes in libido
incontinence
urinary retention
blood disorders and jaundice
skin reactions
dependence and withdrawal reactions
Residual 'hangover' effects after nighttime administration of loprazolam such as sleepiness, impaired psychomotor and cognitive functions may persist into the next day which may increase risks of falls and hip fractures.
Tolerance, dependence and withdrawal
Loprazolam, like all other benzodiazepines, is recommended only for the short-term management of insomnia in the UK, owing to the risk of serious adverse effects such as tolerance, dependence and withdrawal, as well as adverse effects on mood and cognition. Benzodiazepines can become less effective over time, and patients can develop increasing physical and psychological adverse effects, e.g., agoraphobia, gastrointestinal complaints, and peripheral nerve abnormalities such as burning and tingling sensations.
Loprazolam has a low risk of physical dependence and withdrawal if it is used for less than 4 weeks or very occasionally. However, one placebo-controlled study comparing 3 weeks of treatment for insomnia with either loprazolam or triazolam showed rebound anxiety and insomnia occurring 3 days after discontinuing loprazolam therapy, whereas with triazolam the rebound anxiety and insomnia was seen the next day. The differences between the two are likely due to the differing elimination half-lives of the two drugs. These results would suggest that loprazolam and possibly other benzodiazepines should be prescribed for 1–2 weeks rather than 2–4 weeks to reduce the risk of physical dependence, withdrawal, and rebound phenomenon.
Withdrawal symptoms
Slow reduction of the dosage over a period of months at a rate that the individual can tolerate greatly minimizes the severity of the withdrawal symptoms. Individuals who are benzodiazepine dependent often cross to an equivalent dose of diazepam to taper gradually, as diazepam has a longer half-life and small dose reductions can be achieved more easily.
anxiety and panic attacks
sweating
nightmares
insomnia
headache
tremor
nausea and vomiting
feelings of unreality
abnormal sensation of movement
hypersensitivity to stimuli
hyperventilation
flushing
sweating
palpitations
dimensional distortions of rooms and television pictures
paranoid thoughts and feelings of persecution
depersonalization
fears of going mad
heightened perception of taste, smell, sound, and light; photophobia
agoraphobia
clinical depression
poor memory and concentration
aggression
excitability
Somatic Symptoms
numbness
altered sensations of the skin
pain
stiffness
weakness in the neck, head, jaw, and limbs
muscle fasciculation, ranging from twitches to jerks, affecting the legs or shoulders
ataxia
paraesthesia
influenza-like symptoms
blurred double vision
menorrhagia
loss of or dramatic gain in appetite
thirst with polyuria
urinary incontinence
dysphagia
abdominal pain
diarrhoea
constipation
Major complications can occur after abrupt or rapid withdrawal, especially from high doses, producing symptoms such as:
psychosis
confusion
visual and auditory hallucinations
delusions
epileptic seizures (which may be fatal)
suicidal thoughts or actions
abnormal, often severe, drug seeking behavior
It has been estimated that between 30% and 50% of long-term users of benzodiazepines will experience withdrawal symptoms. However, up to 90% of patients withdrawing from benzodiazepines experienced withdrawal symptoms in one study, but the rate of taper was very fast at 25% of dose per week. Withdrawal symptoms tend to last between 3 weeks to 3 months, although 10–15% of people may experience a protracted benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome with symptoms persisting and gradually declining over a period of many months and occasionally several years.
Contraindications and special caution
Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the elderly, during pregnancy, in children, alcohol or drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Loprazolam, similar to other benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drugs causes impairments in body balance and standing steadiness in individuals who wake up at night or the next morning. Falls and hip fractures are frequently reported. The combination with alcohol increases these impairments. Partial, but incomplete tolerance develops to these impairments.
Mechanism of action
Loprazolam is a benzodiazepine, which acts via positively modulating the GABAA receptor complex via a binding to the benzodiazepine receptor which is situated on alpha subunit containing GABAA receptors. This action enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA on the GABAA receptor complex by increasing the opening frequency of the chloride ion channel. This action allows more chloride ions to enter the neuron which in turn produces such effects as; muscle relaxation, anxiolytic, hypnotic, amnesic and anticonvulsant action. These properties can be used for therapeutic benefit in clinical practice. These properties are also sometimes used for recreational purposes in the form of drug abuse of benzodiazepines where high doses are used to achieve intoxication and or sedation.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration of loprazolam on an empty stomach, it takes 2 hours for serum concentration levels to peak, significantly longer than other benzodiazepine hypnotics. This delay brings into question the benefit of loprazolam for the treatment of insomnia when compared to other hypnotics (particularly when the major complaint is difficulty falling asleep instead of difficulty maintaining sleep for the entire night), although some studies show that loprazolam may induce sleep within half an hour, indicating rapid penetration into the brain. The peak plasma delay of loprazolam, therefore, may not be relevant to loprazolam's efficacy as a hypnotic. If taken after a meal it can take even longer for loprazolam plasma levels to peak and peak levels may be lower than normal. Loprazolam significantly alters electrical activity in the brain as measured by EEG, with these changes becoming more pronounced as the dose increases. Roughly half of each dose is metabolized in humans to produce an active metabolite, (a piperazine with lesser potency), the other half is excreted unchanged. The half-life of the active metabolite is about the same as the parent compound loprazolam.
See also
Benzodiazepine
List of benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepine dependence
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Heather Ashton
Long-term effects of benzodiazepines
References
External links
Inchem.org - Loprazolam
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Imidazobenzodiazepines
Lactams
Nitro compounds
Piperazines |
4009972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd%20Lichti | Todd Lichti | Todd Samuel Lichti (born January 8, 1967) is an American former professional basketball player. At 6'4" (1.93 m) and 205 lb (93 kg) he played at guard. He was selected with 15th pick in the 1989 NBA draft by the Denver Nuggets where he stayed for 4 years. He also had short stints with Orlando Magic, Golden State Warriors, and Boston Celtics before moving to Australia to play for the Perth Wildcats.
Lichti was inducted into the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2019.
College career
In four seasons with Stanford, Lichti averaged 18.8 points per game, 5.3 rebounds per game, and 2.5 assists per game, appearing in 124 games. At graduation, Lichti was Stanford's all-time leading scorer with 2,336 points, a record broken by Chasson Randle on March 31, 2015.
Professional career
NBA
Lichti started his professional career when he was drafted via the 15th overall pick by the Denver Nuggets in the 1989 NBA Draft. With the Nuggets, he performed well in his first season (8 points per game), and continued to improve in his second season (14 points per game), before knee injuries limited him to 29 of 82 contests. Various injuries (including being involved in a serious car accident, which killed his fiancée, Kirstin Gravrock of Bellevue, Washington) further kept him from playing at a competitive level. Lichti stayed on in Denver for two more seasons until August 19, 1993, when he was traded to the Orlando Magic for Brian Williams. He played a combined 13 games with three different teams before being waived by the Golden State Warriors in 1993-94, his final NBA season.
NBL
His last appearance was in the Australian National Basketball League with the Perth Wildcats. Lichti's recruitment was in part due to his association with native Perth player Andrew Vlahov, with whom he was teammates at Stanford.
Lichti played 82 games over four seasons for the Wildcats from 1996–99, and averaged impressive NBL career stats of 16.8 points, 5.4 rebounds, 2.7 assists and 1.6 steals per game.
References
External links
Todd Lichti: A career of broken dreams @ paloaltoonline.com, published March 11, 1994
1967 births
Living people
All-American college men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from California
Boston Celtics players
Denver Nuggets draft picks
Denver Nuggets players
Golden State Warriors players
Orlando Magic players
People from Concord, California
Perth Wildcats players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Walnut Creek, California
Stanford Cardinal men's basketball players |
4009976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone%20number | Tone number | Tone numbers are numerical digits used like letters to mark the tones of a language. The number is usually placed after a romanized syllable. Tone numbers are defined for a particular language, so they have little meaning between languages.
Other means of indicating tone in romanization include diacritics, tone letters, and orthographic changes to the consonants or vowels. For instance, in Mandarin, the syllable (which has a falling-rising tone) is represented in Wade-Giles romanization as ma3, with a tone number; in Hanyu Pinyin as mǎ, with a diacritic; and in Gwoyeu Romatzyh as maa, with a change in the vowel letter.
In Chinese
In the Chinese tradition, numbers, diacritics, and names are assigned to the historical four tones (level, rising, departing, and entering) of Chinese. These are consistent across all Chinese dialects, reflecting the development of tone diachronically. In the later stage of Middle Chinese, voiced consonants (such as b-, d-, g-, z-) began to merge into voiceless ones (p-, t-, k-, s-) and such voiceless-voiced consonant contrast was substituted by further high-low pitch contrast (yin, and yang). It is also common to number the tones of a particular dialect independently of the others. For example, Standard Chinese has four–five tones and the digits 1–5 or 0–4 are assigned to them; Cantonese has 6–9 tones, and the digits from 0 or 1 to 6 or 9 are assigned to them. In this case, Mandarin tone 4 has nothing to do with Cantonese tone 4, as can be seen by comparing the tone charts of Standard Chinese (Mandarin), Cantonese, and Taiwanese Hokkien.
Note: Tone sandhi rules and the unstressed syllable of Mandarin are not listed here for simplicity.
To enhance recognition and learning, color has also been associated with the tones. Although there are no formal standards, the de facto standard has been to use red (tone 1), orange (tone 2), green (tone 3), blue (tone 4) and black (tone 5). This color palette has been implemented in translation tools and online dictionaries.
Although such numbers are useless in comparative studies, they are convenient for in-dialect descriptions:
In Mandarin, the numeral one, originally in tone 1, is pronounced in tone 4 if followed by a classifier in tone 1, 2, or 3. It is pronounced in tone 2 if the classifier has tone 4.
In Taiwanese tone sandhi, tone 1 is pronounced as tone 7 if followed by another syllable in a polysyllabic word.
Some romanization schemes, like Jyutping, use tone numbers. Even for Pinyin, tone numbers are used instead when diacritics are not available, as in basic ASCII text.
For the numbers of the traditional tone classes, which are consistent between dialects, see four tones in Middle Chinese.
See also
Chinese characters
Chinese language
Bopomofo
Tone letter
Tone name
Notes
Further reading
Phonology
Romanization |
4009982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian%20Sutil | Adrian Sutil | Adrian Sutil (; born 11 January 1983) is a German-Uruguayan racing driver, who raced in Formula One for seven seasons: from 2007–2011, then 2013–2014. He drove for the Spyker F1 Team, Force India F1 Team and the Sauber F1 Team. He was also the reserve driver for the Williams F1 Team in .
Sutil started karting at the age of 14 and moved into single seater racing in 2002 in the Swiss Formula Ford series where he won the title. He moved up into Formula Masters Austria and started 1 race before stepping into Formula BMW ADAC in 2003. Sutil then raced in the Formula 3 Euroseries where he was the runner-up to Lewis Hamilton in 2005. He went to Japan in 2006 to race in the All-Japan Formula Three Championship and also finished 3rd in the Macau Grand Prix.
Having been involved in the Midland F1 test team, Sutil was promoted to a race seat for the new Spyker F1 team in 2007. Sutil continued to race with the team under their new guise Force India in 2008 where he remained until 2011. Having made his return to the sport in 2013 again with Force India, he competed in the 2014 season with the Sauber team.
Personal life
Born in Starnberg, West Germany, Sutil is the son of professional musicians Monika, a German, and Jorge, a Uruguayan. He has two brothers, named Daniel and Raphael. He weighs 75 kilograms (165 pounds) and is 183 centimeters (6 feet) tall. A talented pianist, Sutil speaks fluent German, English, and Spanish and a little Italian.
Shanghai nightclub incident and assault conviction
On the evening following the April 2011 , Sutil was involved in an incident with Genii Capital CEO and owner of the Lotus F1 team Eric Lux in a nightclub in Shanghai. Sutil struck Lux with a champagne glass, causing a wound in his neck which required 24 stitches. Sutil apologised for the incident, which he described as unintentional. Lux's lawyers filed a criminal complaint for physical assault and grievous bodily harm against Sutil. Force India owner Vijay Mallya refused to take action against Sutil until the case proceeded further, but on 16 December 2011 Force India announced they had opted not to renew Sutil's contract for 2012, and would field reserve driver Nico Hülkenberg alongside di Resta.
On 13 January 2012, German prosecutors announced that Sutil would stand trial over the incident, charged with assault occasioning grievous bodily harm. Sutil was convicted of the charge on 31 January 2012, and received an 18-month suspended prison sentence, along with a €200,000 fine that was to be donated to charities "of the court's choosing." Sutil initially had planned on appealing his conviction but eventually decided not to.
Lewis Hamilton, among Sutil's friends at the time, was also present in the nightclub that night. He was named as a defence witness by Sutil's side, but Hamilton did not appear in court because the trial coincided with the launch of his team's car. He stated he could attend a retrial, should one take place, as he would not be occupied on the scheduled day, but as a result, the friendship of the two drivers ended, with Sutil branding Hamilton a "coward."
Sutil remained without a seat throughout 2012.
McLaren Senna crash
On 30 July 2020, Sutil crashed his McLaren Senna LM into an electricity pylon at the side of the road in Monaco after losing control of the car. Sutil's Senna – one of 20 LM versions – was heavily damaged; with its front bumper, front panels and bonnet detached from its chassis, with the windscreen shattered. Sutil emerged from the wreckage unscathed.
Racing biography
Karting and Junior Formulae
Sutil started karting at 14 before moving up to Swiss Formula Ford 1800 in 2002. He won all ten rounds of the season from pole and added five wins in the Formula Masters Austria championship.
Formula BMW and Formula Three
When Sutil moved up to the Formula BMW ADAC championship in 2003 he finished in sixth place in the series, but with no wins. The following season he stepped up to the Formula 3 Euroseries with Colin Kolles' team. Although he scored only twice, the connection he made with Kolles would prove useful in the future. He moved to the ASM team at the final round of the year.
Sutil stayed with ASM for 2005 and was joined by British driver Lewis Hamilton. Hamilton won more races than Sutil, but the German was runner-up to Hamilton and the Briton's only serious competitor in the championship and at the Marlboro Masters of Formula Three at Zandvoort.
Sutil missed the last two rounds of the 2005 Euroseries after joining A1 Team Germany for the inaugural A1 Grand Prix series. He raced for them at three events in Portugal, Australia and Dubai, his best result being two twelfth places.
He spent 2006 racing in Japan and won the All-Japan Formula Three Championship. He showed a very strong performance all season. He also finished third in the Macau Formula Three Grand Prix and made a one-off appearance in Japanese Super GT.
Formula One
Midland (2006)
That year also saw Sutil enter Formula One. In January, he was confirmed as one of the three test drivers for the new Midland F1 Racing team, along with Markus Winkelhock and Giorgio Mondini. This came thanks to his connections with Colin Kolles, who was then running the team.
Sutil appeared for the team as the third driver at the European, French and Japanese Grands Prix. By the time of his third appearance, the outfit had been bought by Spyker Cars. At the end of the year, he was promoted to second driver for the 2007 season, having been signed on a multi-year contract by the Spyker MF1 Team. In an interview with the Official Formula One website, Sutil's first 2007 teammate, Christijan Albers, commented that "Adrian is a good driver and he will be quick this year, but as a driver you should always be pushing to the limits without thinking what the guy in the car next to you is doing. But Adrian will be a good team-mate and it looks as though he's going to be a big talent [for the future]".
Spyker (2007)
During 2007, Sutil out-qualified and out-raced his team-mate Albers at all Grands Prix before the Dutchman was replaced by Sutil's countryman Markus Winkelhock, test driver for the team up until that time at the European Grand Prix. Sutil out-qualified Winkelhock, although the latter went on to lead the race and restart after a sudden downpour. Winkelhock resumed his third driver role for the following grand prix at Hungary when Japanese driver Sakon Yamamoto took over the second team seat. Sutil out-performed Yamamoto in the race, passing Honda drivers Rubens Barrichello and Jenson Button.
In the Hungarian Grand Prix, Sutil was the first Spyker driver in 2007 to beat another running classified finisher, Honda's Rubens Barrichello.
For the Turkish Grand Prix, a B-spec car was expected for the Spyker team, but it failed a rear crash test and Sutil continued to use the older spec car. After fuel pressure problems, he was forced to start the race from the pits and finished five laps behind. At Monza, despite the introduction of the B-spec Spyker F8-VII and due to the nature of the circuit, the Spykers were largely uncompetitive once again and Sutil finished 19th, again only in front of his team-mate.
At the Belgian Grand Prix, the strengths of the B-spec car were fully evident with both Sutil and Yamamoto setting competitive times through the three practice sessions culminating in Sutil qualifying only half a second behind 16th placed man Vitantonio Liuzzi. During the race, Sutil passed the Toyota of Jarno Trulli, Hondas of Rubens Barrichello and Jenson Button as well as the Red Bull's David Coulthard, Toro Rosso's Vitantonio Liuzzi and Williams driver Alexander Wurz. He ran as high as 12th before finishing 14th. He was highly praised for his efforts by both team and media.
Two weeks later in the rain at Fuji Speedway, Japan, it seemed Sutil had narrowly missed an opportunity to score Spyker's first ever point, briefly holding 8th position on the penultimate lap of the high-attrition race after Nick Heidfeld retired his BMW, but was almost immediately passed by fellow backmarker Vitantonio Liuzzi in the Toro Rosso and finished 9th. After the race it was found that Liuzzi had overtaken Sutil under yellow flags, and the 25-second penalty for the Italian promoted Sutil to the final points position. Toro Rosso appealed the decision, but the penalty was upheld.
Spyker were not competitive in the final two races of the year, neither of which Sutil finished. He has been praised by many for his performances in the 2007 Formula One Championship. Despite driving the most uncompetitive car of the year, the German rookie impressed by not only dominating all of his teammates in both qualifying and race conditions, but also by challenging other drivers with superior equipment.
Force India (2008–2011, 2013)
2008
Sutil continued with the team in 2008 under its new identity as Force India, after briefly entertaining the possibility of a drive with McLaren or Williams. The first two races of the season ended with mechanical failures
While running in a very strong fourth position in Monaco with six laps remaining, he was hit in the rear by fifth placed Kimi Räikkönen who lost control of his car while braking for the harbour chicane. A crash a few laps earlier had resulted in the safety car being deployed, with Sutil losing his considerable lead over the Finnish driver. Sutil's car suffered damage to the rear diffuser, and he was forced to retire. Mike Gascoyne called for Räikkönen to be punished over the incident. No punishment, however, was given. However, Sutil had overtaken three cars under yellow flags and according to steward Paul Gutjahr, should he have reached the chequered flag, he would have been given a 25-second penalty which would have dropped him out of the point-scoring positions.
On 17 October Force India announced they would keep Sutil for the 2009 season.
2009
Sutil and the Force India team started the year with a real optimism of points scoring finishes when the European part of the season started after the first four races. BBC commentator Martin Brundle expressed his personal view that:
In Australia, after starting from 16th on the grid, Sutil progressed steadily through the field to finish just outside the points in 9th place. In Malaysia, he qualified 19th and finished 15th when the race was stopped on lap 33 due to torrential rain.
In China, Sutil was running in 6th place with 6 laps remaining when he lost control of his Force India – due to aquaplaning – resulting in him crashing and forcing him to retire.
In Bahrain, Sutil was penalised for blocking Mark Webber during the first qualifying session. He personally walked into Mark's room to apologise for the incident.
In Spain, after running wide at the first corner of the first lap Sutil rejoined the track only to hit the Toyota of Jarno Trulli. The Italian had also run wide and was rejoining the track. This forced both drivers to retire and caused the two Toro Rossos of Sébastien Bourdais and Sébastien Buemi to crash into each other.
In Monaco, Sutil finished 14th and finished 17th in Turkey, after qualifying a career-best of 15th.
In qualifying in Britain, Sutil went off at Abbey corner after brake failure in Q1. Qualifying was red flagged and as a result no one else could post a lap time. This meant that Sutil was to start from 18th on the grid, although the team had hoped that both Sutil and Giancarlo Fisichella would get into Q2. Due to the damage caused by the accident he had to start from the pit lane because he needed to use a new car and a new engine, and went on to finish 17th in an uneventful race.
In Germany, Sutil took advantage of the unpredictable conditions in qualifying, and secured his best-ever qualifying position of seventh. In the race, he was lying in second place for a while before his first pit stop. However, a collision with Kimi Räikkönen after coming out of the pit lane meant he had to pit again to replace his front wing. He finished 15th. It was the second time that a collision with Räikkönen cost Sutil the chance to score points, after the previous incident at the 2008 Monaco Grand Prix.
In Hungary, he was forced to retire after just two laps because a water temperature problem caused the engine to overheat, after qualifying 17th.
In Valencia, new aerodynamic upgrades for the VJM02 saw him qualify 12th, and he then raced steadily to finish 10th, demonstrating that the team were at last showing signs of competitiveness, as teammate Fisichella finished 12th behind Heidfeld's BMW Sauber.
In Belgium, he qualified 11th, although the main celebrations in the Force India pit were for teammate Giancarlo Fisichella's excellent pole position. Sutil finished 11th, while Fisichella finished less than a second behind Kimi Räikkönen's race-winning Ferrari.
At the , Sutil took his career best qualifying result of second place and finished fourth in the race behind Räikkönen, despite accidentally overshooting his mechanics during his final pit stop, but they suffered only minor injuries. He also recorded the fastest lap of the race, his first in Formula One and the first fastest lap recorded for Force India. This finish would be the best of his F1 career.
In Singapore, Sutil was forced to retire after he collided with Nick Heidfeld of BMW Sauber, moving into his path as he recovered from a spin. After the race, Sutil was reprimanded by race stewards and fined $20,000 for causing an avoidable accident.
In Japan, Sutil took his second best career qualifying result of fourth, but was given a 5 grid place penalty along with Jenson Button, Rubens Barrichello and Fernando Alonso for not slowing down while yellow flags were waved (due to a crash by Sebastien Buemi, who was also demoted five places for attempting to drive his badly damaged Toro Rosso back to the pits) and started the race from eighth on the grid. Sutil finished 13th.
In the wet qualifying session in Brazil, Sutil qualified third, but retired on lap one following a collision with the Toyota of Jarno Trulli. Out of control on the wet grass outside Turn 5, Trulli hit Sutil, and then slid back onto the track and struck Alonso's Renault, resulting in all three being out of the race. Trulli blamed Sutil for pushing him outside the track at the fifth corner and thus causing the accident, and furiously berated the German at the side of the track in full-view of worldwide TV cameras. This time the stewards took no action against Sutil for the accident, while Trulli was fined $10,000 for his unacceptable behaviour. The matter was not resolved however, as Sutil and Trulli still argued about the accident two weeks later at the driver's press conference for the .
In Abu Dhabi, Sutil was unusually off the pace, qualifying only 18th on the grid. Although he overtook several cars during the race, a poor pit strategy resulted in Sutil finishing the race at the back of the field, scrapping with Fisichella (who had joined Ferrari) and Renault's Romain Grosjean. The German eventually finished 17th, 1 lap down but ahead of the Frenchman.
2010
Sutil was in talks with Force India to renew his contract, and on 27 November 2009, the team announced that the German's contract had been renewed, while test-driver Vitantonio Liuzzi was given a full-time race seat. Sutil qualified tenth for the first two races of the year, but a collision with Robert Kubica in Bahrain and a mechanical failure in Australia meant he was unable to score points in either race. However, Sutil commented that the performances proved that the team could now score points in dry races. This comment was backed up by Sutil's fifth-place finish in the following race in Malaysia. In China he finished 11th. In Spain he finished 7th and in Monaco he finished 8th. Sutil again finished in the points in Turkey with a 9th place. He followed this result with points scoring finishes in the next three rounds in Canada, Europe and Britain.
2011
Sutil remained with Force India for , and was joined by DTM champion Paul di Resta. In the first three races of the season, Sutil was out-qualified by di Resta. Sutil finished ninth in the , at the expense of the Sauber cars being disqualified from the race, having finished eleventh on the road. In Malaysia, Sutil finished eleventh, just behind di Resta, and in China, he qualified eleventh. In Monaco, he had his best result of the season, finishing seventh. He retired in Canada after hitting a wall, which resulted in damage to his car's suspension. A ninth-place finish in Valencia was followed by eleventh at the , missing out on the final points-scoring position, held by Jaime Alguersuari, by just 0.6 seconds. At his home race, Sutil took a season best finish of sixth place, after implementing a different strategy to some of the drivers around him on the grid, making just two pit stops to the three made by his rivals.
Despite qualifying in the top ten in Hungary, Sutil could only finish 14th, before another points-scoring finish – finishing seventh, after starting 15th on the grid after an accident in qualifying – at the . He retired at Monza after his car suffered a hydraulics problem, before an eighth-place finish in Singapore, holding off a late-race challenge from Felipe Massa. In Japan, Sutil ran inside the top ten placings for much of the race, but finished the race just outside the points in eleventh place, having been passed by Vitaly Petrov and Nico Rosberg in the closing stages of the race. Another eleventh place followed in Korea, before a ninth-place finish in the inaugural race in India. At the final race in Brazil, Sutil matched his best finish of the season with sixth place, and as a result, moved into ninth place in the final championship standings. As a result of his assault convictions (see above), Sutil was released at the end of the 2011 season and replaced with Nico Hülkenberg.
2013
On 28 February 2013, Force India announced that Sutil would return to the team to complete their driver lineup alongside Paul di Resta. He finished seventh at the season-opening , impressing on his comeback by leading for a number of laps throughout the race.
In Malaysia, he retired from the race following problems with a new captive wheel nut system that the team had introduced at the beginning of the season.
He also retired from the , after being hit by Esteban Gutiérrez. After two non-points finishes he showed a respectable performance at the Monaco Grand Prix by overtaking the world champions Fernando Alonso and Jenson Button to finally end up in 5th position.
Sauber (2014)
It was announced on 13 December 2013 that Sutil would join Sauber for 2014. For the first six races of the 2014 season Sutil struggled with a car which lacked pace and he also made a number of mistakes which lost him possible points finishes.
In November 2014, it was announced he would be dropped and replaced for the 2015 Formula One season.
Williams (2015)
Sutil joined Williams as a reserve driver prior to the 2015 Malaysian Grand Prix. Sutil was appointed after Williams driver Valtteri Bottas was injured during the , with the team wanting an experienced race driver to deputise for either Bottas or Felipe Massa to maximise their constructors championship points, should either race driver be unable to participate.
Racing record
Career summary
Complete Formula Three Euroseries results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete All-Japan Formula Three results
(key)
Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as they had completed >90% of the race distance.
References
External links
F1Fanatic.co.uk – Who's Who: Adrian Sutil
1983 births
Living people
People from Starnberg
German people of Uruguayan descent
German expatriate sportspeople in Japan
German expatriates in Switzerland
Racing drivers from Bavaria
German racing drivers
German Formula One drivers
Spyker Formula One drivers
Force India Formula One drivers
Sauber Formula One drivers
Formula BMW ADAC drivers
Formula 3 Euro Series drivers
Japanese Formula 3 Championship drivers
Super GT drivers
A1 Team Germany drivers
Kolles Racing drivers
ART Grand Prix drivers
TOM'S drivers |
4009986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses%20Harvey | Moses Harvey | Moses Harvey (March 21, 1820 – September 3, 1901) was an Irish-born Newfoundland clergyman, essayist and naturalist. He was born in Armagh, Ireland, and died in St. John's, Newfoundland.
Harvey was of Scottish descent and was educated at the Royal Academical Institute at Belfast. He became an ordained minister in the Presbyterian ministry in 1844. Harvey served at the John Street Presbyterian Church, Maryport, Cumberland, England, until he emigrated to St. John's in 1852 with his bride Sarah Anne Browne. He served at St. Andrews Free Presbyterian Church in St. John's. He wrote over 900 articles for the Montreal Gazette over a 24-year period, some under the pen name Delta. Harvey is the co-founder of the Evening Mercury newspaper.
Harvey studied many aspects of Newfoundland's natural history, most notably the habits of the giant squid. One species, Architeuthis harveyi, was named in recognition of his work. It was largely through his efforts that the giant squid became known to British and American zoologists.
Harvey's interests in Newfoundland were varied: he had called for the creation of a cross-island railroad, he was president of the St. John's Athenaeum Society, he pressed for the development of mining in Newfoundland and he also catalogued the rocks, birds and wild flowers of the island. In 1885 he published the book Text Book of Newfoundland History. His best-known and most prominent book was Newfoundland, The Oldest British Colony, which he co-authored with Joseph Hatton and published in 1883. In 1886, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and of the Royal Society of Canada in 1891. Harvey was awarded the honorary degree of LL.D. from McGill University in 1891.
Harvey served as Secretary to the Newfoundland Fisheries Commission and wrote and lectured a remarkable document entitled The Artificial Propagation of Marine Food Fishes and Edible Crustaceans, which was published in the Royal Society's transactions for 1892–1893 (volume 9).
He died in 1901.
See also
List of people of Newfoundland and Labrador
References
External links
ITIS Report on Taxonomic Serial No.: 82393
1820 births
1901 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Scottish Presbyterian ministers
Canadian Presbyterian ministers
People from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Newfoundland
People from Armagh (city)
Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent |
4009992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland%20Youth%20Philharmonic | Portland Youth Philharmonic | The Portland Youth Philharmonic (PYP) is the oldest youth orchestra in the United States, established in 1924 as the Portland Junior Symphony (PJS). Now based in Portland, Oregon, the orchestra's origin dates back to 1910, when music teacher Mary V. Dodge began playing music for local children in Burns, Oregon. Dodge purchased instruments for the children and organized the orchestra, which would become known as the Sagebrush Symphony Orchestra. After touring the state, including a performance at the Oregon State Fair in Salem, the orchestra disbanded in 1918 when Dodge moved to Portland. There, Dodge opened a violin school and became music director of the Irvington School Orchestra.
Hoping to create a permanent youth symphony, Dodge approached Jacques Gershkovitch in 1924 to serve as music director of the Portland Junior Symphony. The ensemble performed for the first time in 1925, and by the 1930s, PJS concerts were being broadcast nationally. Following Gershkovitch's death in 1953, alumnus Jacob Avshalomov became the orchestra's music director. The ensemble's name was changed to the Portland Youth Philharmonic in 1978.
The PYP has had five conductors and music directors during its history: Gershkovitch (1924–1953), Avshalomov (1954–1995), Huw Edwards (1995–2002), Mei-Ann Chen (2002–2007), and professional clarinetist David Hattner (2008–present). The PYP's umbrella organization, the Portland Youth Philharmonic Association, consists of four ensembles, including the Philharmonic Orchestra, the Conservatory Orchestra, the Wind Ensemble, and the Young String Ensemble. Participating musicians range in age from seven to twenty-two years and attend dozens of schools within the Portland metropolitan area and surrounding communities.
History
Mary V. Dodge and the Sagebrush Symphony Orchestra
Mary V. Dodge (birth name Mary B. Thompson) was born in Arkansas in 1876. When she was five years old, her father died, causing her and her sisters to be placed in an orphanage while their mother finished nursing school. Mary Thompson became interested in music while attending a Catholic boarding school, and later became a musician and teacher in Boston and New York City. After moving to Portland, Oregon, where her aunt owned a boarding house, she met and married civil engineer and double bass player Mott Dodge. Soon after they married, Mott was transferred to Harney County for a work project.
In 1910, they settled in Burns in an engineering camp known as the "Boston tents". Mary and Mott had one child, Glen, who learned from his mother how to play the fiddle starting at a young age. A classically trained violinist with a "love of children and ... a deeply democratic view about making music", Dodge began teaching local children how to play string instruments, first in resident tents then in a photography studio. With assistance from parents and a professional flautist from Italy, who taught the children how to play wind instruments and conducted, Dodge assembled a small orchestra. According to former violin student Ruth Saunders, "All of the sighing, tooting and drumming soon made the citizens aware that something was going on, and due to her powers of persuasion, they found themselves devoting their time, talents, money and children to the creation of the Sagebrush Orchestra."
The orchestra's first concert was held in 1912 at Tonawama Hall in Burns. With funds provided by rancher Bill Hanley, lawyer and artist Charles Erskine Scott Wood, and additional Burns businessmen, Dodge purchased musical instruments for the children and expanded the orchestra to between thirty and thirty-five members. By 1915, the orchestra was touring throughout eastern Oregon on a Chautauqua circuit. With $2,000 in funds raised by the aforementioned businessmen, the ensemble visited western Oregon in September 1916 and performed seven concerts in a two-day period. By that point known as the Sagebrush Symphony Orchestra, the ensemble won $100 at the Oregon State Fair in Salem and performed several concerts in Portland, including one at the Imperial Hotel and one for opera singer Ernestine Schumann-Heink at the Portland Hotel. During the symphony's week-long tour, one Oregonian reporter wrote: "The journey of the little people is considered one of the finest exhibitions of community spirit ever shown in this state." Schumann-Heink planned to support the orchestra's efforts to tour, and promised to host a benefit concert the following year. However, the nation's involvement in World War I interrupted plans for additional tours. The orchestra disbanded in 1918 when Dodge relocated to Portland.
Establishment of the Portland Junior Symphony
Mary Dodge initially returned to Portland with her husband when he was transferred there for work, but when his job fell through, the couple separated and Mary remained in Portland. Now a single woman, Dodge changed her name to Mary V. Dodge, with the "V" standing for "violin". She opened a violin school and became music director of the Irvington Grade School orchestra. With the hope of creating a permanent youth symphony, Dodge began hosting rehearsals in her attic. However, due to gender inequality in the United States at the time, Dodge knew that a professional male conductor would need to lead the orchestra.
Dodge approached Jacques Gershkovitch, a Russian immigrant in Portland who was guest conductor for the Portland Symphony (which would later become the Oregon Symphony), after seeing him conduct. Though Gershkovitch first explained that he did not teach children, Dodge insisted that he listen to the youth ensemble she had assembled. One orchestra member recalled: "I well remember the excitement of that night when Gershkovitch climbed the stairs to Mary Dodge's attic, where we had assembled to play for him. He listened as we played our hearts out. He applauded us and said that if we got the missing instruments, he would take us on." In an attempt to hand over the baton to Gershkovitch, he simply said to Dodge, "I take." Initially, Dodge remained as associate director of the orchestra; she also assisted with sectional rehearsals, appointed a board of directors, and renamed the ensemble to the Portland Junior Symphony Orchestra in 1924. The original board of directors established the mission of the orchestra: "to encourage appreciation and rendition of orchestral music by young people, to give public symphonic and popular concerts, to discover and develop latent talent among the children of Portland". Six years later, the orchestra was financially sound, and Dodge resigned to focus on teaching. She also became increasingly dedicated to a scientific approach to bowing. Dodge died in 1954.
Jacques Gershkovitch (1924–1953)
Born in 1884 to a Jewish family in Irkutsk, Russia, Gershkovitch grew up listening to chamber music and was sent to Saint Petersburg in his late teens to study at the Imperial Conservatory. Gershkovitch arrived with "17 rubles in his pocket and his flute under his arm"; he auditioned and was awarded a scholarship. At the Conservatory, he learned from respected Russian composers such as Alexander Glazunov, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Nikolai Tcherepnin, and completed coursework in opera and ballet production. In 1913, he graduated with honors in flute and conducting, and was awarded the Schubert Scholarship for a year of study under German conductor Arthur Nikisch in Berlin. However, World War I forced Gershkovitch to return to Irkutsk and enlist in the military. Gershkovitch began his conducting career as head of the Imperial Russian Army's military symphony orchestra, a position he held through the 1917 revolution. In 1918, Gershkovitch married in Irkutsk and established a successful fine arts conservatory and symphony orchestra, which continued under the Bolshevik regime. Gershkovitch and his wife left Russia in 1921 for China, where they befriended composer Aaron Avshalomov. Ballerina Anna Pavlova offered Gershkovitch an assistant conductor position with her orchestra, which was touring throughout the Orient. Gershkovitch settled in Tokyo to lead the newly organized Tokyo Symphony Orchestra until the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923 "disorganized all the business and musical interests of the city". The couple fled Japan and arrived in San Francisco in November 1923. They eventually made their way to Portland in 1924; it was here that Gershkovitch was approached by Dodge to lead the Portland Junior Symphony. Gershkovitch taught flute and conducted the Ellison-White Conservatory's student orchestra, at the time directed by Jacob Avshalomov, until his new PJS duties required his full attention.
The symphony performed for the first time on February 14, 1925, at Portland's Lincoln High School Auditorium (which later became Portland State University's Lincoln Hall), performing Schubert's Unfinished Symphony. At the ensemble's first rehearsal, Gershkovitch introduced the composition and said, "You play, or I keel you", in his heavy Russian accent. Concert attendees reportedly rushed the stage after the debut concert to congratulate the musicians, Gershkovitch and Dodge, who was present and was called to the stage. One reviewer for the Oregon Sunday Journal wrote the following day that the "audience that almost filled the auditorium to capacity broke into storm upon storm of applause". According to Ronald Russell, author of A New West to Explore (1938), the audience "had experienced a new emotional thrill, and forthwith became strong advocates and supporters of the junior symphony cause."
In spring 1925, the orchestra gained national attention by performing at the convention of the National Federation of Music Clubs in Portland. The Sunday Oregonian reported that convention attendees were "so deeply impressed that they declared it unhesitatingly the most wonderful organization of its kind in the entire country". The symphony's second season premiered to a capacity audience on November 25, 1925, with the 75-member ensemble performing Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in its entirety along with "In the Village" from Ippolitov-Ivanov's Caucasian Sketches, the waltz from Rebikov's The Christmas Tree and the march from Wagner's opera Tannhäuser.
Early in the organization's history, the Portland Junior Symphony consisted of a full symphony orchestra, a choir, and a ballet unit. According to Wither Youth (1935), approximately 350 young artists participated in these groups each season (about 100 in the orchestra, 150 in the chorus, and 100 in the ballet). Membership was granted on "merit, ability, seriousness and interest", and there were no tuition fees for participation (this has since changed). Orchestra members were also encouraged to take private lessons. The minimum schedule for participants included two rehearsals during each week of the eight-month season, along with dress rehearsals prior to performances. Three or four concerts were presented each season, many at Portland Public Auditorium (now known as Keller Auditorium). The organization was sustained financially through concert admission and donations—instruments, funds towards scholarships and the general endowment, and music for the association's library were also accepted to ensure the symphony's continued viability.
Gershkovitch, known for his discipline and high performance standards, conducted the orchestra for 29 years, gaining national attention for the ensemble and pioneering the youth orchestra movement. By the 1930s, PJS concerts were broadcast nationally on the CBS Radio Network. In 1956 and 1958, both NBC and CBS transmitted broadcasts of the orchestra's programs across the United States, and three transcribed programs were broadcast overseas by Voice of America. Gershkovitch was also responsible for adding a Preparatory Orchestra (later renamed the Conservatory Orchestra) due to increased membership. Gershkovitch tried to incorporate at least one American composition in each concert. He had a distinctive personality and way with words, using expressions (recollected in one former student's diary) such as "More nicely, can't you more?" and "Debussy is beauty, French beauty". For 25 years, David Campbell served as Master of Ceremonies for the Children's Concerts, since Gershkovitch "never gained a command of English sufficient enough for public use". Gershkovitch's often-quoted philosophy was that he did "not teach music", but rather he taught "young people through music". Though there were times when he also wished to conduct professional ensembles, Gershkovitch's primary concern was educating the youth. Apart from music education, Gershkovitch stressed the importance of proper conduct, manners, and "values in life and art" as ways to build character. Following Gershkovitch's death in 1953, guest conductors led the orchestra for its 30th season—one conductor was Jacob Avshalomov, a Columbia University teacher and PJS alumnus who had studied under Gershkovitch while a student at Reed College from 1939 to 1941.
