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SQuAD
The Soviet Union also fixed the parachute and control problems with Soyuz, and the next piloted mission Soyuz 3 was launched on October 26, 1968. The goal was to complete Komarov's rendezvous and docking mission with the un-piloted Soyuz 2. Ground controllers brought the two craft to within 200 meters (660 ft) of each other, then cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy took control. He got within 40 meters (130 ft) of his target, but was unable to dock before expending 90 percent of his maneuvering fuel, due to a piloting error that put his spacecraft into the wrong orientation and forced Soyuz 2 to automatically turn away from his approaching craft. The first docking of Soviet spacecraft was finally realised in January 1969 by the Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 missions. It was the first-ever docking of two manned spacecraft, and the first transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another.
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e345cc92a22f408588a0fbba6c6754f8
When was the first successful docking of a two man space crew?
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{ "text": [ "January 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 709 ], "end": [ 720 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 135 ], "end": [ 136 ] } ] }
[ "January 1969" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet Union also fixed the parachute and control problems with Soyuz, and the next piloted mission Soyuz 3 was launched on October 26, 1968. The goal was to complete Komarov's rendezvous and docking mission with the un-piloted Soyuz 2. Ground controllers brought the two craft to within 200 meters (660 ft) of each other, then cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy took control. He got within 40 meters (130 ft) of his target, but was unable to dock before expending 90 percent of his maneuvering fuel, due to a piloting error that put his spacecraft into the wrong orientation and forced Soyuz 2 to automatically turn away from his approaching craft. The first docking of Soviet spacecraft was finally realised in January 1969 by the Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 missions. It was the first-ever docking of two manned spacecraft, and the first transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another.
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489d09c8baa840e08794b495636e8793
Which two space missions were the first to successfully dock each other?
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{ "text": [ "Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 729 ], "end": [ 747 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 139 ], "end": [ 143 ] } ] }
[ "Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet Zond spacecraft was not yet ready for piloted circumlunar missions in 1968, after five unsuccessful and partially successful automated test launches: Cosmos 146 on March 10, 1967; Cosmos 154 on April 8, 1967; Zond 1967A September 27, 1967; Zond 1967B on November 22, 1967. Zond 4 was launched on March 2, 1968, and successfully made a circumlunar flight. After its successful flight around the Moon, Zond 4 encountered problems with its Earth reentry on March 9, and was ordered destroyed by an explosive charge 15,000 meters (49,000 ft) over the Gulf of Guinea. The Soviet official announcement said that Zond 4 was an automated test flight which ended with its intentional destruction, due to its recovery trajectory positioning it over the Atlantic Ocean instead of over the USSR.
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fcbbdc5878204d4faf767f419816d048
Where was the Zond 4 over when it was destroyed by an explosion?
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[ "Gulf of Guinea" ]
SQuAD
Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act.
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b15fa2505398457e9b1f308f172fdf44
What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license?
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[ "pubs" ]
SQuAD
Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act.
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a024956d314740d7acb1f031bf0bd62c
By the end of what century were most beer houses closed?
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{ "text": [ "19th" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 181 ], "end": [ 184 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "19th" ]
SQuAD
Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act.
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0455f6ab839749b2ada23c95dbcacdbf
Where are purpose-built pubs typically located?
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{ "text": [ "corners or road junctions" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 551 ], "end": [ 575 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ] }
[ "corners or road junctions" ]
SQuAD
Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act.
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a680e1d045be41219af39d51fb970b92
What modern brewers often first began as beer houses?
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{ "text": [ "real ale micro-brewers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 604 ], "end": [ 625 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 110 ], "end": [ 114 ] } ] }
[ "real ale micro-brewers" ]
SQuAD
The US and USSR began discussions on the peaceful uses of space as early as 1958, presenting issues for debate to the United Nations, which created a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959.
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The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established in what year?
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{ "text": [ "1959" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 199 ], "end": [ 202 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "1959" ]
SQuAD
The US and USSR began discussions on the peaceful uses of space as early as 1958, presenting issues for debate to the United Nations, which created a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959.
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0d3e867b94a44e67b0f60777dc8ad6a4
The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was created by what organization in 1959?
