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SQuAD
The first landing was followed by another, precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969. NASA had achieved its first landing goal with enough Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launchers left for eight follow-on lunar landings through Apollo 20, conducting extended-endurance missions and transporting the landing crews in Lunar Roving Vehicles on the last five. They also planned an Apollo Applications Program to develop a longer-duration Earth orbital workshop (later named Skylab) to be constructed in orbit from a spent S-IVB upper stage, using several launches of the smaller Saturn IB launch vehicle. But planners soon decided this could be done more efficiently by using the two live stages of a Saturn V to launch the workshop pre-fabricated from an S-IVB (which was also the Saturn V third stage), which immediately removed Apollo 20. Belt-tightening budget cuts soon led NASA to cut Apollo 18 and 19 as well, but keep three extended/Lunar Rover missions. Apollo 13 encountered an in-flight spacecraft failure and had to abort its lunar landing in April 1970, returning its crew safely but temporarily grounding the program again. It resumed with four successful landings on Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972).
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b38e45215042436399a029039242283d
When did the Apollo 14 mission land successfully?
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{ "text": [ "February 1971" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1195 ], "end": [ 1207 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 225 ], "end": [ 226 ] } ] }
[ "February 1971" ]
SQuAD
The first landing was followed by another, precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969. NASA had achieved its first landing goal with enough Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launchers left for eight follow-on lunar landings through Apollo 20, conducting extended-endurance missions and transporting the landing crews in Lunar Roving Vehicles on the last five. They also planned an Apollo Applications Program to develop a longer-duration Earth orbital workshop (later named Skylab) to be constructed in orbit from a spent S-IVB upper stage, using several launches of the smaller Saturn IB launch vehicle. But planners soon decided this could be done more efficiently by using the two live stages of a Saturn V to launch the workshop pre-fabricated from an S-IVB (which was also the Saturn V third stage), which immediately removed Apollo 20. Belt-tightening budget cuts soon led NASA to cut Apollo 18 and 19 as well, but keep three extended/Lunar Rover missions. Apollo 13 encountered an in-flight spacecraft failure and had to abort its lunar landing in April 1970, returning its crew safely but temporarily grounding the program again. It resumed with four successful landings on Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972).
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7a404cd57da848cbb0a0e6b3ceb547c6
Apollo 15 landed on the Moon on what date?
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{ "text": [ "July 1971" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1222 ], "end": [ 1230 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 232 ], "end": [ 233 ] } ] }
[ "July 1971" ]
SQuAD
The first landing was followed by another, precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969. NASA had achieved its first landing goal with enough Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launchers left for eight follow-on lunar landings through Apollo 20, conducting extended-endurance missions and transporting the landing crews in Lunar Roving Vehicles on the last five. They also planned an Apollo Applications Program to develop a longer-duration Earth orbital workshop (later named Skylab) to be constructed in orbit from a spent S-IVB upper stage, using several launches of the smaller Saturn IB launch vehicle. But planners soon decided this could be done more efficiently by using the two live stages of a Saturn V to launch the workshop pre-fabricated from an S-IVB (which was also the Saturn V third stage), which immediately removed Apollo 20. Belt-tightening budget cuts soon led NASA to cut Apollo 18 and 19 as well, but keep three extended/Lunar Rover missions. Apollo 13 encountered an in-flight spacecraft failure and had to abort its lunar landing in April 1970, returning its crew safely but temporarily grounding the program again. It resumed with four successful landings on Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972).
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396fb6bd72f24dd095461ad2c49a5040
On what date was the Apollo 16 successful on landing on the Moon?