Jacob Avshalomov (1954–1995)
Jacob Avshalomov was born on March 28, 1919, in Tsingtao, China. His father was Aaron Avshalomov, the Siberian-born composer known for "oriental musical materials cast in western forms and media", and mother was from San Francisco. Jacob received musical instruction from his father at a young age. At age eight, Avshalomov visited Portland from China with his parents, who were guests of Gershkovitch for several months in 1927. Aaron Avshalomov had become friends with Gershkovitch in the Orient (when Gershkovitch and his wife met Aaron, Jacob was three years old). However, because they did not hold permanent visas, the family returned to China. Jacob graduated from British and American schools before age fifteen, then worked as a factory supervisor in Tientsin, Shanghai and Beijing over a span of four years. Avshalomov was also active in sports and won the diving championship of North China. In 1937, Avshalomov assisted his father in Shanghai with ballet production and worked on scores. He then enlisted with a British volunteer corps after Japan's invasion of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and eventually returned to the United States with his mother in December 1937. Avshalomov spent a year in Los Angeles, followed by two years in Portland, Oregon, and two more years at the Eastman School of Music. During World War II, he lived in London, where he conducted a performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion.
Avshalomov became the Portland Junior Symphony second orchestra conductor in 1954. During his forty-year tenure, Avshalomov produced several recordings, several of which included pieces commissioned by the orchestra, making PJS the first known recording orchestra in the Pacific Northwest. He led the ensemble on its first international tour in 1970. The orchestra became known as the Portland Youth Philharmonic in 1978. 1984 marked the orchestra's sixtieth anniversary as well as Avshalomov's thirtieth year as conductor. Avshalomov retired in 1995 after an estimated 640 concerts and 10,000 auditions.
Huw Edwards (1995–2002)
Huw Edwards, born in South Wales, moved with his parents to England and sang in choirs as a child. He witnessed his first opera, Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera, at eleven years old when his parents took him to the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden. Just seven years later, he was on that same podium conducting W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan's operetta H.M.S. Pinafore. Edwards has been conducting since age seventeen, when he became music director of the Maidstone Opera Company in England, a position he held for six years. Edwards attended the University of Surrey, where he conducted the college orchestra, along with an ensemble that he formed on his own. At 23 years old, he won a conducting competition which sent him to the University of Surrey in England and Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. Edwards moved to the Pacific Northwest after he held a lecturer position at Northwestern University in Chicago, where he was also a doctoral candidate.
Edwards become music director of the Portland Youth Philharmonic in 1995. In 1997, he was honored by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) for his programming. Edwards also made five recordings during his tenure and led the orchestra on two international tours: Canada in 1998, and Australia/New Zealand in 2000. PYP represented the United States at the Banff International Festival of Youth Orchestras in 1998. Edwards established a peer mentoring program that partnered orchestra musicians with low-income students who had little access to music education. From 1998 to 2005, he was a faculty member at the Marrowstone Music Festival. During the same period, Edwards left PYP in 2002 for a position with the Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestra, which he also held until 2005. Edwards was appointed music director of the Olympia Symphony Orchestra in 2003.
Mei-Ann Chen (2002–2007)
Native to Taiwan, Mei-Ann Chen wanted to be a conductor from the age of ten. She began playing violin and piano starting at a young age and collected batons, believing that "different pieces needed different kinds of batons". In 1989, Chen attended a concert in Taipei by the American Youth Orchestra, a touring ensemble of Boston's New England Conservatory. The day following the concert, Chen played for conductor Benjamin Zander in a closed basement hotel bar and was offered a scholarship immediately. She performed with the American Youth Orchestra for two months before being invited to attend the Walnut Hill School, a preparatory school linked to the New England Conservatory, at age sixteen. For more than three years, Chen lived with a couple in Boston she referred to as her "American parents" (Mark Churchill and Marylou Speaker Churchill; the latter was once a member of the Portland Junior Symphony). Chen continued her undergraduate and graduate work at the Conservatory and became the first person to graduate from the institution with a double master's degree in conducting and violin performance. Chen remained in Boston for nine years, then enrolled at the University of Michigan to obtain a Doctor of Musical Arts degree in conducting.
Chen became PYP's fourth conductor in 2002 after being selected by a committee of "musically inclined" parents, a member of the orchestra, and representatives from the Oregon Symphony and Portland Opera. She conducted both the Philharmonic ensemble as well as the Conservatory Orchestra. During her five-year tenure with the organization, PYP debuted at Carnegie Hall, received its third ASCAP award in 2004 for innovating programming, and began collaborating with the Oregon Symphony (Chen was the ensemble's assistant conductor from 2003 to 2005) and Chamber Music Northwest. In April 2005, Chen became the first woman to win the Malko Competition, the "world's most prestigious prize" for young conductors. She also won the Taki Concordia Fellowship in 2007, an award established by Baltimore Symphony Orchestra music director Marin Alsop to support "promising" female conductors. Chen was presented the Sunburst Award by Young Audiences for her contribution to music education and was named "Educator of the Week" by KKCW.
While conductor of the Philharmonic, Chen set up a box in her office so that students could leave notes for her. One musician in the orchestra felt that Chen was "kind of formal" during rehearsal but felt "like a big sister" once practice ended. Chen has been described as a "firecracker: small, bright and full of ka-boom", and her enthusiasm at times caused her to lose her breath. One board member of the organization praised Chen's attitude and felt that her lack of ego was a "rare quality in top symphony performers".
Chen turned down a position with the Oregon Symphony to continue work at PYP. In 2007, she accompanied the orchestra on an international tour to Asia, where her parents saw her conduct for the first time. The Philharmonic offered a total of six performances between June 29 and July 17 in Kaohsiung, Tainan and Taipei, Taiwan, as well as in Seoul and Ulsan, South Korea. Though Chen initially thought she would remain with the Philharmonic for ten years, she left in 2007 to become assistant conductor of the Atlanta Symphony. She said of her departure: "The musicians at PYP have become my kids. When I look back, these five years will always be the most memorable time of my musical career." Guest conductors during the 2007–2008 season included Ken Selden, director of orchestral studies at Portland State University, former Seattle Symphony conductor Alastair Willis, and former PYP conductors Huw Edwards and Chen herself.
David Hattner (2008–present)
David Hattner was chosen from a field of candidates to be the conductor and music director of PYP in 2008. A graduate of Northwestern University, Hattner was a clarinet student of Robert Marcellus. Before joining PYP, he had conducted Camerata Atlantica, the Garden State Philharmonic Orchestra and the Oklahoma Chamber Ensemble, and guest-conducted the Brooklyn Symphony Orchestra, Cincinnati Chamber Orchestra, Ensemble Sospeso, International Contemporary Ensemble and the Massapequa Philharmonic Orchestra. Hattner also participated in the American Academy of Conducting at Aspen three times, where he studied with Murry Sidlin and David Zinman. He has been the principal clarinet with the Cascade Music Festival Orchestra in Bend, the Key West Symphony Orchestra, the New Jersey Opera Theater, and the Princeton Symphony Orchestra. Hattner made his Oregon Symphony debut in January 2011. In addition to conducting and clarinet performance, Hattner has participated in live multimedia performances, accompanying silent films both nationally and internationally. PYP began offering Chamber Orchestra concerts during Hattner's tenure.
Today, the Portland Youth Philharmonic consists of four ensembles: the Portland Youth Philharmonic Orchestra, the Portland Youth Conservatory Orchestra, the Portland Youth Wind Ensemble, and the Young String Ensemble. Each group is selected in open auditions in the spring and fall and is highly selective.
Performances
Having previously conducted ballet repertory, Gershkovitch was approached in 1934 by Willam Christensen of the Portland Creative Theatre and School of Music, Drama, and Dance to collaborate. Gershkovitch suggested that the Portland Junior Symphony and the ballet studio perform portions of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker as part of Portland's annual Rose Festival. 5,000 spectators attended the Rose Queen coronation ceremony at Civic Auditorium to witness the production, which featured 100 ballerinas and dancers. The production was deemed a success for all involved and established Christensen as "Portland's leading ballet teacher". Gershkovitch and Christensen collaborated at the Rose Festival the following year (1935), performing Coppélia twice to enthusiastic crowds.
In 1998, PYP was the sole representative of the United States at the Banff International Festival of Youth Orchestras in Canada. The orchestra's Carnegie Hall debut was in 2004. In October 2010, PYP returned to Burns, Oregon, to celebrate the centennial anniversary of the establishment of the Sagebrush Symphony. A special performance honored Mary Dodge, the history of the organization and music educators with music by Howard Hanson and Charles Ives.
International tours
PJS made its first international tour to England, Italy and Portugal in 1970. Subsequent international tours included Japan in 1979; Austria and Yugoslavia in 1984; Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany and Hungary in 1989; Japan and South Korea in 1992 and Germany in 1994. Prior to the 1984 visit to Europe, the orchestra celebrated its sixtieth anniversary by performing at Avery Fisher Hall in New York City alongside the New York Philharmonic. The concert consisted of three pieces performed by PYP and conducted by Avshalomov ("Dance of the Clowns" from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's opera The Maid of Orleans, the first movement of Schubert's Unfinished Symphony and the fourth movement of Avshalomov's own symphony, The Oregon), a performance by the New York Philharmonic under Leonard Bernstein's leadership and finally Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet conducted by Bernstein with a combined ensemble of 210 musicians.
The orchestra traveled to Australia and New Zealand in 2000 under the leadership of Huw Edwards, performing Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No. 10. In 2007, PYP performed six concerts throughout Taiwan (in Kaohsiung, Tainan and Taipei) and South Korea (Ulsan and Seoul).
Awards and recognitions
In 1993, ASCAP honored PYP with its award for "Adventuresome Programming of Contemporary Music". ASCAP presented PYP with second and third awards in 1997 and 2004, respectively. In 2010, PYP received the Oregon Symphony's Patty Vemer Excellence in Music Education Award. Created in memory of Patty Vemer, once the director of music education at the Oregon Symphony, the award "honors those who have made significant contributions to music education and their community and who have served as an inspiration to their students". This marked the first year the award had been given to an organization.
Alumni
Notable alumni of the orchestra include Robert Mann, who helped found the Juilliard String Quartet, and Eugene Linden, founder and conductor of the Tacoma Philharmonic Orchestra. Additional students of Gershkovitch who later became professional musicians include Jesse Kregal, Marilynn (Nudelman) Kregal, Barry Lamont, Beverly LeBeck, Frederic Rothchild, Warren Signor and Jacob Avshalomov himself.
Other professional musicians who were once part of the orchestra include Glenn Reeves, later a principal violist for the Oregon Symphony; Brian Hamilton, who became a cellist for the Tacoma Philharmonic Orchestra; and Marion Fox, who later joined the Oregon Symphony as a violinist. Harp player Frances Pozzi and Earl Rankin later became staff artists for KOIN and KGW, respectively.
Recordings
Oregon Composers (1994, Albany), conducted by Jacob Avshalomov
Portland Youth Philharmonic: Live in Concert (1996, Portland Youth Philharmonic), conducted by Huw Edwards
Fountain of Youth (March 27, 1998, Portland Youth Philharmonic), conducted by Edwards, recorded live at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall
The Territory Beyond (2000, Portland Youth Philharmonic), conducted by Edwards
Reaching New Heights (2002, Portland Youth Philharmonic), conducted by Edwards
With Jacob Avshalomov
Portland Youth Philharmonic (1992, CRI)
Music by Avshalomov, Harris & Ward (1994, CRI)
Jacob Avshalomov: Symphony of Songs, etc. (1995, Albany)
Avshalomov: Fabled Cities (1998, Albany)
See also
American classical music
List of symphony orchestras in the United States
List of youth orchestras in the United States
Music education for young children
Music education in the United States
References
Works cited
Note: Profile for Jacob Avshalomov (pp. 49–52) by David Campbell.
Further reading
External links
Portland Youth Philharmonic's official site
Portland Youth Philharmonic at Allmusic
Interview with Jacob Avshalomov, March 3, 1986
1924 establishments in Oregon
Albany Records artists
American youth orchestras
Musical groups established in 1924
Musical groups from Portland, Oregon
Orchestras based in Oregon
Organizations based in Portland, Oregon
Youth organizations based in Oregon |
4009993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane%20%28American%20TV%20series%29 | Shane (American TV series) | Shane was an American Western television series which aired on ABC in 1966. It was based on the 1949 book of the same name by Jack Schaefer and the 1953 classic film starring Alan Ladd. David Carradine portrayed the titular character in the television series, a former gunfighter and sometimes outlaw who takes a job as a hired hand at the ranch of a widowed woman, her son, and her father-in-law.
Premise
The series follows the 1953 movie in its general premise, even in the lead character's buckskin shirt and concho gun belt, but departs from it in several important aspects:
The Shane, Marian, and Joey characters are much younger; Marian is a widow who lives with her father-in-law Tom, and Shane has lived with them for a while already when the story starts. That is the basis for a romance subplot that constitutes the arch of the whole series; nearly every person who meets them supposes Shane and Marian are a couple. Her father-in-law approves it, and the boy Joey idolizes Shane. However, as she doesn't dare to give the first step (even less when Shane is a man who gives no hint of any romantic interest), and he sees himself as the less desirable suitor Marian could ever have, their mutual feelings aren't expressed.
Despite his wish to leave that part of his life behind, Shane resources to his gun often, which prompts Tom Starett's comment that he is as addicted to it as Tom himself is addicted to alcohol. That also means that the homesteaders tend to see him as a defender as much as a danger.
The action happens around a settlement called Crossroads, which has no law officer, judge, or physician. For that reason Sam Grafton is a more important character, functioning as everybody's counselor, and even as an emergency surgeon. His helper Ben is also a more defined and comical character than in the movie.
Rufe Ryker, the open-range cattleman, alive here until the end of the series, has his own dramatic arc: he starts as an absolute enemy of the “sodbusters”, as evil and ruthless as in the movie. Later, he becomes the occasional ally of Shane or the homesteaders when his interests are affected or a common danger approaches; also, given the strength he has by his team of cowhands, he functions as a law enforcer. The character evolves to the point that at the end he is an acceptable suitor for Marian's hand. Bert Freed as Ryker started the season clean-shaven and let his beard grow from week to week, never shaving throughout the rest of the series, adding a rather unique element of verisimilitude.
Cast
David Carradine as Shane
Jill Ireland as Marian Starett
Chris Shea as Joey Starett
Tom Tully as Tom Starett
Bert Freed as Rufe Ryker
Sam Gilman as Grafton
Owen Bush as Ben
Lawrence Mann as Harve
Ned Romero as Chips
Cast comparison
Production
The series was shot at the Paramount Studios and the Paramount Ranch, California, unlike the 1953 movie, whose exteriors were shot in Wyoming. That makes the characters be seen carrying slickers on their saddles while riding in a rather dry landscape.
In 1966, after Paramount sold the rights to ABC, the TV company got Herbert Brodkin and his Titus Productions, Inc. Brodkin offered the producer job to Denne Bart Petitclerc, with David Shaw as executive producer; William Blinn was offered the job of story editor (credited as story consultant).
According to Blinn, as Brodkin came from the experience of shows shot in interiors like The Defenders, The Nurses and Coronet Blue, Shane rarely went on location and was a minimalist western of sorts because the Brodkin organization would not permit any deficit spending. Still, Brodkin gave the series his characteristic quality of production, strong characterizations, and stories that asked the audience to think.
The biggest problem Shane faced was the inevitable comparison to the 1953 movie; the greatest asset they had to overcome that obstacle was the casting of David Carradine: “David was kind of that character. He’s got his own rhythms, he’s got his own stance and attitude and point of view, and that’s a good and creative thing to do,” stated Blinn. Also, the quality of the show rested on team effort, with the inclusion of the cast in story conferences, the hiring of talented directors like Robert Butler or David Greene, and writers as Ernest Kinoy.
Toward the cancellation of the series, the Brodkin organization cut back the budget drastically; according to Blinn, what doomed the series was ABC asking for more action, and Brodkin refusing, arguing the need to stay within the assigned budget, and doing the show in his own way. Also, the low ratings were decisive: Shane had been put in the time slot of the Saturday nights, opposite The Jackie Gleason Show, one of the most popular TV programs of the time.
Episode list
Home media
On March 10, 2015, Timeless Media Group released Shane: The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1.
References
External links
1960s Western (genre) television series
American Broadcasting Company original programming
1966 American television series debuts
1966 American television series endings
Television shows based on American novels
Television remakes of films
Television series by CBS Studios |
4009994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine%20discoid%20lupus%20erythematosus | Canine discoid lupus erythematosus | Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is an uncommon autoimmune disease of the basal cell layer of the skin. It occurs in humans and cats, more frequently occurring in dogs. It was first described in dogs by Griffin and colleagues in 1979. DLE is one form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). DLE occurs in dogs in two forms: a classical facial predominant form or generalized with other areas of the body affected. Other non-discoid variants of CLE include vesicular CLE, exfoliative CLE and mucocutaenous CLE. It does not progress to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in dogs. SLE can also have skin symptoms, but it appears that the two are either separate diseases. DLE in dogs differs from SLE in humans in that plasma cells predominate histologically instead of T lymphocytes. Because worsening of symptoms occurs with increased ultraviolet light exposure, sun exposure most likely plays a role in DLE, although certain breeds (see below) are predisposed. After pemphigus foliaceus, DLE is the second most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs.
Symptoms
The most common initial symptom is scaling and loss of pigment on the nose. The surface of the nose becomes smooth gray, and ulcerated, instead of the normal black cobblestone texture. Over time the lips, the skin around the eyes, the ears, and the genitals may become involved. Lesions may progress to ulceration and lead to tissue destruction. DLE is often worse in summer due to increased sun exposure.
Diagnosis
DLE is easily confused with solar dermatitis, pemphigus, ringworm, and other types of dermatitis. Biopsy is required to make the distinction. Histopathologically, there is inflammation at the dermoepidermal junction and degeneration of the basal cell layer. Unlike in SLE, an anti-nuclear antibody test is usually negative.
Treatment
Avoiding sun exposure and the use of sunscreens (not containing zinc oxide as this is toxic to dogs) is important. Topical therapy includes corticosteroid and tacrolimus use. Oral vitamin E or omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are also used. More refractory cases may require the use of oral niacinamide and tetracycline or immuno-suppressive medication such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, or chlorambucil. Treatment is often lifelong, but there is a good prognosis for long-term remission.
Commonly affected dog breed
Alaskan Malamute
Collie
German Shepherd Dog
Shetland Sheepdog
Siberian Husky
Brittany
German Shorthaired Pointer
Africanis
Rottweilers
References
Discoid lupus erythematosus
Autoimmune diseases |
4009995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dattilam | Dattilam | Dattilam (दत्तिलम्) is an ancient Indian musical text ascribed to the sage (muni) Dattila. It is believed to have been composed shortly after the Natya Shastra of Bharata, and is dated between the 1st and 4th century AD. But Bharathamuni had given reference of the treatise " Dattilam" in his celebrated work "Natyashastra"(1-26) so there is a belief that Dattilam may be a work composed before Bharata Muni.
Written in 244 verses, Dattilam claims to be a synthesis of earlier works on music. The text marks the transition from the sama-gayan (ritual chants as in the Samaveda), to what is known as gandharva music, after the gandharvas, musically adept spirits who are first mentioned in the Mahabharata. Dattilam discusses scales (swara), the base note (sthana), and defines a tonal framework called grama in terms of 22 micro-tonal intervals (sruti) comprising one octave. It also discusses various arrangements of the notes (murchhana), the permutations and combinations of note-sequences (tanas), and alankara or elaboration.
The melodic structure is categorized into 18 groups called jati, which are the fundamental melodic structures pre-dating the concept of the raga.
The names of the jatis reflect regional origins, e.g. andhri (Andhra Pradesh), oudichya (Orissa).
(Note that many modern raga names are also after regions - e.g. Khamaj, Kanada, Gauda, Multani, Jaunpuri, etc.). Ten characteristics are mentioned for each jati, which resemble the structuring and elaboration of the contemporary raga in Hindustani music.
Dattila (between the 4th century BCE and the 2nd century CE) is an early Indian musicologist, who refined the melodic structures, scales and other aspects of Indian Classical Music in his work Dattilam. Nothing is known of Dattila beyond the work Dattilam. In Bharata's Natya Shastra, Bharata gives a list of a hundred sons who will put the knowledge of performances (Natyaveda) to use. One of these sons is named Dattila, which had led to some speculation that Dattila may be
a little later or contemporary to Bharata. However, today it is mostly felt, given the lack of Natyashastra elements in Dattilam, that he may have been a little earlier or a contemporary. Of course, the date of Bharata is itself not known; usually he is dated somewhere between 400BC to 200AD.
References
Nijenhuis, Emmie te (1970). Dattilam: a compendium of ancient Indian music.
Hindu texts
Indian classical music
Indian music history |
4010005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreau%20trial | Outreau trial | The Outreau trial was a 2004 criminal trial in northern France on various counts of sexual abuse against children. The trial and the appeal trial revealed that the main witness for the prosecution, convicted for the abuse, had lied about the involvement of other suspects, who were in fact innocent. Several innocent suspects had nevertheless spent years jailed on remand and one died while in prison.
The trials resulted in a national outrage in France, with journalists, politicians and the public opinion questioning how such a miscarriage of justice could happen, with innocent men and women being held for years in jail on unfounded suspicions. In January 2006, a parliamentary inquiry was created, with President Jacques Chirac calling the affair a "judicial disaster".
Outreau affair
The "Outreau affair", which concerned an alleged criminal network in Outreau, a working class town next to Boulogne-sur-Mer in the Pas-de-Calais region, began in November 2001. The first trial took place in Saint-Omer in 2004, and the appeal took place in Paris in 2005.
Seventeen people were accused. Mostly parents, they were charged with child sexual abuse and incest and their children were separated from them for much of this time. The affair began when some school teachers and social workers noticed “strange sexual behavior” from four children in a local school. Psychologists believed the children to be credible witnesses, but doctors found no evidence of sexual abuse. The parents were accused on the testimony of some of the children, which was then backed up by the confessions of some of the accused.
The defendants were held in custody for from one to three years. In the first trial (in 2004), four of the eighteen admitted guilt and were convicted, while seven denied involvement and were acquitted. Six further defendants denied the charges but were convicted and given light sentences – they appealed their convictions, and were heard by the Paris Cour d'assises in autumn 2005. On the first day of the hearing, the prosecution's claims were destroyed, and all six were acquitted. Another defendant died in prison while awaiting trial.
Judicial process
First trial
The trial took place before Saint-Omer's Cour d'assises, composed of three professional judges and nine jurors.
The case involved an alleged ring of 17 persons, with the charges based on one woman's evidence and some corroborating statements from alleged victims. The alleged offenders were condemned on the grounds of certain adults' and, most of all, the children's testimony, together with psychiatric evidence. The children's testimony took place in "huis clos" (behind closed doors); such a procedure is normal in France for victims of sexual abuse, especially minors.
The six convicted persons who denied any responsibility appealed their convictions.
The woman who had given much of the evidence later confessed in court she had lied, and the children's revelations were found to be unreliable. Only four of the accused ever confessed, all the others insisted on their innocence: one died in jail during the investigation, 7 others were acquitted during the first trial in May 2004, the last 6 during the second trial on the evening of 1 December 2005.
Second trial
The appeal took place before Paris' Cour d'assises, composed of three professional judges and twelve jurors, used as an appellate court for review of both facts and law.
On its first day, the prosecution's claims were dismissed, owing to the statement of the main prosecution witness, Myriam Badaoui, who had declared on 18 November that the six convicted persons "had not done anything" and that she had herself lied. Thierry Delay, her former husband, backed up her statement. During the trial, the psychological evidence was also called into question, as it appeared biased and lacking in weight. The denials of two children, who admitted that they had formerly lied, also contributed to the destruction of the prosecution's claims. One of the psychologists said on TV: "I am paid the same as a cleaning lady, so I provide a cleaning lady's expertise," which caused further public indignation.
At the end of the trial, the prosecutor (avocat général) asked for the acquittal of all of the accused persons. The defence renounced its right to plead, preferring to observe a minute of silence in favor of François Mourmand, who had died in prison during remand. Yves Bot, general prosecutor of Paris, came to the trial on its last day, without previously notifying the president of the Cour d'assises, Mrs. Mondineu-Hederer; while there, Bot presented his apologies to the defendants on behalf of the legal system—he did this before the verdict was delivered, taking for granted a "not guilty" ruling, for which some magistrates reproached him afterwards.
All six defendants were finally acquitted on 1 December 2005, putting an end to five years of trials, which have been described by the French media as a "judicial foundering" or even as a "judicial Chernobyl".
Remaining sentences
Four people remained convicted after the appeal trial: Myriam Badaoui (who had not appealed her conviction), her husband, and a couple of neighbours. Myriam Badaoui, her husband, and one of the neighbours confessed that they had wrongfully accused other people to have been involved in the abuse cases, whereas only the four of them had been involved.
Myriam Badaoui was convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison, her husband to 20 years. Myriam Badoui was freed in 2015.
Aftermath
Questioning on French justice and media involvement
The affair caused public indignation and questions about the general workings of justice in France. The role of an inexperienced magistrate, Fabrice Burgaud, fresh out of the Ecole Nationale de la Magistrature was underscored, as well as the undue weight given to children's words and to psychiatric expertise, both of which were revealed to have been wrong.
The media's relation of the events was also questioned; although they were quick to point out the judicial error, they also had previously endorsed the "Outreau affair".
Parliamentary inquiry
After the second trial, the Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin, the minister of justice Pascal Clément and President Chirac himself officially apologised to the victims in the name of the government and of the judicial institutions.
In January 2006, there was a special parliamentary enquiry (for the first time broadcast live on television) about this catastrophe judiciaire (judicial disaster), which had been called by President Chirac in order to help prevent a recurrence of this situation through alterations in France's legal system. The role of experts (who had drawn hasty conclusions from children's testimony) and child protection advocates, lack of legal representation, the responsibility of the judges (the prosecution's case depended in this instance on a single investigative magistrate) and the role of the mass media were examined.
The acquitted persons' hearing by the parliamentary enquiry caused a surge of emotion through the whole country. The affair was designated a "judiciary shipwreck".
Fabrice Burgaud
On 24 April 2009 the Conseil supérieur de la magistrature sentenced Burgaud to a reprimand (réprimande avec inscription au dossier), the lowest disciplinary penalty in the French judiciary system. Since then the case was "dropped".
Film
In 2011 a film, Présumé coupable (English title: Presumed Guilty) was released, a drama documentary about the case from the viewpoint of Alain Marecaux, one of the innocent defendants, based on his memoirs.
In 2012 another film Outreau l'autre vérité (English title: Outreau the other truth) was released. It is a documentary about the case from the viewpoint of some of the children, the experts and the magistrates. It paints a picture of how the press was manipulated by the defence lawyers, and how the words of the children were stifled.
See also
McMartin preschool trial, a Californian case where several adults accused of sexual abuse remained on remand for years before charges were dropped.
Orkney child abuse scandal, a Scottish child abuse prosecution that collapsed on its first day of trial.
References
External links
Collapse of child sex case shakes French courts
Political scandals in France
Sex scandals
Day care sexual abuse allegations
2004 in France
2004 in law
Trials in France
Wrongful convictions
Saint-Omer
Child sexual abuse in France |
4010036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medazepam | Medazepam | Medazepam is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is known by the following brand names: Azepamid, Nobrium, Tranquirax (mixed with bevonium), Rudotel, Raporan, Ansilan and Mezapam. Medazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine drug. The half-life of medazepam is 36–200 hours.
Pharmacology
Medazepam acts as a prodrug to diazepam, as well as nordazepam, temazepam and oxazepam.
Benzodiazepine drugs including medazepam increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex by allosteric modulation of the GABA receptor. Benzodiazepines may also act via micromolar benzodiazepine-binding sites as Ca2+ channel blockers and significantly inhibited depolarization-sensitive calcium uptake in experiments with cell components from rat brains. This has been conjectured as a mechanism for high dose effects against seizures in a study. It has major active benzodiazepine metabolites, which gives it a more prolonged therapeutic effect after administration.
See also
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepine dependence
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Long-term effects of benzodiazepines
References
External links
Inchem - Medazepam
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators |
4010054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Belinda%20%281967%20film%29 | Johnny Belinda (1967 film) | Johnny Belinda is a 1967 television film directed by Paul Bogart and Gary Nelson. It is based upon the play Johnny Belinda by Elmer Blaney Harris. The film was thought to be missing from UK TV archives, but was discovered being sold in the United States on DVD by Kaleidoscope's Ray Langstone and a copy now resides with Kaleidoscope.
Plot
In the small town of Carcadie, Nova Scotia, 1903, a fisherman called Locky McCormick receives advice from Pacquet, the local shopkeeper: young Stella, the new doctor's maidservant, has received an inheritance and it would be a good idea to courtship her. Locky follows Paquet's advice.
Dr. Robert Richardson mets the MacDonald family: Black, the father, Aggie, his sister, and Belinda, who is a deaf-mute young woman. Her appearance is unkempt, almost wild. The family raises farm animals and grind local wheat into flour at their small mill. The doctor realizes that, although she cannot hear or speak, Belinda is very intelligent. Her father, her aunt, and the whole town call Belinda "dummy" and care little about her. Dr. Richardson befriends Belinda and teaches her sign language. She also learns to read, mathematics, how to read lips, and her appearance improves. Belinda's father and aunt realize she is a kind, loving young woman, and the family's relationship changes. Over time, the doctor's affection for her grows.
Meanwhile, Locky has noticed Belinda's beauty. One night when there is a dance in the town and he knows she is alone at home, he leaves the party surreptitiously, goes to Belinda's house, tries to seduce her and when she resist his advances, he rapes her.
When Dr. Richardson comes back from his trip, she finds her sad and unkempt; her family doesn't know why. Dr. Richardson brings her to a colleague who specializes in hearing, who tells him her deafness is irreversible but not hereditary; the baby she is expecting most probably will have a normal hearing.
Back in the town, the MacDonalds are saddened and angered, but it comes to Dr. Richardson explaining to Belinda what is happening to her. She refuses to reveal the father's identity, expressing it is unimportant, and welcomes her future child. Stella, who is about to marry Locky, leaves the doctor's service in anger, revealing him that the town's people believe he abused the poor dummy.
Belinda gives birth at home to a healthy baby boy, whom she names Johnny. Dr. Richardson tells Black that he is willing to marry Belinda, as he has grown into loving her. After Black agrees, Dr. Richardson proposes to her, and they kiss. He asks Belinda whether she understand what "marriage" means: she does.
Boycotted by the locals, the doctor goes away in search of a new home and a job position. He writes to Belinda saying he has found a small but pretty house for them and their son.
A stormy night, Locky goes to the MacDonald house to pay a debt. While Black is at the mill, he approaches at baby Johnny and talks lovingly at him, saying that he'll grow up to be as tall as his papa. Black hears that, realizes what Locky has done, and attacks him. In the fight, Locky kills Black. Then he makes things look as if an accident happened and flees.
Locky bribes Pacquet so in his capacity of member of the town's council the shopkeeper talks the town's people into signing a document that declares Belinda unfit to care for the child and award him to Locky and Stella. With that power, they go to take Johnny. Locky makes Stella to enter alone. She realizes that Belinda is a smart and competent mother, who will never give up her baby. Stella retreats and tells Locky that they have no right to take Johnny away. Locky tells his wife that he has the right because he is the father. When he goes to retrieve the boy, Locky pushes Belinda aside easily, but before he can unlock the door of the room where the baby is, Belinda kills him with her father's shotgun.
Belinda is arrested and goes on trial for murder. At the trial, it is discussed whether she knows the difference between right and wrong, and whether killing someone is wrong, to which she says (through an interpreter) that she knows, sealing her fate. Dr. Richardson demands that the reasons for her behavior be taken into consideration, but his efforts are dismissed. When called to the bench, he is asked whether he is Johnny's father, what he denies. The letter in which he called Johnny his son makes everyone believe that he is lying, and the prosecutor claims that Belinda killed Locky because he had found out that the doctor was the baby's father. At that point, Stella blurts out that her husband had confessed to be the baby's father, and with that it is understood that not only he was Belinda's abuser, but he had attempted maliciously to take away the baby from his mother. The judge dismisses the case as self-defense. Belinda is set free, and she, Johnny, Dr. Richardson and aunt Aggie leave together.
Cast
Ian Bannen as Dr. Jack Richardson
David Carradine as Locky
Mia Farrow as Belinda MacDonald
Barry Sullivan as Black MacDonald
Ruth White as Aggie MacDonald
Jacques Aubuchon as Pacquet
Carol Ann Daniels as Stella
References
External links
1967 films
Films about deaf people
American films based on plays
Films directed by Paul Bogart
1960s English-language films
American television films
Films directed by Gary Nelson
Films scored by Charles Fox |
4010061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20S.%20Middleton%20High%20School | George S. Middleton High School | Middleton High School is a public high school in Tampa, Florida named in honor of George S. Middleton, an African American businessman and civic leader who moved to Tampa from South Carolina in the late 19th century. Middleton was established for black students in 1934 during the segregation era. The current facility opened in 2002 on North 22nd Street in East Tampa.
Middleton's mascot is the Tiger. Its rival school in Hillsborough County is Howard W. Blake High School. A historical marker recounts the school's history. It was an all-black school for nearly 40 years and remains predominantly black along with its surrounding neighborhood.
It became a junior high school in 1971. Middleton High School reopened in a new location in 2002 with community support. In 2008, a report recounted the school's struggles to improve academic achievement.
History
Middleton High School was the first high school for African Americans in Hillsborough County when it opened in 1934 on 24th and Chelsea Streets in East Tampa. Booker T. Washington School in Tampa had previously accommodated junior and senior high students.
A 1940 fire destroyed the school and it was rebuilt through the Works Progress Administration (WPA). There was a second fire in 1968.
Middleton closed in 1971 as desegregation was being implemented, becoming Middleton Junior High School, and was renamed A.J. Ferrell Middle School of Technology in 2000. After an alumni campaign to reopen the high school, it reopened in 2002 in a new location.
Academic Performance
Graduation rate
In 2012 Middleton's graduation rate was 59% as compared to a statewide rate of 74.5% and a Hillsborough County rate of 72.6%. As of 2017, the school increased its graduation rate to 81% as compared to the state average of 82%.
Florida Department of Education grade
2018 - B
2017 - C
2016 - C
2015 - C
2014 - C
2013 - C
2012 - B
2011 - D
2010 - C
2009 - D
2008 - D
FSA performance
During the 2009 school year, only 25% of students scored "proficient" on the reading section of the Florida Standards Assessment, while 53% passed Mathematics and 90% passed Writing. The average among the Hillsborough County School District (SDHC) is 61% for Reading, 68% for Mathematics, and 96% for Writing.
SAT performance
In 2014 Middleton had an average SAT score of 1245
AP performance
Middleton High school puts a strong emphasis on taking AP level classes, especially for students in the magnet program. In 2016, Middleton had an AP course participation rate of 48%, compared to the state average of 23%, with every student enrolled in any of the magnet programs being required to take at least one AP class every year.
Magnet programs
The magnet school programs at Middleton High School are designed to help students enter career paths in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The objective is to give students a balanced and rigorous curriculum leading directly to industry, technical school, or university training. Students take science, mathematics, and technical classes leading to college credit through Advanced Placement, dual-enrollment, and/or articulated agreements. Middleton graduates have computer experience and take elective classes in fine art, performing arts, business, and journalism, in addition to participating in clubs and organizations.
Magnet students at Middleton choose one magnet program for their major, but are encouraged to explore classes in other magnet programs that may be of interest to them. Magnet students may complete more than one magnet program, although they are only required to complete their major. Taking online classes with Florida Virtual School is recommended so that students can complete all their required and elective classes by graduation.
The school offers magnet programs in Biomedicine, Computer Systems Technology, Computer Game Design, and Engineering. Both biomedicine and engineering are Project Lead the Way programs.
Engineering
The engineering program is based on the Project Lead the Way (PLTW) model, a nationally recognized high school pre-engineering curriculum.
After completing Middleton's Engineering Magnet Pathway, students are well-prepared for the rigors of engineering courses at the university level.
Middleton is a certified PLTW high school, which means students can earn college credit for their engineering classes at PLTW engineering universities, such as Purdue and Duke.
Game design
The Academy of Computer Game Design prepares students for video game design and animation. Students practice skills in programming, graphic design, management, and 3D modeling. Creating games includes the building and management of complex databases.
Students receive hands-on experience in planning and building their own original games. Games can be designed to play on multiple platforms such as personal computer, cellphone, Nintendo DS, and Xbox 360.
Students are educated with the foundational knowledge to pursue further training and a career in game design and animation. They may earn industry certifications, such as MOS (Microsoft Office Specialist), Adobe Certified Associate-Photoshop, Adobe Certified Associate-Flash, and Autodesk Certification (3D Studio Max or Maya). They learn complex technology skills that can be transferred to other careers, such as database development and management for business systems.
Cyber Security System Essentials
The Cisco Networking Academy is a program that teaches students how to design, build, troubleshoot, and secure computers and computer networks for increased access to career and economic opportunities. The Networking Academy provides online courses, interactive tools, and hands-on learning activities to help prepare students for careers in virtually every type of industry.
Students begin the program by studying the hardware and software of personal computers in preparation for the nationally recognized A+ Certification Exam. Hands-on labs and virtual desktop learning tools help students develop critical thinking and complex problem-solving skills. The Cisco CCNA curriculum provides an integrated and comprehensive coverage of networking topics, from fundamentals to advanced applications and services, while also providing opportunities for hands-on practical experience and soft-skills development. Students will be prepared for the CCNA and CCENT exams. Upon completion of the Cisco Academy curriculum, the student moves into the Security+ and Cyber Security class to finish the program.
This program allows students to develop the skills necessary to enter all fields of computer programming and computer engineering at the post-secondary level.
2013/2014 SkillsUSA State champions. 2013/2014 Future Business Leaders of America State and National Champions are presently in this class.
Biomedical engineering
Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms andbioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts; work in biotechnology includes genetic engineering as well as cell culture and tissue culture technologies. Students in this magnet program take a total of eight courses, four courses in Biotechnology and four in the Biomedical Sciences PLTW Program. PTLW classes contain some science but the courses also involve marketing. In fact, science is emphasized only in a marketing perspective rather than a medical perspective.
Extracurricular Activities
Mu Alpha Theta
Middleton's Mu Alpha Theta team was one of the highest-ranked in the nation. In 2007, their team placed ninth in the FAMAT state convention, and seventh in the Mu Alpha Theta National Convention.
FLBA (Future Business Leaders of America)
Having won over 400 awards in its 8-year life span, Middleton FBLA has quickly made it to the #1 chapter in all of Florida and one of the top chapters in the nation in regards to national winners. With more than 70 business based competitions, FBLA caters to all. In the 2017–2018 school year, 130 students won at the district level, 50 won at the state level and 15 at the national level.
HOSA (Future Health Professionals)
Middleton HOSA is one of the top chapters in the state and district. Middleton HOSA has over 100 members and has won awards on the state, national, and district level.
Speech and Debate
Middleton has an award winning speech and debate club winning at local and national competitions.National Honor Society
Middleton National Honor Society is the largest honor society on campus.
ACE Mentors (Architecture, Construction, and Engineering)
This club meets once a week to teach students more about architecture and civil engineering. Students are put into groups at the beginning of the school year and given a project that their group will complete step by step throughout the school year. The project changes every year and is always based on a real life construction project. At the end of the year, groups present their projects in front of a panel of real civil engineers and architects and can win prizes including scholarships.
Athletics
In 1957, Middleton won the Florida state championship in basketball in the FIAA, which was the athletic organization for schools with black students. In 1964, they won it again.
Sports available at Middleton include Baseball, Basketball, Cheer leading, Cross Country, Football, Flag Football, Golf, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Track, Volleyball, and Wrestling.
Rivalry
The school's rival high school is Howard W. Blake High School (Middleton and Blake were the two African-American high schools during segregation). The yearly football game, held at Tampa's Raymond James Stadium, is highly anticipated.
Notable alumni
Delores P. Aldridge, sociologist
Jay Bowie, basketball player
Walter Lee Gibbons, baseball player
Josh Johnson (baseball coach), minor league baseball player and manager of the Down East Wood Ducks
Lloyd Mumphord (1965), NFL defensive back and two-time Super Bowl champion with Dolphins
Al Toon, football player
Nick Toon, football player
Ted Washington Sr., football player
Stoney Woodson, football player
Demographic information
96% of students at Middleton are proficient in English.
73% of students come from low income households
56% of the students at Middleton are male, while 44% are female.