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[ "United Nations" ]
SQuAD
American concerns that they had fallen behind the Soviet Union in the race to space led quickly to a push by legislators and educators for greater emphasis on mathematics and the physical sciences in American schools. The United States' National Defense Education Act of 1958 increased funding for these goals from childhood education through the post-graduate level.
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The United States' National Defense Education Act was established in what year?
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[ "1958" ]
SQuAD
The joint mission began when Soyuz 19 was first launched on July 15, 1975 at 12:20 UTC, and the Apollo craft was launched with the docking module six and a half hours later. The two craft rendezvoused and docked on July 17 at 16:19 UTC. The three astronauts conducted joint experiments with the two cosmonauts, and the crew shook hands, exchanged gifts, and visited each other's craft.
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Soyuz 19 took off from Earth on what date?
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[ "July 15, 1975" ]
SQuAD
The two nations planned a joint mission to dock the last US Apollo craft with a Soyuz, known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). To prepare, the US designed a docking module for the Apollo that was compatible with the Soviet docking system, which allowed any of their craft to dock with any other (e.g. Soyuz/Soyuz as well as Soyuz/Salyut). The module was also necessary as an airlock to allow the men to visit each other's craft, which had incompatible cabin atmospheres. The USSR used the Soyuz 16 mission in December 1974 to prepare for ASTP.
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ASTP stands for what?
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[ "Apollo-Soyuz Test Project" ]
SQuAD
The two nations planned a joint mission to dock the last US Apollo craft with a Soyuz, known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). To prepare, the US designed a docking module for the Apollo that was compatible with the Soviet docking system, which allowed any of their craft to dock with any other (e.g. Soyuz/Soyuz as well as Soyuz/Salyut). The module was also necessary as an airlock to allow the men to visit each other's craft, which had incompatible cabin atmospheres. The USSR used the Soyuz 16 mission in December 1974 to prepare for ASTP.
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Which Soyuz mission in December 1974 was to be used for the ASTP?
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{ "text": [ "16" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 502 ], "end": [ 503 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 105 ], "end": [ 105 ] } ] }
[ "16" ]
SQuAD
On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history, with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit, that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis. Two and a half hours after the broadcast, they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth. Apollo 8 safely landed in the Pacific ocean on December 27, in NASA's first dawn splashdown and recovery.
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c6236674010749d49087c34ccacdb204
Which three people were the first to ride the Saturn V rocket into space?
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{ "text": [ "Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders" ]
SQuAD
On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history, with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit, that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis. Two and a half hours after the broadcast, they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth. Apollo 8 safely landed in the Pacific ocean on December 27, in NASA's first dawn splashdown and recovery.
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67cb38f3a8ea4ccd96fe821c98b90054
What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission?
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{ "text": [ "December 21, 1968" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "December 21, 1968" ]
SQuAD
On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history, with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit, that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis. Two and a half hours after the broadcast, they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth. Apollo 8 safely landed in the Pacific ocean on December 27, in NASA's first dawn splashdown and recovery.
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1b0470446b7c4aa9823cd260d63334ec
During what holiday, was the Apollo 8 mission broadcast from orbit?
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{ "text": [ "Christmas Eve" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 386 ], "end": [ 398 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ] }
[ "Christmas Eve" ]
SQuAD
On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history, with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit, that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis. Two and a half hours after the broadcast, they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth. Apollo 8 safely landed in the Pacific ocean on December 27, in NASA's first dawn splashdown and recovery.
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9657fe075a584cb5816f32e61a9729e9
Which ocean did the Apolo 8 mission land in?
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[ "Pacific" ]
SQuAD
A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed]
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881b2aad4cab42068b1ab381df42b3ea
Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs?
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{ "text": [ "stand-up comedy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "stand-up comedy" ]
SQuAD
A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed]
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4d26cf3b68054838b957acf013b8af7c
Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs?
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{ "text": [ "juke boxes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 130 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "juke boxes" ]
SQuAD
The United States launched the orbital workstation Skylab 1 on May 14, 1973. It weighed 169,950 pounds (77,090 kg), was 58 feet (18 m) long by 21.7 feet (6.6 m) in diameter, with a habitable volume of 10,000 cubic feet (280 m3). Skylab was damaged during the ascent to orbit, losing one of its solar panels and a meteoroid thermal shield. Subsequent manned missions repaired the station, and the final mission's crew, Skylab 4, set the Space Race endurance record with 84 days in orbit when the mission ended on February 8, 1974. Skylab stayed in orbit another five years before reentering the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean and Western Australia on July 11, 1979.
