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SQuAD
In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
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67453ceb6ff1483eaeba19415abc8d25
What was burned during these boycotts?
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{ "text": [ "the French flag" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 688 ], "end": [ 702 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 124 ], "end": [ 126 ] } ] }
[ "the French flag" ]
SQuAD
In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
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Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama?
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{ "text": [ "LVMH Group" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 232 ], "end": [ 241 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ] }
[ "LVMH Group" ]
SQuAD
In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
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f5e844ce9b494f448e4bbd1f61b086e2
Boycotters accused France of being pro-seccessionist and what?
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{ "text": [ "anti-Chinese racism." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 582 ], "end": [ 601 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ] }
[ "anti-Chinese racism." ]
SQuAD
In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
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How does Whitehead characterize anything that exists?
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{ "text": [ "in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 188 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it" ]
SQuAD
In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
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92b17ca63d154c5a8173c02863970c62
How does he describe what makes something real?
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[ "A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it" ]
SQuAD
In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
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34b43ac8d06c4708b7f7c441e9def05d
In Whitehead's thinking, what could be said about something that has no effect on any other person or object?
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[ "if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist" ]
SQuAD
In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
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8ec44b8b7cff4955b605a8273e82763c
What did Whitehead believe about the concept of relations in the context of defining an entity?
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[ "Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is." ]
SQuAD
In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
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4b1addce2c774840b244371fca5f73e0
Whitehead believes any entity is in some sense what?
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{ "text": [ "nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 133 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities" ]
SQuAD
In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
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b1b1f96ebb87409fa6ff084870939fc6
If an object made no difference to any other entity, what could be said about it?
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{ "text": [ "not be said to really exist." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 430 ], "end": [ 457 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ] }
[ "not be said to really exist." ]
SQuAD
In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
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43ac8460eec645fa9d13322bdfc881c3
If relations are not secondary to what a thing is, what is it?
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{ "text": [ "they are what the thing is" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 507 ], "end": [ 532 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 106 ], "end": [ 111 ] } ] }
[ "they are what the thing is" ]
SQuAD
In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
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fdac438a14b14945917ce82f91b9a8c0
A real object forces the universe to do what?
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{ "text": [ "in some way conform to it" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 258 ], "end": [ 282 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "in some way conform to it" ]
SQuAD
Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive (such as his assertion that matter is an abstraction), or his inclusion of theistic elements in his philosophy, or the perception of metaphysics itself as passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.
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2db3b338fc824c7d8c22ac3e264476d6
what is an example of Whitehead's ideas being counter-intuitive?
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{ "text": [ "his assertion that matter is an abstraction" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 357 ], "end": [ 399 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "his assertion that matter is an abstraction" ]
SQuAD
Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive (such as his assertion that matter is an abstraction), or his inclusion of theistic elements in his philosophy, or the perception of metaphysics itself as passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.
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b395c6ff23f94c87b43284506160bb69
Why do some people believe Whitehead's writings may have restricted his influence?
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{ "text": [ "the sheer difficulty and density of his prose" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 520 ], "end": [ 564 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 93 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }
[ "the sheer difficulty and density of his prose" ]
SQuAD
Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive (such as his assertion that matter is an abstraction), or his inclusion of theistic elements in his philosophy, or the perception of metaphysics itself as passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.
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3eacee24c62f4cc399de0b45ff177640
What is a common opinion of metaphysics?
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{ "text": [ "perception of metaphysics itself as passé" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 467 ], "end": [ 507 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "perception of metaphysics itself as passé" ]
SQuAD
Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive (such as his assertion that matter is an abstraction), or his inclusion of theistic elements in his philosophy, or the perception of metaphysics itself as passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.
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a44f94cdbb3a451a91c7727b67899070
What is the general opinion of Whitehead in most philosophical schools?
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{ "text": [ "Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 171 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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e8d9c8770d2e4b82b2bfbddb03dcaaca
Despite its imperfection, what are now considered valuable achievements of Principia Mathematica?
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[ "the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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f4d9cf0687384ba8a4bb7755a3b4fa4f
What is the general consensus of the axioms and inference rules declared in Principia Mathematica?
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[ "mixed" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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be12b03b7bc641698cb25726d6aacd61
Who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1931?