References
High schools in Tampa, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
1934 establishments in Florida
Historically segregated African-American schools in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1934 |
4010068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvit%C3%B8ya | Kvitøya | Kvitøya (English: "White Island") is an island in the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, with an area of . It is the easternmost part of the Kingdom of Norway. The closest Russian Arctic possession, Victoria Island, lies only to the east of Kvitøya.
The island is almost completely covered by Kvitøyjøkulen, an ice cap with an area of with a classical, hourglass-shaped dome, which has given it its name. The few ice-free land areas are each only a few square kilometres large and very barren and rocky, the largest being Andréeneset on the southwest corner of the island. Kvitøya is a part of the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve.
Kvitøya was discovered by the Dutchman Cornelis Giles in 1707, and it was seen under the name 'Giles Land' on maps in different shapes, sizes and positions throughout the centuries. The present name was given by whaler Johan Kjeldsen of Tromsø in 1876.
The island was the resting place of the Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897, organised by S. A. Andrée. The expedition had attempted to overfly the North Pole in a hydrogen balloon, but was forced down on the pack ice about north of Kvitøya on July 14, less than three days after their launch. They reached the island on foot by October 6 and settled on the only ice free part on the island, on what is now called Andréeneset.
The fate of the expedition for many years was one of the great mysteries of the Arctic, until its remains were discovered by the ship Bratvaag in 1930, over thirty years later, and diaries, logs of scientific observations and photographs—glass negative plates, which had been deep frozen and could be developed—were recovered at the site. Modern researchers hold that the three members of the expedition died within two weeks of reaching the island.
A commemorating the three men, S. A. Andrée, Nils Strindberg and Knut Frænkel is erected on the island. Another monument, put there by the "Stockholm expedition" in 1997 to commemorate the 100 years anniversary of the tragic event, was later deliberately destroyed by the Svalbard authority, on the ground of it being illegally erected.
Etymology
The original spelling of the name from 1876 was Hvidøen (Danish–Norwegian). In 1927, it was changed to Kvitøya. Like other names in the Norwegian Arctic and Antarctic islands and areas the Nynorsk form of Norwegian is used in the name – the Bokmål form would have been Hvitøyen or Hvitøya.
Climate
See also
List of islands in the Arctic Ocean
List of islands of Norway
Queen Victoria Sea
References
External links
GoNorway - Kvitøya
Islands of Svalbard
Uninhabited islands of Norway |
4010072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shishi%20High%20School | Shishi High School | Shishi High School () is a state secondary school in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. It stands on the site of the first public school ever built, built in 143–141 BC by the Han dynasty governor Wén Wēng (文翁). It was originally constructed in stone, hence the name Shishi (石室), or stone chamber. The school is also known as Wenweng Shishi (), the "Stone Chamber of Wen Weng".
History
Between the years 143 and 141 BC, Wén Wēng (文翁), the Western Han dynasty governor of Shu Commandery (modern Sichuan), established the first Chinese public school, Shujun Junxue (Shu Commandery Academy, 蜀郡郡学). The great Han dynasty scholar Sima Xiangru studied at the school.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the school was devastated by fire. It was rebuilt in 199 AD, and continued through China's imperial dynasties as Yizhou Zhouxue (益州州学, Yizhou Prefecture School), Chengdu Fuxue (Chengdu Prefecture Academy, 成都府学) and other names. Shu Shi Jing (a form of Thirteen Classics, literally Shu Carved Stone of Classics, 蜀石经) was completed in Chengdu Fuxue in Northern Song after more than 230 years intermittent carving. In the 17th century, as the Ming dynasty collapsed, Zhang Xianzhong's rebel force devastated Sichuan and the school was destroyed.
In 1661, early in the Qing Dynasty, the Chengdu Fuxue (prefecture school of Chengdu) was reestablished on the site, and became a leading school in Sichuan. Jinjiang Academy, which later became Sichuan University, was established at the school in 1740. Chengdu Fuxue became Chengdu Normal School (成都师范学堂) under the new educational system introduced in 1902 and then became Chengdu Middle School (成都府中学堂) in 1904. It was renamed again to Chengdu Shishi Middle School (成都石室中学) in February 1940, and in mid-1948 was identified as a model for secondary schools nationwide.
In September 1952, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the school changed its name to Chengdu No. 4 Middle School (成都第四中学). During the Cultural Revolution the school was devastated for the third time; none of the Qing Dynasty buildings still exist. It returned to its former name in April 1983.
Shishi ranks among the top 100 high schools in China. Its admission is highly selective, and attracts applications each year from both local and neighboring middle schools. Most Shishi students scored among the top 10% of their peers on the junior middle school exit exam.
Notable alumni
Guo Moruo (郭沫若): scientist, sociologist, former dean of Chinese Academy of Sciences, former vice-chairman of Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
Li Yimang (李一氓): revolutionist, former member of Central Advisory Commission of the Chinese Communist Party
Wu Guozhen: former Shanghai mayor
Ma Zhiming (马志明): mathematician, academician of Chinese Academy of Science, former vice-president of China Mathematics Association, academician of Third World Academic of Science, former vice-president of executive of IMU
He Lin (贺麟): cell biologist, academician of Chinese Academy of Science
Li Jieren (李劼人): litterateur, former Chengdu mayor
Li Hao (李卓皓): Professor of Economics, University of British Columbia
Jung Chang: Chinese-born British writer now living in London, best known for her family autobiography Wild Swans
Zhong shan (钟山): Academician of the Chinese academy of engineering and the International Academy of Astronautics
References
《石室校志》by 四川省成都石室中学,1989年10月
External links
The official website of Chengdu Shishi High School https://web.archive.org/web/20150626070856/http://www.cdshishi.net/its/
A YouTube video introducing the school made by her alumni https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ttEWjo4AFI
Education in Chengdu
Educational institutions established in the 2nd century BC
Educational institutions established in the 1660s
140s BC establishments
2nd-century BC establishments in China
High schools in Sichuan
2nd-century establishments in China
1661 establishments in China
Han dynasty |
4010087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracas%20Stock%20Exchange | Caracas Stock Exchange | The Caracas Stock Exchange or Bolsa de Valores de Caracas (BVC) is a stock exchange located in Caracas, Venezuela. Established in 1947, BVC merged with a competitor in 1974.
Operational and Legal Structure
BVC is a private exchange, providing operations for the purchase and authorized sale of securities according to the Capital Marketing Laws of Venezuela. It is member of the Executive Committee of the Latin American Federation of Stock markets. At the exchange, companies emit by procedures authorized by the regulating authorities, instruments of fixed income and securities (renta fija y de renta variable) with the purpose of securing capital from public investors. BVC is also used as a location for trading in Bonds and other debt instruments.
The legal structure prevailing in the Venezuelan capital market are the Securities Marketing Law (la Ley de Mercado de Capitales, enacted in 1975 and amended in 1998), Transaction Law (Ley de Caja de Valores), the Statutory Law of Public Credit (Ley Orgánica de Crédito Público), the Law of Organizations of Collective Investment and the norms dictated by the National Exchange Commission (Comisión Nacional de Valores, or CNV). Exchange activities are regulated and supervised by the National Exchange Commission, a public entity assigned to the Ministry of Finance, that authorizes internal procedures and regulations.
Board of Directors
The Board of Directors of the Caracas Stock Exchange is presided over by Víctor Julio Flores. Additional members include Santiago Fernández Castro, Marcel Apeloig, Omar Delgado, José Gregorio Castro, Gabriel Osío, Jesús Tadeo Prato, Luis Oberto, Carlos Fernández and Mario Dickson, as well as by advisers Luis Andrés Guerrero and Rubén Manzur.
History and Performance
The origins of the Venezuelan stock market can be traced to the end of the colonial era, when in 1805 Don Bruno Abasolo and Don Fernando Key Muñoz founded the Casa de Bolsa y Recreación de los Comerciantes y Labradores in Caracas. The exchange was officially founded on January 21, 1947 and inaugurated its first trading session on April 21 of the same year, after previously trading stocks over the counter. On May 6, 1976, the assembly of shareholders decided to change the denomination of the institution to Bolsa de Valores de Caracas C.A., and initiated a new operating structure composed of 43 shareholders, or puestos de bolsa, an amount that would be increased to 63 members in 1995.
Performance
In 1990, with an increase of 602%, the market was the second-best performing that year (after Poland).
In April 2007, 60 companies were listed on the BVC, with less than half being traded regularly. BVC experienced a severe decline in traded volumes since the mid-1990s as a result of a declining economy, the migration of stocks to the U.S. markets in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), corporate takeovers with a concomitant reduction in the number of shares available for trade and an increasing country risk that has frightened investors, particularly foreign investors. Daily trading volume decreased from the equivalent of $25 to $30 million in 1997 to less than $1 million by 2000. The BVC survived during this period thanks to a growing trade of government debt securities. Stock prices, measured by the Indice Bursátil Caracas, were also depressed during the 1990s and have yet to recover to the highest ever levels experienced in 1991. According to the International Finance Corporation, the market value of the BVC was $7 billion in 2000, or just about 6 percent of GDP. In 2005 total transactions on the BVC totaled USD$438 million.
Electronic Exchange
BVC has been completely electronic since February 1992, when a modern electronic trading system developed by the Vancouver Stock Exchange entered operations. On July 2, 1999 another technological change was made when the SIBE (Sistema Integrado Bursátil Electrónico), electronic trading system was officially incorporated into the Caracas Stock Exchange.
See also
List of stock exchanges in the Americas
Notes
External links
Official Page
Stock exchanges in South America
Economy of Venezuela
Financial services companies of Venezuela
Caracas
Financial services companies established in 1947
1947 establishments in Venezuela
Companies listed on the Caracas Stock Exchange |
4010093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEP%20Eiken | STEP Eiken | — informally, ; often called STEP Eiken or the STEP Test — is an English language test conducted by a Japanese public-interest incorporated foundation, the Eiken Foundation of Japan (formerly the Society for Testing English Proficiency, Inc. [STEP]), and backed by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
Format and contents
Eiken is a criterion-referenced test. There are seven levels that examinees either pass or fail. The levels (級 kyū) are called grades:
Eiken is a four-skills test, assessing a combination of receptive and productive skills. In addition to reading, listening and speaking tests, Grades 1, Pre-1 and 2 include a handwritten composition task.
Eiken in Japan
In Japan, Eiken is conducted three times a year: January/February, June/July, and October/November. There are two stages in the test, the first stage (vocabulary, reading, listening, and writing) and the second stage (speaking, applicants for Grade 4 or 5 are exempted). Only those who pass the first stage can progress to the second stage. The second stage is conducted about one month after the first stage. Applicants who pass both stages receive certification.
English teachers in junior high schools and high schools in Japan often encourage their students to take the Eiken. Approximately 18,000 schools serve as test sites. Japanese high schools and universities often grant preferential status to student applicants who have passed a specified Eiken grade, such as waiving the English portion of the school's entrance examination.
In its 2003 strategic initiative "Japanese with English Abilities" and 2011 follow-up , MEXT designated Eiken Grade 3 as a benchmark proficiency level for junior high school graduates, Grades 2 and Pre-2 for high school graduates, and Grade Pre-1 for English teachers.
In fiscal 2010, examinees for all Eiken grades totaled approximately 2.3 million. According to the Eiken website, the test has been taken by over 100 million applicants since its inception in 1963.
Eiken outside Japan
A number of schools outside Japan use Eiken as an admission qualification for international students. In Canada and the United States, approximately 400 colleges and universities recognize Eiken Grade 2, Grade 2A, Grade Pre-1, and/or Grade 1 for incoming students, as of 2021. In Australia, the state of New South Wales recognizes Eiken at all Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes and all state high schools. The test is also used at institutions in Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia.
The success of the Eiken model has attracted attention from other Asian countries. The Korea Times in 2009 quoted Ahn Byong-man, Minister of Education, Science and Technology, that a new national English test being developed by the Korean Education Ministry is based on the Eiken.
Research on the Eiken tests
In recent years, a number of large-scale research projects have been undertaken by the Eiken Foundation, either as in-house projects or through research grants to international testing specialists. An outline of recent projects is given on the Eiken website under the heading Demonstrating validity, a list of recent projects, and includes a list of references for where results have been reported, including in edited books and peer-reviewed professional journals and presentations at research conferences. A list of research projects commissioned by Eiken in Japan is published on the website of the Eiken English Education Research Center.
In 2003, work was begun on the Eiken Can-do List. The finished list, published in 2006, is based on a survey of 20,000 Eiken certificate holders and is designed to investigate what “test takers believe they can accomplish in English in real-life language use situations.” The list is also available in Japanese. More recent projects include an evaluation of the Eiken testing program carried out by international testing specialist Professor James D. Brown and a number of criterion-referenced validity studies investigating the relationship between the Eiken grades and other criterion measures of English ability.
The Eiken Foundation has also conducted research into the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). A comparison of Eiken Grades with the levels of the CEFR is provided on the Eiken website along with a description of the research supporting the claim of relevance between the various Eiken grades and the CEFR. A report on the same project is also available in Japanese.
The Eiken Foundation administers a system of grants for independent research projects carried out by educators. Grants are not restricted to research on the Eiken tests, or testing in general, and are available for various projects investigating aspects of language education and suggestions for improving teaching and testing in Japan. Information on how to apply is available on the Eiken Japanese website. Reports on these projects are published online in the journal EIKEN BULLETIN.
Other English proficiency tests
IELTS, International English Language Testing System
GTEC, Global Test of English Communication
TOEIC, Test of English for International Communication
TOEFL, Test of English as a Foreign Language
WIDA MODEL, (Measure of Developing English Language) Kindergarten - Grade 12
TrackTest, English Proficiency Test Online
TSE, Test of Spoken English
UBELT University of Bath English Language Test.
University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations
Trinity College London ESOL
United Nations Associations Test of English
References
Testing and exams in Japan
English language tests |
4010097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%3A%20The%20Spoken%20Language | Japanese: The Spoken Language | Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. Part 1 was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, Part 2 in 1988, and Part 3 in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series Japanese: The Written Language (JWL).
The textbook is controversial both among students of the language and among pedagogical researchers. Detractors of the textbook take issue with its usage of rōmaji, the complex grammatical explanations, the emphasis on memorization, and the relatively small number of vocabulary items (among other things). However, these same points are cited as strengths of the textbook by supporters. The approach is based on Jorden's decades of experience in teaching Japanese and pedagogical research, and was preceded by her 1960s textbook, Beginning Japanese, which JSL supersedes.
Features
Beyond the focus on the spoken language alone, the text has a number of unusual features.
The text is centered around a sequence of dialogs and grammar drills, which are practiced and memorized, and detailed linguistic analysis of Japanese grammar. Vocabulary is taught in the context of these dialogs, rather than as isolated lists. This approach – dialogs and pattern practice – is heavily influenced by the audio-lingual method (ALM), which has since fallen out of favor, though the text is not strictly speaking an ALM text, providing grammar explanations rather than only memorization, for instance.
The terminology is at times non-standard – for example, 形容動詞 are referred to as na-nominals, as they behave grammatically almost identically to 名詞 (nouns), which are clearly nominals. This choice has some support in Japanese scholarship, though traditionally these words are referred to as "na-adjectives" or "adjectival nouns". Similarly, the gender differences in spoken Japanese are referred to as blunt/gentle, rather than male/female.
Another example of grammatically correct but non-standard pedagogical choices is that Japanese adjectives are translated not to English adjectives, but to English predicates, as this is how they function grammatically in Japanese when not preceding a noun. For example, 小さい (chiisai) is translated as "is small", rather than simply "small". (For adjectives preceding a noun, this choice of translation would naturally be inaccurate.)
The book is written exclusively in romaji, making no use of kana or kanji, though kana plus kanji text is available as supplementary texts. The form of romaji used is based closely on the Nihon-shiki form of romanization (which is often used in Japan), but which differs from Hepburn romanization, which is more commonly used in English-speaking countries. The romanization system attempts to follow the Japanese syllable structure to simplify grammatical relationships, rather than attempting to represent the sound. For example, ち is represented by "ti", as it falls into the たちつてと "t-" series, which is uniformly represented in JSL as ta/ti/tu/te/to, though ち is pronounced closer to English "chi" (as in "cheese"), rather than "ti" (as in "tee" or "tea"); in Hepburn these are represented as ta/chi/tsu/te/to, which are phonetically more suggestive (following standard English orthography), but obscure the Japanese syllable structure. In JSL, the text is intended only as a reference, not a guide to pronunciation, with the audio instead being the pronunciation guide.
Another uncommon feature of the text is that it emphasizes Japanese pitch accent in the words, according to standard Japanese.
References
Japanese: The Spoken Language Part 1 by Jorden and Noda, Book Review by T. J. Nelson
External links
Audio lessons
Part 1, Lessons 1-12
Part 2, Lessons 13-24
Part 3, Lessons 25-30
Japanese language learning resources
1987 non-fiction books
Yale University Press books
Linguistics textbooks |
4010106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenant%20of%20the%20League%20of%20Nations | Covenant of the League of Nations | The Covenant of the League of Nations was the charter of the League of Nations. It was signed on 28 June 1919 as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles, and became effective together with the rest of the Treaty on 10 January 1920.
Creation
Early drafts for a possible League of Nations began even before the end of the First World War. The London-based Bryce Group made proposals adopted by the British League of Nations Society, founded in 1915. Another group in the United States—which included Hamilton Holt and William B. Howland at the Century Association in New York City—had their own plan. This plan was largely supported by the League to Enforce Peace, an organization led by former U.S. President William Howard Taft. In December 1916, Lord Robert Cecil suggested that an official committee be set up to draft a covenant for a future league. The British committee was finally appointed in February 1918; it was led by Walter Phillimore (and became known as the Phillimore Committee) but also included Eyre Crowe, William Tyrrell, and Cecil Hurst. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was not impressed with the Phillimore Committee's report, and would eventually produce three draft covenants of his own with help from his friend Colonel House. Further suggestions were made by Jan Christiaan Smuts in December 1918.
At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, a commission was appointed to agree on a covenant. Members included Woodrow Wilson (as chair), Colonel House (representing the U.S.), Robert Cecil and Jan Smuts (British Empire), Léon Bourgeois and Ferdinand Larnaude (France), Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando and Vittorio Scialoja (Italy), Foreign Minister Makino Nobuaki and Chinda Sutemi (Japan), Paul Hymans (Belgium), Epitácio Pessoa (Brazil), Wellington Koo (China), Jayme Batalha Reis (Portugal), and Milenko Radomar Vesnitch (Serbia). Further representatives of Czechoslovakia, Greece, Poland and Romania were later added. The group considered a preliminary draft co-written by Hurst and President Wilson's adviser David Hunter Miller. During the first four months of 1919 the group met on ten separate occasions, attempting to negotiate the exact terms of the foundational Covenant agreement for the future League.
During the ensuing negotiations various major objections arose from various countries. France wanted the League to form an international army to enforce its decisions, but the British worried such an army would be dominated by the French, and the Americans could not agree as only Congress could declare war. Japan requested that a clause upholding the principle of racial equality should be inserted, parallel to the existing religious equality clause. This was deeply opposed, particularly by American political sentiment, while Wilson himself simply ignored the question.
During a certain interval while Wilson was away, the question of international equality was raised once again. A vote on a motion supporting the "equality of nations and the just treatment of their nationals" was made, and was supported by 11 of the 19 delegates. Upon Wilson's return he declared that "serious objections" by other delegates had negated the majority vote, and the amendment was dismissed. Finally on April 11, 1919, the revised Hurst-Miller draft was approved, but without fully resolving certain questions as had been brought forth regarding matters such as national equality, racial equality, and how the new League might be able to practically enforce its various mandates.
The new League would include a General Assembly (representing all member states), an Executive Council (with membership limited to major powers), and a permanent secretariat. Member states were expected to "respect and preserve as against external aggression" the territorial integrity of other members, and to disarm "to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety". All states were required to submit complaints for arbitration or judicial inquiry before going to war. The Executive Council would create a Permanent Court of International Justice to make judgements on the disputes.
The treaty entered into force on 10 January 1920. Articles 4, 6, 12, 13, and 15 were amended in 1924. The treaty shares similar provisions and structures with the UN Charter.
Article X
Article X of the Covenant of the League of Nations obliged members of the League "to respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members of the League." It was noted that a League of Nations member was not bound to assist a fellow member in combating internal secessionists, but also meant that no country should provide assistance to such rebels. It was also understood that if any League of Nations member was defeated while undertaking an aggressive war, the Covenant didn't protect that defeated member against the consequence of a loss of territory and political independence.
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had secured his proposal to apply to become part of the League of Nations in the final draft of the Treaty of Versailles, but the United States Senate refused to consent to the ratification of the Treaty. For many Republicans in the Senate, Article X was the most objectionable provision. Their objections were based on the fact that, by ratifying such a document, the United States would be bound by an international contract to defend a League of Nations member if it was attacked. Henry Cabot Lodge from Massachusetts and Frank B. Brandegee from Connecticut led the fight in the U.S. Senate against ratification, believing that it was best not to become involved in international conflicts. Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States may not ratify a treaty unless the Senate, by a two-thirds vote, gives its advice and consent. In fact, the intent of Article X was to preserve a balance of power by preventing one country from invading another (e.g. Germany invading Belgium and France); it did not take away the right of the United States to wage war.
Article XXII
Article XXII referred to the creation of Mandate territories, which were given over to be administered by European powers.
Though most Mandates were given to countries such as Britain and France, which possessed considerable colonial empires, the Covenant made the clear distinction that a Mandate territory was not a colony.
The Covenant asserted that such territories were "inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world" and so "the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility" as "a sacred trust of civilization".
Mandate territories were sorted into several sub-categories:
"Communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire" were considered "to have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations could be provisionally recognized" and the Mandatory powers were charged with "rendering administrative advice and assistance until such time as they are able to stand alone".
Regarding "Other peoples, especially those of Central Africa" the Mandatory powers were charged to "guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic and the liquor traffic, and the prevention of the establishment of fortifications or military and naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than police purposes and the defence of territory", and no mention was made of any eventual independence.
With regard to "Territories, such as South-West Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands", they were assumed "owing to the sparseness of their population, or their small size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or their geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory, and other circumstances" to be "best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory, subject to the safeguards above mentioned in the interests of the indigenous population". The reference to "geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory" clearly related to South-West Africa (now Namibia) being made a Mandate of South Africa, rather than of Britain.
See also
Charter of the United Nations
General Act for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes
Peace treaty
Treaty series
References
External links
The Covenant of the League of Nations from the Yale Avalon Project
Primary Documents: Covenant of the League of Nations, 1919–24 from FirstWorldWar.com
Treaties concluded in 1919
Treaties entered into force in 1920
League of Nations
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Bolivia
Treaties of the First Brazilian Republic
Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Canada
Treaties of the Union of South Africa
Treaties of Chile
Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of El Salvador
Treaties of the French Third Republic
Treaties of Haiti
Treaties of Honduras
Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Treaties of the Empire of Japan
Treaties of Liberia
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Paraguay
Treaties of Peru
Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
Treaties of Thailand
Treaties of Spain under the Restoration
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Treaties of the Qajar dynasty
League of Nations
Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria
Treaties of Costa Rica
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of the First Austrian Republic
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of Latvia
Treaties of Lithuania
Treaties of the Irish Free State
Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire
Treaties of the Dominican Republic
Treaties of the Weimar Republic
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq
Treaties of the Soviet Union
Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt
Treaties of the Principality of Albania
Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)
Treaties of British India
League of Nations
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
Jan Smuts |
4010121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangita%20Ratnakara | Sangita Ratnakara | The Sangita-Ratnakara, सङ्गीतरत्नाकर, (IAST: Saṅgīta ratnākara), literally "Ocean of Music and Dance", is one of the most important musicological texts from India. Composed by Śārṅgadeva (शार्ङ्गदेव) in Sanskrit during the 13th century, both Hindustani music and Carnatic music traditions of Indian classical music regard it as a definitive text. The author was a part of the court of King Singhana II (1210–1247) of the Yādava dynasty whose capital was Devagiri, Maharashtra.
The text is divided into seven chapters. The first six chapters, Svaragatadhyaya, Ragavivekadhyaya, Prakirnakadhyaya, Prabandhadhyaya, Taladhyaya and Vadyadhyaya deal with the various aspects of music and musical instruments, while the last chapter Nartanadhyaya deals with dance. The medieval era text is one of the most complete historical Indian treatises on the structure, technique, and reasoning on music theory that has survived into the modern era, and is a comprehensive voluminous text on ragas (chapter 2) and talas (chapter 5).
The text is comprehensive synthesis of ancient and medieval musical knowledge of India. The text has been frequently quoted by later Indian musicologists in their music and dance-related literature. Significant commentaries on the text include the Sangitasudhakara of Simhabhupala () and the Kalanidhi of Kallinatha ().
Author
Sangita Ratnakara was written by Śārṅgadeva, also spelled Sarangadeva or Sharangadeva. Śārṅgadeva was born in a Brahmin family of Kashmir. In the era of Islamic invasion of the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent and the start of Delhi Sultanate, his family migrated south and settled in the Hindu kingdom in the Deccan region near Ellora Caves (Maharashtra). Śārṅgadeva worked as an accountant with freedom to pursue his music interests in the court of King Singhana II (1210–1247) of the Yadava dynasty.
Content
The text is a Sanskrit treatise on Sangita (IAST: Sańgīta), or music-related performance arts tradition. Sangita is stated by the text as a composite performance art consisting of Gita (melodic forms, song), Vadya (instrumental music) and Nrtta (dance, movement).
The 13th-century Sangita Ratnakara classifies Sangita into two kinds: Marga-sangita and Desi-sangita. Marga refers to the classical techniques taught by Bharata in Natya Shastra. Desi Sangita refers to regional improvisations that may not follow the classical rules and structure for the music and performance arts.
The text has seven chapters:
Svaragatādhyāya (sound system)
Rāgavivekādhyāya (raga)
Prakīrņakādhyāya (performing practice)
Prabandhādhyāya (compositions, poetic meter)
Tālādhyāya (tala)
Vādyādhyāya (musical instruments)
Nartanādhyāya (dance)
The first chapter has eight sections. It opens with reverential verses to the Hindu god Shiva, who is called the "embodiment of sound, sung about by the entire world" and the one delighting according to the Vedas. The author pays homage to his ancestors, then to ancient scholars such as Bharata, Matanga, Dattila and Narada, as well as major gods and goddesses of Hinduism in first section of the first chapter. In the second section, there is hardly any mention of music or dance, rather Sarngadeva presents his metaphysical and physiological beliefs, as well as credits the origin of music to the Samaveda. He presents musical topics and definitions of musical concepts starting with section three of the first chapter, with frequent mentions of Shiva and the Hindu goddess Saraswati.
According to Sarngadeva's verses 27-30 of the section 1.1, song is everywhere, in the cry of a baby, in the beats of nature, in the pulse of life, in every human act of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. The sections 3 through 8 of the first chapter describe nada (sound), svara (tone), śruti (microinterval), gramas (primary scales), murcchanas (derivative scales), varna (color), jati (mode), alankara (embellishment), giti (singing styles), meters and other basic musical concepts.
The suddha (pristine) svaras are those in the Sama Veda, states the text.
The mammoth text describes 253 ragas in chapter 2, while chapter 5 presents all classical (marga) and 120 regional Talas. Chapter 3 opens with a summary of sangita practice in the Vedic literature, then presents the post-Vedic developments and recommendations for practice. It includes a description of theatre design, make up and decoration of the artists, performance standards for instrumentalists and singers, as well as methods for improvising on a musical theme.
In the 6th chapter, Sarang Deva describes the ancient and pre-13th century musical instruments of India into four class of musical instruments: chordophones, aerophones, membranophones and idiophones. He mentions physical description of the instruments, how to play them and the repertoire that best flows with each musical instrument. In the 7th chapter of this massive text is a relatively brief description of classical and regional dance forms of India, including Kathak. Its dance chapter describes expressive styles, posture and body language as a form of silent communication of ideas, the rasa theory categorized through nine emotions, and the art of individual movements of a dancer.
According to Peter Fletcher – a professor of Music and Drama, the Sangita Ratnakara states that "the composer was expected to be a competent performer, but he also made clear that the composer was expected to know his audience, and how their minds work, rising above his own likes and dislikes, in order to bring delight to everyone". Sarangadeva's views on music, states Fletcher, exemplified ideas in the Bhagavad Gita relating to non-attachment.
Importance
Sańgītaratnākara is a very important text and this is evident from the many commentaries written on it. It remains as a reference text in the contemporary times among the Indian musicologists and music schools.
The text attracted secondary literature called bhasya in the Indian tradition. Two of the many commentaries on the text have been translated into English. These are Sańgītasudhākara of Simbabhūpāla and Kalānidhi of Kallinātha. Sańgītaratnākara compiles information found in earlier works like Nāţyaśāstra, Dattilam, Bŗhaddēśī, Sarasvatī-hŗdayālańkāra-hāra, ideas of Abhinavagupta on Nāţyaśāstra, as well as others. Sarangdeva expanded the more ancient and medieval ideas as well, such as with his ideas on lasyas. The text forms a useful bridge between the ancient, medieval and the post-13th century periods of music history in India.
See also
Dance of India
Hindu texts
Indian classical dance
Indian classical music
Sangita Makarandha
Music of India
References
Bibliography
,
External links
Hindu texts
Indian classical music
Indian non-fiction books
13th century in music
Hindustani music literature
Carnatic music
13th-century books
Music books
Sanskrit texts
Indian music history
Music guides |
4010136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmas | Salmas | Salmas (, , , , ) is the capital of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province in Iran. It is located northwest of Lake Urmia, near Turkey. According to the 2019 census, the city's population is 127,864. The majority of the population is composed of Azerbaijanis and Kurds with some Armenians, Assyrians, and Jews.
History
Etymology and early history
According to Encyclopædia Britannica the earliest historic recognition of Salmas could be found at the time of Ardashir I's reign (224–242 AD) via a petroglyph of him on horseback while receiving surrender of the Parthian personage. In another contribution by Britannica, on an animated political map of Sassanid Empire at the time of Shapur I's reign (240–270 AD), Salmas is markedly acknowledged as one of the renown and apparently important cities of the empire with the same original name as now. There is a speculation that the nickname of the city, Shapur, might be derived from the name of this king (of kings) of Persia.
Salmas was held by the Kurdish Rawadid dynasty and frequented by the Hadhabani tribe in the 10-11th centuries. Al-Maqdisi described it as a Kurdish town who had built a wall around the city.
Another Mention of the city was made in 1281, when its Assyrian bishop made the trip to the consecration of the Assyrian Church of the East patriarch Yaballaha in Baghdad.
In the Battle of Salmas on 17–18 September 1429, the Kara Koyunlu were defeated by Shah Rukh who was consolidating Timurid holdings west of Lake Urmia. However, the area was retaken by the Kara Koyunlu in 1447 after the death of Shah Rukh.
Mar Shimun, the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East was murdered by the Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak in Salmas in March 1918.<ref>O'Shea, Maria T. (2004) "Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan Routledge, New York, page 100, </ref>
Around the advent of the 1910s, Imperial Russia started to station infantry and Cossacks in Salmas. The Russians retreated at the time of Enver Pasha's offensive in the Iran-Caucasus region, but returned in early 1916, and stayed up to the wake of the Russian Revolution.
Geography
Salmas in early atlases
The atlases below are some of the earliest maps to have been ever sketched to show the territory and originality of the name of Salmas and are some of the strongest documents providing proofs to some basic facts about the city including its existence and identity.
Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, using the isotherm, Salmas features a continental climate (Dsa''), and is thus the one of the few cities in the Middle East and one of the 6 in the country with this categorization.
Notable people
Esfandiar Imanzadeh (b. 1966) – Sculptor
Stepanos V of Salmast (d. 1567) – Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church
Yohannan Gabriel (1758–1833) – Chaldean Catholic bishop of Salmas
Nicholas I Zaya (d. 1855) – Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Raffi (1835–1888) – Armenian novelist
Paul Bedjan (1838–1920) – Chaldean Catholic priest and orientalist
Abraham Guloyan (1893–1983) – politician
Murad Kostanyan (1902–1989) – actor
Ardeshir Ovanessian (c. 1905–1990) – Communist leader
Timur Lakestani (1915–2011) – aka Father of Iranian Electrical Industry
Jafar Salmasi (1918–2000) – weightlifter
Emmanuel Agassi (1930–2021) – boxer and father of Andre Agassi
Hadi Asghari (b. 1981) – football player
Gallery
See also
1930 Salmas earthquake
Nor Shirakan
Battle of Dilman
Assyrian homeland
Khoy Khanate
References
Sources
External links
Salmas famous people
"Salmas Map – Satellite Images of Salmas", Maplandia
Populated places in Salmas County
Cities in West Azerbaijan Province
Mass murder in 1915
Kurdish settlements in West Azerbaijan Province |
4010162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronus%20%28disambiguation%29 | Cronus (disambiguation) | Cronus was the leader and the youngest of the first generation of Titans in Greek mythology, and the father of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera.
Cronus may also refer to:
Cronus (Stargate), a character in the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1
Cronus, tarantula owned by British politician Gavin Williamson that led to Williamson being criticised by Parliamentary authorities when he brought it to the Houses of Parliament while serving as Chief Whip
Communications RF on board networks utilization specialist (CRONUS) for the International Space Station
See also
John Kronus, wrestler
Kronus, where Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War: Dark Crusade takes place
Cronos (disambiguation)
Chronos
Khronos (disambiguation)
Kronos (disambiguation) |
4010174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20III%20%282007%20film%29 | Richard III (2007 film) | Richard III is a 2007 crime drama film written and directed by Scott M. Anderson, set in contemporary Hollywood as a modern-day retelling of William Shakespeare's Richard III.
Filming took place over a three-week period in 2005, with post-production taking place during 2006. The film's world premiere was April 27, 2007 at World Fest Houston, where it won Platinum Awards for "First Feature Film" for Scott Anderson and "Best Film Score" for Penka Kouneva.
Plot
Cast
David Carradine as Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
Sally Kirkland as Queen Margaret
María Conchita Alonso as Queen Elizabeth
Scott M. Anderson as Richard III
Anne Jeffreys as Duchess of York
Richard Tyson as George, Duke of Clarence
Sung Hi Lee as Anne Neville
Natalie Burn as Natasha
Marco Sanchez as Richmond
Mike Muscat as Archbishop
Daniela Melgoza as Princess Elizabeth
Steven Williams as Lord Stanley
Navid Negahban as Sir James Tyrrel
Jennifer Sciole as Margaret
Miranda Kwok as Portia
Danny Trejo as Major
Miranda Kwok as Portia
Annie Little as Herbert
Tim Storms as Lord Norfolk
Tyson Sullivan as York Subordinate
{(Dee Mas)} as The York Subordinate and Silloette Fighter/Dancer
Tammy Barr as Noble daughter
Luca Bercovici as Brackenbury
Kathleen Davis as Club Goer
Vincent De Paul as Lancaster FBI Guard
Oliver Goodwill as York Subordinate
Kym Jackson as Dukes Escort
Peter Jason as Ringside Announcer
TQ as DJ
Bruno Oliver as The Keeper
Reception
In 2007 it won Platinum Awards for 'First Feature Film' for Scott Anderson and 'Best Film Score' for Penka Kouneva at the 40th Worldfest Independent Film Festival
See also
Richard III
Shakespeare on screen
References
External links
2007 films
Modern adaptations of works by William Shakespeare
Films based on Richard III (play)
Films set in Los Angeles
2007 crime drama films
American crime drama films
American films |
4010191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toutle%20River | Toutle River | The Toutle River is a tributary of the Cowlitz River in the U.S. state of Washington. It rises in two forks merging near Toutle below Mount St. Helens and joins the Cowlitz near Castle Rock, upstream of the larger river's confluence with the Columbia River.
The river was altered by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, a nearby volcano, and subsequent flows of ash and other debris. It was further altered by dredging to remove sediment, and by construction of the Toutle River Sediment Retention Structure on the North Fork Toutle River.
Course
The Toutle River begins at the confluence of the North Fork Toutle River and the South Fork Toutle River near the community of Toutle. The forks originate on Mount St. Helens in Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, and flow generally west to form the main stem, which continues generally west, with significant north–south deviations. The town of Toutle lies to the left of the river at river mile (RM) 17.2 or river kilometer (RK) 27.7.
At first the Toutle River flows north for about along the base of Beigle Mountain, which is on its right. The river continues generally north until, at about RM 13 (RK 21), it begins a sweeping turn to the southwest. For the next several miles, Tower Road runs along the right bank of the river, and at about RM 10 (RK 16) Tower Cemetery is on the right. Downstream of the cemetery, the river passes through Hollywood Gorge, where Rock Creek enters from the right. The river continues southwest through RM 7 (RK 11), where it receives Stankey Creek from the left.
The Toutle River then turns west, passing under Tower Road and receiving Cline Creek from the right. Over the next stretch, Burma Road is on the right. Over its final , the Toutle meanders generally southwest through large deposits of sand. The stream passes under Barnes Drive and then Interstate 5 before entering the Cowlitz River about upstream from the city of Castle Rock. Below the confluence, the Cowlitz continues for , entering the Columbia River about from its mouth on the Pacific Ocean.
Discharge
The United States Geological Survey monitors the flow of the Toutle River at a stream gauge at RM 6.5 (RK 10.5). The average flow of the river is . This is from a drainage area of , about 81 percent of the total Toutle River watershed. The maximum flow recorded there was on Feb. 8, 1996, and the minimum flow was on Oct. 14, 1987. This data covers a 30-year period that began in 1981, after the volcanic eruption. Extremes outside the period of record include two large floods on May 18, 1980, related to volcanic mud flows that came down the South Fork and then the North Fork, spaced nine hours apart.
Volcanic sediment
The eruption of Mount St. Helens and subsequent lahars poured vast amounts of sediment into the Toutle. The United States Army Corps of Engineers dredged sediment from the river and built the $65 million Toutle River Sediment Retention Structure on the North Fork Toutle River to prevent debris from continuing downstream.
Part of the same engineering works is a tunnel to drain Spirit Lake, on the north side of the volcano, after the eruption blocked the lake's natural outlet.
Gallery
See also
North Fork Toutle River
List of rivers of Washington
List of tributaries of the Columbia River
Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
References
Rivers of Washington (state)
Rivers of Cowlitz County, Washington
Mount St. Helens
Gifford Pinchot National Forest |
4010195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua%20Glover | Joshua Glover |
Joshua Glover was a fugitive slave from St. Louis, Missouri, who sought asylum in Racine, Wisconsin, in 1852. Upon learning his whereabouts in 1854, slave owner Bennami Garland attempted to use the Fugitive Slave Act to recover him. Glover was captured and taken to a Milwaukee jail. On March 18, 1854 a mob incited by Sherman Booth broke into the jail and rescued Glover, who was taken secretly back to Racine, from where he traveled by boat to Canada. He spent most of the remainder of his life in Etobicoke, Ontario working as a farm laborer and marrying twice. He died in 1888 in the York County Industrial Home and his body in error was given to the Toronto School of Medicine. He is buried in Toronto's St. James Cemetery.
The rescue of Glover and the federal government's subsequent attempt to prosecute Booth helped to galvanize the abolitionist movement in the state. Eventually, through the state Supreme Court, Wisconsin declared that the Fugitive Slave Act was unconstitutional, the only state to do so.
A Wisconsin Historical Marker at Cathedral Square Park in Milwaukee marks the site of the original court house and jail where Joshua Glover was imprisoned by federal marshals, and later rescued by a mob of 5,000 people. Efforts are underway to create a park monument which meets the National Park Service's requirements for an official National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom site.
See also
Jerry Rescue
List of slaves
References
Further reading
Baker, H. Robert. The Rescue of Joshua Glover: A Fugitive Slave, the Constitution and the Coming of the Civil War Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2006.
Jackson, Ruby West and Walter T. McDonald. "Finding Freedom: The Untold Story of Joshua Glover, Runaway Slave". Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 90, no. 3 (Spring 2007), pp. 48–52.
