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5381882
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot%20in%20Mouth%20Disease
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Foot in Mouth Disease
|
Foot In Mouth Disease is the fourth studio album by Canadian punk rock band Gob, released on April 1, 2003 in Canada by Nettwerk, internationally by Arista Records, and in Japan by BMG. Four singles were released from the album: "Give Up the Grudge", "Oh! Ellin", "Ming Tran" (which previously appeared on the F.U. EP), and "This Evil World".
Three of the album's tracks have been featured in many Electronic Arts video games. The album's second track "I've Been Up These Steps" was in NHL 2003, "Oh! Ellin" was in NHL 2004, and "Give Up the Grudge" was in Madden NFL 2004 and the 2003 film American Wedding.
It is the band’s final album with longtime bassist Craig Wood, as he left the band in 2004.
The song "Ming Tran" was featured in the Being Ian episode, "Band 'o' Bruthaz", which features Gob as guest stars.
Track listing
"Lemon-Aid" – 2:45
"I've Been Up These Steps" – 2:48
"Oh! Ellin" – 3:59
"I Cut Myself, Too" – 3:13
"Fed Up" – 4:18
"Ming Tran" – 2:34
"When Life Gets Boring..." – 3:06
"Give Up the Grudge" – 2:57
"Bones" – 2:12
"This Evil World" - 3:22
"I Hear You Calling" (American Edition Only) – 3:10
"Bully" – 3:31
"Cold Feet" – 2:48
"Everybody's Getting Hooked Up" – 3:23
Japanese bonus tracks
"My New Favorite Shoplifter" – 3:00
"Heavy Metal Shuffle" (Kick Axe Cover) – 2:55
Bonus DVD
Audio Tracks
What To Do
Beauville
L.A. Song
For The Moment
Sick With You
No Regrets
On These Days...
Soda
Marching Song
Marching Song (Pointed Sticks)
Custers Last 1 Nite Stand (live)
Heavy Metal Shuffle
Self Appointed Leader
Videos from The World According to Gob
I Hear You Calling
For The Moment
No Regrets
Band
Theo Goutzinakis - Backing vocals (lead vocals on "Bully"), guitar
Tom Thacker - Lead vocals (backing vocals on "Bully"), guitar
Craig Wood - Bass, vocals
Gabe Mantle - Drums, vocals
References
2003 albums
Gob (band) albums
Arista Records albums
Albums produced by Mark Trombino
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5381884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba%20Deep%20Singh
|
Baba Deep Singh
|
Baba Deep Singh (26 January 1682 – 13 November 1757) is revered among Sikhs as one of the most hallowed martyrs in Sikhism. He is remembered for his sacrifice and devotion to the teachings of the Sikh Gurus. Baba Deep Singh was the first head of Misl Shaheedan Tarna Dal – an order of the Khalsa military established by Nawab Kapur Singh, the then head of Sharomani Panth Akali Buddha Dal. The Damdami Taksal also state that he was the first head of their order.
Early life
Baba Deep Singh Ji was born on 26 January 1682 to his father Bhagta, and his mother Jioni. He lived in the village of Pahuwind in Amritsar district. He was born into a Sandhu Jat Sikh family.
He went to Anandpur Sahib on the day of Vaisakhi in 1700, where he was baptised into Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh Ji, through the Khande di Pahul or Amrit Sanchar (ceremonial initiation into Khalsa). As a youth, he spent considerable time in close companionship of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, learning weaponry, riding and other martial skills. From Bhai Mani Singh, he learnt reading and writing Gurmukhi and the interpretation of the Gurus' words. After spending two years at Anandpur, he returned to his village in 1702, before he was summoned by Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Talwandi Sabo in 1705, where he helped Bhai Mani Singh Ji in making copies of the scripture Guru Granth Sahib.
Warrior
Misldar
In 1709, Baba Deep Singh joined Banda Singh Bahadur during the Battle of Sadhaura and the Battle of Chappar Chiri. In 1733, Nawab Kapur Singh appointed him a leader of an armed squad (jatha). On the Vaisakhi of 1748, at the meeting of the Sarbat Khalsa in Amritsar, the 65 jathas of the Dal Khalsa were reorganized into twelve Misls. Baba Deep Singh was entrusted with the leadership of the Shaheed Misl.
The Demolition of the Harmandir Sahib
In April 1757, Ahmad Shah Durrani raided Northern India for the fourth time. While he was on his way back to Kabul from Delhi with young men and women as captives, the Sikhs made a plan to relieve him of the valuables and free the captives. The squad of Baba Deep Singh was deployed near Kurukshetra. His squad freed a large number of prisoners and raided Durrani's considerable treasury. On his arrival in Lahore, Durrani, embittered by his loss, ordered the demolition of the Harmandir Sahib (the "Golden Gurudwara"). The shrine was blown up and the sacred pool filled with the entrails of slaughtered animals. Durrani assigned the Punjab region to his son, Prince Timur Shah, and left him a force of ten thousand men under General Jahan Khan.
Baba Deep Singh, 75 years old, felt that it was up to him to atone for the sin of having let the Afghans desecrate the shrine. He emerged from scholastic retirement and declared to a congregation at Damdama Sahib that he intended to rebuild the temple. Five hundred men came forward to go with him. Baba Deep Singh offered prayers before starting for Amritsar: "May my head fall at the Darbar Sahib." As he went from hamlet to hamlet, many villagers joined him. By the time baba Deep Singh reached Tarn Taran Sahib, ten miles from Amritsar, over five thousand Sikhs armed with hatchets, swords, and spears accompanied him.
Death
Baba Deep Singh had vowed to avenge the desecration of the Golden Temple by the Afghan army. In 1757, he led an army to defend the Golden Temple. The Sikhs and the Afghans clashed in the Battle of Amritsar on 13 November 1757, and in the ensuing conflict Baba Deep Singh was decapitated.
There are two accounts of Baba Deep Singh's death. According to one popular version, Baba Deep Singh continued to fight after having been completely decapitated, slaying his enemies with his head in one hand and his sword in the other. In this version, only upon reaching the sacred city of Amritsar did he stop and finally die. According to the second version, he was mortally wounded with a blow to the neck, but not completely decapitated. After receiving this blow, a Sikh reminded Baba Deep Singh, "You had resolved to reach the periphery of the pool." On hearing the talk of the Sikh, he held his head with his left hand and removing the enemies from his way with the strokes of his Khanda "with his right hand, reached the periphery of Harmandir Sahib where he breathed his last. The Singhs celebrated the Bandhi-Sor Divas of 1757 A.D. in Harmandir Sahib".
The Sikhs recovered their prestige by defeating the Afghan army and the latter were forced to flee.
The spot where Baba Deep Singh's head fell is marked in the Golden Temple complex, and Sikhs from around the world pay their respects there. Baba Deep Singh's Khanda (double-edged sword), which he used in his final battle, is still preserved at Akal Takht, first of the five centers of temporal Sikh authority.
In popular culture
Anokhe Amar Shaheed Baba Deep Singh Ji, an Indian historical biographical film by Jaswinder Chahal was released in 2006.
References
Further reading
External links
History of Punjab
Sikh Empire
Indian Sikhs
Sikh martyrs
Sikh warriors
Military personnel from Amritsar
1757 deaths
1682 births
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3990125
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki%20Webster%20discography
|
Nikki Webster discography
|
Nikki Webster is an Australian pop singer. She has released three studio albums, one compilation album and nine singles, in addition to ten music videos on record labels Gotham Records and Piller Records.
Webster rose to prominence after performing at the opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics. Her debut studio album, Follow Your Heart, was released in 2001. The album peaked at on the Australian Top 100 Albums Chart and received platinum certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The lead single "Strawberry Kisses" peaked at on the Australian Top 100 Singles Chart and received platinum certification. The album's subsequent singles "Depend on Me" and "The Best Days" reached and , respectively. The following year, Webster released her second studio album, Bliss. The album peaked at and received gold certification. The lead single "Something More Beautiful" reached and received gold certification. Webster released her third studio album, Let's Dance, in 2004. The album failed to achieve the commercial success of her previous albums, peaking at . The lead single "Dancing in the Street" reached . Later that year, she released a compilation album, The Best of Nikki Webster. The album peaked at . As of February 2008, Webster is working on her fourth studio album. The lead single "Devilicious" reached .
Albums
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Singles
Music videos
References
General
Specific
Pop music discographies
Discographies of Australian artists
|
3990133
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensate%20pump
|
Condensate pump
|
A condensate pump is a specific type of pump used to pump the condensate (water) produced in an HVAC (heating or cooling), refrigeration, condensing boiler furnace, or steam system.
Applications
Condensate pumps may be used to pump the condensate produced from latent water vapor in any of the following gas mixtures:
Conditioned (cooled or heated) building air
Refrigerated air in cooling and freezing systems
Steam in heat exchangers and radiators
The exhaust stream of very-high-efficiency furnaces
Condensate recovery systems help reduce three tangible costs of producing steam:
Fuel/energy costs
Boiler water make-up and sewage treatment
Boiler water chemical treatment
Construction and operation
Condensate pumps are used in hydronic systems that cannot discharge excess condensate water via a gravity feed. Condensate pumps are usually electrically powered centrifugal pumps. They are used to remove condensate water from HVAC systems that cannot be accomplished via gravity, and therefore the water must be pumped up. Home units are often small and the pumps are rated at a fraction of a horsepower, but in commercial applications, the pumps and motors are much higher. Large industrial pumps may also serve as the feedwater pump for returning the condensate under pressure to a boiler.
Condensate pumps usually run intermittently and have a tank in which condensate can accumulate. Eventually, the accumulating liquid raises a float switch energizing the pump. The pump then runs until the level of liquid in the tank is substantially lowered. Some pumps contain a two-stage switch. As liquid rises to the trigger point of the first stage, the pump is activated. If the liquid continues to rise (perhaps because the pump has failed or its discharge is blocked), the second stage will be triggered. This stage may switch off the HVAC equipment (preventing the production of further condensate), trigger an alarm, or both.
Some systems may include two pumps to empty the tank. In this case, the two pumps often alternate operation, and a two-stage switch serves to energize the on-duty pump at the first stage and then energize the remaining pump at the second stage. This second stage action is in addition to any triggering of other system changes as noted for a single pump installation. In this way pump runtime is shared between the two, and a backup pump is provided in case one pump fails to function.
Small pumps have tanks that range from 2 to 4 liters (0.5 to 1 gallon) and are usually supported using the flanges on their tanks or simply placed upon the floor. A plastic impeller in a molded volute at the bottom of the pump provides the pumping action; this impeller is connected to the motor via a metal shaft that extends downwards from the motor mounted above the tank's top. Large pumps are usually pad-mounted drawing liquid from a tank (sump) below the floor. The smallest pumps may have no tank at all and are simply placed within a container such as the drip pan of a dehumidifier appliance.
In most locales, condensate water must be pumped to the outside of the dwelling; generally feeding condensate water into sewer pipes is not permitted. Further, this would require a trap, to ensure sewer gas does not backfeed into a dwelling.
Steam condensate
In industrial steam systems the condensate pump is used to collect and return condensate from remote areas of the plant. The steam produced in the boiler can heat equipment and processes a considerable distance away. Once steam is used it turns to hot water or condensate. This pump and possibly many more around the plant returns this hot water back to a make-up tank closer to the boiler, where it can be reclaimed, chemically treated, and reused, in the boiler, consequently it can sometimes be referred to as a condensate return pump.
In a steam power plant, particularly shipboard ones, the condensate pump is normally located adjacent to the main condenser hotwell often directly below it. This pump sends the water to a make-up tank closer to the steam generator or boiler. If the tank is also designed to remove dissolved oxygen from the condensate, it is known as a deaereating feed tank (DFT). The output of the DFT supplies the feed booster pump which, in turn, supplies the feedwater pump which returns the feedwater to the boiler so the cycle can start over. Two pumps in succession are used to provide sufficient net positive suction head to prevent cavitation and the subsequent damage associated with it.
This pump is usually associated with a much larger tank, float switch, and an electric motor than the example above. Some systems are so remote that steam power is used to return the condensate where electricity is impractical to provide.
Disposal
The output of small condensate pumps is usually routed to a sewer, plumbing drain, or the outside world via PVCl plastic tubing (condensate drain line). Note, in some locales condensate water is not permitted to enter a sewer system and must be directed to the outside of the house usually into the leader/gutter downspout system.
If the outlet of the line is at a higher level than the tank of the pump, a check valve is often fitted at the outlet of the pump so that liquid cannot flow backwards into the pump's tank. If the outlet is below the tank level, siphonage usually naturally clears the output line of all liquid when the pump is deenergized. In cold regions of the world, it is important that condensate lines that are exhausted outside be carefully designed so that no water can remain in the line to freeze up; this would block the line from further operation.
Condensate water is distilled water but often contains chemicals. If it is being condensed from an air stream, it may have dust, microbes, or other contaminants in it. If it is condensed from steam, it may have traces of the various boiler water treatment chemicals. And if it is condensed from furnace exhaust gases, it may be acidic, containing sulfuric acid or nitric acid as a result of sulfur and nitrogen dioxides in the exhaust gas stream. Steam and exhaust condensate is usually hot. These various factors may combine (along with local regulations) to require careful handling or even chemical treatment of the condensate, and condensate pumps used for these services must be appropriately designed.
Safety
Condensate pumps have been involved in industrial accidents. In one case, a 2,600 gallon per minute steam condensate pump exploded when it was operated with its suction and discharge valves closed. The force of the explosion was such that it propelled a 5 pound (2.2 kg) piece of metal casing over 400 ft. (122 m) away from the site of the explosion.
See also
Drain
Drain pan
External links
Types of Condensate Recovery
Understanding and Solving Equipment Stall
Cleaning Your AC Condensate Pan and Drain Line
InspectAPedia, Air Conditioning condensate drains & pumps
References
Pumps
Steam power
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5381892
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WildCat%20%28Cedar%20Point%29
|
WildCat (Cedar Point)
|
WildCat was a steel roller coaster located at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. Designed by Werner Stengel and manufactured by Anton Schwarzkopf, the ride opened to the public in 1979. Cedar Point made the decision in 2012 to remove WildCat to allow for expansion of the Celebration Plaza, also citing that the coaster had reached the end of its service life. It was dismantled and scrapped.
History
WildCat opened at Cedar Point in 1979. It was the 65m variant of the Schwarzkopf Wildcat model where small cars (each holding four passengers) take many tight turns and small hills that produce negative g-forces as well as strong lateral forces. Riders were required to be at least 48" tall and be able to climb down vertical ladders in the case of an emergency evacuation. Riders were secured by a seatbelt and lap bar. At the end of the ride, riders were given a visual signal by the operator to extend their arms and hold on, as the train stops extremely quickly. It was the second Cedar Point ride to use the WildCat name following the 1970 installation, Wildcat, which was an identical 65m Schwarzkopf Wildcat.
WildCat is the only roller coaster in Cedar Point that has been relocated since being built. WildCat had been in two previous places before settling in its final location, across from Iron Dragon. WildCat gave more than 25 million rides since its debut. Although this figure-8 designed coaster was a park favorite, ridership declined over the years from over 500,000 riders in 1996 down to 300,000 riders in 2008.
On May 2, 2012, Cedar Point announced the permanent removal and dismantling of the WildCat roller coaster prior to the opening of the 2012 season for the expansion of Celebration Plaza. WildCat was demolished and scrapped before the season started.
Incidents
On May 16, 2008 during the opening weeks of the season, WildCat suffered a "roll back". A car traveling up the lift hill did not make it all the way up and rolled back down, hitting another car. This incident injured nine guests, of which eight were treated at the first aid station in the park, and one was treated and released at Firelands Memorial Hospital. Due to this accident, the ride was closed for a month. It reopened late June 2008 after a section of track was replaced.
In the evening of June 5, 2011, two cars of WildCat collided, injuring seven people, none seriously. Three people were taken to Firelands Regional Medical Center as a precaution and four were released from the first aid station without further treatment. The crash was classified as an "incident" by the US Department of Agriculture.
See also
2011 in amusement parks
References
External links
WildCat Photo Gallery
Cedar Point
Roller coasters operated by Cedar Fair
Former roller coasters in Ohio
1979 establishments in Ohio
2011 disestablishments in Ohio
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5381902
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20Union%20%E2%80%93%20New%20Forces
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Centre Union – New Forces
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Centre Union – New Forces (EK-ND, Greek: Ένωσις Κέντρου-Νέες Δυνάμεις (Ε.Κ. – Ν.Δ.), Enosi Kentrou-Nees Dynameis) was the continuation of the Centre Union party of George Papandreou after the military junta. It was the merger of a Centre Union fraction led by Georgios Mavros and the Movement of New Political Forces (KNPD).
History
In the elections of 1974, the party became the second largest of the country, after the conservative New Democracy. It obtained about 20% of the vote and 60 seats in the Hellenic Parliament. On February 5, 1976, the Centre Union – New Forces merged into the Union of the Democratic Centre led by veteran centrist politician George Zigdis.
Their program for the elections of 1974 did not differ significantly from that of New Democracy; it included slogans concerning "participatory democracy", "checks imposed on capital (Greek or foreign) by the people", and so on. With the death of the old centrist leader George Papandreou in 1968, who achieved massive support for his centre party Center Union before the coup, and the creation by Andreas Papandreou of socialist PASOK, the old center had lost its appeal to both new and old voters. Also, the abolition of the Greek monarchy in 1974, through a referendum proclaimed by Constantine Karamanlis, deprived the anti-royalist center parties of a popular cause and an issue which had defined their identity.
Political parties established in 1974
Liberal parties in Greece
Defunct liberal political parties
Centrist parties in Greece
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5381904
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipson%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Lipson (disambiguation)
|
Lipson is a ward in the city of Plymouth, England.
Lipson may also refer to:
Lipson, South Australia, a locality
Lipson Cove, a bay in South Australia
Lipson Island, an island in South Australia
Lipson Island Conservation Park, a protected area in South Australia
People with the surname
D. Herbert Lipson, American magazine publisher
Ephraim Lipson (1888–1960), British economic historian
Henry Lipson (1910–1991), British physicist
Hod Lipson, American robotics researcher
Stephen Lipson, music producer and guitarist
Thomas Lipson (ca.1784-1863), Royal Navy officer and South Australian government official
See also
Lipton (surname)
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3990139
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hayes%20%28rugby%20union%29
|
John Hayes (rugby union)
|
John Hayes (born 2 November 1973) is a retired Irish rugby union player who played in the Pro12 and Heineken Cup for Munster. He didn't start playing rugby until he was 18; prior to this he played with the local Cappamore GAA club. It was his size (6 ft 4 in, 19 stone) that enabled him to overcome his late start to the sport. He continues to "follow GAA in Limerick very much and especially hurling".
He first played rugby as a wing forward in a Munster Junior League match for Bruff against Newcastle West R.F.C.
Biography
Hayes was introduced to the game of rugby union by friends when he joined the local Rugby Club, Bruff R.F.C. based in County Limerick. He then moved up a grade when he joined Shannon R.F.C. before travelling to Invercargill, New Zealand. During his stay in Invercargill, he changed position from Second Row to Prop Forward because he had "bulked up". On his return, he rejoined Shannon R.F.C. and gained his place on the Munster squad. He later rejoined his original club, Bruff RFC, when they joined the AIL as a senior club in 2004.
In September 2012, he released his autobiography The Bull: My Story, which details his sporting life. On 5 October 2012, he appeared as a guest on the Late Late Show alongside his wife to talk about his career.
Munster
In 2006, he helped Munster win the Heineken European Cup in Cardiff's Millennium Stadium on 21 May against Biarritz. Earlier that year, he had helped Ireland secure the Triple Crown.
In 2008, he again helped Munster win the Heineken European Cup in Cardiff's Millennium Stadium on 24 May against Toulouse.
He became the fifth Munster player to win 200 caps in the Magners League semi-final against Ospreys on 14 May 2011. In July 2011, Hayes was left out the 45-man Munster squad for the forthcoming season fuelling speculation that he may retire after the 2011 Rugby World Cup.
Despite the speculation that Hayes would retire, he came off the bench for Munster in their opening Pro12 match against Newport Gwent Dragons in September 2011. Hayes was contracted with Munster until the end of 2011.
Hayes became the first person to play 100 Heineken Cup games in November 2011 when he came on against Northampton Saints in the 2011–12 Heineken Cup.
It was announced that Hayes would retire after Munster's Pro12 fixture against Connacht on 26 December 2011. He was selected to start his final match, and was substituted in the 58th minute, going off the pitch to a huge standing ovation from the crowd. Munster won the match 24–9.
Ireland
Hayes won his first International cap against Scotland in 2000 and was Ireland's first-choice tighthead prop from then until the beginning of the 2010–11 season when he was replaced by Leinster's inform Mike Ross. He was a member of the British & Irish Lions squad in their tour to New Zealand in 2005 and played in the warm up test match vs Argentina.
Hayes became Ireland's most capped player during Ireland's first Grand Slam in 61 years in 2009 with 94 appearances.
He earned his 100th cap for Ireland against England on 27 February 2010. He was the first Irish player to do so. Hayes lead Ireland out onto the pitch before the game to a standing ovation from the Twickenham crowd. Ireland went on to win the game 20–16 with a late try by Tommy Bowe. Hayes did not play against the Barbarians in Ireland's first match of the Summer Tests, and missed the Test against New Zealand through illness. He came on as a replacement against New Zealand Maori but was left out of the squad to play Australia, thereby losing his title of Ireland's most capped player to Brian O'Driscoll.
He was selected in Ireland's training squad for the 2011 Rugby World Cup warm-ups in August, and came off the bench in Ireland's first warm-up against Scotland. This turned out to be his last appearance for Ireland, as Hayes was not selected in Ireland's final 30-man squad for the tournament in New Zealand and he retired in December 2011.
2009 Lions Tour
On 18 June 2009, Hayes was called up to the British & Irish Lions squad in South Africa as a replacement for the injured Euan Murray. He played in the final test match of the tour.
Statistics
International analysis by opposition
Correct as of 5 July 2017
* indicates inclusion of caps for British & Irish Lions
Honours
Munster
United Rugby Championship:
Winner (3): 2002–03, 2008–09, 2010–11
Celtic Cup:
Winner (1): 2004–05
European Rugby Champions Cup:
Winner (2): 2005–06, 2007–08
Ireland
Six Nations Championship:
Winner (1): 2009
Grand Slam:
Winner (1): 2009
Triple Crown:
Winner (4): 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009
References
External links
Munster Profile
Ireland Profile
British & Irish Lions Profile
Pro14 Profile
1973 births
Living people
Rugby union players from County Limerick
Irish rugby union players
Shannon RFC players
Munster Rugby players
Ireland international rugby union players
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Ireland
Rugby union props
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5381912
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupleridae
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Eupleridae
|
Eupleridae is a family of carnivorans endemic to Madagascar and comprising 10 known living species in seven genera, commonly known as euplerids, Malagasy mongooses or Malagasy carnivorans. The best known species is the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox), in the subfamily Euplerinae. All species of Euplerinae were formerly classified as viverrids, while all species in the subfamily Galidiinae were classified as herpestids.
Recent molecular studies indicate that the 10 living species of Madagascar carnivorans evolved from one ancestor that is thought to have rafted over from mainland Africa 18–24 million years ago. This makes Malagasy carnivorans a clade. They are closely allied with the true herpestid mongooses, their closest living relatives. The fossa and the Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana) are each evolutionarily quite distinct from each other and from the rest of the clade.
All Eupleridae are considered threatened species due to habitat destruction, as well as predation and competition from non-native species.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Historically, the relationships of the Madagascar carnivorans have been contentious, but molecular evidence suggests that they form a single clade, now recognized as the family Eupleridae. The hyena family, Hyaenidae, is a sister taxon of the euplerid and herpestid clade, and when grouped together with the viverrids and felids, as well as some smaller groups, forms the feliform (cat-like carnivores) clade.
The evolutionary divergence between the herpestids and the euplerids dates back to the Oligocene. At that time, feliforms shared many similarities, particularly between the cats and the viverrids. Palaeoprionodon (within the clade Aeluroidea), found in Europe and Asia from the late Eocene or early Oligocene, looked similar to the modern fossa, while Proailurus, an extinct form of cat, exhibited many viverrid-like characteristics. Despite these similarities in the fossil record, the modern Malagasy carnivores are distinctly different, with the Euplerinae and Galidiinae subfamilies bearing similarities with civets and mongooses, respectively. Species in Euplerinae (including the fossa, falanouc, and Malagasy civet) have auditory regions similar to those of viverrids, while those in Galidiinae have auditory regions similar to those of herpestids. Based on this trait, Robert M. Hunt Jr. proposed in 1996 that Madagascar was colonized twice, once by viverrids and once by herpestids. However, the genetic studies by Yoder and colleagues in 2003 suggested that a single colonization event occurred by a primitive herpestid ancestor, which was quickly followed by adaptive radiation. The common ancestor arrived from Africa, probably by rafting, during the late Oligocene or early Miocene (24–18 Mya), though Philippe Gaubert and Veron estimated a divergence date of 19.4 Mya (16.5–22.7 Mya).
Classification
Phylogenetic tree
The phylogenetic relationships of Malagasy carnivorans (Eupleridae) are shown in the following cladogram:
See also
List of mammals of Madagascar
References
External links
Mammal families
Extant Chattian first appearances
Taxa named by Jean-Charles Chenu
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3990141
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Law%20and%20the%20Lady%20%28novel%29
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The Law and the Lady (novel)
|
The Law and the Lady is a detective story, published in 1875 by Wilkie Collins. It is not quite as sensational in style as The Moonstone and The Woman in White.
Plot summary
Valeria Brinton marries Eustace Woodville despite objections from Woodville's family; this decision worries Valeria's family and friends.
Just a few days after the wedding, various incidents lead Valeria to suspect her husband of hiding a dark secret in his past. She discovers that he has been using a false name, "Woodville", when his true surname is "Macallan". Eustace refuses to discuss it, leading them to curtail their honeymoon and return to London where Valeria learns
that he was on trial for his first wife's murder by arsenic. He was tried in a Scottish court and the verdict was 'not proven' rather than 'not guilty'. This implies that though Eustace is guilty, the jury did not have enough proof to convict him.
Valeria sets out to save their happiness by proving her husband innocent of the crime. In her quest, she comes across the disabled character Miserrimus Dexter, a fascinating but mentally unstable genius, and Dexter's devoted female cousin, Ariel. Dexter will prove crucial to uncovering the disturbing truth behind the mysterious death.
References
Michael Diamond, Victorian Sensation (London: Anthem, 2003) p. 215–216
External links
1875 British novels
Novels by Wilkie Collins
British mystery novels
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5381942
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima%20Peru%20Temple
|
Lima Peru Temple
|
The Lima Peru Temple is the 38th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
History
Due to growth in Peru, church leaders announced in 1981 that a temple would be built in the city of Lima. The six-spired Lima Peru Temple was constructed on of undeveloped area. Gordon B. Hinckley, then a counselor in the church's First Presidency, dedicated the Lima Peru temple on January 10, 1986.
The Lima Peru Temple serves more than four hundred thousand Latter-day Saints in the country. The temple has a total floor area of , four ordinance rooms, and three sealing rooms.
On April 3, 2016, church president Thomas S. Monson announced the intent to construct a second temple in the city. This temple will be called the Lima Peru Los Olivos Temple. Upon completion of this second temple, Lima will be the third city (and first outside of Utah) to have more than one temple, following the Utah cities of South Jordan and Provo.
In 2020, the Lima Peru Temple was closed temporarily during the year in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
See also
Dean L. Larsen, a former temple president
Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region
Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Peru
Pachacamac, ancient temple site southeast of Lima
References
External links
Lima Peru Temple Official site
Lima Peru Temple at ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org
20th-century Latter Day Saint temples
Buildings and structures in Lima
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1986
Temples (LDS Church) in Peru
1986 establishments in Peru
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3990149
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville%20Grass
|
Nashville Grass
|
The Nashville Grass was a bluegrass band founded by Lester Flatt in 1969, after the end of his partnership with Earl Scruggs and the Foggy Mountain Boys. Flatt hired most of the Foggy Mountain Boys for his new band.
Over the years, as with most bluegrass bands, the Nashville Grass saw numerous changes in personnel, including the addition of contemporary country music star Marty Stuart, who started with Flatt at the age of 13. Lester Flatt continued to record and perform with the Nashville Grass until his death in 1979; at that time, Curly Seckler became leader of the band.
Members
Lester Flatt (guitar)
Johnny Johnson (guitar, bass)
John Ray "Curly" Seckler (guitar)
Roland White (mandolin)
Marty Stuart (mandolin, guitar, fiddle)
Vic Jordan (banjo)
Haskel McCormick (banjo)
Kenny Ingram (banjo)
Blake Williams (banjo)
Paul Warren (fiddle)
Clarence "Tater" Tate (fiddle)
Burkett "Josh" Graves (Dobro)
Jack Martin (Dobro)
Charlie Nixon (Dobro)
English P. "Jake" Tullock(bass)
Jack Hicks (bass)
Pete Corum (bass)
References
American bluegrass music groups
|
3990172
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20judicial%20system%20%28Denmark%29
|
General judicial system (Denmark)
|
The General Judicial System () is the Danish juridical system in its entirety.
See also
Danish courts of justice
Police of Denmark (Politi)
Danish Prosecution Service (Anklagemyndigheden)
Danish Prison and Probation Service (Kriminalforsorgen)
Civil Affairs Authority (Civilstyrelsen)
Danish Data Protection Agency (Datatilsynet)
Law of Denmark
Law enforcement in Denmark
|
3990181
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munga-Thirri%E2%80%93Simpson%20Desert%20Regional%20Reserve
|
Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert Regional Reserve
|
The Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert Regional Reserve (formerly Simpson Desert Regional Reserve) was a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia within the gazetted locality of Simpson Desert. The regional reserve's name was altered on 2 August 2018 by the Government of South Australia. The regional reserve was classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.
it was merged with the Munga-Thirri—Simpson Desert Conservation Park to create the Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert National Park.
See also
Protected areas of South Australia
Regional reserves of South Australia
Regional Reserve (Australia)
Simpson Desert
Simpson Desert Important Bird Area
Munga-Thirri National Park, Queensland
References
External links
A Review of the Simpson Desert Regional Reserve 1988 - 1998 (pdf) - Department for Environment and Heritage
Regional reserves of South Australia
Protected areas established in 1985
1985 establishments in Australia
Far North (South Australia)
|
3990191
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygopalatine%20fossa
|
Pterygopalatine fossa
|
In human anatomy, the pterygopalatine fossa (sphenopalatine fossa) is a fossa in the skull. A human skull contains two pterygopalatine fossae—one on the left side, and another on the right side. Each fossa is a cone-shaped paired depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on each side of the skull, located between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity close to the apex of the orbit. It is the indented area medial to the pterygomaxillary fissure leading into the sphenopalatine foramen. It communicates with the nasal and oral cavities, infratemporal fossa, orbit, pharynx, and middle cranial fossa through eight foramina.
Structure
Boundaries
It has the following boundaries:
anterior: superomedial part of the infratemporal surface of maxilla
posterior: root of the pterygoid process and adjoining anterior surface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone
medial: perpendicular plate of the palatine bone and its orbital and sphenoidal processes
lateral: pterygomaxillary fissure
inferior: part of the floor is formed by the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.
Passages
The following passages connect the fossa with other parts of the skull:
Functions
The pterygopalatine fossa contains
the pterygopalatine ganglion suspended by nerve roots from the maxillary nerve
the terminal third of the maxillary artery
the maxillary nerve (CN V2, the second division of the trigeminal nerve), with which is the nerve of the pterygoid canal, a combination of the greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetic) and the deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic sympathetic). To obtain block anesthesia of the entire second division of the trigeminal nerve, an intraoral injection can be administered into this area.
See also
Pterygopalatine canal (disambiguation)
Fossa in the Human Body
Additional images
References
External links
Interactive at Columbia.edu
Bones of the head and neck
|
3990198
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler%20feedwater%20pump
|
Boiler feedwater pump
|
A boiler feedwater pump is a specific type of pump used to pump feedwater into a steam boiler. The water may be freshly supplied or returning condensate produced as a result of the condensation of the steam produced by the boiler. These pumps are normally high pressure units that take suction from a condensate return system and can be of the centrifugal pump type or positive displacement type.
