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4,200 | Letters
The Role of Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Glaucoma Cannot Be Studied With Multivariable Regression Analysis Applied to Surrogates
Ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) is not easily directly measurable, and the difference between blood pressure and intraocular pressure (IOP) has been suggested as a simple surrogate of OPP.1 We write in relation to publications in this journal2,3 and elsewhere4 that have reported a significant association between OPP surrogates and glaucoma. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,201 | Biological neurons in vivo show a substantial variability in the exact timing of action potentials to identical stimulus presentations (Calvin & Stevens, 1968; Softky & Koch, 1993; Shadlen & Newsome, 1998). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,202 | Although not asked to patients themselves, our results indicated that physicians estimation was that patients’ perspective on NGS panels is likely to be highly positive (~66,5 %), coinciding with studies on pharmacogenomics/-genetics that did include patients in their study population [15, 16]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,203 | A number of factors can cause different time estimates from different molecular data (for detailed discussions, see Nikoh et al. 1997; Gu 1997). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,204 | Moreno et al. (1991); Rojas et al. (2001) and Moreira et al. (2008) have previously shown more isoamyl acetate production in coinoculation of S. cerevisiae with a non-Saccharomyces in wine fermentations. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,205 | Two of themost important group of proteins involved in the cell cycle machinery are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) (Murray, 2004; Chulu and Liu, 2009). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,206 | The rationale for using hRPE cells was based on their ability to secrete L-dopa from tyrosine, catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase, as part of their eumelanin synthesis pathway (Ito and Wakamatsu 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,207 | In contrast to the results here, Talukdar and Germida (1993) found that AMF colonization was different between lentil and wheat, and Scheublin et al. (2004) found that legumes were colonized by distinctly different AMF communities than nonlegume host plants. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,208 | Ozbag et al., found the prevalence of MBs to be 60 in 2002 (Ozbag et al. 2002) and 63 % in 2004 (Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004) in sheep hearts. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,209 | The studies on VA are conducted for several languages and actual datasets are acquired for different languages including English [12, 13], German [14], French [15], Spanish [16] and Chinese [17–19]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,210 | …implicated the MEK/ERK signalling pathway in IFN-γ-stimulated iNOS expression; thus, exposure of microglial/ macrophage cells to this cytokine in the presence of MEK or ERK inhibitors inhibited the effect of IFN-γ (Blanchette et al., 2003; Han et al., 2003; Park et al., 2005; Shen et al., 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,211 | Moreover, the publications suggest that the approach makes it possible to foster a ‘shared responsibility between students and instructors’ (McLaughlin et al., 2014, p. 242), and overall, optimising classroom time is often specifically emphasised (Gannod et al., 2008; Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,212 | Six studies [7, 15, 20, 24, 26, 27] were prospective, and two studies [18, 23] were randomized controlled studies. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,213 | phi is a meta-program interpreted in [112, 24] as a second-order predicate which applies to the predicate p. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,214 | The results of this study indicate that the accumulation potential of feathers are in accordance with Skoric et al. (2012) and Misztal-Szkudlinska et al. (2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,215 | Another on-demand algorithm that considers several Markov models is ActiveLeZi [Gopalratnam and Cook, 2007]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,216 | Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (6) was used to assess the degree of anxiety in pregnant women. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,217 | The Western immunoblotting procedure was used to localize and quantify Ca2 -ATPase, PLN, CaM kinase II, and calsequestrin in SR membrane vesicles and cardiac muscle homogenates according to the procedure described by Xu and Narayanan (59). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,218 | As stated by Spyropoulos (2000), a hospital infrastructure is composed of:
(a) Human resources: physicians, nurses, administrative personal, technicians for equipment maintenance, etc. (b) Intensive therapy units, with an expensive infrastructure.
ll rights reserved.