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dfee3f8ee9044ac9a6dd2a983afd6849
The Skylab 1 was launched on which date?
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{ "text": [ "May 14, 1973" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "May 14, 1973" ]
SQuAD
The United States launched the orbital workstation Skylab 1 on May 14, 1973. It weighed 169,950 pounds (77,090 kg), was 58 feet (18 m) long by 21.7 feet (6.6 m) in diameter, with a habitable volume of 10,000 cubic feet (280 m3). Skylab was damaged during the ascent to orbit, losing one of its solar panels and a meteoroid thermal shield. Subsequent manned missions repaired the station, and the final mission's crew, Skylab 4, set the Space Race endurance record with 84 days in orbit when the mission ended on February 8, 1974. Skylab stayed in orbit another five years before reentering the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean and Western Australia on July 11, 1979.
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b831a1ac2f31430faffb815425db32e2
How much did the Skylab 1 weigh?
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[ "169,950 pounds" ]
SQuAD
The United States launched the orbital workstation Skylab 1 on May 14, 1973. It weighed 169,950 pounds (77,090 kg), was 58 feet (18 m) long by 21.7 feet (6.6 m) in diameter, with a habitable volume of 10,000 cubic feet (280 m3). Skylab was damaged during the ascent to orbit, losing one of its solar panels and a meteoroid thermal shield. Subsequent manned missions repaired the station, and the final mission's crew, Skylab 4, set the Space Race endurance record with 84 days in orbit when the mission ended on February 8, 1974. Skylab stayed in orbit another five years before reentering the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean and Western Australia on July 11, 1979.
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8336650bf3c44828b503d654b8bc2ce1
When did the Skylab 1 finally come back to Earth?
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[ "July 11, 1979" ]
SQuAD
During the summer of 1968, the Apollo program hit another snag: the first pilot-rated Lunar Module (LM) was not ready for orbital tests in time for a December 1968 launch. NASA planners overcame this challenge by changing the mission flight order, delaying the first LM flight until March 1969, and sending Apollo 8 into lunar orbit without the LM in December. This mission was in part motivated by intelligence rumors the Soviet Union might be ready for a piloted Zond flight during late 1968. In September 1968, Zond 5 made a circumlunar flight with tortoises on board and returned to Earth, accomplishing the first successful water landing of the Soviet space program in the Indian Ocean. It also scared NASA planners, as it took them several days to figure out that it was only an automated flight, not piloted, because voice recordings were transmitted from the craft en route to the Moon. On November 10, 1968 another automated test flight, Zond 6 was launched, but this time encountered difficulties in its Earth reentry, and depressurized and deployed its parachute too early, causing it to crash-land only 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from where it had been launched six days earlier. It turned out there was no chance of a piloted Soviet circumlunar flight during 1968, due to the unreliability of the Zonds.
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0668d069cf7b45039d22b2483ce3a401
The first successful water landing in the Indian Ocean by the Soviets was was when?
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{ "text": [ "1968" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "1968" ]
SQuAD
During the summer of 1968, the Apollo program hit another snag: the first pilot-rated Lunar Module (LM) was not ready for orbital tests in time for a December 1968 launch. NASA planners overcame this challenge by changing the mission flight order, delaying the first LM flight until March 1969, and sending Apollo 8 into lunar orbit without the LM in December. This mission was in part motivated by intelligence rumors the Soviet Union might be ready for a piloted Zond flight during late 1968. In September 1968, Zond 5 made a circumlunar flight with tortoises on board and returned to Earth, accomplishing the first successful water landing of the Soviet space program in the Indian Ocean. It also scared NASA planners, as it took them several days to figure out that it was only an automated flight, not piloted, because voice recordings were transmitted from the craft en route to the Moon. On November 10, 1968 another automated test flight, Zond 6 was launched, but this time encountered difficulties in its Earth reentry, and depressurized and deployed its parachute too early, causing it to crash-land only 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from where it had been launched six days earlier. It turned out there was no chance of a piloted Soviet circumlunar flight during 1968, due to the unreliability of the Zonds.