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[ "Kurt Gödel" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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aaff3ebc25d945ec9e498d3ac3d0cbe3
What did the incompleteness theorem of 1931 indicate regarding Principia Mathematica?
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{ "text": [ "for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 172 ], "end": [ 326 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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6aa04f879ebb471e9a9ec958cfc0227e
Why was Gödels finding ironic?
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[ "Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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7f9159c7fcbc4209b3b1833a5a8d4a48
When was Kurt Godel's incompleteness theorem?
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[ "1931" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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9b52aeba55e2494aae578c85134c58a6
What did Kurt Godel's theorem demonstrate about axioms and the inference rules?
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{ "text": [ "some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 274 ], "end": [ 336 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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767b363d537d4d2693630fea12a4f04e
Godel couldn't have come to his conclusion without what book?
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[ "Principia Mathematica" ]
SQuAD
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
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2da74f72392d41279147f911fc831948
Besides logic and epistemology, what else did Principia Mathematica connect?
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{ "text": [ "metaphysics" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 793 ], "end": [ 803 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 132 ], "end": [ 132 ] } ] }
[ "metaphysics" ]
SQuAD
Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God? Instead, as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world. However, process theology has been formulated in a wide variety of ways. C. Robert Mesle, for instance, advocates a "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.
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98dbb1e64e1141efbff858af6026d6b0
What aspect of God is usually emphasized in process theology?
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{ "text": [ "God's relational nature" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "God's relational nature" ]
SQuAD
Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God? Instead, as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world. However, process theology has been formulated in a wide variety of ways. C. Robert Mesle, for instance, advocates a "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.
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8ed5912555314e15b83da74f44a7a476
How is God usually perceived by process theologians?
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{ "text": [ "\"the fellow sufferer who understands\", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 145 ], "end": [ 244 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "\"the fellow sufferer who understands\", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events" ]
SQuAD
Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God? Instead, as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world. However, process theology has been formulated in a wide variety of ways. C. Robert Mesle, for instance, advocates a "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.
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800b267b483446b8b1469a18b439fe9b
Why did Hartshorne feel that God must be affected by people?
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[ "people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God?" ]
SQuAD
Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God? Instead, as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world. However, process theology has been formulated in a wide variety of ways. C. Robert Mesle, for instance, advocates a "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.
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6bec2f0db9ca4d86b7cf03b52f8ebe8d
Why would God being substantially affected by the world be beneficial?
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{ "text": [ "as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 442 ], "end": [ 553 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ] }
[ "as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world" ]
SQuAD
Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God? Instead, as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world. However, process theology has been formulated in a wide variety of ways. C. Robert Mesle, for instance, advocates a "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.
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5ab320945bb24d4eb9d04110772a33d4
What type of process theology does C. Robert Mesle promote?
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{ "text": [ "\"process naturalism\", i.e. a process theology without God." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 672 ], "end": [ 729 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 129 ], "end": [ 140 ] } ] }
[ "\"process naturalism\", i.e. a process theology without God." ]
SQuAD
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
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4b6bc7e5a0794e90b4f9e02fe67bfd0f
What quotation of Whitehead's was noted by a student in 1927?
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{ "text": [ "\"Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized.\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 285 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "\"Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized.\"" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
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06ee643fafab4d54a8db4aa2c5118bb8
What was Whitehead's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics?
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{ "text": [ "such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 413 ], "end": [ 506 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ] }
[ "such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
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12abb809a47740e6abf7f4fd24fb8e7b
What did Whitehead feel was necessary regarding basic assumptions in metaphysics?
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{ "text": [ "people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 646 ], "end": [ 791 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 110 ], "end": [ 134 ] } ] }
[ "people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
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829fe08b035741bab674fd672944950d
What was Whitehead's opinion of metaphysical investigations?
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[ "Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
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0ee9fee2086b4ceda2d3a5bec546cdc0
What do philosophers do, in Whitehead's view?
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{ "text": [ "make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 336 ], "end": [ 393 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
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d7da243ac96b499795cea93c2dc5f935
Assumptions of how the universe works are difficult to see precisely because of what?
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{ "text": [ "they remain unexamined and unquestioned" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 468 ], "end": [ 506 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ] }
[ "they remain unexamined and unquestioned" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
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6f19249085444da8986153f36eb201d8
What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress?