ta Filho). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,219 | Indeed, mammalian nuclear receptors such as PPAR-a and PPAR-c are activated by fatty acids or their derivatives [26,27] and structural analysis of the ligand binding domain of HNF4a revealed long chain fatty acids bound in the ligand binding pocket [35,36]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,220 | We retrospectively compared 2 methods that have been proposed to screen for IA [1, 2]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,221 | Mammals, birds and reptiles have six MBDs; nematodes and insects contain four MBDs, whereas bacteria or lower eukaryotes (e.g. yeast) contain only one or two MBDs (Yu et al. 2017a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,222 | The implied translational impairment of Scp160p target mRNAs in Scp160p-deficient cells is consistent with their slow-growth phenotype, especially when grown on media supplemented with translation elongation inhibitors (11,12). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,223 | Despite these limitations, AFM has turned out to be very useful in practice, for example in helping to refine KC models in given task domains [1,18,19,23], as we do in the current paper. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,224 | , 2001) have been conducted since the establishment of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as the standard of care, with six additional studies (Baigis et al., 2002; Lox et al., 1996; MacArthur et al., 1993; Perna et al., 1999; Stringer, Berezovskaya, O’Brien, Beck, & Casaburi, 1998; Terry et al., 2006) including subjects on some type of antiretroviral therapy. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,225 | In five consecutive sections, five measurements of GCL width were performed at 25 μm intervals (Haas et al., 2002; Houser, 1990) using AxioVision software (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,226 | Several routing schemes as surveyed in [16] adopt the planar graph [24] derived from the unit disk graph (UDG) as their network topologies, such as GPSR [3], GFG [17], Compass Routing II [18], AFR [19], GOAFR [20] GOAFR+ [21], GOAFR++ [16], and GPVFR [22]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,227 | b-catenin normally associates with E-cadherin and with a-catenin and thereby participates in the regulation of cell-to-cell adhesion (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,228 | , 1983), along with downstream substrates, including NMDA receptors (NMDA-Rs) and AMPA-receptors (AMPA-Rs) (Yoshimura et al., 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,229 | The Delphi method is an iterative, anonymous, data-driven survey method that facilitates expert-group consensus building.(22) The four defining characteristics of the Delphi method were upheld throughout the process: anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback, and statistical group response. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,230 | These results are consistent with those of Liong and Shah, who reported that decreased fecal Escherichia coli counts result from probiotic feeding in rats (46). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,231 | …used in the present study has been proven to be suitable for the extraction of resveratrol from several transgenic plants (Szankowski et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2004; Rühmann et al., 2006), resveratrol has not been found in methanol or acetone extracts of strawberry (Aharoni et al., 2002;… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,232 | described the prevalence of ASD in England as 4/10 000 for children aged 8–10 years (Lotter 1966). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,233 | The duration of phase I was estimated from the averaged response profile, as the time at which there was a marked inflection point in the _ VO2, _ V CO2 and _ V E response and change in end tidal oxygen, end tidal carbon dioxide and R from baseline values (Whipp et al. 1982). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,234 | In the past, emails, e-consultations, and requests for medical advice via the Internet have been manually analyzed using quantitative or qualitative methods [1-6]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,235 | It has also been documented that children and adolescents with epilepsy experience more emotional and behavioural problems than healthy controls and others with chronic conditions [9-26]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,236 | Other investigators using different experimental models, animals, and anesthetic agents experienced similar difficulty in stabilizing the circulatory volume when a crystalloid solution, saline, or Ringer solution was used to replace the blood lost (8, 12, 40, 41, 44, 55). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,237 | In the subsequent studies, Yoshida et al. (2004b) and Ishii et al. (2004) confirmed the reversibility of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase of Rhizobium sp. strain MTP-10005 and R.radiobacter WU-0108, respectively. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,238 | We used the HB cell lines HUH6 (Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources, JCRB, Osaka, Japan), HepT1 [41], HepT3 [7], and HepG2 [42], as well as the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HUH7 (JCRB). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,239 | …of a subpopulation of DA neurons which locate in the laterodorsal ventral tegmental area (VTA) (also referred to as medial and central VTA) (Valenti et al., 2012; Lammel et al., 2012), whereas short-term stress or other different chronic stressors (e.g., repeated intermittent stress)… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,240 | (2007) focus on slow EEG oscillations observed during deeper levels of desflurane-induced general anesthesia and (Liley and Bojak, 2005) model the proconvulsive properties of several volatile anesthetic agents, most modeling efforts aim at understanding the dynamical mechanisms underlying bi-phasic responses (Bojak and Liley, 2005; Hutt and Longtin, 2010; Steyn-Ross et al., 1999). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,241 | In fact, a decrease of ROS production in AS-30D cells by the potent uncoupler CCCP, both in the presence and absence of arachidonic acid, was described in our previous publication (Dymkowska et al., 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,242 | Wine polyphenols can reduce the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, counteracting a key mechanism of atherosclerosis [13]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,243 | At these concentrations, protein expression of Cx-43 was reduced by 80% for up to 72 h (21), and protein expression of Tph1 was reduced by 90% for up to 72 h. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,244 | Gas-phase smoke contains similar concentrations of these gases but is free of particulates (6). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,245 | For example, cocaine affects dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake, and the enhanced monoaminergic signals lead to addictive behaviors (Ritz et al. 1990; Ritz et al. 1987). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,246 | Reformulated from a neurobiological perspective, supraliminal stimuli induce global broadcasting i.e., long distance reinforcement and reverberation loops (Baars, 2002; Dehaene & Naccache, 2001). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,247 | [25] Indeed, the polyfunctionality index (1) presented here allows us to favour more polyfunctional T cells in a linearly (q = 1) or exponentially (q. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,248 | Assessing Risk of Bias
Critical appraisal of the studies, based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (Higgins and Green 2009), involved assessing whether there was an adequate method of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of assessors, satisfactory treatment of attrition, including… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,249 | Whole cell patchclamp recordings were performed at 30°C as described previously (20, 32, 37, 42, 45). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,250 | …contrast to most anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 concentrations increases during endurance exercise in thermoneutral conditions (Nieman et al. 2012; Peake et al. 2005, 2008; Svendsen et al. 2014) and increases further when exercise is conducted in a hot laboratory environment (Peake et al. 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,251 | The reciprocal of k is the turnover time (1) or the time interval required for the biosynthesis of an amount of NE equal to that stored in the tissue. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,252 | Determining the factors leading to current patterns of biodiversity loss in humandegraded landscapes is thus important in order to assess the likely effectiveness of future conservation efforts (Jeanneret et al. 2003a; Little et al. 2013). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,253 | In men, two studies [36, 43], indicated that obesity was associated with lower CRC screening rates. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,254 | This may be partially explained by the fact that younger and healthier patients are often more likely to be initially selected for TJR [17]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,255 | These methods have been used in identifying causal regulators in yeast (Friedman et al., 2000; Pe’er et al., 2001; Segal et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2008; Bing and Hoeschele, 2005; Kulp and Jagalur, 2006) and causal mediators of disease in mice (Schadt et al., 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,256 | In this regard, TONSL is already known to participate in the repair of collapsed or stalled replication forks (Duro et al. 2010; O’Connell et al. 2010; O’Donnell et al. 2010; Piwko et al. 2010), which is also a known BRCA1 function (Pathania et al. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,257 | The Real-time PCR has many other wider applications in other areas of research, such as microbiology, biotechnology, diagnostics and molecular medicine (Nolan et al. 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,258 | PCR amplification of the ITS region and PS36 and P74-75 SSR markers (Cooke et al. 2000; Dorrance and Grünwald 2009; Schena et al. 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,259 | Molecular markers and population genetic analyses have greatly facilitated our ability to assess previously unobtainable data on the ecological or evolutionary dynamics of metazoan animal parasites in natural populations (Criscione et al., 2005; de Meeûs et al., 2007a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,260 | Four or more vessels involved by FTC has been proposed to have a worse prognosis[7,11-15]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,261 | Vol. 17, No. 4, December, 2013
