subset
stringclasses 6
values | context
stringlengths 16
17.7k
| context_tokens
sequence | qid
stringlengths 32
32
| question
stringlengths 1
717
| question_tokens
sequence | detected_answers
sequence | answers
sequencelengths 1
25
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SQuAD | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): "We find limited evidence that substantial deterioration in CMBS [commercial mortgage-backed securities] loan underwriting occurred prior to the crisis." Other analysts support the contention that the crisis in commercial real estate and related lending took place after the crisis in residential real estate. Business journalist Kimberly Amadeo reports: "The first signs of decline in residential real estate occurred in 2006. Three years later, commercial real estate started feeling the effects. Denice A. Gierach, a real estate attorney and CPA, wrote: | {
"tokens": [
"Krugman",
"'s",
"contention",
"(",
"that",
"the",
"growth",
"of",
"a",
"commercial",
"real",
"estate",
"bubble",
"indicates",
"that",
"U.S.",
"housing",
"policy",
"was",
"not",
"the",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"crisis",
")",
"is",
"challenged",
"by",
"additional",
"analysis",
".",
"After",
"researching",
"the",
"default",
"of",
"commercial",
"loans",
"during",
"the",
"financial",
"crisis",
",",
"Xudong",
"An",
"and",
"Anthony",
"B.",
"Sanders",
"reported",
"(",
"in",
"December",
"2010",
")",
":",
"\"",
"We",
"find",
"limited",
"evidence",
"that",
"substantial",
"deterioration",
"in",
"CMBS",
"[",
"commercial",
"mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"securities",
"]",
"loan",
"underwriting",
"occurred",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"crisis",
".",
"\"",
"Other",
"analysts",
"support",
"the",
"contention",
"that",
"the",
"crisis",
"in",
"commercial",
"real",
"estate",
"and",
"related",
"lending",
"took",
"place",
"after",
"the",
"crisis",
"in",
"residential",
"real",
"estate",
".",
"Business",
"journalist",
"Kimberly",
"Amadeo",
"reports",
":",
"\"",
"The",
"first",
"signs",
"of",
"decline",
"in",
"residential",
"real",
"estate",
"occurred",
"in",
"2006",
".",
"Three",
"years",
"later",
",",
"commercial",
"real",
"estate",
"started",
"feeling",
"the",
"effects",
".",
"Denice",
"A.",
"Gierach",
",",
"a",
"real",
"estate",
"attorney",
"and",
"CPA",
",",
"wrote",
":"
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
10,
21,
22,
27,
31,
38,
41,
43,
54,
59,
66,
73,
83,
88,
93,
101,
108,
112,
116,
120,
126,
129,
133,
139,
141,
144,
155,
158,
169,
177,
179,
185,
197,
201,
209,
212,
223,
229,
236,
240,
250,
256,
258,
265,
268,
272,
280,
283,
291,
300,
301,
304,
313,
317,
318,
320,
321,
324,
329,
337,
346,
351,
363,
377,
380,
385,
386,
397,
405,
406,
413,
423,
425,
430,
443,
452,
458,
461,
465,
471,
472,
474,
480,
489,
497,
501,
512,
517,
521,
528,
531,
542,
547,
554,
558,
566,
574,
579,
585,
591,
595,
602,
605,
617,
622,
628,
630,
639,
650,
659,
666,
673,
675,
676,
680,
686,
692,
695,
703,
706,
718,
723,
730,
739,
742,
746,
748,
754,
760,
765,
767,
778,
783,
790,
798,
806,
810,
817,
819,
826,
829,
836,
838,
840,
845,
852,
861,
865,
868,
870,
875
]
} | 86ca47e4ba4a4e30ab8abd3d02f6ce73 | What are CMBS? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"are",
"CMBS",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13
]
} | {
"text": [
"commercial mortgage-backed securities"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
386
],
"end": [
422
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
68
],
"end": [
72
]
}
]
} | [
"commercial mortgage-backed securities"
] |
SQuAD | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): "We find limited evidence that substantial deterioration in CMBS [commercial mortgage-backed securities] loan underwriting occurred prior to the crisis." Other analysts support the contention that the crisis in commercial real estate and related lending took place after the crisis in residential real estate. Business journalist Kimberly Amadeo reports: "The first signs of decline in residential real estate occurred in 2006. Three years later, commercial real estate started feeling the effects. Denice A. Gierach, a real estate attorney and CPA, wrote: | {
"tokens": [
"Krugman",
"'s",
"contention",
"(",
"that",
"the",
"growth",
"of",
"a",
"commercial",
"real",
"estate",
"bubble",
"indicates",
"that",
"U.S.",
"housing",
"policy",
"was",
"not",
"the",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"crisis",
")",
"is",
"challenged",
"by",
"additional",
"analysis",
".",
"After",
"researching",
"the",
"default",
"of",
"commercial",
"loans",
"during",
"the",
"financial",
"crisis",
",",
"Xudong",
"An",
"and",
"Anthony",
"B.",
"Sanders",
"reported",
"(",
"in",
"December",
"2010",
")",
":",
"\"",
"We",
"find",
"limited",
"evidence",
"that",
"substantial",
"deterioration",
"in",
"CMBS",
"[",
"commercial",
"mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"securities",
"]",
"loan",
"underwriting",
"occurred",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"crisis",
".",
"\"",
"Other",
"analysts",
"support",
"the",
"contention",
"that",
"the",
"crisis",
"in",
"commercial",
"real",
"estate",
"and",
"related",
"lending",
"took",
"place",
"after",
"the",
"crisis",
"in",
"residential",
"real",
"estate",
".",
"Business",
"journalist",
"Kimberly",
"Amadeo",
"reports",
":",
"\"",
"The",
"first",
"signs",
"of",
"decline",
"in",
"residential",
"real",
"estate",
"occurred",
"in",
"2006",
".",
"Three",
"years",
"later",
",",
"commercial",
"real",
"estate",
"started",
"feeling",
"the",
"effects",
".",
"Denice",
"A.",
"Gierach",
",",
"a",
"real",
"estate",
"attorney",
"and",
"CPA",
",",
"wrote",
":"
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
10,
21,
22,
27,
31,
38,
41,
43,
54,
59,
66,
73,
83,
88,
93,
101,
108,
112,
116,
120,
126,
129,
133,
139,
141,
144,
155,
158,
169,
177,
179,
185,
197,
201,
209,
212,
223,
229,
236,
240,
250,
256,
258,
265,
268,
272,
280,
283,
291,
300,
301,
304,
313,
317,
318,
320,
321,
324,
329,
337,
346,
351,
363,
377,
380,
385,
386,
397,
405,
406,
413,
423,
425,
430,
443,
452,
458,
461,
465,
471,
472,
474,
480,
489,
497,
501,
512,
517,
521,
528,
531,
542,
547,
554,
558,
566,
574,
579,
585,
591,
595,
602,
605,
617,
622,
628,
630,
639,
650,
659,
666,
673,
675,
676,
680,
686,
692,
695,
703,
706,
718,
723,
730,
739,
742,
746,
748,
754,
760,
765,
767,
778,
783,
790,
798,
806,
810,
817,
819,
826,
829,
836,
838,
840,
845,
852,
861,
865,
868,
870,
875
]
} | bc0a73101c814cc9b77d816b20a7975d | According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate? | {
"tokens": [
"According",
"to",
"most",
"analysts",
",",
"what",
"crisis",
"took",
"place",
"after",
"the",
"crisis",
"in",
"residential",
"real",
"estate",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
18,
26,
28,
33,
40,
45,
51,
57,
61,
68,
71,
83,
88,
94
]
} | {
"text": [
"the crisis in commercial real estate"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
517
],
"end": [
552
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
89
],
"end": [
94
]
}
]
} | [
"the crisis in commercial real estate"
] |
SQuAD | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | {
"tokens": [
"Wieman",
"'s",
"words",
"proved",
"prophetic",
".",
"Though",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"\"",
"arguably",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"single",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"twentieth",
"century",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"and",
"little",
"-",
"understood",
",",
"partly",
"because",
"it",
"demands",
"–",
"as",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"puts",
"it",
"–",
"\"",
"that",
"its",
"readers",
"accept",
"the",
"adventure",
"of",
"the",
"questions",
"that",
"will",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"every",
"consensus",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"questioned",
"western",
"philosophy",
"'s",
"most",
"dearly",
"held",
"assumptions",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"universe",
"works",
",",
"but",
"in",
"doing",
"so",
"he",
"managed",
"to",
"anticipate",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"21st",
"century",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"and",
"provide",
"novel",
"solutions",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
15,
22,
31,
33,
40,
48,
52,
60,
64,
69,
76,
77,
86,
90,
95,
106,
113,
126,
131,
134,
138,
148,
155,
156,
158,
161,
165,
170,
176,
177,
182,
186,
192,
193,
203,
205,
212,
220,
223,
231,
233,
236,
245,
254,
259,
262,
264,
265,
270,
274,
282,
289,
293,
303,
306,
310,
320,
325,
330,
339,
344,
349,
355,
364,
365,
367,
377,
388,
396,
406,
409,
414,
421,
426,
438,
444,
448,
452,
461,
466,
468,
472,
475,
481,
484,
487,
495,
498,
509,
511,
518,
521,
526,
534,
545,
549,
563,
572,
576,
584,
590,
599
]
} | edafb7eb6f2948e8b83d152afc79b5b0 | How has "Process and Reality" been described? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"has",
"\"",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"\"",
"been",
"described",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
9,
17,
21,
28,
30,
35,
44
]
} | {
"text": [
"\"arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century,\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
76
],
"end": [
156
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
13
],
"end": [
26
]
}
]
} | [
"\"arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century,\""
] |
SQuAD | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | {
"tokens": [
"Wieman",
"'s",
"words",
"proved",
"prophetic",
".",
"Though",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"\"",
"arguably",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"single",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"twentieth",
"century",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"and",
"little",
"-",
"understood",
",",
"partly",
"because",
"it",
"demands",
"–",
"as",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"puts",
"it",
"–",
"\"",
"that",
"its",
"readers",
"accept",
"the",
"adventure",
"of",
"the",
"questions",
"that",
"will",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"every",
"consensus",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"questioned",
"western",
"philosophy",
"'s",
"most",
"dearly",
"held",
"assumptions",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"universe",
"works",
",",
"but",
"in",
"doing",
"so",
"he",
"managed",
"to",
"anticipate",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"21st",
"century",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"and",
"provide",
"novel",
"solutions",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
15,
22,
31,
33,
40,
48,
52,
60,
64,
69,
76,
77,
86,
90,
95,
106,
113,
126,
131,
134,
138,
148,
155,
156,
158,
161,
165,
170,
176,
177,
182,
186,
192,
193,
203,
205,
212,
220,
223,
231,
233,
236,
245,
254,
259,
262,
264,
265,
270,
274,
282,
289,
293,
303,
306,
310,
320,
325,
330,
339,
344,
349,
355,
364,
365,
367,
377,
388,
396,
406,
409,
414,
421,
426,
438,
444,
448,
452,
461,
466,
468,
472,
475,
481,
484,
487,
495,
498,
509,
511,
518,
521,
526,
534,
545,
549,
563,
572,
576,
584,
590,
599
]
} | 5b7f6816c00b48c8829a395aeed308b6 | What did Isabelle Stengers say is the reason that "Process and Reality" is not commonly read and understood? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"did",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"say",
"is",
"the",
"reason",
"that",
"\"",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"\"",
"is",
"not",
"commonly",
"read",
"and",
"understood",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
18,
27,
31,
34,
38,
45,
50,
51,
59,
63,
70,
72,
75,
79,
88,
93,
97,
107
]
} | {
"text": [
"it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – \"that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus.\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
220
],
"end": [
365
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
40
],
"end": [
67
]
}
]
} | [
"it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – \"that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus.\""
] |
SQuAD | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | {
"tokens": [
"Wieman",
"'s",
"words",
"proved",
"prophetic",
".",
"Though",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"\"",
"arguably",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"single",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"twentieth",
"century",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"and",
"little",
"-",
"understood",
",",
"partly",
"because",
"it",
"demands",
"–",
"as",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"puts",
"it",
"–",
"\"",
"that",
"its",
"readers",
"accept",
"the",
"adventure",
"of",
"the",
"questions",
"that",
"will",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"every",
"consensus",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"questioned",
"western",
"philosophy",
"'s",
"most",
"dearly",
"held",
"assumptions",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"universe",
"works",
",",
"but",
"in",
"doing",
"so",
"he",
"managed",
"to",
"anticipate",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"21st",
"century",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"and",
"provide",
"novel",
"solutions",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
15,
22,
31,
33,
40,
48,
52,
60,
64,
69,
76,
77,
86,
90,
95,
106,
113,
126,
131,
134,
138,
148,
155,
156,
158,
161,
165,
170,
176,
177,
182,
186,
192,
193,
203,
205,
212,
220,
223,
231,
233,
236,
245,
254,
259,
262,
264,
265,
270,
274,
282,
289,
293,
303,
306,
310,
320,
325,
330,
339,
344,
349,
355,
364,
365,
367,
377,
388,
396,
406,
409,
414,
421,
426,
438,
444,
448,
452,
461,
466,
468,
472,
475,
481,
484,
487,
495,
498,
509,
511,
518,
521,
526,
534,
545,
549,
563,
572,
576,
584,
590,
599
]
} | c8facbb9cc334b9fb116f122a0a69b0c | What effect did Whitehead have on the future of metaphysics? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"effect",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"have",
"on",
"the",
"future",
"of",
"metaphysics",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
16,
26,
31,
34,
38,
45,
48,
59
]
} | {
"text": [
"he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions."
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
484
],
"end": [
599
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
87
],
"end": [
104
]
}
]
} | [
"he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions."
] |
SQuAD | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | {
"tokens": [
"Wieman",
"'s",
"words",
"proved",
"prophetic",
".",
"Though",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"\"",
"arguably",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"single",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"twentieth",
"century",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"and",
"little",
"-",
"understood",
",",
"partly",
"because",
"it",
"demands",
"–",
"as",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"puts",
"it",
"–",
"\"",
"that",
"its",
"readers",
"accept",
"the",
"adventure",
"of",
"the",
"questions",
"that",
"will",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"every",
"consensus",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"questioned",
"western",
"philosophy",
"'s",
"most",
"dearly",
"held",
"assumptions",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"universe",
"works",
",",
"but",
"in",
"doing",
"so",
"he",
"managed",
"to",
"anticipate",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"21st",
"century",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"and",
"provide",
"novel",
"solutions",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
15,
22,
31,
33,
40,
48,
52,
60,
64,
69,
76,
77,
86,
90,
95,
106,
113,
126,
131,
134,
138,
148,
155,
156,
158,
161,
165,
170,
176,
177,
182,
186,
192,
193,
203,
205,
212,
220,
223,
231,
233,
236,
245,
254,
259,
262,
264,
265,
270,
274,
282,
289,
293,
303,
306,
310,
320,
325,
330,
339,
344,
349,
355,
364,
365,
367,
377,
388,
396,
406,
409,
414,
421,
426,
438,
444,
448,
452,
461,
466,
468,
472,
475,
481,
484,
487,
495,
498,
509,
511,
518,
521,
526,
534,
545,
549,
563,
572,
576,
584,
590,
599
]
} | 5d5efc3eec214f28a3a8719a913b69ea | Which publication is considered the most impressive metaphysical text? | {
"tokens": [
"Which",
"publication",
"is",
"considered",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
18,
21,
32,
36,
41,
52,
65,
69
]
} | {
"text": [
"Process and Reality"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
40
],
"end": [
58
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
7
],
"end": [
9
]
}
]
} | [
"Process and Reality"
] |
SQuAD | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | {
"tokens": [
"Wieman",
"'s",
"words",
"proved",
"prophetic",
".",
"Though",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"\"",
"arguably",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"single",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"twentieth",
"century",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"and",
"little",
"-",
"understood",
",",
"partly",
"because",
"it",
"demands",
"–",
"as",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"puts",
"it",
"–",
"\"",
"that",
"its",
"readers",
"accept",
"the",
"adventure",
"of",
"the",
"questions",
"that",
"will",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"every",
"consensus",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"questioned",
"western",
"philosophy",
"'s",
"most",
"dearly",
"held",
"assumptions",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"universe",
"works",
",",
"but",
"in",
"doing",
"so",
"he",
"managed",
"to",
"anticipate",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"21st",
"century",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"and",
"provide",
"novel",
"solutions",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
15,
22,
31,
33,
40,
48,
52,
60,
64,
69,
76,
77,
86,
90,
95,
106,
113,
126,
131,
134,
138,
148,
155,
156,
158,
161,
165,
170,
176,
177,
182,
186,
192,
193,
203,
205,
212,
220,
223,
231,
233,
236,
245,
254,
259,
262,
264,
265,
270,
274,
282,
289,
293,
303,
306,
310,
320,
325,
330,
339,
344,
349,
355,
364,
365,
367,
377,
388,
396,
406,
409,
414,
421,
426,
438,
444,
448,
452,
461,
466,
468,
472,
475,
481,
484,
487,
495,
498,
509,
511,
518,
521,
526,
534,
545,
549,
563,
572,
576,
584,
590,
599
]
} | 6c58892469fb4751bc406a7fdce79596 | Who thought Process and Reality was little-read because the reader has to separate them from normal thought? | {
"tokens": [
"Who",
"thought",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"was",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"because",
"the",
"reader",
"has",
"to",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"normal",
"thought",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
12,
20,
24,
32,
36,
42,
43,
48,
56,
60,
67,
71,
74,
83,
88,
93,
100,
107
]
} | {
"text": [
"Isabelle Stengers"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
236
],
"end": [
252
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
44
],
"end": [
45
]
}
]
} | [
"Isabelle Stengers"
] |
SQuAD | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | {
"tokens": [
"Wieman",
"'s",
"words",
"proved",
"prophetic",
".",
"Though",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"\"",
"arguably",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"single",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"twentieth",
"century",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"and",
"little",
"-",
"understood",
",",
"partly",
"because",
"it",
"demands",
"–",
"as",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"puts",
"it",
"–",
"\"",
"that",
"its",
"readers",
"accept",
"the",
"adventure",
"of",
"the",
"questions",
"that",
"will",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"every",
"consensus",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"questioned",
"western",
"philosophy",
"'s",
"most",
"dearly",
"held",
"assumptions",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"universe",
"works",
",",
"but",
"in",
"doing",
"so",
"he",
"managed",
"to",
"anticipate",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"21st",
"century",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"and",
"provide",
"novel",
"solutions",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
15,
22,
31,
33,
40,
48,
52,
60,
64,
69,
76,
77,
86,
90,
95,
106,
113,
126,
131,
134,
138,
148,
155,
156,
158,
161,
165,
170,
176,
177,
182,
186,
192,
193,
203,
205,
212,
220,
223,
231,
233,
236,
245,
254,
259,
262,
264,
265,
270,
274,
282,
289,
293,
303,
306,
310,
320,
325,
330,
339,
344,
349,
355,
364,
365,
367,
377,
388,
396,
406,
409,
414,
421,
426,
438,
444,
448,
452,
461,
466,
468,
472,
475,
481,
484,
487,
495,
498,
509,
511,
518,
521,
526,
534,
545,
549,
563,
572,
576,
584,
590,
599
]
} | 2bb0a1025b274c3f9257fb2f14ab1696 | What philosophy in the west was challenged by Whitehead? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"philosophy",
"in",
"the",
"west",
"was",
"challenged",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
16,
19,
23,
28,
32,
43,
46,
55
]
} | {
"text": [
"how the universe works"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
444
],
"end": [
465
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
78
],
"end": [
81
]
}
]
} | [
"how the universe works"
] |
SQuAD | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | {
"tokens": [
"Wieman",
"'s",
"words",
"proved",
"prophetic",
".",
"Though",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"\"",
"arguably",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"single",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"twentieth",
"century",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"and",
"little",
"-",
"understood",
",",
"partly",
"because",
"it",
"demands",
"–",
"as",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"puts",
"it",
"–",
"\"",
"that",
"its",
"readers",
"accept",
"the",
"adventure",
"of",
"the",
"questions",
"that",
"will",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"every",
"consensus",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"questioned",
"western",
"philosophy",
"'s",
"most",
"dearly",
"held",
"assumptions",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"universe",
"works",
",",
"but",
"in",
"doing",
"so",
"he",
"managed",
"to",
"anticipate",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"21st",
"century",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"and",
"provide",
"novel",
"solutions",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
15,
22,
31,
33,
40,
48,
52,
60,
64,
69,
76,
77,
86,
90,
95,
106,
113,
126,
131,
134,
138,
148,
155,
156,
158,
161,
165,
170,
176,
177,
182,
186,
192,
193,
203,
205,
212,
220,
223,
231,
233,
236,
245,
254,
259,
262,
264,
265,
270,
274,
282,
289,
293,
303,
306,
310,
320,
325,
330,
339,
344,
349,
355,
364,
365,
367,
377,
388,
396,
406,
409,
414,
421,
426,
438,
444,
448,
452,
461,
466,
468,
472,
475,
481,
484,
487,
495,
498,
509,
511,
518,
521,
526,
534,
545,
549,
563,
572,
576,
584,
590,
599
]
} | 4d90b99b0ef848788208168f4a5e76ae | What was Whitehead's philosophy able to anticipate for the 21st century? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophy",
"able",
"to",
"anticipate",
"for",
"the",
"21st",
"century",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
18,
21,
32,
37,
40,
51,
55,
59,
64,
71
]
} | {
"text": [
"scientific and philosophical problems"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
534
],
"end": [
570
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
96
],
"end": [
99
]
}
]
} | [
"scientific and philosophical problems"
] |
SQuAD | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | {
"tokens": [
"Wieman",
"'s",
"words",
"proved",
"prophetic",
".",
"Though",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"\"",
"arguably",
"the",
"most",
"impressive",
"single",
"metaphysical",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"twentieth",
"century",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"little",
"-",
"read",
"and",
"little",
"-",
"understood",
",",
"partly",
"because",
"it",
"demands",
"–",
"as",
"Isabelle",
"Stengers",
"puts",
"it",
"–",
"\"",
"that",
"its",
"readers",
"accept",
"the",
"adventure",
"of",
"the",
"questions",
"that",
"will",
"separate",
"them",
"from",
"every",
"consensus",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"questioned",
"western",
"philosophy",
"'s",
"most",
"dearly",
"held",
"assumptions",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"universe",
"works",
",",
"but",
"in",
"doing",
"so",
"he",
"managed",
"to",
"anticipate",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"21st",
"century",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"and",
"provide",
"novel",
"solutions",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
15,
22,
31,
33,
40,
48,
52,
60,
64,
69,
76,
77,
86,
90,
95,
106,
113,
126,
131,
134,
138,
148,
155,
156,
158,
161,
165,
170,
176,
177,
182,
186,
192,
193,
203,
205,
212,
220,
223,
231,
233,
236,
245,
254,
259,
262,
264,
265,
270,
274,
282,
289,
293,
303,
306,
310,
320,
325,
330,
339,
344,
349,
355,
364,
365,
367,
377,
388,
396,
406,
409,
414,
421,
426,
438,
444,
448,
452,
461,
466,
468,
472,
475,
481,
484,
487,
495,
498,
509,
511,
518,
521,
526,
534,
545,
549,
563,
572,
576,
584,
590,
599
]
} | 639b3dbcb1cf45c7a66425c5125feee2 | What was the outcome of anticipating the scientific and philosophical problems Whitehead proposed? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"outcome",
"of",
"anticipating",
"the",
"scientific",
"and",
"philosophical",
"problems",
"Whitehead",
"proposed",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
21,
24,
37,
41,
52,
56,
70,
79,
89,
97
]
} | {
"text": [
"novel solutions"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
584
],
"end": [
598
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
102
],
"end": [
103
]
}
]
} | [
"novel solutions"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | 4f989d36e5a84d5ba2b7b8062281cb46 | What affect did Matthews' opinion of the difficulty of Whitehead's works have on his interest in them? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"affect",
"did",
"Matthews",
"'",
"opinion",
"of",
"the",
"difficulty",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"works",
"have",
"on",
"his",
"interest",
"in",
"them",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
16,
24,
26,
34,
37,
41,
52,
55,
64,
67,
73,
78,
81,
85,
94,
97,
101
]
} | {
"text": [
"Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
9
],
"end": [
90
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
2
],
"end": [
14
]
}
]
} | [
"Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | 70226c31cd70406f97940bc61db8d064 | How did many philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School view Whitehead's work? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"did",
"many",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"view",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"work",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
13,
26,
30,
42,
45,
52,
55,
64,
71,
76,
85,
88,
92
]
} | {
"text": [
"perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
185
],
"end": [
295
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
31
],
"end": [
47
]
}
]
} | [
"perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | 3b82d375a2684c8f8abb993f256cb527 | What expert on Whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to explain Whitehead's ideas? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"expert",
"on",
"Whitehead",
"delivered",
"a",
"lecture",
"at",
"the",
"school",
"to",
"explain",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"ideas",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
15,
25,
35,
37,
45,
48,
52,
59,
62,
70,
79,
82,
87
]
} | {
"text": [
"Henry Nelson Wieman"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
361
],
"end": [
379
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
61
],
"end": [
63
]
}
]
} | [
"Henry Nelson Wieman"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | 07a8a8a800384c099955d535a1024503 | What was the result of that lecture? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"result",
"of",
"that",
"lecture",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
20,
23,
28,
35
]
} | {
"text": [
"Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
444
],
"end": [
552
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
76
],
"end": [
95
]
}
]
} | [
"Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | 26636b1880454fcdb9d12924daf0e01c | Who was frustrated in Whitehead's books but still interested? | {
"tokens": [
"Who",
"was",
"frustrated",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"but",
"still",
"interested",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
19,
22,
31,
34,
40,
44,
50,
60
]
} | {
"text": [
"Mathews"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
9
],
"end": [
15
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
2
],
"end": [
2
]
}
]
} | [
"Mathews"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | 80ba80b6020e4200bd629b41c2403953 | What school recognized the importance of Whitehead's work? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"school",
"recognized",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"work",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
23,
27,
38,
41,
50,
53,
57
]
} | {
"text": [
"Chicago's Divinity School"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
154
],
"end": [
178
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
26
],
"end": [
29
]
}
]
} | [
"Chicago's Divinity School"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | ba387e53eafc4268962dcdcc74b1312b | When was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to the Chicago Divinity school? | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"was",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"invited",
"to",
"the",
"Chicago",
"Divinity",
"school",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
15,
22,
29,
37,
40,
44,
52,
61,
67
]
} | {
"text": [
"1927"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
301
],
"end": [
304
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
50
],
"end": [
50
]
}
]
} | [
"1927"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | aa51b1098d344409a42e3a1603199a2a | Who was invited to the Chicago Divinity school as one of Whitehead's only experts? | {
"tokens": [
"Who",
"was",
"invited",
"to",
"the",
"Chicago",
"Divinity",
"school",
"as",
"one",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"only",
"experts",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
16,
19,
23,
31,
40,
47,
50,
54,
57,
66,
69,
74,
81
]
} | {
"text": [
"Henry Nelson Wieman"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
361
],
"end": [
379
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
61
],
"end": [
63
]
}
]
} | [
"Henry Nelson Wieman"
] |
SQuAD | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought. | {
"tokens": [
"However",
",",
"Mathews",
"'",
"frustration",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"books",
"did",
"not",
"negatively",
"affect",
"his",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"there",
"were",
"numerous",
"philosophers",
"and",
"theologians",
"at",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"that",
"perceived",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"doing",
"without",
"fully",
"grasping",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"details",
"and",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"1927",
"they",
"invited",
"one",
"of",
"America",
"'s",
"only",
"Whitehead",
"experts",
"–",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"–",
"to",
"Chicago",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"lecture",
"explaining",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
".",
"Wieman",
"'s",
"lecture",
"was",
"so",
"brilliant",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"promptly",
"hired",
"to",
"the",
"faculty",
"and",
"taught",
"there",
"for",
"twenty",
"years",
",",
"and",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"thirty",
"years",
"afterward",
"Chicago",
"'s",
"Divinity",
"School",
"was",
"closely",
"associated",
"with",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
53,
57,
61,
72,
79,
83,
91,
93,
96,
100,
102,
108,
113,
122,
135,
139,
151,
154,
161,
164,
173,
180,
185,
195,
199,
210,
213,
218,
228,
232,