External links
Rescue of Joshua Glover
Group seeks to remember rescued slave
Joshua Glover's 1854 Journey on the Underground Railroad: As Told by One of His Conductors, Chauncy C. Olin
Wisconsin Court System
Freedom Heights (A Song for Joshua Glover).</ref>
Fugitive American slaves
African-American history of Wisconsin
Pro-fugitive slave riots and civil disorder in the United States
Fugitive American slaves that reached Canada |
4010196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlawn | Greenlawn | Greenlawn may refer to:
Greenlawn, Missouri
Greenlawn, New York
Greenlawn (Middletown, Delaware), a historic house
Greenlawn (Amite City, Louisiana), a historic mansion
See also
Greenlawn Cemetery (disambiguation)
Trinity School at Greenlawn, South Bend, Indiana |
4010200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayu | Dayu | Dayu may refer to:
Dayu, Banmauk, Sagaing Region, Burma
Yu (Stargate), a Goa'uld System Lord in the TV show Stargate SG-1
Softstar (大宇資訊), a Chinese language video game developer and publisher.
China
Yu the Great (大禹), legendary monarch of the Xia Dynasty
Dayu County (大余县), in Ganzhou, Jiangxi
Dayu, Handan (大峪镇), town in Fengfeng Mining District, Handan, Hebei
Dayu, Rudong County (大豫镇), town in Rudong County, Jiangsu
Dayu, Yangqu County (大盂镇), town in Yangqu County, Shanxi
Iran
Dayu, Ardabil, a village in Ardabil Province, Iran
Dayu, Bushehr, a village in Bushehr Province, Iran |
4010212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greentown | Greentown | Greentown may refer to:
Greentown, Indiana, town in Howard County, Indiana, United States
Greentown, Ohio, census-designated place in Stark County, Ohio, United States
Greentown, Jefferson County, Ohio, unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States
Greentown, Pennsylvania
Greentown China, a property developer headquartered in Hangzhou, China
Hangzhou Greentown F.C., Chinese football club |
4010227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Rallizes%20D%C3%A9nud%C3%A9s | Les Rallizes Dénudés | were a Japanese rock band formed in 1967 at Kyoto's Doshisha University.
History
They were initially active between 1967 and 1988, and then again briefly between 1993 and 1996 before permanently disbanding. It's thought that the band's name comes from a corruption of (literally translating as naked suitcases) which was derived from fake French slang invented with the theatrical group Gendai Gekijo. The band's style is typified by simple, repetitious instrumental passages, shrieking, cacophonous guitar feedback and folk arrangement. Their discography is made up mostly of live bootlegs, soundboard archives, and even a few rare aborted studio recording attempts as they have never officially released any of their material, although there are archive releases on independent labels such as Univive, Rivista, Phoenix, and Bamboo.
In 1970, original bassist Moriaki Wakabayashi assisted in the hijacking of Japan Airlines Flight 351 orchestrated by the Communist League's "Red Army Faction."
Very little is known about the band's frontman Takashi Mizutani, aside from his supposed ties to the Japanese Red Army and involvement early on in theater at Doshisha University. The last public appearances of Takashi Mizutani were two live performances in 1997 with jazz saxophonist Arthur Doyle and drummer Sabu Toyozumi.
In October 2021, an official website was launched for the band by The Last One Musique label, claiming to be a collaborative effort by former band members and associates of Mizutani. It announced its intention to release official Rallizes recordings with "more alive and striking sound than the bootlegs that have been circulating over twenty years". The website states on its homepage that Mizutani passed away in 2019, and this is further supported by statements from Aquilha Mochizuki, a photographer very close to Mizutani. In a 2020 interview, former member Makoto Kubota (who is himself credited on the official website) stated that he had recently had a phone call with Mizutani, in which he told him "this is how it is in America right now," referring to the popularity of the band in that country, and that it's even possible for the band to play a large concert there. The article was updated on 28 October 2021 to state that the phone calls had taken place in late 2019.
Discography
Official releases
Releases that are stated to be authorized or released officially by the band.
1991 – '67–'69 Studio et Live (Rivista, CD)
1991 – Mizutani / Les Rallizes Dénudés (Rivista, CD)
1991 – '77 Live (Rivista, CD)
1992 – Les Rallizes Dénudés (VHS)
1996 – "黒い悲しみのロマンセ或いはFallin' Love With" (7")
2021 – "White Awakening"
2022 – "Vertigo Otherwise My Conviction"
2022 - "The Oz Tapes"
Bootleg releases
Significant or well-known bootlegs include:
Blind Baby Has Its Mother's Eyes
Cable Hogue Soundtrack
Double Heads
France Demo Tape
Great White Wonder
Heavier Than a Death in the Family
Mars Studio 1980
Yodo-Go-A-Go-Go
References
Further reading
Cope, Julian (2007). "Japrocksampler", Bloomsbury Publishing.
External links
Official Les Rallizes Dénudés site
Unofficial Les Rallizes Dénudés site (Japanese)
Outsider musicians
Japanese psychedelic rock music groups
Protopunk groups
Musical groups established in 1967
1967 establishments in Japan
Musical groups disestablished in 1996
1996 disestablishments in Japan
Japanese noise rock groups |
4010232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hancheng%20%28disambiguation%29 | Hancheng (disambiguation) | Hancheng (韩城市) is a county-level city of Shaanxi, China.
Hancheng may also refer to:
Hancheng, Tangshan (韩城镇), town in Fengrun District, Tangshan, Hebei, China
Seoul, South Korea, often known in Chinese as Hancheng (汉城) |
4010241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datian | Datian | Datian may refer to the following locations in China:
Datian County (大田县), of Sanming, Fujian
Datian Station (大田站), freight station of the Guangzhou–Zhuhai Railway in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong
Datian Subdistrict (临海市), in Linhai, Zhejiang
Towns named Datian (大田镇)
Datian, Enping, in Enping, Guangdong
Datian, Dongfang, Hainan, in Dongfang, Hainan
Datian, Pingdu, in Pingdu, Shandong
Datian, Panzhihua, in Renhe District, Panzhihua, Sichuan
Datian, Tianjin, in Binhai New Area, Tianjin
Datian Township (大田乡)
Datian Township, Taining County, in Taining County, Fujian
Datian Township, Qinglong County Guizhou, in Qinglong County, Guizhou
Datian Township, Gan County, in Gan County, Jiangxi
Datian Township, Hanyuan County, in Hanyuan County, Sichuan
Datian Township, Wuyi County, Zhejiang, in Wuyi County, Zhejiang |
4010249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Every%20Man%20for%20Himself%20%28album%29 | Every Man for Himself (album) | Every Man for Himself is the third studio album by American rock band Hoobastank, released on May 8, 2006, by Island Records. It was the first album not to feature bassist Markku Lappalainen after his departure in 2005; Jane's Addiction bassist Chris Chaney and Paul Bushnell took his place for the album.
Singles
The first single "If I Were You" was released on May 1, 2006
The second and third singles from Every Man for Himself were "Inside of You" and "Born to Lead" respectively.
Those who pre-ordered the album from Apple's iTunes Music Store, received a bonus track called "Face the Music." Those who purchased the album in Japan received two bonus tracks with their green limited edition CDs titled "Finally Awake" and "Waiting". They also received a DVD with bonus content.
Promotion
Hoobastank announced the "Every Fan for Himself" tour which was billed as a fan appreciation tour, and to help promote the new album.
The song "Without a Fight" was featured in the trailer for the film Stormbreaker. An abridged cover version of the song was composed for the penultimate mission of the Nintendo DS rhythm game Elite Beat Agents in which the titular protagonists first respond to an incursion from hostile alien invaders who outlaw all music.
Critical reception
Every Man for Himself was met with "mixed or average" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 53 based on 7 reviews.
In a review for AllMusic, critic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: "If Every Man for Himself was constructed with the mainstream in mind, it likely won't win any new converts, since at their core Hoobastank remains unchanged: their songs aren't particularly dynamic or catchy, the band doggedly follows alt-rock conventions as if adherence to clichés gives the group legitimacy, and Robb's pedestrian voice alternately disappears into the mix or veers flat when he holds a note."
Track listing
All tracks composed by Daniel Estrin and Doug Robb.
Personnel
Hoobastank
Doug Robb – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, bass (Tracks unknown)
Daniel Estrin – lead guitar, bass (Tracks unknown)
Chris Hesse – drums, percussion
Additional personnel
Dale Dye – drill sergeant on "The Rules" and "Born to Lead"
Chris Chaney – bass (tracks 3, 5, 9, 10)
Paul Bushnell – bass (tracks 2, 4, 6-8, 11-13)
Howard Benson – keyboard, programming
Lenny Castro – percussion
Deborah Lurie – string arrangements
Casey Stone – strings
The Heart Attack Horns – horns on "Inside of You" and "More Than a Memory"
Frank Marocco – accordion on "More Than a Memory"
Charts
Certifications
References
External links
Hoobastank albums
2006 albums
Albums produced by Howard Benson |
4010255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liskinsky%20District | Liskinsky District | Liskinsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Liski. Population: 105,704 (2010 Census); The population of Liski accounts for 52.9% of the district's total population.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Voronezh Oblast |
4010258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daqiu | Daqiu | Daqiu may refer to:
Daqiu Village (), Anping, Lianyuan, Loudi, Hunan
Daqiu Village (), Jiuru, Pingtung, Taiwan
Daqiu Village (), Lioujia District, Tainan, Taiwan
Daqiu Islet () or Greater Qiu Islet, Wuqiu, Kinmen, Fujian, Republic of China (Taiwan)
Daqiu Island (), Beigan Township, Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands), Fujian, Republic of China (Taiwan)
People and fictional characters with the given name Daqiu include:
Li Daqiu (born 1953), Chinese politician
Xiao Daqiu (; 541–551), a descendant of Emperor Jianwen of Liang
Zhou Daqiu, character in the 2005 Singaporean television drama Portrait of Home |
4010259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20with%20Chimaeras | House with Chimaeras | House with Chimaeras or Horodecki House (, ) is an Art Nouveau building located in the historic Lypky neighborhood of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. Situated across the street from the President of Ukraine's office at No. 10, Bankova Street, the building has been used as a presidential residence for official and diplomatic ceremonies since 2005. The street in front of the building is closed off to all automobile traffic, and is now a patrolled pedestrian zone due to its near proximity to the Presidential Administration building.
The Polish architect Władysław Horodecki originally constructed the House with Chimaeras for use as his own upmarket apartment building during the period of 1901–1902. However, as the years went by, Horodecki eventually had to sell the building due to financial troubles, after which it changed ownership numerous times before finally being occupied by an official Communist Party polyclinic until the early 2000s. When the building was vacated, its interior and exterior decor were fully reconstructed and restored according to Horodecki's original plans.
The building derives its popular name from the ornate decorations depicting exotic animals and hunting scenes, which were sculpted by Italian architect Emilio Sala, since Horodecki was an avid hunter. The name does not refer to the chimaera of mythology, but to an architectural style known as chimaera decoration in which animal figures are applied as decorative elements to a building. Horodecki's unique architectural style earned him praise as the Antoni Gaudí of Kyiv.
History
Construction and early history
A House with Chimaeras was designed by the Polish architect Władysław Horodecki in 1901–1902. Horodecki was born in 1863 into a prosperous Polish szlachta family in the Podillia region. After finishing the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg in 1890, he moved to Kyiv, where he lived for almost 30 years. At the time of the building's construction, Horodecki had already established himself as a prominent Kyiv architect, having designed and constructed together with his close friend and partner engineer Anton Strauss many city buildings, from the St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Cathedral to the Karaite Kenesa and what today is the National Art Museum of Ukraine. Besides architecture, Horodecki was also interested in big-game hunting, which explains why his building features many animals.
Horodecki financed the house's construction with borrowed money, with the intent for it to be an apartment building. Each floor formed a single apartment, connected by an elevator and stairs. Horodecki himself occupied the fourth floor of the building, measuring at about .
Horodecki bought the first lot of land on February 1, 1901, with construction work commencing on March 18 of that year. Construction of the exterior walls was finished by August 21, and the roof installed and all masonry work was completed on September 13. Due to the economic hardships within the Russian Empire, the completion of the building was delayed. In May 1903, only one apartment on the lowest level and Horodecki's own apartment were occupied. The total cost of the land and construction amounted to 133,000 rubles. In total, of land were used for construction of the building and cost a total of 15,640 rubles. The projected annual profit from the rentals was 7,200 rubles. A cowshed was located on the premises due to Horodecki's insistence on fresh in-house milk, though it was specifically placed in a way that the smell of the cows would not disturb the tenants. On a lot adjacent to the building, a miniature alpine garden (approx. ) and a fountain were built.
Due to financial mismanagement which included his Safari hunting hobby, in July 1912, Horodecki pledged the building as a collateral against a loan taken from Kyiv Mutual Credit Association. When Horodecki defaulted on the loan, the building was auctioned off in 1913, and became the property of the engineer Daniel Balakhovsky, the son of a Kyiv trader, who was also the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Blahodatinskoe sugar factory, and a French сonsular agent in Kyiv. In 1916, the house belonged to the Blahodatinskoe sugar factory. In 1918, the building's ownership changed again, to Samuel Nemets. In 1921, after the Bolsheviks gained control of Kyiv, several of the departments of the Kyiv Military District took offices in the House with Chimaeras.
Ownership 1921–2002
After the period of unrest following the Russian Revolution of 1917, the building was nationalized and later converted for communal living. Each apartment was occupied by about nine to ten families. During the Second World War (1941–1943), the building was abandoned. Due to exposure to the harsh elements during the war, the building suffered significant damage to its structure. After the war, the building was briefly used as a residence for evacuated actors from the Ivan Franko Theater; however, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic took ownership of the building and later transformed it into the Polyclinic (clinic) No. 1 for their elite. The polyclinic used the building up until the end of the 20th century. During that time, the building almost split in half. One part sagged , and a major vertical crack formed, having a width of about . Some of the building's architectural details had either been chipped away, or had cracked.
The building's restoration work was scheduled for 2002, however the operators of the polyclinic were reluctant to leave, having occupied the building for over 40 years. In order to force the occupants out of the building, the workers boarded up all of the windows and threatened to do the same to the doors if the polyclinic did not vacate the premises. Only the president's involvement in the matter forced the polyclinic to move out completely.
Reconstruction and official use
During the time of the restoration, conducted by UkrNIIProektRestavratsiya and headed by Natalia Kosenko, the workers unearthed the whole lower floor, which had been filled in during Soviet times to strengthen the building's foundation. Restoration of the elaborate decor of the interior had to be fully redone. In the courtyard, the restorers placed an artificial lake, fountains, and a miniature garden—all of which had been in Horodecki's original plans.
The building was opened as a filial "Masterpieces of Ukrainian Art" of the National Museum of Arts in November 2004. It was expected that the building would serve a dual purpose as a museum and as the presidential meeting place for state visitors. In April 2005, the Kyiv City Council submitted a bill for ₴104 million (approx. US$20 million) to the Ukrainian Government for reconstruction and restoration of the House with Chimaeras. The Council also allowed the Ukrainian government to construct a new square (closing off all automobile traffic) in front of the building for use in official ceremonies.
Since May 2005, the building has been an official presidential residence, used for official and diplomatic ceremonies. The House with Chimaeras was used as a meeting place between Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko and Russian President Vladimir Putin, when the latter visited Kyiv on December 22, 2006. Included in the building are rooms for negotiations, tête-à-tête talks, the signing of official documents, as well as a special room for the press.
Architecture
The building was designed in the Art Nouveau style, which was at that time a relatively new style and featured flowing, curvilinear designs often incorporating floral and other plant-inspired motifs. Horodecki featured such motifs in the building's exterior decor in the forms of mythical creatures and big-game animals. His work on the House with Chimaeras has earned him the nickname of the Gaudí of Kyiv.
Due to the steep slope on which the building is situated, it had to be specially designed out of concrete to fit into its foundations correctly. From the front, the building appears to have only three floors. However, from the rear, all of its six floors can be seen. One part of the building's foundation was made of concrete piles, and the other as a continuous foundation. Usually, these two approaches do not mix well but Horodecki somehow succeeded in overcoming this technical problem.
The Italian sculptor Emilio Sala was responsible for both the internal and external sculptural decorations, such as mermaids, dolphins, and frogs on the roof of the building, sinking ships and hunting trophies on the exterior walls, and exuberant interior decorations, such as grand stairways and chandeliers depicting huge catfish strangled in the stems of lotus flowers. The exterior sculptures created by Sala were made out of cement. Production of the cement was by the «For» company of which Horodecki was the co-director. Cement was used exclusively as the primary building material by the request of the company's head director, Richter. At the time of the building's construction, cement was not popular as a building material, so its use was employed as publicity for both the house and the building material.
Floor plan
The House with Chimaeras was designed in such a way that the tenants would occupy the whole floor, each floor had all the necessary household rooms ranging from private kitchens to small powder rooms. The open floor plan and extra rooms featured throughout the building are characteristic of the houses of the wealthy of the early 20th century. In total, the building has an area of .
On the lowest level of the building, which is located deep in the hill, were two stables, two rooms for coachmen, a shared laundry, and two separate apartments. Each of the two apartments consisted of a foyer, a kitchen, one bathroom, and a storage room. The first of these apartments had two residential rooms, and the second three rooms. Each floor above the lowest level was designed to house a single apartment only.
The apartment on the second floor consisted of six residential rooms in addition to a foyer, kitchen, buffet, three servant's rooms, a bathroom, two toilets, and two storage rooms. There were also four wine cellars on the same level. The cellars belonged to the apartments on the upper levels. On the third floor, the apartment consisted of eight residential rooms, a foyer, a kitchen, dish washing room, two rooms for servants, a bathroom, and two toilets. This apartment was placed slightly lower than the level of Bankova Street, from the front entrance.
The grandest apartment, which belonged to Horodecki, consisted of a study, a great room and a living room, a dining room, a boudoir, a bedroom, a children's room, a room for a governess, a guest room, three rooms for servants, a kitchen, dishwashing room, bathroom, two toilets, and two storage rooms. On the floor above was an apartment similar in size and design to Horodecki's apartment. The apartment on the top floor had one less room; to make up for this, there was a connecting terrace which provided a panoramic view of the city.
Legends
Throughout the years, the unusual nature of the House with Chimaeras has given rise to a number of stories occasionally repeated in guide-books or newspapers, which are however either untrue or lacking any verifiable source.
According to the first legend, Władysław Horodecki's daughter had committed suicide jumping into Dnieper River either because of some unfortunate love affair or because of a family feud. As a result, Horodecki went slightly mad and built this gloomy house in his daughter's memory.
A second legend has it that Horodecki made a bet with some other architects, including the architect Alexander Skobelev, who had tried to prove that was impossible to build a house on such terrain, because the site (near the Ivan Franko Theater) overhangs a swamp (Koz'ye boloto). The Construction Committee of Kyiv had prohibited construction of any structures on this particular lot, but eventually the construction of the building allowed Horodecki to win the bet.
According to the third legend, Horodecki had cursed it in 1913 (due to his inability to repay his creditors); all of the house's tenants would be either unhappy or would meet some sort of financial misfortune. There is a story that all the businesses who rented a portion of the building either went bankrupt, had their funds stolen or were disbanded.
References
Notes
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
Residential buildings completed in 1902
Art Nouveau architecture in Kyiv
Buildings and structures in Kyiv
Official residences in Ukraine
Government buildings in Ukraine
Art Nouveau apartment buildings
Pecherskyi District |
4010271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurizio%20Fondriest | Maurizio Fondriest | Maurizio Fondriest (born 15 January 1965) is a retired Italian professional road racing cyclist.
Career
Born in Cles, Trentino, Fondriest turned professional in 1987 with the Ecoflam team. He subsequently rode for Alfa-Lum in 1988, winning the World Cycling Championships along with stages in the Tour de Suisse and Tirreno–Adriatico. In 1991, riding for Panasonic, he won the UCI Road World Cup.
In 1993, riding for the Lampre team, he won Milan–San Remo, La Flèche Wallonne, the Züri-Metzgete, the Giro dell'Emilia, the general classification and two stages of Tirreno–Adriatico, three stages and the general classification of the Grand Prix du Midi Libre, a stage in the Giro d'Italia and the overall World Cup. He never again had such a successful season, although he had another successful season with Lampre in 1995: in that year he won a stage in the Giro d'Italia and came in second in a number of races (the Tirreno–Adriatico general classification, Milan–San Remo, Gent–Wevelgem, La Flèche Wallonne, and a stage in the Giro d'Italia).
Retirement
He retired in 1998 after riding for Cofidis for two years, and founded a bicycle manufacturer, called Fondriest, which makes carbon fiber bicycles.
Major results
1985
1st Piccolo Giro di Lombardia
1st Stage 8 Giro Ciclistico d'Italia
1986
1st GP di Poggiana
1st Circuito Belvedere
1987
1st Stage 4 Volta a Catalunya
3rd Paris-Tours
3rd Coppa Bernocchi
3rd Giro di Romagna
3rd Memorial Gastone Nencini
6th Giro dell'Emilia
6th Milano-Torino
7th Coppa Placci
8th GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
1988
1st Road race, UCI Road World Championships
1st GP Industria & Commercio di Prato
1st Stage 4 Tour de Suisse
1st Stage 1a Cronostaffetta
2nd Milan-San Remo
2nd Coppa Bernocchi
2nd Giro dell'Emilia
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
3rd Giro di Campania
3rd Coppa Placci
3rd Giro di Romagna
6th Overall Tirreno-Adriatico
1st Stage 4
6th Overall Tour of Belgium
6th Firenze-Pistoia
8th G.P. Camaiore
1989
1st Giro di Toscana
1st Coppa Sabatini
1st Stage 1a Cronostaffetta
2nd Wincanton Classic
2nd Giro del Friuli
2nd G.P. Camaiore
2nd Giro del Veneto
2nd Giro dell'Emilia
2nd Trofeo Baracchi
3rd GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
3rd Firenze-Pistoia
6th Giro di Romagna
10th Overall Tirreno-Adriatico
10th Züri-Metzgete
1990
1st Coppa Agostoni
1st Giro del Lazio
1st Stage 2 Settimana Internazionale Coppi e Bartali
3rd Overall Tour of Britain
1st Stage 6
3rd Paris-Tours
5th Milan-San Remo
5th Tour of Flanders
5th Overall Tirreno-Adriatico
9th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
9th Milano-Torino
1991
1st UCI Road World Cup
Volta a Catalunya
1st Stages 3a & 3b
1st Stage 3 Settimana Internazionale Coppi e Bartali
2nd Amstel Gold Race
2nd Grand Prix Pino Cerami
3rd Clásica de San Sebastián
3rd Brabantse Pijl
4th Zuri-Metzgete
4th Grand Prix des Nations
4th Firenze-Pistoia
5th Wincanton Classic
7th GP des Amériques
1992
1st Trofeo Melinda
1st Stage 5b Volta a Catalunya
1st Stage 3 Vuelta a Andalucía
2nd Giro del Lazio
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
3rd Giro di Campania
3rd Grand Prix Pino Cerami
4th Tour of Flanders
7th GP des Amériques
7th Milano-Torino
9th Paris-Tours
9th Coppa Placci
1993
1st UCI Road World Cup
1st Milan-San Remo
1st La Flèche Wallonne
1st Zuri-Metzgete
1st Giro dell'Emilia
1st Firenze-Pistoia
1st Challenge San Silvestro d'Oro
1st Challenge Giglio d'Oro
1st Baden-Baden
1st Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
1st Stages 2 & 4
1st Overall Giro del Trentino
1st Stages 2, 3 & 4
1st Overall GP du Midi-Libre
1st Stages 2, 3 & 5
1st Overall Escalada a Montjuich
1st Stages 1a & 1b (ITT)
1st Stage 5 Vuelta a Andalucía
1st Stage 5 Settimana Internazionale Coppi e Bartali
2nd Overall Volta a Catalunya
1st Prologue & Stage 6 (ITT)
2nd Paris-Tours
3rd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
3rd Wincanton Classic
3rd Millemetri del Corso di Mestre
4th Amstel Gold Race
5th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
7th Grand Prix des Nations
8th Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Stage 1b (ITT)
8th Tour of Flanders
1994
1st Overall Tour de Pologne
1st Stages 2 & 6
1st Overall Tour of Britain
1st Stages 1 & 3a (ITT)
1st Stage 3 Settimana Internazionale Coppi e Bartali
1st Giro del Lazio
1st Coppa Sabatini
2nd Giro dell'Emilia
3rd Zuri-Metzgete
3rd Firenze-Pistoia
5th Giro di Lombardia
7th Milano-Torino
1995
1st Stage 7 Giro d'Italia
1st Prologue Volta a Catalunya
2nd Gent-Wevelgem
2nd La Flèche Wallonne
2nd Giro di Romagna
2nd Overall Tirreno-Adriatico
3rd Overall Vuelta a Murcia
5th G.P. Camaiore
7th Rund um den Henninger Turm
8th Overall KBC Driedaagse van De Panne-Koksijde
1st Stage 3b (ITT)
8th Wincanton Classic
9th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
9th Zuri-Metzgete
1996
1st Stage 3b KBC Driedaagse van De Panne-Koksijde (ITT)
2nd Overall Tour de Pologne
1st Stage 8
3rd La Flèche Wallonne
3rd Overall Settimana Internazionale Coppi e Bartali
3rd Overall Giro di Sardegna
4th Time trial, Olympic Games
7th Rund um den Henninger Turm
9th Züri-Metzgete
1997
1st Stage 2 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
4th Overall Tour du Limousin
6th Trofeo Melinda
References
External links
Fondriest bicycles
1965 births
Living people
People from Cles
Italian male cyclists
Italian cycle designers
UCI Road World Champions (elite men)
Olympic cyclists of Italy
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Italian Giro d'Italia stage winners
Tour de Suisse stage winners
Sportspeople from Trentino
UCI Road World Cup winners
Cyclists from Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol |
4010272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Foss%20%28DE-59%29 | USS Foss (DE-59) | USS Foss (DE-59) was a of the United States Navy, in service from 1943 to 1957. She was sunk as a target in September 1966.
Namesake
Rodney Shelton Foss was born on 8 May 1919 in Monticello, Arkansas to George and Linnie Shelton Foss. The family moved to Pine Bluff, Arkansas, where he graduated from Pine Bluff High School. He attended the University of Arkansas and Louisiana State University before entering the military.
He enlisted in the U.S. Navy on 5 September 1940 and received training at Northwestern University in Chicago and was commissioned as an Ensign. Foss was stationed to Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, assigned to Patrol Squadron 11 (VP-11). Foss was the graveyard shift duty officer when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor at 07:52 on 7 December 1941. Foss was due to be relieved just as Japanese aircraft began strafing the flight line occupied by VP-11 and VP-12 and the two rows of the squadrons' PBY Catalina aircraft lined up neatly along the ramp area between the hangar and the sea wall. Because they approached from the north, the Japanese arrived at NAS Kaneohe several minutes before the rest of the attack force reached Pearl Harbor, making the shots fired at Kaneohe the first fired in the attack. Foss was struck and killed instantly by a 20mm cannon shell during the first strafing run, making him one of the first U.S. casualties in the Pacific War. He was interred in Oakland Cemetery. He was posthumously awarded a Commendation, a Pacific Fleet medal, and a Purple Heart.
History
Foss was launched on 10 April 1943 by Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Hingham, Massachusetts; sponsored by Mrs. George R. Foss, mother of Ensign Foss; and commissioned on 23 July 1943.
1943–1950
Foss sailed from Boston on 22 September 1943 for the Netherlands West Indies to escort a tanker convoy back to New York. From New York, she put to sea once more on 13 October, again with a group of tankers and, after calling at Aruba, crossed the Atlantic to Dakar, Oran and Algiers, returning by way of Aruba and the Canal Zone to New York. Between 26 December and 9 October 1944, Foss operated on the New York-Derry convoy route, making seven voyages to build up forces in Europe for the Normandy invasion and to support the advance on the continent once the landings had been made.
Assigned to operational development activities in anti-submarine warfare, Foss sailed out of Washington, New London, Charleston, Norfolk, and ports in Florida during the next six years. She tested equipment for the Naval Research Laboratory and conducted operations under the direction of the Fleet Sonar School, the Anti-submarine Development Detachment, and the Operational Development Force. In 1946, she was equipped with ship/shore power conversion equipment, with which, during the winter of 1947–48, she provided Portland, Maine, with emergency electric power after normal power resources had failed because of forest fires and lack of rain. In August 1950, Foss took part in rocket experiments at Cape Canaveral, recording data after seaward firings.
1950–1957
Reassigned to the Pacific Fleet, Foss departed Norfolk on 29 September 1950, reaching San Diego on 11 October. Six days later, she sailed for duty in Korea, where her special ability to provide power to the shore was used at Chinnampo, Inchon, and Hŭngnam in November and December. She arrived at Ulsan Man on 25 December and remained until 18 August 1951, providing power for an Army unit stationed there.
Returning to San Diego on 10 September, Foss served in ordnance tests until 21 September, when she raised Pearl Harbor, her new home port. During the next five years, she operated locally in the Hawaiian Islands, as well as making two cruises on surveillance patrol through the islands of the Pacific Trust Territory and two tours of duty in the Far East. During her 1955 tour, she served as station ship at Hong Kong.
Decommissioning and fate
In June 1957, Foss returned to the west coast and was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Mare Island Naval Shipyard on 30 October 1957. On 6 September 1966, Foss was sunk as a target by off the coast of California near San Diego.
Awards
Foss received one battle star for Korean War service.
References
External links
Buckley-class destroyer escorts
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Cold War frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Korean War frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Ships built in Hingham, Massachusetts
1943 ships |
4010279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanguo | Hanguo | Hanguo () may refer to:
Han (state)
South Korea |
4010291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Burns | William Burns | William, Will, or Willie Burns may refer to:
Politics and law
William Burns (Scottish historian) (1809–1876), Scottish lawyer and historian
William J. Burns (1861–1932), American director of the Bureau of Investigation (predecessor to the FBI) 1921–1924
William Herbert Burns (1878–1964), Canadian politician, merchant, and Olympic curling champion
W. Haydon Burns (1912–1987), governor of Florida
William L. Burns (1913–2005), member of the New York State Assembly
William J. Burns (diplomat) (born 1956), CIA director and former United States Deputy Secretary of State
William D. Burns (born 1973), Illinois state representative
Sports
William Burns (lacrosse) (1875–1953), Canadian Olympic lacrosse player
William Burns (cricketer) (1883–1916), English cricketer
Tosher Burns (William Burns, 1902–1984), Irish international footballer of the 1920s
Willie Burns (1916–1966), American Negro league baseball player
William Burns (referee) (1952–2019), English football referee
Will Burns (racing driver) (born 1990), British racing driver
Others
William Burns (saddler) (1769-1790), brother of Robert Burns the poet
William Chalmers Burns (1815–1868), Scottish evangelist and missionary
William Wallace Burns (1825–1892), American soldier
William Burns (died 1907), victim of lynching in Cumberland, Maryland
See also
Bill Burns (disambiguation)
Billy Burns (disambiguation)
William Burn (disambiguation)
William Byrne (disambiguation)
William Burnes (1721–1784), father of poet Robert Burns
Burns (surname) |
4010303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung%20Fu%3A%20The%20Movie | Kung Fu: The Movie | Kung Fu: The Movie is a 1986 made-for-television film and the first in a series of sequels which continued the story of the Shaolin monk, Kwai Chang Caine, first introduced in the 1972–1975 television series Kung Fu. The role of Caine is resumed by David Carradine. The role of his son, Chung Wang, is portrayed by Brandon Lee in his acting debut. The film aired on Brandon's 21st birthday on February 1, 1986. The role of Master Po is also resumed by Keye Luke and The Manchu is portrayed by Mako (Makoto Iwamatsu/岩松松村 信). In the film, the show's hero, Kwai Chang Caine (Carradine), is forced to fight his hitherto unknown son, Chung Wang (Lee).
Plot
1885, a place between San Francisco and Sacramento. A mysterious Manchu man arrives in town, with his young companion Chung Wang, who is both his valet and, while being under a magical spell, a killer at his service. The Manchu is looking for a Shaolin priest with a price on his head: Kwai Chang Caine.
Caine is leading a quiet life working as a laborer at a warehouse, shielding his countrymen from the cruel foreman, when he gets involved in a crime. The young American missionary Reverend Lawrence Perkins, back from China and apparently insane, gained entrance to a local opium den where he was murdered by the Manchu man. In the course of a general raid of Chinese people led by the vicious Deputy Wyatt, Caine is brought to the open and the missionary’s body is found. Caine’s knowledge of Chinese drugs and weapons that signal the death was a murder and not caused by “the poppy” attracts the attention of Sheriff Mills, who uses his expertise in the investigation, but also makes of him a suspect.
Mrs. Sarah Perkins, the missionary’s widow, pleads for Caine’s help in finding the real cause of her husband’s death. Caine starts to investigate while helping the Asian-American family whose lodging he shares, and the Manchu’s young servant stalks him wherever he goes until Caine goes outside and confronts him. After a talk in which Chung Wang delivers him sad news about the Shaolin temple and demands to be taught kung fu, Caine invites him to share his lodging, offers him a job at the warehouse, and tries to teach the young man some humility before teaching him kung fu. This lasts until the next day when the young disciple gets into a violent fight with the warehouse’s foreman and when stopped by Caine, scorns his master’s pacifism. Caine dismisses him. Later, Caine sees Master Po in a vision, confirming the news from China and warning him of danger in a cemetery.
The Manchu’s search has put other people on Caine’s trail for the reward. Ching, the opium den’s host, sets a trap for him using Mrs. Perkins as bait, which results in her flight, both Ching’s accidental death and of a henchman of his in the ensuing fight, and Caine’s flight. Deputy Wyatt finds on Ching’s body Caine's Wanted poster. Later, Mrs. Perkins arrives at his father-in-law’s trading company, where she is rendered unconscious by the Manchu man’s henchmen. When Caine arrives, the Manchu identifies himself as the father of the Emperor’s Nephew who Caine killed in China, and reveals to him that Chung Wang is his son, fathered shortly before fleeing from China (Kung Fu, s3e15). Having retaken Chung Wang under his control, the Manchu commands him to kill Caine. After an epic fight, Caine escapes and rescues Mrs. Perkins from the Manchu’s henchmen, only for him to get arrested by Deputy Wyatt.
At the prison, Sheriff Mills visits Caine, who puts him on the trail to discover a web of corruption related to opium trade. The Sheriff promises to do his best to free Caine if he can prove him innocent. The Manchu also visits Caine; he summons him to a final fight at the local Chinese cemetery on the same date his son died. If Caine doesn’t show up, Chung Wang will pay for it with his life. When the Sheriff discovers the proof of the illegal trade, Deputy Wyatt murders him.
At the trial, Caine is accused of Ching and the henchman’s deaths, Reverend Perkins’ murder; and his situation as a wanted man in China is pointed at. He is found guilty and sentenced to death. Mr. John Martin Perkins III has decided to send his daughter-in-law to China to have his son buried there, and he talks with Deputy Wyatt about their mutual Manchu friend. Caine escapes from prison and takes Mrs. Perkins to a Perkins Trading Company warehouse to see the proof of the opium trade, demonstrating her father-in-law’s involvement. Mrs. Perkins goes to denounce the crime to a Federal Marshall, who happens to be also involved in the plot, so, no action is taken. There is nobody else to ask for help: Caine and Mrs. Perkins (who is developing feelings for him) continue the investigation together.
That night, they are watching over a building where the Manchu is testing a flamethrower when Caine is seen on the street by some of his henchmen. A fight ensues, resulting in a henchman burnt to a crisp. Amidst the generalized panic of the passersby, Deputy Wyatt takes Mrs. Perkins, supposedly, to a safe place. In reality, it is a kidnapping to attract Caine to his demise at a warehouse rigged with Manchu spear-throwing devices. In the following fight between Caine, the flying spears, and the corrupt law officer, both the Deputy and Mrs. Perkins are killed.
The next day, at the Chinese cemetery-park where Caine has buried the noble lady, he sees Master Po in a vision admonishing him to seek his inner strength. Then, the final confrontation takes place. In the course of the battle, neither Chung Wang’s martial ability nor the Manchu’s flamethrower nor his swords and magical powers combined are enough to overcome Caine’s kung fu mystical powers. It is revealed to Chung Wang that Caine is his father. Afterward, sitting peacefully in the park, playing his flute and watching Master Po smiling at them, Caine teaches his son to hear the grasshopper that is at his feet. Then, father and son walk together to fight against the opium trade ring.
Cast
David Carradine as Kwai Chang Caine
Mako as The Manchu
Brandon Lee as Chung Wang
Roy Jenson as the Warehouse Foreman
Paul Rudd as Reverend Lawrence Perkins
Michael Paul Chan as Ching
Luke Askew as Sheriff Mills
William Lucking as Deputy Wyatt
Kerrie Keane as Mrs. Sarah Perkins
Martin Landau as John Martin Perkins III
Benson Fong as the Old One
Ellen Geer as the Old One’s Wife
Jim Haynie as the Federal Marshall
Keye Luke as Master Po
Production
The feature-length television movie had David Carradine returning as the lead Kwai Chang Caine. The casting of Caine's son took place in 1985, while working as a script reader in Los Angeles. Brandon, the son martial arts movie star Bruce Lee, was approached by casting director Lynn Stalmaster for the role of Chung Wang and successfully auditioned for his first credited acting role in Kung Fu: The Movie. Brandon's common collaborator Jeff Imada who worked on the set said that due to the martial arts nature of the film it had no appeal to him who wanted to be introduced as an actor and not Bruce Lee's son, however he was talked into doing it. Brandon later said that he felt there was some justice in being cast for this role in his first feature, since the TV show's pilot had been conceived for his father.
Kung Fu: The Movie first aired on CBS on February 1, 1986, Lee's 21st birthday.
References
Further reading
External links
Warner Bros. films
Movie
1986 television films
1986 films
American martial arts films
Television series reunion films
Films based on television series
Films scored by Lalo Schifrin
CBS network films
Television films based on television series
Films directed by Richard Lang (director) |
4010307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yingguo | Yingguo | Yingguo () is a town in eastern Henan province, China, near the border with Anhui province. It is under the administration of Yucheng County.
References
Township-level divisions of Henan
Yucheng County |
4010312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnauld%20family | Arnauld family | The Arnauld or Arnaud family Lord de la Mothe, de Bessac, de la Besse, de Villeneuve, de Ronzière et d'Artonne, then d'Andilly, de Corbeville and Marquess de Pomponne is a noble French family prominent in the 17th century, and closely associated with Jansenism, associating frequently with the Jansenist religious communities in Port-Royal de Paris and Port-Royal des Champs. While their base of operations was in Paris, the family's roots is in the Auvergne region of France.
History
Ennobled in 1464, the Arnauld family held many prestigious functions: Isaac Arnauld (-1561) was general of the Carabineers in the Royal Army, Simon Arnauld de Pomponne (1618–1699) was a royal ambassador and Antoine Arnauld was the royal State Counselor to King Henry IV and General Prosecutor for Queen Catherine of Medicis in 1582
The family is divided into several branches. The oldest, Arnauld de Pomponne and Arnauld d'Andilly are now extinct. Another branch of the family, divided into two sub-branches; the Arnauld de la Ronzière and Arnauld d'Artonne are still represented today.
One of the most memorable figure is Antoine Arnauld (b. 1560, d. 1619 CE). Legendarily, the "original sin" that led to the Jesuits (among others) becoming bitter foes to the Arnaulds was a speech given in 1594 by Antoine (an eloquent lawyer) apologizing for the University of Paris against the Jesuits. Of Antoine's and Catherine Marion de Druy's 20 children, only ten would survive childhood- but 9 of them would become involved in the Port-Royal projects, going on variously to become poets, authors, translators, monks etc. Indeed, Marie Angélique de Sainte Madeleine, (b. 1591, d. 1661) would become an abbess of the Port-Royal Cistercian house, where she is remembered for her reforms (prompted by St. Francis de Sales). One of the aforementioned authors was Antoine Arnauld (b. 1612, d. 1694), who spent his efforts on attacking the Jesuits from his position in the Sorbonne, while his elder brother (and sister of Madeleine) Robert Arnauld d'Andilly, (b. 1588, d. 1674) spent his life at the Port-Royal translating texts and writing noted religious poetry.
Family tree
Heraldry
References
External links
Article at Encyclopædia Britannica
Article at the Columbia Encyclopedia
Political families of France
Jansenists
17th-century French people |
4010315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Wonga | Simon Wonga | Simon Wonga (1824–1874), ngurungaeta and son of Billibellary, was an elder of the Wurundjeri people, who lived in the Melbourne area of Australia before European settlement. He was resolute that his people would survive the "onslaught" of white men.
