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4009253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Air%20Museum | Castle Air Museum | Castle Air Museum is a military aviation museum located in Atwater, California, United States adjacent to Castle Airport, a former United States Air Force Strategic Air Command base which was closed in 1995, after the end of the Cold War. It is one of the largest aerospace museums displaying vintage aircraft in the western United States.
History and information
The museum opened with 12 aircraft on 20 June 1981 as a branch of the United States Air Force Museum system. Only four months later, an additional four aircraft were placed on display. Then in 1983, an audit criticized leadership for poor accountability of resources, displaying aircraft outside the museum's mission, and lack of security. When Castle Air Force Base was closed in April 1995 and became Castle Airport, the museum similarly became private. The loss of federal funding eventually caused financial problems for the museum.
It currently displays over 60 restored World War II, Korean War, Cold War, and modern era aircraft. The outdoor museum covers , and among the exhibit highlights are a Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird (one of only 19 surviving), a Boeing B-52D Stratofortress, and the massive, ten-engined Convair RB-36H Peacemaker, one of only four surviving and the largest mass-produced piston aircraft in history. An indoor museum features artifacts, photographs, uniforms, war memorabilia, aircraft engines, and a restored B-52 Stratofortress flight deck. A crew of volunteers restores and maintains the aircraft on display. The museum also hosts a periodic Open House in which visitors can view the interiors of certain planes.
In May 2008, the museum reached its 50th displayed aircraft milestone with the addition of a Douglas A-4L Skyhawk. The aircraft was shipped to the museum in August 2006, and restored at a cost of $12,000.
In October 2013, the Museum received a retired VC-9C aircraft that had previously served during several administrations as an alternate Air Force One and Air Force Two aircraft when use of the primary VC-137 or VC-25 was impractical. Vice presidents such as Al Gore and Dick Cheney, and First Ladies such as Nancy Reagan, Barbara Bush, and Hillary Clinton, as well as presidents Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton, were among the individuals who used the plane.
In 2021, the museum received 5 aircraft from Naval Air Museum Barbers Point, which had closed two years prior.
Alleged paranormal occurrences
The B-29A Superfortress exhibit is reported to be haunted by a spirit named "Arthur." Museum management has reported that visitors, including paranormal investigators, have heard knocking and footsteps from inside the plane. In addition, lights in the aircraft have been known to turn on and off, and the propellers are known to turn even though they are locked in place. An apparition has allegedly been photographed on several occasions, and paranormal researchers claim to have detected anomalous readings on their equipment. The paranormal occurrences have been featured on an episode of UPN's Real Ghosts (1995).
Collection
Hidden aircraft collection
Castle Air Museum has several aircraft that cannot be displayed outdoors, as their fabric coverings do not hold up in the San Joaquin Valley weather. The museum is working to raise funds for a suitable building to display these and other items that they do not currently have indoor space to display.
Piper L-4
Stinson L-5 Sentinel
Bell H-13 Sioux
Ryan PT-22 Recruit
Fairchild PT-23
Schweizer SGS 1-26 (TG-3)
Cessna UC-78
Restoration efforts
The museum has recently received several aircraft which are currently under restoration before they will be displayed on the museum grounds:
Convair B-58 Hustler
Douglas SBD Dauntless
Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star
Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon
References
Footnotes
Notes
Bibliography
Castle Air Museum Visitor's Guide
City of Atwater – Approved Annexations
External links
Castle Air Museum website
SR-71 Online – Castle Air Museum Photo Tour
Castle Air Museum RB-36H Peacemaker
Aerospace museums in California
Museums in Merced County, California
Military and war museums in California
Museums established in 1981
1981 establishments in California |
4009257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramers%E2%80%93Wannier%20duality | Kramers–Wannier duality | The Kramers–Wannier duality is a symmetry in statistical physics. It relates the free energy of a two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model at a low temperature to that of another Ising model at a high temperature. It was discovered by Hendrik Kramers and Gregory Wannier in 1941. With the aid of this duality Kramers and Wannier found the exact location of the critical point for the Ising model on the square lattice.
Similar dualities establish relations between free energies of other statistical models. For instance, in 3 dimensions the Ising model is dual to an Ising gauge model.
Intuitive idea
The 2-dimensional Ising model exists on a lattice, which is a collection of squares in a chessboard pattern. With the finite lattice, the edges can be connected to form a torus. In theories of this kind, one constructs an involutive transform. For instance, Lars Onsager suggested that the Star-Triangle transformation could be used for the triangular lattice. Now the dual of the discrete torus is itself. Moreover, the dual of a highly disordered system (high temperature) is a well-ordered system (low temperature). This is because the Fourier transform takes a high bandwidth signal (more standard deviation) to a low one (less standard deviation). So one has essentially the same theory with an inverse temperature.
When one raises the temperature in one theory, one lowers the temperature in the other. If there is only one phase transition, it will be at the point at which they cross, at which the temperature is equal. Because the 2D Ising model goes from a disordered state to an ordered state, there is a near one-to-one mapping between the disordered and ordered phases.
The theory has been generalized, and is now blended with many other ideas. For instance, the square lattice is replaced by a circle, random lattice, nonhomogeneous torus, triangular lattice, labyrinth, lattices with twisted boundaries, chiral Potts model, and many others.
Derivation
Define these variables.
The low temperature expansion for (K*,L*) is
which by using the transformation
gives
where v = tanh K and w = tanh L. This yields a relation with the high-temperature expansion. The relations can be written more symmetrically as
With the free energy per site in the thermodynamic limit
the Kramers–Wannier duality gives
In the isotropic case where K = L, if there is a critical point at K = Kc then there is another at K = K*c. Hence, in the case of there being a unique critical point, it would be located at K = K* = K*c, implying sinh 2Kc = 1, yielding kTc = 2.2692J.
See also
Ising model
S-duality
Z N model
References
External links
Statistical mechanics
Exactly solvable models
Lattice models |
4009258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201968%20Winter%20Olympics | Canada at the 1968 Winter Olympics | Canada competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games. This was the first Winter Olympic Games in which the new Maple Leaf Flag was used to represent the country.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's slalom
Women
Biathlon
Men
1 One minute added per close miss (a hit in the outer ring), two minutes added per complete miss.
Men's 4 x 7.5 km relay
2 A penalty loop of 200 metres had to be skied per missed target.
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice hockey
Medal Round
Canada – West Germany 6:1 (0:0, 4:1, 2:0)
Goalscorers: Bourbonnais 2, Cadieux, Dinnen, Mott, Huck – Kopf.
Referees: Seglin, Snětkov (URS)
Canada – Finland 2:5 (1:2, 0:1, 1:2)
Goalscorers: O'Shea, McMillan – Keinonen, Oksanen, J. Peltonen, Koskela, Wahlsten.
Referees: Trumble (USA), Seglin (URS)
Canada – East Germany 11:0 (4:0, 4:0, 3:0)
Goalscorers: Mott 4, Huck 2, Hargreaves, O'Shea, Bourbonnais, Monteith, H. Pinder.
Referees: Trumble (USA), Sillankorva (FIN)
Canada – USA 3:2 (1:2, 0:0, 2:0)
Goalscorers: Cadieux 2, Johnston – Pleau, Riutta.
Referees: Snětkov, Seglin (URS)
Czechoslovakia – Canada 2:3 (0:0, 0:3, 2:0)
Goalscorers: Havel, Nedomanský – Huck, Bourbonnais, Cadieux.
Referees: Trumble (USA), Sillankorva (FIN)
Sweden – Canada 0:3 (0:2, 0.0, 0:1)
Goalscorers: Johnston, G. Pinder, O'Shea.
Referees: Sillankorva (FIN), Kořínek (TCH)
USSR – Canada 5:0 (1:0, 1:0, 3:0)
Goalscorers: Firsov 2, Mišakov, Staršinov, Zimin.
Referees: Trumble (USA), Dahlberg (SWE)
Leading scorers/Awards
IIHF Award:
Contestants
CANADA
Goaltenders: Ken Broderick, Wayne Stephenson.
Defence: Marshall Johnston, Terry O'Malley, Barry MacKenzie, Brian Glennie, Paul Conlin.
Forwards: Fran Huck, Morris Mott, Ray Cadieux, Roger Bourbonnais, Danny O'Shea, Bill MacMillan, Gary Dineen, Ted Hargreaves, Herb Pinder, Steve Monteith, Gerry Pinder.
Coach: Jackie McLeod.
Luge
Men
Women
Ski jumping
Speed skating
Men
Women
Official Outfitter
HBC was the official outfitter of clothing for members of the Canadian Olympic team. It was HBC last Olympics until 2006.
References
Olympic Winter Games 1968, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1968 Winter Olympics
1968
Winter Olympics |
4009259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20football%20positions | American football positions | In American football, the specific role that a player takes on the field is referred to as their "position". Under the modern rules of American football, both teams are allowed 11 players on the field at one time and have "unlimited free substitutions", meaning that they may change any number of players during any "dead ball" situation. This has resulted in the development of three task-specific "platoons" of players within any single team: the offense (the team with possession of the ball, which is trying to score), the defense (the team trying to prevent the other team from scoring, and to take the ball from them), and the so-called 'special teams' (who play in all kicking situations). Within these three separate "platoons", various positions exist depending on the jobs that the players are doing.
Offense
In American football, the offense is the team that has possession of the ball and is advancing toward the opponent's end zone to score points. The eleven players of the offense can be separated into two main groups: the five offensive linemen, whose primary job is to block opponents and protect their quarterback, and the other six backs and receivers, whose primary job is to move the ball down the field by either running with it or passing it.
The organization of the offense is strictly mandated by the rules of the sport: there must be at least seven players on the line of scrimmage and no more than four players (known collectively as "backs") behind it. The only players eligible to handle the ball during a normal play are the backs and the two players on the end of the line (the "ends"). These players make up the "skill positions" and are also referred to as "eligible receivers" or "eligible ball carriers". The remaining players (known as "interior linemen") are "ineligible" to catch forward passes. Within these strictures, however, creative coaches have developed a wide array of offensive formations to take advantage of different player skills and game situations.
The following positions are standard in nearly every game, though different teams will use different arrangements of them, dependent on their individual game plans.
Offensive (interior) line
The offensive line is primarily responsible for blocking the defensive line of the opposition, in order to protect their own quarterback. During normal play, offensive linemen do not handle the ball (aside from the snap from center), unless the ball is fumbled by a ball carrier, a pass is deflected, or a player who is normally an offensive lineman takes a different position on the field. The offensive line consists of:
Center (C)
The center is the player who begins the play from scrimmage by snapping the ball to the quarterback. As the name suggests, the center usually plays in the middle of the offensive line, though some teams may employ an unbalanced line where the center is offset to one side. Like all offensive linemen, the center has the responsibility to block defensive players. The center often also has the responsibility to call out blocking assignments and make last second adjustments depending on the defensive alignment.
Offensive guard (OG)
Two guards line up directly on either side of the center. Like all interior linemen, their function is to block on both running and passing plays. On some plays, rather than blocking straight ahead, a guard will "pull", whereby the guard comes out of their position in line to lead block for a ball carrier, on plays known as "traps" (for inside runs), "sweeps" (for outside runs), and "screens" (for passing plays). In such cases, the guard is referred to as a "pulling guard".
Offensive tackle (OT)
Two tackles play outside of the guards. Their role is primarily to block on both running and passing plays. The area from one tackle to the other is an area of "close line play" in which blocks from behind, which are prohibited elsewhere on the field, are allowed. For a right-handed quarterback, the left tackle is charged with protecting the quarterback from being hit from behind (known as the "blind side"), and this is usually the most skilled player on the offensive line. Like a guard, the tackle may have to "pull", on a running play, when there is a tight end on their side. Tackles typically have a taller, longer build than interior offensive linemen, due to the need to keep separation from defensive linemen in pass blocking situations. They also tend to have quick footwork skills as they often engage against containing or rushing defensive ends.
Backs and receivers (R)
Four backs line up behind the line of scrimmage. Additionally, there are two receivers, one on each end of the line of scrimmage, who line up outside of the interior linemen. There are four main positions in this set of players:
Quarterback (QB)
The quarterback is the player who receives the ball from the center to start the play. Considered the most influential position on the offensive side because his team's progress down the field is dependent on his success, the quarterback is responsible for receiving the play from the coaches on the sideline and communicating the play to the other offensive players in the huddle, and serves as the leader of the team's passing game. The quarterback may need to make late changes to the intended play at the line of scrimmage (known as an "audible") depending on the defensive alignment. At the start of the play, the quarterback may be lined up in one of three positions. If he is positioned directly behind and in contact with the center and receives the ball via the direct hand-to-hand pass, he is said to be "under center". Alternatively, if he is lined up some distance behind the center, he is said to be either in "shotgun formation" or in "pistol formation" ('shotgun' is generally further back than 'pistol'). Upon receiving the ball from the center, the quarterback has three basic options to advance the ball: he may run the ball himself (most commonly referred to as scrambling), he may hand it to another eligible ball carrier to run with it, or he may execute a forward pass to a player further up the field.
Running back (HB/FB)
Running backs are players who line up behind the offensive line in a position to receive a hand-off from the quarterback and execute a rushing play. Anywhere from one to three running backs may be utilized on a play (or none, which is referred to as an "empty backfield"). Depending on where they line up and what role they have, running backs come in several varieties. The "tailback", also known as the "halfback", is often a team's primary ball carrier on rushing plays. They may also catch passes, often acting as a "check-down" or "safety valve" when all other receivers on a pass play are covered. The "fullback" is often larger and stronger than the tailback and acts primarily as a blocker, though the fullback may also be used for catching passes or for rushing as a tailback does. Fullbacks often line up closer to the line of scrimmage than tailbacks do in order to block for them on rushing plays. A "wing-back" or a "slot-back" is a term for a running back who lines up behind the line of scrimmage outside the tackle or tight end on either side of the offensive line. Slot-backs are usually only found in certain offensive alignments, such as the flexbone formation. There also exists a similar position, known as the "H-back", that is actually considered a modification of the normal tight end position.
Wide receiver (WR)
Wide receivers are pass-catching specialists. Typically fast and tall, their main job is to run pass routes and get open (i.e. find a position with no near defender) for passes, although they are occasionally called on to block. Wide receivers generally line up split "wide" near the sidelines at the start of the play. Wide receivers, like running backs, come in different varieties depending on exactly where they line up. A wide receiver who is directly on the line of scrimmage is called a "split end" and is counted among the seven required players on the line of scrimmage. A wide receiver who lines up behind the line (and thus counts as one of the four backs) is called the "flanker". A wide receiver who lines up between the outermost wide receiver and the offensive line is said to be "in the slot" and is called the "slot receiver". A wide receiver who can play running back is called a wide back.
Tight end (TE)
Tight ends play on either side of the offensive line and directly next to the tackles. Tight ends are considered "hybrid players" because they are a cross between a wide receiver and an offensive lineman. Because they play next to the other offensive linemen, they are very frequently called on to block, especially on running plays. However, because they are eligible receivers, they may also catch passes. The position known as the "H-back" is a tight end who lines up behind the line of scrimmage, and is thus counted as one of the four "backs", but their role is otherwise similar to that of other tight ends.
Depending on the style of offense the coaches have designed, the game situation, and the relative skill sets of the players, teams may run formations that contain any number of running backs, wide receivers, and tight ends, so long as the mandated "four backs and seven on the line" rule is followed. For many years, the standard set consisted of the quarterback, two running backs (a tailback/halfback and a fullback), two wide receivers (a flanker and a split end) and a tight end. Modern teams show a wide variety of formations, from a "full house" formation with three running backs, two tight ends, and no wide receivers, to "spread" formations featuring four or five wide receivers and either one or no running backs.
Defense
The defensive team, simply known as the "defense", is the team that begins a play from scrimmage without possession of the ball. The objective of the defensive team is to prevent the other team from scoring and win possession of the ball for their side. The defense accomplishes this by forcing the offense to turn the ball over by either preventing them from achieving a first down and forcing them to punt, forcing and recovering an offensive fumble, intercepting a pass, or, more rarely, forcing a turnover on downs.
Unlike the offensive team, the rules of the sport do not restrict the defensive team into certain positions. A defensive player may line up anywhere on his side of the line of scrimmage and perform any legal action. Over time, however, defensive roles have become defined into three main sets of players that encompass several individual positions.
Defensive line
Like their offensive counterparts, defensive linemen (also called rushers) line up directly on the line of scrimmage. There are two positions usually considered part of the defensive line:
Defensive tackle (DT);
Sometimes called a "defensive guard", defensive tackles play at the center of the defensive line. Their function is to rush the passer and stop running plays directed at the middle of the line of scrimmage. The most interior defensive tackle who sometimes lines up directly across from the ball and is, therefore, almost nose-to-nose with the offense's center is often called a "nose tackle" (alternately "nose guard" or "middle guard"). The nose tackle is most common in the 3–4 defense. Most defensive sets have one or two defensive tackles. If one employs a second defensive tackle, sometimes referred to as an "under tackle", they are usually a bit faster than the nose tackle.
Defensive end (DE)
Defensive ends line up outside of the defensive tackles and are the "ends" of the defensive line. Their function is to attack the passer or stop offensive runs to the outer edges of the line of scrimmage, which is often referred to as "containment". The faster of the two is usually placed on the right side of the defensive line (quarterback's left) because that is a right-handed quarterback's blind side.
Defensive linemen will often take a stance with one or both of their hands on the ground before the ball is snapped. These are known as a "three-point stance" and "four-point stance" respectively, and this helps distinguish a defensive lineman from a linebacker, who begins in a two-point stance (i.e. without a hand touching the ground).
Linebackers
Linebackers play behind the defensive line and perform various duties depending on the situation, including rushing the passer, covering receivers, and defending against the run.
Middle linebacker (MLB)
Sometimes called the "inside linebacker" (especially in a 3–4 defense), and known colloquially as the "Mike" linebacker, the middle linebacker is often known as the "quarterback of the defense", as they are frequently the primary defensive play callers and must react to a wide variety of situations. Middle linebackers must be capable of stopping running backs who make it past the defensive line, covering pass plays over the middle, and rushing the quarterback on blitz plays.
Outside linebacker (OLB)
Outside linebackers are given different names depending on their role and the philosophy of the team. Some teams keep their outside linebackers on the same side of the field at all times while others define them as playing on either the "strongside" (SLB) or the "weakside" (WLB). The strongside, or "Sam", linebacker lines up on the same side as the offensive tight end and often is responsible for covering the tight end or running back on pass plays. The weakside, or "Will", linebacker lines up on the side of the offensive line without a tight end and is often used to rush, or blitz, the quarterback or to cover a running back on pass plays.
Defensive backs
Defensive backs, also known as the "secondary", play either behind the linebackers or outside near the sidelines and are primarily used to defend against pass plays. They also act as the last line of defense on running plays and need to be able to make open field tackles, especially when the ball carrier has gotten past the other defenders. A normal defensive line-up includes two cornerbacks and two safeties, though specialty defensive backs (nickelbacks and dime backs) can be brought in in place of linebackers and defensive linemen when there is a need to cover additional receivers.
Cornerback (CB)
Cornerbacks attempt to prevent successful passes by either swatting the airborne ball away from the receiver or by catching the pass themselves. In rushing situations, their job is to contain the runner, either by directing them back to the middle of the field to be tackled by the middle line backers, or by forcing them out of bounds.
Safety (S)
The safeties are the last line of defense (furthest from the line of scrimmage) and usually help the corners with deep-pass coverage. The strong safety (SS) is usually the larger and stronger of the two, providing extra protection against run plays by standing closer to the line of scrimmage, usually on the strong (tight end) side of the field. The free safety (FS) is usually the smaller and faster of the two, and is usually the deepest player on the defense, providing help on long pass plays.
Nickelback and dimeback
In certain formations, the defense may remove a linebacker or a defensive lineman to bring in extra pass coverage in the form of extra defensive backs. A formation with five defensive backs is often called a "nickel" formation, and the fifth (extra) defensive back is called a "nickelback" after the U.S. nickel coin, a five-cent piece. By extension, a formation with a sixth defensive back (dimeback) is called a "dime package" because it employs a second nickelback and the U.S. 10-cent dime coin is equal to two nickels (nickelbacks). Although it is a rare occurrence, a team may also use seven or eight defensive backs on a play, as well.
Defensive formations are often known by a numerical code indicating the number of players at each position. The two most common formations are the 3–4 defense and the 4–3 defense, where the first number refers to the number of defensive linemen, and the second number refers to the number of linebackers (the number of defensive backs can be inferred, since there must be eleven players on the field). Thus, a 3–4 defense consists of three defensive linemen (usually a nose tackle and two defensive ends), four linebackers, and four defensive backs (two cornerbacks, a strong safety, and a free safety).
Special teams
Special teams are units that are on the field during kicking plays. While many players who appear on offensive or defensive squads also play similar roles on special teams (offensive linemen to block or defensive players to tackle), there are some specialist roles that are unique to the kicking game.
Kicking specialists
Kicking specialists are in charge of kicking the football. Depending on the type of specialist and the play that was called, the responsibilities of these positions vary.
Kicker (K)
Also called a "placekicker", kickers handle kickoffs, extra points, and field goals. All three situations require the kicker to kick the ball off the ground, either from the hands of a holder or off of a tee. Some teams employ two kickers: one kicks extra points and field goals, and the other, known as a "kickoff specialist", handles kickoffs. Most, however, use a single kicker for both jobs, and rarely, the same player may also punt.
Kickoff specialist (KOS)
Kickoff specialists are exclusively used during kickoffs. Teams employ kickoff specialists if they feel neither their kicker nor punter is good enough at kicking off. Due to their specialized nature and the limited number of active roster spots, professional KOSs are rare.
Punter (P)
The punter usually lines up 15 yards behind the line of scrimmage. However, this distance has to be shortened when it would result in being on or behind the end line. After receiving the snap, the punter drops the football and kicks, or "punts," it from the air in order to relinquish possession to the defensive team and to send the ball as far downfield as possible. This is usually done only on fourth down.
Other special teams positions
Holder (H)
The holder is usually positioned 7–8 yards from the line of scrimmage and holds the ball for the placekicker to kick. The player occupying this position is often a backup quarterback or a punter because of their "good hands," feel for the ball, and experience taking snaps from a long snapper or center during plays from scrimmage. A holder is occasionally used on kickoffs if the weather or field conditions repeatedly cause the ball to fall off the tee.
Long snapper (LS)
The long snapper is a specialized center who snaps the ball directly to the holder or punter. They are usually distinct from a regular center, as the ball often has to be snapped much farther back on kicking plays than on standard offensive plays. Long snappers are generally the size of tight ends or linebackers, as they not only have to be big enough to block for the punter or kicker, but also athletic enough to run down the field on coverage to try and tackle the return man.
Kick returner (KR) and punt returner (PR)
Returners are responsible for catching kicked balls (either on kickoffs or punts) and running the ball back. These are usually among the fastest players on a team and typically play either wide receiver or cornerback, as well. However, due to the relatively high likelihood of injury during kick returns, most professional teams will not regularly use their very best WRs or CBs as returners. Teams may also use the same player for both return positions or have a specific returner for punts and another for kickoffs.
Upback
The upback is a blocking back who lines up approximately 1–3 yards behind the line of scrimmage in punting situations. Because the punter plays so far back, the back frequently makes the line calls and lets the long snapper know when the punter is ready to receive the ball. Their primary role is to act as the last line of defense for the punter; however, upbacks occasionally receive the snap instead on fake punts and will either pass or run with the football in those situations.
Gunner
A gunner is a player on kickoffs and punts who specializes in running down the field very quickly in an attempt to tackle the returner. They usually line up near the sidelines where there will be fewer blockers which allows them to get down the field quickly.
Jammer
Jammers try to slow down gunners during punts or kickoffs so the returners have more time to move down the field.
See also
American football strategy
Glossary of American football
Rugby league positions
Rugby union positions
History of American football positions
Notes
References |
4009283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20concept | Closed concept | A closed concept is a concept where all the necessary and sufficient conditions required to include something within the concept can be listed. For example, the concept of a triangle is closed because it is a three-sided polygon, and only a three-sided polygon, is a triangle. All the conditions required to call something a triangle can be, and are, are listed.
Its opposite is an "open concept".
See also
Continuum fallacy
References
External links
Open and Closed Concepts and the Continuum Fallacy - More on open and closed concepts
Necessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions - A guide to the usage and application of necessary and sufficient conditions
Concepts in epistemology |
4009290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Truant | Johnny Truant | Johnny Truant was a British metalcore band, formed in 2000 under the name Severance. The band recorded three demos under this moniker before renaming themselves after one of the main characters of Mark Z. Danielewski's novel House of Leaves. The band recorded their debut release The Repercussions of a Badly Planned Suicide (which featured three remixed songs from their second demo) in 2002 which was released on Undergroove Records. Their second album, In the Library of Horrific Events was produced by Killswitch Engage guitarist, Adam Dutkiewicz. The band have toured the UK, Europe and Canada with the likes of Killswitch Engage, As I Lay Dying, Cancer Bats and Alexisonfire as well as playing Download Festival in 2005, 2006 and 2008. Although the band started out as a four-piece, at the start of 2006, Al Kilcullen was added as a second guitarist. As of June 2006, however, Kilcullen was replaced by Reuben Gotto. The band signed to United By Fate Records in the UK and Distort Entertainment in Canada. Their third album titled No Tears for the Creatures was recorded in Brighton Electric throughout November 2007. It was produced and mixed by Dan Weller and Justin Hill of WellerHill productions and at the time both members of Sikth. It was released on 2 June, however the album leaked onto the internet weeks beforehand.
The band then signed to Ferret Music in the US and released No Tears for the Creatures on 30 September 2008.
They were set to support Bring Me the Horizon in the US with Misery Signals and The Ghost Inside, however on 31 October 2008, the band unexpectedly announced on their Myspace that they were to split following their December UK tour. The band played their final show on 17 December 2008.
Members
Final line-up
Paul Jackson – drums (2000–2008)
Stuart Hunter – guitar, vocals (2000–2008)
Alan "Nailz" Booth – bass guitar (2007–2008)
Reuben Gotto – guitar (2006–2008)
Oliver Mitchell – vocals (2000–2008)
Former
Al Kilcullen – guitar (2006)
James Hunter – bass (2000–2007)
Discography
Insecta Evolution (2001), self-released
The Repercussions of a Badly Planned Suicide (2002) Undergroove Records
In the Library of Horrific Events (2005) Undergroove Records - UK / (2006) Dine Alone Records - Canada
No Tears for the Creatures (2008) United by Fate Records - UK / Distort Entertainment - Canada / Ferret Music - USA
References
English metalcore musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
2002 establishments in the United Kingdom
Ferret Music artists |
4009292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd%20New%20Hampshire%20Infantry%20Regiment | 3rd New Hampshire Infantry Regiment | 3rd New Hampshire Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
It was organized at Camp Berry in Concord and mustered in on August 23, 1861, for three years service, 1,047 officers and men. The regiment served most of its time on the Atlantic coast in the Carolinas. The 3rd New Hampshire finished the war in North Carolina and were mustered out of Federal service on July 20, 1865, arriving back in Concord on the 28th for final discharge and payment. The 3rd had a total of 198 casualties, with another 154 dying in Confederate prisons, disease, or warfare-related accidents.
Military service
After being mustered in, the 3rd New Hampshire left for Long Island, New York, encamping at Camp Winfield Scott at Hempstead Plains. From here, they went to Washington, D.C. and Annapolis, Maryland where the regiment embarked on the steamer Atlantic for the assault on Hilton Head, South Carolina. It was part of the forces used to establish Federal footholds on the South's Atlantic Coast. Except for minor skirmishes with Confederate pickets, they did not see action until June 16, 1862, where it participated in the Battle of Secessionville. The 3rd entered battle with 26 officers and 597 men and suffered 104 casualties—27 of them killed or mortally wounded.
In August 1862, the undersized Company H, consisting of 48 men, was stationed at the northern end of Pinckney Island. A Confederate raid overran this position, resulting in seven deaths and 36 prisoners of war, who were later exchanged.
The 3rd New Hampshire then engaged in amphibious operations for several months and was assigned to one of the brigades to attack Fort Wagner. From July 10–13, 1863, the 3rd attempted the first assault, which failed, losing seven killed and 21 wounded. The regiment lost another eight in a second failed assault which took place July 18, 1863, led by Captain James F. Randlett.
During the spring of 1864, the 3rd New Hampshire was transferred north to Virginia where they joined the 10th Corps, also known as the Army of the James. Soon after, they were heavily engaged at Drewry's Bluff on May 16, 1864, where sixty-six New Hampshire men were killed or wounded. On August 16, 1864, they also fought at Deep Bottom, Virginia, where Lt. Colonel Josiah Plimpton, in command of the regiment, was mortally wounded.
On August 23, 1864, the three-year term of service was up for the original volunteers, and those who did not reenlist were mustered out and sent home. Only 180 men remained of the thousand who had left Concord three years prior
In January 1865, the 3rd New Hampshire also took part in the successful attack on Fort Fisher in North Carolina.
Demographics
Out of the 900 men in the regiment, 450 were farmers, 69 laborers, 44 machinists, 31 carpenters, 30 manufacturers, 27 painters, 15 teamsters, and 16 clerks. The origin of the 3rd New Hampshire is as follows: six hundred twenty-nine (629) from New Hampshire, 118 from Massachusetts, 116 from Ireland, 81 from Vermont, 70 from Maine, and 31 from New York, and the remaining from various other places. Company C, commanded by Capt. Michael Donohoe, was almost entirely Irish.
See also
List of New Hampshire Civil War Units
Further reading
Waite, Otis F. R., New Hampshire in the Great Rebellion. Claremont, NH: Tracy, Chase & company, 1870.
References
[1] State of NH, Report of the Adjutant General, 1866: vol II pg505
[2] State of NH, Report of the Adjutant General, 1866: vol II pg502
External links
3
1861 establishments in New Hampshire
Military units and formations established in 1861
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865 |
4009293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201964%20Winter%20Olympics | Canada at the 1964 Winter Olympics | Canada competed at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's slalom
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice hockey
First Round
Winners (in bold) qualified for the Group A to play for 1st-8th places. Teams, which lost their qualification matches, played in Group B for 9th-16th places.
|}
Medal Round
Canada 8-0 Switzerland
Canada 3-1 Sweden
Canada 4-2 Germany (UTG)
Canada 8-6 USA
Canada 6-2 Finland
Czechoslovakia 3-1 Canada
USSR 3-2 Canada
Leading scorer
Luge
Men
Ski jumping
Athletes performed three jumps, the best two were counted and are shown here.
Speed skating
Men
Women
Official Outfitter
HBC was the official outfitter of clothing for members of the Canadian Olympic team.
References
Olympic Winter Games 1964, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1964 Winter Olympics
1964
Winter Olympics |
4009295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland%20Nimmons%20McTyeire | Holland Nimmons McTyeire | Holland Nimmons McTyeire (July 28, 1824 – February 15, 1889) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, elected in 1866. He was a co-founder of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He was a supporter of slavery in the United States.
Early life
Holland McTyeire was born on July 28, 1824 in Barnwell County, South Carolina His parents; Capt. John McTyeire (1792–1859) and Elizabeth Nimmons (1803–1861), were both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. His father was "a cotton planter and a slaveholder."
McTyeire attended the higher schools available at the time: first at Cokesbury, South Carolina, then Collinsworth Institute in Georgia. He graduated from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia (A.B. degree, 1844).
Career
Already licensed to preach, McTyeire was admitted on trial into the Virginia Annual Conference in November 1845. He was appointed to Williamsburg, Virginia. After one year's service, he was transferred to the Alabama Conference, admitted into full connection at the first of 1848. He was a pastor in Alabama (Mobile and Demopolis) and Mississippi (Columbus), before transferring to the Louisiana Conference, where he was ordained elder in 1849. He also was a pastor in New Orleans.
In 1854, McTyeire was elected editor of the New Orleans Christian Advocate, serving in this position until 1858. He was then elected editor of the Nashville Christian Advocate, the central organ of the M.E. Church, South. Interrupted in his editorial career by the American Civil War of 1861-1865, he entered the pastorate again in the Alabama Conference, serving in the city of Montgomery, from which he was elected to the episcopacy in 1866 at the General Conference meeting that year in New Orleans.
McTyeire led a movement within the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, to establish "an institution of learning of the highest order." In 1872, a charter for a "Central University" was issued to the bishop and fellow petitioners, who represented the nine M.E. Church, South Annual Conferences of the mid-south. Their efforts failed, however, for lack of financial resources. Early in 1873, he went to New York City for medical treatment. His wife, Amelia Townsend, was a cousin to Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt's second wife, Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt (1839–1885). This connection led to Vanderbilt giving McTyeire two $500,000 gifts, which the bishop used to found Vanderbilt University. The Commodore's gift was given with the understanding that McTyeire would serve as chairman of the university's Board of Trust for life. He was appointed President of Vanderbilt University in 1873.
McTyeire appointed Confederate veteran Fountain E. Pitts as the first pastor of the McKendree Church, later known as the West End United Methodist Church, in the early 1870s.
Views on slavery
McTyeire "fully supported slavery as part of human nature." In 1859, he published Duties of Christian Masters, where he opined that slavery was "God’s punishment and that he, as a follower of the faith, was bound to do all in his power to ensure this continued."
Personal life
McTyeire was married to Amelia Townsend of Mobile, Alabama.
Death and legacy
McTyeire died on February 15, 1889 in Nashville, Tennessee. His portrait, done by Jared Bradley Flagg, hung in Main Hall (later known as Kirkland Hall) until it was destroyed by the 1905 fire. Another portrait, done by Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer in 1907, hangs in Kirkland Hall.
In the 1940s, the first women's dormitory on the Vanderbilt campus was named McTyeire Hall; it was later renamed McTyeire International House. Meanwhile, the McTyeire School for Girls, founded by Young John Allen and Laura Askew Haygood in Shanghai, China, is also named in his honor.
Bibliography
Duties of Masters to Servants: Three Premium Essays (co-authored with C. F. Sturgis and A.T. Holmes; Charleston, South Carolina: Southern Baptist Publication Society, 1851).
A Catechism on Church Government (1869)
A Catechism on Bible History (1869)
Manual of the Discipline (1870)
History of Methodism (1884)
Passing Through the Gates (1889)
Further reading
Fitzgerald, O.P., Holland N. McTyeire. Nashville, 1896.
Bishop McTyeire's "Memorial Sketch" in the Conference Minutes of the M.E. Church, South General Conference of 1890, pp. 76–78.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
References
1824 births
1889 deaths
People from Barnwell County, South Carolina
People from Nashville, Tennessee
19th-century American newspaper editors
American religion academics
American theologians
American Methodist Episcopal, South bishops
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
Editors of Christian publications
Randolph–Macon College alumni
Methodist writers
Vanderbilt University people
Auburn High School (Alabama) people
Journalists from Alabama
American male journalists
19th-century male writers
American proslavery activists
19th-century American clergy |
4009296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Nicholas | Paul Nicholas | Paul Nicholas (born Paul Oscar Beuselinck; 3 December 1944) is an English actor and singer. He started out with a pop career, but soon changed to musical theatre, playing the lead role in Jesus Christ Superstar at the West End’s Palace Theatre in 1972. Later, in the 1970s, he returned to the pop charts, and he began an acting career – starring in the 1983 BBC sitcom Just Good Friends, for which he is best known. The show won a BAFTA and Nicholas was also nominated for best comedy performance. After the show ended, he returned to musical theatre and various other entertainment roles, including producing and directing.He is also known for his role in EastEnders as Gavin Sullivan.
Early life
Paul Nicholas was born Paul Oscar Beuselinck on 3 December 1944 in Peterborough. His paternal grandfather, Oscar Beuselinck, was Belgian and had been a chef in the merchant navy during World War II, before becoming head chef on the Union-Castle Line ships between the United Kingdom and South Africa. His maternal grandfather was a London docker.
Nicholas' father, Oscar Beuselinck, a former MI6 agent, became a highly esteemed entertainment and show business solicitor. The family spent holidays at his maternal grandparents' home on the Isle of Sheppey, until Nicholas was 10. After his parents divorced when he was 12, his father's family home was at Letchmore Heath, Hertfordshire, opposite the Bhaktivedanta Manor. His paternal grandparents, Winnie and Oscar, lived in a small cottage on the grounds.
Career
Nicholas began his pop career as early as 1960. Adopting the stage name Paul Dean, he formed Paul Dean & The Dreamers who were booked to support The Savages, the backing band for the British rocker Screaming Lord Sutch.
It was here that Sutch first noticed the young Nicholas, who was soon to become vocalist and pianist with The Savages. Still using the name Paul Dean, he released two solo singles in 1965–66. After taking a new stage name, Oscar, he began a long association with the Australian-born entrepreneur, Robert Stigwood. In 1966, Nicholas signed with Stigwood's Reaction Records label and his first single under his new name, "Club of Lights", scraped into the lower reaches of the Radio London Fab Forty chart.
The second Oscar single was a version of a Pete Townshend song "Join My Gang", which The Who never recorded. His third single, a novelty song called "Over the Wall We Go" (1967) is notable for being written and produced by a young David Bowie (Nicholas at this time was managing the band The Sweet and recommended them to record producer Phil Wainman whom he worked with at Mellin Music Publishing). After settling on the stage name Paul Nicholas, he found success in the UK in musicals, beginning with the leading role of Claude in Hair (which Stigwood produced) before winning the title role in the original London production of Jesus Christ Superstar. The part of Danny to Elaine Paige's Sandy made them the first British couple to play the leads in Grease.
He joined The Young Vic under Frank Dunlop and played Claudio in Much Ado About Nothing and appeared in Crete and Sgt. Pepper by John Antrobus. He appeared as the Bully of the Boulevard in Richard O’Brien’s T-Zee at London's Royal Court Theatre. He performed in Prospect Theatre Company's Carl Davies musical Pilgrim. While touring with O'Brien in Hair in 1970 he first heard songs from the yet to be produced Rocky Horror Show and made the first professional recording with O'Brien singing "That Ain't No Crime".
Nicholas' film career began in 1970 in Cannabis. He followed this with See No Evil (1971) and What Became of Jack and Jill? (1972). He then appeared in Stardust (1974), and Three for All (1975). In 1975, he played "Cousin Kevin", Tommy's vicious cousin, in Tommy, and portrayed Richard Wagner in Lisztomania (1975).
In 1976, he embarked on a short-lived but high-profile pop career, with three Top 20 hits in the UK Singles Chart "Reggae Like It Used To Be", "Dancing with the Captain", and "Grandma's Party", the last two of which reached the Top 10. He released the single "Heaven On The 7th Floor" in 1977. This only just reached the UK Top 40, but reached number No. 1 in New Zealand. In the US, the song peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 5 in Cashbox listings, giving Nicholas a gold record. He followed this with "On The Strip" which entered the Billboard Hot 100 No. 67 but failed to enter the UK chart. In the mid-1970s he hosted his own children's television pop show, Paul.
In 1978, he appeared in Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band as Dougie Shears. Further films followed including The World Is Full of Married Men (1979), Yesterday's Hero (1979), the loutish punk singer in The Jazz Singer (1980), the romantic lead in Invitation to the Wedding (1983), and Nutcracker (1983).
Having done a workshop with Andrew Lloyd Webber, he returned to West End theatre in 1981 to create the role of Rum Tum Tugger in Lloyd Webber's musical Cats. He then originated the title role in Blondel by Sir Tim Rice and Stephen Oliver. That same year, he starred in Two Up, Two Down, a short-lived sitcom co-starring Su Pollard. In 1983, he got his first high-profile television role as Vince Pinner in Just Good Friends. The show, for which Nicholas also sang the theme tune, was a success. He was also nominated for a BAFTA.
Nicholas later returned to the stage, playing numerous roles on screen in both movie and television projects. In 1986 Nicholas continued to star in musicals including ‘Jekyll and Hyde’’, Fiddler On The Roof’' and 42nd Street’' which was directed by the shows author Mark Bramble. He starred as The Pirate King in Joseph Papp's version of The Pirates of Penzance at the London Palladium and the Manchester Opera House, touring again in the same role in the late 1990s. He starred in Barnum in the first national tour and followed this with a highly successful season at The Dominion Theatre in the West End. At the end of 1991, while touring with Barnum, Nicholas was the subject of This Is Your Life. For his services to show business and charity, Nicholas was awarded a Silver Heart from the Variety Club of Great Britain and a Gold Badge Award from BASCA. Nicholas then starred in the national tour of Singin' in the Rain, which was directed by Tommy Steele.
In June 1996, Nicholas played the role of King Arthur in the Covent Garden Festival's production of Camelot. He repeated his role of King Arthur in a BBC Radio 2 production of Camelot. Other radio work included Bert in BBC Radio 4's Gracie. He hosted two series of BBC Radio 2's Mad About Musical''', as well as his own hour-long TV special, Paul and Friends, for Thames Television. Nicholas fronted the Radio 4 children's series Cat's Whiskers during the 1980s.
In 1997, he starred as the anti-hero of Karoline Leach's The Mysterious Mr. Love at the Comedy Theatre in London's West End. He continued to appear as the lead in numerous straight roles thereafter: Simon Gray's Stagestruck, a national tour of Michael Cooney's The Dark Side, Catch Me if You Can, and two plays by Eric Chappell: Mixed Feelings, in which he played a transsexual, and Snakes and Ladders. He starred as John Smith in the original production of Caught in the Net. He co-produced, with Bill Kenwright, a new musical based on Charles Dickens' novel A Tale of Two Cities, starring as Sidney Carton. The musical played Windsor with a Christmas season in Birmingham.
In 2000, Nicholas appeared in the BBC television comedy drama Sunburn, playing David Janus, owner of the self-titled holiday company around which the series was centered. He Ronnie Buchan in the new police drama series Burnside. Further television work included parts in The Bill and Holby City.
He then played the title role in the national tour of Doctor Dolittle and followed this with the role of Tevye in UK Productions' national tour of Fiddler on the Roof. In the summer of 2006, he was a celebrity showjumper in the BBC's Sport Relief event Only Fools on Horses, as well as appearing in Doctors, Heartbeat and Holby City. That autumn, Nicholas was attached to star in the British film Cash and Curry, and that year he co-produced and starred in Jekyll & Hyde in a UK national tour.
In 2008, Nicholas played Alan Boon in BBC Four's Consuming Passions – a hundred years of Mills and Boon. He also directed and produced A Tale of Two Cities at Upstairs at the Gatehouse. In 2009, Nicholas played Jack Point in The Yeomen of the Guard for the Carl Rosa Opera Company at the Tower of London Festival. In November 2010, Nicholas opened in The Haunting. He also directed the musical version of Tale of Two Cities at Charing Cross Theatre in April–May 2012.
In 2014, Nicholas produced and starred in Blockbuster, a musical. In 2015, he appeared as Judge Wargrave in And Then There Were None. In the summer of 2015 he directed a new production of Tommy at Blackpool's Opera House. In June 2015 while touring in And Then There Were None, Nicholas was cast as Gavin Sullivan on EastEnders. He then starred as Scrooge in the Alan Menken musical, A Christmas Carol. In 2016, he was cast as Neville Chamberlain in the film Masaryk. He appeared as himself in The Real Marigold Hotel shown on BBC One in March 2017.In 2018 Nicholas toured the UK. In 2018 toured Ronald Harwood’s’’Quartet’In 2019 Nicholas played Father Merrin in the ‘Exorcist’.In 2021 Nicholas published ‘Musicals Marigolds & Me’and his 3 CD Boxset ‘Paul Nicholas Gold’.In 2022 he played Pickering in ‘Pygmalion’ at the Theatre Royal Windsor.
Business
In 1990, while starring with David Ian in The Pirates of Penzance at the London Palladium, Nicholas offered Ian a partnership in co-producing and starring in a touring production of the New York Shakespeare Festival version of the popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera. Paul Nicholas & David Ian Associates Ltd was formed to produce the 20th anniversary production of Jesus Christ Superstar on a UK-wide tour, which sold out. They then produced a nightly fully staged version of The Pirates of Penzance in which Nicholas starred and again they sold out.
The company has since produced numerous shows, including:Jesus Christ Superstar – concert version Pirates of Penzance – UK tourGrease – West End and Broadway – Tony Award nomination for Best Revival 2008The Rocky Horror Show – directorAin't Misbehavin' – West EndSingin' in the Rain – UK tourEvita – UK tourChess – UK tourHappy Days – UK tourSaturday Night Fever – London Palladium and NYC Minskoff Theatre, co-adapter and producerA Tale of Two Cities – UK tour; co-produced with Bill Kenwright Jekyll & Hyde – UK tour, co-produced with UK ProductionsKeeler – 2007, producer and directorA Tale of Two Cities – Upstairs at The Gatehouse 2008, producer and directorGrease – West End 2007 and US tour 2008–09, co-producerJest End (musical parody) – London Players and Jermyn Theatres 2009, producerGrease – South Africa and Far East tour 2010, US and UK tours 2010/11, co-producer
Keeler – UK tour September–November 2011, producer and director
A Tale of Two Cities: The Musical – Charing Cross Theatre April–May 2012, director Seven Brides for Seven Brothers – UK tour September 2013, producer Wag – Charing Cross Theatre July 2013, co-producerKeeler – October 2013 producer and director Blockbuster – UK tour September 2014 producer and director A Christmas Carol – 2015 associate producerGrease – UK tour 2017, co-producer
‘’Tommy’’ - Blackpool Opera House,2018 Director
Paul Nicholas School of Acting & Performing Arts
In 2006 Nicholas set up a franchise operation, the Paul Nicholas School of Acting & Performing Arts, aimed at teaching acting to school-age children. The company went into liquidation in 2012. In January 2008 Nicholas launched Paul Nicholas Community Arts, a project designed to engage disenfranchised children in the arts. The pilot scheme was funded for fourteen weeks by Wyre Borough Council. A twelve-week scheme began on 28 May 2008 in Blackpool.
Personal life
Nicholas was 18 when he had a child, Carl (b. 1965), with girlfriend Patricia Brecknell. His then-former girlfriend, Lyn Last, gave birth to his second child, Jason (b. 1967), only a few months after his 1966 marriage to Susan Gee. Nicholas and Gee had two children together, Natasha (b. 1969) and Oscar (b. 1971). After their divorce, Susan Gee died in 1977, at the age of 28 in a car accident, survived by their two young children.
Nicholas first met Linzi Jennings in 1970; they later dated and were in a relationship until 1977.
Nicholas became despondent in 1979; the mother of his two children, Susan Gee had died and he was a single parent. Through his grief he was reunited with Linzi a few months later, she was supportive of him and his two children, gelling as a family unit, they went on to have two children together, Alex (b. 1981) and Carmen (b. 1987). Nicholas and Linzi married in 1984.
Discography
Albums
Appearances:
Hair (Original London Cast Recording) (1968, Polydor Records)Fresh Hair (Original London Cast Recording) (1970, Polydor)
Cats (Original London Cast Recording) (1981, Polydor)
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (soundtrack) (1978, RSO Records)
Solo:Paul Nicholas (1977, RSO LP) 12 songs; 10 in the US and Canada. In the Netherlands, it was retitled On the Strip (1978, RSO LP) and added two single A-sides while dropping two others.Just Good Friends (1986, K-Tel LP and CD) 13 songs, 12 of which are cover versionsThat's Entertainment (1993, Karussell CD) 14-song compilation; RSO/Polydor material from 1976 to 1980Colours of My Life (1994, First Night Records CD) 16-song compilation; 12 from West End theatre cast albums and 4 new recordings
Singles
Literature
Paul Nicholas (with Douglas Thompson) "Musicals, Marigolds & Me" autobiography, 235 pages. Published in October 2021 by Fantom Publishing.
Paul Nicholas (with Douglas Thompson): Behind the Smile'' autobiography, hardcover, 218 pages published in October 1999 by André Deutsch Ltd;
See also
List of one-hit wonders in the United States
Paul Nicholas Gold Album
Demon Records October 2021
Paul Nicholas Album’On The Strip’2022
Paul Nicholas Album ‘Rarities’2022
References
External links
Paul Nicholas at the British Film Institute
1944 births
English male singers
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
English people of Belgian descent
Living people
Male actors from Cambridgeshire
Musicians from Cambridgeshire
People from Peterborough
RSO Records artists
British male comedy actors
Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages members |
4009298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Nicks | John Nicks | John Allen Wisden Nicks (born 22 April 1929) is a British figure skating coach and former pair skater. With his sister, Jennifer Nicks, he is the 1953 World champion. As a coach, his skating pupils have included Peggy Fleming, pairs team Tai Babilonia and Randy Gardner, Kristi Yamaguchi, Sasha Cohen, Rory Flack and Ashley Wagner.
Personal life
Nicks, the son of a sporting goods store owner, grew up in Brighton, England. He is the brother of Jennifer Nicks. Nicks moved to the United States in the 1960s with his wife Denise, son Christopher and daughter Carolyn and was briefly an undocumented immigrant but received his green card a few weeks later. He married American former ice dancer Yvonne Littlefield. He became a U.S. citizen around 2008.
Career
Nicks began skating at age 10 or 11 after his father – who knew nothing about skating but wanted to sell skating equipment – put him in skates in order to learn more about them. John and Jennifer competed initially as singles skaters but agreed to train together in pair skating upon the request of the British association, which promised to support them. They made their first Olympic appearance at the 1948 Winter Olympics, where they finished 8th. Recalling the competition in a January 2013 interview, John said, "it was snowing so much they had to stop the skating after every three skaters to clear the snow." He was impressed by the American skaters at the event, in particular Dick Button – this would later influence his decision to come to the United States.
The Nicks siblings won the first of their four World medals, silver, at the 1950 World Championships. They won World bronze the next two seasons and competed at their second Olympics in 1952, where they finished 4th. The pair won gold at the 1953 World Championships in Davos, Switzerland. John said, "We were skating outdoors back then, and the temperature was, like, 28 degrees during a practice. It was so cold that I remember when I was taking off my boots that my laces were frozen." The siblings retired from competition after the event.
John moved to South Africa, where he skated in shows and began coaching, but moved back to England in 1960 and eventually on to Canada, coaching in Trail, British Columbia. Following the February 1961 crash of Sabena Flight 548, which killed the entire US figure skating team, he received four offers of a coaching job in the United States and agreed to coach at a rink in Paramount, California owned by Frank Zamboni. He first appeared at the U.S. Championships as a coach in 1965.
As of 2012, Nicks coaches in Aliso Viejo, California. He has coached over 1,200 skaters during his career. In April 2013, he said he would no longer travel but would still coach Ashley Wagner at the Aliso Viejo Ice Palace. Nicks was inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2000. He appeared as a judge on the 2006 FOX television program Skating with Celebrities.