Construction and operation
Feedwater pumps range in size up to many kilowatts and the electric motor is usually separated from the pump body by some form of mechanical coupling. Large industrial condensate pumps may also serve as the feedwater pump. In either case, to force the water into the boiler, the pump must generate sufficient pressure to overcome the steam pressure developed by the boiler. This is usually accomplished through the use of a centrifugal pump.
Another common form of feedwater pumps run constantly and are provided with a minimum flow device to stop overpressuring the pump on low flows. The minimum flow usually returns to the tank or deaerator.
Failure of mechanical seal
Mechanical seals of boiler feedwater pumps often show signs of electrical corrosion. The relative movement between the sliding ring and the stationary ring provokes static charging which is not diverted due to the very low conductivity of the boiler water below one micro-Siemens per cm [μS/cm]. Within short periods of operation – in some cases, only a few hundred operational hours – pieces having the size of fingertips break off from the sliding and/or the stationary ring and cause rapid increases in leakage current. Diamond-coated (DLC) mechanical seals avoid this problem and extend durability remarkably.
Steam-powered pumps
Steam locomotives and the steam engines used on ships and stationary applications such as power plants also require feedwater pumps. In this situation, though, the pump was often powered using a small steam engine that ran using the steam produced by the boiler. A means had to be provided, of course, to put the initial charge of water into the boiler (before steam power was available to operate the steam-powered feedwater pump). The pump was often a positive displacement pump that had steam valves and cylinders at one end and feedwater cylinders at the other end; no crankshaft was required.
Duplex steam pump
A duplex steam pump has two sets of steam and water cylinders. They are not physically connected but the steam valves on the first pump are operated by the movement of the second pump's piston rod, and vice versa. The result is that there are no "dead spots" and the pump is always self-starting.
Jet injector
An injector pump uses the Venturi effect and steam condensation to deliver water to a boiler.
See also
Boiler feedwater
References
Fluid dynamics
Pumps
Steam boiler components
Boilers
|
5381954
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20Local%20Self-Reliance
|
Institute for Local Self-Reliance
|
The Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR) is a nonprofit organization and advocacy group that was founded in 1974. The organization provides technical assistance to communities about local solutions for sustainable community development in areas such as banking, broadband, energy, independent business, and waste. ILSR has three main offices, one in Washington, D.C., Portland, Maine, and Minneapolis, Minnesota.
History
1980s
In the 1980s, ILSR worked with community organizations to halt a plan for six waste incineration plants in Los Angeles. With ILSR's assistance, the Los Angeles groups then formed a coalition throughout Southern California that campaigned to have 15 additional mass burn plants cancelled between 1985 and 1988 in favor of recycling technologies.
2000s
In October 2007, Booklist named ILSR Senior Researcher Stacy Mitchell's book Big-Box Swindle as one of the top ten business books of the year. Reminiscent of ILSR's early work on the economic impact of fast-food chains, this book details the largely negative economic and environmental impacts of big box stores and how ILSR is helping dozens of communities around the county buck this trend.
In April 2008, ILSR's Healthy Building Network (HBN) program was spun off as an independent nonprofit organization. HBN is a network of green building professionals, environmental and health activists, socially responsible investment advocates and others who promote healthier building materials as a means of improving public health and preserving the global environment.
2010–present
In August 2019, ILSR's Brenda Platt and Neil Seldman were profiled in Biocycle Magazine about their history of work on zero waste and community-scaled composting.
In February 2020, ILSR Co-Director Stacy Mitchell appeared in PBS Frontline's documentary, Amazon: The Rise and Reign of Jeff Bezos.
In April 2020, ILSR Co-Director Stacy Mitchell was profiled in the New York Times by David Streitfeld. The article primarily focuses on her work and efforts to oppose Amazon's growing monopoly power.
In 2021, Politico called the organization "one of the most prominent critics of the tech industry in Washington."
References
External links
Institute for Local Self-Reliance
Grassroots Recycling Network
Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Organizations established in 1974
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5381956
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavignano
|
Gavignano
|
Gavignano is a town in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy. Gavignano is approximately 50 km south east of Rome, on a hill in the Lepini Mountains.
The name of the town is believed to be derived from the Roman consul and general Aulus Gabinius, a friend of Pompey and ally of Julius Caesar.
The nearest train station is located in the town of Colleferro. Nearby, within the communal territory, is an archaeological site of a Roman villa from the Republican era, the villa "Rossilli", believed to be a country home of the Julii family. At Rossilli there is also a historical abbey, built by the Benedictines in the 12th century.
Pope Innocent III was born there in 1160.
References
Cities and towns in Lazio
|
5381963
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution%20independence
|
Resolution independence
|
Resolution independence is where elements on a computer screen are rendered at sizes independent from the pixel grid, resulting in a graphical user interface that is displayed at a consistent physical size, regardless of the resolution of the screen.
Concept
As early as 1978, the typesetting system TeX due to Donald Knuth introduced resolution independence into the world of computers. The intended view can be rendered beyond the atomic resolution without any artifacts, and the automatic typesetting decisions are guaranteed to be identical on any computer up to an error less than the diameter of an atom. This pioneering system has a corresponding font system, Metafont, which provides suitable fonts of the same high standards of resolution independence.
The terminology device independent file format (DVI) is the file format of Donald Knuth's pioneering TeX system. The content of such a file can be interpreted at any resolution without any artifacts, even at very high resolutions not currently in use.
Implementation
macOS
Apple included some support for resolution independence in early versions of macOS, which could be demonstrated with the developer tool Quartz Debug that included a feature allowing the user to scale the interface. However, the feature was incomplete, as some icons did not show (such as in System Preferences), user interface elements were displayed at odd positions and certain bitmap GUI elements were not scaled smoothly. Because the scaling feature was never completed, macOS's user interface remained resolution-dependent.
On June 11, 2012, Apple introduced the 2012 MacBook Pro with a resolution of 2880×1800 or 5.2 megapixels – doubling the pixel density in both dimensions. The laptop shipped with a version of macOS that provided support to scale the user interface twice as big as it has previously been. This feature is called HighDPI mode in macOS and it uses a fixed scaling factor of 2 to increase the size of the user interface for high-DPI screens. Apple also introduced support for scaling the UI by rendering the user interface on higher or smaller resolution that the laptop's built-in native resolution and scaling the output to the laptop screen. One obvious downside of this approach is either a decreased performance on rendering the UI on a higher than native resolution or increased blurriness when rendering lower than native resolution. Thus, while the macOS's user interface can be scaled using this approach, the UI itself is not resolution-independent.
Microsoft Windows
The GDI system in Windows is pixel-based and thus not resolution-independent. To scale up the UI, Microsoft Windows has supported specifying a custom DPI from the Control Panel since Windows 95. (In Windows 3.1, the DPI setting is tied to the screen resolution, depending on the driver information file.) When a custom system DPI is specified, the built-in UI in the operating system scales up. Windows also includes APIs for application developers to design applications that will scale properly.
GDI+ in Windows XP adds resolution-independent text rendering however, the UI in Windows versions up to Windows XP is not completely high-DPI aware as displays with very high resolutions and high pixel densities were not available in that time frame. Windows Vista and Windows 7 scale better at higher DPIs.
Windows Vista also adds support for programs to declare themselves to the OS that they are high-DPI aware via a manifest file or using an API. For programs that do not declare themselves as DPI-aware, Windows Vista supports a compatibility feature called DPI virtualization so system metrics and UI elements are presented to applications as if they are running at 96 DPI and the Desktop Window Manager then scales the resulting application window to match the DPI setting. Windows Vista retains the Windows XP style scaling option which when enabled turns off DPI virtualization (blurry text) for all applications globally.
Windows Vista also introduces Windows Presentation Foundation. WPF applications are vector-based, not pixel-based and are designed to be resolution-independent.
Windows 7 adds the ability to change the DPI by doing only a log off, not a full reboot and makes it a per-user setting. Additionally, Windows 7 reads the monitor DPI from the EDID and automatically sets the DPI value to match the monitor's physical pixel density, unless the effective resolution is less than 1024 x 768.
In Windows 8, only the DPI scaling percentage is shown in the DPI changing dialog and the display of the raw DPI value has been removed. In Windows 8.1, the global setting to disable DPI virtualization (only use XP-style scaling) is removed. At pixel densities higher than 120 PPI (125%), DPI virtualization is enabled for all applications without a DPI aware flag (manifest) set inside the EXE. Windows 8.1 retains a per-application option to disable DPI virtualization of an app. Windows 8.1 also adds the ability for each display to use an independent DPI setting, although it calculates this automatically for each display. Windows 8.1 prevents a user from forcibly enabling DPI virtualization of an application. Therefore, if an application wrongly claims to be DPI-aware, it will look too small on high-DPI displays in 8.1, and a user cannot correct that.
Windows 10 adds manual control over DPI for individual monitors. In addition, Windows 10 version 1703 brings back the XP-style GDI scaling under a "System (Enhanced)" option. This option combines GDI+'s text rendering at a higher resolution with the usual scaling of other elements, so that text appears crisper than in the normal "System" virtualization mode.
Android
Since Android 1.6 "Donut" (September 2009) Android has provided support for multiple screen sizes and densities. Android expresses layout dimensions and position via the density-independent pixel or "dp" which is defined as one physical pixel on a 160 dpi screen. At runtime, the system transparently handles any scaling of the dp units, as necessary, based on the actual density of the screen in use.
To aid in the creation of underlying bitmaps, Android categorizes resources based on screen size and density:
X Window System
The Xft library, the font rendering library for the X11 system, has a dpi setting that defaults to 75. This is simply a wrapper around the FC_DPI system in fontconfig, but it suffices for scaling the text in Xft-based applications. The mechanism is also detected by desktop environments to set its own DPI, usually in conjunction with the EDID-based family of Xlib functions. The latter has been rendered ineffective in Xorg Server 1.7; since then EDID information is only exposed to XRandR.
In 2013, the GNOME desktop environment began efforts to bring resolution independence ("hi-DPI" support) for various parts of the graphics stack. Developer Alexander Larsson initially wrote about changes required in GTK+, Cairo, Wayland and the GNOME themes. At the end of the BoF sessions at GUADEC 2013, GTK+ developer Matthias Clasen mentioned that hi-DPI support would be "pretty complete" in GTK 3.10 once work on Cairo would be completed. As of January 2014, hi-DPI support for Clutter and GNOME Shell is ongoing work.
Gtk supports scaling all UI elements by integer factors, and all text by any non-negative real number factors. As of 2019, Fractional scaling of the UI by scaling up and then down is experimental.
Other
Although not related to true resolution independence, some other operating systems use GUIs that are able to adapt to changed font sizes. Microsoft Windows 95 onwards used the Marlett TrueType font in order to scale some window controls (close, maximize, minimize, resize handles) to arbitrary sizes. AmigaOS from version 2.04 (1991) was able to adapt its window controls to any font size.
Video games are often resolution-independent; an early example is Another World for DOS, which used polygons to draw its 2D content and was later remade using the same polygons at a much higher resolution. 3D games are resolution-independent since the perspective is calculated every frame and so it can vary its resolution.
See also
Adobe Illustrator
CorelDRAW
Direct2D
Display PostScript
Himetric
Inkscape
Page zooming
Responsive Web Design
Retina display
Scalable Vector Graphics
Synfig
Twips
Vector-based graphical user interface
Vector graphics
References
External links
Declaration of resolution-independence by John Siracusa
Digital imaging
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3990214
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuttlers
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Scuttlers
|
Scuttlers were members of neighbourhood-based youth gangs (known as scuttling gangs) formed in working class areas of Manchester, Salford, and the surrounding townships during the late 19th century. It is possible to draw parallels with the London street gangs of the 1890s, whose behaviour was labelled hooliganism. The social commentator Alexander Devine attributed the gang culture to lack of parental control, lack of discipline in schools, "base literature" and the monotony of life in Manchester's slums.
Gangs were formed throughout the slums of central Manchester, in the townships of Bradford, Gorton and Openshaw to the east and in Salford, to the west of the city. Gang conflicts erupted in Manchester in the early 1870s and went on sporadically for 30 years, declining in frequency and severity by the late 1890s.
Dress
Scuttlers distinguished themselves from other young men in working-class neighbourhoods by their distinctive clothing. They generally wore a uniform of brass-tipped pointed clogs, bell-bottomed trousers, cut like a sailor's ("bells" that measured fourteen inches round the knee and twenty-one inches round the foot) and "flashy" silk scarves. Their hair was cut short at the back and sides, but they grew long fringes, known as "donkey fringes", that were longer on the left side and plastered down on the forehead over the left eye. Peaked caps were also worn tilted to the left to display the fringe. The scuttlers' girlfriends also had a distinctive style of dress consisting of clogs, shawl, and a vertically striped skirt.
Clashes
Scuttling gangs were territorial fighting gangs, as reflected in their names; the Bengal Tigers came from the cluster of streets and courts off Bengal Street in Ancoats. Most gangs took their names from a local thoroughfare, such as Holland Street, Miles Platting, or Hope Street, Salford.
Gang members fought with a variety of weapons, but they all carried knives and wore heavy buckled belts, often decorated with pictures such as serpents, scorpions, hearts pierced with arrows or women's names. The thick leather belts were their most prized possessions and were wrapped tightly around the wrist at the onset of a "scuttle", so that the buckle could be used to strike at opponents. The use of knives and belts was designed to maim and disfigure rather than to kill.
Some of the clashes between rival gangs involved large numbers; the Gorton Reporter described one such instance in May 1879 as involving more than 500 people. Scuttling reached a peak in 1890–91; it was said that by 1890 more youths were held in Strangeways Prison for scuttling than for any other offence.
Demise
By the turn of the century the gangs had all but died out owing to some of the worst slums having been cleared, the setting up of Working Lads' Clubs (such as Salford Lads' Club) to engage the working youths in more peaceful
activities, the spread of street football and the advent of the cinema.
One initiative to provide an alternative to gang warfare resulted in the formation of St Marks (West Gorton) Football Club, which later became Manchester City FC. In 1997 the Manchester historian Gary James highlighted that scuttling was the number one unifying activity of young men, and that the creation of St Mark's Football Club was a very serious attempt at diverting the young men of West Gorton into more worthwhile activities. Anna Connell, perceived by many as the founder of St Mark's FC, also helped create men's meetings, a library, and other society improving facilities and clubs.
See also
History of Manchester
Peaky Blinders
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
BBC Manchester History - Scuttlers of Manchester
History of Greater Manchester
Subcultures
Gangs in Manchester
19th-century fashion
Working-class culture in England
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5381964
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cento%20%28poetry%29
|
Cento (poetry)
|
A cento is a poetical work wholly composed of verses or passages taken from other authors, especially the Greek poet Homer and the Roman poet Virgil, disposed in a new form or order.
Etymology
The Latin term cento derives from Greek (gen. ), meaning "'to plant slips' (of trees)". A later word in Greek, , means "patchwork garment". According to Hugh Gerard Evelyn-White, "A cento is therefore a poem composed of odd fragments".
History
The cento originated in the 3rd or 4th century A.D. The first known cento is the Medea by Hosidius Geta, composed out of Virgilian lines, according to Tertullian. However, an earlier cento might be present in Irenaeus's late-2nd century work Adversus Haereses. He either cites or composes a cento as a demonstration of how heretical Christians modify canonical Gospels.
Ausonius (310–395) is the only poet from Antiquity to comment on the form and content of the Virgilian cento; his statements are afterward regarded as authoritative. The pieces, he says, may be taken either from the same poet, or from several. The individual fragments of poetry used should be no shorter than one half-line (one hemistich) and no longer than a full line and a half. In accordance with these rules, he made a cento from Virgil, the Cento Nuptialis.
Faltonia Betitia Proba wrote a Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi, in which she details the life of Jesus and deeds of the Old and New Testaments; it was written entirely in centos taken from Virgil.
In the Greek World, centos, such as those by Aelia Eudocia, are mainly composed by verses taken from Homer.
The Politics of Justus Lipsius (Politicorum Libri Sex, 1589) consists only of centos, there being nothing of his own but conjunctions and particles. Etienne de Pleure did the same as Proba in Sacra Aeneis (1618). Alexander Ross did the same thing in his Virgilii Evangelisantis Christiados (1634), his most celebrated work of poetry.
Example
The following is a sample from the cento Sacra Aeneis (1618), by Etienne de Pleure, on the adoration of the Magi. The lines of Vergil used, from his Aeneid and Georgics, are indicated on the left (e.g. 6.255 points to book 6, line 255); or, if changed in the middle of a line, an asterisk separates the new quotation with its source indicated on the right.
{|cellspacing="10"
!align="center" colspan="3"|Adoratio Magorum (Gospel of Matthew 2)
|-
|Aeneid 6.255
|Ecce autem primi sub lumina solis, et ortus,
|
|-
|Aeneid 2.694
|Stella facem ducens multa cum luce cucurrit :
|
|-
|Aeneid 5.526
|Signavitque Viam * coeli in regione serena.
|Aeneid 8.528.
|-
|Aeneid 8.330
|Tum Reges * (credo quia sit divinitus illis
|Georgics 9.415.
|-
|Georgics 1.416.
|Ingenium, et rerum fato prudentia major)
|
|-
|Aeneid 7.98.
|Externi veniunt * quae cuique est copia laeti
|Aeneid 5.100
|-
|Aeneid 3.464.
|Dona dehinc auro gravia, * Regumque Parentem.
|Aeneid 6.548.
|-
|Georgics 1.418.
|Mutavere vias, * perfectis ordine votis :
|Aeneid 10.548.
|-
|Aeneid 6.16.
|Insuetum per iter, * spatia in sua quisque recessit.
|Aeneid 12.126.
|}
The following is an example in English, taken from The Dictionary of Wordplay (2001) by Dave Morice:
I only know she came and went, (Lowell)
Like troutlets in a pool; (Hood)
She was a phantom of delight, (Wordsworth)
And I was like a fool. (Eastman)
See also
Found poetry
References
Further reading
James P. Holoka, review of Homeric Stitchings: The Homeric Centos of the Empress Eudocia, in Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1999.09.08.
Oscar Prieto Domínguez, De Alieno Nostrum: el Centón profano en el mundo griego. Estudios filológicos, 328. Salamanca: 2011. .
External links
CENTONES: Recycled Art or the Embodiment of Absolute Intertextuality? by Marie Okáčová (Brno) with many examples of classical centones
Genres of poetry
Latin poetry
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3990221
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81%20Bao%20A%20Qu
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Á Bao A Qu
|
A Bao A Qu is a legendary Mewar creature described in Jorge Luis Borges's 1967 Book of Imaginary Beings. Borges claimed to have found it either in an introduction to the Arabian Nights by Richard Francis Burton, or in the book On Malay Witchcraft (1937) by C.C. Iturvuru. The Burton reference was given in the original Spanish, but it was changed to the Iturvuru reference in the English text, possibly to make it sound more exotic, or as a reference to Borges' friend C. C. Iturburu. The writer Antares conjectures that Borges's tale might be inspired by Orang Asli myth, and that "A Bao A Qu" is a slurring of abang aku meaning "my elder brother".
In Borges's story, the A Bao A Qu lives on the steps of the Tower of Victory in Chitor, from the top of which one can see "the loveliest landscape in the world". The A Bao A Qu waits on the first step for a man brave enough to try to climb up. Until that point, it lies sleeping, shapeless and translucent, until someone passes. Then, when a man starts climbing, the creature wakes, and follows close behind. As it progresses further and further up, it begins to become clearer and more colorful. It gives off a blue light which increases as it ascends. But it only reaches perfection when the climber reaches the top, and achieves Nirvana, so his acts don't cast any shadows. But almost all the time, the climber cannot reach the top, for they are not perfect. When the A Bao A Qu realizes this, it hangs back, losing color and visibility, and tumbles back down the staircase until it reaches the bottom, once more dormant and shapeless. In doing so, it gives a small cry, so soft that it sounds similar to the rustling of silk. When touched, it feels like the fuzz on the skin of a peach. Only once in its everlasting life has the A Bao A Qu reached its destination at the top of the tower.
References
Fictional mammals
Jorge Luis Borges
|
3990238
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MODAF
|
MODAF
|
The British Ministry of Defence Architecture Framework (MODAF) was an architecture framework which defined a standardised way of conducting enterprise architecture, originally developed by the UK Ministry of Defence. It has since been replaced with the NATO Architecture Framework.
Initially the purpose of MODAF was to provide rigour and structure to support the definition and integration of MOD equipment capability, particularly in support of network-enabled capability (NEC).
The MOD additionally used MODAF to underpin the use of the enterprise architecture approach to the capture of the information about the business to identify the processes and resources required to deliver the vision expressed in the strategy.
Overview
MODAF was an internationally recognised enterprise architecture framework developed by the MOD to support Defence planning and change management activities. It does this by enabling the capture and presentation of information in a rigorous, coherent and comprehensive way that aids the understanding of complex issues, thereby providing managers with the key factors they should consider when making decisions about changes to the business. It is used extensively in Defence acquisition to support systems engineering, particularly in support of network-enabled capability (NEC), "which is about the coherent integration of sensors, decision-makers, weapon systems and support capabilities to achieve the desired effect".
With the publication of the MOD Information Strategy (MODIS) and its enterprise architecture (EA) sub-strategy, the MOD has recognised the utility of EA to support business improvement. MODAF is central to the use of EA in MOD.
MODAF was managed and maintained by staff working for the MOD's Chief Information Officer (CIO), as part of their role to provide information policy and standards. Additional support is provided by the MOD's System Engineering and Integration Group, as part of their role in developing the System of Systems Approach (SOSA), a common set of principles, rules, and standards to enable the delivery of better interoperability between systems.
The MOD works closely with its international allies to ensure coherence with their architecture frameworks to enable the sharing of information about capabilities fielded in coalition operations in-order to support interoperability. MODAF was developed from the US Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) version 1.0, but has been extended and modified to meet MOD requirements by the addition of strategic, acquisition and service-oriented viewpoints and the provision of the M3.
MODAF version 1.0 was released in 2005, following development work by the MODAF Partners, a collaborative team of MOD staff and contractors from a number of industry partners and has been continuously improved since Version 1.0, the latest release, version 1.2.004, was released in May 2010
History
MODAF was initially developed for MOD from two parallel work strands, an MOD-funded research programme undertaken by QinetiQ (formerly part of the Defence Evaluation Research Agency) and a separate DoDAF-based development by MODAF Partners, a consortium of Cornwell Management Consulting (now Serco) and PA Consulting Group with Model Futures providing the technical input, and extended by other key suppliers such as Logica and Vega through work for the MOD Integration Authority (as of April 2008 the System Engineering Integration Group (SEIG)). The draft version of MODAF combined the metamodel developed from the UK MOD funded QinetiQ research programme and the views developed by MODAF Partners. The meta-model was subsequently replaced with the M3 for the released version of MODAF.
Framework
MODAF provides a set of templates (called "Views") that provide a standard notation for the capture of information about a business in order to identify ways to improve the business. Each MODAF View offers a different perspective on the business to support different stakeholder interests, presented in a format, usually graphical, that aids understanding of how a business operates.
The Views are grouped into seven Viewpoints (Note that this is a different use of the term 'viewpoint' from ISO/IEC/IEEE:42010 as a specification for a single view):
Strategic Viewpoint (StV) defines the desired business outcome, and what capabilities are required to achieve it;
Operational Viewpoint (OV) defines (in abstract rather than physical terms) the processes, information and entities needed to fulfil the capability requirements;
Service Orientated Viewpoint (SOV) describes the services, (i.e. units of work supplied by providers to consumers), required to support the processes described in the operational Views;
Systems Viewpoint (SV) describes the physical implementation of the Operational and Service Orientated Views and, thereby, define the solution;
Acquisition Viewpoint (AcV) describes the dependencies and timelines of the projects that will of deliver the solution;
Technical Viewpoint (TV) defines the standards that are to be applied to the solution;
All Viewpoint (AV) provides a description and glossary of the contents of the architecture.
The relationship between the data in the MODAF Views is defined in the MODAF Meta Model, known as the M3. The M3 provides a logical structure for the storage of the data in a database and subsequently provides the necessary coherence for the data to be shared with other MODAF architectures.
Functionality of framework
In MOD, MODAF has primarily been used in acquisition domains, programmes and delivery teams to support the delivery of military capability, particularly NEC. A number of MODAF architectures directly support operations in Afghanistan. In addition, MODAF is widely used by its industry partners, such as BAE Systems, Thales, Lockheed Martin, Boeing and Serco. It is also used by other government departments and agencies, such as GCHQ, and external bodies such as the National Air Traffic Services (NATS). MODAF is used by the Swedish Armed Forces to support the development of military capability, and it has been adapted by NATO to form the core of the NATO Architecture Framework (NAF).
Harmonisation
MODAF will continue in its current form for the foreseeable future. However, MOD is working closely with the United States Department of Defense, the Canadian Department of National Defence, the Australian Department of Defence, and the Swedish Armed Forces to develop the International Defence Enterprise Architecture Specification (IDEAS). Although the focus for IDEAS has been the ability to provide a mechanism to better enable the exchange of architecture information between Nations, the IDEAS Management Group are also actively considering how their architecture frameworks should converge, perhaps into a single unified architecture framework.
Tools and tooling
The MOD is "agnostic" about which software tools should or should not be used to develop MODAF architecture descriptions. The key requirement is that they should correctly implement the M3 with downloads in Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect; HTML and XMI formats. to provide a coherent structure against which architecture information can be exchanged. A number of tools offer this functionality.
The MOD has been working with the Object Management Group (OMG) to develop the Unified Profile for DoDAF and MODAF (UPDM), an abstract UML profile that implements the MODAF Metamodel (M3), itself an abstract UML profile for UML modelling tools, as well as the DODAF metamodel (DM2) . It is based on the Unified Modelling Language (UML) and extends the Systems Modelling Language (SysML) UML profile.
Terminology
An "architectural framework" or "architecture framework" is a specification of how to organise and present architectural models. An architectural framework consists of a standard set of views, which each have a specific purpose.
An "architectural description" is a contiguous, coherent model of an enterprise. An architectural description comprises "architectural products". MODAF is not an architectural description.
A "view" is a specification of a way to present an aspect of the enterprise. Views are defined with one or more purposes in mind - e.g., showing the logical topology of the enterprise, describing a process model, defining a data model, etc.
An "architectural product" is a model of a particular aspect of the enterprise. An architectural product conforms to a "view".
A "viewpoint" is a collection of "views." Viewpoints are usually categorized by domain - e.g., in MODAF there are seven viewpoints.
Applications
Although originally developed by the UK Ministry of Defence, MODAF is the standard architecture framework for other organisations, such as:
GCHQ
Swedish Armed Forces
BAE Systems use MODAF on a number of internal programmes, most notably their TRAiDE environment
EADS use MODAF as part of the Modelling and Simulation process for NetCOS their Synthetic Environment
Thales Group use MODAF in their work for UK MOD
Avolution use MODAF widely within the UK Defence and Security sectors
BAA Limited
In addition, revision 3 of the NATO Architecture Framework (NAF) is identical to MODAF at its core but extends the framework by adding views for Bandwidth Analysis, SOA and Standards configurations.
MODAF is also the basis for other frameworks such as TRAK, a domain-free framework, which is based on MODAF 1.2
References
External links
MOD Site for MODAF
modaf.com - the MODAF user site
Enterprise architecture frameworks
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3990239
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville%20Lewis
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Neville Lewis
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Alfred Neville Lewis (1895–1972) was a South African artist. He was born in Cape Town, South Africa, and educated there and, later, at the Slade School of Art in London.
His father was the Reverend A. J. S. Lewis, who was Mayor of Cape Town, and on 4 October 1929, officially opened the Table Mountain Aerial Cableway.
Neville married Theo Townshend a fellow student. He became a member of the New English Art Club in 1920. When his marriage broke up in 1922 his two sons Tom and David went to Cape Town where they were raised by their grandparents and his daughter Catherine stayed with his ex-wife.
He served in World War I in France, Belgium, and Italy.
During World War II he carried on producing portraits in oil. He frequently painted and drew black South Africans. Lewis painted three portraits of Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery. He also painted several persons actively involved in the war effort ranging from a member of the South African Native Military Corps to a nurse. Several of these images were used for postage stamps during the war.
He married Countess Rosa Cecilie Karoline-Mathilde Irene Sibylla Anna zu Solms-Baruth, daughter of Friedrich, 3rd Prince of Solms-Baruth and his wife Princess Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, on 3 November 1955 and settled on Rowan Street, Stellenbosch where their children Caroline and Frederick Henry Lewis attended school.
Later the couple acquired a small holding opposite the Stellenbosch Golf Club where his wife and children could pursue their love of horse riding. After his death in 1972 his wife married Weber.
The painting Portrait of Albert van der Sandt Centlivres by Lewis was burned by demonstrators during the Rhodes Must Fall upheaval at the University of Cape Town in February 2016.
References
Art works
King Sobhuza II portrait of Sobhuza II of Swaziland
Lt Col (Mrs) Doreen Dunning (1941)
Young girl with scarf
Pondo girl with a blue blanket
Pondo woman
Portrait of Lucas Majozi (1942)
Seated nude
Job Maseko, Job Masego, Black South African soldier who sunk a German supply boat in the Tobruk Harbour during World War II.
External links
Neville Lewis - Family reference
Neville Lewis - South African History Online
The Visual Construction of Gender and Race in the South African Military 1939 – 1945
UDF Stamp Series
1895 births
1972 deaths
South African artists
Artists from Cape Town
South African people of British descent
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
World War I artists
World War II artists
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5381981
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Ames%20Blood
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Henry Ames Blood
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Henry Ames Blood (June 7, 1836 – December 30, 1900) was an American civil servant, poet, playwright and historian. He is chiefly remembered for The History of Temple, N. H.
Life
Blood was born in Temple, New Hampshire, the son of Ephraim Whiting and Lavinia (Ames) Blood. Due to his father's death on December 29, 1837, when he was a year and a half old, his childhood years were spent with his mother's family in New Ipswich, New Hampshire. When his mother remarried on February 9, 1842, he acquired a stepfather, Samphson Fletcher. He was educated at the New Ipswich Academy in New Ipswich, and Dartmouth College, from which he graduated in 1857. Afterwards he was a school teacher for a few years in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Paris, Tennessee.
About 1861 he moved to Washington, D.C., where he was employed for most of his adult life, to accept a clerkship in the Internal Revenue Department. After a short service there he was transferred to the Department of State, in the employ of which he long remained. He also worked for the Bureau of the Census and the Department of the Treasury.
As a young government worker in Washington, D.C., Blood was in the city at the time of Abraham Lincoln's assassination. His letters to his mother on the aftermath of the assassination and the trial of the conspirators were discovered in 2005 in one of the homes of Robert Todd Lincoln, and reveal an interesting impression of contemporary public sentiment concerning the events.
He was married twice, first, October 15, 1862, to Mary Jeannie Marshall, daughter of Orlando and Eliza Cunningham (Mansur) Marshall of New Ipswich, New Hampshire, and second, October 19, 1880, to Mary E. Miller, daughter of Col. Ephraim F. and Catherine (Seymour) Miller. From his second marriage he had one son, Royal Henry Blood, born July 29, 1884, who died young in 1892.
Blood died at his home in Washington, D.C. and was buried with his son in New Ipswich, New Hampshire. His widow married again after his death, on February 11, 1902, to Col. Royal E. Whitman. On August 7, 1905, during a visit by the Whitmans to Portland, Maine, Mary was stricken with apoplexy, dying peacefully on August 8. Her funeral was held August 10 in New Ipswich, New Hampshire. She bequeathed to the Public Library of New Ipswich $10,000 to establish The Henry Ames Blood and Royal Henry Blood Memorial Fund for the maintenance of the library, and another $10,000 to the town of Temple, New Hampshire, $8,000 for the erection of a schoolhouse, to be known as the "Henry Ames Blood and Mary Miller Blood School," and $2,000 for the care and maintenance of the town common. These bequests were to be paid after the death of Col. Whitman.
