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3989467
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemonade%20Stand
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Lemonade Stand
|
Lemonade Stand is a business simulation game created in 1973 by Bob Jamison of the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC). In it, the player moves through several rounds of running a lemonade stand, beginning each round by making choices dependent on their current amount of money about their stock, prices, and advertising. In each round, the results are randomized based on the player's inputs, as well as affected by random events such as thunderstorms and street closures. Each round ends with a summary of the player's current status, and the game ends after 12 rounds.
In 1979, the game was ported by Charlie Kellner to the Apple II; Apple subsequently included the game with their computers throughout the 1980s. MECC also offered the game for sale as a part of bundles of children's software for Apple computers and Atari 8-bit computers. Kellner's source code was released, and has since been ported to modern computers as a free, open-source game. Reviewers of the game, both contemporary and retroactive, viewed the game as a good primer for children with regard to business and decision-making processes.
Gameplay
The game simulates a child's lemonade stand, where choices made by the player regarding prices, advertising, etc. will determine the success or failure of the enterprise. The game owed its success to offering just enough variables to create a complex challenge for users, while still providing an easy-to-grasp introduction to running a business.
The player is first given a weather report for the day (sunny, cloudy, or hot and dry, each accompanied by a color drawing) and is prompted for three values: the number of glasses of lemonade to make, the number of advertising signs, and the cost of lemonade per glass. The program then gives a report of the earnings for that day. A thunderstorm, sometimes occurring on cloudy days and accompanied by an animation, will void any profits and cause the player to lose any investment for the day. Other random events, such as street closures or the wind blowing away some signs, can also occur. The game ends after 12 rounds, or days. The game can be played either single-player or with up to 30 players (each player is independent and the sales of one do not affect another). The Apple II version included music, with bars from "Singin' in the Rain," "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head," and "Summertime" played at appropriate moments. It also added color to the thunderstorm animation.
Development
Lemonade Stand was originally developed by Bob Jamison of the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium in 1973 for time-shared mainframe computers. Charlie Kellner ported the game to the Apple II platform in February 1979 and Apple included it for free with their computers throughout the 1980s.
Legacy
In 1982 David H. Ahl reviewed the game along with five other business-management simulations in Creative Computing; he indicated that it was simpler than most, and likely aimed at children, and said that it was a good teaching game for children about businesses. He also noted that it was free on Apple computers, and available for sale for the same system as part of a bundle of seven games for children for US$25 from MECC. MECC also sold the game as part of a package for Atari 8-bit computers. Elizabeth Ghaffari, in Tapping the Wisdom that Surrounds You, claimed that the game was "the perfect vehicle to introduce the microcomputer to family and friends and to convince them that technology could be a fun and positive force in their life."
Kellner's Applesoft BASIC source code has been available since 1979. The game was later ported to modern REALbasic and released as free and open-source software for many platforms like Windows and macOS.
A Hebrew version of the game was published in Israel in the 1980s.
See also
Lemonade Tycoon, a similar, more recent game
References
External links
Codenautics' port of the Apple II game to Windows and Mac OS
1973 video games
1979 video games
Business simulation games
Apple II games
Mainframe games
Public-domain software with source code
Open-source video games
Video games developed in the United States
The Learning Company games
BASIC software
Free software programmed in BASIC
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5381102
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20ferric%20citrate
|
Ammonium ferric citrate
|
Ammonium ferric citrate has the formula (NH4)5[Fe(C6H4O7)2]. A distinguishing feature of this compound is that it is very soluble in water, in contrast to ferric citrate which is not very soluble.
In its crystal structure each moiety of citric acid has lost four protons. The deprotonated hydroxyl group and two of the carboxylate groups ligate to the ferric center, while the third carboxylate group coordinates with the ammonium.
Uses
Ammonium ferric citrate has a range of uses, including:
As a food ingredient, it has an INS number, and is used as an acidity regulator . Most notably used in the Scottish beverage Irn-Bru.
Water purification.
As a reducing agent of metal salts of low activity like gold and silver.
With potassium ferricyanide as part of the cyanotype photographic process.
Used in Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA) test to identify enterobacteriaceae bacteria by observing their metabolism of different sugars, producing hydrogen sulfide
In medical imaging, ammonium ferric citrate is used as a contrast medium.
As a hematinic.
See also
Food additive
List of food additives
References
Ammonium compounds
Citrates
Iron(III) compounds
MRI contrast agents
Photographic chemicals
Double salts
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5381116
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANcouver
|
LANcouver
|
LANcouver was a LAN party first hosted on the North Shore of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was started in January 2004 and has hosted seven successful events, with the last event in July 2011. The event has attracted an average of approximately 50–120 attendees per event. LANcouver is a BYOC (Bring Your Own Computer) event, which means that everyone attending brings their own PC desktop or laptop. Network resources (such as switches and network cable) and power connections are supplied and connected by the administrators on-site during the event, who also host the various servers required for playing LAN based games such as Team Fortress 2, Counter-Strike: Source, and Unreal Tournament. LANcouver organizers have also been responsible for running tournaments at other events such as GottaCon 2012.
2006 World Cyber Games event
LANcouver 6 was a registered World Cyber Games qualifying event, and hosted qualifying tournaments for the national championships. The qualifying matches hosted at LANcouver events were:
Warcraft III: Frozen Throne
Starcraft: Brood War
Counter Strike 1.6
FIFA 2006 (PC)
LANcouver 2011
In late 2010, LANcouver founders announced that an event was in the works for some time in 2011. In early 2011, that year's LANcouver event was announced, making it the first time that a year was given to the title rather than a number. LANcouver 2011 was the 7th event and was planned to be much larger than all previous events, while also incorporating other game types not played on computers such as Xbox 360 tournaments, Warhammer 40,000 events, and Magic: The Gathering and other TCG (trading card game) events.
LANcouver 2011 was held at the Great Northern Way Campus. For the first time the event was hosted in the City of Vancouver proper and not a suburb.
The main PC gaming events for LANcouver 2011 were StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty, Counter-Strike: Source, and League of Legends. Console events were held as well, with the following main tournaments: Marvel vs Capcom 3, Call of Duty: Black Ops, and Super Smash Bros. Brawl.
LANcouver 2012 presented by ASUS
LANcouver 2012 was announced in late March 2012 and was held at the Richmond Olympic Oval, just outside Vancouver in neighboring Richmond, BC. Sponsors included ASUS (Presenting), NCIX (Retail Sponsor), Kingston Technology, Antec, Shaw Cablesystems, Compu2000, ROCCAT, and more.
The event was host to three major tournaments: League of Legends (5v5), StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty (1v1), and Counter-Strike Global Offensive (5v5). The top Canadian StarCraft II player received a trip to Toronto for 2012's World Championship Series qualifier, and competed to win a spot on Team Canada for the World Finals later that year, in addition to a top-end ASUS gaming notebook.
Attendance was approximately 175 out of 200 BYOC spots, and over 150 spectators attended throughout the weekend.
LANcouver 2013 presented by NCIX
In March 2013, LANcouver organizers revealed that the 9th event would be held at the NCIX Warehouse in Richmond, BC, and that the event would also be title sponsored by NCIX. The departure from the Richmond Olympic Oval allows for several key factors from 2012 to be addressed, such as the lack of darkness during nighttime hours. It was also announced that NCIX would be holding a Warehouse Sale simultaneously, with early ticket purchasers for LANcouver getting early access to the NCIX sale.
Tournaments in 2013 included League of Legends, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, StarCraft, and others. New for 2013 were VIP seats, advertised as being in a "special seating area" and with features like privacy curtains, reduced noise, better seating and complementary refreshments. Other new features included a live broadcast of the LANcouver University panel sessions, improved networking, and an increase in prizing for the entire event. Nvidia's Shield Portable handheld gaming system had its Western Canada debut at LANcouver, and attendees were able to try the new system before it went on sale.
LANcouver 2014 and 2015
In April 2014, rumours surfaced that LANcouver organizers had been planning a special 10th anniversary for 2014. The event would also be the 10th since founding. Speculations included a 350-seat BYOC, multi-genre gaming, console tournament, or even live finals for a major international eSports event. In late 2014 it was revealed that LANcouver would miss out on hosting an event for that year, with a followup to be provided in 2015. In Spring of 2015 it was revealed that a 10th LANcouver event is in full planning for late 2015. Several reasons were given for the lack of an event in 2014, mainly concerning the organizer's personal schedule (LANcouver is run by one person) as well as difficulty securing an adequate venue within budget requirements.
LANcouver Event Listing
External links
LANcouver Tournament
Events in Vancouver
LAN parties
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3989485
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Chandler%20Poker%20Cup
|
Victor Chandler Poker Cup
|
The Victor Chandler Poker Cup (often abbreviated to The Victor Poker Cup or The VC Poker Cup) was a poker tournament held in 2004 and 2005 in England for broadcast on Sky Sports.
The £5,000 buy-in event commenced in 2004 and is played out in a no limit Texas hold 'em format.
2004
The event was held from 23-24 July in London. 100 competitors took part, with the following making the final table.
The event is noted for featuring three of the four members of The Hendon Mob at the same final table, together with John Kabbaj, who is considered their unofficial fifth member.
Other British players who played the event include Jac Arama, Bruce "Elvis Senior" Atkinson, "Barmy" Barny Boatman, Dave "El Blondie" Colclough, Victoria Coren, Zac Goldsmith, Vinnie Jones, John McCririck, Grub Smith, Willie "The Dice Man" Tann, Simon "Aces" Trumper, Dave "The Devilfish" Ulliott, Mickey "The Worm" Wernick and "Mad" Marty Wilson.
Foreign players included "Gentleman" Liam Flood, Noel Furlong, Tony G, Mel "Silver Fox" Judah, "The Flying Dutchman" Marcel Lüske, "The Don" Donnacha O'Dea, Padraig Parkinson, Barry Shulman and Charalambos "Bambos" Xanthos.
2005
The event was held from 1-5 August in London. 96 competitors took part, with the final 12 competitors progressing to semi-finals.
Semi-Final 1
Semi-Final 2
Final
External links
Official site
Poker tournaments in Europe
Poker television shows
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3989502
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duan%20Sui
|
Duan Sui
|
Duan Sui (; died 386) was a monarch of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Yan dynasty. He was the only ruler of the short-lived state who was not a member of the Murong clan, the imperial clan of the Western Yan.
He was a general under the emperor Murong Chong, whose people wanted to return east to their homeland but who, after capturing the Former Qin capital Chang'an, wanted to settle in Chang'an, against the wishes of his people. In spring 386, the general Han Yan (韓延) assassinated Murong Chong in a coup and supported Duan Sui as the Prince of Yan. About a month later, however, the officials Murong Heng (慕容恆) and Murong Yong ambushed Duan Sui and killed him. They supported Murong Yi, the son of the Former Yan Prince of Yidu Murong Huan (慕容桓) as the new Prince of Yan.
References
Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 106.
Western Yan rulers
386 deaths
Year of birth unknown
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5381123
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservation%20of%20Separate%20Amenities%20Act%2C%201953
|
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, 1953
|
Separate Amenities Act, Act No 49 of 1953, formed part of the apartheid system of racial segregation in South Africa.
The Act legalized the racial segregation of public premises, vehicles and services. Only public roads and streets were excluded from the Act.The Section 3b of the Act stated that, the facilities for different races did not need to be equal, while Section 3a, made it legal not only to supply segregated facilities, but also to completely exclude people, based on their race, from public premises, vehicles or services. In practice the best facilities were reserved for whites while those for other races were inferior.
Municipalities quickly made use of the Act to pass by-laws that reserved certain areas for whites only.
On 20 June 1990, the South African Parliament voted to repeal the Act, and on 15 October 1990, it was finally repealed by the Discriminatory Legislation regarding Public Amenities Repeal Act.
A notable exception to the segregation that was implemented following the Act was the Johannesburg Zoo and Zoo Lake. Due to requirements in the "Deed of Gift", under which the land for the zoo and lake was acquired, segregation was not permitted and consequently the zoo and public park where the lake is located was open to all races from the time they were established.
References
External links
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, 1953 on Wikisource
Apartheid laws in South Africa
1953 in South African law
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3989505
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Kerruish
|
Mike Kerruish
|
His Honour John Michael Kerruish QC (2 November 1948 – 14 July 2010) was a Manx lawyer, who was the First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls on the Isle of Man.
Early life
Born on 2 November 1948 to John Daniel and Olive Mona Kerruish, he was educated at Douglas High School for Boys, and later went on to study at University of Leeds.
Career
He acted as Deputy Governor and as the Lieutenant Governor for a period of about a month in 2005. Formerly he was the Second Deemster and prior to that Attorney General and thus sat in the Legislative Council.
Deemster Kerruish Award
The Deemster Kerruish Award was created two days after Kerruish's death. This award is to be presented "to the young lawyer who has shown most endeavour and progress in the preceding year".
Personal life
Kerruish married Marianne (née Butt) in 1973. They remained together until his death in July 2010. They had 1 son and 1 daughter together.
Death
He died of cancer at Hospice Isle of Man on 14 July 2010 at the age of 61.
References
|-
1948 births
2010 deaths
Manx judges
Manx politicians
Deaths from cancer in the Isle of Man
Manx people
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5381129
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary
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Ordinary
|
Ordinary or The Ordinary often refer to:
Music
Ordinary (EP) (2015), by South Korean group Beast
Ordinary (Every Little Thing album) (2011)
"Ordinary" (Two Door Cinema Club song) (2016)
"Ordinary" (Wayne Brady song) (2008)
"Ordinary", song by Train from Alive at Last (2004)
Religion
Ordinary (Catholic Church), a supervisor, typically a bishop, in charge of a territory comparable to a diocese, or a major superior of a religious institute
Ordinary (church officer), an officer of a church or civic authority who by reason of office has ordinary power to execute laws
Ordinary (liturgy), a set of texts in Roman Catholic and other Western Christian liturgies that are generally invariable
Ordinary (lecture), a type of lecture given in universities of the Middle Ages
Other
An archaic usage meaning tavern
Ordinary (film), a 2012 Malayalam-language film
Ordinary (heraldry), a simple geometrical figure displayed on a shield
Ordinary of arms, a roll or register of coats of arms, arranged systematically by design
Ordinary, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
Ordinary, Virginia, an unincorporated community
The Ordinary, novel by Jim Grimsley
The Ordinary, play by William Cartwright
The Ordinary, Canada-based skincare brand founded by Brandon Truaxe
Ordinary bicycle, the original type, the penny-farthing
Max is the Best!! :3
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5381134
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Blake
|
Rod Blake
|
Rod Blake (born 15 June 1952) is a former Australian rules football ruckman whose career spanned a thirteen-year period beginning in 1971. He played a total of 176 games in the Victoria Football League (VFL), kicking 113 goals.
History and Achievements
Blake began his career with Geelong in the VFL in 1971 after being recruited from local Geelong & District Football League (GDFL) club Inverleigh. Blake did not truly cement his spot in the first eighteen however until 1979, when he took over from Sam Newman as the number one ruckman.
Blake was considered a lightweight at 93.5 kg (206 lbs); however, Blake compensated for this potential disadvantage with agility and height – towering over his peers at 199 cm (6 ft 6.5in). In 1980 he won the club's best and fairest award, the Carji Greeves Medal and started out as a favourite for the Brownlow Medal, but fell just short – finishing on 19 votes, four behind the winner Kelvin Templeton of Footscray.
Blake retired following the conclusion of the 1983 VFL season. During his career Blake represented the Victorian state side three times. He is the father of former Geelong player Mark Blake.
External links
Player profile at the Geelong Football Club
The Age: Cats want AFL rethink on father-son rule revamp
1952 births
Living people
Carji Greeves Medal winners
Geelong Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Sportspeople from Geelong
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5381140
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo%20Diogo
|
Paulo Diogo
|
Paulo da Cruz Diogo (born 21 April 1975) is a Swiss former professional footballer of Portuguese descent. He played much of his professional career in the Swiss first division.
He is now manager of ES FC Malley which he joined in July 2021.
Career
On 5 December 2004, playing for Servette FC in an away game against FC Schaffhausen, Diogo set up a goal for Jean Beausejour in the 87th minute of the game. By way of celebration, he jumped up on the metal perimeter fence separating the fans from the pitch. Unnoticed by him, his wedding ring caught in the barrier (Diogo had married not long before). As he jumped off the fence, much of his finger tore off along with the ring.
To add insult to injury, referee Florian Etter then penalized him with a yellow card for excessive time-wasting with his "celebrations". In fact, the match stewards were searching for his finger. Later that night, Diogo was taken to a Zürich hospital, but the doctors failed to re-attach the severed part of the finger and advised that the remaining part of his finger be amputated to the first joint. He has continued to play football since the accident. The event generated international commotion, and served as a warning of the danger of hanging on places or objects while using any type of ring, such as the wedding ring.
After being released by Sion, he signed for FC Schaffhausen on 28 January 2006.
References
External links
weltfussball.de profile
Lausanne Sport profile
Swiss footballers
Swiss amputees
1975 births
Living people
Swiss people of Portuguese descent
FC Lausanne-Sport players
Servette FC players
Grenoble Foot 38 players
FC Schaffhausen players
FC Sion players
Yverdon-Sport FC players
Swiss disabled sportspeople
Association football midfielders
Sportspeople from the canton of Vaud
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5381161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowcraft%20Amusement%20Park
|
Bowcraft Amusement Park
|
Bowcraft Amusement Park or Bowcraft Playland was a small amusement park located on U.S. Route 22 West in Scotch Plains, New Jersey. At the time of its closing, it contained 21 rides appropriate for both children and adults. Bowcraft Amusement Park was open weekends from May through October and daily June through Labor Day.
The park's history dates to 1946, when an archery and skiing enthusiast named Ted Miller opened a small archery and ski equipment store, complete with a small ski slope on-site, and named it Bowcraft Park.
In the 1980s, the park included a miniature golf course, which was eventually removed to make room for an overall expansion of both the park itself and the parking area.
The park offered a choice between purchasing tickets for individual rides, or an all-inclusive "Fun-Pass" which gives the ticket holder unlimited riding.
In 2016, a developer purchased the property with plans to demolish the park and build 190 apartments and 10 townhomes. The town of Scotch Plains scheduled a hearing to discuss the application for the planned property development on September 26, 2016. The park owners issued a statement saying that despite the planned development, closure was not imminent, and the park would open for the 2017 season in April as always.
The park permanently ceased operations in October 2018 and in the following month, all official park websites and social media pages were deactivated, and the park's rides were put up for sale on various websites.
Former Attractions/Rides
Kiddie Rides
Merry Go Round
Frog Hopper
Helicopters
Big Trucks
Motorcycle Jump
Kiddie Boats
Family Rides
Balloon Ride
Drop Zone
Super Slide
Train Xpress
Speedway
Popp
Dragon Coaster (sold to Clementon Park and Splash World)
Tilt A Whirl
Bumper Cars
Thrill Rides
Galleon Pirate Ship (sold to Alabama Splash Adventure)
Muzik Express
Paratrooper
Scrambler
Crossbow roller coaster
Other Attractions
Other attractions in the park included a children's play area, arcade, and midway carnival games.
Film appearances
The conclusion of the 1991 film Mortal Thoughts was filmed there, and the park is featured on the film's poster.
The opening scene from the 1994 movie North was filmed at Bowcraft.
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Union County, New Jersey
Amusement parks in New Jersey
1970 establishments in New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Union County, New Jersey
Scotch Plains, New Jersey
Defunct amusement parks in the United States
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5381171
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get%20Him%20Back
|
Get Him Back
|
"Get Him Back" is a song written by American singer Fiona Apple and produced by Mike Elizondo and Brian Kehew for her third album Extraordinary Machine (2005). It was released as a promotional CD single only to triple-A radio as the album's fourth single on February 6, 2006 (see 2006 in music).
In 2003 Extraordinary Machine, which was originally produced by Jon Brion, was submitted to Sony Music executives, who were reportedly unenthusiastic about the finished product and shelved it. On February 26, 2005 radio DJ Andrew Harms at 107.7 The End in Seattle began playing previously unheard tracks from a bootleg copy of Extraordinary Machine, and before long, poor quality copies of "Not about Love", "Get Him Back" and "Used to Love Him" were circulating on the internet. Soon after, CD-quality versions of all the tracks were released through the BitTorrent website TorrentBox. An extensively reworked version of Extraordinary Machine, co-produced by Mike Elizondo and Brian Kehew, was released in October 2005.
The Chicago Tribune published a track-by-track comparison of the leaked and official versions of the album, and wrote of "Get Him Back": "Brion's drum fills are more pronounced and strings underscore the vocals, while the Roots' Ahmir Thompson gives the Elizondo-Kehew version a more linear groove." Blender magazine ranked the official version of the song at number thirty-five on its list of "The 100 Greatest Songs of 2005", and a "205 Best Songs to Download from 2005" article in the New York Post placed it at number thirty.
Formats & track listing
Acetate promo CD single:
1. Get Him Back (Radio Edit)
2. Get Him Back (Album Version)
Personnel
Piano by Fiona Apple
Drums by Ahmir "Questlove" Thompson
Moog bass by Mike Elizondo
Keyboards by Keefus Ciancia
Notes
External links
Lyrics
2006 singles
Fiona Apple songs
2005 songs
Songs written by Fiona Apple
Song recordings produced by Mike Elizondo
Epic Records singles
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5381177
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTYM
|
KTYM
|
KTYM (1460 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish language Catholic radio format from ESNE Radio. Licensed to Inglewood, California, United States, the station serves the Los Angeles area. KTYM is owned by El Sembrador Ministries of Chatsworth, California.
History
Early years
Albert John Williams obtained the construction permit for a new daytime-only radio station on 1460 kHz in Inglewood on August 1, 1957. The station signed on February 14, 1958, airing a format of popular and semi-classical music; the same day, KTYM-FM 103.9 debuted as a simulcast. It had a policy of no back-to-back commercials. The FM was known for its programming for the Black community in southern California at night; by 1964, KTYM-AM-FM was just one of five racially integrated radio stations in the region. Meanwhile, the AM added several foreign-language programs. The station increased its power to 5,000 watts directional in 1962, having been approved for the upgrade the year before.
At the end of 1963, Williams transferred the KTYM stations to the Trans America Broadcasting Corporation, wholly owned by Williams.
Anti-Semitism inquiry
In June 1966, the Federal Communications Commission renewed the license of KTYM by a 5–1 vote. The decision was contentious because of a program that the station aired, "Richard Cotten's Conservative Viewpoint". The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) took umbrage with two airings of this program in October 1964 and May 1965, claiming that they linked Jews to communism and included personal attacks on the league. However, the commissioners said that, despite their "strongest personal feelings" against the content of the programs, they could not intervene in the matter without becoming "the censor of broadcasting" and cited that KTYM had offered the group air time under the Fairness Doctrine. The decision was decried by local labor groups and Jewish organizations.
The ADL would appeal the case to the Supreme Court of the United States, which declined to take it up in 1969. That same year, Williams bought Fresno television station KAIL-TV for $236,500.
Later years and sale to ESNE
Williams reached a deal in 1971 to sell KTYM-FM to the Black-owned Avant Garde Broadcasting, headed by Clarence Avant. He spent much of the decade starting up KDWN, a 50,000-watt AM station in Las Vegas. The station was approved for 500 watts at night in 1979. Personalities that hosted programs on KTYM included Stewart Alexander and Earl Ofari Hutchinson.
Williams died in 2005.
KTYM primarily aired a mix of religious talk shows and paid programming. On March 17, 2014, Trans America reached a deal to sell KTYM to IHR Educational Broadcasting, operator of the Immaculate Heart Radio network. However, the KTYM purchase was put on hold. On July 22, 2014, Immaculate Heart Radio announced the purchase of Spanish-language KHJ, which switched formats to Catholic religious programming. In March 2015, the sale of KTYM to Immaculate Heart Radio was approved by the FCC; six months later, KTYM was instead sold to El Sembrador Ministries, which operates six other radio stations in California and Mexico and one station in Chicago.
References
External links
TYM
TYM
1958 establishments in California
Radio stations established in 1958
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3989509
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20for%20Foreign%20Affairs%20%28Greece%29
|
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Greece)
|
The Minister for Foreign Affairs () is the senior minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece.
The incumbent Minister for Foreign Affairs is Nikos Dendias of New Democracy.
Ministers for Foreign Affairs since 1974
External links
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Hellenic Aid
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece)
Lists of government ministers of Greece
Ministries established in 1833
1822 establishments in Greece
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3989513
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary%20and%20Philosophical%20Society%20of%20Newcastle%20upon%20Tyne
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Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne
|
The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne (or the Lit & Phil as it is popularly known) is a historical library in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, and the largest independent library outside London. The library is still available for both lending (to members) and as a free reference library.
Founding
Founded in 1793 as a "conversation club" by the Reverend William Turner and others – more than fifty years before the London Library – the annual subscription was originally one guinea. The Lit and Phil library contained works in French, Spanish, German and Latin; its contacts were international, and its members debated a wide range of issues, but religion and politics were prohibited. Women were first admitted to the library in 1804.
In February 2011, actor and comedian Alexander Armstrong became President of the Lit & Phil. He launched their funding appeal at a special gala event.
At the start of 2012, membership of the Library reached 2,000, the highest number since 1952.
History
During the 19th and 20th centuries, the Lit & Phil was host to a long list of the intelligentsia of the era. Engineer and inventor George Stephenson showed his miner's lamp there, and in 1879, when Joseph Swan demonstrated his electric light bulbs, the Lit and Phil building became the first public building to be so illuminated.
The Society received in 1800 the country's first specimens of the wombat and the duck-billed platypus from John Hunter, Governor of New South Wales and honorary member of the Lit and Phil.
Between 1822 and 1825, a new building was created for the Society on Westgate Road, designed by John Green. The building is still in use today, with many original features including iron-work second-floor galleries.
Presidents
Notable members
Amongst the historic and contemporary members are the following:
Notes
Sources
Newcastle city council page
Association of Independent Libraries
The National Archives
External links
Society website
Learned societies of the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Newcastle upon Tyne
Culture in Newcastle upon Tyne
Philosophical societies in the United Kingdom
1793 establishments in England
Organizations established in 1793
John and Benjamin Green buildings and structures
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3989515
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliconia%20acuminata
|
Heliconia acuminata
|
Heliconia acuminata (syn.: Heliconia pearcei Rusby) is a species of plant in the family Heliconiaceae. It is an erect herb, typically growing 1.6 m tall, native to the South American countries of Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru. It is also grown as an ornamental plant in other regions.
References
acuminata
Flora of Brazil
Flora of French Guiana
Flora of Guyana
Flora of Suriname
Flora of Venezuela
Flora of Bolivia
Flora of Peru
Garden plants
Plants described in 1831
External links
Heliconia acuminata observations on iNaturalist
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3989524
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruja%20%28novel%29
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Bruja (novel)
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Bruja is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel.
Plot summary
L.A. is shocked when a woman attacks a priest. The woman had just confessed to the priest that she had murdered her own son. Meanwhile, Angel and Co. get reports of a woman fighting with teens across L.A. The woman appears to be everywhere, a 'bruja' - a witch. She may be an embodiment of "La Llorona," known in Spanish lore as the "Weeping Woman."
The priest soon goes into a coma, but Angel Investigations is busy with other matters: Doyle has a vision of a young mother and her son in danger at the docks. Meanwhile, Cordelia's looking for a big-shot producer's missing wife. Angel must find the connections between the missing wife and recent events.
Continuity
Supposed to be set early in Angel season 1, before the episode "Hero".
Characters include Angel, Cordelia Chase, Allen Francis Doyle.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2001 American novels
2001 fantasy novels
Novels by Mel Odom
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3989527
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney%20General%20%28Isle%20of%20Man%29
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Attorney General (Isle of Man)
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The Attorney General () of the Isle of Man is the Government's top legal adviser and has an ex officio (non-voting) seat in the Legislative Council and in Tynwald Court.
The Attorney General is a Crown officer, rather than a member of the Isle of Man Government. He is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the UK Secretary of State for Justice.
The office is currently vacant after the death in January 2022 of John Quinn QC, who first held the post in an acting capacity until 2017, while Stephen Harding was suspended and after Harding resigned. Harding was charged with perjury and committing acts against public justice, but after two trials in which the juries were unable to agree a verdict, it was announced that no further criminal proceedings would be taken.
List of attorneys general
John Quillin, 1765–1768
Charles Searle, 1768–1774
Sir Wadsworth Busk, 1774–1797
William Frankland, 1797–1816
John (?James) Clarke, 1816–1844
Charles Richard Ogden, 1844–1866
Sir James Gell, 1866–1898
George Alfred Ring, 1898–1921
Ramsey Bignall Moore, 1921–1945
Sydney James Moore, 1945–1957
George Moore, 1957–1963
David Leighton Lay, 1963–1972
Arthur Christian Luft, 1972–1974
John William Corrin, 1974–1980
Thomas William Cain QC, 1980–1993
Michael Kerruish QC, 1993–1998
John Corlett QC, 1998–2011
Stephen Harding QC, 2011–2012
John Quinn QC,
acting, 2013–2017
substantive, 2017–2022
See also
Justice ministry
Politics of Isle of Man
References
External links
Official website of Attorney General
Government of the Isle of Man
Manx law
Isle of Man
Prosecution
Justice ministries
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3989528
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Summoned
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The Summoned
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The Summoned is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel. Tagline: "Who is next to be marked for death?"
Plot summary
Doyle's at the supermarket when his latest vision comes. He sees images of fear, fire, death, and an ornately engraved old amulet. The Powers That Be are not being too specific. When Doyle awakens an anxious young woman named Terri Miller is helping him.
Terri is a shy woman from a small town, and new to Los Angeles. Soon after meeting Doyle, who disappears without saying thank-you, a charismatic man invites her to meet him at a club to which he belongs.
Meanwhile, Angel and his team are investigating a murderer who seems to be burning his victims beyond recognition. Several of the dead are connected to Terri's newfound friends, and Cordy suddenly finds herself with an amulet that seems very familiar.
Continuity
Supposed to be set early in Angel season 1, before the episode "Hero"
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia, Doyle, Kate Lockley.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Shadowcat.name - Review of this book
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2001 fantasy novels
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3989543
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockpile
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Rockpile
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Rockpile was a British rock and roll band of the late 1970s and early 1980s, noted for their strong pub rock, rockabilly and power pop influences, and as a foundational influence on new wave. The band consisted of Dave Edmunds (vocals, guitar), Nick Lowe (vocals, bass guitar), Billy Bremner (vocals, guitar) and Terry Williams (drums).
Rockpile recorded almost enough material for five studio albums, though only one (Seconds of Pleasure) was released under the Rockpile banner. Three other albums (Tracks on Wax 4, Repeat When Necessary, and Twangin...) were released as Dave Edmunds solo albums, and one more (Labour of Lust) was released as a Nick Lowe solo album. Scattered Rockpile tracks can also be found on a few other Lowe and Edmunds solo albums. Additionally, Rockpile served as backing group on tracks recorded by Mickey Jupp in 1978 and Carlene Carter in 1980.
Band history
Guitarist/vocalist Edmunds had recorded a 1972 solo album titled Rockpile, and on his tour in support of the album, he billed his band, which included Terry Williams on drums, as Dave Edmunds and Rockpile. However, the band broke up after the tour, and Edmunds returned to studio work. One of the artists that he produced was the pub rock band Brinsley Schwarz, managed by Dave Robinson and led by bassist/singer Nick Lowe. Their 1974 album, The New Favourites of... Brinsley Schwarz, produced by Edmunds, pushed the band into a power pop mode and included the original version of "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding". Brinsley Schwarz broke up after the release of the album, and Lowe began doing session work with Edmunds, including Edmunds' 1975 solo album Subtle as a Flying Mallet.
When Dave Robinson and Jake Riviera co-founded Stiff Records, Lowe was the first artist signed to the label, and he and Edmunds recorded new material for release under Lowe's name. Stiff promoted its ties to Edmunds. However, the relationship between Edmunds and Riviera was always rocky, and in 1976 Edmunds signed a solo contract with Led Zeppelin's Swan Song Records, rejecting Riviera and Stiff. With help from Lowe and Terry Williams, Edmunds recorded a new solo album, Get It. Lowe and Edmunds then formed a new version of Rockpile, with Williams returning on drums and Billy Bremner joining as rhythm guitar and third vocalist.
Despite the pressures from having its two leaders signed to different labels, Rockpile toured in 1976-77 as the opening act for Edmunds' new labelmates Bad Company, and Edmunds also provided some archive tracks to Stiff for release on Stiff compilations. However, as Lowe and Stiff became increasingly popular, Rockpile went into an on-again, off-again status. In 1977, Lowe became part of the "Five Live Stiffs" tour without Rockpile. Only Terry Williams was intended to be included in Lowe's backing band, which was called 'Nick Lowe's Last Chicken in the Shop'. At the last minute, however, Edmunds also joined the band, and, although Bremner did not participate in this tour, Rockpile was soon back in business full-time.