238,
246,
252,
261,
265,
268,
272,
280,
284,
296,
298,
301,
306,
311,
319,
323,
326,
333,
336,
341,
351,
359,
361,
367,
374,
381,
383,
386,
394,
397,
402,
404,
412,
423,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
453,
461,
465,
468,
478,
483,
486,
490,
499,
505,
508,
512,
520,
524,
531,
537,
541,
548,
553,
555,
559,
563,
566,
572,
579,
585,
595,
602,
605,
614,
621,
625,
633,
644,
649,
658,
661,
668
]
} | d6c5ef4282a64fbcb79966fd1afd2fa7 | What happened after Henry Nelson Wieman gave a lecture about Whitehead? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"happened",
"after",
"Henry",
"Nelson",
"Wieman",
"gave",
"a",
"lecture",
"about",
"Whitehead",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
14,
20,
26,
33,
40,
45,
47,
55,
61,
70
]
} | {
"text": [
"hired"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
499
],
"end": [
503
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
86
],
"end": [
86
]
}
]
} | [
"hired"
] |
SQuAD | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings, proposes that Einstein's work does not actually refute Whitehead's formulation. Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves. They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes. Consequently, Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation, and his assumption of a uniform spatio-temporal geometry, Minkowskian in particular, as an often-locally-adequate approximation. An exact replacement of Whitehead's cosmology would need to admit a Riemannian geometry. Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field. Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"physics",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
".",
"He",
"articulated",
"a",
"view",
"that",
"might",
"perhaps",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"dual",
"to",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"general",
"relativity",
",",
"see",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"theory",
"of",
"gravitation",
".",
"It",
"has",
"been",
"severely",
"criticized",
".",
"Yutaka",
"Tanaka",
",",
"who",
"suggests",
"that",
"the",
"gravitational",
"constant",
"disagrees",
"with",
"experimental",
"findings",
",",
"proposes",
"that",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"work",
"does",
"not",
"actually",
"refute",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"formulation",
".",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
"has",
"now",
"been",
"rendered",
"obsolete",
",",
"with",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"gravitational",
"waves",
".",
"They",
"are",
"phenonena",
"observed",
"locally",
"that",
"largely",
"violate",
"the",
"kind",
"of",
"local",
"flatness",
"of",
"space",
"that",
"Whitehead",
"assumes",
".",
"Consequently",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"must",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"a",
"local",
"approximation",
",",
"and",
"his",
"assumption",
"of",
"a",
"uniform",
"spatio",
"-",
"temporal",
"geometry",
",",
"Minkowskian",
"in",
"particular",
",",
"as",
"an",
"often",
"-",
"locally",
"-",
"adequate",
"approximation",
".",
"An",
"exact",
"replacement",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"would",
"need",
"to",
"admit",
"a",
"Riemannian",
"geometry",
".",
"Also",
",",
"although",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
"gave",
"only",
"secondary",
"consideration",
"to",
"quantum",
"theory",
",",
"his",
"metaphysics",
"of",
"processes",
"has",
"proved",
"attractive",
"to",
"some",
"physicists",
"in",
"that",
"field",
".",
"Henry",
"Stapp",
"and",
"David",
"Bohm",
"are",
"among",
"those",
"whose",
"work",
"has",
"been",
"influenced",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
10,
12,
21,
24,
32,
36,
40,
45,
54,
56,
59,
71,
73,
78,
83,
89,
97,
100,
109,
112,
117,
120,
128,
131,
139,
149,
151,
155,
164,
167,
174,
177,
188,
190,
193,
197,
202,
211,
221,
223,
230,
236,
238,
242,
251,
256,
260,
274,
283,
293,
298,
311,
319,
321,
330,
335,
343,
346,
351,
356,
360,
369,
376,
385,
388,
399,
401,
410,
413,
418,
422,
426,
431,
440,
448,
450,
455,
459,
469,
472,
486,
491,
493,
498,
502,
512,
521,
529,
534,
542,
550,
554,
559,
562,
568,
577,
580,
586,
591,
601,
608,
610,
622,
624,
633,
636,
646,
651,
654,
663,
666,
668,
674,
687,
689,
693,
697,
708,
711,
713,
721,
727,
728,
737,
745,
747,
759,
762,
772,
774,
777,
780,
785,
786,
793,
794,
803,
816,
818,
821,
827,
839,
842,
851,
854,
864,
870,
875,
878,
884,
886,
897,
905,
907,
911,
913,
922,
932,
940,
945,
950,
960,
974,
977,
985,
991,
993,
997,
1009,
1012,
1022,
1026,
1033,
1044,
1047,
1052,
1063,
1066,
1071,
1076,
1078,
1084,
1090,
1094,
1100,
1105,
1109,
1115,
1121,
1127,
1132,
1136,
1141,
1152,
1155,
1164
]
} | 0ddee0c1be5b4028983a71caf3b48219 | How was Whitehead's theory of gravitation received? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"was",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"theory",
"of",
"gravitation",
"received",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
17,
20,
27,
30,
42,
50
]
} | {
"text": [
"It has been severely criticized"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
190
],
"end": [
220
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
35
],
"end": [
39
]
}
]
} | [
"It has been severely criticized"
] |
SQuAD | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings, proposes that Einstein's work does not actually refute Whitehead's formulation. Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves. They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes. Consequently, Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation, and his assumption of a uniform spatio-temporal geometry, Minkowskian in particular, as an often-locally-adequate approximation. An exact replacement of Whitehead's cosmology would need to admit a Riemannian geometry. Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field. Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"physics",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
".",
"He",
"articulated",
"a",
"view",
"that",
"might",
"perhaps",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"dual",
"to",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"general",
"relativity",
",",
"see",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"theory",
"of",
"gravitation",
".",
"It",
"has",
"been",
"severely",
"criticized",
".",
"Yutaka",
"Tanaka",
",",
"who",
"suggests",
"that",
"the",
"gravitational",
"constant",
"disagrees",
"with",
"experimental",
"findings",
",",
"proposes",
"that",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"work",
"does",
"not",
"actually",
"refute",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"formulation",
".",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
"has",
"now",
"been",
"rendered",
"obsolete",
",",
"with",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"gravitational",
"waves",
".",
"They",
"are",
"phenonena",
"observed",
"locally",
"that",
"largely",
"violate",
"the",
"kind",
"of",
"local",
"flatness",
"of",
"space",
"that",
"Whitehead",
"assumes",
".",
"Consequently",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"must",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"a",
"local",
"approximation",
",",
"and",
"his",
"assumption",
"of",
"a",
"uniform",
"spatio",
"-",
"temporal",
"geometry",
",",
"Minkowskian",
"in",
"particular",
",",
"as",
"an",
"often",
"-",
"locally",
"-",
"adequate",
"approximation",
".",
"An",
"exact",
"replacement",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"would",
"need",
"to",
"admit",
"a",
"Riemannian",
"geometry",
".",
"Also",
",",
"although",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
"gave",
"only",
"secondary",
"consideration",
"to",
"quantum",
"theory",
",",
"his",
"metaphysics",
"of",
"processes",
"has",
"proved",
"attractive",
"to",
"some",
"physicists",
"in",
"that",
"field",
".",
"Henry",
"Stapp",
"and",
"David",
"Bohm",
"are",
"among",
"those",
"whose",
"work",
"has",
"been",
"influenced",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
10,
12,
21,
24,
32,
36,
40,
45,
54,
56,
59,
71,
73,
78,
83,
89,
97,
100,
109,
112,
117,
120,
128,
131,
139,
149,
151,
155,
164,
167,
174,
177,
188,
190,
193,
197,
202,
211,
221,
223,
230,
236,
238,
242,
251,
256,
260,
274,
283,
293,
298,
311,
319,
321,
330,
335,
343,
346,
351,
356,
360,
369,
376,
385,
388,
399,
401,
410,
413,
418,
422,
426,
431,
440,
448,
450,
455,
459,
469,
472,
486,
491,
493,
498,
502,
512,
521,
529,
534,
542,
550,
554,
559,
562,
568,
577,
580,
586,
591,
601,
608,
610,
622,
624,
633,
636,
646,
651,
654,
663,
666,
668,
674,
687,
689,
693,
697,
708,
711,
713,
721,
727,
728,
737,
745,
747,
759,
762,
772,
774,
777,
780,
785,
786,
793,
794,
803,
816,
818,
821,
827,
839,
842,
851,
854,
864,
870,
875,
878,
884,
886,
897,
905,
907,
911,
913,
922,
932,
940,
945,
950,
960,
974,
977,
985,
991,
993,
997,
1009,
1012,
1022,
1026,
1033,
1044,
1047,
1052,
1063,
1066,
1071,
1076,
1078,
1084,
1090,
1094,
1100,
1105,
1109,
1115,
1121,
1127,
1132,
1136,
1141,
1152,
1155,
1164
]
} | aac0d8359aa5495cb8f2a5d1f2a3be99 | What physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by Whitehead? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"physicists",
"in",
"the",
"field",
"of",
"quantum",
"theory",
"have",
"been",
"influenced",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
16,
19,
23,
29,
32,
40,
47,
52,
57,
68,
71,
80
]
} | {
"text": [
"Henry Stapp and David Bohm"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
1078
],
"end": [
1103
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
182
],
"end": [
186
]
}
]
} | [
"Henry Stapp and David Bohm"
] |
SQuAD | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings, proposes that Einstein's work does not actually refute Whitehead's formulation. Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves. They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes. Consequently, Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation, and his assumption of a uniform spatio-temporal geometry, Minkowskian in particular, as an often-locally-adequate approximation. An exact replacement of Whitehead's cosmology would need to admit a Riemannian geometry. Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field. Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"physics",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
".",
"He",
"articulated",
"a",
"view",
"that",
"might",
"perhaps",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"dual",
"to",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"general",
"relativity",
",",
"see",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"theory",
"of",
"gravitation",
".",
"It",
"has",
"been",
"severely",
"criticized",
".",
"Yutaka",
"Tanaka",
",",
"who",
"suggests",
"that",
"the",
"gravitational",
"constant",
"disagrees",
"with",
"experimental",
"findings",
",",
"proposes",
"that",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"work",
"does",
"not",
"actually",
"refute",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"formulation",
".",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
"has",
"now",
"been",
"rendered",
"obsolete",
",",
"with",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"gravitational",
"waves",
".",
"They",
"are",
"phenonena",
"observed",
"locally",
"that",
"largely",
"violate",
"the",
"kind",
"of",
"local",
"flatness",
"of",
"space",
"that",
"Whitehead",
"assumes",
".",
"Consequently",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"must",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"a",
"local",
"approximation",
",",
"and",
"his",
"assumption",
"of",
"a",
"uniform",
"spatio",
"-",
"temporal",
"geometry",
",",
"Minkowskian",
"in",
"particular",
",",
"as",
"an",
"often",
"-",
"locally",
"-",
"adequate",
"approximation",
".",
"An",
"exact",
"replacement",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"would",
"need",
"to",
"admit",
"a",
"Riemannian",
"geometry",
".",
"Also",
",",
"although",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
"gave",
"only",
"secondary",
"consideration",
"to",
"quantum",
"theory",
",",
"his",
"metaphysics",
"of",
"processes",
"has",
"proved",
"attractive",
"to",
"some",
"physicists",
"in",
"that",
"field",
".",
"Henry",
"Stapp",
"and",
"David",
"Bohm",
"are",
"among",
"those",
"whose",
"work",
"has",
"been",
"influenced",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
10,
12,
21,
24,
32,
36,
40,
45,
54,
56,
59,
71,
73,
78,
83,
89,
97,
100,
109,
112,
117,
120,
128,
131,
139,
149,
151,
155,
164,
167,
174,
177,
188,
190,
193,
197,
202,
211,
221,
223,
230,
236,
238,
242,
251,
256,
260,
274,
283,
293,
298,
311,
319,
321,
330,
335,
343,
346,
351,
356,
360,
369,
376,
385,
388,
399,
401,
410,
413,
418,
422,
426,
431,
440,
448,
450,
455,
459,
469,
472,
486,
491,
493,
498,
502,
512,
521,
529,
534,
542,
550,
554,
559,
562,
568,
577,
580,
586,
591,
601,
608,
610,
622,
624,
633,
636,
646,
651,
654,
663,
666,
668,
674,
687,
689,
693,
697,
708,
711,
713,
721,
727,
728,
737,
745,
747,
759,
762,
772,
774,
777,
780,
785,
786,
793,
794,
803,
816,
818,
821,
827,
839,
842,
851,
854,
864,
870,
875,
878,
884,
886,
897,
905,
907,
911,
913,
922,
932,
940,
945,
950,
960,
974,
977,
985,
991,
993,
997,
1009,
1012,
1022,
1026,
1033,
1044,
1047,
1052,
1063,
1066,
1071,
1076,
1078,
1084,
1090,
1094,
1100,
1105,
1109,
1115,
1121,
1127,
1132,
1136,
1141,
1152,
1155,
1164
]
} | 0f2985adf1f7424cb86c3a63cea990f2 | What affect did the discovery of gravitational waves have on Whitehead's theory? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"affect",
" ",
"did",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"gravitational",
"waves",
"have",
"on",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"theory",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
13,
17,
21,
31,
34,
48,
54,
59,
62,
71,
74,
80
]
} | {
"text": [
"Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
401
],
"end": [
490
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
68
],
"end": [
82
]
}
]
} | [
"Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves"
] |
SQuAD | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings, proposes that Einstein's work does not actually refute Whitehead's formulation. Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves. They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes. Consequently, Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation, and his assumption of a uniform spatio-temporal geometry, Minkowskian in particular, as an often-locally-adequate approximation. An exact replacement of Whitehead's cosmology would need to admit a Riemannian geometry. Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field. Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"physics",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
".",
"He",
"articulated",
"a",
"view",
"that",
"might",
"perhaps",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"dual",
"to",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"general",
"relativity",
",",
"see",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"theory",
"of",
"gravitation",
".",
"It",
"has",
"been",
"severely",
"criticized",
".",
"Yutaka",
"Tanaka",
",",
"who",
"suggests",
"that",
"the",
"gravitational",
"constant",
"disagrees",
"with",
"experimental",
"findings",
",",
"proposes",
"that",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"work",
"does",
"not",
"actually",
"refute",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"formulation",
".",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
"has",
"now",
"been",
"rendered",
"obsolete",
",",
"with",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"gravitational",
"waves",
".",
"They",
"are",
"phenonena",
"observed",
"locally",
"that",
"largely",
"violate",
"the",
"kind",
"of",
"local",
"flatness",
"of",
"space",
"that",
"Whitehead",
"assumes",
".",
"Consequently",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"must",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"a",
"local",
"approximation",
",",
"and",
"his",
"assumption",
"of",
"a",
"uniform",
"spatio",
"-",
"temporal",
"geometry",
",",
"Minkowskian",
"in",
"particular",
",",
"as",
"an",
"often",
"-",
"locally",
"-",
"adequate",
"approximation",
".",
"An",
"exact",
"replacement",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"would",
"need",
"to",
"admit",
"a",
"Riemannian",
"geometry",
".",
"Also",
",",
"although",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
"gave",
"only",
"secondary",
"consideration",
"to",
"quantum",
"theory",
",",
"his",
"metaphysics",
"of",
"processes",
"has",
"proved",
"attractive",
"to",
"some",
"physicists",
"in",
"that",
"field",
".",
"Henry",
"Stapp",
"and",
"David",
"Bohm",
"are",
"among",
"those",
"whose",
"work",
"has",
"been",
"influenced",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
10,
12,
21,
24,
32,
36,
40,
45,
54,
56,
59,
71,
73,
78,
83,
89,
97,
100,
109,
112,
117,
120,
128,
131,
139,
149,
151,
155,
164,
167,
174,
177,
188,
190,
193,
197,
202,
211,
221,
223,
230,
236,
238,
242,
251,
256,
260,
274,
283,
293,
298,
311,
319,
321,
330,
335,
343,
346,
351,
356,
360,
369,
376,
385,
388,
399,
401,
410,
413,
418,
422,
426,
431,
440,
448,
450,
455,
459,
469,
472,
486,
491,
493,
498,
502,
512,
521,
529,
534,
542,
550,
554,
559,
562,
568,
577,
580,
586,
591,
601,
608,
610,
622,
624,
633,
636,
646,
651,
654,
663,
666,
668,
674,
687,
689,
693,
697,
708,
711,
713,
721,
727,
728,
737,
745,
747,
759,
762,
772,
774,
777,
780,
785,
786,
793,
794,
803,
816,
818,
821,
827,
839,
842,
851,
854,
864,
870,
875,
878,
884,
886,
897,
905,
907,
911,
913,
922,
932,
940,
945,
950,
960,
974,
977,
985,
991,
993,
997,
1009,
1012,
1022,
1026,
1033,
1044,
1047,
1052,
1063,
1066,
1071,
1076,
1078,
1084,
1090,
1094,
1100,
1105,
1109,
1115,
1121,
1127,
1132,
1136,
1141,
1152,
1155,
1164
]
} | 7ed274f565f541efbcbf141e296f21a8 | What are gravitational waves? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"are",
"gravitational",
"waves",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
23,
28
]
} | {
"text": [
"phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
502
],
"end": [
607
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
86
],
"end": [
101
]
}
]
} | [
"phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes"
] |
SQuAD | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings, proposes that Einstein's work does not actually refute Whitehead's formulation. Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves. They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes. Consequently, Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation, and his assumption of a uniform spatio-temporal geometry, Minkowskian in particular, as an often-locally-adequate approximation. An exact replacement of Whitehead's cosmology would need to admit a Riemannian geometry. Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field. Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"physics",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"thought",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
".",
"He",
"articulated",
"a",
"view",
"that",
"might",
"perhaps",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"dual",
"to",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"general",
"relativity",
",",
"see",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"theory",
"of",
"gravitation",
".",
"It",
"has",
"been",
"severely",
"criticized",
".",
"Yutaka",
"Tanaka",
",",
"who",
"suggests",
"that",
"the",
"gravitational",
"constant",
"disagrees",
"with",
"experimental",
"findings",
",",
"proposes",
"that",
"Einstein",
"'s",
"work",
"does",
"not",
"actually",
"refute",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"formulation",
".",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
"has",
"now",
"been",
"rendered",
"obsolete",
",",
"with",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"gravitational",
"waves",
".",
"They",
"are",
"phenonena",
"observed",
"locally",
"that",
"largely",
"violate",
"the",
"kind",
"of",
"local",
"flatness",
"of",
"space",
"that",
"Whitehead",
"assumes",
".",
"Consequently",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"must",
"be",
"regarded",
"as",
"a",
"local",
"approximation",
",",
"and",
"his",
"assumption",
"of",
"a",
"uniform",
"spatio",
"-",
"temporal",
"geometry",
",",
"Minkowskian",
"in",
"particular",
",",
"as",
"an",
"often",
"-",
"locally",
"-",
"adequate",
"approximation",
".",
"An",
"exact",
"replacement",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
"would",
"need",
"to",
"admit",
"a",
"Riemannian",
"geometry",
".",
"Also",
",",
"although",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
"gave",
"only",
"secondary",
"consideration",
"to",
"quantum",
"theory",
",",
"his",
"metaphysics",
"of",
"processes",
"has",
"proved",
"attractive",
"to",
"some",
"physicists",
"in",
"that",
"field",
".",
"Henry",
"Stapp",
"and",
"David",
"Bohm",
"are",
"among",
"those",
"whose",
"work",
"has",
"been",
"influenced",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
10,
12,
21,
24,
32,
36,
40,
45,
54,
56,
59,
71,
73,
78,
83,
89,
97,
100,
109,
112,
117,
120,
128,
131,
139,
149,
151,
155,
164,
167,
174,
177,
188,
190,
193,
197,
202,
211,
221,
223,
230,
236,
238,
242,
251,
256,
260,
274,
283,
293,
298,
311,
319,
321,
330,
335,
343,
346,
351,
356,
360,
369,
376,
385,
388,
399,
401,
410,
413,
418,
422,
426,
431,
440,
448,
450,
455,
459,
469,
472,
486,
491,
493,
498,
502,
512,
521,
529,
534,
542,
550,
554,
559,
562,
568,
577,
580,
586,
591,
601,
608,
610,
622,
624,
633,
636,
646,
651,
654,
663,
666,
668,
674,
687,
689,
693,
697,
708,
711,
713,
721,
727,
728,
737,
745,
747,
759,
762,
772,
774,
777,
780,
785,
786,
793,
794,
803,
816,
818,
821,
827,
839,
842,
851,
854,
864,
870,
875,
878,
884,
886,
897,
905,
907,
911,
913,
922,
932,
940,
945,
950,
960,
974,
977,
985,
991,
993,
997,
1009,
1012,
1022,
1026,
1033,
1044,
1047,
1052,
1063,
1066,
1071,
1076,
1078,
1084,
1090,
1094,
1100,
1105,
1109,
1115,
1121,
1127,
1132,
1136,
1141,
1152,
1155,
1164
]
} | d3ef75de507e49c2941be93a6b914c45 | How must Whiteheads cosmology now be considered? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"must",
"Whiteheads",
"cosmology",
"now",
"be",
"considered",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
20,
30,
34,
37,
47
]
} | {
"text": [
"Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
624
],
"end": [
686
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
105
],
"end": [
114
]
}
]
} | [
"Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety of 'weak' and 'strong' process perspectives from a number of philosophers. One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics. For Dibben, this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." Dibben has published two books on applied process thought, Applied Process Thought I: Initial Explorations in Theory and Research (2008), and Applied Process Thought II: Following a Trail Ablaze (2009), as well as other papers in this vein in the fields of philosophy of management and business ethics. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
"on",
"philosophy",
"of",
"business",
"administration",
"and",
"organizational",
"theory",
".",
"This",
"has",
"led",
"in",
"part",
"to",
"a",
"focus",
"on",
"identifying",
"and",
"investigating",
"the",
"effect",
"of",
"temporal",
"events",
"(",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"static",
"things",
")",
"within",
"organizations",
"through",
"an",
"“",
"organization",
"studies",
"”",
"discourse",
"that",
"accommodates",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"'",
"weak",
"'",
"and",
"'",
"strong",
"'",
"process",
"perspectives",
"from",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"philosophers",
".",
"One",
"of",
"the",
"leading",
"figures",
"having",
"an",
"explicitly",
"Whiteheadian",
"and",
"panexperientialist",
"stance",
"towards",
"management",
"is",
"Mark",
"Dibben",
",",
"who",
"works",
"in",
"what",
"he",
"calls",
"\"",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
"\"",
"to",
"articulate",
"a",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"administration",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"wider",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"social",
"sciences",
"through",
"the",
"lens",
"of",
"process",
"metaphysics",
".",
"For",
"Dibben",
",",
"this",
"allows",
"\"",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"exploration",
"of",
"life",
"as",
"perpetually",
"active",
"experiencing",
",",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"occasional",
"–",
"and",
"thoroughly",
"passive",
"–",
"happening",
".",
"\"",
"Dibben",
"has",
"published",
"two",
"books",
"on",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
",",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"I",
":",
"Initial",
"Explorations",
"in",
"Theory",
"and",
"Research",
"(",
"2008",
")",
",",
"and",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"II",
":",
"Following",
"a",
"Trail",
"Ablaze",
"(",
"2009",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"other",
"papers",
"in",
"this",
"vein",
"in",
"the",
"fields",
"of",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"ethics",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
18,
23,
33,
36,
47,
50,
59,
74,
78,
93,
99,
101,
106,
110,
114,
117,
122,
125,
127,
133,
136,
148,
152,
166,
170,
177,
180,
189,
196,
197,
200,
208,
211,
218,
224,
226,
233,
247,
255,
258,
259,
272,
279,
281,
291,
296,
309,
311,
319,
322,
323,
327,
329,
333,
334,
340,
342,
350,
363,
368,
370,
377,
380,
392,
394,
398,
401,
405,
413,
421,
428,
431,
442,
455,
459,
478,
485,
493,
504,
507,
512,
518,
520,
524,
530,
533,
538,
541,
547,
548,
556,
564,
571,
573,
576,
587,
589,
600,
603,
614,
618,
627,
642,
645,
650,
653,
655,
661,
673,
676,
680,
687,
696,
704,
708,
713,
716,
724,
735,
737,
741,
747,
749,
754,
761,
762,
764,
778,
790,
793,
798,
801,
813,
820,
832,
834,
837,
845,
848,
859,
861,
865,
876,
884,
886,
895,
896,
898,
905,
909,
919,
923,
929,
932,
940,
948,
955,
957,
965,
973,
981,
982,
984,
992,
1005,
1008,
1015,
1019,
1028,
1029,
1033,
1034,
1036,
1040,
1048,
1056,
1064,
1066,
1068,
1078,
1080,
1086,
1093,
1094,
1098,
1099,
1101,
1104,
1109,
1112,
1118,
1125,
1128,
1133,
1138,
1141,
1145,
1152,
1155,
1166,
1169,
1180,
1184,
1193,
1199
]
} | 35b7e9d562234983b753c5458adac248 | What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"prominent",
"business",
"professor",
"has",
"been",
"heavily",
"influenced",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
15,
24,
34,
38,
43,
51,
62,
65,
74
]
} | {
"text": [
"Mark Dibben"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
507
],
"end": [
517
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
82
],
"end": [
83
]
}
]
} | [
"Mark Dibben"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety of 'weak' and 'strong' process perspectives from a number of philosophers. One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics. For Dibben, this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." Dibben has published two books on applied process thought, Applied Process Thought I: Initial Explorations in Theory and Research (2008), and Applied Process Thought II: Following a Trail Ablaze (2009), as well as other papers in this vein in the fields of philosophy of management and business ethics. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
"on",
"philosophy",
"of",
"business",
"administration",
"and",
"organizational",
"theory",
".",
"This",
"has",
"led",
"in",
"part",
"to",
"a",
"focus",
"on",
"identifying",
"and",
"investigating",
"the",
"effect",
"of",
"temporal",
"events",
"(",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"static",
"things",
")",
"within",
"organizations",
"through",
"an",
"“",
"organization",
"studies",
"”",
"discourse",
"that",
"accommodates",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"'",
"weak",
"'",
"and",
"'",
"strong",
"'",
"process",
"perspectives",
"from",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"philosophers",
".",
"One",
"of",
"the",
"leading",
"figures",
"having",
"an",
"explicitly",
"Whiteheadian",
"and",
"panexperientialist",
"stance",
"towards",
"management",
"is",
"Mark",
"Dibben",
",",
"who",
"works",
"in",
"what",
"he",
"calls",
"\"",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
"\"",
"to",
"articulate",
"a",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"administration",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"wider",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"social",
"sciences",
"through",
"the",
"lens",
"of",
"process",
"metaphysics",
".",
"For",
"Dibben",
",",
"this",
"allows",
"\"",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"exploration",
"of",
"life",
"as",
"perpetually",
"active",
"experiencing",
",",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"occasional",
"–",
"and",
"thoroughly",
"passive",
"–",
"happening",
".",
"\"",
"Dibben",
"has",
"published",
"two",
"books",
"on",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
",",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"I",
":",
"Initial",
"Explorations",
"in",
"Theory",
"and",
"Research",
"(",
"2008",
")",
",",
"and",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"II",
":",
"Following",
"a",
"Trail",
"Ablaze",
"(",
"2009",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"other",
"papers",
"in",
"this",
"vein",
"in",
"the",
"fields",
"of",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"ethics",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
18,
23,
33,
36,
47,
50,
59,
74,
78,
93,
99,
101,
106,
110,
114,
117,
122,
125,
127,
133,
136,
148,
152,
166,
170,
177,
180,
189,
196,
197,
200,
208,
211,
218,
224,
226,
233,
247,
255,
258,
259,
272,
279,
281,
291,
296,
309,
311,
319,
322,
323,
327,
329,
333,
334,
340,
342,
350,
363,
368,
370,
377,
380,
392,
394,
398,
401,
405,
413,
421,
428,
431,
442,
455,
459,
478,
485,
493,
504,
507,
512,
518,
520,
524,
530,
533,
538,
541,
547,
548,
556,
564,
571,
573,
576,
587,
589,
600,
603,
614,
618,
627,
642,
645,
650,
653,
655,
661,
673,
676,
680,
687,
696,
704,
708,
713,
716,
724,
735,
737,
741,
747,
749,
754,
761,
762,
764,
778,
790,
793,
798,
801,
813,
820,
832,
834,
837,
845,
848,
859,
861,
865,
876,
884,
886,
895,
896,
898,
905,
909,
919,
923,
929,
932,
940,
948,
955,
957,
965,
973,
981,
982,
984,
992,
1005,
1008,
1015,
1019,
1028,
1029,
1033,
1034,
1036,
1040,
1048,
1056,
1064,
1066,
1068,
1078,
1080,
1086,
1093,
1094,
1098,
1099,
1101,
1104,
1109,
1112,
1118,
1125,
1128,
1133,
1138,
1141,
1145,
1152,
1155,
1166,
1169,
1180,
1184,
1193,
1199
]
} | 77caf70b0f244ba1927d04514b14e439 | What does Dibben call his philosophy on management and business administration? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"does",
"Dibben",
"call",
"his",
"philosophy",
"on",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"administration",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
17,
22,
26,
37,
40,
51,
55,
64,
78
]
} | {
"text": [
"\"applied process thought\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
547
],
"end": [
571
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
91
],
"end": [
95
]
}
]
} | [
"\"applied process thought\""
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety of 'weak' and 'strong' process perspectives from a number of philosophers. One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics. For Dibben, this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." Dibben has published two books on applied process thought, Applied Process Thought I: Initial Explorations in Theory and Research (2008), and Applied Process Thought II: Following a Trail Ablaze (2009), as well as other papers in this vein in the fields of philosophy of management and business ethics. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
"on",
"philosophy",
"of",
"business",
"administration",
"and",
"organizational",
"theory",
".",
"This",
"has",
"led",
"in",
"part",
"to",
"a",
"focus",
"on",
"identifying",
"and",
"investigating",
"the",
"effect",
"of",
"temporal",
"events",
"(",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"static",
"things",
")",
"within",
"organizations",
"through",
"an",
"“",
"organization",
"studies",
"”",
"discourse",
"that",
"accommodates",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"'",
"weak",
"'",
"and",
"'",
"strong",
"'",
"process",
"perspectives",
"from",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"philosophers",
".",
"One",
"of",
"the",
"leading",
"figures",
"having",
"an",
"explicitly",
"Whiteheadian",
"and",
