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4,100 | The second issue concerns education productivity estimation literature that uses international test data for high school students (e.g., Heyneman and Loxley (1983), Hanushek and Luke (2001)). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,101 | If the purified proteins are used for mass spectrometric analyses, elution from streptavidin beads is not required because trypsin digestion can be performed efficiently on bead-bound proteins and the released peptides can be analysed by mass spectrometry (Guerrero et al., 2005; Kho et al., 2004; Rybak et al., 2005; Tagwerker et al., 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,102 | Each node joins a cluster and the cluster elects a leader in a multihop, distributed manner [15]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,103 | neoformans cells vary in size, from cells less than 3 μm in cell body diameter to cells more than 100 μm in diameter (Feldmesser et al., 2001; Okagaki et al., 2010; Zaragoza et al., 2010; Alanio et al., 2015). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,104 | Overall Leptospira infection prevalence reported in black rats tested by PCR ranged from 11 0% to 65 8% (n = 6; number of animals: median = 79, range = 33–141) [85, 86, 92, 103, 118, 124]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,105 | In using the report to categorize a participant’s attentional state in the 10–15 s immediately prior to the report, this methodology has been used to demonstrate reliable and replicable differences in neurocognitive functioning between on-task and mind wandering states (e.g., Christoff et al. 2009; Franklin et al. 2011; Kam et al. 2011, 2012, 2013; Kirschner et al. 2012; Mason et al. 2007; McKiernan et al. 2006; Smallwood et al. 2008a, b; Stawarczyk et al. 2011). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,106 | Mutations in the dally locus encoding the Drosophila homolog of a human glycoprotein have been shown to result in numerous developmental defects, some of which are associated with alterations in dpp signaling (Haerry et al. 1997). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,107 | It was also observed that CP treatment increased BUN and creatinine levels (Sadzuka et al., 1992; Mansour et al., 2002). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,108 | , 2009) but also induces genes involved in synapse formation andmuscle atrophy (Cohen et al., 2007; Moresi et al., 2010; Tang et al., 2009). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,109 | Catecholamines, and particularly DA, are believed to increase the efficiency of cortical processing by augmenting the signal to noise (S:N) ratio, or the gain within cortical networks [4,37–39]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,110 | We recently described the promoter of the mouse and human SCN8A genes, which contain a cluster of four mutually exclusive 50 noncoding exons, exon 1a to 1d, each of which is spliced directly to the first coding exon (Drews et al. 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,111 | High GPx levels we obtained in group 4 (selenium-supplemented swimming) may seem as an expected result, and are in harmony with the results of the researchers cited above [8, 29, 33]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,112 | …for ptDNA may be complicated by the presence of NUPTs (nuclear sequences of plastid origin) (Roark et al. 2010; Kumar and Bendich 2011; Zheng et al. 2011), and the same difficulty may be faced in measuring mtDNA due to NUMTs (nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin) (Timmis et al.… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,113 | Of the beneficial actions of garlic, such as antitumorigenesis, antiatherosclerosis, blood sugar modulation and antibiosis, inhibition of the growth of cancer is perhaps the most notable (5). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,114 | This hypothesis was based on the evidence in the literature for significantly worse performance of adult CI users compared with adults with NH in the perception of pitch, timbre, and in the recognition of familiar melodies, as measured with music perception tests (Brockmeier et al., 2011; Kang et al., 2009; Looi, McDermott, McKay, & Hickson, 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,115 | These estimates can be used in transmission models to assess the potential effect of the intervention on a community level (Longini et al., 2004, 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,116 | …consistent with such a mechanism is supplied by the SSA studies performed in subcortical regions where the responses of adapting units are phasic, being typically restricted to the first 50 ms of the tone or less (Anderson et al., 2009; Malmierca et al., 2009; Pérez-González et al., 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,117 | Both the OS7 and OS8 lignin yields were approximately 65%, which was close to the lignin yields previously observed by Pan et al. (2006a) who employed higher temperatures and higher loadings of H2SO4 during the organosolv pretreatment. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,118 | Nucleotide sequences in databases indicate that some genes in soil bacteria genomes were originated from integration of plant genetic material (Doolittle et al., 1990; Smith et al., 1992; Wakabayashi et al., 1986). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,119 | They are scale-free, i.e., there are many nodes with few neighbors and few nodes with many neighbors, which are called hubs (Barabási et al 2011; Pavlopoulos
