mihirhirave/entity_extraction_ade_v2_with_validation

text stringlengths 22 455	relations listlengths 1 24
Angioedema and dysphagia caused by contact allergy to inhaled budesonide.	[ { "ade": "Angioedema", "drug": "budesonide" }, { "ade": "dysphagia", "drug": "budesonide" } ]
Two elderly women suffered an acute deterioration of renal function after treatment with cefoxitin sodium.	[ { "ade": "acute deterioration of renal function", "drug": "cefoxitin sodium" } ]
Psoriasis triggered by toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in the presence of dermal plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors.	[ { "ade": "Psoriasis", "drug": "imiquimod" } ]
We describe two cases of sulfadiazine-induced crystalluria and renal failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, review the pertinent literature, and discuss the pathogenesis.	[ { "ade": "crystalluria", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "renal failure", "drug": "sulfadiazine" } ]
We report a case of intrathecal methotrexate neurotoxicity manifesting as left arm weakness and aphasia.	[ { "ade": "aphasia", "drug": "methotrexate" }, { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "methotrexate" }, { "ade": "left arm weakness", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
A 51-yr-old nonsmoking male patient without any history of previous allergies, asthma, hay fever, or urticaria developed attacks of asthma when captopril was added to the nadolol and dyazide treatment for his high blood pressure.	[ { "ade": "attacks of asthma", "drug": "nadolol" }, { "ade": "attacks of asthma", "drug": "dyazide" }, { "ade": "attacks of asthma", "drug": "captopril" } ]
However, we recently saw two patients with renal tuberculosis treated with ethambutol in whom visual loss from toxic optic neuropathies was severe and irreversible despite careful ophthalmological monitoring and prompt discontinuation of the agent at the first sign of impaired visual function.	[ { "ade": "toxic optic neuropathies", "drug": "ethambutol" }, { "ade": "visual loss", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]
Reversible methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder resembling advanced gastric cancer in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.	[ { "ade": "lymphoproliferative disorder", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
Acute unilateral total visual loss after retrogasserian phenol injection for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a case report.	[ { "ade": "Acute unilateral total visual loss", "drug": "phenol" } ]
Clinical, spectroscopic, and imaging abnormalities resolved with discontinuation of metronidazole.	[ { "ade": "Clinical, spectroscopic, and imaging abnormalities", "drug": "metronidazole" } ]
We present a case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome that developed during the 4th cycle of combination chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.	[ { "ade": "hemolytic-uremic syndrome", "drug": "oxaliplatin" }, { "ade": "hemolytic-uremic syndrome", "drug": "leucovorin" }, { "ade": "hemolytic-uremic syndrome", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]
Abnormalities of the pupil and visual-evoked potential in quinine amblyopia.	[ { "ade": "amblyopia", "drug": "quinine" }, { "ade": "Abnormalities of the pupil", "drug": "quinine" } ]
We report two patients with infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome induced by salazosulfapyridine (SASP).	[ { "ade": "infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome", "drug": "SASP" }, { "ade": "infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome", "drug": "salazosulfapyridine" } ]
Terlipressin-induced ventricular arrhythmia.	[ { "ade": "ventricular arrhythmia", "drug": "Terlipressin" } ]
After reviewing the literature we suggest the CPM was a complication of lithium toxicity which affected the lateral geniculate nucleus which produced blindness.	[ { "ade": "blindness", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "CPM", "drug": "lithium" } ]
It has been reported that fluoroquinolone antimicrobials prolong the corrected QT interval but rarely cause torsade de pointes.	[ { "ade": "torsade de pointes", "drug": "fluoroquinolone" } ]
We believe that this is the first report of secretory carcinoma of the endometrium associated with tamoxifen use.	[ { "ade": "secretory carcinoma of the endometrium", "drug": "tamoxifen" } ]
Several case reports of aplastic anemia with use of acetazolamide, and two cases with use of methazolamide, have appeared in the literature.	[ { "ade": "aplastic anemia", "drug": "acetazolamide" }, { "ade": "aplastic anemia", "drug": "methazolamide" } ]
Ptosis occurring 24 h after chloroquine therapy, with full recovery 48 h after cessation of chloroquine, has not been described previously.	[ { "ade": "Ptosis", "drug": "chloroquine" } ]
Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis in corticosteroid--treated patients.	[ { "ade": "Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis", "drug": "corticosteroid" } ]
Neurotoxicity of valacyclovir in peritoneal dialysis: a pharmacokinetic study.	[ { "ade": "Neurotoxicity", "drug": "valacyclovir" } ]
The dose-limiting toxicity of KW-2149 is pulmonary toxicity.	[ { "ade": "pulmonary toxicity", "drug": "KW-2149" } ]
Five months after initiating mirtazapine therapy, she developed symptomatic hyponatremia.	[ { "ade": "symptomatic hyponatremia", "drug": "mirtazapine" } ]
We suggest that sarcoidosis may develop in chronic hepatitis C patients during interferon alpha and/or ribavirin treatment, and diagnostic tests for this adverse effect should be performed during the follow-ups.	[ { "ade": "sarcoidosis", "drug": "interferon alpha" }, { "ade": "sarcoidosis", "drug": "ribavirin" } ]
Metabolic acidosis induced by cetrimide-chlorhexidine solution in hydatid cyst surgery.	[ { "ade": "Metabolic acidosis", "drug": "chlorhexidine" }, { "ade": "Metabolic acidosis", "drug": "cetrimide" } ]