Works
Blood's The History of Temple, N. H. (1860) is still considered an important resource for the history of that region.
His poetry was highly regarded and anthologized in his own day, when he was considered in the first rank of American poets, but has been dismissed as overly-sentimental by later critics. Among the periodicals and newspapers in which his verse appeared were Boston Advertiser, The Century Illustrated Magazine, Christian Union, Dollar Monthly Magazine, Flag of Our Union, Harper's Weekly, The Independent, The Knickerbocker Monthly, The Magazine of Poetry and Literary Review, New England Magazine, New York Observer, New York Post, New York Tribune, Scribner's Magazine, The Home Journal, and The Youth's Companion.
Blood's dramatic works appear never to have made much of an impression, either in his own lifetime or since. At least one of them (How Much I Loved Thee! (1884)) was published under the pseudonym of Raymond Eshobel, which is an anagram of the author's name.
Bibliography
Nonfiction
The History of Temple, N. H. (1860) (Google Books e-text)
"Germany" (article) (1872)
Proceedings in the Internal Revenue Office Commemorative of the Late Judge Israel Dille (1874)
Drama
The Emigrant (1874)
Lord Timothy Dexter, or, The Greatest Man in the East (1874) (Google Books e-text)
The Spanish Mission, or, The Member from Nevada (1874)
How Much I Loved Thee! A Drama (1884) (Google Books e-text)
The Return of Ulysses
Poetry
Dates are of first publication if known; an "a." before a date indicates the poem appeared in an anthology or collection of that date (original publication was likely earlier); an asterisk indicates the piece was collected in Blood's Selected Poems.
Selected Poems of Henry Ames Blood (collection, 1901) (Google Books e-text) (Internet Archive e-text)
"At the Door" (ca. 1860)
"The Chimney-nook" * (The Home Journal, May 5, 1860)
"Pro Mortuis" * (New York Post, Jul. 15, 1862)
"Sighs in the South" * (New York Weekly Tribune, Oct. 13, 1862)
"May Flowers" * (New York Weekly Tribune, Apr. 26, 1863)
"The Sale of the Picture" (Dollar Monthly Magazine, Jul. 1863)
"The Last War of the Dryads" * (Knickerbocker Magazine, Jul. 1863)
"Fantasie" * (Knickerbocker Magazine, [Jan. 1864)
"The Masque in Fantasie" * (Knickerbocker Magazine, Feb. 1864)
"The Astrologers" (Flag of Our Union, Jan. 7, 1865)
"The Death of the Old Year" * (The Independent, Dec. 28, 1871)
"The Grand Orchestra" * (The Independent, Jan. 11, 1872)
"The Departure of the Gods from Greece" (The Independent, Mar. 28, 1872)
"The Song of the Savoyards" * (Scribner's Monthly, Jun. 1875)
"Jeannette" * (Harper's Weekly, May 19, 1879)
"The Invisible Piper" * (a.1882)
"Yearnings" * (a.1882)
"The Two Enchantments" * (The Century Magazine, Jan. 1883)
"The Rock in the Sea" * (The Century Magazine, Sep. 1883)
"Webster" * (New York Observer, Jun. 17, 1886)
"At the Grave: In Memory of A.M." * (The Century Magazine, Feb. 1887)
"Comrades" * (The Century Magazine, Dec. 1887)
"Ad Astra" * (The Century Magazine, Dec. 1888)
"Old Friends" * (Boston Advertiser, Nov. 15, 1889)
"The Fighting Parson" * (The Century Magazine, May 1890)
"Margie" * (Youth's Companion, May 21, 1891)
"The Drummer" * (The Century Magazine, Jul. 1891)
"Thoreau: In Memoriam" * (AKA "From a Poem on Thoreau," Library of the World's Best Literature, a.1896)
"Shakespeare" * (New York Tribune, date unknown (a.1891))
"The Byles Girls" (The New England Magazine, Aug. 1897)
"Great Expectations of the House of Dock" (a.1897)
"The Last Visitor" * (a.1895)
"The Fairy Boat" * (a.1901)
"A Midnight Chorus" * (a.1901)
"The Serene Message" * (The Century Magazine, date unknown (a.1901))
"Saint Goethe's Night" * (a.1901)
Notes
References
Bisbee, Marvin Davis. Dartmouth College Necrology, 1898-99. Hanover, N.H., Dartmouth Press, 1899, p. 26. [provides erroneous death date]
Blood, Henry Ames. The History of Temple, N. H. Boston, Geo. C. Rand & Avery, 1860.
Blood, Henry Ames. Selected Poems of Henry Ames Blood. Washington, D.C., The Neale Publishing Co., 1901.
Chapin, Bela, ed. The Poets of New Hampshire. Claremont, N.H., C.H. Adams, 1883, p. 559.
Chapman, George T. Sketches of the Alumni of Dartmouth College. Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1867, p. 425.
The Library Journal, v. 31 (Jan.-Dec., 1906). New York, 1906, p. 246.
The Magazine of Poetry and Literary Review, v. 7. Buffalo, The Peter Paul Book Company, 1895, p. 69.
Sladen, Douglas, ed. Younger American Poets, 1830-1890. London, Griffith, Farran, Okeden & Welsh, 1891, p. 66.
1836 births
1900 deaths
People from Temple, New Hampshire
Writers from New Hampshire
19th-century American historians
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male non-fiction writers
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3990246
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20A.%20B.%20Hammond
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SS A. B. Hammond
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SS A. B. Hammond was a liberty ship built by California Shipbuilding Corporation of Los Angeles, and delivered in February 1944, to the War Shipping Administration (WSA).
SS A. B. Hammond is named after Andrew B. Hammond, owner of the Hammond Lumber Company and Hammond Shipping Co. Ltd.. During World War II Hammond Shipping Company was active in charter shipping with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. The ship was run by its Hammond Shipping Company crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio. Hammond Shipping Co. Ltd. operated both Liberty and Victory ships.
In 1947 the War Shipping Administration sold the ship for private use. She was scrapped in 1963, following grounding damage.
Names and flags
1947 – Renamed "MARIO II" by Constantine Koniadlidis of Montevideo – Uruguay flag
1948 – Renamed "ENSENADA" by Cia de Nav, of Ensenada, Panama (S. G. Embiricos, London)
1959 – Renamed "CESTOS" Zenith Transportation Corporation, of Liberia Flag, (Fratelli Delfino, Genoa)
1961 – Renamed "NICOLAOS TSAVLIRIS" Nigean Shipping Company, of Panama – Greek flag (Tsavliris Maritime Company, Piraeus)
1963 – Scrapped – Turkey after grounding damage at Kilyos, Black Sea.
References
1944 ships
Liberty ships
Ships built in Los Angeles
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3990253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliconia%20hirsuta
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Heliconia hirsuta
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Heliconia hirsuta is a species of flowering plant in the family Heliconiaceae. This plant is an erect herb up to 2 m tall, and it is native to Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, from Belize to Trinidad to Argentina.
Uses
Heliconia hirsuta is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in hot regions with humid climates.
References
External links
Heliconia hirsuta observations on iNaturalist
hirsuta
Flora of South America
Flora of Central America
Flora of Trinidad and Tobago
Flora of Jamaica
Flora of the Windward Islands
Garden plants
Plants described in 1782
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
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3990261
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatko%20%C4%8Cajkovski
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Zlatko Čajkovski
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Zlatko "Čik" Čajkovski (24 November 1923 – 27 July 1998) was a Croatian and Yugoslavian football player and coach. His brother, Željko Čajkovski, was a footballer as well. Normally a defensive midfielder, Čajkovski was renowned for his tremendous physical condition and marking ability and is considered to be one of the finest Yugoslav footballers. Despite his normally defensive role he was also a fine passer and possessed top-class technical ability.
Playing career
On club level Čajkovski played initially for HAŠK. After World War II, he moved to the newly-established Partizan.
Partizan
Čajkovski was one of the star ("most eminent") players in first 10 years of club's history. He went on to win two Yugoslav league titles (1946/47, 1948/49) and three Yugoslav Cup (Marshal Tito Cup) trophies (1947, 1952, 1954).
Čajkovski amassed 391 appearances (156 in the league), scored 97 goals and wore the captain armband, in his closing years with Partizan.
"Čik" played as many as 80 international friendlies for the Belgrade side, including a highly rated South American tour in the winter of 1953/54.
Yugoslavia
Between 1946 and 1955 he played 55 times for the Yugoslav national team scoring seven goals. Participating at the Olympic Games 1948 and 1952, he won the silver medal on both occasions. The final of the 1952 tournament in Helsinki was lost against the then ascending Hungarian side of the Magic Magyars.
He also participated in the FIFA World Cups of 1950 and 1954. In 1950, Yugoslavia only lost to hosts Brazil in the group phase, during which Čajkovski scored two goals versus Mexico. In 1954, Yugoslavia drew in the group phase against Brazil, but were eliminated in the subsequent quarter final match against eventual tournament winners Germany. In 1953, Čajkovski was one of four Croatian players on the FIFA Select XI who played against England. His final international was a May 1955 friendly match against Scotland.
After this he finished his career as player with 1. FC Köln and Hapoel Haifa.
International goals
Style of play
Although Čajkovski played as a defensive midfielder, he was equally good in the offense and, due to his exceptional stamina and tenacity, he was able to cover virtually the entire field. His unusual zigzag dribbling technique made his moves difficult to predict for the opposing players. Čajkovski was also very skilled in heading the ball, despite his short stature.
Coaching career
Čajkovski acquired his coaching licence under Hennes Weisweiler at the German Sports Academy in Cologne. His first appointment were in Israel, Turkey and the Netherlands.
His first great success was the German Championship 1962 with 1. FC Köln. In 1963 he took over the reins at FC Bayern Munich, which he guided from the second division into the first division, two wins in the German Cup and the win in the European Cup Winners Cup final against Rangers FC from Glasgow in 1967. In this period he formed around the goalkeeper Sepp Maier, Franz Beckenbauer and, the later legendary, striker Gerd Müller, then all in their very early twenties, one of the top teams in Europe and the whole world.
Later, Čajkovski coached Hannover 96, 1. FC Nürnberg, Kickers Offenbach, which he took as a second division club to win the German Cup in 1970. After NK Dinamo Zagreb and 1. FC Nürnberg, he had another stint 1. FC Köln and also returned once more to Kickers Offenbach. Then he went to Greece in AEK Athens where he won the double. He then went to Switzerland to coach FC Zürich (1978–1980) and FC Grenchen (1980), having his final assignment with Grazer AK in 1981. After that, he coached AEK Athens (1982) and Apollon Kalamarias (1983–84).
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Partizan
Yugoslav First League: 1946–47, 1948–49
Yugoslav Cup: 1947, 1952, 1954,
Yugoslavia
Summer Olympics silver medal: 1948, 1952
Manager
Köln
German Championship: 1962
Oberliga: 1961–62, 1962–63
Bayern Munich
DFB-Pokal: 1965–66, 1966–67
European Cup Winners' Cup: 1966–67
Kickers Offenbach
Regionalliga: 1969–70
AEK
Alpha Ethniki: 1977–78
Greek Cup: 1977–78
References
External links
Serbian national football team website
1923 births
1998 deaths
Sportspeople from Zagreb
Association football wing halves
Croatian footballers
Yugoslav footballers
Croatia international footballers
Yugoslavia international footballers
Dual internationalists (football)
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in football
Olympic footballers of Yugoslavia
Olympic silver medalists for Yugoslavia
1950 FIFA World Cup players
1954 FIFA World Cup players
HAŠK players
FK Partizan players
1. FC Köln players
Hapoel Haifa F.C. players
Yugoslav First League players
Oberliga (football) players
Liga Leumit players
Yugoslav expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in West Germany
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in West Germany
Expatriate footballers in Israel
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Yugoslav football managers
1. FC Köln managers
FC Bayern Munich managers
Hannover 96 managers
Kickers Offenbach managers
GNK Dinamo Zagreb managers
1. FC Nürnberg managers
AEK Athens F.C. managers
FC Zürich managers
FC Grenchen managers
Grazer AK managers
Apollon Pontou FC managers
Bundesliga managers
Yugoslav expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in West Germany
Expatriate football managers in Greece
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate football managers in Switzerland
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery
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3990264
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex%20Beisel
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Rex Beisel
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Rex Buren Beisel (October 24, 1893 – January 26, 1972) was an American aeronautical engineer and pioneer in the science and industry of aviation. He was the lead designer of several successful military and civilian aircraft, but is best known for designing the World War II-era Vought F4U Corsair fighter plane.
Life and career
Beisel was born on October 24, 1893, in San Jose, California, and was raised in Cumberland, Washington, a small mining community in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains. His father worked as a coal miner. The family lived for a time in a tent, then a small wooden house for which Rex, in an early display of his flair for design, built a picket fence.
As a teenager, Beisel worked variously as a carpenter, store clerk, and surveyor's helper. He attended Queen Anne High School in Seattle, and worked summers at the coal mine in Cumberland as a breaker boy, mule driver, coal washer, and driver of the gas-powered locomotive which carried coal out of the mine.
In 1912 he enrolled in the University of Washington, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree, while continuing to work at the coal mine and in various other jobs. On graduating he took a civil service examination in mechanical engineering and passed with such high marks that he was immediately offered a job in the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair; this soon led to a job at the newly formed Bureau of Aeronautics.
Starting out as a draftsman in 1917 at $4 a day, Beisel became fascinated with aviation. With no previous aeronautic experience and little available in the way of textbooks or data, he began designing hulls, wing floats, and pontoons for seaplanes, and proved so adept at it that he soon received promotions and assignment to major projects. In November 1919 he became one of a small number of certified aeronautical engineers in the United States.
In 1921, while working at the Bureau of Aeronautics, Beisel designed the TS-1, the first U.S. Navy fighter actually built to naval specifications.
In 1923 the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company lured Beisel into the private sector, making the 29-year-old their Chief Engineer. Two years later, planes of his design won both first and second place in the prestigious Pulitzer Trophy air races. While at Curtiss he also designed the N2C-1 Fledgling, which became the main training aircraft of the Naval Reserve, and the F8C Helldiver, one of the world's earliest purpose-built dive bombers.
After a short stint at Spartan Aircraft, Beisel became Assistant Chief Engineer at Chance Vought in 1931. He was the lead designer for the innovative SBU-1 and SB2U Vindicator scout/bombers, and in 1934 received the Manley Memorial Medal (SAE) and the Wright Brothers Medal for Cowling and Cooling of Radial Air-Cooled Aircraft Engines, a technical paper he co-authored.
Promoted to Chief Engineer at Vought, Beisel headed up the design team that produced the F4U Corsair, the first fighter aircraft to exceed a speed of 400 mph in level flight with a full military load. Beisel’s ingenious design combined the most powerful engine available with the largest diameter propeller ever built. The Corsair became one of the most famous fighters of the Second World War and played an important role in establishing Allied dominance of the air in the Pacific.
Beisel also served as lead designer for Vought's first jet-powered carrier fighter, the F7U Cutlass. Though having several advanced features, it, like many early jets, was underpowered and unreliable. Its tall front landing strut and problems with the ejection seat made it particularly dangerous for pilots, and by 1956, after a series of accidents, it had been withdrawn from service by the Navy.
In 1943 Beisel had become General Manager of Vought Aircraft, a position he held until 1949. In this position he oversaw, in 1948-49, the company's move from Stratford, Connecticut to Dallas, Texas. With 27,000,000 pounds of equipment and 1,300 employees and their families to be moved, it was among the largest industrial relocations on record. He was named Vice President of United Aircraft Corporation (Vought's parent company) in 1949, and retired a few years later.
Beisel died at his home in Sarasota, Florida on January 26, 1972, at age 78. He was survived by his wife Eunice and their four children: Rex Buren, Ann Marie MacNaughton, Susan Lee, and David Doran.
Sources
Vought Bio
F4U Corsair
References
American aerospace engineers
Aviation inventors
1893 births
1972 deaths
Vought
People from King County, Washington
20th-century American engineers
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3990271
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20M.%20Chilcott
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George M. Chilcott
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George Miles Chilcott (January 2, 1828 – March 6, 1891) was a delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Territory of Colorado, and a United States senator from the State of Colorado.
He was born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania near Cassville. In 1844, moved with his parents to Jefferson County, Iowa. There he studied medicine for a short time, until 1850, but adopted the life of a farmer and stock raiser. He became sheriff of Jefferson County in 1853.
He moved to the Territory of Nebraska in 1856. He was elected a member of the Nebraska Territorial Legislature from Burt County in 1856. He left the Nebraska legislature in 1859 when he moved to the Territory of Colorado.
In Colorado, he was a member of the constitutional convention and of the territorial legislature during the first two sessions, 1861-1862. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1863. Between 1863 and 1867, he was register of the United States Land Office for the Colorado district.
In 1865, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, but was not admitted. In 1866, he was again elected, and served a term as a Republican Delegate to the Fortieth Congress. Later, he joined the Territorial council for two years, between 1872 and 1874.
Colorado was admitted as a state in 1876, and he became a member of the Colorado House of Representatives in 1878. On April 11, 1882, was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry M. Teller, thus becoming part of the Forty-seventh Congress as a Republican. The term expired in 1883, and after serving the short year he retired from public service.
He died in St. Louis, Missouri on March 6, 1891. He was laid to rest in Masonic Cemetery, Pueblo, Colorado.
References
External links
1828 births
1891 deaths
People from Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Colorado Territory
Republican Party United States senators from Colorado
Colorado Republicans
Members of the Nebraska Territorial Legislature
Members of the Colorado Territorial Legislature
Members of the Colorado House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
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3990273
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Bromwich%20Rural%20District
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Castle Bromwich Rural District
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Castle Bromwich was a rural district in Warwickshire, England from 1894 to 1912.
It was created by the Local Government Act 1894 based on the Aston rural sanitary district. It consisted of the parishes of Castle Bromwich, Curdworth, Minworth, Water Orton and Wishaw. The district was abolished in 1912, and the parishes added to the Meriden Rural District.
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20071001044125/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10106631
History of Warwickshire
Districts of England created by the Local Government Act 1894
Rural districts of England
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3990277
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Doty
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Chris Doty
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Chris Bourke Doty (September 8, 1966 – February 2, 2006) was a Canadian journalist, historian, award-winning documentary filmmaker, author and playwright, noted for his many contributions to the cultural life of his hometown of London, Ontario.
A graduate of Tecumseh Public School, London South Collegiate Institute and the journalism school at the University of Western Ontario in 1991, Doty grew up on tree-lined Lyndhurst Place in old south London, where he was a paper boy for The London Free Press during his formative years.
Historical documentary films and plays
His writing included numerous articles in local and area publications such as The London Free Press, the Simcoe Reformer, the Strathroy Age-Dispatch and the UWO Gazette, as well as a book on hangings in London and Ontario.
His documentary films have covered such subjects as:
Old Theatres: The Return, 1991 (while still a student at UWO)
Marc Emery: Messing Up the System, 1992
Slippery the Seal and Storybook Gardens in London (Slippery, 1995)
London's great flood of 1937 (Lost April: The Flood of '37, 1997)
the history of London (Vagabonds and Visionaries: The London Story, 1998)
CBC-TV's Guy Lombardo: When We Danced, 1998
a Guelph, Ontario, promotional video (Guelph: City of Opportunity, 2000)
the British Royal visit of 1939 (A Great Day for London: The Royal Visit of 1939, 2000)
the history of the Grand Theatre, (Let's Go to the Grand!, 2001)
the history of the local TV station (Rewind: Fifty Years of Local Television), 2003)
the first 40 years of the London Knights hockey team (Green and Gold: 40 Seasons of the London Knights, 2005)
The Jack Chambers Film Project, 2005
Doty's historical documentary films earned his film company, Doty Docs, a total of six provincial and national awards.
He also wrote the commemorative book, Fifty Years of Music: The Story of EMI Music Canada, 1999, and was active in film restoration, bringing forgotten Canadian films and documentaries back to the public's attention. These have included Here Will I Nest, 1942, The Turkey Point Witch Project, 1962, and Guy Lombardo: A Royal Canadian, 1977.
Doty restored the only known print of Canada's first feature-length colour movie, Here I Will Nest and produced a series of historical minutes/ videos for The New PL TV-station (now the A-Channel, originally CFPL-TV), Rogers Television the City of London, Museum London and the Banting House Museum.
In 2003, Doty was instrumental in convincing the city to name a park in honour of London-born black actor Richard B. Harrison (1864–1935), in south-central London, as well as having an interpretive historical plaque erected in Richard B. Harrison Park.
Doty was also involved in local theatre as a playwright and a producer, including a dramatized recreation of The Donnelly Trial—the 1880 trial of alleged ringleader James Carroll for the mob killing of the notorious Black Donnellys of Biddulph Township north of London near Lucan, Ontario, on February 4, 1880—in the same courtroom in London's historic courthouse (now the Middlesex County building) where the trial occurred 126 years ago. The play had two possible endings that a jury, made up of 12 audience members, could determine depending on their verdict.
During Doors Open London, 2005, Doty played a key role in writing the scripts for the Lost Soul Stroll street theatre in downtown London whose theme was London's past, ghosts and hauntings.
The second play that Doty co-wrote and produced was about political-marijuana activist, Marc Emery, called Citizen Marc, The Adventures of Marc Emery.
In addition, Doty co-founded the Brickenden Awards in 2002 to recognize excellence in theatre in London, which Doty last attended on Monday, January 30, 2006, with The Donnelly Trial winning a Brickenden for the "Ballyhoo Award" (best advance promotion) and also one for best costumes (made by Barbara Hunter).
Death
The date of Doty's death is believed to be February 2, 2006, although his body was not discovered until a day later on February 3, 2006 in his home on Trevithen Street in south London — twenty-four hours before the final performance of Citizen Marc, which was playing downtown at the London Arts Project on Dundas Street. Doty's funeral home visitation at Donahue Funeral Home on February 6 and funeral service at Metropolitan United Church in London on February 7, 2006, were both attended by several hundred mourners, including members of London's media, arts-and-heritage communities. In June 2006, The Donnelly Trial was reprised by producer Grant Doty, Chris' younger brother, at the Old Middlesex County courthouse in memory of Chris Doty.
Legacy
Late in 2006, the London Arts Council established the Chris Doty Endowment Fund, a yearly cash award to be given to a local artist whose work involves local history.
External links
Doty's interest in murder and mayhem
James Reaney, Chris Doty Endowment Fund article, The London Free Press
Doty Docs
Canadian documentary filmmakers
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Journalists from Ontario
Film directors from London, Ontario
Writers from London, Ontario
Suicides by hanging in Ontario
University of Western Ontario alumni
1966 births
2006 suicides
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian historians
20th-century Canadian male writers
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3990292
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound%20armour
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Compound armour
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Compound armour was a type of armour used on warships in the 1880s, developed in response to the emergence of armor-piercing shells and the continual need for reliable protection with the increasing size in naval ordnance. Compound armour was a non-alloyed attempt to combine the benefits of two different metals—the hardness of steel with the toughness of iron—that would stand up to intense and repeated punishment in battle. By the end of the decade it had been rendered obsolete by nickel-steel armour. However, the general principle of compound iron was used for case-hardened armour, which replaced nickel-steel in the mid-1890s and is still used today.
Prior armours
Prior to the 1880s, all naval armour plating was made from uniform homogeneous wrought iron plates on top of several inches of teak to absorb the shock of projectile impact. A typical installation consisted of four to five inches of iron backed by thirty-six inches of solid wood timbers.
Various experiments were carried out in order to improve the armour, which included breaking up the armour into a laminate of several thinner layers of iron with wood between them, as well as various experiments with cast vs. wrought iron. In all of these experiments, simple blocks of wrought iron consistently proved to provide the best protection.
There had been several attempts to improve on iron with the addition of harder steels on the face, but these all failed for the same reason as the earlier laminate experiments; the ability for the armour to spread sideways into its softer backing allowed it to be penetrated more easily. In the case of steel facing, the problem was that the steel would not adhere well to the underlying iron, allowing it to shift or separate entirely.
In 1876 a competition was held by the Italian Navy at Spezia to trial new armours. By that point conventional iron armours had to be thick to stop contemporary naval artillery. The decisive winner was a new soft steel from the French firm of Schneider et Cie, but this proved to be prone to breakage when stressed, making it less useful in naval applications.
Compound armour
Compound armour was made from two different types of steel; a very hard but brittle high-carbon steel front plate backed by a more elastic low-carbon wrought iron plate. The front plate was intended to break up an incoming shell, whilst the rear plate would catch any splinters and hold the armour together if the brittle front plate shattered.
Steel plates positioned in front of iron plates had been tried unsuccessfully, for example in a trial by the Italian Navy at Spezia in 1876. The problem of welding them together was solved independently by two Sheffield engineers, A. Wilson of John Brown & Company and J. D. Ellis of Cammell Laird. Wilson's technique, invented in 1877, was to pour molten steel onto a wrought iron plate, whilst Ellis' was to position the two plates close together and pour molten steel into the gap. In both cases, the plate formed was rolled down to about half of the original thickness. The steel front surface formed about one-third of the thickness of the plate.
Compound armour was initially much better than either iron or steel plates, about a 25% improvement. Throughout the decade continuous improvements were made in techniques for manufacturing both compound armour and steel armour. Nevertheless by the end of the decade all-steel plates had decisively edged ahead of compound armour, and the latter had become obsolete. Two major reasons for this were the introduction of forged chrome-steel shot in 1886 and the discovery of nickel-steel alloys in 1889 which proved particularly effective as armour plate.
For instance, a trial by the French Navy at Gâvres in 1880 found compound armour superior to all-steel plates. An 1884 trial in Copenhagen found that there was little difference between the two types, although compound armour was subsequently ordered by the Danish Navy, probably because it was cheaper. At the same time a similar trial to select the armour of the Italian ironclad saw compound armour plate demolished by two shots of the 10-inch calibre guns which were to be fitted to the ship, whilst the same projectiles were shattered by 20 inches of French Creusot steel plate.
References
Sources
Armor and Ships: Journal of the United States Artillery (Fort Monroe, Virginia: Coast Artillery School Press, 1910), Issue 80, July-August 1906. At Google Books. Accessed 13 April 2012.
Gene Slover's US Navy Pages - Naval Ordnance and Gunnery, Chapter XII, Armor
Naval armour
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3990306
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni%20Morandi
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Gianni Morandi
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Gianni Morandi (; born 11 December 1944) is an Italian pop singer, actor and entertainer.
Early life
Gian Luigi Morandi was born in a little village called Monghidoro on the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. His father Renato was active within the Italian Communist Party and Gianni used to help him sell the party newspapers. At an early age Morandi worked as a shoe-shiner, cobbler and as a vendor of sweets in the village's only cinema. His vocal abilities led him to a number of small gigs, some of which were during the Communist Party’s activities.
Career
He made his debut in 1962 and quickly placed high at or won a number of Italian popular song festivals, including the Canzonissima festival in 1969. In 1962 he was signed by RCA Italiana and achieved national stardom with the song "Fatti mandare dalla mamma", and remained Italy’s darling throughout that decade.
In 1970, he represented Italy at the Eurovision Song Contest with "Occhi di ragazza". His career went into a decline in the 1970s but underwent a revival in the 1980s. He won the Festival of Sanremo in 1987 with "Si può dare di più" together with Enrico Ruggeri and Umberto Tozzi, placed second in 1995 and third in 2000 and 2022.
It is estimated that Morandi has sold 50 million recordings.
He has written a number of autobiographical books and appeared in 18 films. In TV he played Claude Jade's husband Davide in the 1984 TV series Voglia di volare. He also played as actor in several TV series, as well as the host in popular Italian television shows.
In 1966 he married actress Laura Efrikian, with whom he played in several Musicarelli films together. The couple divorced in 1979.
Morandi was chosen to be the presenter of Sanremo Music Festival 2011, together with Belén Rodriguez and Elisabetta Canalis. They were joined by comedians Luca Bizzarri and Paolo Kessisoglu from Italia 1's satire show Le Iene. In October 2011, he was confirmed as the presenter of the Sanremo Music Festival 2012.
At the beginning of 2016, Gianni Morandi started a tour called "Capitani Coraggiosi Tour" with Claudio Baglioni. A double album will be published on February 5. In 2017 he sang with Fabio Rovazzi the song "Volare", a big hit.
In 2019 his 1964 song "In ginocchio da te" gained renewed popularity as it was featured in one of the main scenes of the South Korean movie Parasite, which won four Oscars the following year, including Best Picture.
Morandi participated at the 2022 Sanremo Festival, where his song "Apri Tutte le Porte" finished in 3rd place, in a competition of 25 other singers.
Discography
Studio albums
Gianni Morandi (1963)
Ritratto di Gianni (1964)
Gianni 3 (1966)
Per amore... Per magia... (1967)
Gianni 4 - Un mondo d'amore (1967)
Gianni 5 (1968)
Gianni 6 (1970)
Gianni 7 (1970)
Un mondo di donne (1971)
Il mondo cambierà (1972)
Jacopone (1973)
Il mondo di frutta candita (1975)
Per poter vivere (1976)
Old Parade Morandi (1978)
Abbraciamoci (1979)
Cantare (1980)
Morandi (1982)
La mia nemica amatissima (1983)
Immagine italiana (1984)
Uno su mille (1985)
Le italiane sono belle (1987)
Dalla/Morandi (1988)
Varietà (1989)
Morandi Morandi (1992)
Morandi (1995)
Celeste azzurro e blu (1997)
Come fa bene l'amore (2000)
L'amore ci cambia la vita (2002)
A chi si ama veramente (2004)
Il tempo migliore (2006)
Canzoni da non perdere (2009)
Bisogna vivere (2013)
D'amore d'autore (2017)
Live albums
Cantare (1980)
Morandi in teatro (1986)
Live @RTSI Gianni Morandi (1999)
Grazie a tutti, il concerto (2009)
Capitani coraggiosi - Il live (2016)
Filmography
Awards and honors
Gianni Morandi has been honorary president of Bologna Football Club 1909 since 2010.
His songs "In ginocchio da te", "Non son degno di te" and "Scende la pioggia" were certified as having each sold over one million copies, and were awarded gold discs.
Asteroid 248970 Giannimorandi, discovered by Italian amateur astronomer Vincenzo Casulli in 2007, was named in his honor. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 November 2015 ().
References
External links
MorandiMania - Official site
Archivio di Rai Uno - Biography at raiuno.rai.it
1944 births
Living people
People from the Province of Bologna
Italian musicians
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Italy
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1970
Sanremo Music Festival winners
Italian television personalities
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3990318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20Country%20Central%20School%20District
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Middle Country Central School District
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The Middle Country Central School District (MCCSD) covers approximately in the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York, United States.
It is composed of the villages and hamlets of Centereach, Selden, parts of Lake Grove, Coram, Lake Ronkonkoma, Port Jefferson Station and Farmingville.
The district is currently composed of eight elementary schools, two Pre-kindergarten/Kindergarten Centers, two middle schools, and two high schools. The K-12 student enrollment projection for the 2009/10 school year was approximately 11,000 plus over 500 pre-kindergarten students.
History
Middle Country Central School District was formed in 1957 through the consolidation of the Centereach and Selden school districts (also known as School Districts 11 and 12 at the time, respectively). At the time, it consisted of five kindergarten rooms and 51 elementary classrooms.
At the time of consolidation, the area was going through unprecedented growth due to suburban spread. In 1954, for example, the Centereach School District faced a classroom-shortage crisis. It was solved only when local home developers (whose buyers and new area residents were causing the crisis) volunteered to build ten "one room schoolhouses" in one month's time, with a plan to later convert the buildings into residences. This "Unity Drive" project name was adopted by the elementary school (now a Pre-K/Kindergarten center) built nearby a few years later.
Suburban growth resulted in Middle Country becoming the fastest growing school district in the state.
The student population peaked in 1976 at 16,738.
Schools
High schools
Centereach High School
Newfield High School
Middle schools
Dawnwood Middle School is located at 10 43rd Street in Centereach. It educates around 1,200 students in grades 6-8 under principal Daniel Katchihtes. They were formerly known as the "Dragons" but, they are now known as the "Cougars". The "Cougars" are also the mascot of Centereach High School. The name "Dawnwood" derives from two of the early suburban developments in Centereach, Dawn Estates and Eastwood Village. Most students of Dawnwood go to Centereach High School after eighth grade.