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{ "text": [ "April 1972" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1245 ], "end": [ 1254 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 239 ], "end": [ 240 ] } ] }
[ "April 1972" ]
SQuAD
The first landing was followed by another, precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969. NASA had achieved its first landing goal with enough Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launchers left for eight follow-on lunar landings through Apollo 20, conducting extended-endurance missions and transporting the landing crews in Lunar Roving Vehicles on the last five. They also planned an Apollo Applications Program to develop a longer-duration Earth orbital workshop (later named Skylab) to be constructed in orbit from a spent S-IVB upper stage, using several launches of the smaller Saturn IB launch vehicle. But planners soon decided this could be done more efficiently by using the two live stages of a Saturn V to launch the workshop pre-fabricated from an S-IVB (which was also the Saturn V third stage), which immediately removed Apollo 20. Belt-tightening budget cuts soon led NASA to cut Apollo 18 and 19 as well, but keep three extended/Lunar Rover missions. Apollo 13 encountered an in-flight spacecraft failure and had to abort its lunar landing in April 1970, returning its crew safely but temporarily grounding the program again. It resumed with four successful landings on Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972).
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72e39f60a99f4dcaa8e7c7cbd6ecaf07
Apollo 17 landed on the Moon on which date?
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{ "text": [ "December 1972" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1273 ], "end": [ 1285 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 247 ], "end": [ 248 ] } ] }
[ "December 1972" ]
SQuAD
Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
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081056503e4940fb999f8e0bdc9e94d2
Where is an inn typically located?
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{ "text": [ "in the country or along a highway" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 110 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "in the country or along a highway" ]
SQuAD
Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
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3391bdf97b10458384254846165e1da8
In addition to providing for the needs of travelers what was another typical use for an inn?
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{ "text": [ "community gathering places" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 391 ], "end": [ 416 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "community gathering places" ]
SQuAD
Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
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101f7695f5444343889a588aff57a1a1
How old are some of the inns in Europe?
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{ "text": [ "several centuries" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 286 ], "end": [ 302 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "several centuries" ]
SQuAD
Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
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b69920d0038f4dd4bc62e85f9c472a0c
Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns?
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{ "text": [ "food and drink" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "food and drink" ]
SQuAD
Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
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f25a4e5f349543c69f169ef626e4b230
What road is an inn often located near?
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{ "text": [ "highway" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 136 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "highway" ]
SQuAD
Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
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c8be45389ba34b4abbdf5f2921728f77
How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system?
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{ "text": [ "two" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 226 ], "end": [ 228 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "two" ]
SQuAD
Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
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876fc73e1fbd432596a1d1b0f2752b69
About how old are the oldest inns in Europe?
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{ "text": [ "several centuries" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 286 ], "end": [ 302 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "several centuries" ]
SQuAD
Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
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690182cbb12643f2bc105ca355fca316
What role did inns serve other than housing travelers?
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{ "text": [ "community gathering places" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 391 ], "end": [ 416 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "community gathering places" ]
SQuAD
In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.
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9eaf6f11404b4edab2ee03ea8961cdb9
What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not?
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{ "text": [ "accommodation" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "accommodation" ]
SQuAD
In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.
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ea876e39e9b0402c867109adb9b1204e
In what nation's pubs is food often served?
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{ "text": [ "the UK" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 168 ], "end": [ 173 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "the UK" ]
SQuAD
In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.
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789668335d584ab091895126544e350e
Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn?
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{ "text": [ "The George" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 478 ], "end": [ 487 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 93 ], "end": [ 94 ] } ] }
[ "The George" ]
SQuAD
In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.
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9a12c8ed7aaf478db4591572ca82e3bb
In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs?
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{ "text": [ "Scotland" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 856 ], "end": [ 863 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 177 ], "end": [ 177 ] } ] }
[ "Scotland" ]
SQuAD
In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.
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435a49cdfaae4194b53b60b55db5832e
Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns?
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{ "text": [ "horses" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 424 ], "end": [ 429 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ] }
[ "horses" ]
SQuAD
Detailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre.
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6f6349e2b22e452abccebecf1201624f
Where can historical licensing records be examined?
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{ "text": [ "London Metropolitan Archives centre" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 254 ], "end": [ 288 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "London Metropolitan Archives centre" ]
SQuAD
Detailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre.