His students have included:
Peggy Fleming
Angela Nikodinov
Jo Jo Starbuck / Kenneth Shelley
Tai Babilonia / Randy Gardner
Tiffany Chin
Christopher Bowman
Natasha Kuchiki
Jenni Meno / Todd Sand
Kristi Yamaguchi / Rudy Galindo
Naomi Nari Nam
Sasha Cohen
Ashley Wagner (since June 2011)
Michael Christian Martinez
Michael Novales
Rory Flack
Competitive highlights with Nicks
References
External links
Brighton and Hove - John and Jennifer Nicks
1929 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Brighton
American figure skating coaches
British male pair skaters
British emigrants to the United States
Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain
Figure skaters at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Figure skaters at the 1952 Winter Olympics
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists |
4009303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leura%20Collins | Leura Collins | Leura Collins was a member of Retail Clerks Union Local 455 and subject of a workplace theft investigation that resulted in the 1975 Supreme Court of the United States case NLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc., .
History
Weingarten Inc. was founded in 1948 as a retailer. By 1972, Weingarten Inc. operated 100 stores, some of which included "lunch counters", and others which included "lobby food operations." These counters/lobbies provided eat-in or carry-out dining options for customers. Collins was employed from 1961-1970 at store #2 as a "lunch counter" sales person. She transferred to store #98 where she was a sales person at the "lobby food operation."
Loss Prevention Specialists were employed by Weingarten Inc and operated at the companies stores undercover, sometimes unbeknownst to management to observe/apprehend people suspected of theft, including employees. In June 1972, Loss Prevention Specialist "Hardy" observed the lobby operation at store #98 for 2 days (without the knowledge of management) to investigate a report that Collins was stealing money from the cash register. Hardy disclosed his presence to the store manager only after his 2-day investigation turned up no evidence. The store manager then told Hardy that he was just informed by a coworker that Collins had taken a $2.98 box of chicken and put only $1 into the cash register. Collins was then interviewed by both Hardy and the store manager.
Interview #1
Collins repeatedly requested union representation at the meeting, but her requests were denied. The interview continued and Collins explained that the "lobby" had run out of small boxes, so she had to use the large size ($2.98) box to hold her small ($1) order of chicken. Hardy left the interview and was able to verify with another employee that they had indeed run out of small boxes, and the employee who reported her was unaware of how many pieces of chicken were in the box. Hardy returned to the interview and apologized for the confusion and informed Collins that his investigation was over.
Interview #2
Collins then burst into tears and proclaimed the only thing she ever took was her free lunch. Hardy and the manager were surprised to hear this because their understanding was that free lunches were provided in stores with "lunch counters" (e.g. #2), but not in those with "lobby food operations" (e.g. #98). A new interrogation proceeded and Collins' renewed request for union representation was again denied. Hardy computed a total of $160 owed the company by Collins for these free lunches. However, a call to company headquarters revealed much confusion regarding the companies 2 different free lunch policies. In fact, most other employees at the "lobby food operation" at store #98, including the manager, had taken free lunches. The store manager asked Collins to keep the interview confidential, but she informed her union shop steward.
See also
Weingarten Rights
External links
The Weingarten Decision and the Right to Representation on the Job
Collins, Leura
Retail clerks |
4009304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Locke%20Brockman | William Locke Brockman | William Locke Brockman (1802 – 28 November 1872) was an early settler in Western Australia, who became a leading pastoralist and stock breeder, and a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council.
Biography
Born in Kent, England in 1802, William Locke Brockman was a member of the Brockman family, a prominent Kent family with a history dating back to the 14th century. Little is known of his early life, except that he was a farmer with land in the Romney Marsh area. In 1827, Brockman married Ann Francis Elizabeth Hamersley (1809–1876). They had six sons and three daughters.
In 1829, Brockman, with his wife and eldest son Edmund, emigrated to the Swan River Colony in Western Australia. They arrived on in January 1830. Brockman brought with him a prefabricated house, seven servants, and a number of sheep. Under the colony's system of land grants, this entitled him to a grant of over . He was the ninth person to be granted land in the colony.
He established himself as a pastoralist and wheat grower in the Upper Swan district. He named his grant Herne Hill, and this name survives today as the name of the Perth suburb of Herne Hill. He was a foundation member of the Swan Agricultural Society in 1831, and in 1833 became a justice of the peace. In 1837, he constructed a mill on his property. His success as a farmer prompted his wife's brother Edward Hamersley to immigrate. Hamersley arrived with his wife and son Edward in February 1837. He ultimately became a successful and wealthy pastoralist, and a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council, and the Hamersley family became one of the most prominent families in the colony.
In 1839, he was nominated to the Western Australian Legislative Council, but he resigned the following year. From around 1845, he began exporting horses to India. He later acquired land near Northam, and was the first person to take up land in what is now the Shire of Bindoon. For this reason, the Brockman River, which flows through the Bindoon Shire, was named after him. Local Aboriginal people showed him the land around Gingin and because it had permanent water, he took up land there in 1841. He called the property Cheriton, after the parish of his father, the Reverend Julius Drake-Brockman. A water-powered mill was built over the Gingin Brook by Alfred Carson, and wheat was milled into flour, helping relieve the colony's dependence on imported flour. Due to favourable soils, the property became the principal source of citrus fruit for Perth, and was especially known for what came to be called Cheriton oranges. It is thought that he had sourced the seeds in the Canary Islands.
In the 1860s, he became involved in the public push for representative government. Eventually, the Governor of Western Australia agreed to hold informal Legislative Council elections, on the understanding that he would nominate those elected. In the informal election of May 1867, he was elected for Guildford, and was accordingly nominated to the council. He held the nominative seat until July 1870, when the council became formally elective. He contested the seat of Swan in the subsequent election, but was defeated by Thomas Courthope Gull. Two years later he contested the seat again, this time defeating Gull. He held the seat until his death at Herne Hill on 28 November 1872.
Two of his sons, Henry and Edmund Ralph, became prominent farmers in the colony and Members of the Legislative Council.
References
Further reading
1802 births
1872 deaths
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council
People from Kent
Settlers of Western Australia
19th-century Australian politicians |
4009311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n%20salvaje%20%281966%20TV%20series%29 | Corazón salvaje (1966 TV series) | Corazón salvaje () is a Mexican telenovela produced and broadcast by Telesistema Mexicano (now Televisa) in 1966. It is the second of five screen adaptations of the novel of the same name by Caridad Bravo Adams. This telenovela starred singer Julissa while the 1977 production starred singer Angélica María who had previously had the role of Mónica in the 1968 film version. Actor Ernesto Alonso produced both telenovela versions. The role of Juan del Diablo went to Enrique Lizalde who, with Julissa, had previously starred in another Bravo Adams’ story, La mentira.
This was the first starring role of Enrique Álvarez Félix, son of actress María Félix, in the role of the antagonist Renato Duchamp, the legitimate half-brother of Juan del Diablo. It was also the second time Jacqueline Andere (in the role of Aimée, Monica's sister) co-starred with Enrique Lizalde, both being stage actors.
Cast
Julissa as Mónica Molinar
Enrique Lizalde as Juan "del Diablo""
Jacqueline Andere as Aimée Molinar
Enrique Álvarez Félix as Renato Duchamp
Miguel Manzano as Noel
Graciela Nájera
Beatriz Baz
Fanny Schiller
Socorro Avelar as Ana
Humberto Jiménez Pons
Fedora Capdevilla as Kuma
See also
Corazón salvaje
Juan del Diablo – the Puerto Rican version
Notes
External links
Corazón salvaje at the telenovela database
1966 telenovelas
1960s Mexican television series
1966 Mexican television series debuts
1966 Mexican television series endings
Mexican telenovelas
Spanish-language telenovelas
Televisa telenovelas |
4009312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedorthist | Pedorthist | A pedorthist is a professional who has specialized training to modify footwear and employ supportive devices to address conditions which affect the feet and lower limbs. They are trained in the assessment of lower limb anatomy and biomechanics, and the appropriate use of corrective footwear – including shoes, shoe modifications and other pedorthic devices.
Certified Pedorthist
“Certified Pedorthist” is a title used by the American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics and Pedorthics (ABC) International Certification, Board of Certification/Accreditation, The College of Pedorthics of Canada as well as the Pedorthic Association Australia, where the only English speaking university degree of Pedorthics is taught at Southern Cross University. The professional designation of Certified Pedorthist is assigned to individuals who have completed the required training through education and clinic experience, and have passed the Pedorthic Certification exam.
An individual who has met the above requirements must comply with mandatory continuing education program in order to maintain this certification. Individuals with a Certified Pedorthist designation are qualified to practice in United States, Canada and internationally.
A certified pedorthist is obligated to support and conform to professional responsibilities that promote and assure the overall welfare of the patient and the integrity of the profession. Pedorthists consult with patients based on a referral from a prescribing healthcare professional such as a family physician, and are integrated members of health care teams. Certified Pedorthists work within a specific capacity detailed in their respective scope of practice documents. American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics and Pedorthics (ABC) - Scope of Practice, Board of Certification/Accreditation (BOC)- Scope of Practice, and the College of Pedorthics (CPC)- Scope of Practice.
The American Board for Certification, the Board of Certification/Accreditation and the College of Pedorthics of Canada enforce their professional code of ethics for all members regardless of the country they choose to practice in. The Pedorthic Footcare Association or PFA (United States, International and Canadian Chapter) is a self-regulatory body which verifies, upholds, monitors and supports the competent and ethical practice of its Certified Pedorthist members.
Alleviating painful or debilitating conditions of the lower limb;
Accommodation of foot deformities;
Re-alignment of anatomical structures;
Redistribution of external and internal forces;
Improvement of balance;
Control of biomechanical function;
Accommodation of circulatory special requirements; and,
Enhancement of the actions or limbs compromised as a result of accident, congenital deformity, neural condition, or disease.
A Certified Pedorthist – C.Ped., BOCPD or C.Ped (C) is a health professional who is trained to assess patients, formulate and implement a treatment plan and follow-up with patients.
The services provided include, but are not limited to:
Assessment
The evaluation and documentation of: Biomechanics;
In-shoe pressure mapping
Gait analysis including temporal and spatial assessment;
Range of motion;
Footwear analysis;
Review of potentially complicated health factors;
Circulation;
Skin integrity;
Pedorthic requirements;
Poprioception and environmental barriers including social, home and work integration.
Formulation of a treatment
Verification of prescription/documentation;
Evaluation of the prescription rationale;
A needs assessment based on patient and/or caregiver input;
Development of functional goals;
Analysis of structural and design requirements;
Consultation with and/or referral to other health care professionals as required.
Implementation of the treatment plan
Acquisition of / modification and/or rectification of anthropometric data;
Casting and measuring for custom footwear;
Material selection and fabrication;
Fitting and modifying standard and orthopaedic footwear;
Accommodating/incorporating complementary assistive devices;
Fabrication of pedorthic devices;
Device structural evaluation;
Patient education and instruction.
Follow-up treatment plan
Documentation of functional changes;
Formulation of modifications to ensure successful outcomes;
Reassessment of patient expectations;
Reassessment of treatment objectives;
Development of long term treatment plan;
Confirmation of patient education and instruction.
See also
Orthotist
Health care providers
Podiatrist
Prosthetist
Foot health practitioner in the United Kingdom
References
Medical equipment
Orthopedic surgical procedures
Prosthetics |
4009325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20in%20New%20Zealand | 2006 in New Zealand | The following lists events that happened during 2006 in New Zealand.
Population
Estimated population as of 31 December: 4,209,100
Increase since 31 December 2005: 48,200 (1.16%)
Males per 100 Females: 95.8
Incumbents
Regal and viceregal
Head of State – Elizabeth II
Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, succeeded by Anand Satyanand
Government
The 48th New Zealand Parliament continued. Government was a coalition between
Labour and the Progressives, with
United Future and New Zealand First supporting supply votes. The leaders of the two support parties are ministers outside Cabinet.
Speaker of the House – Margaret Wilson (Labour)
Prime Minister – Helen Clark (Labour)
Deputy Prime Minister – Michael Cullen (Labour)
Minister of Finance – Michael Cullen (Labour)
Non-Labour ministers
Jim Anderton (Progressives) (within Cabinet)
Winston Peters (New Zealand First) – Minister of Foreign Affairs, Racing and Associate Minister of Senior Citizens (outside Cabinet)
Peter Dunne (United Future), Minister of Revenue and Associate Minister of Health (outside Cabinet)
Parliamentary leaders
National (opposition) – Don Brash to 27 November, John Key (Leader of the Opposition)
Greens (opposition) – Jeanette Fitzsimons (to 2 June 2006) and Russel Norman
Act (opposition) – Rodney Hide
New Zealand First – Winston Peters
United Future – Peter Dunne
Māori Party (opposition) – Tariana Turia and Pita Sharples
Judiciary
Chief Justice — Sian Elias
Main centre leaders
Mayor of Auckland – Dick Hubbard
Mayor of Tauranga – Stuart Crosby
Mayor of Hamilton – Michael Redman
Mayor of Wellington – Kerry Prendergast
Mayor of Christchurch – Garry Moore
Mayor of Dunedin – Peter Chin
Events
January
1 January: Changes to New Zealand citizenship laws mean not all babies born in New Zealand have a right to be citizens. Babies must have a parent who is a citizen or permanent resident of New Zealand or its dependencies.
2 January: New Zealand's warm sunny New Year weather has come to a sudden end as gale-force winds and rain assault southern New Zealand. (Wikinews)
7 January:The New Zealand Māori Queen, Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu, is undergoing dialysis treatment, the Tainui Tribe confirmed today. The Queen's condition is not believed to be critical. (Wikinews)
9 January: Electricity generator and retailer TrustPower announces that it is considering a wind farm development at Lake Mahinerangi, south of Dunedin. (Wikinews)
13 January: Winston Peters says there is no travel warning for New Zealanders visiting Fiji, although Australia has issued one, after the Fijian military commander threatened to remove the Government.
14 January:The Government announces a review of liquor advertising amidst concern over teenage binge drinking. The review will consider regulating sponsorship of sport by alcohol companies. Lion Nathan says there is no need for change.
15 January: Review of David Lange's documents show that the United States threatened to spy on New Zealand if it did not back down from its 1980s anti-nuclear legislation.
21 January:A Wellington sperm bank refuses to accept a donation from a gay man, apparently to minimise the risk of HIV transmission.
February
1 February: Don Brash, the leader of the New Zealand National Party gave his third state of the nation speech to the Orewa Rotary Club where he focused on the economy. Wikinews
4 February:Two Fairfax-owned newspapers, The Dominion Post and The Christchurch Press, controversially published all 12 cartoons in the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, which have triggered international outrage.
5 February: Hundreds of NZ Muslims march in downtown Auckland in protest to the publication of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. Wikinews
5 February: NZ film director Lee Tamahori is arrested and formally charged with soliciting and unlawfully loitering on Hollywood's Santa Monica Boulevard, while dressed in drag.
6 February: The 166th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand's founding document, in 1840. This year the celebrations were peaceful, in contrast to other years where the day was the focus of protest by Māori activists. Wikinews
11 February: Tokelau began voting in a referendum to determine whether it remains a New Zealand territory, or becomes a state in free association with New Zealand.
12 February: The Royal New Zealand Navy's new 9000-tonne Multi-Role Vessel was launched in Rotterdam. The MRV is the largest of seven new ships ordered as part of "Project Protector".
14 February: Fisheries Minister Jim Anderton announced that a draft agreement had been reached with fishing companies to ban bottom trawling in 30 percent of New Zealand's exclusive economic zone. Anderton promised to support a global ban on bottom trawling if that appeared a practical option.
16 February: New Zealand all-rounder Chris Cairns, ONZM played his final international cricket match against the West Indies in a Twenty20 at Auckland's Eden Park.
16 February: Tokelau decides to remain a New Zealand territory after a referendum on independence. A 60 percent majority voted in favor of independence, but a two-thirds majority was required for the referendum to succeed.
20 February: Air New Zealand is set to lay off another 507 workers as it outsources its wide-body aircraft maintenance. A union proposal to save some of the jobs failed to win a worker vote.
22 February: C4 aired the controversial South Park episode "Bloody Mary", which portrays a statue of the Virgin Mary menstruating, despite protests from religious groups.
23 February: Air New Zealand workers accepted a new employment package in a new vote. About 300 wide-body aircraft maintenance jobs will be saved in Auckland, although 200 will still be made redundant.
24 February:Air New Zealand announced that 470 corporate jobs, mostly in Auckland are to be axed over the next year.
March
6 March: Child Youth and Family is to merge with the Ministry of Social Development.
6 March: Fairfax purchases the New Zealand online auction site Trade Me for NZ$625 million.
7 March: The 2006 New Zealand census is held. For the first time, respondents had the option of completing their census form via the internet rather than by a printed form.
15 March: The 2006 Commonwealth Games opens in Melbourne. New Zealand is represented by 255 athletes, its largest team ever to a Commonwealth Games.
17 March: DoC starts an emergency evacuation of Raoul Island after one of the island's volcanoes erupts. One person is missing.
17 March: A report on Auckland traffic congestion suggests charges of $3–$6 for a vehicle to enter the Auckland isthmus, or a $10 surcharge on all parking in the CBD.
20 March: David Parker resigns as Attorney-General after publicity about an incorrect declaration he filed with the Companies Office. The following day he resigned from Cabinet.
25 March: Restaurant Brands, the franchise holder for KFC, Pizza Hut and Starbucks, have agreed to phase out youth rates. BP agreed to scrap youth rates earlier.
26 March: In the 2006 Commonwealth Games, New Zealand wins 31 medals, which puts it in 9th place. This is New Zealand's worst performance at a Commonwealth Games since 1982.
28 March: Farmers are unhappy with the new law that all dogs first registered after 1 July 2006 must be microchipped. They want farm dogs to be exempt, and have drawn a parallel to the Dog Tax War of 1898.
29 March: New Zealand's first reported case of ATM Card Skimming was found at BNZ New Lynn.
31 March: Assistant police commissioner Clinton Rickards and two former police officers are found not guilty of the alleged rape and sexual abuse of Louise Nicholas in Rotorua in the 1980s.
April
2 April: The Auckland City Council wins a Pigasus Award for granting $2500 to the Foundation For Spiritualist Mediums "to teach people to communicate with the dead".
3 April: It was announced that Judge Anand Satyanand has been appointed to succeed Dame Silvia Cartwright as The Queen's Governor-General of New Zealand. He will take up office on 4 August 2006.
6 April: The New Zealand Parliament passes an act making New Zealand Sign Language the third official language of New Zealand, alongside English and Māori.
6 April: Helen Clark and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao meet in Wellington and agree to aim for a Free Trade Agreement between New Zealand and China within two years.
7 April: Following acquittal of three men in the Louise Nicholas rape trial, pamphlets and emails about two of the defendants are widely circulated in defiance of previous court suppression orders.
10 April: Auckland rises to 5th place behind Zurich and Geneva in a survey of the world's top 55 cities for quality of life. Wellington places 12th.
19 April: The New Zealand Government is to send reinforcements to the Solomon Islands to support RAMSI following an outbreak of violence after the election of Snyder Rini as the new Prime Minister yesterday.
26 April: David Parker is cleared of any misconduct by the Companies Office. He was granted an exemption in 1999 from the rules he had fallen foul of. He is likely to be reinstated to the Cabinet next week.
27 April:The Electricity Commission has rejected Transpower's plan to build a line of power pylons from Auckland to Whakamaru. The plan had drawn protests from landowners along the route.
30 April: Following acquittal of three men in the Louise Nicholas rape trial, several hundred people marched up Queen Street, in support of Louise Nicholas.
May
1 May: Troubles continue at TVNZ, with leaked emails from Craig Boyce to Ian Fraser, referring to the Parliamentary select committee as "the bastards are our enemy".
3 May: The New Zealand Government announces that it will require Telecom to unbundle the local loop to provide "access to fast, competitively priced broadband internet".
13 May: The trawler Kotuku sinks in Foveaux Strait on the way back from muttonbirding. Of the nine people on board, including three generations of one family, only three survive. It is New Zealand's worst maritime disaster since the sinking of .
15 May: After 40 days of climbing, New Zealander Mark Inglis became the first double amputee to reach the summit of Mount Everest, the tallest mountain in the world.
16 May: Michael Ryan, a messenger for the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet is named as the government employee who leaked the information to Telecom that the government is planning to "unbundle the local loop".
17 May: An attempt by the Green Party to repeal part of a controversial dog microchipping law was voted down 61–60.
18 May: Finance Minister Michael Cullen delivers the 2006 Budget.
24 May: The week-long festivities celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Māori Queen's coronation have ended.
25 May: The three men acquitted of rape in the Louise Nicholas trial now face a new trial for alleged sexual offences against another woman in the mid-1980s.
June
3 June: The Green Party elects Russel Norman as its co-leader to replace Rod Donald.
6 June: The trial of Tim Selwyn for sedition begins in Auckland. Selwyn is the first New Zealander in over 80 years to be charged with sedition.
7 June: The Privy Council agrees to hear David Bain's appeal against his conviction for the murder of his family.
8 June: Tim Selwyn is found guilty of sedition.
8 June: New Zealand has won hosting rights for the 2010 World Rowing Championships, which will be held at Lake Karapiro.
10 June: The family of Richard Seddon remember his death 100 years ago.
10 June: A Yemeni man, linked to the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States, has been deported from New Zealand. It is only the second time that section 72 of the Immigration Act has been used to deport someone. Its use requires the consent of the Governor-General, and there is no right of appeal.
12 June: A blackout hits Auckland, lasting for several hours and affecting an estimated 700,000 people. The cause was found to be an earth wire which snapped off in high winds and fell across high-voltage transmission lines at a substation.
A severe storm lashed the country, bringing heavy snow to Otago and Canterbury Some isolated communities lose power for up to three weeks after the storm. Up to three feet of snow was recorded in inland Canterbury.
15 June: A free-to-air digital television service called Freeview will be launched in 2007. All viewers will require a set-top box, and some will need a satellite dish.
15 June: Junior doctors begin a five-day strike over working hours and conditions. Hospitals defer non-urgent surgery and outpatient treatments.
16 June: The Varroa bee mite has been found near Stoke. The mite arrived in New Zealand in 2000 and has been confined to the North Island until now.
18 June: The deaths of three-month-old twins Chris and Cru Kahui as a result of abuse injuries shocks the nation and dominates headlines for months.
21 June: Working dogs have been exempted from the dog microchipping legislation currently before Parliament.
27 June: Telecom announces it will voluntarily separate its business into two operating entities – Wholesale and Retail.
29 June: Development of the Kupe gas and oil field off the Taranaki coast will go ahead, with production beginning in 2009.
30 June: Tame Iti is sentenced to pay $300 and court costs for shooting the New Zealand Flag.
July
2 July: The Intellectual Property Office has turned down an application by Ngāti Toa to trademark Ka Mate, the haka used by the All Blacks.
3 July: Police Minister Annette King and Police Commissioner Howard Broad both deny that New Zealand Police have quotas for speeding tickets after a memo about such quotas is leaked.
4 July:An Italian Fiat advert draws criticism from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade for having women perform the haka.
10 July: Labour List MP Jim Sutton announces he is leaving politics on 1 August 2006. He will be replaced by the next member of the Labour Party list, Charles Chauvel.
11 July: Te Atairangi Kaahu, the Māori Queen, is taken to Waikato Hospital's intensive care unit after a possible heart attack and kidney failure.
18 July: Tim Selwyn is sentenced to 2 months imprisonment for sedition in Auckland. He is also sentenced to a further 15 months for other offenses.
18 July: Former Cabinet Minister Taito Phillip Field is cleared of any conflict of interest by an inquiry into allegations he had used his position for material gain, but his judgement was criticised.
25 July: The Overlander rail passenger service will be withdrawn at the end of September, thus ending the last passenger service operating between Auckland and Wellington.
31 July: New smaller and lighter coins are introduced in denominations of 10c, 20c, and 50c.
August
10 August: Origin Pacific Airways suspends passenger operations and lays off most of its staff. Freight operations will continue.
15 August: Māori Queen Dame Te Atairangi Kaahu dies after a long illness.
19 August: The All Blacks win the 2006 rugby union Tri Nations series.
21 August: Tuheitia Paki, the eldest son of Dame Te Atairangikaahu, is selected as the new Māori King.
23 August: Anand Satyanand is sworn in as the new Governor-General of New Zealand.
25 August An industrial dispute between supermarket company Progressive Enterprises and employees in the EPMU and NDU begins and lasts until 21 September
28 August: Helen Clark suggests that Taito Phillip Field should reconsider his future as an MP, after fresh allegations are made against him.
September
2 September: Natural gas supplies were cut to about 1000 central Wellington businesses for four days, after water entered Powerco's gas mains.
7 September: Four mayors in the Auckland Region meet with Helen Clark to discuss the possibility of amalgamating their city councils to a single body.
10 September: Tonga's King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV dies in Auckland.
13 September: Don Brash takes leave to sort out marital problems amidst rumours he had an affair.
14 September: Stephen Tindall announces his intention of buying out the other shareholders in the retail chain he founded, The Warehouse. Tindall currently has a controlling share in the company.
18 September: The Prime Minister's husband Peter Davis is accused of being gay, after a picture is published of him kissing another man. Both Davis and Clark deny the claim; the picture later turns out to be a still from election night coverage. See also:Investigate.
21 September: The dispute between supermarket company Progressive Enterprises and over 500 employees is resolved after 28 days.
25 September: Shares in carpet maker Feltex are suspended on the New Zealand Exchange after the company is placed in receivership on 22 September.
26 September: Brian Connell is suspended from the National Party caucus.
27 September: Bacardi offers NZ$138 million to buy the New Zealand alcoholic drink company 42 Below.
28 September: Dunedin's Logan Park High School is threatened by a large forest fire in a plantation bordering the school.
28 September: The Overlander train between Auckland and Wellington, due to be withdrawn at the end of the month, is to continue, but on a reduced schedule.
29 September: The Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand votes to confirm a ban on people in de facto or gay relationships from becoming leaders in the Church.
30 September: The New Zealand Government apologises to the Te Arawa iwi over Treaty of Waitangi grievances, and returns 500 square kilometres of Crown land and 19 areas of special significance to it.
October
1 October: The Wearable Art Parade is held in central Wellington.
3 October: The Christian Heritage Party announces that it is disbanding.
8 October: Fisheries officers' request to be allowed to carry batons and pepper spray is denied by Minister Jim Anderton.
18 October: Awards ceremony for the New Zealand Music Awards (the Tuis).
26 October: The father of Chris and Cru Kahui is charged with their murder in June
31 October: The five-cent coin, and the larger pre-2006 ten-cent, twenty-cent, and fifty-cent coins are withdrawn from circulation and demonetised.
November
11 November: New Zealand War Memorial opened in Hyde Park, London
Icebergs are sighted within 100 km of the New Zealand coastline.
National Party leader Don Brash resigns.
John Key appointed leader of the National Party, with Bill English as deputy.
December
4 December: The Copyright (New Technologies and Performers' Rights) Amendment Bill, is introduced to update copyright laws due to the development and adoption of new technologies.
16 December: Three children are killed when a cliff collapses on them at a riverside picnic ground in the Manawatu region.
16 December: Nine experienced New Zealand fire-fighters are injured, one seriously, as they fought Bushfires in Victoria, Australia.
22 December: The Government announces changes to the regulations governing the sale of consumer fireworks. Sales will now be restricted to 3 (previously 10) days of the year – 3–5 November and the age limit for purchase has been raised from 16 to 18.
28 December – The contentious Wellington Inner city bypass opens
31 December: The 2006 road toll provisionally stands at 387, the lowest figure since 1963
See also Current events in Oceania
Arts and literature
Awards
Catherine Chidgey and Dianne Ruth Pettis win the Robert Burns Fellowship.
Performing arts
Benny Award presented by the Variety Artists Club of New Zealand to Alan Watson.
Television
8 February: SKY Network Television purchases Prime. SKY broadcasts delayed sports events for the first time on Prime.
4 December: Susan Wood resigns as a presenter for Television New Zealand due to continuing health concerns.
Film
No. 2
Perfect Creature
Sione's Wedding
Out of the Blue
Internet
March – the sale of New Zealand's busiest web site, Trade Me Ltd. to the Fairfax group for $NZ700 million is announced.
October – Vodafone New Zealand purchases ISP ihug for NZ$41 million from iiNet.
Sport
Athletics
Dale Warrender wins his second national title in the men's marathon, clocking 2:17:43 on 29 October in Auckland, while Tracey Clissold claims her second as well in the women's championship (2:50:47).
Basketball
Women’s National Basketball League was won by Auckland, who beat North Harbour 75–74 in the final.
National Basketball League was won by the Hawkes Bay Hawks, who beat the Auckland Stars 84-69
Commonwealth Games
Cricket
The Black Caps defeat the West Indies 4–1 in a series of One-day Internationals during February.
Horse racing
Harness racing
New Zealand Trotting Cup: Flashing Red
Auckland Trotting Cup: Mi Muchacho
Mountain biking
August – UCI Mountain Bike World Cup is held in Rotorua
Olympic Games
New Zealand sends 18 competitors across five sports, its largest ever team to a Winter Olympics.
Paralympic Games
New Zealand sends a team of two competitors in one sport.
Rugby league
Bartercard Cup won by the Auckland Lions
Rugby union
New Zealand (All Blacks) retained the Tri Nations and Bledisloe Cup. Only losing one match to South Africa.
North Harbour wins the Ranfurly Shield from Canterbury 21–17 at Jade Stadium
The All Blacks convincingly won all four tests in their end-of-season tour of England, France and Wales.
Rowing
Mahé Drysdale defends his gold medal at the World Championships in August
Shooting
Ballinger Belt – Brian Carter (Te Puke)
Soccer
The Chatham Cup is won by Western Suburbs FC (Wellington) who beat Eastern Suburbs (Auckland) 0–0 in the final (3-0 on penalties).
Births
20 August – More Joyous, Thoroughbred racehorse
14 September – Katie Lee, Thoroughbred racehorse
7 October – Military Move, Thoroughbred racehorse
3 November – Ambitious Dragon, Thoroughbred racehorse
5 November – Little Bridge, Thoroughbred racehorse
10 November – So You Think, Thoroughbred racehorse
Exact date unlisted
Lucy Gray, climate change activist
Deaths
January
4 January – Bob White, politician (born 1914)
19 January – Geoff Rabone, cricketer (born 1921)
21 January – Leslie Butler, cricketer (born 1934)
22 January – Gwenethe Walshe, ballroom dancer and dance teacher (born 1908)
February
1 February
Bryce Harland, diplomat (born 1931)
Rona Tong, athlete (born 1910)
19 February – Wi Kuki Kaa, actor (born 1938)
22 February – Bob McDonald, lawn bowls player (born 1933)
28 February – Peter Snow, doctor who discovered "Tapanui flu" (born 1935)
March
5 March – Peter Malone, veterinary surgeon and politician, mayor of Nelson (1980–92) (born 1924)
8 March – Sir Brian Barratt-Boyes, heart surgeon (born 1924)
18 March – Brede Arkless, mountaineer (born 1939)
22 March – Bev Brewis, athlete (born 1930)
24 March – Mirosław Złotkowski, wrestler (born 1956)
April
4 April – Trevor Moffitt, artist (born 1936)
5 April – Tom McNab, association football player (born 1933)
17 April – Gordon Bromley, long-distance runner (born 1916)
21 April – Johnny Checketts, World War II flying ace (born 1912)
May
11 May – Bob Duff, rugby union player, local-body politician (born 1925)
16 May – Anthony Murray, rugby league player and coach (born 1958)
26 May – Anne Delamere, public servant (born 1921)
30 May – David Lloyd, botanist (born 1937)
June
2 June – Kitione Lave, boxer (born 1934)
4 June – Vic Belsham, rugby league player and referee (born 1925)
11 June – Neroli Fairhall, archer, first paraplegic to compete in the Olympic Games (born 1944)
12 June – Nicky Barr, rugby union player and World War II flying ace (born 1915)
13 June – Barry Thompson, rugby union player (born 1947)
15 June – Herb Pearson, cricketer (born 1910)
26 June – Bubbles Mihinui, tourist guide, community leader (born 1919)
July
5 July – Kevin Herlihy, softball player (born 1947)
7 July – John Money, psychologist and sexologist (born 1921)
17 July – Roy Cowan, potter, illustrator, printmaker (born 1918)
21 July – Tony George, weightlifter (born 1919)
22 July
Ian Burrows, soldier (born 1930)
Erenora Puketapu-Hetet, tohunga raranga (born 1941)
25 July – Cis Winstanley, lawn bowls player (born 1908)
28 July – Nigel Cox, author and museum director (born 1951)
29 July – Harry Hawthorn, anthropology academic and museum curator (born 1910)
August
9 August – Colin Dickinson, cyclist (born 1931)
15 August – Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu, the Māori queen (born 1931)
18 August – Jotham Pellew, wrestler (born 1978)
23 August – Jack Ridley, civil engineer and politician (born 1919)
25 August – Roy Geddes, physical biochemistry academic (born 1940)
29 August – John Scandrett, cricketer (born 1915)
30 August – Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon, jurist (born 1926)
September
4 September – Ron Stone, association football player (born 1913)
10 September – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, king of Tonga (born 1918)
11 September – Nancy Borlase, artist (born 1914)
19 September – Sir Hugh Kāwharu, Māori leader and anthropology academic (born 1927)
23 September – Joan Hart, athlete (born 1925)
24 September – Joan Hatcher, cricketer (born 1923)
29 September – Walter Hadlee, cricket player and administrator (born 1915)
October
2 October – Brian Fitzpatrick, rugby union player (born 1931)
8 October – Mark Porter, motor racing driver (born 1974)
14 October – Peter Munz, philosopher and historian (born 1921)
November
2 November – Derek Turnbull, athlete (born 1926)
14 November – Owen Truelove, glider pilot (born 1937)
16 November – John Dougan, rugby union player (born 1946)
18 November – Charles Luney, construction company director (born 1905)
December
6 December – John Feeney, documentary film director (born 1922)
8 December – Jim McCormick, rugby union player (born 1923)
10 December – Willow Macky, songwriter (born 1921)
22 December – Winifred Lawrence, swimmer (born 1920)
23 December – Graham May, weightlifter (born 1952)
29 December – Tom Lynch, rugby union and rugby league player (born 1927)
Births to deaths
20 March to 18 June – Cris and Cru Kahui
See also
List of years in New Zealand
Timeline of New Zealand history
History of New Zealand
Military history of New Zealand
Timeline of the New Zealand environment
Timeline of New Zealand's links with Antarctica
References
External links
2006 by country
2006 in Oceania
Years of the 21st century in New Zealand
2000s in New Zealand |
4009326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throwing%20%28cricket%29 | Throwing (cricket) | In the sport of cricket, throwing, commonly referred to as chucking, is an illegal bowling action which occurs when a bowler straightens the bowling arm when delivering the ball. Throws are not allowed. The Laws of Cricket specify that only the rotation of the shoulder can be used to impart velocity to the ball – a bowler's arm must not extend during the bowling action. If the umpire deems that the ball has been thrown, they will call a no-ball which means the batsman cannot be given out from that delivery.
After biomechanical testing showed that all bowlers flex their extended arms to some degree, rules were changed. Current regulations of the International Cricket Council (ICC) set a limit of 15 degrees of permissible straightening of the elbow joint for all bowlers in international cricket. This law applies between the point at which the bowling arm passes above shoulder height and the point at which the ball is released. The limit is to allow only the natural flexing of the elbow joint which happens during the course of legal delivery.
The charge of 'throwing' against a bowler is one of the most serious and controversial that can be made in cricket, as a bowler with an illegal action must take steps to correct their action or face effectively being banned from the game.
Overview
Law 24, Clause 3 defines a fair delivery with respect to the arm:
History
Before the advent of developed biomechanical and audiovisual technology, Law 24 Clause 3 was implemented by the field umpires, who judged a delivery as illegal or "thrown" on visual judgement alone. The law against throwing has not changed in its essence since overarm bowling was legalised in 1864.
1800s
Tom Wills, Australia's most revered cricketer of the mid-19th century, was also its most controversial and he was often accused of (and admitted to) throwing. Many of his contemporaries recalled his trickery: "[Wills] used to say to the umpire, 'Just look at my feet, will you; I have a bad habit now and then of going over the crease.' The umpire would look at Tom's feet, and Tom would let go a throw for all he was worth." In 1872 Wills became the first cricketer to be called for throwing in a major Australian match, effectively ending his first-class career.
In the early 1880s there were a number of bowlers who were widely considered to have unfair actions, with the Lancashire pair of Jack Crossland and George Nash coming in for particular criticism. After playing for Kent against Lancashire in 1885, when he faced the bowling of Crossland and Nash, Lord Harris decided to take action. He persuaded the Kent committee to cancel the return fixture. Later that season, Crossland was found to have broken his residential qualification for Lancashire by living in Nottinghamshire and Nash dropped out of the side. Thus the two counties resumed playing each other the following season. Harris's Wisden obituarist wrote: "there can be no doubt the action of Lord Harris, even if it did not entirely remove the throwing evil, had a very healthy effect on the game."
Sydney Pardon, the editor of Wisden, accused quick bowler Ernest Jones of throwing during Australia's tour of England in 1896 but it was left to an Australian umpire, Jim Phillips, to "call" Jones for throwing in the Melbourne Test in 1897. The same umpire ended the great C. B. Fry's bowling career by calling him for throwing. Pardon considered the end of the career of the famous Corinthian bowler "a case of long-delayed justice".
Phillips went on to call Lancashire and England fast bowler Arthur Mold in 1900 and 1901, all but ending his productive career. Mold took 1,673 wickets in first-class cricket at only 15.54 apiece, bowling at high pace with a sharp 'break back' from just a four pace run up, but his bowling had always attracted as much controversy as praise. He took 192 wickets in 1895 and was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1892 but he left the first-class scene after the 1901 season and Phillips' intervention.
Early 1900s
The Australian aboriginal fast bowler Eddie Gilbert was another fast bowler who generated extreme pace from a remarkably short run. Standing tall and in weight he took wickets at a prodigious rate in the late 1920s in Queensland club cricket. He was chosen for Queensland against New South Wales Colts in 1930 and took 6 wickets but the Brisbane Courier's correspondent "Long On" was moved to describe his whipped catapult action as "almost a throw". He was picked for Queensland's Sheffield Shield side and bowled with great success. Queensland selectors responded to complaints from New South Wales by filming his arm action in slow motion but took no action against him. His most famous spell came against Don Bradman on 6 November 1931. He dismissed the NSW opener with his first ball, a vicious bouncer, then knocked Bradman's bat out of his hands with the next. The next delivery knocked Bradman over and the third had him caught behind. A month later, playing against Victoria, he was repeatedly called for throwing. He played on for Queensland, bowling at a reduced pace, and in 1934–35 headed the Queensland averages. He was a victim of legislation outlawing intimidatory bowling, in the wake of the Bodyline affair and retired in 1936, having taken 87 first-class wickets at 29.21. He later suffered from mental illness.
1950s
An epidemic of throwing plagued cricket in the 1950s. Umpire Frank Chester wanted to no-ball the South African Cuan McCarthy for throwing in 1951 but was blocked by the authorities at Lords, Plum Warner commenting diplomatically "These people are our guests".
Surrey and England left-arm spinner Tony Lock was generally thought to throw his dangerous faster ball; on one occasion Doug Insole inquired if he had been 'bowled or run out' after Lock had shattered his stumps. He was in fact called for throwing in county cricket early in his career, and is said to have cleaned up his action towards the end of his career after seeing a bowler on video, commenting on how poor the bowler's action was and being shocked to discover it was himself.
Left-arm paceman Ian Meckiff helped Australia to regain the Ashes in 1958–59 but feelings ran high in the England team and press that Meckiff and others had bowled outside the laws and spirit of the game. (Meckiff was also alleged – along with several other Australia bowlers – to be breaking the spirit of the no-ball law by "dragging" – grounding the back foot behind the bowling crease, thus making the delivery legal, but dragging it through so that it was considerably in front of the crease before the front foot landed, thus bowling from illegally close to the batsman. Following arguments over this, the no-ball law was changed to rely on the bowler's front foot being grounded behind the popping crease, rather than the back foot being grounded behind the bowling crease.) Elder statesmen on both sides, including Gubby Allen and Don Bradman, resolved to clear the air before Australia's tour of England in 1961. In 1963–64, Meckiff was called by Colin Egar in the First Test against South Africa in Brisbane, ending his career.
Twenty-one-year-old South African Geoff Griffin, who had already been called when playing for Natal, was called in May 1960 while playing against MCC at Lords and his test career was ended by umpire Frank Lee who called him four times during the Second Test. Remarkably he claimed a hat trick during the test but South Africa lost by an innings, prompting an exhibition match to be staged as the Queen was due to visit the ground. Griffin was called by umpire Syd Buller, ending an over bowling underarm when he was no-balled again for not informing the umpire of a change of action.
West Indian fast bowler Charlie Griffith, perhaps the most feared fast bowler of his generation, was often suspected of throwing his faster ball although he was not called in Test matches and the promising career of Derbyshire's Harold Rhodes was stunted by constant speculation about the legality of his action. He was 'called' while playing against the South African tourists in 1960 by Paul Gibb but though he was eventually cleared and played on with great success for Derbyshire through the decade, he played just twice for England.
1990s
In more recent times bowlers such as England's James Kirtley, Australia's Brett Lee and Pakistan's Shoaib Akhtar and Shabbir Ahmed have come under scrutiny to varying degrees.
Muttiah Muralitharan, one of the modern era's most celebrated exponents of spin bowling was dogged by controversy over his bowling action for much of his international career. From his debut for Sri Lanka he was under scrutiny from umpires due to an unusual hyperextension of his congenitally bent arm during delivery. Despite initial criticism, the first occasion when his action became a real issue was when Australian umpire Darrell Hair called him for throwing during the Boxing Day Test in Melbourne, 1995. Hair publicly stated that he would not hesitate to call Murali for throwing again, given the opportunity and considered his bowling action "diabolical". The inability of cricket's officials to agree on the legality of Muralitharan's action and the reluctance of other umpires to call him for throwing meant Hair was isolated and was later excluded from officiating in matches involving Sri Lanka. Subsequent bio-mechanical tests exonerated Muralitharan's action, showing that he did not extend his arm any more than many other bowlers with legal actions. This testing never completely cleared his action in the eyes of his critics, who claim the extension of the arm differs between bowling in testing and in games and also when he bowls particular deliveries. During testing at the University of Western Australia several independent witnesses, including former cricketer Bruce Yardley, were present to ensure Muralitharan bowled as he would in match conditions.
Since the mid-1990s when Pakistani off-spinner Saqlain Mushtaq pioneered the doosra, off spinners who have bowled with a non-classical action that can produce this delivery have routinely been reported and investigated for throwing. Such bowlers include Harbhajan Singh, Shoaib Malik, Marlon Samuels, Mohammad Hafeez, Saeed Ajmal, Johan Botha, Shane Shillingford and Moeen Ali; Ali, at least, although never actually banned from bowling, has stopped attempting to bowl the doosra and now bowls classical off-spin. Saqlain is one of the few bowlers of the doosra whose action has never been called into question, although he was regularly no-balled for the more conventional sin of overstepping the crease.
Biomechanics and modifications to the throwing laws
Testing conducted in the 1990s in England revealed that during a delivery virtually all bowlers flex and extend their arms naturally to some degree as it rotates around the shoulder. This testing revealed that the strict Laws of Cricket which banned any flexing of the arm were impossible to follow.
A set of tiered tolerance thresholds for the amount of allowable elbow extension, or straightening, were implemented: 10 degrees for fast bowlers, 7.5 degrees for medium pacers, and 5 degrees for spin bowlers. Enforcing these new measures proved problematic, as the laboratory based measurement systems used had a margin of error of at least 1 degree, and video based measurement systems were likely to have more, especially if inappropriately executed.
A later study from 2000 to 2003 showed that bowling actions that looked normal to the naked eye in many of the world's elite fast bowlers had, on average, 9 degrees of elbow extension during the bowling action. Some recorded elbow extension measuring between 10 and 15 degrees, yet none of these bowlers had ever had a problem regarding the legality of their bowling action. This testing showed that a zero tolerance threshold, and the tiered thresholds implemented in the late 1990s, had no or little scientific merit. The study, conducted by the Australian Institute of Sport Biomechanics department, led by cricket biomechanist Dr. Marc Portus, involved taking three-dimensional video based biomechanical analyses during tour, test and one-day international matches in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. Results from this work indicated that video based measurement error in such a scenario, using best practice methodologies, was 3 degrees. This report was submitted to the ICC in 2003, which instigated the review of the illegal action definition and processes.
Subsequent to this the ICC received data from laboratory based analyses, on the basis that these measurement environments are more controlled, involving more sophisticated measurement technologies such as the Vicon Motion Analysis system. These were subject to less measurement error. Data was provided by the Australian Institute of Sport, the University of Western Australia and the Motion Analysis Corporation system from the University of Auckland. The ICC also carried out further video based three-dimensional analyses on all bowlers during the 2004 Champions Trophy in England. Regardless of the biomechanical measurement protocol used, a strikingly similar pattern emerged: the normal biomechanics of cricket bowling, whether it be spin or pace, features an element of elbow extension. The average extension of a normal, seemingly legal delivery was 8–10 degrees for all bowler types. There were virtually zero instances of no elbow extension at all in accordance with the original laws.
The ICC formed an expert panel comprising biomechanists Professor Bruce Elliott of The University of Western Australia, Dr Marc Portus of the Australian Institute of Sport and Dr Paul Hurrion from the UK who presented during a forum of a special ICC cricket sub-committee for illegal bowling actions in late 2003 in Dubai. The sub-committee was David Richardson, Angus Fraser, Aravinda De Silva, Michael Holding, Tony Lewis and Tim May. After this meeting the ICC decided to raise the elbow extension tolerance threshold to 15 degrees for all bowlers.
The new 15-degree limit was chosen after considering biomechanical findings from 130 pace and spin bowlers, the scientific issues with measurement, and that bowling actions considered to be "throw-like", or illegal, were usually measured to be well above 15 degrees of elbow extension, often in the 20 to 30-degree range.
Process once a bowler is reported
If an umpire or match official deems that a bowler is contravening law 24.3, they detail this in the match report which is passed on the match referee. Within 24 hours of the conclusion of the match, the match referee provides the team manager and the ICC with a copy of the match report. A media statement is also issued that the player has been reported.
The first step in this process is an independent review of the player's bowling action which is carried out by a member of the ICC panel of human movement specialists, who will furnish the ICC with their report. If this report concludes that the player does have an illegal action, they are immediately suspended from all international cricket until they have remedied their action. If however, only a particular delivery is illegal, they can continue to bowl in international cricket provided they do not use the delivery in question until it has been remedied. Throughout the period of this independent assessment, the player can continue to bowl in international cricket.
If the player does not agree with the report, they can seek a hearing from a bowling review group made up of experts appointed by the ICC. This group will review evidence and decide, by a simple majority vote, on the legality of the player's action. If the player is cleared the suspension will be lifted immediately. A player who has been suspended from international cricket can continue to play domestic cricket under the supervision of his cricket Board. A player who has been suspended can at any time apply for a reassessment of their action. This usually happens after the player has completed a period of remedial work on their action. This reassessment is carried out in the same manner as the independent review. If the review concludes that the player has remedied their action the suspension will be lifted with immediate effect and they can start bowling in international cricket.
If the player is reported and suspended a second time within two years of his last report, he is automatically suspended for a period of one year before they can apply for a reassessment of their action. This event usually ends up effectively terminating a player's international career.
Intentional throwing
In general, although players with suspect actions now tend to be reported for investigations rather than suffering a public trial in front of spectators by being no-balled, umpires still have the right to call bowlers on the field if necessary. Such a case might occur when a bowler decides to deliberately and obviously throw the odd ball in a manner akin to a javelin throw as a surprise. Such cases have occurred throughout history of a bowler whose general action is not of concern but for whatever reason has appeared to deliberately throw a ball with a vastly different action. The Australian Test bowler Laurie Nash was once no-balled in such circumstances in the 1930s, with the journalists present opining that he had deliberately thrown the ball. The same was also true of David Gower (normally a batsman, and only a very occasional bowler) in the 1986 Eng/NZ Test at Trent Bridge: with New Zealand needing just one run to win with eight wickets in hand, rather than leaving the job of conceding the final run to a specialist bowler, Gower was brought on to bowl, and threw it with a fairly blatant illegal action (he normally bowled legally on the rare occasions that he bowled), conceding a no-ball for throwing. The batsman smacked the ball to the boundary anyway, and the four runs were awarded (in those days, if runs were scored from the bat off a no-ball, these were considered to replace the normal penalty run for a no-ball: the law has subsequently changed so that the penalty run is additional to any runs scored), leaving Gower with an unusual bowling analysis of conceding 4 runs from, technically, zero deliveries.
Hyperextension
In a report by scientists commissioned by the ICC it was shown that Pakistani bowler Shoaib Akhtar and Indian bowler R. P. Singh were seen to extend their elbow joints by a negative angle with respect to the upper arm. This phenomenon, also known as hyperextension, can give the illusion of throwing. In the report it was seen that R. P. Singh maintained this negative angle throughout his delivery stride, while Akhtar sometimes bowled a quicker delivery by flexing this hyperextension. These actions are not considered to be chucking as they are due to the distinctive architecture of their elbows, possibly a congenital condition. Since these cricketers have no control over this hyperextension, any degree of hyperextension (past zero) is not included in the 15-degree extension tolerance threshold.
See also
Bowling (cricket)
Bowling action
List of international cricketers called for throwing
References
External links
Illegal bowling actions: FAQs
Bowling (cricket)
Cricket controversies
Cricket laws and regulations
Banned sports tactics |
4009372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tollebeek | Tollebeek | Tollebeek is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and is approximately 90 kilometres north east of Amsterdam.
Tollebeek is one of ten villages in the Noordoostpolder (literally: North East Polder) which was reclaimed from the Zuiderzee (now: IJsselmeer) in the 1930s and 1940s as part of a huge project known as the 'Zuiderzeewerken' ('Zuiderzee works') to create new land to accommodate growing need for farmland and new urban areas in the already densely populated country.
After the Noordoostpolder was formed in the early 1940s, new villages were constructed, including Tollebeek (being constructed last). It is situated in the south-western part of the polder, in the middle of a large agricultural area, between Emmeloord and Urk which used to be an island in the old Zuiderzee.