Selden Middle School is located at 22 Jefferson Avenue in Centereach. It educates students in grades 6-8 under principal Andrew Bennet and assistant principals Ms. Baldwin and Ms. Oshrin. Formerly known as the "Seahawks", they are now known as the "Wolverines". Most students of Selden Middle School go to Newfield High School after eighth grade.
In both schools, in sixth grade, each student is assigned to a 'team' of, typically, three or more teachers, each teaching an essential academic class. The students typically rotate teachers throughout the day. Other classes are taught by teachers not assigned to a team. During the 2010/2011 school year, the schools decided to rename their mascots to reflect their high school affiliates.
Elementary schools
Eugene Auer Memorial Elementary School
Hawkins Path Elementary School
Holbrook Road Elementary School
Jericho Elementary School
New Lane Elementary School
North Coleman Road Elementary School
Oxhead Road Elementary School
Stagecoach Elementary School
Pre-K/Kindergarten Centers
Bicycle Path Pre-K/Kindergarten Center
Unity Drive Pre-K/Kindergarten Center
Board of Education
Current Board Members (As of July 01, 2022 are::
All of the members serve three year terms and all terms start at the first board meeting in July and expire on June 30.
Kathleen Walsh
Doreen Feldmann
Deborah Mann-Rodriguez
Arlene Barresi
John Debenedetto
Denise Haggerty
Robert Feeney
Robert Hallock
Dawn Sharrock
Three of the nine members are up for election every year and the school board election takes place on the 3rd Tuesday in May.
References
External links
Official site
Education in Suffolk County, New York
School districts in New York (state)
1957 establishments in New York (state)
School districts established in 1957
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3990322
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Breaking%20Point%20%281950%20film%29
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The Breaking Point (1950 film)
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The Breaking Point is a 1950 American film noir crime drama directed by Michael Curtiz and the second film adaptation of the 1937 Ernest Hemingway novel To Have and Have Not. (the first one having featured Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall). It stars John Garfield in his penultimate film role and Patricia Neal.
Plot
Harry Morgan (John Garfield) is a sport-fishing boat captain whose business is on the skids and whose family is feeling the economic pinch. He begins to work with a shady lawyer, Duncan (Wallace Ford), who persuades him to smuggle eight Chinese men from Mexico into California in his boat, the Sea Queen. Harry also meets a tramp by the name of Leona Charles (Patricia Neal). When his plan with Duncan goes wrong, Harry comes even more under the influence of the lawyer, who blackmails him into helping the escape of a gang of crooks, who pull a racetrack heist, by using his fishing boat to get them away from authorities. Harry convinces himself that his illegal activities will financially help his family. His wife, Lucy (Phyllis Thaxter), suspects Harry is breaking the law and urges him to stop for the sake of the family. Harry refuses and walks out.
As Harry waits for Duncan and the crooks on his boat, Harry's partner, Wesley Park (Juano Hernandez), arrives. Not wanting Wesley around when the crooks arrive, Harry tries to send him on an errand. The crooks arrive before Wesley leaves, though, and kill him. Harry is horrified, but is forced at gunpoint to transport the crooks out to open sea without drawing the attention of the Coast Guard. Harry also learns that Duncan was killed during the escape from the heist. Wesley's body is dumped overboard. Harry uses a ploy to get his hands on two guns he had hidden away prior to the journey and kills all the crooks in a dramatic shootout.
Harry, however, is critically wounded. Authorities find his boat the next day and tow it to port. Lucy rushes to Harry's side and tries to convince Harry to allow his arm to be amputated to save his life. Speaking with difficulty, Harry reaffirms his love for Lucy and then closes his eyes. Paramedics arrive and carry Harry's motionless body into an ambulance. As they walk away from the wharf, Lucy pleads with the Coast Guard officer for assurance that Harry will live. The officer says nothing, as sorrowful music plays on the soundtrack. In the final scene, Wesley's son, who was briefly introduced earlier in the film, stands alone on the dock looking around for his father.
Cast
John Garfield as Harry Morgan
Patricia Neal as Leona Charles
Phyllis Thaxter as Lucy Morgan
Juano Hernández as Wesley Park
Wallace Ford as F.R. Duncan
Edmon Ryan as Rogers
Ralph Dumke as Hannagan
Guy Thomajan as Danny
William Campbell as Concho
Sherry Jackson as Amelia Morgan
Donna Jo Boyce as Connie Morgan
Victor Sen Yung as Mr. Sing
Reception
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times, lauded the film when it was first released. He wrote, "Warner Brothers, which already has taken one feeble swing and a cut at Ernest Hemingway's memorable story of a tough guy, To Have and Have Not, finally has got hold of that fable and socked it for a four-base hit in a film called The Breaking Point, which came to the Strand yesterday. All of the character, color and cynicism of Mr. Hemingway's lean and hungry tale are wrapped up in this realistic picture, and John Garfield is tops in the principal role ... Some solid production and photography along the coast and in actual harbors for small boats round out a film which is gripping and pictorially genuine."
References
External links
The Breaking Point: All at Sea an essay by Stephanie Zacharek at the Criterion Collection
1950 films
1950 crime drama films
American crime drama films
American black-and-white films
Remakes of American films
1950s English-language films
Film noir
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by Ernest Hemingway
Films directed by Michael Curtiz
Films scored by Max Steiner
Films about the United States Coast Guard
Films with screenplays by Ranald MacDougall
Warner Bros. films
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3990325
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20C.%20Lukas
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Richard C. Lukas
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Richard Conrad Lukas (born 1937) is an American historian and author of books and articles on military, diplomatic, Polish, and Polish-American history. He specializes in the history of Poland during World War II.
Lukas is best known for The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944 (1986), a study of the wartime experiences of the Poles.
Early life and education
Lukas was born in Lynn, Massachusetts, to Pelagia Lukaszewski (née Kapuscinski) and her husband, Franciszek Lukaszewski. After receiving a BA in 1957, he worked as a research consultant, from 1957 to 1958, at the United States Air Force Historical Archives. He was awarded an MA in 1960 and a PhD from Florida State University in 1963, for a thesis entitled "Air Force Aspects of American Aid to the Soviet Union: The Crucial Years 1941–1942".
Career
Lukas worked at Tennessee Technological University for 26 years from 1963, first as an assistant professor until 1966, then associate professor until 1969, and professor from then until 1989. He moved from Tennessee that year to Wright State University, teaching at its Lake campus until 1992. After this he worked as an adjunct professor of history at the Fort Myers campus of the University of South Florida until retiring in 1995.
Publication history
As a graduate student, Lukas was a contributor to the project that resulted in the publication of Air Force Combat Units of World War II (1961).
Eagles East
Lukas' first book, Eagles East: The Army Air Forces and the Soviet Union, 1941-1945 (1970), a military-diplomatic study based on his doctoral dissertation, earned him the national history award of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
R.S.Hughes commended the book for its "extensive and detailed coverage of Allied-Soviet relations during World War II", and noted that it is particularly helpful for its discussion of the Lend-Lease program. Raymond L. Garthoff writes that it is a "useful study" and "recommended reading" for those interested in the political-military history of USA-USSR relations during World War II with regard to interactions between the U.S. Army Air Forces and the USSR.
James J. Hudson calls the book "an excellent example of military-diplomatic history". Sam Frank, in his review, writes that the book "reflects extensive research and effective writing. An excellent balance has been achieved between factual presentation and interpretation."
The Strange Allies and Bitter Legacy
Lukas wrote two scholarly books on Allied wartime and postwar relations with Poland. His book, The Strange Allies: Poland and the United States, 1941-1945 (1978) studied in-depth the relationship between the United States and the Polish government-in-exile and highlighted the impact of American Polonia in United States-Polish relations. The sequel to The Strange Allies was Bitter Legacy: Polish-American Relations in the Wake of World War II (1982), which dealt with postwar Polish history and Polish-American relations, as well as the aid that was extended to Poland after World War II.
The Forgotten Holocaust
The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944 (1986, with subsequent editions in 1997 and 2012) is Lukas' most famous work. It focuses on the sufferings of ethnic Poles in German- and Soviet-occupied Poland from 1939 to 1945.
The book received several positive reviews. A critical review by David Engel led to an extensive correspondence among Lukas, Engel, and other scholars in the Slavic Review.
Out of the Inferno
Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust (1989) is a volume edited by Lukas dealing with memoirs of Poles concerning the Holocaust. John Klier noted that the book is "a useful contribution" to the literature about The Holocaust in Poland Jerzy Jan Lerski called the book "timely", but noted it is the weakest of Lukas books up to date, criticizing it as "uneven, poorly organized and [lacking] focus".
Did the Children Cry?
Lukas's book Did the Children Cry?: Hitler's War Against Jewish and Polish Children, 1939–45 (1994) received the Janusz Korczak Literary Award from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL). The award was accompanied by a two-page analysis by the ADL describing why the book was "problematic in several ways". The biennial prize, awarded to books about children, was recommended by a panel of judges. The ADL decided to withdraw the prize ten days before the award ceremony but reinstated it when Lukas threatened to sue them. According to the ADL, the book "strongly understated the level of anti-Semitism in Poland. It also strongly overstated the number of people who rescued Jews." The ADL cancelled the award ceremony and mailed the $1000 US prize money to Lukas.
Karl A. Schleunes in his review of the book for The American Historical Review noted that it is dealing with an under-research topic, and is a valuable contribution to the studies of Germanization and the Holocaust. He notes that "Lukas makes it a point... to stress "the commonality of suffering of Jewish and Polish children", an effort in which he largely succeeds." Barbara Tepa Lupack writing for The Polish Review wrote that "Lukas in the current volume provides a gripping portrait of the Nazi's systematic genocide plan for all of Poland as well as an excellent analysis of the relationship between Poland's Jewish and gentile communities".
Forgotten Survivors
Lukas' continuing interest in the Polish tragedy during World War II culminated in his final volume, the Forgotten Survivors: Polish Christians Remember the Nazi Occupation (2004). Isabel Wollaston in her review of the book noted that "if approached as a memorial volume and/or a collection of oral histories, this is a fascinating book", but due to methodological issues and containing mostly primary accounts, "it should be handled with care and needs to be supplemented and contextualized from other sources if it is to be used for scholarly purposes".
Other work
Lukas has also published fiction.
Bibliography
Books
Air Force Combat Units of World War II (contributing author), USGPO, 1961; Franklin Watts, 1963.
Eagles East: The Army Air Forces and the Soviet Union, 1941-1945, Florida State University Press, 1970, .
From Metternich to the Beatles, Mentor, 1973, .
The Strange Allies: the United States and Poland, 1941-1945, University of Tennessee Press, 1978, .
Bitter Legacy: Polish-American Relations in the Wake of World War II, University Press of Kentucky, 1982, .
Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust, University Press of Kentucky, 1989, .
The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944, University of Kentucky Press, 1986; Hippocrene Books, 1990; second revised edition, 1997; third revised edition, 2012, .
Did the Children Cry: Hitler's War Against Jewish and Polish Children, 1939-1945, Hippocrene Books, 2001, .
Forgotten Survivors: Polish Christians Remember the Nazi Occupation, University Press of Kansas, 2004, .
Articles
"The Polish Experience during the Holocaust," in A Mosaic of Victims, New York University Press, 1990
"The Merchandising of the Holocaust", Catalyst magazine, Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, October 31, 1997
"Of Stereotypes and Heroes", Catalyst magazine, Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, July–August 2002
"Why Do We Allow Non-Jewish Victims to be Forgotten?"
"Their Legacy is Life", Canadian Messenger, 1991
"Jedwabne and the Selling of the Holocaust", Inside the Vatican, November 2001; reprinted in The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland, Princeton University Press, 2004
"Irena Sendler: World War II's Polish Angel", St. Anthony Messenger, August 2008
"Rozmowa z Prof. Richardem Lukasem" ("A Conversation with Prof. Richard Lukas"), Uwazam Rze Historia, wrzesień (September) 2012
"The Encounter" (fiction), Liguorian, March 2013
"God and Country: Catholic Chaplains during World War II", The Priest, June, 2014
"I'll Be Seeing You: The Warsaw Uprising and the Akins Crew", The Elks Magazine, June, 2014
"To Save a Life," The Priest, January 2015
"Marcus Shook: A Mississippi Hero," in Mississippi History Now, November 2016
"Don't Sit on the Torpedo!" (fiction), Liguorian, November 2017
Awards
He has received awards for his work:
National History Award of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (1971)
Fellow, American Council of Learned Societies, (1980)
Doctor of Humane Letters, from Alliance College, (1987)
Kosciuszko Foundation's Joseph B. Slotkowski Publication Fund Achievement Award
Order of Polonia Restituta, from the Government of Poland (1988)
Janusz Korczak Literary Award, from the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (1994)
American Council for Polish Culture Cultural Achievement Award (1994)
Waclaw Jedrzejewicz History Award, from the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America (2000)
The Catholic Press Association Award (2009)
Mieczyslaw Haiman Award, presented by the Polish American Historical Association, (2013)
Notes
External links
Richard C. Lukas's homepage
Bitter Legacy: Polish-American Relations in the Wake of the World War II - Book review.
Forgotten Survivors. Polish Christians Remember the Nazi Occupation - Book review, The Sarmatian Review, January 2006
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Living people
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Wright State University faculty
1937 births
Historians of Polish Americans
Historians of World War II
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Historians from Massachusetts
American male non-fiction writers
American people of Polish descent
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3990337
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard%20Br%C3%A9zin
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Édouard Brézin
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Édouard Brézin (; born 1 December 1938 Paris) is a French theoretical physicist. He is professor at Université Paris 6, working at the laboratory for theoretical physics (LPT) of the École Normale Supérieure since 1986.
Biography
Brézin was born in Paris, France, to agnostic Jewish parents from Poland. His father served in the French army during World War II and was taken prisoner by the Germans in 1940, but escaped, The family used false names and Brézin was hidden by farmers.
Brézin studied at École Polytechnique before doing a PhD. He worked at the theory division of the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique in Saclay until 1986.
Brezin contributed to the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter and high energy physics. He was a leader in critical behavior theory and developed methods for distilling testable predictions for critical exponents. In using field theoretic techniques in the study of condensed matter, Brezin helped further modern theories of magnetism and the quantum Hall effect.
Brézin was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences on 18 February 1991 and served as president of the academy in 2005–2006. He also is a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences (since 2003), a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (since 2002), a foreign member of the Royal Society (since 2006) and a member of the Academia Europaea (since 2003). He is a commander in the French National order of merit and an Officer of the Legion of Honor.
He is Chair of the Cyprus Research and Educational Foundation.
He was awarded the 2011 Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics together with John Cardy and Alexander Zamolodchikov.
In 2004 he won the Institute of Physics President's Medal.
Research work
Edouard Brezin's work is devoted to quantum field theory, mainly for applications in statistical physics. It uses the theoretical formulation of the renormalization group for critical phenomena (equation of states, scaling corrections, etc.). He showed that the low temperature phase, in the case of a continuous symmetry break, is described by a non-linear sigma model, leading to a development of critical exponents in powers of the minus two space dimension. He showed that the instantaneous method can be used to characterize the asymptotic behaviour of perturbation theory, thus allowing accurate theoretical estimates to be made. He has applied field theory techniques to condensed matter problems, such as critical wetting theory or the study of the phase transition from a normal metal to a type II superconductor under magnetic field. He became interested in theories of gauging with a large number of colors. This led to a representation of two-dimensional quantum gravity by random fluctuating surfaces or closed bosonic strings, in terms of random matrices. He showed that the continuous boundary of such models is linked to integrable hierarchies such as KdV flows. He has also worked on establishing the universality of eigenvalue correlations for random matrices.
Notable publications
Books
The large N expansion in quantum field theory and statistical physics, E Brezin and S Wadia, World Scientific (1993)
Introduction to statistical field theory, E Brezin, Cambridge University press (2010)
See also
List of members of the National Academy of Sciences
References
External links
Pr Brézin's page on the Academy's site
Pr Brézin's biography on the Academy's site
Communiqué of November 30, 2004 including a biography
1938 births
Living people
École Polytechnique alumni
École des Ponts ParisTech alumni
Corps des ponts
20th-century French physicists
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of Academia Europaea
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Officers of the French Academy of Sciences
20th-century French Jews
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3990340
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Yanow
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Scott Yanow
|
Scott Yanow (born October 4, 1954) is an American jazz reviewer, historian, and author.
Biography
Yanow was born in New York City and grew up near Los Angeles.
Since 1975, he was a regular reviewer of many jazz styles and was the jazz editor for Record Review. He wrote for many jazz and arts magazines, including JazzTimes, Jazziz, Down Beat, Cadence, CODA and the Los Angeles Jazz Scene. In September 2002, Yanow was interviewed on-camera by CNN about the Monterey Jazz Festival and wrote an in-depth biography on Dizzy Gillespie for AllMusic.com. He authored 11 books on jazz, over 800 liner notes for CDs and over 20,000 reviews of jazz recordings.
Yanow was a contributor to and co-editor of the third edition of the All Music Guide to Jazz. He continues to write for Downbeat, Jazziz, the Los Angeles Jazz Scene, the Jazz Rag and Jazz Inside.
Yanow has produced a series of CDs for the Allegro record label. He also hosted a regular radio show (Jazz After Hours) for KCSN-FM, and worked as the jazz listings editor for the Los Angeles Times.
Bibliography
Books
Duke Ellington (November 1999)
Swing (April 2000)
Bebop (August 2000)
Afro-Cuban Jazz (December 2000)
Trumpet Kings: The Players Who Shaped the Sound of Jazz Trumpet (August 2001)
Classic Jazz (December 2001)
Jazz on Film, The Complete History of the Musicians and Music Onscreen (October 2004)
Jazz on Record – The First Sixty Years (October 2003)
Jazz: A Regional Exploration (February 28, 2005)
The Jazz Singers: The Ultimate Guide (September 2008)
The Great Jazz Guitarists: The Ultimate Guide (April 2013)
Contributions to magazines
Cadence
Coda
Down Beat
Jazz Forum
Jazz Improv
JAZZIZ
Jazz News
Jazz Now
Jazz Times
Planet Jazz
Record Review
The Los Angeles Jazz Scene
The Mississippi Rag
The Jazz Report
Contributions to record labels
Allegro
Arbors Records
Brownstone
Collectors Classics
Candid Records
Challenge Records
Concord Records
Enja
Evidence Music
Fuel 2000
Good Time Jazz Records
Jazzed Media
Naxos Records
Pablo Records
Reservoir Records
Soundies
Starline
Storyville Records
Victor Entertainment
V.S.O.P.
Woofy
References
External links
Scott Yanow's official site
Scott Yanow's Page at the Jazz Network Worldwide.
AllMusic
Living people
American music journalists
Jazz writers
Writers from California
1954 births
Writers from New York (state)
Discographers
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3990344
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeshiva%20gedolah
|
Yeshiva gedolah
|
Yeshiva gedolah, known in the United States as bais medrash, is a type of yeshiva, a Jewish educational institution, which is aimed at post-secondary students in their later teens or younger twenties. This contrasts with a Yeshiva Ketana/Mesivta where students are typically in the early teens.
History
Israel and the United States
There are several differences between yeshiva gedolahs in Israel and the United States, the most blatant one being its name: in the United States, yeshiva gedolahs are referred to as bais medrash, the same name given to Torah study halls. Another difference is that while in most yeshivas in the United States, students graduate from mesivta after twelfth grade and then go on to yeshiva gedolah, Israeli mesivtas (known in Israel as yeshiva ketana or yeshiva tichonit) go until eleventh grade, after which the students graduate to yeshiva gedolah.
Structure
Seder
The day in yeshiva gedolahs (as well as in many mesivtas) is split into three parts, each one known as a seder (plural, sedarim). "First seder" or "morning seder" generally consists of in-depth Talmud study, known as iyun. This is done both in chavrusa fashion where students pair up to learn, and in a shiur where a rabbi expounds on the Talmud and it's commentaries. "Second seder" or "afternoon seder" is usually dedicated to learning Talmud b'kius - covering ground without delving into the commentaries. The learning at "Night seder", conducted after dinner and continuing into the night, differs between yeshivas, sometimes with the students continuing their studies from first seder and sometimes learning a different gemara than they do the rest of the day. Also incorporated into the day's schedule is a Halakha seder (often learning the Mishnah Berurah) and Musar seder, dedicated to learning musar (notably, the Brisk yeshivas in Jerusalem don't have official musar sedarim).
Mishmar
Thursday nights in yeshiva gedolahs often include Mishmar (or Seder Leil Shishi) where the students stay up the whole or most of the night learning. They also eat Shabbat food that night, including cholent.
Tracks
In larger yeshivas, the students are divided in tracks by age. The grades are known by the amount of years its students were in the yeshiva. For example, the youngest track which had just completed twelfth grade (and in Israel, eleventh grade) is called "first year," the grade above them is called "second year," and so on. Historically, the oldest grade was known as a "kibutz", and some yeshivas in Israel retain this tradition, calling their older grades kibutzs.
Shiur klali
Yeshiva gedolahs often include a shiur klali, meaning "comprehensive shiur", given by the rosh yeshiva to the entire yeshiva.
See also
Jewish day school
Mesivta
Yeshiva
References
Orthodox yeshivas
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3990353
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Britz
|
David Britz
|
David Alexander Britz (born November 23, 1980) is an American scientist and engineer who is best known for his contributions to the field of materials science and nanotechnology.
In 2004, Britz and his colleagues at Oxford and the University of Nottingham won a place in the Guinness Book of World Records for creating the world's smallest test tube, by performing chemical reactions inside of carbon nanotubes: "the nanotube has an inner diameter of approximately 1.2 nanometres, and a length of about 2 micrometers. Its volume is two zeptolitres (a zeptolitre is 10−21 litres), and around 2,000 molecules react in that space."
Britz graduated magna cum laude from the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science in Mechanical Engineering. He completed his Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science in the UK at the University of Oxford, Christ Church, Oxford college in the Department of Materials, and completed his doctoral thesis, titled "Structure and Bonding of Fullerenes and Nanotubes", in 2005. During his work at Oxford, David Britz created more than ten new carbon nanotube- and fullerene-based materials and processes. He has been awarded Honorable Mention for the 2002 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
Dave Britz also competed for Oxford University in the 2005 Varsity Boxing Match against Cambridge, earning a Full Blue.
Britz worked for the nanotechnology company Eikos in Franklin, Massachusetts, and developed carbon nanotube inks for highly conductive transparent coatings and circuits to be used in a variety of ways, including for use in solar cells, the commercial displays market, and military applications. He lives in Boston, Massachusetts.
David Britz participated in the 3M Strategic Business Development Summer Olympics in 2012.
External links
Article on David Britz in Nanotech Now
Tiny carbon cylinders set record
1980 births
Living people
American nanotechnologists
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
American scientists
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3990366
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens%20Velaro
|
Siemens Velaro
|
Siemens Velaro is a family of high-speed electric multiple unit trains built by Siemens and used in Germany, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Spain, China, Russia, and Turkey. The Velaro is based on the ICE 3M/F high-speed trains manufactured by Siemens for the Deutsche Bahn (DB). The Deutsche Bahn were the first to order Siemens high-speed trains; it ordered 13 of these units in 1994, the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) 4 units. The trains were delivered in 1999 for service. The trains were labeled and marketed as the Velaro by their manufacturer, Siemens.
Siemens developed its Siemens Velaro based on the ICE 3M/F. Spain's RENFE was the first to order Velaro trains, known as Velaro E, for their AVE network. China ordered wider versions for the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail (China Railways CRH3) and Russia for the Moscow–Saint Petersburg and the Saint Petersburg–Nizhny Novgorod routes (Velaro RUS/Сапсан). Since December 2013, the latest generation, Velaro D has been running in its home country, Germany. An evolution of this version named Velaro MS shall operate in Germany from December 2022.
In July 2006, a Siemens Velaro train-set (AVE S-103) reached , which was the world record for railed and unmodified commercial service trainsets.
Velaro E (AVE Class 103)
The Velaro E is a version of the Velaro family used by RENFE for operations in Spain. In 2001, RENFE ordered sixteen Velaros designated AVE Class 103. The order was later increased to a total of 26 trains. The trains serve the Barcelona–Madrid line at speeds up to for a travel time of 2 hrs 30 mins.
The first units were delivered in July 2005 and completed their first test runs in January 2006.
On 15 July 2006, a train achieved a top speed of between Guadalajara and Calatayud on the Madrid-Barcelona line. This is a Spanish record for railed vehicles. Until 3 December 2010 it was also a world record for unmodified commercial service trainsets, as the earlier TGV (world record of ) and ICE records were achieved with specially modified and shortened trainsets, and the Shinkansen (, 1996) record was for a test (non-commercial) trainset.
Velaro CN (CRH3C)
The Velaro CRH3C is a Chinese version of the Velaro. In November 2005, China ordered 60 trains for the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway. The eight-car trains are very similar to Spain's Velaro E, but wider to fit in almost 50% more seats in a 2 plus 3 layout. In the CRH3C version, a 200-metre-long Velaro train will seat 600 passengers. These trains were manufactured jointly by Siemens in Germany and CNR Tangshan in China. The first Chinese-built CRH3C was unveiled on 11 April 2008.
CRH3C reached a top speed of during a test on the Beijing to Tianjin high-speed railway on 24 June 2008.
Velaro RUS (RZD Sapsan)
The Velaro RUS is part of the Velaro family built for Russia. On 19 May 2006 Siemens announced an order from Russian Railways for eight Velaro RUS high-speed trains including a 30-year service contract. The contract is in total worth €600 million. The trains, connecting Moscow with Saint Petersburg, and later also Saint Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod (the service was temporarily discontinued from 1 June 2015 till 1 March 2018) at a speed of up to , are based on the ICE3 train standard but with bodies widened by to to take advantage of Russia's standard loading gauge. They are also built to the Russian track gauge, unlike other Velaro EMUs, which are standard gauge.
Four of the trains are for both 3 kV DC and operation. The total length of each ten-car train is , carrying up to 600 passengers.
Development and construction were carried out at Erlangen and Krefeld in Germany. Single-voltage EVS1 (3 kV DC) trains entered passenger service at the end of 2009 on the Moscow–St Petersburg route, and the dual-system EVS2 trains entered service on the Nizhniy Novgorod route in 2010.
It set a record for the fastest train in Russia on 2 May 2009, travelling at and on 7 May 2009, travelling at .
On 19 December 2011 an order for an additional 8 sets was signed in order to facilitate an increased number of services on existing lines and the expansion of new service elsewhere in the system.
Velaro D (DB Class 407)
The Velaro D is specifically designed for Deutsche Bahn international services from Germany. Designated DB's Class 407, it is designed to run at speeds up to 320 km/h (200 mph) and comply with Technical Specifications for Interoperability and enhanced crashworthiness requirements. There are fire-proof equipment rooms and fire doors between cars. Velaro D is designed to be quieter and more reliable than the ICE 3 (Class 403/406).
The train is also expected to use up to 20% less energy than previous versions of ICE. This is achieved in part by improved body styling. It does not have the ICE3's panorama lounge where passengers in the end coaches can see the tracks over the driver's shoulder. The Class 407 has 460 seats: 111 in first class, 333 in second class and 16 in the bistro car. In total this is 37 more seats than the ICE 3, even though the seat pitch is unchanged. This is achieved by putting the traction equipment in compartments at either end of the train instead of hiding it behind panels the length of the train. Unlike all previous ICE versions, the passenger seating is all open-plan and there are no compartments.
The eight-coach Class 407 trains can couple up and work with their Class 403 and Class 406 predecessors. Eight of the 16 bogies per train are powered, and there are four independent sets of traction equipment per train: if two of them break down, the train can still run. For full international flexibility across Europe, it can function on any of four voltages. The fleet will be based in Frankfurt.
In December 2008 Deutsche Bahn signed a €500 million order for 15 trainsets. The train's production stages were presented to the press in Krefeld on 28 April 2010, and three completed cars were displayed by Siemens on 22 September 2010 at InnoTrans. In June 2011, Deutsche Bahn ordered an additional Velaro D set (increasing the total to 16) in order to replace an ICE3MF set damaged in an accident in August 2010.
Velaro D was meant to go into service starting December 2011 on services from Frankfurt to southern France via the new LGV Rhin-Rhône, and subsequently within Germany and on other international services to France, Belgium, Switzerland and the Netherlands. Due to a series of delays in manufacturing and licensing no Velaro D trainsets were in service as of November 2012 and there was no schedule for their delivery. Only in December 2013 the first four trains delivered to DB were licensed for domestic operation as multiple units and started with passenger traffic. Four more trains were due to be delivered in spring 2014, whereas the remainder of eight trains shall be used for test runs in France and Belgium to gain type approval there.
The specification of the Velaro D allows its access to the Channel Tunnel, enabling DB to use it on the services it plans to operate from London to Amsterdam and Frankfurt. Deutsche Bahn submitted safety documentation for the operation of Velaro D high speed trainsets through the Channel Tunnel to the Intergovernmental Commission in July 2011, which in June 2013 granted a licence for passenger trains to DB.
In 2012 and 2013, Siemens discussed with Deutsche Bahn the delivery of one more Velaro D set, free of charge, as compensation for the delivery and certification delays. This train was originally built for test purposes and features a different propulsion setup, utilizing permanent magnet AC synchronous motors as opposed to the traditional AC asynchronous motors. Siemens stated that this will allow a reduction in the number of propulsion units per train, while still maintaining train performance.
Velaro MS (DB class 408)
In 2019 Deutsche Bahn felt the need of further trains able to run at 300 km/h or more for national and international use. Siemens offered its Velaro Novo which was under development and an evolution of the Velaro D designed for operation at 320 km/h and equipped with multi-system (MS) capability and hence labelled Velaro MS. Demanding a proven model Deutsche Bahn ordered 30 Velaro MS for delivery starting in 2022. The first of the trains called iCE 3 neo by Deutsche Bahn and classed as 408 was completed in late 2021 and presented to the public in February 2022. At the same time the order was increased by 43 trainsets, with all 73 trains supposed to be in service by early 2029.
Velaro e320 (Eurostar)
On 7 October 2010, it was reported that Eurostar had selected Siemens as preferred bidder to supply 10 Velaro e320 trainsets at a cost of €600 million (and a total investment of more than £700 million with the refurbishment of the existing fleet included) to operate an expanded route network, including services from London to Cologne and Amsterdam. These would be sixteen-car, long trainsets built to meet current Channel Tunnel regulations, and would not be the same as the Velaro D sets which Deutsche Bahn propose to operate services between Germany and London. The top speed will be and they will have 894-950 seats, unlike the current Eurostar fleet manufactured by the French Alstom, which has a top speed of and a seating capacity of 750. Total traction power will be rated at . On the British system they are classified as Class 374 units.
Velaro TR (TCDD HT80000)
The Velaro TR is a Velaro D derived 8-car standard gauge high-speed train for the Turkish State Railways (TCDD). The eight cars, totalling a length of 200 m, can accommodate 519 passengers and reach a top speed of 300 km/h. 25 kV 50 Hz AC power the train with a total of 8 MW.
In 2013 TCDD concluded three contracts with Siemens for the acquisition of 17 units in total (1 unit for the first, 6 for the second and 10 for the last contract) with a combined value of €685 million. Furthermore, Siemens would provide 7 years of maintenance and cleaning, and also provide a simulator. The Velaros are to be deployed on the Turkish high-speed railway network. The first Siemens Velaro (the only Velaro D type train of TCDD, code numbered HT80001) entered service on 23 May 2015 between Ankara-Konya. The second Velaro of TCDD, which is the first Velaro TR type train, with the code number HT80101 (this type of train was involved an accident in Ankara) arrived in Ankara on 17 February 2016.
Unlike the traditional white - red - dark blue color scheme used on the TCDD HT65000 high-speed trains, a white - turquoise - grey color scheme has been selected for the livery of TCDD's Velaro trains.
Velaro Egypt
In May 2022 it was announced the Egypt has ordered 41 Velaro 8-car sets, amongst other railway equipment, for a railway development.