"panexperientialist",
"stance",
"towards",
"management",
"is",
"Mark",
"Dibben",
",",
"who",
"works",
"in",
"what",
"he",
"calls",
"\"",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
"\"",
"to",
"articulate",
"a",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"administration",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"wider",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"social",
"sciences",
"through",
"the",
"lens",
"of",
"process",
"metaphysics",
".",
"For",
"Dibben",
",",
"this",
"allows",
"\"",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"exploration",
"of",
"life",
"as",
"perpetually",
"active",
"experiencing",
",",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"occasional",
"–",
"and",
"thoroughly",
"passive",
"–",
"happening",
".",
"\"",
"Dibben",
"has",
"published",
"two",
"books",
"on",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
",",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"I",
":",
"Initial",
"Explorations",
"in",
"Theory",
"and",
"Research",
"(",
"2008",
")",
",",
"and",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"II",
":",
"Following",
"a",
"Trail",
"Ablaze",
"(",
"2009",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"other",
"papers",
"in",
"this",
"vein",
"in",
"the",
"fields",
"of",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"ethics",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
18,
23,
33,
36,
47,
50,
59,
74,
78,
93,
99,
101,
106,
110,
114,
117,
122,
125,
127,
133,
136,
148,
152,
166,
170,
177,
180,
189,
196,
197,
200,
208,
211,
218,
224,
226,
233,
247,
255,
258,
259,
272,
279,
281,
291,
296,
309,
311,
319,
322,
323,
327,
329,
333,
334,
340,
342,
350,
363,
368,
370,
377,
380,
392,
394,
398,
401,
405,
413,
421,
428,
431,
442,
455,
459,
478,
485,
493,
504,
507,
512,
518,
520,
524,
530,
533,
538,
541,
547,
548,
556,
564,
571,
573,
576,
587,
589,
600,
603,
614,
618,
627,
642,
645,
650,
653,
655,
661,
673,
676,
680,
687,
696,
704,
708,
713,
716,
724,
735,
737,
741,
747,
749,
754,
761,
762,
764,
778,
790,
793,
798,
801,
813,
820,
832,
834,
837,
845,
848,
859,
861,
865,
876,
884,
886,
895,
896,
898,
905,
909,
919,
923,
929,
932,
940,
948,
955,
957,
965,
973,
981,
982,
984,
992,
1005,
1008,
1015,
1019,
1028,
1029,
1033,
1034,
1036,
1040,
1048,
1056,
1064,
1066,
1068,
1078,
1080,
1086,
1093,
1094,
1098,
1099,
1101,
1104,
1109,
1112,
1118,
1125,
1128,
1133,
1138,
1141,
1145,
1152,
1155,
1166,
1169,
1180,
1184,
1193,
1199
]
} | d06c0be1c13d40c79eca50e5c9c87ac4 | In what fields has Dibben published two books and other papers? | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"what",
"fields",
"has",
"Dibben",
"published",
"two",
"books",
"and",
"other",
"papers",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
8,
15,
19,
26,
36,
40,
46,
50,
56,
62
]
} | {
"text": [
"philosophy of management and business ethics"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
1155
],
"end": [
1198
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
201
],
"end": [
206
]
}
]
} | [
"philosophy of management and business ethics"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety of 'weak' and 'strong' process perspectives from a number of philosophers. One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics. For Dibben, this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." Dibben has published two books on applied process thought, Applied Process Thought I: Initial Explorations in Theory and Research (2008), and Applied Process Thought II: Following a Trail Ablaze (2009), as well as other papers in this vein in the fields of philosophy of management and business ethics. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
"on",
"philosophy",
"of",
"business",
"administration",
"and",
"organizational",
"theory",
".",
"This",
"has",
"led",
"in",
"part",
"to",
"a",
"focus",
"on",
"identifying",
"and",
"investigating",
"the",
"effect",
"of",
"temporal",
"events",
"(",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"static",
"things",
")",
"within",
"organizations",
"through",
"an",
"“",
"organization",
"studies",
"”",
"discourse",
"that",
"accommodates",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"'",
"weak",
"'",
"and",
"'",
"strong",
"'",
"process",
"perspectives",
"from",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"philosophers",
".",
"One",
"of",
"the",
"leading",
"figures",
"having",
"an",
"explicitly",
"Whiteheadian",
"and",
"panexperientialist",
"stance",
"towards",
"management",
"is",
"Mark",
"Dibben",
",",
"who",
"works",
"in",
"what",
"he",
"calls",
"\"",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
"\"",
"to",
"articulate",
"a",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"administration",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"wider",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"social",
"sciences",
"through",
"the",
"lens",
"of",
"process",
"metaphysics",
".",
"For",
"Dibben",
",",
"this",
"allows",
"\"",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"exploration",
"of",
"life",
"as",
"perpetually",
"active",
"experiencing",
",",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"occasional",
"–",
"and",
"thoroughly",
"passive",
"–",
"happening",
".",
"\"",
"Dibben",
"has",
"published",
"two",
"books",
"on",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
",",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"I",
":",
"Initial",
"Explorations",
"in",
"Theory",
"and",
"Research",
"(",
"2008",
")",
",",
"and",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"II",
":",
"Following",
"a",
"Trail",
"Ablaze",
"(",
"2009",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"other",
"papers",
"in",
"this",
"vein",
"in",
"the",
"fields",
"of",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"ethics",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
18,
23,
33,
36,
47,
50,
59,
74,
78,
93,
99,
101,
106,
110,
114,
117,
122,
125,
127,
133,
136,
148,
152,
166,
170,
177,
180,
189,
196,
197,
200,
208,
211,
218,
224,
226,
233,
247,
255,
258,
259,
272,
279,
281,
291,
296,
309,
311,
319,
322,
323,
327,
329,
333,
334,
340,
342,
350,
363,
368,
370,
377,
380,
392,
394,
398,
401,
405,
413,
421,
428,
431,
442,
455,
459,
478,
485,
493,
504,
507,
512,
518,
520,
524,
530,
533,
538,
541,
547,
548,
556,
564,
571,
573,
576,
587,
589,
600,
603,
614,
618,
627,
642,
645,
650,
653,
655,
661,
673,
676,
680,
687,
696,
704,
708,
713,
716,
724,
735,
737,
741,
747,
749,
754,
761,
762,
764,
778,
790,
793,
798,
801,
813,
820,
832,
834,
837,
845,
848,
859,
861,
865,
876,
884,
886,
895,
896,
898,
905,
909,
919,
923,
929,
932,
940,
948,
955,
957,
965,
973,
981,
982,
984,
992,
1005,
1008,
1015,
1019,
1028,
1029,
1033,
1034,
1036,
1040,
1048,
1056,
1064,
1066,
1068,
1078,
1080,
1086,
1093,
1094,
1098,
1099,
1101,
1104,
1109,
1112,
1118,
1125,
1128,
1133,
1138,
1141,
1145,
1152,
1155,
1166,
1169,
1180,
1184,
1193,
1199
]
} | e0a58f7bb0ff4c8da71f68ab4ad73220 | What business fields has Whitehead influenced? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"business",
"fields",
"has",
"Whitehead",
"influenced",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
14,
21,
25,
35,
45
]
} | {
"text": [
"philosophy of business administration and organizational theory"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
36
],
"end": [
98
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
6
],
"end": [
12
]
}
]
} | [
"philosophy of business administration and organizational theory"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety of 'weak' and 'strong' process perspectives from a number of philosophers. One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics. For Dibben, this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." Dibben has published two books on applied process thought, Applied Process Thought I: Initial Explorations in Theory and Research (2008), and Applied Process Thought II: Following a Trail Ablaze (2009), as well as other papers in this vein in the fields of philosophy of management and business ethics. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"has",
"had",
"some",
"influence",
"on",
"philosophy",
"of",
"business",
"administration",
"and",
"organizational",
"theory",
".",
"This",
"has",
"led",
"in",
"part",
"to",
"a",
"focus",
"on",
"identifying",
"and",
"investigating",
"the",
"effect",
"of",
"temporal",
"events",
"(",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"static",
"things",
")",
"within",
"organizations",
"through",
"an",
"“",
"organization",
"studies",
"”",
"discourse",
"that",
"accommodates",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"'",
"weak",
"'",
"and",
"'",
"strong",
"'",
"process",
"perspectives",
"from",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"philosophers",
".",
"One",
"of",
"the",
"leading",
"figures",
"having",
"an",
"explicitly",
"Whiteheadian",
"and",
"panexperientialist",
"stance",
"towards",
"management",
"is",
"Mark",
"Dibben",
",",
"who",
"works",
"in",
"what",
"he",
"calls",
"\"",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
"\"",
"to",
"articulate",
"a",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"administration",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"wider",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"social",
"sciences",
"through",
"the",
"lens",
"of",
"process",
"metaphysics",
".",
"For",
"Dibben",
",",
"this",
"allows",
"\"",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"exploration",
"of",
"life",
"as",
"perpetually",
"active",
"experiencing",
",",
"as",
"opposed",
"to",
"occasional",
"–",
"and",
"thoroughly",
"passive",
"–",
"happening",
".",
"\"",
"Dibben",
"has",
"published",
"two",
"books",
"on",
"applied",
"process",
"thought",
",",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"I",
":",
"Initial",
"Explorations",
"in",
"Theory",
"and",
"Research",
"(",
"2008",
")",
",",
"and",
"Applied",
"Process",
"Thought",
"II",
":",
"Following",
"a",
"Trail",
"Ablaze",
"(",
"2009",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"other",
"papers",
"in",
"this",
"vein",
"in",
"the",
"fields",
"of",
"philosophy",
"of",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"ethics",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
18,
23,
33,
36,
47,
50,
59,
74,
78,
93,
99,
101,
106,
110,
114,
117,
122,
125,
127,
133,
136,
148,
152,
166,
170,
177,
180,
189,
196,
197,
200,
208,
211,
218,
224,
226,
233,
247,
255,
258,
259,
272,
279,
281,
291,
296,
309,
311,
319,
322,
323,
327,
329,
333,
334,
340,
342,
350,
363,
368,
370,
377,
380,
392,
394,
398,
401,
405,
413,
421,
428,
431,
442,
455,
459,
478,
485,
493,
504,
507,
512,
518,
520,
524,
530,
533,
538,
541,
547,
548,
556,
564,
571,
573,
576,
587,
589,
600,
603,
614,
618,
627,
642,
645,
650,
653,
655,
661,
673,
676,
680,
687,
696,
704,
708,
713,
716,
724,
735,
737,
741,
747,
749,
754,
761,
762,
764,
778,
790,
793,
798,
801,
813,
820,
832,
834,
837,
845,
848,
859,
861,
865,
876,
884,
886,
895,
896,
898,
905,
909,
919,
923,
929,
932,
940,
948,
955,
957,
965,
973,
981,
982,
984,
992,
1005,
1008,
1015,
1019,
1028,
1029,
1033,
1034,
1036,
1040,
1048,
1056,
1064,
1066,
1068,
1078,
1080,
1086,
1093,
1094,
1098,
1099,
1101,
1104,
1109,
1112,
1118,
1125,
1128,
1133,
1138,
1141,
1145,
1152,
1155,
1166,
1169,
1180,
1184,
1193,
1199
]
} | beb37390459a4277adc73a26aae2e050 | According to Dibben, what are the benefits of applying process metaphysics to examining management and business administration as a component of social science? | {
"tokens": [
"According",
"to",
"Dibben",
",",
"what",
"are",
"the",
"benefits",
"of",
"applying",
"process",
"metaphysics",
"to",
"examining",
"management",
"and",
"business",
"administration",
"as",
"a",
"component",
"of",
"social",
"science",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
19,
21,
26,
30,
34,
43,
46,
55,
63,
75,
78,
88,
99,
103,
112,
127,
130,
132,
142,
145,
152,
159
]
} | {
"text": [
"this allows \"a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening.\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
749
],
"end": [
896
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
125
],
"end": [
149
]
}
]
} | [
"this allows \"a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening.\""
] |
SQuAD | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports. | {
"tokens": [
"Bernanke",
"explained",
"that",
"between",
"1996",
"and",
"2004",
",",
"the",
"U.S.",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"increased",
"by",
"$",
"650",
"billion",
",",
"from",
"1.5",
"%",
"to",
"5.8",
"%",
"of",
"GDP",
".",
"Financing",
"these",
"deficits",
"required",
"the",
"country",
"to",
"borrow",
"large",
"sums",
"from",
"abroad",
",",
"much",
"of",
"it",
"from",
"countries",
"running",
"trade",
"surpluses",
".",
"These",
"were",
"mainly",
"the",
"emerging",
"economies",
"in",
"Asia",
"and",
"oil",
"-",
"exporting",
"nations",
".",
"The",
"balance",
"of",
"payments",
"identity",
"requires",
"that",
"a",
"country",
"(",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"U.S.",
")",
"running",
"a",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"also",
"have",
"a",
"capital",
"account",
"(",
"investment",
")",
"surplus",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"amount",
".",
"Hence",
"large",
"and",
"growing",
"amounts",
"of",
"foreign",
"funds",
"(",
"capital",
")",
"flowed",
"into",
"the",
"U.S.",
"to",
"finance",
"its",
"imports",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
9,
19,
24,
32,
37,
41,
45,
47,
51,
56,
64,
72,
80,
90,
93,
94,
98,
105,
107,
112,
115,
117,
120,
123,
125,
128,
131,
133,
143,
149,
158,
167,
171,
179,
182,
189,
195,
200,
205,
211,
213,
218,
221,
224,
229,
239,
247,
253,
262,
264,
270,
275,
282,
286,
295,
305,
308,
313,
317,
320,
321,
331,
338,
340,
344,
352,
355,
364,
373,
382,
387,
389,
397,
398,
403,
406,
410,
414,
416,
424,
426,
434,
442,
450,
455,
460,
462,
470,
478,
479,
489,
491,
499,
502,
506,
511,
517,
519,
525,
531,
535,
543,
551,
554,
562,
568,
569,
576,
578,
585,
590,
594,
599,
602,
610,
614,
621
]
} | ef802a964b8d44b7820847b3ee6c56d5 | Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? | {
"tokens": [
"Per",
"Bernanke",
",",
"how",
"much",
"did",
"the",
"U.S.",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"increase",
"between",
"1996",
"and",
"2004",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
12,
14,
18,
23,
27,
31,
36,
44,
52,
60,
69,
77,
82,
86,
90
]
} | {
"text": [
"$650 billion"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
93
],
"end": [
104
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
15
],
"end": [
17
]
}
]
} | [
"$650 billion"
] |
SQuAD | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports. | {
"tokens": [
"Bernanke",
"explained",
"that",
"between",
"1996",
"and",
"2004",
",",
"the",
"U.S.",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"increased",
"by",
"$",
"650",
"billion",
",",
"from",
"1.5",
"%",
"to",
"5.8",
"%",
"of",
"GDP",
".",
"Financing",
"these",
"deficits",
"required",
"the",
"country",
"to",
"borrow",
"large",
"sums",
"from",
"abroad",
",",
"much",
"of",
"it",
"from",
"countries",
"running",
"trade",
"surpluses",
".",
"These",
"were",
"mainly",
"the",
"emerging",
"economies",
"in",
"Asia",
"and",
"oil",
"-",
"exporting",
"nations",
".",
"The",
"balance",
"of",
"payments",
"identity",
"requires",
"that",
"a",
"country",
"(",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"U.S.",
")",
"running",
"a",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"also",
"have",
"a",
"capital",
"account",
"(",
"investment",
")",
"surplus",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"amount",
".",
"Hence",
"large",
"and",
"growing",
"amounts",
"of",
"foreign",
"funds",
"(",
"capital",
")",
"flowed",
"into",
"the",
"U.S.",
"to",
"finance",
"its",
"imports",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
9,
19,
24,
32,
37,
41,
45,
47,
51,
56,
64,
72,
80,
90,
93,
94,
98,
105,
107,
112,
115,
117,
120,
123,
125,
128,
131,
133,
143,
149,
158,
167,
171,
179,
182,
189,
195,
200,
205,
211,
213,
218,
221,
224,
229,
239,
247,
253,
262,
264,
270,
275,
282,
286,
295,
305,
308,
313,
317,
320,
321,
331,
338,
340,
344,
352,
355,
364,
373,
382,
387,
389,
397,
398,
403,
406,
410,
414,
416,
424,
426,
434,
442,
450,
455,
460,
462,
470,
478,
479,
489,
491,
499,
502,
506,
511,
517,
519,
525,
531,
535,
543,
551,
554,
562,
568,
569,
576,
578,
585,
590,
594,
599,
602,
610,
614,
621
]
} | 316b4cb774e34dab9f6ef87aeab23386 | What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"percentage",
"of",
"GDP",
"was",
"the",
"U.S.",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"in",
"2004",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
16,
19,
23,
27,
31,
36,
44,
52,
60,
63,
67
]
} | {
"text": [
"5.8%"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
120
],
"end": [
123
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
23
],
"end": [
24
]
}
]
} | [
"5.8%"
] |
SQuAD | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports. | {
"tokens": [
"Bernanke",
"explained",
"that",
"between",
"1996",
"and",
"2004",
",",
"the",
"U.S.",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"increased",
"by",
"$",
"650",
"billion",
",",
"from",
"1.5",
"%",
"to",
"5.8",
"%",
"of",
"GDP",
".",
"Financing",
"these",
"deficits",
"required",
"the",
"country",
"to",
"borrow",
"large",
"sums",
"from",
"abroad",
",",
"much",
"of",
"it",
"from",
"countries",
"running",
"trade",
"surpluses",
".",
"These",
"were",
"mainly",
"the",
"emerging",
"economies",
"in",
"Asia",
"and",
"oil",
"-",
"exporting",
"nations",
".",
"The",
"balance",
"of",
"payments",
"identity",
"requires",
"that",
"a",
"country",
"(",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"U.S.",
")",
"running",
"a",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"also",
"have",
"a",
"capital",
"account",
"(",
"investment",
")",
"surplus",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"amount",
".",
"Hence",
"large",
"and",
"growing",
"amounts",
"of",
"foreign",
"funds",
"(",
"capital",
")",
"flowed",
"into",
"the",
"U.S.",
"to",
"finance",
"its",
"imports",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
9,
19,
24,
32,
37,
41,
45,
47,
51,
56,
64,
72,
80,
90,
93,
94,
98,
105,
107,
112,
115,
117,
120,
123,
125,
128,
131,
133,
143,
149,
158,
167,
171,
179,
182,
189,
195,
200,
205,
211,
213,
218,
221,
224,
229,
239,
247,
253,
262,
264,
270,
275,
282,
286,
295,
305,
308,
313,
317,
320,
321,
331,
338,
340,
344,
352,
355,
364,
373,
382,
387,
389,
397,
398,
403,
406,
410,
414,
416,
424,
426,
434,
442,
450,
455,
460,
462,
470,
478,
479,
489,
491,
499,
502,
506,
511,
517,
519,
525,
531,
535,
543,
551,
554,
562,
568,
569,
576,
578,
585,
590,
594,
599,
602,
610,
614,
621
]
} | f6cc8d9fd8424c04aa0fd5a10cbf207e | What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"emerging",
"economies",
"did",
"the",
"U.S.",
"borrow",
"money",
"from",
"between",
"1996",
"and",
"2004",
"to",
"finance",
"its",
"imports",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
14,
24,
28,
32,
37,
44,
50,
55,
63,
68,
72,
77,
80,
88,
92,
99
]
} | {
"text": [
"Asia and oil-exporting nations"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
308
],
"end": [
337
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
57
],
"end": [
62
]
}
]
} | [
"Asia and oil-exporting nations"
] |
SQuAD | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports. | {
"tokens": [
"Bernanke",
"explained",
"that",
"between",
"1996",
"and",
"2004",
",",
"the",
"U.S.",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"increased",
"by",
"$",
"650",
"billion",
",",
"from",
"1.5",
"%",
"to",
"5.8",
"%",
"of",
"GDP",
".",
"Financing",
"these",
"deficits",
"required",
"the",
"country",
"to",
"borrow",
"large",
"sums",
"from",
"abroad",
",",
"much",
"of",
"it",
"from",
"countries",
"running",
"trade",
"surpluses",
".",
"These",
"were",
"mainly",
"the",
"emerging",
"economies",
"in",
"Asia",
"and",
"oil",
"-",
"exporting",
"nations",
".",
"The",
"balance",
"of",
"payments",
"identity",
"requires",
"that",
"a",
"country",
"(",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"U.S.",
")",
"running",
"a",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"also",
"have",
"a",
"capital",
"account",
"(",
"investment",
")",
"surplus",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"amount",
".",
"Hence",
"large",
"and",
"growing",
"amounts",
"of",
"foreign",
"funds",
"(",
"capital",
")",
"flowed",
"into",
"the",
"U.S.",
"to",
"finance",
"its",
"imports",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
9,
19,
24,
32,
37,
41,
45,
47,
51,
56,
64,
72,
80,
90,
93,
94,
98,
105,
107,
112,
115,
117,
120,
123,
125,
128,
131,
133,
143,
149,
158,
167,
171,
179,
182,
189,
195,
200,
205,
211,
213,
218,
221,
224,
229,
239,
247,
253,
262,
264,
270,
275,
282,
286,
295,
305,
308,
313,
317,
320,
321,
331,
338,
340,
344,
352,
355,
364,
373,
382,
387,
389,
397,
398,
403,
406,
410,
414,
416,
424,
426,
434,
442,
450,
455,
460,
462,
470,
478,
479,
489,
491,
499,
502,
506,
511,
517,
519,
525,
531,
535,
543,
551,
554,
562,
568,
569,
576,
578,
585,
590,
594,
599,
602,
610,
614,
621
]
} | f8ba278623ad430f9256f4efa35495f2 | What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"type",
"account",
"is",
"needed",
"by",
"the",
"U.S.",
"to",
"balance",
"an",
"account",
"deficit",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
18,
21,
28,
31,
35,
40,
43,
51,
54,
62,
69
]
} | {
"text": [
"capital account"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
462
],
"end": [
476
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
87
],
"end": [
88
]
}
]
} | [
"capital account"
] |
SQuAD | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports. | {
"tokens": [
"Bernanke",
"explained",
"that",
"between",
"1996",
"and",
"2004",
",",
"the",
"U.S.",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"increased",
"by",
"$",
"650",
"billion",
",",
"from",
"1.5",
"%",
"to",
"5.8",
"%",
"of",
"GDP",
".",
"Financing",
"these",
"deficits",
"required",
"the",
"country",
"to",
"borrow",
"large",
"sums",
"from",
"abroad",
",",
"much",
"of",
"it",
"from",
"countries",
"running",
"trade",
"surpluses",
".",
"These",
"were",
"mainly",
"the",
"emerging",
"economies",
"in",
"Asia",
"and",
"oil",
"-",
"exporting",
"nations",
".",
"The",
"balance",
"of",
"payments",
"identity",
"requires",
"that",
"a",
"country",
"(",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"U.S.",
")",
"running",
"a",
"current",
"account",
"deficit",
"also",
"have",
"a",
"capital",
"account",
"(",
"investment",
")",
"surplus",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"amount",
".",
"Hence",
"large",
"and",
"growing",
"amounts",
"of",
"foreign",
"funds",
"(",
"capital",
")",
"flowed",
"into",
"the",
"U.S.",
"to",
"finance",
"its",
"imports",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
9,
19,
24,
32,
37,
41,
45,
47,
51,
56,
64,
72,
80,
90,
93,
94,
98,
105,
107,
112,
115,
117,
120,
123,
125,
128,
131,
133,
143,
149,
158,
167,
171,
179,
182,
189,
195,
200,
205,
211,
213,
218,
221,
224,
229,
239,
247,
253,
262,
264,
270,
275,
282,
286,
295,
305,
308,
313,
317,
320,
321,
331,
338,
340,
344,
352,
355,
364,
373,
382,
387,
389,
397,
398,
403,
406,
410,
414,
416,
424,
426,
434,
442,
450,
455,
460,
462,
470,
478,
479,
489,
491,
499,
502,
506,
511,
517,
519,
525,
531,
535,
543,
551,
554,
562,
568,
569,
576,
578,
585,
590,
594,
599,
602,
610,
614,
621
]
} | e22fcdd41117409cafd73afaa2795afa | Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports? | {
"tokens": [
"Where",
"did",
"the",
"U.S.",
"obtain",
"capital",
"to",
"finance",
"its",
"imports",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
10,
14,
19,
26,
34,
37,
45,
49,
56
]
} | {
"text": [
"foreign funds"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
554
],
"end": [
566
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
104
],
"end": [
105
]
}
]
} | [
"foreign funds"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | f58cba5cd4a445a894e1b2213e5ad677 | How long did Whitehead and Russell expect to spend creating Principia Mathematica? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"long",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"expect",
"to",
"spend",
"creating",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
13,
23,
27,
35,
42,
45,
51,
60,
70,
81
]
} | {
"text": [
"a year"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
83
],
"end": [
88
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
11
],
"end": [
12
]
}
]
} | [
"a year"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | 79e9b5b8a2e5462fb0a3dfaebb07bac3 | How long did it actually take to complete Principia Mathematica? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"long",
"did",
"it",
"actually",
"take",
"to",
"complete",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
13,
16,
25,
30,
33,
42,
52,
63
]
} | {
"text": [
"ten years"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
127
],
"end": [
135
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
21
],
"end": [
22
]
}
]
} | [
"ten years"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | 133c916e04f94e05b745a244e4419d8c | Why was there a funding shortfall for the publishing of Princpia Mathematica? | {
"tokens": [
"Why",
"was",
"there",
"a",
"funding",
"shortfall",
"for",
"the",
"publishing",
"of",
"Princpia",
"Mathematica",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
14,
16,
24,
34,
38,
42,
53,
56,
65,
76
]
} | {
"text": [
"the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians)"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
198
],
"end": [
314
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
37
],
"end": [
59
]
}
]
} | [
"the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians)"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | 803d179a2601442e902c2b8c103b4a80 | How prevalent is Principia Mathematica today? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"prevalent",
"is",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"today",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
17,
27,
39,
44
]
} | {
"text": [
"today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
539
],
"end": [
650
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
104
],
"end": [
123
]
}
]
} | [
"today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | 5cbd480579364725bdccff4dcba27289 | How long did Whitehead and Russell think it would take them to complete Principia Mathematica? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"long",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"think",
"it",
"would",
"take",
"them",
"to",
"complete",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
13,
23,
27,
35,
41,
44,
50,
55,
60,
63,
72,
82,
93
]
} | {
"text": [
"a year"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
83
],
"end": [
88
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
11
],
"end": [
12
]
}
]
} | [
"a year"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | 8d2e86f53a3d430dab2fc5ab6b34364f | How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"long",
"did",
"it",
"actually",
"take",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"to",
"complete",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
13,
16,
25,
30,
40,
44,
52,
55,
64,
74,
85
]
} | {
"text": [
"ten years"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
127
],
"end": [
135
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
21
],
"end": [
22
]
}
]
} | [
"ten years"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | d98e2bb197d84fc4bb5eda2116df5ddc | How many volumes was Principia Mathematica? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"many",
"volumes",
"was",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
17,
21,
31,
42
]
} | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
202
],
"end": [
206
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
38
],
"end": [
38
]
}
]
} | [
"three"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | a0fb23de6fc245fa975bc4b832dcd0e9 | How many pages was Principia Mathematica? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"many",
"pages",
"was",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
15,
19,
29,
40
]
} | {
"text": [
"2,000"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
246
],
"end": [
250
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
48
],
"end": [
48
]
}
]
} | [
"2,000"
] |
SQuAD | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | {
"tokens": [
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"had",
"thought",
"originally",
"that",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"would",
"take",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"complete",
";",
"it",
"ended",
"up",
"taking",
"them",
"ten",
"years",
".",
"To",
"add",
"insult",
"to",
"injury",
",",
"when",
"it",
"came",
"time",
"for",
"publication",
",",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"volume",
"work",
"was",
"so",
"massive",
"(",
"more",
"than",
"2,000",
"pages",
")",
"and",
"its",
"audience",
"so",
"narrow",
"(",
"professional",
"mathematicians",
")",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"published",
"at",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"600",
"pounds",
",",
"300",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"paid",
"by",
"Cambridge",
"University",
"Press",
",",
"200",
"by",
"the",
"Royal",
"Society",
"of",
"London",
",",
"and",
"50",
"apiece",
"by",
"Whitehead",
"and",
"Russell",
"themselves",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"initial",
"loss",
",",
"today",
"there",
"is",
"likely",
"no",
"major",
"academic",
"library",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"which",
"does",
"not",
"hold",
"a",
"copy",
"of",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
22,
26,
34,
45,
50,
60,
72,
78,
83,
85,
90,
93,
101,
103,
106,
112,
115,
122,
127,
131,
136,
138,
141,
145,
152,
155,
161,
163,
168,
171,
176,
181,
185,
196,
198,
202,
207,
208,
215,
220,
224,
227,
235,
236,
241,
246,
252,
257,
259,
263,
267,
276,
279,
286,
287,
300,
314,
316,
321,
324,
328,
338,
348,
351,
353,
358,
361,
365,
371,
373,
377,
380,
386,
390,
395,
398,
408,
419,
424,
426,
430,
433,
437,
443,
451,
454,
460,
462,
466,
469,
476,
479,
489,
493,
501,
511,
513,
521,
525,
533,
537,
539,
545,
551,
554,
561,
564,
570,
579,
587,
590,
594,
600,
606,
611,
615,
620,
622,
627,
630,
640,
651
]
} | 09b9e5161eb84085886942af35747a23 | Who paid to publish Principia Mathematica? | {
"tokens": [
"Who",
"paid",
"to",
"publish",
"Principia",
"Mathematica",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
12,
20,
30,
41
]
} | {
"text": [
"Cambridge University Press"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
398
],
"end": [
423
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
78
],
"end": [
80
]
}
]
} | [
"Cambridge University Press"
] |
SQuAD | Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and has tended to come chiefly through the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself. For instance, Whitehead was a teacher and long-time friend and collaborator of Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine, both of whom are important figures in analytic philosophy – the dominant strain of philosophy in English-speaking countries in the 20th century. Whitehead has also had high-profile admirers in the continental tradition, such as French post-structuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who once dryly remarked of Whitehead that "he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror." French sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour even went so far as to call Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century." | {
"tokens": [
"Overall",
",",
"however",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"influence",
"is",
"very",
"difficult",
"to",
"characterize",
".",
"In",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
",",
"his",
"primary",
"works",
"are",
"little",
"-",
"studied",
"outside",
"of",
"Claremont",
"and",
"a",
"select",
"number",
"of",
"liberal",
"graduate",
"-",
"level",
"theology",
"and",
"philosophy",
"programs",
".",
"Outside",
"of",
"these",
"circles",
"his",
"influence",
"is",
"relatively",
"small",
"and",
"diffuse",
",",
"and",
"has",
"tended",
"to",
"come",
"chiefly",
"through",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"his",
"students",
"and",
"admirers",
"rather",
"than",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
".",
"For",
"instance",
",",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"a",
"teacher",
"and",
"long",
"-",
"time",
"friend",
"and",
"collaborator",
"of",
"Bertrand",
"Russell",
",",