Tollebeek was established in 1956 as the last of the Noordoostpolder villages.
As of the first of January 2020 Tollebeek has 2460 inhabitants. Tollebeek is growing a lot due to new residential areas in the past 20 years. The village has grown significantly since the start of this century.
Tollebeek has a thriving community culture, with several sports, arts and youth clubs. There are two churches (Roman Catholic and Protestant), two primary schools, a restaurant, two fast food bars and a small supermarket.
Transportation
The nearest railway stations to Tollebeek are in Lelystad and Kampen, both approximately 30km from Tollebeek. There is a bus service that goes to Urk and Emmeloord. The village can be reached by car via the A6 motorway from Almere and Lelystad. It is about a one-hour drive from Amsterdam.
Sports
Tollebeek has a football club named VV Tollebeek . Since 2000, the first team were twice a champion, in the season 2001/2002 and 2010/2011. Tollebeek also has a tennis club with a tennis field, an ice skating club and multiple other sports.
Gallery
References
External links
Official site (in Dutch)
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
1956 establishments in the Netherlands |
4009378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti-Hua%20Chang | Ti-Hua Chang | Ti-Hua Chang (born New York City) is an American reporter. A Chinese American, he is a broadcast journalist based in New York City since 1989. He was the climate change investigative reporter for TYT Investigates.
He has been an investigative reporter for numerous news outlets in the New York City region and at the national level. He has been a freelance correspondent for CBS Evening News. In 2008, he joined WWOR/MY9 as a general assignment reporter. A year later, he served as a general assignment and investigative reporter for WNYW, the FOX affiliate in New York. Before joining WCBS in 2005, Chang worked as a general assignment/investigative TV reporter at WNBC-TV. Prior to that, he was the host of his own talk show, New York Hotline on WNYC-TV. Chang also worked as an investigative producer at ABC News and as a reporter at WLOX in Biloxi, Mississippi, KYW-TV in Philadelphia, KUSA in Denver and WJBK in Detroit.
Chang is a native New Yorker, and grew up on the Upper West Side. He has a bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania and a Master's degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism (1977).
In 1996, Chang won the George Foster Peabody Award for his news documentary “Passport to Kill”. The series of reports tracked suspected killers of children and cops who fled to the Dominican Republic, where they were protected by outdated extradition laws. The laws were changed. In 2006. He won an Edward R. Murrow Award for a story on police using high-tech equipment to spy on an amorous couple. As a producer with ABC Primetime Live, his work contributed to the jailing of Byron De la Beckwith, the assassin of civil rights leader Medgar Evers, 29 years after the murder.
Chang is also the recipient of five Emmys, Press Association awards in Philadelphia, Denver, Detroit and New York, AP and UPI awards, and Asian American Journalists Association (AAJA) and National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) awards including a Lifetime Achievement Award from AAJA. An active figure in the Asian American community, he has previously served both on the national and local New York Board of Directors for the AAJA. Chang's writing has been published in the New York Times, the Detroit Free Press and the Detroit News.
In 2004 he was given an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree from New York City College of Technology.
In 2002, he married fashion designer Elaine Huie. Chang is a practitioner of Brazilian jiu-jitsu at Renzo Gracies in New York City.
On March 9, 2020, he joined The Young Turks network as an investigative climate reporter.
References
Writers from Manhattan
People from the Upper West Side
American television journalists
New York (state) television reporters
American journalists of Chinese descent
1950 births
Living people
American male journalists
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
The Young Turks people |
4009383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Matney | Robert Matney | Robert Matney (born 1976) in Dallas, Texas, is VP of Strategic Partnerships at Yonder at Yonder (company). He has worked as a social media analyst and practitioner, web developer, actor (stage, voice), theater director, and currently living in Austin, Texas. Matney is co-producing artistic director of Breaking String Theater and the technology designer at the Hidden Room Theatre . He has spoken at SXSW every year since 2011 with the Hidden Room and Look Left Look Right about their work on Skype theatre and linking actors and audience using technology. Matney graduated from The University of Texas in 1998 with a degree in philosophy and having studied Shakespeare-in-Performance at the Shakespeare at Winedale program.
Career
Technology Designer
Matney was the Hidden Room Theatre's technology designer for "You Wouldn't Know Her, She Lives in London / You Wouldn't Know Him, He Lives in Texas." Jo Caird from London's What's On Stage said the show should be "applauded for their attempt to explore this new territory," and that "theatre has only to gain from this type of innovation." Matney designed the technology that linked theatres from Austin and Moscow for the New Russian Drama Festival via video teleconferencing technology. He spoke about his efforts to join theatres through this method at SXSW Interactive in 2011. Matney spoke in 2011 on innovations in this field at the Hybrid Arts Summit for the Fusebox Festival in Austin Texas.
Theatre/Film/Television
Anime
Birth (anime) (OAV) as Inorganic Biker #1
Magical Play (ONA)
Petite Princess Yucie (TV) as Gunbard
Getbackers
Video Games
DC Universe Online as Doctor Psycho
Stage Roles
A Most Unsettling and Possibly Haunted Evening In the Parlour of the Brothers Grimm as Wilhelm Grimm, The Hidden Room Theatre, October 2010
Web Development
Matney joined Polycot Associates as web project manager in 2011, managing the development of websites and web applications. He worked with the rest of the team on the company's conversion to a worker-owned and -managed cooperative. Matney also took responsibility for business development, which included participation with an Austin chapter of BNI (organization). He spent seven years with Polycot Associates before he joined Yonder (company).
Government Affairs
Matney has worked for Yonder (company) since November 2018, and is currently Managing Director of Public Affairs. The company was originally called New Knowledge, and was known for its role in developing the authoritative report on Russian influence operations targeting US elections from 2015 forward for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI). The report leveraged data from Alphabet (Google), Twitter, and Facebook. In his role at Yonder, Matney has become a thought leader in disinformation analysis, online authenticity, and the influence mechanics of the internet.
References
External links
American male voice actors
American male stage actors
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
Living people
1976 births |
4009387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyndi%20Williams | Cyndi Williams | Cyndi Lou Williams is an American voice actress and script writer. She has mainly appeared in anime series by ADV Films. She was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Actress for her performance in Kyle Henry's film, Room (2005), which was nominated for the Cassavetes Award.
Filmography
Anime roles
Birth - Mu-nyo, Nam’s Ostrich
Magical Play - Sister Rose
Petite Princess Yucie - Ercell
Rurouni Kenshin: Reminiscence - Women
Sakura Diaries - Alica, Touma's Mother
Variable Geo - Miranda Johana
Wedding Peach - Cloud, Nocturne, Butterfly
Video games
DC Universe Online - Poison Ivy, Queen Bee, Additional Voices
Script writer
Maburaho
Happy Lesson
Science Ninja Team Gatchaman (2005 ADV Dub)
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses |
4009402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Alexander%20Morgan | William Alexander Morgan | William Alexander Morgan (April 19, 1928 – March 11, 1961) was a United States citizen who fought in the Cuban Revolution, leading a band of rebels that drove the Cuban army from key positions in the central mountains as part of Second National Front of Escambray, thereby helping to pave the way for Fidel Castro's forces to secure victory. Morgan was one of about two dozen U.S. citizens to fight in the revolution and one of only three foreign nationals to hold the rank of comandante in the rebel forces. In the years after the revolution, Morgan became disenchanted with Castro's turn to communism and he became one of the leaders of the CIA-supplied Escambray rebellion. In 1961, he was arrested by the Cuban government and, after a military trial, executed by firing squad in the presence of Fidel and Raul Castro.
Life before Cuba
Morgan was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Alexander Morgan and German-American Loretta Morgan (née Ruderth). Raised in an affluent Toledo neighborhood, he dropped out of high school and was often in trouble with the law.<ref name=sallah>Micheal Sallah, "The Yankee Comandante," The Toledo Blade", March 3-4-5, 2002</ref> Morgan joined the United States Army after World War II and married Darlene Edgerton in 1946. The marriage was annulled after a year and a half. He was stationed with Company B, 35th Infantry Regiment, in Japan, where he fathered a son with a German-Japanese hostess named Setsuko Takeda. He went AWOL, was arrested, and escaped from custody by overpowering a guard. Recaptured, he was court-martialed in 1948, received a dishonorable discharge, and spent over two years in a federal prison.
He is said to have been skilled with firearms and was rumored to have been a Central Intelligence Agency operative, though there are no public records or witness interviews to support the claim. After his discharge from the Army, Morgan apparently also worked for a local crime syndicate.
On May 11, 1954, Morgan married Ellen Theresa May Bethel, a snake charmer, in Miami. They had two children, Anne Marie (1955) and William A. Morgan Jr. (1957).
Cuban Revolution
Opposed to the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista, Morgan left behind his wife and children and went to Cuba in 1957, joining a guerrilla force of the Second National Front of the Escambray (Segundo Frente Nacional de Escambray or SFNE) that operated against Batista's soldiers in the Escambray Mountains in central Cuba.
After distinguishing himself in a series of battles, he was promoted to the rank of comandante, leading his own column. In 1958, he wrote a statement that appeared in the New York Times to explain his participation in Castro's revolution, "Why I Am Here". It said in part:
In December 1958, Che Guevara joined forces with Morgan's group and the Directorio Revolucionario Estudantil guerrillas of the Escambray mountains. Together they captured the city of Santa Clara on December 31. Twelve hours later, Batista fled Cuba. Morgan and his men occupied the city of Cienfuegos on January 1–2, 1959.
In January 1959, he told a reporter that "all I'm interested in is settling down to a nice peaceful existence" but worried how U.S. authorities would respond to his military activities in Cuba. In March 1959, officials of the U.S. embassy in Havana warned Americans that participation in foreign military service could jeopardize their citizenship.
In August 1959, Morgan gained international attention when he helped smash a coup attempt orchestrated by Dominican Republic strongman Rafael Trujillo and others by pretending to lead the takeover while quietly divulging the plot to Fidel Castro in order to help the fledgling government.New York Times: "Trouble for Castro," August 16, 1959, accessed June 25, 2012
In September 1959, the U.S. State Department revoked his citizenship, a move that was prompted by members of Congress who had supported Trujillo. Morgan promised to contest the action.
Post-revolution activities
Morgan married a Cuban, Olga María Rodríguez Farinas, also a revolutionary, and they had two daughters. In August 1959, the FBI and American authorities revoked Morgan's U.S. citizenship. On September 24, 1959, Morgan renounced his U.S. citizenship publicly on a Havana radio station. After the revolution, Morgan developed a business of frog farming; with the legs being sold to restaurants, the skin for fashion accessories, and what remained for cattle feed. During this venture, Morgan employed around 600 workers and shipped an average of of frozen frog legs to the U.S. every month.
On March 6, 1960, the French freighter La Coubre exploded in Havana Harbor killing around 100 people. An American named Jack Lee Evans, who was in Cuba at the time of the explosion with Morgan, left for Miami a few days after the incident. While in Miami, he gave an interview with the Miami Herald suggesting that Morgan had been involved with the sabotaging of the ship, which Morgan adamantly denied. A memorial for the explosion was held a few days later. Morgan was pictured arm and arm walking through the streets of Havana during this memorial with prominent Cuban leaders including Castro and Che.
Throughout the struggle against Batista, Morgan was vocal about Castro's supposed anti-communist beliefs. When asked during interviews about Castro's political beliefs and where the new Cuban government was leaning, he remained firm in his belief that Castro was not a communist and that Cuba would become a capitalist parliamentary democracy.
As Castro began to reveal his socialist leanings, Morgan became disenchanted with the revolutionary government, as did other members of the SFNE, who wanted Cuba to restore elections. In the middle of June 1960, Morgan and a select few former Escambray leaders met to discuss Castro's turn towards socialism and protecting the Revolution. As the arrests of Morgan's former rebel comrades for counter-revolutionary activities started to increase, Morgan organized weapons to be smuggled to the counter-revolutionaries in the Escambray.
Arrest and execution
On October 16, 1960, Castro ordered Morgan's arrest due to counter-revolutionary activities. Three days later, Morgan was arrested while attending a meeting for the National Institute for Agrarian Reform, to which he had been summoned. Morgan was formally charged with plotting to join and lead the counter-revolutionaries who were active in the Escambray Mountains. On March 11, 1961, shortly after a military trial at La Cabaña fortress, Morgan, then 32 years old, was shot by firing squad with Fidel and Raul Castro in attendance. One month later, 1,500 CIA trained counterrevolutionaries unsuccessfully invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs resulting in Castro officially declaring the Revolution a socialist endeavor.
Olga María Rodríguez Farinas was tried with him in absentia. She was found guilty of co-conspiracy and sentenced to 30 years in prison. She was released after 10 years. She left for the United States in 1980 during the Mariel boatlift. In a series of interviews with The Toledo Blade in 2002, she admitted that she and her husband had begun running guns to anti-Castro guerrillas because they were opposed to Castro's pro-Soviet leanings. She also said she wanted Morgan's U.S. citizenship restored and his remains returned to the United States for reburial. The newspaper stories prompted two Democratic members of the United States House of Representatives, Charles Rangel and Marcy Kaptur, to travel to Cuba in April 2002 to meet Fidel Castro and ask him to return Morgan's body, and Castro agreed.
In April 2007, nearly 50 years after the government stripped him of his rights in 1959 for serving in a foreign country's military, the U.S. State Department declared that Morgan's U.S. citizenship was effectively restored.
Morgan in pop culture
Morgan's story remained largely out of the American eye until the 21st century when articles, documentaries, and films introduced his story. In 2012, George Clooney planned to buy the rights and direct a film based on David Grann's 2012 New Yorker article on Morgan. Pulitzer prize-winning reporters Michael Sallah and Mitch Weiss authored the book, "The Yankee Comandante: The Untold Story of Courage, Passion and One American's Fight to Liberate Cuba." Morgan was featured in 2015 on the PBS documentary series American Experience with the episode titled American Comandante.
In April 2020, Adam Driver was reported to star in a film adaptation of the New Yorker article, written and directed by Jeff Nichols, with shooting anticipated to begin in 2021.
American country-rock band Lucero detail Morgan's story on "Back in Ohio," a track off their 2021 album When You Found Me.See also
Second National Front of Escambray
References
Further reading
Abella, Alex, The Great American: A Novel, Simon & Schuster, 2000,
Gibson, Joss, American Rebel, Alto Pico Publishing, 2012,
Shetterly, Aran, The Americano: Fighting for Freedom in Castro's Cuba, Algonquin Books, 2007,
Sallah, Michael and Weiss, Mitch, Yankee Comandante: The Untold Story of Courage, Passion and One American's Fight to Liberate Cuba, Lyons Press, 2015,
External links
American Comandante, 2015 episode of American Experience''
access to FBI files, photographs, artwork and extracts from the novel American Rebel
Alfonso Chardy and Michael Sallah, "Yanqui" Rebel William Morgan's Saga in Cuban Revolution is Revived," The Miami Herald, January 4, 2009
William Morgan: A Rebel "Americano" in Cuba
"Cuba: Lost in the Shadows," a documentary in which William Morgan plays a key role.
1928 births
1961 deaths
American revolutionaries
Executed revolutionaries
American anti-communists
Opposition to Fidel Castro
Executed American people
20th-century executions by Cuba
People executed by Cuba by firing squad
American people executed abroad
American expatriates in Cuba
People from Cleveland
20th-century executions of American people
Executed people from Ohio
People from Toledo, Ohio
People of the Cuban Revolution |
4009409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monika%20Bustamante | Monika Bustamante | Monika Bustamante is an American voice actor who has performed in various anime productions, including Happy Lesson (OAV) as Kisaragi Ninomai, and Petite Princess Yucie (TV) as Cocoloo.
See also
Dubbing (filmmaking)
Voice over
References
External links
Monika Bustamante at CrystalAcids.com
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American voice actresses
21st-century American women |
4009414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabot%20Center | Cabot Center | The Cabot Center is the home of several indoor athletic teams of Northeastern University Huskies in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1954 and named in 1957 for patron Godfrey Lowell Cabot, the building houses a variety of facilities for the various teams.
The arena is built on the site of the old Huntington Avenue Grounds, where the first-ever World Series baseball game was held in 1903, and is barely over a quarter-mile (402 m) away to the southwest from the Matthews Arena, the original home of the NHL's Boston Bruins ice hockey team in 1924.
Solomon Court
Solomon Court at Cabot Center is the 1800-seat home to the women's basketball and volleyball teams, as well as the non-game day home of the men's basketball team. In the late 1990s, the facilities underwent a multimillion-dollar renovation culminating with the dedication of the court to long-time fan Bernard "Bunny" Solomon on November 28, 2000.
The venue hosted the championship game of the ECAC North, now America East Conference men's basketball tournament in 1981.
Solomon Indoor Track
When the Cabot Center opened in 1954 the building included a dirt floor track & field facility, not uncommon at the time. Now known as the Solomon Indoor Track, the facilities have undergone a number of renovations, including the installation of a 120-yard banked track in 1971, followed by the installation of a flat rubber surface track. In 2008 the facilities were revamped once again, installing an embedded granule track featuring four-lane straightaways, two-lane ovals, and a pole vault pit. Additionally, a turf infield has been included to allow training by many of the University's sports teams. This track is also named for Bernard "Bunny" Solomon as well as his wife, Jolane.
Barletta Natatorium
The Barletta Natatorium features a 6 lane 25-yard indoor swimming pool that is home to the Northeastern Swimming & Diving team. Dedicated on January 14, 1969, the pool facility is named in memory of members of the Barletta family and seats over 500 fans.
Other facilities
The facility also offers racquetball courts, a swim center, workout facilities and other modern athletic amenities.
See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
References
Sports venues in Boston
College basketball venues in the United States
Indoor arenas in Massachusetts
Basketball venues in Massachusetts
Northeastern University buildings
School buildings completed in 1954
Cabot Center
Sports venues completed in 1954 |
4009422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20Grants%20Commission | University Grants Commission | University Grants Commission may refer to:
University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)
University Grants Commission (India)
University Grants Commission (Nepal)
University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka)
See also
University Grants Committee (disambiguation)
Higher Education Commission (disambiguation) |
4009428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20L.%20Thornton | John L. Thornton | John Lawson Thornton (born January 2, 1954) is an American businessman and professor and director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University in Beijing. He is also executive chairman of Barrick Gold Corporation and non-executive chairman of PineBridge Investments. Thornton stepped down as co-president of Goldman Sachs in 2003.
Early life and education
Thornton is the son of John V. Thornton, former vice chairman of the Consolidated Edison Company, and Edna Lawson Thornton, a lawyer. He attended the Hotchkiss School, and later served as President of the school's Board of Trustees.
Thornton received a Bachelor of Arts in history from Harvard College in 1976, a Bachelor of Arts in jurisprudence (promoted by seniority to Master of Arts) from St John's College, Oxford in 1978, which qualified him as a lawyer, and a master's degree in public and private management (MPPM) from the Yale School of Management in 1980. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Bank Street College of Education in 2003. Thornton was fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007 and an honorary fellow of St. John's College, Oxford University in 2009.
Career
Thornton joined Goldman Sachs in 1980. In 1983, he founded Goldman Sachs' European mergers and acquisitions business. He served as co-CEO of Goldman Sachs International in London from 1995 to 1996. Thornton was Chairman of Goldman Sachs Asia from 1996 to 1998, where he expanded the firm's regional franchise during the Asian financial crisis. He became co-president of Goldman Sachs in 1999. When then-CEO Henry Paulson delayed his retirement and Thornton's expected promotion, Thornton left Goldman Sachs in 2003 and became a professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing. Thornton is the first non-Chinese full professor at Tsinghua University since 1949. Thornton did not speak any Chinese languages at the time of his appointment. The New York Times reported that Thornton's Goldman exit “was not met with resistance from senior management”.
Thornton was non-executive chairman at Laura Ashley, the British fashion retailer, between 1995 and 2002.
Thornton joined the board of directors for Ford Motor Company in 1996. William Clay Ford, Jr. – then CEO and chairman at Ford – had been friends with Thornton since their prep school days together at The Hotchkiss School. Their personal ties came under "sharp scrutiny" when William Clay Ford, Jr., received 400,000 shares in Goldman Sachs's 1999 IPO, the largest individual award of that IPO by a large margin. In 2002, an escalating series of investigations and congressional hearings revealed that Goldman Sachs had “spun hot IPO shares to preferred clients”, mostly CEOs, as "an inducement to win investment banking business" from those clients. Goldman Sachs collected $87 million in investment fees from Ford Motor Company between 1996 and 2002. A board ethics whistle-blower described Goldman's role in the bank's activities with Ford as being "the umpire and pitcher in the same game". Thornton remains a member of Ford's compensation, finance and nominating and governance committees and is the longest serving independent director of Ford. Thornton played a significant role in helping Ford survive the financial crisis.
In 2005, Thornton became the founding chairman of the Nelson Mandela Legacy Trust in the United States.
In December 2008, Thornton became a board member at HSBC and stepped down in 2013. Thornton has also served on the Boards of Intel, ICBC, China Unicom, IMG, BSkyB, DirectTV, News Corp. and on the advisory board of McKinsey.
Thornton was appointed to the board of Barrick Gold in May, 2012 and became Executive Chairman of Barrick Gold in 2014. In May 2017, the government of Tanzania accused Acacia Mining, a subsidiary of Barrick Gold, of “under-reporting its gold exports by a factor of ten”. The investigation revealed that copper and silver were also under-reported, and sulfur, iron, iridium, titanium and zinc were present, but not accounted for. The Tanzanian government then imposed a ban on the export of gold and copper concentrates. The accusation and ban halved Acacia's market value. In October 2017, Thornton met with John Magufuli, then president of Tanzania, for six hours, emerging with a preliminary deal that included a $300 million payment for back taxes from Acacia to the Tanzanian government, as well as the Tanzanian government taking a 16% stake in Acacia's mines. Thornton reportedly did not tell Acacia the terms of the proposal until after the deal was announced, even though Acacia, not Barrick, would be responsible for the payment. Shortly after Thornton's deal with Magufuli was announced, Acacia's top executives – CEO Brad Gordon, CFO Andrew Wray and COO Mark Morcombe, under whose tenure relations with the Tanzanian government had deteriorated – resigned. The resolution allowed Acacia and Barrick to resume operations in Tanzania. In January 2020, Barrick formalized a joint venture with the Tanzanian government covering the North Mata, Bulyanhulu and Buzwagi mines.
On September 24, 2018, Barrick Gold announced plans to acquire London-listed Randgold Resources in a transformational deal valued at more than $6.5 billion. The merger solidified Barrick's position as one of the world's largest gold mining companies, with proven and probable reserves of 78 million ounces of gold and dominant land positions in many of the world's major gold producing regions. Thornton led the all-stock, nil-premium merger, which earned the support of more than 95% of the shareholders of both companies.
In February 2019, Barrick Gold announced a hostile $19 billion bid to acquire Newmont Mining Corporation, an American company based in Denver, Colorado. Newmont's board unanimously rejected the offer, describing Barrick's “egocentric proposal” as “designed to transfer value from Newmont shareholders to Barrick's”. Newmont CEO Gary Goldberg said, “[O]ne of the major factors that hindered Barrick's ability to create value in the past remains the same... John Thornton is still firmly in control.” Newmont later reversed this position and agreed to enter into a joint venture with Barrick in Nevada.
In August 2020, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway disclosed that it had purchased 20.9 million shares of Barrick Gold, a position valued at $563.5 million by the end of the second quarter of 2020.Just three months later in February 2021, Berkshire Hathaway sold its entire Barrick Gold stake.
Thornton currently serves as Chair Emeritus of The Brookings Institution and Co-Chair of the Asia Society. In addition to these academic and research affiliations, Thornton has also authored forewords for three books, including "Social Ethics in a Changing China", "China in 2020" and "Democracy is a Good Thing".
Interest in China
Thornton's interest in China stretches to at least November 1997, when Goldman Sachs assisted China Telecom with its $4.2 billion IPO, one of the first international listings of a Chinese state-owned company. By the time Thornton left his position at Goldman, the bank had become the lead underwriter for major Chinese state-owned companies.
Thornton joined the board of trustees of the Brookings Institution in May 2000, and became chairman in June 2003. Brookings established the John L. Thornton China Center in 2006 with an initial $12.5 million donation from John Thornton. The center has offices in Washington and Beijing and provides recommendations to decision makers in China and the West. In November 2018, Thornton stepped down as board chair and became chair emeritus.
In 2009, he became an inaugural member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation.
Thornton was a senior consultant for the Confucius Institute.
Thornton was an original member of the Schwarzman Scholars board of trustees, founded in 2013 by Stephen A. Schwarzman. Thornton's son, J. R. Thornton, was named a Schwarzman Scholar in 2017.
In September 2017, Thornton helped arrange a meeting between Steve Bannon and Wang Qishan, Thornton's friend and former head of the China Construction Bank and the current Vice President of the People's Republic of China, at the Communist Party's Zhongnanhai headquarters a few weeks after Bannon was forced out of his advisory role in President Donald Trump's administration. Bannon, also a former Goldman employee, has described Thornton as a friend and mentor.
Thornton, alongside Secretary of Treasury, Steve Mnuchin, and US Trade Representative Ambassador Robert Lighthizer, served as one of the architects of Phase I of the US-China trade deal. US President Donald Trump's ally and Palm Beach neighbor, Thornton has represented the United States during the trade war escalations of Trump's four-year term, including in a closed-door meeting in 2018 with Vice-Premier Liu He and the international advisory board of China's sovereign wealth fund.
In September 2021, George Soros, Hungarian-Born American investor and philanthropist, criticized Thornton in a The Wall Street Journal opinion editorial, saying that Thornton's work to funnel U.S. investment dollars to China "imperils the national security interests of the U.S. and other democracies because the money invested in China will help prop up President Xi's regime, which is repressive at home and aggressive abroad".
Interest in Mongolia
Over his career, Thornton has built relationships with leaders of countries in which his current and former companies have conducted business. Some of these relationships include American President Donald Trump, Chinese President Xi Jinping, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, South African President Nelson Mandela, Mongolian President Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi and Tanzanian President John Magufuli. Thornton developed a friendship with Enkhbayar, who was arrested in April 2012 by Mongolia's anti-corruption commission after being accused of misuse of state property while in office. Thornton played a key role in a campaign led by Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) to gain international support for Enkhbayar, who had been convicted by a government court in August 2012. Senator Feinstein took the position that due process of law had not been followed in Enkhbayar's trial. Enkhbayar was released and pardoned by the new President of Mongolia
Recognition
In 2007, Institutional Investor Magazine named John Thornton one of forty individuals who have had the greatest influence in shaping global financial markets over the past forty years. He received the 2009 Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) Achievement Award, which every year honors one past participant in collegiate tennis who has made unique contributions to society as well as achieving excellence in their careers.
Thornton appeared on the National Post's 2017 Power List of the most influential people shaping Canadian business. The newspaper noted Thornton has "overseen a massive overhaul at Toronto-based Barrick" following which the company "has shed billions of dollars of debt and generated excellent financial results."
In 2008, he was awarded the Friendship Award of the People's Republic of China, the highest honor accorded to a non-Chinese citizen. The Chinese government also named him as one of fifteen 'foreign experts' who have made the most significant contribution to China's development over the past three decades.
Personal life
Thornton is married to Margaret Bradham Thornton; they have four children. They live in Palm Beach, Florida, where disputes between the Thorntons and their neighbors have led to multiple lawsuits.
In 2011, The Wall Street Journal reported on the vast water consumption of wealthy Palm Beach residents during exceptional drought conditions. Thornton was listed as a top-five water user, having consumed 8,698,492 gallons between June 2010 and May 2011. The average Palm Beach resident consumes 108,000 gallons per year.
References
1954 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American corporate directors
American money managers
Ford people
Goldman Sachs people
Hotchkiss School alumni
Harvard College alumni
HSBC people
Intel people
Members of the Council on Foreign Relations
News Corporation people
Pacific Century Group
Tsinghua University faculty
Yale School of Management alumni
Yale Law School alumni
Barrick Gold |
4009431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-phase-matching | Quasi-phase-matching | Quasi-phase-matching is a technique in nonlinear optics which allows a positive net flow of energy from the pump frequency to the signal and idler frequencies by creating a periodic structure in the nonlinear medium. Momentum is conserved, as is necessary for phase-matching, through an additional momentum contribution corresponding to the wavevector of the periodic structure. Consequently, in principle any three-wave mixing process that satisfies energy conservation can be phase-matched. For example, all the optical frequencies involved can be collinear, can have the same polarization, and travel through the medium in arbitrary directions. This allows one to use the largest nonlinear coefficient of the material in the nonlinear interaction.
Quasi-phase-matching ensures that there is positive energy flow from the pump frequency to signal and idler frequencies even though all the frequencies involved are not phase locked with each other. Energy will always flow from pump to signal as long as the phase between the two optical waves is less than 180 degrees. Beyond 180 degrees, energy flows back from the signal to the pump frequencies. The coherence length is the length of the medium in which the phase of pump and the sum of idler and signal frequencies are 180 degrees from each other. At each coherence length the crystal axes are flipped which allows the energy to continue to positively flow from the pump to the signal and idler frequencies.
The most commonly used technique for creating quasi-phase-matched crystals has been periodic poling. More recently, continuous phase control over the local nonlinearity was achieved using nonlinear metasurfaces with homogeneous linear optical properties but spatially varying effective nonlinear polarizability. Optical fields are strongly confined within or surround the nanostructures, nonlinear interactions can therefore be realized with an ultra-small area down to 10 nm to 100 nm and can be scattered in all directions to produce more frequencies. Thus, relaxed phase matching can be achieved at the nanoscale dimension.
Mathematical description
In nonlinear optics, the generation of other frequencies is the result of the nonlinear polarization response of the crystal due to fundamental pump frequency. When the crystal axis is flipped, the polarization wave is shifted by 180°, thus ensuring that there is a positive energy flow to the signal and idler beam. In the case of sum-frequency generation, polarization equation can be expressed by
where is the nonlinear susceptibility coefficient, in which the sign of the coefficient is flipped when the crystal axis is flipped, and represents the imaginary unit.
Development of signal amplitude
The following mathematical description assumes a constant pump amplitude. The signal wavelength can be expressed as a sum over the number of domains that exist in the crystal. In general the rate of change of the signal amplitude is
where is the generated frequency amplitude and is the pump frequency amplitude and is the phase mismatch between the two optical waves. The refers to the nonlinear susceptibility of the crystal.
In the case of a periodically poled crystal the crystal axis is flipped by 180 degrees in every other domain, which changes the sign of . For the domain can be expressed as
where is the index of the poled domain. The total signal amplitude can be expressed as a sum
where is the spacing between poles in the crystal. The above equation integrates to
and reduces to
The summation yields
Multiply above equation both sides by a factor of
Adding both equation leads to the relation
Solving for gives
which leads to
The total intensity can be expressed by
For the case of the right part of the above equation is undefined so the limit needs to be taken when by invoking L'Hôpital's rule.
Which leads to the signal intensity
In order to allow different domain widths, i.e. , for , the above equation becomes
With the intensity becomes
This allows quasi-phase-matching to exist at different domain widths .
From this equation it is apparent, however, that as the quasi-phase match order increases, the efficiency decreases by . For example, for 3rd order quasi-phase matching only a third of the crystal is effectively used for the generation of signal frequency, as a consequence the amplitude of the signal wavelength only third of the amount of amplitude for same length crystal for 1st order quasi-phase match.
Calculation of domain width
The domain width is calculated through the use of Sellmeier equation and using wavevector relations. In the case of DFG this relationship holds true , where are the pump, signal, and idler wavevectors, and . By calculating for the different frequencies, the domain width can be calculated from the relationship .
Orthogonal quasi-phase-matching
This method enables the generation of high-purity hyperentangled two-photon state. In orthogonal quasi-phase matching (OQPM), a thin-layered crystal structure is combined with periodic poling along orthogonal directions. By combining periodic down- conversion of orthogonally polarized photons along with periodic poling that corrects the phase mismatch, the structure self corrects for longitudinal walkoff (delay) as it happens and before it accumulates. The superimposed spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) radiation of the superlattice creates high-purity two-photon entangled state.
References
Nonlinear optics
Second-harmonic generation |
4009435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Liebrecht | Jason Liebrecht | Ernesto Jason Liebrecht is an American voice actor who voices for a number of English versions of Japanese anime series and video games produced by Funimation/OkraTron 5000 and ADV Films. Some of his major roles include Lavi and the Millennium Earl in the D.Gray-man series, Tapion in Dragon Ball Z: Wrath of the Dragon, Syaoran in Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle and Cardcaptor Sakura: Clear Card, Rob Lucci in the Funimation dub of One Piece, Akira Takizawa in Eden of the East, Train Heartnet in Black Cat, Hei in Darker than Black, Larcade Dragneel in the final season of Fairy Tail, Dabi in My Hero Academia, Vulcan Joseph in Fire Force, Hiroto Suwa in Orange, Yato in Noragami, Mars in Black Clover and Zeke Yeager in Attack on Titan.
Biography
Liebrecht had a leading role in the indie film Home about which the Philadelphia City Paper said "The performances are uniformly strong, especially from winsome leads Liebrecht and Nicol Zanzarella," and for which he was nominated for best actor at the Trenton Film Festival. He also had a minor role (as Hey Now Kid) in David Byrne's film True Stories. He made a cameo as one of the "gang of four" in the indie film, Waking Life and is scheduled to play Jerry in the New York City premiere of Karla, a play by Steve Earle. He is a member of the Rude Mechs and was nominated for The Austin Critics' Table Awards "Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy" for his performance in their production of Lipstick Traces.
Filmography
Anime
Animation
Film
Live-action
Video games
References
External links
Official agency profile
Jason Liebrecht at the Crystal Acids English Voice Actor & Production Staff Database
1973 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
American people of Chilean descent
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Male actors from Austin, Texas |
4009454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareo | Pareo | A pāreu or pareo is a wraparound skirt worn on Tahiti or other Pacific islands. The term was originally used only for women's skirts, as men wore a loincloth, called a maro. Nowadays the term is used for any cloth worn wrapped around the body by men and women.
The pareo is related to the Malay sarong, Filipino malong, tapis and patadyong, Samoan lavalava, Tongan tupenu and other such garments of the Pacific islands.
Name
In contemporary Tahitian the garment is called pāreu (singular: te pāreu, plural: te mau pāreu), with the pronunciation of the word with a long a (hold the sound for two beats rather than just one) and the e and u pronounced separately, rather than slurred into a diphthong: [pɑːreu].
It is not clear where the variant pareo comes from. It might be an old dialectic variant or an early explorers' misinterpretation. But both terms were already used in the 19th century (the Dutch geographic magazine De Aarde en haar Volken of 1887 had a few South-seas articles, some of them using pāreu, others pareo). Nowadays, however, pareo can be considered as the English-language form of the word (plural pareos), much less likely subject to mispronunciation.
Styles
The Tahitian pāreu are among the most colourful and bright of the Pacific. Originally flower patterns, the hibiscus flowers in particular, or traditional tapa patterns, were printed in bright colours on a cotton sheet of about 90 or 120 cm wide and 180 cm long. Nowadays they are also made in Tahiti itself and dye painting with varying colours is popular as well.
A pāreu can be worn in many ways. Women will usually wrap it around their upper body, covering it from breasts to above the knees. Either they rely on their breasts for it not to slide down, or they may wrap a corner around their shoulder or their neck. In more traditional surroundings the covering of the upper body is less important, but the covering of the thighs is. Then it is worn as a longer skirt. Men wear it as a short skirt, or may even make shorts out of it, especially when fishing or working in the bush where freedom of movement of the legs is needed. But during quiet, cooler nights at home, they may wear it as a long skirt too.
The ends of the pāreu are normally tied in a knot to keep it in place.
External links
Tropic Monoi "pareo hand painting"
Polynesian clothing
Skirts
Dresses
Cook Islands culture
Tahitian culture
History of Oceanian clothing |
4009458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrion%2C%20Victoria | Warrion, Victoria | Warrion is a village in south west Victoria, Australia. Its buildings include a motor vehicle and farm equipment workshop, the Ti Tree Hotel, a church, a fire brigade station manned by volunteers and a community hall. Warrion sits at the foot of Warrion Hill. At the , Warrion had a population of 198.
There are a number of early and important references (see below) to first contact with local aboriginal inhabitants.
Warrion Post Office opened on 24 August 1875 and closed in 1976.
The general store was owned throughout the 1950s by George Glover and his wife, Rosie. The Glovers drove a Holden panel van and sold home-made lunchtime pies to schools across the district. Mr Glover sold the pies from a pie warmer from the rear tailgate. His wife, Rosie, sat on the tailgate dispensing tomato sauce for a penny a serve. The Glovers sold meat, fish, vegetable, apple and apricot pies.
Main rural industries included cropping of peas and onions, and dairy farming. Warrion has important groundwater resources which are used widely in local farming activities. Farming families included Leahy, Carroll, Kerr, Hay, Cowley, De Lorenzo, Monaco and Illett.
In recent years, farms have been absorbed into larger landholdings, with an associated decline in rural population. Underground water storage is depleted due to incessant irrigation from large capacity bores on huge dairy farms.
The historic stone walls have recently been roughly plundered without consideration for heritage or visual appeal. The walls have been bulldozed and transported for sale into metropolitan landscaping businesses by some local large dairy farming enterprises.
Warrion Oval
The Warrion recreation reserve is managed by the Warrion Recreation Reserve Committee. The Victorian Cricket Association have scheduled the occasional Premier grade cricket match at the Warrion Oval since 2006, attracting several well-known Australian cricketers as well as large crowds.
The oval was home to the Warrion Football Club, which used to compete in the Colac & District Football League until the team disbanded at the end of 1985. The team won the 1938 and 1952 premierships. Curator Eric Hay is renowned across the state for the high quality outfields and turf wickets he produces. A turf wicket was first put in place in 1980 and is regarded as one of the best regional cricketing facilities in Victoria.
Warrion Cricket Club
The Warrion Cricket Club is one steeped in history since its formation in the late 1880s. The club now competes in the Colac District Cricket Association. Its first premiership came in the late 1970s before the club entered its golden era of the 1980s and 1990s when it regularly competed in finals. The club's most recent premiership came in the 2009-10 season when it defeated the Alvie Cricket Club at the Warrion recreation reserve. Jarrod Stinchombe was named man of the match taking four wickets in a commanding win under the guidance of Ray Barrow. The club has produced several district cricketers including Gavin Holland (Richmond) and Phillip Lang (North-Melbourne - Geelong). The club currently fields three Senior teams and Junior teams.
References
External links
Victorian Department of Primary Industry publication describing Warrion Hill.
Victorian Department of Primary Industries report on groundwater in Warrion area.
Records of early conflict between white settlers and indigenous population.
First Settlers experience of the district
Gallery
Towns in Victoria (Australia) |
4009463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chucking | Chucking | Chucking may refer to:
Throwing (cricket), the act of illegally bowling in cricket
Vomiting
Chucking (musical technique) e.g. with string instruments, the muting of the chord, see Chop chord
Chucking (workpiece on machine tools) e.g. on screw-making machines, see Screw machine#Automatic chucking_machine |
4009467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Josephson | Matthew Josephson | Matthew Josephson (February 15, 1899 – March 13, 1978) was an American journalist and author of works on nineteenth-century French literature and American political and business history of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Josephson popularized the term "robber baron".
Biography
He was born in Brooklyn, New York on February 15, 1899, to Jewish immigrant parents Julius and Sarah (née Kasindorf) Josephson. His father was from Iasi, Romania and his mother from Rostov-na-Donu, Russia. Julius Josephson was a printer who became a bank president before his death in 1925. Matthew Josephson graduated from Columbia University and married Hannah Geffen in 1920. They lived in Europe in the 1920s. His wife, librarian of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and an author in her own right, worked closely with her husband on various projects throughout their careers. In 1945 she and Malcolm Cowley edited Aragon, Poet of the Resistance. Matthew and Hannah Josephson collaborated on Al Smith: Hero of the Cities in 1969. They had two sons, Eric and Carl.
Initially Josephson wrote poetry, published in Galimathias (1923), and reported for various "little magazines." He became associate editor of Broom: An International Magazine of the Arts (1922–24) and contributing editor of Transition (1928–29). Josephson was also a regular contributor to The New Republic, The Nation, The New Yorker, and the Saturday Evening Post.
Josephson's first biographies were Zola and His Time (1928) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1932). Influenced by Charles A. Beard and the Depression, and with only one major exception, Stendhal: or the Pursuit of Happiness (1946), Josephson changed his focus of interest from literature to economic history when he published The Robber Barons in 1934. This was followed by more full-length works in which Josephson served as a spokesman for intellectuals of his generation who were dissatisfied with the social and political status quo.
Josephson wrote two memoirs, Life Among the Surrealists (1962) and Infidel in the Temple (1967). He died on March 13, 1978, at the Community Hospital in Santa Cruz, California.
Legacy
Josephson's collected papers are in the Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.
Bibliography
Galimathias (1923)
Zola and His Time (1928, biography)
Portrait of the Artist as American (1930)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1932, biography)
Nazi Culture: The Brown Darkness Over Germany, John Day (1933)
The Robber Barons: The Great American Capitalists (1934)
The Politicos (1938, essay)
The President Makers: The Culture of Politics and Leadership in an Age of Enlightenment 1896–1919 (1940)
Victor Hugo (1942, biography)
Empire of the Air: Juan Trippe and the Struggle for World Airways (1943)
Stendhal (1946, biography)
Sidney Hillman (1952, biography)
Union House Union Bar: The History of the Hotel & Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union, AFL-CIO (1956, nonfiction)
Edison (1959, biography)
Life Among the Surrealists (1962, memoir)
Infidel in the Temple: a memoir of the 1930s (1967, memoir)
The Money Lords, The Great Finance Capitalists, 1925–1950 (1972, nonfiction)
Al Smith: Hero of the Cities; a Political Portrait Drawing on the Papers of Frances Perkins (1969)
References
David E. Shi, Matthew Josephson: Bourgeois Bohemian (1981).
External links
Matthew Josephson Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
1899 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American poets
20th-century American biographers
American male biographers
20th-century American historians
American male journalists
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Jewish American historians
Journalists from New York City
20th-century American memoirists
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Historians of the United States
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
Musicians from Brooklyn
20th-century American musicians
American male poets
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American Jews |
4009468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopherus | Gopherus | Gopherus is a genus of fossorial tortoises commonly referred to as gopher tortoises. The gopher tortoise is grouped with land tortoises that originated 60 million years ago, in North America. A genetic study has shown that their closest relatives are in the Asian genus Manouria.
The gopher tortoises live in the southern United States from California's Mojave Desert across to Florida, and in parts of northern Mexico. Gopher tortoises are so named because of some species' habit of digging large, deep burrows (gophers are small terrestrial burrowing rodents). Most notably, Gopherus polyphemus digs burrows which can be up to in length and in depth. These burrows are used by a variety of other species, including mammals, other reptiles, amphibians, and birds. Gopher tortoises are in length, depending on the species. All six species are found in xeric habitats. Numerous extinct species are known, the oldest dating to the Priabonian stage of the Late Eocene of the United States.
Species
In July 2011, researchers decided on the basis of DNA, and morphological and behavioral data that the Sonoran and Mojave populations of the desert tortoise, G. agassizii were distinct species. This newly described species was named G. morafkai, or the Morafka's desert tortoise. The acceptance of G. morafkai reduced the range of G. agassizii by about 70% In 2016, based on a large-scale genetic analysis, ecological and morphological data, researchers proposed a split between the Sonoran and Sinaloan populations. This southernmost member of the Gopherus genus was named G. evgoodei. As such, there are currently six recognized species in the genus Gopherus:
Extant
Listed alphabetically by binomial name:
Fossil
Members of Gopherus that became extinct in the late Pleistocene:
Gopherus donlaloi (Reynoso and Montellano-Ballesteros, 2004)
Gopherus depressus
Gopherus hexagonatus (Cope, 1893) Late Pliocene-Late Pleistocene, large sized species, with carapaces over a metre (3.3 ft) in length.
Breeding
Gopher tortoises usually mate during April and May. The female will then choose either a sunny spot nearby or a sandy mound in front of her burrow to lay between 3 and 15 eggs. The eggs then hatch from 70 to 100 days later. Once hatched, the baby tortoises spend most of their time in their mother's burrow until they learn to dig their own burrow. They do not reach maturity until they are around 10 to 15 years old. Gopher tortoises have an abbreviated mating season in early spring, when male tortoises visit the female tortoise' burrows and mate with them.
Diet
Gopher tortoises are mainly herbivores that feed on low growing plant life. Their diet consists mostly of grasses and legumes but they will also feed on small berries and fruits.
The diet of tortoises contain excess salt, sodium, chloride, and potassium that must be purged from the body, and drinking free standing water, even if only once or a few times each year, is essential for this function and for tortoise survival. Opportunities for gopher tortoises to drink water vary greatly between the species in the genus. Gopherus agassizii live in extremely arid areas that can receive as little as 10–20 cm. per year. Gopherus polyphemus live in mesic habitat, where water is availability and evaporative loss is less problematic. Other species live in intermediate environments where a few weeks of rain typically occur twice per year, or where relatively consistent summer rains occur. When pools of rain water or saturated soils are available tortoises will direct their heads face down and submerge their face to a level just below the eyes and drink copiously. Reptiles modify urine and plasma concentrations in their bodies with their bladder, cloaca, and colon, rather than the kidneys. The bladder plays a major function in regulating blood osmolality: permeable to ammonia, urea, water, and small ions, but not uric acid. This permeability allows tortoises that are hibernating, or living in arid environments without drinking water for months at a time to store uric acid, but resorb water from the bladder. Tortoises react to dry periods by retreating to shelters (burrows, caves etc.) with more humid microhabitats, and remaining inactive. Gopher tortoises can survive a year of drought through both behavior and physiological adaptations, two years of drought can result in deteriorating body conditions, and extended years of drought will produce high mortalities of gopher tortoises.
There are many observations of Gopherus eating non-vegetation food items. Documented examples include a variety of bones, snail shells, soil at mineral licks, charcoal, sand, stones, human trash, carrion, raptor pellets and various animals feces. Gopherus polyphemus studies observed specimens moving bones into their burrows and found the fourth most common matter in their scats was insect material. The exact reasons are not entirely understood, some cases might simply be due to accidentally ingesting materials near food items or sampling potential foods. Hypotheses concerning the consumption of animal matter by Gopherus include supplements for the low levels of calcium, phosphorus, or protein in their diet, and a need for calcium carbonate in bones, the production of eggshells in females, and growing young. Hypotheses on the consumption of nonfood items such as soil or rocks include mastication or vermifuge for the removal of parasites.
Conservation
Populations of all six species of Gopherus have declined dramatically. In the past, gopher tortoises were hunted for their meat, which was used in stews. Currently the most significant threat to their survival is habitat destruction, but the pet trade and collisions with vehicles have also taken their toll. To help decrease gopher tortoise death due to collisions with vehicles, the US Department of Transportation in Mississippi has recently placed angled fences along the road side to keep tortoise from wandering onto the highways near their habitats. On November 9, 2009, the US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed rulemaking to include the eastern population of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, in the List of Threatened Wildlife. In 2018, the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group recommended a re-assessment and re-classification of all six Gopherus species This reclassification would move G. agassizii from Vulnerable (VU) to Critically Endangered (CR), G. berlandieri from Near Endangered (NE) to Near Threatened (NT), G. evgoodei from Near Endangered (NE) to Vulnerable (VU), G. flavomarginatus from Vulnerable (VU) to Critically Endangered (CR), G. morafkai from Near Endangered (NE) to Vulnerable (VU) and G. polyphemus from Vulnerable (VU) to Endangered (EN).
Gallery
References
Bibliography
External links
Gopher Tortoise Council
The Gopher Tortoise Organization
Turtle genera
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque |
4009472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioseven | Radioseven | Radioseven was a Swedish Internet radio station, operated by the non-profit association Seven Broadcasting. Radioseven was concentrated on broadcasting mainly dance music, with appearances of live program hosts during peak hours. It stopped broadcasting in April 2017.
The station, originally named 7UP-Radio, started broadcasting on August 8, 1999. It was a young Swede named Patrick Westerlund, who together with friends he had met on the IRC network DALnet, started the radio as a hobby project. Over the years the station has striven to become more serious and professional. Some of these steps are the renaming of 7UP-Radio to Radioseven in February 2002, and the establishment of the non-profit association Seven Broadcasting.
During the autumn of 2005, Seven Broadcasting launched two new online radio stations: the house and trance oriented Mysteria: The Club Experience, and ICE playing mostly hip hop and modern R'n'B. These two stations had to be shut down after about six months due to high license fees and the limited economic resources of Seven Broadcasting.
Radioseven has for several years been a partner of the LAN party Dreamhack. During Dreamhack Winter in 2006, the station broadcast over FM for the first time and could be heard all over Jönköping where Dreamhack is held, on 107.0 MHz.
It was closed in 2017 because they did not have money.
The magazine Internetworld ranked Radioseven's website as one of the 100 best in Sweden during 2004 and 2005 . In 2006, The Swedish Radio Academy awarded its Special Award to Radioseven.
References
"Radiosevens historia" at www.radioseven.se, Retrieved on 2006-10-13.
Arvidsson, Henrik. "Datorn är den nya radion", Dagens Nyheter, 2006-12-02. Retrieved on 2006-10-20.
External links
RadioSeven online with Flash Player
Radioseven
Seven Broadcasting
Radio stations established in 1999
Radio stations disestablished in 2017
Internet radio stations
1999 establishments in Sweden
2017 disestablishments in Sweden
Defunct mass media in Sweden |
4009473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn%20Sides | Shawn Sides | Shawn Sides is a co-producing artistic director of Rude Mechanicals alongside fellow actress (and also fellow artistic director in the same troupe) Lana Lesley (incidentally, both Sides and Lesley also appeared in Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water.) She is also an American voice actress notable for the work she did for ADV Films now-defunct Monster Island Studio in Austin, Texas from 1998 through 2005.