Velaro Novo
The Velaro Novo is Siemens's concept for the next generation of high speed train. It was announced in June 2018, and the first sets could be in service in 2023. Velaro Novo would be lighter and more efficient than previous designs, with a top speed of 360 km/h.
Gallery
See also
Bombardier Zefiro
Alstom AGV
CAF Oaris
List of high-speed trains
References
External links
Velaro Background
Velaro Sell Sheet; archived
Updated Velaro Sell Sheet (2014)
Velaro E specification sheet; download, archived
Siemens Velaro RUS Sell Sheet
Velaro CN Data Sheet; archived
Velaro developmental history and technical details Siemens Page
Velaro D Technical details Siemens Page
More Velaro D Tech details (Includes TE curve graph)
Velaro e320 technical specifications
Interactive 360° virtual tour of the Velaro E
High-speed trains
Velaro
Proposed British rail vehicles
Train-related introductions in 1999
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3990377
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finding%20John%20Christmas
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Finding John Christmas
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Finding John Christmas is a 2003 American made-for-television fantasy drama film that first aired on CBS. The film is a sequel to the 2001 television movie A Town Without Christmas.
Plot
When a photojournalist (David Cubitt) in the fictional Bay City photographs a mysterious stranger performing an act of bravery, the act quickly becomes headline news and the town dubs the stranger "John Christmas". After seeing the photo, Kathleen McAllister (Valerie Bertinelli) becomes convinced that the mysterious stranger is in fact her long-lost brother Hank (William Russ), a former firefighter. With the town's help, Kathleen and Noah set about to find the stranger's true identity with the help of Max (Peter Falk), a Christmas angel.
Filmed in Nova Scotia, Canada, the film featured a scene of a burning school based on the real Our Lady of the Angels School fire in Chicago, Illinois in 1958.
Cast
Valerie Bertinelli.....Kathleen McAllister
David Cubitt.....Noah Greeley
Peter Falk.....Max
William Russ.....Hank McAllister
Jeremy Akerman.....Antonovitch
David Calderisi.....Dr. Merkatz
Patricia Gage.....Eleanor McAllister
Michael Hirschbach.....Dr. Flynn
Jennifer Pisana.....Soccoro Greeley
Maria Ricossa.....Marcy Bernard
See also
List of Christmas films
List of films about angels
References
External links
Finding John Christmas at CBS.com
2003 television films
2003 films
American Christmas drama films
English-language films
2000s fantasy drama films
Television sequel films
CBS network films
Films shot in Nova Scotia
Films directed by Andy Wolk
Christmas television films
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3990379
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Ser
|
Joseph Ser
|
Joseph Ser (1875–1954) was a French mathematician, of whom little was known till now. He published 45 papers between 1900 and 1954, among which four monographs, edited in Paris by Henry Gauthier-Villars. In the main, he worked on number theory and infinite series.
He got important results in the domain of factorial series. His representation of Euler's constant as a series of rational terms is well known. It was used in 1926 by Paul Appell (1855–1930), in an unsuccessful attempt to prove the irrationality of Euler's constant.
References
Ser, Joseph : Sur une expression de la fonction ζ(s) de Riemann (Upon an expression for Riemann's ζ function). CRAS (Paris) vol.182(1926),1075-1077
Ayoub, Raymond G.: Partial triumph or total failure ? The mathematical Intelligencer, vol.7, No 2(1985),55-58. This paper explains exactly Appell's mistake (4 - Appell and the irrationality of Euler's constant).
French mathematicians
1875 births
1954 deaths
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3990380
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20re-armament
|
British re-armament
|
British re-armament was a period in British history, between 1934 and 1939, when a substantial programme of re-arming the United Kingdom was undertaken. Re-armament was necessary, because defence spending had gone down from £766 million in 1919–20, to £189 million in 1921–22, to £102 million in 1932.
Ten Year Rule
After World War I, dubbed "The War To End All Wars” and “The Great War”, Britain (along with many other nations) had wound down its military capability. The Ten Year Rule said that a "great war" was not expected in the next ten years with the belief in its impossibility and the folly of preparing for it. Britain, therefore, made almost no investment at all in the development of new armament. The British Admiralty, however, requested the suspension of this rule when Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931. The policy was officially abandoned on 23 March 1932 by the Cabinet, four months before Adolf Hitler's Nazis became the largest party in the German Reichstag. A statement released cautioned that the decision was not an endorsement of increased armament spending, citing the grave economic situation in Britain and also indicating the British commitment to the arms limitations being promoted by the World Disarmament Conference, an event coinciding with the announcement.
There are sources who describe the British re-armament immediately after the abrogation of the Ten Year Rule as uncertain, hovering between disarmament and re-armament. Even after the collapse of the League of Nations in 1935, the re-armament policy has been tempered by appeasement.
Collapse of international disarmament
Germany was not considered a threat during the 1920s, but the situation changed radically when Hitler came to power in 1933 and withdrew Germany from the League of Nations and the Geneva Disarmament conference.
In October 1933, when the failure of the Disarmament Conference was evident, a Defence Requirements Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence was appointed to examine the worst deficiencies of the armed forces. The group first considered the Far East, but soon looked at dangers nearer home.
Re-armament
Government-backed "Shadow Factories", generally privately owned but subsidised by the government, were established to increase the capacity of private industry; some were also built by the government. Similarly, Agency Factories supplemented the Royal Ordnance Factories.
Royal Air Force
In the mid-1930s, the Royal Air Force's front-line fighters were biplanes, little different from those employed in World War I. The re-armament programme enabled the RAF to acquire modern monoplanes, like the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire, such that sufficient numbers were available to defend the UK in the Battle of Britain in 1940, during the early stages of World War II.
Royal Navy
Re-armament also led to the Royal Navy acquiring five new battleships of the King George V class, and modernising existing battleships to varying extents. Whereas ships such as and were completely modernised, others such as , the Nelson class, the Royal Sovereign class, HMS Barham, and HMS Repulse were largely unmodernised - lacking improvements to horizontal armour, large command towers and new machinery.
Equally importantly, aircraft carriers of the Illustrious class and a series of large cruiser classes were ordered and expedited. Britain also accelerated building programmes such as the Singapore Naval Base, which was completed within three and a half years instead of five.
British Army
The British Army was supplied with modern tanks and weapons, for example howitzers, and the Royal Ordnance Factories were equipped to produce munitions on a large scale.
See also
German re-armament
Ten Year Rule
References
Further reading
External links
UK War Production
1930s in the United Kingdom
Government munitions production in the United Kingdom
Technological races
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3990382
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin%20Mosei
|
Lin Mosei
|
Lin Mosei (; born 30 October 1887, disappeared 11 March 1947) was a Taiwanese academic, educator, and the first Taiwanese to receive a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree. He was additionally an esteemed calligrapher, and was a baptized Christian.
Lin disappeared within days of the February 28 Incident in Taiwan in 1947; he is generally believed to have been killed as a part of Chinese Nationalist Party's crackdown after the island-wide civilian uprising.
Lin's second son, Lin Tsung-yi, was an academic and educator in psychiatry.
Timeline
1887 – Born in the city of Tainan-fu, Qing Taiwan (present-day Tainan, Taiwan), to a Presbyterian minister
1916 – B.A. in philosophy from the Tokyo Imperial University. He was the first Taiwanese graduate at the university.
1928 – M.A. in literature from Columbia University in New York. He studied under John Dewey and Paul Monroe.
1929 – Ph.D. in education from Columbia. His doctoral dissertation was entitled Public Education in Formosa Under the Japanese Administration: A Historical and Analytical Study of the Development and the Cultural Problems. The paper, written in English, was not translated into Chinese until 2000.
1945 – Became Dean of Arts at the National Taiwan University in Taipei.
1947 – Disappeared on March 11.
References
External links
1887 births
February 28 incident
20th-century Taiwanese educators
Taiwanese calligraphers
Taiwanese university and college faculty deans
Taiwanese Presbyterians
Year of death uncertain
People from Tainan
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
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3990388
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20W.%20Carter
|
John W. Carter
|
John W. Carter was a partner in Carter's Ink Company in Boston and later Cambridge, Massachusetts, from 1865 until his death by drowning in 1895. The firm was founded by his cousin, William Carter.
His son, Richard B. Carter, ran the company from 1905 until his death in 1949. The company was sold in 1975 to Dennison Manufacturing Company, now Avery Dennison Corporation. The Carter's brand name survives on some of its products.
See also
Avery Dennison Corporation
Fountain pen and ink manufacturers
1895 deaths
Year of birth missing
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3990398
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20B.%20Hammond
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Andrew B. Hammond
|
Andrew Benoni Hammond (July 22, 1848– January 15, 1934) was an American lumberman. He developed the Missoula Mercantile Co. He built the Bitterroot Valley Railroad and the Astoria & Columbia River Railroad. He was president of the Hammond Lumber Co. and the Hammond Steamship Co.
Biography
Hammond was born in Saint-Léonard, New Brunswick, Canada on July 22, 1848. He left home at 16 years old to work in the logging camps of Maine and Pennsylvania. He arrived in Montana in 1867, worked as a woodcutter and store clerk, eventually becoming a partner in the mercantile firm of Bonner, Eddy and Company. Under Hammond's management this became the Missoula Mercantile Company, the largest mercantile between St. Paul and Portland. Hammond Lumber Company was founded when Hammond purchased the Samoa sawmill, the largest mill in Humboldt County in 1900.
He built the Bitterroot Valley Railroad, the Philipburg Railroad, and the Astoria & Columbia River Railroad. He was president of the Hammond Lumber Co. and the Hammond Steamship Co.
Hammond and his partners received the contract to build the intermountain section of the Northern Pacific railway line, from Helena to Spokane. In the 1890s, Hammond moved to the West Coast and built two more railroads. In 1900, he began to assemble one of the largest lumber companies on the West Coast, including the world's largest redwood lumber company and the world's largest lumber yard in Los Angeles.
During World War I, Hammond was the largest supplier of Sitka spruce wood to the U.S. Army, which needed it to manufacture airplanes.
Hammond is most known for his role in the poaching of federal timber during his years in Montana, and his anti-union efforts during the early twentieth century. Ironically, much of the Hammond Lumber Company lands that were illegally acquired under the federal Timber and Stone Act in Humboldt County eventually formed the bulk of Redwood National and State Parks.
In 1956, Hammond's heirs sold the company's California stakes to Georgia-Pacific.
Death and legacy
Hammond died on January 15, 1934, in San Francisco, California, at age 85.
He married Florence Abbott in 1879, in Missoula. They had a son, Leonard C. Hammond., who was a flying ace in World War I.
The community of Hammond, Oregon was named for him, and his wife gave her name to Florence, Montana.
SS A. B. Hammond a liberty ship built by California Shipbuilding Corporation of Los Angeles, is named after him.
Hammond Shipping Company
Hammond opened the Hammond Shipping Company with ships to transport his lumber products. In 1929 the line was called the Christenson-Hammond Lines.
Hammond Shipping Company wooden ships built at Hammond Lumber in Fairhaven, California built: (Hammond Lumber purchased the shipyard in 1910 and sold yard in 1919)
Necanicum built in 1912 fate Scrapped 1939
Mary Olson built in 1913 fate Burnt at Cienfuegos in 1919
Santiam built in 1916 fate Burnt at Aberdeen in 1936
Flavel built in 1917 fate Wrecked off Carmel in 1923
Trinidad built in 1918 fate Wrecked off Willapa in 1937
Halco built in 1918 fate Wrecked off Grays Harbor in 1925
World War II
During World War II Hammond Shipping Company was active in charter shipping with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. The ship was run by its Hammond Shipping Company crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio. The most common armament mounted on these merchant ships were the MK II 20mm Oerlikon autocannon and the 3"/50, 4"/50, and 5"/38 deck guns.
Merchant navy ships:
SS A. B. Hammond
SS Alfred Victory
SS Gretna Victory
SS Grinnell Victory
SS Marquette Victory
SS Bessemer Victory
SS American Victory, now a museum ship
SS Walter Wyman
SS Josiah Earl
SS Robert G. Cousins
SS Edward Bates, sank in 1944 after torpedo
SS Arcata, sank off Alaska by the Japanese submarine I-7.
Companies
Hammond owned or had the controlling interest in:
Missoula Mercantile, retail store
Big Blackfoot Milling Co.
Flour mill at Bonner
Grain elevators in western Montana
Missoula Real Estate Association, owners of Florence Hotel and the Hammond Block
First National Bank of Montana
South Missoula Land Company, residential homes on the Clark Fork River
Missoula Water Works and Milling Company
Missoula Street Railway Company, horse drawn cars
Missoula Publishing Company owners of the Missoulian
Missoula Valley Improvement Company, owners the local cemetery
Hammond Shipping Company
Hammond Lumber Company
Footnotes
Further reading
Gordon, Greg. A.B. Hammond and Chief Charlot: Crossroads of Change in Western Montana. Missoula, MT: G. Gordon, 2007.
Gordon, Greg. When Money Grew on Trees: A.B. Hammond and the Age of the Timber Baron. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014.
Cornwall, George M. "The Passing of a Stalwart Lumberman." Timberman, vol. 35 (January 1934), pg. 62.
McKinney, Gage. "A. B. Hammond, West Coast Lumberman." Journal of Forest History, vol. 28 (October 1984), pp. 196–203.
McKinney, Gage. "A Redwood Giant of the Past." Merchant, vol. 56 (March 1978), pp. 16–17, 57, 68–71.
Mengel, Lowell S. "A. B. Hammond Built a Vast Timber Empire." Humboldt Historian, vol. 36 (November/December 1985), pp. 6–9.
Stoddard, Bill. "Hammond in the Tillamook." Columbia River & Pacific Northwest Timberperson, vol. 2 (Winter 1983), pp. 6–9, 12–14.
Thompson, Dennis Blake. "Hammond's 17: Surviving the Gap." Tall Timber Short Lines, vol. 80 (Fall 2005), pp. 29–33.
External links
http://www.armed-guard.com/pbtnh.html THE PEOPLE BEHIND THE NAMES
1848 births
1934 deaths
History of Missoula, Montana
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3990401
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake%20McDorman
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Jake McDorman
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John Allen McDorman IV (born July 8, 1986) is an American actor. On television, he headlined the CBS comedy-drama Limitless (2015–2016) and was the male lead of the sitcoms Are You There, Chelsea? (2012) and Manhattan Love Story (2014). He was also a series regular on the ABC Family comedy-drama Greek (2007–2011), the fourth season of the Showtime comedy-drama Shameless (2014), the revival of the CBS sitcom Murphy Brown (2018), and the Disney+ historical drama The Right Stuff (2020) as Alan Shepard.
Early life
McDorman was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Deborah Gale (née Stallings) and John Allen McDorman III. He has a younger sister, Morgan, and an older half-sister, Amanda. McDorman studied acting at the Dallas Young Actors Studio and Nancy Chartier's Film and Acting Studio. He attended Richardson High School, Westwood Junior High and Northwood Hills Elementary in Texas.
Career
McDorman starred in the Fox sitcom Quintuplets from 2004 to 2005, and later guest-starred on House, CSI: Miami and Cold Case. He made his film debut in the 2005 thriller Echoes of Innocence, and later has appeared in Aquamarine, Bring It On: All or Nothing and Live Free or Die Hard. From 2007 to 2011, McDorman starred as Evan Chambers in the ABC Family teen drama series Greek. He also played the lead role in the 2011 Lifetime movie The Craigslist Killer.
In 2012, McDorman played the male lead role opposite Laura Prepon in the short-lived NBC sitcom Are You There, Chelsea?. He later joined the cast of Showtime comedy-drama, Shameless as Mike Pratt. He starred in the film See You in Valhalla opposite Sarah Hyland, and in 2014 co-starred in Clint Eastwood's film American Sniper. Also in 2014, McDorman was cast in the male lead role opposite Lio Tipton in the ABC romantic comedy series, Manhattan Love Story. In 2015, he starred in CBS's Limitless as Brian Finch, a young man who uses a mysterious drug called "NZT" to enhance his intelligence to help the FBI solve cases. The TV series continued the story of the motion picture of the same name. The show was cancelled after one season.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
American male child actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Dallas
21st-century American male actors
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3990403
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Fiennes
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Martha Fiennes
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Martha Maria Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (; born 5 February 1964) is an English film director, writer and producer. Fiennes is best known for her films Onegin (1999), which starred her elder brother, Ralph, and Chromophobia (2005).
Career
Fiennes made her directorial debut with the film Onegin – an adaptation of Alexander Pushkin's verse novel Eugene Onegin, which starred her brother Ralph in the title role. The film received much praise, and she won the Best Director Award at the Tokyo Film Festival and the Best Newcomer at the London Film Critics' Circle. Following Onegin, Fiennes wrote her second feature film, Chromophobia – an original multi-stranded drama, which comprised an all star cast and which closed the Cannes Film Festival of 2005.
Personal life
Fiennes was born in Suffolk, England to photographer Mark Fiennes (1933–2004) and novelist Jennifer Lash (1938–1993). Her siblings are actors Ralph Fiennes and Joseph Fiennes, documentary film maker Sophie Fiennes, composer Magnus Fiennes, and Jacob Fiennes, a conservationist. She has a foster brother, Michael Emery, an archaeologist.
She has three children with George Tiffin: Titan Nathaniel Fiennes Tiffin (born 26 August 1995), Hero Beauregard Faulkner Fiennes Tiffin (born 6 November 1997) and Mercy Jini Willow Fiennes Tiffin (born 15 October 2001).
Her son Hero, at the age of nine, played a young version of his uncle Ralph's character, Lord Voldemort, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Her daughter Mercy was featured in the 2008 film, The Duchess as the Duchess of Devonshire's daughter, Georgiana (Little G).
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
External links
UK
Martha Fiennes judged The Film of the Month competition in April 2009 on the independent filmmakers networking site Shooting People.
1964 births
Living people
British people of English descent
English film directors
English film producers
English people of Scottish descent
English people of Irish descent
English women film directors
Martha
People from Suffolk
People educated at St Mary's School, Shaftesbury
People educated at Lady Margaret School
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3990404
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hounddog%20%28film%29
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Hounddog (film)
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Hounddog is a 2007 American coming-of-age drama film written, directed, and produced by Deborah Kampmeier and starring Dakota Fanning, Isabelle Fuhrman, Robin Wright Penn, and Piper Laurie, among others. It is also Isabelle Fuhrman's debut film. Penn also serves as an executive producer. The film was produced by Raye Dowell, Jen Gatien, and Terry Leonard. It premiered in competition at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival, and was given a limited release in 11 North American theaters on September 19, 2008.
Shot near Wilmington, North Carolina and taking place in the late 1950s in rural Alabama, the film stars Fanning as Lewellen, "a troubled 12-year-old girl who finds solace from an abusive life through music of Elvis Presley."
The film was panned by critics, due in part to a controversial scene in which Fanning's character is raped. The film was also a box office failure, grossing only $131,961, against an estimated $3.75 million production budget.
Plot
In 1956, a girl named Lewellen lives with her stern, religious grandmother who is known as Grannie, who has taken it upon herself to raise the girl, as neither of Lewellen's parents can provide her a stable home. Her father, Lou, loves her and tries to please her, giving her gifts such as Elvis Presley recordings. Although he battles with alcoholism, he tries his best to give Lewellen a stable home. He even tries to provide a motherly figure in Lewellen's life by dating a mysterious girlfriend, Ellen, who promised one night to rescue Lewellen from life in the rural South should the relationship falter. We later learn that Ellen is in fact Lewellen's aunt, her mother's sister.
Lewellen is able to maintain her innocence by finding consolation in playing with her best friend Buddy, idling away her last pre-teen summer with typical outdoor rural pastimes such as swimming in the pond and exploring the woods, meeting a new friend, Gwendalyn (often known as either Wanda or Grasshopper), who is spending the summer with her grandparents. Lewellen begins to idolize Elvis Presley, even more so after she learns he is making a homecoming tour in the South. Her town is one of the venue stops. Lewellen finds that singing Elvis' music is a way to channel her trauma into something constructive and creative. Charles (Afemo Omilami) acts as a mentor, imparting wisdom of his snake handler religion to explain this emotional channelling to her — in other words, how to create something positive out of something venomous and deadly.
Lewellen is challenged by many problems besides living in a "broken home". Ellen leaves one day and breaks Lewellen's heart, burdening her with the responsibility to be a "mother" despite not having one herself. Her father suffers a terrible accident, and is handicapped to the point of infantile retardation, but the thought of Elvis coming to town gives her the resolve to carry on despite this newest of many traumatic circumstances. Buddy tells Lewellen that Wooden's Boy has an Elvis ticket and is willing to give it to her if she does her Elvis dance for him, naked. When she finds out the deal, she questions doing such an act for a moment. She then agrees to do the act. Unbeknownst to Lewellen while she is dancing - Wooden's Boy unzips his trousers - she asks for her ticket, but Wooden's Boy instead rapes her.
The sexual assault causes life-threatening emotional trauma, that manifests as an illness. Her loved ones, Charles and Grannie, are distressed by her sudden decline in health. In fits of feverish illness, she hallucinates she is being attacked by venomous snakes, and she also vomits after church. Enraged by hearing the cause of Lewellen's descent into figurative hell, Charles overhears Buddy talking to Wooden's Boy about what he had done to her, he then resolves to rescue his young friend from the depths of despair and tries to help her reclaim her stolen paralyzed voice by encouraging her to sing "Hound Dog". He nurses her back to health. Ellen soon returns to the town to keep her promise to Lewellen. Lewellen bids farewell to her father and departs for a better life with her new mother.
Cast
Dakota Fanning as Lewellen
Isabelle Fuhrman as Gwendalyn "Grasshopper"
Piper Laurie as Grannie
Jill Scott as Big Mama Thornton
David Morse as Lou
Robin Wright Penn as Ellen
Christoph Sanders as Wooden's Boy
Cody Hanford as Buddy
Afemo Omilami as Charles
Ryan Pelton as Elvis Presley
Sean A. Wallace as Boy
Reception
The film garnered a great deal of attention, and generated intense controversy, owing to the use of a very young actress in a role that included a rape scene far before reaching a consent age. Though the scene only showed Fanning's face and her character's reaction to the trauma of the act, it became known as the "Dakota Fanning rape movie" at the Sundance Film Festival. Fanning expressed ire towards the attacks against her family, most of which she said were directed toward her mother.
Because of the outcry over Hounddog, North Carolina State Senator and minority leader Phil Berger called for all future films made in North Carolina to have their scripts approved in advance if they are to get the normal production subsidy from the state. Berger says that he has not seen the film but is acting in response to what he has read about it.
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 15% based on reviews from 54 critics, with the website's consensus stating: "Despite a noble effort from Dakota Fanning, Hounddog is overwrought, cliche-ridden and downright exploitative."
Fanning was praised for her performance by Roger Ebert, who compared it to Jodie Foster's in Taxi Driver.
Box office
In its opening weekend of September 19–21, 2008, the film took in $13,744 in 11 theaters. It grossed $131,961 in its entire run.
References
External links
2007 films
2007 drama films
American coming-of-age films
American drama films
English-language films
Films set in 1956
Films about rape
Films set in Alabama
Films shot in North Carolina
American independent films
Obscenity controversies in film
Films about child sexual abuse
Films about child abuse
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3990409
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munga-Thirri%E2%80%93Simpson%20Desert%20National%20Park
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Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert National Park
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Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert National Park, part of which was formerly Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert Conservation Park, Simpson Desert Conservation Park, and Simpson Desert National Park, is a protected area located in the far north of the Australian state of South Australia, near its border with Queensland and the Northern Territory. it is the largest national park in Australia, covering .
Location
The park is about north of the state capital of Adelaide and above north-east of the town of Oodnadatta.
History
The conservation park occupied land within the Simpson Desert in the gazetted locality of the same name. It was bounded by the borders of the Northern Territory and Queensland to its north and by the Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert Regional Reserve to its west, south and east.
The land within the boundaries of the conservation park first obtained protected area status on 14 December 1967 as a national park proclaimed under the National Parks Act 1966 as the Simpson Desert National Park. On 27 April 1972, the national park was reconstituted as the Simpson Desert Conservation Park upon the proclamation of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. As of 2018, it covered an area of .
On 2 August 2018, the conservation park's name was altered by the Government of South Australia to Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert Conservation Park.
In an unprecedented move, the park and the Simpson Desert Regional Reserve were closed to public access by the state government from 1 December 2008 to 15 March 2009 due to extreme heat during the Australian summer.
The conservation park was classified as an IUCN Category Ia protected area In 1980, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.
The conservation park, along with the Simpson Desert Regional Reserve and Witjira National Park, was described as a protected area representing one of the world's best examples of dunal desert. A wide variety of desert flora and fauna are protected in a landscape of varied dune systems, extensive playa lakes, spinifex grasslands and Acacia woodlands. These trees soak up water from underground water springs.
National park
A new national park was created by combining the Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert Conservation Park with the Regional Reserve in November 2021, creating Australia's largest national park. At , it is double the size of Kakadu National Park, and four times the size of Yellowstone National Park in the US.
See also
Protected areas of South Australia
Munga-Thirri National Park
Simpson Desert Important Bird Area
References
External links
National parks of South Australia
1967 establishments in Australia
2021 establishments in Australia
Protected areas established in 1967
Protected areas established in 2021
Far North (South Australia)
South Australian places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
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3990416
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Wheeler%2C%20Texas
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Ben Wheeler, Texas
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Ben Wheeler is an unincorporated community in Van Zandt County, Texas, United States. It lies twelve miles southeast of Canton, and has an estimated population of 400.
History
The area around Ben Wheeler was first settled in the 1840s by Kentucky farmer Benjamin F. Wheeler. Originally known as Clough, after prominent local farmer George W. Clough, the community was renamed Ben Wheeler in 1878 after the town's post office was relocated to the present townsite. The community was beset by many hardships in its early years, including an 1893 fire which destroyed most of the town's businesses. By 1896 the population reached 500, but disaster struck again by way of a smallpox epidemic that reduced the number of residents to 238 by 1904. Somewhat insulated from the effects of the Great Depression by the East Texas Oil Boom, Ben Wheeler had 18 businesses and a population of 375 in 1943. As the oil boom subsided and area cotton production fell, however, Ben Wheeler began a decline which led to the closing of all but nine area businesses by 1972, and the consolidation of its schools with those in nearby Van. By 1988, however, buoyed by the growth of nearby Tyler and Canton, the number of operating businesses in Ben Wheeler had risen to twenty-two and in 2000 the community was home to an estimated 400 residents.
2011 tornado
On Wednesday, April 27, 2011, a moderate tornado with sustained winds of 90-100 mph struck the communities of Ben Wheeler and Edom, Texas. Three structures were destroyed and upwards of another one hundred structures damaged.
Education
Ben Wheeler is served by the Van Independent School District.
Restoration and Revival
Brooks and Rese Gremmels started the Ben Wheeler Arts & Historic District Foundation. It is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) corporation, designed to restore old buildings and shops in downtown Ben Wheeler.
Annual Feral Hog Festival
Every year on the 4th weekend in October the community celebrates their feral hog population with festivities held downtown. Events include a parade and hog queen contest as well as many other activities and food provided by local businesses.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ben Wheeler has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
References
External links
Ben Wheeler, Tx at Handbook of Texas Online
Ben Wheeler official home page
Unincorporated communities in Van Zandt County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas
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3990435
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Brunning
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Bob Brunning
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Robert Brunning (29 June 1943 – 18 October 2011) was a British musician who was, as a small part of a long musical career, the original bass guitar player with the blues rock band Fleetwood Mac.
Career
Fleetwood Mac
When Peter Green left the Bluesbreakers in 1967, he decided to form his own group, naming it Fleetwood Mac after the rhythm section he wanted for the band – Mick Fleetwood and John McVie. Fleetwood joined up straight away, and slide guitar player Jeremy Spencer was recruited, but McVie preferred to stay with the Bluesbreakers, where he was earning a regular wage. In the meantime, Green hired Brunning on a temporary basis, hoping that McVie would change his mind. During this period, Brunning played with Fleetwood Mac at the Windsor Jazz and Blues Festival.
After a few weeks McVie did change his mind, claiming that Bluesbreakers leader John Mayall was turning too far in the direction of jazz for his liking; hence, McVie joined, and Brunning stood down. Brunning did contribute bass guitar to one track on Fleetwood Mac's debut album Fleetwood Mac, "Long Grey Mare".
Savoy Brown and teaching career
After his stint in Fleetwood Mac, he joined Savoy Brown before embarking on a career in teaching, training at The College of St. Mark & St. John, Chelsea. His teaching career lasted 30 years and included appointments as the headmaster of Clapham Manor Primary School, Lambeth in the 1980s and Churchill Gardens Primary School, Pimlico in the 1990s. He did not abandon music, however, and played in the Brunning Sunflower Blues Band, Tramp, and later the DeLuxe Blues Band.
In 1972, he played bass guitar on the 22nd Streatham Cub Scouts LP Songs for Your Enjoyment. The album featured folk songs as well as the Scout theme song "Kumbaya".
As an author
Brunning also authored many books, and wrote several about Fleetwood Mac, the British blues scene, and music in general. His works about his former group include Behind The Masks, published in 1990, 1998's Fleetwood Mac: The First 30 Years, and The Fleetwood Mac Story: Rumours and Lies.
Death
Brunning died on 18 October 2011, aged 68, after suffering a massive heart attack at his home in Colliers Wood.
References
External links
Official website
Biography at fmlegacy
Obituary in The Independent
1943 births
2011 deaths
20th-century English musicians
21st-century English musicians
English rock bass guitarists
Male bass guitarists
English rock musicians
English blues musicians
British blues musicians
Blues rock musicians
British blues (genre) musicians
British rhythm and blues boom musicians
People from Bournemouth
Schoolteachers from Dorset
Fleetwood Mac members
Savoy Brown members
Tramp (band) members
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3990441
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PERI
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PERI
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PERI is a manufacturer and supplier of formwork and scaffolding systems founded in 1969 in Weißenhorn, Germany.
Etymology
The company's name is derived from the Greek preposition "peri", meaning around. It references the scaffold and concrete that surrounds and supports a building.
History
The company was founded in 1969 by Artur Schwörer and his wife Christl Schwörer in Weißenhorn, Germany. The company has developed techniques in formwork and scaffolding technology, and the use of aluminum and 3D printers in complex construction projects.
In 2014, Schaltec became part of the PERI group. Three years later the company opened the modern head plant for scaffolding systems in Günzburg, Germany. A galvanizing plant was acquired by the company in 2020.
Products and services
The PERI product range can be divided into the following business segments: formwork, scaffolding, civil engineering, panel products, industrial scaffolding, components, services, and 3D construction printing.
Projects
Due to a tight deadline, PERI's formwork technology was used in the construction of Cuatro Torres Highrise in 2008. From 2011 to 2014, 1,100 containers of PERI's innovative scaffolding and fromwork technology was delivered and used in the expansion of the Panama Canal. A custom rail climbing system from PERI was used to build the Absolute World buildings in 2012. PERI's technology was used due to the incline of the buildings it impossible for cranes to raise the scaffold.
In 2017, prefabricated tunnel elements for the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge were built using PERI tools. Later that year the company constructed three pylons for the Mersey Gateway Bridge with the use of their rail climbing system. In 2018, the National Veterans Memorial and Museum building was completed using PERI formwork. In 2019, PERI's formwork was used to create Lakhta Center, the tallest building in Europe at the time.
References
Companies based in Bavaria
Construction and civil engineering companies of Germany
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1969
German companies established in 1969
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3990450
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Great%20Buck%20Howard
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The Great Buck Howard
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The Great Buck Howard is a 2008 American comedy-drama film directed by Sean McGinly that stars Colin Hanks and John Malkovich. Tom Hanks also appears as the father of his real-life son's character. The character Buck Howard is inspired by the mentalist The Amazing Kreskin, whose popularity was at its height in the 1970s. The film premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival on January 18, 2008. It is the first Walden Media film to be distributed by Magnolia Pictures.