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{ "text": [ "basic assumptions about how the universe works" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 690 ], "end": [ 735 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 118 ], "end": [ 124 ] } ] }
[ "basic assumptions about how the universe works" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
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0cdbae572c7a4c54b2a0dc6996bbd6ca
What did Whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy?
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{ "text": [ "metaphysical investigations" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 883 ], "end": [ 909 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 149 ], "end": [ 150 ] } ] }
[ "metaphysical investigations" ]
SQuAD
There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)
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25c06b6df36e48229c99f17e8ffc8b50
What did Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China members wave to symbolize democracy?
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{ "text": [ "plastic Olympic flames" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 215 ], "end": [ 236 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "plastic Olympic flames" ]
SQuAD
There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)
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7a738af0a71841588d820b61f7aa8617
This group wanted accountability for what 1989 event?
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{ "text": [ "Tiananmen Square protests" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 312 ], "end": [ 336 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "Tiananmen Square protests" ]
SQuAD
There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)
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a90f663aae034ee381a18cea2e3dd37c
Who wrapped a Tibetan flag around her body and later waved it?
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{ "text": [ "Christina Chan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1242 ], "end": [ 1255 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 241 ], "end": [ 242 ] } ] }
[ "Christina Chan" ]
SQuAD
There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)
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9123413981b14f2b9e84ded741e6fd1a
Who removed Chan from the protest?
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "removed", "Chan", "from", "the", "protest", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 12, 17, 22, 26, 33 ] }
{ "text": [ "police" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1531 ], "end": [ 1536 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 301 ], "end": [ 301 ] } ] }
[ "police" ]
SQuAD
There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)
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e1898bff5c7a451ab0c75b34a9fc8f1a
Why is Chan suing the Hong Kong government?
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{ "text": [ "her human rights were breached." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1640 ], "end": [ 1670 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 322 ], "end": [ 327 ] } ] }
[ "her human rights were breached." ]
SQuAD
There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)
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cd9500e1534743fbb0250954cf9f4d53
Some people waved plastic inflated flames, saying they symbolize what?
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{ "text": [ "democracy." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 266 ], "end": [ 275 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ] }
[ "democracy." ]
SQuAD
There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)
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e050507ba3234aec9985b50cc0cae4c8
Who was proud that Hong Kong still has brave people speaking out?
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{ "text": [ "Leung Kwok-hung" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 446 ], "end": [ 460 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "Leung Kwok-hung" ]
SQuAD
There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)
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1e105d61ce784c5dac373742e383eb4a
What did radio host Christina Chan wear before waving it?
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{ "text": [ "Tibetan snow lion flag" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1269 ], "end": [ 1290 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 245 ], "end": [ 248 ] } ] }
[ "Tibetan snow lion flag" ]
SQuAD
In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
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5980ea553b2046fb9b9afc7b90cd039b
The Chinese government tried to tamper the boycott, trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005?
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{ "text": [ "anti-Japanese protests" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 194 ], "end": [ 215 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "anti-Japanese protests" ]
SQuAD
In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
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1bbcbc350a714b30880374e2e249a467
Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully?
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{ "text": [ "People's Daily" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 307 ], "end": [ 320 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "People's Daily" ]
SQuAD
In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
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5e14719d39984daaacc778448ede2526
Which website had mentions of the Carrefour boycott removed by the government?
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{ "text": [ "Sohu.com" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 554 ], "end": [ 561 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }
[ "Sohu.com" ]
SQuAD
In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
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4c9aaa440ea34516a130a6deaf318264
When did protests in front of Carrefour's stores occur in China?
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{ "text": [ "May 1" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 953 ], "end": [ 957 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 170 ], "end": [ 171 ] } ] }
[ "May 1" ]
SQuAD
In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
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0284720c55b845bf8534aaf02f539c74
The Chinese government did not want a repeat of what protests?
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{ "text": [ "the anti-Japanese protests in 2005." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 190 ], "end": [ 224 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "the anti-Japanese protests in 2005." ]
SQuAD
In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
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6b4507b0a4fd4afc8c25f18260536c1d
Which newspaper asked the Chinese people to protest peacefully?
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{ "text": [ "People's Daily" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 307 ], "end": [ 320 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "People's Daily" ]
SQuAD
In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
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1f895dfafe554ae483e9cc5d7154e1ae
Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites?