Life
In 1835, he was present when his father and other Wurundjeri elders met with John Batman and witnessed the signing of the historically contentious "treaty" which heralded the establishment of a permanent British colony in Victoria.
In 1840 Wonga injured his foot in the Dandenongs. Billibellary searched for him, and when found carried him to a homestead where he was transported back to Melbourne by dray to be cared for and have his wound dressed for a period of two months by Assistant Protector William Thomas and wife Susannah.
His father died in 1846 and by 1851 he was recognised leader, the ngurungaeta or headman of the Wurundjeri and Kulin people.
By 1848 he had joined the Native Police Corp and led armed and mounted units conducting licence hunts with Captain Dana during the early years of Victoria's gold rush. After the Corps were disbanded in 1853, he worked with Colonel Joseph Anderson, Joseph Panton, Alfred Selwyn, Robert Brough Smyth and as an occasional guide for landscape painters Eugene Von Guerard, Nicholas Chevalier and later with Louis Buvelot. He was a regular guest of Lilly and Paul de Castella at Yering Station while his family took refuge upstream on the Yarra River around Woori Yallock-Launching Place. A reserve was gazetted for that site until a gold rush to Hoddles Creek in 1858.
In February 1859 some Wurundjeri elders, led by Wonga (aged 35) and brother Tommy Munnering (aged 24) petitioned Protector Thomas to secure land for the Taungurong at the junction of the Acheron and Goulburn rivers. "I bring my friends Goulburn Blacks, they want a block of land in their country where they may sit down plant corn potatoes etc etc, and work like white man", he told Thomas.
Initial representations to the Victorian Government were positive, however the intervention of the most powerful squatter in Victoria, Hugh Glass, resulted in their removal to a colder site, Mohican Station, which was not suitable for agricultural land and had to be abandoned. Finally in March 1863 the Kulin people suggested a traditional camping site located at Coranderrk, near Healesville and requested ownership of this land. This meeting occurred at the State Exhibition buildings during celebrations for the marriage of the Prince of Wales, and was sketched by Nicholas Chevalier and published in national newspapers. Access to the land was provided, though importantly not granted as freehold.
He was a successful entrepreneur, described by Fred Cahir in Black Gold (2013) trading building materials, baskets and meats and labour with farmers and miners.
Personal life and death
Simon Wonga appears to have been married three times, twice to Gunai Kurnai women, and it is believed that none of his children survived. On 19 July 1865 The Argus reported on an inquest into the death of "Captain Tom" the "son of Wonga" who had died of lung and heart disease after prolonged morbidity near Bendigo. The report included his young widow named "Eliza" related to the "Goulburn tribe".
The cause of Wonga's death in 1874 is usually accepted as tuberculosis.
William Barak was his cousin, who took over as ngurungaeta after his death.
Legacy
The Melbourne suburb of Wonga Park is named after him. He provided the name Donna Buang to Joseph Panton for a mountain in the upper Yarra, and Wonga Road in Millgrove was named in his honour. Mount Wonga in Gippsland is also named after him, an area that was unsuccessfully mined for gold in the 1920s. A Wonga Wonga Society devoted to the preservation of the environment was briefly formed by a small group of people in Gippsland at the beginning of the 20th century.
References
Australian Aboriginal elders
Wurundjeri
1824 births
1874 deaths |
4010323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duan%20Yuanfei | Duan Yuanfei | Duan Yuanfei (段元妃) (died 396), formally Empress Cheng'ai (成哀皇后, literally "the successful and lamentable empress"), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Later Yan dynasty. Her husband was the state's founding emperor, Murong Chui (Emperor Wucheng). Her given name is lost to history, but her courtesy name Yuanfei was recorded. She was the niece of two of Murong Chui's prior wives, who were daughters of the Xianbei chief Duan Mopei (段末怌). Her father Duan Yi (段儀) was a brother of the Princesses Duan.
Life
Murong Chui married Duan Yuanfei in or slightly earlier than 388. His younger brother Murong De married her sister Duan Jifei around the same time. He created her empress in 388 and favored her greatly. They had two sons, Murong Lang (慕容朗) the Prince of Bohai and Murong Jian (慕容鑒) the Prince of Boling.
Empress Duan was described as being intelligent and a good judge of character. As she saw that Murong Chui's crown prince Murong Bao lacked governing talents, she tried to persuade him to make one of his more capable sons, Murong Nong the Prince of Liaoxi or Murong Long the Prince of Gaoyang, crown prince, but Murong Chui, believing in the flattery that Murong Bao's associates had given him, disbelieved Empress Duan and kept Murong Bao as crown prince. She had also advised him to put his treacherous son Murong Lin the Prince of Zhao to death. As a result, Murong Bao and Murong Lin greatly resented her.
After Murong Chui died in 396, Murong Bao sent Murong Lin to threaten her and force her to commit suicide—stating that if she did not, he would do harm to her clan. In anger, she stated that Murong Bao would soon cause the empire's destruction, and then committed suicide. Initially, Murong Bao refused to give her an empress' burial honors, but after his official Sui Sui (眭邃) publicly articulated reasons why she should be honored, Murong Bao relented and buried her with imperial honors.
References
Later Yan empresses
396 deaths
Former Yan people
Former Qin people
Year of birth unknown
4th-century births
Suicides in Later Yan |
4010325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiandai | Xiandai | Xiàndài (现代) is a term meaning modern or Modern Era in Mandarin Chinese. It is often used in one of the following contexts:
Xiàndài Hànyǔ Chángyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语常用字表), "List of Frequently Used Characters in Modern Chinese" published by the People's Republic of China
Xiandai wenxue (現代文學), "Modern Literature", Taiwan-based literary journal.
See also
Modern (disambiguation) |
4010327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20City%20High%20School | Plant City High School | The Plant City High School is a public high school in Plant City, Florida, United States and is part of the Hillsborough County Public Schools. The current school building was completed in 1972 on Maki Road, now called Raider Place.
History
The original school is located at 605 North Collins Street. It was built in 1914 and designed by Tampa-based architect Willis R. Biggers. The original building now houses a community center and historical society and was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 1981.
School
In May 2006, Plant City High School was recognized as one of the top 1000 high schools in America by Newsweek magazine. Advance placement examination participation at PCHS has tripled since 2000, the largest increase in the district. Nearly 20% of the 2006 graduates passed an AP exam while in high school. Seven of the teachers are Nationally Board Certified.
The current principal is Mrs. Susan Sullivan.
Improvement
Plant City was one of 16 schools nationwide selected by the College Board for inclusion in the EXCELerator School Improvement Model program beginning the 2007–2008 school year. The project was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Notable alumni
Arthur Cox, former NFL player
Derrick Gainer, former NFL player
Ashley Moody, thirty-eighth Attorney General of Florida
Clay Roberts, soccer player and coach
Kenny Rogers (1982), Major League Baseball pitcher
References
External links
National Register of Historic Places in Hillsborough County, Florida
High schools in Hillsborough County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
1914 establishments in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1914
Plant City, Florida |
4010333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCAS | DCAS | DCAS may be:
Defense Contract Administrative Service
Deputy Chief of the Air Staff
Derive computer algebra system
Double compare-and-swap
Downloadable Conditional Access System
Dynamic Computer Algebra System
Devon and Cornwall Archery Society
Department of Citywide Administrative Services, New York City |
4010348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble%20nest | Bubble nest | Bubble nests, also called foam nests, are created by some fish and frog species as floating masses of bubbles blown with an oral secretion, saliva bubbles, and occasionally aquatic plants. Fish that build and guard bubble nests are known as aphrophils. Aphrophils include gouramis (including Betta species) and the synbranchid eel Monopterus alba in Asia, Microctenopoma (Anabantidae), Polycentropsis (Nandidae), and Hepsetus odoe (the only member of Hepsetidae) in Africa, and callichthyines and the electric eel in South America. Most, if not all, fish that construct floating bubble nests live in tropical, oxygen-depleted standing waters. Osphronemidae, containing the Bettas and Gouramies, are the most commonly recognized family of bubble nest makers, though some members of that family mouthbrood instead. The nests are constructed as a place for fertilized eggs to be deposited while incubating and guarded by one or both parents (usually solely the male) until the fry hatch.
Bubble nests can also be found in the habitats of domesticated male Betta fish. Nests found in these types of habitats indicate a healthy and happy fish.
Construction and Nest Characteristics
Bubble nests are built even when not in presence of female or fry (though often a female swimming past will trigger the frantic construction of the nest). Males will build bubble nests of various sizes and thicknesses, depending on the male's territory and personality. Some males build constantly, some occasionally, some when introduced to a female and some do not even begin until after spawning. Some nests will be large, some small, some thick. Nest size does not directly correlate with number of eggs.
Bigger males build larger bubble nests. Large bubble nests are able to handle more eggs and larval fish and thus can only be handled by larger males. Larger males are also able to be more successful in protecting their eggs and juvenile fish from predators.
Most nests are found in shallow bodies and marginal areas of water. These areas are typically slow water habitats with dense vegetation. Water in these areas is often differentiated by having a higher temperature, lower salinity, oxygen level and alkalinity (e.g. acidic).
The use of shallow and marginal waters is because most larger predatory fish are more likely to be restricted to deeper waters, which helps keep the predator threat and competition low. Water temperatures in shallow water typically have a more rapid rate of change (because the infrared heat from the sun has much less effect as water levels deepen) which leads to more optimal temperatures for breeding and egg development. Warm water increases the frequency of nest building and of female spawning.
The use of shallow water is also because fertilized eggs need to be aerated in order to hatch successfully.
Various stimuli have been shown to affect onset the construction of Bubble Nests, such as rapid changes in temperature, barometric changes, fluctuations in rainfall, various fish tank materials, and presence of other males or females.
The nests are built by the male (sometimes females) and their size, position and shape depends on the species. They are often built near an object that breaks the surface of the water, which forms a base for the nest.
Bubble nests created by male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) are made from air bubbles coated with saliva to increase durability. The creation of the bubbles is audible and often frantic.
Bubble nests and breeding
Males are responsible for building the nests, courting females, defending the territory and caring for the developing fish and newly hatched larval fish. Most, if not all, species of bubble nesting fish continue parental care after construction of the floating bubble nest and spawning. After spawning the eggs either float up into the bubble nest, or (in the case of sinking eggs) are carried there, and subsequently lodged into the nest by one or both parents. Following this, the male protects the brood by chasing away the female (if not a species in which the female also guards the nest) and any other intruders, concentrating on the eggs in the nest, retrieving any eggs or fry that fall from the nest and keeping the nest in repair. Only a handful of bubble nest makers (notably some snakeheads) have females participate in bubble nest maintenance. One or both parents will guard the eggs constantly until the fry hatch after 24–48 hours and be suspended from the nest. The newly hatched fry will then be tended by the parent fish until they are independent, which can take from a day to several weeks depending on the species.
Frogs
Several different frog clades include species that make bubble nests. Frogs use bubble nests as a form of protection for their eggs.
See also
Spawn (biology)
References
External links
- A video of two Siamese fighting fish spawning. The male can be seen carrying eggs up to the bubble nest.
Bubble-nest building
Betta fish bubble nests and pet care
Function of bubble nests
Fish reproduction
Fishkeeping
Ichthyology |
4010352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raed | Raed | Raed (; Arabic: , ) is an Arabic male name, meaning leader or pioneer.
People
Raed Arafat (born 1964), Syrian-born physician of Palestinian descent and Romanian citizenship
Raed Elhamali, Libyan-American basketball player
Raed Fares, Syrian journalist, activist and civil society leader from Kafr Nabl, Syria
Raed Jarrar, Iraqi-born architect, blogger, and political advocate
Raed Melki, Australian rapper of Palestinian descent
Ra'ed Al-Nawateer, Jordanian footballer
Raed Salah, Palestinian politician
Raed al-Saleh, founder and director of the Syria Civil Defense, known as the White Helmets
Raed Zidan, first Palestinian man to Summit Mount Everest, first Palestinian man to complete the Seven Summits
Arabic masculine given names |
4010354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemima%20Yorke%2C%202nd%20Marchioness%20Grey | Jemima Yorke, 2nd Marchioness Grey | Jemima Yorke, 2nd Marchioness Grey and Countess of Hardwicke (; 9 October 1723 – 10 January 1797), was a British peeress.
Life and family
She was a daughter of John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, and his first wife, Lady Amabel Grey. Her maternal grandparents were Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent, and his first wife, the Hon. Jemima Crew.
On 22 May 1740, she married the Hon. Philip Yorke (later 2nd Earl of Hardwicke), and they had two daughters:
Lady Amabel Yorke, 1st Countess de Grey, 5th Baroness Lucas (22 January 1751 –1833), married Alexander Hume-Campbell, Lord Polwarth; no issue.
Lady Mary Jemima Yorke (1757–1830), married Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham, and had issue.
On 5 June that year, she succeeded as Marchioness Grey by a special remainder upon the death of her maternal grandfather, the Duke of Kent, who held the title. As she had no male heirs, the title of Marchioness became extinct upon her own death in 1797 while her eldest daughter, Amabel succeeded to the title of 5th Baroness Lucas. That same daughter was later created Countess de Grey in her own right.
See also
Wrest Park
References
External links
1723 births
1797 deaths
Hereditary women peers
Daughters of Scottish earls
Jemima
Jemima
Hardwicke
Marquesses Grey
Burials at the de Grey Mausoleum (Flitton)
Barons Lucas |
4010356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung%20Fu%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation | Kung Fu: The Next Generation | Kung Fu: The Next Generation is a 1987 television pilot which was intended to be a follow-up to the 1972–75 television series, Kung Fu. It was the second follow-up to the series after Kung Fu: The Movie (1986). It tells the story in present day of the great-grandson of the Shaolin monk (who is also named Kwai Chang Caine after his great-grandfather) played by David Darlow and his son Johnny Caine, portrayed by Brandon Lee. The main supporting cast includes Miguel Ferrer as Mic, Paula Kelly as Lt. Lois S. Poole, and Dominic Barto as Carl Levin.
The pilot was not picked up for a series but in 1987 it aired on CBS Summer Playhouse, a series that aired unsold television pilots. In the 1990s, another follow-up to the series titled Kung Fu: The Legend Continues aired which ignored the continuity of the TV movies.
Plot
In Los Angeles, Kwai Chang Caine (Darlow) leads a quiet and ascetic life in a house without locks, devoted to the “family business” of serving the community and teaching kung fu that he inherited, together with his name, from the lineage started by his great-grandfather.
One night, friends Johnny (Lee) and Mic (Ferrer) are committing a robbery of antiques. Johnny is determined this will be his last time. Mic inadvertently triggers a silent alarm. When they get out, a guard points at them with his gun. Mic flees. At that juncture, Johnny reluctantly uses his martial arts ability to fight the guard and attempts to reach his motorcycle, but Mic does not wait and escapes. The police arrives, and arrest Johnny.
The next day, Lt. Lois Poole (Kelly) calls Caine Sr. to tell him his son Johnny got arrested. At the police station, Caine Sr. wonders how he failed his son, whom he hasn’t seen in over a year. Lt. Poole presents him a proposal: as everyone is aware of his service to the community, Caine Jr. will be released under his custody until trial. Meanwhile, Johnny refuses to snitch on Mic, as the police are looking for the someone who is using young men to commit crimes.
During their walk toward Caine Sr.’s home, the father and the son argue: Johnny refuses to be called Kwai Chang and doesn’t want to have anything to do with the “family business;” while his father accuses him of using the knowledge and training he gave him for evil deeds. That Same night, Mic arrives surreptitiously at Johnny’s room to deliver him his share from the robbery’s earnings, and begs for Johnny’s help in another robbery which he desperately needs to pay his debts, which Johnny refuses.
The following day, Caine Sr. is giving a kung fu class and invites Johnny to do a demonstration. Johnny angrily attacks his father, who defeats him in front of all the students. That night, in an attempt to connect with his son, Caine Sr. takes him on a visit to a ghost town, where their ancestor Kwai Chang Caine (the main character from the original series) lived. They talk about how Kwai Chang arrived there, became the respected “wise man of the town”. When they are leaving, Johnny looks back and sees the ghostly figure of Kwai Chang at his house’s door. However, as soon as they return home, Johnny phones Mic secretly and accepts to participate in the next robbery, except that this time he wants to be a partner instead of just getting a share of the earnings.
The robbery happens to be the decoupling of a train wagon. To his dismay, Johnny finds out that they are stealing guns. The thieves escape unnoticed. When Johnny wakes up the next day, very late, his father announces he will be out for the day, helping someone. Johnny uses the opportunity to reunite with Mic and go to see the crime boss (Barto) for whom they work, to propose to him to become partners. At the warehouse where all stolen goods, the boss suspects Johnny is a traitor. They search him and find out that he carries a tape recorder. The criminals are about to execute Johnny when Caine Sr. appears. A fight ensues, in which the Caines overcome the criminals. Afterward, while the police are taking everybody in custody, Caine Sr. welcomes Johnny in the “family business”, and Lt. Poole announces that the charges against Johnny will be reduced, and maybe dropped.
Cast
David Darlow as Kwai Chang Caine
Brandon Lee as Kwai Chang “Johnny” Caine
Miguel Ferrer as Mic
Paula Kelly as Lt. Lois S. Poole
Dominic Barto as Carl Levin
Reception
Faye Zuckerman of El Paso Times criticized the pilot for its acting and screenplay, noting that "the hour-long show is just plain boring." Meanwhile, David Bianculli of The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that the series "isn't even a near-miss".
References
Further reading
Pilato, Herbie J. The Kung Fu Book of Caine: The Complete Guide to TV's First Mystical Eastern Western. Boston: Charles A. Tuttle, 1993.
External links
Next Generation
Television pilots not picked up as a series
Warner Bros. films
1987 American television episodes
American martial arts films
American television films |
4010363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIO | HIO | HIO may refer to:
Hillsboro Airport, in Washington County, Oregon, United States
Hypoiodous acid, an oxidising agent
Hybrid input-output algorithm, in coherent diffraction imaging
Oslo University College, the largest state university college in Norway
Østfold University College, a further and higher education institution in south-eastern Norway
Tsoa language, spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe |
4010365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20Storage%20Management | Automatic Storage Management | Automatic Storage Management (ASM) is a feature provided by Oracle Corporation within the Oracle Database from release Oracle 10g (revision 1) onwards. ASM aims to simplify the management of database datafiles, control files and log files. To do so, it provides tools to manage file systems and volumes directly inside the database, allowing database administrators (DBAs) to control volumes and disks with familiar SQL statements in standard Oracle environments. Thus DBAs do not need extra skills in specific file systems or volume managers (which usually operate at the level of the operating system).
Features
IO channels can take advantage of data striping and software mirroring
DBAs can automate online redistribution of data, along with the addition and removal of disks/storage
the system maintains redundant copies and provides 3rd-party RAID functionality
Oracle supports third-party multipathing IO technologies (such as failover or load balancing to SAN access)
the need for hot spares diminish
Architecture overview
ASM creates extents out of datafiles, log-files, system files, control files and other database structures. The system then spreads these extents across all disks in a "diskgroup". One can think of a diskgroup in ASM as a Logical Volume Manager volume group — with an ASM file corresponding to a logical volume. In addition to the existing Oracle background processes, ASM introduces two new ones - OSMB and RBAL. OSMB opens and creates disks in a diskgroup. RBAL provides the functionality of moving data between disks in a diskgroup.
Implementation and usage
Automatic Storage Management (ASM) simplifies administration of Oracle-related files by allowing the administrator to reference disk groups (rather than individual disks and files) which ASM manages. ASM extends the Oracle Managed Files (OMF) functionality
that also includes striping and mirroring to provide balanced and secure storage. DBAs can use the ASM functionality in combination with existing raw and cooked file-systems, along with OMF and manually managed files.
An ASM instance controls the ASM functionality. It isn't a full database instance, it provides just the memory structures, and as such is very small and lightweight.
The main components of ASM are disk groups, each of which comprise several physical disks controlled as a single unit. The physical disks are known as ASM disks, while the files that reside on the disks are known as ASM files. The locations and names for the files are controlled by ASM, but user-friendly aliases and directory structures can be defined by the DBA for ease of reference.
The level of redundancy and the granularity of the striping can be controlled using templates. Oracle Corporation provides default templates for each file-type stored by ASM, but additional templates can be defined as needed.
Failure groups are defined within a disk group to support the required level of redundancy. For two-way mirroring, a disk group might contain two failure groups, in which case individual files are written to two locations.
Oracle ASM Dynamic Volume Manager provides the foundation for the ASM Cluster File System (ACFS).
In summary, ASM provides the following functionality:
manages groups of disks, called disk groups
manages disk redundancy within each disk group
provides near-optimal I/O balancing without any manual tuning
enables management of database objects without specifying mount-points or filenames
supports large files
Redundancy
One can configure ASM diskgroups to have no redundancy (external), two-way mirroring (normal), or three-way mirroring (high). In the case of normal and high mirrors, good practice suggests having fail groups that talk to different controllers for performance and fail-safe reasons.
In the case of external redundancy, ASM does not do any software mirroring, but only stripes its files across all the disks that belong to the disk group that does external redundancy.
In the case of normal redundancy, ASM does two-way mirroring, meaning that ASM maintains two copies of the data through software mirroring. When querying for mirror information, DBAs will see two mirrors in this case.
In the case of high redundancy, ASM does three-way mirroring, maintaining three copies of the data through software mirroring. When querying for mirror information, DBAs will see three mirrors in this case.
See also
Logical volume management
References
External links
http://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/pub/PSSGroup/Presentations2007/Inside_Oracle_ASM_LC_CERN_UKOUG07.ppt
ASMCMD: useful for users not familiar with SQL (one can write scripts with it)
Proprietary database management systems
Oracle software |
4010370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Crimson%20discography | King Crimson discography | The discography of King Crimson consists of 13 studio albums, 15 live albums, 13 compilation albums, 3 extended plays, 10 singles, 6 video albums and 9 major box sets.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
King Crimson Collectors' Club
Collectable King Crimson
DGM Live
Additional releases along the lines of the Collector's Club are being made available at DGM Live. This is the new Discipline Global Mobile website including King Crimson/Robert Fripp news, online diaries from Robert Fripp and The Vicar, and ongoing releases available for download in MP3 and FLAC formats.
The releases include extensive King Crimson and Robert Fripp live recordings, in addition to some previously unreleased studio material. Since the launch of the site, some shows have been made available sometimes within days or weeks of the performance. It has been noted that the Collector's Club releases will eventually be made available as downloads on the site as well. As of 1 November 2007 there are 118 releases available at the site.
Notable Selections:
Jazz Club Chesterfield, England, September 07, 1969 (2010)
Fillmore East New York, N.Y., USA, November 21, 1969 (2006)
Armoury – Wilmington, Delaware, Feb. 11, 1972 (2008)
The Barn – Peoria, IL, March 10, 1972 (2011)
Apollo Glasgow, Scotland, October 23, 1973 (2006)
Stanley Theatre Pittsburgh, PA, April 29, 1974 (2009)
Penn State University University Park, Pennsylvania, June 29, 1974 (2007)
Park West Chicago, Illinois, August 07, 2008 (2008)
Compilation albums
Mostly studio recordings, some incorporating live recordings.
Major box sets
Mostly part of the '40th Anniversary Edition' release schedule – but major releases in themselves.
EP albums
Mostly studio recordings, some incorporating live recordings.
Singles
Includes only singles released commercially, in various territories.Music videos were released for Heartbeat and Sleepless.
Notes:
KC50
This series, released across 50 weeks of 2019, aims to document "rare or unusual tracks" from the DGM archive. Each release is accompanied by commentary from David Singleton.
Videos
ProjeKcts
See also
Robert Fripp discography
References
External links
King Crimson Discography at Connolly & Company
King Crimson Discography at Discogs
Discographies of British artists
Discography
Rock music group discographies |
4010380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Skyline | National Skyline | National Skyline is an American alternative rock band formed in late 1996 by Jeff Dimpsey of Hum. Dimpsey originally formed the band in order to perform a 45-minute-long song that he had written. They were initially an indie rock supergroup of sorts, with a rotating cast of prominent Champaign/Chicago area musicians. They did record the 45-minute song/album with Rick Valentin (of The Poster Children) in spring 1997, but it has never been released. The band's name is apparently a reference to Bob Dylan's album Nashville Skyline, though their music betrays no stylistic debt to Dylan.
The group's core members Dimpsey (bass) and Jeff Garber (singer/guitarist/songwriter) released two full-lengths, National Skyline and This = Everything, and the EP Exit Now. They also contributed the song "Eurorak" to the Parasol Records compilation Sweet Sixteen, Volume 2.
Band characteristics/quirks
They are known for utilizing an elaborate light show at all of their concerts. No photo of the band members has appeared in any of their albums or EP. Cover art generally consists of things such as empty buildings and blurred car lights at night; the band's artwork is always done by Ohio Girl Design. Rather than listing individual credits as all bands do, the phrase "Audio: National Skyline" is given in the liner notes of each album/EP. They generally use a drum machine instead of live drumming. The song "Karolina" was released on the self-titled album. A different, greatly extended (12+ minute) version called "Karolina II" came out on Exit Now.
Touring/possible hiatus
James Minor of Blacklist and Compound Red joined as a touring guitarist in 2000, joining the band as an official member before the recording of This = Everything; Dimpsey did not participate in the 2000 - 2001 touring. National Skyline has apparently not performed live since 2001. Nothing was heard from the band for five years, leading to speculation of a breakup. In June 2006, Garber leaked information about a new project on the group's MySpace site, without involvement from Dimpsey, including the new track "Pack Up." He also launched the group's homepage—a surrealist series of cryptic images in a Flash animation, ending with a logo and the words "FAUX EVIL." Faux Evil Twin Theory is said to be the title of their upcoming album.
Before joining National Skyline, Garber was the singer for indie rock band Castor. He was also a guitarist in Year of the Rabbit and the lead singer/guitarist of post-punk influenced band The Joy Circuit. (No relation to the '80s group also named The Joy Circuit.)
On September 2, 2007, the band announced that the project was permanently disbanding and some of the material intended for a full-length album would be released as The Last Day, a digital ep available on MySpace September 3 and iTunes Store and Rhapsody on September 18. Garber has moved on to a solo project called The Black Swan.
On November 28, 2007, Garber posted a new blog on the band's MySpace site, informing visitors that 'The Last Day' was posted on iTunes after much delay and that new material was being written for a to-be-released 2008 full-length record.
Discography
unreleased full-length album (one 45-minute song) (1997)
National Skyline (2000, Hidden Agenda Records/ Parasol Records) (CD)
"Eurorak" on the compilation Sweet Sixteen, Vol. 2 (2000, Parasol Records) (CD)
Exit Now EP (2001, File 13 Records) (CD)
This = Everything (2001, File 13 Records) (CD/LP) ("A Million Circles" full mp3: http://www.file-13.com/mp3/ft36.mp3)
The Last Day EP (2007, independent) (digital)
Bliss & Death (2009, independent) (digital)
The Bloom EP (2009, independent) (digital)
Look in My Eyes (2009, independent) (digital)
The Free EP (2009, independent) (digital)
Broadcasting, Vol. 1 EP (2011, independent) (digital)
Broadcasting, Vol. 2 EP (2011, independent) (digital)
Broadcasting (2011, Hype Music) (digital)
Bursts (5/31/2011, Hype Music) (digital) (http://hypemusic.com/new-music/national-skyline/)
Already Gone EP (12/06/2011, Hype Music) (digital)
Primitive Parade (12/13/2011, Hype Music) (digital)
Love Letters for the Disenchanted (10/28/2014, Adventure Broadcasting) (digital)
References
External links
MySpace site
Unofficial homepage w/ photos, reviews, etc.
May 4, 2000 concert flyer
Indie rock musical groups from Illinois |
4010398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajatambo | Cajatambo | Cajatambo or Kashatampu is the capital of the Cajatambo Province in the Lima Region of Peru.
History
Founded during the Tawantinsuyu (Inca Empire) before the advent of the Spanish conquistadors, with the name of Kasha Tanpu, it was one of the stops along the Inca highway, being part of the imperial region of Chinchay Suyu.
Demography
The population of Cajatambo was estimated in 1896 to be roughly 6,000 people, although roughly 15 years later the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition put the population at closer to 4,500.
In recent decades many people have migrated to places with better opportunities and services, such as the city of Lima.
Spanish is the language which the majority of the population (80.05%) learnt to speak in childhood, followed by Quechua (19.27%). The variety of Quechua spoken in the area is the Cajatambo Quechua (part of the Central Quechua "Wankay"), a Quechua I dialect which shares 74% intelligibility with the neighboring Huamalies Quechua.
Toponymy
The toponym Cajatambo comes from the Quechua words: kasha ("thorn", "cold") and tanpu ("inn").
Geography
Geographically, Cajatambo is located in the Quechua region bordering the Suni region, its climate is dry and moderately cold with the sun's rays being temperate, however the temperature drops considerably at night.
Industries
Near the city there are silver mines, which used to employ a section of the population. In 2002, the Peruvian government declared regions of the mountains upon which Cajatambo is located to be protected, and future mining was prohibited.
Nowadays, Cajatambo's vicinity is agricultural and pastoral. It is known for its cheeses, butter, manjar blanco and chicharrón, which are found at very economic prices.
Tourism
Some tourist attractions near the town include the Astobamba's prairie and its peaks, the Baths of Shucsha, and of course the incredible Waywash range.
Inca trails are still preserved and they are used as bridle paths by the locals.
The fauna of Cajatambo conserves several wild species: andean foxes, vicuñas, vizcachas, andean condors, eagles, falcons, among others. In the same town falcons can be seen.
References
Populated places in the Lima Region |
4010402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst%20State%20Park | Amherst State Park | Amherst State Park is an park in Erie County, New York, United States. The park is located northeast of Buffalo, partially in the Village of Williamsville with the balance located in the Town of Amherst. The park is managed by the Town of Amherst under an agreement with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation.
History
The property that now hosts the park was formerly part of the St. Mary of the Angels Convent, operated by the Sisters of St. Francis at that location since 1923. The convent was put up for sale in 1999.
The property was acquired by the Town of Amherst and New York State in January 2000, after both entities evenly split the $5 million price to purchase the former convent and surrounding area. New York State owns of the property while the Town of Amherst owns the remaining of the park's lands. Under an agreement with the state, the town is responsible for managing the property for the purpose of conservation and to make space available for passive recreation.
The convent's former motherhouse complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It was approved for sale by the town in November 2002, with the intent to allow development of a 102-unit senior housing facility, and is not included in the park. The facility opened in 2004.
The area was formerly called "Williamsville Glen".
Park facilities
Amherst State Park is located adjacent to Ellicott Creek, and features nature trails and biking trails that are open to the general public. Dogs are permitted, however they must be kept on a leash at all times. The main access point is at 400 Mill Street in Williamsville.
See also
List of New York state parks
References
External links
State parks of New York (state)
Parks in Erie County, New York
Protected areas established in 2000
2000 establishments in New York (state) |
4010404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine%20Provinces | Nine Provinces | The term Nine Provinces or Nine Regions (), is used in ancient Chinese histories to refer to territorial divisions or islands during the Xia and Shang dynasties and has now come to symbolically represent China. "Province" is the word used to translate zhou (州) – since before the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), it was the largest Chinese territorial division. Although the current definition of the Nine Provinces can be dated to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, it was not until the Eastern Han dynasty that the Nine Provinces were treated as actual administrative regions.
Different interpretations of the Nine Provinces
The Rongcheng Shi bamboo slips from the Chu state has the earliest interpretation of the Nine Provinces, but these early descriptions differ widely from the currently recognized Nine Provinces. The Nine Provinces, according to the Rongcheng Shi, are Tu (涂), Jia (夾), Zhang (竞), Ju (莒), Ou (藕), Jing (荊), Yang (陽), Xu (敘) and Cuo (虘).
The most prevalent account of the Nine Provinces comes from the Yu Gong or Tribute of Yu section of the Book of Xia (夏書), collected in the Book of Documents. It was therein recorded that Yu the Great divided the world into the nine provinces of Ji (冀), Yan (兗), Qing (青), Xu (徐), Yang (揚), Jing (荊), Yu (豫), Liang (梁) and Yong (雍). The geography section (釋地) of the ancient Erya encyclopedia also cites nine provinces, but with You and Ying (營) listed instead of Qing and Liang. In the "Clan Responsibilities" (職方氏) section of Rituals of Zhou, the provinces include You and Bing but not Xu and Liang. The Lüshi Chunqiu "Initial Survey" (有始覽) section mentions You but not Liang.
Traditionally, the Book of Documents is thought to depict the divisions during the Xia dynasty, the Erya those of the Shang dynasty; the Rituals of Zhou the Zhou dynasty and the Lüshi Chunqiu the concept and actual territorial distribution of the Nine Provinces during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. The Lüshi Chunqiu contains the following passage on the location of the nine provinces and their general correspondence with the states of the time:
The words "Nine Provinces" do not appear in any ancient oracle bone inscriptions, such that many scholars do not think Yu the Great created the Nine Provinces as was traditionally thought. Some suggest the name "Jiuzhou", which came to mean "Nine Provinces", was actually a place, or the divisions were within Shandong.
Later on, Zou Yan, an adherent of the Taoist Yin and Yang School (陰陽家), proposed a new theory of the "Greater Nine Provinces" (大九州). According to him, the nine provinces in the Book of Documents were only "minor" provinces, which combined to form the "Red County / Divine Province" (赤縣神州), i.e. China (cf. Shenzhou). Nine such provinces then form another "medium" nine provinces surrounded by a sea. There are nine such medium provinces, which were surrounded by a Great Ocean, forming the Greater Nine Provinces. The Nine Provinces' names in the "Geographical Instruction" section (地形訓) of Huainanzi, annotations to Zhang Heng's biography (張衡傳注) in Book of the Later Han and volume eight of the Chuxue Annals (初學記), are different from the traditional ones listed above. They all include Shenzhou, which led some scholars to suggest they are the names of the Greater Nine Provinces. According to the "Forms of Earth" (墜形訓) section of the Huainanzi, outside the Greater Nine Provinces are the Eight Yin (八殥), the Eight Hong (八紘) and the Eight Ji (八極). According to the Genealogical Descent of the Emperors (帝王世紀), rulers before Shennong had influence over the Greater Nine Provinces, but those from the Yellow Emperor onwards did not extend their virtue that far. The Greater Nine Provinces theory was based on the knowledge in the states of Yan and Qi on the Yellow Sea coast that China comprised only 1/81 of the entire world, markedly different from the Sinocentric point of view that was prevalent at the time. Geographic knowledge from increasing contact between the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) and its neighbours proved the theory false and it lost popularity.
By the time of the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE) the Nine Provinces had expanded into thirteen provinces together with a central administrative region.
See also
Eighteen Provinces
Four Seas
Huaxia
Nine Tripod Cauldrons
Shan Hai Jing
Tianxia
Twelve Provinces
References
Names of China
Chinese words and phrases
Provinces of Ancient China
Geographic history of China |
4010408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverview%20High%20School | Riverview High School | Riverview High School or River View High School may refer to:
Canada
Riverview High School (New Brunswick), Riverview, New Brunswick
Riverview Rural High School, Coxheath, Nova Scotia
United States
Riverview High School (Arizona), Mesa, Arizona
Riverview High School (Arkansas), Searcy, Arkansas
Riverview High School (Riverview, Florida), Riverview, Florida
Riverview High School (Sarasota, Florida), Sarasota, Florida
Riverview School, East Sandwich, Massachusetts
Riverview Community High School, Riverview, Michigan
River View High School (Ohio), Warsaw, Ohio
Riverview High School (Pennsylvania), Oakmont, Pennsylvania
River View High School (Washington), Kennewick, Washington
River View High School (West Virginia), Bradshaw, West Virginia |
4010422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung%20Fu%3A%20The%20Legend%20Continues | Kung Fu: The Legend Continues | Kung Fu: The Legend Continues is an action/crime drama series and sequel to the original 1972–1975 television series Kung Fu. While the original Kung Fu series was set in the American old west, Kung Fu: The Legend Continues was set in modern times. It starred David Carradine and Chris Potter as a father and son trained in kung fu – Carradine playing a Shaolin monk, Potter a police detective. The series aired in syndication for four seasons from January 27, 1993, to January 1, 1997, and was broadcast in over 70 countries. Filming took place in Toronto, Ontario. Reruns of the show have been aired on TNT.
The show was canceled when its producer, Prime Time Entertainment Network (also known as PTEN), ceased operations and no other producer opted to continue the series.
Plot
Like his grandfather and namesake from the original series, Kwai Chang Caine (David Carradine) is a Shaolin priest who walked out of the past. Caine was the head of a temple in Northern California, where his son Peter (Chris Potter) also lived and studied, until the temple was destroyed in a fire caused by a renegade priest who believed the priests should serve as mercenaries. After the destruction of the temple, each believed the other had perished and went on their separate ways; Caine wandered and traveled, much as his grandfather had, while Peter became a foster child and eventually a police officer. The series begins when Caine comes to fictional Sloanville and ends up in the Chinatown section of town, where Peter's precinct is located, and they are reunited after 15 years.
Main cast
David Carradine as Kwai Chang Caine, Matthew Caine
Chris Potter as Det. Peter Caine
Kim Chan as Lo Si (The Ancient) / Ping Hai
Robert Lansing as Capt. Paul Blaisdell (Season 1 and 2)
Kate Trotter as Capt. Karen Simms (Season 3 and 4)
Scott Wentworth as Det. Kermit Griffin (Season 2–4)
Nathaniel Moreau as Young Peter Caine (in flashbacks, Season 1–3)
Robert Bednarski as Younger Peter Caine (in flashbacks, Season 4)
Belinda Metz as Det. Jody Powell, Det. Kira Blakemore
Richard Anderson as Narrator (uncredited)
Rob Moses as Master Khan
Sandey Grinn as Thomas Jefferson "T.J." Kincaid (Season 3 and 4)
William Dunlop as Chief of Detectives Frank Strenlich
Production
In 1992, the series was sold to television stations as a first-run syndicated series, alongside Time Trax. The series was originally sold as Kung Fu: The Next Generation.
Episodes
Home media
On May 27, 2014, Warner Bros. released the complete first season on DVD in Region 1 in the USA only not Canada, via their Warner Archive Collection. Season 2 was released on August 18, 2015.
The first season was released in Germany on DVD in 2009.
International broadcasters
– Sirasa TV
– RPN Channel 9
– First-run syndication ATV/CTV/ASN/NTV
– PTEN
– RTL Klub
– RCTI
– Polsat, TVN, TVN 7
– ČT1
– PRO 7, Kabel 1
– Televisa
– SBT
References
External links
Kung Fu: The Legend Continues Online FAQ
Kung Fu: The Legend Continues at Episodate.com
1993 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
1993 Canadian television series debuts
1997 Canadian television series endings
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Prime Time Entertainment Network
First-run syndicated television shows in Canada
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Legend Continues
Television shows filmed in Toronto
English-language television shows
Sequel television series
1990s American crime drama television series
1990s Canadian crime drama television series
American action adventure television series
Canadian action adventure television series |
4010425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT-100 | CT-100 | The RCA CT-100 was an early all-electronic consumer color television introduced in April 1954. The color picture tube measured 15 inches diagonally. The viewable picture was just 11½ inches wide. The CT-100 wasn't the world's first color TV, but it was the first to be mass produced, with 4400 having been made. The world's first color TV set was the Westinghouse H840CK15, released in March 1954, but only 500 were made and only around 30 were sold. The RCA sets were made at RCA's plant in Bloomington, Indiana. The sets cost $1000, half the price of a new low-end automobile. By the end of 1954, RCA released an improved color TV with a 21-inch picture tube.
The CT-100 and its Westinghouse counterpart both suffered from color fringing around the edges of objects on the image.
The CT-100, which had 36 vacuum tubes in its CTC-2 chassis (known as "Merrill" to the marketing department) was the most complicated electronic device sold to the general public at the time of its release. After initial sales to early adopters, the rest sold poorly, even after a price cut. Many were donated by RCA for training purposes to trade schools and technical colleges, the source of most of today's survivors. RCA sold the CT-100
at a loss. RCA later recalled the CT-100, replacing many of them with a newer 21-inch model.