Plot summary
Troy Gable (Colin Hanks) defies his father (Tom Hanks) and leaves law school to pursue his dream of becoming a writer in Los Angeles. To support himself, he takes a job as a road manager for "The Great" Buck Howard (John Malkovich), a fading mentalist. Troy comes to enjoy traveling with Buck to performances in smaller venues such as Bakersfield and Akron. In particular, Troy sincerely admires Buck's signature trick: having someone in the audience hide his fee for that night's performance, which he then unfailingly discovers. (Kreskin is said to have actually performed this feat 6,000 times, only failing to find the money nine times.)
A reluctant publicist, Valerie Brennan (Emily Blunt), is sent to join them in Cincinnati as a replacement for a more senior colleague to promote Buck's still secret attempt to resurrect his career. Valerie is disgusted by Buck's verbal abuse towards her and Troy, with whom she becomes romantically involved. Buck reveals that his comeback will involve putting "hundreds" of people (actually only a few dozen) to sleep and then awakening them as if from the dead. The trick works, but despite a large press turnout, no one is there to record the act, since the news media is called away at the last second to cover a car accident involving Jerry Springer. Furious, Buck unfairly blames the mishap on Troy and Valerie, and then faints from exhaustion. In the hospital, Buck and Troy discover that the media absence actually worked in Buck's favor, as rumors reported by the news media exaggerate the scope of Buck's act; as a result, Buck returns to the limelight as a retro-"hip" phenomenon. He appears on television shows such as those of Jon Stewart, Regis Philbin, Conan O'Brien, and more. Buck is reunited with his estranged friend, George Takei, who sings "What the World Needs Now".
Buck finally gets the call he has been waiting for: To perform once again on The Tonight Show. He previously had performed with Johnny Carson 61 times during the height of his career, but never since the show has been hosted by Jay Leno. Buck is bumped by Tom Arnold, who has too much material and uses up Buck's time. Buck refuses an immediate offer to come back and appear on The Tonight Show the following week, but agrees to receive an offer to headline a date in Las Vegas. When the limelight on Buck dims once more after he fails to find his money for the first time ever during his Las Vegas premiere, Troy leaves him and through Valerie's connections, lands a job with a celebrated TV writer (Griffin Dunne). After some time, Troy sees from an ad in the paper that Buck is doing his show again in Bakersfield. Buck is clearly back where he feels most comfortable, and once again successfully performs his signature trick, leaving Troy to wonder whether Buck doesn't have some mysterious talent after all.
Cast
John Malkovich as Buck Howard
Colin Hanks as Troy Gable
Emily Blunt as Valerie Brennan
Ricky Jay as Gil Bellamy
Steve Zahn as Kenny the limo driver
Tom Hanks as Mr. Gable
Griffin Dunne as Johnathan Finerman
Matthew Gray Gubler as Russell
Debra Monk as Doreen
Adam Scott as Alan Berkman
Patrick Fischler as Michael Perry
Wallace Langham as Dan Green
Don Most (aka "Donny Most") as Tonight Show Producer
Nate Hartley as Teenager
Wendy Worthington as Oregon woman
Jack Carter as grateful old performer
Dave Attell as Comedian
Portraying themselves
Gary Coleman
Michael Winslow
Jack Carter
Martha Stewart
Damien Fahey
Conan O'Brien
Jon Stewart
David Blaine
Regis Philbin
Kelly Ripa
George Takei
Mary Hart
Jay Leno
Tom Arnold
Bill Saluga
Reception
The Great Buck Howard received generally positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 71% of critics gave it positive reviews based on 94 reviews, with an average score of 6.40/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "By turns fluffy and biting, this show biz comedy is given girth by comic heavyweight John Malkovich and made all the more charming by Emily Blunt." The film was released to the general public on March 20, 2009, grossing $115,004 in the opening weekend. It was run in 55 theaters, equaling to an average of $2,091 per theater. The worldwide gross stands at $900,689.
References
External links
The Great Buck Howard at Magnolia Pictures
2008 films
2008 comedy-drama films
2008 independent films
American independent films
American comedy-drama films
English-language films
Films about magic and magicians
Films directed by Sean McGinly
Films produced by Tom Hanks
Films produced by Gary Goetzman
Films scored by Blake Neely
Playtone films
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3990451
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Menuires
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Les Menuires
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Les Menuires is a ski resort in the Belleville valley of Les Trois Vallées between Saint-Martin-de-Belleville and Val Thorens. Owned and operated by Compagnie des Alpes, it is in the Savoie département of France.
The resort has 48 restaurants, 39 ski lifts and 62 trails. The resort has advanced ski slopes and beginner slopes. The resort also hosted the men's slalom alpine skiing event at the 1992 Winter Olympics. It's slopes are connected to more than 600 km of slopes in Les Trois Vallées, making it a part of the largest skiable area in the world. The resort has not only skiing facilities, but also offers a range of other activities.
The resort was founded in 1964 and has an altitude range of .
History
During the 1950s, Service of the Study and Development of Mountain Tourism (SEATM) was created by the local authorities to create the ski resort of Courchevel. Due to its great success, in the 1960s the mayor of Saint-Martin-de-Belleville decided to follow suit and create a society with the plan to create 100 000 beds divided between the two main resorts of Les Menuires and Val Thorens, plus five satellite resorts.
In 1964, the first three drag lifts were installed. In 1967, the first accommodation residences in the Croisette area were opened, as well as the second stage of the La Masse cable car. In 1969, the tourist office was created together with Les Menuires’ first hotel, and the west side of the mountain was equipped with ski lifts. 1973 saw the first stage of the impressive 3 Valleys ski area, with the Allamands drag lift linking Les Menuires to Méribel, at the same time that the nearby resort of Val Thorens was starting to be developed.
Up to the early 1980s, there was an intense period of development in Les Menuires and Val Thorens. The initial plans were changed along the way with the main objectives being controlled development and preservation of the environment. The number of beds was scaled right down to 26 000 in Les Menuires and 20 000 for Val Thorens. The idea of satellite resorts was scrapped and instead the traditional village of Saint-Martin-de-Belleville was created with 1 200 beds. In the end 47 000 beds were created instead of the initially planned 100 000.
The main resort is centered on La Croisette. All of the restaurants, shops, bars, and the hotel Le Pelvoux are linked by an internal gallery. These front onto the piste, and the ski lifts that link the 3 Valleys network.
References
External links
Official Les Menuires Tourism Office website
Official site of Les 3 Vallees, lift & piste info, cams, weather, snow etc
Vanoise National Park
Venues of the 1992 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiing venues
Ski areas and resorts in France
Tourist attractions in Savoie
Sports venues in Savoie
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3990456
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Drummer
|
The Drummer
|
The Drummer may refer to:
Drummer (comics), a fictional character from the comic book Planetary by Warren Ellis and John Cassaday
The Drummer (2007 film), a Hong Kong film directed by Kenneth Bi
The Drummer (2020 film), an American film starring Danny Glover
The Drummer (play), a 1716 play by Joseph Addison
The Drummer (Flanagan), a bronze sculpture
"The Drummer" (fairy tale), one of Grimms' Fairy Tales
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3990460
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Four
|
The Four
|
The Four may refer to:
Glasgow Four, the four prominent leaders of the Glasgow School
Four (comics), a group of fictional comic book supervillains from the series Planetary
The Four (Forgotten Realms), adventurers from the Forgotten Realms fantasy setting
The Four: Battle for Stardom, an American reality television music competition show
Works based on Woon Swee Oan's novel
Titles named "The Four" based on Woon Swee Oan's novel "The Four Great Constables" (四大名捕) include:
The Four (2008 TV series) (), a Hong Kong television series
The Four (film) (), a 2012 Chinese film
The Four II (), a 2013 Chinese film
The Four III (), a 2014 Chinese film
The Four (2015 TV series) (), a Chinese television series
See also
Four (disambiguation)
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3990462
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand%20to%20hand
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Hand to hand
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Hand to hand might mean
Hand-to-hand combat, a fighting discipline
Hand to hand acrobatics, a balancing skill
Hand to Hand (album), 1980 jazz album
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3990477
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Weiss
|
John Weiss
|
John Weiss (June 28, 1818 – March 9, 1879) was an American author and clergyman, an advocate of women's rights, as well as a noted abolitionist.
Biography
Weiss was born in Boston. His father, a German Jew, was a barber in Worcester. He graduated at Harvard in 1837 and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1843, studying abroad in between. He then preached at Watertown, but withdrew on account of his anti-slavery opinions. He was pastor at New Bedford, Massachusetts, for a short time, resigning on account of the failure of his health. After several years of study and travel he resumed his pastorate in the Unitarian church at Watertown in 1859, remaining there until 1870.
On the issue of slavery, the Reverend John Weiss was an outspoken abolitionist. He was an advocate of woman's rights, a rationalist in religion, and a disciple of the transcendental philosophy. He delivered courses of lectures on "Greek Religious Ideas," "Humor in Shakespeare," and "Shakespeare's Women." Of his lectures on Greek religious ideas, Octavius B. Frothingham said: "They were the keenest interpretation of the ancient myths, the most profound, luminous, and sympathetic, I have met with."
Works
He is the author of many reviews, sermons, and magazine articles on literary, biographical, social, and political questions. He also wrote:
Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker (2 vols., New York, 1864)
American Religion (1871)
He edited and translated:
Friedrich von Hardenberg, Henry of Ofterdingen (a romance, Boston, 1842)
Friedrich Schiller, Philosophical and Æsthetic Letters and Essays (with an introduction, 1845)
William Smith, Memoir of Johann G. Fichte (1846)
References
Further reading
External links
1818 births
1879 deaths
American abolitionists
American feminist writers
American people of German-Jewish descent
American theologians
American Unitarian clergy
Harvard Divinity School alumni
Jewish American writers
Jewish feminists
Male feminists
Writers from Boston
Abolitionists from New Bedford, Massachusetts
19th-century American clergy
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3990489
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20National%20League%20%281932%E2%80%931954%29
|
Scottish National League (1932–1954)
|
The Scottish National League was the first ice hockey league in Scotland. It was founded in 1932 by five teams from a single ice rink in Glasgow. The league gradually expanded to encompass teams from many areas of Scotland. It was suspended during the Second World War, but returned in 1946, and for the 1947/8 season was split into two divisions. These reunited the following season, and in 1954 the league merged with the English National League to form the British National League.
Champions
1933: Bridge of Weir
1934: Kelvingrove
1935: Bridge of Weir
1936: Glasgow Mohawks
1937: Glasgow Mohawks
1938: Perth Panthers
1939: Dundee Tigers
1940: Dundee Tigers
1947: Perth Panthers
1948: East Division - Dundee Tigers, West Division - Paisley Pirates
1949: Fife Flyers
1950: Fife Flyers
1951: Paisley Pirates
1952: Ayr Raiders
1953: Ayr Raiders
1954: Paisley Pirates
References
A to Z encyclopaedia of ice hockey
See also
British ice hockey league champions
Defunct ice hockey leagues in the United Kingdom
Ice hockey leagues in Scotland
Ice
Sports leagues established in 1932
1932 establishments in Scotland
1954 disestablishments in Scotland
Sports leagues disestablished in 1954
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3990490
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfidy
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Perfidy
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In the context of war, perfidy is a form of deception in which one side promises to act in good faith (such as by raising a flag of truce) with the intention of breaking that promise once the unsuspecting enemy is exposed (such as by coming out of cover to take the "surrendering" prisoners into custody).
Perfidy constitutes a breach of the laws of war and so is a war crime, as it degrades the protections and mutual restraints developed in the interest of all parties, combatants and civilians.
Geneva Conventions
Perfidy is specifically prohibited under the 1977 Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, which states:
Article 37. – Prohibition of perfidy
Article 38. – Recognized emblems
Article 39. – Emblems of nationality
History
Disapproval of perfidy was part of the customary laws of war long before the prohibition of perfidy was included in Protocol I. For example, in the 1907 Hague Convention IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land, Article 23 includes:
During the Pacific Theatre of World War II, Japanese soldiers were reported to often booby-trap their dead and wounded and to fake surrenders or injuries to lure Allied troops into a trap then surprise attack them. One example was the "Goettge Patrol", during the early days of the Guadalcanal Campaign in 1942, in which an allegedly fake Japanese surrender resulted in more than 20 US deaths. It has been asserted that the incident, along with many other perfidious actions of the Japanese throughout the Pacific War, led to an Allied tendency to shoot the dead or wounded Japanese soldiers and those who were attempting to surrender and not to take them as POWs easily.
At the Dachau Trials, the issue of whether the donning of enemy uniforms to approach the enemy without drawing fire was within the laws of war was established under international humanitarian law at the trial in 1947 of the planner and commander of Operation Greif, Otto Skorzeny. He was found not guilty by a US military tribunal of a crime by ordering his men into action in US uniforms. He had passed on to his men the warning of German legal experts that if they fought in US uniforms, they would be breaking the laws of war. During the trial, a number of arguments were advanced to substantiate this position and that the German and US militaries seem to be in agreement on it. In its judgement, the tribunal noted that the case did not require that the tribunal make findings other than those of guilty or not guilty and so no safe conclusion could be drawn from the acquittal of all accused. The tribunal also emphasized the difference between using enemy uniforms in espionage versus combat.
See also
Bad faith
False flag
Good faith
Betrayal
Inherent bad faith model
Perfidious Albion
War Crimes Act of 1996 (incorporated into US law)
References
External links
UK's Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act 1995 which bans perfidy
Deception
Military deception
War crimes by type
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3990506
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasselmann
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Hasselmann
|
Hasselmann or Haßelmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Britta Haßelmann (born 1961), German politician
Joice Hasselmann (born 1978), Brazilian journalist
Karl Hasselmann (1883–1966), German cinematographer
Klaus Hasselmann (born 1931), German oceanographer and climate modeller
Nina Hasselmann (born 1986), German field hockey player
Wilhelm Hasselmann (1844–1916), German socialist politician and activist
Variants
Variant spellings include Haselman, Hasselman, and Hasselmans.Notable people with such surnames include the below, listed alphabetically by given name.
Alphonse Hasselmans (1845–1912), Belgium-born French harpist, composer, and pedagogue
Ben Hasselman (1898–1984), Dutch military figure
Bill Haselman (born 1966), American baseball player and coach
Louis Hasselmans (1878–1957), French cellist and conductor
See also
The Hasselmann Painter, ancient Greek vase painter of the mid-5th century BC
German-language surnames
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5381994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20globular%20clusters
|
List of globular clusters
|
This is a list of globular clusters. The apparent
magnitude does not include an extinction correction.
Milky Way
These are globular clusters within the halo of the Milky Way galaxy. The diameter is in minutes of arc as seen from Earth. For reference, the J2000 epoch celestial coordinates of the Galactic Center are right ascension , declination . A high proportion of globular clusters are located in the Ophiuchus and Sagittarius constellations, both of which lie in the direction of the galactic core.
Local Group
See also
Lists of astronomical objects
References
Galactic Globular Clusters Database, from Marco Castellani (Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Italy)
VizieR VII/202 - Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)
An Atlas of the Universe, Richard Powell
ARVAL Catalog of Bright Globular Clusters, Andrés Valencia and Arnaldo Arnal
Djorgovski, S., and Meylan, G. 1993, in "Structure and Dynamics of Globular Clusters", ASP Conf. Ser. vol. 50, p. 325
External links
LMC Clusters database, University of Cambridge.
Catalog of Variable Stars in Galactic Globular Clusters, Christine Clement, University of Toronto.
Globular clusters
List
Globular
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3990514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbury%20Francis%20Lever
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Asbury Francis Lever
|
Asbury Francis "Frank" Lever (January 5, 1875 – April 28, 1940) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina.
Early life
Frank Lever was born near Springhill, Lexington County, South Carolina on January 5, 1875. He was the son of a farmer, Asbury Francis Washington Lever, and Mary Elvira Derrick. He attended the county schools and graduated from Newberry College with honors in 1895. He taught school for two years.
He moved to Washington, D.C. as the private secretary to Representative J. William Stokes from 1897 to 1901. He graduated from the Law Department of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., in 1899 and was admitted to the bar in South Carolina the same year but did not practice.
He married Lucile Scurry Butler in 1911. They had two children.
Political career
He was a delegate to the Democratic State conventions in 1896 and 1900. He was elected a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1901. He was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of J. William Stokes was reelected to the Fifty-eighth and to the eight succeeding Congresses and served from November 5, 1901, until August 1, 1919.
Lever was the chairman of the House Committee on Education from 1911 to 1913 (Sixty-second Congress) and Committee on Agriculture (Sixty-third through Sixty-fifth Congresses). His major legislative achievements were in the area of state and federal efforts in agricultural and rural life. Major bills were the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 that established the Cooperative Extension Service, the Cotton Futures Act of 1914, the Cotton Warehouse Act of 1916, Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 that created the Farm Credit Administration, and the Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917 that created a Food Administration and a Fuel Administration for World War I.
He resigned from Congress to become a member of the Federal Farm Loan Board, in which capacity he served until 1922. He briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for Governor of South Carolina in 1930, but sickness ended his campaign.
Later life
He was a Chair of the Board of Trustees of Newberry College and Life Trustee of Clemson College from 1913 to 1940. He was elected president of the First Carolinas Joint Stock Land Bank at Columbia, South Carolina, in 1922 and was a field representative of Federal Farm Board. He was a director of the public relations administration of the Farm Credit Administration until his death.
He died on April 28, 1940, at “Seven Oaks,” in Lexington County, South Carolina. He is interred at College Hill (Woodland) Cemetery, on campus of Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina, Clemson, South Carolina.
Legacy
The Cooperative Extension Service is a legacy to Lever. This helped transform rural America. The Liberty Ship was named after Lever. Lever Hall, a high-rise dormitory on the Clemson University campus, is named after Lever.
The Clemson University Library has Lever's papers.
References
Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
1875 births
1940 deaths
Newberry College alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Clemson University trustees
People from Lexington County, South Carolina
South Carolina Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
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5382007
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erpobdella%20obscura
|
Erpobdella obscura
|
Erpobdella obscura is a freshwater ribbon leech common in North America. It is a relatively large leech and is commonly used as bait by anglers for walleye and other sport fish. In Minnesota, live bait dealers annually harvest over 45,000 kg of bait-leeches, raising concerns of over-harvest.
Description
Erpobdella obscura is a large leech growing to a length of about . The mouth is large, occupying almost the whole of the anterior sucker, but there are no jaws. The dorsal surface is irregularly marked with dark blotches but it does not have the two longitudinal rows of black spots characteristic of Erpobdella punctata, another common North American species.
Morphology & Reproduction
Erpobdella obscura is a sequential hermaphrodite when it first starts reproducing. There is a short period of overlap while it changes from producing male gametes to female gametes. In its second cycle of gametogenesis, it becomes a simultaneous hermaphrodite and both sperm and eggs are produced at the same time. As in other species of leech, a cocoon is secreted by the clitellum, a thickened glandular section of the body wall behind the head, and this moves forwards over the head, receiving fertilised eggs from the gonopore on the way.
In some areas, Erpobdella obscura has a semelparous life history, i.e., the leech dies after reproduction. Generation length is from 12 to 24 months, with spring and summer generations occurring in some ponds. It is not a blood-sucking leech but is a predator on a range of other invertebrates including amphipods, water fleas, copepods, worms and gastropod molluscs.
References
Leeches
Animals described in 1872
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3990518
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy%20milk
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Poppy milk
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Poppy milk (aguonų pienas) is a traditional Lithuanian drink or soup, one of the 12-dishes Christmas Eve Supper Kūčios. Usually it is eaten together with kūčiukai, another traditional Lithuanian Christmas Eve dish. It is also an ingredient in kutya a meal served during a traditional Russian Christmas Eve Feast. This drink is considered a dessert.
Preparation
To make poppy milk, one or two glasses of poppy seeds are needed. The poppy seeds are soaked in some hot water for a day or so, changing the water over time, until the seeds become soft. Then the poppy seeds are crushed in a food processor (or with a pestle in a mortar), until a white liquid comes out. Some cold water is added (preferably water that has been boiled, and cooled), and the poppy seeds are strained and crushed once more. This process is repeated several times in order to get a good poppy milk concentrate. Then, the poppy milk concentrate is diluted with some cold boiled water (the quantity of the water used, is a matter of taste, and certain family preferences, but the flavor of the poppy seeds should be pronounced). Finally, some sugar or honey is added to sweeten the poppy seed milk.
Additional Usage
Although traditionally served during the Christmas holiday, in modern times poppy milk has additional uses.
It has been suggested as a sleep aid. There is limited information on poppy milk's effects, but studies on poppy seeds have shown promise.
Poppy milk has also been used as a milk substitute. Using poppy seed milk as a milk substitute is not a new application, but it is not frequently included in studies of milk alternatives.
References
Lithuanian cuisine
Lithuanian drinks
Lithuanian traditions
Poppy seeds
Christmas food
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5382008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim%20Lipson
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Ephraim Lipson
|
Ephraim Lipson, or E. Lipson (1 September 1888, in Sheffield – 22 April 1960) was a British economic historian.
The son of a Jewish furniture dealer, Lipson attended Sheffield Royal Grammar School followed by Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a First class degree in History.
He taught at Oxford University (as private tutor, independent researcher) Cambridge University (1921–1931), Boston University (1932–1933), University of California (1933–).
Literary works
editor of the "Economic History Review" (1921–1934) (with Richard Henry Tawney (1880–1962), Michael Moïssey Postan (1899–1981), H. J. Habbakuk, Economic History Society)
The economic history of England, 3 Vols., 1915–1931
Europe in the nineteenth century, 1916
The history of the English woollen and worsted industries, 1921
Increased production, 1921
The inventions, 1934
Europe, 1914–1939
A planned economy and free enterprise, 1944
References
Who was Who
Encyclopaedia Judaica
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
External links
THE ECONOMIC HISTORY SOCIETY (DOC; English)
(about publishings; English)
(publishing catalogue search; English)
(about publishings; Spanish)
1888 births
1960 deaths
British economists
British Jews
Jewish historians
Economic historians
People educated at King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
20th-century British historians
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5382018
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galeb
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Galeb
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Galeb is Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian and Slovenian word for "seagull". It can refer to any of the following:
Galeb-class minelayer which saw service with Yugoslav navies between 1921 and 1962
Yugoslav Navy Yacht Galeb, presidential yacht used by Josip Broz Tito
Series of Yugoslavian trainer/attack jet aircraft designs two of which entered production:
Soko G-2 Galeb, first flown in 1961
Soko G-4 Super Galeb, first flown in 1978
Galeb (computer) - a Yugoslav-made home computer from the early 1980s
Unrelated to south Slavs, there are also:
Galeb duhr, a creature in Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game
Yacin Yabeh Galeb, former chief of staff of Force Nationale de Police of Djibouti
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3990524
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20Citations
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Law of Citations
|
The Law of Citations (Lex citationum) was a Roman law issued from Ravenna in AD 426 by the emperor Valentinian III, or rather by his regent mother, Galla Placidia Augusta, to the Senate and the people of Rome, and it included in both Theodosius II's law compilation of 438 (Codex Theodosianus 1, 4, 3) and the first edition of the Codex Justinianus. It was designed to help judges deal with vast amounts of jurist writings on a subject and thus to reach a decision. According to the legal historian Alan Watson, "This Law of Citations marks a low point of Roman jurisprudence, since [it declares] the correct opinion is to be found by counting heads, not by choosing the best solution". Nonetheless, it was "exhibiting no mean instinct of statesmanship" and may be viewed as an attempt to simplify adjudication in practice, "in opposition to the growing ignorance and ubiquitous corruption and injustice of the times".
Authority was given to Ulpianus, Gaius, Paulus, Papinianus and Modestinus, as they were some of the outstanding jurists of the classical period. Quotations used by the jurists were also given authority. If there was a conflict between the jurists, the majority view would prevail. In the event of an even number of views on each side, the view of Papinianus would be applied. If Papinianus expressed no opinion, the judge would then be free to use his own judgement. Lesser classical jurists could also be cited on the condition that at least two relevant manuscripts could be collated to verify their proper citation. That would have been important, especially in situations of the works of the lesser jurists being scarce and therefore suspect.
Notes
External links
UPMF-grenoble.fr, The Roman Law Library
Roman law
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5382027
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos%20Aires%20Argentina%20Temple
|
Buenos Aires Argentina Temple
|
The Buenos Aires Argentina Temple is the 39th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), located in Ciudad Evita, near Buenos Aires, Argentina.
History
LDS Church leaders announced plans to build a temple in Buenos Aires in April 1980. Three years later, ground was broken and the site was dedicated by Bruce R. McConkie. After the building's completion an open house was held from December 17–24, 1985. Because of the location, visitors traveling from the airport to downtown Buenos Aires drive right past the temple.
Thomas S. Monson presided over the temple dedication on January 17, 1986. The Buenos Aires Argentina Temple has a total of , four ordinance rooms, and three sealing rooms.
The temple closed for a renovation and expansion that added two smaller wings to the temple, set at angles to the existing structure. The renovated temple was rededicated September 9, 2012 by Henry B. Eyring, First Counselor in the church's First Presidency. It reopened September 11, 2012.
In 2020, the Buenos Aires Argentina Temple was temporarily closed temporarily during the year in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
See also
Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region
Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Argentina
References
External links
Buenos Aires Argentina Temple Official site
Buenos Aires Argentina Temple at ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org
20th-century Latter Day Saint temples
Buildings and structures in Buenos Aires Province
La Matanza Partido
Religious buildings and structures in Argentina
Christianity in Buenos Aires
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1986
Temples (LDS Church) in Latin America
Temples (LDS Church) in Argentina
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Argentina
1986 establishments in Argentina
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3990537
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancroft%20County%2C%20Iowa
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Bancroft County, Iowa
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Bancroft County, Iowa was a county located in what today is the northern portion of Kossuth County. The county was established in 1851 by the Iowa General Assembly, but then abolished six years later in 1857 and the area joined to Kossuth County, leading to it being roughly twice the size of adjacent counties. It became part of Kossuth because the area was wetland, thereby making it unsuitable for farming.
The county was named for historian and statesman George Bancroft (1800–1891).
There never was a county seat established or the organization of a county government.
See also
Crocker County, Iowa, another county created out of the same area of Kossuth County.
References
Geography of Iowa
Former counties of Iowa
Kossuth County, Iowa
1851 establishments in Iowa
1857 disestablishments in Iowa
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3990540
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aonla
|
Aonla
|
Aonla may refer to:
Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), a deciduous tree of the family Phyllanthaceae
Amala, Nepal
Aonla, Uttar Pradesh, a place in Uttar Pradesh, India
Aonla (Assembly constituency)
Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)
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3990545
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleaston
|
Gleaston
|
Gleaston is a village with a population of around 400 in the Furness area of South Cumbria, situated between the towns of Barrow-in-Furness, Dalton-in-Furness and Ulverston. Historically in Lancashire, the history of the village can be traced as far back as the mesolithic period and it was the centre of the manor of Muchland in the Middle Ages. Today it is largely a commuter village for the nearby towns, but its past is still visible in the remains of Gleaston Castle and Gleaston Water Mill, which is open as a tourist attraction.
Etymology
The Domesday Book of 1086 records Gleaston as Glassertun. Joan Lee suggests that this could mean 'farm by a stream' from the Brythonic glas and Old Norse tun, as there is a swift stream or beck running through the village. Alternatively it could mean 'green hill farm' from the Old Norse words glas - haugr - tun. It has also been proposed that the name was derived from the British words, glas, green, er, fallow or ploughed land, and ton, a town or village.
The greater part of Gleaston, the villages of Leece and Dendron, are included in the parochial parish of St. Matthew Dendron. The ancient village of Leece is built round a tarn and appears twice in the Domesday Book. Lies was listed in the Manor of Hougun held by Earl Tostig.
Pre-history
Archaeological digs in the 1990s brought to light the ancient history of the village. Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age artifacts were found and the position of a prehistoric lake, which once covered a field between the castle and the mill, was discovered, proving that the local area has been inhabited for thousands of years.
Since the Iron Age Gleaston would probably have been inhabited by the Carvetii tribe who were based at Carlisle and covered most of modern Cumbria, or possibly the Setantii tribe from Lancashire. Both were later incorporated by the Brigantes. Successive waves of Norse, Saxon and Norman invaders and settlers have all added to the history of the local area.
Gleaston Castle
In the 13th century the Lords of the Manor of Muchland moved their seat of residence from nearby Aldingham to Gleaston and probably built a wooden hall on the site of the present castle, about 0.5 km north of the village. The building that stands today was begun in the 14th century by the first Baron of Aldingham, John de Harrington.
The castle consisted of a quadrangular courtyard surrounded by high curtain walls, with substantial towers at the four corners. The north western tower would have contained the great hall and lord's apartments. The castle was abandoned in 1458 when the family line died out and the manor eventually passed to the crown.
Gleaston Water Mill
Just north of the village is Gleaston Water Mill. Now a tourist attraction, the mill would once have been used to grind oats for farmers throughout the Furness area. The present mill was built in 1774 on the site of an earlier one and its water wheel and milling machinery are still in working order. The Mill is privately owned and was restored in the early 1990s and preserved for posterity. Also on the site are the Dusty Millers restaurant and Pigs Whisper country store.
The village now
Much of the village that can be seen today is 20th century. Since the 1960s the village has experienced a small scale population explosion. Previously there were five farms within the village itself as well as a pub, post office, Co-op and police station, most of which were 19th century buildings. The oldest remaining buildings all date from the 17th century and there are numerous 18th century buildings.
Today, all the amenities and the five farms have disappeared and all the buildings have been converted into dwellings as Gleaston gradually became a commuter village for nearby Barrow and Ulverston. Most of the fields and large gardens in the village were also given over to development as pressure rose in the 1970s and 1980s to provide the growing number of workers at Vickers (now BAE Systems), Glaxo and Furness General Hospital with homes. Gleaston even has its own small estate called Mounts Meadow.
The village has its own large village green, a small football pitch which was made by Bryan Hindle and brothers Paul and John Clarke, a community hall and a children's playground, which are all owned and run by the villagers themselves. Every year a sports day and barbecue is held to raise funds and for locals to meet and enjoy themselves and the village has its own bonfire and fireworks display every November 5. In the year 2000, to celebrate the millennium a short walk was created in a small piece of woodland adjacent to the green, behind the beck.
See also
Listed buildings in Aldingham
References
Lee, Joan Place Names of Cumbria (Manchester Free Press, 1998)
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Aldingham (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
Gleaston Village website
Villages in Cumbria
Furness
Aldingham
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3990548
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNS
|
WNS
|
WNS, or wns, is an acronym for:
WADP Numbering System, a worldwide reference system for postal stamps
West Nairobi School, a school in Kenya
Westside Neighborhood School, Los Angeles
White nose syndrome, a poorly understood disease of bats
Windows Notification Service, a service developed by Microsoft for the Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Windows Mobile platforms
WNS Global Services, a business process outsourcing company
WNS, the IATA code for Nawabshah Airport, Sindh, Pakistan
WNS, the National Rail code for Winnersh railway station, Berkshire, UK
WNS, the station identifier for the US Storm Prediction Center
World Netball Series
See also
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3990550
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirnespor
|
Edirnespor
|
Edirnespor is the football team of Edirne, Turkey and her colours are yellow and red. Founded in 1966 In the beginning of 1990s Edirnespor was playing in the Turkish 2nd League. One season, they became second in their league and qualified for Play-Offs but they didn't manage to play in Turkish Super League.They are currently playing in Turkish 3rd League
References
External links
Edirnespor on TFF.org
Sport in Edirne
Football clubs in Turkey
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3990553
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz%20Baranowski%20%28artist%29
|
Tadeusz Baranowski (artist)
|
Tadeusz Baranowski (born 1945 in Zamość) is a Polish comic book artist. He published his first comic in 1975 in Świat Młodych. Invited by Grzegorz Rosiński he worked a few years in Belgium, publishing some comics in Tintin magazine, however due to interference from magazine owners he quit this job and returned to Poland in the 1990s.
In Poland, most of his comics had 2 editions: first softcover in late 1970s/early 1980s, and second hardcover in 2000s.