Filmography
Anime roles
801 T.T.S. Airbats - Sakura Saginomiya
Adventures of Kotetsu - Miho Kuon
Devil Lady - Jun Fudou/Devil Lady
Final Fantasy: Unlimited - Lisa Pacifist
Happy Lesson - Fumitsuki Nanakorobi
Lost Universe - Merina
Magical Play - Ketchup
Magical Play 3D - Ketchup
My Dear Marie - Human Marie
Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water - King
Nadia of the Mysterious Seas - King (Flashback Scenes)
Petite Princess Yucie - Chawoo (Chow)
Wedding Peach - Marilyn
Zone of the Enders - Additional voices
Zone of the Enders: Idolo - Additional voices
Video Game roles
DC Universe Online - Fire
References
External links
Rude Mechanicals Home Page
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses |
4009478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurman%20%22Fum%22%20McGraw | Thurman "Fum" McGraw | Thurman "Fum" McGraw (July 17, 1927 – September 13, 2000) was an American football player and college athletics administrator. He played college football at Colorado A&M (now known as Colorado State University) and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981.
Biography
McGraw was born in Garden City, Kansas. At Paonia High School, he won four letters in basketball, three each in football and baseball and was the Western Slope heavyweight-boxing champion. Standing 6'5" and weighing 235 lbs., McGraw was fresh from action with the U.S. Marine Corps in World War II when he enrolled at Colorado State University in 1946, when it was known as Colorado A&M. Working diligently at his game, McGraw called upon lessons learned as a boxer and wrestler to fashion himself into a special breed of football player. His arm strength was crushing to opposing players and his agility developed through wrestling served him well when fending off opposing linemen. Colorado A&M finished 2–7 in McGraw's freshman season, but things would change quickly. As a sophomore, McGraw helped his Rams post a 5–4–1 mark, the team's best record in 11 years. Then, in 1948, the Aggies posted upsets over rivals Utah State, Wyoming, BYU and archrival Colorado. The 1949 campaign, McGraw's last as a four-year letterman, saw the Aggies log a 9–1 record marred only by a loss to Wyoming. After graduation, McGraw joined the Detroit Lions and captured Rookie of the Year and All-Pro honors. In 1981, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
While at Colorado State, McGraw was the school's first football All-American in 1949. When he returned to CSU in later years as a staff member, he also served as the athletic director from 1976 to 1986.
References
External links
1927 births
2000 deaths
American football defensive tackles
American football tackles
Colorado State Rams athletic directors
Colorado State Rams football players
Detroit Lions players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marines
People from Paonia, Colorado
People from Garden City, Kansas
Players of American football from Colorado |
4009480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Marienberg | Bad Marienberg | Bad Marienberg (Westerwald) is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, and also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality.
Geography
The community lies in the Westerwald between Limburg and Siegen. From east to west through the town flows the river Nister, which is part of the Sieg drainage basin.
Bad Marienberg’s Stadtteile are Eichenstruth, Langenbach and Zinhain.
History
Middle Ages
In 1048, Bad Marienberg had its first documentary mention. It is likely that this same source gave rise to the name Westerwald, since the area around Bad Marienberg lies directly west of Herborn. In 1258, Marienberg was described as Mons sanctae Mariae. In the 18th century, the formerly separate communities of Obermarienberg, still an easily recognizable ring-shaped settlement around the parish church today, and Untermarienberg grew together.
Marienberg was part of the lordly domain in the Westerwald that was formed out of the three Gerichte (official regions) of Marienberg, Emmerichenhain and Neukirch, and which Count Otto I of Nassau won in 1255 in the Ottonian-Walramian hereditary division. After a further division in 1303, the area passed to Otto’s son Henry III of Nassau-Siegen, making it part of Nassau-Dillenburg. From 1343 to 1561, the overlordship in the Westerwald was then held by the Nassau-Dillenburg-Beilstein branch of the family. After they died out, Count Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg ("the Elder") received the inheritance, thereby uniting these German lands – albeit only for a short time.
Modern times
After further territorial exchanges within the Nassau dynasty through inheritances, Marienberg ended up, as part of the Beilstein lordly domain, under Prince William IV’s governance. Once again, in 1742-1743, he succeeded in uniting all Ottonian lands within the Holy Roman Empire. Within the Orange German possessions now ruled from Dillenburg, Marienberg was at the latest by 1783 put under the Amt of Beilstein. The parish of Marienberg counted roughly 450 souls in 1580 and included the villages of Bach, Bölsberg, Eichenstruth, Fehl, Großseifen, Illfurth, Langenbach, Marienberg, Hof, Pfuhl, Ritzhausen, Stockhausen, Unnau and Zinhain. The Counties of Sayn-Hachenburg and Sayn-Altenkirchen both lay only a few kilometres away to the northwest.
Along with the lordly domain of Beilstein, the village fell in 1806 to the Napoleonic Grand Duchy of Berg, in which, in 1808, it was grouped into the Arrondissement of Dillenburg within the Département of Sieg. In 1815, Marienberg went to the Duchy of Nassau. The Amt of Marienberg, which was newly organized in 1816, comprised 43 villages and 20 estates with 1,805 families and 7,085 persons. At the same time, the Amt of Marienberg lay under the jurisdiction of the Dillenburg Criminal Court. In the course of a short-lived administrative reform, Marienberg was annexed in 1849 to the newly founded Landkreis (rural district) of Hachenburg, before the old arrangement was brought back into force in 1854.
In 1866 the Duchy of Nassau passed to Prussia and became, as the Regierungsbezirk of Wiesbaden, part of the province of Hesse-Nassau. With the institution of rural districts after the Prussian model, Marienberg became in 1867 seat of the Oberwesterwaldkreis with the Ämter of Hachenburg, Marienberg and Rennerod. The last went to the newly created Westerburg district (which also got the Amt of Wallmerod as well as a few places from the Amt of Selters from the Unterwesterwaldkreis) in 1885-1886 on the occasion of administrative reform.
Although in 1890 Marienberg had only 707 (mostly Evangelical) inhabitants and was officially said to be a village, it already had a considerable infrastructure at its disposal: the village had a provincial council office (Landratsamt), a court (Landgericht Limburg an der Lahn), a taxation and land registry office, a post and telegraph office, a credit union and an agency for the Nassauische Landesbank. Moreover, there was a tannery in the village, and nearby were brown coal and ironstone mines along with clay pits.
When the district of Westerburg was united with the old Oberwesterwaldkreis to form the new, bigger Oberwesterwaldkreis in 1932, Marienberg lost its function as an administrative seat to Westerburg. Having had town rights conferred on 1 April 1939, Marienberg then belonged to the French occupation zone and was part of the Upper Presidium of Rhineland-Hesse-Nassau.
Since 1947, the town has been part of the Bundesland of Rhineland-Palatinate. On 10 August 1967 the town had the title Bad (literally "bath" – the title means that the town is a recognized spa) bestowed upon it, after already having received the title of Kneipp resort in 1961.
In 1972, Bad Marienberg, along with 17 other Ortsgemeinden was grouped into a Verbandsgemeinde, which today is home to just under 20,000 inhabitants (as of 2007).
Politics
Community council
The council is made up of 23 council members, including the honorary and presiding mayor (Bürgermeister), who were elected in a municipal election on May 25, 2014.
Mayor
The mayor is Sabine Willwacher (SPD), re-elected in 2019.
Willwacher was first elected mayor of the city of Bad Marienberg on May 25, 2014. She is succeeding fellow party member Dankwart Neufurth, who had retired after running the office from 2004-2014.
Town partnerships
The town maintains partnership arrangements with the district seat of Marienberg in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge) and with Pagny-sur-Moselle in France.
Parks
Within Bad Marienberg’s town limits is a spa garden with a Kneipp centre and a bandshell where concerts are regularly held in the summer. Adjoining this is a new part of the park with a herb garden and a barefoot course.
Between Bad Marienberg and the outlying centre of Zinhain is the Basaltpark, a disused basalt quarry which is open to the public and laid out with hiking paths, information plaques about the geology, and a museum. Right near the Basaltpark is found the Wildpark Bad Marienberg (wildlife park).
Between Bad Marienberg and Nisterau Bach is the nature reserve of Bacher Lay.
Economy and infrastructure
Economy
Bad Marienberg is home to these worldwide operating companies:
KEMPF Fahrzeugbau
LEBEK International Fashion Group
MENK Apparatebau
Transport
Right near the town runs Bundesstraße 414 leading from Driedorf-Hohenroth to Altenkirchen. The nearest Autobahn interchange is Haiger-Burbach on the A 45 (Dortmund–Gießen), roughly 22 km away.
Bad Marienberg is connected to the Oberwesterwaldbahn railway (Limburg - Au (Sieg)) only by bus. Nistertal-Bad Marienberg station is situated in the village of Nistertal, 6 km away from Bad Marienberg.
The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line, which is approximately 30 km away.
The nearest airport is Siegerland Airport about 15 km northeast of Bad Marienberg.
Since Siegerland Airport -as of June 2015- does not offer any scheduled passenger flights, the nearest international airports are Frankfurt and Cologne Bonn Airport, both circa 100 km away.
Media
Near Bad Marienberg, T-Systems runs a transmitter for VHF and television which has a 174-m-high freestanding tubular steel mast. Südwestrundfunk (SWR) sends all four of its radio programmes from here. In the summer of 2008, the switchover from analogue TV transmissions to DVB-T is to be carried out.
Also, the Deutscher Wetterdienst runs a weather station right near this transmission facility in Bad Marienberg.
Europa-Haus
In Bad Marienberg is found the main branch of Europa-Haus of 128 others that have sprung up. It is sponsored through an endowment and serves as an education and meeting place.
Notable residents
Oliver Bimber (born 1973), computer scientist and university teacher
Frank Göbler, (born 1957), German Slavist
Gerhard Roth (born 1933), politician, former member of Landtag (SPD)
Anette Rückes, (born 1951), track and field athlete
Frank Schimmelfennig, (born 1963), political scientist
References
External links
Town of Bad Marienberg
Verbandsgemeinde Bad Marienberg
Europa-Haus Bad Marienberg
Town’s history
Nassau’s territorial development (pdf file)
Historical atlas of Hesse (graphic display)
Westerwaldkreis
Hesse-Nassau
Spa towns in Germany |
4009494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware%20Field%20House | Delaware Field House | The Delaware Field House is an indoor athletics facility on the campus of the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware. Constructed in 1966, the venue seated 4,000 fans for indoor track and tennis events. It served as the site of intercollegiate basketball games as well until the completion of the Bob Carpenter Center in mid-1992.
The Field House is part of a complex which includes the new arena, Delaware Stadium (football), Rullo Stadium (field hockey/lacrosse), Bob Hannah Stadium (baseball), an outdoor swimming pool, and six tennis courts.
The arena served as the site of the America East Conference (then North Atlantic Conference) men's basketball tournament championship game in 1992.
In 2010, the University installed solar panels on the half barrel roof of the Field House. In 2013, the Field House was converted into an indoor practice facility with artificial turf for all sports including football.
References
American football venues in Delaware
Athletics (track and field) venues in Delaware
Basketball venues in Delaware
College football venues
College tennis venues in the United States
College indoor track and field venues in the United States
Defunct college basketball venues in the United States
Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's tennis venues
Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens women's tennis venues
Tennis venues in Delaware
Sports venues completed in 1966
1966 establishments in Delaware |
4009510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Stallard | Mark Stallard | Mark Stallard (born 24 October 1974) is an English former professional footballer who last played for Notts County as a striker. He made more than 450 appearances in the Football League between 1991 and 2008, scoring 142 goals.
Career
Derby County
Born in Derby, Stallard began his career as a trainee in the city with Derby County in 1991. He made more than 30 league and cup appearances for Derby and spent short periods on loan at Fulham and Bradford City.
Bradford City
Stallard signed with Bradford on a permanent basis in January 1996 for a transfer fee of £110,000. He scored the second goal during Bradford's 1996 Second Division play-off final victory. A short loan spell at Preston North End in the 1996–97 season was immediately followed by a move away from The Bantams.
Wycombe Wanderers
Stallard fetched £100,000 in his transfer to Wycombe Wanderers in March 1997, where he scored 23 goals in 73 league games.
Notts County
Stallard joined Notts County in March 1999 for a fee of £10,000, where he stayed for almost five years. He scored 66 times in 185 league appearances and was named the club's player of the year and players' player of the year in 2003 after scoring 25 goals as Notts County battled against relegation during the 2002–03 season.
Barnsley
Stallard joined Barnsley in January 2004 but made only 15 appearances, before being allowed to join Chesterfield on loan in September 2004. After three months at Chesterfield, he then re-joined Notts County in February 2005 on loan for the remainder of the 2004–05 season. He was released by Barnsley at the end of the season.
Shrewsbury Town
Stallard joined Shrewsbury Town on a two-year contract in July 2005. He spent only one season at Shrewsbury Town, where he scored six times in 37 league appearances, before leaving the club.
Lincoln City
He joined Lincoln City in July 2006. He had a successful start to the 2006–07 season, scoring seven goals and collecting the League Two Player of the Month award for September 2006. He went on to score 17 goals in 66 league appearances for Lincoln in two seasons, despite his 2007–08 season being interrupted by injury and a three match suspension following a sending off against Rotherham in February 2008.
Mansfield Town
Stallard was one of four players released by Lincoln City at the end of the 2007–08 season, and joined Conference National club Mansfield Town in July 2008, rejecting an offer from Northern Premier League Premier Division outfit Eastwood Town. In December 2008, Stallard was appointed Mansfield's caretaker manager, along with fellow player Adie Moses, after the sacking of Billy McEwan. The pair won two league games before Mansfield appointed David Holdsworth as the new permanent manager.
Corby Town
On 8 July 2009, Stallard joined Conference North outfit Corby Town on a free transfer. In October 2009, Stallard retired from professional football, stating his belief that it was unfair to take a wage from the club when he was no longer performing at their level.
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Derby
English footballers
Association football forwards
English football managers
Derby County F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Barnsley F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Mansfield Town F.C. managers
Corby Town F.C. players |
4009512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke%20Kirby%20%28priest%29 | Luke Kirby (priest) | Luke Kirby (c. 1549 – 30 May 1582) was an English Catholic priest and martyr from the North of England, executed during the reign of Elizabeth I.
Kirby is said to have received his M.A. in England, probably at Cambridge, before converting to Catholicism at Louvain and entering Douai College in 1576. He was ordained a priest at Cambrai in September 1577 and left Rheims for England on 3 May 1578; however, he returned on 15 July and went to Rome. There he took the college oath at the English College, Rome, 23 April 1579. During his stay at the college he practised charity towards his countrymen in Rome who needed help, Catholic and non-Catholic. He helped them from his slender purse, and once went forty miles out of Rome to see some safe on the way. It was in Rome that he met the spy/informer Munday, who later gave false testimony against him.
He was chosen to accompany Campion and Ralph Sherwin on their way to England, and the three set out from Rome on 14 April 1580, arriving in Rheims on 31 May. On 16 June he left Rheims with William Hartley. They made the journey to the coast by Douay and Dunkirk on foot.
In June 1580, he was arrested on landing at Dover, and committed to the Gatehouse, Westminster. On 4 December, he was transferred to the Tower, where he was subjected to the torture known as the "Scavenger's Daughter" for more than an hour on 9 December. Luke Kirby was tried at the same time as Edmund Campion, on the same charge of treason against the Queen, but his execution was deferred to the following May, and took place immediately after that of William Filby. Kirby was condemned on 17 November 1581, and from 2 April until the day he died, he was put in irons. With him died Thomas Cottam, and Lawrence Richardson. All were later beatified in 1885 by Pope Leo XIII. He was canonized as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales in 1970.
References
1540s births
1582 deaths
English College, Douai alumni
English beatified people
Catholic saints who converted from Protestantism
Converts to Roman Catholicism
English Roman Catholic saints
Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
16th-century English Roman Catholic priests
People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
Executed English people
16th-century Christian saints
16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
People executed under Elizabeth I |
4009513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Hall%20Findlay | Martha Hall Findlay | Martha Hall Findlay (born August 17, 1959) is a Canadian businesswoman, entrepreneur, lawyer and politician from Toronto, Ontario, who was recently president and CEO of the Canada West Foundation, a Calgary-based think tank, and is now senior vice-president and chief sustainability officer with Suncor Energy. Previously, she was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as the Liberal Party of Canada's candidate in the Toronto riding of Willowdale in a federal by-election held on March 17, 2008, to fill a vacancy created by former Liberal MP Jim Peterson's resignation. She was re-elected in the 2008 general election but lost her seat in the 2011 election.
She had previously been the party's candidate for Newmarket—Aurora in the 2004 federal election, losing narrowly to Conservative candidate Belinda Stronach, and the first declared candidate for the Liberal Party leadership election to succeed Paul Martin in 2006. She was also an unsuccessful candidate in the 2013 leadership race.
Early life and career
Born in Toronto, Hall Findlay lived in York Mills, attending the Toronto French School until Grade 8 when she was 13 and her parents separated. She moved with her mother to Thornbury, at the base of the Blue Mountains, east of Owen Sound. She skipped three grades (9, 10 and 11) to enter Grade 12 at Georgian Bay Secondary School in Meaford, and graduated from high school at 15.
Hall Findlay was overall silver medallist in the 1976 Canadian Ski Championship, and was named to the national training squad before retiring from competition to concentrate on her education. She graduated in international relations from the University of Toronto, and in law from Osgoode Hall Law School at York University. Through university, she worked as a waitress, carpenter and ski race coach; while completing law school, she co-owned and operated two retail stores, living above the Yonge St. store.
While in the International Relations Program she married Doug Findlay and, in her second year in 1981, gave birth to her first child, Katie. At Osgoode Hall Law School she had two more children, Everett in '83 and Patrick in '85, receiving her LL.B. in 1987. At the same time her mother went back for her university degree at age 60.
In Hall Findlay's professional career she worked for six years practicing corporate and commercial law at the Toronto offices of international law firm Baker McKenzie (then known as Baker & Mckenzie), served as general counsel and executive for Bell Mobility and Mobility Canada, and later served as vice-president and general counsel for The Rider Group. After moving to Collingwood, Ontario in 1996, she founded The General Counsel Group, a legal and management consulting firm working primarily in the high-tech and telecommunications fields in Canada and Europe. In 2007, she joined the law firm of Gowlings Lafleur Henderson LLP as counsel. After losing her seat in the 2011 election Hall Findlay became the chief legal officer at EnStream LP and an Executive Fellow at the University of Calgary’s School of Public Policy.
Political career
In the 2004 federal election, the presumptive Liberal Party candidate in the riding of Newmarket—Aurora bowed out, not wanting to run for the scandal-plagued Liberal Party. Hall Findlay, still residing in Collingwood, was parachuted into the riding to challenge Conservative candidate Belinda Stronach, a wealthy local executive nationally famous for her candidacy in the Conservative leadership election earlier that year. While Stronach was thought to have a large lead on election night Hall Findlay came within 687 votes of winning the seat. Hall Findlay was dedicated to winning the seat in the next election, she moved to the riding and was acclaimed as the Liberal candidate for the new election. However, on May 17, 2005, Stronach crossed the floor to join the Liberal Party caucus, and Hall Findlay stepped down as the candidate to allow Stronach to run under the Liberal banner. With nominations closed in other Toronto area ridings she was not a candidate in the 2006 election.
2006 Leadership bid
The Liberal Party was defeated in the 2006 election and Paul Martin announced his intentions to step down as leader of the Liberal Party. On February 8, 2006, Hall Findlay became the first declared candidate for the Liberal Party leadership election to succeed Paul Martin. As the lowest profile of the candidates she jokingly referred to herself as "Martha Who Who". Hall Findlay made up for her lack of profile with an ambitious grassroots campaign that also included driving across the country in a motor home, which became known as the "big red bus". She described herself as fiscally conservative, socially progressive and the candidate who could bridge the gap between the Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin factions of the party. Political commentator Chantal Hébert wrote that out of the three women vying for the leadership, former cabinet ministers Carolyn Bennett and Hedy Fry dropped out mid-campaign, Hall Findlay "is the only one who has the necessary language credentials and the presence that front-line politicians are made of." Her two key issues in the race were the environment and health care. She believed that the Kyoto climate change protocol was worth pursuing and favoured private health care, but from a universal, single-tier and publicly funded system. Towards the end of the campaign Hall Findlay was endorsed by York West Member of Parliament Judy Sgro, she was the only member of the Liberal caucus to endorse Hall Findlay's candidacy. Along with Stéphane Dion she also received a newspaper endorsement from the Toronto Sun. Hall Findlay finished last on the first ballot with 2.7% of the vote and threw her support behind eventual winner Dion.
On December 18, 2006, Dion appointed Hall Findlay as the party's platform outreach chair. In her role she traveled across the country engaging Canadians on ideas for the party's election platform.
Willowdale MP
Hall Findlay was appointed as the Liberal candidate in the Toronto riding of Willowdale by Dion in 2007, after Liberal MP Jim Peterson announced he would not seek re-election. Willowdale was considered to be one of the Liberal Party's safest seats in the country and Hall Findlay's victory was almost guaranteed. Only months after announcing he would not seek re-election Peterson resigned from parliament, leading to a by-election to be held on March 17, 2008. Findlay faced Conservative candidate Maureen Harquail, NDP candidate Rini Ghosh, and Green Party candidate Lou Carcasole. On by-election night, Hall Findlay won nearly 60 per cent of the popular vote. Later that year she was re-elected in the general election, though her share of the popular vote fell below 49 per cent.
Dion resigned as Liberal leader in October 2008, following the party's poor showing the general election weeks prior. Hall Findlay was mentioned as a potential candidate for the leadership of the party, but announced in November that she would not be seeking the leadership. Outstanding debt from her leadership bid, as well as from the by-election and general election factored into her reason for not seeking the leadership. In December 2008 leadership candidates Dominic LeBlanc and Bob Rae dropped out of the race and Michael Ignatieff was acclaimed as party leader. Under Dion and Ignatieff she held several important Critic positions in the Official Opposition: Associate Finance; Transport, Infrastructure and Communities; Public Works and Government Services, and International Trade. With the Liberal Party finishing behind the Conservatives and NDP for the first time in the 2011 federal election Hall Findlay was narrowly defeated in her own riding by Conservative Chungsen Leung.
2013 leadership bid
Ignatieff resigned as leader following the party's showing in the 2011 election. Despite her defeat in that election, Hall Findlay made no secret of her interest in seeking the leadership of the party in the 2013 leadership race. However, with outstanding debt from her 2006 leadership bid, Hall Findlay stated that she would not run for leader until that debt was paid off. In October 2012, she announced that she had paid off the remainder of the debt and on November 14, 2012, she announced her candidacy for the leadership of the Liberal Party. While Justin Trudeau was widely viewed as the frontrunner in the race, Hall Findlay was considered among the top-tier of candidates. On April 14, 2013, she lost the leadership election to Montreal MP Justin Trudeau.
In June 2012, as an Executive Fellow with the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Hall Findlay, released a paper that called for an end to the supply management system in Canada's dairy, poultry and egg sectors. At the launch of her leadership bid on November 14, 2012, she stated that with the exception of "some politicians and dairy farmers" the reaction to her proposal to abolish supply management had been "overwhelmingly positive." Hall Findlay also announced she would be releasing policy papers every few weeks of the five month race, her first policy proposal called for a national energy strategy for energy infrastructure.
According to Elections Canada, Hall Findlay's campaign brought in $149,877.45 in donations in the fourth quarter of 2012, originally believed to be second only to Justin Trudeau who brought in $673,156.53. However, a discrepancy involving money raised to pay off her leadership debt from the 2006 races appears to have slid her into third behind Marc Garneau. Hall Findlay's campaign was managed by Stephen Carter, who managed the Calgary Mayoral campaign of Naheed Nenshi and the Alberta PC campaign under leader Alison Redford.
Post-political career
After her 2011 election loss, Hall Findlay moved to Calgary where she became an Executive Fellow with the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary. From 2011 to 2016, she was also the chief legal officer at EnStream. From 2016 to 2019, Hall Findlay was president and CEO of the Canada West Foundation think tank. In 2020, she joined Suncor as Chief Sustainability Officer.
Community involvement
Hall Findlay has served as an executive of the Alberta radio network CKUA, the Couchiching Institute on Public Affairs, and the Georgian Bay Association. She is a past president of the Pointe au Baril Islanders' Association and the Georgian Peaks Club, and was an active member of the York Region Community Foundation.
Electoral record
Willowdale
Willowdale
Willowdale
|align="left" colspan=2|Liberal hold
|align="right"|Swing
|align="right"| +3.1
|align="right"|
References
External links
1959 births
Businesspeople from Toronto
Canadian women in business
Canadian women lawyers
Women members of the House of Commons of Canada
Lawyers in Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada leadership candidates
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
People from Simcoe County
People from the Regional Municipality of York
Politicians from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Women in Ontario politics
York University alumni
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians |
4009518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Demsetz | Harold Demsetz | Harold Demsetz (; May 31, 1930 – January 4, 2019) was an American professor of economics at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA).
Career
Demsetz grew up on the West Side of Chicago, the grandchild of Jewish immigrants from central and eastern Europe. He studied engineering, forestry, and philosophy at four universities before being awarded a B.A. (1953) in economics from the University of Illinois, and an MBA (1954) and a Ph.D. (1959) from Northwestern University. While a graduate student, he published an article each in Econometrica and the Journal of Political Economy.
Demsetz taught at the University of Michigan (1958–60), UCLA, 1960–63, and the Graduate School of Business at the University of Chicago, 1963–71. In 1971, he returned permanently to UCLA's Economics Department, which he chaired 1978–80. He held the Arthur Andersen UCLA Alumni Chair in Business Economics, 1986–95. He has been affiliated with the Center for Naval Analyses and the Hoover Institution.
Demsetz was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a director of the Mont Pelerin Society, and a past (1996) president of the Western Economics Association.
Work
Demsetz belonged to the Chicago school of economic theory, and was one of the pioneers of the approach now called New Institutional Economics. He is a founder of the field of managerial economics. He has expanded the theory of property rights now prevalent in law and economics. Even though Demsetz never employed game theory, he is a major figure in industrial organization through his writings on the theory of the firm, antitrust policy, and business regulation. His expository style is devoid of mathematical formalism to an extent unusual for someone who began his career after 1950. His principal influences include Frank Knight and a number of colleagues: Armen Alchian, Ronald Coase, Aaron Director, and George Stigler.
Demsetz coined the term "nirvana fallacy" in 1969.
The 1972 Demsetz and Armen Alchian article Production, Information Costs and Economic Organization was selected as one of the twenty most important articles published in the first century of the American Economic Review.
Major publications
1967, "Toward a Theory of Property Rights," American Economic Review.
1968, "Why Regulate Utilities?" Journal of Law and Economics.
1969, "Information and Efficiency: Another Viewpoint," Journal of Law and Economics.
1972, (with Armen Alchian, "Production, Information Costs and Economic Organization", American Economic Review.
1973, "Industry Structure, Market Rivalry and Public Policy," Journal of Law and Economics.
1974, "Two systems of belief about monopoly," in H. Goldschmid, et al., eds., Industrial Concentration: The New Learning, Boston: Little Brown, also chapter 7 in, Demsetz, Harold. Efficiency, Competition, and Policy. Cambridge MA: Basil Blackwell, 1989.)
1979, "Accounting for Advertising as a Barrier to Entry," Journal of Business.
1982, Economic, Legal, and Political Dimensions of Competition.
1988, The Organization of Economic Activity, 2 vols. Blackwell. Reprints most of Demsetz's better known journal articles published as of date.
1994, (with Alexis Jacquemin). Anti-trust Economics: New Challenges for Competition Policy.
1995, The Economics of the Business Firm: Seven Critical Commentaries.
1997, "The Primacy of Economics: An Explanation of the Comparative Success of Economics in the Social Sciences" (Presidential Address to the Western Economics Association), Economic Inquiry.
2011, "From Economic Man to Economic System: Essays on Human Behavior and the Institutions of Capitalism"
References
External links
Brief biography of Demsetz on the web site of UCLA's Economics Department.
1930 births
2019 deaths
Writers from Chicago
Law and economics scholars
Scholars of competition law
20th-century American economists
21st-century American economists
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Kellogg School of Management alumni
University of Michigan faculty
University of Chicago faculty
New institutional economists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Distinguished Fellows of the American Economic Association
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews |
4009521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek%20Kvapil | Marek Kvapil | Marek Kvapil (born 5 January 1985) is a Czech professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for HC Sparta Praha of the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He has won the Gagarin Cup twice with Dynamo in 2012 and 2013. Although born in the Slovak city of Ilava, Kvapil has represented the Czech Republic in various international competitions.
Playing career
After training in HC Slavia Praha's development program, Kvapil moved to North America after being drafted by the Saginaw Spirit in the first round (11th overall) of the 2004 CHL Import Draft. He was drafted the following year by the Tampa Bay Lightning, though would never play for the team. After spending three years in their farm system, Kvapil returned to Europe in 2008 to continue his career.
On 7 April 2017, Kvapil agreed to return to the KHL in signing a one-year contract as a free agent with Amur Khabarovsk. In the 2017–18 season, Kvapil contributed with just 1 goal in 11 games before ending his brief stint with Amur in returning to the Czech Extraliga with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec on a three-year contract on 10 November 2017.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1985 births
Amur Khabarovsk players
HC Bílí Tygři Liberec players
Czech ice hockey right wingers
HC Dynamo Moscow players
Fort Wayne Komets players
Johnstown Chiefs players
KHL Medveščak Zagreb players
HC Kometa Brno players
Living people
Mississippi Sea Wolves players
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
Norfolk Admirals players
People from Ilava
Saginaw Spirit players
Severstal Cherepovets players
HC Slavia Praha players
Springfield Falcons players
Tampa Bay Lightning draft picks
HC Vítkovice players |
4009528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seney%20National%20Wildlife%20Refuge | Seney National Wildlife Refuge | The Seney National Wildlife Refuge is a managed wetland in Schoolcraft County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It has an area of 95,212 acres (385 km2). It is bordered by M-28 and M-77. The nearest town of any size is Seney, Michigan. The refuge contains the Seney Wilderness Area and the Strangmoor Bog National Natural Landmark within its boundaries.
Birds, animals and wilderness
While the Seney National Wildlife Refuge is oriented towards maintaining living space for bird life, river otters, beavers, moose, black bears and wolves also live in the refuge. 211 separate species of birds have been logged at Seney, including ducks, bald eagles, trumpeter swans, osprey, sandhill cranes, and common loons. On the western side of the National Wildlife Refuge, a parcel is officially designated as a wilderness with an area of 25,150 acres (102 km2).
Strangmoor Bog
The Seney NWR's western wilderness area, designated by federal law as the Seney Wilderness Area, includes the Strangmoor Bog National Natural Landmark. The Strangmoor Bog was landmarked as being the best surviving example in the 48 states of a sub-arctic patterned bog ecosystem, characterized by rapid glacial meltoff from an exposed sandy plain. The friable sand, exposed to the weather, was sculpted by wind and water into parallel strips of dune highland and wetland.
History
The Seney National Wildlife Refuge is built upon the remains of the Great Manistique Swamp, a perched sand wetland located in the central Upper Peninsula. After its forests were heavily exploited in 1880-1910, promoters attempted to drain the swamp for farmland. The drainage was a failure and left the wetland criss-crossed with canals, ditches, and drainage ponds. Much of the property was then abandoned for unpaid property taxes.
During the 1930s, work crews employed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) rebuilt, restored, and expanded the wetland drains, this time for active wetlands management purposes. These CCC ponds and drains are still used by the wetlands managers that staff the current National Wildlife Refuge. The Seney National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1935.
Canada geese
When the Seney National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1935, the Canada goose was a threatened species. Widespread, year-round hunting (legal and illegal) had reduced the North American population of free-flying Canada geese to a trickle of birds who avoided human beings as much as possible. One of the priorities of the new Seney NWR was to establish a refuge for free-flying Canada geese.
In January 1936, during the first winter of the Seney Refuge's operation, the refuge trucked in 300 pinioned Canada geese. These flightless geese were given a fenced-in pond area within the Refuge and were fed. It was hoped that they would produce a crop of goslings that would establish a migratory pattern of behavior and voluntarily return to the Refuge. The goslings were banded so that if they returned, the Refuge's small staff would know it.
Every year a shrinking crop of Canada goslings was hatched and flew south for the winter, but few or none returned in the following spring to Seney. Poaching was apparently continuing in the geese wintering grounds and on the flyways. Meanwhile, the parent population of wing-clipped Canada geese diminished between 1936 and 1945 from 300 to 45.
March, 1946 saw the first significant return of sixteen banded, free-flying Canada geese. This tiny flock bred true in the following years. The Seney Canada goose breeding population had multiplied to 3,000 birds by 1956, and continued to expand thereafter even after local hunting was re-legalized. The Seney National Wildlife Refuge's Canada goose project is considered to have been one of the key programs in re-establishing the Canada goose as a major wetland bird of North America.
Today
As of 2007, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, administrator of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge, was reporting that the refuge hosted approximately 88,000 visitors annually.
Seney NWR acts as the administrative unit for the following other refuges:
The Huron Islands/Huron National Wildlife Refuge in Lake Superior.
The Lake Michigan division of the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
The Whitefish Point Unit on Lake Superior in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where the Whitefish Point Bird Observatory conducts research on migrating birds. In 1998, the United States Coast Guard transferred from the Whitefish Point Light Station to the USFWS to form the Whitefish Point Unit of the Seney NWR. The USFWS shares governance of the former light station with the Michigan Audubon Society and the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society through a Management Plan. The USFWS has final oversight at Whitefish Point. On August 30, 2012, the USFWS added acres and more than of Lake Superior shoreline as critical piping plover habitat to Whitefish Point unit.
Notes
References
External links
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Whitefish Point Unit of Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Whitefish Point Bird Observatory
National Natural Landmarks in Michigan
National Wildlife Refuges in Michigan
Protected areas of Schoolcraft County, Michigan
Protected areas established in 1935
Important Bird Areas of Michigan
Civilian Conservation Corps in Michigan
1935 establishments in Michigan
Wetlands of Michigan
Landforms of Schoolcraft County, Michigan |
4009532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMHS | BMHS | BMHS may refer to:
British Music Hall Society
Barnes and Mortlake History Society
Barrington Municipal High School
Benbrook Middle-High School
Bishop McNamara High School
Bishop Martin High School
Blue Mountain High School
Banting Memorial High School
Bell Multicultural High School
Beloit Memorial High School
Bernice MacNaughton High School
Billerica Memorial High School
Bishop Miege High School
Bishop Montgomery High School
Bishop McCort High School
Brien McMahon High School
Brother Martin High School
Bohemia Manor High School |
4009542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20in%20Richmond%2C%20Virginia | Media in Richmond, Virginia | According to nielsen media statistics for 2015–2016, the Richmond, Virginia market area is the 56th largest Designated Market Area in the United States, with 549,730 TV households. Richmond is served by a variety of communication media:
Print media
Daily
The local daily newspaper in Richmond is the Richmond Times-Dispatch.
Weekly
Style Weekly (alternative weekly)
Chesterfield Observer
Monthly / bi-monthly / quarterly
NORTH of the JAMES Magazine (monthly)
Boomer Magazine (bi-monthly)
Chesterfield Living, West Ends Best, Hanover Lifestyle (bi-monthly)
Greater Richmond Grid Magazine (bi-monthly)
OurHealth Richmond Magazine (bi-monthly)
Richmond Magazine (monthly)
RVA Magazine (quarterly)
Virginia Business (monthly)
Whurk (monthly)
News and newsmagazines
The Richmond Free Press and the Richmond Voice are weekly newspapers that cover the news from a predominantly African American perspective. The only Hispanic magazine in the state, La Voz Hispana de Virginia provides significant cultural and news content in both English and Spanish. There are also two major publications from the Jewish community of Richmond, published in English; The Reflector is the semi-weekly newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Richmond and Virginia Jewish Life (formerly Virginia Jewish News) is an independent monthly magazine published by the Chabad community of Richmond, but highlighting stories of general Jewish interest in Virginia. City Edition was a civic-minded newspaper that listed municipal and council related events, issues, and results, which stopped publication in October 2007. . Richmond.com is an online newsmagazine with a wide readership. Other local topical publications include Richmond Parents Magazine and V Magazine for Women. the voice of women in Richmond. Richmond Guide is a quarterly that is targeted toward visitors. The Virginia Defender is a quarterly statewide community newspaper with a press run of 16,000 distributed through nearly 300 distribution sites in Richmond, plus 16 other Virginia cities and five counties.
Richmond's leading African American newspaper at the turn of the century was the Richmond Planet which ran from 1883 to 1996 and was edited by John Mitchel, Jr. from 1884 until his death in 1929.
Regional and county newspapers include the following:
The Amelia Bulletin Monitor for Amelia County, Virginia
Capital News Service at VCU for regional and national news
The Chesterfield Observer for Chesterfield County, Virginia
The Goochland Courier for Goochland County, Virginia
The Goochland Gazette for Goochland County, Virginia
The Henrico Citizen for Henrico County, Virginia
The Hopewell News (defunct) for Hopewell, Virginia
Petersburg Progress-Index for Petersburg, Virginia
RVA Magazine
Virginia Living is a glossy magazine published bi-monthly that covers Virginia events.
Student Operated
Many colleges and universities in Richmond have student operated new services including The Richard T. Robertson School of Media and Culture at Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Student Media, VUU, and University of Richmond. Examples of student operated media include VCU's Commonwealth Times, VCU Capital News Service and VCU InSight ','Ink, Amendment, Emanata, and Poictesme''.
Television
Richmond is served by several television stations.
Broadcast
Richmond's over-the-air television stations:
** As of August, 2019, this station is indicated as Silent on the FCC's broadcast database.
Repack refers to the impending reallocation of channel assignments following FCC Auctions 1001/1002, which is designed to sell unused TV spectrum to wireless service operators. Richmond-area stations will begin testing in January 2020, and will have to move to their new channels by March 13, 2020.
Primary station signals air on 2-3 channels per cable system (usually one in standard definition and 1–2 in high definition). Subchannels are cleared on cable systems through contractual agreements, and are generally in standard definition.
Cable
Comcast is the primary cable television provider for the Richmond area (Richmond city proper, Chesterfield, Henrico County) and the Tri-Cities (area includes Petersburg, Colonial Heights, Hopewell and the counties of Dinwiddie and Prince George). In the city and Henrico County, it is the successor to the franchise originally held by Continental Cablevision, then MediaOne, then AT&T Broadband, before Comcast acquired AT&T Broadband. In Chesterfield, it is the successor to the franchise originally held by Storer Cable. In the nearby Tri-Cities area, it is the successor to the franchise originally held by Sammons Communications, then Marcus Cable, then Tele-Media, then Adelphia, before Comcast acquired Adelphia.
Verizon now offers television through its fiber-optic system, FiOS TV, in Richmond City and Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, and is currently expanding its services farther into the outlying Richmond area.
Radio
The metropolitan area is served by a variety of radio stations, serving a wide variety of musical and other interests.
AM
Several AM stations serve a variety of music, talk, and sports topics, including the following:
FM
On the FM dial, popular music stations include the following:
HD Radio
Media corporations
Commercial radio ownership in Richmond is dominated by three companies:
Entercom (WRVA-AM, WRVQ, WTVR-FM, WBTJ, WRXL, WRNL-AM)
SummitMedia LLC (WKLR, WMXB, WJSR, WKHK)
Urban One (WCDX, WKJS, WKJX, WPZZ, WTPS-AM)
Commonwealth Public Broadcasting Corporation is the owner of several stations in Richmond (WCVE-TV, WCVE-FM, WWLB-FM, WBBT-FM, WCVW-TV), along with translators in Charlottesville, and another station in Northern Virginia, and is headquartered in Richmond.
Communication schools
Richmond is home to the VCU School of Mass Communications, which was founded in 1978 and offers bachelor's and master's degrees in journalism, advertising and public relations. It is accredited by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC). The school houses Capital News Service, VCU InSight, and the VCU Create-A-thon.
See also
Virginia media
List of newspapers in Virginia
List of radio stations in Virginia
List of television stations in Virginia
Media of cities in Virginia: Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Roanoke, Virginia Beach
External links
2005 Mediaweek review of Richmond-Petersburg Media
www.nielsenmedia.com DMA rankings
(Directory ceased in 2017)
Richmond |
4009559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vought-Sikorsky%20VS-300 | Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 | The Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 (or S-46) is an American single-engine helicopter designed by Igor Sikorsky. It had a single three-blade rotor originally powered by a 75 horsepower (56 kW) engine. The first "free" flight of the VS-300 was on 13 May 1940. The VS-300 was the first successful single lifting rotor helicopter in the United States and the first successful helicopter to use a single vertical-plane tail rotor configuration for antitorque. With floats attached, it became the first practical amphibious helicopter.
Design and development
Igor Sikorsky's quest for a practical helicopter began in 1938, when as the Engineering Manager of the Vought-Sikorsky Division of United Aircraft Corporation, he was able to convince the directors of United Aircraft that his years of study and research into rotary-wing flight problems would lead to a breakthrough. His first experimental machine, the VS-300, was test flown by Sikorsky on 14 September 1939, tethered by cables. In developing the concept of rotary-wing flight, Sikorsky was the first to introduce a single engine to power both the main and tail rotor systems. The only previous successful attempt at a single-lift rotor helicopter, the Yuriev-Cheremukhin TsAGI-1EA in 1931 in the Soviet Union, used a pair of uprated, Russian-built Gnome Monosoupape rotary engines of 120 hp each for its power. For later flights of his VS-300, Sikorsky also added a vertical airfoil surface to the end of the tail to assist anti-torque but this was later removed when it proved to be ineffective.
The cyclic control was found to be difficult to perfect, and led to Sikorsky locking the cyclic and adding two smaller vertical-axis lifting rotors to either side aft of the tailboom. By varying pitch of these rotors simultaneously, fore and aft control was provided. Roll control was provided by differential pitching of the blades. In this configuration, it was found that the VS-300 could not fly forward easily and Sikorsky joked about turning the pilot's seat around.
Operational history
Sikorsky fitted utility floats (also called pontoons) to the VS-300 and performed a water landing and takeoff on 17 April 1941, making it the first practical amphibious helicopter. On 6 May 1941, the VS-300 beat the world endurance record held by the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, by staying aloft for 1 hour 32 minutes and 26.1 seconds. A two-seater version was delivered to the US Army in May 1942.
The final variant of the VS-300 was powered by a 150 hp Franklin engine. The VS-300 was one of the first helicopters capable of carrying cargo. The VS-300 was modified over a two-year period, including the removal of the two vertical tail rotors, in 1941, when a new cyclic control system gave it much-improved flight behavior.
Surviving aircraft
In 1943, the VS-300 was retired to the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. It has been on display there ever since, except for a trip back to the Sikorsky Aircraft plant for restoration in 1985.
Specifications (VS-300)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
Chiles, James R. The God Machine: From Boomerangs to Black Hawks: The Story of the Helicopter. New York: Bantam, 2008. .
Dorr, Robert F. Chopper: A History of America Military Helicopter Operations from WWII to the War on Terror. New York: Penguin Books, 2005. .
Munson, Kenneth. Helicopters and Other Rotorcraft Since 1907. London: Blandford, 1968. .
Munson, Kenneth. US Warbirds, From World War 1 to Vietnam. New York: New Orchard, 1985. .
Sikorsky, I. I. "Development of the VS-300 Helicopter (A paper read at the Rotating Wing Aircraft Session of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences by Sikorsky, I. I, Engineering Manager, Vought-Sikorsky Division of the United Aircraft Corporation)". Flight, 3 September 1942.
External links
"Wingless Helicopter Flies Straight Up", Popular Mechanics, September 1940 article showing Sikorsky flying his first helicopter
Heroes of the Sky: VS300 exhibit at the Henry Ford Museum
1940s United States experimental aircraft
Amphibious helicopters
Experimental helicopters
VS-300
1940s United States helicopters
Single-engined piston helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1939 |
4009560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Schulhoff | Julius Schulhoff | Julius Schulhoff (Julius Šulhov) (2 August 182515 March 1898) was a Bohemian pianist and composer of Jewish birth. As a composer, he was best known for his virtuosic salon pieces for solo piano, which included a grand sonata in F minor, twelve études, and various caprices, impromptus, waltzes, and mazurkas.
Life and career
Schulhoff was born in Prague, where he began studying piano with Kisch and Ignaz Amadeus Tedesco and also trained in music theory with Václav Tomášek. He made his debut at Dresden in 1842 and soon afterwards appeared at the Leipzig Gewandhaus. Moving to Paris shortly afterwards, he met Frédéric Chopin, who encouraged him in his bid to become an established professional pianist. The concerts that Schulhoff gave at Chopin's suggestion were greeted with such acclaim that he embarked on a long tour through France and to London, continuing his travels through Spain (1851) and Russia (1853).
After this tour he returned to Paris, where he devoted himself entirely to composition and teaching. He continued as a piano teacher when he settled in Dresden in 1870 and later moved to Berlin in 1897. He died in Berlin in 1898, aged 72. He was the great-uncle of the 20th-century composer Erwin Schulhoff.
References
Article in Jewish Encyclopedia
Sources
External links
musicologie.org Full score
1825 births
1898 deaths
Austrian classical composers
Austrian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Czech Jews
Czech male classical composers
Austrian male classical composers
Czech classical pianists
Jewish classical composers
Jewish classical pianists
Musicians from Prague
Pupils of Václav Tomášek
Czech Romantic composers
19th-century classical composers
19th-century classical pianists
19th-century Czech male musicians |
4009565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Stover | Jeff Stover | Jeff Stover is a retired defensive lineman for the San Francisco 49ers American football team during the 1980s.
History
Stover finished in third place in the NCAA shot put competition in 1979. In 1980, while attending the University of Oregon, he was named Pac-10 champion shot putter. With record-breaking statistics, Stover made it to the 1980 Olympic trials. However, as a result of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott by the United States (held that year in Moscow), he never had the opportunity to compete.
Stover had a great eagerness to play professional football, and earned a tryout with the San Francisco 49ers shortly after they won Super Bowl XVI. He was signed by the 49ers, but played sparingly during his first few seasons. In 1984, he was named the team's starting left end, but a knee injury during the first regular season match against the Detroit Lions caused him to miss several games. In 1985, he finally played a full, healthy season in a starting role, and registered 10 sacks. In 1986, in 15 games, he registered 11 sacks.
He is one of only seven 49ers defensive linemen (along with Dwaine Board, Charles Haley, Dana Stubblefield, Chris Doleman, Roy Barker, and Bryant Young) to register 10 or more sacks more than once during their tenure with the team since the statistic started being recorded in 1982...
Stover remained a free agent through all of training camp and preseason in 1987 (in the midst of talk of a possible strike by the players), but signed before the season began. However, this proved to be a turning point in his career, as he in poor physical condition and posted only 3.5 sacks. In 1988, he failed to register even half a sack for the first time in his career, but still was able to play in the Super Bowl against the Cincinnati Bengals. He retired following the season and now owns the Chico Sports Club in Chico, California. He became interested in medicine and rehabilitation largely because he was plagued by injuries in his own career.
Playing style
He was capable of simply overpowering opposing linemen. He could play defensive end in the 3-4 and defensive tackle in the 4-3, and regardless of where he played, he would simply try to run over his opponents rather than beat them with speed. In 1984, Bill Walsh called him his "most consistent defensive player."
Other sources
Jeff Stover's Football Reference
References
1958 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
Oregon Ducks football players
San Francisco 49ers players
Players of American football from California |
4009568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana%20Massacre | Banana Massacre | The Banana Massacre () was a massacre of United Fruit Company workers that occurred between December 5 and 6, 1928 in the town of Ciénaga near Santa Marta, Colombia. A strike began on November 12, 1928, when the workers ceased to work until the company would reach an agreement with them to grant them dignified working conditions. After several weeks with no agreement, in which the United Fruit Company refused to negotiate with the workers, the conservative government of Miguel Abadía Méndez sent the Colombian Army in against the strikers, resulting in the massacre of 47 to 2,000 people.
U.S. officials in Colombia and United Fruit representatives portrayed the workers' strike as "communist" with a "subversive tendency" in telegrams to Frank B. Kellogg, the United States Secretary of State. The Colombian government was also compelled to work for the interests of the company, considering they could cut off trade of Colombian bananas with significant markets such as the United States and Europe.
Gabriel García Márquez depicted a fictional version of the massacre in his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, as did Álvaro Cepeda Samudio in his La Casa Grande. Although García Márquez references the number of dead as around three thousand, the actual number of dead workers is unknown.
Strike
The workers of the banana plantations in Colombia went on strike on November 12, 1928. The workers made nine demands from the United Fruit Company:
Stop their practice of hiring through sub-contractors
Mandatory collective insurance
Compensation for work accidents
Hygienic dormitories and 6 day work weeks
Increase in daily pay for workers who earned less than 100 pesos per month
Weekly wage
Abolition of office stores
Abolition of payment through coupons rather than money
Improvement of hospital services
The strike turned into the largest labor movement ever witnessed in the country until then. Radical members of the Liberal Party, as well as members of the Socialist and Communist Parties, participated.
The workers wanted to be recognized as employees, and demanded the implementation of the Colombian legal framework of the 1920s.
Massacre
An army regiment from Bogotá was dispatched by the government to deal with the strikers, which it deemed to be subversive. Whether these troops were sent in at the behest of the United Fruit Company did not at first clearly emerge.
Three hundred soldiers were sent from Antioquia to Magdalena. There were no soldiers from Magdalena involved because General Cortes Vargas, the army-appointed military chief of the banana zone in charge of controlling the situation, did not believe they would be able to take effective actions, as they might be related to the plantation workers.
The troops set up their machine guns on the roofs of the low buildings at the corners of the main square, closed off the access streets,
and, after issuing a five-minute warning that people should leave, opened fire into a dense Sunday crowd of workers and their families including children. The people had gathered after Sunday Mass to wait for an anticipated address from the governor.
Number of people dead
General Cortés Vargas, who commanded the troops during the massacre, took responsibility for 47 casualties. In reality, the exact number of casualties has never been confirmed. Herrera Soto, co-author of a comprehensive and detailed study of the 1928 strike, has put together various estimates given by contemporaries and historians, ranging from 47 to as high as 2,000. According to Congressman Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, the killed strikers were thrown into the sea. Other sources claim that the bodies were buried in mass graves.
Among the survivors was Luis Vicente Gámez, later a famous local figure, who survived by hiding under a bridge for three days. Every year after the massacre he delivered a memorial service over the radio.
The press has reported different numbers of deaths and different opinions about the events that took place that night. The conclusion is that there is no agreed-on story, but rather diverse variations depending on the source they come from. The American press provided biased information on the strike. The Colombian press was also biased depending on the political alignment of the publication. For example, the Bogotá-based newspaper El Tiempo stated that the workers were within their rights in wanting to improve their conditions. However, since the newspaper was politically conservative, they also noted that they did not agree with the strike.