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205ee73f47ca43bdbedcf0534e70449a
Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records?
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{ "text": [ "owner" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "owner" ]
SQuAD
In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the number of beer houses was continuing to rise and in some towns nearly every other house in a street could be a beer house. Finally in 1869 the growth had to be checked by magisterial control and new licensing laws were introduced. Only then was it made harder to get a licence, and the licensing laws which operate today were formulated.
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374f45b160104937bc41923b4e599771
How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act?
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{ "text": [ "400" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "400" ]
SQuAD
In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the number of beer houses was continuing to rise and in some towns nearly every other house in a street could be a beer house. Finally in 1869 the growth had to be checked by magisterial control and new licensing laws were introduced. Only then was it made harder to get a licence, and the licensing laws which operate today were formulated.
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a92093abd06148328eaea36a509fe89f
How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?
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{ "text": [ "46,000" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "46,000" ]
SQuAD
In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the number of beer houses was continuing to rise and in some towns nearly every other house in a street could be a beer house. Finally in 1869 the growth had to be checked by magisterial control and new licensing laws were introduced. Only then was it made harder to get a licence, and the licensing laws which operate today were formulated.
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3f9d42e2d62c4f4888b1b95ecfd70240
In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses?
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{ "text": [ "1869" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 451 ], "end": [ 454 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ] }
[ "1869" ]
SQuAD
By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes.
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458f669450104b1bb1b35391d13e249e
In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout Britain?
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{ "text": [ "19th" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "19th" ]
SQuAD
By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes.
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62f6dd8fa0434338b20281635a2ae7bd
What book by Dickens described activities in drinking establishments?
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{ "text": [ "Sketches by Boz" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 302 ], "end": [ 316 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }
[ "Sketches by Boz" ]
SQuAD
By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes.
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f938f2268e564f5a925ccb2f717736c1
Over what two-year period was Sketches by Boz written?
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{ "text": [ "1835–1836" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 329 ], "end": [ 337 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "1835–1836" ]
SQuAD
By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes.
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a7751225d0c041e6a3dc754784a00113
What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century?
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{ "text": [ "\"Gin Palaces\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "\"Gin Palaces\"" ]
SQuAD
By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes.
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b0a1c474a1554d31991c7f80e79d3bdd
In what British city did gin houses first appear?
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{ "text": [ "London" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 110 ], "end": [ 115 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "London" ]
SQuAD
Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low alcohol content, as the local water was often unsafe. Even the evangelical church and temperance movements of the day viewed the drinking of beer very much as a secondary evil and a normal accompaniment to a meal. The freely available beer was thus intended to wean the drinkers off the evils of gin, or so the thinking went.
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addf3922a3934722ba5b3f43b8eb51a3
What law allowed the existence of beer houses?
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{ "text": [ "Beer Act of 1830" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "Beer Act of 1830" ]
SQuAD
Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low alcohol content, as the local water was often unsafe. Even the evangelical church and temperance movements of the day viewed the drinking of beer very much as a secondary evil and a normal accompaniment to a meal. The freely available beer was thus intended to wean the drinkers off the evils of gin, or so the thinking went.
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021f9ddf05e84cef9149e2a85dc978ef
In what way did small beer differ from regular beer?
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{ "text": [ "low alcohol content" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 316 ], "end": [ 334 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "low alcohol content" ]
SQuAD
Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low alcohol content, as the local water was often unsafe. Even the evangelical church and temperance movements of the day viewed the drinking of beer very much as a secondary evil and a normal accompaniment to a meal. The freely available beer was thus intended to wean the drinkers off the evils of gin, or so the thinking went.
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5657e52a2db747d792aa876281a71040
What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer?
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{ "text": [ "gin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 616 ], "end": [ 618 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 118 ], "end": [ 118 ] } ] }
[ "gin" ]
SQuAD
Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low alcohol content, as the local water was often unsafe. Even the evangelical church and temperance movements of the day viewed the drinking of beer very much as a secondary evil and a normal accompaniment to a meal. The freely available beer was thus intended to wean the drinkers off the evils of gin, or so the thinking went.