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5af29a04577a4f489e591d4b406cc79f
What animal was carried aboard the Zond 5?
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{ "text": [ "tortoises" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 552 ], "end": [ 560 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 106 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ] }
[ "tortoises" ]
SQuAD
During the summer of 1968, the Apollo program hit another snag: the first pilot-rated Lunar Module (LM) was not ready for orbital tests in time for a December 1968 launch. NASA planners overcame this challenge by changing the mission flight order, delaying the first LM flight until March 1969, and sending Apollo 8 into lunar orbit without the LM in December. This mission was in part motivated by intelligence rumors the Soviet Union might be ready for a piloted Zond flight during late 1968. In September 1968, Zond 5 made a circumlunar flight with tortoises on board and returned to Earth, accomplishing the first successful water landing of the Soviet space program in the Indian Ocean. It also scared NASA planners, as it took them several days to figure out that it was only an automated flight, not piloted, because voice recordings were transmitted from the craft en route to the Moon. On November 10, 1968 another automated test flight, Zond 6 was launched, but this time encountered difficulties in its Earth reentry, and depressurized and deployed its parachute too early, causing it to crash-land only 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from where it had been launched six days earlier. It turned out there was no chance of a piloted Soviet circumlunar flight during 1968, due to the unreliability of the Zonds.
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859595ec587c48b481c9e68a0b1314e1
The first Lunar Module was delayed to what date?
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{ "text": [ "March 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 283 ], "end": [ 292 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "March 1969" ]
SQuAD
Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.
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0d567d2bf20e4fb1982c3dff382c314e
Why were the windows of town pubs made of smoked or frosted glass traditionally?
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{ "text": [ "to obscure the clientele from the street" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 251 ], "end": [ 290 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "to obscure the clientele from the street" ]
SQuAD
Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.
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71cac945235d4a0ea4bdeae7cea6dacc
What fares do most pubs offer?
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[ "beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks" ]
SQuAD
Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.
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4673f4b923e04edeb6d196532acdd286
What are traditional pub windows made out of?
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[ "smoked or frosted glass" ]
SQuAD
Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.
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8068bcf652f24d86ad06666ca339bdde
What are the windows of 1990s and later pubs often made of?
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[ "clear glass" ]
SQuAD
Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.
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a9fd4663b9254da6ae699f46aaa25f6f
Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer?
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[ "snacks" ]
SQuAD
The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales.
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b984c5bf80d7428aaf5fef177020244a
Along with the Inns of Chancery, in what inns did British lawyers historically conduct business?
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{ "text": [ "Inns of Court" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "Inns of Court" ]
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The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales.
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e3010a2a069543babdc0508e0ac6ad4d
In what city are the Inns of Chancery located?
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[ "London" ]
SQuAD
The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales.
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Outside England, what other country does the legal system founded around the Inns of Court operate in?
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[ "Wales" ]
SQuAD
A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.
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In the early Middle Ages, where could a traveler obtain overnight accommodations?
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[ "in monasteries" ]
SQuAD
A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.
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7b72b5a179d141c0b93d2e23a34a3527
When were the Hostellers of London were granted guild status?
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[ "1446" ]
SQuAD
A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.
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bd65ab137ecf4c8d9a2292f10ad3ac5b
What name was taken by the Hostellers in 1514?
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[ "Worshipful Company of Innholders" ]
SQuAD
A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.
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4dcc829c98df4871b3db28ac90a2dfb4
When did the Hostellers of London become a guild?
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[ "1446" ]
SQuAD
A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.
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74e0718c56e046879be1abf5d6645510
In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?
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[ "1514" ]
SQuAD
A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.
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168a60737efb429d96e82c91999d2a5d
Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?
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{ "text": [ "monasteries" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "monasteries" ]
SQuAD
A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.
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cb5c2de3c6e441a4bda412b000df9bbb
What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?
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{ "text": [ "pilgrimages" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 152 ], "end": [ 162 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "pilgrimages" ]
SQuAD
The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.
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7506ff65d23e4600966a7739fe7b0ce4
How far back does the history of pubs go back?
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{ "text": [ "to Roman taverns" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "to Roman taverns" ]
SQuAD
The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.
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debc13fc949441fb9888096890516dcd
What was the Anglo-Saxon pup called?