"and",
"he",
"also",
"taught",
"and",
"supervised",
"the",
"dissertation",
"of",
"Willard",
"Van",
"Orman",
"Quine",
",",
"both",
"of",
"whom",
"are",
"important",
"figures",
"in",
"analytic",
"philosophy",
"–",
"the",
"dominant",
"strain",
"of",
"philosophy",
"in",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
"in",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"Whitehead",
"has",
"also",
"had",
"high",
"-",
"profile",
"admirers",
"in",
"the",
"continental",
"tradition",
",",
"such",
"as",
"French",
"post",
"-",
"structuralist",
"philosopher",
"Gilles",
"Deleuze",
",",
"who",
"once",
"dryly",
"remarked",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"that",
"\"",
"he",
"stands",
"provisionally",
"as",
"the",
"last",
"great",
"Anglo",
"-",
"American",
"philosopher",
"before",
"Wittgenstein",
"'s",
"disciples",
"spread",
"their",
"misty",
"confusion",
",",
"sufficiency",
",",
"and",
"terror",
".",
"\"",
"French",
"sociologist",
"and",
"anthropologist",
"Bruno",
"Latour",
"even",
"went",
"so",
"far",
"as",
"to",
"call",
"Whitehead",
"\"",
"the",
"greatest",
"philosopher",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"\""
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
27,
30,
40,
43,
48,
58,
61,
73,
75,
78,
85,
86,
95,
104,
106,
110,
118,
124,
128,
134,
135,
143,
151,
154,
164,
168,
170,
177,
184,
187,
195,
203,
204,
210,
219,
223,
234,
242,
244,
252,
255,
261,
269,
273,
283,
286,
297,
303,
307,
314,
316,
320,
324,
331,
334,
339,
347,
355,
359,
364,
367,
371,
380,
384,
393,
400,
405,
415,
422,
424,
428,
436,
438,
448,
452,
454,
462,
466,
470,
471,
476,
483,
487,
500,
503,
512,
519,
521,
525,
528,
533,
540,
544,
555,
559,
572,
575,
583,
587,
593,
598,
600,
605,
608,
613,
617,
627,
635,
638,
647,
658,
660,
664,
673,
680,
683,
694,
697,
704,
705,
714,
724,
727,
731,
736,
743,
745,
755,
759,
764,
768,
772,
773,
781,
790,
793,
797,
809,
818,
820,
825,
828,
835,
839,
840,
854,
866,
873,
880,
882,
886,
891,
897,
906,
909,
919,
924,
925,
928,
935,
949,
952,
956,
961,
967,
972,
973,
982,
994,
1001,
1013,
1016,
1026,
1033,
1039,
1045,
1054,
1056,
1067,
1069,
1073,
1079,
1080,
1082,
1089,
1101,
1105,
1120,
1126,
1133,
1138,
1143,
1146,
1150,
1153,
1156,
1161,
1171,
1172,
1176,
1185,
1197,
1200,
1204,
1209,
1216,
1217
]
} | bbcaac9f5afe48cb8ce27046bc2a6cf6 | Where has interest outside of those areas mainly come from? | {
"tokens": [
"Where",
"has",
"interest",
"outside",
"of",
"those",
"areas",
"mainly",
"come",
"from",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
10,
19,
27,
30,
36,
42,
49,
54,
58
]
} | {
"text": [
"through the work of his students and admirers rather"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
347
],
"end": [
398
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
61
],
"end": [
69
]
}
]
} | [
"through the work of his students and admirers rather"
] |
SQuAD | Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and has tended to come chiefly through the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself. For instance, Whitehead was a teacher and long-time friend and collaborator of Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine, both of whom are important figures in analytic philosophy – the dominant strain of philosophy in English-speaking countries in the 20th century. Whitehead has also had high-profile admirers in the continental tradition, such as French post-structuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who once dryly remarked of Whitehead that "he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror." French sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour even went so far as to call Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century." | {
"tokens": [
"Overall",
",",
"however",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"influence",
"is",
"very",
"difficult",
"to",
"characterize",
".",
"In",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
",",
"his",
"primary",
"works",
"are",
"little",
"-",
"studied",
"outside",
"of",
"Claremont",
"and",
"a",
"select",
"number",
"of",
"liberal",
"graduate",
"-",
"level",
"theology",
"and",
"philosophy",
"programs",
".",
"Outside",
"of",
"these",
"circles",
"his",
"influence",
"is",
"relatively",
"small",
"and",
"diffuse",
",",
"and",
"has",
"tended",
"to",
"come",
"chiefly",
"through",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"his",
"students",
"and",
"admirers",
"rather",
"than",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
".",
"For",
"instance",
",",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"a",
"teacher",
"and",
"long",
"-",
"time",
"friend",
"and",
"collaborator",
"of",
"Bertrand",
"Russell",
",",
"and",
"he",
"also",
"taught",
"and",
"supervised",
"the",
"dissertation",
"of",
"Willard",
"Van",
"Orman",
"Quine",
",",
"both",
"of",
"whom",
"are",
"important",
"figures",
"in",
"analytic",
"philosophy",
"–",
"the",
"dominant",
"strain",
"of",
"philosophy",
"in",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
"in",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"Whitehead",
"has",
"also",
"had",
"high",
"-",
"profile",
"admirers",
"in",
"the",
"continental",
"tradition",
",",
"such",
"as",
"French",
"post",
"-",
"structuralist",
"philosopher",
"Gilles",
"Deleuze",
",",
"who",
"once",
"dryly",
"remarked",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"that",
"\"",
"he",
"stands",
"provisionally",
"as",
"the",
"last",
"great",
"Anglo",
"-",
"American",
"philosopher",
"before",
"Wittgenstein",
"'s",
"disciples",
"spread",
"their",
"misty",
"confusion",
",",
"sufficiency",
",",
"and",
"terror",
".",
"\"",
"French",
"sociologist",
"and",
"anthropologist",
"Bruno",
"Latour",
"even",
"went",
"so",
"far",
"as",
"to",
"call",
"Whitehead",
"\"",
"the",
"greatest",
"philosopher",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"\""
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
27,
30,
40,
43,
48,
58,
61,
73,
75,
78,
85,
86,
95,
104,
106,
110,
118,
124,
128,
134,
135,
143,
151,
154,
164,
168,
170,
177,
184,
187,
195,
203,
204,
210,
219,
223,
234,
242,
244,
252,
255,
261,
269,
273,
283,
286,
297,
303,
307,
314,
316,
320,
324,
331,
334,
339,
347,
355,
359,
364,
367,
371,
380,
384,
393,
400,
405,
415,
422,
424,
428,
436,
438,
448,
452,
454,
462,
466,
470,
471,
476,
483,
487,
500,
503,
512,
519,
521,
525,
528,
533,
540,
544,
555,
559,
572,
575,
583,
587,
593,
598,
600,
605,
608,
613,
617,
627,
635,
638,
647,
658,
660,
664,
673,
680,
683,
694,
697,
704,
705,
714,
724,
727,
731,
736,
743,
745,
755,
759,
764,
768,
772,
773,
781,
790,
793,
797,
809,
818,
820,
825,
828,
835,
839,
840,
854,
866,
873,
880,
882,
886,
891,
897,
906,
909,
919,
924,
925,
928,
935,
949,
952,
956,
961,
967,
972,
973,
982,
994,
1001,
1013,
1016,
1026,
1033,
1039,
1045,
1054,
1056,
1067,
1069,
1073,
1079,
1080,
1082,
1089,
1101,
1105,
1120,
1126,
1133,
1138,
1143,
1146,
1150,
1153,
1156,
1161,
1171,
1172,
1176,
1185,
1197,
1200,
1204,
1209,
1216,
1217
]
} | e7c56744fd794fd0bc9f26132236fb88 | What French sociologist and anthropologist stated that Whitehead was "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century"? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"French",
"sociologist",
"and",
"anthropologist",
"stated",
"that",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"\"",
"the",
"greatest",
"philosopher",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
"\"",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
24,
28,
43,
50,
55,
65,
69,
70,
74,
83,
95,
98,
102,
107,
114,
115
]
} | {
"text": [
"Bruno Latour"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
1120
],
"end": [
1131
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
192
],
"end": [
193
]
}
]
} | [
"Bruno Latour"
] |
SQuAD | Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and has tended to come chiefly through the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself. For instance, Whitehead was a teacher and long-time friend and collaborator of Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine, both of whom are important figures in analytic philosophy – the dominant strain of philosophy in English-speaking countries in the 20th century. Whitehead has also had high-profile admirers in the continental tradition, such as French post-structuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who once dryly remarked of Whitehead that "he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror." French sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour even went so far as to call Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century." | {
"tokens": [
"Overall",
",",
"however",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"influence",
"is",
"very",
"difficult",
"to",
"characterize",
".",
"In",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
",",
"his",
"primary",
"works",
"are",
"little",
"-",
"studied",
"outside",
"of",
"Claremont",
"and",
"a",
"select",
"number",
"of",
"liberal",
"graduate",
"-",
"level",
"theology",
"and",
"philosophy",
"programs",
".",
"Outside",
"of",
"these",
"circles",
"his",
"influence",
"is",
"relatively",
"small",
"and",
"diffuse",
",",
"and",
"has",
"tended",
"to",
"come",
"chiefly",
"through",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"his",
"students",
"and",
"admirers",
"rather",
"than",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
".",
"For",
"instance",
",",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"a",
"teacher",
"and",
"long",
"-",
"time",
"friend",
"and",
"collaborator",
"of",
"Bertrand",
"Russell",
",",
"and",
"he",
"also",
"taught",
"and",
"supervised",
"the",
"dissertation",
"of",
"Willard",
"Van",
"Orman",
"Quine",
",",
"both",
"of",
"whom",
"are",
"important",
"figures",
"in",
"analytic",
"philosophy",
"–",
"the",
"dominant",
"strain",
"of",
"philosophy",
"in",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
"in",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"Whitehead",
"has",
"also",
"had",
"high",
"-",
"profile",
"admirers",
"in",
"the",
"continental",
"tradition",
",",
"such",
"as",
"French",
"post",
"-",
"structuralist",
"philosopher",
"Gilles",
"Deleuze",
",",
"who",
"once",
"dryly",
"remarked",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"that",
"\"",
"he",
"stands",
"provisionally",
"as",
"the",
"last",
"great",
"Anglo",
"-",
"American",
"philosopher",
"before",
"Wittgenstein",
"'s",
"disciples",
"spread",
"their",
"misty",
"confusion",
",",
"sufficiency",
",",
"and",
"terror",
".",
"\"",
"French",
"sociologist",
"and",
"anthropologist",
"Bruno",
"Latour",
"even",
"went",
"so",
"far",
"as",
"to",
"call",
"Whitehead",
"\"",
"the",
"greatest",
"philosopher",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"\""
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
27,
30,
40,
43,
48,
58,
61,
73,
75,
78,
85,
86,
95,
104,
106,
110,
118,
124,
128,
134,
135,
143,
151,
154,
164,
168,
170,
177,
184,
187,
195,
203,
204,
210,
219,
223,
234,
242,
244,
252,
255,
261,
269,
273,
283,
286,
297,
303,
307,
314,
316,
320,
324,
331,
334,
339,
347,
355,
359,
364,
367,
371,
380,
384,
393,
400,
405,
415,
422,
424,
428,
436,
438,
448,
452,
454,
462,
466,
470,
471,
476,
483,
487,
500,
503,
512,
519,
521,
525,
528,
533,
540,
544,
555,
559,
572,
575,
583,
587,
593,
598,
600,
605,
608,
613,
617,
627,
635,
638,
647,
658,
660,
664,
673,
680,
683,
694,
697,
704,
705,
714,
724,
727,
731,
736,
743,
745,
755,
759,
764,
768,
772,
773,
781,
790,
793,
797,
809,
818,
820,
825,
828,
835,
839,
840,
854,
866,
873,
880,
882,
886,
891,
897,
906,
909,
919,
924,
925,
928,
935,
949,
952,
956,
961,
967,
972,
973,
982,
994,
1001,
1013,
1016,
1026,
1033,
1039,
1045,
1054,
1056,
1067,
1069,
1073,
1079,
1080,
1082,
1089,
1101,
1105,
1120,
1126,
1133,
1138,
1143,
1146,
1150,
1153,
1156,
1161,
1171,
1172,
1176,
1185,
1197,
1200,
1204,
1209,
1216,
1217
]
} | d78f1274b09b44a8bd760f550fa07d76 | Where are Whitehead's works primarily studied in English-speaking countries? | {
"tokens": [
"Where",
"are",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"works",
"primarily",
"studied",
"in",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
10,
19,
22,
28,
38,
46,
49,
56,
57,
66,
75
]
} | {
"text": [
"Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
154
],
"end": [
241
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
28
],
"end": [
41
]
}
]
} | [
"Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs"
] |
SQuAD | Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and has tended to come chiefly through the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself. For instance, Whitehead was a teacher and long-time friend and collaborator of Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine, both of whom are important figures in analytic philosophy – the dominant strain of philosophy in English-speaking countries in the 20th century. Whitehead has also had high-profile admirers in the continental tradition, such as French post-structuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who once dryly remarked of Whitehead that "he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror." French sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour even went so far as to call Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century." | {
"tokens": [
"Overall",
",",
"however",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"influence",
"is",
"very",
"difficult",
"to",
"characterize",
".",
"In",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
",",
"his",
"primary",
"works",
"are",
"little",
"-",
"studied",
"outside",
"of",
"Claremont",
"and",
"a",
"select",
"number",
"of",
"liberal",
"graduate",
"-",
"level",
"theology",
"and",
"philosophy",
"programs",
".",
"Outside",
"of",
"these",
"circles",
"his",
"influence",
"is",
"relatively",
"small",
"and",
"diffuse",
",",
"and",
"has",
"tended",
"to",
"come",
"chiefly",
"through",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"his",
"students",
"and",
"admirers",
"rather",
"than",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
".",
"For",
"instance",
",",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"a",
"teacher",
"and",
"long",
"-",
"time",
"friend",
"and",
"collaborator",
"of",
"Bertrand",
"Russell",
",",
"and",
"he",
"also",
"taught",
"and",
"supervised",
"the",
"dissertation",
"of",
"Willard",
"Van",
"Orman",
"Quine",
",",
"both",
"of",
"whom",
"are",
"important",
"figures",
"in",
"analytic",
"philosophy",
"–",
"the",
"dominant",
"strain",
"of",
"philosophy",
"in",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
"in",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"Whitehead",
"has",
"also",
"had",
"high",
"-",
"profile",
"admirers",
"in",
"the",
"continental",
"tradition",
",",
"such",
"as",
"French",
"post",
"-",
"structuralist",
"philosopher",
"Gilles",
"Deleuze",
",",
"who",
"once",
"dryly",
"remarked",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"that",
"\"",
"he",
"stands",
"provisionally",
"as",
"the",
"last",
"great",
"Anglo",
"-",
"American",
"philosopher",
"before",
"Wittgenstein",
"'s",
"disciples",
"spread",
"their",
"misty",
"confusion",
",",
"sufficiency",
",",
"and",
"terror",
".",
"\"",
"French",
"sociologist",
"and",
"anthropologist",
"Bruno",
"Latour",
"even",
"went",
"so",
"far",
"as",
"to",
"call",
"Whitehead",
"\"",
"the",
"greatest",
"philosopher",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"\""
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
27,
30,
40,
43,
48,
58,
61,
73,
75,
78,
85,
86,
95,
104,
106,
110,
118,
124,
128,
134,
135,
143,
151,
154,
164,
168,
170,
177,
184,
187,
195,
203,
204,
210,
219,
223,
234,
242,
244,
252,
255,
261,
269,
273,
283,
286,
297,
303,
307,
314,
316,
320,
324,
331,
334,
339,
347,
355,
359,
364,
367,
371,
380,
384,
393,
400,
405,
415,
422,
424,
428,
436,
438,
448,
452,
454,
462,
466,
470,
471,
476,
483,
487,
500,
503,
512,
519,
521,
525,
528,
533,
540,
544,
555,
559,
572,
575,
583,
587,
593,
598,
600,
605,
608,
613,
617,
627,
635,
638,
647,
658,
660,
664,
673,
680,
683,
694,
697,
704,
705,
714,
724,
727,
731,
736,
743,
745,
755,
759,
764,
768,
772,
773,
781,
790,
793,
797,
809,
818,
820,
825,
828,
835,
839,
840,
854,
866,
873,
880,
882,
886,
891,
897,
906,
909,
919,
924,
925,
928,
935,
949,
952,
956,
961,
967,
972,
973,
982,
994,
1001,
1013,
1016,
1026,
1033,
1039,
1045,
1054,
1056,
1067,
1069,
1073,
1079,
1080,
1082,
1089,
1101,
1105,
1120,
1126,
1133,
1138,
1143,
1146,
1150,
1153,
1156,
1161,
1171,
1172,
1176,
1185,
1197,
1200,
1204,
1209,
1216,
1217
]
} | ff3ac60d18b64afeb097e274e03fc93d | Who are two of Whitehead's students that have gone on to become renowned in the field of analytic philosophy? | {
"tokens": [
"Who",
"are",
"two",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"students",
"that",
"have",
"gone",
"on",
"to",
"become",
"renowned",
"in",
"the",
"field",
"of",
"analytic",
"philosophy",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
12,
15,
24,
27,
36,
41,
46,
51,
54,
57,
64,
73,
76,
80,
86,
89,
98,
108
]
} | {
"text": [
"Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
503
],
"end": [
597
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
89
],
"end": [
104
]
}
]
} | [
"Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine"
] |
SQuAD | Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and has tended to come chiefly through the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself. For instance, Whitehead was a teacher and long-time friend and collaborator of Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine, both of whom are important figures in analytic philosophy – the dominant strain of philosophy in English-speaking countries in the 20th century. Whitehead has also had high-profile admirers in the continental tradition, such as French post-structuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who once dryly remarked of Whitehead that "he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror." French sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour even went so far as to call Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century." | {
"tokens": [
"Overall",
",",
"however",
",",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"influence",
"is",
"very",
"difficult",
"to",
"characterize",
".",
"In",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
",",
"his",
"primary",
"works",
"are",
"little",
"-",
"studied",
"outside",
"of",
"Claremont",
"and",
"a",
"select",
"number",
"of",
"liberal",
"graduate",
"-",
"level",
"theology",
"and",
"philosophy",
"programs",
".",
"Outside",
"of",
"these",
"circles",
"his",
"influence",
"is",
"relatively",
"small",
"and",
"diffuse",
",",
"and",
"has",
"tended",
"to",
"come",
"chiefly",
"through",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"his",
"students",
"and",
"admirers",
"rather",
"than",
"Whitehead",
"himself",
".",
"For",
"instance",
",",
"Whitehead",
"was",
"a",
"teacher",
"and",
"long",
"-",
"time",
"friend",
"and",
"collaborator",
"of",
"Bertrand",
"Russell",
",",
"and",
"he",
"also",
"taught",
"and",
"supervised",
"the",
"dissertation",
"of",
"Willard",
"Van",
"Orman",
"Quine",
",",
"both",
"of",
"whom",
"are",
"important",
"figures",
"in",
"analytic",
"philosophy",
"–",
"the",
"dominant",
"strain",
"of",
"philosophy",
"in",
"English",
"-",
"speaking",
"countries",
"in",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"Whitehead",
"has",
"also",
"had",
"high",
"-",
"profile",
"admirers",
"in",
"the",
"continental",
"tradition",
",",
"such",
"as",
"French",
"post",
"-",
"structuralist",
"philosopher",
"Gilles",
"Deleuze",
",",
"who",
"once",
"dryly",
"remarked",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"that",
"\"",
"he",
"stands",
"provisionally",
"as",
"the",
"last",
"great",
"Anglo",
"-",
"American",
"philosopher",
"before",
"Wittgenstein",
"'s",
"disciples",
"spread",
"their",
"misty",
"confusion",
",",
"sufficiency",
",",
"and",
"terror",
".",
"\"",
"French",
"sociologist",
"and",
"anthropologist",
"Bruno",
"Latour",
"even",
"went",
"so",
"far",
"as",
"to",
"call",
"Whitehead",
"\"",
"the",
"greatest",
"philosopher",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"\""
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
9,
16,
18,
27,
30,
40,
43,
48,
58,
61,
73,
75,
78,
85,
86,
95,
104,
106,
110,
118,
124,
128,
134,
135,
143,
151,
154,
164,
168,
170,
177,
184,
187,
195,
203,
204,
210,
219,
223,
234,
242,
244,
252,
255,
261,
269,
273,
283,
286,
297,
303,
307,
314,
316,
320,
324,
331,
334,
339,
347,
355,
359,
364,
367,
371,
380,
384,
393,
400,
405,
415,
422,
424,
428,
436,
438,
448,
452,
454,
462,
466,
470,
471,
476,
483,
487,
500,
503,
512,
519,
521,
525,
528,
533,
540,
544,
555,
559,
572,
575,
583,
587,
593,
598,
600,
605,
608,
613,
617,
627,
635,
638,
647,
658,
660,
664,
673,
680,
683,
694,
697,
704,
705,
714,
724,
727,
731,
736,
743,
745,
755,
759,
764,
768,
772,
773,
781,
790,
793,
797,
809,
818,
820,
825,
828,
835,
839,
840,
854,
866,
873,
880,
882,
886,
891,
897,
906,
909,
919,
924,
925,
928,
935,
949,
952,
956,
961,
967,
972,
973,
982,
994,
1001,
1013,
1016,
1026,
1033,
1039,
1045,
1054,
1056,
1067,
1069,
1073,
1079,
1080,
1082,
1089,
1101,
1105,
1120,
1126,
1133,
1138,
1143,
1146,
1150,
1153,
1156,
1161,
1171,
1172,
1176,
1185,
1197,
1200,
1204,
1209,
1216,
1217
]
} | 1ab147bcebe946509b7690bf0ffbde2f | What did Gilles Deleuze say about Whitehead? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"did",
"Gilles",
"Deleuze",
"say",
"about",
"Whitehead",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
16,
24,
28,
34,
43
]
} | {
"text": [
"\"he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror.\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
924
],
"end": [
1080
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
161
],
"end": [
187
]
}
]
} | [
"\"he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror.\""
] |
SQuAD | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively impacted the Company's risk-based capital ratio as of June 30, 2008. Had these lowered ratings been in effect at March 31, 2008, IndyMac concluded that the bank's capital ratio would have been 9.27% total risk-based. IndyMac warned that if its regulators found its capital position to have fallen below "well capitalized" (minimum 10% risk-based capital ratio) to "adequately capitalized" (8–10% risk-based capital ratio) the bank might no longer be able to use brokered deposits as a source of funds. | {
"tokens": [
"IndyMac",
"reported",
"that",
"during",
"April",
"2008",
",",
"Moody",
"'s",
"and",
"Standard",
"&",
"Poor",
"'s",
"downgraded",
"the",
"ratings",
"on",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"Mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"security",
"(",
"MBS",
")",
"bonds",
"including",
"$",
"160",
"million",
"of",
"those",
"issued",
"by",
"IndyMac",
"and",
"which",
"the",
"bank",
"retained",
"in",
"its",
"MBS",
"portfolio",
".",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"these",
"downgrades",
"would",
"have",
"negatively",
"impacted",
"the",
"Company",
"'s",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
"as",
"of",
"June",
"30",
",",
"2008",
".",
"Had",
"these",
"lowered",
"ratings",
"been",
"in",
"effect",
"at",
"March",
"31",
",",
"2008",
",",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"bank",
"'s",
"capital",
"ratio",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"9.27",
"%",
"total",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
".",
"IndyMac",
"warned",
"that",
"if",
"its",
"regulators",
"found",
"its",
"capital",
"position",
"to",
"have",
"fallen",
"below",
"\"",
"well",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"minimum",
"10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"to",
"\"",
"adequately",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"8–10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"the",
"bank",
"might",
"no",
"longer",
"be",
"able",
"to",
"use",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"as",
"a",
"source",
"of",
"funds",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
22,
29,
35,
39,
41,
46,
49,
53,
62,
64,
68,
71,
82,
86,
94,
97,
99,
111,
118,
121,
129,
130,
137,
146,
147,
150,
152,
158,
168,
169,
173,
181,
184,
190,
197,
200,
208,
212,
218,
222,
227,
236,
239,
243,
247,
256,
258,
266,
276,
281,
287,
298,
304,
309,
320,
329,
333,
340,
343,
347,
348,
354,
362,
368,
371,
374,
379,
381,
383,
387,
389,
393,
399,
407,
415,
420,
423,
430,
433,
439,
441,
443,
447,
449,
457,
467,
472,
476,
480,
483,
491,
497,
503,
508,
513,
517,
519,
525,
529,
530,
535,
537,
545,
552,
557,
560,
564,
575,
581,
585,
593,
602,
605,
610,
617,
623,
624,
629,
640,
642,
643,
651,
653,
655,
659,
660,
666,
674,
679,
681,
684,
685,
696,
707,
709,
710,
714,
716,
720,
721,
727,
735,
740,
742,
746,
751,
757,
760,
767,
770,
775,
778,
782,
791,
800,
803,
805,
812,
815,
820
]
} | 78e626b0cae6436e8ca3f7a13ebcaa98 | When did Moody's and Standard & Poor downgrade a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds? | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"did",
"Moody",
"'s",
"and",
"Standard",
"&",
"Poor",
"downgrade",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"MBS",
"bonds",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
14,
17,
21,
30,
32,
37,
47,
49,
61,
68,
71,
78,
81,
85,
90
]
} | {
"text": [
"April 2008"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
29
],
"end": [
38
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
4
],
"end": [
5
]
}
]
} | [
"April 2008"
] |
SQuAD | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively impacted the Company's risk-based capital ratio as of June 30, 2008. Had these lowered ratings been in effect at March 31, 2008, IndyMac concluded that the bank's capital ratio would have been 9.27% total risk-based. IndyMac warned that if its regulators found its capital position to have fallen below "well capitalized" (minimum 10% risk-based capital ratio) to "adequately capitalized" (8–10% risk-based capital ratio) the bank might no longer be able to use brokered deposits as a source of funds. | {
"tokens": [
"IndyMac",
"reported",
"that",
"during",
"April",
"2008",
",",
"Moody",
"'s",
"and",
"Standard",
"&",
"Poor",
"'s",
"downgraded",
"the",
"ratings",
"on",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"Mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"security",
"(",
"MBS",
")",
"bonds",
"including",
"$",
"160",
"million",
"of",
"those",
"issued",
"by",
"IndyMac",
"and",
"which",
"the",
"bank",
"retained",
"in",
"its",
"MBS",
"portfolio",
".",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"these",
"downgrades",
"would",
"have",
"negatively",
"impacted",
"the",
"Company",
"'s",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
"as",
"of",
"June",
"30",
",",
"2008",
".",
"Had",
"these",
"lowered",
"ratings",
"been",
"in",
"effect",
"at",
"March",
"31",
",",
"2008",
",",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"bank",
"'s",
"capital",
"ratio",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"9.27",
"%",
"total",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
".",
"IndyMac",
"warned",
"that",
"if",
"its",
"regulators",
"found",
"its",
"capital",
"position",
"to",
"have",
"fallen",
"below",
"\"",
"well",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"minimum",
"10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"to",
"\"",
"adequately",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"8–10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"the",
"bank",
"might",
"no",
"longer",
"be",
"able",
"to",
"use",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"as",
"a",
"source",
"of",
"funds",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
22,
29,
35,
39,
41,
46,
49,
53,
62,
64,
68,
71,
82,
86,
94,
97,
99,
111,
118,
121,
129,
130,
137,
146,
147,
150,
152,
158,
168,
169,
173,
181,
184,
190,
197,
200,
208,
212,
218,
222,
227,
236,
239,
243,
247,
256,
258,
266,
276,
281,
287,
298,
304,
309,
320,
329,
333,
340,
343,
347,
348,
354,
362,
368,
371,
374,
379,
381,
383,
387,
389,
393,
399,
407,
415,
420,
423,
430,
433,
439,
441,
443,
447,
449,
457,
467,
472,
476,
480,
483,
491,
497,
503,
508,
513,
517,
519,
525,
529,
530,
535,
537,
545,
552,
557,
560,
564,
575,
581,
585,
593,
602,
605,
610,
617,
623,
624,
629,
640,
642,
643,
651,
653,
655,
659,
660,
666,
674,
679,
681,
684,
685,
696,
707,
709,
710,
714,
716,
720,
721,
727,
735,
740,
742,
746,
751,
757,
760,
767,
770,
775,
778,
782,
791,
800,
803,
805,
812,
815,
820
]
} | 37c43806ec1c4d7d9438c929726045b8 | If IndyMac's downgraded MBS bond ratings had been in effect at March 31, 2008, what would the bank's capital ratio have been? | {
"tokens": [
"If",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"downgraded",
"MBS",
"bond",
"ratings",
"had",
"been",
"in",
"effect",
"at",
"March",
"31",
",",
"2008",
",",
"what",
"would",
"the",
"bank",
"'s",
"capital",
"ratio",
"have",
"been",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
10,
13,
24,
28,
33,
41,
45,
50,
53,
60,
63,
69,
71,
73,
77,
79,
84,
90,
94,
98,
101,
109,
115,
120,
124
]
} | {
"text": [
"9.27%"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
513
],
"end": [
517
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
97
],
"end": [
98
]
}
]
} | [
"9.27%"
] |
SQuAD | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively impacted the Company's risk-based capital ratio as of June 30, 2008. Had these lowered ratings been in effect at March 31, 2008, IndyMac concluded that the bank's capital ratio would have been 9.27% total risk-based. IndyMac warned that if its regulators found its capital position to have fallen below "well capitalized" (minimum 10% risk-based capital ratio) to "adequately capitalized" (8–10% risk-based capital ratio) the bank might no longer be able to use brokered deposits as a source of funds. | {
"tokens": [
"IndyMac",
"reported",
"that",
"during",
"April",
"2008",
",",
"Moody",
"'s",
"and",
"Standard",
"&",
"Poor",
"'s",
"downgraded",
"the",
"ratings",
"on",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"Mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"security",
"(",
"MBS",
")",
"bonds",
"including",
"$",
"160",
"million",
"of",
"those",
"issued",
"by",
"IndyMac",
"and",
"which",
"the",
"bank",
"retained",
"in",
"its",
"MBS",
"portfolio",
".",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"these",
"downgrades",
"would",
"have",
"negatively",
"impacted",
"the",
"Company",
"'s",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
"as",
"of",
"June",
"30",
",",
"2008",
".",
"Had",
"these",
"lowered",
"ratings",
"been",
"in",
"effect",
"at",
"March",
"31",
",",
"2008",
",",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"bank",
"'s",
"capital",
"ratio",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"9.27",
"%",
"total",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
".",
"IndyMac",
"warned",
"that",
"if",
"its",
"regulators",
"found",
"its",
"capital",
"position",
"to",
"have",
"fallen",
"below",
"\"",
"well",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"minimum",
"10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"to",
"\"",
"adequately",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"8–10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"the",
"bank",
"might",
"no",
"longer",
"be",
"able",
"to",
"use",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"as",
"a",
"source",
"of",
"funds",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
22,
29,
35,
39,
41,
46,
49,
53,
62,
64,
68,
71,
82,
86,
94,
97,
99,
111,
118,
121,
129,
130,
137,
146,
147,
150,
152,
158,
168,
169,
173,
181,
184,
190,
197,
200,
208,
212,
218,
222,
227,
236,
239,
243,
247,
256,
258,
266,
276,
281,
287,
298,
304,
309,
320,
329,
333,
340,
343,
347,
348,
354,
362,
368,
371,
374,
379,
381,
383,
387,
389,
393,
399,
407,
415,
420,
423,
430,
433,
439,
441,
443,
447,
449,
457,
467,
472,
476,
480,
483,
491,
497,
503,
508,
513,
517,
519,
525,
529,
530,
535,
537,
545,
552,
557,
560,
564,
575,
581,
585,
593,
602,
605,
610,
617,
623,
624,
629,
640,
642,
643,
651,
653,
655,
659,
660,
666,
674,
679,
681,
684,
685,
696,
707,
709,
710,
714,
716,
720,
721,
727,
735,
740,
742,
746,
751,
757,
760,
767,
770,
775,
778,
782,
791,
800,
803,
805,
812,
815,
820
]
} | b593e9698a9b4ca5b0e2a1cdf980cafc | What was the value of IndyMac's MBS bonds retained in its MBS portfolio that were downgraded in April 2008? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"value",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"MBS",
"bonds",
"retained",
"in",
"its",
"MBS",
"portfolio",
"that",
"were",
"downgraded",
"in",
"April",
"2008",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