translocation of these enzymes to the plasma membrane and/or other membrane (Littler et al., 2006; CorbalánGarcía & Gómez-Fernández, 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,262 | d See MacWhinney and Snow (1985). e Satterthwaite’s method used, due to unequal variances. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,263 | 8).(8,13) These results are consistent with the reported differences in IOP values between diurnal and nocturnal raptors, considering ostriches’ natural diurnal behavior. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,264 | They initialize their orthogonal mapping using an adversarial training phase, much like Conneau et al. [2018], and solve the optimization problem with alternating minimization. Our approach differs from theirs: by bootstrapping on the solution of a smaller problem to initialize the mapping, we avoid the need for a neural network initialization that is used in their approach. In addition, our annealing scheme on the entropic regularization leads to smooth convergence, with very little sensitivity to initialization. Concurrently with our work,1 Grave et al. [2018] tackle the problem of unsupervised word embedding alignment with a similar optimization framework as the one proposed by Zhang et al. [2017b], combining Wasserstein distances (an instance of optimal transport distances) and Procrustes alignment. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,265 | In support of this conclusion is the previous observation that the relative contribution of the nanosecond and microsecond processes to the HOOP mode decay was temperature-dependent (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,266 | For Bd, initial gene calls were predicted using a combination of FGENESH30, GENEID31, EST-based genes and manual annotation; this initial set (previously made available on the Broad Institute website at https://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/ genome/batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis/MultiHome.html) was improved using 50,374,154 paired-end reads (10.1 Tb) from RNA sequenced on three lanes of Illumina HiSeq from in vitro cultures (Supplementary Table 1), as well as 1,390 transcripts (800 kb) from Bd infection (described in detail below). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,267 | The remaining descriptive data were collected via observation during the field site characterization, and during previous experiments [19,20]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,268 | culturally dominant processing style (holistic or analytic thinking) (Nisbett et al., 2001), thinking | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,269 | By pooling the feedforward inputs, a small proportion of V2 cells (Figure 3) and a large proportion of V4 cells (Chen et al., 2014) in the superficial (output) layers start to signal the global contour. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,270 | However, they do not approach even the lowest suggested thresholds for P-limitation at the oldest site as used in other tests of progressive P limitation (Wardle et al. 2004). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,271 | We report results with both the [26] and [27] versions of the detector of [14] as the baseline object detector. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,272 | Similar results (i.e. that greater decreases observed in g than in Amax) have also been reported in other forest species (Monson & Grant, 1989; Green & Mitchell, 1992; Zhang & Marshall, 1994) and crop plants (Ismail & Hall, 1992). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,273 | Pre- and post-test1 both included measurements of the S-reflex, M-wave, and H-reflex, followed by an MVC. S-reflex testing was performed at 0 , as in the study by Avela et al. (1999). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,274 | Clinically, they usually present with unilateral nasal obstruction, but other symptoms have also been reported such as epistaxis, purulent rhinorrhoea, postnasal drip, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, dysphonia, and dysphagia [3, 12]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,275 | In the context of the second application, it has been exemplifi ed in several studies that exact optimization can be very diffi cult for real-world instances ([18, 11, 13]). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,276 | For each LOOCV training set, the entire model building process was repeated, including the gene selection process. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,277 | However, the amounts of the other PCR cycle enzymes and of electron transport components also vary in parallel with the amount of RuBisCO (von Caemmerer and Farquhar 1981; Makino et al. 1983). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,278 | To fulfil this goal we used (as described in detail in the next section) the Th.o.m.a.s (Bosco et al., 2009a; see also Castellino et al., 2011; Laghi et al. in press), a semi-structured interview for investigating various aspects of ToM, plus a classical ToM test (Strange Stories test, Happé et… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,279 | Previous SPM studies (Salmon et al., 2000; Sakamoto et al., 2002; Kemp et al., 2003) matched the severity of dementia between early onset and late onset groups with MMSE or ADAS-cog (Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scalecognitive subscale) scores that reflect only the cognitive aspects of dementia. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,280 | 5 Mice with GLUT1-haploinsufficiency exhibited impaired motor activity and coordination, microencephaly, and frequent seizures (51). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,281 | However, this mechanism implies higher cost due to high usage of resources [2]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,282 | The two