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c5ea8d66c652473dbaf70bc81bc2eab5
What was the intention behind the passage of the Beer Act of 1830?
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{ "text": [ "reducing public drunkenness" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "reducing public drunkenness" ]
SQuAD
Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day. On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.
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e1d569669b8f4bc891018feadfc1586f
Apollo 11 mission was to land where on the Moon?
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{ "text": [ "Sea of Tranquility" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "Sea of Tranquility" ]
SQuAD
Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day. On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.
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d71d4310ec264c249be86d0f754643fe
When did the Apollo 11 mission launch?
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{ "text": [ "July 16, 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 330 ], "end": [ 342 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "July 16, 1969" ]
SQuAD
Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day. On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.
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3f00eee6b8d642e6a6538309443c55da
What state did the Saturn V rocket launch from?
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{ "text": [ "Florida" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 456 ], "end": [ 462 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 98 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ] }
[ "Florida" ]
SQuAD
Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day. On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.
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a68fd0cb51c6460aba323471ed6370ba
When was the crew chosen to participate on the Apollo 11 mission?
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{ "text": [ "January 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 104 ], "end": [ 115 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "January 1969" ]
SQuAD
The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops.
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b2f1d48ed67a4abf8452dae8265aa812
After what political upheaval was gin introduced to England?
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{ "text": [ "the Glorious Revolution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 165 ], "end": [ 187 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "the Glorious Revolution" ]
SQuAD
The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops.
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e7dd4370114642d0a0e3a2004411c55f
What people introduced gin to England?
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{ "text": [ "the Dutch" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 149 ], "end": [ 157 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 29 ] } ] }
[ "the Dutch" ]
SQuAD
The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops.
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6bf939bd1e4e42ad85f6f14ae4ca77c4
In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur?
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{ "text": [ "1688" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 192 ], "end": [ 195 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "1688" ]
SQuAD
The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops.
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a9e0d690a5db40a0a0175b20ab662efa
How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?
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[ "six times" ]
SQuAD
The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops.
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8cbfa6ee7770497d941a8f53ab85bb44
In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops?
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[ "half" ]
SQuAD
Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976.
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c0ad97cd5c1841fca99d612c0b47aa19
When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland?
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{ "text": [ "1976" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 272 ], "end": [ 275 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 48 ] } ] }
[ "1976" ]
SQuAD
Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976.
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d3708a814a754db08d2ff8faa2a7e287
What constituent countries of the United Kingdom's licensing laws were notably flexible?
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[ "Scotland's and Northern Ireland's" ]
SQuAD
CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.
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7adc153b1bda40aa98548b7a6114fbb2
How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey?
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[ "50,000" ]
SQuAD
CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.
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edde657091a74100aaed205014da0159
According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?
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[ "very few" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers.
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0ab10de6eb9148f784c6921c4c8ed647
What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830?
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{ "text": [ "£168" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 131 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "£168" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers.
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f08f37de3216498aa9104eafc21d6c5b
What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home?
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{ "text": [ "beer or cider" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 149 ], "end": [ 161 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "beer or cider" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers.
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12f230ad54a84764810b9f36b67da245
On what day were beer houses closed?
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{ "text": [ "Sundays" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 456 ], "end": [ 462 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ] }
[ "Sundays" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers.
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305774c9dcc64d38a9d719144552ba33
Along with barrels, what was beer typically dispensed from?
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{ "text": [ "jugs" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 496 ], "end": [ 499 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 103 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ] }
[ "jugs" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers.
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0310db74f9b846768e629f0c77d9201c
What was forbidden from being sold in beer houses?
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{ "text": [ "spirits and fortified wines" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 290 ], "end": [ 316 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "spirits and fortified wines" ]
SQuAD
The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police; a landlord might lose his licence for infractions. Pubs were closed under the Act and compensation paid, for example in Pembrokeshire.