19,
22,
29,
32,
36,
42,
51,
54,
58,
62,
72,
77,
82,
93,
96,
102,
106
]
} | {
"text": [
"$160 million"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
168
],
"end": [
179
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
31
],
"end": [
33
]
}
]
} | [
"$160 million"
] |
SQuAD | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively impacted the Company's risk-based capital ratio as of June 30, 2008. Had these lowered ratings been in effect at March 31, 2008, IndyMac concluded that the bank's capital ratio would have been 9.27% total risk-based. IndyMac warned that if its regulators found its capital position to have fallen below "well capitalized" (minimum 10% risk-based capital ratio) to "adequately capitalized" (8–10% risk-based capital ratio) the bank might no longer be able to use brokered deposits as a source of funds. | {
"tokens": [
"IndyMac",
"reported",
"that",
"during",
"April",
"2008",
",",
"Moody",
"'s",
"and",
"Standard",
"&",
"Poor",
"'s",
"downgraded",
"the",
"ratings",
"on",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"Mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"security",
"(",
"MBS",
")",
"bonds",
"including",
"$",
"160",
"million",
"of",
"those",
"issued",
"by",
"IndyMac",
"and",
"which",
"the",
"bank",
"retained",
"in",
"its",
"MBS",
"portfolio",
".",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"these",
"downgrades",
"would",
"have",
"negatively",
"impacted",
"the",
"Company",
"'s",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
"as",
"of",
"June",
"30",
",",
"2008",
".",
"Had",
"these",
"lowered",
"ratings",
"been",
"in",
"effect",
"at",
"March",
"31",
",",
"2008",
",",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"bank",
"'s",
"capital",
"ratio",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"9.27",
"%",
"total",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
".",
"IndyMac",
"warned",
"that",
"if",
"its",
"regulators",
"found",
"its",
"capital",
"position",
"to",
"have",
"fallen",
"below",
"\"",
"well",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"minimum",
"10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"to",
"\"",
"adequately",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"8–10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"the",
"bank",
"might",
"no",
"longer",
"be",
"able",
"to",
"use",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"as",
"a",
"source",
"of",
"funds",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
22,
29,
35,
39,
41,
46,
49,
53,
62,
64,
68,
71,
82,
86,
94,
97,
99,
111,
118,
121,
129,
130,
137,
146,
147,
150,
152,
158,
168,
169,
173,
181,
184,
190,
197,
200,
208,
212,
218,
222,
227,
236,
239,
243,
247,
256,
258,
266,
276,
281,
287,
298,
304,
309,
320,
329,
333,
340,
343,
347,
348,
354,
362,
368,
371,
374,
379,
381,
383,
387,
389,
393,
399,
407,
415,
420,
423,
430,
433,
439,
441,
443,
447,
449,
457,
467,
472,
476,
480,
483,
491,
497,
503,
508,
513,
517,
519,
525,
529,
530,
535,
537,
545,
552,
557,
560,
564,
575,
581,
585,
593,
602,
605,
610,
617,
623,
624,
629,
640,
642,
643,
651,
653,
655,
659,
660,
666,
674,
679,
681,
684,
685,
696,
707,
709,
710,
714,
716,
720,
721,
727,
735,
740,
742,
746,
751,
757,
760,
767,
770,
775,
778,
782,
791,
800,
803,
805,
812,
815,
820
]
} | d678b5e82bc64d808ff0131e26f579d6 | What was one of the agencies that downgraded a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds in April 2008? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"agencies",
"that",
"downgraded",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"MBS",
"bonds",
"in",
"April",
"2008",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
16,
20,
29,
34,
45,
47,
59,
66,
69,
76,
79,
83,
89,
92,
98,
102
]
} | {
"text": [
"Moody's"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
41
],
"end": [
47
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
7
],
"end": [
8
]
}
]
} | [
"Moody's"
] |
SQuAD | IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively impacted the Company's risk-based capital ratio as of June 30, 2008. Had these lowered ratings been in effect at March 31, 2008, IndyMac concluded that the bank's capital ratio would have been 9.27% total risk-based. IndyMac warned that if its regulators found its capital position to have fallen below "well capitalized" (minimum 10% risk-based capital ratio) to "adequately capitalized" (8–10% risk-based capital ratio) the bank might no longer be able to use brokered deposits as a source of funds. | {
"tokens": [
"IndyMac",
"reported",
"that",
"during",
"April",
"2008",
",",
"Moody",
"'s",
"and",
"Standard",
"&",
"Poor",
"'s",
"downgraded",
"the",
"ratings",
"on",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"Mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"security",
"(",
"MBS",
")",
"bonds",
"including",
"$",
"160",
"million",
"of",
"those",
"issued",
"by",
"IndyMac",
"and",
"which",
"the",
"bank",
"retained",
"in",
"its",
"MBS",
"portfolio",
".",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"these",
"downgrades",
"would",
"have",
"negatively",
"impacted",
"the",
"Company",
"'s",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
"as",
"of",
"June",
"30",
",",
"2008",
".",
"Had",
"these",
"lowered",
"ratings",
"been",
"in",
"effect",
"at",
"March",
"31",
",",
"2008",
",",
"IndyMac",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"bank",
"'s",
"capital",
"ratio",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"9.27",
"%",
"total",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
".",
"IndyMac",
"warned",
"that",
"if",
"its",
"regulators",
"found",
"its",
"capital",
"position",
"to",
"have",
"fallen",
"below",
"\"",
"well",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"minimum",
"10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"to",
"\"",
"adequately",
"capitalized",
"\"",
"(",
"8–10",
"%",
"risk",
"-",
"based",
"capital",
"ratio",
")",
"the",
"bank",
"might",
"no",
"longer",
"be",
"able",
"to",
"use",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"as",
"a",
"source",
"of",
"funds",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
22,
29,
35,
39,
41,
46,
49,
53,
62,
64,
68,
71,
82,
86,
94,
97,
99,
111,
118,
121,
129,
130,
137,
146,
147,
150,
152,
158,
168,
169,
173,
181,
184,
190,
197,
200,
208,
212,
218,
222,
227,
236,
239,
243,
247,
256,
258,
266,
276,
281,
287,
298,
304,
309,
320,
329,
333,
340,
343,
347,
348,
354,
362,
368,
371,
374,
379,
381,
383,
387,
389,
393,
399,
407,
415,
420,
423,
430,
433,
439,
441,
443,
447,
449,
457,
467,
472,
476,
480,
483,
491,
497,
503,
508,
513,
517,
519,
525,
529,
530,
535,
537,
545,
552,
557,
560,
564,
575,
581,
585,
593,
602,
605,
610,
617,
623,
624,
629,
640,
642,
643,
651,
653,
655,
659,
660,
666,
674,
679,
681,
684,
685,
696,
707,
709,
710,
714,
716,
720,
721,
727,
735,
740,
742,
746,
751,
757,
760,
767,
770,
775,
778,
782,
791,
800,
803,
805,
812,
815,
820
]
} | 35d56c96fbbb43b483f2619df4952bd7 | What is a well capitalized ratio? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"a",
"well",
"capitalized",
"ratio",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
10,
15,
27,
32
]
} | {
"text": [
"minimum 10% risk-based"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
643
],
"end": [
664
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
123
],
"end": [
128
]
}
]
} | [
"minimum 10% risk-based"
] |
SQuAD | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking. | {
"tokens": [
"To",
"put",
"it",
"another",
"way",
",",
"a",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"is",
"often",
"seen",
"as",
"having",
"a",
"\"",
"defining",
"essence",
"\"",
"or",
"a",
"\"",
"core",
"identity",
"\"",
"that",
"is",
"unchanging",
",",
"and",
"describes",
"what",
"the",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"really",
"is",
".",
"In",
"this",
"way",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"things",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"seen",
"as",
"fundamentally",
"the",
"same",
"through",
"time",
",",
"with",
"any",
"changes",
"being",
"qualitative",
"and",
"secondary",
"to",
"their",
"core",
"identity",
"(",
"e.g.",
"\"",
"Mark",
"'s",
"hair",
"has",
"turned",
"gray",
"as",
"he",
"has",
"gotten",
"older",
",",
"but",
"he",
"is",
"still",
"the",
"same",
"person",
"\"",
")",
".",
"But",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"the",
"only",
"fundamentally",
"existent",
"things",
"are",
"discrete",
"\"",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"\"",
"that",
"overlap",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
",",
"and",
"jointly",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"enduring",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"what",
"ordinary",
"thinking",
"often",
"regards",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"essence",
"of",
"a",
"thing",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"the",
"identity",
"/",
"core",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"\"",
"is",
"an",
"abstract",
"generalization",
"of",
"what",
"is",
"regarded",
"as",
"that",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
"'s",
"most",
"important",
"or",
"salient",
"features",
"across",
"time",
".",
"Identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"people",
"define",
"identities",
".",
"Everything",
"changes",
"from",
"moment",
"to",
"moment",
",",
"and",
"to",
"think",
"of",
"anything",
"as",
"having",
"an",
"\"",
"enduring",
"essence",
"\"",
"misses",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"\"",
"all",
"things",
"flow",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"it",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"useful",
"way",
"of",
"speaking",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
7,
10,
18,
21,
23,
25,
31,
34,
41,
44,
50,
55,
58,
65,
67,
68,
77,
84,
86,
89,
91,
92,
97,
105,
107,
112,
115,
125,
127,
131,
141,
146,
150,
156,
159,
166,
173,
175,
177,
180,
185,
189,
192,
200,
202,
209,
213,
220,
224,
229,
232,
246,
250,
255,
263,
267,
269,
274,
278,
286,
292,
304,
308,
318,
321,
327,
332,
341,
342,
347,
348,
352,
355,
360,
364,
371,
376,
379,
382,
386,
393,
398,
400,
404,
407,
410,
416,
420,
425,
431,
432,
433,
435,
439,
442,
451,
454,
463,
465,
469,
474,
488,
497,
504,
508,
517,
518,
528,
531,
541,
543,
548,
556,
560,
568,
571,
576,
580,
585,
587,
591,
599,
604,
607,
611,
620,
627,
630,
635,
637,
640,
644,
650,
654,
656,
661,
670,
679,
685,
693,
696,
697,
701,
709,
712,
714,
719,
721,
724,
725,
729,
737,
738,
743,
746,
748,
754,
756,
759,
762,
771,
786,
789,
794,
797,
806,
809,
814,
821,
824,
829,
832,
837,
847,
850,
858,
867,
874,
878,
880,
891,
894,
898,
905,
911,
913,
920,
927,
937,
939,
950,
958,
963,
970,
973,
979,
981,
985,
988,
994,
997,
1006,
1009,
1016,
1019,
1020,
1029,
1036,
1038,
1045,
1049,
1054,
1059,
1060,
1064,
1071,
1075,
1076,
1078,
1085,
1088,
1091,
1097,
1099,
1106,
1110,
1113,
1121
]
} | 8fbafdc58050457586bf7a0c7b5cd6ec | What did Whitehead believe were essentially the only things that truly exist? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"believe",
"were",
"essentially",
"the",
"only",
"things",
"that",
"truly",
"exist",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
19,
27,
32,
44,
48,
53,
60,
65,
71,
76
]
} | {
"text": [
"discrete \"occasions of experience\" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
508
],
"end": [
634
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
106
],
"end": [
129
]
}
]
} | [
"discrete \"occasions of experience\" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing"
] |
SQuAD | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking. | {
"tokens": [
"To",
"put",
"it",
"another",
"way",
",",
"a",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"is",
"often",
"seen",
"as",
"having",
"a",
"\"",
"defining",
"essence",
"\"",
"or",
"a",
"\"",
"core",
"identity",
"\"",
"that",
"is",
"unchanging",
",",
"and",
"describes",
"what",
"the",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"really",
"is",
".",
"In",
"this",
"way",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"things",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"seen",
"as",
"fundamentally",
"the",
"same",
"through",
"time",
",",
"with",
"any",
"changes",
"being",
"qualitative",
"and",
"secondary",
"to",
"their",
"core",
"identity",
"(",
"e.g.",
"\"",
"Mark",
"'s",
"hair",
"has",
"turned",
"gray",
"as",
"he",
"has",
"gotten",
"older",
",",
"but",
"he",
"is",
"still",
"the",
"same",
"person",
"\"",
")",
".",
"But",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"the",
"only",
"fundamentally",
"existent",
"things",
"are",
"discrete",
"\"",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"\"",
"that",
"overlap",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
",",
"and",
"jointly",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"enduring",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"what",
"ordinary",
"thinking",
"often",
"regards",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"essence",
"of",
"a",
"thing",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"the",
"identity",
"/",
"core",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"\"",
"is",
"an",
"abstract",
"generalization",
"of",
"what",
"is",
"regarded",
"as",
"that",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
"'s",
"most",
"important",
"or",
"salient",
"features",
"across",
"time",
".",
"Identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"people",
"define",
"identities",
".",
"Everything",
"changes",
"from",
"moment",
"to",
"moment",
",",
"and",
"to",
"think",
"of",
"anything",
"as",
"having",
"an",
"\"",
"enduring",
"essence",
"\"",
"misses",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"\"",
"all",
"things",
"flow",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"it",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"useful",
"way",
"of",
"speaking",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
7,
10,
18,
21,
23,
25,
31,
34,
41,
44,
50,
55,
58,
65,
67,
68,
77,
84,
86,
89,
91,
92,
97,
105,
107,
112,
115,
125,
127,
131,
141,
146,
150,
156,
159,
166,
173,
175,
177,
180,
185,
189,
192,
200,
202,
209,
213,
220,
224,
229,
232,
246,
250,
255,
263,
267,
269,
274,
278,
286,
292,
304,
308,
318,
321,
327,
332,
341,
342,
347,
348,
352,
355,
360,
364,
371,
376,
379,
382,
386,
393,
398,
400,
404,
407,
410,
416,
420,
425,
431,
432,
433,
435,
439,
442,
451,
454,
463,
465,
469,
474,
488,
497,
504,
508,
517,
518,
528,
531,
541,
543,
548,
556,
560,
568,
571,
576,
580,
585,
587,
591,
599,
604,
607,
611,
620,
627,
630,
635,
637,
640,
644,
650,
654,
656,
661,
670,
679,
685,
693,
696,
697,
701,
709,
712,
714,
719,
721,
724,
725,
729,
737,
738,
743,
746,
748,
754,
756,
759,
762,
771,
786,
789,
794,
797,
806,
809,
814,
821,
824,
829,
832,
837,
847,
850,
858,
867,
874,
878,
880,
891,
894,
898,
905,
911,
913,
920,
927,
937,
939,
950,
958,
963,
970,
973,
979,
981,
985,
988,
994,
997,
1006,
1009,
1016,
1019,
1020,
1029,
1036,
1038,
1045,
1049,
1054,
1059,
1060,
1064,
1071,
1075,
1076,
1078,
1085,
1088,
1091,
1097,
1099,
1106,
1110,
1113,
1121
]
} | b4a179fd318d439484e5ee7fe4fdde7b | Regarding the idea that individuals or objects don't fundamentally change, what terms can be used to describe what an object or individual actually is? | {
"tokens": [
"Regarding",
"the",
"idea",
"that",
"individuals",
"or",
"objects",
"do",
"n't",
"fundamentally",
"change",
",",
"what",
"terms",
"can",
"be",
"used",
"to",
"describe",
"what",
"an",
"object",
"or",
"individual",
"actually",
"is",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
14,
19,
24,
36,
39,
47,
49,
53,
67,
73,
75,
80,
86,
90,
93,
98,
101,
110,
115,
118,
125,
128,
139,
148,
150
]
} | {
"text": [
"\"defining essence\" or a \"core identity\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
67
],
"end": [
105
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
16
],
"end": [
25
]
}
]
} | [
"\"defining essence\" or a \"core identity\""
] |
SQuAD | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking. | {
"tokens": [
"To",
"put",
"it",
"another",
"way",
",",
"a",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"is",
"often",
"seen",
"as",
"having",
"a",
"\"",
"defining",
"essence",
"\"",
"or",
"a",
"\"",
"core",
"identity",
"\"",
"that",
"is",
"unchanging",
",",
"and",
"describes",
"what",
"the",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"really",
"is",
".",
"In",
"this",
"way",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"things",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"seen",
"as",
"fundamentally",
"the",
"same",
"through",
"time",
",",
"with",
"any",
"changes",
"being",
"qualitative",
"and",
"secondary",
"to",
"their",
"core",
"identity",
"(",
"e.g.",
"\"",
"Mark",
"'s",
"hair",
"has",
"turned",
"gray",
"as",
"he",
"has",
"gotten",
"older",
",",
"but",
"he",
"is",
"still",
"the",
"same",
"person",
"\"",
")",
".",
"But",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"the",
"only",
"fundamentally",
"existent",
"things",
"are",
"discrete",
"\"",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"\"",
"that",
"overlap",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
",",
"and",
"jointly",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"enduring",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"what",
"ordinary",
"thinking",
"often",
"regards",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"essence",
"of",
"a",
"thing",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"the",
"identity",
"/",
"core",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"\"",
"is",
"an",
"abstract",
"generalization",
"of",
"what",
"is",
"regarded",
"as",
"that",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
"'s",
"most",
"important",
"or",
"salient",
"features",
"across",
"time",
".",
"Identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"people",
"define",
"identities",
".",
"Everything",
"changes",
"from",
"moment",
"to",
"moment",
",",
"and",
"to",
"think",
"of",
"anything",
"as",
"having",
"an",
"\"",
"enduring",
"essence",
"\"",
"misses",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"\"",
"all",
"things",
"flow",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"it",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"useful",
"way",
"of",
"speaking",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
7,
10,
18,
21,
23,
25,
31,
34,
41,
44,
50,
55,
58,
65,
67,
68,
77,
84,
86,
89,
91,
92,
97,
105,
107,
112,
115,
125,
127,
131,
141,
146,
150,
156,
159,
166,
173,
175,
177,
180,
185,
189,
192,
200,
202,
209,
213,
220,
224,
229,
232,
246,
250,
255,
263,
267,
269,
274,
278,
286,
292,
304,
308,
318,
321,
327,
332,
341,
342,
347,
348,
352,
355,
360,
364,
371,
376,
379,
382,
386,
393,
398,
400,
404,
407,
410,
416,
420,
425,
431,
432,
433,
435,
439,
442,
451,
454,
463,
465,
469,
474,
488,
497,
504,
508,
517,
518,
528,
531,
541,
543,
548,
556,
560,
568,
571,
576,
580,
585,
587,
591,
599,
604,
607,
611,
620,
627,
630,
635,
637,
640,
644,
650,
654,
656,
661,
670,
679,
685,
693,
696,
697,
701,
709,
712,
714,
719,
721,
724,
725,
729,
737,
738,
743,
746,
748,
754,
756,
759,
762,
771,
786,
789,
794,
797,
806,
809,
814,
821,
824,
829,
832,
837,
847,
850,
858,
867,
874,
878,
880,
891,
894,
898,
905,
911,
913,
920,
927,
937,
939,
950,
958,
963,
970,
973,
979,
981,
985,
988,
994,
997,
1006,
1009,
1016,
1019,
1020,
1029,
1036,
1038,
1045,
1049,
1054,
1059,
1060,
1064,
1071,
1075,
1076,
1078,
1085,
1088,
1091,
1097,
1099,
1106,
1110,
1113,
1121
]
} | 48a95ebcc4ea4cf897ab070a42de29b3 | In that line of thinking, how are changes described? | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"that",
"line",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"how",
"are",
"changes",
"described",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
8,
13,
16,
24,
26,
30,
34,
42,
51
]
} | {
"text": [
"qualitative and secondary to their core identity"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
292
],
"end": [
339
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
62
],
"end": [
68
]
}
]
} | [
"qualitative and secondary to their core identity"
] |
SQuAD | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking. | {
"tokens": [
"To",
"put",
"it",
"another",
"way",
",",
"a",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"is",
"often",
"seen",
"as",
"having",
"a",
"\"",
"defining",
"essence",
"\"",
"or",
"a",
"\"",
"core",
"identity",
"\"",
"that",
"is",
"unchanging",
",",
"and",
"describes",
"what",
"the",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"really",
"is",
".",
"In",
"this",
"way",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"things",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"seen",
"as",
"fundamentally",
"the",
"same",
"through",
"time",
",",
"with",
"any",
"changes",
"being",
"qualitative",
"and",
"secondary",
"to",
"their",
"core",
"identity",
"(",
"e.g.",
"\"",
"Mark",
"'s",
"hair",
"has",
"turned",
"gray",
"as",
"he",
"has",
"gotten",
"older",
",",
"but",
"he",
"is",
"still",
"the",
"same",
"person",
"\"",
")",
".",
"But",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"the",
"only",
"fundamentally",
"existent",
"things",
"are",
"discrete",
"\"",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"\"",
"that",
"overlap",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
",",
"and",
"jointly",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"enduring",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"what",
"ordinary",
"thinking",
"often",
"regards",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"essence",
"of",
"a",
"thing",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"the",
"identity",
"/",
"core",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"\"",
"is",
"an",
"abstract",
"generalization",
"of",
"what",
"is",
"regarded",
"as",
"that",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
"'s",
"most",
"important",
"or",
"salient",
"features",
"across",
"time",
".",
"Identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"people",
"define",
"identities",
".",
"Everything",
"changes",
"from",
"moment",
"to",
"moment",
",",
"and",
"to",
"think",
"of",
"anything",
"as",
"having",
"an",
"\"",
"enduring",
"essence",
"\"",
"misses",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"\"",
"all",
"things",
"flow",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"it",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"useful",
"way",
"of",
"speaking",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
7,
10,
18,
21,
23,
25,
31,
34,
41,
44,
50,
55,
58,
65,
67,
68,
77,
84,
86,
89,
91,
92,
97,
105,
107,
112,
115,
125,
127,
131,
141,
146,
150,
156,
159,
166,
173,
175,
177,
180,
185,
189,
192,
200,
202,
209,
213,
220,
224,
229,
232,
246,
250,
255,
263,
267,
269,
274,
278,
286,
292,
304,
308,
318,
321,
327,
332,
341,
342,
347,
348,
352,
355,
360,
364,
371,
376,
379,
382,
386,
393,
398,
400,
404,
407,
410,
416,
420,
425,
431,
432,
433,
435,
439,
442,
451,
454,
463,
465,
469,
474,
488,
497,
504,
508,
517,
518,
528,
531,
541,
543,
548,
556,
560,
568,
571,
576,
580,
585,
587,
591,
599,
604,
607,
611,
620,
627,
630,
635,
637,
640,
644,
650,
654,
656,
661,
670,
679,
685,
693,
696,
697,
701,
709,
712,
714,
719,
721,
724,
725,
729,
737,
738,
743,
746,
748,
754,
756,
759,
762,
771,
786,
789,
794,
797,
806,
809,
814,
821,
824,
829,
832,
837,
847,
850,
858,
867,
874,
878,
880,
891,
894,
898,
905,
911,
913,
920,
927,
937,
939,
950,
958,
963,
970,
973,
979,
981,
985,
988,
994,
997,
1006,
1009,
1016,
1019,
1020,
1029,
1036,
1038,
1045,
1049,
1054,
1059,
1060,
1064,
1071,
1075,
1076,
1078,
1085,
1088,
1091,
1097,
1099,
1106,
1110,
1113,
1121
]
} | 04ed96959a454fc7b195e0e4ba8a2189 | The idea that people are unchanging and stay the same even through changes is considered what? | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"idea",
"that",
"people",
"are",
"unchanging",
"and",
"stay",
"the",
"same",
"even",
"through",
"changes",
"is",
"considered",
"what",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
14,
21,
25,
36,
40,
45,
49,
54,
59,
67,
75,
78,
89,
93
]
} | {
"text": [
"defining essence"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
68
],
"end": [
83
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
17
],
"end": [
18
]
}
]
} | [
"defining essence"
] |
SQuAD | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking. | {
"tokens": [
"To",
"put",
"it",
"another",
"way",
",",
"a",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"is",
"often",
"seen",
"as",
"having",
"a",
"\"",
"defining",
"essence",
"\"",
"or",
"a",
"\"",
"core",
"identity",
"\"",
"that",
"is",
"unchanging",
",",
"and",
"describes",
"what",
"the",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"really",
"is",
".",
"In",
"this",
"way",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"things",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"seen",
"as",
"fundamentally",
"the",
"same",
"through",
"time",
",",
"with",
"any",
"changes",
"being",
"qualitative",
"and",
"secondary",
"to",
"their",
"core",
"identity",
"(",
"e.g.",
"\"",
"Mark",
"'s",
"hair",
"has",
"turned",
"gray",
"as",
"he",
"has",
"gotten",
"older",
",",
"but",
"he",
"is",
"still",
"the",
"same",
"person",
"\"",
")",
".",
"But",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"the",
"only",
"fundamentally",
"existent",
"things",
"are",
"discrete",
"\"",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"\"",
"that",
"overlap",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
",",
"and",
"jointly",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"enduring",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"what",
"ordinary",
"thinking",
"often",
"regards",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"essence",
"of",
"a",
"thing",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"the",
"identity",
"/",
"core",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"\"",
"is",
"an",
"abstract",
"generalization",
"of",
"what",
"is",
"regarded",
"as",
"that",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
"'s",
"most",
"important",
"or",
"salient",
"features",
"across",
"time",
".",
"Identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"people",
"define",
"identities",
".",
"Everything",
"changes",
"from",
"moment",
"to",
"moment",
",",
"and",
"to",
"think",
"of",
"anything",
"as",
"having",
"an",
"\"",
"enduring",
"essence",
"\"",
"misses",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"\"",
"all",
"things",
"flow",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"it",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"useful",
"way",
"of",
"speaking",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
7,
10,
18,
21,
23,
25,
31,
34,
41,
44,
50,
55,
58,
65,
67,
68,
77,
84,
86,
89,
91,
92,
97,
105,
107,
112,
115,
125,
127,
131,
141,
146,
150,
156,
159,
166,
173,
175,
177,
180,
185,
189,
192,
200,
202,
209,
213,
220,
224,
229,
232,
246,
250,
255,
263,
267,
269,
274,
278,
286,
292,
304,
308,
318,
321,
327,
332,
341,
342,
347,
348,
352,
355,
360,
364,
371,
376,
379,
382,
386,
393,
398,
400,
404,
407,
410,
416,
420,
425,
431,
432,
433,
435,
439,
442,
451,
454,
463,
465,
469,
474,
488,
497,
504,
508,
517,
518,
528,
531,
541,
543,
548,
556,
560,
568,
571,
576,
580,
585,
587,
591,
599,
604,
607,
611,
620,
627,
630,
635,
637,
640,
644,
650,
654,
656,
661,
670,
679,
685,
693,
696,
697,
701,
709,
712,
714,
719,
721,
724,
725,
729,
737,
738,
743,
746,
748,
754,
756,
759,
762,
771,
786,
789,
794,
797,
806,
809,
814,
821,
824,
829,
832,
837,
847,
850,
858,
867,
874,
878,
880,
891,
894,
898,
905,
911,
913,
920,
927,
937,
939,
950,
958,
963,
970,
973,
979,
981,
985,
988,
994,
997,
1006,
1009,
1016,
1019,
1020,
1029,
1036,
1038,
1045,
1049,
1054,
1059,
1060,
1064,
1071,
1075,
1076,
1078,
1085,
1088,
1091,
1097,
1099,
1106,
1110,
1113,
1121
]
} | d498dbf6a8f842ed8a2d53ec3d515c7d | In Whitehead's cosmology, what are the only things that fundamentally exist? | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"what",
"are",
"the",
"only",
"things",
"that",
"fundamentally",
"exist",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
12,
15,
24,
26,
31,
35,
39,
44,
51,
56,
70,
75
]
} | {
"text": [
"occasions of experience"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
518
],
"end": [
540
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
108
],
"end": [
110
]
}
]
} | [
"occasions of experience"
] |
SQuAD | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking. | {
"tokens": [
"To",
"put",
"it",
"another",
"way",
",",
"a",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"is",
"often",
"seen",
"as",
"having",
"a",
"\"",
"defining",
"essence",
"\"",
"or",
"a",
"\"",
"core",
"identity",
"\"",
"that",
"is",
"unchanging",
",",
"and",
"describes",
"what",
"the",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"really",
"is",
".",
"In",
"this",
"way",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"things",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"seen",
"as",
"fundamentally",
"the",
"same",
"through",
"time",
",",
"with",
"any",
"changes",
"being",
"qualitative",
"and",
"secondary",
"to",
"their",
"core",
"identity",
"(",
"e.g.",
"\"",
"Mark",
"'s",
"hair",
"has",
"turned",
"gray",
"as",
"he",
"has",
"gotten",
"older",
",",
"but",
"he",
"is",
"still",
"the",
"same",
"person",
"\"",
")",
".",
"But",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"the",
"only",
"fundamentally",
"existent",
"things",
"are",
"discrete",
"\"",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"\"",
"that",
"overlap",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
",",
"and",
"jointly",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"enduring",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"what",
"ordinary",
"thinking",
"often",
"regards",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"essence",
"of",
"a",
"thing",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"the",
"identity",
"/",
"core",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"\"",
"is",
"an",
"abstract",
"generalization",
"of",
"what",
"is",
"regarded",
"as",
"that",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
"'s",
"most",
"important",
"or",
"salient",
"features",
"across",
"time",
".",
"Identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"people",
"define",
"identities",
".",
"Everything",
"changes",
"from",
"moment",
"to",
"moment",
",",
"and",
"to",
"think",
"of",
"anything",
"as",
"having",
"an",
"\"",
"enduring",
"essence",
"\"",
"misses",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"\"",
"all",
"things",
"flow",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"it",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"useful",
"way",
"of",
"speaking",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
7,
10,
18,
21,
23,
25,
31,
34,
41,
44,
50,
55,
58,
65,
67,
68,
77,
84,
86,
89,
91,
92,
97,
105,
107,
112,
115,
125,
127,
131,
141,
146,
150,
156,
159,
166,
173,
175,
177,
180,
185,
189,
192,
200,
202,
209,
213,
220,
224,
229,
232,
246,
250,
255,
263,
267,
269,
274,
278,
286,
292,
304,
308,
318,
321,
327,
332,
341,
342,
347,
348,
352,
355,
360,
364,
371,
376,
379,
382,
386,
393,
398,
400,
404,
407,
410,
416,
420,
425,
431,
432,
433,
435,
439,
442,
451,
454,
463,
465,
469,
474,
488,
497,
504,
508,
517,
518,
528,
531,
541,
543,
548,
556,
560,
568,
571,
576,
580,
585,
587,
591,
599,
604,
607,
611,
620,
627,
630,
635,
637,
640,
644,
650,
654,
656,
661,
670,
679,
685,
693,
696,
697,
701,
709,
712,
714,
719,
721,
724,
725,
729,
737,
738,
743,
746,
748,
754,
756,
759,
762,
771,
786,
789,
794,
797,
806,
809,
814,
821,
824,
829,
832,
837,
847,
850,
858,
867,
874,
878,
880,
891,
894,
898,
905,
911,
913,
920,
927,
937,
939,
950,
958,
963,
970,
973,
979,
981,
985,
988,
994,
997,
1006,
1009,
1016,
1019,
1020,
1029,
1036,
1038,
1045,
1049,
1054,
1059,
1060,
1064,
1071,
1075,
1076,
1078,
1085,
1088,
1091,
1097,
1099,
1106,
1110,
1113,
1121
]
} | d1480a943d5e4ee5981fa99041239ad8 | Where do occasions of experience overlap? | {
"tokens": [
"Where",
"do",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"overlap",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
19,
22,
33,
40
]
} | {
"text": [
"time and space"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
571
],
"end": [
584
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
117
],
"end": [
119
]
}
]
} | [
"time and space"
] |
SQuAD | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking. | {
"tokens": [
"To",
"put",
"it",
"another",
"way",
",",
"a",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"is",
"often",
"seen",
"as",
"having",
"a",
"\"",
"defining",
"essence",
"\"",
"or",