Rockpile appeared as a backing band on one track of Lowe's debut solo album, released in March 1978 with different track listings and titles in the UK and the US. The UK version (Jesus of Cool) featured Rockpile on the live recording of "Heart of the City", while the US album (Pure Pop for Now People) featured the Rockpile studio track "They Called It Rock", credited as being written by Nick Lowe/Dave Edmunds/Rockpile.
Meanwhile, Edmunds' 1978 solo album (Tracks on Wax 4) was the first album to be completely a Rockpile album; Edmunds sings all lead vocals. The album included the same live version of "Heart of the City," except with Edmunds' lead vocal overdubbed in place of Lowe's. Rockpile toured behind both the Lowe and Edmunds releases in 1978. The band also backed Mickey Jupp on side one of his Stiff album Juppanese, produced by Lowe.
In 1979, Rockpile simultaneously recorded Edmunds' Repeat When Necessary and Lowe's Labour of Lust. The recording process was the subject of the TV documentary [Born Fighters]. Jake Riviera left Stiff Records and, taking his artists (Lowe, Elvis Costello, and the Yachts), moved to Radar Records in the UK (although Riviera Global Productions stayed with Columbia Records in the US). Edmunds' contract with Swan Song was unaffected by this change.
Rockpile (under solo artists' names) enjoyed hits in 1979 on both sides of the Atlantic with Edmunds' "Girls Talk" (a top 20 hit in both the UK and Canada) and Lowe's "Cruel to Be Kind" (top 20 in the UK, Canada and the US). Labour of Lust was awarded a gold album in Canada and Repeat When Necessary was awarded a silver album in the United Kingdom. Rockpile also played in the 29 December 1979 Concerts for the People of Kampuchea with Elvis Costello & the Attractions and Wings, where they were joined onstage by Led Zeppelin lead singer Robert Plant (co-owner of Swan Song). Robert Plant also joined when Rockpile played a UK university tour (at least Warwick University) at about this time. Two of the band's songs were included in the concert album.
Seconds of Pleasure
In 1980, Edmunds submitted the solo album Twangin..., which was mostly a collection of outtakes from his previous solo albums, to complete his Swan Song contract, freeing Rockpile to record a true band record for Jake Riviera's new label F-Beat Records. Released in autumn 1980, Seconds of Pleasure featured lead vocal turns by Edmunds, Lowe and Bremner, and spawned the minor hit "Teacher, Teacher", sung by Lowe. Twangin... was issued six months after Seconds of Pleasure, and featured Rockpile on nine of its eleven tracks.
Rockpile also backed Lowe's new wife Carlene Carter (Johnny Cash's stepdaughter) on most of her 1980 album Musical Shapes. In August Rockpile played the noted Heatwave festival near Toronto, which with 100,000 attendees was the first large punk or new wave music event, and where Rockpile were the most experienced of the several major bands. But tensions between Lowe and Edmunds led to the band's dissolution in 1981. As Lowe put it, "We got together for fun and when the fun had all been had we packed it in." Edmunds said the breakup was due mainly because of his displeasure with the band's manager, Jake Riviera.
Bremner and Williams appeared on several Lowe albums throughout the 1980s, but Lowe and Edmunds did not work together again until Lowe's 1988 album Pinker and Prouder Than Previous. Edmunds also produced Lowe's 1990 album "Party of One." In 2011, "Teacher, Teacher" appeared in the opening credits of the film Bad Teacher.
Since 2011, there have been a total of five different live Rockpile album releases, the most recent being in 2021. Live At Rockpalast from 2013 also includes a DVD of their 1980 live show. The listings for each of their live releases are in the discography section below.
Members
Billy Bremner – guitar, vocals (1976–1981)
Dave Edmunds – vocals, guitar (1976–1981)
Nick Lowe – bass guitar, vocals (1976–1981)
Terry Williams – drums (1976–1981)
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Live at Montreux, 1980: released in 2011 by Eagle RecordsLive at Rockpalast, 1980: released in 2013 by Repertoire RecordsLive at The Palladium, 1979: released in 2017 by Vogon
Live in New York, 1978: released in 2020 by Laser Media
The Boston Show, 1979: released in 2021 by Laser Media
Singles
References
External links
British rock and roll music groups
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups disestablished in 1981
Columbia Records artists
English new wave musical groups
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3989551
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope%20and%20Homes%20for%20Children
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Hope and Homes for Children
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Hope and Homes for Children (HHC) is a British registered charity operating and working with children, their families and communities in several countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Africa, to help children grow up in safe and productive environments. The charity moves children out of institutions into family-based care, helps keep together families who are at risk of breakdown due to the pressures of poverty, disease or conflict, and works to prevent child abandonment.
History
Hope and Homes for Children was established by Mark Cook, a retired colonel, and his wife Caroline. The first project was an orphanage in Croatia, in a town called Lipik. Cook was posted there as part of the United Nations Protection Force. Initially, he and other soldiers repaired war-damaged orphanages before realising that what children really required was a family. Hope and Homes for children then began to pioneer the deinstitutionalisation of orphanages and children's homes. By August 2018, the charity had closed 105 institutions in nine countries, prevented around 20,000 children entering or re-entering institutions and had helped to change childcare systems.
Programmes
The charity's stated mission is "to be the catalyst for the global elimination of institutional care of children". They do this by keeping families together and avoiding separation. They also aim to reunite children with families by closing institutions; where this is not possible they set up alternative family care arrangements such as adoption, fostering and small family homes. The model of deinstitutionaliation that they have developed has been recognised as best practice by UNICEF and the World Health Organization.
Hope and Homes for Children work in six countries in Eastern Europe and two in Africa.
Bosnia
Bosnia is the first country that Hope and Homes worked in. Having initially renovated orphanages there it learnt that what children really need is a family and instead developed a model to close them with, starting with Dom Most Institution. HHC continues to support the reform of the child care system there.
Bulgaria
A pilot institution for babies was closed at Teteven in 2010 in partnership with TBACT; it stimulated the government who then asked HHC to close eight more in the Sofia, Pernik, Montana, Ruse, Gabrovo, Targoviste, Plovdiv and Pazardzhik regions.
Romania
When HHC started working in Romania there were 100,000 children living in Romanian orphanages, and by 2010 there were less than 7,500. It is the largest programme for Hope and Homes for Children, and they have led the closure of institutions and established replacement services in several counties. Working with ARK and the Romanian Government they aim to end the institutionalisation of children by 2020.
Moldova
HHC's work to close the Cupcui institution in Moldova earned a Human Rights Award from the United Nations Development Programme and other UN agencies, showcasing initiatives promoting human rights in Moldova. In 2012 they completed the closure of Sarata Noua, the first institution for children with learning disabilities in Moldova. They went on to focus on two of the four baby institutions in Moldova, in order to cut off the supply to school-age institutions, ensuring children grow up in family based care.
Ukraine
HHC has been working in Ukraine since 1999. They have demonstrated models that the government has later adopted, such as for small family homes and mother and baby units. They closed the Makariv institution and set up replacement services to support children and families.
Rwanda
Having developed a number of community hubs to support vulnerable Rwandan families to stay together, HHC closed Mpore PEFA Orphanage in Kigali, the first orphanage to be closed following best practice in Africa; this was done with the support of the Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion. In 2017 the charity reported that the number of orphanages in Rwanda had fallen to 14, from 400 ten years before.
Sudan
Work is underway to reform the systems for abandoned babies in Khartoum. Working with the religious community a Fatwa was issued to 'decriminalise' abandoned, illegitimate babies which allowed them to be 'adopted' within the Islamic Kafala principle. Over 2,400 babies have been placed within families rather than in institutions.
Structure and finances
Hope and Homes for Children is a charitable company limited by guarantee, incorporated in 2001, as well as a registered charity. The charity manages a subsidiary, Hope and Homes for Children – Romania.
In the year to December 2018, total income of the organisation was £9.1 million, a decrease on the previous year owing to falls in corporate donations and in income from trusts and foundations. Income included £1m in grants, largely from the Department for International Development and the European Union, the latter to support work in Romania. Expenditure in that year was £12.3m, of which £3m was fundraising costs. The organisation drew on its reserves, which stood at £5.6m at the end of the year.
Notable people
Mark Cook founded the charity and was awarded several honours including an OBE and a Heart of Gold award from Esther Rantzen; Caroline Cook was also appointed an OBE. Martin Bell OBE was with Mark Cook when he founded the organisation; he later became a patron.
In 2010, former Defence Minister The Rt. Hon. Michael Mates with William Godfree performed Flanders and Swann songs in aid of the charity.
References
External links
Children's charities based in the United Kingdom
Adoption-related organizations
Development charities based in the United Kingdom
Charities based in Wiltshire
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3989552
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliconia%20angusta
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Heliconia angusta
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Heliconia angusta Vell. (syn.: Heliconia agustifolia Hook., Heliconia bicolor Benth., Heliconia brasiliensis Hook.), of family Heliconiaceae is an erect herb typically growing 0.70 m tall, native to Brazil (South America).
General
Heliconia angusta is commonly called the Christmas heliconia because its red and white inflorescences usually emerge during the Christmas period. Wild populations, native to southeastern Brazil, are classified as vulnerable by the World Conservation Union largely due to the conversion of their diminishing habitats for agricultural purposes. However, the genetic diversity of wild populations has, at least in part, been preserved by the ex-situ cultivation of Heliconia angusta. The popularity of Heliconia angusta as a tropical garden plant and horticultural specimen has encouraged widespread propagation of this species by commercial nurseries and botanical gardens.
Uses
It is a popular ornamental plant in subtropical regions with a humid climate. The most cold hardy of Heliconia, it is grown with success in warm temperate climates.
References
Lorenzi, H.; Souza, M.S. (2001) Plantas Ornamentais no Brasil: arbustivas, herbáceas e trepadeiras. Plantarum
External links
Heliconia angusta observations on iNaturalist
angusta
Flora of Brazil
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5381180
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasmosauridae
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Elasmosauridae
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Elasmosauridae is an extinct family of plesiosaurs, often called elasmosaurs. They had the longest necks of the plesiosaurs and existed from the Hauterivian to the Maastrichtian stages of the Cretaceous, and represented one of the two groups of plesiosaurs present at the end of the Cretaceous alongside Polycotylidae. Their diet mainly consisted of crustaceans and molluscs.
Description
The earliest elasmosaurids were mid-sized, about . In the Late Cretaceous, elasmosaurids grew as large as , such as Styxosaurus, Albertonectes, and Thalassomedon. Their necks were the longest of all the plesiosaurs, with anywhere between 32 and 76 (Albertonectes) cervical vertebrae. They weighed up to several tons.
Classification
Early three-family classification
Though Cope had originally recognized Elasmosaurus as a plesiosaur, in an 1869 paper he placed it, with Cimoliasaurus and Crymocetus, in a new order of sauropterygian reptiles. He named the group Streptosauria, or "reversed lizards", due to the orientation of their individual vertebrae supposedly being reversed compared to what is seen in other vertebrate animals. He subsequently abandoned this idea in his 1869 description of Elasmosaurus, where he stated he had based it on Leidy's erroneous interpretation of Cimoliasaurus. In this paper, he also named the new family Elasmosauridae, containing Elasmosaurus and Cimoliasaurus, without comment. Within this family, he considered the former to be distinguished by a longer neck with compressed vertebrae, and the latter by a shorter neck with square, depressed vertebrae.
In subsequent years, Elasmosauridae came to be one of three groups in which plesiosaurs were classified, the others being the Pliosauridae and Plesiosauridae (sometimes merged into one group). In 1874 Harry Seeley took issue with Cope's identification of clavicles in the shoulder girdle of Elasmosaurus, asserting that the supposed clavicles were actually scapulae. He found no evidence of a clavicle or an interclavicle in the shoulder girdle of Elasmosaurus; he noted that the absence of the latter bone was also seen in a number of other plesiosaur specimens, which he named as new elasmosaurid genera: Eretmosaurus, Colymbosaurus, and Muraenosaurus. Richard Lydekker subsequently proposed that Elasmosaurus, Polycotylus, Colymbosaurus, and Muraenosaurus could not be distinguished from Cimoliasaurus based on their shoulder girdles, and advocated their synonymization at the genus level.
Seeley noted in 1892 that the clavicle was fused to the coracoid by a suture in elasmosaurians, and was apparently "an inseparable part" of the scapula. Meanwhile, all plesiosaurs with two-headed neck ribs (the Plesiosauridae and Pliosauridae) had a clavicle made only of cartilage, such that ossification of the clavicle would turn a "plesiosaurian" into an "elasmosaurian". Williston doubted Seeley's usage of neck ribs to subdivide plesiosaurs in 1907, opining that double-headed neck ribs were instead a "primitive character confined to the early forms". Charles Andrews elaborated on differences between elasmosaurids and pliosaurids in 1910 and 1913. He characterized elasmosaurids by their long necks and small heads, as well as by their rigid and well-developed scapulae (but atrophied or absent clavicles and interclavicles) for forelimb-driven locomotion. Meanwhile, pliosaurids had short necks but large heads, and used hindlimb-driven locomotion.
Refinement of plesiosaur taxonomy
Although the placement of Elasmosaurus in the Elasmosauridae remained uncontroversial, opinions on the relationships of the family became variable over subsequent decades. Williston created a revised taxonomy of plesiosaurs in a monograph on the osteology of reptiles (published posthumously in 1925). He provided a revised diagnosis of the Elasmosauridae; aside from the small head and long neck, he characterized elasmosaurids by their single-headed ribs; scapulae that meet at the midline; clavicles that are not separated by a gap; coracoids that are "broadly separated" in their rear half; short ischia; and the presence of only two bones (the typical condition) in the epipodialia (the "forearms" and "shins" of the flippers). He also removed several plesiosaurs previously considered to be elasmosaurids from this family due to their shorter necks and continuously meeting coracoids; these included Polycotylus and Trinacromerum (the Polycotylidae), as well as Muraenosaurus, Cryptoclidus, Picrocleidus, Tricleidus, and others (the Cryptoclididae).
In 1940 Theodore White published a hypothesis on the interrelationships between different plesiosaurian families. He considered Elasmosauridae to be closest to the Pliosauridae, noting their relatively narrow coracoids as well as their lack of interclavicles or clavicles. His diagnosis of the Elasmosauridae also noted the moderate length of the skull (i.e., a mesocephalic skull); the neck ribs having one or two heads; the scapula and coracoid contacting at the midline; the blunted rear outer angle of the coracoid; and the pair of openings (fenestrae) in the scapula–coracoid complex being separated by a narrower bar of bone compared to pliosaurids. The cited variability in the number of heads on the neck ribs arises from his inclusion of Simolestes to the Elasmosauridae, since the characteristics of "both the skull and shoulder girdle compare more favorably with Elasmosaurus than with Pliosaurus or Peloneustes." He considered Simolestes a possible ancestor of Elasmosaurus. Oskar Kuhn adopted a similar classification in 1961.
Welles took issue with White's classification in his 1943 revision of plesiosaurs, noting that White's characteristics are influenced by both preservation and ontogeny. He divided plesiosaurs into two superfamilies, the Plesiosauroidea and Pliosauroidea, based on neck length, head size, ischium length, and the slenderness of the humerus and femur (the propodialia). Each superfamily was further subdivided by the number of heads on the ribs, and the proportions of the epipodialia. Thus, elasmosaurids had long necks, small heads, short ischia, stocky propodialia, single-headed ribs, and short epipodialia. Pierre deSaint-Seine in 1955 and Alfred Romer in 1956 both adopted Welles' classification. In 1962 Welles further subdivided elasmosaurids based on whether they possessed pelvic bars formed from the fusion of the ischia, with Elasmosaurus and Brancasaurus being united in the subfamily Elasmosaurinae by their sharing of completely closed pelvic bars.
Persson, however, considered Welles' classification too simplistic, noting in 1963 that it would, in his opinion, erroneously assign Cryptoclidus, Muraenosaurus, Picrocleidus, and Tricleidus to the Elasmosauridae. Persson refined the Elasmosauridae to include traits such as the crests on the sides of the neck vertebrae; the hatchet-shaped neck ribs at the front of the neck; the fused clavicles; the separation of the coracoids at the rear; and the rounded, plate-like pubis. He also retained the Cimoliasauridae as separate from the Elasmosauridae, and suggested, based on comparisons of vertebral lengths, that they diverged from the Plesiosauridae in the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous. However, D.S. Brown noted in 1981 that the variability of neck length in plesiosaurs made Persson's argument unfeasible, and moved the aforementioned genera back into the Elasmosauridae; he similarly criticized Welles' subdivision of elasmosaurids based on the pelvic bar. Brown's diagnosis of elasmosaurids included the presence of five premaxillary teeth; the ornamentation of teeth by longitudinal ridges; the presence of grooves surrounding the occipital condyles; and the broad-bodied scapulae meeting at the midline.
Modern phylogenetic context
Carpenter's 1997 phylogenetic analysis of plesiosaurs challenged the traditional subdivision of plesiosaurs based on neck length. He found that Libonectes and Dolichorhynchops shared characteristics such as an opening on the palate for the vomeronasal organ, the plate-like expansions of the pterygoid bones, and the loss of the pineal foramen on the top of the skull, differing from the pliosaurs. While polycotylids had previously been part of the Pliosauroidea, Carpenter moved polycotylids to become the sister group of the elasmosaurids based on these similarities, thus implying that polycotylids and pliosauroids evolved their short necks independently.
F. Robin O'Keefe likewise included polycotylids in the Plesiosauroidea in 2001 and 2004, but considered them more closely related to the Cimoliasauridae and Cryptoclididae in the Cryptocleidoidea. Some analyses continued to recover the traditional groupings. In 2008 Patrick Druckenmiller and Anthony Russell moved the Polycotylidae back into the Pliosauroidea, and placed Leptocleidus as their sister group in the newly named Leptocleidoidea; Adam Smith and Gareth Dyke independently found the same result in the same year. However, in 2010 Hilary Ketchum and Roger Benson concluded that the results of these analyses were influenced by inadequate sampling of species. In the most comprehensive phylogeny of plesiosaurs yet, they moved the Leptocleidoidea (renamed the Leptocleidia) back into the Plesiosauroidea as the sister group of the Elasmosauridae; subsequent analyses by Benson and Druckenmiller recovered similar results, and named the Leptocleidoidea–Elasmosauridae grouping as Xenopsaria.
The content of Elasmosauridae also received greater scrutiny. Since its initial assignment to the Elasmosauridae, the relationships of Brancasaurus had been considered well supported, and it was recovered by O'Keefe's 2004 analysis and Franziska Großmann's 2007 analysis. However, Ketchum and Benson's analysis instead included it in the Leptocleidia, and its inclusion in that group has remained consistent in subsequent analyses. Their analysis also moved Muraenosaurus to the Cryptoclididae, and Microcleidus and Occitanosaurus to the Plesiosauridae; Benson and Druckenmiller isolated the latter two in the group Microcleididae in 2014, and considered Occitanosaurus a species of Microcleidus. These genera had all previously been considered to be elasmosaurids by Carpenter, Großmann, and other researchers.
Within the Elasmosauridae, Elasmosaurus itself has been considered a "wildcard taxon" with highly variable relationships. Carpenter's 1999 analysis suggested that Elasmosaurus was more basal (i.e. less specialized) than other elasmosaurids with the exception of Libonectes. In 2005 Sachs suggested that Elasmosaurus was closely related to Styxosaurus, and in 2008 Druckenmiller and Russell placed it as part of a polytomy with two groups, one containing Libonectes and Terminonatator, the other containing Callawayasaurus and Hydrotherosaurus. Ketchum and Benson's 2010 analysis included Elasmosaurus in the former group. Benson and Druckenmiller's 2013 analysis (below, left) further removed Terminonatator from this group and placed it as one step more derived (i.e., more specialized). In Rodrigo Otero's 2016 analysis based on a modification of the same dataset (below, right), Elamosaurus was the closest relative of Albertonectes, forming the Styxosaurinae with Styxosaurus and Terminonatator. Danielle Serratos, Druckenmiller, and Benson could not resolve the position of Elasmosaurus in 2017, but they noted that Styxosaurinae would be a synonym of Elasmosaurinae if Elasmosaurus did fall within the group. In 2021 a new topology placed Cardiocorax as a sister taxon of Libonectes, representing an older lineage of elasmosaurids in the Maastrichtian.
Topology A: Benson et al. (2013)
Topology B: Otero (2016)
The family Elasmosauridae was erected by Cope in 1869, and anchored on the genus Elasmosaurus.
References
External links
"Lepidosauromorpha: Elasmosauridae." Palaeos.com
Plesiosaurs
Cretaceous plesiosaurs
Hauterivian taxonomic families
Barremian taxonomic families
Aptian taxonomic families
Albian taxonomic families
Cenomanian taxonomic families
Turonian taxonomic families
Coniacian taxonomic families
Santonian taxonomic families
Campanian taxonomic families
Maastrichtian taxonomic families
Maastrichtian extinctions
Prehistoric reptile families
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5381186
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Daniels%20%28automotive%20engineer%29
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William Daniels (automotive engineer)
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William John Daniels, "Jack" Daniels, (8 February 1912 – 27 November 2004) was a British car engineer who worked directly with Sir Alec Issigonis for 35 years and was associated with such projects as the 1948 Morris Minor and the 1959 Mini.
He was an invited guest at the 1999 awards ceremony in Las Vegas when the Mini was voted the second most influential car of the 20th century.
His working life from 1926-1977 was spent as a draughtsman, designer and development engineer for William Morris's 'ever evolving' Morris Motors; Morris Garages (MG Cars); British Motor Corporation; British Motor Holdings; British Leyland. His project involvement included the 1935 MG R-type racing car; the 1962 Morris 1100; the 1969 Austin Maxi; the 1973 Austin Allegro and the 1971 Morris Marina.
Early life and education
Daniels was born into a farming family in New Marston, a once rural area now engulfed by Oxford city. He was educated at the now defunct 'Oxford Central school for Boys' in Gloucester Green where he excelled at woodwork and technical drawing and the school recommended him to Morris Garages. Thus in 1927, aged 16, he joined as their first unindentured apprentice engineering draughtsman, and by 1929 he was attached to Hubert Charles, MG's Chief Draughtsman, who he described as "my real tutor".
Career
The MG operation was moved to Abingdon, where Daniels formed the working partnership with Issigonis that would last for 35 years. He converted the freehand ideas sketches, sometimes on table-cloths etc, into working technical drawings.
After apprenticeship he worked on various projects for Morris Garages (M.G.), including the advanced MG R-type racing car, which had fully independent suspension. Around 1936 he moved to the new factory in Cowley.
Morris Minor
During World War II the factory designed military vehicles, but from 1942 he was already working, with Issigonis, on a secret new Morris car, codenamed "Mosquito" after the warplane. It was launched in 1948 as the Morris Minor. Issigonis described Daniels as "the best all-round draughtsman in the country".
Mini
After Issigonis' departure in 1952, Daniels completed the task of turning a groundbreaking idea into reality - a front-drive, transverse engined, 'Minor' prototype, which he used from February 1956 to commute to the new BMC engineering centre at Longbridge, Birmingham. He called it the company's "safest car" because of its outstanding roadholding.
In 1955 Issigonis returned, and the front wheel drive Minor was key to the Mini project which was launched in 1959. Jack Daniels characterised their relationship as "90 per cent his perspiration versus the 10 per cent inspiration" of Issigonis "We got on well together, but he was the gaffer."
Legacy
Rob Oldaker, product development director of MG Rover, originally a trainee under Daniels at British Leyland, said "Jack will be remembered for his pragmatic input to many cars. He guided many towards successful careers in the industry."
Personal life
Daniels was married to Mabel, with whom he had one son, one daughter, and one son deceased. In 1956 he moved with his wife and family to King's Norton, Birmingham.
Later life
Daniels died near Bournemouth after suffering from cancer for two years.
References
External links
Jack Daniels interviewed on YouTube The Story of the Mini Cooper
1912 births
2004 deaths
British automotive engineers
Deaths from cancer in England
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5381189
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20Rattner
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Justin Rattner
|
Justin R. Rattner is a retired Intel Senior Fellow, Corporate Vice President and former director of Intel Labs. Previously, he served as the corporation's Chief Technology Officer, where he was responsible for leading Intel's microprocessor, communications and systems technology labs and Intel Research.
In 1989, Rattner was named Scientist of the Year by R&D Magazine for his leadership in parallel and distributed computer architecture. In December 1996, Rattner was featured as Person of the Week by ABC World News for his visionary work on the Department of Energy ASCI Red System, the first computer to sustain one trillion operations per second (one teraFLOPS) and the fastest computer in the world between 1996 and 2000. In 1997, Rattner was honored as one of the Computing 200, the 200 individuals having the greatest impact on the U.S. computer industry today, and subsequently profiled in the book Wizards and Their Wonders from ACM Press.
Rattner has received two Intel Achievement Awards for his work in high performance computing and advanced cluster communication architecture. He was a longstanding member of Intel's Research Council and Academic Advisory Council. He previously served as the Intel executive sponsor for Cornell University on the External Advisory Board for the College of Engineering. Rattner joined Intel in 1973. He was named its first Principal Engineer in 1979, its fourth Intel Fellow in 1988, and one of the first four Senior Fellows in 2002.
Prior to joining Intel, Rattner held positions with Hewlett-Packard Company and Xerox Corporation. He received bachelor's and master's degrees from Cornell University in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in 1970 and 1972, respectively. In 2012, Rattner was bestowed an Honorary Doctor of Science from Willamette University in Salem, Oregon where he delivered the commencement address to the Atkinson Graduate School of Management (AGSM).
Rattner lives near Portland, Oregon where he and his three children own and operate a large equestrian competition and training facility.
Honors/Achievements
Awarded Honorary Doctor of Science by Willamette University, May 2012
ABC World News Person of the Week, December 1996
World's Fastest Computers 1996-2000
R&D Magazine Scientist of the Year 1989
Received two Intel Achievement Awards
Globe Award by the Oregon Center for Advanced Technology Education 1989
Patents
, 7 February 1989
, 30 August 1983
, 7 June 1983
, 13 April 1982
References
External links
Justin Rattner's Blog on ZDNet
Biography as given by Intel.com
Most of this information was taken from the Intel website (see external links)
Living people
Intel people
Xerox people
Hewlett-Packard people
American computer businesspeople
American chief technology officers
Computer designers
Computer hardware engineers
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
Year of birth missing (living people)
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3989553
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg%20Space%20Launch%20Complex%206
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Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6
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Space Launch Complex 6 (SLC-6, pronounced "Slick Six") at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California is a launch pad and support area. The site was originally developed for Titan III rockets and the Manned Orbiting Laboratory, but these were cancelled before construction of SLC-6 was complete. The complex was later rebuilt to serve as the west coast launch site for the Space Shuttle, but went unused due to budget, safety and political considerations. The pad was subsequently used for several Athena rocket launches before being modified to support the Delta IV launch vehicle family, which have used the pad since 2006.
Launches from Vandenberg fly southward, allowing payloads to be placed in high-inclination orbits such as polar or Sun-synchronous orbit, which allow full global coverage on a regular basis and are often used for weather, Earth observation, and reconnaissance satellites. These orbits are difficult to reach from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, where launches must fly eastward due to major population centers to both the north and south of Kennedy Space Center. Avoiding these would require hugely inefficient maneuvering, greatly reducing payload capacity.
History
SLC-6, part of Vandenberg's "South Base," was originally part of the Sudden Ranch, prior to its purchase by the U.S. Air Force in the mid-1960s under the law of eminent domain. In addition to the ranch, the Point Arguello lighthouse was based there, which has in 1967 was replaced by an automated light. There was also the Point Arguello LORAN station, deestablished December 31, 1979. With the purchase of the base, the Air Force started construction of the SLC-6 facility on March 12, 1966 to support launches of a modified Titan III for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL). After significant construction work was completed, the MOL program was cancelled on June 10, 1969, so further work on SLC-6 stopped as the facility was placed in mothball status.
With plans of launching civilian and military equatorial space shuttle flights from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and military polar orbit flights from Vandenberg, NASA and the Air Force looked at different sites for launching the shuttle, finally deciding upon SLC-6, due to its dedicated crewed spaceflight role that was left over from the canceled MOL program.
In 1972, Vandenberg AFB was chosen as the western launch site for Air Force shuttle launches. Use of SLC-6 was approved in 1975, and re-construction of the former MOL launch facility occurred between January 1979 and July 1986 as SLC-6 was rebuilt to accommodate the space shuttle.
There were several reasons for using SLC-6:
Florida shuttle launches to polar orbit would have entailed a large payload penalty;
Florida shuttle launches to polar orbit would necessitate overflying South Carolina, and the discarded external tank would overfly Canada and Russia, and
Use of the existing and partially constructed Titan III facilities at SLC-6 would reduce building costs for the shuttle launch complex.
A Senate report summarized: "The Air Force originally justified the expenditure of such SLC-6 funding on the basis of a need to launch high-priority military payloads into polar orbits. After Defense Department officials testified that polar orbits could not be achieved by launching from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the Congress initiated construction of ... SLC-6."
There were significant layout differences between the shuttle launch complexes at KSC and SLC-6 at Vandenberg. KSC had the Orbiter Processing Facility, Shuttle Runway facility, Mate-Demate Device (for loading the Orbiter on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft), the Vehicle Assembly Building, and Launch Complex 39. SLC-6 consolidated the VAB (stacking) and LC-39 (launching) functions, while a processing facility, located at North Base, would have handled the vehicle processing, along with providing a Mate-Demate Device, and a runway for Shuttle landings.
Space Shuttle
Over $4 billion were spent on the new Space Shuttle modifications. The original Mobile Service Tower (MST) was lowered in height and two new flame ducts were added for the shuttle's solid rocket boosters. Additional modifications or improvements included liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen storage tanks, a payload preparation room, payload changeout room, a new launch tower with escape system for the shuttle crew members, sound suppression system and water reclamation area and a Shuttle Assembly Building were added to the original complex.
Additionally, the existing runway and overruns on the North Base flightline were lengthened to nearly three miles (15,000 ft) to accommodate end-of-mission landings. Turn-around servicing and refurbishing of the orbiter would be accomplished in the adjacent Orbiter Maintenance and Processing Facility (OMPF).
SLC-6 was declared operational during acceptance ceremonies held on October 15, 1985. However, much additional work and testing was still required. Use of the prototype orbiter Enterprise was obtained, in order that she could be mated with External Tank and SRBs in boilerplate configuration, and used for a series of fit checks like those conducted at LC-39.
The inaugural polar-orbit flight, designated STS-62-A and using Discovery with Shuttle veteran Robert Crippen as commander, was planned for 15 October 1986. However, the Challenger Disaster of 28 January 1986 grounded the Shuttle fleet as efforts were concentrated on recovery and returning the program to flight after a two-year hiatus.
On July 31, 1986, Secretary of the Air Force Edward C. Aldridge, Jr., announced that Vandenberg's Space Shuttle program would be placed in "operational caretaker status", six months after the Space Shuttle Challenger accident. A few months later, however, SLC-6 was placed in "minimum caretaker status" on February 20, 1987.
Eventually, on May 13, 1988, Secretary Aldridge then directed the Air Force to transfer Space Shuttle assets at Vandenberg to other organizations (specifically, the Kennedy Space Center) by September 30, 1989, the end of the fiscal year. The work was completed 10 days early on September 20, 1989 when SLC-6 was placed in mothball status.
Several factors accounted for this:
The Challenger disaster made it clear that sole dependency on the shuttle was unwise;
SLC-6 would have generated more contaminated waste water than originally envisioned, necessitating an expensive treatment plant;
Further study showed more sound suppression water would have been needed, requiring upgraded water supply facilities;
Vehicle icing would have been more problematic than in Florida, and it was unclear how well SLC-6 facilities would handle that;
Blast protection of nearby occupied buildings was unsatisfactory and more construction would have been required to safeguard them;
Post-Challenger, the more confined SLC-6 launch area raised concerns of entrapped gaseous hydrogen causing a fire or explosion;
Large construction cost overruns, and
Independent audits found significant construction quality problems that would have been expensive to fix.
The Air Force officially terminated the Space Shuttle program at Vandenberg on December 26, 1989. The estimated cost for the discontinued program was $4 billion.
Six months later on July 6, 1990, Lockheed Space Operations Company (LSOC) was awarded an Air Force ground system contract to modify SLC-6 into a Titan IV/Centaur launch complex—essentially an uprated facility from the original MOL program that would have launched a Titan III vehicle. Site work was scheduled to begin in late-FY 1992, and lead to an initial launch capability sometime in FY1996.
However, on March 22, 1991, HQ USAF reversed itself again by announcing the termination of the Titan IV/Centaur program at SLC-6. The reasons given for the project being canceled was due to "insufficient Titan IV launch requirements from the West Coast to support the construction of a new launch pad." The contract with LSOC was closed out several months later.