Official U.S. telegrams
Telegram from Bogotá Embassy to the U.S. Secretary of State, Frank B. Kellogg, dated December 5, 1928, stated:
Telegram from Santa Marta Consulate to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 6, 1928, stated:
Telegram from Bogotá Embassy to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 7, 1928, stated:
Telegram from the U.S. Department of State to Santa Marta Consulate, dated December 8, 1928, stated:
Telegram from Santa Marta Consulate to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 9, 1928, stated:
Dispatch from Santa Marta Consulate to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 11, 1928, stated:
Dispatch from Bogotá Embassy to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 11, 1928, stated:
Dispatch from U.S. Bogotá Embassy to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 29, 1928, stated:
Dispatch from U.S. Bogotá Embassy to the US Secretary of State, dated January 16, 1929, stated:
Consequences
Guerrilla movements in Colombia such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) argued that the growth of Communism in Colombia was triggered by atrocities like these, and called it state terrorism.
Some sources claim there are connections between this massacre and the atrocities committed in more recent years by Chiquita Brands in Colombian territory. Chiquita admitted paying 1.7 million dollars to the paramilitary group AUC (United Self Defense Forces of Colombia), who have killed hundreds of Colombian citizens. This company has financed war machines by paying this terrorist group. They claimed that they had been victims of extortion and said the payments were made as a way to protect their workers from the paramilitaries, but the people seem to object. In the documentary “Banana Land” Colombian plantain workers speak up about how they feel terrorized by multinational companies like Chiquita and their work with paramilitaries. They even say that people who speak up about the way they feel are at risk of being targeted by the AUC.
In popular culture
Gabriel García Márquez depicted a fictional version of the massacre in his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, as did Álvaro Cepeda Samudio in his La Casa Grande. Although García Márquez references the number of dead as around three thousand, the actual number of dead workers is unknown.
The event also inspired Italian singer-songwriter Francesco De Gregori's song Ninetto e la colonia, released with his 1976 album Bufalo Bill. Before the soldiers start shooting on the frightened and praying crowd, only Ninetto scemo, a silly little child, due to his innocence, is able to ask the relevant question, though in vain: "Who are those who sent you?" The soldier replies that the answer does not matter, as those who sent him do not speak their language and live far away.
See also
Tlatelolco massacre
Notes
External links
The Santa Marta Massacre
Gabriel García Márquez and His Approach to History in One Hundred Years of Solitude
Chiquita brands and their actions in Colombia
This Day In HISTORY: December 06, 1928 Banana Massacre The History Channel.
1928 in Colombia
1928 labor disputes and strikes
December 1928 events
Massacres in the 1920s
Massacres in Colombia
Labor disputes in Colombia
Political repression in Colombia
Santa Marta
Conflicts in 1928
United Fruit Company
Mass murder in 1928
Agriculture and forestry strikes
United Fruit Company labor relations |
4009572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice%20%282005%20film%29 | Voice (2005 film) | Voice ( also known as Whispering Corridors 4: Voice and Voice Letter) is a 2005 South Korean horror film, and the fourth installment of the Whispering Corridors film series. The film was the debut film for its three young actresses, as well as director Choi Ik-Hwan, who had served as an assistant director on the first film of the series.
It was screened at the 2006 San Francisco Korean American Film Festival.
Plot
Young-eon (Kim Ok-bin), the top singer at an all-girls school, is murdered by a music sheet cutting her throat in the opening scene. The next day nobody can see or hear her except her friend Seon-min (Seo Ji-hye), who can only hear her. The two attempt to find out what happened to Young-eon. Seon-min begins speculating that the music teacher must have killed Young-eon. The mystery behind her death is slowly unraveled as Young-eon has flashbacks of life before her death.
Seon-min befriends a strange and lonely girl at school named Cho-ah (Cha Ye-ryun), who can hear the voices of the dead, and she helps the two solve the incident. Meanwhile, the music teacher kills herself. Seon-min begins to doubt what Young-eon says after Cho-ah tells her that ghosts only remember what they want to, meaning Young-eon's memory may be incorrect. Young-eon's body is found in on top of the elevator.
Young-eon is running out of time to discover who the other ghost is; if her friend forgets about her, she will lose her voice. Some of the flashbacks include her mother, who is in a hospital. In one flashback, she talks to her mother about how she will learn to drive when she is old enough. Another features how her mother committed suicide by jumping off the top of the hospital. In the end, Young-eon is revealed to have driven her mother to suicide, and might have multiple personality disorder due to the trauma and guilt of encouraging her mother to kill herself. Young-eon brings tears to her music teacher's eyes when she asks the teacher to sing, leading the latter to contemplate suicide.
It turns out that Young-eon had been hearing the voices of her teacher and of the ghost, Hyo-jung, the whole time. Young-eon wanted the teacher dead to get rid of Hyo-jung's voice. Hyo-jung was a student and top singer at the school who fell in love with the music teacher. She has the same voice as Young-eon and they are both recorded in a song. Hyo-jung is revealed to have shot the music sheet at Young-eon's throat in the opening scene out of anger at losing her voice. Seon-min thinks Young-eon should move on but Young-eon is angered by her statement, since she wants nothing more than to live again. Young-eon kills Cho-ah and takes over Seon-min's body. She then walks alongside Seon-min's mother, talking about how, as soon as she is old enough, she will learn to drive.
A scene during the credits shows Cho-ah shouting in frustration, but voiceless.
Cast
Kim Ok-bin as Young-Eun
Seo Ji-hye as Seon-Min
Cha Ye-ryun as Cho-Ah
Kim Seo-hyung as Hee-Yeon
Im Hyun-Kyung as Hyo-Jung
Jeon Ji-ae as Hwa-Jung
Yoon Young as Hye-Sun
Lee Eun as Mi-Hee
Sun Joo-Yeon as Jin-Young
Won Ae-Ri as Myung-Sook
Park Yoon-Kyung as Eun-Ha
Kim Sung-Tae as Homeroom teacher
Han Chae-Woo as Athletic teacher
Kim Jung-young as Young-Eon's mother
References
External links
2005 films
South Korean horror films
Korean-language films
South Korean films
2005 horror films
South Korean supernatural horror films |
4009576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Puffy%20Shirt | The Puffy Shirt | "The Puffy Shirt" is the second episode of the fifth season of the American NBC sitcom Seinfeld. It was the 66th episode and originally aired on September 23, 1993. The episode centers on Jerry having to wear an ostentatious "puffy" shirt on The Today Show after he unwittingly agreed to promote it for Kramer's girlfriend because she spoke too quietly for him to understand what she was asking. In a subplot, George embarks on a promising career as a hand model. Larry David, the co-creator of the show, came up with the idea to use the shirt, and cites this episode as one of his favorites in the series.
Plot
Kramer is dating Leslie, a "low-talker" whom everyone struggles to understand due to her quiet speaking voice. When Jerry and Elaine have dinner with them, Kramer explains that Leslie is a fashion designer and has designed a new puffy shirt "like the pirates used to wear." Elaine tells Leslie that Jerry is making an appearance on The Today Show to promote a Goodwill benefit to clothe the poor and homeless. Leslie says something in response, but they cannot make out what it is. To be polite, they nod their heads. The next day, Kramer delivers the shirt to Jerry, who realizes that he had inadvertently agreed to wear Leslie's puffy shirt on The Today Show. The idea of wearing such an ostentatious shirt while promoting a benefit for the poor outrages Elaine.
At a restaurant with his parents, George accidentally bumps into a woman who turns out to be a modeling agent. When she notices his hands, she declares they are beautiful and that he should become a hand model. He agrees, and in preparation for his first photo shoot becomes protective of his hands, having manicures and shielding them with oven mitts.
During the Today Show, host Bryant Gumbel repeatedly mocks Jerry's shirt, driving him to angrily denounce it on air. Leslie finally raises her voice to furiously call Jerry a "bastard". After the show, George arrives at the dressing room and takes off his oven mitts to show off his hands. When he mocks the puffy shirt, Leslie angrily pushes him, causing him to fall onto a hot clothes iron and ruin his hands, ending his hand model career.
Elaine is fired from the Goodwill benefit committee, Jerry is heckled about the shirt during his stand-up comedy, and Kramer breaks up with Leslie. The stores cancel their pre-orders and the unsold shirts are given to Goodwill. As Jerry, Kramer, Elaine, and George walk down the street, they see homeless men dressed in the puffy shirts. Jerry remarks that it is not a bad-looking shirt after all.
Production
This was the first episode to feature Jerry Stiller as George Costanza’s dad, Frank. Stiller reshot John Randolph's earlier appearance as Frank in "The Handicap Spot" for syndication.
References
External links
Seinfeld (season 5) episodes
1993 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Larry David |
4009595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Trade%20Mart | International Trade Mart | The International Trade Mart was a New Orleans-based organization promoting international trade and the Port of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The organization was founded in 1946, and merged with International House in 1968, when it was renamed to World Trade Center New Orleans.
After World War II, New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw returned to New Orleans where he became a founder of the International Trade Mart (ITM). From 1947 to his retirement in 1965, Shaw ran the ITM as a managing director.
The International Trade Mart was chartered in 1945, first opened in 1948, and in 1968, merged with International House to form the World Trade Center New Orleans (WTCNO), a private, non-profit organization with a membership of 2,000 corporations and individuals dedicated to improving international trade with New Orleans.
Like its predecessor organizations, the WTCNO continues to sponsor trade missions to Latin American and Caribbean nations to conduct a variety of educational programs, conferences, seminars, and trade shows and to host dignitaries and other visitors from New Orleans' trade partner nations.
In 1968, the WTCNO moved into a purpose-built 33-story building at 2 Canal Street, designed by architect Edward Durell Stone. The building overlooks the Mississippi River and the French Quarter. After Hurricane Katrina, the building was unoccupied, and in 2012 it was purchased from the WTCNO by the City of New Orleans. In 2018, the city announced that the building would be redeveloped into a hotel and apartment complex, set to open in 2021. The World Trade Center New Orleans organization has offices in a nearby building, One Canal Place.
Trade expansionists advanced their cause further by forming the International Trade Mart (ITM). They intended that International House and ITM would complement each other and together would form the international program's foundation. The mart satisfied a longstanding ambition for an institution that could exhibit commodities and could provide a setting where buyer and seller could meet easily in New Orleans.
References
Bibliography
Arthur E. Carpenter. Gateway to the Americas: New Orleans' Quest for Latin American Trade, 1900-1970 (Tulane University, 1987)
Organizations established in 1945
Companies based in New Orleans
1945 establishments in Louisiana |
4009607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Were%20the%20Mulvaneys%20%28film%29 | We Were the Mulvaneys (film) | We Were the Mulvaneys is a 2002 American television film directed by Peter Werner, written by Joyce Eliason, and starring Beau Bridges, Blythe Danner and Tammy Blanchard. It is based on the book of the same name by Joyce Carol Oates. It premiered on Lifetime Television, and was nominated for three Emmys.
Cast
Beau Bridges as Michael Mulvaney, Sr.
Blythe Danner as Corinne Mulvaney
Tammy Blanchard as Marianne Mulvaney
Tom Guiry as Judd Mulvaney, the narrator
Jacob Pitts as Patrick Mulvaney
Mark Famiglietti as Mike Mulvaney Jr.
Shawn Roberts as Zachary Lundt
Colin Ferguson as Dr. Witt
Production
We Were the Mulvaneys was filmed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
External links
2002 television films
2002 films
2002 drama films
American drama films
American films
Lifetime (TV network) films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Peter Werner
Films scored by Patrick Williams |
4009620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular%20Movement%20%28Italy%29 | Popular Movement (Italy) | The Popular Movement (Movimento Popolare) was an Italian political organization within the Christian Democracy (DC) party.
It was founded in 1975 by Roberto Formigoni and other members of the Catholic group Communion and Liberation. It ceased activity at the time of the demise of the DC party in 1992–94. Most of its members followed Formigoni into the United Christian Democrats (CDU) in 1995.
Political party factions in Italy |
4009624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver%20Underground%20Film%20Festival | Denver Underground Film Festival | The Denver Underground Film Festival (DUFF) premiered November 21–23, 1997 at The Bug Theater in Denver, Colorado. Since then the visions of hundreds of independent filmmakers from around the world have been showcased, including films by classic experimental and avant-garde filmmakers like Stan Brakhage, Luis Buñuel, Fassbinder, and Man Ray.
References
External links
Official site
Oldest site capture (2003) by Internet Archive of the former duffcinema.com domain
2013 site capture by Internet Archive of the former duffcinema.com domain
Film festivals in Colorado
Festivals in Denver
Tourist attractions in Denver
Underground film festivals
Experimental film festivals |
4009631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Can%27t%20Unlove%20You | I Can't Unlove You | "I Can't Unlove You" is a song recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in December 2005 as the first single from his album Water & Bridges. The song was written by Wade Kirby and Will Robinson. In Brazil, the song had a version titled "Eu Não Sei Dizer Que Eu Não Te Amo", performed by the duo Edson & Hudson in Portuguese and by Kenny Rogers in English.
Critical reception
Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe wrote that Rogers "sounds as good as ever on this breakup song that rises above its awkward title." The song also received a favorable review from Deborah Evans Price of Billboard, who said that "Rogers delivers this gorgeous ballad in the warm, straightforward style that has made him a household name."
Music video
The music video was directed by Peter Zavadil and premiered in December 2005.
Chart performance
The song debuted at #57 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of December 10, 2005.
It would be his final Top 20 single.
References
2005 singles
Kenny Rogers songs
Capitol Records Nashville singles
Song recordings produced by Dann Huff
Music videos directed by Peter Zavadil
Country ballads
Songs written by Wade Kirby
Songs written by Will Robinson (songwriter)
2005 songs |
4009636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton-Conover%20High%20School | Newton-Conover High School | Newton-Conover High School (NCHS) is a public high school located in Newton, North Carolina, and is the one of two secondary schools in Newton-Conover City Schools system, alongside Discovery High School.
Athletics
Newton-Conover High School is a member of the North Carolina High School Athletic Association (NCHSAA) and competes in the 2A classification for high school athletics. Listed below are team state championships the Red Devils have won:
Football – 2008
Men's Golf – 2013, 2014, 2015
Men's Soccer – 2007, 2014, 2017
Men's Tennis – 2010, 2011
Men's Track & Field – 2000
Volleyball – 2011
Women's Basketball – 1992, 2020
Women's Golf – 2021
Women's Tennis – 1986
Wrestling State Dual Team – 2013, 2014, 2016
Notable people
Alumni
Dale Jarrett, NASCAR driver and 1999 Winston Cup Series champion
Chaz Beasley, North Carolina House of Representatives member
W. Stine Isenhower, North Carolina House of Representatives member
Robert Kearns, bass player for Lynyrd Skynyrd and Sheryl Crow
Brock Long, former director of FEMA
Andy Petree, vice president of Richard Childress Racing and NASCAR crew chief
Jerry Punch, auto racing and college football commentator
Dennis Setzer, NASCAR driver
Faculty
Andrea Stinson, former WNBA player and NC State Hall of Fame recipient
References
External links
Official site
Public high schools in North Carolina
Schools in Catawba County, North Carolina
Educational institutions in the United States with year of establishment missing |
4009664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%20Texas | Planet Texas | "Planet Texas" is a song written by John Andrew Parks III, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in May 1989 as the second single from the album Something Inside So Strong. The song reached #30 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.
Content
The song tells the story of the narrator's encounter with extraterrestrials who take him on a journey through outer space. Upon returning to Earth, he asks the alien visitors of their origin; they reply they are from a planet called Texas, "the biggest place in outer space" (a nod to Texas' "larger than life" notoriety). Rogers described the song as "the most unique song" he had done in many years.
Julien Temple directed the song's music video, which features a number of special effects and cost over $600,000 to make.
Chart performance
References
1989 singles
Kenny Rogers songs
Song recordings produced by Jim Ed Norman
Reprise Records singles
1989 songs
Songs about Texas
Songs about extraterrestrial life
Music videos directed by Julien Temple
Songs about outer space |
4009671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%20Carter | Pat Carter | Pat Carter (born August 1, 1966) is a former American football player, active from 1988 to 1998. After graduating from Florida State University, Carter played tight end for the Detroit Lions, the Los Angeles and St. Louis Rams, the Houston Oilers, and the Arizona Cardinals.
Pat Carter entered his third NFL season with Head Coach Rod Marinelli’s coaching staff. He returned to Detroit as the Lions’ tight ends coach in 2006 after originally being drafted as a tight end out of Florida State by the Lions in the second round (32nd overall) of the 1988 NFL Draft.
Before joining the Lions staff, Carter served as an offensive assistant in St. Louis for the 2005 season after working as a coaching intern for the Rams in 2004.
After playing his rookie season with the Lions (1988), Carter moved on to spend the bulk of his pro career with the Rams (1989–93, 1995) after he was traded by the Lions to the Rams in August 1989 for a fourth-round pick in the 1990 draft. He also played one season with the Houston Oilers (1994) and finished his 10-year career with Arizona (1996–97). Carter, who earned first-team All-America honors by The Sporting News as a senior at Florida State, played in 154 NFL games and had 107 career receptions for 1,117 yards and nine touchdowns. His best pro season was in 1996 when he registered 26 receptions for 329 yards and a touchdown with the Cardinals.
References
External links
Detroit Lions
1966 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida
American football tight ends
Florida State Seminoles football players
Detroit Lions players
Los Angeles Rams players
Houston Oilers players
St. Louis Rams players
Arizona Cardinals players |
4009681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20McCoy | Isaac McCoy | Isaac McCoy (June 13, 1784 – June 21, 1846) was a Baptist missionary among the Native Americans in what is now Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, and Kansas. He was an advocate of Indian removal from the eastern United States, proposing an Indian state in what is now Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. He also played an instrumental role in the founding of Grand Rapids, Michigan and Kansas City, Missouri.
Early life
McCoy was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in 1784. Five years later, the McCoy family rafted down the Ohio River to Kentucky, settling first near Louisville and in 1792 in Shelby County. His father was a Baptist minister, sharing profound arguments with him about religion. His father, on theological principles shared by many of his congregation, was opposed to evangelizing. McCoy was inspired in childhood to become a missionary to Native Americans and determined on that work.
Marriage and family
In 1804 at the age of 20, Isaac McCoy married Christiana Polke (1778–1851), age 16, in Kentucky; she was a cousin of the future President James K. Polk. Christiana's family had been at Kincheloe's Station, Nelson County, Kentucky, when it was attacked. Her mother and four siblings were carried into captivity by the Shawnee and Christiana was born after that time. They were taken to Michigan, where they lived with the Indians for 13 months. They were eventually "bought" or ransomed by the British, who sent them south to return to their people in Kentucky.
The McCoys had 14 children, only four of whom survived to adulthood. John Calvin McCoy assisted his father and became prominent in the early history of the Kansas and Missouri frontiers.
McCoy's wife, Christiana, died in Kansas City in 1851. A stream in Elkhart County, Indiana and a lake in Cass County, Michigan are named for her.
Westward migration
Soon after their marriage, the young couple departed Kentucky for Vincennes, Indiana. Although he had no training and no formal education, McCoy became a part-time preacher. In 1808 the Silver Creek Baptist Church, the first Baptist Church in Indiana, granted McCoy a license "to preach the Gospel wherever God in His providence might cast his lot". The Silver Creek church was located near what became Sellersburg in Clark County. In 1809, McCoy became pastor of Maria Creek Church near Vincennes and in 1810, the Church ordained him as a minister. He was the town jailor at Vincennes.
Through illness and poverty, McCoy traveled widely (if unsuccessfully) on the frontier promoting the Baptist church. In 1817, the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions appointed him as a missionary to the settlers and Indians in Indiana and Illinois territories. Though his original intention was to preach to frontiersmen, his interests and concern for Indians quickly began to dominate his work.
Missions in Indiana and Michigan
McCoy founded his first "religious station" and school in October 1818 in what became Parke County, Indiana, on Big Raccoon Creek upstream from the later Wea Indian reservation at Armiesburg. The mission was said to be situated between Rosedale and Bridgeton. The Wea showed little interest in the school, however, and it failed. McCoy at that time was likely the only white settler in Parke County. In February 1819, he performed the first marriage in the county, between two métis, Christmas Dazney (Noel Dagenet) and Mary Ann Isaacs (a Brotherton or Mohegan from upstate New York). In 1821, in compensation for his work with McCoy and for the federal government as an interpreter, Dazney filed a land claim between the mouths of Sugar Creek and Big Raccoon Creek north and east of present-day Montezuma and established a Wea-Miami reservation there. This was the first reservation that came about as a result of a connection with Isaac McCoy, though McCoy had left the area by then. Dazney was eventually instrumental in leading bands of Indiana Indians west to Kansas after the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Dazney died in Kansas in 1848.
In May 1820, the McCoy family moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana to set up a mission to the Miami tribe. His school at Fort Wayne attracted 40 Miami, Potawatomi, and mixed-blood children, several whites, and one African American. The Miami and Potawatomi tribes at this time consisted of mixed-race people and there were no clear lines of distinction between races within the tribes. In 1821, McCoy made the first of many visits to Washington, DC, seeking approval by the federal government, unsuccessfully on this occasion, for him to appoint teachers, blacksmiths, and other "agents of civilization" to be provided the Indians under newly ratified treaties. In 1821, Chief Little Turtle of the Miamis, along with 16 other Indians and the captive William Wells, also made a trip to Washington, DC. It was Little Turtle's second visit to a President. The trip resulted in a government-funded Quaker agricultural mission to the Miamis.
In December 1822, McCoy left Fort Wayne and moved his family and 18 Indian students to a site on the St. Joseph River near the present-day city of Niles in southwestern Michigan; he opened a mission to the Pottawatomi. The Carey Mission, as it came to be known, was 100 miles from the nearest White settlement. The Pottawatomi gave McCoy a relatively warm welcome and helped feed his large family and Indian students through their early seasons in the territory. McCoy enjoyed more success here than in his earlier endeavors. His school expanded to have 76 Indian children, four Indian employees, five missionaries, six white children, and a millwright.
In 1826, McCoy led his family in another move, deeper into the frontier, where he established the Thomas Mission to the Odawa people, at what was later to become Grand Rapids, Michigan. McCoy and his missionaries were the first European-American settlers in Niles and Grand Rapids.
Indian removal
McCoy began in 1823 to advocate that the Indian nations of the East be moved west "beyond the frontiers of the White settlement". He believed that getting the tribes to their own, isolated places, away from the reach of whiskey traders and others who were exploiting them, would give them a better chance of surviving and becoming Christianized. McCoy's ideas for removal of the Indians were not new, but he promoted the idea that the U.S. government should fund "civilization programs" to educate the Indians and turn them into farmers and Christians. McCoy expanded his concept later to propose the creation of an Indian state making up most of the land area of what is now Kansas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska.
McCoy thought of himself as the future leader of what he called "Indian Canaan", but he had little confidence in his fellow missionaries. They never accomplished more than "to soften the pillows of the dying" and had "too recently been transplanted from the sterile plains of religious bigotry, to expand with liberal views of the character, and of the just rights of man". Rather, he placed his faith in the government to create for the Indians "a country of their own" where they could "feel their importance, where they can hope to enjoy, unmolested, the fruits of their labours, and their national recovery need not be doubted". His proposed Indian colony, to become subsequently a Territory and then a State within the United States, would be guided by a benign U.S. government and missionaries with whiskey dealers and dishonest merchants banned.
McCoy failed to foresee that the frontier of white settlement was expanding so rapidly that his Indian Canaan would be overrun by settlers before Indians could enjoy "unmolested, the fruits of their labours". Moreover, he overestimated the good will and capacity of the government. During the tragic removals forced on the Indians by the U.S. government in the 1830s and later, thousands would die of neglect and arrive in Kansas and Oklahoma impoverished and starving. McCoy's conversion programs and philosophy of removal, though well-intentioned, culminated in the 1838 Potawatomi Trail of Death.
Surveyor of Indian Territory
The possibility of removing eastern Indians west of the Mississippi River was enhanced in 1825 when the Osage and the Kaw ceded large portions of their lands in Kansas and Oklahoma to the United States. In 1828, Congress authorized McCoy to lead an expedition to survey lands to which the Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek of the Southeast could be relocated. McCoy also invited representatives of the Potawatomi and Odawa to join the expedition. With the unenthusiastic Indians, McCoy traveled through Kansas and Oklahoma laying out potential reservations and devising in his mind the organization of an Indian State.
In June 1829, McCoy moved his family to Fayette, Missouri. Late that year, at his own expense, he carried out a survey on the Kaw lands. In 1830, with Kaw "mixed blood" Joseph James as his guide he surveyed and established the boundaries of a reservation for the Delaware tribe who were persuaded to move there from their territories in southern Missouri.
In 1829, his book was published, Remarks on the Practicability of Indian Reform, Embracing Their Colonization. It recounts a four-page, cited, historical summary of the essential justification of the European colonization of the continent since Jamestownand refutes each essential element. He laments the callous conquest of the native tribes, the disregard of their very concept of government, land rights, and freely chosen lifestylecomparing this to a hypothetical conquest of the modern Washington, DC by Chinese invaders who could similarly see America as alien, uncivilized, and inferior.
In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which formally authorized the removal of eastern Indians to the West. For the next ten years, McCoy was engaged in surveying boundaries of reservations for more than twenty tribes who moved west to present-day Kansas. Often they comprised small remnants of formerly powerful peoples. McCoy had hoped to be one of the three commissioners appointed to oversee Indian Territory, but he was passed over and his dreams of becoming the government's chief representative to the Indian tribes were dashed.
Aware of the fraud, abuse, and neglect involved in the removal of Indians westward, McCoy rationalized that it was for the greater good of having Indian lands secured for them in perpetuity. Such "perpetuity" was to last little more than two decades.
Missionary work in the 1830s
McCoy, his son John, his daughter Delilah, and her missionary husband Johnston Lykins, worked together as missionaries to the Shawnee and Lenape (Delaware), following them to what is now Kansas City, Missouri, on the border of Indian Territory and near their reservations. The younger McCoy established a trading post at Westport, Missouri. He was among the first organizers of Kansas City. Lykins became the city's first legally elected mayor.
McCoy's strong views were often at odds with the Baptist mission board and other missionaries. In 1832, a smallpox epidemic was killing thousands of Indians. McCoy traveled to Washington, seeking funds from Congress to support a vaccination program for Indians. He found little enthusiasm for such a bill. The Missouri Senator, Alexander Buckner, said to him about the Indians, "if they were all dead it would be a blessing for our country." Partially due to his efforts, Congress eventually passed a modest bill to finance Indian vaccinations.
In 1833, an armed McCoy was involved with a company of "ruffians", a mob in Independence, Missouri who attacked Mormon families at gunpoint and expelled them from their homes onto the prairie, where they nearly starved. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt recalls: "While we thus made our escape the companies of ruffians were ranging in every direction; bursting into homes without fear, knowing that the people [the Mormons] were disarmed; frightening women and children, and threatening to kill them if they did not flee immediately. At the head of one of these parties appeared the Rev. Isaac McCoy (a noted Baptist missionary to the Indians), with gun in hand, ordering the people to leave their homes immediately and surrender everything in the shape of arms. Other pretended preachers of the Gospel took part in the persecution—speaking of the [Mormon] Church as the common enemies of mankind, and exulting in their afflictions." Edward Partridge recalled the same incident in a letter of 1839, when the Mormons were disarmed at Independence: "Wednesday Nov 6th. The arms being taken from the Saints the mob now felt safe and were no longer militia. They formed themselves into companies and went forth on horseback armed to harass the saints and pick up all the arms they could find. Two of these companies were headed by Baptist priests. The Rev. Isaac McCoy headed one of about 60 or 70, the other's was about 30 or 40. They went through the different settlement[s] of the Saints threatening them with death and destruction if they were not off immediately... The mobs whipped and shot at some and others they hunted, for as they said to kill them. Such mobs well lined with whiskey were acting worse than savages."
Although he was involved in numerous projects on behalf of what he perceived as the best interest of Indians, McCoy was nearly destitute during much of the 1830s, taking in boarders and working as bookkeeper in a neighboring store. He hoped to be appointed as the government overseer of Indians. He lobbied in Washington and on the frontier seeking, unsuccessfully, for U.S. government recognition of the Indian lands as an official U.S. Territory.
While in Missouri, a slave state, in 1835 McCoy purchased a female slave named Chainy. Opposed to slavery, he said that he had bought her to prevent her being separated from her husband and children by being sold through a slave market. It appears he already owned her husband and children. In his will he provided for her to be manumitted, on the condition that she pay his estate (or descendants) her purchase price of $415 plus interest. He also provided for her children (also his property) to be freed when each reached age 24.
In 1840, McCoy wrote one of the earliest, most personally informed reports on the Midwestern Native American tribes, The History of Baptist Indian Missions. In 1842 he returned East to Louisville, Kentucky, where he directed the Baptist American Indian Mission Association. He wrote additional works on Indians and the missions. He died there in 1846 and was buried in Western Cemetery.
Assessment
McCoy was much more of a social reformer than a missionary, hardly being concerned in his later years with converting Indians to Christianity. He "attacked the system of law and custom by which Indians had been kept in bondage" and "his object was to free the Indians from those restraints." His solution was to move the Indians beyond where they could be corrupted and exploited by Whites. But the tide of westward expansion in the U.S. was too strong and his plans failed. His biographer said that the vision of this rude, untutored preacher and pioneer was "somewhat breathtaking".
References
Further reading
External links
The Isaac McCoy Papers at The Kansas Historical Society
1784 births
1846 deaths
People from Uniontown, Pennsylvania
American city founders
People from the Kansas City metropolitan area
People from Grand Rapids, Michigan
People from Louisville, Kentucky
United States Indian agents
People from Vincennes, Indiana
Critics of Mormonism
People from Fayette, Missouri
Baptist missionaries in the United States
19th-century Baptists |
4009695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20Ages | War of Ages | War of Ages (sometimes abbreviated WoA; formerly known as Point Zero) is an American Christian metal band formed in Erie, Pennsylvania, in 2002.
The band's self-titled debut album War of Ages was released in 2005, and in February 2006, they were moved to the Facedown Records roster and recorded their second full-length album, Pride of the Wicked, released in September 2006. Arise and Conquer was released in 2008. The band's fifth offering Eternal, was released in 2010. Their seventh studio album Supreme Chaos was released in 2014. Their eighth studio album Alpha was released in 2017, their ninth album, Void, 2019.
History
War of Ages began in 2002, originally as Point Zero. The band's original lineup consisted of vocalist Leroy Hamp, lead guitarist Steve Brown, rhythm guitarist Matt Moore, bassist Nate Owensby, and drummer Rob Kerner. With this lineup, the band recorded their debut EP, Unite Us All. Shortly after this release, the band switched names to War of Ages and signed with Strike First Records. The band connected with the label via their friends in xDISCIPLEx A.D., who were also from Erie, Pennsylvania.
The band would record a self-titled debut, which was released by Strike First Records in July 2005. However, Kang Garnic replaced Moore during this time on guitars. In 2006, the band released their sophomore album, Pride of the Wicked, adding on former Mortal Treason bassist TJ Alford, Hamp's brother Alex Hamp on drums, and rhythm guitarist Johnathan Lynch.
In 2007, the band released their third album, Fire from the Tomb, which was a re-recording of many of their debut album's tracks. The band went into Cathouse Studios and began recording the album. Arise and Conquer was released in 2008, with Branon Bernatowicz joining the band as rhythm guitarist. Following Arise and Conquer, the band began working with As I Lay Dying vocalist Tim Lambesis to produce their next album, Eternal, which would feature Lambesis on guest vocals, as well as Josh Gilbert and Sonny Sandoval. The album was released in April 2010. It was written to stand out and was an emotional release. The album was very well received, becoming the first to rank on the Billboard charts. In 2012, the band released their sixth studio album, Return to Life. Following in the footsteps of Eternal, the album ranked on the Billboard, but some reviewers did not enjoy the album as much.
In July 2014, the band released their seventh album, Supreme Chaos, which saw the induction of the newest member, Hope for the Dying's Jack Daniels on rhythm guitars. With Daniels addition, the band added a very European style. The album would also rank on the Billboard charts, ranking at 107 on the Billboard 200, 37 on Billboard Rock charts, 14 on Hard Rock charts, 5 on the Christian charts, and 24 on the Independent albums charts.
In December 2017, the band released their eighth album, Alpha, with the lineup of Hamp, Daniels, Brown, and a session drummer, Alex Rüdinger, who also worked with The Faceless and 7 Horns 7 Eyes. In September 2019, the band released their ninth studio album, Void, alongside several singles. The album would also be the debut for The Burial members Elisha Mullins on bass and Kaleb Luebchow on drums.
On June 25th, War of Ages released a new single, "No Altars", later announcing the upcoming release of a new EP, Rhema, in the fall.
Christianity
The band is known for their strong Christian faith which is expressed in their lyrics. In a 2009 radio interview with The Full Armor of God Broadcast, Leroy Hamp professed that as Christians the band wants to "Make a difference in a world that's covered in darkness."
Band members
Current members
Leroy Hamp – lead vocals (2002–present)
Steve Brown – lead guitar (2002–present)
Jack Daniels – rhythm guitar (2013–present)
Kaleb Luebchow – drums (2017–present)
Elisha Mullins – bass (2012, 2018–present)
Session musicians
Alex Rüdinger – drums (2017)
Former members
Alex Hamp – drums (2005–2017)
Matt Moore – rhythm guitar (2002–2004)
Kang Garnic – rhythm guitar (2004–2005)
Luke Johnathan Lynch – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2005–2008)
Mark Randazzo – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2012–2013)
Nate Owensby – bass (2004–2005)
T.J. Alford – bass, backing vocals (2005–2012)
Ryan Tidwell – bass, backing vocals (2013–2014)
Rob Kerner – drums (2002–2005)
Brendan Hengle – bass (2014–2016)
Branon Bernatowicz – rhythm guitar (2006–2012), bass (2016–2017)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
EPs
Unite Us All (2004) (independent EP)
Rhema (2021) (Facedown Records)
Music videos
"Stand Your Ground" (directed by: Facedown Records)
"Strength Within" (directed by: Facedown Records)
"Through the Flames" (directed by: Andy Reale)
"All Consuming Fire" (directed by: Andy Reale)
"Collapse" (directed by: Drew Russ)
"Silent Night" (directed by: DJ Cosgrove)
"Redeemer" (lyric video)
"From Ashes" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
"Chaos Theory" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
"Lionheart" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
"Creator" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
"Miles Apart" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
References
External links
War of Ages at Facedown Records
War of Ages interview with Leroy Hamp
Leroy Hamp of War of Ages
War of Ages Frontman Leroy Hamp Talks Christians in a band vs Christian band
War of Ages on Lambgoat
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
American metalcore musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
American Christian metal musical groups
2002 establishments in Pennsylvania
Facedown Records artists
Strike First Records artists |
4009699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue%20University%20College%20of%20Technology%20at%20Kokomo | Purdue University College of Technology at Kokomo | Purdue University College of Technology Kokomo was co-located on the Indiana University Kokomo campus, in Kokomo, Indiana. As of the Fall of 2020, the Purdue program in Kokomo is located in the Inventrek building on Firmin Street.
Purdue University College of Technology at Kokomo is part of the Purdue College of Technology (CoT) statewide system. The curriculum for the technology programs at Kokomo is identical to the curriculum of the College of Technology on the West Lafayette Campus.
Academics
As of 2010, there were approximately 200 undergraduate students at Purdue Kokomo and 14 full-time faculty. Degrees are awarded by Purdue University. Associate degree programs that do not have corresponding Bachelor degrees, can be completed at any other Purdue University campus.
College of Technology at Kokomo offers the following programs:
Computer and Information Technology
Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology
Engineering Technology
Mechanical Engineering Technology
Organizational Leadership and Supervision
Partial Programs
Certificate Programs
External links
Purdue College of Technology (Statewide programs and locations)
References
Purdue University College of Technology Kokomo website, Purdue University College of Technology West Lafayette, retrieved 6/25/11.
Kokomo, Indiana
Indiana University |
4009703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomo%20Saeki | Tomo Saeki | is a Japanese voice actress.
Notable voice roles
Bastard!! as Obaba
Cardcaptor Sakura as Yukie Kimura
Coji-Coji as Tanuki
Dai-Guard
Di Gi Charat as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat - A Trip to the Planet as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Christmas Special as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Natsuyasumi Special as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Nyo as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Ohanami Special as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Summer Special as Coo Erhard
Digimon Tamers as Kai Urazoe
Dragon Drive as Gokaku
Galaxy Angel A as Malibu Peirou
Galaxy Angel X as Malibu Peirou
Gunslinger Girl as Emilio
Juvenile Orion as Tsukasa Amou
Khronos Gear as Napo=Leo
Leave it to Piyoko! as Coo Erhard
Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi as Satoshi Imamiya
Magical Witchland as Nonononn
Magical Play 3D as Nonononn
Master of Mosquiton '99 as boy (ep 22); child (ep 23); housewife (ep 2)
Millennium Actress
Mon Colle Knights as Mondo Ooya
Mouse as Machiko Tsukioka
Neppu Kairiku Bushi Road as Hashiba Hinata
Ojamajo Doremi as Igarashi-senpai
Ojamajo Doremi as Akatsuki
Outlaw Star as Lady (ep 2)
Petite Princess Yucie as Cube
Reiwa no Di Gi Charat as Coo Erhard
Sol Bianca: The Legacy as Jani
A Little Snow Fairy Sugar as Salt
A Little Snow Fairy Sugar Summer Special as Salt
The Melody of Oblivion as Solo
Very Private Lesson as Kojishi
References
External links
Japanese voice actresses
1973 births
Living people
People from Osaka Prefecture |
4009712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Cottam | Thomas Cottam | Thomas Cottam (1549 – 30 May 1582) was an English Catholic priest and martyr from Lancashire, who was executed during the reign of Elizabeth I.
Life
Cottam was born to Protestant parents, Laurence Cottam of Dilworth and Anne Brewer, but was converted as an adult to Catholicism by Thomas Pound. He studied at Brasenose College, Oxford, and received his M.A. on 14 July 1572, before leaving for London, where he became master of a grammar school. It was there that he met Pound and decided to head to Douai to become a priest.
He was ordained a deacon at Cambrai in December 1577 and, desiring to become a missionary to India, went to Rome and was received as a Jesuit novice at Sant' Andrea on 8 April 1579. That October he came down with a fever and was sent to Lyons to recuperate. The spy Sledd had been in Rome, and traveling with some Englishmen arrived in Lyon, where he made the acquaintance of Cottam. Discovering that Cottam intended to proceed to England, he made careful note of Cottams's appearance and particulars and continuing on to Paris passed the information to the English ambassador.
From there he went to the English College, Rheims, considering himself accepted for India, if his health improved after a visit to England. He was ordained around 28 May 1580, at Soissons and left on 5 June with four companions for England. Betrayed by Sledd, he was immediately arrested at Dover. Through a ruse by Dr. Ely, one of his fellow-travellers, Cottam reached London safely; however, the good deed put the doctor at risk, and Cottam voluntarily surrendered himself.
He was initially committed "close prisoner" to the Marshalsea, where it is thought he said his first Mass. After being tortured, he was removed on 4 December 1580 to the Tower, where he endured the rack and the scavenger's daughter (twice). Cottam was arraigned with Edmund Campion and others and on 16 November 1581, he was sentenced to death. His execution was deferred until 30 May 1582, when he was executed at Tyburn.
See also
Douai Martyrs
References
1549 births
1582 deaths
Executed people from Lancashire
English beatified people
Converts to Roman Catholicism
16th-century English Jesuits
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
People executed under Elizabeth I
16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
16th-century venerated Christians
Forty-one Martyrs of England and Wales |
4009722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjer%27s%20optic%20neuropathy | Kjer's optic neuropathy | Dominant optic atrophy, or dominant optic atrophy, Kjer's type, is an autosomally inherited disease that affects the optic nerves, causing reduced visual acuity and blindness beginning in childhood. This condition is due to mitochondrial dysfunction mediating the death of optic nerve fibers. Dominant optic atrophy was first described clinically by Batten in 1896 and named Kjer’s optic neuropathy in 1959 after Danish ophthalmologist Poul Kjer, who studied 19 families with the disease. Although dominant optic atrophy is the most common autosomally inherited optic neuropathy (i.e., disease of the optic nerves) aside from glaucoma, it is often misdiagnosed.
Presentation
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy can present clinically as an isolated bilateral optic neuropathy (non-syndromic form) or rather as a complicated phenotype with extra-ocular signs (syndromic form).
Dominant optic atrophy usually affects both eyes roughly symmetrically in a slowly progressive pattern of vision loss beginning in childhood and is hence a contributor to childhood blindness. Vision testing will reveal scotomas (areas of impaired visual acuity) in the central visual fields with peripheral vision sparing and impaired color vision (color blindness). Visual acuity loss varies from mild to severe, typically ranging from 6/6 (in meters, equivalent to 20/20, ft) to 6/60 (20/200, ft) with a median value of 6/36 (roughly equivalent to 20/125 ft), corrected vision. In rare cases, vision loss is more severe.
Characteristic changes of the fundus evident on examination is temporal pallor (indicating atrophy) of the optic disc and in its end stage, excavation of the optic disc, as is also seen in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and normal tension glaucoma.
Because the onset of Dominant optic atrophy is insidious, symptoms are often not noticed by the patients in its early stages and are picked up by chance in routine school eye screenings. First signs of Kjer's typically present between 4–6 years of age, though presentation at as early as 1 year of age has been reported. In some cases, Dominant optic atrophy may remain subclinical until early adulthood.
Progression of dominant optic atrophy varies even within the same family. Some have mild cases with visual acuity stabilizing in adolescence, others have slowly but constantly progressing cases, and others still have sudden step-like decreases in visual acuity. Generally, the severity of the condition by adolescence reflects the overall level of visual function to be expected throughout most of the patient’s adult life (Votruba, 1998). Slow decline in acuity is known to occur in late middle age in some families.
In complicated cases of autosomal dominant optic atrophy, in addition to bilateral optic neuropathy, several other neurological signs of neurological involvement can be observed: peripheral neuropathy, deafness, cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis, myopathy.
Genetics
Dominant optic atrophy is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. That is, a heterozygous patient with the disease has a 50% chance of passing on the disease to offspring, assuming his/her partner does not have the disease. Males and females are affected at the same rate. Although Kjer's has a high penetrance (98%), severity and progression of DOA are extremely variable even within the same family.
Pathophysiology
Vision loss in dominant optic atrophy is due to optic nerve fiber loss from mitochondria dysfunction. Dominant optic atrophy is associated with mutation of the OPA1 gene found on chromosome 3, region q28-qter. Also, 5 other chromosomal genes are described as causing optic atrophy: OPA2 (x-linked), OPA3 (dominant), OPA4 (dominant), OPA5 (dominant) and OPA6 (recessive) (see OMIM 165500).
The OPA1 gene codes for a dynamin-related GTPase protein targeted to the mitochondrial inner membrane. OPA1 has distinct roles in the fusion of mitochondrial inner membranes during mitochondrial fusion events, and in regulation of cell death.
Mitochondria are subcellular structures that generate and transform energy from metabolism into discrete usable units (ATP) for the cell’s functions (See oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain). Retinal ganglion cells (neurons), which make up the optic nerve, have a high energy demand and are particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. This is especially the case for smaller and less myelinated neurons such as those found in the papillomacular bundle of the retina, which transmit information corresponding to the central visual field. Biochemical and mitochondrial morphological studies on cells from patients affected by autosomal dominant optic atrophy have shown a severe defect in the shape (with a very remarkable fragmentation of the mitochondrial tubules in small spheres) and distribution of mitochondria, occurring independently from a bioenergetic defect (respiratory chain function, ATP synthesis, and reactive oxygen species production) or apoptosis, indicating that the mitochondrial fusion defect is the primary pathogenetic mechanism, although variable bioenergetic defects can also occur as a secondary phenomenon, especially in severe cases with complicated phenotypes and accumulation of multiple mitochondrial-DNA deletions.
Over 60 different mutations of the OPA1 gene causing Kjer's have been reported, most of which occur in the catalytic domain of the protein.
Mutations at the OPA1 gene are also associated with normal tension glaucoma (OMIM 606657) and deafness (OMIM 125250).
Management
Currently there is no effective therapy for dominant optic atrophy, and consequently, these patients are simply monitored for changes in vision by their eye-care professional. Children of patients should be screened regularly for visual changes related to dominant optic atrophy. Research is underway to further characterize the disease so that therapies may be developed.
Since November 2018, Cure ADOA Foundation has been focusing on fellow patients and their families. They have the following goals: scientific research, disease awareness, interaction between all parties involved and a trustworthy place for the patients.
Incidence
The incidence of dominant optic atrophy has been estimated to be 1:50000 with prevalence as high as 1:10000 in the Danish population (Votruba, 1998).
See also
Optic atrophy
References
Further reading
Entrez Gene OPA1 4976
OMIM: OPA1 deafness OMIM 125250
OMIM: OPA1 Normotension glaucoma OMIM 606657
OMIM: OPA1 OMIM 605290
OMIM: Optic Atrophy 1 OMIM 165500
External links
Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways |
4009731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce%20Casino | Commerce Casino | Commerce Casino is a cardroom located in the Los Angeles suburb of Commerce. With over 240 tables on site, Commerce Casino is the largest cardroom in the world. Established in 1983, the casino accounted for 38% of Commerce's tax revenues for the 2006-2007 fiscal year. , the casino was providing $22 million a year in licensing fees to the city.
In addition to the main cardroom, the Commerce Casino complex includes a full-service 200-room Crowne Plaza Hotel, which houses dining establishments, a day spa, beauty salon, pool and sundeck, banquet rooms, shops, and entertainment. The Commerce is also home to several restaurants and host to live boxing, MMA and Professional Wrestling events. Commerce Casino opened a Playboy-themed gaming lounge in 2014.
Poker
The Commerce Casino offers a wide variety of limit, pot limit and no limit poker games, including:
Seven-card stud
Texas hold 'em
Omaha Hi-Lo Split
HORSE
The casino spreads more Texas Hold'em games than any other casino in the world. Commerce spreads hold'em games as low as 2-3 and 2-4. 3-6, 4-8 & 6-12 exist on the main floor, with 8-16 and larger limit games in the Hotel section. No Limit Hold 'em games have buy-ins as low as $40 and go much higher. There is a new $5/10 $500/$1500 spread No Limit Hold'em game which was first created in 2008.
The Casino's bad beat jackpots sometimes grow into six figures. Commerce Casino offers a $100,000 Super Jackpot for Hold 'em.
Players can bring members of a home game to the Casino and they will provide game instruction, dealers, a pit boss, cards, chips and poker snacks. The "home" games act as live cash games and are eligible for jackpots.
Classes
The casino offers free poker lessons on Tuesdays and Wednesdays at the Crowne Plaza Hotel. Beginner classes are Tuesdays from 8 pm to 10 pm and intermediate classes are held on Thursdays from 8 pm to 10 pm. Registration is available at the company website. The instructor is Roger Rodd "Poker Comedian and Poker Instructor to the Stars."
Tournaments
The Commerce Casino is home to several poker tournament series, including:
Los Angeles Poker Classic - Annual tournament beginning in January and running through early March. This is Commerce's major tournament of the year, involving a World Poker Tour event, a Professional Poker Tour event and the celebrity event, the World Poker Tour Invitational.
California State Poker Championship - Annual tournament, held in May. Originally held in June, the tournament was moved to avoid conflict with the World Series of Poker.
Commerce Hold 'em Series - Annual tournament held in September with smaller buy-ins where every event is Texas hold 'em.
The L.A. Poker Open - Annual tournament held in November.
Restaurants
The Commerce Casino is home to several eating establishments, including:
Wood Dragon Restaurant - Chinese cuisine, the restaurant is located in the Main Lobby of the Crowne Plaza Hotel.
The Arena Sports Bar & Grill - Offers a variety of International cuisine with entertainment, live sporting events and karaoke on various nights. Located in the hotel near the Hi-Limit Section.
The Commerce Cafe - Near the Main Poker Room offering Traditional American cuisine, pastries and Starbucks hot and iced coffees.
Tableside Dining
California games
Commerce also offers Pan, No Bust Blackjack, 3 Card Poker, Let It Ride, Caribbean Stud Poker, 21st Century Baccarat, EZ Baccarat, Pai Gow Poker, Super Pan Nine and 13 Card (Chinese poker).
Games besides poker, such as the ones listed above, are called "California Games" and have been modified to conform to California state gambling laws. The primary difference between California Games and normal casino table games is that the player does not play against the house but rather plays against a third-party provider that banks the games. California law requires that all non-poker games at the Commerce Casino or any California card room are player-banked, meaning players play only against one another, and never against the house. Any player that regularly banks the "player banked games" and does not have a contract with the casino to do so will be barred from the casino. The Commerce serves as a host for these games, providing a venue for their play and benefits indirectly off the gambling revenue through "rent" payments from the third-party provider. The casino also charges a collection to play the game usually 1% of the bet wagered (rounded up to the nearest dollar) for hosting these games.
Off-Track Betting
The Racebook at Commerce Casino opened in July 2009, featuring mini satellite wagering from California and Eastern U.S. race tracks.
Popular culture
In "So Close, Yet So Far", the second episode of the AMC television series, Fear the Walking Dead, an aerial nighttime shot of Los Angeles in the early stages of the zombie apocalypse shows the casino and hotel tower engulfed in flames next to a gridlocked Santa Ana Freeway.
A comedy sketch promoting the casino was featured in First Night 2013 with Jamie Kennedy, a New Year's Eve television special hosted by comedian and television producer Jamie Kennedy.
In Twin Peaks the return, the casino was featured as the Silver Mustang.
Notes
External links
Official site
Pokerfornia review
Casinos in Los Angeles County, California
Casino hotels
Commerce, California |
4009733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Moses%20%28American%20politician%29 | John Moses (American politician) | John Moses (June 12, 1885March 3, 1945) was the 22nd Governor of North Dakota from 1939 to 1945, and served in the United States Senate in 1945 until his death that year. Excluding those appointed to fill brief vacancies, and those not seated at the beginning of their lawful terms, Moses is the shortest-serving U.S. senator ever, in office for just 59 days.
Biography
Moses was born in Strand in Rogaland county, Norway in 1885. He was the son of Reverend Henrik B. and Isabella (Eckersberg) Moses. He attended public school in Norway, and graduated from the high school at Kongsvinger in 1900 and from junior college in Oslo in 1903. He came to the United States in 1905 and worked for the Great Northern Railway from 1906 to 1911. He entered the University of North Dakota in 1912, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1914. He entered the University of North Dakota Law School and graduated with a Juris Doctor degree in 1915. He began practicing law at Hazen, North Dakota in 1917. He was married to Ethel Joslyn and had four children.