Works
Skąd się bierze woda sodowa i nie tylko - MAW 1980, DSW Omnibus 1989
Na co dybie w wielorybie czubek nosa eskimosa - MAW 1980, MAW 1984
3 przygody Sherlocka Bombla - Interpress 1984, Kultura Gniewu/Zin Zin Press 2004
Antresolka profesorka Nerwosolka - MAW 1985
Podróż smokiem Diplodokiem - MAW 1986, MAW 1988
Jak ciotka Fru-Bęc uratowała świat od zagłady - DHW Akapit 1989
Przepraszam remanent - Bea 1990
Ecie-pecie o wszechświecie, wynalazku i komecie (2 tomiki) - Story 1990
Historia wyssana z sopla lodu (scenariusz: Jean Dufaux) - Unipress 1991
To doprawdy kiepska sprawa, kiedy Bestia się pojawia... - Rok Corporation 1992
Orient Men: Forever na zawsze - Egmont 2002
Porady Praktycznego Pana - Egmont 2003
Antresolka profesorka Nerwosolka - Egmont 2003
Skąd się bierze woda sodowa i nie tylko - Egmont 2004
O zmroku - Kultura Gniewu 2005
Podróż Smokiem Diplodokiem - Manzoku 2005
Tffffuj! Do bani z takim komiksem! - Orient Men i Spółka 2005
References
1945 births
Living people
Polish comics artists
Recipients of the Silver Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis
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3990569
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocker%20County%2C%20Iowa
|
Crocker County, Iowa
|
Crocker County is a defunct county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In 1870, the Iowa General Assembly created Crocker County from the northern part of Kossuth County. The county seat was located at Greenwood, Iowa. In December 1871, the Iowa Supreme Court declared the act creating this county a violation of the constitution, which in article eleven declares that no new county shall be created which contains less than 432 square miles. As Crocker County was smaller than the law allowed for, it ceased to exist from and after the rendition of that decision and the twelve townships in its territory reverted to Kossuth County.
See also
Bancroft County, Iowa, another county created out of the same area of Kossuth County.
References
Geography of Iowa
Former counties of Iowa
Kossuth County, Iowa
1870 establishments in Iowa
Populated places established in 1870
1871 disestablishments in Iowa
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3990575
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boechera%20crandallii
|
Boechera crandallii
|
Boechera crandallii, or Crandall's rockcress, is found in Wyoming and Colorado where it is found on limestone chip-rock and stony areas, often among sagebrush. Flowering time is from May to June.
According to chromosome counts by Rollins (1941 and 1966) B. crandalli has been identified as a diploid with n=7 which presumably reproduces sexually.
References
crandallii
Flora of Colorado
Flora of Wyoming
Flora of North America
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5382033
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvon%20Cormier
|
Yvon Cormier
|
Yvon Cormier (November 3, 1938 – March 4, 2009) was a Canadian professional wrestler. Competing primarily under the ring name The Beast, he and his three wrestling brothers made up the Cormier wrestling family. He wrestled in many countries but regularly returned to Canada, where he competed for the Eastern Sports Association (ESA) and the ESA-promoted International Wrestling (IW). He also competed in the Calgary, Alberta-based Stampede Wrestling for many years.
Early life
Cormier was born into a family of thirteen children, of which four of the brothers became professional wrestlers, and another became a referee. His wrestling brothers were Leo Burke (Leonce Cormier), Bobby Kay (Romeo Cormier) and Rudy Kay (Jean-Louis Cormier). The oldest brother, Malcolm, worked as a referee under the name Mel Turnbow.
As a teenager, he worked in the woods, shoed horses, and drove heavy equipment.
Professional wrestling career
Cormier met Emile Dupré in 1957, who told him to consider a career in professional wrestling. Cormier began training, and later moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, to continue his preparation under trainer Les Ruffen, and made his debut in 1963. At first, he used the ring name Pierre Lebelle before switching to Ivan the Lumberjack. In Texas, he was known as Joe Gump. When he later ventured to the Mid-Atlantic territory, Jim Crockett, Sr. named him The Beast. At that time, he had thick, untamed hair and a large, curly beard.
The Beast spent part of his early career competing for Stampede Wrestling, where he faced such wrestlers as Stu Hart. He won his first championship there in 1966. He defeated Stampede veteran Dave Ruhl to win the Calgary version of the NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship. Later that year, he dropped the title to Ruhl. He gained a different title the following year, however, when he teamed with Bob Sweetan to defeat the Christy Brothers (Bobby and Jerry) for the Calgary version of the NWA International Tag Team Championship on July 12, 1967.
In 1969, The Beast became the first holder of the IW North American Heavyweight Championship. On August 5, he gained a second title when he teamed with his brother Rudy Kay to defeat The Fabulous Kangaroos (Al Costello and Don Kent) to win the ESA International Tag Team Championship. Three weeks later, he dropped the North American title to The Stomper (Archie Gouldie), who became his longtime rival. He then began competing for the Amarillo, Texas-based territory of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). He won the NWA Western States Heavyweight Championship and held it for several months before losing it in a match against Ricky Romero on February 2, 1970.
Two months later, on April 4, The Beast teamed with Bull Ramos to win the NWA Western States Tag Team Championship by defeating Terry Funk and Romero. They continued to face Funk and Romero and dropped the title to them later that year. On July 27, The Beast regained the IW North American Heavyweight Championship from The Stomper and held it for over two months. He lost the championship to Eric Pomeroy that October. While competing in the ESA, The Beast also had another reign as International Tag Team Champion, this time while teaming with his brother Leo Burke. They held the title until dropping it on August 3, 1971, to The Beast's former partner Freddie Sweetan and former rival Eric Pomeroy. The Beast had two more reigns with the ESA International Tag Team Championship that year, however. Four weeks after dropping it to Sweetan and Pomeroy, he regained the title from them with the help of his new partner Archie Gouldie, with whom The Beast had once feuded over the North American Heavyweight Championship. The title reign lasted for a little over a month before Pomeroy and Sweetan regained the championship trophy. Pomeroy and Sweetan held the title for only one week, however, as The Beast recruited his brother Rudy Kay to help him win the championship back on October 12. This time, the brothers' reign lasted for just over seven months. Sweetan eventually regained the title while teaming with Mike Dubois on May 16 the following year.
Over a year passed before The Beast won another championship. In the summer of 1973, Sweetan was holding the ESA Tag Team Championship with Kurt von Steiger when The Beast teamed with Bobby Kay, the only one of his brothers with whom he had not held a tag team championship, and regained the trophy. Once again, however, Sweetan won the title back on July 31 along with partner Mr. X. During the ESA off-season, The Beast returned to Texas and reformed his tag team partnership with brother Leo Burke. In January 1974, the brothers defeated Don Fargo and Hank James to win the NWA Western States Tag Team Championship. Within two months, however, they lost the title to long-time rival Romero and his partner Dory Funk, Jr. Returning to the ESA, The Beast and Bobby Kay defeated Sweetan and Dubois to win the vacant Tag Team Championship. The reign lasted for less than one week before Sweetan and Dubois won the trophy in a rematch. The following month, The Beast had another short reign with the IWA North American Heavyweight Championship, winning the title and losing it back to Great Kuma in less than two weeks. He followed this with a victory for the Tag Team Championship with Burke on July 13, once again winning the title from Sweetan and Dubois. By early August, the brothers had dropped the title to Kuma and Geto Mongol.
The Beast and Rudy Kay had one last reign as ESA International Tag Team Champions together. They defeated Bob Brown and The Patriot during the autumn of 1975 to win the trophy. They held the title until the end of the ESA's 1975 season. The Beast's final title reign began in Texas on February 20, 1976. He and Leo Burke won a tournament for the vacant NWA Western States Tag Team Championship, defeating Romero and his son Silver Streak to win the title. They held it for one week before dropping it to Romero and Silver Streak on February 27.
During his career he wrestled seven different world champions, including six time limit draws. At one point, he wrestled Giant Baba in Japan in front of a crowd of 45,000 people. He also participated in numerous chain matches, in which he and an opponent were joined together by a steel chain attached to their wrists.
Personal life
Cormier was known for his physical strength and intense exercise regimen. He was known to bench press 450 pounds with ease, and he was once recorded as bench pressing 527 pounds. During one photo session, Cormier lifted a telephone pole from the ground and carried it around while posing for pictures. According to one story, he once got upset with a horse that refused to cooperate and knocked it down with one punch.
Like his brothers, Cormier was a lifelong ice hockey fan. He also trained horses for harness racing and had six of his own Percheron horses. He had four sons, all of whom are being trained to wrestle, as well as one daughter. He was married to his wife, Doris, for 44 years until his death.
In May 2008, Cormier was diagnosed with lymphoma. He underwent treatment but suffered a heart attack soon after beginning. Doctors later determined that the cancer had moved into his bone marrow. He died on March 4, 2009, at a hospital in Moncton, New Brunswick.
Championships and accomplishments
Cauliflower Alley Club
Men’s Wrestling Award (2009)
Eastern Sports Association
ESA International Tag Team Championship (8 times) - with Rudy Kay (3), Leo Burke (1), Archie Gouldie (1), and Bobby Kay (3)
IW North American Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
Stampede Wrestling
NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Calgary version) (1 time)
NWA International Tag Team Championship (Calgary version) (1 time) - with Bob Sweetan
Western States Sports
NWA Western States Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
NWA Western States Tag Team Championship (3 times) - with Leo Burke (2) and Bull Ramos (1)
References
External links
SLAM! Wrestling Canadian Hall of Fame: The Beast
Profile at Online World of Wrestling
1938 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from cancer in New Brunswick
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Canadian male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from New Brunswick
Stampede Wrestling alumni
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3990580
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchester%20Musikkollegium%20Winterthur
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Orchester Musikkollegium Winterthur
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The Orchester Musikkollegium Winterthur is a Swiss symphony orchestra based in Winterthur, Switzerland at its namesake venue, the Musikkollegium Winterthur. The orchestra performs around 60 concerts a year, and in addition to orchestra concerts, performs in the pit at the Zurich Opera.
History
The oldest orchestra in Switzerland, the orchestra was founded in 1875 as the Stadtorchester Winterthur. The Musikkollegium itself, as an organisation based out of religious roots to that time, was founded in 1629.
From 2002 to 2008, Jac van Steen was principal conductor of the orchestra. The orchestra and van Steen made several commercial recordings for the MDG label, including music of the composers of the Second Viennese School and of Frank Martin. In April 2008, the orchestra announced the appointment of Douglas Boyd as its next principal conductor, effective with the 2009–2010 season. Boyd concluded his tenure as principal conductor after the 2015–2016 season. In June 2015, the orchestra announced the appointment of Thomas Zehetmair as its next principal conductor, effective September 2016, with an initial contract of three seasons. Zehetmair is scheduled to conclude his Winterthur tenure at the close of the 2020–2021 season. In July 2020, the orchestra announced the appointment of Roberto González-Monjas, first concertmaster (leader) of the orchestra since the 2013–2014 season, as its next principal conductor, effective with the 2021–2022 season, with an initial contract of 4 years.
In May 2020, the orchestra announced the appointment of Dominik Deuber as its next managing director, effective August 2020.
In the modern repertoire, the orchestra has often worked with Heinz Holliger, and in the Baroque repertoire with Maurice Steger and Nicolas Kraemer. With Boyd as conductor, the orchestra has made commercial recordings of music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Felix Mendelssohn, Josef Rheinberger and Ralph Vaughan Williams. The orchestra has made other commercial recordings with Holliger, and other conductors such as Werner Andreas Albert.
Principal conductors
Franz Welser-Möst (1987–1990)
János Fürst (1990–1994)
Heinrich Schiff (1995–2001)
Jac van Steen (2002–2008)
Douglas Boyd (2009–2016)
Thomas Zehetmair (2016–2021)
Roberto González-Monjas (2021-present)
References
External links
Official German-language page on the history of the orchestra
Thomas Trappmann, "Ferne Geliebte...", German-language trade article from Classaktuell, 2007 (1st quarter)
Musical groups established in 1875
Swiss orchestras
Winterthur
1875 establishments in Switzerland
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3990585
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madge%20Networks
|
Madge Networks
|
Madge Networks NV was a networking technology company founded by Robert Madge, and is best known for its work with Token Ring. It was a global leader and pioneer of high-speed networking solutions in the mid-1990s, and also made significant contributions to technologies such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Ethernet.
The company filed for bankruptcy in April 2003. The operational business of the company is currently trading as Madge Ltd. in the UK. Under a deal with Network Technology PLC, the company acquired the rights and copyright to Madge's products, brand and website, as well as the remaining inventory. The assets will be absorbed by Network Technology PLC subsidiary Ringdale Limited, making them the world's largest supplier of Token Ring technology.
Technology development
Madge Networks was once one of the world's leading suppliers of networking hardware. Headquartered in Wexham, England, Madge Networks developed Token Ring, Ethernet, ATM, ISDN, and other products providing extensive networking solutions. The company's products ranged from ISA/PCI network adapters for personal computers to work group switching hubs, routers, and ISDN backbone carriers. Madge focus was to provide convergence solutions in Ethernet, Token Ring, ISDN, and the then emerging ATM networking technologies. In addition to its Wexham headquarters, Madge operated main offices in Eatontown, New Jersey and San Jose, California, as well as offices in more than 25 countries throughout the world.
Founded in 1986, Madge Networks was a pioneer in the networking market, the emergence of which went on to define internal and external communications among corporations in every industry. Madge Networks was one of the world's leading proponents of Token Ring technology, producing ISA, PCI, and PC card adapters, switches, stacks, and other devices required for its implementation of Token Ring technology.
In the late 1990s Madge Networks had taken a leading role in developing the standards and first implementations of emerging High-Speed Token Ring (HSTR) technology. This newer protocol provided for a dramatic increase in data transmission bandwidth, while remaining compatible with first-generation Token Ring technology.
The sale of their Ethernet technology (LANNET) to Lucent Technologies in July 1998 reduced Madge Networks' presence in the Ethernet market, a rival networking technology to the Token Ring standard. The company tightened focus in the ATM market, emerging video conferencing technology and other ISDN carrier applications. Madge produced switching, routing and WAN-LAN interfacing equipment to facilitate both intracorporate and intercorporate video conferencing. In the ISDN market, the trend to use digital telephone lines to increase data, voice, and video transmission bandwidth, led Madge to develop a line of Edge Switching Nodes (ESNs) and other miscellaneous carrier equipment.
Corporate history
One-time horseback riding instructor, Robert Madge entered the computer industry with Britain's Intelligent Software Ltd., designing computer-driven chess games. In 1986 Madge sought to set up his own business, opening shop on his family's Buckinghamshire farm.
Initial years
The Ethernet field was already crowded with competitors by the mid-1980s, where most of the money had been made by 3COM in the adapter market with their 3C509 series, then swiftly moving on to the Ethernet switching. Other companies avoided the Token Ring market in preference to IBM. Meanwhile, Madge developed a profitable business operating in IBM's shadow. Madge Networks introduced its first Token Ring products by 1987. The company quickly opened up a second headquarters in San Jose, placing the company closer to the heart of the worldwide computer industry, with advantageous results: the company's US customers believed it to be a large British company, while its UK customers saw it as a successful US company.
Robert Madge led his company to extending the technology, introducing new products, such as the Smart Ringnode in 1989 and the company's Fastmac, and Fastmac+ technology in 1990, bringing it to the forefront of Token Ring research and development. By the early 1990s the company had outpaced even IBM's development efforts, with the larger company recommending Madge Network's products to its own customers. An early boost came from the licensing of Madge's Fastmac technology to Cisco Systems in 1990.
The company's revenues for 1990 reached $18 million. One year later, Madge's revenues nearly doubled, to $34 million. The rise of computer networking, however, had only just begun. By the following year Madge's revenues would near $100 million. At the end of 1992 the company had managed to increase its share of the Token Ring market to seven per cent – still minor compared with IBM's 76 per cent share. Until the early 1990s, Madge had been focusing on producing adapter cards, which were fitted to individual computers to connect them to the network. The company's expanding product line soon included the hubs and switching components needed to route data and allow the adapter cards to communicate.
Madge Networks rose rapidly through the 1990s, boosted by the boom in computer networking and by its own leading Token Ring technology. Madge successfully chipped away at IBM's Token Ring market lead, building Madge's share to more than 16 per cent by mid-decade. Overall, IBM's market share quickly dropped below 50 per cent – a movement aided in part by licensing agreements between Madge and networking specialist Cisco Systems.
Expansion
In the 1990s Madge continued to expand its international presence, opening new offices in South Africa, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan and France and building its San Jose office into a second headquarters. To fuel the company's growth, Madge Networks went public in 1993, offering more than six million shares on the NASDAQ stock exchange. By 1994 Madge Networks' revenues had topped $213 million, an impressive growth, but still minor in comparison with its main market competitors, Cisco Systems, 3Com Corp., Bay Networks, and Cabletron Systems. In addition, many Fortune 1000 companies sought a broader range of networking products than Madge could offer. Although Madge had performed well in the Token Ring arena, its Ethernet capability was lacking – even as Ethernet became the networking technology of choice in the mid-1990s.
In 1995 Madge Networks and Lannet Data Communications (of the RAD Group of companies), an Israel-based networking specialist with a focus on LAN switches for Ethernet-based networks, agreed to merge operations in a stock swap valued at some $300 million. Lannet's operations were merged into Madge Networks, creating Madge's Ethernet division. With combined revenues of $283 million, Madge and Lannet were the smallest of the top five networking market leaders, but the combined company's product line offered a complete array of Token Ring and Ethernet products.
The merger gave Madge the ability to combine the rival networking technologies into hybrid systems and the capacity to bridge the company's products into the latest networking technology, ATM, or asynchronous transfer mode. By the mid-1990s companies were straining the limits of the existing networking technologies. As corporations joined more and more of their work force to the company network, their networks quickly ran short of bandwidth for transmitting data. The arrival of new networking applications – in particular, video conferencing and video data transfers, not only pushed bandwidth needs to the extreme, but threatened to cripple networks entirely. ATM's more efficient use of packet technology offered the prospective of dramatic bandwidth gains. Adoption of the technology would require corporations to rebuild their networking infrastructure, and Madge Networks readied not only its own ATM products, but also the hubs and switches needed to bridge existing Token Ring and Ethernet equipment to the new technology. The Lannet merger enhanced Madge's portfolio of LAN switches, needed to connect Ethernet and Token Ring stations to corporate ATM installations.
An important consideration is that Madge focussed on ATM as a Local Area Network (LAN) technology, and not as a carrier backbone Wide-Area Network (WAN) solution. In fact, Madge bet on ATM replacing not just Token-Ring and Ethernet, but even TCP/IP as THE desktop PC and laptop networking technology. This proved to be a costly mistake, when enterprise customers did not adopt ATM, opting to go to switched Ethernet instead. The company's ATM products were mostly unsuitable for the Carrier market, and so most of the company's investment in future products did not produce any returns. This wrong market/technology focus was a large factor in Madge's eventual failure.
Aiding Madge's growth was the 1995 agreement with Cisco Systems, by then global networking leader, to incorporate Madge's Token Ring switches into Cisco's products and to license other parts of Madge's Token Ring technology for future Cisco designs. At the same time, Madge gained access to Cisco-developed LAN and WAN switching software. Following on the Cisco agreement, Madge also prepared to step up its manufacturing capacity, with a new facility in Ireland.
By the end of 1995, the merged Madge-Lannet contained some 1,400 employees and achieved revenues of more than $400 million, all but 15 per cent of which coming from outside its UK base. The company's entry into 1996 continued its expansion efforts, including adding to its Israeli manufacturing capacity with a new $10 million plant in Jerusalem. In February 1996, acquired Teleos Communications Inc., along with that company's ISDN and WAN access products. Based in Eatontown, Teleos, which posted revenues of $24 million in 1995, cost Madge $165 million in a pooling of interests transactions. At the same time, Madge again deepened its relationship with Cisco Systems, broadening the company's licensing agreements to include Cisco's IOS software. This agreement never extended beyond the Sefton Park R&D facility and few customers were even aware of it or ever saw benefits from it; neither did their own support engineers.
At the end of 1996 Madge rolled out a new line of products to enhance its portfolio and bring the company into a new and increasingly important market: video conferencing. Madge's products placed the company in position to offer bridge solutions between the formerly independent data and video transmission technologies. Although the video conferencing market had yet to mature, Madge's move appeared to place it firmly near the lead to compete for what analysts considered a future boom market.
Decline
After years of strong expansion, the company's revenues for 1996 reached only $482 million. In 1997 the company began posting losses; analysts suggested that the company, in attempting to broaden its product line, had lost its product focus. By August 1997 the company was forced to restructure, laying off some 650 employees. During the mid-1990s, Madge had attempted to transfer the bulk of its headquarters operations to the United States, building up employee capacity around its San Jose offices. The market decline of ATM technology, however, proved difficult for the company to overcome. The choice was made to concentrate the company's activities in the similar England-Israel times zones, and the company's U.S. offices were scaled back.
Madge's restructuring continued to occupy the company into 1998. In late 1997 the company spun off its Ethernet division into a separate subsidiary, once again named Lannet. After denying early reports that it was looking to divest its Ethernet business, Madge agreed to sell Lannet to Lucent Technologies for $117 million in July 1998. During this period, Madge also moved to exit the manufacturing business, selling its Ireland plant to Celestica, an electronics contract manufacturer. The total cost of Madge's restructuring passed $50 million, but the company's renewed commitment to Token Ring technology appeared to have stabilized the company's balance sheet. By mid-1998 Madge had once again returned to profitability, but with only fifty or so employees.
In the late 1990s Madge's attention focused on developing the next-generation Token Ring technology, High-Speed Token Ring, offering scalable bandwidth from 16 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s, with future speeds reaching into the gigabit ranges. But abandoning Ethernet marked the beginning of the end for Madge Networks, a move capped by the zero return on extensive ATM investment, something they would never recover from. After 1998 they transformed yet again with wireless 802.11 technology, without success.
Madge Networks has now been absorbed into Ringdale Limited through a management buyout after Madge Networks filed for bankruptcy in 2003.
References
External links
Madge Networks N.V. History
2003 disestablishments in England
British companies established in 1986
Companies based in Slough
Companies disestablished in 2003
Defunct networking companies
Defunct technology companies of the United Kingdom
Ethernet
History of computing in the United Kingdom
History of Slough
Internet pioneers
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5382050
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20World%20According%20to%20Gob
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The World According to Gob
|
The World According To Gob is the third studio album by Canadian punk rock band Gob, and was released in Canada on October 10, 2000. It includes the singles "I Hear You Calling", "For The Moment", "No Regrets" and radio only single "That's The Way". The album was certified Gold in Canada on May 2, 2002. "I Hear You Calling" was re-recorded for the band's next album Foot in Mouth Disease which was released three years later.
Track listing
"For the Moment" - 3:29
"I Hear You Calling" - 3:12
"No Regrets" - 2:34
"Everyone Pushed Down" - 3:07
"Pinto" - 2:38
"Looking for California" - 3:59
"Sleepyhead" - 4:01
"Ex-Shuffle" - 2:42
"That's the Way" - 2:45
"Been So Long" - 3:14
"144" - 3:17
"Can I Resist" - 2:30
"Desktop Breaking" - 3:02
"Perfect Remedy" - 7:37 (Includes hidden track)
Personnel
Theo - Guitar, Lead Vocals on tracks 3, 8, 9, 12 and Backing Vocals
Tom - Guitar, Lead Vocals on tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14 and Backing Vocals
Craig - Bass, Backing Vocals
Gabe - Drums, Backing Vocals
Vasilis - Backing vocals
Neill King - Producer, engineer, mixing, backing vocals
Blair Calibaba - Engineer, mixing
Sheldon Zaharko - 2nd engineer
Stephanie Hill - 2nd engineer
Shaun Thingvold - 2nd engineer
Eddy Schreyer - Mastering
Trivia
The album's title alludes to The World According to Garp, a novel by John Irving.
References
2000 albums
Gob (band) albums
Nettwerk Records albums
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3990588
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floors%20Castle
|
Floors Castle
|
Floors Castle, in Roxburghshire, south-east Scotland, is the seat of the Duke of Roxburghe. Despite its name it is an estate house rather than a fortress. It was built in the 1720s by the architect William Adam for Duke John, possibly incorporating an earlier tower house. In the 19th century it was embellished with turrets and battlements, designed by William Playfair, for The 6th Duke of Roxburghe. Floors has the common 18th-century layout of a main block with two symmetrical service wings. Floors Castle stands by the bank of the River Tweed and overlooks the Cheviot Hills to the south.
Floors Castle is now a category A listed building, and the grounds are listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes, the national listing of significant gardens in Scotland. It is open to the public.
History
Background
The Ker family, Earls and Dukes of Roxburghe, have held lands in Roxburghshire since the 12th century. Their origins are not certain, but they were likely of Norman stock originally. Since the accession of Sir James Innes as Duke in 1812, they have used the double-barelled name "Innes-Ker".
The name of Floors Castle is thought to come either from "flowers" (or the French fleurs), or from the "floors", or terraces, on which the castle is built.
Early history
Although the present Castle lacks all defensive capabilities, and was built in a period when private fortresses had become obsolete in lowland Scotland, there was possibly a tower house on the site. Tower houses, or pele towers, were typical of the Scottish Borders. Until the early seventeenth century, the Anglo-Scottish border lands, or "Marches", were a lawless place where reprisal attacks were common, and which often took the form of cattle rustling or murders, carried on by gangs of Reivers. Floors also stands opposite the site of Roxburgh Castle, an important medieval fortress where King James II was killed during a siege in 1460.
The lands of Floors were held by the monks of Kelso Abbey, until the Reformation, when they were handed to Robert Ker of Cessford (1570–1650, later the first Earl of Roxburghe) by King James VI.
The country house
John, Earl of Roxburghe (1680–1741), played a role in securing the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, and was rewarded by being created Duke of Roxburghe. He commissioned the Scottish architect William Adam (1689–1748), father of Robert Adam, to design a new mansion incorporating the earlier tower house. It was built between 1721 and 1726, and comprised a plain block, with towers at each corner. Pavilions on either side housed stables and kitchens.
Around 1837, the 6th Duke (1816–1879) commissioned the fashionable architect William Playfair to remodel and rebuild the plain Georgian mansion house he had inherited. The present form of the building is the result of Playfair's work, and is in a similar style to his buildings at Donaldson's College, Edinburgh. In 1903, Duke Henry married the American heiress Mary Goelet. She brought with her from her Long Island home a set of Gobelins Manufactory tapestries, that were incorporated into the ballroom in the 1930s, and added to the collection several modern pictures by Walter Sickert and Henri Matisse, among others.
In popular culture
The castle featured in the 1984 movie Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes and was also featured on an episode of "An American Aristocrat's Guide to Great Estates" on the Smithsonian Channel and Amazon Prime Video: it first aired in 2020.
References
External links
RCAHMS Images on line, including historic photos, aerial views, and architectural drawings
Castles in the Scottish Borders
Category A listed buildings in the Scottish Borders
Country houses in the Scottish Borders
Gardens in the Scottish Borders
Historic house museums in the Scottish Borders
Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
Kelso, Scottish Borders
Listed houses in Scotland
William Adam buildings
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5382058
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastbourne%20Buses
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Eastbourne Buses
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Eastbourne Buses was a bus operator running within the Borough of Eastbourne and into the surrounding area, including Pevensey, Hailsham, Tunbridge Wells, Uckfield, and East Grinstead, with a fleet of around 50 vehicles. Eastbourne Buses was sold to the Stagecoach Group on 18 December 2008 for a reported £4 Million, beating Go-Ahead to the ownership.
History
Formed in April 1903, Eastbourne Buses claimed to be the first and oldest municipally owned motor bus operator in the world; the first bus service operated between Eastbourne railway station and Old Town.
In 2007, the company was fined over £25,000 for two accidents involving employees, one of which was fatal.
At the beginning of 2008, the traffic commissioner fined the company for failing to run services on time.
June 2008 reports had announced Eastbourne Council's intention to sell its majority shareholding in the company.
Sale to Stagecoach
In early November 2008, local press reports had indicated that the company was to be sold by the end of the year to either the Go-Ahead Group or Stagecoach Group. The employees' trade union, Unite, wrote to Eastbourne Borough Council to ask the Council to sell to the Go-Ahead Group, because of work conditions and a superior fleet.
On 25 November 2008, it was announced that Stagecoach was the preferred bidder. On 18 December 2008, Stagecoach took control of the Birch Road Depot.
It is not the first time Stagecoach have run services in Eastbourne. They had run services until late in 2000 before they were withdrawn. They still operate services to Hastings and Bexhill from Eastbourne.
The sale has caused considerable controversy, with MPs criticising the secrecy surrounding the sale and blaming each other's parties for the state the Eastbourne Buses got into, the Liberal Democrats claiming the Conservatives "failed to support Eastbourne Buses".
There has also been criticism of the low sale price for the company – revealed at £3.7 million, lower than the original report of 4 - and criticism of Stagecoach, one MP saying that the company has effectively been "given away for nothing". However, it was revealed that Go-Ahead had bid much lower at £2.85 million, so the council was forced to sell to Stagecoach, despite the union's calls.
In April 2007 the company nearly had to close as it was unable to pay for fuel. At that stage it was inevitable that the company would soon have to be sold.
In January 2009, rival company Cavendish Motor Services was also bought by the Stagecoach Group, making both companies one.
The Eastbourne Buses name was discontinued on 8 March 2009, with operations rebranded as Stagecoach in Eastbourne, which is now under the East Sussex operations of Stagecoach UK Bus.
Routes
Eastbourne Buses operated a number of different service types, including local services around Eastbourne town, as well as long-distance routes.
Town services
Eastbourne Buses ran five in-town services.
Long-distance services
There were 3 long-distance services.
School services
There were 2 school services.
Fleet
The Eastbourne bus fleet comprised a number of different vehicle types, of both older and new vehicles. Twelve new vehicles joined the fleet in January 2009 as part of the Stagecoach takeover, the majority of which were Alexander Dennis Enviro200 Darts.
Fleet before takeover:
Single decker
3 Dennis Dart SLF/Marshall
3 Dennis Dart SLF/Plaxton
1 Dennis Dart SLF/Caetano
8 DAF SB220/Ikarus
5 DAF SB220/Northern Counties
6 DAF SB120/Wright Cadet
10 MAN 14.220/MCV Evolution
Double decker
- Leyland Atlantean
2 Leyland Olympian/Alexander
1 DAF DB250/Northern Counties
6 DAF DB250/Optare Spectra
4 DAF DB250/Alexander ALX400
Trivia
One of the company's buses featured in the 2008 film Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging.
See also
List of bus operators of the United Kingdom
Brighton & Hove
Cavendish Motor Services
Stagecoach in Hastings
Stagecoach Group
References
External links
History of Eastbourne
Former bus operators in East Sussex
Former bus operators in West Sussex
Former bus operators in Kent
Stagecoach Group bus operators in England
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3990593
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force%20of%20Habit
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Force of Habit
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Force of Habit is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band Exodus, released on August 17, 1992 by Capitol Records. The sound of this album was a departure from the band's previous albums, focusing on a rather slower and experimental sound, which presented a mixture of progressive and groove metal. Many of the song titles are common figures of speech.
Force of Habit was Exodus's last release until their 1997 live album Another Lesson in Violence and their last studio album until 2004's Tempo of the Damned, as the band went on two extended hiatuses. This is Exodus's last album to feature John Tempesta on drums and is also their only album to feature Mike Butler on bass as well as the band's only release without the jagged edged "Exodus" logo that had appeared on all of the band's previous and subsequent releases. It was later re-released in 2008 in a limited edition mini-album packaging to resemble the original vinyl release, including the inner sleeve. This version was remastered and includes the bonus tracks from the Japanese release. Force of Habit was also the second and last Exodus album to include more than one cover song (the other being 1989's Fabulous Disaster).
Reception
Force of Habit received a mixed review from AllMusic's Roch Parisien, who stated that "Exodus slows the pace a notch, drops the guitars a register, and gives the thrash a little room to breathe." Guitarist Gary Holt stated on Metal Evolution that Force of Habit is his least favorite Exodus album. Martin Popoff in his Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal welcomed the slower tempos and described the album as "earth-shattering heavy" and a great improvement in "vocals, lyrics, everything".