Early NBC Living Color programs included An Evening with Fred Astaire.
The CT-100 was created in 1954, before the NBC Peacock logo existed.
RCA CT-100 sets are extremely sought-after by electronics collectors and restorers, with restorers often spending thousands of dollars to obtain or repair a set.
It is believed that RCA only made 4000 CT-100 receivers. Around 150 survive, but only 30 are restored and working. The Early Television Museum in Hilliard, Ohio has a restored and working set on display, as does the SPARK Museum of Electrical Invention in Bellingham, Washington. One reason for the rarity of surviving sets is that the RCA-developed tri-color cathode ray tube (the 15GP22) that was used in the CT-100 was notorious for its glass-to-metal seals breaking down, causing the tube to lose its vacuum. It is extremely rare to find tubes that still work. The 15G was a glass tube, but its high voltage connection is a metal ring between the face of the tube and the glass bell or funnel. This is where the leakage often occurs.
References
Ed Reitan's CT-100 Page
Early Television Museum
RCA brands
Television sets |
4010433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaneda | Kaneda | Kaneda is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Hiroshi Kaneda (born 1953), astronomer
Masaichi Kaneda (1933–2019), baseball player
Sekiryo Kaneda (died 1949), president of Nintendo
Mario Kaneda (born 1976), creator of Girls Bravo
Tomoko Kaneda (born 1973), voice actress, J-pop singer and radio personality
Fictional characters
Captain Kaneda, a character in the film Sunshine
Shotaro Kaneda (Akira), a character in the manga series Akira
Shotaro Kaneda, a character in the manga series Tetsujin 28-go
See also
Canada (disambiguation)
Kanada (disambiguation)
Kanata (disambiguation)
Kannada (disambiguation)
Japanese-language surnames |
4010441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%20Ende%20der%20Sonne | Am Ende der Sonne | Am Ende der Sonne is the second solo album of the German musician Farin Urlaub, released in 2005. The title translates to At Sun's end.
Track listing
All songs written by Farin Urlaub.
"Mehr" (More) – 3:14
"Noch einmal" (Once again) is hidden in the pregap of "Mehr", hearable by rewinding to – 4:42.
"Sonne" (Sun) – 4:40
"Augenblick" (The moment, lit. the blink of an eye) – 3:08
"Porzellan" (Porcelain) – 3:52
"Unter Wasser" (Underwater) – 4:02
"Wie ich den Marilyn-Manson-Ähnlichkeitswettbewerb verlor" (How I lost the Marilyn Manson look-alike contest) – 3:12
"Unsichtbar" (Invisible) – 3:14
"Apocalypse wann anders" (Apocalypse some other day) – 4:02
"Schon wieder" (Done again) – 1:19
"Immer noch" (Still) – 4:38
"Alle dasselbe" (All the same) – 3:28
"Kein Zurück" (No return) – 4:54
"Dermitder" (Hewiththe) – 4:03
"Dusche" (Shower) – 4:12
On the vinyl version "Noch einmal" is a hidden track after "Dusche".
Note: Track 6 is titled "Wie ich den Farin-Urlaub-Ähnlichkeitswettbewerb gewann" (How I won the Farin Urlaub look-alike contest'') in the CD-Text.
Singles
2005: "Dusche"
2005: "Porzellan"
2005: "Sonne"
Personnel
Farin Urlaub (guitar, vocals, bass, drums)
Peter Quintern (saxophone)
R. S. Göhring (sackbut)
Hans-Jörg Fischer (saxophone)
Hardy Appich (trumpet)
Lioudmila (cello in "Dusche")
Ralf Hübner (violin in "Dusche")
Rachel Rep (drums in "Noch einmal")
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2005 albums
Farin Urlaub albums |
4010453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Moleschott | Jacob Moleschott | Jacob Moleschott (9 August 1822 – 20 May 1893) was a Dutch physiologist and writer on dietetics. He is known for his philosophical views in regard to scientific materialism. He was a member of German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (since 1884).
Life
Born in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, Moleschott studied at Heidelberg University, where he obtained his PhD in 1845, and began the practice of medicine in Utrecht in 1845, but soon moved back to Heidelberg University, where he lectured on physiology starting in 1847. The university reprimanded Moleschott for various controversial statements made in his lectures, leading to his resignation in 1854. Next to Carl Vogt and Ludwig Büchner, Moleschott stood in the center of the public debates about materialism in Germany in the 1850s.
He taught as a professor of physiology at Zürich (1856), at Turin (1861), and at Rome (1879), where he died.
Writings
Moleschott explained the origin and condition of animals by the working of physical causes. He was an atheist. His characteristic formulae were "no thought without phosphorus" and "the brain secretes thought as the liver secretes bile." His major works are:
Lehre der Nahrungsmittel. Für das Volk (Erlangen, 1850; 3rd edition, Erlangen, 1858)
Physiologie der Nahrungsmittel (1850; second edition, 1859)
Physiologie des Stoffwechsels in Pflanzen und Thieren (1851)
Der Kreislauf des Lebens (1852; fifth edition, 1887)
Untersuchungen zur Naturlehre des Menschen und der tiere (1856–93), continued after his death by Colosanti and Fubini
Sulla vita umana (1861–67), a collection of essays
Physiologisches Skizzenbuch (1861)
Consigli e conforti nei tempi di colera (1864; third edition, 1884)
Sull' influenza della luce mista e cromatica nell' esalazione di acido carbonico per l'organismo animale (1879), with Fubini
Kleine Schriften (1880–87), collected essays and addresses
Für meine Freunde (1894)
The Jacob Moleschoot fund is kept in the Archiginnasio of Bologna's public library .
Notes
References
Andreas Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998, , 2nd. edition 2002, including a short biography of Moleschott.
Fredrick Gregory: Scientific Materialism in Nineteenth Century Germany, Springer, 1977,
External links
Short biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
The Popular Science Monthly, Volume 49 Sketch of Jacob Moleschott
1822 births
1893 deaths
Dutch academics
Dutch atheists
Dutch physiologists
Materialists
People from 's-Hertogenbosch |
4010462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%20%28Japanese%20band%29 | Hal (Japanese band) | Hal (stylized HΛL, replacing the Latin "A" with the Greek "Λ" or Lambda) is a Japanese pop band formed in 1996. They have worked with several Japanese pop and rock stars and also have won two Japan Record Awards for their musical arrangements for singer Ayumi Hamasaki (with "Free & Easy" in 2002 and "No way to say" in 2003).
Biography
Hal went from music arrangers into a music band and then back to music arrangers, arranging songs for many Japanese artists. Toshiharu Umezaki (sometimes written as Toshiyasu Umezaki) is known as the main member and leader of the band, which had gone through some deformations in their structure.
The sound of Hal is mainly a lively digital beat at the edge where the electric guitars are used a lot, as a special feature and typic in their arrangements.
Hal started out as music arrangers in 1999 and became known especially for the work that they did (and are still doing) with Ayumi Hamasaki. "Appears", "Fly High", "M", "Evolution" and "No Way to Say" are some of their most famous tunes with her. They also have worked with some other artists like Ami Suzuki, the KinKi Kids, Every Little Thing and Dream.
In 2000 the group of men did a casting to choose a female vocalist for forming the musical group Hal, which was an idea of Toshiharu Umesaki and Atsushi Sato's. Finally the singer Halna was chosen to be a part of Hal and they signed a deal with record label Avex Trax. They temporarily stopped their group as arrangers after the work with "Grip!" from Every Little Thing.
After the release of seven singles and two studio albums as Hal, the band got separated in 2003 because Halna decided to leave the group and get away from the spotlight, with the release of their final album, called "Singles", a compilation album with all the singles released by the band, and they started to work again as arrangers with Ayumi Hamasaki and Tackey & Tsubasa. Atsushi Sato also left the band that year to arrange music on his own, under the nickname of ats-. He has recently worked with Ami Suzuki under Avex and Yuta Nakano, who left the band in early 2001 is currently working as remixer and also arranger.
Currently Umezaki and Shimizu keep their name Hal active, arranging songs for Japanese singers and music groups.
Discography
HAL's single "The Starry Sky" was the ending theme for the anime Angelic Layer. The Angelic Layer OST also featured another song by HAL, "Justice" including a few remixes of both. HAL's 6th single, "I'll be the One", is the second opening of Hikaru No Go.
Singles
Decide, October 25, 2000
Save Me, January 11, 2001
Split Up, March 28, 2001
The Starry Sky May 23, 2001
Al Di La, April 17, 2002
I'll Be the One, July 19, 2002
One Love / A Long Journey, August 16, 2002
Albums
Violation of the Rules, August 29, 2001
As Long As You Love Me, August 28, 2002
Singles, February 26, 2003
DVD
Greatest Hal Clips: Chapter One, April 17, 2002
One, August 28, 2002
External links
Hal (Music Group) Official Website at Avex Trax
蜃気楼２ – Hal's Fan Site A comprehensive list of songs composed and arranged by Hal
Avex Group artists
Japanese dance music groups
Japanese pop music groups |
4010481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSin3%20interaction%20domain | MSin3 interaction domain | The mSin3 interaction domain (SID) is an interaction domain which is present on several transcriptional repressor proteins including TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) and Mad. It interacts with the paired amphipathic alpha-helix 2 (PAH2) domain of mSin3, a transcriptional repressor domain that is attached to transcription repressor proteins such as the mSin3A corepressor.
Action of histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) is induced by the interaction of mSin3A with a multi-protein complex containing HDAC1/2. Transcription is also repressed by histone deacetylase-independent means.
External links
A 13-Amino Acid Amphipathic α-Helix Is Required for the Functional Interaction between the Transcriptional Repressor Mad1 and mSin3A
Protein domains |
4010485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donghu%20District | Donghu District | Donghu District () is one of 6 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, China. The district was created in the Tang dynasty when a bridge was built across Nanchang's Taihu lake, dividing the area into the East and West Lake districts. It covers over with a population of 482,000 as of 2019. Among them, the urban resident population is 476,300, and the population urbanization rate is 98.83%. The birth rate was 8.68%, and the natural growth rate was 3.2%. People's Park, the largest public park in downtown Nanchang, is located in Donghu.
Toponymy
The district's name in Chinese literally means "East Lake" which refers to Nanchang's East Lake. Donghu is also referred to in Lei Cizong's Records of Yuzhang, written during the Liu Song dynasty.
History
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan's Commentary on the Water Classic calls the lake Taihu, but it has been called Dong Hu (East Lake) since the Tang and Song Dynasties.
The district contains five gates of the old city of Nanchang, dating to the Qing Dynasty - Zhangjiang Gate, Desheng Gate, Yonghe Gate, Guangrun Gate, and a part of Hue Gate. Three historic streets (Middle Street, West Street, East Street), are all within one jurisdiction which later became Donghu District.
In 1926, after Nanchang was officially a city, it had different districts.
The government divided the jurisdiction of the area into two districts at the beginning of 1949 but did not give them distinct names and merged into one. Then, the first and second districts were restored in August 1951, and in April 1955, they were renamed Donghu District and Shengli District, respectively. In June 1980, the two districts later merged into one Donghu District.
In 2019, Donghu District's two sub-districts and one town (Shajin subdistrict, Weidong subdistrict, Shengmi town) were placed under the jurisdiction of Honggutan District.
Geography
Donghu District is in the northeast of Nanchang, between 28°40'15''-28°47'50'' north latitude and 115°50'39''-115°58'50'' east longitude.
From south to north, it is bounded by Hongdu North Avenue, Fudayoudi, the southern branch of Ganjiang River, Qingshanhu District, and Nanchang County; Donghu is also bounded by Xihu District to the south (which includes Beijing West Road, the south part of Bayi Square, Bayi Avenue, Zhongshan Road, and the Zhongshan Bridge), Xinjian District and Qingshanhu District to the west, and the Xinjian district and Nanchang county to the north.
In the southwest, the landscape of the Donghu District is high, whereas, in the northeast, it is flat. The highest point in Donghu District is 27.2 meters above sea level, while the lowest point is 16.4 meters above sea level.
Climate
The yearly average temperature of the Donghu District is 17.5°C (63.5°F). The monthly mean temperature in January is 5.0°C (41°F), and the mean in July is 29.6°C (85.28°F). The record cold temperature recorded in this area is -9.3°C (15.26°F), recorded in February 1972, and the record hot temperature is 40.6°C (105.08°F), recorded in July 1961.
The annual average sunshine hours are 1903.9 hours, and the annual total radiation is 4819 kcal/cm².
Demographics
2016 - 2019
As of the 2016 to 2019 Donghu District National Economic and Social Development Statistical Report, the census reports that the population dropped from 527,473 to 481,978. At the end of 2019, there were 476,315 urban resident population.
The birth rate also dropped from 9.78‰ including 5,137 newborns in 2016 to 8.68‰ including 4,277 newborns in 2019. From 2016 to 2019, other statistics include a drop in natural growth rate from 4.14‰ to 3.20‰ and a drop in death rate from 5.64‰ to 5.47‰.
2020
As of the 2020 Donghu District National Economic and Social Development Statistical Report, the census reports that the population was 433,377, including 214,620 males and 218757 females.
There were 3,460 newborns with a birth rate of 6.07‰ including 1,792 males and 1,668 females. Other statistic includes a 1.93‰ natural growth rate and a 4.13‰ death rate with a 2,357 death population.
Administrative divisions
Donghu District is divided into 10 subdistricts:
Tourism
Pavilion of Prince Teng, one of the Four Great Towers of China, also one of the
, provincial historical and cultural site protected unit
Bayi Park (Chinese: 八一公园), built around Donghu
Bayi Square, one of the largest city squares in the world
, one of the
People's Park
Shuiguanyin Pavilion (Chinese: 水观音亭)
Acacia Park (Chinese: 相思林公园)
Education
Nanchang University, one of the China's Project 211
Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ranked 43rd in Chinese medical universities on CUCAS
Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics
Nanchang Yuzhang Middle School (Chinese: 南昌市豫章中学)
Nanchang No.28 Middle School (Chinese: 南昌市第二十八中学)
Nanchang Experimental Middle School (Chinese: 南昌市实验中学)
Nanchang Bayi Middle School (Chinese: 南昌市八一中学)
Notable People
, Song Dynasty poet
Wang Fu, Song Dynasty poet and politician
, Ming Dynasty philosopher and educator
, Ming Dynasty educator and scholar
, Ming Dynasty scholar
References
External links
Nanchang Donghu District Government Web (Chinese)
Nanchang
County-level divisions of Jiangxi |
4010491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strzelecki%20Desert | Strzelecki Desert | The Strzelecki Desert is located in the Far North Region of South Australia, South West Queensland and western New South Wales. It is positioned in the northeast of the Lake Eyre Basin, and north of the Flinders Ranges. Two other deserts occupy the Lake Eyre Basin—the Tirari Desert and the Simpson Desert.
Name
It was named after the Polish explorer Paweł Edmund Strzelecki by Charles Sturt. Sturt was the first non-indigenous explorer in the area in late 1845, followed by the ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition in 1861.
Geography
The desert covers 80,250 km2 making it the seventh largest desert in Australia. The Dingo Fence, Birdsville Track, the Strzelecki Track, the Diamantina River, Cooper Creek and the Strzelecki Creek all pass through the Desert. The desert is characterised by extensive dune fields and is home to three wilderness areas.
Much of the desert is preserved within the Strzelecki Regional Reserve in South Australia. Parts of the eastern sections of the desert are protected by the Sturt National Park in New South Wales. A population of the endangered Dusky Hopping Mouse lives in the desert.
Access
The Cobbler Sandhills near Lake Blanche is a section of the Strzelecki Desert where the dunes are replaced by small eroded knolls, mostly with vegetation on the top. This area provided great difficulty for early attempts to cross the desert by car, and the name relates to the sheep which were the most difficult to shear, known as the "cobblers".
See also
Bore Track
Deserts of Australia
Strzelecki (disambiguation)
References
External links
Innamincka.com: Aerial Video of the Strzelecki Desert
Deserts of New South Wales
Deserts of Queensland
Deserts of South Australia
Lake Eyre basin
Far North (South Australia)
South West Queensland
Far West (New South Wales) |
4010519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Carlisi | Samuel Carlisi | Samuel A. Carlisi also known as "Black Sam" and "Sam Wings" (December 15, 1914 – January 2, 1997), was an American gangster who was the boss of the Chicago Outfit criminal organization Between 1989 – 1996. Sam Carlisi's brother Roy was a caporegime in the Buffalo crime family, otherwise known as the Magaddino crime family. Roy was close to legendary Buffalo Mafia boss Stefano Magaddino, which gave Sam direct access to various east coast crime families that were aligned with the Buffalo Mafia such as those based in Rochester and Utica, New York and in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Sam was known to use these connections to further his gambling and bookmaking interests, to fence stolen goods and possibly for narcotics operations he was overseeing or involved in. He was a cousin of mobster Al Tornabene.
Carlisi started his criminal career with the Outfit as a driver for mobster Joseph Aiuppa when he was boss of the Cicero, Illinois crew. He is the uncle to Chicago Outfit mobsters Dominick DiMaggio and Nicholas DiMaggio.
When Aiuppa was convicted in 1986 for the skimming of the Las Vegas casinos, Carlisi served as his replacement and as a front man. Carlisi earned his nickname "Wings" because he often flew around the country as a mob courier during the 1970s. When Ferriola became the boss of the Outfit, Carlisi served as his underboss. This followed the murders of Michael and Tony Spilotro, in which Carlisi had supposedly been involved.
After Ferriola was diagnosed with cancer, he assigned the day-to-day supervision of the Outfit to Carlisi. After Ferriola died, Carlisi became the new boss. In March 1996, Carlisi was convicted of mob racketeering, loansharking, and arson in connection with an illegal gambling business in the Chicago area and the West suburbs and was sentenced to 13 years in prison. Convicted with Carlisi were his chauffeur James "Little Jimmy" Marcello, Anthony Zizzo, Anthony Chiaramonti. On January 2, 1997, Carlisi died with fluid in his lungs as he was being force rushed/dragged out of a prison unit to a waiting golf cart. This caused heart attack while in prison.
References
External links
The Mob & Friends - Sam "Black Sam"/"Wings" Carlisi Profile
1914 births
1997 deaths
Chicago Outfit bosses
American gangsters of Italian descent
People convicted of racketeering
American people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention |
4010532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Richard%20Robinson%20High%20School | Thomas Richard Robinson High School | Thomas R. Robinson High School (known as Robinson High School) is a public magnet high school in Tampa, Florida. It is one of the four high schools in the county that has the rigorous International Bachelor diploma program. The school was established in 1959 and is named after Thomas R. Robinson, an educator in Hillsborough County who began teaching in 1917. Robinson High School is the smallest high school and in Hillsborough County. The official mascot of Robinson is the Fighting Knight.
Athletics
Robinson High School offers many sports including football, flag-football, baseball, basketball, volleyball, tennis, golf, cross country, soccer, lacrosse, and track. Robinson Knights were State Runner-up in football in 1963. The flag-football team have been 5-time State Champions since 2014. The school's rival is Plant High School.
International Baccalaureate Programme
The school is the third Hillsborough County high school to have an International Baccalaureate Programme, with the other IB schools being C. Leon King High School, Strawberry Crest High School, and Hillsborough High School (Tampa, Florida). The program was established in the 2006–2007 school year and offers a Pre-IB curriculum for grades 9 and 10, and an IB Diploma Programme for grades 11 and 12. Robinson received the status of a full-fledged IB diploma school for the 2008–2009 school year. The first class of IB students graduated in 2010.
Only 150 spots are open every year for Robinson High's IB program. Robinson High School also had the highest number of National Merit semi finalists in Hillsborough County in 2015.
Notable alumni
Delbert Alvarado - NFL player
Javier Arenas - NFL player
Charlie Bradley - basketball player
Janet Cruz - Florida State Senator
Greg Ellingson - NFL player
Mike Graham - professional wrestler
Bruce Hector - NFL player
Hulk Hogan - professional wrestler and actor
Austin Idol - professional wrestler
Steve Keirn - professional wrestler
Joep Lange - HIV/AIDS researcher
Byron Pringle - NFL Player
John Reaves - NFL player
Dirty Dick Slater - professional wrestler
Larry Smith - NFL player
Matt Vogler - football player
Frankie Williams - NFL player
References
External links
Robinson High School (HCPS) School website.
T.R. Robinson High School Alumni Association Official RHS Alumni Association website.
High schools in Tampa, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
1959 establishments in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1959 |
4010533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphium%20nomius | Graphium nomius | Graphium nomius, the spot swordtail, is a butterfly found in South and Southeast Asia that belongs to the swallowtail family. The species was first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1793. One of the grandest sights is a host of spot swordtails mud-puddling or swarming around a flowering forest tree.
The spot swordtail gets its name from the line of distinct white spots along the margin of its wings.
Range
It is known from southern and eastern India (including Sikkim and Assam), Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea.
Description
It differs from Graphium antiphates chiefly in the greater width of the black markings on the upperside, especially of the basal and subbasal bands that cross the forewing, both of which also extend to the dorsum. On the hindwing the black markings of the underside on the basal and discal areas are not only seen by transparency from below, but are actually represented, though only partially, by black scaling; the width of the dark grey terminal portion is also greater, and it has a tendency to turn to dusky black anteriorly, so that the sub-terminal series of black lunules are obscured anteriorly and are difficult to make out. Underside: markings similar to those of the typical form, but broader; forewing with the discal transverse band that reaches from costa to vein 1; hindwing: the black bands that cross the cell broader and proportionately closer together.
It has a 94–100 mm expanse.
Males and females. Upperside bluish-white. Forewing: cell with five broad transverse black bands, the basal and subbasal bands produced to the dorsum, the medial band generally extended into interspace 2, the preapical ended on the median rein, and the fifth or apical from costa along the discocellulars extends on both sides of these and terminates at lower apex of cell; beyond the fifth band is a short macular transverse bar of the ground colour that terminates on vein 5, followed by a very broad black terminal band that occupies about one-third of the width of the wing and is traversed by a transverse subterminal series of rounded spots of the ground colour. Hindwing: ground colour along dorsum and above vein 7 whitish; a streak along the dorsum, a subbasal and an inner discal transverse band from costa across cell, and a very broad terminal band, black; the former two joined near the tornus by cross lunular black marks, the terminal band traversed by a series of slender lunules of the ground colour; a small black spot in interspace 1 above tornus and another at base of interspace 4; the black at the apices of interspaces 2 to 4 and the lunules of the ground colour thereon suffused with grey; tail black, edged and tipped with white.
Underside white, the black markings very similar but of a bronze brown with the following exceptions: Forewing: extensions below the median vein of the basal, subbasal, and median transverse bands crossing the cell, and the inner portion below vein 4 of the terminal broad band, black: on the hindwing the inner discal band is broken, irregular and black, and is bordered by a series of red spots outwardly edged with black; the subterminal series of lunules of the ground colour are broadly edged on the outer side with black; the grey patch in the caudal region is replaced by ochraceous grey. Antennae black; head, thorax and abdomen creamy white, with a medial broad longitudinal stripe; beneath, the abdomen with lateral black stripes.
It has a wingspan of 68–95 mm.
Status
This butterfly is fairly common and tends to be local. It is not known to be threatened.
Habitat
Generally found in deciduous forest areas, among bushes with lesser secondary growth. Locally abundant below and less common above this level. Generally stays close to hilly and forested country.
Habits
It is shy and wary. It flies close to the ground and has a dodgy and fast flight, especially when disturbed.
They often visit flowers. Spot swordtails may be seen to cluster around flowering trees. They are fond of Gmelina arborea, a deciduous tree from dry areas. Large numbers can be seen settling on damp roads and wet patches, especially in hot summers. It basks close to the ground, with wings partially open or completely spread.
It is a known migrant in Sri Lanka.
Life cycle
Individuals are active from February to June. They are most abundant in March–April. It has been recorded in western India from July onwards for a few months. In the Nilgiris it has been recorded from February to October.
Eggs
Eggs are spherical, yellowish and slightly shiny. They are laid singly on the upper surface or at the margin on the underside of young leaves or buds.
Larva
The larva is black with a green underside. It has white transverse stripes. The anterior and posterior segments are yellowish. It has a pair of spines on each thoracic and anal segments. Glossy green osmeterium. It is a sluggish caterpillar which feeds mainly in the evening and at night.
"Not so thick proportionally at the fourth segment as those of agamemnon, sarpedon and doson, and is somewhat quadrangular. It has four pairs of spines which are small but sharp. The most usual colour......is black, banded on the sides with narrow white stripes, except on the first three or four segments and the last., on which there is more or less rusty red ; but the shade varies very much, and in some the groundcolour is green." (Davidson and Aitken)
Pupa
Has the usual horn which characterizes this group, and also two short processes on the head, and is of some shade of earthy brown. It is attached by the tail and a close band and is not on the food plant but in crevices or under stones or roots.
Food plants
The larval host plants are Miliusa tomentosum, Miliusa velutina and Polyalthia longifolia of the family Annonaceae. Miliusa tomentosum is a deciduous tree. The pupae of the previous year's brood emerge, seek mates and lay eggs just as the tree puts out new growth.
See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)
References
General reading
nomius
Pathysa
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of Indochina
Butterflies described in 1793 |
4010534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby%20Races | Baby Races | Baby Races is an American game show that aired on the Family Channel from September 12, 1993 to March 6, 1994. After the last episode aired, the show went into reruns until August 27, 1994. It was hosted by Fred Travalena, and the announcer was Gene Wood. The executive producer was Robert Sherman. It was also filmed at the Disney-MGM Studios at Walt Disney World in Florida (now Disney's Hollywood Studios).
Gameplay
The contestants on the show were young children who came with their parents to play in a series of events. Two teams play on each show.
Events
Some of the events were:
Sandbox Golf - the children play miniature golf. They try to put a golf ball into a hole using miniature golf clubs.
Cow Catcher - the children ride on their parents' back and try to round up some toy cows and place them in a corral.
Paint by Numbers - the children throw number shaped sponges dipped in paint at their parents.
Sit On It - The parents make sandcastle towers using buckets, and the children demolish the towers by, as the name suggests, sitting on them.
Spill the Beans - the children carry plates of beans on their heads and dump the beans in a bowl held by one of their parents. At the end of the round, the bowl is placed on a scale to determine the score, with the result always rounded up to the next whole number.
Wacky Woodpecker - the children, wearing a cone-shaped paper "beak," used the beak to pick additional beaks out of two on-stage "trees."
Worm Toss - the children toss worms one at a time across a mat (representing water) into oversized pants worn by their parents.
Anteater Antics - the children tried to pick up magnetic ants using a magnetic beak.
Thermometer Ball - the parents picked up their children, lifting them up and down so that the children could "slam dunk" small basketballs into a large tube.
Games were played in a 45 second time limit (with the exception that the first game, the only one where the children competed directly, sometimes lasted for 30 seconds), and each item in each game was worth one point (occasionally two), with each kid's last game being played for two points an item.
The toy store
At the end of the game, each child received a certificate showing his or her total score, and selected a prize from a "toy store" in front of a video wall. Participating adults also received prizes.
Critical reception
Evan Levine of the Houston Chronicle called the show "mostly silly". Writing for the Chicago Tribune, criticized Travalena's hosting style as "lame" but thought that some of the stunts were "relatively creative".
References
External links
Baby Races on IMDb
American children's game shows
1990s American children's game shows
1993 American television series debuts
1994 American television series endings
The Family Channel (American TV network, founded 1990) original programming
English-language television shows
Television series about children |
4010538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paika | Paika | Paika is a small town from Palai on the Pala-Ponkunnam road of Muvattupuzha - Punalur SH:08, in Kottayam district, Kerala, India. It is part of Meenachil Taluka, known as one of the most fertile agricultural regions of Travancore. The town is well connected to the plantation towns of Kanjirapally, Erattupetta and Ponkunnam. The majority of residents are Syrian Malabar Nasrani Catholic Christians continuing their traditions from the times of Saint Thomas, an apostle of Jesus Christ. This region is part of the mid-lands (adjacent to the high ranges) of south-eastern Kerala. The main income is from agriculture, mostly rubber plantations.
Demographics
Many Syrian Catholic families of Kerala have origins around Meenachil that includes places like Pala, Paika, Edamattom, Bharananganam, Kuruvinal, Poovarany, Vilakkumadom, Thidanadu, Pinnakkanadu, Chettuthodu, Chengalam. The region is also credited to be the earliest place to experience agrarian expansion, initiated by a few Nasrani families of the region, as early as the 1840s. This trend of expansion later spread to other places in and around Meenachil and Kanjirapally Taluks. These expansions brought about major changes in the social and economic scene of Central Travancore.
Economy
Most of the Syrian Catholic families here are rubber estate owners. The Sabarimala Pilgrimage route passes through Paika. The 'Jubilee feast' of the shrine of Our Lady (St. Mary's shrine Paika is conducted during the second week of December. It attracts thousands of believers every year to this hamlet. Miles of colourful decorations along the pathways and processions led by traditional orchestra during the feast provide cynosure to the eyes. Bible Tableau and Two Wheeler Fancy Dress competitions are conducted in association with Jubilee Thirunal. Cultural programmes led by major troupes and play back singers in association with Jubilee celebrations also attract thousands of people.
Inner Paika also has large tracts of rubber plantations owned by private families. The main income and prosperity of Paika is from the rubber plantations.
History and Etymology
The elders are of the opinion that the former name of Paika was Kottachery (kotta=basket; chery=place where people gather), and it was a thriving market in the past. The name Paika originated from "poika" meaning a small river, which runs on the side of Paika.JOHNSON P P from ponkunnam is the main attraction of the ceremony.
References
Villages in Kottayam district |
4010561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior%20Professional%20Baseball%20Association | Senior Professional Baseball Association | The Senior Professional Baseball Association, referred to commonly as the Senior League, was a winter baseball league based in Florida for players age 35 and over, with a minimum age of 32 for catchers. The league began play in 1989 and had eight teams in two divisions and a 72-game schedule. Pitchers Rollie Fingers, Ferguson Jenkins (both future Hall of Famers), and Vida Blue, outfielder Dave Kingman, and managers Earl Weaver and Dick Williams were the league's marquee names; and former big league outfielder Curt Flood was the circuit's first Commissioner. At age 54, Ed Rakow was the league's oldest player.
First season
Throughout the inaugural season, most clubs struggled with poor attendance, with an average attendance of less than 1,000 per game. On the field, the West Palm Beach Tropics ran away with the league's South Division, finishing 15 games ahead of the second place Fort Myers Sun Sox. In the North, the St. Petersburg Pelicans finished in first, and the Bradenton Explorers were second, narrowly holding off the Orlando Juice.
Infielder Ron Washington of West Palm Beach was the league's offensive star, hitting .359 with a league leading 73 RBIs and winning the MVP award. Washington's teammate Mickey Rivers hit .366, and Gold Coast Sun Bert Campaneris, the oldest everyday player in the league at 47, stole 16 bases. Bradenton's Jim Morrison hit .290 with 55 RBIs and led the league with 17 homers. Tim Ireland of Fort Myers hit a league best .374, and his teammate Kim Allen paced the circuit with 33 stolen bases. Willie Aikens hit 12 home runs and had 58 RBIs. West Palm Beach pitcher Juan Eichelberger went 11–5 with a 2.90 ERA, and St. Petersburg's Milt Wilcox went 12–3. Jon Matlack, Tim Stoddard, and Pete Falcone each won 10 games. Bradenton's Rick Lysander saved 11 games, and Winter Haven's Bill Campbell notched 5 saves to go along with a 2.12 ERA. Joaquín Andújar of Gold Coast had 5 wins and an ERA of 1.31.
In the first weekend of February 1990, the league's top four teams participated in a three-game, single elimination tournament with a rather unusual format. On February 2, the league's second place clubs faced off. The Explorers defeated the Sun Sox for a chance to face the St. Petersburg Pelicans. The next day, the Pelicans beat the Explorers 9–2 to advance to the league championship game against the West Palm Beach Tropics. On February 4, 1990, the Pelicans, powered by Lamar Johnson's home run and 3 RBIs, beat the Tropics 12–4 for the league's first championship.
The 1989-90 player statistics for all teams were published in the Sporting News on February 12, 1990, pages 30–31 "Assessing the Boys of Winter".
1989/1990 Teams
Northern Division
St. Petersburg Pelicans (42–30, 1st Place)
Bradenton Explorers (38–34, 2nd Place)
Orlando Juice (37–35, 3rd Place)
Winter Haven Super Sox (29–43, 4th Place)
Southern Division
West Palm Beach Tropics (52–20, 1st Place)
Fort Myers Sun Sox (37–35, 2nd Place)
Gold Coast Suns (32–39, 3rd Place)
St. Lucie Legends (20–51, 4th Place)
Second season
For its second season, four of the league's eight teams (Gold Coast, Orlando, St. Lucie, and Winter Haven) folded; the West Palm Beach Tropics became a traveling team known as the Florida Tropics, and the Explorers moved from Bradenton to Daytona Beach, becoming the Daytona Beach Explorers. The circuit then added clubs in Arizona, the Sun City Rays, as well as in California, the San Bernardino Pride. In addition, the league dropped the minimum age to 34 and shortened the season to 56 games. Less than halfway through its second season, the SPBA folded on December 26, 1990.
1990/1991 Standings
St. Petersburg Pelicans (15–8)
Sun City Rays (13–9)
San Bernardino Pride (13–12)
Daytona Beach Explorers (11–12)
Fort Myers Sun Sox (11–14)
Florida Tropics (7–15)
Ron Washington, Joaquín Andújar, Paul Mirabella, Danny Boone, and Ozzie Virgil Jr. signed Major League Baseball contracts after playing in the Senior League; Mirabella, Boone, and Virgil all played in the Majors after their appearances in the SPBA.
References
Baseball leagues in Florida
Defunct independent baseball leagues in the United States
Sports leagues established in 1989
Sports leagues disestablished in 1990
1989 establishments in Florida
1990 disestablishments in Florida
Defunct professional sports leagues in the United States |
4010566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine%20foam | Melamine foam | Melamine foam is a foam-like material consisting of a melamine-formaldehyde condensate. The foam is manufactured by several manufacturers worldwide, most notably by BASF of Germany under the name Basotect and VIXUM made by Dongsung chemical in South Korea. It has been used for over 20 years as insulation for pipes and ductwork, and has a long history as a soundproofing material for studios, sound stages, auditoriums, and the like. The low smoke and flame properties of melamine foam prevent it from being a fire hazard.
Melamine foam is the active component of a number of abrasive cleaner sponges. It is also used as the main sound and thermal insulation material for bullet trains, due to its high sound absorption, excellent thermal insulation performance and light weight.
As a cleaner
In the early 21st century, it was discovered that melamine foam is an effective abrasive cleaner. The open-cell foam is microporous and its polymeric substance is very hard, so that when used for cleaning it works like extremely fine sandpaper, getting into tiny grooves and pits in the object being cleaned. On a larger scale, the material feels soft because the reticulated foam bubbles interconnect. Its structure is a 3D network of very hard strands, when compared to the array of separate bubbles in a material such as styrofoam.
Rubbing with a slightly moistened foam may remove otherwise "uncleanable" external markings from surfaces. For example, melamine foam can remove crayon, marker pen, and grease from painted walls and wood finishings, plastic-adhering paints from treated wooden tables, and adhesive residue and grime from hubcaps. If the surface being cleaned is not sufficiently hard, it may be finely scratched by the melamine material. The foam wears away, rather like a pencil eraser, leaving behind a slight residue which can be rinsed off.
See also
Melamine resin
References
External links
BASF Story about Mr. Clean Magic Eraser
Basotect
VIXUM
Re: spot cleaning walls in gallery
Dangerous Chemicals in Mr. Clean Magic Eraser Snopes.com article debunking rumour about supposed dangerous chemicals in Magic Eraser
Cleaning tools
BASF
Insulators
Artificial materials
Abrasives |
4010585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa%20Bay%20Technical%20High%20School | Tampa Bay Technical High School | Tampa Bay Technical High School (TBT) is a public comprehensive magnet high school for grades 9–12 in Florida, United States. It was established in 1969 as Tampa Bay Vocational Technical School. The school mascot is the Titan.
Students apply for one of three programs: Tampa Bay Technical High School Programs, Academy of Architecture & Environmental Design, or Academy of Health Professions. The school campus resembles a community college campus with laboratory facilities for technology programs. Transportation is provided by the Hillsborough County Public Schools through a bus transfer system.
Demographics
Tampa Bay Tech HS is 49% Black, 26% Hispanic, 1 White, 5% Asian, 5% multiracial, and 2% other
Academics
In 2015–2016 Tampa Bay Technical High School had a graduation rate of 95%, and 75% of students were enrolled in Advanced Placement courses, with 41% passing. Dual enrollment courses are available through Hillsborough Community College.
The school offers the following programs:
Technology programs
Auto Body Repair
Automotive Repair
Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Architecture
Business Education
Business Health Administration Academy
Commercial Art Academy
Computer Systems Technology
Culinary Arts
Diesel Technology
Early Childhood Education
Journalism
Welding
Industrial Electricity
ROTC
Academy of Health
The Health program teaches Cardiology, Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy, Veterinary Assistant, Medical Laboratory, Vision Specialist, Dental Aid, and Radiology and EMS Training.
Academy of Architecture
The Academy of Architecture has classes in two separate rooms, each a fully functioning lab. The students learn fundamental skills about the architecture field and practice computer-aided design as well as manual drafting. Students enter contests throughout the year, including a local drafting and design competition at the Strawberry Festival, national drafting and design competitions with SkillsUSA, and the West Point Bridge Design Contest.
Club involvement
Clubs are plentiful in the school and some nationwide clubs include chapters at Tampa Bay Tech. Clubs are divided into Career, Service, Interest and Honors Clubs.
Career clubs
HOSA (Health Occupations Students of America)
National FFA Organization (formerly known as Future Farmers of America)
FBLA (Future Business Leaders of America)
FSPA (The Florida Scholastic Press Association)
FCCLA
CAA (Commercial Arts Academy)
Notable people
Paul Ray Smith - Iraq war hero and Medal of Honor recipient
Ted Washington - retired National Football League player
Brian Blair - professional wrestler and local politician.
Kevin Hobbs - former NFL player
Maritza Correia - swimmer, silver medalist in the 2004 Olympic Games
Michelle Phan - makeup artist
Deon Cain - NFL wide receiver and member of 2016 Clemson Tigers football team championship team
Kevin Jermaine "Kay-Jay" Harris - Drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 10th round of the 1997 MLB June Amateur Draft. Played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers followed by a short stint in the NFL with the Miami Dolphins, St. Louis Rams, and New York Giants.
Maurice Crum Jr.- Notre Dame Linebacker (2004-2008) and Defensive Coordinator for Western Kentucky University
References
External links
School website
Educational institutions established in 1969
High schools in Tampa, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
Charter schools in Florida
1969 establishments in Florida |
4010596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selene%20%28Underworld%29 | Selene (Underworld) | Selene is a character and the main protagonist of the Underworld film franchise, in which she is portrayed by Kate Beckinsale. The character is introduced in the first film, Underworld, as an elite vampire assassin known as a "Death Dealer" who relentlessly hunts down the Lycans for allegedly murdering her family. She becomes attracted to a human named Michael Corvin and, upon discovering that her sire and adoptive father Viktor was actually responsible for the death of her family, defects from the vampire clan.
Creation
Selene was created by Kevin Grevioux, Len Wiseman, and Danny McBride. According to Grevioux, Selene is based on the X-Men villain of the same name appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. Selene was introduced in the first film of the series, Underworld.
Character
Flashbacks to her childhood have shown Selene to have been a normal, happy, vibrant child, born in the late 14th century. The youngest of two daughters of a master mason and smith, Selene and her sister Cecilia were shown to love painting pictures, and playing games like 'Silly Goose'. At the age of nineteen, the untimely and gruesome deaths of her entire family completely broke her heart, as she had loved them all dearly, and left her an orphan. The deaths of her six-year-old nieces hit her especially hard. Deceived by their murderer, Viktor, into believing that a pack of Lycans were the ones responsible, (which, given the states she found their bodies in, wasn't a hard lie for her to believe), Selene dedicated herself to avenging their deaths.