Political career
From 1919 until 1923, and later from 1927 until 1933, Moses served as State's Attorney for Mercer County. In 1936 he came in third in the three-way governor's race, behind former governor William Langer and incumbent governor Walter Welford (both Republicans). Moses became governor in 1939, following William Langer's second term in the office. Moses worked hard to reduce Langer's influence. He sought to cut government spending and to balance the state's budget. Moses was in office during World War II. He tried to encourage war-time industries to locate in the state, but North Dakota ranked last in the nation for receiving war spending. Despite the lack of wartime appropriations, Moses' administration was a time of prosperity for the state. Rainfall was plentiful and there was a ready market for agriculture products. Moses was a popular governor. During his election campaign he gave speeches in English, German, or Norwegian, depending on his audience. A Democrat, Moses was noted for his support from both political parties. In 1944 Moses defeated Gerald P. Nye for a seat in the United States Senate.
Death
Moses died on March 3, 1945, shortly after taking his place in the Senate. He is buried in St. Mary's Cemetery, Bismarck, North Dakota.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)
List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States
List of United States senators born outside the United States
References
Further reading
Schweitzer, Adam John Moses and the New Deal in North Dakota (Master’s thesis, University of North Dakota, 1954)
External links
John Moses Papers at The University of North Dakota
Exhibits - North Dakota Governors - John Moses
Exhibits - North Dakota Governors Online Exhibit
National Governors Association
1885 births
1945 deaths
People from Strand, Norway
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
American Lutherans
North Dakota Democrats
United States senators from North Dakota
Governors of North Dakota
University of North Dakota alumni
Democratic Party United States senators
People from Mercer County, North Dakota
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
20th-century American politicians
20th-century Lutherans |
4009736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Smylie | Mark Smylie | Mark Smylie is an American comics creator, writer and illustrator. He is best known for his Artesia epic fantasy comic series.
Biography
Born in Florida in 1967, he studied political science, philosophy, art history, and English literature at Columbia University for four years. Besides Artesia, Smylie has also done numerous illustrations for role-playing games and other media. He has done interior illustrations for Dungeons & Dragons manuals, including Faiths and Pantheons, Epic Level Handbook, and Complete Warrior. After first working with Sirius Entertainment, he founded Archaia Studios Press in 2002 to publish Artesia and eventually comics from other creators. The setting of Smylie's novel The Barrow is the same as his Artesia series.
Smylie was nominated for the 2006 Russ Manning award for most promising newcomer, and his Artesia series was nominated for several comics awards.
References
External links
Talking with Archaia Studios Press' Mark Smylie, April 24, 2006, Comic Book Resources
1967 births
American comics writers
American illustrators
Fantasy artists
Living people
Role-playing game artists
Columbia University alumni |
4009771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Drake%20%28organ%20builder%29 | William Drake (organ builder) | William Drake (1943–2014) was the founder of the firm of William Drake, Organ Builder that manufactures pipe organs in Buckfastleigh, Devon, England. He held a Royal Warrant as organ builder to Queen Elizabeth II.
Biography
Drake was born 1947 in Baltimore, Maryland to an English father and mother of Swiss-American citizenship. Returning to England in 1952 on the death of his father he was educated at Dartington College of Arts where he learned the organ under John Wellingham.
He was inspired to become an organ builder following a visit as a teenager to the exhibition of newly built organs at St Albans International Organ Festival at St Albans Abbey. After completing an apprenticeship in Austria with Rieger Orgelbau he worked with Rudolf Janke in Göttingen. He built a small award-winning organ as his Meisterstuck in the workshop of Patrick Collon in Brussels.
Drake established the firm of William Drake Ltd in 1974 in Buckfastleigh, Devon. The company was part of the John Loosemore Centre for Organ and Early Music - an entity that taught a number of subjects concerning the organ - such as playing of the organ, history, and organ-building. Eventually that program was discontinued, but Drake's organ-building firm continued in the premises.
William Drake Ltd has built new organs and restored instruments in a number of countries, including New Zealand and the United States. For the design of instruments, the firm takes its inspiration from English organs of the 18th and 19th centuries. Organs built by Drake's company are mechanical action instruments and restorations adhere to high standards of historical accuracy.
William Drake died on 11 January 2014, aged 70. Today the business continues under the direction of Geert Noppers and Joost de Boer, who have been members of the staff for many years.
Selected organs
Restoration of the 1780 Seede organ at the Roman Catholic Chapel at Lulworth Castle, Dorset completed 1986, a project that attracted attention internationally.
A new organ at Jesus College, Oxford, 1993
A new organ in eighteenth century manner, within a 1732 case Grosvenor Chapel Mayfair London, completed 1991
Palace of Westminster St Mary Undercroft crypt chapel, a new instrument 1999
Lincoln Cathedral completed 2010
A new instrument in the Peacock Room, Trinity College of Music, Greenwich, London, 2003
1818 Ballroom Organ at Buckingham Palace, completed 2003
1849 Sutton Organ at Jesus College, Cambridge
1857 Robson Organ Queen's University of Belfast, completed 2005
Gray and Davison organ from the 1851 Great Exhibition in Crystal Palace, now installed at St Anne's Limehouse, restored 2006
Restoration of the George Dallam/Christian Smith, and later, organ at the church of St Giles in the Fields, London
A new instrument at Lincoln College, Oxford, 2010
A new instrument in the OBE Chapel, St Faith's Chapel in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral London 2012
1760 George England organ at Christ's Chapel of God's Gift, Dulwich, restored
Restoration of the Richard Bridge organ at Christ Church Spitalfields which Drake had planned and worked on since 2000, and was completed posthumously by the firm 2015.
References
External links
William Drake, organ builder
Drake, William, Organ Builder
Drake, William, Organ Builder
British Royal Warrant holders
Organ builders of the United Kingdom
1974 establishments in England
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Devon |
4009772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20O%27Rourke | Edward O'Rourke | Edward O'Rourke, full name Eduard Alexander Ladislaus Graf O'Rourke (; ; October 26, 1876 in Minsk – June 27, 1943) was a Roman Catholic priest, bishop of Riga and the first head of the bishopric of the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk).
Early life
O'Rourke was born October 26, 1876 in Basin, Minsk, Russian Empire (modern Belarus), to an aristocratic family of Irish ancestry, many of them high officers in the Russian military. The most prominent was Joseph Cornelius O'Rourke. They held imperial titles of the Russian Empire and of the German Holy Roman Empire, but also had petitioned to retain the Irish count title as well, which was granted by the Tsar in 1848. His father was Michael Graf O'Rourke and his mother Baltic-German Angelika von Bochwitz. He received a broad European education and learned a number of languages.
After graduating in 1898 from the famous Jesuit School in Chyrów, then in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, now in Ukraine, he went to Riga, Latvia to study. In 1903 he graduated from the Trade and Mechanics Faculty of the University of Riga. In 1903 he moved to Freiburg, Switzerland, where he continued his studies at the University of Fribourg, faculty of law. The following year O'Rourke moved to the theological faculty at the University of Innsbruck in Austria-Hungary.
On October 27, 1908 he was ordained priest in Wilno, now in Lithuania. He became a professor of ecclesiastical history, German and French at the Seminary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev in Saint Petersburg. Between 1912 and 1915, he was parish priest of the multilingual congregation of St. Stanislaus in Petersburg.
After the February Revolution in Russia, the church decided to re-establish the diocese of Minsk; O'Rourke was appointed as its administrator and the interim head of the Catholic Church in Russia. He met Achille Ratti for the first time, the Apostolic Visitor for the Baltic Countries and later Pope Pius XI. Due to the proposed independence of Latvia, in 1918 the diocese of Riga was established. O'Rourke was appointed bishop of Riga on the recommendation of Ratti on 29 September 1918.
O'Rourke's position in Riga was problematic as German forces occupied the city in early 1919. By the end of World War I, the ecclesiastical organisation was largely destroyed, and only a few priests remained. O'Rourke did not speak Latvian but tried to encourage Latvian priests. He resigned after a new government in Latvia was appointed and there was a popular movement calling for an ethnic Latvian bishop. He was released from Riga in April 1920 and named titular bishop of Canea He was appointed Apostolic Delegate for the Baltic States. In November 1921 he was also appointed the Pontifical Delegate for Russian refugees in Danzig and East Prussia, and in 1928 for Catholic Russians in Germany.
Free City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig was split from Germany in 1920. On April 24, 1922 Achille Ratti, then Pope Pius XI, nominated O'Rourke to the post of an Apostolic Administrator of the Free City of Danzig, and, on 21 December 1922, as the titular bishop of Pergamon. After the creation of the Diocese of Danzig on December 30, 1925, O'Rourke was appointed as the first Bishop of Danzig. He initially established good relations with the authorities (who granted him citizenship on 12 June 1926) and the mostly Protestant population. After the Nazis took over the area in 1933, he came into conflict with them over their policies.
He hosted a synod from 10 to 12 December 1935, but growing pressure from the Nazi-majority senate made him resign as bishop of Danzig after he had tried to appoint four additional Polish parish priests.
On 13 June 1938 he was appointed Titular bishop of Sophene. He adopted Polish citizenship in December 1938 and was made Cathedral Canon in Gniezno/Poznań.
When the Germans attacked Poland in September 1939, O'Rourke was on a journey to Estonia. He traveled via Warsaw and Königsberg to Berlin, where he applied for a Visa to Italy. After going to Rome, O'Rourke tried to return to his Diocese in Poznań, but his visa application was rejected by the Germans.
O'Rourke died in Rome on June 27, 1943. His successor as Bishop of Danzig (and later Gdańsk) was Carl Maria Splett.
In 1972 O'Rourke's ashes were moved from Campo Verano to his former bishopric, now in Poland; they were buried in a crypt in the Oliwa Cathedral.
Ancestry and relations
John O'Rourke (1728–1786)
Cornelius O'Rourke
Lieutenant General Joseph Cornelius O'Rourke (1772–1849)
Count Moritz O'Rourke
Count Nicholas O'Rourke
See also
References
Literature
Stefan Samerski: Die Katholische Kirche in der Freien Stadt Danzig 1920–1933. Köln u.a. 1991
Stefan Samerski (Hrsg.): Das Bistum Danzig in Lebensbildern. Ordinarien, Weihbischöfe, Generalvikare, apostolische Visitatoren 1922/25 bis 2000. (= Religions- und Kulturgeschichte in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa 3). Münster/Hamburg/London 2003.
“Documents and Materials for the History of the O'Rourke Family” by Eduard Graf O'Rourke (O'Rourke had travelled to Ireland in the 1920s to research his Irish ancestry)
External links
Religious Life
Das Bistum Danzig, Stefan Samerski, Page 39 Eduard Graf O'Rourke w. portrait
Document by the Danzig Senate of Freie Stadt Danzig: citizenship of Bishop O'Rourke form 12 June 1926
1876 births
1943 deaths
Bishops of Riga
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Poland
People of the Russian Empire of Irish descent
Polish people of Irish descent
Latvian people of Irish descent
Belarusian people of Irish descent
Polish people of German descent
Clergy from Minsk
University of Latvia alumni
University of Fribourg alumni
University of Innsbruck alumni
Apostolic Nuncios to Estonia
Apostolic Nuncios to Latvia
Apostolic Nuncios to Lithuania
People from the Free City of Danzig
Russian emigrants to Germany
Russian emigrants to Poland
Polish people of World War II
Expatriates in Switzerland
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Latvia |
4009786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphanumericals | Alphanumericals | Alphanumericals or alphanumeric characters are a combination of alphabetical and numerical characters. More specifically, they are the collection of Latin letters and Arabic digits. An alphanumeric code is an identifier made of alphanumeric characters.
Merriam-Webster suggests that the term "alphanumeric" may often additionally refer to other symbols, such as punctuation and mathematical symbols.
In the POSIX/C locale, there are either 36 (A-Z and 0-9, case insensitive) or 62 (A-Z, a-z and 0-9, case-sensitive) alphanumeric characters.
Subsets of alphanumeric used in human interfaces
When a string of mixed alphabets and numerals is presented for human interpretation, ambiguities arise. The most obvious is the similarity of the letters I, O and Q to the numbers 1 and 0. Therefore, depending on the application, various subsets of the alphanumeric were adopted to avoid misinterpretation by humans.
In passenger aircraft, aircraft seat maps and seats were designated by row number followed by column letter. For wide bodied jets, the seats can be 10 across, labeled ABC-DEFG-HJK. The letter I is skipped to avoid mistaking it as row number 1. In Vehicle Identification Number used by motor vehicle manufacturers, the letters I, O and Q are omitted for their similarity to 1 or 0.
Tiny embossed letters are used to label pins on an V.35/M34 electrical connector. The letters I, O, Q, S, and Z were dropped to ease eye strain with 1, 0, 5, 3,and 2. That subset is named the DEC Alphabet after the company that first used it.
For alphanumerics that are frequently handwritten, in addition to I and O, V is avoided because it looks like U in cursive, and Z for its similarity to 2.
See also
Alphanumeric brand names
Alphanumeric shellcode
Alphanumeric keyboard
Binary-to-text encoding
Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
References
Identifiers |
4009788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukari%20Fukui | Yukari Fukui | is a Japanese actress, voice actress and gravure idol known by the nickname in Japan.
Filmography
Anime
7 of Seven as Nanarin
Dragonaut -The Resonance- as Saki Kurata
Gundam Reconguista in G as Raraiya Monday
Highschool of the Dead as Shizuka Marikawa
Kare Kano as Rika Sena
Kenkō Zenrakei Suieibu Umishō as Mirei Shizuoka
Kill la Kill as Sukuyo Mankanshoku
Mouse as Yayoi Kuribayashi
Macademi Wasshoi! as Falce The Variable Wand
Mushishi as Fuki
Petite Princess Yucie as Cocoloo
Re: Hamatora as Mio (Episode 1)
School Rumble as Sarah Adiemus
Strawberry Panic as Kagome Byakudan
Saint October as Natsuki Shirafuji
Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann as Nia
Umi Monogatari: Anata ga Ite Kureta Koto as Warin
OVA
FLCL as Junko Miyaji
School Rumble OVA as Sarah Adiemus
Top o Nerae 2! as Nono
Air Gear as Kururu Sumeragi
Video games
Baldr Force EXE as Segawa Minori
Dissidia: Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Dissidia Final Fantasy NT as Tina Branford
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia as Tina Branford, Oerba Dia Vanille
Final Fantasy Explorers as Tina Branford
Final Fantasy XIII as Oerba Dia Vanille
Final Fantasy XIII-2 as Oerba Dia Vanille
Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII as Oerba Dia Vanille
God Eater (and its extended version God Eater Burst) as Shio
Luminous Arc 2: Will as Rina
Rune Factory 3 as Sia
True Tears as Gion Inoue
Tartaros Online as Nagi
Toukiden 2 as Benizuki
World of Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Internet radio
Diebuster Web Radio Top! Less (onsen（音泉）2005.10.4- reset date every Tuesday)
School Rumble nigakki weekend (onsen（音泉）2006．4.－ reset date every Friday）
Music
Anime Toonz Volume 4: Yukari Fukui
References
External links
Official website
Seiyuu Info profile
1984 births
Living people
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese gravure models
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
People from Hiratsuka, Kanagawa
Voice actresses from Kanagawa Prefecture
20th-century Japanese actresses
20th-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese women singers |
4009790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20M.%20Bowen | Thomas M. Bowen | Thomas Mead Bowen (October 26, 1835 – December 30, 1906) was a state legislator in Iowa and Colorado, a Union Army officer during the American Civil War, a justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court, briefly the Governor of Idaho Territory, an elected judge in Colorado and a United States senator from Colorado.
Biography
Bowen was born near the present site of Burlington, Iowa, in what was then Michigan Territory, on October 26, 1835. He attended the public schools and the academy at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1853 and began practicing law. He was married to Margaretta T. Bowen.
Career
Bowen moved to Wayne County, Iowa, in 1856 and was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives that year. In 1858, he moved to Kansas.
During the American Civil War, Bowen served in the Union Army. On June 11, 1861, he was appointed captain of the 1st Nebraska Infantry Regiment, later redesignated 1st Nebraska Cavalry Regiment. He resigned from the volunteers on February 5, 1862. He rejoined the Union Army on July 11, 1862 as first lieutenant of the 9th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry and was promoted to captain, July 30, 1862. Bowen was appointed colonel of the 13th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry, September 20, 1862. Bowen was temporary commander of brigades in the Department of the Missouri and the Department of Arkansas from October 1862 to March 21, 1864. He commanded Brigade 1, Division 1, VII Corps (Union Army) in the Department of Arkansas from March 22, 1865 to June 24, 1865. Bowen was appointed a brevet brigadier general, to rank from March 13, 1865. He was discharged from the volunteers on June 28, 1865.
After the war, Bowen found himself in Arkansas and decided to stay there. He was a member and president of the constitutional convention of Arkansas in 1866; he was also a Reconstruction era justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court from 1867 to 1871.
Bowen, who made a large fortune in business, was appointed governor of Idaho Territory by U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant on April 19, 1871, but resigned on September 27, 1871 and returned to Arkansas. He moved to Colorado Territory in 1873 and resumed the practice of law.
Bowen was elected judge of the Fourth Judicial District Court in Colorado, a position which he held from 1876 until 1880, when he suddenly resigned. He had given a lenient sentence to John J. Hoover, a murderer in Fairplay in Park County, who was thereafter lynched by an irate mob on April 28, 1880, while awaiting transfer to the Colorado State Penitentiary.
Bowen was a member of the Colorado House of Representatives in 1882 and resigned soon thereafter upon his election as a Republican to the United States Senate. He served in that body from March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1889. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Mining (in the Forty-eighth Congress), Committee on Enrolled Bills (Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses).
Death
Bowen engaged in mining in Colorado and resided in Pueblo, where he died on December 30, 1906 at the age of seventy-one. He is interred at Roselawn Cemetery in Pueblo.
See also
List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)
References
External links
Retrieved 2008-10-19
The Political Graveyard
1835 births
1906 deaths
United States senators from Colorado
Members of the Iowa House of Representatives
Union Army generals
People of Kansas in the American Civil War
Politicians from Burlington, Iowa
Governors of Idaho Territory
Iowa lawyers
Arkansas Republicans
Justices of the Arkansas Supreme Court
Colorado state court judges
Members of the Colorado House of Representatives
Colorado Republicans
Republican Party United States senators
Iowa Republicans
Kansas Republicans
Idaho Republicans
People from Pueblo, Colorado
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
Military personnel from Iowa
Military personnel from Colorado |
4009794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20%28Bob%20Marley%20song%29 | War (Bob Marley song) | "War" is a song recorded and made popular by Bob Marley. It first appeared on Bob Marley and the Wailers' 1976 Island Records album, Rastaman Vibration, Marley's only top 10 album in the USA. (In UK it reached position 15 May 15, 1976.) The lyrics are almost entirely derived from a speech made by Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I before the United Nations General Assembly on 4 October 1963.
Songwriting controversy
"War" is credited to Allen "Skill" Cole (idea) and Carlton Barrett (music); the music was an extension of the one-drop drumming style, which Carlton Barrett had developed and refined, if not invented. The lyrics are a near-exact repetition of a 1963 speech in the UN by the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie. However, the two simple guitar chords and the semi-improvised, spirited melody put to Selassie's words is unmistakably Marley's.
According to Stephen Davis' biography "Bob Marley," it also appears that Marley had credited several of his multi-million selling 1974-1976 songs to close friends and relatives because he was under an unfavorable publishing contract, signed in April 1968 with Cayman Publishing, that would have otherwise deprived him of much of his songwriting royalties. Crediting close friends, such as football player Allan "Skill" Cole or Wailers drummer Carlton "Carly" Barrett therefore enabled Bob Marley to circumvent the law until new, more favorable agreements were made. This practice, along with the practice of rewarding friends who contributed to compositions by crediting them — even if they only contributed with ideas — and Marley's sudden death without leaving a will all combined to create confusion about the copyright status of several songs, including "War".
Barrett's brother, Wailer musician Aston "Family Man" Barrett (who created the bass line, key to the song's efficiency) has since brought lawsuits against the Marley estate (in practice, the widow Rita Marley) for unpaid royalties and credit for songs such as "War" that were claimed to have been either written by others and not by Bob Marley, or in collaboration with Marley. One such suit reached a settlement in 1994 in which Barrett was paid $500,000. Barrett later continued to pursue legal action, seeking £60 million ($113.6 million at the time) in a suit against the Island-Universal record label and the Marley family, but the case was dismissed on the grounds that the earlier settlement proscribed any further claim on the estate
Background
As taught by the Original Gong, Leonard P Howell, Marley, along with fellow Rastafari, worship Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia as the incarnation of God, and refer to him as "Ras Tafari," "Jah" or "The Lion of Judah" which Marley does in many of his songs. To him, Haile Selassie was not only one of the most prominent African leaders of his time, he was also identified as God returning to Earth as "King of Kings, Lord of Lords" (Revelation 19, 16), imperial titles born both by Haile Selassie and Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II before him. It was Menelik II, who created this self-styled imperial title in the late 19th century after he succeeded in uniting Ethiopia. Marley did however accept Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity eight months before his death.
Haile Selassie gave the "War" speech on October 4, 1963, calling for world peace at the 1963 U.N. General Assembly in New York City. This historical speech was spoken a few weeks after the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was founded in Ethiopian capital city Addis Ababa, where Haile Selassie chaired a summit meeting gathering almost every African head of state (The King of Morocco had declined the invitation).
This U.N. speech resounded even louder as Haile Selassie had made a name for himself on the international scene in 1936, when he spoke at The League of Nations in Geneva. There, Haile Selassie warned the world that if the members of the League did not fulfill their obligation to militarily assist Ethiopia against the invasion by fascist Italy, the League would then cease to exist as a matter of fact and the rest of the member states were to suffer the same fate as his country. Three years later World War II broke out. This visionary speech granted Haile Selassie much respect around the world, eventually leading to British military support, which helped freeing his country in 1941. Addressing the world again in 1963, Haile Selassie's words bore full weight. In picking this utterance for lyrics, Bob Marley thus projected two dimensions of the Ethiopian Emperor: the head of state as well as the Living God Rastafari saw him as.
Lyrics
Although credited to Emperor Haile Selassie I, whose Christian name is Tafari Makonen, the real author of the text remains uncertain . It is sometimes believed that it was written by Lorenzo Tazaz, a close contributor who wrote many of the Ethiopian leader's most important speeches, including a historic one given in 1935 to the League of Nations. But Tazaz died in 1947, over fifteen years before the 1963 U.N. utterance. Spoken in Ethiopia's official Amharic language at the U.N., the 1963 speech was published in English in Important Utterances of H.I.M. Emperor Haile Selassie I 1963-1972. The book gave permission to freely use its contents: "Any portion of this book could be reproduced by any process without permission." The song uses part of Selassie's speech that calls for equality among all without regard to race, class, or nationality in his hymnal cry for peace. It also asserts, quoting Selassie directly, that until the day of an equal society, there will be war. In the original speech, Selassie urged U.N. officials and country representatives to disarm nuclear weapons, and to end international exploitation (specifically with Africa). The song honors Haile Selassie I while calling for action against racial inequality and international injustice. The part of the speech used by Bob Marley was preceded by the following words:
Last May, in Addis Ababa, I convened a meeting of Heads of African States and Governments. In three days, the thirty-two nations represented at that Conference demonstrated to the world that when the will and the determination exist, nations and peoples of diverse backgrounds can and will work together. In unity, to the achievement of common goals and the assurance of that equality and brotherhood which we desire. On the question of racial discrimination, the Addis Ababa Conference taught, to those who will learn, this further lesson:
Here is the part of Haile Selassie's speech put to music by Marley in his original song "War" (Bob Marley slightly modified the original words, changing each "that until" to "until" and added the word "war" several times):
<blockquote>That until the philosophy which holds one race superior and another inferior is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned; That until there are no longer first-class and second-class citizens of any nation; That until the color of a man's skin is of no more significance than the color of his eyes; That until the basic human rights are equally guaranteed to all without regard to race; That until that day, the dream of lasting peace and world citizenship and the rule of international morality will remain but a fleeting illusion, to be pursued but never attained; And until the ignoble and unhappy regimes that hold our brothers in Angola, in Mozambique and in South Africa in subhuman bondage have been toppled and destroyed; Until bigotry and prejudice and malicious and inhuman self-interest have been replaced by understanding and tolerance and good-will; Until all Africans stand and speak as free beings, equal in the eyes of all men, as they are in the eyes of Heaven; Until that day, the African continent will not know peace. We Africans will fight, if necessary, and we know that we shall win, as we are confident in the victory of good over evil. – Haile Selassie I</blockquote>
Here are the lyrics from the Bob Marley and the Wailers at the album Rastaman Vibration:
A different mix, which includes a different horn arrangement, released as a bonus track in the Deluxe Edition (2002) of the Rastaman Vibration album, revealed that Marley had recorded an extra verse also adapted from the original speech:
Until bigotry and prejudice, malicious and inhuman self-interest have been replaced by understanding and tolerance and good will, yeah, war. Until all Africans stand and speak as free beings equal in the eyes of the almighty, war. Everywhere is war.
In his speech to the U.N., Selassie reminded his listeners that "these are only words; their value depends wholly on our will to observe and honor them and give them content and meaning."
The song
The original version of "War" was recorded at Harry J's studio in Kingston, Jamaica, by engineer Sylvan Morris. It includes Aston "Family Man" Barrett on Fender Jazz bass, his brother Carlton 'Carly' Barrett on drums, Earl "Chinna" Smith on guitar, Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion and Tyrone Downie on keyboards. Marcia Griffiths, Judy Mowatt and Rita Marley sing harmony vocals as the I Three. It was produced by Bob Marley & The Wailers and mixed at Miami's Criteria studio by Aston "Family Man" Barrett and Chris Blackwell with engineer Alex Sadkin.
With such potent and meaningful lyrics, the song soon became one of Bob Marley's greatest classics, carrying the Rastafari message to the world in Haile Selassie I's own words. As from 1977, when Bob Marley & The Wailers embarked for their first major world tour in June, "War" was sung at most concerts until Marley's last show on September 23, 1980 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Two live recordings of the song have since been released officially by Tuff Gong/Island Records. The first one was issued on the 1978 Babylon by Bus album recorded live at the Pavillon de Paris in Paris, France, on June 26, 1978. The second was recorded at the Rainbow Theatre in London, England, on June 4, 1977, and was issued on the 2001 Deluxe Edition of the Exodus album. Predating these two is another version, recorded on May 26, 1976 and released in 2003 on Live at the Roxy.
Haile Selassie version
Two other hit versions of the song featuring Bob Marley & the Wailers can also be heard. A vinyl single released in Jamaica on Bruno Blum's Human Race label in December 1997 includes samples of Bob Marley's voice saying "Rastafari is the prince of Peace." But most importantly, the song features the original recording of Haile Selassie I's Amharic speech done in 1963, overdubbed on a new rhythm track played by Wailers original members. The B-side offers a welcome English translation of the speech by Bruno Blum, whose spoken rendition of War includes the second part of the speech not used by Bob Marley:
A second mix of this new recording was also released, charting at the #1 spot in the U.K. Echoes magazine in April 1998. This time it featured samples of Bob Marley & the Wailers' song Selassie Is the Chapel (adapted from Crying in the Chapel), where Bob and Rita Marley's voices can be heard on a sizeable part of the record, as well as Selassie's original "foundation lead vocal," creating a virtual duet between Haile Selassie I and his apostle Bob Marley. Both new versions were recorded at Kingston Musick Studio in Kingston, Jamaica, engineered by Rudy Thomas. They include Wailers survivors Aston "Family Man" Barrett on bass guitar and piano, Mikey "Boo" Richards" on drums and Earl "Wire" Lindo on keyboards, along with guitar and backing vocals by Bruno Blum. Percussionist Norbert "Nono" Nobour and backing singer Tatiana Prus were later added. The sessions were produced by Bruno Blum and mixed by Thierry Bertomeu at AB Studio in St. Denis, France.
Released in Europe on Blum's Rastafari label in early 1998, both "War" and "War/Selassie Is the Chapel" were successful singles contributing to the "new roots" reggae scene where Rastafari themes sung by the likes of Garnett Silk, Luciano and Dennis Brown were popular again after more than a decade of decline. Several singles derived from this new recording were subsequently issued on the label, including Buffalo Bill's War/Warmongers, Big Youth's We No Want No War and Joseph Cotton's Conflicts backed by Doc Reggae's spoken French version Guerre. A full-length CD album entitled The War Album, including all versions, was issued in Europe on the Rastafari label in 2001. A vinyl album was released in Jamaica on the Human Race label in 2004, and the full War Album was reissued in 2010 as part of the Human Race label double CD anthology.
Notable cover version
In 1992 Sinéad O'Connor performed "War" a cappella on Saturday Night Live'' with slightly modified lyrics, referring to child abuse rather than racism. At the end of this performance, she tore up a photograph of Pope John Paul II to protest child abuse by Catholic priests.
See also
List of anti-war songs
References
Anti-war songs
Rastafari
Bob Marley songs
Sinéad O'Connor songs
Songs against racism and xenophobia
Songs about Haile Selassie
Songs involved in plagiarism controversies
1976 songs
Island Records singles |
4009810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Bowen | Thomas Bowen | Thomas, Tom or Tommy Bowen may refer to:
Thomas H. Bowen (1850–1896), South Australian surveyor
Thomas M. Bowen (1835–1906), U.S. Senator
Thomas Bowen (engraver) (died 1790), map engraver
Thomas Bowen (Wisconsin politician) (1808–1883), member of the Wisconsin State Senate
Thomas Bowen (Independent minister) (1756–1827), Welsh Independent minister
Thomas Jefferson Bowen (1814–1875), American expatriate Baptist missionary
Thomas "Tom" Ambrose Bowen (1916–1982), inventor of the Bowen technique
Tom Bowen (athletic director) (born 1961), American sports executive
Tom Bowen (rugby union), English rugby union player
List of Haven characters#Tommy Bowen, fictional character in Haven
Sir Thomas Bowen, 4th Baronet (1921–1989), of the Bowen baronets
Tommy Bowen, member of the English band White Lies
See also
Tom Bowens (born 1940), American basketball player
Tom Webb-Bowen (1879–1956), Royal Air Force officer
Bowen (surname) |
4009812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushalgarh | Kushalgarh | Kushalgarh is a town and municipality in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located in the Banswara District approximately 65 km south of the city of Banswara. King Kushala Bhil was founder of Kushalgarh
Kushalgarh was also the name of an Indian Princely State that existed in the same area until 1949.
Geography
Kushalgarh is located at 23.17° N 74.45° E. It has an average elevation of 302 metres (991 feet) above sea level.
Demographics
As of the 2011 Indian census, Kushalgarh had a population of 10,096. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kushalgarh has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 66%. In Kushalgarh, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
References
Cities and towns in Banswara district
Princely states of India |
4009815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Civilization | Advanced Civilization | Advanced Civilization is an expansion game for the board game Civilization, published in 1991 by Avalon Hill. Ownership of the original game is necessary to play. While Civilization is in print (by Gibsons Games), Advanced Civilization is not, following the dissolution of the original Avalon Hill game company and sale of all rights to titles to Hasbro in 1998.
Features
Advanced Civilization enhances the game as much as it expands it, clarifying rules and simplifying certain aspects of the game. New features include:
Assigning points to position on the Archaeological Succession Table (AST), rather than void a player from winning who has fallen behind in development
Unlimited Civilization cards, omitting the fight to acquire advances before other players
Seven new commodities cards, making the ever-important trade phase far more exciting
Four new calamity cards
Introduction of non-tradeable calamities
Eight new Civilization cards, including a new group: religion
Simplified trade to speed the game up
Rules for 8 players
Rules for late-comers and those that leave early
Gameplay
Gameplay is broadly similar to Civilization. Most phases of play have minor alterations which simplify or rebalance play, but are still similar to the original.
Some of the major differences are in trade cards and calamities. There are more types of resources, as well as additional calamities. Calamities cannot be discarded or held, and a player who holds a calamity after trading becomes its primary victim, which encourages players to trade tradable calamity cards. The rules for trading are also simplified: each player in a trade must still trade three or more cards, but must only honestly state the number of cards being offered and the name of two of the cards, but not the total point value of the cards.
One of the biggest changes is in determining the victor. Rather than being the first person to reach the end of the AST, victory is determined by points. The largest share of points typically comes from civilization cards, followed by position on the AST; other resources that earn points are cities in play, trade cards, and tokens in treasury.
Video game
Avalon Hill created a video game version of this game, called Avalon Hill's Advanced Civilization. The rules are slightly modified from the board version to make it suitable for computer play.
References
Avalon Hill games
Board games introduced in 1991
Board games about history
World conquest board games |
4009823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Violent%20Ones | The Violent Ones | The Violent Ones is a 1967 film directed by and starring Fernando Lamas. The story was written and created by Charles Davis, Fred Freiberger, Herman Miller, and Doug Wilson.
Plot
Juanita, a girl in a town that's populated by Hispanics, is raped and beaten. The only thing she says before falling into a coma is that her attacker is an outsider, a Gringo. Sheriff Vega arrests the three outsiders there are. All he can do is intimidating the prisoners so that one of them admits to being the attacker, or that the girl wake up to identify him. The girl dies, and her father prepares a lynch mob.
The sheriff can't get any help from the state, and even Mendoza, his deputy, is unwilling to help him. The sheriff takes the prisoners out of the jail in a trip to the closest city where they can be processed. But the prisoners, an instable kid, a brutish man and a coldly intelligent youngster have other plans.
Cast
Fernando Lamas – Manuel Vega
Aldo Ray – Joe Vorzyck
Tommy Sands – Mike Marain
David Carradine – Lucas Barnes
Ned Romero - Mendoza
Lisa Gaye – Dolores
Melinda Marx – Juanita
Rodolfo Acosta - Estévez
External links
1967 films
1967 Western (genre) films |
4009825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takayuki%20Yamaguchi%20%28voice%20actor%29 | Takayuki Yamaguchi (voice actor) | is a Japanese voice actor who works for 81 Produce.
Notable voice roles
Avenger (TV)
Bakuman. (TV 3) as Mamoru Tamiya; Manager (ep 23)
Battle Spirits: Shōnen Toppa Bashin (TV) as Man (ep 12)
Cardfight!! Vanguard (TV) as Yūta Izaki
Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit Hen (TV) as Yūta Izaki
Cardfight!! Vanguard: Legion Mate-Hen (TV) as Yūta Izaki
Cardfight!! Vanguard: Link Joker Hen (TV) as Yūta Izaki
D.Gray-man (TV) as Cheetah (ep 32)
Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventure (TV) as Kazuki Yotsuga
Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventures Special as Kazuki Yotsuga
Early Reins (OAV) as Assistant Engineer; Henchman
G-Saviour (live-action TV movie) as Computer
Gekito! Crush Gear Turbo (TV) as Shinomiya Rai
Glass Mask (TV 2/2005) as Hiroshi Yoshizawa (ep 30)
Golgo 13 (TV) as Marty's man (ep 4)
.hack//Legend of the Twilight (TV) as Tom
Hanaukyo Maid-tai (TV) as exercise dept. A (ep 6); host B (ep 4); male student B (ep 2); man C (ep 5)
Hanaukyo Maid-tai OAV as bear (ep 2); student (ep 1); subordinate (ep 3)
Hand Maid May (TV) as Kazuya Saotome
Hikaru no Go (TV) as Chinese Pro (ep 67); Ryo Iijima
His and Her Circumstances (TV) as Leader of Kento team; Male Student (ep 2); Yoshida (ep 5)
Initial D: Fourth Stage (TV) as Todo Student (ep 3)
Kaikan Phrase (TV) as Lucy May member (eps 2, 37); Shin-chan (ep 40)
Kure-nai (OAV) as Criminal 1 (OVA 1)
Kurenai (TV) as Man 2 (ep 1); Student C (ep 3)
Maburaho (TV) as Male Student; Takashi Yamaguchi
Magical Warfare (TV) as Makoto Hitouji
(The) Marshmallow Times (TV) as Clove
Massugu ni Ikō (TV) as Student (ep 1)
Nagasarete Airantou (TV) as Teruteru Machou (Machi's shikigami; eps 12, 20, 24)
Ojamajo Doremi Na-i-sho (OAV) as Manabu Takagi
Panyo Panyo Di Gi Charat (TV) as Conceited Man
Parappa the Rapper (TV) as Hockey Player (ep 26); Voice on the Phone (ep 20)
Petite Princess Yucie (TV) as Arc
Pokémon (TV) as Boat driver (ep 192); Toy shop employee (ep 138)
Pokémon Chronicles (TV) as Jubei (ep 12)
Restol, The Special Rescue Squad (Korean TV) as Kang Maru
Samurai Deeper Kyo (TV) as Shindara
Starship Operators (TV) as Taishi Kase
Steel Angel Kurumi (TV) as Townsperson (ep 9)
Strawberry Eggs (TV) as Kyousuke Aoki
Tokyo Underground (TV) as Raichi
Zoids: Fuzors (TV) as Malloy
Tom in .hack//Legend Of The Twilight
Kazuki Yotsuga in Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventure
Leonhart (Leon) in Final Fantasy II (PlayStation version)
Brother, Clasko, Keepa, and Wantz in Final Fantasy X
Brother and Clasko in Final Fantasy X-2
Potato-kun in Hamtaro
Kazuya Saotome in Hand Maid May
Takashi Yamaguchi in Maburaho
Arc in Petite Princess Yucie
Kang Maru in RESTOL, The Special Rescue Squad
Kyousuke Aoki in Strawberry Eggs
Clove in The Marshmallow Times
Shindara in Samurai Deeper Kyo
Dubbing
CatDog as Lube Catfield McDog
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Male voice actors from Chiba Prefecture
Japanese male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
81 Produce voice actors
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors |
4009827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheeger%20bound | Cheeger bound | In mathematics, the Cheeger bound is a bound of the second largest eigenvalue of the transition matrix of a finite-state, discrete-time, reversible stationary Markov chain. It can be seen as a special case of Cheeger inequalities in expander graphs.
Let be a finite set and let be the transition probability for a reversible Markov chain on . Assume this chain has stationary distribution .
Define
and for define
Define the constant as
The operator acting on the space of functions from to , defined by
has eigenvalues . It is known that . The Cheeger bound is a bound on the second largest eigenvalue .
Theorem (Cheeger bound):
See also
Stochastic matrix
Cheeger constant
References
J. Cheeger, A lower bound for the smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian, Problems in Analysis, Papers dedicated to Salomon Bochner, 1969, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 195-199.
P. Diaconis, D. Stroock, Geometric bounds for eigenvalues of Markov chains, Annals of Applied Probability, vol. 1, 36-61, 1991, containing the version of the bound presented here.
Probabilistic inequalities
Stochastic processes
Statistical inequalities |
4009831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KMEG | KMEG | KMEG (channel 14) is a television station in Sioux City, Iowa, United States, affiliated with the digital multicast network Dabl. It is owned by Waitt Broadcasting, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of Fox/MyNetworkTV/CBS affiliate KPTH (channel 44), for the provision of certain services. The two stations share studios along I-29 (postal address says Gold Circle) in Dakota Dunes, South Dakota; KMEG's transmitter is located in unincorporated Plymouth County, Iowa east of James and US 75 along the Woodbury County line.
History
The station signed on September 5, 1967, as the market's third television outlet. It has been affiliated with CBS since the beginning. Before its launch, the network had previously been carried on KVTV (channel 9, now KCAU-TV) from 1953 until 1967. That station switched its affiliation to ABC on September 2, 1967, and Siouxland was briefly without a CBS affiliate until KMEG signed on three days later. KMEG was started by a group of local investors led by Bob and Norma Donovan. Its call letters were selected in honor of their daughter Meg who would later pass away.
The station's original ownership group sold KMEG to John Fetzer in 1969. Fetzer sold off all of his broadcasting properties in the mid-1980s. KMEG was among the last to be divested, going to Gillett Holdings in 1985. The next year, Gillett sold the station to the Maine Radio and Television Company, the owner of WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine, and WLBZ-TV in Bangor, Maine. KMEG was one of only two CBS stations not to air the Late Show with David Letterman when it premiered. KXJB-TV in Fargo, North Dakota, also declined to alter its syndicated lineup in order to air the new program. (CBS programming is now seen in Fargo on KXJB-LD/KVLY-DT2.) This led Sioux City to become known as the Late Shows first home office. KMEG began airing the show in 1994.
Maine Radio and Television merged with Gannett in 1998. However, KMEG was not included in the deal; it was acquired by Waitt Broadcasting later in 1998. The new owners significantly upgraded KMEG's facilities, including an increase of its broadcast tower height to and effective radiated power to five million watts. This gave its analog signal on UHF channel 14 a signal comparable to those of KCAU and KTIV (channel 4), spanning 23 counties in northwestern Iowa, northeastern Nebraska, and southeastern South Dakota. Previously, its over-the-air signal was effectively limited to Sioux City itself and the immediate metro area; most of the market had needed cable to get an acceptable signal.
Around the same time Waitt bought KMEG, the company also purchased Fox affiliates WFXL in Albany, Georgia, WPGX in Panama City, Florida, WDFX-TV in Dothan, Alabama, and KYOU-TV in Ottumwa, Iowa. In 2003, Waitt Broadcasting merged with Raycom Media (who concurrently transferred KYOU's license to a third party due to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) duopoly regulations, as Raycom already owned Ottumwa's ABC affiliate KTVO at the time); however, KMEG was not included in the merger and was instead spun off to a new locally based owner that took the Waitt Broadcasting licensee name.
From 1988 until the sign-on of KPTH in early 1999, the station maintained a secondary affiliation with Fox, airing the network's prime time programming out-of-pattern during the late night hours (and beginning in 1994, the network's NFL package); the network's programming was available in-pattern via the network's affiliates in Sioux Falls, Omaha and Des Moines, all of which served the market's outlying areas. It also aired selected UPN programming out-of-pattern until the network merged with The WB (carried locally on KTIV-DT2 and cable television) to form The CW in 2006.
KMEG's first studios were at the corner of 7th Street and Floyd Boulevard in Downtown Sioux City until around the start of the 21st century when it moved into new facilities in Dakota Dunes near North Sioux City, South Dakota. The building was constructed by Darland Construction Company, and at the time, the building housed KMEG and two radio stations (KZSR 102.3 FM and KKYY 101.3 FM). In May 2005, Waitt Broadcasting entered into a shared services agreement (SSA) with Pappas Telecasting, then-owner of KPTH—a rare instance of a Big Three affiliate being junior partner in such an arrangement. The two radio stations moved out and KPTH was integrated into KMEG's facility even though it was the senior partner.
In November 2007, Waitt announced it would sell KMEG to Siouxland Television, LLC. Pappas was to have continued operating the station as part of the deal. However, KPTH was among Pappas' thirteen stations which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As a result, the sale of KMEG to Siouxland Television fell through. On January 16, 2009, it was announced that several of the Pappas stations involved in the bankruptcy (including KPTH) would be sold to New World TV Group after the transaction received United States bankruptcy court approval. The change in ownership was completed on October 15, 2009, and on that day, New World TV Group took over the SSA with KMEG. TTBG announced the sale of most of its stations, including KPTH and the SSA of KMEG, to the Sinclair Broadcast Group on June 3, 2013. The sale was completed on September 30.
On January 20, 2021, KPTH announced that CBS programming would move to its third subchannel, effective February 4, ending 54 years of the CBS affiliation on KMEG. To accommodate the switch, Charge! moved to the second subchannel of KMEG, replacing TBD, which joined MyNetworkTV on KPTH's second subchannel. Dabl programming moved to the first subchannel of KMEG, making it the primary affiliate.
On July 28, 2021, the FCC issued a Forfeiture Order stemming from a lawsuit against KMEG owner Waitt Broadcasting. The order came six months after KMEG lost its CBS affiliation. The lawsuit, filed by AT&T, alleged that Waitt failed to negotiate for retransmission consent in good faith for KMEG. Owners of other Sinclair-managed stations, such as Deerfield Media, were also named in the lawsuit. Waitt was ordered to pay a fine of $512,228.
Newscasts
When it signed on, KMEG broadcast newscasts under the name Newsbeat 14. It made little headway in the ratings, however. Not only did it have to contend with long-established KTIV and KCAU, but it also had to compete against KELO-TV in Sioux Falls, one of the strongest CBS affiliates in the nation. Also, as mentioned above, its signal was nowhere near as strong as its competition; much of the area wouldn't be able to get an adequate signal from the station until cable arrived in the 1980s. By the late 1970s, KMEG had closed its news department. For the next two decades, it was one of the few Big Three affiliates without a newscast; the only local news came in the form of cut-ins and updates.
After being acquired by Waitt Broadcasting in 1998, KMEG revived evening and late-night local news as KMEG News. On October 9, 2006, KMEG began producing a weeknight prime time newscast on KPTH. Known as Siouxland News at Nine on Fox 44, the broadcast can currently be seen for thirty minutes. Although KPTH is the senior partner in the SSA, KMEG produces the newscasts on both stations. On October 25, 2010, KMEG became the first station in the market to upgrade its news operation to 16:9 enhanced definition widescreen. Although not truly high definition, the broadcasts matched the ratio of HD television screens. The weeknight news at 9 on KPTH was included in the change. On April 15, 2013, KMEG and KPTH completed an upgrade to full high definition news broadcasts, two years after competitors KCAU-TV and KTIV.
In November 2015, KMEG brought back a weekend newscast at 10 p.m.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
KMEG shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 14, at noon on February 17, 2009, which had originally been the date of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. Earlier that year, the date of the transition had been moved to June 12. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 39, using PSIP to display KMEG's virtual channel as 14 on digital television receivers.
Translators
KMEG's signal is repeated over two translators.
References
External links
KMEG/KPTH (can be entered into web-enabled mobile device for wireless access)
Television channels and stations established in 1967
1967 establishments in Iowa
MEG
Dabl affiliates
Charge! (TV network) affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
Stadium (sports network) affiliates
Sinclair Broadcast Group |
4009843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatality%20Analysis%20Reporting%20System | Fatality Analysis Reporting System | Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) was created in the United States by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to provide an overall measure of highway safety, to help suggest solutions, and to help provide an objective basis to evaluate the effectiveness of motor vehicle safety standards and highway safety programs.
FARS contains data on a census of fatal traffic crashes within the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. To be included in FARS, a crash must involve a motor vehicle traveling on a trafficway customarily open to the public and result in the death of a person (occupant of a vehicle or a non-occupant) within 30 days of the crash. FARS has been operational since 1975 and has collected information on over 989,451 motor vehicle fatalities and collects information on over 100 different coded data elements that characterizes the crash, the vehicle, and the people involved.
FARS is vital to the mission of NHTSA to reduce the number of motor vehicle crashes and deaths on our nation's highways, and subsequently, reduce the associated economic loss to society resulting from those motor vehicle crashes and fatalities. FARS data is critical to understanding the characteristics of the environment, trafficway, vehicles, and persons involved in the crash.
NHTSA has a cooperative agreement with an agency in each state government to provide information in a standard format on fatal crashes in the state. Data is collected, coded and submitted into a micro-computer data system and transmitted to Washington, D.C. Quarterly files are produced for analytical purposes to study trends and evaluate the effectiveness of highway safety programs. This data is tabulated and provided to the public via the FARS Interface at
How data is collected
In its 2010 Report to Congress, NHTSA claimed that it would cost approximately US$1 billion per year to actually count and classify all crashes. US$1 billion was deemed to be too expensive so instead of that, "... NHTSA devised a method that "utilizes an efficient combination of census, sample-based, and existing state files to provide nationally representative traffic crash data..." and it's been doing that since 1975. NHTSA claims it only costs US$30 million per year and is just as good.
Data completeness
According to NHTSA, an estimated 16 million crashes occur annually and of that total, only 6.2 million of those crashes are ever reported to the police. FARS data is collected on a purely voluntary basis through cooperative agreements between NHTSA and each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
References
See also
Road traffic safety
External links
FARS Website
FIRST Website
NCSA safety related Websites
Road safety
Road safety in the United States
Road safety data sets
Accidents |
4009849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Museum%20of%20Anthropology%20%28Mexico%29 | National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico) | The National Museum of Anthropology (, MNA) is a national museum of Mexico. It is the largest and most visited museum in Mexico. Located in the area between Paseo de la Reforma and Mahatma Gandhi Street within Chapultepec Park in Mexico City, the museum contains significant archaeological and anthropological artifacts from Mexico's pre-Columbian heritage, such as the Stone of the Sun (or the Aztec calendar stone) and the Aztec Xochipilli statue.
The museum (along with many other Mexican national and regional museums) is managed by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History), or INAH. It was one of several museums opened by Mexican President Adolfo López Mateos in 1964.
Assessments of the museum vary, with one considering it "a national treasure and a symbol of identity. The museum is the synthesis of an ideological, scientific, and political feat." Octavio Paz criticized the museum's making the Mexica (Aztec) hall central, saying the "exaltation and glorification of Mexico-Tenochtitlan transforms the Museum of Anthropology into a temple."
Architecture
Designed in 1964 by Pedro Ramírez Vázquez, Jorge Campuzano, and Rafael Mijares Alcérreca, the monumental building contains exhibition halls surrounding a courtyard with a huge pond and a vast square concrete umbrella supported by a single slender pillar (known as "el paraguas", Spanish for "the umbrella"). The halls are ringed by gardens, many of which contain outdoor exhibits. The museum has 23 rooms for exhibits and covers an area of 79,700 square meters (almost 8 hectares) or 857,890 square feet (almost 20 acres).
History
At the end of the 18th century, by order of the viceroy of Bucareli, the items that formed part of the collection by Lorenzo Boturini — including the sculptures of Coatlicue and the Sun Stone — were placed in the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, forming the core of the collection that would become the National Museum of Anthropology.
On August 25, 1790, the Cabinet of Curiosities of Mexico (Gabinete de Historia Natural de México) was established by botanist José Longinos Martínez. During the 19th century, the museum was visited by internationally renowned scholars such as Alexander von Humboldt. In 1825, the first Mexican president, Guadalupe Victoria, advised by the historian Lucas Alamán, established the National Mexican Museum as an autonomous institution. In 1865, the Emperor Maximilian moved the museum to Calle de Moneda 13, to the former location of the Casa de Moneda.