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{ "text": [ "alehouse" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "alehouse" ]
SQuAD
The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.
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19a0876b76654adc967333bca10664a4
What is a pub tied to in the 19th century?
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{ "text": [ "the modern tied house system" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 112 ], "end": [ 139 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "the modern tied house system" ]
SQuAD
The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.
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3ad05c0f277e442fbbefddb8093ee132
What Roman businesses were analogous to modern day pubs?
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{ "text": [ "taverns" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "taverns" ]
SQuAD
The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.
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6554813e4a3f4f4783358af9600ab1af
What similar establishments existed in the Anglo-Saxon world?
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{ "text": [ "alehouse" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "alehouse" ]
SQuAD
The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.
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7a9cb53bfbbc484b9683a84b5ab99da7
In what century did the tied house system develop?
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{ "text": [ "19th century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 148 ], "end": [ 159 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "19th century" ]
SQuAD
On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month before the planned February 21 launch. An investigative board determined the fire was probably caused by an electrical spark, and quickly grew out of control, fed by the spacecraft's pure oxygen atmosphere. Crew escape was made impossible by inability to open the plug door hatch cover against the greater-than-atmospheric internal pressure. The board also found design and construction flaws in the spacecraft, and procedural failings, including failure to appreciate the hazard of the pure-oxygen atmosphere, as well as inadequate safety procedures. All these flaws had to be corrected over the next twenty-two months until the first piloted flight could be made. Mercury and Gemini veteran Grissom had been a favored choice of Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, to make the first piloted landing.
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c5694c1177484406b7d2f086dbf4ea5b
The Outer Space Treaty was signed by the US and the USSR on what date?
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{ "text": [ "January 27, 1967" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "January 27, 1967" ]
SQuAD
On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month before the planned February 21 launch. An investigative board determined the fire was probably caused by an electrical spark, and quickly grew out of control, fed by the spacecraft's pure oxygen atmosphere. Crew escape was made impossible by inability to open the plug door hatch cover against the greater-than-atmospheric internal pressure. The board also found design and construction flaws in the spacecraft, and procedural failings, including failure to appreciate the hazard of the pure-oxygen atmosphere, as well as inadequate safety procedures. All these flaws had to be corrected over the next twenty-two months until the first piloted flight could be made. Mercury and Gemini veteran Grissom had been a favored choice of Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, to make the first piloted landing.
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b12964779a8c42b5bb0a9495ae959b72
What was the cause of the fire that killed everyone on the first Apollo mission before launch?
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[ "electrical spark" ]
SQuAD
On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month before the planned February 21 launch. An investigative board determined the fire was probably caused by an electrical spark, and quickly grew out of control, fed by the spacecraft's pure oxygen atmosphere. Crew escape was made impossible by inability to open the plug door hatch cover against the greater-than-atmospheric internal pressure. The board also found design and construction flaws in the spacecraft, and procedural failings, including failure to appreciate the hazard of the pure-oxygen atmosphere, as well as inadequate safety procedures. All these flaws had to be corrected over the next twenty-two months until the first piloted flight could be made. Mercury and Gemini veteran Grissom had been a favored choice of Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, to make the first piloted landing.
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8d0a893c99654e6dbc54929f9d820b4c
Who were the three people who died on the first Apollo mission before launch?
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{ "text": [ "Command Pilot Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 126 ], "end": [ 214 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ] }
[ "Command Pilot Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee" ]
SQuAD
Salyut 1's orbit was increased to prevent premature reentry, but further piloted flights were delayed while the Soyuz was redesigned to fix the new safety problem. The station re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on October 11, after 175 days in orbit. The USSR attempted to launch a second Salyut-class station designated Durable Orbital Station-2 (DOS-2) on July 29, 1972, but a rocket failure caused it to fail to achieve orbit. After the DOS-2 failure, the USSR attempted to launch four more Salyut-class stations through 1975, with another failure due to an explosion of the final rocket stage, which punctured the station with shrapnel so that it wouldn't hold pressure. While all of the Salyuts were presented to the public as non-military scientific laboratories, some of them were actually covers for the military Almaz reconnaissance stations.
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5b581c07e6564624973d1aaa62e52b24
The station, Salyut 1, came back to Earth on which date?