The major side effect of infliximab is infection.	[ { "ade": "infection", "drug": "infliximab" } ]
We conclude that vincristine and actinomycin D were the cause of this rare from of hepatotoxicity and that chemotherapy for the underlying malignant disease could be given safely after clinical recovery.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "vincristine" }, { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "actinomycin D" } ]
Carbamazepine-induced systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease.	[ { "ade": "systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease", "drug": "Carbamazepine" } ]
Thrombocytosis under ciprofloxacin and tazobactam/piperacillin.	[ { "ade": "Thrombocytosis", "drug": "tazobactam" }, { "ade": "Thrombocytosis", "drug": "piperacillin" }, { "ade": "Thrombocytosis", "drug": "ciprofloxacin" } ]
A 17-year-old boy with refractory psoriatic arthritis and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency who developed a syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction after 9 months of therapy with infliximab and leflunomide is described.	[ { "ade": "syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "leflunomide" }, { "ade": "syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "infliximab" } ]
This case study describes an atypical case of refractory, sodium warfarin-induced necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis.	[ { "ade": "myonecrosis", "drug": "sodium warfarin" }, { "ade": "necrotizing fasciitis", "drug": "sodium warfarin" } ]
Severe histological osteomalacia developed in a woman with Crohn's disease 2 years after ileal resection and the start of cholestyramine therapy.	[ { "ade": "osteomalacia", "drug": "cholestyramine" } ]
Zidovudine induced pure red cell aplasia: a case report.	[ { "ade": "pure red cell aplasia", "drug": "Zidovudine" } ]
In view of our experience in the present case, it should be stressed that close monitoring of coagulation capacity is necessary in critically ill patients in order to avoid fatal haemorrhage after initiating warfarin therapy regardless of the dosage.	[ { "ade": "fatal haemorrhage", "drug": "warfarin" } ]
L-Carnitine supplementation has been recommended to prevent the fatal hepatotoxic effects associated with valproic acid.	[ { "ade": "fatal hepatotoxic effects", "drug": "valproic acid" } ]
The association between heparin and priapism is often recognized; abnormal platelet aggregation could play a role in the pathogenesis of this side effect.	[ { "ade": "priapism", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "abnormal platelet aggregation", "drug": "heparin" } ]
Red blood cell anemia in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris induced by the use of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone.	[ { "ade": "Red blood cell anemia", "drug": "prednisone" }, { "ade": "Red blood cell anemia", "drug": "mycophenolate mofetil" } ]
Cardiac decompensation following verapamil therapy in infants with supraventricular tachycardia.	[ { "ade": "Cardiac decompensation", "drug": "verapamil" } ]
We propose a mechanism of vancomycin-induced mast cell degranulation and subsequent release of eosinophil chemotactic factor as a cause of CSFE.	[ { "ade": "CSFE", "drug": "vancomycin" } ]
We report a patient who developed acute pancreatitis during amiodarone therapy.	[ { "ade": "acute pancreatitis", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]
The neurotoxicity seen with HDARAC is dose-related and has occurred in up to 60 percent of treated patients.	[ { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "HDARAC" } ]
PURPOSE: A case of probable enoxaparin-induced hepatotoxicity is described.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "enoxaparin" } ]
Renal toxicities have been reported in less than one percent of the patients receiving ciprofloxacin therapy.	[ { "ade": "Renal toxicities", "drug": "ciprofloxacin" } ]
After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.	[ { "ade": "lost consciousness", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "lost consciousness", "drug": "cresol" }, { "ade": "respiratory and metabolic acidosis", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "increasing myalgia", "drug": "cresol" }, { "ade": "respiratory and metabolic acidosis", "drug": "cresol" }, { "ade": "high fever", "drug": "cresol" }, { "ade": "increasing myalgia", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "high fever", "drug": "insulin" } ]
Two of our patients developed TD after 23 months and 34 months of ziprasidone monotherapy, respectively.	[ { "ade": "TD", "drug": "ziprasidone" } ]
Iatrogenic hypercalcemia due to vitamin D3 ointment (1,24(OH)2D3) combined with thiazide diuretics in a case of psoriasis.	[ { "ade": "hypercalcemia", "drug": "thiazide" }, { "ade": "hypercalcemia", "drug": "1,24(OH)2D3" }, { "ade": "hypercalcemia", "drug": "vitamin D3" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: The observation that neurotoxicity developed with a delay of 24 to 48 hours after acyclovir peak serum concentrations could explain the wide range of acyclovir levels reported in similar cases.	[ { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "acyclovir" } ]
Although the literature on the use of risperidone in elderly patients with dementia consists largely of uncontrolled trials, case reports, and chart reviews, it appears that this agent is effective for managing agitation in this population and does so with a low frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).	[ { "ade": "EPS", "drug": "risperidone" }, { "ade": "extrapyramidal symptoms", "drug": "risperidone" } ]
However, to our knowledge, in newborns there have been no reported cases to date of thrombocytosis induced by enoxaparin.	[ { "ade": "thrombocytosis", "drug": "enoxaparin" } ]
CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with rifabutin may have a reversible and previously undescribed side-effect on retinal function.	[ { "ade": "side-effect on retinal function", "drug": "rifabutin" } ]
During intravenous treatment with terlipressin for recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, a 50-year-old male with no history of heart disease developed a newly prolonged QT interval and torsade de pointes.	[ { "ade": "torsade de pointes", "drug": "terlipressin" }, { "ade": "prolonged QT interval", "drug": "terlipressin" } ]
Musculoskeletal complaints were the presenting symptoms in four of 44 children (9%) treated for relapsed Wilms' tumors with ifosfamide, a derivative of cyclophosphamide.	[ { "ade": "Musculoskeletal complaints", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" }, { "ade": "Musculoskeletal complaints", "drug": "ifosfamide" } ]
We describe a 10-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis who developed acute pancreatitis while on long-term treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid.	[ { "ade": "acute pancreatitis", "drug": "5-aminosalicylic acid" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: We present a case of a patient with CML who developed KS 12 months after starting treatment with imatinib 400 mg/d.	[ { "ade": "KS", "drug": "imatinib" } ]
Fulminant hepatic failure developed in a 24-year-old black woman who had been treated with propylthiouracil and propranolol for hyperthyroidism.	[ { "ade": "Fulminant hepatic failure", "drug": "propylthiouracil" }, { "ade": "Fulminant hepatic failure", "drug": "propranolol" } ]
We report a case of long lasting respiratory depression after intravenous administration of morphine to a 7 year old girl with haemolytic uraemic syndrome.	[ { "ade": "respiratory depression", "drug": "morphine" } ]
Response of a promethazine-induced coma to flumazenil.	[ { "ade": "coma", "drug": "promethazine" } ]
We report an 82-year-old man who developed ventricular tachycardia and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) after oral administration of garenoxacin, a novel quinolone antibiotic agent that differs from the third-generation quinolones, for pneumonia.	[ { "ade": "Torsades de Pointes", "drug": "garenoxacin" }, { "ade": "TdP", "drug": "garenoxacin" }, { "ade": "ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "garenoxacin" } ]
On day 7 of linezolid treatment, the patient developed severe pruritus, macular rash, facial edema, eosinophilia, marked increase in serum creatinine level, and mild hepatitis.	[ { "ade": "facial edema", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "marked increase in serum creatinine level", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "eosinophilia", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "severe pruritus", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "mild hepatitis", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "macular rash", "drug": "linezolid" } ]
Hyponatremia in patients treated with lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug.	[ { "ade": "Hyponatremia", "drug": "lorcainide" } ]
According to the Naranjo probability scale, the relationship of gemcitabine treatment with cutaneous eruption in our patient is possible.	[ { "ade": "cutaneous eruption", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]
This report describes an individual with mental retardation who experienced behavioral exacerbation associated with clonazepam prescribed at 2 mg/day (0.02 mg/kg/day) to treat aggression, self-injurious behavior, property destruction, and screaming, which was measured with a 15-minute partial interval recording measurement method.	[ { "ade": "behavioral exacerbation", "drug": "clonazepam" } ]
Special care should be taken when pulmonary symptoms appear in association with ticlopidine treatment.	[ { "ade": "pulmonary symptoms", "drug": "ticlopidine" } ]
OBJECTIVE: To report the first five cases of amphotericin B overdose with secondary cardiac complications in a pediatric population.	[ { "ade": "cardiac complications", "drug": "amphotericin B" } ]
We present four cases in which the use of heparin was associated with hyperkalemia and discuss the pathophysiology.	[ { "ade": "hyperkalemia", "drug": "heparin" } ]
Mineral oil, a hydrocarbon, may not elicit a normal protective cough reflex and may impair mucociliary transport.	[ { "ade": "impair mucociliary transport", "drug": "Mineral oil" } ]
We describe a detailed case of fulminant hepatitis induced by nevirapine (Viramune) and treated by liver transplantation.	[ { "ade": "fulminant hepatitis", "drug": "Viramune" }, { "ade": "fulminant hepatitis", "drug": "nevirapine" } ]
We describe a case of subcutaneous metastasis along the needle track after percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.	[ { "ade": "subcutaneous metastasis", "drug": "ethanol" } ]
A depressed woman with no history of bipolar illness developed a manic episode during treatment with fluoxetine.	[ { "ade": "manic episode", "drug": "fluoxetine" } ]
Corneal endothelial deposits associated with rifabutin use.	[ { "ade": "Corneal endothelial deposits", "drug": "rifabutin" } ]
A patient receiving vancomycin for a serious staphylococcal infection had a lupus-like syndrome characterized by a malar rash, pain and erythema of the cartilage of both ears, and tender erythematous and hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips.	[ { "ade": "tender erythematous", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "lupus-like syndrome", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "pain", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "malar rash", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "erythema of the cartilage of both ears", "drug": "vancomycin" } ]
Four years after the beginning of IFN therapy, he acutely developed moderate hyperglycemia and severe ketonuria with positive islet cell antibody, and then 28 units/day of insulin injection was started.	[ { "ade": "severe ketonuria", "drug": "IFN" }, { "ade": "moderate hyperglycemia", "drug": "IFN" } ]
