id
int64 0
8.19k
| input_1
stringlengths 76
2.05k
| instruction
stringclasses 1
value | output
stringclasses 3
values |
---|---|---|---|
5,700 | It has proven a suitable method for determining the content of a CPT curriculum.(14,15,17) The modified Delphi process took place between January and July 2017 and comprised the following: a systematic literature search; selection of a European expert panel; and development of a Web-based questionnaire and its modification in two consecutive rounds followed by a face-to-face meeting and final round. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,701 | Others implicitly set γ ≡ 0 to investigate the relationship between damages and socioeconomic vulnerability; see Kellenberg and Mobarak (2008), Bakkensen (2013), Bakkensen and Mendelsohn (2016) and Geiger et al. (2016). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,702 | …have been based on unselected populations of animals although it might be more productive to study this issue in animals that show an innate predisposition to express high or low levels of anxiety
18 Introduction
(Brush, 2003; Landgraf & Wigger, 2002; Lister, 1990; Steimer & Driscoll, 2003). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,703 | subtilis perRBS mutant, the expression level of fur is known to be less than one-third of those of katA, mrgA, and ahpC (Fuangthong et al., 2002; Faulkner et al., 2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,704 | Immunoprecipitation and western blot Protein extraction, western blots and immunoprecipitations were performed as previously described (Pentimalli et al., 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,705 | The high concentration of Ca activates mitochondrial calcium-sensitive K channels (mtKca) and mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS), which increases the levels of nitric oxide (NO) (Figure 3) [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,706 | Responses of several NTD models to various nutrients have been tested, with some showing responsiveness and others resistance to supplementation or to deprivation [21-26,28,34]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,707 | Moreover, a resting state functional connectivity analysis showed that the TPJa and TPJp are embedded in different functional networks: the right TPJa activity interacted with the bilateral IPL, the ventral prefrontal network, and the anterior insula, which are often associated with ventral attention network [41,44], while the right TPJp interacted with the posterior cingulate, the temporal pole, and the anterior medial prefrontal cortex, which are often implicated in social cognition [45]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,708 | Moreover, still others have reported that the selective inhibition of Ang-2 activity promotes blood reperfusion following ischaemia through the recruitment of inflammatory cells and combination with VEGF [5, 9]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,709 | ATP7A and ATP7B are P1B-type ATPases, which use the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to transport Cu across Golgi membranes (Jayakanthan et al. 2017; Lutsenko et al. 2008; Yatsunyk and Rosenzweig 2007; Yu et al. 2017b). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,710 | The cluster goodness can be additionally evaluated through measuring the purity, entropy and F-Measure [23, 24, 25]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,711 | According with our previous results (Orihuela & Croxatto 2001, Orihuela et al. 2001, 2003) and those shown in this paper we propose a model indicating that the nongenomic pathway utilised by E2 to accelerate oviductal transport of oocytes in cycling rats involves successive activation of the… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,712 | These studies have generally found that cells from immature ventricles, compared with adult myocytes, display 1) a reduction in the density of outward K currents (28, 51), 2) greater activity and expression of Na /Ca(2) exchange (NCX) (2), and 3) intracellular Ca(2) transients that depend less on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2) release and more on transmembrane Ca(2) influx (21, 32). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,713 | Amino acid residues involved in the iron binding site of dioxygenases (Britsch et al., 1993) are conserved in the above-mentioned dioxygenases (asterisks in Figure 3). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,714 | Mechanistically, gametic and somatic DMRs both require the maintenance of DNA methylation by DNMT1 (Caspary et al., 1998; Bhogal et al., 2004). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,715 | The first experiment was purposed for foreign language education (Kanda et al., 2004 d), but there was no mechanism for long-term interaction implemented in Robovie. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,716 | The caeca of chicks are the intestinal organs that contain the highest loads of the bacterium (Beery et al.,
1988; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,717 | NP3L [10] is consistently outperformed by our methods, while for UPnP [8] our NPnLupC outperforms it in the noisy cases. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,718 | Indeed, in response to dual tasking, patients with PD and idiopathic fallers walk more slowly and reduce their average swing times (Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,719 | As a covariate, the effect of exercise on parameters was examined both as a two-point proportional effect between the two levels of high intensity and the lesser prolonged intensity [2–4] and also as a single additive effect. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,720 | 1http://owl.man.ac.uk/factplusplus 2http://kaon2.semanticweb.org/