Reactivation
Since the shutdown of SLC-6 for the shuttle program, the U.S. Air Force reverted to flying military polar orbit satellites using the Titan 34D and later Titan IV rockets.
Nevertheless, the utilization of SLC-6 was far from over. In the early 1990s, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company began studies on the prospect of a new family of small launch vehicles for commercial and other users. Lockheed eventually approved the development of the Lockheed Launch Vehicle (LLV) program in January 1993. After the merger of Lockheed with Martin Marietta, the renamed Lockheed Martin Launch Vehicle (LMLV) eventually would take on the moniker of Athena.
After another contract was issued in 1994 by the Air Force, modification work began on the existing SLC-6 shuttle launch mount for a small "milkstool" platform to be located over one of the two exhaust ducts originally intended for one of the large solid rocket boosters. The first operational launch from SLC-6 occurred on August 15, 1995, involving the Lockheed-Martin Launch Vehicle I (LMLV-1). Unfortunately, LMLV-1 was terminated in mid-flight after uncontrolled oscillations of the rocket were detected. This resulted in the loss of the vehicle and the payload. The cause of the mishap was later determined to be a guidance system failure coupled with overheating of the booster's first stage steering mechanism. The payload on board was GEMstar 1, a small communications satellite manufactured by CTA, Inc. for the Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA), a non-profit organization.
After some hardware redesign and testing, a newly rechristened Athena I successfully launched NASA's Lewis satellite into orbit from SLC-6 on August 22, 1997. Part of NASA's Small Spacecraft Technology Initiative (SSTI) and "Mission to Planet Earth" program.
Another launch, on September 24, 1999 was successful as an Ikonos satellite operated by Space Imaging (later acquired by ORBIMAGE to form GeoEye) was successfully placed into a polar orbit using an Athena 2 booster.
However, with the advent of the Delta IV rocket and Atlas V launch vehicles in the late 1990s, The Boeing Company received a lease from the Air Force on September 1, 1999 to modify SLC-6 once again to launch Boeing's Delta IV.
Some of the Shuttle-specific components at SLC-6 were removed, such as the mobile Payload Changeout Room, but the Assembly Building, Mobile Service Tower, Launch Tower, flame deflection trenches and sound suppression system and some other shuttle-oriented equipment were retained and made compatible for the new Delta IV rocket. The launch vehicle's Common Booster Core and associated flight hardware is transported from the Boeing factory in Decatur, Ala., to Vandenberg via the cargo vessel that docks just south of SLC-6 at the same location originally constructed for receiving and offloading space shuttle external tanks.
Delta IV
Boeing developed the Delta IV class of vehicles as its entrant in the Department of Defense's Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program. The main objective of EELV is aimed at cutting launch costs and simplifying the process of getting satellites into space. Boeing's main competitor, Lockheed Martin, has a similar class of vehicles known as the Atlas V that made its West Coast debut in early March 2008, flying from the modified Space Launch Complex-3 East on South Base.
After sitting on the pad since late-2003 and enduring technical issues with both the booster and the payload, the first of the Delta IV launch vehicles to fly from SLC-6 successfully lifted off at 8:33 p.m. PDT on 27 June 2006.
The Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) rocket lofted NROL-22, a classified satellite for the National Reconnaissance Office, into orbit. The payload was successfully deployed approximately 54 minutes later.
According to a post-launch Boeing News press release, the mission was the first for the NRO aboard a Delta IV and the second aboard a Delta rocket. The first was the GeoLITE mission in 2001 aboard a Delta II.
Another Delta IV Medium vehicle flew a mission for the Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, orbiting DMSP-17, on 4 November 2006.
On 20 January 2011, at 1:10 p.m. PST, USA-224 (NROL-49) was launched atop a Delta IV Heavy rocket. The launch was conducted by United Launch Alliance and was the first flight of a Delta IV Heavy from Vandenberg.
Launch history
References
"Boeing completes first Delta IV West Coast launch - Official Boeing News press release, June 27, 2006
"Pioneering rocket blasts into space" - Santa Maria Times, June 28, 2006
"Delta 4 soars into orbit" - Lompoc Record, June 28, 2006
Boeing Media Kit for Delta IV Launch of NROL-22
GlobalSecurity.org Space Launch Complex 6
History/Chronology of Vandenberg AFB
Lockheed Martin Space Systems
Boeing Corporation's Delta IV Space Launch Complex Six photo gallery
Mark Wade's Encyclopedia Astronautica
Spotlight On: Vandenberg AFB "Guarding the High Frontier" of Space for America, December 1999 - TI#20860
LighthouseFriends.com - Point Arguello
Space Shuttle SLC-6 Chronology (in French) - Capcomespace.net
Vandenberg Space Shuttle Operations - featuring space photography of William G. Hartenstein
External links
Location:
Boeing
Vandenberg Space Force Base
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5381198
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotalus%20viridis%20nuntius
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Crotalus viridis nuntius
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Common names: Hopi rattlesnake, Arizona prairie rattlesnake, prairie rattlesnake.
Crotalus viridis nuntius is a venomous pit viper subspecies native primarily to the desert plateau of the northeastern portion of the American state of Arizona, but also ranges into northwestern New Mexico. Named for the Native American Hopi tribe, which inhabits the region, its range overlaps that of the nominate subspecies and some interbreeding is believed to occur. The taxonomy of the C. viridis group is a matter of debate, many considering the various subspecies to be nothing more than locality variations.
Description
Smaller than other subspecies of C. viridis, this subspecies generally does not generally grow much beyond two feet in length. They are typically pink, to gray, to orange-brown in color, reflecting the color of the soil and rocks of their natural range for camouflage, with darker brown blotching down the back.
The scalation consists of 21-27 (usually 25) midbody dorsal scales, 169-184 ventral scales in females and 162-178 in males, 14-22 subcaudal scales in females and 21-28 in males. The color pattern includes 33-53 dorsal body blotches. According to Douglas et al. (2002), it is not possible to reliably distinguish C. v. nuntius from C. v. viridis.
Like other rattlesnakes, they have eyes with vertical pupils, and their tail has a rattle on it. The rattle is composed of keratin. Each time the snake sheds its skin, a new segment is added to the rattle, but the rattle is fragile and may break off, and the frequency of shedding can vary, so the snake's age cannot be determined by its length or number of segments.
Geographic range
Found in northeast Arizona (United States) at elevations of 1372–2134 m. The type locality is listed as "Canyon Diablo, Coconino County, Arizona" (USA).
Behavior
These are generally nocturnal and secretive snakes, spending their days in rock crevices or other animal's burrows to avoid the desert heat, emerging in the early day to feed on rodents, birds, lizards, and sometimes frogs.
While not typically aggressive, they will often coil up and rattle their tail if disturbed, striking only if harassed or handled. Their venom is primarily hemotoxic, causing swelling and necrosis, but many populations of C. viridis are known to have a potent neurotoxic effect as well, resulting in muscle paralysis and possibly respiratory failure. They are capable of delivering what is known as a "dry bite", in which no venom is injected at all, but a bite from any venomous snake should be considered serious, and immediate treatment sought.
Reproduction
These snakes are ovoviviparous, breeding in the spring and giving birth to small clutches of 4-6 young in the early fall. The young are colored almost identically to the adults, and are approximately in length. The young are typically more nervous than the adults, and will often strike repeatedly if harassed. They reach maturity between two and three years of age.
Captivity
C. v. nuntius is not commonly kept in captivity. Due to its relatively small range it is not often collected from the wild. Captive breeding is not unknown, but is not commonplace. It is well represented in zoos throughout the United States, but other subspecies of C. v. viridis is more often kept.
Mythology
See main article: Snakes in mythology
In Hopi tradition, snakes are the guardians of springs. A traditional dance is done as a prayer to bring the rain. Snakes, though not exclusively the Hopi rattlesnake, are used in the ceremony and are released afterwards with the belief that they carry the prayers of the dancers with them.
References
Further reading
Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras, Holycross. 2002. Phylogeography of the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) complex, with emphasis on the Colorado Plateau. p11-50. In Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. .
Pook, Wüster, Thrope. 1999. Historical Biogeography of the Western Rattlesnake: Crotalus viridis, Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Information. Molecular Phylogenics and Evolution, vol 15(2). pp 269–282.PDF at Wolfgang Wüster home page, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor (UK). Accessed 9 January 2006.
External links
Crotalus viridis at Discover Life. Accessed 9 January 2007.
viridis nuntius
Taxa named by Laurence Monroe Klauber
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3989559
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambaram%20Sanatorium
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Tambaram Sanatorium
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Tambaram Sanatorium is a locality between Chromepet and Tambaram, in Chennai, India. The neighbourhood is served by Tambaram Sanatorium railway station on the Chennai Beach–Villupuram section via Tambaram of the Chennai suburban railway.
Government Hospitals
National Institute of Siddha is a premier institute of Siddha Medicine situated at the Tambaram Sanatorium.
The Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, popularly known as TB Sanatorium, was started in 1928. It is located along the Grand Southern Trunk Road.
References
Cities and towns in Kanchipuram district
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3989561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murong%20Yi
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Murong Yi
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Murong Yi (; died 386) was a ruler of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Yan dynasty. He was a son of the Former Yan Prince of Yidu, Murong Huan (慕容桓), a son of the founder of Former Yan, Murong Huang.
In 386, after the temporary ruler Duan Sui was ambushed and killed by Murong Heng (慕容恆) and Murong Yong, they supported Murong Yi as the Prince of Yan. The Western Yan people—400,000 men and women—then abandoned Chang'an, which had been the Former Qin capital but had been captured by the prior Western Yan ruler Murong Chong -- to head back to their homeland in the east. While on the journey, however, Murong Heng's brother Murong Tao (慕容韜) killed Murong Yi at Linjin (臨晉, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi). He was replaced by Murong Chong's son Murong Yao.
Era name
Jianming (建明 jiàn míng) 386
Western Yan rulers
386 deaths
Year of birth unknown
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3989574
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janko%20Prunk
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Janko Prunk
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Janko Prunk () (born 30 December 1942) is a Slovenian historian of modern history. He has published articles and monographs on analytical politology, modern history, the genesis of modern political formations, and the history of social and political philosophy in Slovenia. He has also written on the history of political movements in Europe from the end of the 18th century until today, especially about Slovene Christian socialism and the history of Slovenian national questions.
Biography
Prunk was born in the small settlement of Loka pri Zidanem Mostu (part of the municipality of Sevnica), in central Slovenia, which was then the German-occupied Slovenian Styria.
Prunk started going to primary school in his birthplace. After fourth grade, he shifted to the school in nearby Radeče. He continued his secondary education at Gymnasium in Celje. Graduating from history and sociology at the University of Ljubljana in 1966. He was recruited into Yugoslav People's Army in Sisak, Socialist Republic of Croatia in the years 1966/67. He obtained his master's degree from University of Ljubljana in 1972. In 1976, he obtained his PhD with a thesis on Slovenian Christian Socialist movement 1918-1941, which was still a controversial topic at that time. Prunk was awarded scholarships by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. He worked as a researcher and visiting professor at the University of Freiburg in 1984/1985 and 1994/1995, and in 1988/1989 at the University of Cologne.
From 1966 to 1995, he worked at the Institute for modern history in Ljubljana. Until his retirement in 2013 he worked as professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Ljubljana.
Prunk is a member of Leibniz Institute of European History in Mainz, and a senior member of the Center for European Integration Studies in Bonn.
Politics
Prunk has been actively involved in politics. As an early admirer of Jože Pučnik, Prunk joined the Democratic Opposition of Slovenia after the democratization of Slovenia. He was an active member of the Slovenian Democratic Party (known as Slovenian Social Democratic Party between 1989 and 2003). Between 1992 and 1993, Prunk served as Minister for Slovenes outside Slovenia and National Minorities in Slovenia in the first coalition cabinet of Janez Drnovšek.
After 1994, Prunk withdrew from politics for over a decade. Before the parliamentary elections of 2004, he campaigned for the Slovenian Democratic Party. In 2005, he was appointed by the Foreign Minister Dimitrij Rupel, as president of the Slovene-Croatian Historical Commission, formed by the Government of the two countries, to shed light on the history of the relations between them. Between 2004 and 2008, he served as chairman of the Slovenian Democratic Party's internal Committee for Education Policies. He resigned in 2008 because of disagreements over the Government's policy favoring private universities. After the split with the party, he became very critical of the then Prime Minister Janez Janša, whom he accused of being a "liberal with an authoritative touch, who aspires at becoming a Slovenian Piłsudski".
After the parliamentary elections of 2008, Prunk explained his disappointment with the Slovenian Democratic Party as a consequence of its neo-liberal turn. In Prunk's opinion, the party turned its back to the ideals of welfare state held by its founding father Jože Pučnik. Prunk also criticised the charismatic type of leadership of the party's president Janez Janša, stating that the party would most probably collapse if Janša resigned.
Honors and awards
1999: Ambassador of the Republic of Slovenia in science award.
2016: Sigmund Zois award for superior achievement, for scientific monography Zgodovina Evrope v dobi racionalistične civilizacije 1775-2015 (History of Europe in the era of rationalist civilisation 1775-2015).
Selected publications
Prunk has written over 500 specialized articles and books, since 1966. His book, A brief history of Slovenia: Historical background of the Republic of Slovenia is one of the most comprehensive works on modern Slovenian history.
Bibliography
See also
History of Slovenia
References
External links
University of Ljubljana alumni
University of Ljubljana faculty
University of Cologne faculty
University of Freiburg faculty
Historians of Europe
Historians of the Balkans
20th-century Slovenian historians
Slovenian journalists
Slovenian philosophers
Slovenian sociologists
Slovenian Democratic Party politicians
Slovenian Roman Catholics
Slovenian expatriates in Germany
People from the Municipality of Sevnica
1942 births
Living people
Slovenian anti-communists
21st-century Slovenian historians
Slovenian translators
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3989577
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corendon%20Airlines
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Corendon Airlines
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Corendon Airlines (incorporated as Turistik Hava Taşımacılık A.Ş.) is a Turkish leisure airline headquartered in Antalya and based at Antalya Airport.
Corendon Airlines is a part of Corendon Tourism Group.
History
Corendon Airlines, founded in 2004 with flight operations starting in April 2005, is an international airline transporting approximately 6 million travelers each year. The Dutch sister company Corendon Dutch Airlines was founded in 2011 and the Maltese sister company Corendon Airlines Europe was founded in 2017.
Destinations
Corendon Airlines operates flights from 145 airports in more than 40 countries; majorly Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Israel, Egypt, Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, the Czech Republic, North Macedonia, Romania, and Scandinavian countries with full charter, split charter, sub charter, and wet lease business models.
Corendon Airlines uses many airports to base its aircraft in many countries. Besides Antalya, Izmir and Kayseri in Turkey, the airline bases aircraft in Hannover, Cologne, Munster and Nurnberg in Germany. In 2021, Corendon Airlines added three new European bases: Dusseldorf in Germany, London in the United Kingdom and Basel in Switzerland.
Fleet
The Corendon Airlines current fleet consists of the following aircraft as of June 2022:
Accidents and incidents
On 2 October 2010 a Boeing 737-400 of Corendon Airlines overran runway 22 at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport and ended up with its nosegear in the mud after a flight from Dalaman.
On 14 October 2012 Corendon Airlines Flight 733, a Boeing 737-800 operating between Antalya and Trondheim on a scheduled passenger flight, suffered a hull loss after the plane caught fire during pushback from the gate. 27 passengers were injured during the evacuation. The cause was determined to be a short circuit in the captain's cockpit panel near an oxygen tank.
References
External links
2004 establishments in Turkey
Airlines of Turkey
Airlines established in 2004
Charter airlines
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5381204
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Allison
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Ray Allison
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Raymond Peter Allison (born March 4, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played seven seasons in the National Hockey League for the Hartford Whalers and Philadelphia Flyers. Allison was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia.
Playing career
Following a phenomenal junior career, Allison became the first ever draft pick in the history of the Hartford Whalers/Carolina Hurricanes franchise. He was expected to be a franchise player but failed to impress during his rookie season. A year later, Allison was traded in a ten player deal to Philadelphia. There he would develop into a scoring forward but suffered a broken ankle during the 1982–83 season. He never regained a regular spot on the Flyers roster, and played his last few seasons in the AHL and Swiss leagues.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards
WCHL Second All-Star Team – 1978
WHL First All-Star Team – 1979
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
Binghamton Whalers players
Brandon Travellers players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey centres
EHC Bülach players
EHC Olten players
Hartford Whalers draft picks
Hartford Whalers players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Maine Mariners players
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Philadelphia Flyers players
SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers players
Sportspeople from Cranbrook, British Columbia
Springfield Indians players
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3989578
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image%20%28Angel%20novel%29
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Image (Angel novel)
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Image is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel.
Plot summary
Cordelia Chase has a vision of a child being attacked by a squidlike demon. Meanwhile, Gunn is trying to rescue a young artist; the artist's studio is being attacked by vampires. Cordelia goes to investigate the mansion from her vision. She soon finds herself surrounded by baby products, portraits, and chased by a tentacled monster.
When Angel arrives on the scene, he is surprised to discover that he recognizes some of the portraits. He holds distant memories of him and Darla spending a night with storytellers and artists. Angel reveals that he and Darla were present at the party where Mary Shelley was inspired to write Frankenstein; indeed, they witnessed the event that gave Mary the initial idea.
An old evil is trying to use a painting to preserve the life of its body, which, in the terms of the story, inspired the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. In their efforts to save a child the villain is focused on, Team Angel will learn not to judge everything by its image.
Tagline
"A picture is worth a thousand words."
Continuity
Supposed to be set early in Angel season 2, shortly after the episode "Epiphany".
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia Chase, Charles Gunn, Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, Merl.
Merl – the demon snitch used by Angel for most of season two – features in this novel, stealing material from a tabloid magazine and attempting to use it to blackmail Angel Investigations' current clients.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered as canonical. Some consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while others consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were approved by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
2002 American novels
2002 fantasy novels
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
Novels by Mel Odom
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3989579
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelican%20Nebula
|
Pelican Nebula
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The Pelican Nebula (also known as IC 5070 and IC 5067) is an H II region associated with the North America Nebula in the constellation Cygnus. The gaseous contortions of this emission nebula bear a resemblance to a pelican, giving rise to its name. The Pelican Nebula is located nearby first magnitude star Deneb, and is divided from its more prominent neighbour, the North America Nebula, by a foreground molecular cloud filled with dark dust. Both are part of the larger H II region of Westerhout 40.
The Pelican is much studied because it has a particularly active mix of star formation and evolving gas clouds. The light from young energetic stars is slowly transforming cold gas to hot and causing an ionization front gradually to advance outward. Particularly dense filaments of cold gas are seen to still remain, and among these are found two jets emitted from the Herbig–Haro object 555. Millions of years from now this nebula might no longer be known as the Pelican, as the balance and placement of stars and gas will leave something that appears completely different.
References
External links
APOD Pictures:
Pelican Nebula Close-up
North America and the Pelican
Nebulae in the Northern Cross
IC 5067 in the Pelican Nebula
Northern Cygnus
Atlas of the Universe
Image by Arran Hill
IC 5067/5070 Hires LRGB CCD Image
Cygnus (constellation)
H II regions
IC objects
Star-forming regions
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5381218
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Smarr
|
Larry Smarr
|
Larry Lee Smarr is a physicist and leader in scientific computing, supercomputer applications, and Internet infrastructure from Missouri. He currently works at the University of California, San Diego. Smarr has been among the most important synthesizers and conductors of innovation, discovery, and commercialization of new technologies – including areas as disparate as the Web browser and personalized medicine. In his career, Smarr has made pioneering breakthroughs in research on black holes, spearheaded the use of supercomputers for academic research, and presided over some of the major innovations that created the modern Internet. For nearly 20 years, he has been building a new model for academic research based on interdisciplinary collaboration.
Education
Larry Smarr received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Science degrees from the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri and received a PhD in physics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975.
Research
After graduating, Smarr did research at Princeton, Yale, and Harvard, and then joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1979. He is a Professor of Computer Science and Information Technologies at the University of California, San Diego.
While at Illinois, Larry Smarr wrote an ambitious proposal to address the future needs of scientific research. Seven other University of Illinois professors joined as co-Principal Investigators, and many others provided descriptions of what could be accomplished if the proposal were accepted. Formally titled A Center for Scientific and Engineering Supercomputing but known as the Black Proposal (after the color of its cover), it was submitted to the National Science Foundation in 1983. A scant 10 pages long, it was the first unsolicited proposal accepted and approved by the NSF, and resulted in the charter of four supercomputer centers (Cornell, Illinois, Princeton, and San Diego), with a fifth (Pittsburgh) added later. In 1985 Smarr became the first director of the Illinois center, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications.
Smarr continued to promote the benefits of technological innovation to scientific research, such as his advocacy of a high-speed network linking the national centers, which became the NSFNET, one of the significant predecessors of today's Internet. When the NSF revised its funding of supercomputer centers in 1997, Smarr became director of the National Computational Science Alliance, linking dozens of universities and research labs with NCSA to prototype the concept of grid computing.
In 2000, Larry Smarr moved to California and proposed the creation of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2), linking departments and researchers at UCSD and UC Irvine. Smarr served as Institute Director of Calit2 from its founding until his retirement in 2020.
As part of the work of Calit2, he is Principal Investigator on the NSF OptIPuter LambdaGrid project, an "optical backplane for planetary scale distributed computing" and the CAMERA Project, a high-performance computing resource for genomic research.
He attended the Beyond Belief symposium on November 2006 and presented at the 2010 and 2012 Life Extension Conferences.
Since 2012, Larry Smarr has been engaged in a computer-aided study of his own body.
Awards and honors
Larry Smarr has received numerous honors and awards, including:
Member of the National Academy of Engineering
Fellow of the American Physical Society
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Franklin Institute's Delmer S. Fahrney Medal for Leadership in Science or Technology (1990)
Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology (2005)
Golden Goose Award for his work involving black holes and supercomputering. (2014)
Member of the San Diego Science Festival's Nifty Fifty, a collection of the most influential scientists in the San Diego area.
References
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Physicists from Missouri
Scientists from Missouri
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
University of Missouri alumni
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences alumni
Harvard University staff
Fellows of the American Physical Society
1948 births
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3989580
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Whitbread%20Academy
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Samuel Whitbread Academy
|
Samuel Whitbread Academy is an Upper School and Sixth Form with Academy status serving the rural communities around the small market town of Shefford in Central Bedfordshire. Its school campus includes a nursery school and facilities for adult education.
The school has recently won the schools national vase at Twickenham. Both its under 18 and under 15 division went to Twickenham after both teams winning in the semi finals at Allianz Park (Saracens' home ground). Impressively, both teams lifted the trophy at Twickenham and came home with two victories. The school were also recently crowned School of the Year at the National Rugby Awards.
History
1970s
Originally designated Shefford & District Upper School, it was as Samuel Whitbread Upper School that it opened on a purpose-built site on 4 September 1973, as part of Bedfordshire County Council's re-organisation into a 3-tier, non-selective school system. Adult education provision was in place from the beginning under Mr Gordon Ainscough, but the name of the institution was not changed to Samuel Whitbread Upper School and Community College until 1975 (when the 'Headmaster' became the 'Head') and it became Samuel Whitbread Community College, (led by a 'Principal') at some point in the late 90s.
The Headmaster, when the school opened, was Mr Kenneth Dodsworth, and the Chairman of Governors was Alderman W. Inskip.
The original intention was for the school to have an eventual roll of 1100, drawn from the existing secondary modern schools Robert Bloomfield and Etonbury, which were to become middle schools, and from 1975, a planned purpose-built Henlow Middle School.
There were 457 pupils when the school was opened: 249 in what was then the '3rd Year' (now known as Year 9) from the Robert Bloomfield and Etonbury Schools; 94 in the '4th Year' (Year 10) and 117 in the 5th Year (Year 11) who were from Robert Bloomfield only. A vestigial 6th Form of 5 former Robert Bloomfield pupils was enrolled, although 6th form courses were not yet in place.
Thirty teachers were employed in September 1973, the last of whom retired in 2007. At that time there were 25 support staff, including 8 cleaners and 9 kitchen assistants.
21st century
The site was extensively updated to provide new facilities and space for school departments as part of a Private Finance Initiative with the companies Bilfinger Berger, Galliford Try, Gensler and Helaba. The site is owned by Bilfinger Berger and maintained by Galliford Try Facilities Management. The new buildings were officially opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on 17 November 2006.
On 1 March 2012, the school officially became an academy and was renamed Samuel Whitbread Academy. Previously the school had been a specialist Engineering College.
Samuel Whitbread's Principal is Nick Martin.
Catchment area
The catchment area is bounded by the parishes of Arlesey, Stotfold, Stondon, Shillington, Campton, Chicksands, Haynes, Southill , Stanford, Broom, Langford and Meppershall.
House System
To help with managing the large number of students, the school employs a House system, whereby students are separated into five "houses" with which they are associated for their time at the school. Students may change house if they move between form classes, and most change from year 11 to 12 when entering sixth form.
The five Houses are:
Whishaw - House colour:
Sims - House colour:
Moore - House colour:
Rashford - House colour:
Obama - House colour:
They are named after Ben Whishaw, David Sims, Tom Moore, Marcus Rashford, and Michelle Obama. These houses were introduced in September 2021 in an attempt to increase diversity amongst the house names. This was chosen through a combination of pupil votes, nominations, and school council decisions. The house colours and shields were kept the same. While 2 racial minorities were added, the representation of women remained at one.
The previous system used Ben Whishaw, Frank Whittle, Ralph Endersby Harwood, Victoria Pendleton, and Laurence Olivier as namesakes. All of whom have a historical connection to Clifton, Shefford.
Before this the houses were Curie and Brunel.
These houses are used to simplify school-wide activities and competitions, such as assemblies. Sporting events will often be organised in ‘houses’ culminating in the 'SWA House Olympics' at the end of the year. Pupils' uniform is subtly changed to signify their house, with changes to tie and blazer colour.
Houses can earn points throughout the year by succeeding in events like the House Olympics, participating in charity work, or taking more books from the library. The house with the most points at the end of the year are named ‘House Champions.’
The Society
The school provides for its highest attaining Sixth Form students a programme to prepare them for Oxbridge and Russell Group universities. This programme is headed by the Head of Academia at the school, Professor Hubbard. One aspect of membership of The Society is taking part in the Individual Learning Programme (ILP), in which members specialise in a chosen subject to enhance their learning; they may also participate in activities to prepare them for their applications and interviews with prospective universities.
Notable alumni
Ben Whishaw, actor, noted for acting the lead role in Tom Tykwer's film Perfume: The Story of a Murderer. His best-known role now is the portrayal of Q in Skyfall.
Jack Collison, a footballer during his time at the school, who has gone on to represent Wales' u21s and full national side as well as playing for West Ham United's first XI.
Syed Wajeeh Shah, a YouTube personality prominent as a voice in Ubisoft's The Crew 2. His channel 'Sidwaj' (so called as a contraction of his name) hit 20,000 subscribers in April 2022. His channel has over 2,000,000 total views with his drift guide surpassing 150,000 itself. He frequently collaborates with Josh Lear, who attended the school alongside Shah.
Crissie Rhodes, one half of British country duo The Shires, who have achieved UK chart success since 2015.
Notes and references
Bedfordshire County Council Education Committee (1973) Reorganisation of schools in the Shefford / South East Bedfordshire Area: Information for parents The , Bedford
Samuel Whitbread Upper School & Community College (1973–1983) School Annals (unpublished chronicle)
Specific
External links
Samuel Whitbread Academy Website
Upper schools in Central Bedfordshire District
Academies in Central Bedfordshire District
Educational institutions established in 1989
1989 establishments in England
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5381226
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKDD
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KKDD
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KKDD (1290 AM) is a radio station in San Bernardino, California. The station is owned by Relevant Radio, Inc. It airs a Catholic talk format for the Inland Empire region of Southern California including Riverside and San Bernardino.
History
In 1947, the radio station first signed on as KITO, owned by the San Bernardino Broadcasting Company. It was a network affiliate of ABC, carrying its schedule of dramas, comedies, news, sports, soap operas and big band broadcasts during the Golden Age of Radio. In the 1950s, it changed its network affiliation to the Mutual Broadcasting System and Don Lee Network.
In 1962, the station was bought by Radio Associates, Inc., which switched it to a Top 40 sound as KMEN, known on the air as K/men 129. In the competitive Top 40 format, K/men 129 battled crosstown rival AM 590 KFXM (now KTIE) for youthful ratings. As Top 40 listening shifted to FM radio in the 1980s, KMEN tried a variety of formats, including middle of the road, oldies and talk. While the Las Vegas Raiders football team played in Los Angeles, KMEN was the Inland Empire affiliate.
In 1997, Chancellor Broadcasting, bought KMEN, flipping the format to adult standards. In September 1998, The station call sign was changed to KKDD, which refers to KiDs, and the station switched to a children's radio format, featuring music and programming from the Radio Disney network. In 2000, Chancellor Broadcasting merged with Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia).
On April 3, 2012, ERC Media signed a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Clear Channel, allowing the company to program the station with a mix of Contemporary Christian music and brokered religious teaching programs. During this time, the station's programming originated from the Orange County studios of 107.9 KWVE-FM, a longtime Christian radio station.
On April 11, 2014, ERC Media's LMA expired and Clear Channel resumed programming KKDD, this time with a Spanish-language adult hits format branded as "La Preciosa 1290."
On May 15, 2017, 1290 KKDD swapped formats with sister station KFNY in Riverside. 1290 KKDD became a talk station, while KFNY became "La Presciosa 1440."
On October 1, 2020, iHeartMedia and Immaculate Heart Media announced a swap in which KKDD, along with W292DH in Pittsburgh, would be acquired by Immaculate Heart in exchange for WZAB in Miami; the swap saw KKDD join the Relevant Radio network.
References
External links
FCC History Cards for KKDD
KDD
Mass media in San Bernardino, California
Radio stations established in 1947
1947 establishments in California
Relevant Radio stations
KDD
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3989583
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haunted%20%28Angel%20novel%29
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Haunted (Angel novel)
|
Haunted is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel. Tagline: "Reality television is taken one step too far." Characters include: Angel, Cordelia, Wesley, Gunn, Lilah Morgan and the Host.
Plot summary
Cordy's finally getting a big break—she will be a contestant on some "reality programming". She must spend five days and four nights in an apparently haunted house. Living with a ghost and catching demons for a living, she sees this as an easy challenge. However, there is more going on than Cordy knows. In a vision on her first night, she sees one of the applicants who didn't make it to the show. She secretly communicates the scenario to Angel and Co., who are instantly on the case.
Angel, Wesley and Gunn search for the missing actress as supernatural activity at the house increases. Soon, Wolfram & Hart also get involved and Cordelia is forced to consider her priorities.
Continuity
The book is supposed to be set in the latter half of Angel season 2, between "Epiphany" and "Over the Rainbow".
An early possible title was "The House", since promotional coverwork feature this title instead of "Haunted".
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Shadowcat.name - Review of this book
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2002 American novels
2002 fantasy novels
Novels by Jeff Mariotte
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5381237
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20of%20the%20Democratic%20Centre%20%28Greece%29
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Union of the Democratic Centre (Greece)
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The Union of the Democratic Centre (, Enosi Dimokratikou Kentrou, EDIK) is a centrist, liberal political party in Greece.
The party was founded on 5 February 1976, two years after the end of the Greek military junta of 1967–74, asserting itself to be the ideological successor of the pre-1967 Centre Union party. EDIK was the result of the merger of Centre Union – New Forces and the Democratic Centre Union of Ioannis Zidgis. Its party leader at the time was George Mavros who earlier led the Center Union – New Forces; Mavros, though, would join the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) a couple of years later. The party was led by Zidgis in the early 1980s, and has since adopted more social-democratic positions.
With the Greek political spectrum shifting to the left, EDIK was increasingly marginalized, with PASOK replacing it as the country's second major party. The party's support collapsed in the elections of 1981, when it gained 0.7% of the vote and was shut out of Parliament. However, George Mavros was elected as an independent on a PASOK ticket, and again in 1985, when EDIK and PASOK officially co-operated. In 1989, EDIK ran independently and did not elect any representatives in parliament.
From 1998 to 2011, the party president was Neoklis Sarris, and the party operated mostly as a forum of political analysis and public, ideological debates. In the 2009 legislative elections Neoklis Sarris ran for Democratic Revival. In 2012 the Union of the Democratic Centre was reconstructed. Stavros Karabelas was elected new president of the party and shifted the political characteristics of the party to the left. Consequently, in the May 2012 election the party participated as part of the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA).