Communicated by: Ron AWevers
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-018-0140-0)… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,120 | that idic Y is formed by homologous crossing-over between opposing arms on sister chromatids [13]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,121 | and psychosocial adjustment from treatment including bother from side effects [4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,122 | To date, a handful of factors derived from testicular somatic cells, such as Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, and Leydig cells, have been demonstrated to influence SSC renewal, in particular glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), colony stimulating factor 1, and Wnt5a [4,5,6,7]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,123 | As expected a small number of protein bands (about a dozen) are shown in comparison to the whole proteome [19], however, when evaluated, only five proteins were detected capable of binding sub-fraction #5. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,124 | We present an implementation of Yager’s [32, 33] idea, mainly using Kacprzyk and Yager’s [7], and Kacprzyk, Yager and Zadro ny's [8, 9] extensions. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,125 | Some studies specifically acknowledge active learning (Mason et al., 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2014), and one study also names blended learning (Strayer, 2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,126 | DNA extraction in activated sludge is often carried out by the FastDNA Spin Kit for Soil [10,12,48]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,127 | For example, enumeration of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been shown to be a reliable prognostic marker for a number of cancers, including colorectal cancer and non–small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) [3, 21, 23, 24, 28]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,128 | Various theoretical accounts of this effect have been provided in the literature (see MacLeod, 1991; Aron, 2007, for reviews), but the most classical one invokes solving a conflict between the reading and naming response tendencies (Cohen et al., 1990). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,129 | The genetic map was obtained from the Rutger’s published map [2], and the PPL was computed using KELVIN. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,130 | This result is in agreement with the findings that mouse embryos homozygous for a null goosecoid allele do not have gastrulation or neural induction defects (Yamada et al., 1995; Rivera-Perez et al., 1995) and chick embryos can develop normally even when manipulated so that their organizer does not express goosecoid(Psychoyos and Stern, 1996). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,131 | The anatomic site of involvement was determined by the system reported by Knowles et al..[18] We specified lachrymal gland origin when the gland structure could be clearly recognized in the histopathological specimens. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,132 | A comparison between the findings of Krajcarski et al. (1999) and the rested values in the present study revealed similar effects of pre- load and added load on peak trunk flexion and extensor moments. The EMG activity of the trunk extensor muscles (TES and LES) had similar responses to the loading conditions, although the pre-trial LES and TES EMG amplitudes from Krajcarski et al. (1999) were about 6 to 13 %MVC larger than was found in the current study. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,133 | Other than the transfer sometime after 50,000 years ago of the Yamuna River from the Indus to the Ganges (Clift et al. 2012), the timing of specific capture events cannot be reconstructed from the terrestrial evidence alone and in many cases remains unclear or imprecise (Clift and Blusztajn 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,134 | Assessment for ALT in mouse GBM Previous characterization of human GBM has shown an association between mutations of ATRX and the maintenance of telomere length by ALT, or nontelomerase-based, pathways (1, 8). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,135 | Similar results were previously reported (Blume et al.2000; Grant and Loake 2000a, b; Grant et al. 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,136 | As a consequence, by their activities, earthworms could therefore modify metal speciation, mobility (Sizmur and Hodson, 2009) and bioavailability (Capowiez et al., 2011; Wen et al., 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,137 | …1–13, December 1, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Inc. 1