Despite the album's mixed reception – and the fact that it did not chart on the Billboard 200 (like Exodus' previous three albums did) – the music videos for "Thorn in My Side" and "Good Day to Die" received considerable airplay by Headbangers Ball on MTV; the former was featured in "What's the Deal?", a 1995 episode of Beavis and Butt-head.
Track listing
Personnel
Exodus
Steve "Zetro" Souza – vocals
Gary Holt – guitars
Rick Hunolt – guitars
Michael Butler – bass
John Tempesta – drums
Additional musicians
Tower of Power Horn Section: Brandon Fields, Emilio Castillo, Greg Adams, Lee Thornburg, Stephen "Doc" Kupka – horns on track 4
Production
Produced and engineered by Chris Tsangarides
Assistant engineered by Chris Marshall and Sarah Bedingham
Mixed by Steve Thompson and Michael Barbiero at Riversound, New York City
Additional recording and remixing by Marc Senesac at The Plant, Sausalito, California
Mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound, New York City
Artwork by Ralph Steadman
References
Exodus (American band) albums
1992 albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Chris Tsangarides
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3990606
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Madge
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Robert Madge
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Robert Hylton Madge (born 2 April 1952) is a British entrepreneur and technologist.
Career
In the 1980s, he founded and was chairman of Madge Networks, a pioneer of high speed networking technology.
Once he was the President of IDTrack, a European Association for identification and traceability of goods based on technologies such as RFID. He was also the founder of Olzet, a provider of services associated with the implementation of RFID solutions in the food industry.
He was President of the European Association for Secure Identification.
References
1952 births
Living people
British technology company founders
People in information technology
Radio-frequency identification
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5382059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar%20River%20%28New%20Hampshire%29
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Sugar River (New Hampshire)
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The Sugar River is a river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
The Sugar River begins at the outlet of Lake Sunapee in the town of Sunapee, New Hampshire. The river flows west through the town of Newport and the city of Claremont, reaching the Connecticut across from the village of Ascutney, Vermont. Numerous falls and steep drops on the Sugar River have led to hydro-powered industrial development. Besides the large mill towns of Claremont and Newport, hydro-related developments occur in the villages of Sunapee, Wendell, Guild, and West Claremont. An inactive railroad known as the Concord to Claremont Line follows the Sugar River from Wendell to the river's mouth.
Tributaries of the Sugar River include the South Branch, entering in Newport, and the North Branch, entering between Newport and North Newport.
In popular culture
In the 1906 best-selling novel Coniston, "Coniston Water" was based on the Sugar River.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire
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5382064
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20N.%20Silvestri
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Peter N. Silvestri
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Peter N. Silvestri (born January 12, 1957) is a Canadian-American attorney and politician serving as member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners from the 9th district, which includes the Norwood Park and Dunning areas of the City of Chicago as well as the surrounding suburbs of Des Plaines, Elmwood Park, Harwood Heights, Morton Grove, Mount Prospect, Niles, Norridge, Park Ridge, River Forest, River Grove, Rosemont and Schiller Park. During part of his tenure as Cook County Commissioner, he was also the Village President of Elmwood Park, Illinois from 1989 to 2013.
In January 2022, Silvestri announced his retirement from the Cook County Board of Commissioners.
Early life and education
Silvestri was born in Brantford, Canada. As a child, Silvestri lived with his parents in Chicago and Italy. Silvestri has lived in Elmwood Park since 1971, and is a graduate of Elmwood Park High School. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from DePaul University and a Juris Doctor from the DePaul University College of Law.
Career
In 1977, at the age of twenty, Silvestri became the then-youngest person in Illinois elected to a local school board when he won a seat on the Elmwood Park Community Unit School District 401. He served on that board for two years, and was president of the board when he left to serve in other offices. Following Silvestri's exit from the school board, he served on the Zoning Board, Plan Commission, Civic Foundation, and as village trustee before his election to village president.
Village president of Elmwood Park
Silvestri succeeded Richard G. Torpe as Village President, defeating Jo Ann Serpico and Jeanne Ohr. While village president, Silvestri oversaw numerous beautification projects in the village, as well as efforts to modernize the police, fire, and public works departments. Silvestri also holds a good financial track record with the village, which is seen through the village's high bond rating, minimal debt and a reduced tax levy during his final year. Other accomplishments while in office include an expanded recreation center, the creation of Mills, Torpe and Central Parks and an expanded Bambi Park.
Cook County Commissioner
In 1993, the Cook County Board of Commissioners announced a move from two multi-member districts that elect ten members from Chicago and seven from the suburbs to seventeen single member districts. Silvestri was first elected to the Cook County Board of Commissioners in November 1994 over Commissioner Marco Domico who had been elected as part of the at-large election in 1990. As a member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners he serves as the chair for the Finance-Litigation and Zoning & Building committees. He is the vice chair of the committees for Contract Compliance, Human Relations and Law Enforcement as well as a member of the committees for Capital Improvements, Environmental Control, Rules & Administration and Technology. Additionally, like all commissioners, he is a member of the board for the Forest Preserve District of Cook County which is responsible for the management of 68,000 acres of forest preserves.
In January 2022, Silvestri announced his retirement from the Cook County Board of Commissioners.
References
External links
Official website
1957 births
Canadian emigrants to the United States
DePaul University College of Law alumni
Illinois lawyers
Illinois Republicans
Living people
Members of the Cook County Board of Commissioners
People from Elmwood Park, Illinois
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3990616
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie%20Fiennes
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Sophie Fiennes
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Sophia Victoria Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (; born 12 February 1967), better known as Sophie Fiennes, is an English film director and producer. She is the sister of actors Ralph Fiennes and Joseph Fiennes, director Martha Fiennes and composer Magnus Fiennes.
Career
Fiennes managed the UK based dance company The Michael Clark Company from 1992 to 1994 and began making her own films in 1998. With Peter Greenaway she worked on films and TV projects including Drowning by Numbers, The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover and Prospero's Books.
Films
Show and Tell
Made for ZDF/Arte is about Les Ballets C. de la B.'s dance performance VSPRS. A the dimensions of ecstasy and trauma that form the core of the performance are captured, whilst interviews with Platel and the dancers themselves are also included.
The Pervert's Guide to Cinema
Fiennes' documentary The Pervert's Guide to Cinema, is written and presented by the philosopher and psychoanalyst Slavoj Žižek.
Fiennes and Žižek then filmed a followup, The Pervert's Guide to Ideology. The format is similar, with Žižek speaking from within reconstructed scenes from films. This time the films include Full Metal Jacket, Taxi Driver, They Live and The Sound of Music.
Family
Fiennes is the daughter of the photographer Mark Fiennes and the novelist and painter Jennifer Lash. She is the sister of Ralph, Martha, Magnus, Joseph and Jacob Fiennes. In an interview with the Evening Standard, Fiennes said that "We were the branch of the family everyone was slightly embarrassed by."
Awards
Fiennes was awarded a NESTA fellowship in 2001.
Filmography
1998 Lars from 1-10
2001 Because I Sing
2002 Hoover Street Revival
2005 Ramallah! Ramallah! Ramallah!
2006 The Pervert's Guide to Cinema
2007 VSPRS Show and Tell
2010 Over Your Cities Grass Will Grow
2012 The Pervert's Guide to Ideology
2017 Grace Jones: Bloodlight and Bami
Notes
References
External links
Sophie Fiennes at the British Film Institute
Sophie Fiennes on the Financial Times
Sophie Fiennes at the Danish Film Institute
Sophie Fiennes at the Austrian Film Commission
English film directors
English film producers
English women film directors
English people of Irish descent
English people of Scottish descent
Sophie
People from Suffolk
People from Wiltshire
1967 births
Living people
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5382070
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Reid%20%28Canadian%20politician%29
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James Reid (Canadian politician)
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James Reid (August 2, 1839 – May 3, 1904) was a Canadian entrepreneur and parliamentarian from British Columbia.
Reid was born in Wakefield, Lower Canada, the son of James Reid and Ann Maxwell, and was educated in Hull, Quebec and Ottawa. He moved to British Columbia in 1862, with a cousin, nearly perishing on the trip to the northern Cariboo region. Reid eventually prospered as a miner and established his own business empire in Quesnellemouth (now Quesnel). In 1883, he married Charlotte Clarke. Reid's business included saw and flour mills, mining operations, riverboat construction and the main general store in Quesnel. Reid owned his own riverboat, the Charlotte which was one of the main supply vessels into the area.
Reid was elected to Member of Parliament for Cariboo as a Liberal-Conservative in an 1881 by-election on the death of incumbent MP Joshua Spencer Thompson. He was acclaimed in the following federal election and re-elected in 1887. Prime Minister Macdonald appointed Reid to the Senate in 1888. He held that office until his death in Vancouver in 1904.
References
External links
Photograph of Reid’s general store from virtualmuseum.ca
Photograph of Reid’s flour mill from virtualmuseum.ca
1839 births
1904 deaths
Canadian senators from British Columbia
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
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5382090
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA%20Rock%20Paper%20Scissors%20League
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USA Rock Paper Scissors League
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The United States of America Rock Paper Scissors League was a national competition league for the hand game rock paper scissors. The first national champion was crowned on April 9, 2006, at the USARPS League Championship, which was held at the Mandalay Bay Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada and televised by the A&E Network on June 12. Mario Anastasov (The champion) was awarded a $50,000 cash prize.
The 2007 USARPS League National Championship aired on ESPN2 on July 7. Trey Wingo and "Master Roshambollah" (Jason Simmons) hosted, Leeann Tweeden was the tableside reporter, and Phil Gordon was the head referee. Michael Federico, of Las Vegas, NV, beat David Borne in the final match to win first place and the $50,000 grand prize. Contestants came from across the nation to compete in Las Vegas.
The league was developed by marketer Matti Leshem, who remained the league's commissioner.
A 2014 web article quoted Simmons as saying the League was defunct.
References
Sources
Citations
External links
USARPS on Myspace
Rock paper scissors
2006 establishments in Nevada
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5382091
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lollandsbanen
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Lollandsbanen
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A/S Lollandsbanen was a Danish railway company operating the Nykøbing F–Nakskov line mostly on the island of Lolland. Established in 1954, it was based on the remains of Det Lolland-Falsterske Jernbane-Selskab (LFJS). The company received funding from the now defunct Storstrøm County and from the central government.
The company was merged with Vestsjællands Lokalbaner A/S and Østbanen into a new company, Regionstog A/S, on 1 January 2009 and then on 1 July 2015 into Lokaltog A/S.
See also
Regionstog
Rail transport in Denmark
References
External links
Official website
Photos
LJ at The Railfaneurope.net Picture Gallery
Railway companies established in 1954
Railway companies disestablished in 2009
Defunct railway companies of Denmark
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3990619
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Storm%20Matthew%20%282004%29
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Tropical Storm Matthew (2004)
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Tropical Storm Matthew was a weak tropical storm in the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season that made landfall on Louisiana. It was the thirteenth tropical storm of the season and the ninth to affect the United States. It formed over the western Gulf of Mexico on October 8 and struck south-central Louisiana two days later. The combination of the storm and an upper cyclone over the southern Plains brought heavy rains to much of the Gulf Coast, with the highest amounts reported over 15 inches (381 mm) in northern Louisiana. Damage was minimal, totaling $305,000 (2004 USD), and no casualties were reported.
Meteorological history
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 19. The wave moved westward, but was difficult to track due to its proximity to Hurricane Lisa and another large tropical wave. It passed through the Lesser Antilles, and slowly organized as convection increased due to an upper-level low. On October 5, it entered the Gulf of Mexico, and developed an area of low pressure two days later. The system continued to organize, and on October 8, after developing a circulation, it developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen while located 205 miles (330 km) to the southeast of Brownsville, Texas.
The depression moved to the east-northeast, and quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Matthew. Operationally, Matthew fluctuated between tropical depression and tropical storm status, but in post-season analysis, the storm remained a tropical storm. The storm turned to the northeast while moving around the periphery of a high pressure system over Texas, and attained a peak intensity of 45 mph (70 km/h) on October 9. Strong wind shear limited further strengthening, and on October 10, Matthew struck Cocodrie, Louisiana as a minimal tropical storm. It became an extratropical cyclone, occluding near the time of landfall.
After it merged with the system, the storm moved inland over Arkansas, Tennessee and the Ohio Valley. While moving inland, Matthew spun off another low pressure system that formed over North Carolina on October 13. The low moved off the Mid-Atlantic coast before hitting Massachusetts two days later, and later merged with the original low pressure system of Matthew.
Preparations
Initially, forecasters at the National Hurricane Center predicted that Matthew would take a more eastern track and hit the Florida Panhandle. Because the track shifted westward, the National Hurricane Center issued a Tropical Storm Warning from the Florida/Alabama border to Intracoastal City, Louisiana on the day before landfall.
Impact
Though damage was minor throughout its path, Matthew dropped moderate to heavy rainfall across much of the Gulf Coast, peaking at over 15 inches (381 mm) in portions of Louisiana.
Louisiana
Upon making landfall, Matthew caused a storm surge of up to 5.85 feet (1.8 m) in Frenier, Louisiana. The storm surge and waves resulted in significant beach erosion in Grand Isle. Matthew produced heavy rainfall across its path, totaling to 16.23 inches (410 mm) in Reserve in the southeastern portion of the state. Portions of northwestern Louisiana experienced significant rainfall, including a peak of 18 inches (460 mm) in Haynesville near the Louisiana/Arkansas border. In addition, Matthew spawned one tornado, causing damage to the roof of a trailer in Golden Meadow. The rainfall also caused rivers to crest higher than normal, including the Killian River which peaked at 5.7 feet (1.7 m).
Rainfall and storm surge flooded 20 homes in Terrebonne Parish. In addition, several homes in Lafouche Parish experienced flooding, including two with over two feet of water. Numerous homes in Golden Meadow experienced flooding, as well. The flooding also forced the temporary closing of numerous roads across the state, including portions of U.S. Route 11 and Interstate 10. Flood waters from the storm cracked a water line in LaPlace, leaving nearly 30,000 residents and many businesses without tap water. The problem was expected to take little time to fix, though residents were advised to boil the water before drinking it. Matthew also left 2,500 people without power for a short period of time. The storm's impact also closed several schools, forcing school administrators to reschedule plans for making up school closings caused by Hurricane Ivan one month earlier. In all, Matthew caused no deaths and $255,000 in damage (2004 USD).
Elsewhere
As the storm made landfall, the outer-bands of Matthew brought heavy rains in Florida. The rain was reported as far south as Naples. In Pensacola, 30 mph (48 km/h) gusts were reported, as well rainfall totaling up to 3 to 4 inches (75 to 100 mm). In Alabama, wind gusts peaked at 47 mph (75 km/h) at Dauphin Island. The storm produced light rainfall across the state, totaling to 2.74 inches (70 mm) at Grand Bay. In addition, Matthew produced tides of 1 to 3 feet (.3 to .9 m) above normal, causing minor to major beach erosion. The beach erosion, which typically would have been minor for a weak storm, was greater than expected due to the passage of Hurricane Ivan just weeks before. No major damage was reported in Alabama. In Mississippi, winds gusts peaked at 45 mph (72 km/h) with sustained winds of 39 mph (63 km/h) in Waveland. Storm surge ranged from 2 to 4 feet (.6 to 1.2 m) along much of the coastline, though Waveland reported a peak of 5.13 feet (1.56 m). Rainfall totals were mainly between 2 and 4 inches (50 to 100 mm). Damage in Mississippi totaled to $50,000 (2004 USD).
Matthew produced moderate rainfall on its west side, as well. Portions of Texas and Oklahoma experienced over 5 inches (127 mm) of rain, while southern Arkansas received over 10 inches (255 mm) of rainfall. The rainfall was well-received due to a period of dry weather in the area. Though it slowed harvest activities, it aided pastures. Rainfall patches left in Matthew's reached as far north as Northeastern Ohio.
See also
Other storms of the same name
Tropical cyclone
Timeline of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season
List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)
References
External links
Matthew's Tropical Cyclone Report
Matthew Flooding
Matthew rainfall totals
Matthew
Matthew (2004)
Matthew (2004)
Matthew (2004)
Matthew (2004)
Matthew (2004)
Matthew (2004)
Matthew (2004)
Matthew (2004)
2004 natural disasters in the United States
Matthew
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5382112
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Albert%2C%20Ontario
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St. Albert, Ontario
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St. Albert is a small town in The Nation Township in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located on the South Nation River, about southeast of Ottawa.
St. Albert has a few streets, along with a community centre, a church, a primary school, a woodshop, a hardware shop. It also has two old age residences. It is surrounded by farmland. The town is known for the St. Albert brand of cheese, made by the local cheese factory. It also hosts an annual Curd Festival. The cheddar cheese curd has won many awards in various competitions. St-Albert is looking to expand its population with a new street opening soon, giving homeowners a choice of single-family homes, duplexes and an apartment buildings.
On February 3, 2013, a fire destroyed the St. Albert Cheese Factory, leaving 125 factory workers and 50 producers (roughly one fifth of the town’s population) unemployed for the foreseeable future. The cause of the fire is still under investigation. The damage was estimated to be $25 million, though no one was injured. The NHL's Ottawa Senators donated a pair of tickets to a future game to each employee affected by the fire on behalf of player André Benoit, who worked at the factory as a teenager.
See also
The Nation Municipality
Embrun
Casselman
References
The Cornwall Daily
Ottawa Citizen
CBC News
CTV News
National Post
The Globe and Mail
Saint Albert, Ontario
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3990627
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattat
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Mattat
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Mattat () is a small community settlement in northern Israel. Located near the Lebanese Border between the cities of Ma'alot-Tarshiha and Safed, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council. In it had a population of .
History
The village was founded in 1979 by a group of families from an organisation called HaSukah, and was the first settlement of the "Lookouts in the Galilee" plan. It is located on the land of the Palestinian villages of Dayr al-Qassi and Al-Mansura, both depopulated in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Today many of its residents are employed in local industry and agriculture. Tourism is also an important source of income, and Mattat's scenic setting is featured by several small hotels.
Mattat's name is equivalent in gematria to 840, its altitude in metres. The high location and mountainous region provides the town with a relatively temperate climate. Summer temperatures rarely break 30°C and humidity is low, and summer nights are even chilly. The winters are cold and wet, with an average of over 800mm precipitation, including the occasional snow.
References
Community settlements
Populated places established in 1979
Populated places in Northern District (Israel)
1979 establishments in Israel
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5382116
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20battles%20of%20the%20Eighty%20Years%27%20War
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List of battles of the Eighty Years' War
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List of battles of the Eighty Years' War:
Battle of Oosterweel: March 13, 1567
Battle of Rheindalen: April 23, 1568
Battle of Heiligerlee: May 23, 1568
Battle of Jemmingen: July 21, 1568
Battle of Jodoigne: October 20, 1568
Battle of Le Quesnoy: November 12, 1568
Capture of Brielle: April 1, 1572
Siege of Haarlem: 1572–1573
Battle of Flushing: April 17, 1573
Battle of Borsele: April 22, 1573
Battle on the Zuiderzee: October 11, 1573
Siege of Alkmaar: 1573
Siege of Leiden: 1573–1574
Battle of Reimerswaal: January 29, 1574
Battle of Mookerheyde: April 14, 1574
Battle of Gembloux: January 31, 1578
Battle of Rijmenam: July 31, 1578
Siege of Maastricht: 1579
Battle of Punta Delgada: July 26, 1582
Siege of Antwerp: 1584–1585
Battle of Boksum: January 17, 1586
Capture of Axel: July 17, 1586
Battle of Zutphen: September 22, 1586
Battle of Gravelines: July 29, 1588
Capture of Breda: 1590
Siege of Nijmegen (1591)
Siege of Coevorden (1592)
Luxemburg campaigns
1st: 14 January – 10 February 1593, including the Siege of Sankt Vith
2nd: January–June 1595, including the Siege of Huy (1595)
Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)
Siege of Groningen (1594)
Battle of Turnhout: January 24, 1597
Siege of Groenlo (1597): 1597
Siege of Bredevoort (1597): 1597
Battle of Nieuwpoort: July 2, 1600
Siege of Ostend: 1601–1604
Battle of Sluys: May 26, 1603
Siege of Sluis (1604): 1604
Siege of Groenlo (1606): 1606
Battle of Gibraltar: April 25, 1607
Battle of Playa-Honda: April 15, 1617
Battle of Gibraltar (1621): August 6, 1621
1st Siege of Breda: 1624–1625
Siege of Groenlo (1627): 1627
Battle in the Bay of Matanzas: September 7–8, 1628
Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch: 1629
Capture of Maastricht: 1632
2nd Siege of Breda: 1637
Battle of Kallo: June 20, 1638
Battle of the Downs: October 31, 1639
Siege of Hulst: 1645
Battle of Puerto de Cavite: June 10, 1647
References
The works of John Lothrop Motley (1814–1877) give an old but very detailed account of the Dutch republic in this time— (free E-texts)
Geyl, Pieter. (1932), The Revolt of the Netherlands, 1555–1609. Williams & Norgate, UK.
Israel, Jonathan I. (1998), The Dutch Republic. Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 155–230
(2007) [2001] Monarchies, States Generals and Parliaments. The Netherlands in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Cambridge U.P.,
Parker, Geoffrey (2nd ed. 1990), The Dutch revolt, Penguin books, London
Eighty Years' War
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3990631
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20kisaeng
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History of the kisaeng
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The history of the kisaeng covers the entire second millennium, from the Goryeo dynasty to modern South Korea. The kisaeng system first emerged in the early Goryeo period, and was at its height in the middle Joseon Dynasty. The kisaeng were contribute to entertain others, such as the Yangbans and kings. although some kisaeng also held positions of importance in the court or in literary culture. A strange silence hangs over the official histories of Korea when it comes to the kisaeng. They enter only occasionally into official records such as the Goryeosa or Joseon Wangjo Sillok. Yet references to kisaeng are quite widespread in the "anecdotal histories" of later Joseon, and Silhak thinkers such as Yi Ik and Dasan gave some thought to their role and station in society. Even today, many formal histories of Korea pay little or no heed to the story of the kisaeng. For example, Ki-baek Lee's New History of Korea does not contain a single reference to the kisaeng.
Origins
There are various theories concerning the origin of the kisaeng. The first such theory was formulated by the scholar Dasan, and theories have multiplied as the kisaeng themselves have receded further into the past.
One theory actually places their origins in the Silla dynasty, among the wonhwa, female predecessors of the hwarang. However, there is little to suggest a concrete link between Silla's wonhwa and the later kisaeng. Also, the wonhwa seem to have been chosen from among the aristocracy, whereas kisaeng were always members of the lower classes. For these reasons, few contemporary scholars support this theory.
Many others trace their origins to the early years of Goryeo, when many people were displaced following the end of the Later Three Kingdoms period in 936. At this time, a large number of Baekje people wandered the country. It is not clear whether this nomadic lifestyle was already established, or a consequence of the recent turmoil. In fact, a connection between these wanderers and the nomadic tribes of Manchuria has been conjectured. The first king of Goryeo, Taejo, considered these wanderers to be a threat to the stability of the state. He ordered that they be made into slaves of the government. Although no certain records exist, it is likely that the first kisaeng were drawn from these former wanderers.
Goryeo
Regardless of their origins, kisaeng first emerged as a class and rose to prominence during the Goryeo Dynasty, 935–1394. They are first mentioned in the early 11th century. At this time, they were primarily engaged in skilled trades such as needlework, music, and medicine. The female entertainers of the court during this period filled a role similar to that later filled by almost all kisaeng.
Due to the growth of the kisaeng class, during the reign of Myeongjong the state began to keep records (called gijeok) of the kisaeng living in each jurisdiction. Around this time, the state also made its first efforts to set up educational institutions to train kisaeng entertainers. These academies were known as gyobang, and first appear in history with their abolition by King Hyeonjong in 1010. However, they were re-established in the reign of Chungnyeol. The gyobang provided training in the dangak and sogak musical styles.
The women trained in the gyobang were exclusively court entertainers. Their role in the affairs of the court became increasingly important as the dynasty progressed. They entertained both the king and visiting dignitaries, a role which continued into the Joseon period. In addition, beginning in the reign of Munjong, they performed at official ceremonies of the state.
Just as the origin of the kisaeng is unclear, so is their precise relation to other strata of society. The female entertainers who appear in records are exclusively kisaeng of the court, and are recorded as slaves of the government.
Joseon
Goryeo was succeeded by the Joseon Dynasty, 1394–1910. During the Joseon dynasty, the kisaeng system continued to flourish and develop, despite the government's deeply ambivalent attitude toward it.
Joseon was founded on Neo-Confucian ideals, and the Neo-Confucian scholars of the time took a very dim view of professional women and of the kisaeng class in particular. There were many calls for the abolition of the kisaeng, or for their exclusion from court, but these were not successful—perhaps because of the influence of the women themselves, or perhaps because of fear that officials would take to stealing the wives of other men. One such proposal was made during the reign of Sejong, but when an advisor of the court suggested that the abolition of the class would lead to government officials committing grave crimes, the king chose to preserve the kisaeng.
During the brief and violent reign of Yeonsan-gun, 1494–1506, kisaeng became symbolic of royal excess. Yeonsan-gun treated women as primarily objects of pleasure, and made even the medicinal women into entertainers (yakbang gisaeng). Yeonsan-gun brought 1,000 women and girls from the provinces to serve as palace kisaeng; many of them were paid from the public treasury. He may have been the first to institute a formal hierarchy among them, dividing the kisaeng of the palace into "Heaven," those with whom he slept, and "Earth," those who served other functions.
In 1650, all kisaeng were made slaves of the government. The kisaeng attached to a government office were known as gwan-gi, or "kisaeng of the office." Their role did not, by law, include sexual service to the officeholder; in fact, government officials could be punished severely for consorting with a kisaeng. However, in practice kisaeng were often forced to serve the officeholder. A distinction was sometimes made between those gwan-gi who were obliged to sleep with the officeholder, and those who were not. This distinction was featured in the popular lay Chunhyangga.
The Gabo Reform of 1895 officially abolished the class system of Joseon, and slavery as well. From that year forward, all kisaeng became nominally free. In practice, many kisaeng, like many other slaves, continued in servitude for many years. In addition, many of those who were freed had no alternative career; they continued as entertainers, now without the protections afforded by kisaeng status. During the subsequent decade, many of these kisaeng went to Japan to work.
Notes
Remarked upon by Ahn (2000b), p. 79.
Specifically during the reigns of Hyeonjong and Munjong (Hwang 1997, p. 450).
This was asserted by Yi Neung-hwa, author of the first history of the kisaeng (Hwang 1997, p. 449).
Hwang 1997, loc. cit.
The Silhak scholar Dasan traced the origin of the class to Myeongjong's creation of the gijeok, but most contemporary scholars believe that the class had already emerged earlier in the dynasty (Hwang 1997, p. 450).
Kim (1976), p. 54.
Song (1999), p. 35.
Kim (1976), pp. 54–55.
Kim (1976), p. 55.
Kim (1976), p. 139.
Hwang (1997), p. 450. The advisor was Heo Jong.
Kim (1976), p. 138.
Kim (1976), p. 139.
Hwang (1997), p. 451.
Breen (2004), p. 88.
So asserted by Ahn (2000a), p. 94.
Hwang (1997), p. 452. According to Hwang, he terms used were 겉수청, or "surface government servants," and 살수청, or "flesh government servants."
Hwang (1997). However, according to Ahn (2000a, p. 298), Chunhyang could refuse the magistrate's advances because her body-price had already been paid and her name had been removed from the gijeok, meaning she was no longer a kisaeng.
Mentioned in a U.S. News & World Report article of 1999, quoted here: .
References
(In two volumes).
(Tr. from Japanese original)
Kim, Dong-uk. (1963). Women's literary achievements (Yi Dynasty). Korea Journal 3(11), 33–36.
McCann, David. (1977). Traditional world of kisaeng. Korea Journal 14(2), 40–43.
See also
History of Korea
History of sexuality
History of Korea by topic
Joseon dynasty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20bass
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European bass
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The European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a primarily ocean-going fish native to the waters off Europe's western and southern and Africa's northern coasts, though it can also be found in shallow coastal waters and river mouths during the summer months. It is one of only six species in its family, Moronidae, collectively called the temperate basses.
It is both fished and raised commercially, and is considered to be the most important fish currently cultured in the Mediterranean. In Ireland and the United Kingdom, the popular restaurant fish sold and consumed as sea bass is exclusively the European bass.
In North America it is widely known by one of its Italian names, branzino.
European bass are a slow-growing species that takes several years to reach full adulthood. An adult European seabass usually weighs around . European bass can reach sizes of up to in length and in weight, though the most common size is only about half of that at . Individuals are silvery grey in color and sometimes a dark-bluish color on the back.
Juveniles form schools and feed on invertebrates, while adults are less social and prefer to consume other fish. They are generally found in the littoral zone near the banks of rivers, lagoons, and estuaries during the summer, and migrate offshore during the winter. European sea bass feed on prawns, crabs and small fish. Though it is a sought-after gamefish, it is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature because it is widespread and there are no known major threats.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
The European bass was first described in 1758 by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in his work Systema Naturae. He named it Perca labrax. In the century and a half following, it was classified under a variety of new synonyms, with Dicentrarchus labrax winning out as the accepted name in 1987. Its generic name, Dicentrarchus, derives from Greek, from the presence of two anal spines, "di" meaning two, "kentron" meaning sting, and "archos" meaning anus. The European bass is sold under dozens of common names in various languages. In the British Isles it is known as the "European bass," "European seabass," "common bass," "capemouth," "king of the mullets," "sea bass," "sea dace," "sea perch," "white mullet," "white salmon," or simply "bass".
There are two genetically distinct populations of wild European bass. The first is found in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and the second is found in the western Mediterranean Sea. The two populations are separated by a relatively narrow distance in a region known as the Almeria-Oran oceanographic front, located east of the Spanish city of Almería. The exact reason for this separation is unknown, as the geographic divide itself should not account for a lack of gene flow between the two populations. The larval stage of the European bass can last up to 3 months, during which it is unable to swim well, and even a small amount of water flow should transport some individuals between the two regions. In addition, juveniles are able to survive temperature and salinity changes and adults are capable of migrating hundreds of miles.
Distribution and habitat
European bass habitats include estuaries, lagoons, coastal waters, and rivers. It is found in a large part of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from southern Norway to Senegal. It can also be found in the entire Mediterranean Sea and in the southern Black Sea, but is absent from the Baltic sea. It is a seasonally migratory species, moving further inshore and north in summer.
Diet and behaviour
The European bass is mostly a night hunter, feeding on small fish, polychaetes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. They spawn from March to June, mostly in inshore waters. As fry they are pelagic, but as they develop they move into estuaries, where they stay for a year or two.
Fisheries and aquaculture
Capture fisheries
Annual catches of wild European bass are relatively modest, having fluctuated between 8,500 and 11,900 tonnes in 2000–2009. Most of the reported catches originate from the Atlantic Ocean, with France typically reporting the highest catches. In the Mediterranean, Italy used to report the largest catches, but has been surpassed by Egypt.
The fish has come under increasing pressure from commercial fishing and became the focus in the United Kingdom of a conservation effort by recreational anglers. The Republic of Ireland has strict laws regarding bass. All commercial fishing for the species is banned and several restrictions are in place for recreational anglers, a closed season May 15 – June 15 inclusive every year, a minimum size of 400 mm, and a bag limit of two fish per day. In a scientific advice (June 2013), it is stressed that fishing mortality is increasing. The total biomass has been declining since 2005. Total biomass, assumed as the best stock size indicator in the last two years (2011–2012), was 32% lower than the total biomass in the three previous years (2008–2010).
Farming
European bass was one of the first types of fish to be farmed commercially in Europe. They were historically cultured in coastal lagoons and tidal reservoirs, before mass-production techniques were developed starting in the late 1960s. It is the most important commercial fish widely cultured in the Mediterranean. The most important farming countries are Greece, Turkey, Italy, Spain, Croatia, and Egypt. Annual production was more than 120,000 tonnes in 2010.
References
External links
European bass
Fish of Europe
Marine fauna of North Africa
Fish of the Black Sea
Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
Fish of the North Sea
European bass
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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