The meta-data is generated by code written for SWOOP [9], and provides the details of the expressivity (i.e. the constructs present in the ontology) together with the number of classes, object properties, data properties, individuals, class axioms, property axioms and individual axioms present. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,721 | The variables selected for the regression analyses were those that correlated significantly with serum FGF21 or FFAs and those that have been shown to be associated with plasma levels of these proteins [4,9]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,722 | In rare cases where PCR did not yield amplicons, the primers 63f (50 CAG GCC TAA CAC ATG CAA GTC 30) and 1387r (50 GGG CGG WGT GTA CAA GGC 30) (Marchesi et al. 1998) were used. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,723 | Proposed approach is compared with supervised variable selection methods: maximum mutual information minimal redundancy (MIMR) method [18] and HITTON_PC and HITTON_MB [19] methods. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,724 | We obtained 658–667 bp of mtDNA control region sequences for each species from published data sets (Kulikova et al. 2005, 2012; Peters et al. 2005, 2008, 2012b, 2014; Lavretsky et al. 2014; Table S3, Supporting information), supplementing these data with new sequences. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,725 | Only 15% cases undergoing cataract surgery in 1995 had IOL implantation while almost 90% of cases had IOL implantation in 2006 [24, 38]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,726 | There is a significant increase in the levels of cariogenic bacteria in the saliva and plaque of patients undergoing fixed appliance treatment.(21,22) However, during the initial phase of caries growth, S mutans is the most frequently associated microorganism. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,727 | These clusters of informative voxels, along with a cluster implicating the occipital cortex, have also been consistently found in neuroimaging studies using statistical parametric mapping (Bush et al., 2000; Colibazzi et al., 2010; Gerber et al., 2008; Hagan et al., 2009; Killgore and Yurgelun-Todd, 2004; Narumoto et al., 2001; Posner et al., 2009; Robins et al., 2009; Wager et al., 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,728 | …in the dependability definition (see Section 2.4 below), the attribute safety, since it is also included in the dependability definitions seen in Section 1, is directly included in the definition (see (Rüdiger et al., 2007a) for a definition of the remaining attributes in a behavioral context). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,729 | Hence, with the understanding that measuring instruments need to be used by physical therapists in order to objectively quantify alterations affecting mainly the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine, and to establish the criteria for planning and following up their interventions13, the aims of the present study are to investigate (1) the accuracy of the angles of the sagittal curvature from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine obtained using an instrument adapted from the arcometer developed by D’Osualdo, Schierano and Iannis18 by comparing them with those obtained using X-ray examination and (2) the inter-evaluator reproducibility and the intraevaluator reproducibility of the arcometer. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,730 | Ectopic activation of Hedgehog activity in PDCs was obtained either through expression of a dominant-active version of GLI2 [41] or a dominant-active form of Smoothened (SmoA1). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,731 | Such training has been shown to reduce resting CRP and IL-6 (Mendham et al. 2014), and improve glycaemic control (Andersen et al. 2014) and body
composition (Andersen et al. 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,732 | (Massie and Holland, 1984; Ciaramella and Poli, 2001; Uchitomi et al., 2003; Katz et al., 2004; Ell et al., 2005; Boyd et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Mitchell et al., 2012; Palmer et al., 2012; Pirl et al., 2012; Tada et al., 2012; Warmenhoven et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,733 | We ultimately selected a 2007 study using Medicare Advantage data to estimate the direct medical costs attributable to CVD events [26], and a 2002 Canadian study to determine age-specific productivity losses due to events [30]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,734 | In the ISO standard (Bunt et al., 2012), FSs can theoretically be discontinuous or run across turn boundaries. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,735 | In crustacean, apart from functioning as a digestive gland, hepatopancreas is also an important immune organ that functions as a primary site to synthesize and excrete immune molecules, such as beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) [16], antibacterial peptide (AMP) [17], lectin or lectin related proteins and others [18]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,736 | …showed that imaging or therapeutic agents larger than the BBB’s exclusion threshold of 400 Da could be successfully delivered by FUS with microbubbles (Alonso et al. 2013; Choi et al. 2007; Choi et al. 2010a; Hynynen et al. 2001; Kinoshita et al. 2006; Marquet et al. 2014; Shen et al. 2014). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,737 | Ramirez et al. (2015) reported a lower LOD, thus higher analytical sensitivity, of kDNA PCR compared to Sat-DNA PCR tests for T. cruzi VI. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,738 | [24] showed that, for this choice of joint feature vector, loss-augmented inference can be performed optimally using an efficient greedy algorithm. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,739 | SEQUENCE KBT [10] PPM [15] LBPT [20] KCF [9] Proposed Average success rate 164 100 88 165 66 | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,740 | We undertook the present study because recent availability of new fibroblast markers has reduced the difficulty in addressing this issue (7, 8). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,741 | In addition, the P-VS profiles of SA1 and SA2 have only one inflection point, at the onset of the average Si-O coordination number’s increase from 6 to 6+ (Brazhkin et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2012; Murakami and Bass 2010, 2011). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,742 | at least 60–85%) fasting triglycerides, in agreement with previous data obtained in healthy subjects (15, 39). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,743 | These results are in keeping with previous research investigating the processing of kana and alphabetic languages (Bolger et al., 2005; Ischebeck et al., 2004; Nakamura et al., 2005; Sakurai et al., 1993, 2000; Tan et al., 2005a; Thuy et al., 2004), as well as kanji and logographic languages… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,744 | We compare our results with regular Gibbs sampling (Gibbs) and the approach proposed in Venugopal and Gogate [30] (cgibbs), where they use clustering algorithms such as KMeans to derive an approximate MLN and then sample this MLN using regular Gibbs sampling. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,745 | Previous comparisons of transcriptome content [10], gene expression patterns [11-13], and gene function [14,15] between Amborella and other flowering plant species have suggested that much of the floral development program that has been characterized in Arabidopsis, snapdragon and maize existed in the last common ancestor of extant angiosperms. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,746 | Treatment options include surgical excision, chemotherapy, immunotherapy with rituximab for patients with positive CD 20 immunohistochemistry, or radiosurgery.(1-30) For patients without systemic involvement, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is often used after histopathologic confirmation. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,747 | For this analysis we use the two SI distributions observed from investigations of the first 100 pH1N1 cases in South Africa [22]: (1) the SI distribution between primary cases and laboratoryconfirmed secondary cases only (39%, 24%, 14%, 17%, 3% and 3% for day 1 to 6 respectively), and (2) the SI distribution between primary cases and suspected plus laboratory-confirmed secondary cases (30%, 17%, 20%, 23%, 7% and 3% for day 1 to 6 respectively). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,748 | DAA cases were performed with a slight modification of the technique described by Lovell [15], with anterior capsulotomy and subsequent repair, the use of a standard operating table with a table mounted femoral elevator (Omni-Tract Surgical, St. Paul, Minnesota), selective soft tissue releases based on the mobility of the femur (conjoined tendon was released in most cases and piriformis was released in some), and the use of fluoroscopy in every case for assessing component positioning and limb-lengths. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,749 | With data from the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG 8794) for the use of adjuvant radiation therapy in high-risk patients (21), and Messing trial results demonstrating an advantage in survival for long-term ADT in lymph node-positive patients (22), good pathologic data are an important step toward multi-modality approach. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,750 | Internal consistency for the PIWSUR total score were reported to be excellent by (Burns et al. 1996) (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92), and for the subscales was fair to good with alphas ranging from 0.77 to 0.88. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,751 | Two PTF1 binding sites are present in the 2.3 kb Ptf1a regulatory sequence Sequence analysis of the two highly conserved peaks in the 2.3 kb enhancer revealed the presence of two PTF1 binding sites, referred to here as the proximal (P) and the distal (D) PTF1 sites (Masui et al., 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,752 | Then we make quantitative comparisons with other state-of-the-art approaches on the 5-class and 6-class collective datasets, including RSTV approach in [7], a joint tracking and recognition flow model in [15], a complex hierarchical model in [5], a bayesian BORD method in [1] and a discriminative latent model in [17]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,753 | FISH was carried out according to Pinkel et al. (1986)
using 5S rDNA probes obtained by PCR from Prochilodus genomic DNA using the primers A (5_-TACGCCCGATCTCG TCCGATC-3_) and B (5_-CAGGCTGGTATGGCCGTAAGC-3_) (Pendás et al., 1994). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,754 | Studies on HA have shown previously that HA have the ability to decrease respiratory stress, and reduce hyperactivity in eastern rainbowfish fingerlings exposed to low pH during 96 h exposures (Holland et al., 2014a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,755 | 8-kb genomic fragment containing all of the noncoding exons demonstrated tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice (Drews et al. 