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{ "text": [ "the Chinese government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "the Chinese government" ]
SQuAD
In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
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0a15b707348140819c7127ce483f6841
What day did protests occur in front of Carrefour stores?
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{ "text": [ "May 1." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 953 ], "end": [ 958 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 170 ], "end": [ 172 ] } ] }
[ "May 1." ]
SQuAD
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent decades attention to Whitehead's work has become more widespread, with interest extending to intellectuals in Europe and China, and coming from such diverse fields as ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology. One of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought was the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple. In Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 (subsequently published as "Nature, Man and God"), Whitehead is one of a number of philosophers of the emergent evolution approach Temple interacts with. However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.
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24e864492205477bb60181d738d3ce22
In what areas of the world has interest in Whitehead's work spread in recent decades?
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{ "text": [ "Europe and China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 426 ], "end": [ 441 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "Europe and China" ]
SQuAD
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent decades attention to Whitehead's work has become more widespread, with interest extending to intellectuals in Europe and China, and coming from such diverse fields as ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology. One of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought was the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple. In Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 (subsequently published as "Nature, Man and God"), Whitehead is one of a number of philosophers of the emergent evolution approach Temple interacts with. However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.
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90f096645cb64247be329ab9570bf01d
Who was one of the first theologians to try to interact with Whitehead's ideas?
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{ "text": [ "William Temple" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 666 ], "end": [ 679 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 112 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ] }
[ "William Temple" ]
SQuAD
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent decades attention to Whitehead's work has become more widespread, with interest extending to intellectuals in Europe and China, and coming from such diverse fields as ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology. One of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought was the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple. In Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 (subsequently published as "Nature, Man and God"), Whitehead is one of a number of philosophers of the emergent evolution approach Temple interacts with. However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.
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701653b68c1943fe87f8f04365850cd0
What was the basis for "Nature, Man and God"?
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{ "text": [ "Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 685 ], "end": [ 722 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 116 ], "end": [ 123 ] } ] }
[ "Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934" ]
SQuAD
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent decades attention to Whitehead's work has become more widespread, with interest extending to intellectuals in Europe and China, and coming from such diverse fields as ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology. One of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought was the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple. In Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 (subsequently published as "Nature, Man and God"), Whitehead is one of a number of philosophers of the emergent evolution approach Temple interacts with. However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.
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140393c7bbd7479897c20441d43a3c9b
According to Isabelle Stengers, what are unifying factors in diverse practices (like ecology and feminism) that have become interested in Whitehead's work?
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{ "text": [ "practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 208 ], "end": [ 294 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education" ]
SQuAD
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent decades attention to Whitehead's work has become more widespread, with interest extending to intellectuals in Europe and China, and coming from such diverse fields as ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology. One of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought was the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple. In Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 (subsequently published as "Nature, Man and God"), Whitehead is one of a number of philosophers of the emergent evolution approach Temple interacts with. However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.
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3e78554331274d05ba2b77d7ad3faf05
What other fields have shown more recent interest in Whitehead's work?
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{ "text": [ "ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 483 ], "end": [ 545 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ] }
[ "ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology" ]
SQuAD
Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.
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13d153b7e19b47d1a247ac9ae0560e65
In what field of study has Whitehead's work been most influential in the United States?
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[ "American progressive theology" ]
SQuAD
Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.
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084beefd16834f8cb0e8c4ec268f873a
Who was the most important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?
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{ "text": [ "Charles Hartshorne" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 190 ], "end": [ 207 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "Charles Hartshorne" ]
SQuAD
Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.
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39e9b7ffc9d148609dcad9f6a6e7740d
What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is attributed to Charles Hartshorne?
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[ "developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology" ]
SQuAD
Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.
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53cfd2aadd75449c84b32be2bae44198
Who are some other distinguished process theologians?
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[ "John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").
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e4b5ee238b074337a05e170ef3392295
How do the senses affect causal efficacy?
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{ "text": [ "unmediated by the senses" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 343 ], "end": [ 366 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ] }
[ "unmediated by the senses" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").
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f8fec076605f4c6886b80571e9b8dbc2
What can be said about the accuracy of presentational immediacy?
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{ "text": [ "it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 575 ], "end": [ 629 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 105 ], "end": [ 116 ] } ] }
[ "it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").