Leaders
George Mavros
Ioannis Zidgis
Neoklis Sarris
Stavros Karabelas
Elections
1977 – 12 seats
1981 – 1 seat
1985 – 1 seat
External links
EDIK movement
Liberal parties in Greece
Social democratic parties in Greece
Radical parties
Social liberal parties
Political parties established in 1976
Centrist parties in Greece
Components of Syriza
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5381246
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton%20Lazars
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Burton Lazars
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Burton Lazars is a village south-east of Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire having a population of c.450 in 2015. It is the site of the remains of the English headquarters of the military and hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus. The official population as taken at the 2011 census is included in the civil parish of Burton and Dalby
Village history
The village's name means 'farm/settlement with a fortification'. The name 'Lazars' derives from St Lazarus, and was added after the Leprosy Hospital was opened by the Order of Saint Lazarus in the 12th century.
It was originally an Anglo-Saxon village which was listed under the simple name of 'Burtone' at the time of William the Conqueror's Domesday Book in 1086. Before the conquest it was held by Leofric (the noble) son of Leofwin, but was given to Geoffrey of la Guerche once the Normans had taken control of England. It consisted of of meadow and two mills and had a population made up of 30 villagers, 27 smallholders, 4 slaves, 100 freemen, 2 priests and had a value of £23.5.
Burton's name was changed to Burton St Lazarus when the Order of Saint Lazarus opened a Leper Hospital on a hill next to the village during the Crusades of the 12th century. The hospital became the Order's headquarters for the whole of its English estates and raised large amounts of money to fund the Order's activities (both military and hospitalary) in the Holy Land. The village's name quickly became abbreviated to Burton Lazars.
The village has a natural sulphurous spring which was probably a major reason for the location of the hospital. A more recent attempt to use this for bathing was made in 1760 when a bath house was built but this did not achieve commercial success.
The graves of the racing driver Eliot Zborowski and his son Louis Zborowski, also a racing driver, lie in the parish churchyard.
In the early 1900s the village was famous for a steeplechase racecourse and grandstand just east of the village.
Hospital of Burton St Lazarus
Early history
The hospital at Burton Lazars was founded between 1135 and 1138 and is thought to have been financed by subscriptions from throughout England. It was flourishing by 1146 when it started to found cells in other parts of the country to cope with the spread of leprosy brought back by soldiers and pilgrims returning from the crusades.
The largest donor is supposed to have been the Norman landowner Roger de Mowbray who himself took part in the Second Crusade from 1147 to 1148; his lion rampant coat of arms was adopted by the hospital alongside the Order of St Lazarus' normal green cross. He made a generous donation of two carucates of land (c.), a house and two mills to the Order in 1150 and his family continued their support for many generations.
Burton St Lazarus was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St Lazarus and consisted of a Master and eight brethren, who all followed the Augustinian rule, and varying numbers of lepers and injured knights. The brethren (and sisters) wore habits and were not afraid to beg for alms. They had the use of a chapter house, a burial ground and were assisted by lay priests and servants.
Other early donors include Simon, Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Alice daughter of Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln who gave the churches of Great Hale, Heckington, and Threckingham; William Burdett of Loseby who gave the churches of Haselbech in Northamptonshire and Loseby and Galby in Leicestershire; William de Ferrers, 3rd Earl of Derby who gave Spondon in Derbyshire; and Henry de Lacy who gave the church of Castleford in Yorkshire.
In 1180 King Henry II confirmed the above grants by charter and gave the hospital 40 marks per annum of his own. Subsequent Kings and Popes granted further privileges such as exemption from royal and papal taxes and the right to sell indulgences for the profit of the Order.
The Hospital survived a great fire in the 1300s caused by a plumber.
General Commander of the Order of St. Lazarus in England
The Master of the hospital was not only in charge of the hospital at Burton but also of the Order's lands and hospitals throughout the entirety of England and was known as "General Commander of the Order of St. Lazarus in England". He was answerable to no-one but the Master of the Order at Jerusalem. The Master of Burton Lazars travelled throughout the country visiting other Lazarite houses performing administrative duties and correcting faults.
Although the Order's main purpose was to provide protection and hospice for both healthy and leprous pilgrims and knights in the Holy Land, its function in England was primarily a fund-raising one. The Master was responsible for managing its English estates and was involved in frequent territorial disputes. Methods of debt recovery employed by the Leicestershire gentry included kidnapping and theft and the Masters of Burton Lazars were not afraid to use such vigilante practices.
The Order also saw internal conflict with two notable disputes between its brethren. The first concerned Nicholas de Dover who claimed to be Master of the Order in 1364, despite Geoffrey de Chaddesden already being recognised as master and not having resigned. Dover took his case to the Pope and on his return procured a mandate ordering the arrest of Chaddesden, calling him a "vagabond" and dismissing him by referring to him as just a lowly "brother of the Order". Four years later Chaddesden complained that he had been imprisoned by "evil-doers" at Burton St Lazars and that his life was in danger. Luckily for him he had some powerful friends and in 1372 a compromise agreement was reached whereby Geoffrey de Chaddesden gave up command of the order in return for a pension of forty marks a year for the rest of his life.
The second dispute was triggered in 1389 when Richard II appointed two of his own clerks to run Burton Lazars and St Giles Hospital, London, another of the possessions of the Order of St Lazarus. The Order itself had appointed Walter Lynton as its Master and conflict broke out in 1391 when the Abbot of St Mary Graces, Tower Hill seized St Giles Hospital for himself and removed stock and furniture worth £1000. Lynton responded by leading a group of armed men to St Giles and recapturing it using force. The dispute was finally settled in court with the King claiming he had been misled about the ownership of St Giles and recognising Lynton as legal Master of both hospitals.
To avoid further ownership disputes Lynton created the Cartulary of Burton St Lazars to fully document the Order's rights to its lands.
Confraternity of Burton Lazars
The Fall of Acre in 1291 marked the end of the crusades and pilgrimages to the Holy Land and the role of the Order of St Lazarus changed to one of confraternity as Leprosy
slowly died out in England. Wealthy donations to the order were rewarded with membership and prayers for the souls of the donors and their families to help in their purification. Elderly relatives of members were also offered accommodation at Burton in their retirement.
Membership was not just restricted to the local gentry; it also boasted wealthy patrons such as Lady Margaret Beaufort, Sir Henry Stafford and Henry VII and also entire villages such as East and West Hagbourne, Berkshire and Tredington, Gloucestershire. It seems to have been a large business and agents were used to recruit new members in areas far away from the immediate vicinity of Burton.
In 1422 the confraternity of Burton Lazars was granted the older Leper Hospital of the Hospital of the Holy Innocents, Lincoln
A large number of seals have been found in various parts of England that belonged to the Confraternity of Burton St Lazarus.
Demise
The hospital survived the initial Dissolution of the Monasteries but was surrendered to the crown on 4 May 1544 when it was valued at £265 10s 2.5d. This figure places Burton St Lazars as being wealthier than other hospitals but not as prosperous as monasteries.
Remains
The hospital has become buried but its presence can still be seen today in the shape of earthworks and ponds. In 1913 the Marquis of Granby, later the 9th Duke of Rutland, began excavations and uncovered baking ovens and 100 clay tiles (now kept by the British Museum), some bearing the Coats of Arms of families such as the Ferrers, Astleys and Bassets who were patrons or members of the Hospital. The excavation was interrupted by the onset of war and so was not completed.
Aerial photography and fieldwork have subsequently helped make more sense of the layout of the site but, as of yet, no further excavations have been made which would reveal more of its history.
References
External links
Domesday Book entry for Burton
William Page, "The Victoria history of the county of Leicester, Volume 2", A. Constable, 1954, p. 36
Historic England Archive information about the site of Burton Lazars Hospital
Military and Hospitaller Order of St Lazarus of Jerusalem, Grand Priory of England and Wales
Burton Lazars Welcomes Careful Drivers - Track by instrumental Post-Punk band, family of noise
Villages in Leicestershire
English medieval hospitals and almshouses
Hospitals established in the 12th century
Order of Saint Lazarus
Leper hospitals
History of Leicestershire
Archaeological sites in Leicestershire
Defunct horse racing venues in England
Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910)
Borough of Melton
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5381254
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn%20Anderson
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Shawn Anderson
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Shawn Stephen Anderson (born February 7, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Buffalo Sabres, Quebec Nordiques, Washington Capitals and Philadelphia Flyers.
As a youth, he played in the 1980 and 1981 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from LaSalle, Quebec.
Career statistics
References
External links
1968 births
Augsburger Panther players
Baltimore Skipjacks players
Buffalo Sabres draft picks
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Halifax Citadels players
Hershey Bears players
Iserlohn Roosters players
Kalamazoo Wings (1974–2000) players
Living people
Maine Black Bears men's ice hockey players
Manitoba Moose (IHL) players
Milwaukee Admirals (IHL) players
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Nürnberg Ice Tigers players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Quebec Nordiques players
Revier Löwen players
Rochester Americans players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Utah Grizzlies (IHL) players
Washington Capitals players
Wedemark Scorpions players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Germany
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
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5381298
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolas%20criollas
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Bolas criollas
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Bolas criollas is a traditional team sport from Venezuela, very popular in the Llanos and most rural regions. It is one of the most representative icons of Llanero culture. Its origins can be traced back to traditional European boules sports, such as bocce and pétanque.
Objective
Two teams of two participants equipped with eight heavy balls throw in turns and attempt to place them as close as possible to a much smaller metal ball. The team that reaches a maximum of 100 points in several attempts wins the match.
Description
It is played in a court shaped as a large level rectangle, built of flattened earth (typically rich in sand or clay), clear of trees or visible obstacles. The court must keep a 3:2 proportion ratio and its actual dimensions may vary, but an approximate size of is preferred.
The court is usually enclosed with logs, wooden boards or concrete slabs. On occasion an internal string perimeter fitted at no more than from the enclosure signals valid gaming ground. The solid balls (roughly diameter, made of synthetic material) are coloured red and green respectively to separate each team. The small steel or iron ball called mingo has a diameter no greater than and is used as a marker. At the beginning of a match, a previously drawn member of either team throws the mingo from one established end of the court (called the calzador) to the opposite end. If the mingo rests in the opposite half of the court, the toss is valid. From then, participants of each team alternatively toss one ball each from the calzador attempting to make their balls rest as close to the mingo as possible (or touching it). After all balls have been thrown, a designated judge awards points to the winning team based on their balls' proximity to the mingo. If the match is not ended by a winning score, the whole routine is repeated from the alternate end (for ease, as there is no need to carry the heavy balls back to the original place). A valid toss in bolas criollas is done with the palm of the hand facing downward (in opposition to bowling, for example), and the arm must swing in a graceful arc, body resting on one flexed leg and the other leg extended. Running to gain momentum is allowed, as long as the player does not overshoot the calzador.
Scoring
Points are awarded in the following fashion: the judge identifies the winning colour as the ball that is closest to the mingo. An imaginary circle with the mingo in the center is drawn, its radius being the center of the first ball of the opposite colour. Any balls of the winning colour that fall within this circle are counted as points. A maximum of eight and minimum of zero (a draw) can be counted by each "set". As measurements can be imprecise and somewhat subjective in loose soil, discussions frequently arise. The judge may require a bit of string (to use as a "ruler") or other tools, and more than one judge may be required for unbiased decisions. When not officially competing, participants may use steps (counting the number of steps placed in front of the other - tip to heel to the mingo), outstretched hands, twigs or whatever means available, giving rise to somewhat hilarious situations.
Tricks and moves
Though a simple game, experienced bolas criollas players display great skill at their throws. Several valid moves and tricks are commonly exploited that completely alter the course of a game.
Arrime - When a player throws a ball in a gentle calculated arc and it lands just beside the mingo.
Boche - A difficult move where a skilled thrower hits the winning ball of an opponent with his own, displacing the opponent's ball and leaving the thrower's team in a winning position. An alternative version of this move is hitting the mingo itself, thus changing completely the geometry of the game.
Clavao - A Boche with effect, that leaves the "aggressive" ball in the exact position of the original ball as if "nailed".
History
The first report about the arrival of this game to Venezuela mention that Spanish monks brought it with the conquistadores. Since 1930, it has become widely popular, and during the first National Sports Games event in 1956, it was elevated to a sport, and official rules were set. Since then, it has been one of the most popular attractions in this event. The National Bolas Criollas Championship takes place every year during the months of August and September. The game is also very popular in Colombia (mostly in the city of Cúcuta) and in Cuba.
Boules
Team sports
Sports originating in Venezuela
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5381305
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikael%20Andersson%20%28ice%20hockey%2C%20born%201966%29
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Mikael Andersson (ice hockey, born 1966)
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Mikael Bo Andersson (born 10 May 1966) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey forward who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Buffalo Sabres, Hartford Whalers, Tampa Bay Lightning, Philadelphia Flyers, and New York Islanders. Andersson is now serving as a scout for the Tampa Bay Lightning. He is the older brother of former hockey player Niklas Andersson.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
External links
1966 births
Buffalo Sabres draft picks
Buffalo Sabres players
Frölunda HC players
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Living people
National Hockey League first round draft picks
New York Islanders players
Olympic ice hockey players of Sweden
Philadelphia Flyers players
Rochester Americans players
Sportspeople from Malmö
Springfield Indians players
Swedish ice hockey right wingers
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Tampa Bay Lightning scouts
Swedish expatriate ice hockey people
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5381309
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%20Library%20Consortium
|
Michigan Library Consortium
|
On February 15, 2010, the Michigan Library Consortium (MLC) merged with INCOLSA to form the Midwest Collaborative for Library Services (MCLS). MCLS is a non-profit membership organization composed of various types of libraries from Indiana and Michigan. MCLS provides libraries a convenient, single point of contact for training, group purchasing and technical support for electronic resources.
For further information, see the Midwest Collaborative for Library Services (MCLS) website.
Libraries in Michigan
Library consortia
Library consortia in Michigan
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5381332
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamstown%20High%20School%20%28New%20Jersey%29
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Williamstown High School (New Jersey)
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Williamstown High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school located in the Williamstown section of Monroe Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as the lone secondary school of the Monroe Township Public Schools. The school was established in 1958.
As of the 2019–20 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,776 students and 127.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.0:1. There were 426 students (24.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 116 (6.5% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Construction
Construction on the current school building began in 1994 and was completed in 1997. Prior to 1997, Williamstown High School was located in what is currently Williamstown Middle School. The school mascot is a Brave and the school colors are Royal Blue and White.
Construction began again during the 2007-2008 school year on the high school to build an additional two wings because of overcrowding and to build a new auxiliary gym/dance studio. A few renovations in the existing building were also done to replace some old piping, wiring, and the gym and stage floor. The construction was completed between December 2008 and January 2009.
Awards, recognition and rankings
The school was the 257th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 295th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 270th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 259th in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 248th out of 316 public high schools in New Jersey in the magazine's 2006 rankings. Schooldigger.com ranked the school 194th out of 381 public high schools statewide in its 2011 rankings (a decrease of 29 positions from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified as proficient or above proficient on the two components of the High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA), mathematics (79.6%) and language arts literacy (91.4%).
Athletics
The Williamstown High School Braves compete as one of the member schools in the Tri-County Conference, which is comprised of public and private high schools located in Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester and Salem counties. The conference is overseen by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). With 1,426 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Group IV for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 1,060 to 5,049 students in that grade range. The football team competes in the American Division of the 95-team West Jersey Football League superconference and was classified by the NJSIAA as Group V South for football for 2018–2020.
Sports offered at the school include:
Fall Sports: Cheerleading, Cross Country, Football, Field Hockey, Boys' Soccer, Girls' Soccer, Girls' Tennis, Girls' Volleyball
Winter Sports: Wrestling, Track, Swimming and Diving, Ice Hockey, Basketball, Cheerleading (Note: Ice Hockey is a separate club sport. Williamstown is a member of the South Jersey High School Ice Hockey League, and competes in Varsity Tier I)
Spring Sports: Girls' and Boys' Spring Track, Boys' Baseball, Girls' Softball, Golf, Boys' Tennis and Boys' Volleyball, Girls' and Boys' Lacrosse
The girls team won the NJSIAA spring / outdoor track Group II title in 1981 and 1982, and won the Group III title in 1995 and 1996.
The boys track team won the Group III spring / outdoor track state championship in 1984 (as co-champion).
The girls volleyball team won the Group III state championship in 2006 (defeating West Morris Central High School in the final match) and won the Group IV title in 2010 (vs. Livingston High School), 2012 (vs. Hunterdon Central Regional High School) and 2019 (vs. North Hunterdon High School) The team won the 2006 Group III state championship, two games to none (25-20 and 26-24) over West Morris Central High School. Their victory was the team's first State title and made them only the third South Jersey team to win a girl's state title in the sport, joining Eastern High School and Cherry Hill High School East. The girls team finished the 2010 season with a record of 30-2, capped off by winning the Group IV title in two games, defeating Livingston High School to earn the program's second state title. The 2019 team won the Group III title in two games against North Hunterdon (25-17 and 30-28) and advanced to the Tournament of Champions as the second seed, falling in the semifinals to third-seeded West Morris Mendham High School in two games (25-17 and 27-25) to finish the season with a record of 30-3.
The softball team won the Group IV state championship in 2008 (defeating Ridgewood High School in the final round of the tournament) and 2009 (vs. Union High School). The 2008 team defeated Toms River High School East to win the South Jersey, Group IV state sectional championship, with a 2-0 win in the tournament final. The team won the Group IV title with a 1-0 win over Old Bridge High School in the semifinals and finished the season with a 26-1 record after a 2-0 win against Ridgewood in the finals. Williamstown was ranked as the number one softball team in New Jersey and number 25th ranked team in the nation in the USA Today final 2008 rankings. NJ.com / The Star-Ledger ranked Williamstown as their number-one softball team in the state in 2008. In spring 2009 the Williamstown softball team again defeated Toms River High School East to win the South Jersey, Group IV state sectional championship, with a three-run walk-off home run in the bottom of the eleventh inning. The team repeated as Group IV State Champions when they defeated Union High School by a final score of 3-0, allowing only one hit.
The girls' spring track team won Tri-County Championships in 2009.
The football team won the South Jersey Group V state sectional championship in 2012, 2018 and 2019. The team won the 2018 South Jersey Group V state sectional title with a 56-20 win against Rancocas Valley Regional High School. The team won the 2019 South Jersey Group V title with a 14-10 win against Lenape High School with a 14-10 win in the championship game and went on to win the South /Central Group V championship against Lenape High School by a score of 30-14 in the bowl game.
In 2015, the Williamstown baseball team defeated Cherokee High School by a score of 4-1 in the tournament final to win the South Jersey Group IV state sectional championship
Marching band
The school's marching band was Tournament of Bands Chapter One Champions in 2003 and 2007 (Group 1) and 2005-06 (Group 2). The band was the 2003 Atlantic Coast Champion in Group 1 and the 2000 Atlantic Coast Invitational Champion in Group 2. The Band was 2010 USSBA "National" Champions, winning best percussion, effect, visual, and music. Since the change of director in 2012, the Williamstown Marching Braves has been on a steady increase. The Marching Braves' Percussion Section won the USBands "National" Championship in 2014 and the band placed 2nd overall, missing first place by only .063 points. The Williamstown Indoor Percussion Ensemble which competes in the TIA (Tournament of Bands) indoor percussion circuit was promoted to the National A Class during their 2015 season after their performance at Avon Grove High School March 14, 2015 and their performance at the WGI (Winter Guard International) regional at Unionville High School (Unionville, PA).
Administration
The school's principal is Angelo DeStefano. His administration team includes four assistant principals.
Notable alumni
Raymond Arvidson (class of 1965), Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, best known for his contributions to NASA missions to Mars, including as deputy director of the Mars Exploration Rovers.
Leroy Thompson (born 1971), former fullback / linebacker who played in the Arena Football League for 13 seasons.
References
External links
Williamstown High School snapshot
Monroe Township Public Schools
School Data for the Monroe Township Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Monroe Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey
1958 establishments in New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1958
Public high schools in Gloucester County, New Jersey
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5381333
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sante%20Uberto%20Barbieri
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Sante Uberto Barbieri
|
Sante Uberto Barbieri was a bishop of The Methodist Church, elected in 1949. A native of Italy, he was elected Bishop by the Latin American Central Conference of the Church. He was assigned the work of the Church in Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay.
Barbieri held bachelor's, master's and divinity degrees from Southern Methodist University. He also held a master's degree from Emory University. Prior to his election to the episcopacy, Rev. Barbieri served in Brazil and Argentina. In 1954 Bishop Barbieri also was one of six presidents elected to seven-year terms in the World Council of Churches.
Life
Bishop Sante Uberto Barbieri was born in Dueville, Province of Vicenza, North of Italy, in 1902. His parents were Sante Barbieri and María Luigia Zanzotto. In his childhood he lived in Switzerland and in Germany; when he was 9 years old, his parents moved to Brazil. There he attended elementary and high school. His passion for freedom guided him to get in touch with the Methodists. When he was 20 years old, he joined the Methodist Church as one of its members, in Passo Fundo, RGS.
In 1923 at the tie of the Meeting of the Annual Conference of the Methodist Church, he was accepted as pastor of the Annual Conference of the Southern Methodist Church in Brazil.
In 1924 he married Odette de Oliveira, from Minas Gerais; they became the parents of four children: 1 daughter and 3 sons.
The same year he married Ms. de Oliveira, he started studies at the Theological Methodist Seminary in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
In 1929, in company of his wife and his two elder children, he travelled to the US for postgraduate studies at the So. Methodist University of Dallas, TX and at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, obtaining B.A., MA. and B.D. degrees.
In addition to the academic degrees he obtained at the mentioned Universities, he was awarded with the Distinguished Alumni Award and the LLD Honorary degrees from the Southern Methodist University as well as Doctor of Human Letters Honorary degree by Emory University.
He returned to Brazil in 1933 where he was appointed pastor of the Central Methodist Church in Porto Alegre as well as Professor and Dean of the Theological Methodist Seminary of Southern Brazil in the same city, and afterwards, when the Seminary was transferred, to Passo Fundo.
In 1939 he was transferred to the River Plate region (Argentina and Uruguay) to teach at the Theological Seminary in the city of Buenos Aires. In 1942 he was appointed pastor of the Central Methodist Church of Buenos Aires; in 1948 he was elected as Dean of the Methodist Seminary of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
He was elected Bishop of the Methodist Church by the Latin American Central Conference, celebrated in Buenos Aires, in 1949.
As his Bishop, he had to supervise the religious Methodist undertaking in 3 Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay; so he frequently travelled from one church to another all over that vast region of Latin America.
He was re-elected Bishop for four consecutive 4-year periods. He was invited by the Council of Bishops of the United Methodist Church to continue to exercising the Episcopal activity for another year. After that, he was appointed the Bishop of the Methodist Church in Peru.
Between 1969 and 1973 he presided over the organization of the Methodist Churches in Argentina, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Panama, Peru and Uruguay to become autonomous Methodist Churches.
Due to his Episcopal work in Bolivia for so many years, the Bolivian Government awarded him with “The Order of the Eagle of Los Andes” in Cochabamba in 1969.
Bishop Barbieri was Vice President of the World Churches of Christian Education and Sunday School from NY until its fusion with the World Council of Churches. He was also President of the First Assembly of the Protestant Churches of Latin America (1949).
He served as Chaplain to the Meetings of the enlarged Committee of the International Missionary Council at Willingen, Germany, in 1952. He also attended many ecumenical and missionary Assemblies as Delegate as well as delivering lectures at Colleges and Universities, mainly in the U.S.A.
In 1950 he delivered lectures at the Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX at Randolph Macon College, Ashland, VA and at the Union Theological Seminary in Cuba.
At the Assembly of the World Council of Churches which met in Evanston, Illinois in 1954, he was elected one of the six Presidents of the World Council of Churches. Bishop Barbieri was the first Latin American man elected to fulfil this great responsibility. It was a job he held till the Third Assembly met in India in 1961. At this Assembly, he was elected as a member of the Executive Committee and of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches until 1968.
In connection with this work, he travelled a great deal all over the five continents, preaching and lecturing. He was one of the pioneers from Latin America to open the road for other Latin Americans to participate actively in the mission of the World Council of Churches. The Central Office of the World Council of Churches has his headquarters at Geneva, Switzerland.
In 1969 Bishop Barbieri presided the First Sessions of Delegates from the Methodist Churches in Latin America to constitute the Council of Evangelical Methodist Churches in Latin America (Consejo de Iglesias Evangélicas Metodistas de América Latina). At this time, he was elected its First Executive Secretary, a post he served in until 1978.
Since 1938, Bishop Barbieri was a member of the Academy of Letters of Rio Grande, Brazil.
Up to 1983, he wrote about 45 volumes of Christian commentaries, poetry, drama and religious stories in Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and English. Among his literary works in English, it is worth mentioning: “Spiritual currents in Latin America” and “Land of El Dorado”.
A group of Brazilian friends interested in Bishop Barbieri's literary works, created in 1978 the “Sante Uberto Barbieri Editorial Fund” with the intention of publishing his books. The first one published was Coloquios Intimos which was inspired by the Gospel of Mark; it contains 365 devotional poems. It as published in Portuguese and in Spanish.
In April 1982 he was awarded “The 1982 Upper Room Citation” at a ceremony which took place at the Central Methodist Church of Porto Alegre, Brazil. At that occasion, the “Anthology of Poems and Prose” was launched in English. The publication is available in Spanish, too.
He retired as an active Bishop in 1970, but his spiritual activity never ended. Afterwards he dedicated himself to lecturing, preaching and writing. In 1987 he received an award for his participation in a poetical contest in his own country. He presented a handful of poems under the title of “Pinceladas Poéticas”
His first wife, Odette de Oliveira died on July 24, 1983. On August 3, 1984 Bishop Barbieri married Delina Diaz, former Deaconess of the Methodist Church in Argentina and his devoted secretary for more than 50 years, who accompanied him till February 13, 1991 when he was called to the Eternal Life by God, his Master and Savior.
Bishop Barbieri fixed his residence at Ciudad Jardín Lomas del Palomar in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, since 1953.
His three sons are: Stelvio (Buenos Aires), Livio (Los Angeles, CA) and Flavio (La Paz, Bolivia). His only daughter, Laura, died July 2, 1989.
At the time he died, Dr Barbieri had 14 grandchildren and 12 great grandchildren.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
References
Obituary in The New York Times
The Council of Bishops of the United Methodist Church
InfoServ, the official information service of The United Methodist Church.
Year of birth missing
1991 deaths
Bishops of The Methodist Church (USA)
Emory University alumni
Italian emigrants to Brazil
Italian expatriates in Argentina
Southern Methodist University alumni
20th-century Methodist bishops
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5381342
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency%20escape
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Emergency escape
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Emergency escape can refer to:
Fire escapes in buildings
Emergency exits in vehicles
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3989585
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles
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2004 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
|
Defending champion Roger Federer successfully defended his title, defeating Andy Roddick in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon title and his third major title overall. This tournament marked the beginning of Federer's record streak of 23 consecutive major semifinals and 36 consecutive major quarterfinals (in which he made 20 finals and won 14 titles).
This tournament was the final major appearance for 2001 champion Goran Ivanišević, who announced his decision to retire following the tournament. He lost in the third round to 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt.
Seeds
Roger Federer (champion)
Andy Roddick (final)
Guillermo Coria (second round)
David Nalbandian (withdrew)
Tim Henman (quarterfinals)
Juan Carlos Ferrero (third round)
Lleyton Hewitt (quarterfinals)
Rainer Schüttler (third round)
Carlos Moyá (fourth round)
Sébastien Grosjean (semifinals)
Mark Philippoussis (fourth round)
Sjeng Schalken (quarterfinals)
Paradorn Srichaphan (first round)
Mardy Fish (second round)
Nicolás Massú (first round)
Jiří Novák (first round)
Jonas Björkman (third round)
Feliciano López (third round)
Marat Safin (first round)
Tommy Robredo (second round)
Juan Ignacio Chela (second round)
Andrei Pavel (second round)
Max Mirnyi (first round)
Fernando González (third round)
Dominik Hrbatý (third round)
Taylor Dent (third round)
Robby Ginepri (fourth round)
Ivan Ljubičić (first round)
Nicolas Kiefer (first round)
Vince Spadea (fourth round)
Mikhail Youzhny (first round)
Hicham Arazi (third round)
Luis Horna (first round)
David Nalbandian withdrew due to injury. He was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Luis Horna, who became the #33 seed.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
2004 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles
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3989586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger%20to%20the%20Sun
|
Stranger to the Sun
|
Stranger to the Sun is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel.
Plot summary
Wesley opens a strange package that arrives by special delivery, which instantly sends him into a slumber. It seems likely he is the victim of a spell. Angel leaves with Gunn to investigate. They discover that other people who might be able to assist, such as magick-shop owners, have also fallen victim exactly like Wesley.
Meanwhile, Cordy is struggling to research without Wes available. She soon begins to uncover a plot to plunge Earth into eternal darkness, so that vampires might rule over humans. Wesley is in the midst of a horrifying nightmare. If he cannot awaken, humankind may be in for a struggle.
Tagline
"It's a night of the living dead."
Continuity
Set in Angel season 2, somewhere between "Epiphany" and "Over the Rainbow".
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia Chase, Charles Gunn, Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, Lorne.
Reference is made to the future tension between Gunn and his gang in "That Old Gang of Mine", when Gunn recruits his old gang to find out further information about whatever is causing the mass sleep; at one point, one of the gang attempts to stake Angel during a fight, with the group as a whole 'joking' about Gunn's long absence from the main group and only tolerating Angel's presence as long as Gunn vouches for him.
In one chapter, while interrogating an employee working the graveyard shift at Los Angeles International Airport, Angel uses the pseudonym Herb Saunders. In Buffyverse canon, he used this alias as a goofy, slightly hyperactive tourist in Sense & Sensitivity in order to get the drop on Tony Papazian and his men and help Kate arrest them. This time, he uses the alias as an L.A.P.D. detective.
The novel mentions that MacKenna (the main villain of the story) managed to expertly organize Los Angeles's vampire population for the first time since the Slayer had killed the Master.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as official Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Shadowcat.name - Review of this book
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2002 American novels
2002 fantasy novels
Novels by Jeff Mariotte
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3989587
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vengeance%20%28novel%29
|
Vengeance (novel)
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Vengeance is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel. Tagline: "The original evil is after Angel's soul."
Plot summary
L.A. is divided between the haves and the have-nots. Those in luck seem to have tanned good looks, toned bodies, riches and more. Some have-nots are beginning to grow tired of it.
Lily Pierce is a motivational speaker who founded New Life Foundation, an organization sweeping across the country. Its mantra is: "Erase doubt. Erase fear. Become pure of purpose. Perfect in execution. Attain your dreams." Cordy's not impressed with Lily's message, but she doesn't suspect Lily is holding a secret of epic proportions.
Wolfram & Hart puzzlingly soon want Angel's help to stop the insanity, but is Lily's hope of a perfect world tempting to Angel?
Continuity
Supposed to be set in Angel season 3.
Canonical issues
Angel novels such as this one are not considered to be canon by most fans. Instead, they are novels from the authors' imaginations. However, unlike fanfic, the authors wrote 'overviews' summarizing their stories early in the writing process and had them 'approved' by both Fox and Whedon (or his office). The books were later published as official Angel merchandise.
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia, Wesley, Gunn, and Lorne.
External links
Bbc.co.uk - Interview with Dan Jolley and Scott Ciencin
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Shadowcat.name - Review of this book
2002 American novels
2002 fantasy novels
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
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3989594
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered%20Species%20%28novel%29
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Endangered Species (novel)
|
Endangered Species is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel. Tagline: "Can Angel rid the world of all vampires?"
Plot summary
Cordelia has become used to being shaken by visions of horror, thanks to the Powers That Be. However, she is especially disturbed to see a vision of Faith being hunted in prison by the supernatural. Chaz Escobar, a game hunter, soon arrives at Angel Investigations looking for his wife Marianna, a vampire. He had hoped to cure her vampirism on a distant small island, but she escaped. He thinks she might be the monster harassing Faith.
When Faith's out of jail it seems she may fall into Marianna's claws, but Angel's team and Chaz are off to the island to save her. Chaz's goal is to rid the world of all vampires, and Angel realises this may be a chance to right all his wrongs.
This novel features a flashback to shortly after Angel fled from Darla when she attempted to make him feed on an innocent baby to prove himself. Making contact with a sorcerer, Darla attempted to have him remove Angel's soul, but the man refused, sensing that Angel's soul didn't want to be separated from his body, and noting that he had the potential to become a good person despite his vampire status.
Continuity
Supposed to be set in Angel season 3.
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia, Faith, Wesley, and Fred. This is Fred's first major appearance in an Angel novel.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2003 American novels
Novels by Jeff Mariotte
2003 fantasy novels
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3989604
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohabitation%20agreement
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Cohabitation agreement
|
A cohabitation agreement is a form of legal agreement reached between a couple who have chosen to live together (whether they are heterosexual or homosexual). In some ways, such a couple may be treated like a married couple, such as when applying for a mortgage or working out child support. However, in some other areas, such as property rights, pensions and inheritance, they are treated differently.