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,756 | A similar behaviour was found in the context of Higgs production in association with bottom quarks [31]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,757 | Previous research find that the VOT value of aspirated decreases and overlaps with that of lenis for younger speakers, but not for older speakers (Jin 2008, Kang 2014, Kang and Guion 2008, Silva 2006, Wright 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,758 | The developmental changes associated with puberty, pregnancy, lactation and involution of the mammary gland have been extensively studied and signaling pathways initiated by both membrane and nuclear receptors are essential for coordination of these events [1]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,759 | Many estimation processes applies the probabilistic approach to determine the state of environment because of the uncertainties of measurements [12,15]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,760 | Figures 3 and 4 present in silico plasma profiles from the final, validated analog under fasting and fed conditions, respectively, shown with the GITT model predictions from [17]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,761 | …and often impossible task (see, e.g., Herrmann et al., 1990; Saunders et al., 1992; Anderson et al., 2010; Franklin, 2010), and stature estimations may vary largely depending on the applied method (see, e.g., Sciulli et al., 1990; Raxter et al., 2007; Siegmund, 2010; Carretero et al., 2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,762 | MEDLINE), one can find the elements of the PICO structure, but rarely explicitly annotated (Dawes et al., 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,763 | The pulvinar and much of the thalamus are centres of high-order (cortical to cortical) relay connections and their activation in early hypoglycemia may reflect arousal-enhanced relay of integrated sensory information to other cortical areas (reviewed by Sherman, 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,764 | …Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
D iscussion P aper
| D iscussion P aper |
D iscussion P aper
| D iscussion P aper |
Ocean is unphysical, and subtract it from each along-track row; this approach is similar to those applied in previous studies (Boersma et al., 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,765 | Native Skp1 sequences were employed because a previous study showed that N- or C-terminal peptide tags interfere with its hydroxylation and activity in cells [10]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,766 | capillary endothelial cells [16;17] - we have been evaluating its participation in the response to respiratory tract infections. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,767 | We took inspiration from previous research done in the context of novel IDEs ([15], [16] and [17]) and used abstraction to present a concise view of the entities of a software model. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,768 | The settings for the Maras’ and Fan’s strategies shown in Table 1 are consistent with those in their original studies of [4] and [7]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,769 | vinifera (P28343, Coutos-Thevenot et al., 2001; Giorcelli et al., 2004; Zhu et al., 2004) that have been successfully used in gene transfer experiments. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,770 | the thoracic and lumbar curvatures: (1) X-ray examination from which the Cobb angles (CA) of both curvatures were obtained, and (2) | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,771 | …with 675 kHz scanning pencil beam sonar and a 200 kHz multibeam sonar for near-bottom bathymetric surveys, both with vertical resolution as high as centimeters to decimeters depending on acquisition parameters [Singh et al., 2000; Whitcomb et al., 2000; Roman et al., 2005; Ferrini et al., 2005b]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,772 | Substance P is involved in several behavioral processes, such as reinforcement, learning, memory, and pain (28-31). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,773 | For example, it is found that individuals with ASD tend to under report the severity of their autistic features (Johnson, Filliter, & Murphy, 2009) and show diminished awareness of their mental states (Williams & Happé, 2009, 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,774 | Indeed, the non-monotonic reasoning community has continuosly produced, in the past, several extensions of nonmonotonic logic languages, aimed at improving readability and easy programming through the introduction of new constructs, employed in order to specify classes of constraints, search spaces, data structures, new forms of reasoning, new special predicates [2, 9, 18], such as aggregate predicates [4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,775 | …a high correlation with the medial temporal lobe, by means of atrophy
224 Chapter I
(Diamond et al., 2007; Sánchez-Benavides et al., 2010, 2014; Sarazin et al., 2010; Wenger, Negash, Petsersen, & Petersen, 2011), hypoperfusion (Habert et al., 2011) and hypometabolism (Van Der Gucht et al.,… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,776 | The model (Rohrer and Berresheim, 2006; Hofzumahaus et al., 2009) was based on the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism (RACM) (Stockwell et al. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,777 | NO has been shown to contribute to host defense against intracellular pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella [35,36] and to inhibit virus proliferation [36,37]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,778 | …succinylation (Zhang et al. 2011; Park et al. 2013; Weinert et al. 2013b) in organisms from humans to bacteria, malonylation (Peng et al. 2011) and glutarylation (Tan et al. 2014) in eukaryotes, and propionylation in bacteria (Okanishi et al. 2014) were recently revealed as prevalent PTMs. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,779 | However, at temperatures above 20uC, the strong selfassociation propensity of human IAPP rapidly drives monomeric IAPP molecules toward oligo- and multimerization [24–27]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,780 | Electron Microscopy and Immunolabeling