In 1906, due to the growth of the museum's collections, Justo Sierra divided the stock of the National Museum. The natural history collections were moved to the Chopo building, which was constructed specifically to shelter permanent expositions. The museum was renamed the National Museum of Archaeology, History and Ethnography, and was re-opened September 9, 1910, in the presence of President Porfirio Díaz. By 1924 the stock of the museum had increased to 52,000 objects and had received more than 250,000 visitors.
In December 1940, the museum was divided again, with its historical collections being moved to the Chapultepec Castle, where they formed the Museo Nacional de Historia, focusing on the Viceroyalty of the New Spain and its progress towards modern Mexico. The remaining collection was renamed the National Museum of Anthropology, focusing on pre-Columbian Mexico and modern day Mexican ethnography.
The construction of the contemporary museum building began in February 1963 in the Chapultepec park. The project was coordinated by architect Pedro Ramírez Vázquez, with assistance by Rafael Mijares Alcérreca and Jorge Campuzano. The construction of the building lasted 19 months, and was inaugurated on September 17, 1964, President Adolfo López Mateos, who declared:
The Mexican people lift this monument in honor of the admirable cultures that flourished during the Pre-Columbian period in regions that are now territory of the Republic. In front of the testimonies of those cultures, the Mexico of today pays tribute to the indigenous people of Mexico, in whose example we recognize characteristics of our national originality.
The film Museo tells the story of the famous robbery to the National Museum of Anthropology on December 25, 1985, in Mexico City.
Exhibits
The museum's collections include the Stone of the Sun, giant stone heads of the Olmec civilization that were found in the jungles of Tabasco and Veracruz, treasures recovered from the Maya civilization, at the Sacred Cenote at Chichen Itza, a replica of the sarcophagal lid from Pacal's tomb at Palenque and ethnological displays of contemporary rural Mexican life. It also has a model of the location and layout of the former Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, the site of which is now occupied by the central area of modern-day Mexico City.
The permanent exhibitions on the ground floor cover all pre-Columbian civilizations located on the current territory of Mexico as well as in former Mexican territory in what is today the southwestern United States. They are classified as North, West, Maya, Gulf of Mexico, Oaxaca, Mexico, Toltec, and Teotihuacan. The permanent expositions at the first floor show the culture of Native American population of Mexico since the Spanish colonization.
The museum also hosts visiting exhibits, generally focusing on other of the world's great cultures. Past exhibits have focused on ancient Iran, Greece, China, Egypt, Russia, and Spain.
Exhibits gallery
See also
Doris Heyden
Further reading
Aveleyra, Luis. "Plantación y metas del nuevo Museo Nacional de Antropología. Artes de México, época 1, año 12, no. 66-67: 12-18. Mexico 1965.
Bernal, Ignacio. El Museo Nacional de Antropología de México. Mexico: Aguilar 1967.
Castillo Lédon, Luis. El Museo Nacional de Arquelogía, Historia, y Etnografía. Mexico: Imprenta del Museo Nacional de Arquelogía, Historia, y Etnografía 1924.
Fernández, Miguel Ángel. Historia de los Museos de México. Mexico: Fomento Cultural del Banco Nacional de México 1987.
Florescano, Enrique. "The Creation of the Museo Nacional de Antropología of Mexico and its scientific, educational, and political purposes." In Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science, edited by John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith. Vol. IV. pp. 1238–1259. London and New York: Routledge, 2000. Reprinted from Collecting the Pre-Columbian Past: A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks 6th and 7th October 1990, Elizabeth Hill Boone (ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1993, pp. 83–103.
Galindo y Villa, Jesús. "Apertura de las clases de historia y arqueología." Boletín del Museo Nacional I: 22–28, Mexico 1911.
Galindo y Villa, Jesús. "Museología. Los museos y su doble función educativa e instructiva." In Memorias de la Sociedad Científica Antonio Alzate 39:415-473. Mexico 1921.
León y Gama, Antonio de Descripción histórica y cronológica de las Dos Piedras. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología 1990.
Matos, Eduardo. Arqueología e indigenismo. Mexico: Instituto Nacional Indigenista, 1986.
Matute, Alvaro. Lorenzo Boturini y el pensamiento histórico de Vico. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 1976.
Mendoza, Gumersindo and J. Sánchez, "Catálogo de las colecciones históricas y arqueológica del Museo Nacional de México." Anales del Museo Nacional pp. 445–486. Mexico 1882.
Núñez y Domínguez, José, "Las clases del Museo Nacional." Boletín del Museo Nacional, segunda época: 215–218. Mexico 1932.
Paz, Octavio. Posdata. Mexico: Siglo Veintiuno Editories 1969.
Ramírez Vázquez, Pedro. "La arquitectura del Museo Nacional de Antropología". Artes de México, época 2, 12 (66-67): 19–32. Mexico: 1965.
Villoro, Luis. Los grandes momentos del indigenismo. Mexico: Casa Chata 1979.
Notes
References
External links
Official website
Website of the INAH
Museo Nacional De Antropologia
Anthropology museums
Archaeological museums in Mexico
Museo Nacional
History museums in Mexico
Mesoamerican art museums
Museums established in 1964
Museums in Mexico City
National museums of Mexico
Museo Nacional
Museo Nacional De Antropologia |
4009850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian%20Philharmonic%20Chamber%20Choir | Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir | Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir (EPCC) is a professional choir based in Estonia. It was founded in 1981 by Tõnu Kaljuste, who was its conductor for twenty years. In 2001, Paul Hillier followed Kaljuste's tenure, becoming the EPCC's principal conductor and artistic director until September 2008, when Daniel Reuss took over the task. Since 2014 the choir's principal conductor has been Kaspars Putniņš. The repertoire of the EPCC ranges from Gregorian Chant to modern works, particularly those of the Estonian composers Arvo Pärt and Veljo Tormis. The group has been nominated for numerous Grammy Awards, and has won the Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance twice: in 2007 with Arvo Pärt's Da pacem and in 2014 with Pärt's Adam's Lament, the latter was shared with Tui Hirv & Rainer Vilu, Sinfonietta Riga & Tallinn Chamber Orchestra; Latvian Radio Choir & Vox Clamantis. In 2018 Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir won the prestigious Gramophone Award with its recording of Magnificat and Nunc dimittis by Arvo Pärt and Psalms of Repentance by Alfred Schnittke (conductor Kaspars Putniņš).
Discography
Gesualdo/Erkki-Sven Tüür/Brett Dean (2015)
Gregory Rose: Danse macabre (2015)
Sibelius: Complete Works for Mixed Choir (2015)
Siin on Ilus Elada (2014)
Baltic Runes (2010)
Arvo Pärt: In Principio (2009)
Toivo Tulev: Songs (2008)
Scattered Rhymes: Tarik O'Regan & Guillaume de Machaut (2008)
A New Joy (2006)
Arvo Pärt: Da pacem (2006) - won Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance 2007
Baltic Voices 3 (2005)
Lepo Sumera: Mushroom Cantata (2005)
Rachmaninov: All-Night Vigil (2005)
Baltic Voices 2 (2004)
The Powers of Heaven (2003)
Antonio Vivaldi: Gloria, Settings from the Mass and Vespers (2003)
Baltic Voices 1 (2002)
Antonio Vivaldi: Salmi a due cori (2002)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Litaniae (2000)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Vesperae et Litania (2000)
Veljo Tormis: Laulu palju (Liederhaufen) (2000)
Paul Giger: Ignis (2000)
Veljo Tormis: Litany to Thunder (1999)
Karl August Hermann, Raimo Kangro, Leelo Tungal: Eesti lauleldused (Estonian Singspiels) (1999)
Arvo Pärt: Kanon Pokajanen (1998)
Arvo Pärt: Beatus (1997)
Veljo Tormis: Casting a Spell (1996)
Arvo Pärt: Litany (1996)
Erkki-Sven Tüür: Crystallisatio (1996)
Kaunimad laulud (The Most Beautiful Songs) (1994)
Arvo Pärt: Te Deum (1993)
Veljo Tormis: Forgotten Peoples (1992)
Rachmaninoff: Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (Rachmaninoff) (2022)
External links
Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir
Musical groups established in 1981
Contemporary classical music ensembles
National choirs
Estonian choirs
1981 establishments in Estonia
Estonian classical music groups |
4009863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Golden%20Topaz | American Golden Topaz | The American Golden Topaz, a 172-faceted topaz weighing , is the largest cut yellow topaz in the world, and one of the largest faceted gems of any type in the world. Originating from Minas Gerais, Brazil, it was cut by Leon Agee over a period of two years from an 11.8 kg (26 lb avdp) stream-rounded cobble owned by Drs. Marie L. and Edgar F. Borgatta. It was contributed jointly by the Borgatta owners and by Rockhound Hobbyists of America to the Smithsonian Institution in 1988 and is displayed in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
External links
American Golden Topaz
Individual topazes
Jewellery in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution |
4009866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20P.%20Leto%20High%20School | A. P. Leto High School | A. P. Leto High School is a public high school within the Hillsborough County Public Schools system and is located at 4409 W Sligh Avenue in Tampa, Florida, U.S.. In addition to the four high school grades, Leto also hosts adult night services. Larissa McCoy, the current principal, was appointed in 2017.
Demographics
As of 2014, Leto High School is 75% Hispanic, .2% White, 23% Black, and < 0% other
The school currently operates as a Title I school (receives additional funds from the federal government) with 98.4% of the student population eligible for free or reduced lunch.
History
Originally called A.P. Leto Comprehensive High School, it was named in honor of Ateo Phillip Leto, a former principal at Jefferson High School and at Chamberlain High School in Tampa. He was originally to serve as the school's first principal, but he died before the school year began. The first principal of Leto was Frank M. Farmer.
Established in 1965 with grades 9-11, which meant that the first graduating class was not until 1967, Leto was the first comprehensive high school in Hillsborough County. It was "comprehensive" because in addition to the high school academic curriculum, Leto offered several modern vocational options for students. Although the largest school in Hillsborough County, it originally lacked a gymnasium, a stadium, baseball and softball fields, which were added in the 1970s. According to Leto's official website, the students of the first graduating class of 1967 chose the school's colors, mascot, alma mater and several other traditions that continue to be practiced at Leto High. The school opened with 1,670 students its first year and is situated on .
Magnet School
Created in 2013, Collegiate Academy is a magnet program provided by Hillsborough Community College. Students enrolled in this program will take college classes while on Leto's campus earning a two-year Associate of Arts degree while also earning their high school diploma.
Publications
The Talon - student-run and produced yearbook
School Report Card
According to the Florida Department of Education, Leto High received the following "grades" between 1998 and 2018:
2017-18 = C
2016-17 = C
2015-16 = ?
2014-15 = F
2013-14 = F
2008-09 = D
2007-08 = D
2006-07 = F
2005-06 = F
2004-05 = D
2003-04 = D
2002-03 = D
2001-02 = D
2000-01 = C
1999-00 = C
1998-99 = C
Improvement
Leto was one of 16 schools nationwide selected by the College Board for inclusion in the EXCELerator "School Improvement Model" program, beginning in the 2007–2008 school year. The project was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Leto during its 50th Anniversary received funding to remodel and restore the campus to how it was during its first opening.
Notable alumni
Hercules '74 - professional wrestler
Gary Huff '69 - NFL football player who quarterbacked the first win in Buccaneers history in 1977
Matt Vogler - football player
Michael Jenkins (wide receiver) - football player
References
External links
Leto
Leto
Public high schools in Florida
1964 establishments in Florida |
4009876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20R.%20Eisenson | Michael R. Eisenson | Michael R. Eisenson is a managing director and co-chairman of Charlesbank Capital Partners, LLC, a private equity investment firm based in Boston and New York. Eisenson co-founded the firm in 1998 and served as its CEO until 2017. Charlesbank raised its most recent fund, Charlesbank Equity Fund IX, in 2017, with $2.75 billion of investor commitments.
Early life
Eisenson earned a BA in economics summa cum laude from Williams College, where he now serves as chairman of the Board of Trustees, and a JD/MBA (1981) from Yale University.
Career
Eisenson previously managed certain assets of Harvard Management Company, where he worked from 1986 until the founding of Charlesbank, ultimately rising to managing director. From 1986 to 1988, Eisenson worked with a branch of Harvard Management Company, Harvard Private Capital Group, Inc., which solely managed the investment portfolio of Harvard University. Prior to his tenure at Harvard Management Company, Eisenson was with the management consulting firm, Boston Consulting Group.
While at Harvard Management Company, Eisenson was the Harvard representative on the Board of Harken Energy when Harken purchased Spectrum VII, the oil company venture founded by George W. Bush. Harvard ultimately made a small profit on the transaction.
A private equity firm, Charlesbank focuses on leveraged buyouts involving middle-market companies, companies with enterprise values of between $150 million and $1.5 billion. The firm has more than $5 billion in total assets. Charlesbank invests on behalf of pension funds, foundations, and endowments. Eisenson has said that he knows he is not always investing in the most glamorous industries, but said, "What we’re looking for are businesses that are undervalued by other people. Our hope is to find the $20 bill that looks like $5 to other people." Eisenson has also said that he will not make money "off misery and poor people," by investing in things like collections agencies.
The name of the firm, Charlesbank, refers both to the Charles River that flows through Boston as well as the firm's history and connection to Harvard University, situated on the Charles. When the company was Harvard Management Company, the group managed a portfolio only for Harvard. Today, the firm has offices in New York City as well as Boston.
Personal life
Eisenson serves on the Board of Directors of Penske Auto Group and StoneCastle Partners. In 2017, he received the Myra H. Kraft Award for Non-Profit Leadership from the National Association for Corporate Directors. In 2011, he was recognized by the Outstanding Directors Exchange for his significant boardroom contributions. Eisenson is a trustee of The Boston Foundation, chairman of the Board of Williams College, trustee of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Vice Chairman of the Board of Berklee College of Music. He is also a founding director of Horizons for Homeless Children and was the 2013 recipient of the James J. Pallotta Award, given by Big Brothers Big Sisters of Massachusetts Bay in recognition of his significant contributions to help at-risk children.
Eisenson and his wife Barbara live in Boston and have four grown children.
Eisenson has contributed to the political campaigns of Barack Obama, Martha Coakley, John Kerry, and Mitt Romney, among others.
He enjoys skiing, travel, tennis, and music.
References
External links
Michael R. Eisenson bio at Charlesbank
Yale School of Management - Alumni Leaders - Michael R. Eisenson '81
Michael R. Eisenson Profile (Boston Business Journal)
American money managers
Boston Consulting Group people
Harvard University people
Living people
Private equity and venture capital investors
Williams College alumni
Yale Law School alumni
Yale School of Management alumni
American chief executives of financial services companies
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4009882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muchland | Muchland | Muchland is a medieval manor in Low Furness in the county of Cumbria in northern England. The manor was the seat of the Lords of Aldingham, and included at its peak the villages of Bardsea, Urswick, Scales, Stainton, Sunbrick, Baycliff, Gleaston, Aldingham, Dendron, Leece and Newbiggin. The area also features the historic remains of Gleaston Castle, Aldingham Castle, Gleaston Water Mill, the Druids' Temple at Birkrigg, plus many prehistoric remains around Urswick and Scales.
The Place
The area that became Muchland in the Middle Ages is situated on the eastern side of the Furness Peninsula in southwest Cumbria. On its eastern side, it is bounded for its entire length by the sands of Morecambe Bay, the shore of which has eroded considerably since the manor was created. Along the coast lie the villages, from north to south, of:
Bardsea
Baycliff
Aldingham
Newbiggin
Goadsbarrow
Muchland derives its name from Michael's Land after Michael le Fleming who was granted the lands by Henry I sometime between 1107 and 1111. These lands lay eastwards of Abbey Beck and southwards of the moors of Birkrigg and Swarthmoor and stretched right down to the southernmost tip of the peninsula at Rampside. At that time the southern limit of the manor was Walney Channel, but it was later moved inland to follow the line of Sarah Beck or Roosebeck. This land became the new manor of Aldingham.
Aldingham is home to the Church of Saint Cuthbert, who was laid here after death on his journey to be buried. A little further down is the remains of Aldingham Moat and Aldingham Motte, both homes to the Lords of Aldingham in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Newbiggin was once home to Sea Mill, one of the three mills of the manor.
The western boundary of the manor is now the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, which was originally land belonging to Stephen of Blois, but belonged to Furness Abbey from 1127 until 1536 when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries. There were numerous debates over the hunting rights between the Lords of Aldingham and the Abbots of Furness in places like Leece and Stainton, which lay at the western boundary of the manor. The small village of Dendron, also on the western boundary, is home to the seventeenth century Saint Matthew's Church where the artist George Romney went to school for a time.
Further east from Dendron is Gleaston, the geographical and administrative centre of the manor from the mid-thirteenth century. The village is dominated by Beacon Hill to the northeast, which legend says was used to signal danger to Piel Castle to the south, which can clearly be seen from the top of the hill. The village boasts the remains of Gleaston Castle and Gleaston Water Mill, the second corn mill of the manor. Gleaston Beck runs through the valley here from Urswick Tarn in the north to the coast at Newbiggin.
North of Gleaston are Scales and Little and Great Urswick. Little Urswick is now home to Low Furness Primary School, but was previously home to a seventeenth-century grammar school. Great Urswick, built around two sides of Urswick Tarn, boasts the ancient Church of Saint Mary and Saint Michael. It would seem this area was of considerable activity in the Iron Age.
To the east of Urswick is Birkrigg Common, so called because it was shared in common with the men of Urswick and Aldingham. This rocky hill has a number of archeological sites, including an ancient stone circle, and has views across Morecambe Bay, Furness and the mountains of the Lake District. On the edge of the common lies the small hamlet of Sunbrick, which is now little more than a few farms and houses, but shelters a small walled Quaker graveyard where leading Quaker Margaret Fell, who lived at nearby Swarthmoor Hall, is buried.
The northern boundary of the manor generally follows the line of the road leading from Lindal-in-Furness in the west to Conishead Priory on the coast. Beyond it is the market town of Ulverston and the manor of Pennington.
The Lost Villages of Muchland
It is known that several villages which once existed in Muchland have since disappeared off the map. Local legends are full of tales about villages on the coast being swept away by the encroaching tides, although there is little to substantiate the tales. It is certain that the gravelly coastline must have suffered considerable erosion over the past centuries and that any village too near the shore might have fallen victim to its advances. Aldingham, for example, may once have been up to a mile in length, stretching out into what is now Morecambe Bay with the church at its centre.
Besides those villages lost to the sea, several others have disappeared. Perhaps the most interesting is Hart, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Hert. There was later a mill named Hart Mill which is known to have been in the vicinity of Gleaston. Archeological investigations have taken place to discover the site of this early mill around the valley where Gleaston Water Mill now stands, but they have yielded little evidence. The name Hart was probably shortened from Hart Carrs, which means 'marsh of the harts'. To the south of Gleaston, at the end of Carrs Lane, there is a large flat area which has been drained, through which still flows Hart Carrs Beck. It is possible that the village once stood in this area.
Two other villages named in the Domesday Book have also disappeared, but are even more difficult to track down. Crivelton probably stood on the coast between Rampside and Roose but has since been washed away by the sea. The name is recorded as Clivertun in the Domesday Book, which suggests a location on a cliff. Fordbootle was probably situated somewhere around modern-day Stank, although its name suggests a location beside a watercourse, possibly further west on the River Yarl. Both Clivertun and Fordbootle were listed in the Domesday Book as vills or townships forming the Manor of Hougun held by Earl Tostig. Around 1153 Roose, Crivelton and Fordbootle were part of an exchange of land between Muchland and Furness Abbey, suggesting that it was certainly situated in that area.
A final village to be mentioned in the Domesday Book is Alia Lies, meaning 'another Leece'. The position of this lost village is by no means certain, but it may have been in the area of Old Holbeck, to the west of present-day Leece, or nearer the coast to the south of the village.
History
Before the Manor
The area later named Muchland has been inhabited since at least the Mesolithic period and evidence of Upper Paleolithic habitation has been found in caves at Scales. Remains of prehistoric settlements from the mesolithic to the Bronze Age have been found at Gleaston and Scales, including a bronze sword and axe head, and human bones. It is believed that a post-glacial lake near Gleaston would have provided food and resources for a small community from the end of the last ice age to the Bronze Age. There is a small stone circle on Birkrigg Common known locally as the Druids' Temple which revealed a Bronze Age burial urn during excavations [OL6 292741].
In the Iron Age, when the Carvetii and, later, Brigantes tribes inhabited the region, there was a great deal of activity on the rocky ground surrounding present-day Urswick and Scales. There are visible remains of a fort to the north of Great Urswick [OL6 274753], a settlement northwest of Little Urswick known as Urswick Stone Walls [OL6 260740] and a homestead to the east [OL6 275734] as well as numerous tumuli and burial chambers in the area.
The Romans may also have been present in Urswick during their occupation. Recent archeological investigations in the area may have uncovered the presence of a Roman fort (a claim which has been criticised by leading local archeologists) and it is believed that the parish church of St Mary and St Michael may contain remnants of a sub-Roman church which could have been the centre of a monastery, although all of these claims are yet to be substantiated by solid evidence. It is possible that the Romans exploited the rich iron-ore resources of the area, which had been utilised in previous times and provided the catalyst for a booming industrial economy in the area in the 19th century.
In the 4th century AD this part of England belonged to the kingdom of Coel Hen, known as Northern Britain or Kyle, but was later in a division of that kingdom known as Rheged. Little is known about the local history at this point, but it is known that the area would have remained Celtic until around the 8th century when Rheged was annexed to Northumbria and English Angles began to filter in. In 685AD land in south Cumbria was granted to Saint Cuthbert and it was recorded that the area still had a significant British population. Part of an early English cross bearing a runic inscription from around this period is available to view in Urswick church.
The English slowly displaced or assimilated the native Cumbric Celts, although they may have remained in pockets around the region (as is evidenced by place names such as Walney, meaning 'Isle of the British' from Old Norse walna+ey). In 925AD Norsemen began landing on the local shores from Norway via Ireland, Man and Scotland but they seem to have been peaceable farmers rather than vicious warriors and they settled amongst the English and British in the region, although part of a Norse sword was found in nearby Rampside. The Norse influence on the area was a significant one, shown not only by the large number of Norse place-names in the area, but also by the discovery of a 12th-century inscription at Loppergarth near Ulverston, which contained a curious mix of both Norse and English runes.
The Lords of Muchland
The le Flemings
After the Norman Conquest in 1066 the small manor of Aldingham was granted to Roger de Poitou as part of a much larger holding which included land across much of the north of England. At that time the area was on the very fringe of Norman England. When the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086 Aldingham had been confiscated from de Poitou for his part in a plot against William I, but it was returned to him shortly after. By 1102 Aldingham had been confiscated from de Poitou once again, but before this he had built a ringwork near the coast at Aldingham.
Around 1107 Aldingham was granted to Michael le Fleming (Latinized to Flandrensis, "of Flanders") and it was he who gave his name to the manor, literally "Michael's Land". At this point the manor stretched from Walney Channel around Rampside and Roose north to Sunbrick and Great Urswick. It was Michael or one of his sons that erected the motte at Aldingham on the site of Roger de Poitou's ringwork [OL6 278698].
In 1153, the second Michael le Fleming agreed an exchange of land with Furness Abbey, giving up Roose, Fordbootle and Crivelton for Little Urswick and part of Foss, near Bootle in Cumberland, so that the Abbot could get greater access to his port at Piel.
By the early 13th century the wealth and importance of the manor had increased significantly and the Lord of the manor was granted the right to hold his own courts Leet and Baron. The manor of Bardsea was also added to the le Fleming estate. Around this time the seat of the manor of Muchland was moved from the motte at Aldingham to a nearby moated site [OL6 279700], probably due to the advance of the sea and the erosion of the hill on which the motte stands.
In 1227 the overlordship of Muchland was changed from the Duke of Lancaster to Furness Abbey. This seems to have been an unwelcome decision for the Lords of Aldingham, as the Abbot began claiming rights to lands within the bounds of Muchland. Over coming years, William le Fleming (alias de Furness) got into several disputes over hunting rights with his neighbour the Abbot of Furness which eventually resulted in William being exempt from formal attendance at the Abbots Court and the men of Muchland being banned from entering the Abbot's town of Dalton-in-Furness.
The de Haringtons
In the mid 13th century Michael de Furness - direct descendant of the first Lord of Aldingham - died crossing the Leven Sands in Morecambe Bay after dining at Cartmel Priory and the manor passed to the Cansfield family from Lancashire through Michael's sister Alina de Furness. It was probably Richard de Cansfield who initiated the move inland from Aldingham to Gleaston, where a wooden hall was probably built about 0.5 km north of the present village [OL6 262715]. When Alina and Richard's son William de Cansfield was drowned in the River Severn the manor passed again through a female heir to the de Harington family from north west Cumbria.
The son of that marriage, John de Harington (1281–1347) was knighted in 1306 and was created Baron Harington upon being summoned by writ to Parliament in 1326. It was he who was responsible for the building of Gleaston Castle on the site of the previous hall, which was begun before 1325 and finished around 1340. The 1st Baron seems to have been quite a contradictory character. Not only was he a member of Parliament, he sat on councils, was a Commissioner of array for eight years, sat on various commissions in the north of England, and completed his obligatory military service with Edward, Prince of Wales and Andrew de Harcla. But he was also involved in a faction opposed to Piers Gaveston and complied in his murder, for which he received a pardon in 1313 and was pardoned again in 1318. His activities with Andrew de Harcla in the Scottish Marches led to his being outlawed in 1323 on discovery of Harcla's treason, but he was pardoned upon surrender then awarded as custodian of the truce with Scotland.
During their time as lords of the manor of Muchland the de Harringtons increased their estate greatly through marriage to heiresses, gaining lands in Devon, Cornwall, Leicestershire, Ireland, and further lands in Cumberland and Westmorland. In 1460 the only male heir to the manor, William Bonville was killed at the age of 17 along with his father and grandfather at the Battle of Wakefield leaving behind a new born baby girl, Cecilia. She later married Thomas Grey, 1st Marquis of Dorset, who was grandfather to Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, who was father of Lady Jane Grey who became Queen of England but was beheaded after nine days by Queen Mary. And so the manor passed to the crown in whose hands it remained until it was given to the Cavendish family of Holker Hall in the 18th century who held it until 1926 when it was sold.
Genealogy
Descendants of Michael le Fleming. Lords of Aldingham are highlighted in bold.
Michael le Fleming, Lord of Aldingham
| (d.1150)
|
Michael le Fleming m. Christiana de Stainton
(d.1186) |
|
William de Furness m. Ada de Furnys Osulf of Flemingby
(c.1150-1203) | |
| |
Michael de Furness m. Agatha Fitz Henry Robert of Hafrinctuna
(1197-1219) | |
| |
William de Furness Thomas de Harrington
| |
|-----------------------------| |
Michael de Furness Alina m. Richard de Cantsfield Michael de Harrington
(d.1269 crossing Leven Sands) | |
|------------------------| |
William de Cantsfield Agnes m. Robert de Harrington
(drowned in R. Severn) (d.1293) | (d.1297)
|
Joan Dacre m. John de Harrington, First Baron of Aldingham
| (1281-1347)
|
Robert de Harrington
|(d.1334)
|
Joan de Birmingham m. John de Harrington
| (1328-1363)
|
Alice de Greystoke m1. Robert de Harrington m². Isobel Loring
| (1356–1406)
|----------------------------|
John de Harrington William de Harrington m. Margaret
(d.1418) (1390-1457) |
|
William Bonville m. Elizabeth
|
|
William Bonville m. Katherine Neville
(c.1443-1460) |
|
Cecile m. Thomas Grey
|
|
Thomas Grey
|
|
Henry Grey m. Lady Frances Brandon
|
|
Lady Jane Grey
Toponymy
Muchland was originally 'Michael's Land', which changed to 'Mickle Land' from the local version of Michael, which was confused with another local term from the Old Norse mikkel meaning 'great' and so became 'Much Land'
Adgarley means 'Eadgar's slope' from Old English Eadgars hliðAldingham means 'home of Alda's people or descendants' from the Old English Alda+inga+ham. [Domesday Aldingham]
Bardsea ?unsure. Possibly 'bard's resting place' from Celtic bard eisteddfa [Domesday Berretseige]
Baycliff ?unsure. There are no notable cliffs in the area, despite the village overlooking Morecambe Bay. [early form Belleclive, 1212]
Birkrigg Common 'ridge with birch trees' from Old Norse birkr hryggrBolton probably 'farmstead with a shelter' from Old Norse boðl tun, the Domesday Book records this as Bolton-le-MoorsCrivelton ?unsure. Domesday records this lost village as Clivertun, which probably means 'village on a cliff' from OE clif+ton. There may be an additional Old Norse element meaning 'hill', klif+haugr+tunDendron Probably clearing in a valley from Old English denu+rum. [Domesday Dene]
Fordbootle 'dwelling by a ford' from ford+boðl [Domesday fordebodele]
Gleaston means 'green hill farm' from Old Norse glas+haugr+tun. [Domesday Glassertun]
Goadsbarrow means 'Godi's or Gauti's burial mound' with the Old English beorgHarbarrow There are several explanations. The second element is certainly 'hill' from Old English beorg. The first is probably 'hare' from Old English hara (there is a Hare Hill nearby), but may also be 'herd' from heord, 'oats' from Old Norse hafri, or 'grey' from Old English har.
Hart now lost, this probably just means 'hart' or 'stag' from Old Norse hjortr. It seems likely this is a shortening of the name Hart Carrs, which means 'marsh where harts live' with Old Norse kjarr. Hart Carrs Beck flows through an area of flat, often boggy land. [Domesday Hert]
Holbeck 'stream in a hole' from Old Norse hol-bekkr'
Leece means 'glades' from Old English leahs. [Domesday Lies]
Newbiggin means 'new building' with Old or Middle English biggin
Rampside either 'Hrafn's shieling' from Old Norse Hrafns saetr or 'ram's head' from Old English ramms heofod, referring to the shape of the coast
Roose 'moor' from the Brythonic Celtic ros
Scales means 'huts' from Old Norse skalis
Scarbarrow ?unsure. Possibly 'hill with huts' from Old Norse skali berg, but may also be 'hill with a scar' - there is a small stream which has eroded the hill into a steep gully.
Skeldon Moor possibly ridge or ledge from a local word skelf, or 'shell midden' with Old Norse skel dun and Old English mōr
Stainton means 'farm by stones' from Old Norse steinn+tun [Domesday Steintun]
Sunbrick means 'pig slope' from Old Norse svin+brekka [Domesday Suntun, meaning 'pig farm']
Urswick ?unsure. '-wick' could either be related to Latin vicus meaning 'town', which is a common feature of places along Roman roads (there's evidence of one to the north); or it could be from Old English wick meaning 'farm'
See also
Gleaston
Cumbria
History of Cumbria
Furness
Middle Ages
References
Furness |
4009888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandalf%20%28musician%29 | Gandalf (musician) | Gandalf (born Heinz Strobl, born 1952) is an Austrian new-age composer. He plays a wide variety of instruments, including guitar, keyboard, synthesizers and sitars. He includes electronic sounds in his music.
He released his first album Journey to an Imaginary Land on 17 March 1981, and his second, Visions, almost one year later on 16 March 1982. He has become one of Austria's most accomplished international musicians.
Discography
Studio albums
1981 - Journey to an Imaginary Land
1982 - Visions
1983 - To Another Horizon
1983 - More Than Just a Seagull
1984 - Magic Theatre
1985 - Tale from a Long Forgotten Kingdom
1987 - The Universal Play
1987 - From Source to Sea
1989 - Invisible Power
1990 - Labyrinth (Soundtrack)
1990 - Symphonic Landscapes
1992 - Gallery of Dreams (feat. Steve Hackett)
1992 - The Stones of Wisdom
1994 - To Our Children's Children
1994 - Colours of the Earth
1995 - Echoes from Ancient Dreams
1996 - The Shining (with Galadriel)
1996 - Gates to Secret Realities
1997 - Barakaya: Trees Water Life
1999 - Into the Light
1999 - Samsara
2000 - Visions 2001 (CD1: inspired by Tolkien, Lord of the Rings. CD2: a compilation "20 Years Gandalf: Rare & Precious Pieces")
2002 - The Fountain of Secrets
2003 - Between Earth and Sky
2004 - Colors of a New Dawn
2005 - Der Prophet
2006 - Sacred River
2007 - Lotus Land
2009 - Sanctuary
2011 - Earthsong and Stardance
2013 - Dreamweaver
2014 - The Prophet - Instrumental Edition (Music inspired by Kahlil Gibran)
2014 - Frame By Frame
2016 - All is One - One is All
2020 - Secret Sarai
Compilations
1987 - Fantasia: Best of Gandalf
1991 - Reflection (Masterworks 1986-1990)
1995 - Magical Voyage
1997 - Under Infinite Skies
2000 - Reiki: Healing Light
2001 - Visions: 2001 (CD1: inspired by Tolkien, Lord of the Rings. CD2: compilation, "20 Years Gandalf: Rare & Precious Pieces")
Live albums
2008 - Live in Vienna
2018 - 35 Years Live''
References
External links
Official Webpage for Gandalf
1952 births
Living people
New-age musicians
Austrian male composers
Austrian composers
Musicians from Vienna |
4009901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong%20Karls%20Land | Kong Karls Land | Kong Karls Land or King Charles Land is an island group in the Svalbard archipelago, in the Arctic Ocean. The island group covers an area of and is made up of the islands of Kongsøya, Svenskøya, Abel Island, Helgoland Island, and Tirpitzøya.
The islands, which have the largest concentration of polar bear in Svalbard, are part of the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve, along with Nordaustlandet and Kvitøya. There is a ban on traffic to the islands, which includes the areas of the sea up to 500 metres away from shore and the airspace up to 500 metres above the area.
Kong Karls Land was discovered by an expedition sent by the Muscovy Company in 1617, probably from a high point on Barentsøya. They named the group Wiche Islands, after a member of the company, Richard Wyche.
Ecology
The polar bear is found during portions of the year at Kong Karls Land; this bear feeds on local harp seals and ring seals. The sub-population of polar bears found here is a genetically distinct set of polar bears specifically associated with the Barents Sea region.
See also
List of islands in the Arctic Ocean
References
External links
Kong Karls Land from www.Svalbard-images.com
Islands of Svalbard |
4009905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraband%20%28American%20Civil%20War%29 | Contraband (American Civil War) | Contraband was a term commonly used in the US military during the American Civil War to describe a new status for certain escaped slaves or those who affiliated with Union forces. In August 1861, the Union Army and the US Congress determined that the US would no longer return escaped slaves who went to Union lines, but they would be classified as "contraband of war," or captured enemy property. They used many as laborers to support Union efforts and soon began to pay wages. The former slaves set up camps near Union forces, and the army helped to support and educate both adults and children among the refugees. Thousands of men from these camps enlisted in the United States Colored Troops when recruitment started in 1863. At the end of the war, more than 100 contraband camps existed in the Southern United States, including the Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, North Carolina, where 3500 former slaves worked to develop a self-sufficient community.
History
The status of Southern-owned slaves, after Confederate states had engaged in the American Civil War, became an issue early in 1861, not long after hostilities began. At Fort Monroe in Virginia's Hampton Roads, Major General Benjamin Butler, commander, learned that three slaves had made their way across Hampton Roads harbor from Confederate-occupied Norfolk County, and presented themselves at Union-held Fort Monroe. General Butler refused to return the escaped slaves to slaveholders who supported the Confederacy. This amounted to classifying them as "contraband," although the first use of that terminology in military records appears to have been by another officer. (see below).
The three slaves, Frank Baker, James Townsend, and Sheppard Mallory, had been leased by their masters to the Confederate Army to help construct defense batteries at Sewell's Point, across the mouth of Hampton Roads from the Union-held Fort Monroe. They escaped at night and rowed a skiff to Old Point Comfort, where they sought asylum at Fort Monroe.
Prior to the War, the owners of the slaves would have been legally entitled to request their return (as property) and likely would have done so under the federal 1850 Fugitive Slave Act. But, Virginia had declared (by secession) that it no longer was part of the United States. General Butler, who was educated as an attorney, took the position that, if Virginia considered itself a foreign power to the U.S., then he was under no obligation to return the three men; he would hold them as "contraband of war." When Confederate Major John B. Cary requested their return, Butler refused the request. Because the practice effectively recognized the seceded states as foreign entities, President Abraham Lincoln disapproved of it.
Gen. Butler did not pay the escaped slaves wages for work that they began to undertake, and he continued to refer to them as slaves. On September 25, 1861, the Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles issued a directive to give "persons of color, commonly known as contrabands", in the employment of the Union Navy pay at the rate of $10 per month and a full day's ration. Three weeks later, the Union Army followed suit, paying male "contrabands" at Fort Monroe $8 a month and females $4, and specific to that command.
In August, the US Congress passed the Confiscation Act of 1861, which declared that any property used by the Confederate military, including slaves, could be confiscated by Union forces. The next March, its Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves forbade returning slaves to Confederate masters or the military.
Grand Contraband Camp
The word spread quickly among southeastern Virginia's slave communities. While becoming a "contraband" did not mean full freedom, many slaves considered it a step in that direction. The day after Butler's decision, many more escaped slaves found their way to Fort Monroe and appealed to become contraband. As the number of former slaves grew too large to be housed inside the Fort, the contrabands erected housing outside the crowded base from the burned ruins of the City of Hampton. They called their new settlement Grand Contraband Camp (which they nicknamed "Slabtown"). By the end of the war in April 1865, less than four years later, an estimated 10,000 escaped slaves had applied to gain "contraband" status, with many living nearby. Across the South, Union forces managed more than 100 contraband camps, although not all were as large. The 1,500 contrabands behind federal lines at Harpers Ferry were returned to slavery when Confederates took the town. From a camp on Roanoke Island that started in 1862, Horace James developed the Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island (1863–1867). Appointed by the Union Army, James was a Congregational chaplain who, with the freedmen, tried to create a self-sustaining colony at the island.
Near Fort Monroe, but outside its protective walls, the pioneering teacher Mary S. Peake began to teach both adult and child contrabands to read and write. She was the first black teacher hired by the American Missionary Association, which also sent numerous Northern white teachers to the South to teach. This area of Elizabeth City County later became part of the campus of Hampton University, a historically black college. Defying a Virginia law against educating slaves, Peake and other teachers held classes outdoors under a certain large oak tree. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was read to the contrabands and free blacks there, for which the tree was named the Emancipation Oak. For most of the contrabands, full emancipation did not take place until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolishing slavery was ratified in late 1865.
"Contraband" term first used by William Budd
General Butler's written statements and communications with the War Department requesting guidance on the issue of fugitive slaves did not use the term "contraband." As late as August 9, 1861, he used the term "slaves" for fugitives who had come to Fort Monroe.
On August 10, 1861, Acting Master William Budd of the gunboat USS Resolute first used the term in an official US military record. As early as 1812, the term, "contraband" was used in general language to refer to illegally smuggled goods (including slaves).
Development
Contraband camps developed around many Union-held forts and encampments. In 1863, after the Emancipation Proclamation and authorization of black military units, thousands of former slaves and free blacks began to enlist in the United States Colored Troops. The Army allowed their families to take refuge at contraband camps. The black troops ultimately comprised nearly 10 percent of all the troops in the Union Army.
By the end of the war, more than 100 contraband camps had been developed in the South. Many were assisted by missionary teachers recruited from the North by the American Missionary Association and other groups who, together with free blacks and freedmen, agreed that education of the former slaves was of the highest priority. The teachers often wrote about the desire of former slaves, both adults and children, for education.
Gallery
See also
"Oh! Let My People Go"
Slavery during the American Civil War
Port Royal Experiment
References
Further reading
External links
Documents, The Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony - letters from missionary teachers, Horace James and freedmen available online
1861 establishments in the United States
1865 disestablishments in the United States
History of Hampton, Virginia
Slavery in the United States
Social history of the American Civil War
Virginia in the American Civil War
Fugitive American slaves
Military emancipation in the American Civil War |
4009910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taggart%20%28film%29 | Taggart (film) | Taggart is a 1964 American Western film directed by R. G. Springsteen and starring Tony Young and Dan Duryea. It was the film debut of David Carradine.
Plot
Just arriving at their newly bought land, Kent Taggart's family has their cattle stampeded and they are murdered by Ben Blazer and his son. Blazer results seriously wounded. Later in a fair gunfight Kent kills Blazer's son. With his last breath, Blazer sends three gunfighters to find and kill Kent: Vince August, Cal Dodge, and Jay Jason, who is a particularly talkative and vicious killer.
In his escape, Taggart heads towards territory that has fallen in Apache hands, followed by the gunfighters. In a semiabandoned town, Taggart helps a lady in trouble at a saloon, getting in return her help and the bartender's. Caught by the gunfighters, he manages to kill Cal and flee.
Later, he finds a couple who are fighting with Apaches. Taggart joins them, and also the gunfighters do. Vince results wounded, and Jay disarms Taggart. The couple helps him to escape.
With no horse or gun, Taggart hides in a rocky hill, where he gets caught by an old man, Adan Stark, and his daughter Miriam. They take him to their dwelling, where there is another young woman, Adan's wife Consuela.
They treat him as a dangerous prisoner, but later that night, Consuela visits him and makes unequivocal advances, promising Taggart riches and happiness if he takes her away from that place. They are surprised by Miriam, who stops the offering and the women have an angry exchange, but as has happened before, Miriam won't tell her father what his wife is doing.
The next day, when Taggart is escaping, he saves Stark's life from an Apache attack. Stark changes his mind about him, and shows Taggart the reason why they haven't left: a gold mine in the property. Stark fills a couple of bags with gold rocks and prepares to leave, before the next Apache attack.
Meanwhile, Jay has killed Vince because he had become a hindrance, so he arrives alone at the Stark place. Taggart explains he is a hired killer, and Jay explains he is pursuing a murderer. The Starks favor Taggart over Jay.
Later that night, Consuela visits Jay and makes unequivocal advances, promising him riches and happiness if he takes her away from that place. Jay is happy to oblige. Another Apache attack happens and Stark results wounded. Jay and Consuela escape with the gold; the Starks head to a fort, with Taggart ahead as a scout.
Jay and Consuela meet a cavalrymen supplies convoy and join them for protection. While they are traveling in one of the Cavalry wagons, Consuela tells Jay she has changed her mind and wants to leave him. Jay attacks her, leaves her for dead, gets the gold, horses, and manages to escape moments before the Apache surround and destroy the Cavalry convoy.
Jay arrives at the fort and asks for new horses to keep running. The officer in command asks whether he has seen the reinforcements they are expecting, Jay says he hasn't seen anything but the destroyed convoy. The officer orders Jay to stay and fight. Taggart pass by the rests of the convoy, reunites with the Starks, and later they arrive at the same fort.
And so, Taggart, the Starks and the soldiers must defend themselves from a fierce Apache attack while hoping for the reinforcements and Jay is trying to escape with the gold before Taggart sees him.
Cast
Tony Young as Kent Taggart
Dan Duryea as Jay Jason
Dick Foran as Adan Stark
Elsa Cárdenas as Consuela Stark
Jean Hale as Miriam Stark
Emile Meyer as Ben Blazer
David Carradine as Cal Dodge
Peter Duryea as Rusty Bob Blazer
Tom Reese as Vince August
Ray Teal as Ralph Taggart
Claudia Barrett as Lola Manners
Stuart Randall as Sheriff
Harry Carey Jr. as Army Lieutenant (uncredited)
See also
List of American films of 1964
External links
1964 films
1964 Western (genre) films
American films
Universal Pictures films
Films based on American novels
Films based on Western (genre) novels
Films directed by R. G. Springsteen
Films scored by Herman Stein
American Western (genre) films |
4009913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical%20Climate%20Initiative | Evangelical Climate Initiative | The Evangelical Climate Initiative (ECI) is a campaign by US-American church leaders and organizations to promote market based mechanisms to mitigate global warming.
Statements
ECI's statements, calling for protecting the earth from global warming, pollution, extinctions.
History
The Evangelical Climate Initiative was launched in February 2006 by the National Association of Evangelicals. The NAE worked with the Center for Health and the Global Environment at Harvard Medical School to bring scientists and evangelical Christian leaders together to mitigate climate change.
It was initially signed by 86 evangelical leaders and the presidents of 39 evangelical colleges. The number of signatories had risen to over 100 by December 2007, and as of July 2011 over 220 evangelical leaders had signed the call to action. David P. Gushee, a professor of Christian ethics at Mercer University, helped draft the document.
See also
Creation care
Sustainability
References
External links
Evangelical Climate Initiative
Climate Change: An Evangelical Call to Action with original list of signatories
Christianity and environmentalism
Evangelical parachurch organizations
Religious action on climate change
Environment of the United States |
4009924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography%20of%20Hillary%20Clinton | Bibliography of Hillary Clinton | This is a list of books and scholarly articles by and about Hillary Clinton, as well as columns by her.
Books are broken out by point of view. Columns about Clinton are not included, as they would be too numerous to list. Self-published works are not included.
Books
By Clinton
Tenth anniversary edition with new Introduction. Simon & Schuster, 2006. .
Picture book, with illustrations by Marla Frazee. Simon & Schuster, 2017. .
Pro ...
Blumenthal, Sidney. The Clinton Wars. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003. .
Bordo, Susan. The Destruction of Hillary Clinton: Untangling the Political Forces, Media Culture, and Assault on Fact That Decided the 2016 Election. Melville House, 2017.
Brock, David. Killing the Messenger: The Right-Wing Plot to Derail Hillary and Hijack Your Government. Twelve, 2015. .
Casey, Wilson. 101 Reasons to Vote FOR Hillary. Skyhorse Publishing, 2016. .
Church, Trevor. Out of the Woods: The Lynch Mob & Hillary Clinton. HERstory House, 2017. .
Clinton, Bill. My Life. Knopf, 2004. .
Clinton Websites: Five Official Archived White House Websites from 1993 through 2001 (CD-ROM set). Core Federal Information Series, 2002. .
Conason, Joe and Lyons, Gene. The Hunting of the President: The Ten-Year Campaign to Destroy Bill and Hillary Clinton. St. Martin's Press, 2000. .
D'Antonio, Michael. The Hunting of Hillary: The Forty-Year Campaign to Destroy Hillary Clinton. Thomas Dunne Books, 2020. .
Davis, Lanny J. The Unmaking of the President 2016: How FBI Director James Comey Cost Hillary Clinton the Presidency. Scribner, 2018. .
Estrich, Susan. The Case for Hillary Clinton. HarperCollins, 2005. .
Finlay, Anita. Dirty Words on Clean Skin: Sexism and Sabotage, a Hillary Supporter's Rude Awakening. Golden Middleway Books, 2012. .
Halley, Patrick. On the Road With Hillary: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Journey from Arkansas to the U.S. Senate. Viking Adult, 2002. .
Osborne, Claire G. (ed.) The Unique Voice of Hillary Rodham Clinton: A Portrait in Her Own Words. Avon Books, 1997. .
Shambaugh, Rebecca. Leadership Secrets of Hillary Clinton. McGraw-Hill, 2010. .
Tomasky, Michael. Hillary's Turn: Inside Her Improbable, Victorious Senate Campaign. Free Press, 2001. .
Westfall, Sandra Sobieraj and Kinney, Barbara. #StillWithHer: Hillary Rodham Clinton and the Moments That Sparked a Movement. Press Syndication Group, 2018. .
Anti...
Aldrich, Gary. Unlimited Access: An FBI Agent Inside the Clinton White House. Regnery Publishing, 1996. .
American Conservative Union. Hillary Rodham Clinton: What Every American Should Know. Green Hill Publishing, 2005. .
Andersen, Christopher. Bill and Hillary: The Marriage. William Morrow, 1999. .
Andersen, Christopher, American Evita: Hillary Clinton's Path to Power. HarperCollins, 2004. .
Bossie, David N. Hillary: The Politics of Personal Destruction. Thomas Nelson, 2008. .
Boswell, John, The Unshredded Files of Hillary and Bill Clinton. Broadway, 1996. .
Bozell, L. Brent with Tim Graham. Whitewash: How the News Media Are Paving Hillary Clinton's Path to the Presidency. Crown Forum, 2007. .
Brazile, Donna. Hacks: The Inside Story of the Break-ins and Breakdowns That Put Donald Trump in the White House. Hachette Books, 2017. .
Buchanan, Bay. The Extreme Makeover of Hillary (Rodham) Clinton. Regnery Publishing, 2007. .
Byrne, Gary J. Crisis of Character: A White House Secret Service Officer Discloses His Firsthand Experience with Hillary, Bill, and How They Operate. Center Street, 2016. .
Carpenter, Amanda B. The Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy's Dossier on Hillary Clinton. Regnery Publishing, 2006. .
Casey, Wilson. 101 Reasons to Vote AGAINST Hillary. Skyhorse Publishing, 2016. .
Cashill, Jack. Ron Brown's Body: How One Man's Death Saved the Clinton Presidency and Hillary's Future. Thomas Nelson, 2004. .
Corsi, Jerome R. Partners in Crime: The Clintons' Scheme to Monetize the White House for Personal Profit. WND Books, 2016. .
D'Souza, Dinesh. Stealing America: What My Experience with Criminal Gangs Taught Me about Obama, Hillary, and the Democratic Party. Broadside Books, 2015. .
D'Souza, Dinesh. Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party. Regnery Publishing, 2016.
Featherstone, Liza (ed.) False Choices: The Faux Feminism of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Verso, 2016. .
Goldberg, Jonah, Liberal Fascism: The Totalitarian Temptation from Mussolini to Hillary Clinton. Doubleday, 2007. .
Halper, Daniel. Clinton, Inc.: The Audacious Rebuilding of a Political Machine. Broadside Books, 2014. .
Henwood, Doug. My Turn: Hillary Clinton Targets the Presidency. Seven Stories Press, 2016. .
Hewitt, Hugh. The Queen: The Epic Ambition of Hillary and the Coming of a Second "Clinton Era". Center Street, 2015. .
Horowitz, David and Poe, Richard. The Shadow Party : How Hillary Clinton, George Soros, and the Sixties Left Took Over the Democratic Party. Nelson Current, 2006. .
Hyman, Mark. Pardongate: How Bill & Hillary Clinton and Their Brothers Profited from Pardons. Highbridge Audio and Blackstone Publishing, 2021. ISBN 1-6651-7575-3.
Ingraham, Laura. The Hillary Trap: Looking for Power in All the Wrong Places. Hyperion, 2000. .
Jackson, Candace E. Their Lives: Women Targeted by the Clinton Machine. World Ahead Publishing, 2005.