A cohabitation agreement contains documentation for a couple who want to live together in order to protect themselves from unnecessary cost and litigation should their cohabitation break down. They can clearly regulate their property rights and what arrangements might be made for mutual financial support, dealing with debt, caring for children, etc.
The agreement also, much like a prenuptial agreement, allows the individuals concerned to determine in advance who will keep specific assets and what will happen to assets that have been purchased jointly if they separate. This agreement is intended to bind both parties.
Purpose
Cohabitation agreements can provide the members of a relationship the sense that their financial commitments to each other will be enforceable, and that assets acquired or improved during the relationship will be divided fairly. In the absence of an agreement it may be difficult to determine ownership of assets acquired during a relationship. For assets such as real estate or motor vehicles, ownership may be resolved based upon title ownership without regard to whether the partner not named on the title contributed to the purchase or maintenance.
Common law marriage
Common law marriage occurs when two people enter into a marriage without going through the formalities typically required, such as obtaining a marriage license or having a formal marriage ceremony. Not all jurisdictions recognize common law marriage, and there are no common law jurisdictions in which cohabitation of itself will result in a couple being regarded as legally married.
Prenuptial agreements
Prenuptial agreements are often used when one or both parties to a planned marriage want to protect their assets from claims by the other in the event that the marriage ends in divorce. The contract aims to achieve a measure of certainty about what the financial consequence would be if the marriage came to an end. Courts may retain discretion about whether or not a prenuptial agreement will be upheld.
See also
Civil union
Samenlevingscontract
References
Contract law
Legal documents
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3989606
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressions%20%28Angel%20novel%29
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Impressions (Angel novel)
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Impressions is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel. Tagline: "Evil always leaves an impact."
Plot summary
It seems a quiet day at Angel Investigations until a desperate man arrives, chased by a demon. The gang kills the monster, which decomposes as soon as it dies. The man seems to have fallen victim to a stolen identity scam; he's been approached by a false Angel and is now distrustful of the real thing, so does not want to give up the ancient stone he's found.
Angel's worried by the notion of an impersonator, but Cordy's just curious why he didn't impersonate more worthy celebrities. Meanwhile, Lorne reports some bad mojo from Caritas, and needs help. Something is getting under local demons' skins, and even bothering Angel, heightening the aggression of normally rather pacifistic demons.
As their research continues, Cordelia and Fred learn that the Angel-impersonator- a photography student called David who saw Angel in action during his early days in Los Angeles- is impersonating Angel for no reason other than the power trip he gets when defeating demons, and doesn't truly understand the reasons why Angel does what he does. The stone that David's client possesses is later revealed to be the burial stone of a race of demons whose nature causes them to disintegrate upon death caused them to start using the stones as a memorial, the stones 'recording' their feelings at the moment of death. The stone the client possesses contains the rage and hostility of an honoured warrior who recently died in battle; in their home dimension, the stone's 'emissions' would normally be controlled by various spells, but without those spells the emotions are spilling out and 'infecting' every demon in the area.
In the final confrontation, as Angel and his associates attempt to aid the stone's owners in acquiring the stone while holding off a mass of demons, Angel nearly surrenders to his rage, but David's act of sacrifice during the battle, giving his life to save Angel's, gets through Angel's rage and allows him to focus long enough to allow the stone to be destroyed, thus ending the wave of hostility.
Continuity
Supposed to be set in Angel season 3, shortly after "That Old Gang of Mine"; Gunn attempts to recruit a new gang to replace his old one, but their impetuous attitude often results in them using incorrect methods of attempting to kill certain demons.
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia, Wesley, Gunn, Fred, and Lorne.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2003 fantasy novels
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5381346
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishkill%20Creek
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Fishkill Creek
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Fishkill Creek (also Fish Kill, from the Dutch vis kille, for "fish creek") is a tributary of the Hudson River in Dutchess County, New York, United States. At it is the second longest stream in the county, after Wappinger Creek. It rises in the town of Union Vale and flows generally southwest to a small estuary on the Hudson just south of Beacon. Part of its watershed is in Putnam County to the south. Sprout Creek, the county's third-longest creek, is its most significant tributary. Whaley and Sylvan lakes and Beacon Reservoir, its largest, deepest and highest lakes, are among the bodies of water within the watershed.
While the creek is not impounded for use in any local water supply, it remains a focus of regional conservation efforts as a recreational and aesthetic resource, especially since the lower Fishkill watershed has been extensively developed in the last two decades. It flows through several local parks and is a popular trout stream. Industries and mills along it helped spur the settlement of the region.
Course
Clove and Sweezy brooks, themselves fed by tributaries named and unnamed draining the steep slopes on either side of the narrow upper Clove Valley in the town of Union Vale, drain the swamps of the valley into Pray Pond just north of the hamlet of Clove. Fishkill Creek is the pond's outflow.
It follows Clove Valley Road (County Route 9) closely at first, flowing almost due south alongside it, then swings westward into woods after receiving Christie Pond's outlet brook opposite Clove Cemetery. At a short loop in a swampy area where Bruzgul Road (County Route 21) crosses twice, it receives another tributary, doubles back to the north around a hill to receive another one and then returns to its southward course to widen into McKinney Pond. Once it crosses Bruzgul Road again, it is in Tymor Park, Union Vale's major community center.
At the park's south end it flows into Furnace Pond, named for an iron mine that was once nearby, and then into the town of Beekman. It returns to the side of County Route 9, now Clove Valley Road, and crosses under the NY 55 state highway just west of its intersection with Route 9. As that road climbs the side of a hill, Fishkill Creek crosses to its east side.
It continues past Beekman's main park to the hamlet of Beekman, then is impounded into a new, unnamed lake near Green Haven Correctional Facility. Shortly afterwards it crosses into the town of East Fishkill. At the town line, south of the hamlet of Stormville, it receives the Whaley Lake outlet brook. It flows westerly through more woods and swamps to where it receives the Sylvan Lake outlet brook just east of the Taconic State Parkway. After crossing underneath, it parallels the parkway south on its west side, then turns west again and makes a northward bend around another hill to once again parallel County Route 9, now Beekman Road, for a short distance, then follows the hill's base to the south. From here it meanders under the Metro-North Beacon Line south of Hopewell Junction where it receives Whortlekill Creek. It passes the Hopewell Recreation Center and then flows under NY 376.
It parallels another state road, NY 82, through a wooded, undeveloped area for several miles to where it receives its longest tributary, Sprout Creek, at the Fishkill town line. It widens into a series of large pools south of Brinckerhoff, at the foot of Honness Mountain where NY 52 crosses.
From here it flows more to the west-southwest, a wide stream paralleling Route 52 and the Beacon Line. It crosses under US 9 in a developed area just south of the village of Fishkill. It then turns to the southwest again and receives Clove Creek, a tributary that rises in Fahnestock State Park to the south and drains the Putnam County portion of the Fishkill watershed, just before it flows under Interstate 84.
Beyond the interstate it continues southwest alongside the base of the northern slopes of Fishkill Ridge, the northernmost end of the Hudson Highlands. It detours slightly to the north near Glenham and then resumes its southwesterly course as it flows into the city of Beacon, where it passes through the eastern section of the city in a narrow valley with the Beacon Line running along its shore. There are many rapids and waterfalls as it descends more sharply to the Hudson. Here it receives its last tributary, Dry Brook, which drains Beacon Reservoir on the ridgetop.
South of the Wolcott Avenue (NY 9D) bridge, the shores become wooded again as it flows over Tioronda Dam and under the remains of Tioronda Bridge. Below here the creek's estuary opens up, and after being split by a small island it flows under a causeway carrying Metro-North's Hudson Line and empties into the Hudson south of Denning Point.
Watershed
Fishkill Creek's watershed is the second largest in Dutchess County after Wappinger Creek to the north. It includes almost the entire towns of Beekman and Union Vale, large portions of East Fishkill and Fishkill, sections of LaGrange and Wappinger and small areas in Pleasant Valley and Washington. The Whaley Lake basin, which also includes Little Whaley and Nuclear lakes, is in Pawling. In Putnam County the largest town represented is Philipstown, whose northwestern section (the Clove Creek watershed) drains into the Fishkill. A small portion is in Kent, with an even smaller portion in Putnam Valley marking the watershed's southernmost point.
To the north is the Wappinger Creek watershed. The Ten Mile River basin, the only portion of New York that drains into the Housatonic River, is to the east. On the southeast are the headwaters of the Croton River, an important part of New York City's water supply, with smaller tributaries of the Hudson like Melzingah Brook and Surprise Brook rising on the southeast.
The creek's valley is mostly low-lying level land, with the exception of the area above its headwaters in Union Vale. Most of its descent takes place either in its uppermost 10 miles (16 km), above Poughquag, or its lowermost 5 miles (8 km), below the village of Fishkill, both stretches of which account for each of its total drop. The average elevation within the watershed is above sea level. To the south and east are hiller regions of the Taconic Mountains, part of the Highlands Province physiographic region of the Appalachian Mountains. The highest point in the Fishkill's watershed is South Beacon Mountain, also the highest peak of the Hudson Highlands, a few miles from the creek's estuary, which is almost at sea level. In Union Vale, near the creek's source, Clove Mountain rises to .
There are of tributaries within the watershed. The longest is Sprout Creek, which flows south from Millbrook to Hopewell Junction. Within the watershed, there are also around of ponds or lakes. The largest of these is Whaley Lake, at also the largest lake in the county. The next-largest lake in the watershed, Sylvan Lake, is the county's deepest.
Water bodies and wetlands cover about 9.8% of the total watershed area. Forests cover 50%, the largest land use category in it. Most are concentrated in the northern, eastern and southern extremes. Residential and agricultural uses account for 21% and 10% respectively. Residential use is heaviest along the lower Sprout Creek and the lower section of Fishkill Creek from Fishkill to Beacon. Agricultural use is most common on the fringes of the more developed areas near the streams.
There are many parks and protected areas within the watershed. The largest is Clarence Fahnestock State Park in Putnam County; however only a portion of that park is within the Fishkill Creek basin. The largest protected area entirely within the watershed is the Sharpe Reservation straddling the county line. The Fishkill Ridge Conservation Area, on that mountain, is the largest within the area open to the public. Publicly protected areas in the watershed include James Baird State Park off the Taconic Parkway and the Taconic-Hereford Multiple Use Area nearby. Union Vale's Tymor Park near the creek's source is the largest local park. The Innisfree Garden landscape in Pleasant Valley, near the north end of the watershed, is irrigated with water pumped from Tyrrell Lake. In addition, of the Appalachian Trail runs along the southern fringe of the watershed, much of it on other protected lands or corridor owned by the National Park Service.
Of the municipalities predominantly within the watershed, East Fishkill is the most populous, with more than 25,000 residents as of the 2000 census. The town and village of Fishkill are the next largest with almost 22,000. Beacon, the third-most populous community in the watershed at almost 14,000, has the highest population density in the watershed with 2,892 people per square mile.
Climate
Based on weather reports from the Institute of Ecosystem Studies (IES) near Millbrook and Dutchess County Airport in Wappinger, both just outside it to the north and west respectively, the watershed has the humid continental climate typical of much of the Northeast. Temperatures tend to vary considerably over the year, with periods of unusual extremes of heat or cold possible.
The average annual temperature recorded over a 30-year period at the airport is . Monthly means range from in January to in July. Average annual precipitation is , with minimum monthly means varying from in February to in May. An average of of snow falls in the watershed each year, with January's snowfall being the highest monthly mean. There are 6,267 annual heating degree days and 645 cooling degree days.
IES has measured precipitation acidity in the area since 1984. Rainfall in the area has an average pH of 4.27, with averages falling to 4.00 in July but rising to 4.54 in November. This means the rain in Dutchess County and the watershed is ten times more acidic than the natural 5.2 reading for precipitation.
River modifications
There are 13 dams along the creek. Five are located in Beacon, most built to serve past industry there (one is still used for hydroelectric power generation. The highest, near the city's downtown section, is tall.
Three are in Beekman and two are in Fishkill, the latter built by Texaco for a research facility it ran in the area from 1931 to 2003. The dams along the upper Fishkill impound the stream into old mill ponds, such as Furnace Pond in Tymor Park, just above the site of an old iron smelter, giving the pond its name. The dams prevent the upstream movement of fish at all stages of the creek.
The oldest extant bridge over the creek is Tioronda Bridge, just above its estuary in Beacon. It was an iron bowstring truss bridge built shortly after the Civil War that carried South Avenue across the Fishkill.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, but it had deteriorated so much that by the end of the 20th century it had been closed even to pedestrians. In 2006 the city dismantled it, preserving the bowstring trusses for possible reuse on a rebuilt bridge. The abutments remain in the stream, carrying some utility pipes only.
Wildlife
The creek and its watershed support a great diversity of species. As a fishery, it is stocked with brown trout, and has a significant brook trout population as well. The estuary supports a largemouth and smallmouth bass population.
Some plant and animal species found near the creek and in its watershed are on the state list of endangered or threatened species. The former include the bog turtle, wild hydrangea and live-forever. Threatened species in the creek and watershed include the bald eagle, Blanding's turtle, least bittern, pied-billed grebe, stiff-leaf goldenrod, swamp cottonwood and blazing star. Several salamander and turtle species are also species of concern. Eurasian watermilfoil, an invasive species, has been seen in some areas.
Geology
The creek flows through two distinct geological regions within the Highlands: the Mid-Hudson Valley and the Hudson Highlands. Both have different types of bedrock, impacting the nature of the stream and allowing for differences in aquifer development.
The Mid-Hudson Valley region underlying most of Fishkill Creek consists of sedimentary rocks such as shales, sandstones, siltstones and dolomitic limestones that formed during the Cambrian and Ordovician periods of the Paleozoic Era, roughly 450–540 million years ago. These rocks become modified into metamorphic equivalents as a result of the formation of the Appalachian Mountains, which left large thrust faults in the area, the further east one gets from the Hudson. Shales become schists, limestones become marbles, and sandstone become quartzites in the eastern regions of Dutchess County. These rocks create better aquifers than their sedimentary counterparts.
In the Hudson Highlands, the stream's bedrock is primarily metamorphic gneiss, with some granite and amphibolite. These are older rocks, formed in high temperatures and pressures more than a billion years ago in the Pre-Cambrian. These generally make poor aquifers, although individual houses can use one if they overlie a fault where groundwater collects.
History
The Iroquois tribes of the area called the stream Tioronda: "Little stream that flows into big water". Dutch settlers called it Vis Kill (Dutch for "fish creek") for the abundant fish in the stream. When control of the area passed to the English, it was Anglicized to Fishkill Creek (the addition of "Creek" creates a bilingual tautology, as kill is the Dutch word for creek, though this is not common knowledge to English speakers).
In the late 17th century, two New York City merchants, Francis Rombout and Gulian Verplanck, bought , most of it in the creek's watershed, from the local Indians. Verplanck died before the transaction could be finished, and with his share divided among his heirs the land became known as the Rombout Patent. In 1709 his daughter Catheryna and her husband Roger Brett became the first European settlers in the Fishkill valley. She administered the subdivision and sale of the patent lands from her house, which still stands near downtown Beacon, the oldest continuously occupied house in Dutchess County. They also built the first mill on the creek in 1717.
The upper Fishkill was settled around the same time. Henry Beekman, after boundary disputes with the Rombout patentees were resolved in their favor, obtained a crown grant of his own in 1703 for the lands now in the towns of Beekman and Union Vale. In 1710 the first settlers put down roots. One of them, six years later, was Zacharias Flagler, ancestor of Henry Morrison Flagler.
During the Revolutionary War, the Fishkill south of the village of Fishkill was a key location for the Continental Army. Troops were on continuous alert should the British Army try to push up through the Highlands to the south and retake the Hudson Valley, a move that could have cut the colonies in half. At the junction of two major overland routes, it was also the site of a key supply depot, and a large encampment of soldiers was located on on the south of the creek, about where the interchange of Interstate 84 and US 9 is located now. George Washington passed through the area frequently. In 2009 the graves of as many as 700 soldiers were discovered at the site.
As industrialization began in the 19th century, factories joined the mills in tapping the Fishkill for waterpower. They also discharged their wastes into the stream. In 1853 businessmen in Matteawan, now part of Beacon, dammed Whaley Lake to control water levels downstream, expanding the lake to its present size.
In the early 20th century the watershed was among the many considered by a state commission for an expansion of the New York City water supply system, which was being strained by the city's rapid growth. The commission postulated that a reservoir near Stormville could be built for a cost of $17.4 million ($ in contemporary dollars) and provide storage capacity of . The Fishkill had the advantage of being immediately to the north of the Croton River watershed in Putnam and Westchester counties already tapped by the city, so it would not be necessary to build a long aqueduct to bring water to the city from the new reservoir.
"[I]ts waters can be secured more quickly than those of any other supply of equal amount" in the state, the commission wrote in its 1904 report. The city ultimately decided not to use the Fishkill and instead acquired the land to build Ashokan Reservoir on Esopus Creek in Ulster County, across the Hudson.
In the later 20th century, after the industrial use of the lower watershed had declined somewhat, the area saw explosive population growth. Former farmlands were redeveloped as residential subdivisions, and southeastern Dutchess County became an exurban area of New York City. This increased runoff and other discharges into the stream.
Conservation
The main stem of the Fishkill is not used as a water supply, although some of its tributaries are, such as Beacon's Dry Brook, impounded by the city for Beacon Reservoir. Nor is it navigable due to its many dams. It has nevertheless been a focus of local conservation efforts both as a local scenic and recreational resource and as an indicator of the health of the aquifers around it.
In 1975, just as development of the lower watershed was beginning to accelerate, the United States Geological Survey closed the Hopewell Junction stream gauge. The Beacon stream gauge had already been shut down in 1967. There has thus been no consistent data on streamflow, a frequent measure of development's impact on a stream, since then. At the time of their respective closures, the Beacon station showed a slow decline in discharge, while the Hopewell Junction station showed an increase. A 1992 study predicted that if current demographic and hydrologic trends continue both the Fishkill and Sprout could expect to have an annual weeklong dry period by 2035.
Recent biological and chemical testing indicates water quality has been improving in the upper watershed (above the village of Fishkill) but remains low below it, particularly in the creek within the city of Beacon, with an improvement just above the estuary. There are 25 State Pollution Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) permits issued by the state Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) within the watershed, four of which are on the Fishkill itself. A further 64 permits have been issued for groundwater discharge.
The largest facilities to have SPDES permits on the Fishkill itself are the former Texaco facility at Glenham, between Beacon and the village of Fishkill, and Green Haven. Chevron, which took over the former from Texaco, closed it in 2003. The Environmental Protection Agency has been monitoring cleanup efforts of the volatile organic compounds at the site and considers them to be progressing according to schedule.
An ongoing concern is the IBM facility in East Fishkill, which dumps its wastewater into Gildersleeves Brook, a tributary of Wiccopee Creek. In 2002, the company introduced a new method of chip manufacture on 300 mm silicon wafers. Within four years the plant had become the state's top water polluter by pounds of pollutants in the the plant releases into the creek every day, as production expanded due to demand for the chips, which power the PlayStation 3 video game console, primarily copper, lead and nitrates. In 2004 the company settled a suit brought by local residents who argued that a contractor's dumping of perchloroethylene had led to an increase in cancer and other diseases. Researchers have so far been unable to determine if some phenomena reported downstream, such as increased lead levels in crustaceans, are the result of the IBM discharges.
In 2005 the Fishkill Creek Watershed Committee, in partnership with the Dutchess County Environmental Management Council, inventoried the natural resources of the stream and watershed to produce a management plan. It focused on protecting groundwater, which many residents surveyed had expressed the greatest level of concern about. Recommendations made were to expand and maintain riparian buffer along the stream while protecting it against encroaching land use, and to find a way to balance groundwater withdrawals and discharges. It also called for research into alternatives to the use of impervious surfaces, such as asphalt, which increased runoff at the expense of groundwater.
Lists
Bridges
Communities
City of Beacon
Town of Fishkill
Glenham
Village of Fishkill
Brinckerhoff
Town of East Fishkill
Hopewell Junction
Stormville
Town of Beekman
Poughquag
Town of Union Vale
Dams
Tioronda Dam
Wolcott Avenue Dam
New York Rubber Company Dam
Braendly Fishkill Dam
Glenham Dam
Texaco Dam
Sydeman Dam
Greenburg Henderson Dam
McKinney Dam
Furnace Pond Dam
Pray Pond Dam
There are also two unnamed dams in the town of Beekman.
Tributaries
Left
Dry Brook
Clove Creek
Wiccopee Creek
Whaley Stream
Right
Sprout Creek
Whortlekill Creek
See also
List of rivers of New York
References
External links
Fishkill Creek Watershed Committee
Rivers of New York (state)
Tributaries of the Hudson River
Rivers of Dutchess County, New York
Rivers of Putnam County, New York
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5381363
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%20Carlqvist
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Per Carlqvist
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Per Carlqvist (born 25 July 1938 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish plasma physicist with an interest in astrophysical applications. In 1963, he received the degree of civilingenjör from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, in 1970 the Tekn. lic., and in 1980 the Tekn. D.
He is currently affiliated with the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, at the School of Electrical Engineering in the department of Space & Plasma Physics.
He is the author of several papers on astrophysical plasmas, from the formation of stars, double layers, the Bennett Pinch, to interstellar helical filaments.
The Carlqvist Relation
Carlqvist lends his name to the "Carlqvist Relation", a formula used in plasma physics to describe how an electrically conducting plasma filament is compressed by magnetic forces to form a "plasma pinch". Carlqvist noted that by using his relation, and a derivative, it is possible to describe the Bennett pinch, the Jeans criterion (for gravitational instability, in one and two dimensions), force-free magnetic fields, gravitationally balanced magnetic pressures, and continuous transitions between these states.
Notes
External links
Articles on NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) by Per Carlqvist
All articles | With Abstracts | With Full text
1938 births
Swedish physicists
KTH Royal Institute of Technology faculty
Living people
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5381367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn%20Antoski
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Shawn Antoski
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Shawn Antoski (born March 25, 1970) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League in the 1990s.
Shawn Antoski has two sons.
Playing career
Antoski played minor hockey for the Don Mills Flyers Midgets of the MTHL in 1986-87 and was drafted in the fourth round (59th overall) of the 1987 OHL priority selection.
Antoski played his junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League with the North Bay Centennials, and was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the first round (18th overall) of the 1990 NHL Entry Draft, just ahead of future superstars Keith Tkachuk and Martin Brodeur.
Although his role was primarily that of an enforcer, Antoski was noted for his skating ability, which was exceptional for a player of his size. While his offensive ability was very limited, his speed and size made him a fearsome forechecker and a heavy bodychecker. He was also an able fighter.
Antoski turned professional in 1990 and was assigned to the Milwaukee Admirals, Vancouver's IHL farm team. He spent most of the next three season toiling in minor pro, although he received a brief callup each year, playing in a total of eight NHL games. He finally established himself as an NHL regular in the 1993–94, appearing in 55 games for the Canucks and recording three points and 190 penalty minutes. The highlight of his career came in that year's playoffs, as Vancouver reached the Stanley Cup finals. Playing on a gritty fourth line with Tim Hunter and John McIntyre, Antoski was a physical catalyst for the team and played probably the best hockey of his career.
Early in the 1994–95 season, Antoski was dealt to the Philadelphia Flyers for Josef Beranek, and again participated in a lengthy playoff run as Philadelphia reached the conference finals. In 1995–96, he set career highs by appearing in 64 games and recording 204 PIM, and scored his first career playoff goal.
Antoski signed as a free agent with the Pittsburgh Penguins for the 1996–97 season, but only appeared in 13 games for the Penguins before being dealt to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, and only appeared in two games for the Mighty Ducks before his season was ended due to injury. He returned to the Ducks the following season, but on November 24, 1997, he was involved in a serious car accident which left him with a compressed skull fracture. While he recovered fully, it marked the end of his hockey career.
Antoski appeared in 183 NHL games, recording three goals and eight points, along with 599 PIM. He also suited up for 36 playoff games, recording four points and 74 PIM.
His younger brother Shayne, at 6' 4 200 lbs, was a teammate in North Bay, and also went on to a brief pro career, playing two seasons in the ECHL.
Shawn resides in the rural community of Madoc, Ontario, and is the president of the Belleville Minor Hockey Association.
Career statistics
Fights
One of Antoski's most famous fights was on January 5, 1992, when he took on Steve Martinson during a Milwaukee Admirals-San Diego Gulls game. Martinson and Antoski went to the penalty box, then started yelling at each other until Martinson launched his water bottle at Antoski. Antoski climbed over the glass into Martinson's penalty box and proceeded to pummel him until referees could break up the fight.
Transactions
On June 16, 1990, the Vancouver Canucks selected Shawn Antoski in the first round (No. 18 overall) of the 1990 NHL draft.
On February 15, 1995, the Vancouver Canucks traded Shawn Antoski to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Josef Beranek.
On July 31, 1996, the Pittsburgh Penguins signed free agent Shawn Antoski.
On November 19, 1996, the Pittsburgh Penguins traded Shawn Antoski and Dmitri Mironov to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in exchange for Alex Hicks and Fredrik Olausson.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Hamilton Canucks players
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
Milwaukee Admirals (IHL) players
National Hockey League first round draft picks
North Bay Centennials players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Vancouver Canucks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Sportspeople from Brantford
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5381375
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton%20Trail
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Carlton Trail
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The Carlton Trail was the primary land transportation route in the Canadian Northwest for most of the 19th century, connecting Fort Carlton to Edmonton along a line of intermediate places. It was part of a trail network that stretched from the Red River Colony through Fort Ellice and today's Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan. From there the trail ran north and crossed the South Saskatchewan River near Batoche, Saskatchewan and reached Fort Carlton on the North Saskatchewan River. From there, it ran west along the northside of the river to Fort Edmonton at what is now Edmonton, Alberta. The distance in total the trail traveled between Fort Garry (Winnipeg) to Upper Fort des Prairies (Edmonton) was approximately . Many smaller trails jutted off from the main trail, such as the Fort à la Corne Trail in the Saskatchewan Valley.
Connecting the west, the trail was of great importance during the 19th century as a highway for the inhabitants. Different sections of the trail were known by many different names in different eras, including The Company, Saskatchewan, Fort Ellice Trail, Winnipeg Trail, Edmonton Trail, and Victoria Trail. It is said that if one were to travel the Carlton Trail by Red River Ox Cart it would take about two months.
The main mode of transport along the trail was by horse-drawn Red River Cart. It was an integral route for Métis freighters, and Hudson's Bay Company employees as well as the earliest white settlers. With the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the late 1880s across the southern Prairies, and the numerous branch lines that followed, such as the Calgary and Edmonton Railway, the trail decreased in importance. By the early 1900s many portions of its length had been fenced off where it bisected plots of agricultural land, but sections of the trail, such as Victoria Trail in Edmonton and a length near Victoria Settlement, remain in use to this day.
The use of the trail was designated an Event of National Historic Significance in 1972.
See also
Transportation in Saskatchewan
Red River cart
Red River Trails
References
External links
Carlton Trail
MHS Transactions: The Red River Cart and Trails: The Fur Trade
Fort Garry-Fort Edmonton Trail Commemorated as National Historic Site
A Line Through the Wilderness
Canadian folklore
Historic trails and roads in Alberta
Historic trails and roads in Saskatchewan
Historic trails and roads in Manitoba
Events of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Fort Qu'Appelle
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5381394
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shasta%20travel%20trailers
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Shasta travel trailers
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Shasta travel trailers were recreational vehicles originally built between 1941 and 2004. Founded by industry pioneer Robert Gray, the firm was originally situated in a small factory in Los Angeles, California to provide housing for members of the US Armed Forces. With the growth in sales over the following 30 years, the "home" factory in L.A. moved to three steadily larger facilities in Southern California, in addition to six other factories established across the country to better serve the regional markets. At the time of its purchase by the W.R. Grace Company in 1972, Shasta was the largest seller of recreational vehicles in the United States (also including motorhomes in its inventory). Coachmen Industries, Inc. bought the firm from Grace in 1976.
The high quality and low price of Shastas made them a favorite with campers all over the United States.
The "wings" on the rear sides were a visible identifier in the 1960s and beyond. The name was sold to Coachmen Industries. Coachmen marketed Shasta branded travel trailers until 2004. Only vintage trailers were available until 2008 when the brand was reintroduced complete with its identifying wings. The new trailers have updated art deco interiors and are all electric. Their features include stainless steel microwaves, stainless steel sinks and mini blinds, hot plate cooktops, wet baths and entertainment features - including a 19" LCD television.
In 2010, Shasta RV re-emerged as a division of Forest River Inc. In March 2012, Mark Lucas became the president and general manager of Shasta RV. The company has grown to include a sales office, multiple production facilities and a finished goods staging area.
In 2015, Lucas introduced the 1961 Airflyte re-issue with production limited to 1,941 units, honoring the company's first year in business. Re-issues were available in 16-foot and 19-foot floorplans and in three two-tone colors: Matador Red, Seafoam Green and Butternut Yellow, all with Polo White. These models included the signature "Z" stripe and the iconic wings. However, Shasta ended up recalling 1,736 of the re-issued Trailers for window and tire issues.
Shasta RV currently builds the Oasis, Revere and Flyte lines of travel trailers and the Phoenix line of fifth wheel travel trailers.
References
External links
VintageShasta.net
Official Website
Caravan and travel trailer manufacturers
Companies based in Elkhart County, Indiana
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5381399
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Arthur
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Fred Arthur
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Frederick Edward Arthur (born March 9, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman and doctor who played three seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Hartford Whalers and Philadelphia Flyers. He won 2 Memorial Cups with the Cornwall Royals in 1980 and 81. He was drafted in the first round, 8th overall, by the Hartford Whalers in 1980. In 1982 he retired from hockey to pursue his dreams and attend medical school. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, but grew up in Haileybury, Ontario.
Playing career
Arthur begun his career by playing with the Cornwall Royals of the QMJHL. He played 4 years there, amassing 192 points in 243 games, for an average of 0.79 points per game.
He was drafted 8th overall in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft by the Hartford Whalers. For that draft, both The Hockey News and the NHL Central Scouting Bureau ranked him as the 5th best prospect available.
He missed the beginning of his first training camp with the Whalers because he had sprained his ankle. He suffered that injury while crossing a road, when he stepped in a pothole. He would play a total of 3 games for the Whalers in 1980-81, getting no points or penalty minutes.
On July 3, 1981, he was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers for Rick MacLeish, Blake Wesley, Don Gillen and several draft picks. Along with Arthur, Ray Allison and several draft picks were sent to the Flyers.
He then played 74 games in the 1981-82 season for the Flyers, getting 8 points and 47 penalty minutes. He had found a place with the team as a defensive defenseman, often playing with Jimmy Watson. The following season, he played in 3 games for the Flyers before retiring on October 25 to pursue a medical career.
Arthur scored his first NHL goal on December 30, 1981 against the Edmonton Oilers in a game most memorable for Wayne Gretzky breaking Maurice Richard's mark of 50 goals in 50 games, with the Great One scoring 5 goals to hit the 50 goal mark in 39 games. Arthur's first NHL goal, the Flyers' fifth of the night, came at the 11:48 mark of the third period on the heels of a goal from teammate Paul Holmgren, putting the Flyers right back in the game at 6 to 5. Arthur's goal closed the score to one, arguably making Gretzky's record-breaking 50th goal possible as it was scored into an empty net, and the Flyers would likely not have their goaltender pulled had the Flyers been trailing by more than one.
In his career, he fought two times, against Garry Howatt and Ron Duguay.
Retirement
In October 1982, the Philadelphia Flyers sent Arthur to the Maine Mariners, their American Hockey League affiliate, while recovering from an injury. Faced with the choice between a professional hockey player or the opportunity to pursue his education in medicine, Arthur chose the latter and retired from professional hockey. He became the only NHL draft pick to choose a medical career over one in hockey. He said that he thought his medical career might be risked by playing hockey. He also said that he did not really enjoy the hockey lifestyle either.
Personal
His father was an attorney while his mother was a nurse.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
Dan Diamond (ed.). Total Hockey. (2000).
External links
1961 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Cornwall Royals (QMJHL) players
Hartford Whalers draft picks
Hartford Whalers players
Sportspeople from Temiskaming Shores
Sportspeople from Toronto
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Philadelphia Flyers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
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5381401
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian%20Radio%20Television
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Macedonian Radio Television
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Macedonian Radio Television (, transliteration: Makedonska radio-televizija) (or MRT), officially National Radio-Television (, transliteration: Nacionalna Radiotelevizija) since 2019, is the public broadcasting organisation of North Macedonia. It was founded in 1993 by the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia.
Its legally defined service is the production and broadcasting of radio and television programmes of all genres, which should satisfy the public information, cultural, educational and recreational needs of the people of North Macedonia.
MRT is directed by Petar Karanakov. Karanakov supervises 1,200 MRT staffers.