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9cbc55574dc3411195df5756c7b3be64
What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate?
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{ "text": [ "causal efficacy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "causal efficacy" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").
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8d6e2bf5bb0e455ba7b367046a5a1bc1
What is the other term for "pure sense perception"?
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{ "text": [ "Presentational immediacy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 369 ], "end": [ 392 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "Presentational immediacy" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").
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0deed28388764be0afe2b1185095b038
What is it called if you mistake a reflection in a mirror for the real thing?
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{ "text": [ "Presentational immediacy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 369 ], "end": [ 392 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "Presentational immediacy" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").
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7ab91988d1f24d0a9ba2c691eb777313
How does Whitehead define causal efficacy?
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{ "text": [ "\"the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go.\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 195 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "\"the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go.\"" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").
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bf1ae8b0ce7e4b1c80e537c850414b3f
How does Whitehead define presentational immediacy?
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[ "\"pure sense perception\", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation" ]
SQuAD
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy in order to create an "ecological civilization." To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts.
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10c68b87a22042fe97290717041fcb0b
Where is interest in Whitehead's work growing the fastest today?
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[ "China" ]
SQuAD
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy in order to create an "ecological civilization." To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts.
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81c43902893342278966dc5d86ff6e32
What challenges are China using Whitehead's ideas to help manage?
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{ "text": [ "modernization and industrialization" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 248 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "modernization and industrialization" ]
SQuAD
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy in order to create an "ecological civilization." To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts.
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936a63d4bafe489fb88650313bded965
What types of traditions are China blending with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy?
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{ "text": [ "traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 276 ], "end": [ 323 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism" ]
SQuAD
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy in order to create an "ecological civilization." To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts.
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What philosphers' writings are becoming required reading for graduate students in China?
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{ "text": [ "John Cobb and David Ray Griffin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 605 ], "end": [ 635 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 105 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ] }
[ "John Cobb and David Ray Griffin" ]
SQuAD
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy in order to create an "ecological civilization." To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts.
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c55d90f0f08f481a9e592da46ac2c48e
Why does John Cobb believe China has become interested in process philosophy?
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{ "text": [ "interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 800 ], "end": [ 954 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 137 ], "end": [ 162 ] } ] }
[ "interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts" ]
SQuAD
The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
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Who authored Whitehead's biography that is considered to be the most reliable description of Whitehead's life?
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{ "text": [ "Victor Lowe" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Victor Lowe" ]
SQuAD
The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
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Why was no Nachlass left behind after Whitehead's death?
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[ "his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death" ]
SQuAD
The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
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What was Whitehead's opinion on privacy?
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{ "text": [ "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 337 ], "end": [ 383 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy" ]
SQuAD
The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
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What did the author of Whitehead's biography comment on the first page regarding the difficulty of obtaining information about Whitehead?
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{ "text": [ "\"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him.\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 565 ], "end": [ 627 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 106 ], "end": [ 118 ] } ] }
[ "\"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him.\"" ]
SQuAD
The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
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How many volumes is the biography of Whitehead?
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{ "text": [ "two" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "two" ]
SQuAD
The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
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Who wrote the biography of Whitehead?
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{ "text": [ "Victor Lowe" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Victor Lowe" ]
SQuAD
The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
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What was Whitehead's wish upon his death for his family?
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{ "text": [ "all of his papers be destroyed after his death." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 246 ], "end": [ 292 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "all of his papers be destroyed after his death." ]
SQuAD
The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
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What did Whitehead believe in so profusely that it was difficult to write a biography on him?
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{ "text": [ "right to privacy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 368 ], "end": [ 383 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "right to privacy" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.
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09282e37340b4d668e4bae455fe7a36a
Why did Whitehead think people continued to subscribe to materialistic thinking?
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{ "text": [ "it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 317 ], "end": [ 415 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ] }
[ "it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.
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56aa6d8027e440fb80da3349f34f3181
What did Whitehead believe regarding factors that limit people's understanding of his concepts?
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{ "text": [ "should not prevent people from realizing that \"material substances\" or \"essences\" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 584 ], "end": [ 720 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 129 ] } ] }
[ "should not prevent people from realizing that \"material substances\" or \"essences\" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.