Jarrett, Gregg. The Russia Hoax: The Illicit Scheme to Clear Hillary Clinton and Frame Donald Trump. Broadside Books, 2018. .
Johnstone, Diana. Queen of Chaos: The Misadventures of Hillary Clinton. CounterPunch, 2015. .
Klein, Aaron. The REAL Benghazi Story: What the White House and Hillary Don't Want You to Know. WND Books, 2014. .
Klein, Edward. The Truth About Hillary: What She Knew, When She Knew It, and How Far She'll Go to Become President. Penguin, 2005. .
Klein, Edward. Blood Feud: The Clintons vs. the Obamas. Regnery Publishing, 2014. .
Klein, Edward. Unlikeable: The Problem with Hillary. Regnery Publishing, 2015. .
Klein, Edward. Guilty as Sin: Uncovering New Evidence of Corruption and How Hillary Clinton and the Democrats Derailed the FBI Investigation. Regnery, 2016. iSBN
Kyle, Dolly. Hillary the Other Woman: A Political Memoir. WND Books, 2016. .
Kuiper, Thomas. I've Always Been a Yankees Fan: Hillary Clinton in Her Own Words. World Ahead Publishing, 2006. .
Limbacher, Carl. Hillary's Scheme: Inside the Next Clinton's Ruthless Agenda to Take the White House. Crown Publishing, 2003. .
Milton, Joyce. The First Partner: Hillary Rodham Clinton. William Morrow and Company, 1999. .
Morris, Dick. Rewriting History. HarperCollins, 2004. .
Morris, Dick and McGann, Eileen. Condi vs. Hillary : The Next Great Presidential Race. HarperCollins, 2005. .
Morris, Dick and McGann, Eileen. Armageddon: How Trump Can Beat Hillary. Humanix Books, 2016.
Noonan, Peggy. The Case Against Hillary Clinton. HarperCollins, 2000. .
Olson, Barbara. Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Regnery Publishing, 1999. .
Pierce, Anne R. A Perilous Path: The Misguided Foreign Policy of Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton and John Kerry. Post Hill Press, 2016. .
Podhoretz, John. Can She Be Stopped? : Hillary Clinton Will Be the Next President of the United States Unless .... Crown Publishing, 2006. .
Poe, Richard. Hillary's Secret War: The Clinton Conspiracy to Muzzle Internet Journalists. Nelson Current, 2004. .
Regan, Turk. The Hillary Clinton Voodoo Kit: Stick It to Her, Before She Sticks It to You!. Running Press Book Publishers, 2007. .
Schweizer, Peter. Clinton Cash: The Untold Story of How and Why Foreign Governments and Businesses Helped Make Bill and Hillary Rich. Harper, 2015. .
Starr, Ken. Contempt: A Memoir of the Clinton Investigation. Sentinel, 2018. .
Stone, Roger and Morrow, Robert. The Clintons' War On Women. Skyhorse Publishing, 2013. .
Taylor, Scott. Trust Betrayed: Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and the Selling Out of America's National Security. Regnery Publishing, 2015. .
Tyrrell, R. Emmett and Davis, Mark. Madame Hillary: The Dark Road to the White House. Regnery Publishing, 2004. .
Wead, Doug. Game of Thorns: The Inside Story of Hillary Clinton's Failed Campaign and Donald Trump's Winning Strategy. Center Street, 2017.
Willey, Kathleen. Target: Caught in the Crosshairs of Bill and Hillary Clinton. WND Books, 2007. .
Mostly neutral
Allen, Jonathan and Parnes, Amie. HRC: State Secrets and the Rebirth of Hillary Clinton. Crown, 2014. .
Allen, Jonathan and Parnes, Amie. Shattered: Inside Hillary Clinton's Doomed Campaign. Deckle Edge, 2017.
Bamberger, Joanne (ed.). Love Her, Love Her Not: The Hillary Paradox. She Writes Press, 2015. .
Bernstein, Carl. A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Knopf, 2007. .
Bond, Alma H. Hillary Rodham Clinton: On The Couch. Bancroft Press, 2015. .
Boys, James D. Hillary Rising : The Politics, Persona and Policies of a New American Dynasty. Biteback Publishing, 2016. .
Brock, David. The Seduction of Hillary Rodham. Simon & Schuster, 1996. .
Chafe, William H. Bill and Hillary: The Politics of the Personal. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. .
Chozick, Amy. Chasing Hillary: Ten Years, Two Presidential Campaigns, and One Intact Glass Ceiling. Harper, 2018. .
Flaherty, Peter and Flaherty, Timothy. The First Lady: A Comprehensive View of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Huntington House, 1996. .
Flinn, Susan K. (ed.). Speaking of Hillary: A Reader's Guide to the Most Controversial Woman in America. White Cloud Press, 2000. .
Ghattas, Kim. The Secretary: A Journey with Hillary Clinton from Beirut to the Heart of American Power. Times Books, 2013. .
Gerth, Jeff and Van Natta Jr., Don. Her Way: The Hopes and Ambitions of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Little, Brown and Co., 2007. .
Harpaz, Beth. The Girls in the Van: Covering Hillary. Thomas Dunne Books, 2001. .
Heilemann, John and Halperin, Mark. Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime. HarperCollins, 2010. .
King, Norman. Hillary: Her True Story. Carol Publishing, 1993. .
Kornblut, Anne E. Notes from the Cracked Ceiling: Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and What It Will Take for a Woman to Win. Crown Books, 2009. .
Kreitner, Richard (ed.). Who is Hillary Clinton?: Two Decades of Answers from the Left. I.B.Tauris, 2016. .
Landler, Mark. Alter Egos: Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and the Twilight Struggle Over American Power. Random House, 2016. .
Maraniss, David. First In His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton. Simon & Schuster, 1995. .
Marshall, Sara. Hillary. New Word City, 2014.
McNeely, Robert. The Making of Hillary Clinton: The White House Years. University of Texas Press, 2017.
Morris, Roger. Partners in Power: The Clintons and Their America. Henry Holt, 1996. .
Morrison, Susan (ed.). Thirty Ways of Looking at Hillary: Reflections by Women Writers. HarperCollins, 2008. .
Mueller, James E. Tag Teaming the Press: How Bill and Hillary Clinton Work Together to Handle the Media. Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. .
Nelson, Rex and Martin, Philip. The Hillary Factor: The Story of America's First Lady. Gallen Publishing, 1993. .
Oppenheimer, Jerry. State of a Union: Inside the Complex Marriage of Bill and Hillary Clinton. HarperCollins, 2000. .
Osborne, Claire G. The Unique Voice of Hillary Rodham Clinton: A Portrait in Her Own Words. Avon Books, 1997. .
Porter, Darwin and Prince, Danforth. Bill & Hillary: So This Is That Thing Called Love. Blood Moon Productions, 2015. .
Radcliffe, Donnie. Hillary Rodham Clinton : A First Lady for Our Time. Warner Books, 1993. .
Reid, Joy-Ann. Fracture: Barack Obama, the Clintons, and the Racial Divide. William Morrow, 2015. .
Renwick, Robin. Ready for Hillary?: Portrait of a President in Waiting. Biteback Publishing, 2015. .
Rogak, Lisa. Hillary Clinton in Her Own Words. Seal Press, 2014. .
Sanchez, Leslie. You've Come a Long Way, Maybe: Sarah, Michelle, Hillary, and the Shaping of the New American Woman . Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. .
Sheehy, Gail. Hillary's Choice. Random House, 1999. .
Smith, Sally Bedell. For Love of Politics: Bill and Hillary Clinton: The White House Years. Random House, 2007. .
Traister, Rebecca. Big Girls Don't Cry: The Election that Changed Everything for American Women. Free Press, 2011. .
Time magazine, editors of. Hillary: An American Life. Time, 2014. .
University Press, editors of. Hillary Clinton: The Biography. University Press, 2021. ISBN 979-8546963484.
Walker, Diana. Hillary: The Photographs of Diana Walker. Simon & Schuster, 2014. .
Warner, Judith. Hillary Clinton: The Inside Story (revised and updated). Signet, 1999. .
Scholarly studies
Burrell, Barbara. Public Opinion, the First Ladyship, and Hillary Rodham Clinton (2nd Ed). Taylor & Francis, 2001. .
Cargile, Ivy A.M., Denise S. Davis, Jennifer L. Merolla, and Rachel VanSickle-Ward (eds.). The Hillary Effect: Perspectives on Clinton's Legacy. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020. ISBN 1-83860-392-1.
Gronnerud, Kathleen. Hillary Clinton: A Life in American History. ABC-CLIO, 2021. ISBN 1-4408-7418-2.
Gutgold, Nichola D. Almost Madam President: Why Hillary Clinton 'Won' in 2008. Lexington Books, 2009. .
Hudson, Valerie M. and Leidl, Patricia. The Hillary Doctrine: Sex and American Foreign Policy. Columbia University Press, 2015. .
Kelley, Colleen Elizabeth. The Rhetoric of First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton: Crisis Management Discourse. Greenwood Publishing, 2001. .
Lawrence, Regina G. and Rose, Melody. Hillary Clinton's Race for the White House: Gender Politics and the Media on the Campaign Trail. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009. .
Parry-Giles, Shawn J. Hillary Clinton in the News: Gender and Authenticity in American Politics. University of Illinois Press, 2014. .
Sharma, Dinesh (ed.). The Global Hillary: Women's Political Leadership in Cultural Contexts. Routledge, 2016. .
Troy, Gil. Affairs of State: The Rise and Rejection of the Presidential Couple Since World War II Free Press, 1997. .
Troy, Gil. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Polarizing First Lady. University Press of Kansas, 2006. .
Van Raamsdonk, Alice Garcia. Hillary Rodham Clinton: De Activista Liberal a Arquétipo do Poder Feminino. Universitária Editora, 2000. .
Poetry
Kunkel, Marianne. Hillary, Made Up. Stephen F. Austin University Press, 2018. .
Children's and juvenile
Abrams, Dennis. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Politician. Chelsea House Publications, 2009. .
Alexander, Heather. Who is Hillary Clinton? Penguin Young Readers Group, 2016. .
Armstrong, Jennifer. Bill and Hillary: Working Together in the White House. Sagebrush, 1999. .
Ashby, Ruth. Bill & Hillary Rodham Clinton. World Almanac Library, 2005. .
Bach, Julie. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Abdo Publishing, 1993. .
Bailey, Neal and Howe, Ryan (Illus.) Hillary Clinton (Female Force). Bluewater Productions, 2009. .
Blumenthal, Karen. Hillary Rodham Clinton: A Woman Living History. Feiwel & Friends, 2016. .
Boyd, Aaron. First Lady: The Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Morgan Reynolds Publishing, 1994. .
Burgan, Michael. Hillary Rodham Clinton: First Lady And Senator. Compass Point Books, 2008. .
Burgan, Michael. Hillary Clinton (Extraordinary Women). Ignite, 2014. .
Burlingame, Jeff. Hillary Clinton: A Life in Politics. Enslow Publishers, 2008. .
Carosella, Melissa. Hillary Clinton: First Lady, Senator, and Secretary of State. Teacher Created Materials, 2011. .
Corey, Shana and Adam Gustavson (Illus.) Hillary Clinton: The Life of a Leader. Random House Books for Young Readers, 2016. .
Doak, Robin S. Hillary Clinton. True Books, Children's Press, 2013. .
Driscoll, Laura. Hillary Clinton: An American Journey. Grosset & Dunlap, 2008. .
Eagan, Jill. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Gareth Stevens Publishers, 2010. .
Epstein, Dwayne. Hillary Clinton. Lucent Books, 2007. .
Freedman, Jeri. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Profile of a Leading Democrat. Rosen Publishing Group, 2007. .
Freedman, Jeri. Hillary Rodham Clinton. ReadHowYouWant, 2008. .
Greenberg, Keith Elliot and Harston, Jerry (Illus.) Bill & Hillary: Working Together in the White House. Blackbirch Press, 1994. .
Guernsey, Joann Bren. Hillary Rodham Clinton: A New Kind of First Lady. Lerner Publishing Group, 1993. .
Guernsey, Joann Bren. Hillary Rodham Clinton. First Avenue Editions, 2005. .
Guernsey, Joann Bren. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Secretary of State. Twenty-First Century Books, 2010. .
Gullo, Jim. The Importance Of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Lucent Books, 2003. .
Kawa, Katie. Hillary Clinton. Powerkids Press, 2016. .
Kent, Deborah. Hillary Rodham Clinton: 1947. Children's Press, 1999. .
Kozar, Richard. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Chelsea House Publications, 1998. .
Krull, Kathleen and Bates, Amy June (Illus.) Hillary Rodham Clinton: Dreams Taking Flight. Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing, 2008. . Reissued in new edition 2015, .
Levert, Suzanne. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Topeka Bindery, 1999. .
Levinson, Cynthia. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Do All the Good You Can. Balzer + Bray, 2016. .
Levy, Dena B., and Krassas, Nicole R. Hillary Clinton : A Biography. Greenwood Press, 2007. .
Loewen, Nancy. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Creative Education, 1998. .
Maida, Jerome. Political Power: Hillary Rodham Clinton. Bluewater Productions, 2011. .
Markel, Michelle and Pham, LeUyen (illus.). Hillary Rodham Clinton: Some Girls Are Born to Lead. Balzer + Bray, 2016. .
Mattern, Joanne. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Checkerboard Books, 2007. .
Milton, Joyce. The Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Yearling, 1994. .
Paley, Rebecca and Melissa Manwill. A Girl Named Hillary: The True Story of Hillary Clinton. Scholastic, 2018 .
Ryan Jr., Bernard. Hillary Rodham Clinton: First Lady and Senator. Ferguson Publishing Company, 2004. .
Shepherd, Jodie. Hillary Clinton. C. Press/F. Watts Trade, 2015. .
Sherrow, Victoria. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Dillon Press, 1993. .
Spain, Valerie. Meet Hillary Rodham Clinton. Random House Books for Young Readers, 1994. .
Stacey, T. J. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Activist First Lady. Enslow Publishers, 1994. .
Tracy, Kathleen. The Historic Fight for the 2008 Democratic Presidential Nomination: The Clinton View. Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2009. .
Wagner, Heather Lehr. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Chelsea House Publications, 2004. .
Wheeler, Jill C. Hillary Rodham Clinton. ABDO & Daughters, 2002. .
Winter, Jonah and Colón, Raul (illus.). Hillary. Schwartz & Wade, 2016. .
Comics and graphic novels
Bailey, Neal and Ryan Howe (artist). Female Force: Hillary Clinton #1. Bluewater Productions, 2009. ASIN: 194872443X [#2 and #3 subsequently published as well]
Bailey, Neal and several (artists). Sarah Palin, Michelle Obama, Hillary Clinton & Caroline Kennedy: Female Force VI. Bluewater Productions, 2009. ASIN: B003JTHVR4
Frizell, Michael L. and Aleksandar Bozic (artist). Female Force: Hillary Clinton: Road to Secretary of State. Bluewater Productions, 2015. ASIN: B00WTCT1MK
Frizell, Michael L. and Aleksandar Bozic, Joe Paradise and Ryan Howe (artists). Female Force: Hillary Clinton: The Graphic Novel. Stormfront Entertainment, 2015. ASIN: B00Z3IH08E
Frizell, Michael L. and Joe Paradise (artist). Female Force: Hillary Clinton: The Road to the White House. Bluewater Productions, 2015.
Frizell, Michael L. Political Power: Election 2016: Clinton, Bush, Trump, Sanders, & Paul. TidalWave Productions, 2018. ASIN: 194872443X
Coloring and play books
Cuhwald, Caitlin. Hillary Rodham Clinton Presidential Playset: Includes Ten Paper Dolls, Three Rooms of Fun, Fashion Accessories, and More! Quirk Books, 2015. .
LeBorts, George and Wojciech Wilk (illus.). The Very Unofficial Hillary Clinton Coloring Book. Strobooks, 2007. .
Ramon, Valentin (illus.). Hillary: The Coloring Book. Ulysses Press, 2014. .
Schumacher, Maria. Circle It, Hillary Clinton Facts, Word Search, Puzzle Book. Lowry Global Media, 2016. .
Schumacher, Maria and Schumacher, Mark. Special Edition, Two Books in One!!! Circle It, Hillary Clinton Facts and Donald Trump Facts, Word Search, Puzzle Book. Lowry Global Media, 2016. .
Fictional
Bowen, Michael. HILLARY!: How America's First Woman President Won The White House. Branden Books, 2003. .
Cowan, Bill and Carlson, Richard W. Snatching Hillary, A Satirical Novel. Tulip Hill Publishing, 2014. .
Hnath, Lucas. Hillary and Clinton (script of play). Theatre Communications Group, 2019. .
Moe, John. The Deleted Emails of Hillary Clinton: A Parody. Three Rivers Press, 2015. .
Shaw, Vera G. and Reis, Emmy (illus.). Hillary Clinton Haiku: Her Rise to Power, Syllable by Syllable, Pantsuit by Pantsuit. Twelve, 2015. .
Sittenfeld, Curtis. Rodham. Random House, 2020. .
Scholarly articles and chapters
By Clinton
Rodham, Hillary D. "There Is Only The Fight...": An Analysis of the Alinsky Model. Senior honors thesis, Wellesley College, 1969. Available at the college archives.
Reprinted in (eds.) Rochelle Beck, Heather Bastow Weiss, The Rights of Children, Harvard Educational Review Reprint Series, No. 9, 1974, pp. 1–28.
Rodham, Hillary. "Children's Rights: A Legal Perspective", in (eds.) Patricia A. Vardin, Ilene N. Brody, Children's Rights: Contemporary Perspectives, Teacher's College Press, 1979. pp. 21–36
Clinton, Hillary. "America's Pacific Century", Foreign Policy, issue 189, pp. 56–63 (October 11, 2011).
By others
Anderson, Karrin Vasby. "Hillary Rodham Clinton as 'Madonna': The Role of Metaphor and Oxymoron in Image Restoration". Women's Studies in Communication, Vol. 25, 2002.
Anderson, Karrin Vasby. "Presidential Pioneer or Campaign Queen?: Hillary Clinton and the First-Timer/Frontrunner Double Bind." Rhetoric & Public Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 3, Fall 2017.
Bhatia, Sudeep, and Geoffrey P. Goodwin and Lukasz Walasek. "Trait Associations for Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in News Media: A Computational Analysis." Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2018.
Bostdorff, Denise M. "Hillary Rodham Clinton and Elizabeth Dole as Running 'Mates' in the 1996 Campaign: Parallels in the Rhetorical Constraints of First Ladies and Vice Presidents" in Robert E. Denton Jr., ed., The 1996 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective, pp 199–228. Praeger, 1998. .
Brown, Mary Ellen. "Feminism and Cultural Politics: Television Audiences and Hillary Rodham Clinton." Political Communication (2001).
Burden, Barry C. and Mughan, Anthony. "Public opinion and Hillary Rodham Clinton", Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 2 (Summer 1999).
Burrell, Barbara C. "The Office of the First Lady and Public Policymaking" in MaryAnne Borrelli and Janet M. Martin, eds. The Other Elites: Women, Politics, and Power in the Executive Branch, pp 169–88. Rienner, 1997. .
Carlin, Diana B. and Winfrey, Kelly L. "Have you come a long way, baby? Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and sexism in 2008 campaign coverage", Communication Studies (2009).
Choma, Becky L. and Yaniv Hanoch. "Cognitive ability and authoritarianism: Understanding support for Trump and Clinton." Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 106 (February 2017).
Cohen, Jeffrey E. "The Polls: Public Favorability toward the First Lady, 1993-1999" Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 3. 2000, pp 575+.
Crowson, Howard Michael and Joyce A. Brandes. "Differentiating Between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton Voters Using Facets of Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social-Dominance Orientation." Psychological Reports, 2017.
Enli, Gunn. "Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election." European Journal of Communication Vol. 32, No. 1 (2017).
Gardetto, Darlaine C. "Hillary Rodham Clinton, Symbolic Gender Politics, and The New York Times: January–November 1992", Political Communication (1997).
Holloway, Rachel L. "The Clintons and the Health Care Crisis: Opportunity Lost, Promise Unfulfilled" in Robert E. Denton Jr. and Rachel L. Holloway, eds. The Clinton Presidency: Images, Issues, and Communication Strategies, pp. 159–88. Praeger, 1996. .
Jones, Jennifer J. "Talk 'Like a Man': The Linguistic Styles of Hillary Clinton, 1992–2013". Perspectives on Politics, 14(3) (2016), 625–642.
Jordan, GH. "Agents of (Incremental) Change: From Myra Bradwell to Hillary Clinton", Nevada Law Journal, 2008.
Kellerman, Barbara. "The Enabler," Presidential Studies Quarterly Volume: 28. Issue: 4. 1998, pp 887–893.
Lather, Patti. "Dear Hillary." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, Vol. 30, No. 10, 2017.
Lawrence, Regina G., and Melody Rose. "Bringing Out the Hook: Exit Talk in Media Coverage of Hillary Clinton and Past Presidential Campaigns." Political Research Quarterly (2010).
Lehn, Melody. "Strong Frontrunner, Weak Woman: Hillary Rodham Clinton and the Politics of Pile On" in Clarke Rountree, ed. Venomous Speech: Problems with American Political Discourse on the Right and Left, Vol. 2, pp. 223–236. Praeger, 2013. .
Lim, E.T. "Gendered Metaphors of Women in Power: The Case of Hillary Clinton as Madonna, Unruly Woman, Bitch and Witch". In: Ahrens K. (ed.) Politics, Gender and Conceptual Metaphors. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
McGinley, Ann. "Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Michelle Obama: Performing Gender, Race, and Class on the Campaign Trail." Denver University Law Review vol. 86 no. 709 (2008–2009).
Muir, Janette Kenner and Lisa M. Benitez, "Redefining the Role of the First Lady: The Rhetorical Style of Hillary Rodham Clinton" in Robert E. Denton Jr. and Rachel L. Holloway, eds. The Clinton Presidency: Images, Issues, and Communication Strategies, pp. 139–58. Praeger, 1996.
Nai, Alessandro and Jürgen Maier. "Perceived personality and campaign style of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump." Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 121, January 2018.
Ratliff, Katie A. et al. "Engendering support: Hostile sexism predicts voting for Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2017.
Shafer, Emily Fitzgibbons. "Hillary Rodham Versus Hillary Clinton: Consequences of Surname Choice in Marriage." Gender Issues, Vol. 34, No. 4, December 2017.
Simien, Evelyn M. and Sarah Cote Hampson. "Hillary Clinton and the Women Who Supported Her: Emotional Attachments and the 2008 Democratic Presidential Primary." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, Vol. 14, No. 1, Spring 2017.
Stewart, Patrick A. et al. "Visual Presentation Style 2: Influences on Perceptions of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton Based on Visual Presentation Style During the Third 2016 Presidential Debate." American Behavioral Scientist, 2017.
Swank, Eric. "Who Voted for Hillary Clinton? Sexual Identities, Gender, and Family Influences." Journal of GLBT Family Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1–2, 2018.
Taylor, Cheryl A. and Charles G. Lord, Rusty B. McIntyre, René M. Paulson. "The Hillary Clinton effect: When the same role model inspires or fails to inspire improved performance under stereotype threat", Group Processes & Intergroup Relations (2011).
Templin, Charlotte. "Hillary Clinton as threat to gender norms: Cartoon images of the first lady", Journal of Communication Inquiry (1999).
Thomas, JB. "Dumb blondes, Dan Quayle, and Hillary Clinton: Gender, sexuality, and stupidity in jokes", Journal of American Folklore (1997).
Uscinski, Joseph E., and Lily J. Goren. "What's in a Name? Coverage of Senator Hillary Clinton during the 2008 Democratic Primary." Political Research Quarterly (2010).
Visser, Beth A. and Angela S. Book, Anthony A. Volk. "Is Hillary dishonest and Donald narcissistic? A HEXACO analysis of the presidential candidates' public personas." Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 106 (February 2017).
Wang, Y., Y. Feng, J. Luo, and X. Zhang, "Pricing the woman card: Gender politics between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump," 2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, 2016, pp. 2541–2544.
Winfield, Betty Houchin. "The making of an image: Hillary Rodham Clinton and American journalists", Political Communication (1997).
Wright, Joshua D. and Monica F.Tomlinson, "Personality profiles of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump: Fooled by your own politics." Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 128 (July 2018).
Columns by Clinton
Complete collection of Hillary Rodham Clinton's "Talking It Over" newspaper columns, written for Creators Syndicate from 1995–2000
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "There is no such thing as 'other peoples' children", Los Angeles Times (March 14, 1995).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Investing In Sisterhood: An Agenda for the World's Women", The Washington Post (May 14, 1995).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Arts for Our Sake", The New York Times (June 21, 1995).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Our Chance for Healthier Children", The New York Times (August 5, 1997).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "With Fear, Hope, Love and Best Wishes for My Daughter, Chelsea", Los Angeles Times (September 18, 1997).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Joe Lieberman]. "Keep welfare reform momentum", The Spokesman-Review via The Washington Post (May 4, 2002).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Helping the Jobless", The New York Times (September 20, 2002).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Now Can We Talk About Health Care?", The New York Times (April 18, 2004).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Give New York Its Fair Share of Homeland Funds", The New York Times (August 22, 2004).
Clinton, Hillary [with Bill Frist]. "How to Heal Health Care", The Washington Post (August 25, 2004).
Clinton, Hillary [with Carl Levin]. "North Korea's Rising Urgency" (July 5, 2005).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Cecile Richards]. "Blocking Care for Women", The New York Times (September 19, 2008).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Partnering Against Human Trafficking", The Washington Post (June 17, 2009).
Clinton, Hillary. "A New Strategic and Economic Dialogue With China", The Wall Street Journal (July 27, 2009).
Clinton, Hillary. "Hillary Clinton: All Nations Must Play a Part in Afghanistan Mission", The Telegraph (December 4, 2009)
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "The U.S. Is on Board", The International Herald Tribune (December 15, 2009).
Clinton, Hillary. "The Balkans Deserve This", The Guardian (May 30, 2010).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "A Partnership of Democracies", Times of India (June 4, 2010)
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Robert M. Gates]. "Clinton and Gates: Why the Senate should ratify New START", The Washington Post (November 15, 2010).
Clinton, Hillary. "Clean stoves' would save lives, cut pollution", USA Today (May 6, 2011)
Clinton, Hillary. "Independence Day for South Sudan", The Washington Post (July 9, 2011).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Carl Bildt]. "Wallenberg's Life-Giving Legacy", The New York Times (January 17, 2012).
Clinton, Hillary. "Hillary Clinton: Trade With Russia Is a Win-Win", The Wall Street Journal (June 19, 2012).
Clinton, Hillary. "The Art of Smart Power", New Statesman (July 18, 2012)
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Catherine Ashton]. "Ukraine's Troubling Trends", The International Herald Tribune (October 25, 2012).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Hillary Clinton reviews Henry Kissinger's 'World Order'", The Washington Post, (September 4, 2014).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Bill Frist]. "Save the Children's Insurance", The New York Times (February 13, 2015).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "American Democracy Is in Crisis", The Atlantic (September 16, 2018).
Clinton, Hillary. "Mueller documented a serious crime against all Americans. Here's how to respond." The Washington Post (April 24, 2019).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Trump should be impeached. But that alone won't remove white supremacy from America." The Washington Post (January 11, 2021).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "The Fight for Voting Rights Is The Fight For Our Democracy". Democracy Docket (July 7, 2021).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Dan Schwerin]. "A State of Emergency for Democracy". The Atlantic'' (February 25, 2022).
Bibliographies of people
Books about the Clinton administration
Books
Lists of books
Political bibliographies
Books |
4009925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choral%20Fantasy%20%28Beethoven%29 | Choral Fantasy (Beethoven) | The Fantasy for piano, vocal soloists, mixed chorus, and orchestra, Op. 80, usually called the Choral Fantasy, was composed in 1808 by then 38-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven.
Beethoven intended the Fantasy to serve as the concluding work for the benefit concert he put on for himself on 22 December 1808; the performers consisted of vocal soloists, mixed chorus, an orchestra, and Beethoven himself as piano soloist. The Fantasy was designed to include all the participants in the program and thus unites all of these musical forces.
The work is noted as a precursor to the later Ninth Symphony.
Background, composition, and premiere
The Fantasia was first performed at the Akademie of 22 December 1808, a benefit concert which also saw the premieres of the Fifth and Sixth Symphonies and the Fourth Piano Concerto as well as a performance of excerpts of the Mass in C major. To conclude this memorable concert program, Beethoven wanted a "brilliant finale" that would unite in a single piece the different musical elements highlighted in the concert night: piano solo, mixed chorus and orchestra. The Fantasia, Op. 80, written shortly before, was thus composed expressly to fulfil this role. Beethoven himself played the piano part and the opening solo offers an example of his improvisational style (at the premiere he did, in fact, improvise this section).
Beethoven wrote the piece during the second half of December 1808 in an unusually short time by his standards. He commissioned a poet—whose identity is disputed—to write the words shortly before the performance to fit the already written parts. According to Beethoven's pupil Carl Czerny, the poet was , but the later Beethoven scholar Gustav Nottebohm doubted this attribution and suggested it may have been Georg Friedrich Treitschke, who in 1814 prepared the final text of Beethoven's opera Fidelio.
The premiere performance seems to have been a rather troubled one; according to the composer's secretary, Anton Schindler, it "simply fell apart", a result most likely attributable to insufficient rehearsal time. Because of a mistake in the execution of the piece, it was stopped halfway through and restarted. In Ignaz von Seyfried's words:
The Choral Fantasy and the Ninth Symphony
The work includes a sequence of variations on a theme that is widely felt to be an early version of a far better known variation theme, namely the one to which Beethoven set the words of Friedrich Schiller's "Ode to Joy" in his Ninth Symphony. The two themes are compared below.
Michael Broyles has suggested another musical similarity: the two works share essentially the same harmonic sequence at their climactic moments, the chords (in C major) C–F–D–(G)–E, where the E stands out from its harmonic context and is performed fortissimo. The words sung at this point are (for the Choral Fantasy) "Lieb und Kraft" ("love and strength") and (for the Ninth Symphony) "Über'm Sternenzelt! Über Sternen muss er wohnen." ("Above the tent of the stars, above the stars he must dwell.")
There are also affinities in the texts. The theme of the Choral Fantasy text – universal fraternity with the meeting of arts – evokes similar feelings as the "Ode to Joy" text.
Beethoven himself acknowledged the kinship of the two works. In a letter of 1824, when he was writing the Ninth Symphony, he described his project as "a setting of the words of Schiller's immortal '' in the same way as my pianoforte fantasia with chorus, but on a far grander scale."
The Choral Fantasy theme is itself taken from an earlier work by Beethoven: it is a slightly modified version of the composer's "", a lied for high voice and piano written c. 1794–1795.
Form
The Choral Fantasy, which lasts about twenty minutes, is divided into two movements, played without a break:
The piece is scored for solo piano, mixed chorus, two soprano soloists, an alto soloist, two tenor soloists, a bass soloist, and an orchestra consisting of two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings.
The Fantasy opens with a slow but virtuosic 26-bar piano introduction, beginning in C minor and modulating through a variety of keys in florid, improvisatory fashion. At its midpoint it settles on the dominant of the dominant, G major, with an extended cadenza. The implied key is never confirmed and the music eventually returns to C minor in a stormy passage, which at the last moment turns once more toward the dominant seventh of G in a sweeping arpeggio. This concludes the opening section.
The main part of the piece, marked "Finale", begins with a march-like motive (Allegro) played by the cellos and basses, alternating with recitative-like interjections from the piano. The music eventually brightens into C major and the solo piano introduces the principal theme (meno allegro) discussed above. Variations on the theme are then played by gradually increasing contingents of instruments: a solo flute, two oboes, a trio of two clarinets and bassoon, and string quartet. A full orchestral version of the theme played at a forte dynamic leads to the re-entry of the piano and to what seems at first like a postlude to this variation set, but that once again turns toward the dominant. The music pauses with a cadenza on the dominant seventh for the solo piano.
There is an abrupt change of mood as the minor mode returns in a stormy Allegro molto. The alternating phrases for piano and orchestra are a disguised variation of the principal theme. In fact, the three sections that follow the first variation set form another, larger-scale set of variations. The allegro molto soon takes on a developmental quality with a series of modulations, the strings playing phrases of the theme accompanied by rapid broken chords on the solo piano. After another cadenza on an E major triad the second large variation (Adagio, ma non troppo) follows, a calm, flowing A-major section prominently featuring the clarinets. This ends with a call-and-response section between double reeds, horn, and piano, and leads without break into the key of F-major and the third variation on the main theme, Marcia (assai vivace). A reprise of the instrumental theme from the first Allegro forms the transition into the choral finale (Allegretto).
The first half of this is essentially a recapitulation of previously heard material at the beginning of the Finale with the addition of solo voices and chorus, another point of similarity with the finale of the Ninth Symphony. After a prolonged dominant pedal and arpeggios from the soloist the chorus, two solo sopranos sing the main theme, followed by a variation featuring a trio of men's voices. After these two variations the entire chorus is joined by the orchestra for the first time in a tutti rendition of the theme. The music gains excitement and eventually breaks into an accelerated coda (Presto) with all forces joining to bring the piece to a triumphant close.
Text
Schmeichelnd hold und lieblich klingen
unseres Lebens Harmonien,
und dem Schönheitssinn entschwingen
Blumen sich, die ewig blühn.
Fried und Freude gleiten freundlich
wie der Wellen Wechselspiel.
Was sich drängte rauh und feindlich,
ordnet sich zu Hochgefühl.
Wenn der Töne Zauber walten
und des Wortes Weihe spricht,
muss sich Herrliches gestalten,
Nacht und Stürme werden Licht.
Äuß're Ruhe, inn're Wonne
herrschen für den Glücklichen.
Doch der Künste Frühlingssonne
läßt aus beiden Licht entstehn.
Großes, das ins Herz gedrungen,
blüht dann neu und schön empor.
Hat ein Geist sich aufgeschwungen,
hallt ihm stets ein Geisterchor.
Nehmt denn hin, ihr schönen Seelen,
froh die Gaben schöner Kunst
Wenn sich Lieb und Kraft vermählen,
lohnt den Menschen Göttergunst.
Graceful, charming and sweet is the sound
Of our life's harmonies,
and from a sense of beauty arise
Flowers which eternally bloom.
Peace and joy advance in perfect concord,
like the changing play of the waves.
All that was harsh and hostile,
has turned into sublime delight.
When music's enchantment reigns,
speaking of the sacred word,
Magnificence takes form,
The night and the tempest turns to light:
Outer peace and inner bliss
Reign o'er the fortunate ones.
All art in the spring's sun
Lets light flow from both.
Greatness, once it has pierced the heart,
Then blooms anew in all its beauty.
Once one's being has taken flight,
A choir of spirits resounds in response.
Accept then, you beautiful souls,
Joyously the gifts of high art.
When love and strength are united,
Divine grace is bestowed upon Man.
The piece ends with repetition of phrases from the last four lines.
As noted above, the words were written in haste, and Beethoven was perhaps not entirely pleased with them. He later wrote to his publisher Breitkopf & Härtel:
You may wish to print another text, as the text like the music was written very quickly ... Still with another set of words I want the word kraft ["strength"] to be kept or one similar to it in its place.
As Kalischer et al. observe, the word Kraft "is treated with grand style in the music."
A new German text was written by a German poet and Communist politician Johannes R. Becher in 1951, keeping the word Kraft in the same position. Becher's text, inspired by Beethoven's explicit permission to change the lyrics, is an ode to peace that reflects the post-war atmosphere. Becher's lyrics were used in several recordings especially in East Germany, for example those of Franz Konwitschny or Herbert Kegel.
Notes
References
Albrecht, Theodore et al. (1996) Letters to Beethoven and Other Correspondence: 1824–1828. University of Nebraska Press.
Broyles, Michael (1987) Beethoven: The Emergence and Evolution of Beethoven's Heroic Style. Taylor and Francis.
, John South Shedlock, and Arthur Eaglefield Hull (1972) Beethoven's Letters. Courier Dover Publications.
Kinderman, William (1995) Beethoven. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
(1990) Beethoven: Lieder und Gesänge, Band II. Munich: G. Henle.
External links
Program notes from the Los Angeles Philharmonic (Herbert Glass)
Compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
Choral compositions
Compositions for piano, chorus and orchestra
1808 compositions
Beethoven
Compositions in C minor |
4009928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh%20Parallel%20Computing%20Centre | Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre | EPCC, formerly the Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre, is a supercomputing centre based at the University of Edinburgh. Since its foundation in 1990, its stated mission has been to accelerate the effective exploitation of novel computing throughout industry, academia and commerce.
The University has supported high performance computing (HPC) services since 1982. , through EPCC, it supports the UK's national high-end computing system, ARCHER (Advanced Research Computing High End Resource), and the UK Research Data Facility (UK-RDF).
Overview
EPCC's activities include: consultation and software development for industry and academia; research into high-performance computing; hosting advanced computing facilities and supporting their users; training and education .
The Centre offers two Masters programmes: MSc in High-Performance Computing and MSc in High-Performance Computing with Data Science .
It is a member of the Globus Alliance and, through its involvement with the OGSA-DAI project, it works with the Open Grid Forum DAIS-WG.
Around half of EPCC's annual turnover comes from collaborative projects with industry and commerce. In addition to privately funded projects with businesses, EPCC receives funding from Scottish Enterprise, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the European Commission.
History
EPCC was established in 1990, following on from the earlier Edinburgh Concurrent Supercomputer Project and chaired by Jeffery Collins from 1991. From 2002 to 2016 EPCC was part of the University's School of Physics & Astronomy, becoming an independent Centre of Excellence within the University's College of Science and Engineering in August 2016.
It was extensively involved in all aspects of Grid computing including: developing Grid middleware and architecture tools to facilitate the uptake of e-Science; developing business applications and collaborating in scientific applications and demonstration projects.
The Centre was a founder member of the UK's National e-Science Centre (NeSC), the hub of Grid and e-Science activity in the UK. EPCC and NeSC were both partners in OMII-UK, which offers consultancy and products to the UK e-Science community. EPCC was also a founder partner of the Numerical Algorithms and Intelligent Software Centre (NAIS).
EPCC has hosted a variety of supercomputers over the years, including several Meiko Computing Surfaces, a Thinking Machines CM-200 Connection Machine, and a number of Cray systems including a Cray T3D and T3E.
High-performance computing facilities
EPCC manages a collection of HPC systems including ARCHER (the UK's national high-end computing system) and a variety of smaller HPC systems. These systems are all available for industry use on a pay-per-use basis.
Current systems hosted by EPCC include:
ARCHER2: As of 2021, the ARCHER2 facility is based around a HPE Cray EX supercomputer that provides the central computational resource, with an estimated peaks performance of 28 Peta FLOPS. ARCHER 2 runs the HPE Cray Linux Environment, which is based on the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15.
Blue Gene/Q: As of 2013, this system consists of 6144 compute nodes housed in 6 frames. Each node comprises a 16 core Powerpc64 A2 processor, with 16GB memory per node, giving a total of 98,304 cores and a peak performance of 1.26 PetaFlops. It is part of the Distributed Research utilising Advanced Computing (DiRAC) consortium.
Recent systems hosted by EPCC include:
ARCHER: From 2014 to 2020, the EPCC hosted the ARCHER facility. ARCHER was a Cray XC30 supercomputer. It is supported by a number of additional components including: high-performance parallel filesystems, pre- and post-processing facilities, external login nodes, and UK-RDF, a large, resilient, long-term data facility. ARCHER ran the Cray Linux Environment (CLE), a Linux distribution based on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES). ARCHER was to be replaced in early 2020 but that was delayed by it being used for research on the COVID-19 pandemic. During May 2020 it was taken offline as a result of a security incident. The ARCHER service ended on 27th January 2021. During May 2020 it was taken offline as a result of a security incident.
HECToR: The 2010 system (Phase 2b, XT6) was the first production Cray XT6 24-core system in the world. It was contained in 20 cabinets and comprised a total of 464 compute blades. Each blade contained four compute nodes, each with two 12-core AMD Opteron 2.1 GHz Magny Cours processors. This amounted to a total of 44,544 cores. Each 12-core socket was coupled with a Cray SeaStar2 routing and communications chip. This was upgraded in late 2010 to the Cray Gemini interconnect. Each 12-core processor shared 16Gb of memory, giving a system total of 59.4 Tb. The theoretical peak performance of the phase 2b system was over 360 Tflops. HECToR was decommissioned in 2014.
HPCx: Launched in 2002, when it was ranked ninth-fastest system in the world. HPCx was an IBM eServer p5 575 cluster, located at Daresbury Laboratory. It latterly operated under the complementarity capability computing scheme, preferably hosting workload which can not easily be accommodated on the HECToR system. EPCC supported the HPCx and HECToR systems on behalf of the UK research councils, making them available to UK academics and industry.
Blue Gene : Launched in 2005, EPCC's Blue Gene/L was the first Blue Gene system available outside the United States. EPCC operated this 2048-compute core service for the University of Edinburgh.
QCDOC: One of the world's most powerful systems dedicated to the numerical investigation of quantum chromodynamics, which describes the interactions between quarks and gluons. It was developed in collaboration with a consortium of UK lattice physicists (UKQCD), Columbia University (NY), Riken Brookhaven National Laboratory and IBM.
Maxwell: Maxwell was an innovative, award-winning FPGA-based supercomputer built by the FPGA High Performance Computing Alliance (FHPCA). Maxwell comprised 32 blades housed in an IBM BladeCenter. Each blade comprised one Xeon processor and two FPGAs. The FPGAs were connected by a fast communication subsystem which enabled the total of 64 FPGAs to be connected together in an 8×8 toroidal mesh. The processors were connected together via a PCI bus.
See also
DEISA: Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications.
References
External links
EPCC
Projects at EPCC
Computational science
Computer science institutes in the United Kingdom
Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
Research institutes in Edinburgh
Supercomputer sites
University of Edinburgh |
4009941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Archdale | Betty Archdale | Helen Elizabeth Archdale (21 August 1907 – 1 January 2000) was an English-Australian sportswoman and educationalist. She was the inaugural Test captain of the England women's cricket team in 1934. A qualified barrister and Women's Royal Naval Service veteran, she moved to Australia in 1946 to become principal of The Women's College at the University of Sydney. She later served as headmistress of Abbotsleigh, a private girls' school in Sydney, and was an inaugural member of the Australian Council for the Arts.
Early life
Archdale was born in London, the daughter of Helen Archdale (née Russel), a suffragette who was at one time jailed for smashing windows at Whitehall, and was later renowned as a leading British feminist. Her father was an Irish professional soldier in the British Army, who died in World War I when Archdale was eleven. Her godmother was Emmeline Pankhurst. Archdale attended Bedales School in Hampshire where she learned to play cricket and, thence, to St Leonards School in St Andrews, Fife.
Cricket
Archdale played as a right-handed batter and appeared in five Test matches for England between 1934 and 1937. She was the first captain of England, leading the team on their first tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1934/35. She played domestic cricket for various regional teams, as well as Kent.
Career
After school, Archdale attended McGill University in Montreal, graduating in 1929 with a BA in economics and political science. She studied law in London. Specialising in international law, she conducted part of her studies in the Soviet Union. In 1938, she was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn.
During World War II, she served in the WRNS as a wireless operator in Singapore, arriving in July 1941 at the head of a group of forty Wrens trained in wireless telegraphy. She was awarded an Order of the British Empire for helping nurses escape from the conflict.
Having moved to Australia, in 1946 she was appointed principal of Sydney University's "Women's College", a post she held for 10 years. Archdale was a member of the University Senate for 25 years, and a television and radio personality throughout the 1960s.
Archdale was headmistress of the private girls school Abbotsleigh in Wahroonga, Sydney for 12 years from 1958. She was credited with breaking down the rigid system of discipline at the school, introducing sex education, and abandoning gloves and hats as part of the school uniform. She also reformed the curriculum, introducing physics and cutting back on British, in favour of Australian, history. The Assembly Hall (1963) and Chapel (1965) both date from that time. She lived on an estate in Galston, Sydney, with her brother Alexander Archdale, an actor.
In June 1968, Archdale was named as an inaugural member of the Australian Council for the Arts.
Honours and legacy
In 1997, she was listed as a National Living Treasure. In March 1999, Archdale was one of the first ten women to be granted Honorary Life Membership of Marylebone Cricket Club in England. She died on 1 January 2000 at the age of 92, in Sydney.
The Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools "Archdale Debating" competition, involving Sydney's private and Catholic girls' schools, is named in her honour.
References
Further reading
External links
1907 births
2000 deaths
Australian headmistresses
England women Test cricketers
Kent women cricketers
McGill University alumni
People educated at Bedales School
People educated at St Leonards School
Cricketers from Greater London
Members of Gray's Inn
British emigrants to Australia
English people of Irish descent
University of Sydney people
English people of Scottish descent
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian people of Scottish descent |
4009951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrimut%20%28Indigenous%20Australian%29 | Derrimut (Indigenous Australian) | Derrimut (or Derremart or Terrimoot) ( – 20 April 1864), was a headman or arweet of the Boonwurrung (Bunurong) people from the Melbourne area of Australia.
He informed the early European settlers in October 1835 of an impending attack by "up-country tribes". The colonists armed themselves, and the attack was averted. Benbow from the Bunurong and Billibellary, from the Wurundjeri, also acted to protect the colonists in what is perceived as part of their duty of hospitality.
He fought in the late 1850s and early 1860s to protect Boonwurrung rights to live on their land at Mordialloc Reserve. When the reserve was closed in July 1863, his people were forced to unite with the remnants of Woiwurrung and other Victorian Aboriginal communities to settle Coranderrk Mission station, near Healesville.
Derrimut became very disillusioned and died at the Melbourne Benevolent Asylum at the age of about 54 years in 1864. In his honour, over his body, interred in the Melbourne General Cemetery according to European rather than Aboriginal rites, a tombstone was erected.
Text of the tombstone:
"This stone was erected by a few colonists
To commemorate the noble act of the native Chief Derrimut who by timely information given October 1835 to the first colonists
Messrs Fawkner, Lancey, Evans, Henry Batman and their saved them from massacre, planned by some of the up-country tribes of Aborigines.
Derrimut closed his mortal career in the Benevolent Asylum,
May 28th 1864 ; aged about 54 Years"
The Melbourne suburb of Derrimut is named after him.
References
Further reading
Lack, John. 1991, 'Traditional Koori Society/The Destruction of Koori Society' in A History of Footscray, Hargreen Publishing Company, North Melbourne, Victoria
Presland, Gary. 1994, The Land of the Kulin: Discovering the lost landscape and the first people of Port Phillip, McPhee Gribble, Penguin Books, Australia.
Presland, Gary. 1997, The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region, Revised Edition, Harriland Press, Forest Hill, Victoria.
Priestley, Susan. 1988, Clans of the Kulin in Altona A Long View, Hargreen Publishing Company, North Melbourne, Victoria.
Walsh, Larry. 1996, STILL HERE: A brief history of Aborigines in Melbourne's western region up to the present day, Melbourne's Living Museum of the
1810s births
1864 deaths
Indigenous Australian people
Year of birth missing
People associated with massacres of Indigenous Australians
Burials at Melbourne General Cemetery |
4009956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday%20%28disambiguation%29 | Birthday (disambiguation) | A birthday is an annual celebration of the date on which a person was born.
Birthday(s), The Birthday, or B-day may also refer to:
Film and television
Birthday (1977 film), an Azerbaijani film
Birthday (2019 film), a South Korean film
Television episodes
"Birth Day" (The Handmaid's Tale)
"Birthday" (Angel)
"Birthday" (Care Bears)
"Birthday" (New Girl)
"The Birthday" (Dynasty 1984)
"The Birthday" (Dynasty 1987)
"The Birthday" (Joe 90)
"The Birthday" (The Vampire Diaries)
Literature
The Birthday (short story collection) , a 1999 collection of Japanese-language Ring-series stories by Koji Suzuki
"A Birthday", a 1995 science fiction short story by Esther Friesner
The Birth-day, an 1836 autobiographical poem by Caroline Bowles Southey
Music
The Birthday (band), a Japanese garage rock band
Albums
Birthday (The Association album), 1968
Birthday (ClariS album), 2012
Birthday (Gentouki album), 2016
Birthday (The Peddlers album), 1969
Birthday (The Crüxshadows EP) or the title song, 2007
Birthday, an EP by Infected Mushroom, 2002
Birthdays (album), by Keaton Henson, 2013
B'Day, by Beyoncé, 2006
B-Day, by Tankard, 2002
Birth Day, by New Birth, 1972
Songs
"Birthday" (Anne-Marie song), 2020
"Birthday" (Beatles song), 1968
"Birthday" (Disclosure, Kehlani and Syd song), 2020
"Birthday" (Jeon Somi song), 2019
"Birthday" (K. Michelle song), 2017
"Birthday" (Katy Perry song), 2014
"Birthday" (Namie Amuro song), 2014
"Birthday" (Selena Gomez song), 2013
"Birthday" (The Sugarcubes song), 1987
"Birthday" (Taproot song), 2005
"Birthday" (Will.i.am song), 2014
"Birthday", by Fetty Wap and Monty, 2019
"Birthday", by Blur from Leisure, 1991
"Birthday", by Meredith Brooks from Blurring the Edges, 1997
"Birthday", by Destiny's Child from Destiny's Child, 1998
"Birthday", by Flo Rida, 2007
"Birthday", by JP Cooper from Fifty Shades Darker: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, 2017
"Birthday", by Junior Boys, 2003
"Birthday", by Migos from Culture III, 2021
"Birthday", by Peakboy from 05/27, 2018
"Birthday", by the Prom Kings, 2005
"Birthday", by Twista from Category F5, 2009
"Birthday", by Usher and Zaytoven from A, 2018
"Birthdays", by The Smith Street Band from More Scared of You Than You Are of Me, 2017
"Birth-day (Love Made Real)", by Suzanne Vega from Nine Objects of Desire, 1996
"Birthday Song", by Helen Reddy from No Way to Treat a Lady, 1975
"B-Day", by IKon from New Kids: Begin, 2017
"B-Day Song", by Madonna from the deluxe edition of MDNA, 2012
Other uses
Birthday (company), a Japanese video game developer
Birthdays (retailer), a defunct British greeting cards retailer
Birthday (patience), a solitaire card game
The Birthday, a 1915 painting by Marc Chagall
See also
Birthday Party (disambiguation)
Birthday Song (disambiguation)
Happy Birthday (disambiguation)
It's My Birthday (disambiguation) |
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