We describe a 5-year-old girl showed recovery of vincristine induced cranial polyneuropathy with pyridoxine and pyridostigmine treatment.	[ { "ade": "cranial polyneuropathy", "drug": "vincristine" } ]
Cimetidine is a rare cause of drug-induced fever.	[ { "ade": "fever", "drug": "Cimetidine" } ]
In the absence of mucositis or diarrhea, severe dermatologic toxicity following a single low dose of the drug suggests an 'allergic' or acute hypersensitivity reaction to MTX in this patient.	[ { "ade": "severe dermatologic toxicity", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "acute hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "MTX" } ]
Most cases of pancreatitis associated with L-asparaginase toxicity are self-limiting and respond favorably to nasogastric decompression and intravenous hyperalimentation.	[ { "ade": "pancreatitis", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis induced by intraarterial vasopressin therapy.	[ { "ade": "bacterial peritonitis", "drug": "vasopressin" } ]
Neurological side effects in two patients receiving gold injections for rheumatoid arthritis.	[ { "ade": "Neurological side effects", "drug": "gold" } ]
Taxane-induced glaucoma.	[ { "ade": "glaucoma", "drug": "Taxane" } ]
Drug-induced fever due to diltiazem.	[ { "ade": "fever", "drug": "diltiazem" } ]
Prior to surgery, levodopa induced dyskinesia had improved (< or = 50%) under treatment with amantadine (400 mg/day, po) in all three patients.	[ { "ade": "dyskinesia", "drug": "levodopa" } ]
Photo-onycholysis caused by olanzapine and aripiprazole.	[ { "ade": "Photo-onycholysis", "drug": "olanzapine" }, { "ade": "Photo-onycholysis", "drug": "aripiprazole" } ]
We describe a patient who experienced chronic nausea and an episode of confusion while treated with a small, stable dose of oral morphine in the setting of mild renal insufficiency.	[ { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "morphine" }, { "ade": "chronic nausea", "drug": "morphine" } ]
Administration of steroid and decreasing the dose of PTU produced a good clinical response and the ANCA disappeared.	[ { "ade": "ANCA", "drug": "PTU" } ]
In this report, a patient who had undergone a renal transplantation as a result of malignant hypertension, and who was on immunosuppressive therapy consisting of cyclosporin, prednisone and azathioprine, developed thrombosis of the central retinal vein 5 years following the transplantation.	[ { "ade": "thrombosis", "drug": "prednisone" }, { "ade": "thrombosis", "drug": "cyclosporin" }, { "ade": "thrombosis", "drug": "azathioprine" } ]
BACKGROUND: How to best treat psychotic patients who have had past clozapine-induced agranulocytosis or granulocytopenia remains a problem.	[ { "ade": "granulocytopenia", "drug": "clozapine" } ]
Transient asymptomatic bradycardia in patients on infusional 5-fluorouracil.	[ { "ade": "Transient asymptomatic bradycardia", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]
INTRODUCTION: In resource limited settings patients on antiretroviral treatment who develop stavudine induced hyperlactatemia are often switched to zidovudine on the basis of published studies that demonstrate that this agent can be a safe alternative.	[ { "ade": "hyperlactatemia", "drug": "stavudine" } ]
With the first cyclosporine dose, the patient complained of leg pain that was most severe during the cyclosporine infusion.	[ { "ade": "leg pain", "drug": "cyclosporine" } ]
Triazolam-induced nocturnal bingeing with amnesia.	[ { "ade": "amnesia", "drug": "Triazolam" }, { "ade": "nocturnal bingeing", "drug": "Triazolam" } ]
Acute renal failure with severe tubulointerstitial changes in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome treated with enalapril.	[ { "ade": "severe tubulointerstitial changes", "drug": "enalapril" }, { "ade": "Acute renal failure", "drug": "enalapril" } ]
Valproate embryopathy in three sets of siblings: further proof of hereditary susceptibility.	[ { "ade": "Valproate embryopathy", "drug": "Valproate" } ]
Mechanisms and triggering factors of hypoglycaemia induced by mefloquine and some other anti-malarial quinine analogues are discussed.	[ { "ade": "hypoglycaemia", "drug": "mefloquine" } ]
Putaminal infarct in methanol intoxication: case report and role of brain imaging studies.	[ { "ade": "Putaminal infarct", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "methanol intoxication", "drug": "methanol" } ]
We present a case of ethylenediamine-induced delayed hypersensitivity reaction in a 46-year-old woman who received parenteral aminophylline for an acute asthma exacerbation.	[ { "ade": "delayed hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "aminophylline" }, { "ade": "delayed hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "ethylenediamine" } ]
A study following large patient groups on theophylline and a combination of theophylline and steroids might clarify the risk of ulcer formation in patients being treated with these medications for asthma.	[ { "ade": "ulcer", "drug": "theophylline" } ]
An 8-year-old girl, who had been vaccinated with BCG without subsequent regional reactions, developed osteomyelitis in the left calcaneus 7 months later.	[ { "ade": "osteomyelitis in the left calcaneus", "drug": "BCG" } ]
Tardive dyskinesia induced by sulpiride.	[ { "ade": "Tardive dyskinesia", "drug": "sulpiride" } ]
We have seen a case of terminal malignant melanoma in which clinical manifestations, indicative of anterior spinal artery syndrome, developed following the injection of 0.3 ml of 10% phenol-glycerine into the cervical subarachnoid space at the C4--C5 level for the control of severe right arm pain.	[ { "ade": "anterior spinal artery syndrome", "drug": "phenol-glycerine" } ]
CONCLUSION: Atovaquone should be added to the list of agents causing vortex keratopathy involving the corneal epithelium.	[ { "ade": "vortex keratopathy", "drug": "Atovaquone" } ]