"a",
"\"",
"core",
"identity",
"\"",
"that",
"is",
"unchanging",
",",
"and",
"describes",
"what",
"the",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"really",
"is",
".",
"In",
"this",
"way",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"things",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"seen",
"as",
"fundamentally",
"the",
"same",
"through",
"time",
",",
"with",
"any",
"changes",
"being",
"qualitative",
"and",
"secondary",
"to",
"their",
"core",
"identity",
"(",
"e.g.",
"\"",
"Mark",
"'s",
"hair",
"has",
"turned",
"gray",
"as",
"he",
"has",
"gotten",
"older",
",",
"but",
"he",
"is",
"still",
"the",
"same",
"person",
"\"",
")",
".",
"But",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"the",
"only",
"fundamentally",
"existent",
"things",
"are",
"discrete",
"\"",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"\"",
"that",
"overlap",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
",",
"and",
"jointly",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"enduring",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"what",
"ordinary",
"thinking",
"often",
"regards",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"essence",
"of",
"a",
"thing",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"the",
"identity",
"/",
"core",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"\"",
"is",
"an",
"abstract",
"generalization",
"of",
"what",
"is",
"regarded",
"as",
"that",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
"'s",
"most",
"important",
"or",
"salient",
"features",
"across",
"time",
".",
"Identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"people",
"define",
"identities",
".",
"Everything",
"changes",
"from",
"moment",
"to",
"moment",
",",
"and",
"to",
"think",
"of",
"anything",
"as",
"having",
"an",
"\"",
"enduring",
"essence",
"\"",
"misses",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"\"",
"all",
"things",
"flow",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"it",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"useful",
"way",
"of",
"speaking",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
7,
10,
18,
21,
23,
25,
31,
34,
41,
44,
50,
55,
58,
65,
67,
68,
77,
84,
86,
89,
91,
92,
97,
105,
107,
112,
115,
125,
127,
131,
141,
146,
150,
156,
159,
166,
173,
175,
177,
180,
185,
189,
192,
200,
202,
209,
213,
220,
224,
229,
232,
246,
250,
255,
263,
267,
269,
274,
278,
286,
292,
304,
308,
318,
321,
327,
332,
341,
342,
347,
348,
352,
355,
360,
364,
371,
376,
379,
382,
386,
393,
398,
400,
404,
407,
410,
416,
420,
425,
431,
432,
433,
435,
439,
442,
451,
454,
463,
465,
469,
474,
488,
497,
504,
508,
517,
518,
528,
531,
541,
543,
548,
556,
560,
568,
571,
576,
580,
585,
587,
591,
599,
604,
607,
611,
620,
627,
630,
635,
637,
640,
644,
650,
654,
656,
661,
670,
679,
685,
693,
696,
697,
701,
709,
712,
714,
719,
721,
724,
725,
729,
737,
738,
743,
746,
748,
754,
756,
759,
762,
771,
786,
789,
794,
797,
806,
809,
814,
821,
824,
829,
832,
837,
847,
850,
858,
867,
874,
878,
880,
891,
894,
898,
905,
911,
913,
920,
927,
937,
939,
950,
958,
963,
970,
973,
979,
981,
985,
988,
994,
997,
1006,
1009,
1016,
1019,
1020,
1029,
1036,
1038,
1045,
1049,
1054,
1059,
1060,
1064,
1071,
1075,
1076,
1078,
1085,
1088,
1091,
1097,
1099,
1106,
1110,
1113,
1121
]
} | 3f642f412f5b411bbc27936a56c903dd | Instead of having an enduring essence, what does Whitehead believe? | {
"tokens": [
"Instead",
"of",
"having",
"an",
"enduring",
"essence",
",",
"what",
"does",
"Whitehead",
"believe",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
11,
18,
21,
30,
37,
39,
44,
49,
59,
66
]
} | {
"text": [
"all things flow\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
1060
],
"end": [
1075
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
215
],
"end": [
218
]
}
]
} | [
"all things flow\""
] |
SQuAD | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking. | {
"tokens": [
"To",
"put",
"it",
"another",
"way",
",",
"a",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"is",
"often",
"seen",
"as",
"having",
"a",
"\"",
"defining",
"essence",
"\"",
"or",
"a",
"\"",
"core",
"identity",
"\"",
"that",
"is",
"unchanging",
",",
"and",
"describes",
"what",
"the",
"thing",
"or",
"person",
"really",
"is",
".",
"In",
"this",
"way",
"of",
"thinking",
",",
"things",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"seen",
"as",
"fundamentally",
"the",
"same",
"through",
"time",
",",
"with",
"any",
"changes",
"being",
"qualitative",
"and",
"secondary",
"to",
"their",
"core",
"identity",
"(",
"e.g.",
"\"",
"Mark",
"'s",
"hair",
"has",
"turned",
"gray",
"as",
"he",
"has",
"gotten",
"older",
",",
"but",
"he",
"is",
"still",
"the",
"same",
"person",
"\"",
")",
".",
"But",
"in",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"cosmology",
",",
"the",
"only",
"fundamentally",
"existent",
"things",
"are",
"discrete",
"\"",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"\"",
"that",
"overlap",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
",",
"and",
"jointly",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"enduring",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"what",
"ordinary",
"thinking",
"often",
"regards",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"essence",
"of",
"a",
"thing",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"the",
"identity",
"/",
"core",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"\"",
"is",
"an",
"abstract",
"generalization",
"of",
"what",
"is",
"regarded",
"as",
"that",
"person",
"or",
"thing",
"'s",
"most",
"important",
"or",
"salient",
"features",
"across",
"time",
".",
"Identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"people",
"define",
"identities",
".",
"Everything",
"changes",
"from",
"moment",
"to",
"moment",
",",
"and",
"to",
"think",
"of",
"anything",
"as",
"having",
"an",
"\"",
"enduring",
"essence",
"\"",
"misses",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"\"",
"all",
"things",
"flow",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"it",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"useful",
"way",
"of",
"speaking",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
7,
10,
18,
21,
23,
25,
31,
34,
41,
44,
50,
55,
58,
65,
67,
68,
77,
84,
86,
89,
91,
92,
97,
105,
107,
112,
115,
125,
127,
131,
141,
146,
150,
156,
159,
166,
173,
175,
177,
180,
185,
189,
192,
200,
202,
209,
213,
220,
224,
229,
232,
246,
250,
255,
263,
267,
269,
274,
278,
286,
292,
304,
308,
318,
321,
327,
332,
341,
342,
347,
348,
352,
355,
360,
364,
371,
376,
379,
382,
386,
393,
398,
400,
404,
407,
410,
416,
420,
425,
431,
432,
433,
435,
439,
442,
451,
454,
463,
465,
469,
474,
488,
497,
504,
508,
517,
518,
528,
531,
541,
543,
548,
556,
560,
568,
571,
576,
580,
585,
587,
591,
599,
604,
607,
611,
620,
627,
630,
635,
637,
640,
644,
650,
654,
656,
661,
670,
679,
685,
693,
696,
697,
701,
709,
712,
714,
719,
721,
724,
725,
729,
737,
738,
743,
746,
748,
754,
756,
759,
762,
771,
786,
789,
794,
797,
806,
809,
814,
821,
824,
829,
832,
837,
847,
850,
858,
867,
874,
878,
880,
891,
894,
898,
905,
911,
913,
920,
927,
937,
939,
950,
958,
963,
970,
973,
979,
981,
985,
988,
994,
997,
1006,
1009,
1016,
1019,
1020,
1029,
1036,
1038,
1045,
1049,
1054,
1059,
1060,
1064,
1071,
1075,
1076,
1078,
1085,
1088,
1091,
1097,
1099,
1106,
1110,
1113,
1121
]
} | 637d2b1fb5ac4de3af0a87d6d9ff1d6d | In Whitehead's view, identities do not define people, but what? | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
",",
"identities",
"do",
"not",
"define",
"people",
",",
"but",
"what",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
12,
15,
19,
21,
32,
35,
39,
46,
52,
54,
58,
62
]
} | {
"text": [
"people define identities"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
913
],
"end": [
936
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
187
],
"end": [
189
]
}
]
} | [
"people define identities"
] |
SQuAD | The pricing of risk refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk, which may be measured by interest rates or fees. Several scholars have argued that a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis, enabled the mortgage market to grow larger than it otherwise would have, and made the financial crisis far more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels had been disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"pricing",
"of",
"risk",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"incremental",
"compensation",
"required",
"by",
"investors",
"for",
"taking",
"on",
"additional",
"risk",
",",
"which",
"may",
"be",
"measured",
"by",
"interest",
"rates",
"or",
"fees",
".",
"Several",
"scholars",
"have",
"argued",
"that",
"a",
"lack",
"of",
"transparency",
"about",
"banks",
"'",
"risk",
"exposures",
"prevented",
"markets",
"from",
"correctly",
"pricing",
"risk",
"before",
"the",
"crisis",
",",
"enabled",
"the",
"mortgage",
"market",
"to",
"grow",
"larger",
"than",
"it",
"otherwise",
"would",
"have",
",",
"and",
"made",
"the",
"financial",
"crisis",
"far",
"more",
"disruptive",
"than",
"it",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"if",
"risk",
"levels",
"had",
"been",
"disclosed",
"in",
"a",
"straightforward",
",",
"readily",
"understandable",
"format",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
12,
15,
20,
27,
30,
34,
46,
59,
68,
71,
81,
85,
92,
95,
106,
110,
112,
118,
122,
125,
134,
137,
146,
152,
155,
159,
161,
169,
178,
183,
190,
195,
197,
202,
205,
218,
224,
229,
231,
236,
246,
256,
264,
269,
279,
287,
292,
299,
303,
309,
311,
319,
323,
332,
339,
342,
347,
354,
359,
362,
372,
378,
382,
384,
388,
393,
397,
407,
414,
418,
423,
434,
439,
442,
448,
453,
458,
461,
466,
473,
477,
482,
492,
495,
497,
512,
514,
522,
537,
543
]
} | b0872c8f48f04162957c6355d8462aa9 | What is a measurement of pricing of risk? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"a",
"measurement",
"of",
"pricing",
"of",
"risk",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
10,
22,
25,
33,
36,
40
]
} | {
"text": [
"interest rates or fees"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
137
],
"end": [
158
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
23
],
"end": [
26
]
}
]
} | [
"interest rates or fees"
] |
SQuAD | The pricing of risk refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk, which may be measured by interest rates or fees. Several scholars have argued that a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis, enabled the mortgage market to grow larger than it otherwise would have, and made the financial crisis far more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels had been disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"pricing",
"of",
"risk",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"incremental",
"compensation",
"required",
"by",
"investors",
"for",
"taking",
"on",
"additional",
"risk",
",",
"which",
"may",
"be",
"measured",
"by",
"interest",
"rates",
"or",
"fees",
".",
"Several",
"scholars",
"have",
"argued",
"that",
"a",
"lack",
"of",
"transparency",
"about",
"banks",
"'",
"risk",
"exposures",
"prevented",
"markets",
"from",
"correctly",
"pricing",
"risk",
"before",
"the",
"crisis",
",",
"enabled",
"the",
"mortgage",
"market",
"to",
"grow",
"larger",
"than",
"it",
"otherwise",
"would",
"have",
",",
"and",
"made",
"the",
"financial",
"crisis",
"far",
"more",
"disruptive",
"than",
"it",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"if",
"risk",
"levels",
"had",
"been",
"disclosed",
"in",
"a",
"straightforward",
",",
"readily",
"understandable",
"format",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
12,
15,
20,
27,
30,
34,
46,
59,
68,
71,
81,
85,
92,
95,
106,
110,
112,
118,
122,
125,
134,
137,
146,
152,
155,
159,
161,
169,
178,
183,
190,
195,
197,
202,
205,
218,
224,
229,
231,
236,
246,
256,
264,
269,
279,
287,
292,
299,
303,
309,
311,
319,
323,
332,
339,
342,
347,
354,
359,
362,
372,
378,
382,
384,
388,
393,
397,
407,
414,
418,
423,
434,
439,
442,
448,
453,
458,
461,
466,
473,
477,
482,
492,
495,
497,
512,
514,
522,
537,
543
]
} | e444942c08f84cca84c7f4b0b995339c | What is the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on addition risk called? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"incremental",
"compensation",
"required",
"by",
"investors",
"for",
"taking",
"on",
"addition",
"risk",
"called",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
24,
37,
46,
49,
59,
63,
70,
73,
82,
87,
93
]
} | {
"text": [
"pricing of risk"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
4
],
"end": [
18
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
1
],
"end": [
3
]
}
]
} | [
"pricing of risk"
] |
SQuAD | The pricing of risk refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk, which may be measured by interest rates or fees. Several scholars have argued that a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis, enabled the mortgage market to grow larger than it otherwise would have, and made the financial crisis far more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels had been disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"pricing",
"of",
"risk",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"incremental",
"compensation",
"required",
"by",
"investors",
"for",
"taking",
"on",
"additional",
"risk",
",",
"which",
"may",
"be",
"measured",
"by",
"interest",
"rates",
"or",
"fees",
".",
"Several",
"scholars",
"have",
"argued",
"that",
"a",
"lack",
"of",
"transparency",
"about",
"banks",
"'",
"risk",
"exposures",
"prevented",
"markets",
"from",
"correctly",
"pricing",
"risk",
"before",
"the",
"crisis",
",",
"enabled",
"the",
"mortgage",
"market",
"to",
"grow",
"larger",
"than",
"it",
"otherwise",
"would",
"have",
",",
"and",
"made",
"the",
"financial",
"crisis",
"far",
"more",
"disruptive",
"than",
"it",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"if",
"risk",
"levels",
"had",
"been",
"disclosed",
"in",
"a",
"straightforward",
",",
"readily",
"understandable",
"format",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
12,
15,
20,
27,
30,
34,
46,
59,
68,
71,
81,
85,
92,
95,
106,
110,
112,
118,
122,
125,
134,
137,
146,
152,
155,
159,
161,
169,
178,
183,
190,
195,
197,
202,
205,
218,
224,
229,
231,
236,
246,
256,
264,
269,
279,
287,
292,
299,
303,
309,
311,
319,
323,
332,
339,
342,
347,
354,
359,
362,
372,
378,
382,
384,
388,
393,
397,
407,
414,
418,
423,
434,
439,
442,
448,
453,
458,
461,
466,
473,
477,
482,
492,
495,
497,
512,
514,
522,
537,
543
]
} | f17c597fb6e14912a837adf751baccde | According to several scholars, what prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis? | {
"tokens": [
"According",
"to",
"several",
"scholars",
",",
"what",
"prevented",
"markets",
"from",
"correctly",
"pricing",
"risk",
"before",
"the",
"crisis",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
21,
29,
31,
36,
46,
54,
59,
69,
77,
82,
89,
93,
99
]
} | {
"text": [
"lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
197
],
"end": [
244
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
34
],
"end": [
41
]
}
]
} | [
"lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures"
] |
SQuAD | The pricing of risk refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk, which may be measured by interest rates or fees. Several scholars have argued that a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis, enabled the mortgage market to grow larger than it otherwise would have, and made the financial crisis far more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels had been disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"pricing",
"of",
"risk",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"incremental",
"compensation",
"required",
"by",
"investors",
"for",
"taking",
"on",
"additional",
"risk",
",",
"which",
"may",
"be",
"measured",
"by",
"interest",
"rates",
"or",
"fees",
".",
"Several",
"scholars",
"have",
"argued",
"that",
"a",
"lack",
"of",
"transparency",
"about",
"banks",
"'",
"risk",
"exposures",
"prevented",
"markets",
"from",
"correctly",
"pricing",
"risk",
"before",
"the",
"crisis",
",",
"enabled",
"the",
"mortgage",
"market",
"to",
"grow",
"larger",
"than",
"it",
"otherwise",
"would",
"have",
",",
"and",
"made",
"the",
"financial",
"crisis",
"far",
"more",
"disruptive",
"than",
"it",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"if",
"risk",
"levels",
"had",
"been",
"disclosed",
"in",
"a",
"straightforward",
",",
"readily",
"understandable",
"format",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
12,
15,
20,
27,
30,
34,
46,
59,
68,
71,
81,
85,
92,
95,
106,
110,
112,
118,
122,
125,
134,
137,
146,
152,
155,
159,
161,
169,
178,
183,
190,
195,
197,
202,
205,
218,
224,
229,
231,
236,
246,
256,
264,
269,
279,
287,
292,
299,
303,
309,
311,
319,
323,
332,
339,
342,
347,
354,
359,
362,
372,
378,
382,
384,
388,
393,
397,
407,
414,
418,
423,
434,
439,
442,
448,
453,
458,
461,
466,
473,
477,
482,
492,
495,
497,
512,
514,
522,
537,
543
]
} | 6ad2007777684815b6c167ad470e85cc | How should risk levels have been disclosed according to several scholars? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"should",
"risk",
"levels",
"have",
"been",
"disclosed",
"according",
"to",
"several",
"scholars",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
11,
16,
23,
28,
33,
43,
53,
56,
64,
72
]
} | {
"text": [
"straightforward, readily understandable format"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
497
],
"end": [
542
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
86
],
"end": [
90
]
}
]
} | [
"straightforward, readily understandable format"
] |
SQuAD | The pricing of risk refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk, which may be measured by interest rates or fees. Several scholars have argued that a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis, enabled the mortgage market to grow larger than it otherwise would have, and made the financial crisis far more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels had been disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"pricing",
"of",
"risk",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"incremental",
"compensation",
"required",
"by",
"investors",
"for",
"taking",
"on",
"additional",
"risk",
",",
"which",
"may",
"be",
"measured",
"by",
"interest",
"rates",
"or",
"fees",
".",
"Several",
"scholars",
"have",
"argued",
"that",
"a",
"lack",
"of",
"transparency",
"about",
"banks",
"'",
"risk",
"exposures",
"prevented",
"markets",
"from",
"correctly",
"pricing",
"risk",
"before",
"the",
"crisis",
",",
"enabled",
"the",
"mortgage",
"market",
"to",
"grow",
"larger",
"than",
"it",
"otherwise",
"would",
"have",
",",
"and",
"made",
"the",
"financial",
"crisis",
"far",
"more",
"disruptive",
"than",
"it",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"if",
"risk",
"levels",
"had",
"been",
"disclosed",
"in",
"a",
"straightforward",
",",
"readily",
"understandable",
"format",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
12,
15,
20,
27,
30,
34,
46,
59,
68,
71,
81,
85,
92,
95,
106,
110,
112,
118,
122,
125,
134,
137,
146,
152,
155,
159,
161,
169,
178,
183,
190,
195,
197,
202,
205,
218,
224,
229,
231,
236,
246,
256,
264,
269,
279,
287,
292,
299,
303,
309,
311,
319,
323,
332,
339,
342,
347,
354,
359,
362,
372,
378,
382,
384,
388,
393,
397,
407,
414,
418,
423,
434,
439,
442,
448,
453,
458,
461,
466,
473,
477,
482,
492,
495,
497,
512,
514,
522,
537,
543
]
} | 75efb40cbe034c9494ed18e41e6dc37c | What was the outcome of the financial crisis since risk levels were not adequately disclosed? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"outcome",
"of",
"the",
"financial",
"crisis",
"since",
"risk",
"levels",
"were",
"not",
"adequately",
"disclosed",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
21,
24,
28,
38,
45,
51,
56,
63,
68,
72,
83,
92
]
} | {
"text": [
"far more disruptive"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
414
],
"end": [
432
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
70
],
"end": [
72
]
}
]
} | [
"far more disruptive"
] |
SQuAD | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported on March 31, Senator Schumer would have been referring to a little over $7 billion in brokered deposits. While the breakout of maturities of these deposits is not known exactly, a simple averaging would have put the threat of brokered deposits loss to IndyMac at $500 million a month, had the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30. | {
"tokens": [
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"(",
"D",
"-",
"NY",
")",
"would",
"later",
"point",
"out",
"that",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"made",
"up",
"more",
"than",
"37",
"percent",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"total",
"deposits",
"and",
"ask",
"the",
"Federal",
"Deposit",
"Insurance",
"Corporation",
"(",
"FDIC",
")",
"whether",
"it",
"had",
"considered",
"ordering",
"IndyMac",
"to",
"reduce",
"its",
"reliance",
"on",
"these",
"deposits",
".",
"With",
"$",
"18.9",
"billion",
"in",
"total",
"deposits",
"reported",
"on",
"March",
"31",
",",
"Senator",
"Schumer",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"referring",
"to",
"a",
"little",
"over",
"$",
"7",
"billion",
"in",
"brokered",
"deposits",
".",
"While",
"the",
"breakout",
"of",
"maturities",
"of",
"these",
"deposits",
"is",
"not",
"known",
"exactly",
",",
"a",
"simple",
"averaging",
"would",
"have",
"put",
"the",
"threat",
"of",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"loss",
"to",
"IndyMac",
"at",
"$",
"500",
"million",
"a",
"month",
",",
"had",
"the",
"regulator",
"disallowed",
"IndyMac",
"from",
"acquiring",
"new",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"on",
"June",
"30",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
16,
24,
25,
26,
27,
29,
31,
37,
43,
49,
53,
58,
67,
76,
81,
84,
89,
94,
97,
105,
108,
115,
118,
124,
133,
137,
141,
145,
153,
161,
171,
183,
184,
188,
190,
198,
201,
205,
216,
225,
233,
236,
243,
247,
256,
259,
265,
273,
275,
280,
281,
286,
294,
297,
303,
312,
321,
324,
330,
332,
334,
342,
350,
356,
361,
366,
376,
379,
381,
388,
393,
394,
396,
404,
407,
416,
424,
426,
432,
436,
445,
448,
459,
462,
468,
477,
480,
484,
490,
497,
499,
501,
508,
518,
524,
529,
533,
537,
544,
547,
556,
565,
570,
573,
581,
584,
585,
589,
597,
599,
604,
606,
610,
614,
624,
635,
643,
648,
658,
662,
671,
680,
683,
688,
690
]
} | eb617f4934634892856388a599380bd3 | Who is the Senator that asked FDIC if it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on brokered deposits? | {
"tokens": [
"Who",
"is",
"the",
"Senator",
"that",
"asked",
"FDIC",
"if",
"it",
"had",
"considered",
"ordering",
"IndyMac",
"to",
"reduce",
"its",
"reliance",
"on",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
7,
11,
19,
24,
30,
35,
38,
41,
45,
56,
65,
73,
76,
83,
87,
96,
99,
108,
116
]
} | {
"text": [
"Charles Schumer (D-NY)"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
8
],
"end": [
29
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
1
],
"end": [
7
]
}
]
} | [
"Charles Schumer (D-NY)"
] |
SQuAD | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported on March 31, Senator Schumer would have been referring to a little over $7 billion in brokered deposits. While the breakout of maturities of these deposits is not known exactly, a simple averaging would have put the threat of brokered deposits loss to IndyMac at $500 million a month, had the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30. | {
"tokens": [
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"(",
"D",
"-",
"NY",
")",
"would",
"later",
"point",
"out",
"that",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"made",
"up",
"more",
"than",
"37",
"percent",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"total",
"deposits",
"and",
"ask",
"the",
"Federal",
"Deposit",
"Insurance",
"Corporation",
"(",
"FDIC",
")",
"whether",
"it",
"had",
"considered",
"ordering",
"IndyMac",
"to",
"reduce",
"its",
"reliance",
"on",
"these",
"deposits",
".",
"With",
"$",
"18.9",
"billion",
"in",
"total",
"deposits",
"reported",
"on",
"March",
"31",
",",
"Senator",
"Schumer",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"referring",
"to",
"a",
"little",
"over",
"$",
"7",
"billion",
"in",
"brokered",
"deposits",
".",
"While",
"the",
"breakout",
"of",
"maturities",
"of",
"these",
"deposits",
"is",
"not",
"known",
"exactly",
",",
"a",
"simple",
"averaging",
"would",
"have",
"put",
"the",
"threat",
"of",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"loss",
"to",
"IndyMac",
"at",
"$",
"500",
"million",
"a",
"month",
",",
"had",
"the",
"regulator",
"disallowed",
"IndyMac",
"from",
"acquiring",
"new",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"on",
"June",
"30",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
16,
24,
25,
26,
27,
29,
31,
37,
43,
49,
53,
58,
67,
76,
81,
84,
89,
94,
97,
105,
108,
115,
118,
124,
133,
137,
141,
145,
153,
161,
171,
183,
184,
188,
190,
198,
201,
205,
216,
225,
233,
236,
243,
247,
256,
259,
265,
273,
275,
280,
281,
286,
294,
297,
303,
312,
321,
324,
330,
332,
334,
342,
350,
356,
361,
366,
376,
379,
381,
388,
393,
394,
396,
404,
407,
416,
424,
426,
432,
436,
445,
448,
459,
462,
468,
477,
480,
484,
490,
497,
499,
501,
508,
518,
524,
529,
533,
537,
544,
547,
556,
565,
570,
573,
581,
584,
585,
589,
597,
599,
604,
606,
610,
614,
624,
635,
643,
648,
658,
662,
671,
680,
683,
688,
690
]
} | 221f3daf645045fda1e0b7ab69902196 | What does the abbreviation FDIC stand for? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"does",
"the",
"abbreviation",
"FDIC",
"stand",
"for",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
14,
27,
32,
38,
41
]
} | {
"text": [
"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
145
],
"end": [
181
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
29
],
"end": [
32
]
}
]
} | [
"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation"
] |
SQuAD | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported on March 31, Senator Schumer would have been referring to a little over $7 billion in brokered deposits. While the breakout of maturities of these deposits is not known exactly, a simple averaging would have put the threat of brokered deposits loss to IndyMac at $500 million a month, had the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30. | {
"tokens": [
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"(",
"D",
"-",
"NY",
")",
"would",
"later",
"point",
"out",
"that",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"made",
"up",
"more",
"than",
"37",
"percent",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"total",
"deposits",
"and",
"ask",
"the",
"Federal",
"Deposit",
"Insurance",
"Corporation",
"(",
"FDIC",
")",
"whether",
"it",
"had",
"considered",
"ordering",
"IndyMac",
"to",
"reduce",
"its",
"reliance",
"on",
"these",
"deposits",
".",
"With",
"$",
"18.9",
"billion",
"in",
"total",
"deposits",
"reported",
"on",
"March",
"31",
",",
"Senator",
"Schumer",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"referring",
"to",
"a",
"little",
"over",
"$",
"7",
"billion",
"in",
"brokered",
"deposits",
".",
"While",
"the",
"breakout",
"of",
"maturities",
"of",
"these",
"deposits",
"is",
"not",
"known",
"exactly",
",",
"a",
"simple",
"averaging",
"would",
"have",
"put",
"the",
"threat",
"of",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"loss",
"to",
"IndyMac",
"at",
"$",
"500",
"million",
"a",
"month",
",",
"had",
"the",
"regulator",
"disallowed",
"IndyMac",
"from",
"acquiring",
"new",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"on",
"June",
"30",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
16,
24,
25,
26,
27,
29,
31,
37,
43,
49,
53,
58,
67,
76,
81,
84,
89,
94,
97,
105,
108,
115,
118,
124,
133,
137,
141,
145,
153,
161,
171,
183,
184,
188,
190,
198,
201,
205,
216,
225,
233,
236,
243,
247,
256,
259,
265,
273,
275,
280,
281,
286,
294,
297,
303,
312,
321,
324,
330,
332,
334,
342,
350,
356,
361,
366,
376,
379,
381,
388,
393,
394,
396,
404,
407,
416,
424,
426,
432,
436,
445,
448,
459,
462,
468,
477,
480,
484,
490,
497,
499,
501,
508,
518,
524,
529,
533,
537,
544,
547,
556,
565,
570,
573,
581,
584,
585,
589,
597,
599,
604,
606,
610,
614,
624,
635,
643,
648,
658,
662,
671,
680,
683,
688,
690
]
} | 26ee3d0ff86e49bdb84ac92a2b022bb6 | How much of IndyMac's total deposits of $18.9 billion on March 31, 2008 were considered brokered deposits? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"much",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"total",
"deposits",
"of",
"$",
"18.9",
"billion",
"on",
"March",
"31",
",",
"2008",
"were",
"considered",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
12,
19,
22,
28,
37,
40,
41,
46,
54,
57,
63,
65,
67,
72,
77,
88,
97,
105
]
} | {
"text": [
"a little over $7 billion"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
379
],
"end": [
402
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
69
],
"end": [
74
]
}
]
} | [
"a little over $7 billion"
] |
SQuAD | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported on March 31, Senator Schumer would have been referring to a little over $7 billion in brokered deposits. While the breakout of maturities of these deposits is not known exactly, a simple averaging would have put the threat of brokered deposits loss to IndyMac at $500 million a month, had the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30. | {
"tokens": [
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"(",
"D",
"-",
"NY",
")",
"would",
"later",
"point",
"out",
"that",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"made",
"up",
"more",
"than",
"37",
"percent",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"total",
"deposits",
"and",
"ask",
"the",
"Federal",
"Deposit",
"Insurance",
"Corporation",
"(",
"FDIC",
")",
"whether",
"it",
"had",
"considered",
"ordering",
"IndyMac",
"to",
"reduce",
"its",
"reliance",
"on",
"these",
"deposits",
".",
"With",
"$",
"18.9",
"billion",
"in",
"total",
"deposits",
"reported",
"on",
"March",
"31",
",",
"Senator",
"Schumer",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"referring",
"to",
"a",
"little",
"over",
"$",
"7",
"billion",
"in",
"brokered",
"deposits",
".",
"While",
"the",
"breakout",
"of",
"maturities",
"of",
"these",
"deposits",
"is",
"not",
"known",
"exactly",
",",
"a",
"simple",
"averaging",
"would",
"have",
"put",
"the",
"threat",
"of",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"loss",
"to",
"IndyMac",
"at",
"$",
"500",
"million",
"a",
"month",
",",
"had",
"the",
"regulator",
"disallowed",
"IndyMac",
"from",
"acquiring",
"new",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"on",
"June",
"30",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
16,
24,
25,
26,
27,
29,
31,
37,
43,
49,
53,
58,
67,
76,
81,
84,
89,
94,
97,
105,
108,
115,
118,
124,
133,
137,
141,
145,
153,
161,
171,
183,
184,
188,
190,
198,
201,
205,
216,
225,
233,
236,
243,
247,
256,
259,
265,
273,
275,
280,
281,
286,
294,
297,
303,
312,
321,
324,
330,
332,
334,
342,
350,
356,
361,
366,
376,
379,
381,
388,
393,
394,
396,
404,
407,
416,
424,
426,
432,
436,
445,
448,
459,
462,
468,
477,
480,
484,
490,
497,
499,
501,
508,
518,
524,
529,
533,
537,
544,
547,
556,
565,
570,
573,
581,
584,
585,
589,
597,
599,
604,
606,
610,
614,
624,
635,
643,
648,
658,
662,
671,
680,
683,
688,
690
]
} | 5eeec03872b24923a1741720f4ba3577 | Had the FDIC disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on this date, the threat of brokered deposit losses would have been $500 million a month? | {
"tokens": [
"Had",
"the",
"FDIC",
"disallowed",
"IndyMac",
"from",
"acquiring",
"new",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"on",
"this",
"date",
",",
"the",
"threat",
"of",
"brokered",
"deposit",
"losses",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"$",
"500",
"million",
"a",
"month",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
13,
24,
32,
37,
47,
51,
60,
69,
72,
77,
81,
83,
87,
94,
97,
106,
114,
121,
127,
132,
137,
138,
142,
150,
152,
157
]
} | {
"text": [
"June 30"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
683
],
"end": [
689
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
124
],
"end": [
125
]
}
]
} | [
"June 30"
] |
SQuAD | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported on March 31, Senator Schumer would have been referring to a little over $7 billion in brokered deposits. While the breakout of maturities of these deposits is not known exactly, a simple averaging would have put the threat of brokered deposits loss to IndyMac at $500 million a month, had the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30. | {
"tokens": [
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"(",
"D",
"-",
"NY",
")",
"would",
"later",
"point",
"out",