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cf3d2f0e74a242eb9351f6680143630c
What law further restricted public houses?
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[ "the Defence of the Realm Act" ]
SQuAD
The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police; a landlord might lose his licence for infractions. Pubs were closed under the Act and compensation paid, for example in Pembrokeshire.
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ae1f962c07f946eebaf4384330273fdc
In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?
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{ "text": [ "August 1914" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "August 1914" ]
SQuAD
The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police; a landlord might lose his licence for infractions. Pubs were closed under the Act and compensation paid, for example in Pembrokeshire.
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796a2f3de9ef4b88b1ff3112e4fcced4
Along with the period 6:30 pm–9:30 pm, what opening hours were acceptable under the Defence of the Realm Act?
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{ "text": [ "12 noon–2:30 pm" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 216 ], "end": [ 230 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "12 noon–2:30 pm" ]
SQuAD
The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police; a landlord might lose his licence for infractions. Pubs were closed under the Act and compensation paid, for example in Pembrokeshire.
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e9a36adcf08c4e21b4a0aac8fa64e740
What is an example of a county where provinces were closed for violating the Defence of the Realm Act?
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{ "text": [ "Pembrokeshire" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 485 ], "end": [ 497 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "Pembrokeshire" ]
SQuAD
The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police; a landlord might lose his licence for infractions. Pubs were closed under the Act and compensation paid, for example in Pembrokeshire.
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8a2ff8f1ce9e4042b393112a17d54f59
What body enforced pubs' closing hours under the Defence of the Realm Act?
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{ "text": [ "the police" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 353 ], "end": [ 362 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ] }
[ "the police" ]
SQuAD
In the 1970s, the United States began developing a new generation of reusable orbital spacecraft known as the Space Shuttle, and launched a range of unmanned probes. The USSR continued to develop space station technology with the Salyut program and Mir ('Peace' or 'World', depending on the context) space station, supported by Soyuz spacecraft. They developed their own large space shuttle under the Buran program. However, the USSR dissolved in 1991 and the remains of its space program were distributed to various Eastern European countries. The United States and Russia would work together in space with the Shuttle–Mir Program, and again with the International Space Station.
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2e663113d365489fa5e6f8beb1c85c74
What year did the USSR disband?
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{ "text": [ "1991" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 447 ], "end": [ 450 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ] }
[ "1991" ]
SQuAD
The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.
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59279e6fcd1045e2940af9915744f551
Who invented the beer pump in England?
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[ "John Lofting" ]
SQuAD
The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.
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679d51dd7c1a455793961de1b39ccbf1
In what city was the beer pump invented?
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[ "London" ]
SQuAD
The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.
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e23d36be1c5948d48f110c6d3b1c38f1
In what country was John Lofting born?
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{ "text": [ "Netherlands" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 101 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "Netherlands" ]
SQuAD
The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.
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3ed9434b387b4656b15adba2a525edd8
What was the death year of John Lofting?
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{ "text": [ "1742" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 140 ], "end": [ 143 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "1742" ]
SQuAD
A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.
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3e00e9b8d9e348db852cf29d810e6e60
What is a "beer engine"?
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{ "text": [ "a device for pumping beer" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "a device for pumping beer" ]
SQuAD
A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.
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625be78dd2a9478cbfc7d245c9b8789c
What is the function of a "beer engine"?
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[ "to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar" ]
SQuAD
However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's Day. In addition, many cities had by-laws to allow some pubs to extend opening hours to midnight or 1 am, whilst nightclubs had long been granted late licences to serve alcohol into the morning. Pubs near London's Smithfield market, Billingsgate fish market and Covent Garden fruit and flower market could stay open 24 hours a day since Victorian times to provide a service to the shift working employees of the markets.
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9330e4431897417db9d97548524c769e
Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday?