History
Radio in Vardar Macedonia began in 1941, when Skopje was administrative capital of Vardar Banovina in Kingdom of Yugoslavia. On 27 January 1941 Radio Skoplje (Радио Скопље) started broadcasting in Serbian and retransmitting some programs from Radio Belgrade. On 20 April 1941 Radio Skopje was relaunched under Bulgarian control as Radio Skopie (Радио Скопие), retransmitting some programs from Radio Sofia.
Broadcasting in Macedonian began on 28 December 1944 as Radio Skopje (Радио Скопје) with the live transmission of the Second Session of ASNOM. Since 1991 Macedonian Radio and Television is an independent radio and television broadcaster. In July 1993, MRT was admitted as a full active member of the European Broadcasting Union. MRT uses the acronym: MKRTV. With the enactment of the new broadcasting law on 24 April 1997, Macedonian Radio and Television was split into two parts: Macedonian radio-diffusion and Macedonian Radio-Television. According to article 77 of the broadcasting law, 61% of the collected broadcasting tax belongs to Macedonian Radio Television.
According to a government decision from March 2019, following the Prespa Agreement about renaming the country from "Macedonia" to "North Macedonia", MRT was officially renamed from "Macedonian Radio Television" to "National Radio Television" (Национална радиотелевизија). it still broadcasts under its old name, the new name only being used by the government.
Services
Television
Macedonian Television broadcasts 73 hours of programmes daily on its three national terrestrial and two international satellite channels.
Terrestrial
MRT 1 broadcasts a continuous 24-hour programme. MRT 1 HD simulcasts the programme of MRT 1 in HD quality.
MRT 2 broadcasts programmes for the Albanian community in North Macedonia. MRT 2 HD simulcasts the programme of MRT 2 in HD quality.
MRT 3 broadcasts sports and entertainment 24-hour programme. MRT 3 HD simulcasts the programme of MRT 3 in HD quality.
MRT 4 broadcasts programmes for the national minority in North Macedonia. Turkish, Serbian, Romany, Vlach and Bosnian. MRT 4 HD simulcasts the programme of MRT 4 in HD quality.
MRT 5 broadcasts specialized program for children 24-hour programme. MRT 5 HD simulcasts the programme of MRT 5 in HD quality.
MRT Sobraniski Kanal was formed in 1991 as an experimental channel, but now it broadcasts the activities from the Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia. MRT Sobraniski Kanal HD simulcasts the programme of MRT Sobraniski Kanal in HD quality.
Satellite
MRT Sat started in 2000 and broadcasts a continuous 24-hour programme, which are a selection of programmes from MRT, as well as its original programme of 5 hours. The station also broadcasts to Australia & New Zealand through the Optus D2 Satellite via UBI World TV.
MRT 2 Sat was introduced in 2012 and broadcasts a continuous 24-hour programme in Albanian.
Radio
The framework of the Macedonian Radio consists of three national channels, a satellite channel and a non-profit regional channel. It broadcasts 86.5 hours of programmes daily on its national and satellite channels. Macedonian Radio also broadcasts its programme over the Internet.
The First channel, Radio Skopje, broadcasts a continuous 24-hour programme. It mainly functions as a talk radio.
The Second channel, Radio 2, broadcasts a continuous 24-hour programme, too. It is focused on popular music and entertainment.
The Third channel of Radio Skopje, broadcasts programmes in all the languages of the national minorities in North Macedonia, including Albanian (since 1948); Turkish (since 1945) 5 hours; Vlach (since 1991); Romany (since 1991); Serbian (since 2003) and Bosnian (since 2003) all 30 minutes each per day.
The satellite channel, Radio Macedonia, commenced in July 2003, and broadcasts a 24-hour continual programme, which is a selection of programmes from Macedonian Radio and its original programme "Radio Macedonia" with a duration of 6 hours and 30 minutes.
Kanal 103 provides FM broadcasting only for the region of Skopje with the mission of promoting avant-garde music and culture.
Management
The process of transformation of MRTV in a public service broadcaster is not yet completed; it entailed the 1997 Law on Broadcasting Activities and the 2005 Broadcast Law. Editorial independence of MRTV is guaranteed by law but de facto lacking due to lack of independent funding and lack of independence of MRTV managerial bodies. MRTV executive directors in the last ten years remained close to the party in power. The network is funded by a license fee as well as by public budget contributions and advertising revenues (limited to 10% of airtime). Budgetary needs, and the practice of ad hoc state budgetary funding, has created a "culture of dependence" in MRTV.
MRTV is supervised by the MRTV Council, whose members are appointed by the Parliament upon proposal by "authorised nominators" from civil society. The Council then elects the members of MRTV Management Board. Although formally only accountable to the legislature through its annual report and budget plan, MRTV remains informally accountable to the executive, undermining institutional autonomy. MRTV also risks neglecting cultural pluralism obligations, in terms of programmes for minorities, as well as lacking impartiality and distance from government/majority politicians.
Notable people
Notable people who were employed in the Macedonian Radio Television include clarinetist and composer Tale Ognenovski who was a member of the “Chalgii orchestra”, “Folk music orchestra” and “Authentic folk instruments orchestra” from 1960 until 1979.
See also
MRT Center
References
External links
Official website
Radio Skopje
Radio Bitola
Mass media companies of North Macedonia
Publicly funded broadcasters
European Broadcasting Union members
Multilingual broadcasters
Radio stations in North Macedonia
Radio stations established in 1944
Mass media companies established in 1944
Television channels and stations established in 1964
1944 establishments in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia
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5381408
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20mathematics
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Engineering mathematics
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Engineering mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics concerning mathematical methods and techniques that are typically used in engineering and industry. Along with fields like engineering physics and engineering geology, both of which may belong in the wider category engineering science, engineering mathematics is an interdisciplinary subject motivated by engineers' needs both for practical, theoretical and other considerations outwith their specialization, and to deal with constraints to be effective in their work.
Description
Historically, engineering mathematics consisted mostly of applied analysis, most notably: differential equations; real and complex analysis (including vector and tensor analysis); approximation theory (broadly construed, to include asymptotic, variational, and perturbative methods, representations, numerical analysis); Fourier analysis; potential theory; as well as linear algebra and applied probability, outside of analysis. These areas of mathematics were intimately tied to the development of Newtonian physics, and the mathematical physics of that period. This history also left a legacy: until the early 20th century subjects such as classical mechanics were often taught in applied mathematics departments at American universities, and fluid mechanics may still be taught in (applied) mathematics as well as engineering departments.
The success of modern numerical computer methods and software has led to the emergence of computational mathematics, computational science, and computational engineering (the last two are sometimes lumped together and abbreviated as CS&E), which occasionally use high-performance computing for the simulation of phenomena and the solution of problems in the sciences and engineering. These are often considered interdisciplinary fields, but are also of interest to engineering mathematics.
Specialized branches include engineering optimization and engineering statistics.
Engineering mathematics in tertiary education typically consists of mathematical methods and models courses.
See also
Industrial mathematics
Control theory, a mathematical discipline concerned with engineering
Further mathematics and additional mathematics, A-level mathematics courses with similar content
Mathematical methods in electronics, signal processing and radio engineering
References
Applied mathematics
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5381411
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%20single
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Lead single
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A lead single is the first single to be released from a studio album, by a musician or a band, usually before the album itself is released.
Release strategies
Artists often choose songs that are more up-tempo as lead singles. Such songs are often catchier and attract the attention of listeners. The subsequent single might then be slower in tempo, in order to demonstrate the range of the album. Female vocalists like Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera often maintain a formula of an up-tempo first lead single with a slow ballad follow-up. For example, two singles were released by Miley Cyrus before her album Bangerz - an up-tempo track called, "We Can't Stop" was released as the first single, and a slow-ballad song, "Wrecking Ball" as the second. This was a successful practice of 1980s heavy metal bands. Girls Aloud chose to use "The Show", a dance-pop and electropop song, as their lead single for their second album, What Will the Neighbours Say?, following the fact that their previous singles from their debut album Sound of the Underground were ‘quite down and moody’ according to band member Cheryl Cole. However, not all artists decide to choose their lead single with the up-tempo criteria. Artists may release a lead single that has a message they want to convey to listeners instead of a song with more commercial potential, such as Fall Out Boy who chose to release "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race" over the radio-friendly "Thnks fr th Mmrs".
Japanese artists such as Ayumi Hamasaki, Namie Amuro and B'z may release four to eight singles before their albums to achieve record-breaking debut-week sales. The lead singles in Japan are very heavily advertised and promoted, in some cases even more than the album itself. With album sales continuously declining in the United States, record labels often release singles before the album's release date to online music retailers including iTunes, ranging in price from $0.99 to $1.29. This trend has become increasingly popular in many markets.
In the late 2010s, artists began a trend of releasing multiple singles before eventually releasing a studio album. An unnamed A&R representative confirmed to Rolling Stone in 2018 that "an artist has
to build a foundation to sustain" and adding that "When artists have one big record and go run with that, it doesn’t work because they never had a foundation to begin with." The same article cited examples such as Cardi B, Camila Cabello and Jason Derulo releasing four or more singles before their album releases.
Albums with more than one pre-release single
In the 2000s, a common trend developed to release a lead single months in advance of the album release date. It has equally become common for further singles to be released before the release of the album. For example, Usher issued the lead single "Love in this Club" four months before the May 29, 2008 release of Here I Stand. The second single "Love in This Club, Pt. II" was released one month before the album release date. Another example is Justin Timberlake's 2013 album, The 20/20 Experience, which was released on March 19, 2013. The first single off it is "Suit & Tie", released 2 months before the album hit stores. One month before the release of the album, another single called "Mirrors" was released. Katy Perry released "California Gurls" as a single on May 7, 2010, and "Teenage Dream" on July 23, 2010, leading to the release of the album Teenage Dream on August 24, 2010. Ed Sheeran did something similar, releasing both "Shape of You" and "Castle on the Hill" as double lead singles from his album ÷, although these songs were both released on the same day, 6 January 2017.
References
Single types
Music industry
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5381412
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngkoth%20language
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Ngkoth language
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Ngkoth (Nggɔt, Nggoth, Ŋkot) is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Winduwinda. It is unknown when it became extinct.
Phonology
Vowels
Ngkoth has seven vowels:
Consonants
Ngkoth has 17 consonants found in native words, and three consonants found only in loanwords:
is a trilled affricate.
are only found in loanwords.
References
Northern Paman languages
Extinct languages of Queensland
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5381413
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarborough%2C%20Western%20Cape
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Scarborough, Western Cape
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Scarborough is a seaside town situated within the City of Cape Town on the Cape Peninsula in the Western Cape province of South Africa, situated at the edge of the Cape Point Nature Reserve. The town's boundary includes Scarborough Beach, which is popular with surfers.
This town was designated as a conservation village in April 1996, defined as "a residential area of limited extent, surrounded by a conserved natural landscape, committed to reverse past environmental damage and to avoid future environmental impacts".
References
External links
Scarborough Conservation Group
Cape Point Route Scarborough
Suburbs of Cape Town
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5381414
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20River%20%28New%20Hampshire%29
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Indian River (New Hampshire)
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The Indian River is a river in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Mascoma River, which in turn flows to the Connecticut River and ultimately Long Island Sound.
The Indian River rises in the southern corner of the town of Dorchester and flows south in a broad valley to the west of Mount Cardigan. At the town center of Canaan, the river turns west and shortly ends at the Mascoma River.
For its south-flowing portion, the Indian River is followed by New Hampshire Route 118. From Canaan to the Mascoma River, U.S. Route 4 is close by.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Grafton County, New Hampshire
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5381415
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Plotkin
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Brian Plotkin
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Brian Plotkin (born August 3, 1984 in Lisle, Illinois) is the head Coach of the Army Black Knights men's soccer team and is a retired professional soccer player.
Career
College and Amateur
Brian Plotkin played college soccer for Indiana University from 2002 to 2005, featuring in 90 games and accumulating 24 goals and 36 assists. He was a member of National Championship winning teams in 2003 and 2004. He was the runner-up for the 2005 Hermann Trophy Award and was also named NSCAA First Team All-American and Big 10 Player of the Year. He also went on to gain First Team All Big Ten honors three consecutive years from 2003 to 2005, and an Academic All Big-Ten award in 2003. Plotkin played club soccer for the Chicago Sockers from the U12 to U19 levels and was a member of their U16 National Championship team in 2001. He was also named a Parade All-American and played at various times for US Youth National Teams at the U14, U16, U17 and U20 levels.
Professional
Plotkin was selected in the second round 20th overall by the Chicago Fire in the 2006 MLS SuperDraft. During his time with the Chicago Fire, Plotkin won the 2006 US Open Cup and 2006 Chicago Fire educator of the Year. He featured in 23 first team and 14 reserve team games in his three seasons with the Fire. Columbus Crew then signed him in 2008 and was a member of the 2008 MLS Cup Championship Team.
In January 2009, Plotkin joined the Carolina RailHawks of the USL First Division.
In May 2010, Plotkin retired from professional soccer after a series of injuries.
Coaching
Plotkin began his college coaching career with Loyola University Chicago in 2013. The team's record improved in each of the three seasons that he was on staff. In his final season as Loyola in 2015, he helped Loyola lo two NCAA top rankings. The team conceded the fewest goals (8) in the entire country and also had the lowest Goals Against Average (.39). During his time at Loyola he helped develop multiple All-Missouri Valley selections as well was Freshman of the Year, Kyle Thomson (2013), Goalkeeper of the Year, Tim Dobrowolski (2014 and 2015) and Player of the Year, Eric Schoendorf (2015).
In January 2016, he was hired by Dartmouth College and in his first season at Dartmouth helped lead the team to a 9-5-5 record them to their 3rd consecutive Ivy League Tournament and NCAA Tournament berth. Dartmouth was selected with the All-Ivy Goalkeeper, James Hickok and Defensive Player of the Year, Wyatt Omsberg in addition to a total of 7 All-Ivy selections in 2016. Omsberg was also names as an NSCAA Second Team All-American. In 2017, Dartmouth won its 4th consecutive Ivy League Title and was awarded the #15 seed in the NCAA Tournament. Chad Riley was awarded Ivy League Coach of the Year, Wyatt Omsberg the Ivy League Defensive Player of the Year and Dawson McCartney the Ivy League Freshmen of the Year. Wyatt Omsberg was the first Ivy League player ever selected in the first round of the MLS SuperDraft and Matt Danilack with a fourth round selection of the Philadelphia Union.
In January 2018 Plotkin was hired as an assistant coach alongside Chad Riley at Notre Dame.
Honors
Columbus Crew
2008 MLS Cup Champion
Chicago Fire
2006 US Open Cup Champion -
2006 Chicago Fire Educator of the Year
Indiana University
NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship (2): 2003 2004
2005 Herrman Trophy Runner-Up -
2005 NSCAA 1st Team All-American -
2005 Big 10 Player of the Year
Naperville North High School
References
External links
Carolina RailHawks bio
MLS player profile
http://www.und.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/brian_plotkin_1066560.html
http://www.dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=210719390
http://www.loyolaramblers.com/coaches.aspx?rc=98&path=msoc
1984 births
Living people
American soccer players
Association football midfielders
Chicago Fire FC draft picks
Chicago Fire FC players
Chicago Fire U-23 players
Columbus Crew players
Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer players
Indiana Invaders players
Major League Soccer players
North Carolina FC players
Soccer players from Illinois
Sportspeople from DuPage County, Illinois
USL First Division players
USL League Two players
All-American men's college soccer players
Army Black Knights men's soccer coaches
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5381424
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedung%20Sate
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Gedung Sate
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Gedung Sate is a public building in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. It was designed according to a neoclassical design incorporating native Indonesian elements (such as Hindu-Buddhist elements) by Dutch architect J. Gerber to be the seat of the Dutch East Indies department of State Owned Enterprises (Departement van Gouvernmentsbedrijven, literally "Department of Government Industries"); the building was completed in 1920. Today, the building serves as the seat of the governor of the province of West Java, and also a museum.
Its common name, Gedung sate, is a nickname that translates literally from Indonesian to 'satay building', which is a reference to the shape of the building's central pinnacle - which resemble the shape of one of the Indonesian traditional dish called satay. The central pinnacle consists of six spheres that represents the six million gulden funded to the construction of the building.
See also
Indonesian architecture
List of colonial buildings in Bandung
New Indies Style
References
Buildings and structures in Bandung
Dutch Colonial architecture in Indonesia
Cultural Properties of Indonesia in West Java
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5381430
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Amazing%20Bone
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The Amazing Bone
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The Amazing Bone is a 32-page picture book by William Steig from 1976. It was the first of Steig's few books in which the main character is a female.
The book received the Caldecott Honor Award (1977) and was nominated for the Boston Globe-Horn Book Award for Picture Book (1977).
Plot
The Amazing Bone is about how Pearl the pig is walking home from school, and finds a magic talking bone on the ground, which has the ability to imitate any sound and speak in any language (it samples Spanish, Polish and German for her). Pearl takes it with her, and on the way home they have several misadventures, including an encounter with a hungry fox who wants to eat Pearl for dinner.
The book was featured in an episode of the PBS television show Storytime in which it was read to a live audience.
Reception
The Amazing Bone received the following accolades:
Caldecott Honor Award (1977)
Boston Globe-Horn Book Award Nominee for Picture Book (1977)
New York Times Book Review Notable Children's Book of the Year (1976)
New York Times Outstanding Book of the Year (1976)
Adaptation
In the mid 80's a short animated film was made of this book, with John Lithgow as the narrator, and produced by Weston Woods Studios, Inc. Lithgow also gave his voice for another film adaptation of a William Steig book, Shrek.
A children's musical was produced at Lifeline Theatre in Chicago, Illinois in 1996. This adaptation, by Eric Lane Barnes, was also produced at the Morgan-Wixson Theatre in Santa Monica, California in 2010.
References
American picture books
1976 children's books
Children's fiction books
Books by William Steig
Caldecott Honor-winning works
Children's books adapted into films
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5381432
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma%20Army%20National%20Guard
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Oklahoma Army National Guard
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The Oklahoma Army National Guard is the Army National Guard component of the Oklahoma National Guard. The Commander in Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard is the Governor of Oklahoma, who appoints the State Adjutant General (TAG), a Major General from either Army or Air. Currently, the TAG is Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Mancino. The previous TAG was Maj. Gen. Michael Thompson.
The history of the OK ARNG SOF aviation "Lords of Darkness" is complicated. Early aviation units in the OK ARNG appears to have included the 245th Medical Company (Air Ambulance) and the 145th Aviation Company (1968), seemingly amalgamated into the 445th Aviation Company (1971); the 445th Aviation Company was reorganized as Company B, 149th Aviation Battalion (September 1978); and in May 1982, the 45th Aviation Battalion (Light Combat Helicopter) was organised as a Special Operations Forces unit. Organizational Authority #168-87 (5 August 1987) reorganized the 45th Aviation Battalion as the 1st Battalion, 245th Aviation, as of 1 October 1987. On 5 August 1987 the 245th Aviation was constituted in the Oklahoma Army National Guard, a parent regiment under the United States Army Regimental System. It was organized 1 October 1987 to consist of the 1st Battalion (Special Operations) (Airborne) at Sperry. The 1st Battalion relocated to Tulsa on 1 July 1989. In 1986-87 there was a struggle by the OK ARNG to be accepted as a Special Operations Aviation team member by Army Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg and the active Army's 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. But it appears that this process was generally successful. The unit flew 6,298 flying hours in 1992. The unit may have been deactivated in 1994.
At some point 1st Battalion, 245th Aviation (Special Operations) was reorganized into 1st Battalion (Airfield Operations), 245th Aviation. In January 2016 the unit was preparing for deployment to the Middle East; at that time, pre-deployment training was scheduled for May-June 2016 at the state training site, Camp Gruber.
Units
The Oklahoma Army National Guard consists of the following elements:
Joint Forces Command--Ground Component
90th Troop Command
Headquarters, 90th Troop Command at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
120th Engineer Battalion at Broken Arrow, Oklahoma
Headquarters and Headquarters Company
Company A (Forward Support Company)
3120th Engineer Company
2120th Engineer Company
1120th Engineer Detachment
120th Medical Company (Area Support)
345th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion
Headquarters and Headquarters Company
1245th Transportation Company
745th Military Police Company
Company A, 777th Aviation Support Battalion (Distribution), Okmulgee, Oklahoma
63d Civil Support Team (WMD)
145th Army Band
145th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment
2d Battalion, 245th Aviation Regiment
Headquarters and Headquarters Company
Company C
3rd Battalion (Security & Support), 140th Aviation Regiment
Company C
Detachment 1
2d Battalion (General Support), 149th Aviation Regiment
Company B (CH-47)
Detachment 1
1st Battalion (General Support), 169th Aviation Regiment
Company C
Detachment 1
2d Battalion, 238th Aviation Regiment
Company F
834th Aviation Support Battalion
Company B
Medical Detachment
45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team
1st Squadron (RSTA), 180th Cavalry Regiment
2d Battalion, 134th Infantry Regiment (Airborne) (Nebraska Army National Guard)
1st Battalion, 179th Infantry Regiment
1st Battalion, 279th Infantry Regiment
1st Battalion, 160th Field Artillery Regiment (105mm Towed)
700th Brigade Support Battalion
545th Brigade Engineer Battalion
45th Field Artillery Brigade
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery
1st Battalion, 158th Field Artillery Regiment (HIMARS)
271st Brigade Support Battalion
205th Signal Company (Network)
Oklahoma Regional Training Institute
1st Battalion, 189th Field Artillery Regiment
2d Battalion (General Support), 189th Field Artillery Regiment
The OKARNG controls the Camp Gruber Maneuver Training Center located near Braggs, Oklahoma.
History
In 2021, the Oklahoma National Guard soldiers and Airmen helped to distribute food and water to citizens affected by Hurricane Ida.
Historic units
158th Field Artillery Regiment
160th Field Artillery Regiment
171st Field Artillery Regiment
189th Field Artillery Regiment
179th Infantry Regiment
180th Infantry Regiment
References
External links
Bibliography of Oklahoma Army National Guard History compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History
United States Army National Guard by state
Military in Oklahoma
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5381442
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reid%20Bailey
|
Reid Bailey
|
Reid Bailey (born May 28, 1956) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defensemen who played three seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Toronto Maple Leafs and Hartford Whalers.
Undrafted into the NHL, Bailey signed a free agent contract with the Philadelphia Flyers on November 20, 1978.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
References
External links
1956 births
Binghamton Whalers players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian people of British descent
Cornwall Royals (QMJHL) players
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Kitchener Rangers players
Living people
Maine Mariners players
Moncton Alpines (AHL) players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Port Huron Flags players
Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds players
Sportspeople from Toronto
St. Catharines Saints players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
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5381449
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Western%20Coal%20and%20Navigation%20Company
|
North Western Coal and Navigation Company
|
The North Western Coal and Navigation Company, also known as Alberta Railway and Coal Company or Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company, was a coal mining company formed in London, England in 1882 by Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt, one of Canada's Fathers of Confederation. As part of his vision for Canada, Galt was committed to finding industries that would bring settlers to the District of Alberta of the Northwest Territories. The company was founded to create a coal mining industry that could bring settlers to the Northwest Territories. It was based in Lethbridge, Alberta, with his son Elliott Torrance Galt, managing day-to-day operations. The company's superintendent was William Stafford. Money for this company came from a consortium of investors from Canada, England, and the United States.
Galts' narrow gauge railway
NWC&NC built the steamboat 'Baroness' along with a number of barges in 1883 to ship coal to Medicine Hat, by the Oldman River. However, this soon proved to be impractical, as the time of navigable high water was short and undependable, and shoals and sandbanks proved hazardous. Only 3200 tons of coal was delivered to Medicine Hat in two years. Sir Alexander Galt had already conceived the idea of a narrow gauge railway, and in 1884 the Federal government confirmed the British charter, and empowered the NWC&NC to build a narrow gauge railway from Dunmore, Alberta, to its coal properties at Lethbridge. NWC&NC contracted Canadian Pacific Railway to buy a minimum of 20,000 tons of coal a year for five years at $5 a ton delivered to Medicine Hat. Canada's Governor General, the Marquis of Landsdowne, demonstrated the Dominion government's support of the Galt enterprises, by opening the Galts' narrow gauge railway on October 19, 1885 in Lethbridge.
Alberta Railway & Coal Company
In 1889, the Alberta Railway & Coal Company was incorporated by NWC&NC to build a narrow gauge railway from Lethbridge to the Canada–United States border, a distance of 65 miles. Coincident with the building of the AR&CC line in 1890, the Galts received a Montana charter for the narrow gauge Great Falls and Canada Railway (GF&CR). The line ran from Sweetgrass, opposite Coutts, to Great Falls, Montana. By extending their railway into the United States, the Galts were able to enlarge the market for Lethbridge coal. In 1901, the GF&CR line was converted to standard gauge, and was purchased by the Montana Great Northern Railway, a subsidiary of the Great Northern Railway (U.S.).
Originally leased to the CPR in 1893, the line from Dunmore to Lethbridge (the AR&CC had acquired the properties of the NWC&NC in 1891), the line was upgraded to standard gauge, and was purchased outright in 1897 and became the first leg of the Crow's Nest Pass branch railway to the CPR's mineral properties in the Kootenay area of south-eastern British Columbia, with the right to extend the line to Hope.
Alberta Railway & Irrigation Company
To further the AR&CC's aims to develop the granted land and attract settlement, Elliott Galt was made aware that farming, not ranching, was the appropriate means of development, and Irrigation was the key. He was approached by Charles Ora Card of the Utah-based Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), familiarly known as Mormons, who detailed his vision of using the local river systems for irrigation. Card had visited Canada in 1886 and had returned in 1887 with a group that settled on Lees Creek and established the village of Cardston, Alberta. Under Brigham Young, the Mormons had established a thriving community centered on Salt Lake City and had pioneered and gained expertise in farming by irrigation in an area of deficient rainfall.
An agreement was reached with the Mormons in 1891, whereby they would lease 700,000 acres of land, bring in settlers, and provide labour for building the canal system. Economic depression and the lack of capital ended the project. Though temporarily thwarted the Galts continued to pursue their plan for irrigation and soon afterwards, with an upturn in the economy and a new Liberal Party of Canada, government with Clifford Sifton, as Minister of the Department of the Interior, who pursued a vigorous policy of Immigration, the fortunes of the Galt enterprises changed for the better. An agreement was reached with the Government of Canada, whereby in an exchange of lands the AR&CC was able to assemble a solid block of 500,000 acres adjacent to the St. Mary River thus making large-scale irrigation feasible. A new contract was signed with the Mormons in which they were to construct the canal system and in return for their labour they were to be paid "one-half in cash and one-half in land, the land with water rights being valued at three dollars per acre, to a total of $75,000 and 25,000 acres. A remission of the survey fee of ten cents per acre was also granted by the government. The church-sponsored immigrants, to whom Galt advanced the costs of transportation, were to establish themselves in hamlet, one each in the tracts twenty and thirty miles south of Lethbridge, the communities of Stirling & Magrath, Alberta were established in 1889 as per contract with AR&IC. The main canal was completed in August 1900.
That same year the St. Mary’s River Railway Company was incorporated to provide access and serve the settlers benefiting from the irrigation system. It reached Cardston in 1903, with permission to extend the narrow gauge line. At Raymond, Alberta a sugar beet factory was erected. A further consolidation of land took place in 1900, followed in 1902 by the purchase of the adjacent 500,000 Acre Tract at one dollar an acre after the awarding of credits amounting to two dollars an acre. Payment was to be made in ten equal annual installments. The stipulation was that the land could not be sold for more than five dollars an acre, and the unsold balance, after 15 years, would revert to the government. In 1904 the Galt companies were merged into a new corporation, the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company (AR&IC). The St. Mary's Canal was enlarged and a beginning was made on a canal from the Milk River, halted by the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 between the United States and Canada, dividing the waters of the two rivers equally between the two countries. In 1912 the Canadian Pacific Railway leased the AR&IC for 999 years thus ending the independence of the Galt enterprise.
See also
Galt Historic Railway Park - Stirling, Alberta
References
External links
Virtual Field Trip for the Oldman River
Description of Galt Railway
Coal companies of Canada
Companies based in Lethbridge
History of Lethbridge
3 ft gauge railways in Canada
Energy companies established in 1882
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1882
Defunct Alberta railways
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5381453
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PennHIP
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PennHIP
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PennHIP (an acronym for "University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program") is a program which evaluates the quality of the hips in dogs. The program was established at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine by Gail Smith in 1993, with the primary objective of reducing the prevalence of hip dysplasia in dogs. To assess a dog's hip joints, three radiographs (X-rays) are taken from different angles while the dog is under general anesthesia. Radiographs are submitted to the PennHIP for assessment, and are assigned a score, called a distraction index. Veterinarians must be trained members of the PennHIP Network in order to take radiographs for these assessments. The scheme is available through veterinarians in the United States and Canada. It was considered as the most evidence-based radiographic method to diagnose hip dysplasia.
History
The PennHIP method was developed by Gail Smith at the University of Pennsylvania in 1983 with the current radiographic submission system dating back to 1993.
In the 1990s, the Penn Center for Innovation (PCI) licensed PennHIP to a corporation, with Smith taking it back in 2002 and turning it into a not-for-profit service at Penn Vet. Recently, PCI facilitated the sale of PennHIP to Antech Imaging Services (Antech Diagnostics, Inc.), it is now called AIS PennHIP.
Configurations and technique
The major quality of the PennHIP for the performing veterinarians is it gives an early indication for developing osteoarthritis of canine hip dysplasia as early as 16 weeks of the dogs age. The method requires the dogs to be under heavy sedation or anesthetized in dorsal recumbency position to eliminate muscle tension. Three radiographic exposures are made of the coxofemoral joint to evaluate the hip quality and quantitatively measure the joint laxity as following 1) distraction radiograph, 2) compression radiograph 3) ventrodorsal hip-extended radiograph with the distraction device being placed between the legs in neutral position and hips are distracted. The device acts as a fulcrum at the level of the proximal femur to lateralize the femoral heads when the performing veterinarian exerts minimal adduction force.
The first two previously mentioned radiographs are used to obtain precise measurements on laxity and joint congruence, while the extended view is needed to collect further information on osteoarthritis if present. The purpose of these RXs is to obtain a technological calculated value that in the end an index of the joint laxity is given with less vulnerability to errors in comparison to the qualitative methods.
The quantitative measure is called the distraction index (DI) which is the measurement of the maximal femoral head displacement from the acetabulum. It is calculated by dividing the distance between the geometric centre of the femoral head and the geometric centre of the acetabulum by the radius of the femoral head. The degree of presence of osteoarthritis increases as the DI value go over 0.3, meaning that the dog is in a higher risk of developing the condition.
Alternatives
Norberg angle (NA): which measures the femoral head displacement from the acetabulum. It is calculated by drawing a line that connects between two dots that are located at the centre of each femoral head centre and another line that connects one of the first dots to the craniolateral acetabular rim on the same femoral head. A normal NA is ≥105 degrees.
Percentage of femoral head coverage (%FHC): it measures the femoral head displacement from the acetabulum. The percent is considered normal or concluding that the dog has a good hip joint congruity when the percent is ≥50% coverage.
Dorsolateral hip testing using radiography and CT: dog is in sternal recumbency position and kneeling.
Pelvic stress radiography: dog is in dorsal recumbency position, femur is in 60° angle while the vet is manually pushing it in a craniodorsal direction.
Drawbacks
The technique can only be performed by a certified veterinarian or vet technician as they must take certain training course and they have to submit trial radiographs that shows their level of proficiency to get their certificate approved.
Not recognized by the American Kennel Club
Requires anesthesia.
Higher cost compared to the alternatives that ranges between $200-400.
See also
Orthopedic Foundation for Animals
References
External links
Dog health
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5381470
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Ball%20%28ice%20hockey%29
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Terry Ball (ice hockey)
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Terrance James Ball (born November 29, 1944) is a Canadian]former professional ice hockey defenceman. Ball played in the National Hockey League, the World Hockey Association, the Finnish SM-Liiga, and several minor leagues in a career that spanned from 1964 until 1979.
Ball was a European scout of the Edmonton Oilers during the 1970s.
Playing carerr
Ball was born in Selkirk, Manitoba. He played junior with the Winnipeg Rangers and Brandon Wheat Kings, and Kitchener Rangers In 1963–64, he played eight games with the Vancouver Canucks of the Western Hockey League, but finished the season in junior. He played one further season in junior, with Kitchener and signed underage with the New York Rangers.
In 1964–65, Ball moved on to minor professional leagues, with the Minnesota Rangers. Ball remained in the New York Rangers farm system until 1967, when he was claimed in the expansion draft by Philadelphia. He played one game for the Flyers, but spent the rest of the season with their Quebec Aces affiliate. Ball played full-time in the NHL in 1969–70 with the Flyers, before being traded in the off-season to the Pittsburgh Penguins. Ball did not play in the NHL for the Penguins, and was traded to the Buffalo Sabres in 1971.