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{ "text": [ "October 11" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 213 ], "end": [ 222 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "October 11" ]
SQuAD
Salyut 1's orbit was increased to prevent premature reentry, but further piloted flights were delayed while the Soyuz was redesigned to fix the new safety problem. The station re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on October 11, after 175 days in orbit. The USSR attempted to launch a second Salyut-class station designated Durable Orbital Station-2 (DOS-2) on July 29, 1972, but a rocket failure caused it to fail to achieve orbit. After the DOS-2 failure, the USSR attempted to launch four more Salyut-class stations through 1975, with another failure due to an explosion of the final rocket stage, which punctured the station with shrapnel so that it wouldn't hold pressure. While all of the Salyuts were presented to the public as non-military scientific laboratories, some of them were actually covers for the military Almaz reconnaissance stations.
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5fc8a4a96ac1486f98a6e4170fcba3a7
How long did the station, Salyut 1, stay in orbit?
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{ "text": [ "175 days" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 231 ], "end": [ 238 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "175 days" ]
SQuAD
Salyut 1's orbit was increased to prevent premature reentry, but further piloted flights were delayed while the Soyuz was redesigned to fix the new safety problem. The station re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on October 11, after 175 days in orbit. The USSR attempted to launch a second Salyut-class station designated Durable Orbital Station-2 (DOS-2) on July 29, 1972, but a rocket failure caused it to fail to achieve orbit. After the DOS-2 failure, the USSR attempted to launch four more Salyut-class stations through 1975, with another failure due to an explosion of the final rocket stage, which punctured the station with shrapnel so that it wouldn't hold pressure. While all of the Salyuts were presented to the public as non-military scientific laboratories, some of them were actually covers for the military Almaz reconnaissance stations.
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c707218e558641009823140b1684c2ce
Why did The Durable Orbital Station-2 not reach orbit?
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[ "rocket failure" ]
SQuAD
A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.
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01ba60d70c56409ba0be63019ce3a96a
What is a pub licensed to sell?
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{ "text": [ "it is licensed to sell alcohol" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 105 ], "end": [ 134 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 29 ] } ] }
[ "it is licensed to sell alcohol" ]
SQuAD
A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.
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43e72da72d414fb1a4b83a93c2baa383
In many villages what establishment could be called the focal point of the community?
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{ "text": [ "the pub" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 393 ], "end": [ 399 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ] }
[ "the pub" ]
SQuAD
A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.
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68d56780293d451cabf2137fceadf3f2
What is the term 'pub' short for?
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[ "public house" ]
SQuAD
A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.
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34392647b4e64dd18c218ad3d74dcbea
Where in the United States are pubs located?
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{ "text": [ "New England" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 255 ], "end": [ 265 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "New England" ]
SQuAD
A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.
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db3cc8d06f0f457691fb162aaa5adc0e
What continental European country has pubs?
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{ "text": [ "Denmark" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 243 ], "end": [ 249 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "Denmark" ]
SQuAD
A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.
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0586e153b74f4fdba93ef654044f38db
Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?
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{ "text": [ "Canada" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 235 ], "end": [ 240 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "Canada" ]
SQuAD
A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.
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472a2ea76f174d6e8b058cc2f2d8f306
Who said that pubs are the heart of England?
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[ "Samuel Pepys" ]
SQuAD
The beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times.
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85805ea8bb61445fbebc0fbd7750d440
Along with The Royal Oak and The Crown, what is a traditional name for a pub?
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{ "text": [ "The Red Lion" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 85 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "The Red Lion" ]
SQuAD
The beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times.
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b418fce13bbc4b96be5d8470a60ecf0f
What is an example of a name for a beer house?
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[ "Smith's Beer House" ]
SQuAD
Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.
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983772bef64e4a6f9989b8cd241d40cc
What was the off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption often referred to as?
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[ "jug and bottle" ]
SQuAD
Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.
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e5e35f7f3f2e4e22b04283c02eeb83cc
In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking?
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[ "1970s" ]
SQuAD
Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.
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fc0d7e9f1d8f40159fd72d3c4fc39554
What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?
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[ "off-sales counter" ]
SQuAD
Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.
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113954b83af64770a58192fdd5bf36a9
What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter?
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[ "the jug and bottle" ]
SQuAD
Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.
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af4fb99388bb48e4821c0cdc9fce32ab
Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s?