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[ "11 pm" ]
SQuAD
However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's Day. In addition, many cities had by-laws to allow some pubs to extend opening hours to midnight or 1 am, whilst nightclubs had long been granted late licences to serve alcohol into the morning. Pubs near London's Smithfield market, Billingsgate fish market and Covent Garden fruit and flower market could stay open 24 hours a day since Victorian times to provide a service to the shift working employees of the markets.
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d18442de744e4da7a8fddea88e9b9214
What was the latest legal closing time on Sundays in English pubs as of 2000?
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[ "10:30 pm" ]
SQuAD
However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's Day. In addition, many cities had by-laws to allow some pubs to extend opening hours to midnight or 1 am, whilst nightclubs had long been granted late licences to serve alcohol into the morning. Pubs near London's Smithfield market, Billingsgate fish market and Covent Garden fruit and flower market could stay open 24 hours a day since Victorian times to provide a service to the shift working employees of the markets.
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f0b71c6f96b44654b7d16faba3d0b170
How many hours per day were pubs located near Billingsgate fish market allowed to remain open?
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[ "24" ]
SQuAD
However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's Day. In addition, many cities had by-laws to allow some pubs to extend opening hours to midnight or 1 am, whilst nightclubs had long been granted late licences to serve alcohol into the morning. Pubs near London's Smithfield market, Billingsgate fish market and Covent Garden fruit and flower market could stay open 24 hours a day since Victorian times to provide a service to the shift working employees of the markets.
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0473a9b85fe24ffb9d544dba849af6c6
In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on Sundays?
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{ "text": [ "12 noon" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 139 ], "end": [ 145 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "12 noon" ]
SQuAD
However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's Day. In addition, many cities had by-laws to allow some pubs to extend opening hours to midnight or 1 am, whilst nightclubs had long been granted late licences to serve alcohol into the morning. Pubs near London's Smithfield market, Billingsgate fish market and Covent Garden fruit and flower market could stay open 24 hours a day since Victorian times to provide a service to the shift working employees of the markets.
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c12d35761d144725a738abe738740d00
In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on any day but Sunday?
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{ "text": [ "11 am" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 132 ], "end": [ 136 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "11 am" ]
SQuAD
The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:
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22c12d0e859241c6a47ba6fb6c1d66b0
In what newspaper did John Lofting mention his beer pump?
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{ "text": [ "London Gazette" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "London Gazette" ]
SQuAD
The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:
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8cad298de3a04647b7d09789d3920d8d
On what day was Lofting's fire engine patent published?
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[ "17 March 1691" ]
SQuAD
Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.
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8c62f92603f4458e8e851d8944763aaa
Who pioneered the circular bar?
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{ "text": [ "Isambard Kingdom Brunel" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "Isambard Kingdom Brunel" ]
SQuAD
Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.
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3081eb8bd0f1409b86e582e472e91375
At what establishment was the circular bar introduced?
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[ "Swindon station pub" ]
SQuAD
Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.
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0f0f075cf4a14b45b8aa86dd4df91c98
What was Isambard Brunel's occuption?
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[ "engineer and railway builder" ]
SQuAD
Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.
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48e9828f83b44a1c930492d82d67c493
What was Isambard Brunel's nationality?
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{ "text": [ "British" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "British" ]
SQuAD
By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]
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0fd0e3dd432a4424a88ee1e04a3d13dd
What socioeconomic class was associated with the lounge bar in the 20th century?
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{ "text": [ "middle-class" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "middle-class" ]
SQuAD
By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]
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f1ff574063274ab68191c05edb43853c
What economic class was most likely to be found in the tap room?
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{ "text": [ "working class" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 236 ], "end": [ 248 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "working class" ]
SQuAD
By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]
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3b69a1c8ad31431cb436794066be8e4b
In pence, what did the cheapest beer cost in the four-ale bar?