As a Death Dealer (the Vampires' fighting elite), Selene committed herself to the duty of exterminating the Lycans as a species, a duty she saw as 'sacred' one, burying herself into her work. She would also isolate herself, never socializing with anyone outside of the Death Dealers, as the majority of the Vampire Coven are more concerned whiling away their immortal lives in hedonistic pursuits instead of concerning themselves with the serious business of the war against the Lycans.
She would also serve as one of Viktor's most loyal and most powerful Death Dealers, having been vampirically-sired by him personally. While she would look up to Viktor as a surrogate father figure (and he sees her as a surrogate daughter), she would still continue to feel the pain of her grief and loss of her real family's deaths for the centuries to come.
According to Kate Beckinsale in The Making of Underworld, by the point in time of the events of the first movie, Selene had been a soldier of the Vampire Clan for so long, it had gotten to the point where "[Selene's] almost forgotten she's a woman, she's absolutely focused on revenge and killing, and she's really good at it. Then, she meets Michael, she starts to get a... kind of memory of what it's like to be human, and to be with humans. She's not completely human, but she is actually 'human' somewhere underneath there."
According to the novelizations of the events of the movies, prior to crossing paths with Michael, Selene had never been in love before, although she wasn't still a virgin; neither love nor lust had lured Selene into 'carnal encounters' with other vampires, but rather curiosity, (having been turned while still a virgin) and loneliness. Such encounters had been few, infrequent, and without consequence, all of them temporary indulgences quickly put behind her.
Personality
Selene is headstrong and stubborn, even to a fault, not willing to back down when she knows something is wrong or leave any stone unturned when she is investigating Lycan activity. This can continue even to the point of endangering herself, such as when she passed out from blood loss at the wheel of her car after Michael warned her against driving in her condition. Selene is described as being "steely-eyed", and having great "emotional independence" from the rest of the Coven, as well being of "extreme intelligence" and of "sharp intuition". In her Underworld official bio, it is stated that she "trusts almost no-one", and that she has a "passion for truth, albeit laced with vengeance", which "traps her in a reluctantly violent and tragic purpose".
After centuries of militaristic discipline, having served as a Death Dealer of the vampire clan, Selene had long since developed a near-impervious, stoic external demeanor. Selene is not known for a sense of humor and is actually one of the most honest vampires in the franchise. She is also something of an idealist, believing in certain ideals as justice. Although a vampire for six centuries, Selene only really willingly interacted with other Death Dealers and has never fit in with her own kind (most of whom are too absorbed in their own pursuits of self-gratification) unlike them, Selene has never forgotten why she became a vampire and that they are at war with the Lycans, which leads her to consider them layabouts and dead weight, so she cares little for what they all think of her.
In the first installment, Kraven, who fancies himself as her suitor, complains that she pays far too much attention to hunting and killing Lycans, and that she takes "this warrior business far too seriously". Selene, meanwhile, regards Kraven as "a pig, a coward and an insufferable egotist" who is too wrapped up in himself to even pick up on the fact that Selene simply doesn't want anything to do with him, let alone be his arm-trophy at the coven's social events. She dodges his social gatherings, she outright rejects his romantic advances at every turn, in public and in private and she prefers to dedicate her every waking hour into her calling as a Death Dealer.
For the most part, Selene comes across as "icy" and "unemotional" to those who don't really bother to get close to her, like most of the coven. After years of being a disciplined soldier, Selene is well into the habit of keeping her emotions in check, and keeps her cool in the heat of battle and the face of danger. This same rigorous mentality has made it difficult sometimes to open up to others, especially Michael, early in the story. By her own admission, she's "not good with feelings". In the first novelization, she is described as being "much more comfortable discussing interrogation techniques" than "divulging the seamier underside of the vampiric lifestyle". In Underworld: Awakening, her own daughter easily misinterprets her behavior for being "as cold as one already dead", before Selene explains that her heart isn't cold, but it is broken (as Michael is missing at the time) Selene is also in the habit of downplaying any pain or wounds she has received - a habit of hers that Michael has since become familiar with.
Cracks in Selene's emotional armor start to show themselves when she and then-human Michael Corvin meet for the first time at a subway, moments before a shootout, at the beginning of the first film. Other vampires, like Kraven and Erika, quickly catch on to Selene's feelings towards Michael before even she herself does. The two experience a mutual "dynamic attraction" at first sight and things start to escalate between the two of them, even after she learns that Michael has been bitten by a lycan while she was trying to protect him from them. Because of his innocence, Selene defends Michael from both vampire and lycan, knowing full well Viktor would kill her for doing so.
Selene also becomes noticeably more violent when those she loves suffer or die. When her family was murdered, she went on a revenge spree against the lycans (whom she had been led to believe were responsible by Viktor) that lasted over six centuries, until the truth was revealed to her. When she learns of Viktor's hand in her family's murder and sees him about to kill Michael, she slices through his head with his own sword the first shot she gets, without hesitation. Furthermore, when she believes Michael dead by Markus' hand she goes on a suicide mission to eliminate Markus and William, before Michael's hybrid abilities revive him; Selene doesn't care if she dies, just as long as she can take Markus and William down with her. When Markus brings up her family, after impaling her with one of his wing talons, saying how it was a "mistake" for Viktor to have "(kept Selene) as a pet. He should have killed you with the rest of your family" (in the novelization, Markus also calls them "insignificant"); in a fit of rage, Selene snaps the wing talon off at a joint, using it to stab him through the head before pushing him into the spinning rotors of a helicopter. In Underworld: Awakening, when her daughter is taken by the lycans at the Antigen facility, Selene stages an attack on the building, luring the lycan security personnel into a trap by taking the elevator up the building and setting silver gas explosives at every floor, to get back her daughter.
Biography
Backstory
As revealed in the first & second films, Selene was born to a Hungarian family; her father, mother, her older sister (Cecilia), and her baby twin nieces. Selene is estimated to have been born around the year 1383.
At some point, Selene's father was approached by a powerful warlord named Viktor with a commission to design and build a prison. According to the novelizations, Selene's father was well known as both a stone mason and blacksmith; and the commission had involved the excavation of a new dungeon and prison under a fortress of Viktor's, as well as striking two unique keys for one cell in particular. Selene was around 6-7-years-old when work on the prison completed.
Seven years later, at around the age of 13 to 14 years, Selene became an aunt to her older sister's twin daughters.
During the winter of Lucian's escape, about 6-years-later, Viktor feared that Lucian may know of William, the progenitor of all werewolves, (given that Lucian, whether he knew it or not, was now holding one of the keys to William's prison): To Keep the Location of William's prison a secret, Viktor personally killed everyone involved in the construction of the prison and anyone who may have visited or seen the fortress. One night, Viktor prowled into the farm of Selene's family, killed, and fed upon them one-by-one. When he came across Selene, however, he found that he 'could not bear the thought of draining [her] dry', (as described by Kraven) '[Selene], who reminded him so much of his precious Sonja'.
That night Viktor turned Selene into a vampire — according to the Underworld: Evolution novelization, Selene was 19 years old when Viktor turned her — and led her to believe that the culprits of the murder of her family were Lycans and that Viktor had saved her from them. He claimed to have been tracking The Lycans when they led him to her family's farm. With the strength of a vampire, Viktor told Selene, she could avenge them all. Selene was the only survivor to have walked through the corridors of the fortress. Viktor did not kill her because of her resemblance to his deceased daughter and his belief that she would have been much too young to remember where exactly the fortress' location was.
Selene would go on to become a Death Dealer, fighting against the Lycans for vengeance on the atrocities she believed they had committed against her family. For the centuries that followed, (the better part of a thousand years,) she would serve under Viktor with blind loyalty, remaining in the dark about her family's murder by none other than Viktor himself.
On Viktor's orders, Selene would exile Andreas Tanis, the Coven's official historian. At some point, she would also become the unwilling object of the romantic interests of Kraven, the Coven's regent.
Underworld
After a confrontation with the Lycan hitman Raze, she discovered what was supposedly a Lycan lair. She was angry when Kraven dismissed her claims, not knowing that Kraven was in league with the Lycan leader Lucian in a bid to take over the control of the vampire realm from the Elders.
She tracked down Michael Corvin, in whom she believed the Lycans had an interest. Against the sacred laws of The Vampire Covenant, she and Michael, who was infected with the lycanthropy virus, fell in love.
She awakened Viktor from his deep slumber (torpor), believing that only he had the power to deal with the conspiracy between Kraven and Lucian. She then lead a mass assault on the Lycans' underground bunker.
After Michael was shot with silver nitrate by Kraven, Selene was forced to infect Michael with her vampire strain in order to save his life, thus making him the first hybrid, a Lycan dominant hybrid. She also learned the truth about the identity of her family's killer from Kraven; she struck Viktor down while the Elder was preoccupied fighting Michael. She then retrieved Sonja's pendant, carrying-on her legacy.
Underworld: Evolution
In Underworld: Evolution, after Viktor's death, Selene and Michael went on the run from both Lycans and Vampires. They were confronted by Markus, the last surviving Vampire Elder. He was now a Vampire-Dominant Hybrid, due to his ingesting the blood of Lycan scientist Singe, which had seeped into his chamber. As Markus attacks her, Michael intervenes and battles him to protect her.
After narrowly escaping Markus and the sunlight, Selene and Michael take refuge in a warehouse and begin a sexual relationship. Selene also finds that she has seen the pendant that Markus was trying to get, when she was a child. In order to find out why Markus was after the pendant, she sought out Andreas Tanis. Tanis told her the truth about her family's slaughter, (they were killed after Lucian began his revolution to keep William from being freed,) and revealed to her that, contrary to popular belief, Markus, not Viktor, is the original vampire.
He then set up a meeting for her and Michael with Alexander Corvinus, Markus's father and the first true immortal. Selene was angered at Alexander for not removing the threat his sons, Markus and William, posed long ago. Alexander retorted by asking her if she would murder her own son. An interruption by Markus, in which Michael is seemingly killed, also results in Selene's memories of the fortress to be revealed to Markus through her blood. Alexander, dying from his son's attack, told Selene that the only way to defeat Markus and William would be to drink his legendary immortal blood, adding that she would become "The Future". Selene gained greater strength and new powers from Alexander's blood.
She and a squad of Alexander's Cleaners (who, like Michael, are Alexander's descendants through his third son) invaded William's dungeon, trying to stop the threat. They arrived too late, however, and Selene was forced to fight Markus. Markus was shocked at the smell of his father's blood coursing through Selene's veins. Locking Markus in William's dungeon, Selene discovered that William had infected all surviving members of the six Cleaners escorting her, all of which have become Lycans themselves.
Markus killed the last remaining Cleaners who were operating a helicopter which provided close air support/suppressing-fire. When it crashed, the rotors continued to spin dangerously close to those in the fray.
Selene fought Markus once more, and the Elder drove his wing talon through Selene's chest. Selene, empowered by Alexander's ancient and pure blood, tore away the talon and drove it upwards through Markus's skull before throwing him into the moving rotor blades and killing him. After Selene defeats Markus and Michael defeats William, sunlight lands on Selene's arm, revealing that Alexander's blood has purged the vampiric weakness to sunlight.
Underworld: Rise of the Lycans
Selene briefly appears at the end of Underworld: Rise of the Lycans, which was also the opening scene of the first Underworld, with the audio from the scene where Kraven tells Selene that it was Viktor who murdered her family, rather than the Lycans, and that Viktor spared her because she reminded him of the daughter he condemned to death; Selene replies to Kraven, "Lies".
Underworld: Awakening
In Underworld: Awakening, Selene escapes imprisonment to find herself in a world where humans have discovered the existence of both Vampire and Lycan clans, and are conducting an all-out war to eradicate both immortal species. However, Selene and her two new allies; David (a young vampire) and Detective Sebastian (who lost his wife after being discovered as a vampire), discover a hidden conspiracy from rogue members of the Lycan clan within the humans' war against both species, and also finds that she has mothered a child with Michael, Eve, who was born during Selene's suspended animation.
Despite their never having met or become acquainted with one another since Eve's birth, Selene ultimately bonds with her daughter. Selene battles to rescue Eve and Michael, facing a 'Super Lycan', with abilities similar to her own including incredible healing rate and an immunity to silver. Eventually Selene kills the Super Lycan, and rescues Eve, who kills the Lycan doctor in charge, but when they go to rescue Michael (whom Selene had found and weakened the cryogenic tank of earlier), they find that he has already escaped and are unable to locate him, but Selene knows he will be hunted like Eve was.
Earlier in the film David offers her the opportunity to return to the vampire coven, in hopes she will consent to train a new generation of Death Dealers in response to both the human and Lycan threats, as many of their numbers are either in hiding from their enemies or dead.
Underworld: Blood Wars
Following the events of Awakening, Selene sends Eve away for her own safety with not even Selene knowing where she is. Selene keeps a lock of Eve's hair in remembrance and is hunted by the Lycans for Eve's location and the Vampires as a traitor for killing the Vampire Elder Viktor.
In response to the threat posed by new Lycan leader Marius, the Vampire Council agrees to grant Selene clemency in exchange for Selene training their Death Dealers to fight this new threat. David eventually convinces Selene to take the offer, but she is betrayed by Council member Semira and her lover Death Dealer Varga as Semira desires revenge for Viktor's death and mostly covets Selene's power for herself. With the help of David and Thomas, Selene escapes, but not before at least a litre of her blood is drained and Thomas killed.
Following Thomas' last wishes, David and Selene travel to the Nordic Coven where David is revealed to be the son of the Vampire Elder Amelia and her rightful heir. Selene meets Nordic warrior, Lena, who shows her the Nordic Coven's cocooning process, a process that enables them to access the "special place" between worlds and enhance their abilities. Shortly afterwards, Marius and his Lycans attack the Coven and Selene is defeated. Marius learns from Selene's blood memories that she truly does not know where Eve is and remembering that Lena told her the cocooning process starts with the Vampire submerging themselves in water, Selene submerges herself in a frozen lake. She is later retrieved by David and Lena and cocooned properly.
During the Lycan attack on the Eastern Coven, Selene returns with her powers enhanced by the cocooning, wearing the coat of a member of the Nordic Coven and with her hair having turned partially white. Selene leads the Nordic Vampires to the aid of the Eastern Coven and battles Marius, learning from his blood memories that he murdered her lover Michael and is using his blood to temporarily increase his own abilities (believing that Eve's blood will make this permanent). Selene uses her new speed to get behind Marius and rip out his spine, killing him. David is then able to use Marius' head to get the remaining Lycans to retreat.
Following the battle, Selene helps to treat the injured Vampires wounds and is elected one of the new Vampire Elders, alongside David and Lena, making Selene one of the three new leaders of the entire Vampire race. In a flash forward, it is revealed that Selene was reunited with Eve while at the Nordic Coven.
Skills and vampiric attributes
Selene is proficient with many weapons, medieval and modern. She is well versed with both projectile and melee weapons. Modern firearms that she uses include the Walther P99 and a variety of fully automatic machine pistols. Selene is also an expert in unarmed combat. In Blood Wars, Selene's combat skills are stated to be "second to none." In all three films, she is seen jumping from a ledge of at least one hundred feet and landing without injury.
As a vampire, Selene frequently demonstrates superior physical abilities. After absorbing the Corvinus strain directly from Alexander Corvinus, Selene's powers were greatly upgraded. Following her use of the Nordic Coven's sacred ritual, Selene's already incredible powers were greatly enhanced. Selene is stated to be "the Purest Vampire" due to having Alexander Corvinus' blood and is one of the most powerful, if not the most powerful Vampire at the time of Blood Wars.
Superhuman agility: Selene is able to perform athletic moves, such as doing a back-flip into a hole in a bridge, and leaping from tree to tree in an instant. In Awakening, she is able to do a spinning headscissors to a Lycan, and is seen jumping over two cars with one hand. Selene's agility has proven to help her in battle against the Lycans, allowing her to take on multiple Lycans at once. She has shown the ability of cling in the walls like an insect.
Superhuman healing: She can heal rapidly from most wounds in just minutes, including sunlight burns and a shotgun blast to the abdomen. However, injuries that result in massive loss of blood in a short time can be fatal and she must ingest fresh blood in order to properly heal. After becoming a Vampire-Corvinus Strain Hybrid, her healing powers were increased to the point where she could withstand Marcus's wing talon being impaled through her chest without suffering any visible effects and survive after being shot in the head and other parts of her body. She is also seen to be able to force bullets out of her body.
Superhuman strength: Being a vampire, later a vampire-human hybrid, Selene is even much stronger than humans and most other supernatural creatures. She grabs Michael by the throat and holds him against a wall several feet off the ground, performs spectacular leaps, and strikes her enemies with tremendous force. She is able to kill younger vampires with just a few blows and manhandles four police officers with ease. She is shown to be able to engage lycans in close-quarter combat without being harmed, even before becoming infected with the corvinus strain. After her infection, she is shown to be able to ram her arm through a lycan in battle and has also gone toe-to-toe in physical fight against Marcus, despite his status as the first vampire and a hybrid. In the stunts featurette on the Underworld DVD/Blu-ray, the stunt coordinators mention how they have to make it look like Selene had the "strength of ten men". In Underworld: Awakening, she uses the greatest extent of her strength seen to date when she flips a van, which has momentum equal to 180 tons. In Underworld: Blood Wars, thanks to the Nordic Coven's enhancement, Selene is able to rip the spine out of a transformed lycan hybrid with her bare hands.
Superhuman speed: She moves with incredible celerity, able to move between streets and run across hallways appearing as nothing more than a blurred image. In Underworld: Evolution, Selene was quick enough to sprint by and incapacitate a group of police officers without them being able to keep up with her movements. In Underworld: Awakening, she is shown speeding through two lines of armed guards while slitting their throats with a scalpel in the process, and then disappearing in an instant. She also demonstrates speed akin to teleportation when she breaks into a scientist's apartment and moves right next to him in an instant. In Underworld: Blood Wars, after her powers are enhanced by the Nordic Coven, Selene's speed grows to the point that she can move about as a blur that no one is capable of following.
Superhuman senses: Being a vampire she has increased senses like hearing, sight, smell, etc.
Superhuman durability: She is seen jumping from a ledge at least 100 feet (12 floors) high and landing without injury. She can leap to high places with ease, seen when jumping over large fences. She can take a shotgun blast to the abdomen without flinching. She is able to perform amazing feats of strength without fatigue and can withstand the crushing depths of the ocean without a wetsuit or breathing apparatus.
Blood sorting: In Underworld: Awakening, Selene demonstrates the ability to absorb and read another Immortal's blood memories (similar to that of what the Elders did) by drinking the blood of her daughter, Eve. In Underworld: Blood Wars, she is able to use this ability to read the memories of David, the lycan Marius and herself by drinking her own blood.
Immunity to UV light: Due to her nature as a vampire-human hybrid, Selene possesses a pure Immortal's immunity to UV light. At the end of Underworld: Evolution, her eyes are shown to be able to turn almost a pure white and she is now able to walk in the sunlight. Selene is shown using this ability to ambush the lycans in daylight during Underworld: Awakening and to escape with David in Underworld: Blood Wars. When talking with Detective Sebastian, Selene calls her UV immunity a gift from Alexander Corvinus.
Sensory synchronization: Selene and her daughter can perceive each other psychically when in relative close proximity to each other.
Resurrection: Selene has displayed the ability to resurrect deceased vampires as vampire-human hybrids like herself by applying her blood directly to their hearts as she did when she resurrected David in Underworld: Awakening. This is an ability unique to her as shown by other vampires amazement over her ability to resurrect David in Underworld: Awakening.
Increased speed: In Underworld: Blood Wars, is later revealed Selene had beenresurrected by the Nordic Coven after undergoing the ritual of passing to the sacred world, and had received new powers, including enhanced speed.
In other media
Selene appears in the video game Underworld: The Eternal War. Selene is the third-person shooter throughout the missions.
Production background
In 2003's Underworld, Kate Beckinsale became known as an actor and stated that it was markedly different from her previous work and Beckinsale has said she was grateful for the change of pace after appearing in "a bunch of period stuff and then a bunch of romantic comedies." "It was quite a challenge for me to play an action heroine and pull off all that training when [in real life] I can't catch a ball if it's coming my way." The film received mostly negative reviews but was a surprise box office hit and has gained a cult following.
In September 2003, shortly after the release of Underworld, production companies Screen Gems and Lakeshore planned to release a prequel as the third film following Underworlds sequel, Underworld: Evolution. Kate Beckinsale, who portrayed Selene in Underworld, expressed interest in reprising her role for the sequel and the prequel.
In 2006, Beckinsale reprised her role as Selene in the successful vampire sequel Underworld: Evolution, directed by her husband. It was the first time she had "been involved with a movie from the moment it's a germ of an idea right through the whole editing process." Her daughter had a small role as the younger Selene, and took direction well: "I didn't think she would take either of us that seriously. We both envisaged a situation where it would be kind of like trying to get her into a snow suit. She suddenly became highly professional ... She said, “Could you call me Selene?” I certainly don't insist on being called Selene, so she didn't get that from me."
In a June 2006 interview, When asked if Kate Beckinsale would reprise her role as Selene in the prequel, Wiseman said, "It will be in the time period before, but it will overlap into the creation of her as well. We're in the process of seeing how far we go with that."
In the actual film, Selene appears briefly at the end. Beckinsale did not film new footage, a scene from Underworld was used to bookend the film. Beckinsale also provided a monologue for the beginning of the film.
Beckinsale returned to the role of Selene for the fourth installment of the vampire franchise Underworld: Awakening. She "wasn't intending to do another one" but was convinced by the quality of the script: "You really want to see stakes that mean something in these kind of movies. Otherwise, it really is just lots of explosions and people running around in tight clothes."
Publication history
Selene appears in the non-canon novel Underworld: Blood Enemy, written by Greg Cox. Selene is responsible for the death of renegade Lycan Leyba, tracking her down after Leyba's forces attack a Lycan weapons deal and are responsible for the deaths of both the Lycans and another member of Selene's team. During the confrontation with Leyba, Leyba briefly reflects that Selene's eyes are like 'hers' (Sonja's), but Selene never learns the meaning of this comment before she kills Leyba. Leyba's goals remain a mystery to Selene.
Selene also appears in the IDW Publishing Underworld series. She is portrayed as having the same characterization as seen in the film. She also appears in the sequel novelization series for Underworld: Evolution. The only novelization series of Underworld she hasn't appeared in is the novelization for Underworld: Rise of the Lycans.
Reception
Though the first film received generally negative reviews from critics, several elements were praised by audiences and a number of reviewers, including the "icy English composure" in Kate Beckinsale's performance as Selene.
A few scenes of Underworld: Evolution were shown in a panel at Comic-Con in San Diego, in July 2005; however, these scenes did not contain any plot spoilers of the new script, with attendees only being informed about the new hybrids by production designer Patrick Tatopoulos. The previewing was well-received as hundreds of fans waited hours to see a clip of the film as well as Kate Beckinsale and the other stars of the movie.
In a review for Underworld: Awakening, a top critic from Variety said "Once again, Beckinsale brings an impressive physicality and subzero cool to her portrayal of Selene".
Merchandise
Due to the impact of the films, action figures for Selene were created, all designed by Mezco. Their size is 5 inches in scale. They all come with display base and accessories.
See also
Women warriors in literature and culture
List of women warriors in folklore
References
Film characters introduced in 2003
Underworld (film series)
Fictional vampires
Fictional female assassins
Fictional cryonically preserved characters
Fictional characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Fictional characters with death or rebirth abilities
Fictional characters with superhuman strength
Fictional characters with accelerated healing
Fictional characters with immortality
Fictional characters with superhuman senses
Fictional knife-fighters
Fictional swordfighters
Fictional women soldiers and warriors
Fictional Hungarian people
Sony Pictures characters
Female characters in film |
4010603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Boulevard%20%28Los%20Angeles%29 | Washington Boulevard (Los Angeles) | Washington Boulevard is an east-west arterial road in Los Angeles County, California spanning a total of 27.4 miles (44 km). Its western terminus is the Pacific Ocean just west of Pacific Avenue and straddling the border of the Venice Beach and Marina Peninsula neighborhoods of Los Angeles. The Boulevard extends eastbound to the city of Whittier, at Whittier Boulevard. It is south of Venice Boulevard for most of its length. At Wade Street, Washington Place is formed adjacent and parallel and lasts until just east of Sepulveda Boulevard, where it merges back into Washington Boulevard. Washington merges into Culver Boulevard briefly, but forms back into its own street at Canfield Avenue.
Washington Boulevard, which is four lanes, primarily passes through locations in the mid-southern portion of Los Angeles County. The communities to the west include affluent areas such as Marina del Rey and Ladera Heights. Further east it passes between Crestview and Culver City and through Mid City, Arlington Heights, Pico Union, City of Commerce, Montebello, Pico Rivera, Los Nietos and Whittier.
History
The thoroughfare was known as Washington Street until around 1903.
In 1905, it boasted the headquarters of the local horse driving club, for a mile west of Western Avenue. "The road is not of the best," reported the Los Angeles Times, "and automobiles are usurping it . . . but it is the nearest approach to a speedway the reinsmen have, and they therefore make the most of it." Mayor Owen McAleer "has set aside that stretch of the highway to those drivers who delight in vying with each other off the racetrack, and policemen have been given to understand that some latitude is to be allowed horsemen there."
Transportation
Washington Boulevard provides bus service between Venice Beach and West LA Transit Center by Culver City Transit line 1, between West LA Transit Center and Downtown by Metro Local line 35, and east of Downtown by Montebello Transit line 50. A portion of the Metro A Line runs along Washington Boulevard (serving the Grand/LATTC, San Pedro and Washington stations), from Flower Street to Long Beach Avenue, while the Metro E Line serves a rail station near the intersection with National Boulevard.
Notable landmarks
Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery
LA Trade Tech College is located at Grand Avenue near the Blue Line station of the same name.
The RPM International building (Ray Charles Enterprises) is located on the corner of Westmorland Blvd. and Washington Blvd., which is also dedicated as the "Ray Charles Square".
The Ray Charles Post Office at La Brea Avenue.
Government center named after David S. Cunningham, Jr., City Council member, 1973–87
West Adams Preparatory High School is located on Vermont Avenue and Washington Blvd.
References
External links
Streets in Los Angeles
Streets in Los Angeles County, California
Boulevards in the United States
Culver City, California
Downtown Los Angeles
Marina del Rey, California
Mid-City, Los Angeles
Montebello, California
Pico Rivera, California
Pico-Union, Los Angeles
Venice, Los Angeles
Whittier, California
West Los Angeles
Westside (Los Angeles County) |
4010607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livealbum%20of%20Death | Livealbum of Death | Livealbum of Death is the first live album by Farin Urlaub, incorporating his live-band Farin Urlaub Racing Team (FURT). At the same time it's the third album of Urlaub. It was released on 3 February 2006 as a CD- and a vinyl-edition, the latter consisting of six 7" discs. Each of the twelve sides of the vinyl-edition was named after one FURT-Member. The CD-edition utilized a new technology that enabled it to contain more than 85 minutes of music.
It contains recordings of live shows at Leipzig (30 May), Dresden (1 June), Berlin (2 June), Hamburg (20 and 21 June) and Bremen (22 June).
The single "Zehn" (Ten) was released on 13 January 2006. This song is only performed live and was therefore never released on any studio albums. The video for the song was already aired on 14 December 2005.
The title
The title "Livealbum of Death" was invented by a fan during the FURT-Tour Sonnenblumen (Sunflowers) of Death, referring to the title of that tour and posted by him on the fan page dieaerzte.at. Urlaub and his Management were amazed by the suggestion and asked for allowance to use it. Then fan granted them to use it and in exchange was mentioned in the booklet of the album.
Track listing
"Mehr" (More)
"Augenblick" (The moment, lit: the blink of an eye)
"Am Strand" (On the beach)
"Wie ich den Marilyn-Manson-Ähnlichkeitswettbewerb verlor" (How I lost the Marilyn Manson look-alike contest)
"Glücklich" (Happy)
"Petze" (Squealer)
"Noch einmal" (Once more)
"Dermitder" (That guy there with the Girl, lit: Him with Her)
"Wunderbar" (Wonderful)
"Phänomenal egal" (Phenomenally indifferent)
"Sonne" (Sun)
"Apocalypse wann anders" (Apocalypse some other day)
"Lieber Staat" (Dear state)
"Porzellan" (Porcelain)
"Zehn" (Ten)
"Der ziemlich okaye Popsong" (The fairly okay pop song)
"OK"/"Kein Zurück" (OK/No return)
"Unter Wasser" (Underwater)
"Immer noch" (Still)
"Dusche" (Shower)
"Wo ist das Problem?" (Where is the problem?)
"Abschiedslied" (Farewell song)
Tracks 3, 5, 9, 10, 13, 22 & "OK" from Endlich Urlaub!
Tracks 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18-20 & "Kein zurück" from Am Ende der Sonne
Track 21 from the single "Glücklich"
Track 6 from the single "OK"
Singles
2006: "Zehn"
Personnel
Farin Urlaub (guitar, vocals)
Nesrin Sirinoglu (guitar)
Cindia Knoke (bass)
Rachel Rep (drums)
Simone Richter, Celina Bostic, Vanessa Mason (Percussion, vocals)
Annette Steinkamp (Keyboard, Percussion, vocals)
Hans-Jörg Fischer, Peter Quintern (saxophone)
R. "Hardy" Appich (trumpet)
R. S. Göhring (trombone)
Farin Urlaub albums
2006 live albums |
4010624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke%20Signals%20%28MDC%20album%29 | Smoke Signals (MDC album) | Smoke Signals is an album by the hardcore punk band MDC. The original vinyl release appeared on the band's own Radical Records label in 1986. It was finally reissued on CD in 2001 on the We Bite label and distributed by Plastic Head. The album finds the band moving in musical directions outside of hardcore, with some tracks featuring hints of classic and progressive rock sounds, but it is still largely a punk rock album featuring the band's typically tight, fast musicianship. Lyrics focus on sociopolitical themes typical of punk rock at the time, including sentiments critical of the government and of South African apartheid. One of the band's more humorous songs, "Country Squawk" espouses a pro-vegetarian view over fast, twangy country-western musical backing.
Track listing
Side One
"No More Cops"
"King of Thrash"
"Drink to Forget"
"The Big Picture"
"Skateboards from Hell"
"Tofutti"
"South Africa Is Free"
Side Two
"Acceptable Risks"
"Missile Destroyed Civilization"
"Soup Kitchen Celebrity"
"Country Squawk"
"Paradise Lost"
"Smoke Signals"
Personnel
Dave Dictor - lead vocals
Gordon Fraser - guitar
Franco Mares - bass guitar
Al Schvitz - drums
with help from:
Joe (CFA) Rock - bass on "No More Cops", "King of Thrash", "The Big Picture" and "Skateboards From Hell"
Ex Con Ron [Ron Posner] - guitar on "Acceptable Risks", "No More Cops", "King of Thrash", "The Big Picture" and "Skateboards From Hell"
Dave Dick - acoustic guitar on "Country Squawk"
Tom Albino - guitar on "Missile Destroyed Civilization"
Notes
"Tofutti" is a tribute to non-dairy ice cream brand Tofutti written by Dave Dictor, a strict vegetarian, sung to the tune of "Tooti Fruity" by Little Richard.
"Country Squawk" is a new recording of "Chicken Squawk" from the band's Millions of Dead Children 7" EP.
The title track was the band's first recorded and released instrumental.
The song "Big Picture" is a cover of a Subhumans song.
1986 albums
MDC (band) albums |
4010625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyanthus | Polyanthus | Polyanthus may refer to:
HMS Polyanthus (K47), a warship
A locomotive of the GWR 4100 Class
Cultivars of the hybrid species Primula × polyantha
A horse in the 1836 Grand Liverpool Steeplechase
See also
Polyanthos (disambiguation) |
4010632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Archdiocese%20of%20Oklahoma%20City | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City | The Archdiocese of Oklahoma City () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the South Central region of the United States. Its ecclesiastical territory includes 46 counties in western Oklahoma, with its cathedral in Oklahoma City. The Most Reverend Paul Stagg Coakley is the current archbishop. As such, he is the metropolitan of the ecclesiastical province which includes the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City, the Diocese of Tulsa and the Diocese of Little Rock. Previously the bishop of the Diocese of Salina in Kansas, Archbishop Coakley was appointed to Oklahoma City on December 16, 2010 and installed as archbishop on February 11, 2011.
History
The diocese had its roots through French Benedictine monks who entered Indian Territory (the territory of the present state of Oklahoma), then under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Little Rock in 1875, establishing a Catholic presence.
On 14 May 1876, Pope Pius IX erected the Apostolic Prefecture of Indian Territory, taking Indian Territory from the Diocese of Little Rock.
On 29 May 1891, Pope Leo XIII elevated this apostolic prefecture to the Apostolic Vicariate of Indian Territory.
On 23 August 1905, Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Oklahoma, suppressing the apostolic vicariate., appointing Belgian Theophile Meerschaert as its first bishop and designating St. Joseph's Church in downtown Oklahoma City as its cathedral
On 14 November 1930, Pope Pius XI changed the title of the diocese to Diocese of Oklahoma City-Tulsa, establishing a second see. This reflected population trends in Oklahoma.
In 1931, the Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help was designated as the new cathedral for the diocese.
In 1949, the archdiocese established the National Shrine of the Infant Jesus of Prague at St. Wenceslaus Parish in Prague, Oklahoma.
On December 13, 1972, Pope Paul VI erected the Diocese of Tulsa, taking the territory of eastern Oklahoma from the Diocese of Oklahoma City-Tulsa. He simultaneously elevated the existing diocese to a metropolitan archdiocese, changed its title to Archdiocese of Oklahoma City, and assigned the Diocese of Little Rock and the new Diocese of Tulsa as its suffragans. This action established both the present territory of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City and the present configuration of the Metropolitan Province of Oklahoma City.
On September 23, 2017, Father Stanley Francis Rother (March 27, 1935 – July 28, 1981), a priest of the Archdiocese, was beatified during a Mass at the Cox Convention Center in Oklahoma City. He had been murdered while working in Guatemala in 1981. Pope Francis had declared him a martyr, saying he had been killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith).
Bishops
Apostolic Prefects of Indian Territory
Isidore Robot, OSB (1876–1887)
Ignatius Jean, OSB (1887–1890)
Apostolic Vicar of Indian Territory
Theophile Meerschaert (1891–1905), appointed Bishop of Oklahoma
Bishops of Oklahoma
Theophile Meerschaert (1905–1924)
Francis Kelley (1924–1930), title changed with title of diocese
Bishops of Oklahoma City-Tulsa
Francis Kelley (1930–1948)
Eugene J. McGuinness (1948–1957; coadjutor bishop 1944-1948)
Victor Reed (1958–1971)
John R. Quinn (1971–1972), elevated to archbishop and title changed with title of diocese
Archbishops of Oklahoma City
John R. Quinn (1972–1977), appointed Archbishop of San Francisco
Charles Salatka (1977–1992)
Eusebius J. Beltran (1993–2010)
Paul Stagg Coakley (2011–present)
Other priests of this diocese who became bishops
Stephen Aloysius Leven, appointed auxiliary bishop of San Antonio in 1955
Charles Albert Buswell, appointed Bishop of Pueblo in 1959
John Joseph Sullivan, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 1972
Anthony Basil Taylor, appointed Bishop of Little Rock in 2008
Edward Joseph Weisenburger, appointed Bishop of Salina in 2012
Newspaper
The official news and information publication of the diocese is the Sooner Catholic.
High schools
Bishop McGuinness High School, Oklahoma City
Cristo Rey Catholic High School, Oklahoma City
Mount St. Mary High School, Oklahoma City
Universities
St. Gregory's University, Shawnee [now closed]
Summer camps
Our Lady of Guadalupe Summer Camp, in between Luther and Wellston
Ecclesiastical province
See: List of the Catholic bishops of the United States
See also
Catholic Church by country
Catholic Church in the United States
Ecclesiastical Province of Oklahoma City
Global organisation of the Catholic Church
List of Roman Catholic archdioceses (by country and continent)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical) (including archdioceses)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view) (including archdioceses)
List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States
Sources
External links
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City Official Site
Sooner Catholic Online website
St. Gregory's University official website
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Oklahoma City
Archdiocese of Oklahoma City
Education in Oklahoma City
Culture of Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City
1905 establishments in Oklahoma Territory |
4010633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Petersburg%20Pelicans | St. Petersburg Pelicans | The St. Petersburg Pelicans were one of the eight original franchises that began playing in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1989. The team was managed by Bobby Tolan, while Dick Bosman, Ozzie Virgil, Sr. and Tom Zimmer served as coaches. They played their home games at Al Lang Stadium in Downtown St. Petersburg, Florida.
The Pelicans went 42-30 in the regular season and won the Northern Division title. Steve Henderson hit .352 for the club, and Lenny Randle batted .349. Milt Wilcox went 12-3, and Jon Matlack added 10 wins. Led by Lamar Johnson's home run and three RBI, the Pelicans went on to beat the West Palm Beach Tropics 12-4 to win the league's championship game.
The team returned for a second season but ceased operation when the league folded in December 1990.
Notable players
Alan Bannister
Len Barker
Butch Benton
Todd Cruz
Iván de Jesús
Taylor Duncan
Dock Ellis
Sergio Ferrer
George Foster
Luis Gómez
Glenn Gulliver
Al Holland
Steve Henderson
Roy Howell
Lamar Johnson
Steve Kemp
Pete LaCock
Ken Landreaux
Tito Landrum
Bill Lee
Ron LeFlore
Randy Lerch
Dwight Lowry
Jerry Martin
Jon Matlack
Bake McBride
Joe Pittman
Dave Rajsich
Gary Rajsich
Lenny Randle
Jerry Reed
Jim Rice
Dave Rozema
Joe Sambito
Elías Sosa
Sammy Stewart
Ozzie Virgil, Jr.
Chris Welsh
Milt Wilcox
Mike Williams
Pat Zachry
Source:
Notes
The original St. Petersburg Pelicans were a team that played in the 1940s and 1950s in the Florida State Negro Baseball League
. They played its home games at Campbell Park in St. Petersburg.
On June 21, 2008 the Tampa Bay Rays wore St. Petersburg Pelicans jerseys to honor the team in a game against the Houston Astros.
Sources
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
Sports in St. Petersburg, Florida
1989 establishments in Florida
1990 disestablishments in Florida
Baseball teams established in 1989
Baseball teams disestablished in 1990 |
4010634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coranderrk | Coranderrk | Coranderrk was an Aboriginal reserve run by the Victorian government between 1863 and 1924, located around north-east of Melbourne. The residents were mainly of the Woiwurrung, Bunurong and Taungurong peoples, and the first inhabitants chose the site of the reserve.
It ran successfully for many years as an Aboriginal enterprise, selling wheat, hops and crafts on the burgeoning Melbourne market, but in the 1870s and 1880s further controls were put on Aboriginal Victorians' lives, culminating in the passing of the Aborigines Protection Act 1886, which required "half-castes under the age of 35" to leave the reserve, among other requirements and restrictions. A group of Coranderrk residents sent a petition to the Victorian colonial government in 1886 to protest the controls that were applied to their lives by the government, that became known as the Coranderrk Petition.
The reserve was formally closed in 1924, with most residents removed to Lake Tyers Mission.
Early days
The reserve was created by the Victorian government in 1863, approximately located north-east of Melbourne. In accordance with government policy, land was provided by the government for Aboriginal people dispossessed of their traditional lands by the arrival of European settlers to the colony of Victoria since the 1830s.
In February 1859, a group of Taungurung men, led by Wurundjeri elders, Simon Wonga (aged 35) and brother Tommy Munnering (aged 24), acting as interpreters, petitioned the Protector of Aborigines, William Thomas, to secure land for the Kulin on the Acheron River at the foot of Mount Cathedral. Initial representations to the Victorian Government were positive, however the intervention of the most powerful squatter in Victoria, Hugh Glass, resulted in their removal to a colder site, Mohican Station, which had been abandoned as unsuitable for agriculture.
In 1860, the Kulin representatives met two young allies: a Scottish Presbyterian lay preacher called John Green (1830–1903), and his wife Mary Smith Benton Green (1835–1919), who established a school for the local children. In 1861, John Green accepted the position of General Inspector of the new Central Board Appointed to Watch Over the Interests of the Aborigines. After a fruitless attempt to establish a settlement for the Woiwurrung and Taungurong clans at Acheron, Green applied to the Board for permission to return to Woiwurrung country in order to establish a new reserve on the Yarra.