Arabidopsis embryos and root tips and tobacco BY2 cells were highpressure frozen/freeze-substituted for electron microscopy analysis as described previously (Otegui et al., 2002). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,781 | However, these analyses were undertaken prior to obtaining results from the MENTOR study and used the NICE guidelines [7] threshold for treating with a biologic rather than the BSR guidelines [10]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,782 | Betrachtet man die Programmiersprache Java [53], so stellen beispielsweise Klammern statische Tokens dar, während die sogenannten Modifikatoren von Methoden und Feldern (public, private und protected) semantisch und somit variabel sind. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,783 | This phenotype is reminiscent of the phenotype observed in Arabidopsis plants expressing Hahb-4, a drought-inducible HD-Zip family I gene from sunflower that was implicated in ethylene-mediated control of senescence (Manavella et al. 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,784 | Following Baker et al. (2012), I include a constant and a linear time trend in xt. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,785 | Such an intervention would be important because little or no vaccine would be available against the first wave of pandemic influenza (Longini et al., 1978, 2004). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,786 | Statistical analysis of EEG SSDC as applied to the frontal–central and parietooccipital cortical areas also confirmed the previously demonstrated [2] zonal speci ficity of SSDC in the MM–REO and RM–REO con trasts. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,787 | The sensation evoked by CO2 was stinging or burning pain, as has been reported in other studies.(17,18,19,20) The putative neuronal substrate for this is polymodal nociceptors or chemonociceptors. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,788 | analysis was limited to patients with methicillin-resistant isolates only.(3) In con- | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,789 | This is consistent with many studies that have demonstrated that increased fibrosis results in greater impairment in functionality (14, 45-48). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,790 | The distribution of initial radon levels in the series of 65 houses is shown in Figure 2 , and this has the same pattern as reported by Denman and Phillips (1998a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,791 | Certainly, patients may exhibit leakage on angiography (for example leakingmicroaneurysms in diabetic retinopathy), but no fluid accumulation within or below the retina as a result of compensatory removal of fluid by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) [14]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,792 | Although lots of works have reported that these features could be used to obtain accurate results in human detection, they encountered many difficulties in perceiving the shapes of human objects with articulated poses and cluttered background [10,11]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,793 | Besides that, no ameliorate impacts have been obtained on the use of antioxidants in some studies (12,13). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,794 | Finally, actin-capping protein was found to regulate actin polymerization at autophagosomes downstream of PI(3)P synthesis (Mi et al., 2015). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,795 | %) and in the Registro
Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmboÃÅlica (RIETE) (major bleeding at 3 months: 3.4% vs. VTE recurrence at 3 months: 2.1%).16 Similar results were also observed in the Worcester Venous Thromboembolism Study.11
The main strength of our study is the multicentric prospective inclusion of unselected VTE patients in a real-world setting that provides a representative picture of the age distribution in patients with acute VTE. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,796 | Similar results were also obtained by Harris (1978) and Tamiru (2005) for potato, Onwueme (1978) for yam and (Mulugeta, 2007) for taro. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
5,797 | For each target force, the vertical sensitivity of the oscilloscope was adjusted so that the target line would remain 16 cm up the screen (39,40,46). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
5,798 | The real-world spaces that surround information users have been diversely called everything from personal information environments (Kwasnik, 1991; Malone, 1983) to personal information management (PIM) systems (Barreau, 1995) and personal spaces of information (Jones, 2007). Drawing upon interviews with academics, Lee (2003) proposes a model of three concentric zones of information that surround a user: “immediate,” within arm’s reach or a few footsteps away; “adjacent,” such as a nearby university library; and “outside,” such as a more distant bookstore. Speaking largely from an objectifying stance and adopting Lee’s concept of the “immediate information space,” this paper focuses on a visual research method—photography— that seems particularly well suited to learning more about settings and their accompanying information phenomena. A variety of investigative approaches may be used to study immediate information space. Jones (2007) suggests ethnography combined with design methodologies, and places emphasis on context and situation, including contextual inquiry (Beyer & Holtzblatt, 1998), situated activity (Suchman, 1983), and situated design (Greenbaum & Kyng, 1991). Naumer and Fisher (2007) recommend naturalistic inquiry (Lincoln & Guba, 1985) and the data-gathering methods of unobtrusive observation, interviews, diaries, text analysis, pictures, and videos. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
5,799 | More suitable analyses have therefore been proposed, including growth curve analysis (Magnuson et al. 2007) and mixed-effects (logistic) regression (Barr 2008; Huettig et al. 2011). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.