"that",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"made",
"up",
"more",
"than",
"37",
"percent",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"total",
"deposits",
"and",
"ask",
"the",
"Federal",
"Deposit",
"Insurance",
"Corporation",
"(",
"FDIC",
")",
"whether",
"it",
"had",
"considered",
"ordering",
"IndyMac",
"to",
"reduce",
"its",
"reliance",
"on",
"these",
"deposits",
".",
"With",
"$",
"18.9",
"billion",
"in",
"total",
"deposits",
"reported",
"on",
"March",
"31",
",",
"Senator",
"Schumer",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"referring",
"to",
"a",
"little",
"over",
"$",
"7",
"billion",
"in",
"brokered",
"deposits",
".",
"While",
"the",
"breakout",
"of",
"maturities",
"of",
"these",
"deposits",
"is",
"not",
"known",
"exactly",
",",
"a",
"simple",
"averaging",
"would",
"have",
"put",
"the",
"threat",
"of",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"loss",
"to",
"IndyMac",
"at",
"$",
"500",
"million",
"a",
"month",
",",
"had",
"the",
"regulator",
"disallowed",
"IndyMac",
"from",
"acquiring",
"new",
"brokered",
"deposits",
"on",
"June",
"30",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
16,
24,
25,
26,
27,
29,
31,
37,
43,
49,
53,
58,
67,
76,
81,
84,
89,
94,
97,
105,
108,
115,
118,
124,
133,
137,
141,
145,
153,
161,
171,
183,
184,
188,
190,
198,
201,
205,
216,
225,
233,
236,
243,
247,
256,
259,
265,
273,
275,
280,
281,
286,
294,
297,
303,
312,
321,
324,
330,
332,
334,
342,
350,
356,
361,
366,
376,
379,
381,
388,
393,
394,
396,
404,
407,
416,
424,
426,
432,
436,
445,
448,
459,
462,
468,
477,
480,
484,
490,
497,
499,
501,
508,
518,
524,
529,
533,
537,
544,
547,
556,
565,
570,
573,
581,
584,
585,
589,
597,
599,
604,
606,
610,
614,
624,
635,
643,
648,
658,
662,
671,
680,
683,
688,
690
]
} | e43c828cd8ab4f16be37c17f65ddbae0 | How much was the threat of brokered deposit losses per month to IndyMac? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"much",
"was",
"the",
"threat",
"of",
"brokered",
"deposit",
"losses",
"per",
"month",
"to",
"IndyMac",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
13,
17,
24,
27,
36,
44,
51,
55,
61,
64,
71
]
} | {
"text": [
"$500 million"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
584
],
"end": [
595
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
107
],
"end": [
109
]
}
]
} | [
"$500 million"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | 966468ae657443e28a9410aaf13a9c14 | During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics? | {
"tokens": [
"During",
"which",
"decade",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"focus",
"start",
"shifting",
"away",
"from",
"mathematics",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
13,
20,
24,
33,
36,
42,
48,
57,
62,
67,
78
]
} | {
"text": [
"1910s"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
22
],
"end": [
26
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
4
],
"end": [
4
]
}
]
} | [
"1910s"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | 64997b123b20413790437310f63c38b7 | After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore? | {
"tokens": [
"After",
"moving",
"away",
"from",
"mathematics",
",",
"what",
"subjects",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"explore",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
13,
18,
23,
34,
36,
41,
50,
54,
64,
71
]
} | {
"text": [
"philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
106
],
"end": [
154
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
17
],
"end": [
24
]
}
]
} | [
"philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | a4d6da0d0728412fa9acd1ea20f41c2e | As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of? | {
"tokens": [
"As",
"opposed",
"to",
"physical",
"objects",
",",
"what",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"believe",
"reality",
"is",
"composed",
"of",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
11,
14,
23,
30,
32,
37,
41,
51,
59,
67,
70,
79,
81
]
} | {
"text": [
"processes"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
306
],
"end": [
314
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
47
],
"end": [
47
]
}
]
} | [
"processes"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | 2072996d18aa4e4f93442052b0c6909e | What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead opposed? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"predominant",
"theory",
"of",
"reality",
"that",
"Whitehead",
"opposed",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
25,
32,
35,
43,
48,
58,
65
]
} | {
"text": [
"reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
454
],
"end": [
547
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
71
],
"end": [
84
]
}
]
} | [
"reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | 2d8858ecda7148b2bdb1d673de665ebb | What book of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"book",
"of",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"is",
"now",
"considered",
"a",
"primary",
"source",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
13,
22,
25,
28,
32,
43,
45,
53,
60,
63,
71,
81
]
} | {
"text": [
"Process and Reality"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
603
],
"end": [
621
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
93
],
"end": [
95
]
}
]
} | [
"Process and Reality"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | dc8cb1452fec430c80ccadfc71a95d3e | What did Whitehead first study? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"first",
"study",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
19,
25,
30
]
} | {
"text": [
"mathematics"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
91
],
"end": [
101
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
15
],
"end": [
15
]
}
]
} | [
"mathematics"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | dd48d00cd0914051a5658646435118f5 | What was Whitehead's second area of study? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"second",
"area",
"of",
"study",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
18,
21,
28,
33,
36,
41
]
} | {
"text": [
"philosophy"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
106
],
"end": [
115
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
17
],
"end": [
17
]
}
]
} | [
"philosophy"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | 462424436de24323b46d26a4eae11750 | What was Whitehead's final area of study? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"final",
"area",
"of",
"study",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
18,
21,
27,
32,
35,
40
]
} | {
"text": [
"metaphysics"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
144
],
"end": [
154
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
24
],
"end": [
24
]
}
]
} | [
"metaphysics"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | c3b5a5a2e07d4f8f98d13b08a8797eda | What type of system did he develop? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"type",
"of",
"system",
"did",
"he",
"develop",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
13,
20,
24,
27,
34
]
} | {
"text": [
"metaphysical"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
186
],
"end": [
197
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
30
],
"end": [
30
]
}
]
} | [
"metaphysical"
] |
SQuAD | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. | {
"tokens": [
"Beginning",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1910s",
"and",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"Whitehead",
"gradually",
"turned",
"his",
"attention",
"from",
"mathematics",
"to",
"philosophy",
"of",
"science",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"to",
"metaphysics",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"a",
"comprehensive",
"metaphysical",
"system",
"which",
"radically",
"departed",
"from",
"most",
"of",
"western",
"philosophy",
".",
"Whitehead",
"argued",
"that",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"processes",
"rather",
"than",
"material",
"objects",
",",
"and",
"that",
"processes",
"are",
"best",
"defined",
"by",
"their",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"processes",
",",
"thus",
"rejecting",
"the",
"theory",
"that",
"reality",
"is",
"fundamentally",
"constructed",
"by",
"bits",
"of",
"matter",
"that",
"exist",
"independently",
"of",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Today",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"philosophical",
"works",
"–",
"particularly",
"Process",
"and",
"Reality",
"–",
"are",
"regarded",
"as",
"the",
"foundational",
"texts",
"of",
"process",
"philosophy",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
17,
22,
28,
32,
38,
43,
45,
55,
65,
72,
76,
86,
91,
103,
106,
117,
120,
127,
129,
133,
141,
144,
155,
157,
160,
170,
172,
186,
199,
206,
212,
222,
231,
236,
241,
244,
252,
262,
264,
274,
281,
286,
294,
303,
306,
316,
323,
328,
337,
344,
346,
350,
355,
365,
369,
374,
382,
385,
391,
401,
406,
412,
421,
423,
428,
438,
442,
449,
454,
462,
465,
479,
491,
494,
499,
502,
509,
514,
520,
534,
537,
541,
548,
550,
556,
565,
568,
582,
588,
590,
603,
611,
615,
623,
625,
629,
638,
641,
645,
658,
664,
667,
675,
685
]
} | 141d836601e548f39ef1c3824bcb5d1a | What did Whitehead argue reality consists of? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"argue",
"reality",
"consists",
"of",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
19,
25,
33,
42,
44
]
} | {
"text": [
"processes"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
306
],
"end": [
314
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
47
],
"end": [
47
]
}
]
} | [
"processes"
] |
SQuAD | For Whitehead the core of religion was individual. While he acknowledged that individuals cannot ever be fully separated from their society, he argued that life is an internal fact for its own sake before it is an external fact relating to others. His most famous remark on religion is that "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious." Whitehead saw religion as a system of general truths that transformed a person's character. He took special care to note that while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good – an idea which he called a "dangerous delusion" (e.g., a religion might encourage the violent extermination of a rival religion's adherents). | {
"tokens": [
"For",
"Whitehead",
"the",
"core",
"of",
"religion",
"was",
"individual",
".",
"While",
"he",
"acknowledged",
"that",
"individuals",
"can",
"not",
"ever",
"be",
"fully",
"separated",
"from",
"their",
"society",
",",
"he",
"argued",
"that",
"life",
"is",
"an",
"internal",
"fact",
"for",
"its",
"own",
"sake",
"before",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"external",
"fact",
"relating",
"to",
"others",
".",
"His",
"most",
"famous",
"remark",
"on",
"religion",
"is",
"that",
"\"",
"religion",
"is",
"what",
"the",
"individual",
"does",
"with",
"his",
"own",
"solitariness",
"...",
"and",
"if",
"you",
"are",
"never",
"solitary",
",",
"you",
"are",
"never",
"religious",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"saw",
"religion",
"as",
"a",
"system",
"of",
"general",
"truths",
"that",
"transformed",
"a",
"person",
"'s",
"character",
".",
"He",
"took",
"special",
"care",
"to",
"note",
"that",
"while",
"religion",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"good",
"influence",
",",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"necessarily",
"good",
"–",
"an",
"idea",
"which",
"he",
"called",
"a",
"\"",
"dangerous",
"delusion",
"\"",
"(",
"e.g.",
",",
"a",
"religion",
"might",
"encourage",
"the",
"violent",
"extermination",
"of",
"a",
"rival",
"religion",
"'s",
"adherents",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
18,
23,
26,
35,
39,
49,
51,
57,
60,
73,
78,
90,
93,
97,
102,
105,
111,
121,
126,
132,
139,
141,
144,
151,
156,
161,
164,
167,
176,
181,
185,
189,
193,
198,
205,
208,
211,
214,
223,
228,
237,
240,
246,
248,
252,
257,
264,
271,
274,
283,
286,
291,
292,
301,
304,
309,
313,
324,
329,
334,
338,
342,
355,
359,
363,
366,
370,
374,
380,
388,
390,
394,
398,
404,
413,
414,
416,
426,
430,
439,
442,
444,
451,
454,
462,
469,
474,
486,
488,
494,
497,
506,
508,
511,
516,
524,
529,
532,
537,
542,
548,
557,
560,
566,
568,
573,
582,
584,
587,
590,
594,
606,
611,
613,
616,
621,
627,
630,
637,
639,
640,
650,
658,
660,
661,
665,
667,
669,
678,
684,
694,
698,
706,
720,
723,
725,
731,
739,
742,
751,
752
]
} | 2b61fb5fc62d46ac88420f37f1c21d40 | What did Whitehead believe was the basis of religion? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"believe",
"was",
"the",
"basis",
"of",
"religion",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
19,
27,
31,
35,
41,
44,
52
]
} | {
"text": [
"individual"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
39
],
"end": [
48
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
7
],
"end": [
7
]
}
]
} | [
"individual"
] |
SQuAD | For Whitehead the core of religion was individual. While he acknowledged that individuals cannot ever be fully separated from their society, he argued that life is an internal fact for its own sake before it is an external fact relating to others. His most famous remark on religion is that "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious." Whitehead saw religion as a system of general truths that transformed a person's character. He took special care to note that while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good – an idea which he called a "dangerous delusion" (e.g., a religion might encourage the violent extermination of a rival religion's adherents). | {
"tokens": [
"For",
"Whitehead",
"the",
"core",
"of",
"religion",
"was",
"individual",
".",
"While",
"he",
"acknowledged",
"that",
"individuals",
"can",
"not",
"ever",
"be",
"fully",
"separated",
"from",
"their",
"society",
",",
"he",
"argued",
"that",
"life",
"is",
"an",
"internal",
"fact",
"for",
"its",
"own",
"sake",
"before",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"external",
"fact",
"relating",
"to",
"others",
".",
"His",
"most",
"famous",
"remark",
"on",
"religion",
"is",
"that",
"\"",
"religion",
"is",
"what",
"the",
"individual",
"does",
"with",
"his",
"own",
"solitariness",
"...",
"and",
"if",
"you",
"are",
"never",
"solitary",
",",
"you",
"are",
"never",
"religious",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"saw",
"religion",
"as",
"a",
"system",
"of",
"general",
"truths",
"that",
"transformed",
"a",
"person",
"'s",
"character",
".",
"He",
"took",
"special",
"care",
"to",
"note",
"that",
"while",
"religion",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"good",
"influence",
",",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"necessarily",
"good",
"–",
"an",
"idea",
"which",
"he",
"called",
"a",
"\"",
"dangerous",
"delusion",
"\"",
"(",
"e.g.",
",",
"a",
"religion",
"might",
"encourage",
"the",
"violent",
"extermination",
"of",
"a",
"rival",
"religion",
"'s",
"adherents",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
18,
23,
26,
35,
39,
49,
51,
57,
60,
73,
78,
90,
93,
97,
102,
105,
111,
121,
126,
132,
139,
141,
144,
151,
156,
161,
164,
167,
176,
181,
185,
189,
193,
198,
205,
208,
211,
214,
223,
228,
237,
240,
246,
248,
252,
257,
264,
271,
274,
283,
286,
291,
292,
301,
304,
309,
313,
324,
329,
334,
338,
342,
355,
359,
363,
366,
370,
374,
380,
388,
390,
394,
398,
404,
413,
414,
416,
426,
430,
439,
442,
444,
451,
454,
462,
469,
474,
486,
488,
494,
497,
506,
508,
511,
516,
524,
529,
532,
537,
542,
548,
557,
560,
566,
568,
573,
582,
584,
587,
590,
594,
606,
611,
613,
616,
621,
627,
630,
637,
639,
640,
650,
658,
660,
661,
665,
667,
669,
678,
684,
694,
698,
706,
720,
723,
725,
731,
739,
742,
751,
752
]
} | 301a987f282a43d4ab086e253681a6fa | What is Whitehead's most famous statement on religion? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"most",
"famous",
"statement",
"on",
"religion",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
17,
20,
25,
32,
42,
45,
53
]
} | {
"text": [
"\"religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious.\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
291
],
"end": [
414
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
54
],
"end": [
78
]
}
]
} | [
"\"religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious.\""
] |
SQuAD | For Whitehead the core of religion was individual. While he acknowledged that individuals cannot ever be fully separated from their society, he argued that life is an internal fact for its own sake before it is an external fact relating to others. His most famous remark on religion is that "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious." Whitehead saw religion as a system of general truths that transformed a person's character. He took special care to note that while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good – an idea which he called a "dangerous delusion" (e.g., a religion might encourage the violent extermination of a rival religion's adherents). | {
"tokens": [
"For",
"Whitehead",
"the",
"core",
"of",
"religion",
"was",
"individual",
".",
"While",
"he",
"acknowledged",
"that",
"individuals",
"can",
"not",
"ever",
"be",
"fully",
"separated",
"from",
"their",
"society",
",",
"he",
"argued",
"that",
"life",
"is",
"an",
"internal",
"fact",
"for",
"its",
"own",
"sake",
"before",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"external",
"fact",
"relating",
"to",
"others",
".",
"His",
"most",
"famous",
"remark",
"on",
"religion",
"is",
"that",
"\"",
"religion",
"is",
"what",
"the",
"individual",
"does",
"with",
"his",
"own",
"solitariness",
"...",
"and",
"if",
"you",
"are",
"never",
"solitary",
",",
"you",
"are",
"never",
"religious",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"saw",
"religion",
"as",
"a",
"system",
"of",
"general",
"truths",
"that",
"transformed",
"a",
"person",
"'s",
"character",
".",
"He",
"took",
"special",
"care",
"to",
"note",
"that",
"while",
"religion",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"good",
"influence",
",",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"necessarily",
"good",
"–",
"an",
"idea",
"which",
"he",
"called",
"a",
"\"",
"dangerous",
"delusion",
"\"",
"(",
"e.g.",
",",
"a",
"religion",
"might",
"encourage",
"the",
"violent",
"extermination",
"of",
"a",
"rival",
"religion",
"'s",
"adherents",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
18,
23,
26,
35,
39,
49,
51,
57,
60,
73,
78,
90,
93,
97,
102,
105,
111,
121,
126,
132,
139,
141,
144,
151,
156,
161,
164,
167,
176,
181,
185,
189,
193,
198,
205,
208,
211,
214,
223,
228,
237,
240,
246,
248,
252,
257,
264,
271,
274,
283,
286,
291,
292,
301,
304,
309,
313,
324,
329,
334,
338,
342,
355,
359,
363,
366,
370,
374,
380,
388,
390,
394,
398,
404,
413,
414,
416,
426,
430,
439,
442,
444,
451,
454,
462,
469,
474,
486,
488,
494,
497,
506,
508,
511,
516,
524,
529,
532,
537,
542,
548,
557,
560,
566,
568,
573,
582,
584,
587,
590,
594,
606,
611,
613,
616,
621,
627,
630,
637,
639,
640,
650,
658,
660,
661,
665,
667,
669,
678,
684,
694,
698,
706,
720,
723,
725,
731,
739,
742,
751,
752
]
} | 5cdba529370242d48c4ebd1530b4586b | How did Whitehead define religion? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"define",
"religion",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
18,
25,
33
]
} | {
"text": [
"a system of general truths that transformed a person's character"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
442
],
"end": [
505
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
83
],
"end": [
93
]
}
]
} | [
"a system of general truths that transformed a person's character"
] |
SQuAD | For Whitehead the core of religion was individual. While he acknowledged that individuals cannot ever be fully separated from their society, he argued that life is an internal fact for its own sake before it is an external fact relating to others. His most famous remark on religion is that "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious." Whitehead saw religion as a system of general truths that transformed a person's character. He took special care to note that while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good – an idea which he called a "dangerous delusion" (e.g., a religion might encourage the violent extermination of a rival religion's adherents). | {
"tokens": [
"For",
"Whitehead",
"the",
"core",
"of",
"religion",
"was",
"individual",
".",
"While",
"he",
"acknowledged",
"that",
"individuals",
"can",
"not",
"ever",
"be",
"fully",
"separated",
"from",
"their",
"society",
",",
"he",
"argued",
"that",
"life",
"is",
"an",
"internal",
"fact",
"for",
"its",
"own",
"sake",
"before",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"external",
"fact",
"relating",
"to",
"others",
".",
"His",
"most",
"famous",
"remark",
"on",
"religion",
"is",
"that",
"\"",
"religion",
"is",
"what",
"the",
"individual",
"does",
"with",
"his",
"own",
"solitariness",
"...",
"and",
"if",
"you",
"are",
"never",
"solitary",
",",
"you",
"are",
"never",
"religious",
".",
"\"",
"Whitehead",
"saw",
"religion",
"as",
"a",
"system",
"of",
"general",
"truths",
"that",
"transformed",
"a",
"person",
"'s",
"character",
".",
"He",
"took",
"special",
"care",
"to",
"note",
"that",
"while",
"religion",
"is",
"often",
"a",
"good",
"influence",
",",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"necessarily",
"good",
"–",
"an",
"idea",
"which",
"he",
"called",
"a",
"\"",
"dangerous",
"delusion",
"\"",
"(",
"e.g.",
",",
"a",
"religion",
"might",
"encourage",
"the",
"violent",
"extermination",
"of",
"a",
"rival",
"religion",
"'s",
"adherents",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
18,
23,
26,
35,
39,
49,
51,
57,
60,
73,
78,
90,
93,
97,
102,
105,
111,
121,
126,
132,
139,
141,
144,
151,
156,
161,
164,
167,
176,
181,
185,
189,
193,
198,
205,
208,
211,
214,
223,
228,
237,
240,
246,
248,
252,
257,
264,
271,
274,
283,
286,
291,
292,
301,
304,
309,
313,
324,
329,
334,
338,
342,
355,
359,
363,
366,
370,
374,
380,
388,
390,
394,
398,
404,
413,
414,
416,
426,
430,
439,
442,
444,
451,
454,
462,
469,
474,
486,
488,
494,
497,
506,
508,
511,
516,
524,
529,
532,
537,
542,
548,
557,
560,
566,
568,
573,
582,
584,
587,
590,
594,
606,
611,
613,
616,
621,
627,
630,
637,
639,
640,
650,
658,
660,
661,
665,
667,
669,
678,
684,
694,
698,
706,
720,
723,
725,
731,
739,
742,
751,
752
]
} | 437583f303f347ecbbd7060ea1b80497 | How did Whitehead define "dangerous delusion" as it relates to religion? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"define",
"\"",
"dangerous",
"delusion",
"\"",
"as",
"it",
"relates",
"to",
"religion",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
18,
25,
26,
36,
44,
46,
49,
52,
60,
63,
71
]
} | {
"text": [
"while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
542
],
"end": [
609
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
102
],
"end": [
114
]
}
]
} | [
"while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good"
] |
SQuAD | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper, investment banks and other entities in the shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations. | {
"tokens": [
"Economist",
"Paul",
"Krugman",
"and",
"U.S.",
"Treasury",
"Secretary",
"Timothy",
"Geithner",
"explain",
"the",
"credit",
"crisis",
"via",
"the",
"implosion",
"of",
"the",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
",",
"which",
"had",
"grown",
"to",
"nearly",
"equal",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"the",
"traditional",
"commercial",
"banking",
"sector",
"as",
"described",
"above",
".",
"Without",
"the",
"ability",
"to",
"obtain",
"investor",
"funds",
"in",
"exchange",
"for",
"most",
"types",
"of",
"mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"securities",
"or",
"asset",
"-",
"backed",
"commercial",
"paper",
",",
"investment",
"banks",
"and",
"other",
"entities",
"in",
"the",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
"could",
"not",
"provide",
"funds",
"to",
"mortgage",
"firms",
"and",
"other",
"corporations",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
15,
23,
27,
32,
41,
51,
59,
68,
76,
80,
87,
94,
98,
102,
112,
115,
119,
126,
134,
140,
142,
148,
152,
158,
161,
168,
174,
178,
189,
192,
196,
208,
219,
227,
234,
237,
247,
252,
254,
262,
266,
274,
277,
284,
293,
299,
302,
311,
315,
320,
326,
329,
337,
338,
345,
356,
359,
364,
365,
372,
383,
388,
390,
401,
407,
411,
417,
426,
429,
433,
440,
448,
455,
461,
465,
473,
479,
482,
491,
497,
501,
507,
519
]
} | 9ad34b15625d46649ddb051316deacbd | Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system? | {
"tokens": [
"Economist",
"Paul",
"Krugman",
"explained",
"the",
"credit",
"crisis",
"via",
"the",
"implosion",
"of",
"which",
"system",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
15,
23,
33,
37,
44,
51,
55,
59,
69,
72,
78,
84
]
} | {
"text": [
"shadow banking system"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
119
],
"end": [
139
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
18
],
"end": [
20
]
}
]
} | [
"shadow banking system"
] |
SQuAD | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper, investment banks and other entities in the shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations. | {
"tokens": [
"Economist",
"Paul",
"Krugman",
"and",
"U.S.",
"Treasury",
"Secretary",
"Timothy",
"Geithner",
"explain",
"the",
"credit",
"crisis",
"via",
"the",
"implosion",
"of",
"the",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
",",
"which",
"had",
"grown",
"to",
"nearly",
"equal",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"the",
"traditional",
"commercial",
"banking",
"sector",
"as",
"described",
"above",
".",
"Without",
"the",
"ability",
"to",
"obtain",
"investor",
"funds",
"in",
"exchange",
"for",
"most",
"types",
"of",
"mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"securities",
"or",
"asset",
"-",
"backed",
"commercial",
"paper",
",",
"investment",
"banks",
"and",
"other",
"entities",
"in",
"the",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
"could",
"not",
"provide",
"funds",
"to",
"mortgage",
"firms",
"and",
"other",
"corporations",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
15,
23,
27,
32,
41,
51,
59,
68,
76,
80,
87,
94,
98,
102,
112,
115,
119,
126,
134,
140,
142,
148,
152,
158,
161,
168,
174,
178,
189,
192,
196,
208,
219,
227,
234,
237,
247,
252,
254,
262,
266,
274,
277,
284,
293,
299,
302,
311,
315,
320,
326,
329,
337,
338,
345,
356,
359,
364,
365,
372,
383,
388,
390,
401,
407,
411,
417,
426,
429,
433,
440,
448,
455,
461,
465,
473,
479,
482,
491,
497,
501,
507,
519
]
} | 2cac0d23742a4c8780602dc6effe10e0 | What is the system with nearly equal the importance of traditional commercial banking? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"system",
"with",
"nearly",
"equal",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"traditional",
"commercial",
"banking",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
19,
24,
31,
37,
41,
52,
55,
67,
78,
85
]
} | {
"text": [
"shadow banking system"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
119
],
"end": [
139
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
18
],
"end": [
20
]
}
]
} | [
"shadow banking system"
] |
SQuAD | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper, investment banks and other entities in the shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations. | {
"tokens": [
"Economist",
"Paul",
"Krugman",
"and",
"U.S.",
"Treasury",
"Secretary",
"Timothy",
"Geithner",
"explain",
"the",
"credit",
"crisis",
"via",
"the",
"implosion",
"of",
"the",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
",",
"which",
"had",
"grown",
"to",
"nearly",
"equal",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"the",
"traditional",
"commercial",
"banking",
"sector",
"as",
"described",
"above",
".",
"Without",
"the",
"ability",
"to",
"obtain",
"investor",
"funds",
"in",
"exchange",
"for",
"most",
"types",
"of",
"mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"securities",
"or",
"asset",
"-",
"backed",
"commercial",
"paper",
",",
"investment",
"banks",
"and",
"other",
"entities",
"in",
"the",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
"could",
"not",
"provide",
"funds",
"to",
"mortgage",
"firms",
"and",
"other",
"corporations",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
15,
23,
27,
32,
41,
51,
59,
68,
76,
80,
87,
94,
98,
102,
112,
115,
119,
126,
134,
140,
142,
148,
152,
158,
161,
168,
174,
178,
189,
192,
196,
208,
219,
227,
234,
237,
247,
252,
254,
262,
266,
274,
277,
284,
293,
299,
302,
311,
315,
320,
326,
329,
337,
338,
345,
356,
359,
364,
365,
372,
383,
388,
390,
401,
407,
411,
417,
426,
429,
433,
440,
448,
455,
461,
465,
473,
479,
482,
491,
497,
501,
507,
519
]
} | b3625175c02c4e36ab952f92664cc9f3 | The shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations without the ability to obtain which funds? | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
"could",
"not",
"provide",
"funds",
"to",
"mortgage",
"firms",
"and",
"other",
"corporations",
"without",
"the",
"ability",
"to",
"obtain",
"which",
"funds",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
11,
19,
26,
32,
36,
44,
50,
53,
62,
68,
72,
78,
91,
99,
103,
111,
114,
121,
127,
132
]
} | {
"text": [
"investor funds"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
284
],
"end": [
297
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
45
],
"end": [
46
]
}
]
} | [
"investor funds"
] |
SQuAD | Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper, investment banks and other entities in the shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations. | {
"tokens": [
"Economist",
"Paul",
"Krugman",
"and",
"U.S.",
"Treasury",
"Secretary",
"Timothy",
"Geithner",
"explain",
"the",
"credit",
"crisis",
"via",
"the",
"implosion",
"of",
"the",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
",",
"which",
"had",
"grown",
"to",
"nearly",
"equal",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"the",
"traditional",
"commercial",
"banking",
"sector",
"as",
"described",
"above",
".",
"Without",
"the",
"ability",
"to",
"obtain",
"investor",
"funds",
"in",
"exchange",
"for",
"most",
"types",
"of",
"mortgage",
"-",
"backed",
"securities",
"or",
"asset",
"-",
"backed",
"commercial",
"paper",
",",
"investment",
"banks",
"and",
"other",
"entities",
"in",
"the",
"shadow",
"banking",
"system",
"could",
"not",
"provide",
"funds",
"to",
"mortgage",
"firms",
"and",
"other",
"corporations",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
15,
23,
27,
32,
41,
51,
59,
68,
76,
80,
87,
94,
98,
102,
112,
115,
119,
126,
134,
140,
142,
148,
152,
158,
161,
168,
174,
178,
189,
192,
196,
208,
219,
227,
234,
237,
247,
252,
254,
262,
266,
274,
277,
284,
293,
299,
302,
311,
315,
320,
326,
329,
337,
338,
345,
356,
359,
364,
365,
372,
383,
388,
390,
401,
407,
411,
417,
426,
429,
433,
440,
448,
455,
461,
465,
473,
479,
482,
491,
497,
501,
507,
519
]
} | 886498502a8445408018a5246ee25439 | What was Timothy Geithner's position during the fall of 2008? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"Timothy",
"Geithner",
"'s",
"position",
"during",
"the",
"fall",
"of",
"2008",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
17,
25,
28,
37,
44,
48,
53,
56,
60
]
} | {
"text": [
"U.S. Treasury Secretary"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
27
],
"end": [
49
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
4
],
"end": [
6
]
}
]
} | [
"U.S. Treasury Secretary"
] |
SQuAD | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of IndyMac's deposits. This “run” on the thrift followed the public release of a letter from Senator Charles Schumer to the FDIC and OTS. The letter outlined the Senator’s concerns with IndyMac. While the run was a contributing factor in the timing of IndyMac’s demise, the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated. | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"home",
"prices",
"declined",
"in",
"the",
"latter",
"half",
"of",
"2007",
"and",
"the",
"secondary",
"mortgage",
"market",
"collapsed",
",",
"IndyMac",
"was",
"forced",
"to",
"hold",
"$",
"10.7",
"billion",
"of",
"loans",
"it",
"could",
"not",
"sell",
"in",
"the",
"secondary",
"market",
".",
"Its",
"reduced",
"liquidity",
"was",
"further",
"exacerbated",
"in",
"late",
"June",
"2008",
"when",
"account",
"holders",
"withdrew",
"$",
"1.55",
"billion",
"or",
"about",
"7.5",
"%",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"deposits",
".",
"This",
"“",
"run",
"”",
"on",
"the",
"thrift",
"followed",
"the",
"public",
"release",
"of",
"a",
"letter",
"from",
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"to",
"the",
"FDIC",
"and",
"OTS",
".",
"The",
"letter",
"outlined",
"the",
"Senator",
"’s",
"concerns",
"with",
"IndyMac",
".",
"While",
"the",
"run",
"was",
"a",
"contributing",
"factor",
"in",
"the",