In March 1863, after 3 years of upheaval, the surviving leaders, among them Simon Wonga and William Barak, led 40 Woi Wurrung, Taungurong and Bun warrung people over the Black Spur, with Green and his family. Finding their original site now occupied by squatters, they set up camp on a traditional camping site near the confluence of the Yarra and Badger Creek near Healesville, and requested ownership of the site. They were anxious to have the land officially approved so that they could move down and establish themselves. An area of was gazetted on 30 June 1863 and called "Coranderrk", at the Aboriginal people's suggestion. This was the name they used for the Christmas Bush (Prostanthera lasianthos), a white flowering summer plant which is indigenous to the area.
In mid-1864, there were around 70 Aboriginal people living at Coranderrk.
Coranderrk Station ran successfully for many years as an Aboriginal enterprise, selling wheat, hops and crafts on the burgeoning Melbourne market. Produce from the farm won first prize at the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1881; and other awards in previous years, such as 1872.
By 1874, the Aboriginal Protection Board (APB) was looking for ways to undermine Coranderrk by moving people away due to their successful farming practices. Neighbouring farmers also wanted the mission closed as the land was now deemed "too valuable" for Aboriginal people to occupy.
Photographer Fred Kruger was commissioned to document the site and its inhabitants.
Coranderrk Petition
In the 1870s and 1880s, Coranderrk residents sent deputations to the Victorian colonial government protesting their lack of rights and the threatened closure of the reserve.
Louisa Briggs (1836–1925), a Bunurong woman, lived with her family, including nine children, on Corranderrk first in 1871 and then again from 1874. In 1876 she was appointed matron of the dormitory, on a salary, and acted as a leader and spokesperson for the residents, including giving evidence at an inquiry into the management of the reserve in 1876.
The Royal Commission on the Aborigines in 1877, headed by William Foster Stawell and looking at the six reserves in Victoria (the others being Lake Condah, Lake Tyers, Framlingham, Ramahyuck, and Ebenezer), followed by a parliamentary inquiry in 1881 on the Aboriginal "problem", led to the Aborigines Protection Act 1886, which required "half-castes under the age of 35" to leave the reserve.
Louisa Briggs was widowed in 1878 and was forced off the reserve, returning again in 1882 but again being forced to leave in 1886 because her children were "half-castes" under 35, and from Tasmania.
Activist William Barak and others sent a petition on behalf of the Aboriginal people of Coranderrk to the Victorian Government in 1886, saying:
"Could we get our freedom to go away Shearing and Harvesting and to come home when we wish and also to go for the good of our Health when we need it ... We should be free like the White Population there is only few Blacks now rem[a]ining in Victoria, we are all dying away now and we Blacks of Aboriginal Blood, wish to have now freedom for all our life time ... Why does the Board seek in these latter days more stronger authority over us Aborigines than it has yet been?"
The Coranderrk Petition has survived and is on display at the Melbourne Museum in Carlton.
The history of these events was brought to life in a verbatim theatre performance, called Coranderrk: We will show the country, written by Giordano Nanni and Andrea James, in which actors read the parts of the participants in the 1881 Inquiry. The book of the play, with a long introduction outlining the historical events, was published in 2013.
Decline, closure and aftermath
As a result of the Aborigines Protection Act of 1886, around 60 residents were ejected from Coranderrk on the eve of the 1890s Depression. Their forced departure crippled Coranderrk as an enterprise, with only around 15 able-bodied men left to work the hitherto successful hop gardens.
Almost half the land was reclaimed by government in 1893, and by 1924 orders came for its closure as an Aboriginal Station, despite protests from Wurundjeri returned servicemen who had fought in World War I.
The reserve was formally closed in 1924, with most residents moved to Lake Tyers Mission in Gippsland in eastern Victoria.
Five older people refused to move and continued living at Coranderrk until they died. The last known Aboriginal woman to live at Coranderrk was Elizabeth (Lizzie) Davis, who died in 1956, aged 104. She was denied permission to be buried at Coranderrk alongside her husband and siblings. The last Indigenous child to be born at Coranderrk Station was James Wandin in 1933, in the home of his grandmother, Jemima Wandin.
After the death of the last remaining Indigenous residents in 1950s, the land was handed over to the Soldier Settlement Scheme.
Healesville Sanctuary
In 1920, Sir Colin MacKenzie, a leading medical researcher, leased from the Aboriginal Protection Board to begin his work in comparative anatomy with Australian fauna. This was the catalyst for the creation of the Healesville Sanctuary, a popular zoo for Australian native animals, which today occupies part of the original Coranderrk reserve.
Coranderrk today
Many Aboriginal families continue to live in the Upper Yarra and Healesville area.
In March 1998, part of the Coranderrk Aboriginal Station was returned to the Wurundjeri Tribe Land Compensation and Cultural Heritage Council when the Indigenous Land Corporation purchased 0.81 km2.
Coranderrk was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 7 June 2011.
Cultural representations
Giordano Nanni co-wrote the verbatim theatre play called Coranderrk with Yorta Yorta/Kurnai playwright Andrea James. Based on historical events related to Coranderrk, it was produced by Ilbijerri Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Theatre Cooperative and La Mama Theatre, in collaboration with the University of Melbourne. It was performed at the Playhouse at Sydney Opera House in June/July 2012. An academic work of the same title was published by the authors in 2013.
In 2017, Ilbijerri and the Belvoir Theatre co-produced Coranderrk, a recreation of the 1881 inquiry.
See also
First Australians, Episode 3: Freedom For Our Lifetime
James Wandin
Simon Wonga
William Barak
Wurundjeri
References
Further reading
(Whole e-book)
Trove refs to the 1877 Royal Commission
History of Victoria (Australia)
Aboriginal communities in Victoria (Australia)
Wurundjeri
Australian National Heritage List |
4010644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradenton%20Explorers | Bradenton Explorers | The Bradenton Explorers were one of the eight original franchises that began play in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in .
That season, the club compiled a record of 38-34, finishing in second place in the league's Northern Division, narrowly holding off the Orlando Juice. Jim Morrison led the league with 17 home runs, and pitcher Rick Lysander added a league-high 11 saves. In the playoffs, the Explorers lost to the St. Petersburg Pelicans, who went on to become league champions.
However the following season, the team was relocated to Daytona Beach, becoming the Daytona Beach Explorers. The move was a result of the team losing $1 million during their first season.
In Daytona the team had an 11-11 record and were in 4th place when the Senior Professional Baseball Association ceased operations on December 28, 1990.
Notable players
Willie Aikens
Gary Alexander
Dan Boone
Tom Brown
Doug Capilla
Stan Cliburn
Gene Clines
Al Cowens
John D'Acquisto
Steve Dillard
Chuck Dobson
Dave Freisleben
Wayne Garrett
Garth Iorg
Pat Kelly
Bruce Kison
Ken Kravec
Wayne Krenchicki
Ron LeFlore
Rick Lysander
Mickey Mahler
Tippy Martinez
Hal McRae
Danny Meyer
Tommy Moore
Omar Moreno
Jim Morrison
Graig Nettles
Jim Nettles
Wayne Nordhagen
Al Oliver
Rick Peterson
Jerry Royster
Manny Sanguillén
Earl Stephenson
Sammy Stewart
References
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
1989 establishments in Florida
Baseball teams established in 1989
Sports in Bradenton, Florida
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
1989 disestablishments in Florida
Sports clubs disestablished in 1989
Baseball teams disestablished in 1990 |
4010650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical%20education%20in%20Japan | Technical education in Japan | Technical education in Japan occurs at both secondary, further and tertiary education levels. The initial nine-years of education is compulsory and uniform in coursework.
Secondary education
Entry to Kōsen Colleges of Technology and technical high schools is at age 15 years. The kōsen basically provide five-years of training (although most provide the succeeding two-year course as well). For the graduates, transferring tracks are provided to universities and graduate schools. The high schools provide three-years of training, and the graduates are qualified to, but comparatively hard to proceed to tertiary education, for the usual university entrance examination is not considered for the case.
There are 62 kōsen colleges and ?? technical high schools.
Tertiary education
Western-style began in earnest in the Meiji period with the founding of the British-dominated Imperial College of Engineering. Currently it occurs in the engineering faculty of Tokyo University and other engineering faculties of public and private universities nationwide. The ratio of engineering to science students was 6-to-1 in 1992.There are a number of technical universities called Institutes of Technology, such as Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology and Nagoya Institute of Technology and others. Most are national universities, although Osaka Institute of Technology and Kanazawa Institute of Technology are private.
In addition, two- or three-year private vocational colleges are also very popular, and the graduates in most four-year courses are qualified to proceed to graduate schools. Most of these tertiary students come through three-years of general education at high schools.
See also
Henry Dyer - principal of the Imperial College of Engineering
Institute of Technology
Kōsen (高専) Colleges of Technology in Japan
Notes
Technical training in Japan
Vocational education |
4010655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando%20Juice | Orlando Juice | The Orlando Juice was one of the eight original franchises that began playing in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1989. The team was managed by Gates Brown, while Dyar Miller and Bill Stein served as player-coaches.
In their inaugural season, the Juice finished third in the Northern Division with a 37-35 record, narrowly missing the playoffs. The team had a slow start with Brown at the helm (9-12), but improved in the midseason (28-23) under Miller's management.
Pitcher Pete Falcone anchored the club's pitching staff with a 10-3 record, and Bob Galasso contributed with a 9-2 mark and topped the staff with a 2.67 ERA. The offensive was led by José Cruz, who hit a .306 average with a team-best 10 home runs and 49 runs batted in, while Randy Bass batted .393 and drove in 27 runs. Nevertheless, the Orlando Juice ceased operations at the end of the season.
Notable players
Randy Bass
Jack Billingham
Larvell Blanks
Ike Blessitt
Vida Blue
Bruce Bochy
Roy Branch
Steve Busby
Sal Butera
Dave Cash
Doug Corbett
Mark Corey
Mike Cosgrove
José Cruz
Jamie Easterly
Pete Falcone
Bob Galasso
Wayne Granger
Johnny Grubb
Ken Landreaux
Sixto Lezcano
Bake McBride
Bill Madlock
Jerry Martin
Larry Milbourne
Dyar Miller
Tom Paciorek
Gerry Pirtle
Ken Reitz
Gil Rondon
Bob Shirley
Paul Siebert
Bill Stein
Jackson Todd
Mike Vail
U L Washington
Sources
External links
SPBA baseball cards
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
1989 establishments in Florida
1989 disestablishments in Florida
Baseball teams established in 1989
Baseball teams disestablished in 1989
Sports teams in Orlando, Florida |
4010665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20R.%20Wharton%20High%20School | Paul R. Wharton High School | Paul R. Wharton High School (also known as Wharton High School) is a public high school in Tampa, Florida, United States. It was established in 1997 and is part of the Hillsborough County Public Schools district.
Athletics
Soccer
In 2008, the boys' soccer team won the class 5A state championship.
Tennis
The Wildcats boys tennis team won state championships in 2008, 2009, and 2010.
Notable alumni
Candice Dupree, WNBA player
Larry Edwards, NFL player
Adam Kluger, Business Magnate, Music Manager of Lil Yachty, Bhad Bhabie
Ettore Ewen, professional wrestler
Vernon Hargreaves, NFL player
Chase Litton, NFL player
Auden Tate, NFL player
References
External links
High schools in Hillsborough County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1997
1997 establishments in Florida |
4010666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer%20pedagogy | Queer pedagogy | Queer pedagogy (QP) is an academic discipline devoted to exploring the intersection between queer theory and critical pedagogy, which are both grounded in Marxist critical theory. It is also noted for challenging the so-called "compulsory cisheterosexual and normative structures, practices, and curricula" that marginalize or oppress non-heterosexual students and teachers.
Practice
QP explores and interrogates the student/teacher relationship, the role of identities in the classroom, the role of eroticism in the teaching process, the nature of disciplines and curriculum, and the connection between the classroom and the broader community with a goal of being both a set of theoretical tools for pedagogical critique / critique of pedagogy and/or a set of practical tools for those doing pedagogical work.
The pedagogy focuses on the crisis of knowledge production that result from epistemological limits and regimes of power. Particularly, the pedagogy operates in a situation where the desire for knowledge is inhibited by the repetition of the heterosexual and queer normalization. One of the ways that these are addressed in this framework is by drawing attention to the unease and uncertainty regarding what one thinks and knows.
History
According to William Pinar, a curriculum theorist at the University of British Columbia, homosexuality and pedagogy have been linked as far back as the ancient Greeks and Romans. Modern notions of queer theory in education, however, originate around 1981 with Pinar's "Understanding Curriculum as Gender Text," critiquing the way in which machisimo and masculinity plays out in Marxist educational theory. In 1982, Meredith Reiniger wrote about misogyny that had been internalized by her secondary English students. In 1983, James Sears wrote an article entitled "Sexuality: Taking off the Masks" for a journal called Changing Schools.
The term "queer pedagogy" itself, however, appears to have originated in 1993 with an article in the Canadian Journal of Education. This article was written by two Canadian professors, Mary Bryson (University of British Columbia) and Suzanne de Castell (Simon Fraser University), who were grappling with poststructuralist and essentialist theories of identity in the context of a classroom setting. They present various techniques that they tried, but eventually conclude that the task is both necessary and impossible, concluding: "Queer pedagogy it is indeed, that, after all, in trying to make a difference we seem only able to entrench essentialist boundaries which continue both to define and to divide us."
In 1995, Deborah Britzman wrote an article entitled "Is there a queer pedagogy-- Or, stop reading straight."
In 1998, as part of William Pinar's anthology Queer Theory in Education, the challenge of articulating a queer pedagogy was taken up by a doctoral student at York University, Susanne Luhmann. In "Queering/Querying Pedagogy? Or, Pedagogy is a Pretty Queer Thing" (part of a larger anthology on Queer Theory in Education), she asks questions such as, "Is a queer pedagogy about and for queer students or queer teachers? Is a queer pedagogy a question of queer curriculum? Or, is it about teaching methods adequate for queer content? Or, about queer learning and teaching-- and what would that mean? Moreover, is a queer pedagogy to become the house pedagogy of queer studies or is it about the queering of pedagogical theory?" She suggests that an "inquiry into the conditions that make learning possible or prevent learning" through exploration of the teacher/student relationships and "the conditions for understanding, or refusing, knowledge."
In 2002, Tanya Olson (who teaches Developmental English at Vance-Granville Community College) further explored the teacher/student relationship in an article in Bad Subjects, an online cultural studies journal. In this article, entitled "TA/TG: The Pedagogy of the Cross-Dressed", Olson compared the experience of being a butch woman and not knowing which restroom and whether one was male or female to use to the experience of being a Teaching Assistant (TA) and not being fully a student or a teacher, drawing on it for inspiration towards creating a new conception of pedagogy. She concludes, "Maybe re-defining TAs in the academy will help stop the sense of masquerade that currently characterizes their work. No matter how much they challenge accepted cultural standards or straddle societal binary divisions, everyone deserves a bathroom they can call home. From there we can create a pedagogy of the cross-dressed."
Building on Lee Edelman's work, including his book with Lauren Berlant, DePauw University professor Derek R. Ford theorizes a queer pedagogy of sinthomostudying in the Journal of Curriculum & Pedagogy, which "places us firmly in the gap that is both within and beyond the Symbolic" and "exposes and rejects the possibility of fastening the gap." He clarifies that Edelman's writing on education is actually about the pedagogy of learning, and demonstrates that learning is the pedagogical logic of capitalist futurity. For Ford, such a practice of studying is communist as it provides a break out of what Jodi Dean calls "communicative capitalism."
Theoretical influences
Judith Butler
Sue-Ellen Case
Lee Edelman
Michel Foucault
Henry Giroux
bell hooks
Annamarie Jagose
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick
Lois Banner
Guy Hocquenghem
William Pinar
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20081002002758/http://educ.ubc.ca/faculty/bryson/pdf/qp.pdf
http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2002/59/Olson.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20070823142901/http://jqstudies.oise.utoronto.ca/journal/include/getdoc.php?id=120&article=5&mode=pdf
http://www.temple.edu/tempress/chapters_1100/1391_ch1.pdf
Queer Theory in Education. Ed. William F. Pinar. 1998.
https://web.archive.org/web/20061209035948/http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/BIBLIO25.HTM
Sexing the Teacher: School Sex Scandals and Queer Pedagogies, by Sheila Cavanagh https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184504/http://www.ubcpress.ca/search/title_book.asp?BookID=4584
Philosophy of education
Critical pedagogy
Queer theory |
4010669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter%20Haven%20Super%20Sox | Winter Haven Super Sox | The Winter Haven Super Sox were one of the eight original franchises that began play in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1989. The club, playing in the spring training site of the Boston Red Sox, featured numerous former Red Sox players, including future Hall of Famer Ferguson Jenkins as part of its pitching staff.
In the league's inaugural season, the Super Sox struggled and went through several managerial changes. Player/manager Bill Lee was replaced after just seven games by Ed Nottle, who was in turn replaced by Leon Roberts. Besides, Doug Griffin served as a coach and Dalton Jones played and coached. Among others, Cecil Cooper retired after just 16 games with the club.
The club finished in last place in the Northern Division and did not make the playoffs. Despite the team's poor performance, pitcher Bill Campbell led the league with a 2.12 ERA. After their first season, the Winter Haven Super Sox ceased operations.
Notable players
Matt Alexander
Gary Allenson
Jim Bibby
Mark Bomback
Pedro Borbón
Bucky Brandon
Al Bumbry
Bill Campbell
Bernie Carbo
Cecil Cooper
Mike Cuellar
Ron Dunn
Mario Guerrero
Butch Hobson
Ferguson Jenkins
Dalton Jones
Pete LaCock
John LaRose
Bill Lee
Tom McMillan
Ed Nottle
Ben Oglivie
Joe Pittman
Gene Richards
Leon Roberts
Tony Scott
Scipio Spinks
Jim Willoughby
Rick Wise
Source:
Sources
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
Winter Haven, Florida
Defunct baseball teams in Florida |
4010684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotaro%20Kaneda | Shotaro Kaneda | Shotaro Kaneda may refer to:
Shotaro Kaneda (Akira)
Shotaro Kaneda from Tetsujin 28-go |
4010686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Palm%20Beach%20Tropics | West Palm Beach Tropics | The West Palm Beach Tropics were one of the eight original franchises that began play in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1989. The club hired Dick Williams as manager and fielded a lineup that included slugger Dave Kingman and Rollie Fingers. The Tropics went 52-20 in the regular season and ran away with the Southern Division title. Ron Washington led the club's offense, hitting .359 with a league-high 73 RBI. Mickey Rivers hit .366 and Kingman added 8 homers. The pitching staff was led by Juan Eichelberger, who went 11-5 with a 2.90 ERA. Tim Stoddard also won 10 games for the club.
Local Valentino Falcone (a former minor leaguer) ruptured a hamstring stealing second base (one game before opening day) depriving him of an eventual roster spot.
Despite their regular season dominance, the Tropics lost 12-4 to the St. Petersburg Pelicans in the SPBA's initial championship game.
The West Palm Beach Tropics returned for a second season, as a traveling team known as the Florida Tropics, however the team ceased operation when the league folded in December 1990.
Attendance
The Tropics also had the league's best attendance record. A crowd of 3,404 showed up for opening night, an 8-1 victory over the St. Lucie Legends, and the average draw over 35 home dates settled at a respectable 1,600.
Unfortunately, the estimated break-even point for every franchise was 2,000 per game. Five of the league's eight teams did not get even half that figure.
The initial WPB team owners, future Florida Marlins and Boston Red Sox owner John Henry and Boca Raton lawyer Don Sider, sold the Tropics after the first season, convinced the league would fail in its attempt to expand to California and Arizona. New York theatrical producer Mitch Maxwell purchased the club but never completed financial requirements with the league and tried to sell the team back to Henry. The former home of the tropics, Municipal Stadium, was later demolished and is now a Home Depot.
Coaches and staff
Manager and coaches
Manager: Dick Williams
Coaches: Bob Fralick, Ed Rakow, Larry Brown
Front Office
Ken Shepard, Vice President of Operations / Manager (died 2014)
Ken Burlew, Asst. Dir. of Operations
Michelle Jaminet, Vice President of Marketing
Dale Patten, Ticket Manager
Frank Calieri, Marketing Assistant
Notable players
Benny Ayala
Pete Broberg
Ray Burris
Doug Capilla
Mike Easler
Juan Eichelberger
Rollie Fingers
Toby Harrah
Al Hrabosky
Randy Johnson
Ron Johnson
Odell Jones
Dave Kingman
Lee Lacy
Gary Lance
Tito Landrum
Renie Martin
Will McEnaney
Paul Mirabella
Sid Monge
Dan Norman
Lowell Palmer
Luis Pujols
Ed Rakow
Mickey Rivers
Rodney Scott
Tim Stoddard
Tom Underwood
Mark Wagner
Ron Washington
Jerry White
References
West Palm Beach, Florida
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
1989 establishments in Florida
1990 disestablishments in Florida
Sports in Palm Beach County, Florida
Baseball teams established in 1989
Baseball teams disestablished in 1990
Defunct baseball teams in Florida |
4010697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Myers%20Sun%20Sox | Fort Myers Sun Sox | The Fort Myers Sun Sox were one of the eight original franchises that began play in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1989. The club was managed by Pat Dobson, while Joe Coleman, Dyar Miller, Jerry Terrell and Tony Torchia served as coaches. The Sun Sox played their home games at Terry Park in Fort Myers.
The Sun Sox finished their inaugural season in second place in the Southern Division with a 37–35 record. Their offense was led by the league's top hitter, Tim Ireland, who posted a .374 batting average, while Kim Allen topped the circuit with 33 stolen bases and Amos Otis belted 11 home runs. Unfortunately, the Sun Sox were eliminated by the Bradenton Explorers in the playoffs.
The following season, ownership squabbles in Fort Myers caused the Sun Sox to fold and the league to cease operations less than halfway through its second season.
The statistics for all teams that played the 1989-90 season were published in the Sporting News on February 12, 1990, pages 30–31 "Assessing the Boys of Winter".
Notable players
Kim Allen
Bud Anderson
Alan Ashby
Doug Bird
Manny Castillo
Marty Castillo
Dave Collins
Don Cooper
Dick Drago
Dan Driessen
Pepe Frías
Marv Foley
Rich Gale
Wayne Garland
Larry Harlow
Tim Hosley
Don Hood
Tim Ireland
Ron Jackson
Bobby Jones
Odell Jones
Ken Kravec
Rafael Landestoy
Dave LaRoche
Johnnie LeMaster
Dennis Leonard
Steve Luebber
Rick Manning
Jerry Martin
Steve McCatty
Eddie Milner
Bob Molinaro
Amos Otis
Pat Putnam
Ron Pruitt
Mike Ramsey
Eric Rasmussen
Dan Rohn
Gilberto Rondón
Roger Slagle
Jim Slaton
Tom Spencer
Champ Summers
Jerry Turrell
Rick Waits
Jerry White
Sources
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
1989 establishments in Florida
Baseball teams established in 1989
Sports in Fort Myers, Florida
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
1990 disestablishments in Florida
Baseball teams disestablished in 1990 |
4010715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold%20Coast%20Suns%20%28baseball%29 | Gold Coast Suns (baseball) | The Gold Coast Suns was one of the eight original franchises that played in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in its inaugural 1989 season. The club split their home games between the cities of Miami and Pompano Beach in Florida.
Earl Weaver managed the Suns, who hired former All-Star Pedro Ramos as their pitching coach. Bright spots included pitcher Joaquín Andújar, who posted a 5–0 record with a 1.31 earned run average, and shortstop Bert Campaneris as the oldest everyday player in the league at 47, who hit a .291 batting average and stole 16 bases in 60 games.
But the Suns struggled for most of the season, ending with a 32–39 record and out of the playoffs. Without a fan base, the team averaged 985 fans per game, about half of the attendance projected, and folded at the end of the season.
Notable players
Joaquín Andújar
Stan Bahnsen
Paul Blair
Bert Campaneris
Paul Casanova
César Cedeño
Ken Clay
Mike Cuellar
Jesús de la Rosa
Joe Decker
Taylor Duncan
Jim Essian
Ed Figueroa
Jim Gideon
Orlando González
Ross Grimsley
Glenn Gulliver
Ed Halicki
George Hendrick
Grant Jackson
Cliff Johnson
Mike Kekich
Rafael Landestoy
Larry Milbourne
Bob Molinaro
Sid Monge
Bobby Ramos
Frank Riccelli
Tom Shopay
Rennie Stennett
Derrel Thomas
Luis Tiant
Steve Whitaker
References
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
Baseball teams in Miami
Pompano Beach, Florida
1989 establishments in Florida
1989 disestablishments in Florida
Baseball teams established in 1989
Sports clubs disestablished in 1989 |
4010725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatriciana%20sauce | Amatriciana sauce | Sugo all'amatriciana (), or alla matriciana (in Romanesco dialect), also known as salsa all'amatriciana, is a traditional Italian pasta sauce based on guanciale (cured pork cheek), pecorino romano cheese, tomato, and, in some variations, onion. Originating from the town of Amatrice (in the mountainous Province of Rieti of Lazio region), the Amatriciana is one of the best known pasta sauces in present-day Roman and Italian cuisine. The Italian government has named it a traditional agro-alimentary product of Lazio and Amatriciana tradizionale is registered as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed in the EU and the UK.
Development
Amatriciana originates from a recipe named pasta alla gricia. In the papal Rome, the grici were sellers of common edible foods, and got this name because many of them came from Valtellina, at that time possession of the Swiss canton of Grigioni. According to another hypothesis, the name originates from the hamlet of Grisciano, in the comune of Accumoli, near Amatrice. The sauce—nowadays named also Amatriciana bianca—was (and still is) prepared with guanciale (cured pork cheek) and grated pecorino romano. At some point, a little olive oil was added to the recipe. In the 1960s, the Amatriciana sauce was still prepared in this way in Amatrice itself.
The invention of the first tomato sauces (and the likely earliest date for the introduction of tomato in the gricia, creating the Amatriciana) dates back to the late 18th century. The first written record of pasta with tomato sauce can be found in the 1790 cookbook L'Apicio Moderno by Roman chef Francesco Leonardi.
The Amatriciana recipe became increasingly famous in Rome over the 19th and early 20th centuries, due to the centuries-old connection between Rome and Amatrice. The recipe was extremely well received and rapidly went on to be considered a classic of Roman cuisine, even though it originated elsewhere. The name of the dish in the Romanesco dialect eventually became matriciana due to the apheresis typical of this dialect.
While tomato-less gricia is still prepared in central Italy, it is the tomato-enriched amatriciana that is better known throughout Italy and exported everywhere. While in Amatrice the dish is prepared with spaghetti, the use of bucatini has become extremely common in Rome and is now prevalent. Other types of dry pasta (particularly rigatoni) are also used, whereas fresh pasta is generally avoided.
Variants
The recipe is known in several variants depending, among other things, on the local availability of certain ingredients. In Amatrice, the use of guanciale and tomato, onion is not favored, but is shown in the classical handbooks of Roman cuisine. For frying, olive oil is most commonly used, but strutto (canned pork lard) is used as well. In Amatrice, the local pecorino is sometimes used as cheese.
For cheese either pecorino romano or Amatrice's pecorino (from the Monti Sibillini or Monti della Laga areas) can be used. The addition of black pepper or chili pepper is common.
See also
List of pasta dishes
List of pork dishes
List of sauces
Notes
Sources
External links
New York Times article on different recipes for sugo all'amatriciana and on guanciale
Official Amatriciana sauce recipe
Cuisine of Lazio
Italian sauces
Meat-based sauces
Pasta dishes
Pork dishes
Tomato sauces
Traditional Speciality Guaranteed products from Italy |
4010731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Lucie%20Legends | St. Lucie Legends | The St. Lucie Legends was one of the eight original baseball franchises that played in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1989. The club played its home games at the then recently inaugurated Thomas J. White Stadium, located in Port St. Lucie, Florida.
The Legends featured players such as Vida Blue, a former American League MVP and Cy Young Award winner, as well as National League MVP George Foster and perennial All-Stars Bobby Bonds and Graig Nettles, who signed on as player-manager. Nevertheless, the Legends were an awful team that lost 20 of their first 23 games, which cost Nettles his manager's post, being replaced by Bonds for the remainder of the season.
The Legends finished the season with an overall record of 20–51 and did not make the playoffs. Juan Beníquez led the team with a .359 batting average, while Willie Aikens and Foster belted 11 home runs apiece.
In addition, the Legends had severe financial struggles while averaging only 607 fans for 36 home games. The club folded shortly thereafter.
Notable players
Willie Aikens
Juan Beníquez
Vida Blue
Bobby Bonds
Don Cooper
John D'Acquisto
George Foster
Oscar Gamble
Ed Glynn
Fernando Gonzalez
Ross Grimsley
Jerry Grote
Don Gullett
Dave Hilton
Al Holland
Joe Horlen
Clint Hurdle
Jerry Johnson
Von Joshua
Bill Madlock
Jerry Manuel
Larry Milbourne
Félix Millán
Tom Murphy
Ivan Murrell
Randy Niemann
Graig Nettles
Jim Nettles
Sergio Ferrer
Steve Ontiveros
Floyd Rayford
Fred Stanley
Roy Thomas
Luis Tiant
Jackson Todd
Bill Travers
Walt Williams
Sources
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
St. Lucie County, Florida
1989 establishments in Florida
1989 disestablishments in Florida
Baseball teams established in 1989
Sports clubs disestablished in 1989 |
4010739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytona%20Beach%20Explorers | Daytona Beach Explorers | The Daytona Beach Explorers was a baseball club that played briefly in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1990. They were a replacement team when the originals Bradenton Explorers relocated to Daytona Beach, Florida, and played its games at the Jackie Robinson Ballpark.
Managed by Clete Boyer and coached by Tony Cloninger, the Beach Explorers had registered an 11–11 record and was in fourth place when the league ceased operations on December 28, 1990.
Notable players
Derek Botelho
César Cedeño
Stan Cliburn
Stew Cliburn
José Cruz
Orlando González
Ross Grimsley
Garth Iorg
Jeff Jones
Wayne Krenchicki
Pete LaCock
Rick Lysander
Mickey Mahler
Tippy Martinez
Omar Moreno
Ken Reitz
Dave Sax
George Vukovich
Ron Washington
Tack Wilson
Sources
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
1990 establishments in Florida
Baseball teams established in 1990
Sports in Daytona Beach, Florida
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
1990 disestablishments in Florida
Baseball teams disestablished in 1990 |
4010750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Bernardino%20Pride | San Bernardino Pride | The San Bernardino Pride was a baseball club who played in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1990 for the league's second season. They played its home games at Fiscalini Field in San Bernardino, California.
Former Baltimore Orioles infielder Rich Dauer was the playing manager of the Pride, while Tom Thompson served as the bench coach for the team. The best-known names on the roster were Vida Blue, the 1971 American League MVP and Cy Young Award winner, and Mike Norris, a 22-game winner for the 1980 Oakland Athletics. Other players included Derrel Thomas, who played for seven teams during a 15-year major league career, as well as the brothers Gary and Ron Roenicke.
The Pride also had its version of Bo Jackson in outfielder Anthony Davis, a two-sport star at the University of Southern California, where he earned three national championships in baseball and two in football, before playing as a running back in the WFL, the CFL, the NFL, and the USFL.
The Pride had a record of 13-12 and were in third place when the league canceled the season on December 26, 1990. An apparent rift between teams owners forced cancellation of all remaining games. At the time, the teams had not quite reached the halfway point in a planned 56-game schedule.
Notable players
Kim Allen
Vida Blue
Rich Dauer
Anthony Davis
Joe Decker
Roger Erickson
Bill Fleming
Ed Glynn
Rudy Law
Mike Norris
Bob Owchinko
Jim Pankovits
Leon Roberts
Gary Roenicke
Ron Roenicke
Lenn Sakata
Dave Skaggs
Derrel Thomas
John Urrea
U L Washington
Jim Willoughby
Sources
Sports in San Bernardino County, California
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
Defunct baseball teams in California
1990 establishments in California
1990 disestablishments in California
Baseball teams established in 1990
Baseball teams disestablished in 1990 |
4010760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20City%20Rays | Sun City Rays | The Sun City Rays were a short-lived professional baseball team, based in Sun City, Arizona. The Rays was a member of the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1990 for the league's second season.
Jim Marshall managed the team, while Dave Hilton and Fred Stanley served as coaches. The Rays ceased operation when the circuit folded in December of that year. At the time the league folded, they had a 13–10 record and were second in the standings.
Notable players
Gary Allenson
Barry Bonnell
Ernie Camacho
Bill Campbell
Ron Davis
Jim Dwyer
Juan Eichelberger
Pete Falcone
Rollie Fingers
Bob Galasso
Dave Hilton
Ferguson Jenkins
Pete LaCock
Rick Lancellotti
Jack Lazorko
Ricky Peters
Lenny Randle
Ronn Reynolds
Tony Scott
Razor Shines
Guy Sularz
Roy Thomas
Joel Youngblood
Mark Wagner
Sources
Senior Professional Baseball Association teams
1990 establishments in Arizona
Baseball teams established in 1990
Defunct baseball teams in Arizona
Baseball teams disestablished in 1990
1990 disestablishments in Arizona
Sports in Maricopa County, Arizona |
4010772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piravom | Piravom | Piravom is a Municipality in Ernakulam district and a suburb of Kochi in the Indian state of Kerala. It is located with in 31 km southeast of Kochi city center, at the boundary of the Ernakulam and Kottayam districts. Piravom is famous for its Hindu temples and Christian churches. Piravom has a river-front, verdant hills, and paddy fields.
History
Piravom was owned by the Vadakkumkoor Kingdom until it was captured by Travancore kingdom, and is now part of the Indian state of Kerala.
Piravom was reverted to panchayat status in 1992 after two years as a municipality because of skepticism that its classification as a municipality would attract higher tax rates and building regulation. However as modern municipal councils now have the authority to fix the tax rate and new building rule provisions are now applicable to special grade panchayats, the economic incentive for Piravom remaining a panchayat has disappeared. The local government of Piravom passed a unanimous resolution for elevation to municipality status. In 2015, the government of Kerala reclassified Piravom as a municipality.
The Kerala state government and the GCDA have plans to incorporate Angamaly, Perumbavoor, Piravom and Kolenchery in Ernakulam district, Mala and Kodungallur in Thrissur district, Thalayolaparambu and Vaikom in Kottayam, and Cherthala in Alappuzha district into the jurisdiction of the Kochi metropolis. The newly formed metropolis would be put under the charge of a new authority called the Kochi Metropolitan Regional Development Authority.
Places of Interest
Pazhoor Padippura is an astrology center linked to Pazhoor Perumthrikkovil located in Piravom is referred in the Aithihyamala by Kottarathil Sankunni.
Pazhoor Perumthrikkovil is a temple of Shiva of Hindu tradition located at the town of Piravom. The temple is believed to be nearly 1,800 years old. Pazhoor Perumthrikkovil is also mentioned in Aithihyamala.
Piravom Valiya Pally is one of the oldest churches in Kerala. It stands on a hilltop on the eastern bank of the Muvattupuzha River.
Areekkal waterfall is – located at Pambakkuda panchayat near Piravom. The silver, shimmering water cascading down from around 100 feet with forest and rubber plantations in the background is a sight to behold.
Biblical significance
There is a claim that one of the three Biblical Magi (Balthazar, Caspar, and Melchior) came from Piravom. Some consider Caspar to be King Gondophares (AD 21 – c. AD 47) mentioned in the Acts of Thomas. Others consider him to have come from the South India, where Thomas the Apostle visited decades later. Piravom has for long claimed that it has produced one of the three Biblical Magi. Three churches near Piravom are named after the Biblical Magi, out of only six total in India.
Educational Institutions
Government Higher Secondary School, Piravom
Government Higher Secondary School, Namakuzhy
M.K.M.H.S.S., Piravom
Fatima Matha Central School
St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School
Holy Kings Public school Piravom
BPC College Piravom
MSM ITI, Piravom
Vivekananda Public School
Toc H Public School
Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, a deemed university under the de novo category, Peppathy
Naipunnya St. Michael's Public School, Veliyanad.
13. Government LPS Piravom
14. Government LPS Pazhoor
15. Government LPS Kalampoor
16. Government LPS Namakkuzhy
17. CMS LPS Edappallichira
18. St. Antony's LPS Kalluvettamata
19. Government UPS Kakkad
20. Government UPS Kalampoor
Places of Worship
30 Spiritual Feast, Kakkad, Piravom.
31. Puthussery Thrikka Balanarasimha Swamy Temple
32. Acharyakovil Devi temple
33. Pallippattu Devi Temple, Pazhoor
34. Peringamala Shreekrishna swami temple
35. Thirumanamkunnu Devi temple
36. Oozhathumala Mahadeva temple
37. Melpazhur Mana Temple
Festivals
Holy Danaha Perunnal at St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral (Piravom valiya pally perunnal)
Vishudha Rajakanmarude Thirunnal at Piravom Kochu pally
Pazhoor Shivaraathri and Thiruvaathira Aarattu Maholthsavam
Easter at St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral (Piravom valiya pally)
Thiruvathira Mahotsavam of Thiruveeshamkulam Temple
Pallikkavu Meenabharani Festival
Acharikovil Meenabharani Festival
Athachamayam Festival
Kalamboor Kaavu pana Maholsavam [Kalampoor], Thookkam
Medam Rohini Mahotsavam, Sree Purushamangalam Temple, Kakkad
Pazhoor Pallippattu Temple Pana Maholsavam
Makara Vilakku Maholsavam at Parekkunnu Sree Dharma Sastha Temple Piravom
Makara Vilaku Ulsavam at Thaliyil Ayyapa Temple [Kalampoor]
Politics
Piravom Assembly Constituency has been incorporated into Kottayam Lok Sabha Constituency, led by Thomas Chazhikadan, as a part of the delimitation of parliament seats in India. The assembly was previously part of Muvattupuzha Lok Sabha Constituency.Anoop Jacob is the MLA of Piravom assembly constituency.LDF is the ruling front in Piravom municipality. Eliyamma Philip is the Municipal Chairperson of Piravom Municipality , and K.P Salim former panchayat president of Piravom and M.G. University Senator is the Vice Chairman. Piravom assembly constituency came into being in 1977. Before that Piravom Municipality was part of Muvattupuzha assembly constituency. T M Jacob was the first MLA of Piravom. P C Chacko, Benny Behanan, Gopi Kottamurickal, M J Jacob were the other MLAs. Piravom was part of Muvattupuzha parliamentary constituency until 2019. From then, it is part of Kottayam parliamentary constituency. Prof. C Poulose, former Piravom Panchayath President was a prominent figure in Piravom politics. Umadevi Antharjanam, K P Salim and Sabu K Jacob were also Piravom Panchayath Presidents.
Transportation
The nearest railway station to Piravom is the Piravam Road Railway Station (Velloor), which has stops for all passenger trains and most express trains. The nearest major railway station is at Ernakulam.
The nearest airport, Cochin International Airport, is at Nedumbassery.
A government transport (KSRTC) bus depot is located at Piravom.
A private bus stand is located at the center of Piravom. The buses provide connectivity to Kochi and nearby towns.
Location
The town is situated on the banks of the Muvattupuzha River.
Nearby towns and cities
Kochi (31 km)
Kottayam (40 km)
Muvattupuzha (20 km)
Ettumanoor (30 km)
Koothattukulam (15 km)
Thrippunithura (21 km)
Vaikom (25 km)
Thodupuzha (35 km)
Palai (33 km)
Aluva (37 km)
Perumbavoor (34 km)
Kolenchery (16 km)
Kothamangalam (33 km)
Thalayolaparambu(16 km)
Kaduthuruthy(14 km)
See also
Piravom Valiya Palli
Pazhoor Padippura
Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
Syriac Orthodox Church
Thirumarayoor
References
External links
Piravom Website
Scenes From Piravam
Piravom – From Annals of Kerala Church
Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth
Chinmaya International Foundation
Assembly Constituencies – Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
Remaining Date for Piravom Municipality Election 2020
Cities and towns in Ernakulam district |
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