baselines considered in our experiments are two representatives from parametric and non-parametric categories: 1) OU (Orstein-Uhlenbeck (Huang et al., 2016)): modeling the drift term using an Orstein-Uhlenbeck process (Gillespie, 1996), which is a stationary Gauss-Markov process with the… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,283 | In addition, p16 overexpression has been associated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis in ovarian (51) and breast cancers (36). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,284 | Notice that PCA can be seen as the basis of several other multivariate data analysis methods such as PLS (McIntosh et al., 1996; Lobaugh et al., 2001), whereby it is restricted to the brain–behavior covariate matrix. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,285 | Although several antigens including CD163 and CD204 are known to be markers of M2 macrophages, only a few studies have described macrophage activation phenotypes (such as M1 and M2) in human cancer tissues [39,40]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,286 | PCR-targeted mutagenesis was used to replace precisely the cmdABCDEF or SAV4098-4103 genes with an antibiotic resistant gene and then remove the marker but leaving an 81-bp "scar" sequence when necessary [20]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,287 | Secondly, the results provide quantitative evidence regarding the difficulty of conveying privacy related functions and policies to users; earlier research has shown that users often do not read such policies [17, 19] or are not able to comprehend them [15, 19]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,288 | These results are similar to a previous report [3] and suggest that mirror-image allodynia was successfully induced, although the degree of mirror-image allodynia was significantly smaller than the primary (ipsilateral) allodynia, as reported previously in the same rats [15]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,289 | Human leukemia cell lines, HL60 [38] and RPMI8226 [39], were purchased from DS Pharma Biomedical (Osaka, Japan) and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, California) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and a 1% penicillin-streptomycin mixture (Sigma) at 37uC under 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator and passaged every three days. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,290 | With respect to the contradicting results of other studies (Licausi et al., 2011; Weits et al., 2014), we propose that the air humidity during the recovery
period is a crucial factor for the length of survival of submergence in darkness, which was shown here for treatment of the different genotypes… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,291 | Receptors of virtually every type have been shown to stimulate the production of the phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P3) and PtdIns-3,4-P2 (Auger et al., 1989; Serunian et al., 1991; Gold and Aebersold, 1994; Gold et al., 1994; Okada et al., 1996). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,292 | The concentration of katanin in mitotic spindle poles (McNally and Thomas, 1998) and the specific activation of katanin’s activity in Mphase Xenopus extracts (Vale, 1991; McNally and Thomas, 1998) suggest that katanin may also sever microtubules from their centrosomal attachments during mitosis in non-neuronal cells. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,293 | For time-varying discrete-time wavelet transform, in literature there are some papers related with this topic by studying the changes of two different filter banks [10,11,12]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,294 | The unique hydrogen bonding pattern and the small variation in the derived geometrical restraints provide the foundation for the previous assignment algorithms that use either hydrogen bond (DSSP(Dictionary of Secondary Structure of Proteins) [4], STRIDE [5] and SECSTR [6] and SST [7]) or geometrical restraint as inputs. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,295 | However, in both cases (Safran et al. 2005; Finnegan et al. 2008)
it was not possible to show a correspondence between topographic properties and climate. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,296 | have mitral regurgitation secondary to congestive heart failure have a unique pattern of flow across the mitral valve in systole which consists of early systolic accentuation of mitral regurgitant flow with lesser flow in the latter two-thirds of systole (15). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,297 | Therefore this feature has also been included by making use of an automatic event co-reference system by Chen et al. (2011). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,298 | In this section, we present a detailed evaluation of the GSP and ASFALT mechanisms using the sensor network simulation tool J-Sim [16] and compare their performance to the signature-based scheme proposed by Fang et al. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,299 | CMA yields significant rates of pathogenic or potentially pathogenic (VOUS) results [2,11–20], which have clinical utility for the case-by-case clinical management of individuals with these individually rare disorders [23–34]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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