"timing",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"’s",
"demise",
",",
"the",
"underlying",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"failure",
"was",
"the",
"unsafe",
"and",
"unsound",
"manner",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"thrift",
"was",
"operated",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
17,
26,
29,
33,
40,
45,
48,
53,
57,
61,
71,
80,
87,
96,
98,
106,
110,
117,
120,
125,
126,
131,
139,
142,
148,
151,
157,
161,
166,
169,
173,
183,
189,
191,
195,
203,
213,
217,
225,
237,
240,
245,
250,
255,
260,
268,
276,
285,
286,
291,
299,
302,
308,
311,
313,
316,
323,
326,
334,
336,
341,
342,
345,
347,
350,
354,
361,
370,
374,
381,
389,
392,
394,
401,
406,
414,
422,
430,
433,
437,
442,
446,
449,
451,
455,
462,
471,
475,
482,
485,
494,
499,
506,
508,
514,
518,
522,
526,
528,
541,
548,
551,
555,
562,
565,
572,
575,
581,
583,
587,
598,
604,
607,
611,
619,
623,
627,
634,
638,
646,
653,
656,
662,
666,
673,
677,
685
]
} | 90747915b51b427dbc4529805af4a04e | How much in deposits did account holders withdraw from IndyMac in late June 2008? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"much",
"in",
"deposits",
"did",
"account",
"holders",
"withdraw",
"from",
"IndyMac",
"in",
"late",
"June",
"2008",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
12,
21,
25,
33,
41,
50,
55,
63,
66,
71,
76,
80
]
} | {
"text": [
"$1.55 billion"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
285
],
"end": [
297
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
50
],
"end": [
52
]
}
]
} | [
"$1.55 billion"
] |
SQuAD | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of IndyMac's deposits. This “run” on the thrift followed the public release of a letter from Senator Charles Schumer to the FDIC and OTS. The letter outlined the Senator’s concerns with IndyMac. While the run was a contributing factor in the timing of IndyMac’s demise, the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated. | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"home",
"prices",
"declined",
"in",
"the",
"latter",
"half",
"of",
"2007",
"and",
"the",
"secondary",
"mortgage",
"market",
"collapsed",
",",
"IndyMac",
"was",
"forced",
"to",
"hold",
"$",
"10.7",
"billion",
"of",
"loans",
"it",
"could",
"not",
"sell",
"in",
"the",
"secondary",
"market",
".",
"Its",
"reduced",
"liquidity",
"was",
"further",
"exacerbated",
"in",
"late",
"June",
"2008",
"when",
"account",
"holders",
"withdrew",
"$",
"1.55",
"billion",
"or",
"about",
"7.5",
"%",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"deposits",
".",
"This",
"“",
"run",
"”",
"on",
"the",
"thrift",
"followed",
"the",
"public",
"release",
"of",
"a",
"letter",
"from",
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"to",
"the",
"FDIC",
"and",
"OTS",
".",
"The",
"letter",
"outlined",
"the",
"Senator",
"’s",
"concerns",
"with",
"IndyMac",
".",
"While",
"the",
"run",
"was",
"a",
"contributing",
"factor",
"in",
"the",
"timing",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"’s",
"demise",
",",
"the",
"underlying",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"failure",
"was",
"the",
"unsafe",
"and",
"unsound",
"manner",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"thrift",
"was",
"operated",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
17,
26,
29,
33,
40,
45,
48,
53,
57,
61,
71,
80,
87,
96,
98,
106,
110,
117,
120,
125,
126,
131,
139,
142,
148,
151,
157,
161,
166,
169,
173,
183,
189,
191,
195,
203,
213,
217,
225,
237,
240,
245,
250,
255,
260,
268,
276,
285,
286,
291,
299,
302,
308,
311,
313,
316,
323,
326,
334,
336,
341,
342,
345,
347,
350,
354,
361,
370,
374,
381,
389,
392,
394,
401,
406,
414,
422,
430,
433,
437,
442,
446,
449,
451,
455,
462,
471,
475,
482,
485,
494,
499,
506,
508,
514,
518,
522,
526,
528,
541,
548,
551,
555,
562,
565,
572,
575,
581,
583,
587,
598,
604,
607,
611,
619,
623,
627,
634,
638,
646,
653,
656,
662,
666,
673,
677,
685
]
} | 48b1071534a24ebd8c08934b143a483e | What percent of IndyMac's deposits were withdrawn by account holders in late June 2008? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"percent",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"deposits",
"were",
"withdrawn",
"by",
"account",
"holders",
"in",
"late",
"June",
"2008",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
13,
16,
23,
26,
35,
40,
50,
53,
61,
69,
72,
77,
82,
86
]
} | {
"text": [
"7.5%"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
308
],
"end": [
311
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
55
],
"end": [
56
]
}
]
} | [
"7.5%"
] |
SQuAD | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of IndyMac's deposits. This “run” on the thrift followed the public release of a letter from Senator Charles Schumer to the FDIC and OTS. The letter outlined the Senator’s concerns with IndyMac. While the run was a contributing factor in the timing of IndyMac’s demise, the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated. | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"home",
"prices",
"declined",
"in",
"the",
"latter",
"half",
"of",
"2007",
"and",
"the",
"secondary",
"mortgage",
"market",
"collapsed",
",",
"IndyMac",
"was",
"forced",
"to",
"hold",
"$",
"10.7",
"billion",
"of",
"loans",
"it",
"could",
"not",
"sell",
"in",
"the",
"secondary",
"market",
".",
"Its",
"reduced",
"liquidity",
"was",
"further",
"exacerbated",
"in",
"late",
"June",
"2008",
"when",
"account",
"holders",
"withdrew",
"$",
"1.55",
"billion",
"or",
"about",
"7.5",
"%",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"deposits",
".",
"This",
"“",
"run",
"”",
"on",
"the",
"thrift",
"followed",
"the",
"public",
"release",
"of",
"a",
"letter",
"from",
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"to",
"the",
"FDIC",
"and",
"OTS",
".",
"The",
"letter",
"outlined",
"the",
"Senator",
"’s",
"concerns",
"with",
"IndyMac",
".",
"While",
"the",
"run",
"was",
"a",
"contributing",
"factor",
"in",
"the",
"timing",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"’s",
"demise",
",",
"the",
"underlying",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"failure",
"was",
"the",
"unsafe",
"and",
"unsound",
"manner",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"thrift",
"was",
"operated",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
17,
26,
29,
33,
40,
45,
48,
53,
57,
61,
71,
80,
87,
96,
98,
106,
110,
117,
120,
125,
126,
131,
139,
142,
148,
151,
157,
161,
166,
169,
173,
183,
189,
191,
195,
203,
213,
217,
225,
237,
240,
245,
250,
255,
260,
268,
276,
285,
286,
291,
299,
302,
308,
311,
313,
316,
323,
326,
334,
336,
341,
342,
345,
347,
350,
354,
361,
370,
374,
381,
389,
392,
394,
401,
406,
414,
422,
430,
433,
437,
442,
446,
449,
451,
455,
462,
471,
475,
482,
485,
494,
499,
506,
508,
514,
518,
522,
526,
528,
541,
548,
551,
555,
562,
565,
572,
575,
581,
583,
587,
598,
604,
607,
611,
619,
623,
627,
634,
638,
646,
653,
656,
662,
666,
673,
677,
685
]
} | bf28f7c4fec146d5851bdc4db5451da9 | What was the value of loans IndyMac was forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed in late 2007? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"value",
"of",
"loans",
"IndyMac",
"was",
"forced",
"to",
"hold",
"when",
"the",
"secondary",
"mortgage",
"market",
"collapsed",
"in",
"late",
"2007",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
19,
22,
28,
36,
40,
47,
50,
55,
60,
64,
74,
83,
90,
100,
103,
108,
112
]
} | {
"text": [
"$10.7 billion"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
125
],
"end": [
137
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
22
],
"end": [
24
]
}
]
} | [
"$10.7 billion"
] |
SQuAD | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of IndyMac's deposits. This “run” on the thrift followed the public release of a letter from Senator Charles Schumer to the FDIC and OTS. The letter outlined the Senator’s concerns with IndyMac. While the run was a contributing factor in the timing of IndyMac’s demise, the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated. | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"home",
"prices",
"declined",
"in",
"the",
"latter",
"half",
"of",
"2007",
"and",
"the",
"secondary",
"mortgage",
"market",
"collapsed",
",",
"IndyMac",
"was",
"forced",
"to",
"hold",
"$",
"10.7",
"billion",
"of",
"loans",
"it",
"could",
"not",
"sell",
"in",
"the",
"secondary",
"market",
".",
"Its",
"reduced",
"liquidity",
"was",
"further",
"exacerbated",
"in",
"late",
"June",
"2008",
"when",
"account",
"holders",
"withdrew",
"$",
"1.55",
"billion",
"or",
"about",
"7.5",
"%",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"deposits",
".",
"This",
"“",
"run",
"”",
"on",
"the",
"thrift",
"followed",
"the",
"public",
"release",
"of",
"a",
"letter",
"from",
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"to",
"the",
"FDIC",
"and",
"OTS",
".",
"The",
"letter",
"outlined",
"the",
"Senator",
"’s",
"concerns",
"with",
"IndyMac",
".",
"While",
"the",
"run",
"was",
"a",
"contributing",
"factor",
"in",
"the",
"timing",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"’s",
"demise",
",",
"the",
"underlying",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"failure",
"was",
"the",
"unsafe",
"and",
"unsound",
"manner",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"thrift",
"was",
"operated",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
17,
26,
29,
33,
40,
45,
48,
53,
57,
61,
71,
80,
87,
96,
98,
106,
110,
117,
120,
125,
126,
131,
139,
142,
148,
151,
157,
161,
166,
169,
173,
183,
189,
191,
195,
203,
213,
217,
225,
237,
240,
245,
250,
255,
260,
268,
276,
285,
286,
291,
299,
302,
308,
311,
313,
316,
323,
326,
334,
336,
341,
342,
345,
347,
350,
354,
361,
370,
374,
381,
389,
392,
394,
401,
406,
414,
422,
430,
433,
437,
442,
446,
449,
451,
455,
462,
471,
475,
482,
485,
494,
499,
506,
508,
514,
518,
522,
526,
528,
541,
548,
551,
555,
562,
565,
572,
575,
581,
583,
587,
598,
604,
607,
611,
619,
623,
627,
634,
638,
646,
653,
656,
662,
666,
673,
677,
685
]
} | 35e39a1500de4523a139d5fca88e7ecb | Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a "run" on IndyMac? | {
"tokens": [
"Who",
"is",
"the",
"Senator",
"that",
"released",
"a",
"letter",
"to",
"the",
"FDIC",
"and",
"OTS",
"that",
"prompted",
"a",
"\"",
"run",
"\"",
"on",
"IndyMac",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
7,
11,
19,
24,
33,
35,
42,
45,
49,
54,
58,
62,
67,
76,
78,
79,
82,
84,
87,
94
]
} | {
"text": [
"Charles Schumer"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
414
],
"end": [
428
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
78
],
"end": [
79
]
}
]
} | [
"Charles Schumer"
] |
SQuAD | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of IndyMac's deposits. This “run” on the thrift followed the public release of a letter from Senator Charles Schumer to the FDIC and OTS. The letter outlined the Senator’s concerns with IndyMac. While the run was a contributing factor in the timing of IndyMac’s demise, the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated. | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"home",
"prices",
"declined",
"in",
"the",
"latter",
"half",
"of",
"2007",
"and",
"the",
"secondary",
"mortgage",
"market",
"collapsed",
",",
"IndyMac",
"was",
"forced",
"to",
"hold",
"$",
"10.7",
"billion",
"of",
"loans",
"it",
"could",
"not",
"sell",
"in",
"the",
"secondary",
"market",
".",
"Its",
"reduced",
"liquidity",
"was",
"further",
"exacerbated",
"in",
"late",
"June",
"2008",
"when",
"account",
"holders",
"withdrew",
"$",
"1.55",
"billion",
"or",
"about",
"7.5",
"%",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"'s",
"deposits",
".",
"This",
"“",
"run",
"”",
"on",
"the",
"thrift",
"followed",
"the",
"public",
"release",
"of",
"a",
"letter",
"from",
"Senator",
"Charles",
"Schumer",
"to",
"the",
"FDIC",
"and",
"OTS",
".",
"The",
"letter",
"outlined",
"the",
"Senator",
"’s",
"concerns",
"with",
"IndyMac",
".",
"While",
"the",
"run",
"was",
"a",
"contributing",
"factor",
"in",
"the",
"timing",
"of",
"IndyMac",
"’s",
"demise",
",",
"the",
"underlying",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"failure",
"was",
"the",
"unsafe",
"and",
"unsound",
"manner",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"thrift",
"was",
"operated",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
17,
26,
29,
33,
40,
45,
48,
53,
57,
61,
71,
80,
87,
96,
98,
106,
110,
117,
120,
125,
126,
131,
139,
142,
148,
151,
157,
161,
166,
169,
173,
183,
189,
191,
195,
203,
213,
217,
225,
237,
240,
245,
250,
255,
260,
268,
276,
285,
286,
291,
299,
302,
308,
311,
313,
316,
323,
326,
334,
336,
341,
342,
345,
347,
350,
354,
361,
370,
374,
381,
389,
392,
394,
401,
406,
414,
422,
430,
433,
437,
442,
446,
449,
451,
455,
462,
471,
475,
482,
485,
494,
499,
506,
508,
514,
518,
522,
526,
528,
541,
548,
551,
555,
562,
565,
572,
575,
581,
583,
587,
598,
604,
607,
611,
619,
623,
627,
634,
638,
646,
653,
656,
662,
666,
673,
677,
685
]
} | e5cbd3ad8c8542cb831a56447594078e | What was the underlying cause of the failure on IndyMac? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"underlying",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"failure",
"on",
"IndyMac",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
24,
30,
33,
37,
45,
48,
55
]
} | {
"text": [
"unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
627
],
"end": [
684
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
119
],
"end": [
128
]
}
]
} | [
"unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated"
] |
SQuAD | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
",",
"then",
",",
"concepts",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"quality",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"matter",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"form",
"\"",
"are",
"problematic",
".",
"These",
"\"",
"classical",
"\"",
"concepts",
"fail",
"to",
"adequately",
"account",
"for",
"change",
",",
"and",
"overlook",
"the",
"active",
"and",
"experiential",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"basic",
"elements",
"of",
"the",
"world",
".",
"They",
"are",
"useful",
"abstractions",
",",
"but",
"are",
"not",
"the",
"world",
"'s",
"basic",
"building",
"blocks",
".",
"What",
"is",
"ordinarily",
"conceived",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"single",
"person",
",",
"for",
"instance",
",",
"is",
"philosophically",
"described",
"as",
"a",
"continuum",
"of",
"overlapping",
"events",
".",
"After",
"all",
",",
"people",
"change",
"all",
"the",
"time",
",",
"if",
"only",
"because",
"they",
"have",
"aged",
"by",
"another",
"second",
"and",
"had",
"some",
"further",
"experience",
".",
"These",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"are",
"logically",
"distinct",
",",
"but",
"are",
"progressively",
"connected",
"in",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"a",
"\"",
"society",
"\"",
"of",
"events",
".",
"By",
"assuming",
"that",
"enduring",
"objects",
"are",
"the",
"most",
"real",
"and",
"fundamental",
"things",
"in",
"the",
"universe",
",",
"materialists",
"have",
"mistaken",
"the",
"abstract",
"for",
"the",
"concrete",
"(",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"the",
"\"",
"fallacy",
"of",
"misplaced",
"concreteness",
"\"",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
12,
15,
19,
21,
25,
27,
36,
41,
44,
45,
52,
53,
55,
56,
62,
63,
65,
69,
70,
74,
76,
80,
91,
93,
99,
100,
109,
111,
120,
125,
128,
139,
147,
151,
157,
159,
163,
172,
176,
183,
187,
200,
207,
210,
214,
219,
225,
234,
237,
241,
246,
248,
253,
257,
264,
276,
278,
282,
286,
290,
294,
299,
302,
308,
317,
323,
325,
330,
333,
344,
354,
357,
360,
362,
369,
375,
377,
381,
389,
391,
394,
410,
420,
423,
425,
435,
438,
450,
456,
458,
464,
467,
469,
476,
483,
487,
491,
495,
497,
500,
505,
513,
518,
523,
528,
531,
539,
546,
550,
554,
559,
567,
577,
579,
585,
595,
598,
609,
613,
623,
631,
633,
637,
641,
655,
665,
668,
673,
683,
689,
691,
692,
699,
701,
704,
710,
712,
715,
724,
729,
738,
746,
750,
754,
759,
764,
768,
780,
787,
790,
794,
802,
804,
817,
822,
831,
835,
844,
848,
852,
861,
862,
867,
877,
883,
887,
888,
896,
899,
909,
921,
922,
923
]
} | 4aa0a5968d1741c3a45dec35d11d3afe | How did Whitehead define the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"define",
"the",
"\"",
"fallacy",
"of",
"misplaced",
"concreteness",
"\"",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
18,
25,
29,
30,
38,
41,
51,
63,
64
]
} | {
"text": [
"By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
712
],
"end": [
859
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
138
],
"end": [
161
]
}
]
} | [
"By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete"
] |
SQuAD | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
",",
"then",
",",
"concepts",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"quality",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"matter",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"form",
"\"",
"are",
"problematic",
".",
"These",
"\"",
"classical",
"\"",
"concepts",
"fail",
"to",
"adequately",
"account",
"for",
"change",
",",
"and",
"overlook",
"the",
"active",
"and",
"experiential",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"basic",
"elements",
"of",
"the",
"world",
".",
"They",
"are",
"useful",
"abstractions",
",",
"but",
"are",
"not",
"the",
"world",
"'s",
"basic",
"building",
"blocks",
".",
"What",
"is",
"ordinarily",
"conceived",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"single",
"person",
",",
"for",
"instance",
",",
"is",
"philosophically",
"described",
"as",
"a",
"continuum",
"of",
"overlapping",
"events",
".",
"After",
"all",
",",
"people",
"change",
"all",
"the",
"time",
",",
"if",
"only",
"because",
"they",
"have",
"aged",
"by",
"another",
"second",
"and",
"had",
"some",
"further",
"experience",
".",
"These",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"are",
"logically",
"distinct",
",",
"but",
"are",
"progressively",
"connected",
"in",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"a",
"\"",
"society",
"\"",
"of",
"events",
".",
"By",
"assuming",
"that",
"enduring",
"objects",
"are",
"the",
"most",
"real",
"and",
"fundamental",
"things",
"in",
"the",
"universe",
",",
"materialists",
"have",
"mistaken",
"the",
"abstract",
"for",
"the",
"concrete",
"(",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"the",
"\"",
"fallacy",
"of",
"misplaced",
"concreteness",
"\"",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
12,
15,
19,
21,
25,
27,
36,
41,
44,
45,
52,
53,
55,
56,
62,
63,
65,
69,
70,
74,
76,
80,
91,
93,
99,
100,
109,
111,
120,
125,
128,
139,
147,
151,
157,
159,
163,
172,
176,
183,
187,
200,
207,
210,
214,
219,
225,
234,
237,
241,
246,
248,
253,
257,
264,
276,
278,
282,
286,
290,
294,
299,
302,
308,
317,
323,
325,
330,
333,
344,
354,
357,
360,
362,
369,
375,
377,
381,
389,
391,
394,
410,
420,
423,
425,
435,
438,
450,
456,
458,
464,
467,
469,
476,
483,
487,
491,
495,
497,
500,
505,
513,
518,
523,
528,
531,
539,
546,
550,
554,
559,
567,
577,
579,
585,
595,
598,
609,
613,
623,
631,
633,
637,
641,
655,
665,
668,
673,
683,
689,
691,
692,
699,
701,
704,
710,
712,
715,
724,
729,
738,
746,
750,
754,
759,
764,
768,
780,
787,
790,
794,
802,
804,
817,
822,
831,
835,
844,
848,
852,
861,
862,
867,
877,
883,
887,
888,
896,
899,
909,
921,
922,
923
]
} | 1422ceb3f0944f30ac896dd8729af878 | What basic concepts did Whitehead believe were questionable? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"basic",
"concepts",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"believe",
"were",
"questionable",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
11,
20,
24,
34,
42,
47,
59
]
} | {
"text": [
"\"quality\", \"matter\", and \"form\""
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
44
],
"end": [
74
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
10
],
"end": [
21
]
}
]
} | [
"\"quality\", \"matter\", and \"form\""
] |
SQuAD | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
",",
"then",
",",
"concepts",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"quality",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"matter",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"form",
"\"",
"are",
"problematic",
".",
"These",
"\"",
"classical",
"\"",
"concepts",
"fail",
"to",
"adequately",
"account",
"for",
"change",
",",
"and",
"overlook",
"the",
"active",
"and",
"experiential",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"basic",
"elements",
"of",
"the",
"world",
".",
"They",
"are",
"useful",
"abstractions",
",",
"but",
"are",
"not",
"the",
"world",
"'s",
"basic",
"building",
"blocks",
".",
"What",
"is",
"ordinarily",
"conceived",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"single",
"person",
",",
"for",
"instance",
",",
"is",
"philosophically",
"described",
"as",
"a",
"continuum",
"of",
"overlapping",
"events",
".",
"After",
"all",
",",
"people",
"change",
"all",
"the",
"time",
",",
"if",
"only",
"because",
"they",
"have",
"aged",
"by",
"another",
"second",
"and",
"had",
"some",
"further",
"experience",
".",
"These",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"are",
"logically",
"distinct",
",",
"but",
"are",
"progressively",
"connected",
"in",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"a",
"\"",
"society",
"\"",
"of",
"events",
".",
"By",
"assuming",
"that",
"enduring",
"objects",
"are",
"the",
"most",
"real",
"and",
"fundamental",
"things",
"in",
"the",
"universe",
",",
"materialists",
"have",
"mistaken",
"the",
"abstract",
"for",
"the",
"concrete",
"(",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"the",
"\"",
"fallacy",
"of",
"misplaced",
"concreteness",
"\"",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
12,
15,
19,
21,
25,
27,
36,
41,
44,
45,
52,
53,
55,
56,
62,
63,
65,
69,
70,
74,
76,
80,
91,
93,
99,
100,
109,
111,
120,
125,
128,
139,
147,
151,
157,
159,
163,
172,
176,
183,
187,
200,
207,
210,
214,
219,
225,
234,
237,
241,
246,
248,
253,
257,
264,
276,
278,
282,
286,
290,
294,
299,
302,
308,
317,
323,
325,
330,
333,
344,
354,
357,
360,
362,
369,
375,
377,
381,
389,
391,
394,
410,
420,
423,
425,
435,
438,
450,
456,
458,
464,
467,
469,
476,
483,
487,
491,
495,
497,
500,
505,
513,
518,
523,
528,
531,
539,
546,
550,
554,
559,
567,
577,
579,
585,
595,
598,
609,
613,
623,
631,
633,
637,
641,
655,
665,
668,
673,
683,
689,
691,
692,
699,
701,
704,
710,
712,
715,
724,
729,
738,
746,
750,
754,
759,
764,
768,
780,
787,
790,
794,
802,
804,
817,
822,
831,
835,
844,
848,
852,
861,
862,
867,
877,
883,
887,
888,
896,
899,
909,
921,
922,
923
]
} | fc2ca677ed7f413f8656748ebc8ecc24 | Why did he believe those concepts were inaccurate? | {
"tokens": [
"Why",
"did",
"he",
"believe",
"those",
"concepts",
"were",
"inaccurate",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
11,
19,
25,
34,
39,
49
]
} | {
"text": [
"These \"classical\" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world."
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
93
],
"end": [
246
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
25
],
"end": [
52
]
}
]
} | [
"These \"classical\" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world."
] |
SQuAD | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
",",
"then",
",",
"concepts",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"quality",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"matter",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"form",
"\"",
"are",
"problematic",
".",
"These",
"\"",
"classical",
"\"",
"concepts",
"fail",
"to",
"adequately",
"account",
"for",
"change",
",",
"and",
"overlook",
"the",
"active",
"and",
"experiential",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"basic",
"elements",
"of",
"the",
"world",
".",
"They",
"are",
"useful",
"abstractions",
",",
"but",
"are",
"not",
"the",
"world",
"'s",
"basic",
"building",
"blocks",
".",
"What",
"is",
"ordinarily",
"conceived",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"single",
"person",
",",
"for",
"instance",
",",
"is",
"philosophically",
"described",
"as",
"a",
"continuum",
"of",
"overlapping",
"events",
".",
"After",
"all",
",",
"people",
"change",
"all",
"the",
"time",
",",
"if",
"only",
"because",
"they",
"have",
"aged",
"by",
"another",
"second",
"and",
"had",
"some",
"further",
"experience",
".",
"These",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"are",
"logically",
"distinct",
",",
"but",
"are",
"progressively",
"connected",
"in",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"a",
"\"",
"society",
"\"",
"of",
"events",
".",
"By",
"assuming",
"that",
"enduring",
"objects",
"are",
"the",
"most",
"real",
"and",
"fundamental",
"things",
"in",
"the",
"universe",
",",
"materialists",
"have",
"mistaken",
"the",
"abstract",
"for",
"the",
"concrete",
"(",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"the",
"\"",
"fallacy",
"of",
"misplaced",
"concreteness",
"\"",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
12,
15,
19,
21,
25,
27,
36,
41,
44,
45,
52,
53,
55,
56,
62,
63,
65,
69,
70,
74,
76,
80,
91,
93,
99,
100,
109,
111,
120,
125,
128,
139,
147,
151,
157,
159,
163,
172,
176,
183,
187,
200,
207,
210,
214,
219,
225,
234,
237,
241,
246,
248,
253,
257,
264,
276,
278,
282,
286,
290,
294,
299,
302,
308,
317,
323,
325,
330,
333,
344,
354,
357,
360,
362,
369,
375,
377,
381,
389,
391,
394,
410,
420,
423,
425,
435,
438,
450,
456,
458,
464,
467,
469,
476,
483,
487,
491,
495,
497,
500,
505,
513,
518,
523,
528,
531,
539,
546,
550,
554,
559,
567,
577,
579,
585,
595,
598,
609,
613,
623,
631,
633,
637,
641,
655,
665,
668,
673,
683,
689,
691,
692,
699,
701,
704,
710,
712,
715,
724,
729,
738,
746,
750,
754,
759,
764,
768,
780,
787,
790,
794,
802,
804,
817,
822,
831,
835,
844,
848,
852,
861,
862,
867,
877,
883,
887,
888,
896,
899,
909,
921,
922,
923
]
} | b096641a36284fd6903da3671da96c90 | How did Whitehead classify what is usually seen as an individual person? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"classify",
"what",
"is",
"usually",
"seen",
"as",
"an",
"individual",
"person",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
18,
27,
32,
35,
43,
48,
51,
54,
65,
71
]
} | {
"text": [
"a continuum of overlapping events"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
423
],
"end": [
455
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
85
],
"end": [
89
]
}
]
} | [
"a continuum of overlapping events"
] |
SQuAD | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
",",
"then",
",",
"concepts",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"quality",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"matter",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"form",
"\"",
"are",
"problematic",
".",
"These",
"\"",
"classical",
"\"",
"concepts",
"fail",
"to",
"adequately",
"account",
"for",
"change",
",",
"and",
"overlook",
"the",
"active",
"and",
"experiential",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"basic",
"elements",
"of",
"the",
"world",
".",
"They",
"are",
"useful",
"abstractions",
",",
"but",
"are",
"not",
"the",
"world",
"'s",
"basic",
"building",
"blocks",
".",
"What",
"is",
"ordinarily",
"conceived",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"single",
"person",
",",
"for",
"instance",
",",
"is",
"philosophically",
"described",
"as",
"a",
"continuum",
"of",
"overlapping",
"events",
".",
"After",
"all",
",",
"people",
"change",
"all",
"the",
"time",
",",
"if",
"only",
"because",
"they",
"have",
"aged",
"by",
"another",
"second",
"and",
"had",
"some",
"further",
"experience",
".",
"These",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"are",
"logically",
"distinct",
",",
"but",
"are",
"progressively",
"connected",
"in",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"a",
"\"",
"society",
"\"",
"of",
"events",
".",
"By",
"assuming",
"that",
"enduring",
"objects",
"are",
"the",
"most",
"real",
"and",
"fundamental",
"things",
"in",
"the",
"universe",
",",
"materialists",
"have",
"mistaken",
"the",
"abstract",
"for",
"the",
"concrete",
"(",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"the",
"\"",
"fallacy",
"of",
"misplaced",
"concreteness",
"\"",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
12,
15,
19,
21,
25,
27,
36,
41,
44,
45,
52,
53,
55,
56,
62,
63,
65,
69,
70,
74,
76,
80,
91,
93,
99,
100,
109,
111,
120,
125,
128,
139,
147,
151,
157,
159,
163,
172,
176,
183,
187,
200,
207,
210,
214,
219,
225,
234,
237,
241,
246,
248,
253,
257,
264,
276,
278,
282,
286,
290,
294,
299,
302,
308,
317,
323,
325,
330,
333,
344,
354,
357,
360,
362,
369,
375,
377,
381,
389,
391,
394,
410,
420,
423,
425,
435,
438,
450,
456,
458,
464,
467,
469,
476,
483,
487,
491,
495,
497,
500,
505,
513,
518,
523,
528,
531,
539,
546,
550,
554,
559,
567,
577,
579,
585,
595,
598,
609,
613,
623,
631,
633,
637,
641,
655,
665,
668,
673,
683,
689,
691,
692,
699,
701,
704,
710,
712,
715,
724,
729,
738,
746,
750,
754,
759,
764,
768,
780,
787,
790,
794,
802,
804,
817,
822,
831,
835,
844,
848,
852,
861,
862,
867,
877,
883,
887,
888,
896,
899,
909,
921,
922,
923
]
} | 4ee25a969506487a98f1d4ebfacc4276 | How did Whitehead refer to the combination of a person's separate experiences? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"did",
"Whitehead",
"refer",
"to",
"the",
"combination",
"of",
"a",
"person",
"'s",
"separate",
"experiences",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
18,
24,
27,
31,
43,
46,
48,
54,
57,
66,
77
]
} | {
"text": [
"a \"society\" of events"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
689
],
"end": [
709
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
131
],
"end": [
136
]
}
]
} | [
"a \"society\" of events"
] |
SQuAD | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"Whitehead",
"'s",
"view",
",",
"then",
",",
"concepts",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"quality",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"matter",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"form",
"\"",
"are",
"problematic",
".",
"These",
"\"",
"classical",
"\"",
"concepts",
"fail",
"to",
"adequately",
"account",
"for",
"change",
",",
"and",
"overlook",
"the",
"active",
"and",
"experiential",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"basic",
"elements",
"of",
"the",
"world",
".",
"They",
"are",
"useful",
"abstractions",
",",
"but",
"are",
"not",
"the",
"world",
"'s",
"basic",
"building",
"blocks",
".",
"What",
"is",
"ordinarily",
"conceived",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"single",
"person",
",",
"for",
"instance",
",",
"is",
"philosophically",
"described",
"as",
"a",
"continuum",
"of",
"overlapping",
"events",
".",
"After",
"all",
",",
"people",
"change",
"all",
"the",
"time",
",",
"if",
"only",
"because",
"they",
"have",
"aged",
"by",
"another",
"second",
"and",
"had",
"some",
"further",
"experience",
".",
"These",
"occasions",
"of",
"experience",
"are",
"logically",
"distinct",
",",
"but",
"are",
"progressively",
"connected",
"in",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"a",
"\"",
"society",
"\"",
"of",
"events",
".",
"By",
"assuming",
"that",
"enduring",
"objects",
"are",
"the",
"most",
"real",
"and",
"fundamental",
"things",
"in",
"the",
"universe",
",",
"materialists",
"have",
"mistaken",
"the",
"abstract",
"for",
"the",
"concrete",
"(",
"what",
"Whitehead",
"calls",
"the",
"\"",
"fallacy",
"of",
"misplaced",
"concreteness",
"\"",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
12,
15,
19,
21,
25,
27,
36,
41,
44,
45,
52,
53,
55,
56,
62,
63,
65,
69,
70,
74,
76,
80,
91,
93,
99,
100,
109,
111,
120,
125,
128,
139,
147,
151,
157,
159,
163,
172,
176,
183,
187,
200,
207,
210,
214,
219,
225,
234,
237,
241,
246,
248,
253,
257,
264,
276,
278,
282,
286,
290,
294,
299,
302,
308,
317,
323,
325,
330,
333,
344,
354,
357,
360,
362,
369,
375,
377,
381,
389,
391,
394,
410,
420,
423,
425,
435,
438,
450,
456,
458,
464,
467,
469,
476,
483,
487,
491,
495,
497,
500,
505,
513,
518,
523,
528,
531,
539,
546,
550,
554,
559,
567,
577,
579,
585,
595,
598,
609,
613,
623,
631,
633,
637,
641,
655,
665,
668,
673,
683,
689,
691,
692,
699,
701,
704,
710,
712,
715,
724,
729,
738,
746,
750,
754,
759,
764,
768,
780,
787,
790,
794,
802,
804,
817,
822,
831,
835,
844,
848,
852,
861,
862,
867,
877,
883,
887,
888,
896,
899,
909,
921,
922,
923
]
} | df6e1ef66c164bf592ef25fa483feeaf | What are the concepts quality, matter, and form considered? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"are",
"the",
"concepts",
"quality",
",",
"matter",
",",
"and",
"form",
"considered",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
22,
29,
31,
37,
39,
43,
48,
58
]
} | {
"text": [
"\"classical\" concepts"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
99
],
"end": [
118
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
26
],
"end": [
29
]
}
]
} | [
"\"classical\" concepts"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.