Ball was chosen by the World Hockey Association's Minnesota Fighting Saints in the 1972 general draft, and he signed with them. Ball played three seasons with Minnesota before being claimed by the Cleveland Crusaders in 1975. Ball played one season with Cleveland before being traded to the Cincinnati Stingers. Ball was picked up by the Birmingham Bulls in 1976, and he split the season between the Bulls and the minors.
In 1977, Ball signed with HIFK Helsinki, where he played two further seasons of hockey before ending his career.
Terry Ball was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 2012.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Awards and achievements
MJHL All-Star Team (1964)
Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame (2011)
References
External links
1944 births
Living people
Amarillo Wranglers players
Birmingham Bulls players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Finland
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Cincinnati Stingers players
Cincinnati Swords players
Cleveland Crusaders players
Edmonton Oilers scouts
HIFK (ice hockey) players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Kitchener Rangers players
Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame inductees
Minnesota Fighting Saints players
Minnesota Rangers players
Oklahoma City Blazers (1965–1977) players
Omaha Knights (CHL) players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Quebec Aces (AHL) players
Salt Lake Golden Eagles (WHL) players
Sportspeople from Selkirk, Manitoba
St. Paul Rangers players
Vancouver Canucks (WHL) players
Winnipeg Rangers players
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5381473
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linz%20Airport
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Linz Airport
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Linz Airport (, ) is a minor international airport located in Hörsching, near Linz, the third-largest city in Austria. It is also known as the Blue Danube Airport.
History
Early years
Air traffic used to take place at the Südbahnhofmarkt in the center of Linz where the zeppelin Estaric I took off on 30 October 1909. In 1925 air traffic was established between Linz and Vienna. Starting in 1934, the air traffic operation was based in the Linz-Katzenau district (nowadays industrial center), which was later terminated by the NSDAP after 1938. The airport was then moved to Hörsching.
The following table shows some of the units of the Luftwaffe (air force in Nazi Germany), which were deployed from 1943 to 1945.
Since 1956 regular passenger air traffic takes place. Since 1966 daily flight connections to Frankfurt Airport are available.
Development since the 1970s
In 1972 a passenger terminal was built and was officially opened in 1976. Since 1985 the flight path is equipped with an Instrument landing system, category IIIb. In the years 1998 to 2003 the passenger terminal was adjusted and enlarged. In 2005 a new instrument landing system (ILS) was put into operation at runway 08/26.
Until 1989 the supersonic jet Concorde landed several times at the airport. Since the 90s some cargo flights were dispatched by the high-capacity transporter Antonov An-124 Ruslan. In 2003 the world's largest cargo aircraft Antonov An-225 landed in Austria, and it returned once again in 2021. On 2 June 2010 a Lufthansa Airbus A380-800 landed at Linz Airport, coming from Vienna and left for Munich.
Amerer Air operated from the airport Linz from 1995 until 2009 and was the only cargo company in Austria. In June 1994 the cargo terminal 1 was completed. In October 2013 the cargo terminal 5 was put into operation. 6 million euros were invested in the new cargo terminal.
With more than 100 companies, Linz Airport is the largest business park in Upper Austria. The Flughafen GmbH employs about 160 people.
Linz Airport is the fifth largest airport in Austria by passenger numbers after Vienna, Salzburg, Innsbruck and Graz. The airport is a shared property. 50% belongs to Upper Austria state and 50% belongs to Linz city.
In February 2015, Austrian Airlines announced that they would reduce the domestic route between Linz and the capital Vienna from six down to two daily flights, as most travellers are expected to use the new and improved rail link between the two cities. Since the inauguration of the new rail services in December 2014, the direct journey from Linz central station to Vienna International Airport takes a mere 1:47 hours without change of trains. In September 2016, Austrian Airlines cut down the Linz-Vienna route again to only one flight per day and direction, stating extremely poor passenger numbers. Most travelers between Linz and Vienna now use the aforementioned rail link, as nearly one Railjet per hour departs for Vienna on which Austrian Airlines sells AirRail tickets as well.
Because of geopolitical crises and terrorist attacks in holiday destinations, the demand for package holiday has declined all over Europe. The blue danube airport noted a drop in the destinations of Egypt and Turkey. In cooperation with ARGE "Flieg from Linz", Ibiza and Burgas were therefore included in the summer program 2016 and Tenerife in the winter program. Due to an increasing demand, services to Greece and Egypt will be extended in 2018. Besides this, there will be direct flights to Rostock and Monastir again on a weekly basis starting from 2018.
In the first six months of 2018 the airport recorded a significant increase in numbers and a positive effect on passenger development. More than 200.000 passengers used Linz Airport for their trips. Compared to the first half of 2017, traveler traffic increased by 16.8%, which makes 30,879 passengers in total. The holiday travel segment grew by 42.2%.
The connections via Frankfurt raised as Lufthansa operates by larger aircraft. Palma de Mallorca has become accessible five times a week, twice by Eurowings and three times by Laudamotion. The airport was able to expand its offer towards the Baltic Sea, making it the only federal airport in Austria to offer this destination. Other newly popular destinations are Turkey, Egypt and Greece. Due to an entire airstrip lockdown of the Salzburg Airport from end of April until end of May 2019, the daily Salzburg-Istanbul flights from Turkish Airlines are going to be translocated to Linz. The operation of this field trial could result a regular flight connection between Linz and Istanbul.
In summer 2019 the Bulgarian Air Charter will launch its premiere from Linz airport with destinations to Bulgaria and Greece. Due to new and future destinations, the number of seats in charter flights will be increased by 20%, from 80,000 to 95,000 seats.
In 2019 the operator dropped the alternative name Blue Danube Airport Linz and officially renamed itself as Linz Airport.
Facilities
The airport covers an area of 383 hectares (946 acres) of land and features one passenger terminal, two runways and extensive logistics and maintenance facilities. Linz Airport is relatively small, with 11 gates. There is a shop and café in the entrance hall, connected to the check-in and airline desks. Beyond the security checks there is a duty-free shop and a small café accessible from both the domestic and international gate areas.
The airport also has a roof terrace, which can be visited during the summer months between 6 and 23 o'clock to observe the airplanes. For guests of the airport the access is free of charge. The rooftop also has a playground for children. For so called plane spotters special viewing spots were created, where visiters are able to take pictures of the planes from a wide range of angles without having to worry about any annoying obstacles.
The airport is equipped with a 3000 meter long precision runway with two instrumental landing systems, as well as a helicopter landing pad. For medium-haul aircraft 16 parking positions are available. Linz Airport is actually a military airport but with a civil right of use. The civil part is located north of the landing strip. To the south lie the second largest barracks of Austria as well as a military airfield named "Fliegerhorst Vogler". On 1 November 2010, both runway 09/27 and helicopter landing pad 07/25 were renamed to runway 08/26 and helicopter landing pad 07/25 due to permanent changes in the magnetic declination. Since the submitted variation of the compass rose results in such a magnetic value which lies closer to 08/26 than the existing identification code 09/27, the Austrian flight control Austro Control initiated the tracking of the new runway designation.
The Cargo sector of the airport operates worldwide under the brand Air Cargo Center. In 2017 there was a significant cargo increase with a total of 53,796 tons of cargo. Thus the airport could strengthen its leading position as Austria's largest regional airport for cargo services and further increase cargo services by more than 20% compared to last year. Besides the daily rotation of DHL Aviation (Ljubljana – Linz – Leipzig) extra cargo transactions are often handled. The first cargo terminal was completed in 1994. A year later the new extensions was already in progress and opened finale in 1996. In 2000 followed the opening of the third cargo terminal. In June 2014 DHL Global Forwarding transported 9.5 tons of steel tiling from Linz to Mumbai by a Boeing 747-400F. Following the ongoing expansion of the cargo facilities and the opening of cargo terminal 5 on 17 October 2013, a building the size of 70x35 meters, a 2.900 m2 cargo hall, 12 loading bays as well as two sawtooth ramps were created. Linz Airport is also equipped to dispatch jumbo jets. Following the legal authorization in August 2017, DHL Express opened a new logistics center at the airport in June 2019. More than 25 million euros are invested in its construction. The merger aims to establish quality advantages and ensure increased safety standards. Due to modern building technology, more than 360 tons of CO₂ are to be saved each year. In addition, there will be up to 180 more jobs through the new DHL location. In 2020 the airport collaborated with the "GrowNow Group" to start the German-language adult-education airfreight academy "Aviation Now". In February 2021 "Aviation Now" was nominated for an official IATA Regional Training Partnership.
The General Aviation Center is housed in a separate terminal and coordinates among others the following points: Passport and customs checks, refueling, cleaning, defrosting as well as several other passenger and crew services.
The airline pilot school AeronautX Luftfahrtschule is also located in the airport.
Accessibility
The airport has special parking spaces for passengers with reduced mobility. These pitches have a 20% discount. In addition, there are telephones which can be used to contact the airport personnel and request a free wheelchair, if necessary.
The airport itself has elevators and ramps which make the changing of levels easier. Important places such as: Toilets and laundry rooms, as well as the airport restaurant are either on the ground floor or accessible by elevator. 500 MB of free data volume in the WLAN are available to each passenger free of charge. On request, there is also a health psychologist dedicated to travelers' fears of flying.
Ownership
Linz airport is operated by Flughafen Linz GmbH, which is owned in equal parts by OÖ Verkehrsholding GmbH and city of Linz.
Since May 2018 Norbert Draskovits is managing director of the blue danube airport linz. His concept for ‘Linz Airport 2030’, his longtime professional experience and his industry-specific contacts convinced in the process of application. He was formerly head of management board and Vice President Commercial at FlyNiki. Draskovits, married and father of two adult children, replaces former managing director Gerhard Kunesch who is retiring.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
The following airlines offer regular scheduled and charter flights at Linz Airport:
Cargo
Statistics
In terms of passenger figures the airport is ranked as number five of the six commercial airports in Austria. These numbers are quoted according to Austria's traffic statistics.
Accidents and incidents
The database of the Aviation Safety Network collects all fatal flight accidents worldwide since 1943. There are no registered accidents in the closer area of Linz Airport since the last update in 2014.
On 8 January 1968, Douglas C-47B YU-ABK of Jugoslovenski Aerotransport was operating an international scheduled cargo flight from Riem Airport, Munich, West Germany to Pleso Airport, Zagreb, Yugoslavia when a fire developed in one of the engines. An attempt was made to divert to Hörsching Airport but the aircraft force landed short of the airport in a forest at Sankt Florian. All four people on board survived.
Access
Bus
Bus line 601 connects the airport within 20 minutes with the city centre of Linz. There is an additional free shuttle service for travellers from Hörsching railway station which itself can be reached from Linz main station.
Car
The airport can be reached via federal highways B139 (which connects to motorway A1 Vienna – Germany) and B1. Taxis and car rental facilities are available at the airport. There are three short-stay and schedule car parks, which offer place for 1,050 cars. Additionally, there are two large car parks with 2,300 parking spaces which are located at the side of the terminal. Passengers can use a shuttle service that takes them to the departure hall. At the schedule car park L2 is also an electronic charging station for free use. Available for any E-cars, E-bikes or Segways.
Environment
URIS
The blue danube airport linz gets support from the URIS (Umfeld Rückkoppelungs- und Informations-System)- Council in its environmental concerns.
The council was founded in 1999 and works as a neutral contact point for all neighboring communities.
Aircraft noise measurement
At the end of 2003 three new noise monitoring stations have been set up in the region of Linz airport, which measure and record around the clock the current sound level. The two stationary stations (Oftering and Traun) as well as the mobile measuring trailer were purchased from the Blue Danube Airport to complement the existing aircraft nose measurements.
The stationary stations are 2,500 m (fire brigade Oftering) or 3,000 m (cemetery Linz) away from the nearest slope. The environmental protection department of Upper Austria analyzes the results and documents them in regular reports. The current maximum value is 87.2 dB (civil) and 93.7 dB (military) in Oftering, 89.2 dB (civil) and 94.0 dB (military) in Traun and 81.8 dB (civil) and 87.0 dB (military) at the mobile station (status 2014).
Safety
The airport has its own fire department whose area of responsibility is stated in national and international guidelines. The fire department has six cars with a total of 37,000 liters of water and 4500 kg foam or powder. In December 2017, the blue danube airport was awarded the EU certificate by the EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency). The certificate confirms the quality and compliance with high safety standards in airport operations and for passengers. The Vienna International Airport, as well as Graz, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Linz, Salzburg and the Bad Vöslau Airport are also holders of the EASA certificate.
Trivia
The Runway Night Run is a 5 km long running event which takes place on the slopes of the Blue Danube Airport in Linz. Individuals as well as teams of three can participate. The starters of the teams are also included in the individual competition. The start and finish of the event are located at the Northwest corner of the shelf. The route runs along the apron of the taxiway "Foxtrot" to the runway. The turning point is in the east at the end of the runway "08". Then the course heads south to the runway "26" which leads west to the taxiway "Golf" and finally to the finish line. Apart from the location, the beginning at exactly midnight is a special feature of the event.
The DHL airport NIGHT RUN 2019 took place on the 30st of August, 2019. The airport director, Mag. Norbert Draskovits, was on the starting line to complete the 5 km run, alongside 2.500 participants. The DHL LINZ AIRPORT NIGHT RUN 2020 was held on October 9, with a limited number of participants due to the current Covid crisis,. The 239 runners were additionally split into separate starting blocks. The Airport Night Run 2021 is scheduled for August 6, 2021. On May 9th 2020 sailplane pilot Rudolf Schlesinger conducted a Touch & Go maneuver at Linz Airport. It was the first successful Touch & Go maneuver with a glider at an international airport.
See also
Transport in Austria
List of airports in Austria
References
External links
Official website
Airports in Austria
Buildings and structures in Upper Austria
Airports established in 1955
1955 establishments in Austria
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5381475
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimilijan%20Vrhovac
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Maksimilijan Vrhovac
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Maksimilijan Vrhovac (23 November 1752 in Karlovac – 16 December 1827 in Zagreb) was the bishop of Zagreb. He was one of the ideological architects of the Croatian national revival, and is notable for founding the Maksimir Park in 1787, one of the first major public parks in Southeast Europe. Vrhovac was a member of the Freemasons.
Family
His father, Aleksa, was captain of the frontier-guards near the Austrian-Ottoman border. For his merit, he was awarded with nobility by the Austrian empress Maria Theresia.
Education
After he graduated school in Graz, Vrhovac joined the army, but soon left when he realized that he did not qualify for this occupation. Instead, he joined the seminary in Zagreb.
Vrhovac studied in Vienna and Bologna, and became a vice-rector, and later rector, at the seminary in Zagreb, as well as a professor of dogma at the Academy in Zagreb. Emperor Joseph II promoted him to rector of the seminary in Pest before he returned to Croatia as a bishop.
Promoter of "Illyrian" language
In 1808, Vrhovac requested the Croatian Parliament to open his library to the public. In the 1810s, he worked on translating the Bible into the Kajkavian Croatian language. Other contributors in the program were Antun Vranić, Ivan Nepomuk Labaš, Ivan Gusić, Ivan Birling, Stjepan Korolija, and Tomaš Mikloušić. In 1810, he visited Vienna. During his stay, Jernej Kopitar requested that Vrhovac organize a collection of local songs, but this attempt was not successful.
To promote the Ilyrian language, Vrhovac established a printing house and printed books on the Kajkavian and Štokavian dialects.
Vrhovac continued to pursue his own perception of the language and people. After Napoleon captured the territory of Austria-Hungary, he issued a proclamation in 1813 to "natives across Sava" (), emphasizing that there were no more borders between Croats in Croatia, Dalmatia, and the Coastal region. After the defeat of Napoleon in Russia and the return of Austria-Hungary to its borders from 1806, the court in Vienna resented Vrhovac for his earlier behavior. Vrhovac was a distinguished opponent of the expansion of Hungarian influence to South Slavs.
In 1814, Vrhovac's cannon Mahanović, following the instructions of Vrhovac, published a work titled Observationes circa croaticam ortho-graphiam without taking in consideration the position regarding čakavian being only a dialect of Croatian as presented by Jernej Kopitar. Nevertheless, Mahanović did somewhat follow the idea of Kopitar to develop a unified orthography for all South Slavic languages.
Footnotes
References
Franjo Šanjek: "Kršćanstvo na hrvatskom prostoru" (Zagreb, Kršćanska sadašnjost, 1996, str. 406.)
1752 births
1827 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops in the Austrian Empire
People from Karlovac
Bishops of Zagreb
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5381493
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Klug
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Bryan Klug
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Bryan Paul Klug (born 8 October 1960) is an English former professional footballer and coach. He is currently the Head of Coaching and Player Development at the Ipswich Town Academy.
Playing career
Born in Coventry, Klug began his football career as an apprentice with Ipswich Town. He joined Wimbledon on loan in March 1980 and made his Football League debut with them, although after returning to Ipswich in July 1980, he still did not make a first team appearance. Therefore, in August 1983 he moved to Chesterfield, finishing his Football League career with Peterborough United, before moving to non-league with Chelmsford City.
Klug played in the FA Vase final for Sudbury Town vs Tamworth in 1989, crossing for Dave Hubbick to head home after 7 minutes. The match ended 1–1.
Coaching career
Klug returned to Ipswich as a youth-team coach in 1987. He worked his way up through the youth coaching system over a number of years, eventually becoming director of the newly formed academy at Ipswich in 1998. The Ipswich academy experienced years of success under Klug's management, producing a high number of first-team players graduating from the youth system, whilst also winning the FA Youth Cup in 2005.
Following the appointment of Jim Magilton as manager of Ipswich in the summer of 2006, Klug became Magilton's assistant. Working with the first-team alongside Magilton until 2009. In January 2009, Klug took on a new role as Head of Football Development, with him overseeing coaching development, scouting and fitness throughout the first-team and academy at Ipswich.
He took over as caretaker manager of Ipswich on 22 April 2009, following the sacking of Magilton. However, a day later, Roy Keane was appointed as manager.
In January 2010, it was announced that Klug had been sacked from the club after new manager Roy Keane decided to trim the staff at the club.
After leaving Ipswich, he joined the coaching set up at Tottenham Hotspur, overseeing the coaching of the Premier League side’s academy schoolboys up to the age of 16. Klug worked his way up to become the assistant academy manager and head of player development at Tottenham. He left his role at the Tottenham academy in June 2012 to return to Ipswich to become the club's academy director.
Following the departure of Mick McCarthy towards the end of the 2017–18 season, Klug was made caretaker manager for the final four games. On 30 May 2018, Paul Hurst was announced as full-time manager, replacing Klug.
In October 2018 Klug was again made caretaker manager at Ipswich, following Hurst's sacking after Ipswich winning just once in 15 games.
Personal life
In May 2013, Klug completed his seventh marathon, after running the Edinburgh Marathon, having also previously run the London and New York City marathons to raise money for local charities.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
Bryan Klug profile at the Ipswich Town F.C. website
1960 births
Living people
Footballers from Coventry
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Wimbledon F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Sudbury Town F.C. players
Chelmsford City F.C. players
English Football League players
Ipswich Town F.C. managers
English football managers
English Football League managers
Ipswich Town F.C. non-playing staff
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. non-playing staff
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5381517
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20Foley
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Justin Foley
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Justin Foley is an American musician, best known as the drummer of the metalcore band, Killswitch Engage. He is also a former member of the band Blood Has Been Shed along with Killswitch Engage's former lead singer, Howard Jones.
Biography
Early life
Before joining Killswitch Engage, Foley participated in a Connecticut thrash/jazz metal band called Red Tide. Red Tide began as a thrash metal outfit in 1993 then evolved into a jazz metal band in the late 1990s. As the primary lyricist and one of the songwriters for Red Tide, Foley earned local celebrityhood. With Red Tide, Foley released at least 5 demo tapes and two CDs. Red Tide disbanded in 2002 as there was a general lack of interest in continuing (cited by interview).
Killswitch Engage
Foley joined Killswitch Engage after the departure of the previous drummer, Tom Gomes, in October 2003.
Justin Foley is one of the many advertising artists for Evans Drumheads along with such famous drummers as Daniel Erlandsson, Charlie Benante, Kevin Talley, Morgan Rose, Matthew McDonough, and Vinnie Paul among other performers.
Foley also plays drums on metalcore band Unearth's 2011 album, Darkness in the Light filling in for departed drummer Derek Kerswill.
Personal
Foley has been quoted as saying that if he did not play drums, he would like to try out for the Boston Celtics, of whom he is an avid fan. He is also a Big Mouth fanatic. Foley is know for his humor, his weight and the two plays he played in high school football
Discography
Red Tide
Themes of the Cosmic Consciousness (1997)
Type II (2001)
Blood Has Been Shed
Spirals (March 11, 2003; Ferret Records)
Killswitch Engage
The End of Heartache (May 11, 2004; Roadrunner Records)
As Daylight Dies (November 21, 2006; Roadrunner Records)
Killswitch Engage (June 30, 2009; Roadrunner Records)
Disarm The Descent (April 1, 2013; Roadrunner Records)
Incarnate (March 11, 2016; Roadrunner Records)
Atonement (August 16, 2019; Metal Blade Records)
As a guest
Unearth - Darkness in the Light (July 4, 2011; Metal Blade Records)
References
External links
https://zildjian.com/artists/justin-foley
American heavy metal drummers
1976 births
Living people
People from Simsbury, Connecticut
University of Connecticut alumni
University of Hartford Hartt School alumni
Musicians from Connecticut
Killswitch Engage members
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
Blood Has Been Shed members
21st-century American drummers
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
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5381518
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton%20Barr
|
Burton Barr
|
Burton Barr (1917–1997) was an American Army colonel, businessman and politician. He served as a Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives from 1964 to 1986, and as its Republican Majority Leader from 1966 to 1986.
Biography
Early life
Burton S. Barr was born in 1917.
Career
During World War II, he served in the United States Army in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany. He received the two Silver Awards and one Bronze Award for his service. He became a lieutenant colonel in 1946 and a colonel in 1964, when he resigned from the army. During his service in World War II, Barr commanded three men who won the Medal of Honor, one of them being Audie Murphy.
In 1964, he was elected as a Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives, representing District 18, where he served until 1986. Additionally, he served as the Republican Majority Leader in the House from 1966 to 1986. In 1986, he ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Arizona, losing the Republican primary to Evan Mecham. He was defeated after he voted for a tax increase after saying he would vote against it, that was followed by a press conference where he was asked why he said he was going to vote against the tax increase, Barr said, "I lied. Next question." Barr was known as one of the most effective political leaders in state history. His colleagues in the legislature referred to him as "Mister Magic". Barr helped pass legislation promoting such things as vehicle inspections, health care, education, prison reform, child care, and freeway funding.
Death
He died on January 13, 1997.
Legacy
The Burton Barr Central Library in Phoenix, Arizona, was named in his honor.
The Burton S. Barr Memorial Scholarship at Arizona State University was also named in his honor.
Secondary source
Philip R. VanderMeer. Burton Barr: Political Leadership and the Transformation of Arizona. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. 2014.
References
1917 births
1997 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
Arizona Republicans
Members of the Arizona House of Representatives
Businesspeople from Arizona
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American politicians
United States Army colonels
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5381529
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20Blanding
|
Camp Blanding
|
Camp Blanding Joint Training Center is the primary military reservation and training base for the Florida National Guard, both the Florida Army National Guard and certain nonflying activities of the Florida Air National Guard. The installation is located in Clay County, Florida, near the city of Starke. The site measures about and includes Kingsley Lake. It also hosts other Reserve, Army National Guard, Air National Guard, and some Active Component training for the U.S. Armed Forces.
Additionally, Camp Blanding serves as a training center for many ROTC units, both Army and Navy, as well as serving for the Florida Wing Summer Encampment for the Civil Air Patrol/US Air Force Auxiliary's Cadet Program each year. Jacksonville University and University of South Florida NROTC Battalions continue to conduct their week-long orientation at Camp Blanding each August before the college semester starts. Camp Blanding also hosts the Audie Murphy Field Training Exercise where Army ROTC units from more than a dozen Florida, Georgia, and Puerto Rican universities gather to conduct a five-day field problem focusing on small-unit tactics, land navigation, and leadership development every April.
Camp Blanding is the primary training site for most of the Florida National Guard's military units and the main combat arms brigade, the 53rd Infantry Brigade of the Florida Army National Guard. It is also home to the headquarters and support companies of the 3-20th Special Forces Group, the 211th Infantry Regiment, and the 2-111th Airfield Operations Battalion of the 111th Aviation Regiment.
Camp Blanding also houses several nonflying units of the Florida Air National Guard, including the 202nd RED HORSE Squadron, 159th Weather Flight, 131st Training Flight, and the joint Army/Air Force 44th Civil Support Team. The base is also a training location for several counter-drug units and law enforcement agencies in Florida and functions as the alternate Emergency Operations Center for Florida.
In 2008, Camp Blanding became host to the Army's latest air assault course in response to the growing need for air assault-trained individuals for the continuing operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Also, a bombing and strafing target for military aircraft, primarily used by the Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, is located on the southern portion of the post.
Camp Blanding is home to the Multijurisdictional Counterdrug Task Force Training, which provides unique, tuition-free military and counterdrug training for local, state, federal, and military criminal justice professionals, as well as awareness training for community leaders.
Camp Blanding is also home to the Combating Transnational Organized Crime Center of Excellence, which provides unique, tuition-free training in support of Department of Defense strategies, and has campuses on Camp Blanding, at St. Petersburg College in St. Petersburg, Florida, and on Camp Murray near Tacoma, Washington.
Camp Blanding is also home to the annual FBI National Academy Associates Youth Leadership Academy (YLA). The YLA takes place during the summer and involves a rigorous selection process of 14-16 year olds throughout Florida. YLA exposes students to top-tier law enforcement professionals from across Florida.
History
Camp Blanding was established in 1939 on as a training facility for the Florida National Guard after its previous training base (Camp Foster) on the St. Johns River near Jacksonville had been taken over by the Navy for Naval Air Station Jacksonville. The new camp was named for Albert H. Blanding, who had been commissioned in the Florida National Guard in 1899, and was then a Major General and Chief of the National Guard Bureau. In 1940, as the threat of war increased and the United States Army was built up, Camp Blanding became a Federal facility housing two infantry divisions plus auxiliary units. Between 1940 and 1943, nine US Army infantry divisions trained at Camp Blanding, including: 1st Infantry Division, 29th Infantry Division, 30th Infantry Division, 31st Infantry Division, 36th Infantry Division, 43rd Infantry Division, 63rd Infantry Division, 66th Infantry Division, and 79th Infantry Division. In 1943, Camp Blanding became an Infantry Replacement Center, training soldiers to be sent to existing infantry divisions as replacements, providing a high percentage of the replacements sent to Army combat units. During WWII more than 800,000 soldiers where trained at Camp Blanding.
The base was a holding center for 343 Japanese, German, and Italian immigrant residents of the United States. A small cemetery is located on the grounds of the former POW camp. In 1946 the actual bodies were removed to the Ft. Benning however the grave markers remain. Additionally five settler era cemeteries are located on Camp Blanding property. Most are not maintained and are heavily overgrown.
At one point during the war, the camp contained the population of the fourth-largest city in Florida. It had 10,000 buildings, of paved roads, and the largest hospital in the state. It was one of the largest training bases in the country. After the war, Camp Blanding was the headquarters of the Military District of Florida and was commanded by Brigadier General Charles S. Kilburn.
An expeditionary airfield consisting of two gravel runways capable of accommodating C-130 Hercules aircraft was added in the 1970s along with the reactivation of the artillery training range and parachute drop zones.
From 2001 until 2008, Camp Blanding was used by the Southeast Region of the Civil Air Patrol to host their Southeast Region Encampment for cadets. The Florida Wing of Civil Air Patrol continues to use Camp Blanding for their wing-level summer cadet encampments.
Camp Blanding Museum and Memorial Park
Camp Blanding is also home to the Camp Blanding Museum and Memorial Park. Open to the public, the facility contains a history museum in one of Camp Blanding's restored World War II buildings, tracing the history of both Camp Blanding and the Florida National Guard. Outdoor exhibits and displays include equipment and Army, Navy, and Air Force aircraft from World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cold War, and Operation Desert Storm, including captured Soviet-manufactured Iraqi equipment from the last conflict.
References
External links
Globalsecurity.org page
Camp Blanding Museum and Memorial Park - official site
Camp Blanding Museum - Camp Blanding Museum and Historical Associates
U.S. Air Force 125th Fighter Wing's Camp Blanding History page
Multijurisdictional Counterdrug Task Force Training website
Combating Transnational Organized Crime Center of Excellence website
Camps
Blanding
Military installations in Florida
Buildings and structures in Clay County, Florida
Military and war museums in Florida
Installations of the United States Army National Guard
Museums in Clay County, Florida
Parks in Clay County, Florida
1940 establishments in Florida
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5381551
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chosa
|
Chosa
|
Chosa may refer to:
Chōsa Station, a railway station of JR Kyushu Nippō Main Line in Aira, Kagoshima, Japan
chosa herring, Clupea pallasii suworowi, a subspecies of the Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii
a portable shrine in Japanese festivals
Children of South Africa (CHOSA), nonprofit charity that locates and supports community-based organizations (CBOs) in South Africa which reach out and take care of orphans and other vulnerable children in South Africa
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5381555
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20Barnes
|
Norm Barnes
|
Norman Leonard Barnes (born August 24, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played five seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers and Hartford Whalers. He also played for Canada in the 1981 IIHF ice hockey world championships in Stockholm, Sweden.
As a youth, he played in the 1965 and 1966 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with the Toronto Bruins and Toronto Shopsy's minor ice hockey teams.
Awards and honours
Played in NHL All-Star Game (1980)
AHL First All-Star Team (1982)
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans
Baltimore Clippers (SHL) players
Binghamton Whalers players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Cincinnati Stingers draft picks
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Maine Mariners players
Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey players
National Hockey League All-Stars
Philadelphia Firebirds (NAHL) players
Philadelphia Flyers draft picks
Philadelphia Flyers players
Richmond Robins players
Sportspeople from Etobicoke
Springfield Indians players
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5381581
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%20Voaden
|
Herman Voaden
|
Herman Arthur Voaden, FRSA (19 January 1903 – 27 June 1991) was a Canadian playwright.
Early life
Born in London, Ontario, he received a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree in 1923 and a Master of Arts degree in 1926 from Queen's University. He also studied at the University of Chicago and at Yale University.
His father, Dr. Arthur Voaden, pioneered vocational teaching in Ontario. His mother, Luisa Bale Voaden, was also a teacher. Voaden studied modern drama at Queen's University, 1920–1923, and wrote his 1926 Queen’s M.A. thesis on Eugene O’Neill.
Political activity
A member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, he ran for the House of Commons of Canada in the western Toronto riding of Trinity in the 1945 elections, 1949 elections, 1953 elections, and a 1954 by-election. He lost each time.
Associations
Voaden was a member of Toronto's Arts and Letters Club, the Dominion Drama Festival, and a founding member and first president of the Canadian Arts Council (which became the Canadian Conference of the Arts in 1958). As president of the CAC, he was one of several Canadian representatives to the first UNESCO conference, held in Paris in 1946.
Honours
In 1974, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honor, "in recognition of his contribution to the performing arts as a playwright, producer and teacher, and his services in fostering support for all the arts and crafts". He was made a Fellow in the Royal Society of Arts in 1970.
Following his death, Queen's University created the Herman Voaden Playwriting Competition to honour new works by emerging playwrights.
Works
The White Kingdom - 1928
Northern Storm - 1929
Northern Song - 1930
Western Wolf - 1930
Fragment - 1931
Wilderness - 1931
Earth Song - 1932
Rocks - 1932
Hill-Land - 1934
Murder Pattern - 1936
Ascend As the Sun - 1942
Libretto for the opera, The Prodigal Son (music by Frederick Jacobi) - debuted 1945
References
External links
Herman Arthur Voaden archives at the Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections, York University Libraries, Toronto, Ontario
1903 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Writers from London, Ontario
Members of the Order of Canada
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian male writers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
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3989609
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20countries%20and%20dependencies%20by%20area
|
List of countries and dependencies by area
|
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependent territories by land, water and total area, ranked by total area.
Entries in this list include, but are not limited to, those in the ISO 3166-1 standard, which includes sovereign states and dependent territories. All 193 member states of the United Nations plus the two observer states are given a rank number. Largely unrecognised states not in ISO 3166-1 are included in the list in ranked order. The areas of such largely unrecognised states are in most cases also included in the areas of the more widely recognised states that claim the same territory; see the notes in the "notes" column for each country for clarification.
Not included in the list are individual country claims to parts of the continent of Antarctica or entities such as the European Union that have some degree of sovereignty but do not consider themselves to be sovereign countries or dependent territories.
This list includes three measurements of area:
Total area: the sum of land and water areas within international boundaries and coastlines.