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{ "text": [ "4" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 504 ], "end": [ 504 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 102 ] } ] }
[ "4" ]
SQuAD
By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]
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476db6bb6b3145bb97ad53b7b56885a4
What was the tap room sawdust meant to absorb spills and spit called?
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{ "text": [ "spit and sawdust" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 339 ], "end": [ 354 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "spit and sawdust" ]
SQuAD
By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]
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2297ede93b704d57974a9e2de59dd6bf
What is another name for the lounge bar?
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{ "text": [ "saloon" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "saloon" ]
SQuAD
A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.
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c76b1a81d9c84a52adbf1765d6ab7ae3
What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?
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{ "text": [ "\"lock-in\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "\"lock-in\"" ]
SQuAD
A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.
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5e5434b43b164766816d530ff7fe41ea
What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?
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{ "text": [ "Licensing Act 2003" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 737 ], "end": [ 754 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 147 ], "end": [ 149 ] } ] }
[ "Licensing Act 2003" ]
SQuAD
A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.
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c01f2c660f7842d7964054e2e3a96df5
A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"?
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{ "text": [ "1915" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 400 ], "end": [ 403 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 86 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ] }
[ "1915" ]
SQuAD
A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.
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e71d2c4c38874ad9aa3804386e25d16c
What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution?
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{ "text": [ "allowing smoking" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1081 ], "end": [ 1096 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 215 ] } ] }
[ "allowing smoking" ]
SQuAD
Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday."[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot of Soyuz 1, Vladimir Komarov, became the first in-flight spaceflight fatality. The mission was planned to be a three-day test, to include the first Soviet docking with an unpiloted Soyuz 2, but the mission was plagued with problems. Early on, Komarov's craft lacked sufficient electrical power because only one of two solar panels had deployed. Then the automatic attitude control system began malfunctioning and eventually failed completely, resulting in the craft spinning wildly. Komarov was able to stop the spin with the manual system, which was only partially effective. The flight controllers aborted his mission after only one day. During the emergency re-entry, a fault in the landing parachute system caused the primary chute to fail, and the reserve chute became tangled with the drogue chute; Komarov was killed on impact. Fixing the spacecraft faults caused an eighteen-month delay before piloted Soyuz flights could resume.
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2499aa8a00174d6db11061394c26f57e
Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death?
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{ "text": [ "Vladimir Komarov" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 332 ], "end": [ 347 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "Vladimir Komarov" ]
SQuAD
Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday."[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot of Soyuz 1, Vladimir Komarov, became the first in-flight spaceflight fatality. The mission was planned to be a three-day test, to include the first Soviet docking with an unpiloted Soyuz 2, but the mission was plagued with problems. Early on, Komarov's craft lacked sufficient electrical power because only one of two solar panels had deployed. Then the automatic attitude control system began malfunctioning and eventually failed completely, resulting in the craft spinning wildly. Komarov was able to stop the spin with the manual system, which was only partially effective. The flight controllers aborted his mission after only one day. During the emergency re-entry, a fault in the landing parachute system caused the primary chute to fail, and the reserve chute became tangled with the drogue chute; Komarov was killed on impact. Fixing the spacecraft faults caused an eighteen-month delay before piloted Soyuz flights could resume.
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3a18b96c4d31451ea7138b1716631786
When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash?
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{ "text": [ "April 24, 1967" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 287 ], "end": [ 300 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "April 24, 1967" ]
SQuAD
American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft, and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean, after a tense reentry, due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield. As the first American in orbit, Glenn became a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City, reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh. On February 23, 1962, President Kennedy escorted him in a parade at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal.
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fd598586d0d1431e870df9d8931e45fa
The first American to orbit around the planet was whom?
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{ "text": [ "John Glenn" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 174 ], "end": [ 183 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "John Glenn" ]
SQuAD
American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft, and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean, after a tense reentry, due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield. As the first American in orbit, Glenn became a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City, reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh. On February 23, 1962, President Kennedy escorted him in a parade at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal.