Angioedema and dysphagia caused by contact allergy to inhaled budesonide.

[ { "ade": "Angioedema", "drug": "budesonide" }, { "ade": "dysphagia", "drug": "budesonide" } ]

Two elderly women suffered an acute deterioration of renal function after treatment with cefoxitin sodium.

[ { "ade": "acute deterioration of renal function", "drug": "cefoxitin sodium" } ]

Psoriasis triggered by toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in the presence of dermal plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors.

[ { "ade": "Psoriasis", "drug": "imiquimod" } ]

We describe two cases of sulfadiazine-induced crystalluria and renal failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, review the pertinent literature, and discuss the pathogenesis.

[ { "ade": "crystalluria", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "renal failure", "drug": "sulfadiazine" } ]

We report a case of intrathecal methotrexate neurotoxicity manifesting as left arm weakness and aphasia.

[ { "ade": "aphasia", "drug": "methotrexate" }, { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "methotrexate" }, { "ade": "left arm weakness", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

A 51-yr-old nonsmoking male patient without any history of previous allergies, asthma, hay fever, or urticaria developed attacks of asthma when captopril was added to the nadolol and dyazide treatment for his high blood pressure.

[ { "ade": "attacks of asthma", "drug": "nadolol" }, { "ade": "attacks of asthma", "drug": "dyazide" }, { "ade": "attacks of asthma", "drug": "captopril" } ]

However, we recently saw two patients with renal tuberculosis treated with ethambutol in whom visual loss from toxic optic neuropathies was severe and irreversible despite careful ophthalmological monitoring and prompt discontinuation of the agent at the first sign of impaired visual function.

[ { "ade": "toxic optic neuropathies", "drug": "ethambutol" }, { "ade": "visual loss", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]

Reversible methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder resembling advanced gastric cancer in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

[ { "ade": "lymphoproliferative disorder", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

Acute unilateral total visual loss after retrogasserian phenol injection for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a case report.

[ { "ade": "Acute unilateral total visual loss", "drug": "phenol" } ]

Clinical, spectroscopic, and imaging abnormalities resolved with discontinuation of metronidazole.

[ { "ade": "Clinical, spectroscopic, and imaging abnormalities", "drug": "metronidazole" } ]

We present a case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome that developed during the 4th cycle of combination chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.

[ { "ade": "hemolytic-uremic syndrome", "drug": "oxaliplatin" }, { "ade": "hemolytic-uremic syndrome", "drug": "leucovorin" }, { "ade": "hemolytic-uremic syndrome", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]

Abnormalities of the pupil and visual-evoked potential in quinine amblyopia.