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52d0c99536bd4d4199d8276c06894257
What did Whitehead believe was one of the biggest reasons materialistic thinking endured?
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{ "text": [ "limitations of language" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "limitations of language" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.
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3f157a5843724eeeb94b17c9bad46e0e
What did Whitehead state about the belief that a person is exactly the same from moment to moment?
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{ "text": [ "it is not philosophically or ontologically sound" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 940 ], "end": [ 987 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 177 ], "end": [ 183 ] } ] }
[ "it is not philosophically or ontologically sound" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.
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84e3e8e9b0aa4a49a49409ffc59263a7
Why couldn't each moment of each person's life be given a different proper name?
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{ "text": [ "limitations of language" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "limitations of language" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.
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c67f33d5c7334a48b6c46e08ef3c1d5a
What did Whitehead believe was a culprit in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking?
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[ "limitations of language" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.
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5b33fd9c0f3148989ed3d62d0599594e
Whitehead's main philosophy on humans changing is what?
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{ "text": [ "each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 462 ], "end": [ 522 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ] }
[ "each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them. God gives creatures permanence, while the creatures give God actuality and change. Here it is worthwhile to quote Whitehead at length:
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d76b8dff538e4e31b00c8b2d0ffb37d9
In what way did Whitehead view God as deficient?
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{ "text": [ "deficient in actuality and change" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 343 ], "end": [ 375 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "deficient in actuality and change" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them. God gives creatures permanence, while the creatures give God actuality and change. Here it is worthwhile to quote Whitehead at length:
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dcb3af49f9cb4fd085c75451aa7ec4d2
What did Whitehead claim God would be without the world?
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{ "text": [ "merely eternally unrealized possibilities" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 392 ], "end": [ 432 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "merely eternally unrealized possibilities" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them. God gives creatures permanence, while the creatures give God actuality and change. Here it is worthwhile to quote Whitehead at length:
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e17b85eb7b344d329c82a3376e998ee0
How does Whitehead view the relationship between God an the world?
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{ "text": [ "Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them. God gives creatures permanence, while the creatures give God actuality and change. Here it is worthwhile to quote Whitehead at length:
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7cf325a6bc044000b495cbbbc6e529cf
How does he define entities' need for God?
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{ "text": [ "He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 178 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide" ]
SQuAD
Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them. God gives creatures permanence, while the creatures give God actuality and change. Here it is worthwhile to quote Whitehead at length:
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7cd9e55fe5084baf90f5c569923a17ca
How dis Whitehead believe God provided permanence to entities?
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{ "text": [ "by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 180 ], "end": [ 289 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time" ]
SQuAD
This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume". The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions". While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.
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5cb89fc4a6ae41269bd4134c9ceeb6e4
How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen until June 2009?
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{ "text": [ "nearly one-third" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "nearly one-third" ]
SQuAD
This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume". The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions". While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.
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ff4d1561d7b944eaaa6562bcba5ed136
What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing?
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{ "text": [ "the collapse of the shadow banking system" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 599 ], "end": [ 639 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 108 ], "end": [ 114 ] } ] }
[ "the collapse of the shadow banking system" ]
SQuAD
This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume". The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions". While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.
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8c1056be8ad6421599b0c1c2058af0cd
What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism?
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{ "text": [ "Brookings Institution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 134 ], "end": [ 154 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "Brookings Institution" ]
SQuAD
This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume". The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions". While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.
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ae2f91c51ce74b32b680d1fc69233ff0
What is likely to vanish forever, as a result of excessively loose credit conditions?
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{ "text": [ "some forms of securitization" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 406 ], "end": [ 433 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "some forms of securitization" ]
SQuAD
This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume". The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions". While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.
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a8a81a609858489e977c517bb7ebf94c
As of June 2009, the Brookings Institution reports that traditional banking system does not have enough of what to close the lending gap?
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{ "text": [ "capital" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 206 ], "end": [ 212 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "capital" ]
SQuAD
At the time structures such as Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class. In a review Alexander Macfarlane wrote: "The main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them, but rather the comparative study of their several structures." In a separate review, G. B. Mathews wrote, "It possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable, considering the variety of its themes."
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3b52653e1be946769fc2e28a03ce6cff
What did Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions demonstrate a need for?
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{ "text": [ "the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 173 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class" ]