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c3e09f95c3ed43e49ecfc177e8754982
When did John Glenn orbit the Earth?
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{ "text": [ "February 20, 1962" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 234 ], "end": [ 250 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "February 20, 1962" ]
SQuAD
American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft, and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean, after a tense reentry, due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield. As the first American in orbit, Glenn became a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City, reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh. On February 23, 1962, President Kennedy escorted him in a parade at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal.
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cf36c946690448f7959debf4434fd20d
Where did John Glenn land on Earth after coming back from orbit?
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{ "text": [ "Atlantic Ocean" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 368 ], "end": [ 381 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "Atlantic Ocean" ]
SQuAD
American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft, and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean, after a tense reentry, due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield. As the first American in orbit, Glenn became a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City, reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh. On February 23, 1962, President Kennedy escorted him in a parade at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal.
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a028391e991f4ba8a5aa7c62e04a629e
John Glenn's spaceship was named what when he orbited the Earth?
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{ "text": [ "Friendship 7" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 311 ], "end": [ 322 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "Friendship 7" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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ab35d9e790104628b1322fe011c72aa3
When did the inhabitants of the British Isles begin drinking ale?
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{ "text": [ "the Bronze Age" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "the Bronze Age" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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69f8c68e404342228eee5d957f3e5d2d
With the Roman road network, what were the first inns called?
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{ "text": [ "tabernae" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 240 ], "end": [ 247 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "tabernae" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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a2fcfcf2d5f74c8a9f47ec677442637a
How did the alewife let people know that her brew was ready?
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{ "text": [ "the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 491 ], "end": [ 549 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 105 ] } ] }
[ "the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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60f023663ff5469dbc814f67d614fd68
What did King Edgar decree in 965?
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{ "text": [ "there should be no more than one alehouse per village" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 937 ], "end": [ 989 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 177 ], "end": [ 186 ] } ] }
[ "there should be no more than one alehouse per village" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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cc28c547723e460c87206c093af8446a
During what historical epoch did Britons begin drinking ale?
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{ "text": [ "the Bronze Age" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "the Bronze Age" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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bc8402011195448bb592feaf51dd27cc
In what century did the Romans arrive in Britain?
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{ "text": [ "the 1st Century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 147 ], "end": [ 161 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "the 1st Century" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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3f2838fe016a4e7f9911def484bea9dc
What was the Latin term for the Roman inns?
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{ "text": [ "tabernae" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 240 ], "end": [ 247 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "tabernae" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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ef50b6906ef542a090c95367c8186586
In what century did the Romans leave Britain?
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{ "text": [ "5th Century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 358 ], "end": [ 368 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "5th Century" ]
SQuAD
The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.
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dad73b966d3747cdb011e80ca6ae732a
What color bush did an Anglo-Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing?
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{ "text": [ "green" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 527 ], "end": [ 531 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }
[ "green" ]
SQuAD
By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat).
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7cc847f4ea3543d8b3eff29acc690d27
What street in Islington was named for a pub run by Mr Ball?
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{ "text": [ "Balls Pond Road" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 209 ], "end": [ 223 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "Balls Pond Road" ]
SQuAD
By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat).
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0c197f81a75b4b76928076ec7918b576
On what street was the Grecian Saloon located?
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{ "text": [ "City Road" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 836 ], "end": [ 844 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 164 ], "end": [ 165 ] } ] }
[ "City Road" ]
SQuAD
By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat).
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c07cc851d4cf44889fbb24c18fa54f33
What pub was the home of the Grecian Saloon?
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{ "text": [ "The Eagle" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 825 ], "end": [ 833 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 161 ], "end": [ 162 ] } ] }
[ "The Eagle" ]
SQuAD
By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat).
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d3dcaa7957d74b47bc5088f7d7180004
What is rhyming slang for 'coat'?
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{ "text": [ "weasel" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 994 ], "end": [ 999 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 202 ], "end": [ 202 ] } ] }
[ "weasel" ]