[ { "ade": "amblyopia", "drug": "quinine" }, { "ade": "Abnormalities of the pupil", "drug": "quinine" } ]

We report two patients with infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome induced by salazosulfapyridine (SASP).

[ { "ade": "infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome", "drug": "SASP" }, { "ade": "infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome", "drug": "salazosulfapyridine" } ]

Terlipressin-induced ventricular arrhythmia.

[ { "ade": "ventricular arrhythmia", "drug": "Terlipressin" } ]

After reviewing the literature we suggest the CPM was a complication of lithium toxicity which affected the lateral geniculate nucleus which produced blindness.

[ { "ade": "blindness", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "CPM", "drug": "lithium" } ]

It has been reported that fluoroquinolone antimicrobials prolong the corrected QT interval but rarely cause torsade de pointes.

[ { "ade": "torsade de pointes", "drug": "fluoroquinolone" } ]

We believe that this is the first report of secretory carcinoma of the endometrium associated with tamoxifen use.

[ { "ade": "secretory carcinoma of the endometrium", "drug": "tamoxifen" } ]

Several case reports of aplastic anemia with use of acetazolamide, and two cases with use of methazolamide, have appeared in the literature.

[ { "ade": "aplastic anemia", "drug": "acetazolamide" }, { "ade": "aplastic anemia", "drug": "methazolamide" } ]

Ptosis occurring 24 h after chloroquine therapy, with full recovery 48 h after cessation of chloroquine, has not been described previously.

[ { "ade": "Ptosis", "drug": "chloroquine" } ]

Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis in corticosteroid--treated patients.

[ { "ade": "Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis", "drug": "corticosteroid" } ]

Neurotoxicity of valacyclovir in peritoneal dialysis: a pharmacokinetic study.

[ { "ade": "Neurotoxicity", "drug": "valacyclovir" } ]

The dose-limiting toxicity of KW-2149 is pulmonary toxicity.

[ { "ade": "pulmonary toxicity", "drug": "KW-2149" } ]

Five months after initiating mirtazapine therapy, she developed symptomatic hyponatremia.

[ { "ade": "symptomatic hyponatremia", "drug": "mirtazapine" } ]

We suggest that sarcoidosis may develop in chronic hepatitis C patients during interferon alpha and/or ribavirin treatment, and diagnostic tests for this adverse effect should be performed during the follow-ups.

[ { "ade": "sarcoidosis", "drug": "interferon alpha" }, { "ade": "sarcoidosis", "drug": "ribavirin" } ]

Metabolic acidosis induced by cetrimide-chlorhexidine solution in hydatid cyst surgery.

[ { "ade": "Metabolic acidosis", "drug": "chlorhexidine" }, { "ade": "Metabolic acidosis", "drug": "cetrimide" } ]

The major side effect of infliximab is infection.

[ { "ade": "infection", "drug": "infliximab" } ]

We conclude that vincristine and actinomycin D were the cause of this rare from of hepatotoxicity and that chemotherapy for the underlying malignant disease could be given safely after clinical recovery.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "vincristine" }, { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "actinomycin D" } ]

Carbamazepine-induced systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease.

[ { "ade": "systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease", "drug": "Carbamazepine" } ]

Thrombocytosis under ciprofloxacin and tazobactam/piperacillin.

[ { "ade": "Thrombocytosis", "drug": "tazobactam" }, { "ade": "Thrombocytosis", "drug": "piperacillin" }, { "ade": "Thrombocytosis", "drug": "ciprofloxacin" } ]

A 17-year-old boy with refractory psoriatic arthritis and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency who developed a syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction after 9 months of therapy with infliximab and leflunomide is described.

[ { "ade": "syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "leflunomide" }, { "ade": "syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "infliximab" } ]

This case study describes an atypical case of refractory, sodium warfarin-induced necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis.

[ { "ade": "myonecrosis", "drug": "sodium warfarin" }, { "ade": "necrotizing fasciitis", "drug": "sodium warfarin" } ]

Severe histological osteomalacia developed in a woman with Crohn's disease 2 years after ileal resection and the start of cholestyramine therapy.

[ { "ade": "osteomalacia", "drug": "cholestyramine" } ]

Zidovudine induced pure red cell aplasia: a case report.

[ { "ade": "pure red cell aplasia", "drug": "Zidovudine" } ]

In view of our experience in the present case, it should be stressed that close monitoring of coagulation capacity is necessary in critically ill patients in order to avoid fatal haemorrhage after initiating warfarin therapy regardless of the dosage.

[ { "ade": "fatal haemorrhage", "drug": "warfarin" } ]

L-Carnitine supplementation has been recommended to prevent the fatal hepatotoxic effects associated with valproic acid.

[ { "ade": "fatal hepatotoxic effects", "drug": "valproic acid" } ]

The association between heparin and priapism is often recognized; abnormal platelet aggregation could play a role in the pathogenesis of this side effect.