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[ "supermarkets" ]
SQuAD
The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use these rooms. The snug was for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies would often enjoy a private drink in the snug in a time when it was frowned upon for women to be in a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.
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40f9ee0a02eb41b9b854bb6fb1276888
What is another name for the smoke room?
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[ "snug" ]
SQuAD
The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use these rooms. The snug was for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies would often enjoy a private drink in the snug in a time when it was frowned upon for women to be in a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.
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e47bd2974b5547f6a3ea441950b4f3a2
What was the relationship between the price of beer in the smoke room versus the rest of the bar?
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{ "text": [ "higher" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 176 ], "end": [ 181 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "higher" ]
SQuAD
The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use these rooms. The snug was for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies would often enjoy a private drink in the snug in a time when it was frowned upon for women to be in a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.
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df35a36496a34dceadcd96d83e03595b
Along with the local police, what profession is given as an example of someone who might use the snug?
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[ "the parish priest" ]
SQuAD
The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use these rooms. The snug was for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies would often enjoy a private drink in the snug in a time when it was frowned upon for women to be in a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.
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316a7c1af97b4b72a0daaf789164ee98
What were the windows in the snug made out of?
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{ "text": [ "frosted glass" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 120 ], "end": [ 132 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "frosted glass" ]
SQuAD
The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.
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6126f0a19c2441419327d93275e21b04
How long did the trip to the Moon last for the crew of the Apollo 11?
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{ "text": [ "three days" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "three days" ]
SQuAD
The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.
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f5c93adf33144b34936d3c060e4d6d25
The Lunar Module of the Apollo 11 was named after what animal?
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{ "text": [ "Eagle" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 133 ], "end": [ 137 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Eagle" ]
SQuAD
The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.
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46842e634e4f48a0bd27a9d87aba0fb9
Who was the first human to take a step on the Moon?
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[ "Armstrong" ]
SQuAD
The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.
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0f077542b1db4d1faaf4dcbfd5297f8f
At what time on Earth did Armstrong first step onto the Moon?
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[ "9:56 pm CDT July 20" ]
SQuAD
Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.
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5f2a918e0e3d498e8b697381b2163803
What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale?
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{ "text": [ "fermented malt" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 45 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "fermented malt" ]
SQuAD
Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.
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827f7c0d183a4c339cf5f60784d4228f
What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production?
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{ "text": [ "the Netherlands" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 125 ], "end": [ 139 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "the Netherlands" ]
SQuAD
Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.
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3205808a572c4ff5bad77cad25f9be73
In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?
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{ "text": [ "15th" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 154 ], "end": [ 157 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "15th" ]
SQuAD
Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.
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c42ce0678d5f48f6a4f4bc0f69e49a81
In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England?
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{ "text": [ "17th" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 275 ], "end": [ 278 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "17th" ]
SQuAD
Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.
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80e371232fca41b284cd59de2530554f
What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?
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{ "text": [ "commercial breweries" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 345 ], "end": [ 364 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "commercial breweries" ]
SQuAD
There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits.
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901acf55a1314d1a8a2c24d664843ee2
In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?
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{ "text": [ "ale" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 226 ], "end": [ 228 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "ale" ]
SQuAD
There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits.
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82f28cada4c7423b95e5485cdeaa3759
In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in England?
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[ "17th" ]
SQuAD
There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits.
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cb20c9d7911743f299ec5b8585d87a08
What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses?
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[ "the crown" ]
SQuAD
The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act 1751 however was more successful. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates.
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0af3ea18da6c4a95bb786c916dc5fd7f
What artist created the engraving Beer Street and Gin Lane?
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{ "text": [ "William Hogarth" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 174 ], "end": [ 188 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "William Hogarth" ]
SQuAD
The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act 1751 however was more successful. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates.
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2019d2414fd44064a8ad46f347fdc2e3
What law imposed a high tax on gin shops and resulted in riots?
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{ "text": [ "The Gin Act 1736" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 234 ], "end": [ 249 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "The Gin Act 1736" ]
SQuAD
The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act 1751 however was more successful. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates.
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62b09c555ff9463ebd809cc7b16a3ffc
When were the Gin Act 1736 duties eliminated?