Land area: the aggregate of all land within international boundaries and coastlines, excluding water area.
Water area: the sum of the surface areas of all inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, and rivers) within international boundaries and coastlines. Coastal internal waters may be included. Territorial seas are not included unless otherwise noted. Contiguous zones and exclusive economic zones are not included.
Data is taken from the United Nations Statistics Division unless otherwise noted.
Map
Countries and dependencies by area
Charts
The charts below are based on the CIA World Factbook as of 15 February 2005.
Sovereign states with areas greater than 100,000 km2 are shown in green. In addition, non-sovereign territories are included for purposes of comparison, and are shown in gray. Areas include inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Claims to parts of Antarctica by various countries are not included.
Countries larger than 1.5 million km2
Countries between 100,000 km2 and 1.5 million km2
See also
List of countries and dependencies by population density
List of countries and dependencies by population
List of largest empires
List of political and geographic subdivisions by total area
List of sovereign states
Orders of magnitude (area)
Explanatory notes
References
External links
Countries of the world ordered by land area
Geography-related lists
Area
Lists by area
Area
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3989613
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearless%20%28Angel%20novel%29
|
Fearless (Angel novel)
|
Fearless is a novel based on the U.S. television series Angel. Tagline: "Even heroes can know human weakness"
Plot summary
The characters of Angel Investigations are shocked to find themselves euphoric after a long night they cannot remember. Their clothes are bloody and torn, their bodies bruised, but their memories of the previous evening are hazy. They soon determine that they've been affected by demon pixie dust.
Angel, however, finds his superhuman healing failing him, and seems to be recovering at the rate of an average human. Unable to confide in his friends, Angel finds himself keeping secrets and collaborating with demons. If his friends go looking for another high in a battle of fearlessness, Angel is unsure if he can protect them.
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia, Wesley, Gunn, Fred, and Lorne
Continuity
The storyline is supposedly set in Angel season 3.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Reviews
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2003 fantasy novels
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3989616
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctuary%20%28Angel%20novel%29
|
Sanctuary (Angel novel)
|
Sanctuary is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel.
Plot summary
Angel and Co. are enjoying some downtime at the karaoke bar Caritas when a loud explosion occurs. The gang and the rest of the bar are attracted outside. A building nearby is on fire. It seems that it may have been a diversionary tactic to distract from a drive-by shooting. When the smoke clears, Fred has gone missing.
It seems Fred has been kidnapped, so Team Angel questions everyone nearby. Around a dozen demons were direct eyewitnesses, but each one has a different story. Whether it was gangs, monsters, or a runaway Fred, the team soon realize demons do not make the most reliable eyewitnesses.
Continuity
Supposed to be set early in Angel season 3 before episode "That Old Gang of Mine".
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia Chase, Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, Charles Gunn, Winifred Burkle, Lorne.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2003 American novels
2003 fantasy novels
Novels by Jeff Mariotte
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3989619
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murong%20Yao
|
Murong Yao
|
Murong Yao (; died 386), also known as Murong Wang (慕容望), was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Western Yan dynasty of China. He was the son of Murong Chong (Emperor Wei), the son of the Former Yan emperor Murong Jun.
Murong Chong was killed in 386 by his general Han Yan (韓延) after he, against his people's desire to return to their homeland, wanted to settle in Chang'an. Two intervening brief reigns by Duan Sui and Murong Yi took place, but after Murong Tao (慕容韜) killed Murong Yi, Murong Tao's brother Murong Heng (慕容恆), who did not approve of Murong Tao's actions, supported Murong Yao as emperor. However, the people did not favor Murong Yao and abandoned him in favor of the general Murong Yong, who then killed Murong Yao in a coup and replaced him with Murong Zhong, the son of Western Yan's founder Murong Hong the Prince of Jibei.
Era name
Jianping (建平 jiàn píng) 386
References
Western Yan emperors
386 deaths
Year of birth unknown
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3989624
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20Mirror%20%28Angel%20novel%29
|
Dark Mirror (Angel novel)
|
Dark Mirror is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Angel. Tagline: "What is the true reflection of a champion?" (The promotional image of the 'Book cover' above has the wrong tagline).
Plot summary
A series of perfect clones of members at Angel Investigations are lurking in the city, planning to kill the originals. Team Angel must find out where the replicas are coming from and why, before the murder spree hits the whole city. Thanks to Wesley's research, the gang realise that they are facing the 'Seven Sinners', dimension-jumping demons who travel to other worlds, steal the negative aspects of the souls of some of the greatest heroes of that world, and subsequently gain power by killing the originals and absorbing their souls into their power source. Once they have been copied, only the original can kill 'their' Sinner, with other attempts simply incapacitating the Sinners until they can regenerate. The Sinners have targeted Angel Investigations with the intention of duplicating Angel, as they feel that only Angelus would possess the necessary skills to lead them in their destruction of this world. However, the final seven clones- consisting of Angelus, Lorne, Wesley, Connor, Fred, Gunn, and Lilah- are all killed by their templates, Angel subsequently destroying their power source.
Continuity
Characters include: Angel, Cordelia, Wesley, Gunn, Fred, Lorne, Connor, and Lilah Morgan.
Supposed to be set in Angel season 4.
Cordelia has no memory of who she is, Fred and Gunn are still very much in love, and Connor and Wesley are still somewhat unwelcome at the Hyperion.
Fits best between the episodes "Slouching Toward Bethlehem" and "Supersymmetry" assuming that Cordelia stayed at the Hyperion rather than with Connor.
At one point a Sinner attempts to copy Cordelia, but the attempt proves unsuccessful, most likely due to Cordelia currently being possessed by Jasmine- albeit in a state of amnesia- and hence her soul was not actually dominant at the time.
Canonical issues
Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Angel (1999 TV series) novels
2004 American novels
2004 fantasy novels
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3989627
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sculptor%27s%20Funeral
|
The Sculptor's Funeral
|
"The Sculptor's Funeral" is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in McClure's in January 1905.
Plot summary
In the fictional small town of Sand City, Kansas, the body of Harvey Merrick, a famed sculptor, is brought back to his parents' house. Only Jim Laird, Harvey's old friend, and Henry Steavens, his student, have any real emotion. While the mother cries out in overdone and insincere grief, Steavens and Laird talk, and we learn Laird never made it out of the town. Later, the mother, showing her cruelty, yells at her maid for forgetting to do the salad dressing. As the men sit up with the body, they moralize and criticize the deceased. This angers Laird, who comes into the room and points out how each of them are guilty, then exposing the corruption of their towns' leaders and how much they had hated Harvey. The next day, Laird, who is disgusted with himself for never having found a life elsewhere as Harvey had done, is too drunk to attend the funeral. The story ends with the notation that Laird dies of a cold shortly thereafter.
Characters
A group of townspeople
Mr Harvey Merrick, a late sculptor with a 'lady-like voice'. He went to college in Boston.
Annie, Harvey's mother.
Martin, Harvey's father.
Roxy, the mulatto maid in the Merricks' household.
Jim Laird, the red-bearded lawyer.
Philip Phelps, the banker.
Elder, another banker.
Thompson, the undertaker.
Henry Steavens, a student of Harvey's.
Literary significance and criticism
It has been argued that the short story was foreshadowed by Willa Cather's poem "The Night Express." Harvey's prototype was the Pittsburgh-born artist Charles Stanley Reinhart. Cather wrote a feature story about the first anniversary of the death of Reinhart in 1897, when a monument was raised in Allegheny Cemetery in Pittsburgh.
References
External links
Full text
1905 short stories
Short stories by Willa Cather
Works originally published in McClure's
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3989628
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen%20mafia
|
Chechen mafia
|
The Chechen mafia (, Noxçiyn mafi; ) is one of the largest ethnic organized crime groups operating in the former Soviet Union next to established Russian mafia groups.
Structure
While most Slavic and Caucasian gangsters in the Soviet era followed the thieves in law subculture, Chechens largely resisted this, instead preferring to use the tribal structure of the teip as well as the concept of an abrek, the outlaw-hero.
In Moscow
The Moscow branch of the Chechen mafia, also known as the Obschina or "community", was founded by gangster Nikolay Suleimanov during the 1980s. Suleimanov operated a second-hand car business and made the bulk of his profits through tax evasion. The group later moved into extortion as capitalism penetrated the Soviet economy, and at this point Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev, at the time a university student and part of an underground student movement dedicated to Chechen independence, was brought in as an enforcer. The more ideological Noukhayev imposed an additional condition on businesses under his "protection", which was that they must invite a Chechen into their workforce. Facilitating Chechen migration into Moscow would mean his organisation became a formidable force in the underworld. Boris Berezovsky was one of the businessmen associated with the Chechens during this period.
The Chechen reputation for violence was formidable, and before long they became the dominant crime group in Moscow. This brought them into conflict with the Slavic gangs, including the Solntsevskaya bratva and the Orekhovskaya gang, who were concerned at the growing links between organised crime and the Chechen separatist movement.
Connections to Chechen separatism
Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev claimed that he started racketeering as a student to help raise funds for the Chechen nationalist cause. Indeed, over the course of his activities, Noukhayev became acquainted with Dzhokhar Dudayev, who recognised his important role in Moscow's Chechen community and took him on as an unofficial aide, before helping him escape from prison in 1991. Noukhayev played a prominent role in the lead-up to the First Chechen War, participating in last-minute negotiations with the Russian government. He later fought in and was wounded in the Battle of Grozny. After the war, Noukhayev continued to play a key role in Chechen politics and set up a holding company, the Caucasian Common Market, which aimed to bring prosperity to Chechnya by building an oil pipeline between Europe and Azerbaijan. But the Second Chechen War ended this initiative.
In the chaos of war-torn Chechnya, many of the insurgent forces turned to criminality in order to raise funds. Kidnapping became a key business for both rebels and local bandits, including Arbi Barayev's Special Purpose Islamic Regiment. In one particularly notorious case, four British engineers were abducted and beheaded. Oil theft and smuggling also became a major source of income. During its brief period of independence, Chechnya quickly fell into anarchy, becoming a major hub for arms trafficking (with a gun market in central Grozny), mobsters using local banks to launder profits from criminal activities, and rival warlords, armed gangs, and Islamist terrorists all fighting each other for control. It was this atmosphere of lawlessness that exacerbated tensions with Russia and helped provide justification for the Second Chechen War.
Connections to the Chechen government
Under the rule of Ramzan Kadyrov, the criminalisation of Chechnya has taken a somewhat different turn to the wartime chaos that preceded it. Government officials have been accused of embezzling billions in state funds from Moscow, turning Chechnya into something of a financial "black hole", as well as demanding kickbacks for construction projects. The Kadyrovtsy are also believed to be responsible for a number of murders and attempted murders, some of them political as in the case of the Yamadayev brothers, and some business-related, such as the attempted hit on banker German Gorbuntsov in London in 2012.
In popular culture
In Eastern Promises (2007), Chechen gangsters seek revenge for the killing of their associate in London.
In the 2008 film The Dark Knight, one of the Gotham City organized crime factions is represented by a figure known as "the Chechen", portrayed by Ritchie Coster. The Chechen has at his command a pair of vicious dogs. The Chechen is later apparently killed on the orders of the Joker (Heath Ledger), who orders him to be cut up and fed to his own dogs. The dogs are later used by the Joker to attack Batman (Christian Bale).
A side-plot of the Russian crime film Brother revolves around a struggle between Chechen and Russian mafia over the control of a market.
Several episodes of Brigada deal with the titular gang's dealings with Chechen militants and organised crime figures.
The Chechen mafia make an appearance in the Frederick Forsyth novel Icon.
Chechen criminal figures make an appearance at the end of The Other Guys.
In the Turkish TV series Valley of the Wolves, Chechen mafia members are seen in the Valley.
In the 2014 film The Drop, the Chechen mafia uses a series of Brooklyn bars to collect illegal money. In this case, the Chechen mafia are represented as the main antagonists of the film and are represented by Chovka Umarov (Michael Aronov).
In the HBO series Barry, the Chechen mafia in Los Angeles is led by Goran Pazar (Glenn Fleshler) and Goran's right-hand man, NoHo Hank (Anthony Carrigan) is one of the main protagonists.
See also
North Caucasus
References
Further reading
Johanna Granville, "Dermokratizatsiya and Prikhvatizatsiya: the Russian Kleptocracy and Rise of Organized Crime", in Demokratizatsiya, vol. 11, no. 3 (summer 2003): 449–457.
Mafia
Organized crime by ethnic or national origin
Transnational organized crime
Organised crime groups in Austria
Organized crime groups in Chechnya
Organized crime groups in France
Organised crime groups in Germany
Organized crime groups in Russia
Organized crime groups in Slovakia
Indigenous gangs
|
3989631
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Coates
|
Ken Coates
|
Kenneth Sidney Coates (16 September 1930 – 27 June 2010) was a British politician and writer. He chaired the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation and edited The Spokesman, the BRPF magazine launched in March 1970. He was a Labour Party Member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 1998 until his expulsion, and then an independent member of GUE/NGL from 1998 to 1999.
Early years
Coates was born in Leek, Staffordshire and was brought up in Worthing, West Sussex. When called up for national service in 1948, Coates chose to become a coal miner rather than be conscripted into the British army to fight in the Malayan Emergency. He later won a scholarship in 1956 to the University of Nottingham and achieved a first in Sociology.
After the war, he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain but left following the breach between Joseph Stalin and Josip Broz Tito, whom he defended. After the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary, Coates and Pat Jordan became the focal point of a group of Marxists with a developing interest in Trotskyism. After attending the fifth world congress of the Fourth International in 1958, of which they were very critical, Coates played a central role in founding the International Group, forerunner of the International Marxist Group.
Coates also played leading roles in the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation (BRPF), the Institute for Workers' Control, and European Nuclear Disarmament. He contested Nottingham South in 1983, but lost by several thousand votes.
European Parliament
From 1989 to 1998 he was a Labour Party member of the European Parliament, and spent five years as President of its Human Rights Subcommittee. In 1998 Coates was expelled from the Labour Party because he left the Party of European Socialists to join the European United Left/Nordic Green Left in the European Parliament, after criticising New Labour's move to the right.
It was while a member of the European Parliament that Coates was in contact with Vadim Zagladin, one of Mikhail Gorbachev's advisors, about the idea of a joint meeting between the European Parliament and the Supreme Soviet. Coates persuaded the European Parliament to explore the possibility of such a joint meeting, as a practical way of exploring Gorbachev's call for a ‘common European home’ and supporting his democratic reforms. Eduard Shevardnadze, the Soviet foreign minister, visited the European Parliament, and said he would be willing to be present at a joint meeting. Coates visited Zagladin in Moscow, who offered a four-point programme of stages for realisation of the Joint Special Session, as it came to be known.
Coates pioneered a number of initiatives to help focus the institutions of European civil society beginning with a very successful Pensioners’ Parliament, and also including a special Parliament of Disabled People, and two Europe-wide conferences of unemployed people. He strongly supported the Delors programme for full employment in Europe, and became rapporteur of the Parliament's Temporary Committee on Employment, which carried two major reports with almost unanimous support of the European Parliament.
Coates was the co-author, with Tony Topham, of the official history of the Transport and General Workers' Union, among numerous other books on poverty, political philosophy, democratic and humanistic socialism, social and economic issues, peace and disarmament as well as on democracy and human rights. His book The Case of Nikolai Bukharin (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1978) is regarded by some to have served as the international basis for the rehabilitation of that Bolshevik leader. He also continued to support the democratic left in Eastern Europe, and was a member of the advisory board of the Novi Plamen magazine.
Coates was special professor in the Department of Adult Education at the University of Nottingham (1990–2004).
Books written or co-written
St Ann's: Poverty, deprivation and morale in a Nottingham Community, with Richard Silburn, University of Nottingham, 1967 & Spokesman 2007
Industrial Democracy in Great Britain, with Tony Topham, MacGibbon & Kee, 1967
The Dirty War in Mr. Wilson, Vietnam Solidarity Campaign, 1967
Workers' Control: A Book of Readings and Witnesses for Workers' Control, , McGibbon and Kee 1968
A Future for British Socialism?, Editor, Centre for Socialist Education, 1968
Can the workers run industry?, Editor, Sphere, 1968
Czechoslovakia and Socialism, Editor, Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, 1969
How and Why Industry Must Be Democratised, with Wyn Williams, Institute for Workers' Control, 1969
The Debate on Workers' Control, Editor and Contributor, Institute for Workers' Control, 1970
Poverty: The Forgotten Englishmen, , Penguin Books 1970 & Spokesman Books 2007
The Crisis of British Socialism, Spokesman Books 1971
Prevent the Crime of Silence, Editor, Allen Lane, 1971
Essays on Industrial Democracy, Spokesman Books, 1971
Essays on Socialist Humanism, Editor, Spokesman, 1971
The New Unionism: the case for worker's control, with Tony Topham, Penguin Books, 1974.
Socialism and the Environment, Editor, Spokesman, 1972
Detente and Socialist Democracy, Editor, Spokesman, 1975
Beyond Wage Slavery, Spokesman, 1977
Democracy in the Labour Party, Spokesman, 1977
The Shop Stewards' Guide to the Bullock Report, with Tony Topham, Spokesman, 1977
The Just Society, Edited with Fred Singleton, Spokesman, 1977
The Right to Useful Work, Editor, with Mike Cooley Spokesman, 1977
The Case of Nikoli Bukharin, Spokesman, 1978
What Went Wrong, Editor, Spokesman, 1979
Trade Unions in Britain, with Tony Topham, , Spokesman, 1980 & Fontana Press, 1988
Beyond the Bulldozer, with Richard Silburn, University of Nottingham, 1980 & , Spokesman 1987
How to Win, Editor, Spokesman, 1981
Work-ins, Sit-ins and Industrial Democracy, Spokesman, 1981
Eleventh Hour for Europe, Editor, Spokesman, 1981
Heresies, Spokesman, 1982
The Social Democrats: Those who went and those who stayed, Spokesman 1983
The Most Dangerous Decade, Spokesman 1984
Trade unions and politics, with Tony Topham, , Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1986
China and the Bomb, Spokesman 1986
Joint Action for Jobs, A New Internationalism, Editor, Spokesman 1986
Perestroika: Global Challenge, Editor, Spokesman 1988
Think Globally, Act Locally, Spokesman 1988
The History of the Transport and General Workers' Union, with Tony Topham, , Basil Blackwell 1991 & Spokesman 1994
Human Rights in the World, Spokesman 1992
A European Recovery Programme: Restoring Full Employment, Edited with Michael Barratt Brown, Spokesman 1993
Common Ownership: Clause Four and the Labour Party, Spokesman 1995
The Right to Work: The Loss of Our First Freedom, Editor, Spokesman 1995
Full Employment for Europe, with Stuart Holland, Spokesman 1995
Dear Commissioner, Spokesman 1996
The Blair Revelation: Deliverance for whom?, with Michael Barratt Brown, Spokesman 1996
Community Under Attack, with Michael Barratt Brown, Spokesman 1997
Full Employment: A European Appeal, Spokesman 1998
Workers' Control: Another World Is Possible, , Spokesman Books 2003
Empire no more, , Spokesman Books 2004
References
External links
A Political Life (Coates interview)
Lifelong Comrade (reflections by John Daniels)
Tributes to Coates published in The Spokesman
Obituary in the Telegraph
Obituary in the Guardian
Stan Newens obituary in the Independent
Giles Oakley obituary in the Independent
1930 births
2010 deaths
Academics of the University of Nottingham
British anti-war activists
British anti–nuclear weapons activists
Scottish Socialist Party MEPs
British humanists
British Marxists
British Trotskyists
International Marxist Group members
Communist Party of Great Britain members
Labour Party (UK) MEPs
People from Leek, Staffordshire
MEPs for England 1989–1994
MEPs for England 1994–1999
Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
People from Worthing
Politicians from Staffordshire
British political party founders
|
3989647
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murong%20Zhong
|
Murong Zhong
|
Murong Zhong (; died 386) was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Western Yan dynasty of China. He was the son of Western Yan's founder, Murong Hong the Prince of Jibei, a son of the Former Yan emperor Murong Jun.
In 386, a year that had already seen four Western Yan rulers killed, Murong Zhong was made emperor by the general Murong Yong after Murong Yong had killed Murong Yao. Murong Zhong made Murong Yong the commander of the armed forces and created him the Duke of Hedong.
At that time, the Western Yan people were on an exodus from Chang'an, the Former Qin capital that they had captured in 385 but abandoned earlier in 386 because they wanted to head east back to their homeland. After Murong Zhong became emperor, his people reached Wenxi (聞喜, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) when they heard that Murong Zhong's granduncle Murong Chui had already established Later Yan as its emperor, and they were hesitant to proceed further, and they built the city of Yanxi (燕熙) at Wenxi to serve as temporary headquarters.
Just three months after he became emperor, Murong Zhong was assassinated in a coup by the general Diao Yun (刁雲), who then supported Murong Yong as the ruler.
Era name
Jianwu (建武 jiàn wǔ) 386
References
Western Yan emperors
386 deaths
Year of birth unknown
|
3989653
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrocometes
|
Dendrocometes
|
Dendrocometes is a genus of suctorian infusoria, characterized by the repeatedly branched attached body; each of the lobes of the body gives off a few retractile tentacles. It is parasitic on the gills of the so-called freshwater shrimp Gammarus pulex.
References
Phyllopharyngea
Ciliate genera
|
3989658
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osc-Dis
|
Osc-Dis
|
Osc-Dis or Oscillator in Distortion is the eighth album by Japanese band The Mad Capsule Markets. It was released in Japan in 1999 and released outside Japan in 2001. Osc-Dis was the band's breakthrough album and finally got them recognized overseas, with the single "Pulse". The album mixes industrial metal, industrial rock and punk rock with various kinds of electronic music. It was more melodic than their previous album and included elements of pop punk. There are vocal contributions from Hirosuke from Balzac, Yamada from Geronimo, and Katsya from NND. This album also saw the birth of the band's mascots The White Crusher and The Cyborn.
The song "Pulse" appears on the in-game soundtrack to Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 and in Jonny Moseley Mad Trix.
Track listing
Other versions include a digipak with a bonus DVD including videos for "Tribe", "Pulse", "All the Time in Sunny Beach", "Good Girl", "MIDI Surf", and "Systematic"
References
The Mad Capsule Markets albums
1999 albums
2001 albums
|
3989663
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaela%20Dorfmeister
|
Michaela Dorfmeister
|
Michaela Dorfmeister (born 25 March 1973) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Austria. Her specialities were both the downhill and the super-G disciplines, although she skied in and had success in giant slalom.
Biography
Born in Vienna, Dorfmeister is the only daughter of a butcher by trade, and lived in Vienna until she was age six. She later studied at the Schladming ski academy, which has produced many of Austria's skiing greats.
Dorfmeister raced her first international season in 1983 and entered her first World Cup race in 1991 at Serre Chevalier coming 26. Her first podium place was in 1995 at the St. Anton downhill which she won. This was followed by a total of 25 victories (7 in downhill, 10 in super-G and 8 in giant slalom)
In 2000, she won the giant slalom World Cup, and in 2002 the overall World Cup. She won two more speciality World Cups, in 2003 (downhill) and 2005 (super-G). At the 2006 Winter Olympics, she won the gold medal in the downhill and super-G races.
Dorfmeister's win in the Hafjell super-G on 3 March 2006 made her the oldest woman to win an World Cup race.
World Cup results
Season titles
Season standings
Race victories
25 wins (7 DH, 10 SG, 8 GS)
64 podiums
World Championship results
Olympic results
References
External links
Michaela Dorfmeister World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation
1973 births
Austrian female alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers of Austria
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Olympic gold medalists for Austria
Olympic silver medalists for Austria
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup champions
Sportspeople from Vienna
Living people
|
3989668
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Watt%20College
|
James Watt College
|
The James Watt College was a further education college in Greenock, Scotland. It is now part of West College Scotland. There were also campuses in Largs and Kilwinning which now form part of Ayrshire College as the result of the merger with Kilmarnock College and Ayr College.
History, facilities
The James Watt Memorial College on the corner of William Street and Dalrymple Street was officially opened as the Watt Memorial Engineering and Navigation School on 1 June 1908. The building was constructed near the site of James Watt's birthplace (which was on the other side of William Street) and was built with funds donated by another famous Scot, Andrew Carnegie, who performed the opening ceremony, unveiling a statue of James Watt that stands prominently in the angle formed at the corner tower. H & D Barclay of Glasgow designed the original red sandstone building in a heavily ornamented Scottish baronial style, The corner is marked by an L-plan tower, the wing to William Street being capped by a crow step gable while the north wing has a conical roofed tower above a balustrade. The Dalrymple Street facade faces north out onto the main A8 road to Glasgow and is capped by a steep sloping roof up to an iron balustrade which protects a flat roof originally used to allow navigation students to take observations of the sun. The west corner features a corbelled corner turret with a conical roof. A later extension in William Street to the south of the tower is in a plainer more modern style. The building is now in use by Inverclyde Council local authority education department as office accommodation.
Over the years, the changing demands of commerce and industry highlighted the need for a new, purpose built College. The college relocated to its present Finnart Street site near Greenock West railway station in 1973, the eight-story main teaching block (by Boissevain and Osmond) dominating the area. The 1970s also witnessed a move away from traditional heavy industries into other areas of commerce and as a result, the college adapted to offer a different education focus.
In the 1990s the college expanded to include campuses on the Greenock waterfront, at Kilwinning in Ayrshire, and at the Inverclyde National Sports Training Centre in Largs. The Ayrshire campuses were demerged to form part of the new Ayrshire College in 2013.
The last (or next to last) principal was Sue Pinder OBE.
Heraldry
The blazon of arms for James Watt College is: Argent, an oak tree on a mount Vert with an open book Or in base; on a chief Azure, a three-masted ship under sail Proper between a fountain and a spiral Argent.
The shield displays two special roundels, the fountain (a roundel barry wavy argent and azure) and the gurges (a roundel double spiral argent and azure).
References and images
External links
Ayrshire College website
West College Scotland website
Educational institutions disestablished in 2013
Further education colleges in Scotland
Buildings and structures in Greenock
College
People educated at James Watt College
2013 disestablishments in Scotland
Education in Inverclyde
Education in North Ayrshire
1908 establishments in Scotland
Educational institutions established in 1908
|
3989682
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliconia%20bihai
|
Heliconia bihai
|
Heliconia bihai (red palulu) of the family Heliconiaceae is an erect herb typically growing taller than 1.5 m. It is native to northern South America and the West Indies. It is especially common in northern Brazil and the Guianas but also found in Hispaniola, Jamaica, the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Venezuela and Colombia. Other names by which the plant is commonly known include balisier and macawflower.
Uses
This plant is used as an ornamental plant in hot regions with a humid climate (USDA zone 9-11), and is typically pollinated by bats and hummingbirds.
This upward facing flower of the genus Heliconia, which acts as a cup, is a natural source of rain water for birds and insects.
Use as a symbol
This plant is used as the symbol to represent the People's National Movement political party of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as by the Martinique Progressive Party (Parti Progressiste Martiniquais) of the French Overseas Department of Martinique, in the West Indies.
References
External links
Heliconia bihai observations on iNaturalist
bihai
Flora of Mexico
Flora of South America
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
|
3989687
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geijer
|
Geijer
|
Geijer is a Swedish surname. People with this surname include:
Agnes Geijer (1898–1989), Swedish historian and archaeologist
Arne Geijer (1910–1979), trade unionist
Erik Gustaf Geijer (1783–1847), writer, composer, and historian
Eric Neville Geijer (1894–1941), herald and genealogist
Lennart Geijer (1909–1999), Minister for Justice
Mona Geijer-Falkner (1887–1973), film actress
Reinhold Geijer (born 1953), banker
Geijer family, Swedish noble family of Austrian origin
See also
C. Geijer & Co, Norwegian company founded in 1869 and sold in 1989
Gayer (surname)
Geier (disambiguation)
Geyer (disambiguation)
Swedish-language surnames
|
3989702
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinodorus%20tunicatus
|
Echinodorus tunicatus
|
Echinodorus tunicatus is a species of aquatic plants in the family Alismataceae.
In Rataj's taxonomy E. tunicatus is in Section Longipetali, Subgenus Echinodorus
Sometimes seen as Queen of Hearts
Description
Leaves upright, up to 90 cm long, blades distinctly cordate, 15 – 30 cm long x 10 – 23 cm wide, petioles glabrous or muricate under the blade. The pellucid lines, visible under magnification, form a network that is unrelated to the pattern of the veins.
Flowering stem tem 70 – 120 cm long, usually straight, cylindrical or costate below, triangular between the whorls. Inflorescence racemose, having 5 - 7 whorls containing 12 - 25 flowers each. Bracts at the base ovate and lengthened to a long point, up to 6 cm long with broad membranous margins. Pedicels 2 – 3 cm long, sepals green, later yellow with about 30 ribs, during ripening enlarging to a length of 10 – 12 mm and fully covering the aggregate fruit. Petals white, 5 – 8 mm long, corolla 1.6 - 1.8 cm in diameter, about 30 stamens. Aggregate fruit 1 - 1.5 cm in diameter, achenes clariform about 3 mm long x 1 mm wide, usually with 3 facial ribs and 3 glands in an oblique row in the upper half of the body. Stylar beak about 1 mm long.
Distribution
Central America. First gathered in Panama in 1908, but now also known from Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Propagated by division or adventitious plantlets.
See also
List of plants of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil
External links
Echinodorus site
tenellus
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Costa Rica
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Ecuador
Flora of Peru
Flora of the Cerrado
|
3989703
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/161%20%28number%29
|
161 (number)
|
161 (one hundred [and] sixty-one) is the natural number following 160 and preceding 162.
In mathematics
161 is the sum of five consecutive prime numbers: 23, 29, 31, 37, and 41
161 is a hexagonal pyramidal number.
161 is a semiprime. Since its prime factors 7 and 23 are both Gaussian primes, 161 is a Blum integer.
161 is a palindromic number
is a commonly used rational approximation of the square root of 5 and is the closest fraction with denominator <300 to that number.
In the military
was a U.S. Navy Type T2 tanker during World War II
was a U.S. Navy during World War II
was a U.S. Navy Trefoil-class concrete barge during World War II
was a U.S. Navy during World War II
was a U.S. Navy during World War II
was a U.S. Navy during World War II
was a U.S. Navy wooden yacht during World War I
was a U.S. Navy during World War II
was a U.S. Navy Achomawi-class fleet ocean tug following World War II
was a U.S. Navy fourth-group S-class submarine between 1920 and 1931
is a fictional U.S. Navy diesel engine submarine featured in the 1996 film Down Periscope
The 161st Intelligence Squadron unit of the Kansas Air National Guard. Its parent unit is the 184th Intelligence Wing
In music
The Bose 161 Speaker System (2001)
The Kay K-161 ThinTwin guitar
In transportation
MTA Maryland commuter bus 161
Seattle Metro bus route 161
New Jersey Bus Route 161
London Bus route 161
In other fields
161 is also:
The year AD 161 or 161 BC
161 AH is a year in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to 777 – 778 CE
The atomic number of an element temporarily called Unhexunium
161 Athor is an M-type Main belt asteroid
E.161 is an ITU-T assigns letters to the 12-key telephone keypad
Fiorina Fury 161 is a foundry facility and penal colony from the film Alien 3
161 is used by Anti Fascist Action as a code for AFA (A=1, F=6, by order of the alphabet), sometimes used in 161>88 (88 is code for Heil Hitler among neo-nazis, as H=8)
See also
Anti-Fascist Action
List of highways numbered 161
United Nations Security Council Resolution 161
United States Supreme Court cases, Volume 161
External links
Number Facts and Trivia: 161
The Number 161
VirtueScience: 161
References
Integers
|
3989711
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganodonta
|
Ganodonta
|
Ganodonta (so named from the presence of bands of enamel on the teeth) were a group of specialized North American Lower and Middle Eocene mammals of uncertain affinity. The group includes Hemiganus, Psittacotherium and Conoryctes from the Puerco, Calamodon and Hemiganus from the Wasatch, and Slylinodon from the Bridger Eocene. With the exception of Conorycles, in which it is longer, the skull is short and suggests affinity to the sloths, as does what little is known of the limb bones.
The dentition, too, is of a type which might well be considered ancestral to that of the Edentata. For instance, the molars when first developed have tritubercular summits, but these soon become worn away, leaving tall columnar crowns, with a subcircular surface of dentine exposed at the summit of each. Moreover, while the earlier types have a comparatively full series of teeth, all of which are rooted and invested with enamel, in the later forms the incisors are lost, and the cheek-teeth never develop roots but grow continuously throughout life.
These and other features induced Dr Jacob Lawson Wortman (1856–1926) to regard the Ganodonta as an ancestral suborder of Edentata; but this view is not accepted by Prof. W. B. Scott. Teeth provisionally assigned to Calamodon have been obtained from the Lower Tertiary deposits of Switzerland.
Eocene mammals
|
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