[ { "ade": "priapism", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "abnormal platelet aggregation", "drug": "heparin" } ]

Red blood cell anemia in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris induced by the use of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone.

[ { "ade": "Red blood cell anemia", "drug": "prednisone" }, { "ade": "Red blood cell anemia", "drug": "mycophenolate mofetil" } ]

Cardiac decompensation following verapamil therapy in infants with supraventricular tachycardia.

[ { "ade": "Cardiac decompensation", "drug": "verapamil" } ]

We propose a mechanism of vancomycin-induced mast cell degranulation and subsequent release of eosinophil chemotactic factor as a cause of CSFE.

[ { "ade": "CSFE", "drug": "vancomycin" } ]

We report a patient who developed acute pancreatitis during amiodarone therapy.

[ { "ade": "acute pancreatitis", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]

The neurotoxicity seen with HDARAC is dose-related and has occurred in up to 60 percent of treated patients.

[ { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "HDARAC" } ]

PURPOSE: A case of probable enoxaparin-induced hepatotoxicity is described.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "enoxaparin" } ]

Renal toxicities have been reported in less than one percent of the patients receiving ciprofloxacin therapy.

[ { "ade": "Renal toxicities", "drug": "ciprofloxacin" } ]

After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.

[ { "ade": "lost consciousness", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "lost consciousness", "drug": "cresol" }, { "ade": "respiratory and metabolic acidosis", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "increasing myalgia", "drug": "cresol" }, { "ade": "respiratory and metabolic acidosis", "drug": "cresol" }, { "ade": "high fever", "drug": "cresol" }, { "ade": "increasing myalgia", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "high fever", "drug": "insulin" } ]

Two of our patients developed TD after 23 months and 34 months of ziprasidone monotherapy, respectively.

[ { "ade": "TD", "drug": "ziprasidone" } ]

Iatrogenic hypercalcemia due to vitamin D3 ointment (1,24(OH)2D3) combined with thiazide diuretics in a case of psoriasis.

[ { "ade": "hypercalcemia", "drug": "thiazide" }, { "ade": "hypercalcemia", "drug": "1,24(OH)2D3" }, { "ade": "hypercalcemia", "drug": "vitamin D3" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: The observation that neurotoxicity developed with a delay of 24 to 48 hours after acyclovir peak serum concentrations could explain the wide range of acyclovir levels reported in similar cases.

[ { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "acyclovir" } ]

Although the literature on the use of risperidone in elderly patients with dementia consists largely of uncontrolled trials, case reports, and chart reviews, it appears that this agent is effective for managing agitation in this population and does so with a low frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

[ { "ade": "EPS", "drug": "risperidone" }, { "ade": "extrapyramidal symptoms", "drug": "risperidone" } ]

However, to our knowledge, in newborns there have been no reported cases to date of thrombocytosis induced by enoxaparin.

[ { "ade": "thrombocytosis", "drug": "enoxaparin" } ]

CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with rifabutin may have a reversible and previously undescribed side-effect on retinal function.

[ { "ade": "side-effect on retinal function", "drug": "rifabutin" } ]

During intravenous treatment with terlipressin for recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, a 50-year-old male with no history of heart disease developed a newly prolonged QT interval and torsade de pointes.

[ { "ade": "torsade de pointes", "drug": "terlipressin" }, { "ade": "prolonged QT interval", "drug": "terlipressin" } ]

Musculoskeletal complaints were the presenting symptoms in four of 44 children (9%) treated for relapsed Wilms' tumors with ifosfamide, a derivative of cyclophosphamide.

[ { "ade": "Musculoskeletal complaints", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" }, { "ade": "Musculoskeletal complaints", "drug": "ifosfamide" } ]

We describe a 10-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis who developed acute pancreatitis while on long-term treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid.

[ { "ade": "acute pancreatitis", "drug": "5-aminosalicylic acid" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: We present a case of a patient with CML who developed KS 12 months after starting treatment with imatinib 400 mg/d.

[ { "ade": "KS", "drug": "imatinib" } ]

Fulminant hepatic failure developed in a 24-year-old black woman who had been treated with propylthiouracil and propranolol for hyperthyroidism.

[ { "ade": "Fulminant hepatic failure", "drug": "propylthiouracil" }, { "ade": "Fulminant hepatic failure", "drug": "propranolol" } ]

We report a case of long lasting respiratory depression after intravenous administration of morphine to a 7 year old girl with haemolytic uraemic syndrome.

[ { "ade": "respiratory depression", "drug": "morphine" } ]

Response of a promethazine-induced coma to flumazenil.

[ { "ade": "coma", "drug": "promethazine" } ]

We report an 82-year-old man who developed ventricular tachycardia and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) after oral administration of garenoxacin, a novel quinolone antibiotic agent that differs from the third-generation quinolones, for pneumonia.