2 Cell Metabolism 22, 1–13, December 1, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Inc.
(Urakawa et al., 2006), the pro-hypertrophic effects of FGF23 on cardiac myocytes were blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of phospholipase Cg (PLCg) and calcineurin (Faul et al., 2011). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,138 | While in our case we were worried about the compatibility of the most simple updating rules of the regularization parameter with the preservation of optimal complexity results, in [16] the main concern was the determination of regularizing parameters that optimize the accuracy of the quadratic model. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,139 | In addition, pairwise linkage disequilibrium coefficients were calculated and expressed as the D9 5 D/Dmax or D/Dmin, according to Thompson et al. (1988). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,140 | These results also contradict previous studies that suggest low Fe levels contribute to ADHD symptoms [60,61]; instead supporting opposing studies that indicate Fe deficiency does not contribute to ADHD [62]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,141 | , one-bit noise [13] flips a random bit of a binary solution before evaluation with probability p. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,142 | Anticancer activities of antioxidants are investigated thoroughly revealing the most common mechanism of action as the fenton reaction in which antioxidants at higher concentrations act as oxidants to induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells (Matés and Sánchez-Jiménez 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,143 | Several edge-preserving filters (Hsieh 1998, Kachelriess et al 2001, Zhong et al 2004) have been proposed to reduce noise in CT images based on local characteristics of the projection data elements. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,144 | Following precipitation with 0.3MNaAc and 2× volume of ethanol, the RNA was treated with DNAseI (Sigma) and quantified in a NanoDrop 1000 Spectrophotometer. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,145 | Cultural and socioeconomic factors when taken into consideration might also have an impact of the patient-treatment interaction and subsequently the overall response to therapy [10]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,146 | (1996, p. 499) Kitzinger (1994, 1995) argues that interaction is the crucial feature of focus groups because the interaction between participants highlights their view of the world, the language they use about an issue and their values and beliefs about a situation. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,147 | br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late). More likely, discrepancies among results reported up to now are due to differences in vector type, transfection protocols (Bhuiyan et al., 2004), NT methods and donor cell culture conditions (Wells et al., 2003; Miyoshi et al., 2003). Furthermore, the site of gene(s) integration(s), the transgene used and its possible interference in endogenous gene expression could influence results (Hodges and Stice, 2003). Another aspect to consider is donor cell lines and genotypes, since Heyman et al. (2002) found that four different subcultures isolated from a single skin biopsy resulted in significantly different NT blastocyst rates (ranging from 5 to 30%), and Kühholzer et al. (2001) even found different morula and blastocyst rates among clonal colonies obtained from the same donor cell fetus. In our investigation of in vivo developmental capacity after transfer of NT embryos to recipient cows, we did not observe significant differences in initial pregnancy (< day 40 of gestation) rates between transfected and non-transfected donor cells, which was also reported by Zakhartchenko et al. (2001). In contrast, Forsberg et al. (2002) reported lower rates of initial pregnancy for NT of transfected cells than for NT of non-transfected cells. In our study, the small number of recipients carrying transgenic and non-transgenic cloned embryos precludes a conclusive result concerning embryo survival to term. Nevertheless, we suggest that to some extent transfection procedures negatively affect fetal viability, since non-transgenic pregnancies were miscarried during the first trimester of gestation, though one initial TFCE pregnancy (44 days of gestation) was interrupted. On the other hand, two pregnancies of the FCE group were carried to term. This is supported by the findings of... | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,148 | DGS composition was determined by the method described by Kim et al. (2008a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,149 | It appears that the initial stimulation of growth by elevated CO2 allows forests to more quickly reach the point in stand development where environmental factors (light, water, nutrients, and so on) limit canopy production, but eventually, trees growing under ambient conditions reach a similar set of limitations to growth (Körner 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,150 | We observe this effect in [23]; during training, their method can result in some members of the ensemble failing to receive any training signal. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,151 | Biobran/MGN-3 also enhances NK activity in animals, including aged mice (25) and animal bearing tumor (17,26). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,152 | Furthermore, Fan et al. (2009) also advocate using model-based choices of d, favoring smaller values in models where the response provides less information. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,153 | …control that can limit the opportunity for individuals to engage in illegal or harmful behavior; and mediate stressors that, in turn, may lead to the adoption of unhealthy coping mechanisms (Kawachi & Berkman, 2003; Link & Phelan, 1995; Sampson, 2003; Sampson, Morenoff, & Gannon-Rowley, 2002). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,154 | To confirm the presence of metastases, sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as previously described (5). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,155 | Repression of proangiogenic and metastatic factors (VEGF, bFGF, MMP2, and MMP9) was also detected in VBL-treated cancer cells (6). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,156 | Large scale climatic conditions have been shown to affect avian productivity in general (Nott et al. 2002). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,157 | Experimental as well as numerical methods were used to analyse the scenario of an RF exposed Petri dish (35 mm diameter) within a waveguide-based exposure setup at 1800 MHz (sXc-1800, Schuderer et al 2004b). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,158 | reported a better average motion ratio, but the signals also had substantially better SNR (25). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,159 | …et al., 2005) and the proposed impairment in the processing of visual oscillatory (flicker-) stimuli in HE patients (Kircheis et al., 2002; Timmermann et