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{ "text": [ "1742" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 384 ], "end": [ 387 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ] }
[ "1742" ]
SQuAD
The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act 1751 however was more successful. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates.
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ba776678bc41474ab016edf53e24af1a
What law placed gin shops under the control of local magistrates?
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{ "text": [ "The Gin Act 1751" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 390 ], "end": [ 405 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "The Gin Act 1751" ]
SQuAD
The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.
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ce8bddbee774482cb0b6f2c8cf098874
What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges?
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{ "text": [ "lodging" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 136 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "lodging" ]
SQuAD
The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.
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c8ebb38d3618476f98bda3e512086378
What is the main provision that pubs offer?
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{ "text": [ "alcohol" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 241 ], "end": [ 247 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 45 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ] }
[ "alcohol" ]
SQuAD
The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.
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d50bead26b594ee4958d686565b7551c
What are customers seeking when they visit restaurants or taverns?
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{ "text": [ "food and drink" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 314 ], "end": [ 327 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 59 ] } ] }
[ "food and drink" ]
SQuAD
The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.
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90bf48bc724943b5a74e3268f34ef12a
What is a noted hotel brand throughout North America?
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{ "text": [ "Holiday Inn" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 420 ], "end": [ 430 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 82 ] } ] }
[ "Holiday Inn" ]
SQuAD
The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.
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c6ab0149724d41b3adb89c6bd728944f
In the United States, what are operators of lodgings sometimes called?
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{ "text": [ "innkeepers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 491 ], "end": [ 500 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ] }
[ "innkeepers" ]
SQuAD
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
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6a87b068a3894f7aaedfdf164e82590c
What is the owner, tenant or manager of a pub known as?
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{ "text": [ "pub landlord" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "pub landlord" ]
SQuAD
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
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4758ac58a27042728b8086de8738064e
What term came into use in Victorian times to designate the pub landlord?
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{ "text": [ "publican" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 99 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "publican" ]
SQuAD
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
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b15eff4a7db6402790ece6f2bb02a676
Name one way regulars choose their Pubs?
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{ "text": [ "for their proximity to home or work" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 298 ], "end": [ 332 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "for their proximity to home or work" ]
SQuAD
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
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07fae677ec544e30baad102946dbc13a
What is a proper term for the licensee of the pub?
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{ "text": [ "pub landlord" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "pub landlord" ]
SQuAD
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
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484c7e9e2e93463d9d70281283d1f375
What was the pub landlord often called in Victorian times?
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{ "text": [ "publican" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 99 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "publican" ]
SQuAD
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
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0905cb2951e74c64b1e72f560bebc28d
What are pubs called by those who regularly visit there?
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{ "text": [ "locals" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 251 ], "end": [ 256 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "locals" ]
SQuAD
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
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473c7940018441ed8687678bbaf18169
Teams for what sport can be found congregating at pubs?
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{ "text": [ "darts" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 419 ], "end": [ 423 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ] }
[ "darts" ]
SQuAD
The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
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fefa434a34c04674b01ca572af814805
What gaming tables can often be found in pubs?
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{ "text": [ "pool or snooker" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 440 ], "end": [ 454 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ] }
[ "pool or snooker" ]
SQuAD
The first landing was followed by another, precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969. NASA had achieved its first landing goal with enough Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launchers left for eight follow-on lunar landings through Apollo 20, conducting extended-endurance missions and transporting the landing crews in Lunar Roving Vehicles on the last five. They also planned an Apollo Applications Program to develop a longer-duration Earth orbital workshop (later named Skylab) to be constructed in orbit from a spent S-IVB upper stage, using several launches of the smaller Saturn IB launch vehicle. But planners soon decided this could be done more efficiently by using the two live stages of a Saturn V to launch the workshop pre-fabricated from an S-IVB (which was also the Saturn V third stage), which immediately removed Apollo 20. Belt-tightening budget cuts soon led NASA to cut Apollo 18 and 19 as well, but keep three extended/Lunar Rover missions. Apollo 13 encountered an in-flight spacecraft failure and had to abort its lunar landing in April 1970, returning its crew safely but temporarily grounding the program again. It resumed with four successful landings on Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972).
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fc943f1baad84b979d03774181b421cb
When was the second landing on the Moon successful?
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{ "text": [ "November 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "November 1969" ]