al., 2008), the aim of the present study was to follow-up on these findings and characterize alterations in the behavioral CFF,… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,160 | Three papers included in our review reported treatment contrasts and their 95% confidence intervals on two scales [12-14] – most likely assuming that both analyses have the same power. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,161 | BDNF has been shown to interact with several neurotrans-
mitter systems, including the DA (Spenger et al., 1995), serotonin (5-HT) (Lyons et al., 1999; Rumajogee et al., 2002), and NPY systems (Barnea and Roberts, 2001; Nawa et al., 1993, 1994). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,162 | Comparison of testes size in lemurs and the sister taxon, the lorises, however, revealed no grade shift between the two groups of strepsirrhines in a previous study (Kappeler 1997a), making this explanation unlikely. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,163 | It uses a CFD code, LeMANS [20,21], for the continuum regions, while using the DSMC code, MONACO [22], to simulate the rarefied regions. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,164 | 2D and (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002)), led us to investigate the contribution of local and global intrinsic vascular signals to BOLD response variabilitymeasured from the bilateral sensory network across all experiments. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,165 | The impairment of mPFC in BD may be due, in part, to the symptoms of prominent cognitive and behavioral problems, including difficulties in making appropriate decisions (Minassian et al. 2004; Van der Gucht et al. 2009), which accompanied with bipolar mania. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,166 | For the implementation we worked with the existing German ParGram grammar (Dipper, 2003), which already contained a syntactic treatment of German discourse particles.7 The German grammar also already contained a basic semantic AKR component (Bobrow et al., 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,167 | Accumulating studies elucidated that intraocular angiogenic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity were also mediated at least in part through VEGF activity [1, 16]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,168 | Daptomycin is two- to fourfold more active in cationadjusted Mueller-Hinton broth containing 50 g of Ca(2) /ml than in medium containing 20 to 25 g of Ca(2) /ml, the concentration of Ca(2) presently recommended by the NCCLS (11). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,169 | Indeed, peripherally injected BC264 induced a hyperlocomotor activity in rats by increasing the extracellular levels of dopamine (Ladurelle et al. 1997) and of Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the anterior nucleus accumbens. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,170 | Recent studies have shown that adipophilin is correlated with the activated inflammatory state of monocytes in subjects with a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [22] and skin irritant cytotoxicity [23]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,171 | —The NWR from the right lower limb was investigated according to a validated method.(21) Before formal measurements were started, the subjects underwent training to familiarize them with the pain threshold assessment procedure. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,172 | Descriptive statistics are presented as means and SD or percentages. t-Tests and chi-square tests were performed to assess sex differences for PA, sedentary time, physical fitness components (BMI, push-ups, curl-ups, and sit and reach), and the overall physical fitness score. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,173 | …were reviewed by an independent radiologist regarding the degree of coronoid involvement (inclusion/ exclusion), the degree of osteoarthritis according to Broberg and Morrey (1986), and signs of prosthetic loosening according to the method developed by Popovic et al. (2007) for the proximal radius. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,174 | In addition, bone marrow transplant retinopathy can mimic radiation retinopathy, and it is not possible to distinguish the 2 retinopathies unless affected patients have a history of exposure to one (eg, radiation) and not the other (eg, bone marrow transplantation); the same predicament occurs with the coexistence of diabetic retinopathy and radiation retinopathy.(8) Diseases and treatment complications that mimic radiation retinopathy may be additive, with resultant worse radiation retinopathy than would have been the case without the systemic disease (eg, diabetes mellitus) or treatment (eg, chemotherapy). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,175 | Interestingly, the entry of non-zippering pathogens, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri, was found to be independent of clathrin (Bonazzi and Cossart, 2006), suggesting that pathogens have evolved alternate strategies to gain access to the intracellular environment. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,176 | This con®rms our and other's recent ®ndings in the rat (Porcella et al., 1998) and human (Straiker et al., 1999; Porcella et al. 2000) ciliary bodies of signi®cantly detectable levels of CB1 transcripts and proteins. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,177 | UMAC [9, 27] was introduced by Black, Halevi, Krawczyk, Krovetz and Rogaway in 1999. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,178 | The most common prebiotics used in humans are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) of different polymerization degrees (Guerreiro et al., 2016), either obtained from vegetables by hydrolysis or enzymatically synthesized (Flores-Maltos et al., 2014). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,179 | Along with proteins of the Bcl-2 family, other mitochondrial proteins are known to play a key role in mammalian cell apoptosis (Kroemer and Reed, 2000; Wang and Zhang, 2001, reviewed in Bayir and Kagan, 2008; Ola et al., 2011). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,180 | These results reinforce literature data (Dantas et al., 1999; Ibusuki and Minamishima, 1990) demonstrating the ability of CV to increase NK cells activity. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,181 | Generally, plasma homocysteine levels increase with age and are higher in males than in females (Gonzalez-Gross et al. 2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,182 | …(HPMC) (Kushida and Gotoda, 2013; Miyazaki et al., 2011) or enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) (Miyazaki et al., 2011) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) (Friesen et al., 2008; Tanno et al., 2004) have demonstrated use… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,183 | More recently, discrete-return lidar has been applied to several broad-leaved forests in North America (Popescu et al. 2003, 2004; Lim et al. 2003a; Lim and Treitz 2004). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,184 | Mammalian Derlin-1 participates in the retrotranslocation of major histocompatibility complex class I protein [21,22], and Derlin-2 and Derlin3, two other human paralogs, have been implicated in ERAD [23]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,185 | Isolation of Full-Length ACIF1 Clones
The 131-bp cDNA-AFLP fragment for ACRE189 was used as probe to screen a cDNA library established from elicited tobacco cells (Durrant et al., 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,186 | Accordingly, loss of striatal muscarinic M2/M4 / autoreceptors, a condition that causes an increase in endogenous acetylcholine (Zhang et al., 2002), impairs LTD but
not LTP (Bonsi et al., 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,187 | A couple of recent studies reported identifying large numbers of craniofacial enhancers; one study combined ChIP-seq for P300, H3K27ac, and H3K4me1 from neural crest cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (43), and the other study used ChIPseq for P300 from the whole face of E11. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,188 | For example, it is well known that translation-invariant undecimated wavelets (Coifman and Donoho, 1995) are a dramatically more effective domain than the basic fully decimated orthogonal (or biorthogonal) wavelets for denoised a signal by shrinkage; the realization of
1 This work was partially… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,189 | Our data, along with previously published findings (3, 9), suggest an additional mechanism by which the functional sarcolemmal pool of KATP channels is regulated. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,190 | The length of yeast telomeres is regulated by the duplex telomeric DNA binding protein Rap1p (reviewed by Shore, 1994). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,191 | HA monomer, consisting of two linked subunits; HA1 (~324 amino acids) and HA2 (~222 amino acids, (Webster et al., 1992), totally weighs about 60 kDa in the unglycosylated form (Sriwilaijaroen et al., 2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,192 | …demonstrated that blocking MST1/2 kinase activities with a newly identified compound, 4-((5,10-dimethyl-6-oxo-6,10-dihydro-5H-pyrimido [5,4-b]thieno[3,2-e][1,4]diazepin-2-l)amino)benzenesulfonamide (XMU-MP-1), has benefits for intestinal and liver repair and regeneration in mice (Fan et al., 2016). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,193 | The merging is based on the increase in the weighted-bycounts entropy [1] and is stopped by a threshold indicating the minimum number of training samples required to estimate a weight distribution. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,194 | Third, we used a meta-analysis technique to assemble the results of eligible studies, and the pooled results were presented in the format of quantitative data; whereas in the systematic review by Jiang et al, they only described the previous relevant studies and did not give a quantitative analysis for these studies.(13) Although studies comparing between ACDF and ACCF have been done, the optimal approach that provides better clinical effects in the treatment of CSM remains controversial. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,195 | Ligation of SIRPα by CD47 is thought to promote the tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic region of SIRPα.(20) We therefore propose that either cis or trans interaction of CD47 with SIRPα on cDCs promotes CD4 cDCs survival in secondary lymphoid organs by inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,196 | The normalized image is not processed by the log-Gabor filters that are used by IrisBEE software [13] to create the “iris code” for recognition purpose and no geometrics features are used. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,197 | Comparison of novel and annotated introns The GC content of both the novel and annotated introns sets was determined using the ‘geecee’ function within the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite (EMBOSS) (Rice et al. 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,198 | In mammals, it has been shown in vitro that glucocorticoids act at the level of the pituitary to stimulate GH gene expression [57]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,199 | Although the majority of studies examining val66met have found no association with AD (20, 25, 27-36), at least two studies have suggested higher frequencies of the val allele among patients with AD (19, 37). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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