[ { "ade": "Torsades de Pointes", "drug": "garenoxacin" }, { "ade": "TdP", "drug": "garenoxacin" }, { "ade": "ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "garenoxacin" } ]

On day 7 of linezolid treatment, the patient developed severe pruritus, macular rash, facial edema, eosinophilia, marked increase in serum creatinine level, and mild hepatitis.

[ { "ade": "facial edema", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "marked increase in serum creatinine level", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "eosinophilia", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "severe pruritus", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "mild hepatitis", "drug": "linezolid" }, { "ade": "macular rash", "drug": "linezolid" } ]

Hyponatremia in patients treated with lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug.

[ { "ade": "Hyponatremia", "drug": "lorcainide" } ]

According to the Naranjo probability scale, the relationship of gemcitabine treatment with cutaneous eruption in our patient is possible.

[ { "ade": "cutaneous eruption", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]

This report describes an individual with mental retardation who experienced behavioral exacerbation associated with clonazepam prescribed at 2 mg/day (0.02 mg/kg/day) to treat aggression, self-injurious behavior, property destruction, and screaming, which was measured with a 15-minute partial interval recording measurement method.

[ { "ade": "behavioral exacerbation", "drug": "clonazepam" } ]

Special care should be taken when pulmonary symptoms appear in association with ticlopidine treatment.

[ { "ade": "pulmonary symptoms", "drug": "ticlopidine" } ]

OBJECTIVE: To report the first five cases of amphotericin B overdose with secondary cardiac complications in a pediatric population.

[ { "ade": "cardiac complications", "drug": "amphotericin B" } ]

We present four cases in which the use of heparin was associated with hyperkalemia and discuss the pathophysiology.

[ { "ade": "hyperkalemia", "drug": "heparin" } ]

Mineral oil, a hydrocarbon, may not elicit a normal protective cough reflex and may impair mucociliary transport.

[ { "ade": "impair mucociliary transport", "drug": "Mineral oil" } ]

We describe a detailed case of fulminant hepatitis induced by nevirapine (Viramune) and treated by liver transplantation.

[ { "ade": "fulminant hepatitis", "drug": "Viramune" }, { "ade": "fulminant hepatitis", "drug": "nevirapine" } ]

We describe a case of subcutaneous metastasis along the needle track after percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

[ { "ade": "subcutaneous metastasis", "drug": "ethanol" } ]

A depressed woman with no history of bipolar illness developed a manic episode during treatment with fluoxetine.

[ { "ade": "manic episode", "drug": "fluoxetine" } ]

Corneal endothelial deposits associated with rifabutin use.

[ { "ade": "Corneal endothelial deposits", "drug": "rifabutin" } ]

A patient receiving vancomycin for a serious staphylococcal infection had a lupus-like syndrome characterized by a malar rash, pain and erythema of the cartilage of both ears, and tender erythematous and hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips.

[ { "ade": "tender erythematous", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "lupus-like syndrome", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "pain", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "malar rash", "drug": "vancomycin" }, { "ade": "erythema of the cartilage of both ears", "drug": "vancomycin" } ]

Four years after the beginning of IFN therapy, he acutely developed moderate hyperglycemia and severe ketonuria with positive islet cell antibody, and then 28 units/day of insulin injection was started.

[ { "ade": "severe ketonuria", "drug": "IFN" }, { "ade": "moderate hyperglycemia", "drug": "IFN" } ]

We describe a 5-year-old girl showed recovery of vincristine induced cranial polyneuropathy with pyridoxine and pyridostigmine treatment.

[ { "ade": "cranial polyneuropathy", "drug": "vincristine" } ]

Cimetidine is a rare cause of drug-induced fever.

[ { "ade": "fever", "drug": "Cimetidine" } ]

In the absence of mucositis or diarrhea, severe dermatologic toxicity following a single low dose of the drug suggests an 'allergic' or acute hypersensitivity reaction to MTX in this patient.

[ { "ade": "severe dermatologic toxicity", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "acute hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "MTX" } ]

Most cases of pancreatitis associated with L-asparaginase toxicity are self-limiting and respond favorably to nasogastric decompression and intravenous hyperalimentation.

[ { "ade": "pancreatitis", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis induced by intraarterial vasopressin therapy.

[ { "ade": "bacterial peritonitis", "drug": "vasopressin" } ]

Neurological side effects in two patients receiving gold injections for rheumatoid arthritis.

[ { "ade": "Neurological side effects", "drug": "gold" } ]

Taxane-induced glaucoma.

[ { "ade": "glaucoma", "drug": "Taxane" } ]

Drug-induced fever due to diltiazem.

[ { "ade": "fever", "drug": "diltiazem" } ]

Prior to surgery, levodopa induced dyskinesia had improved (< or = 50%) under treatment with amantadine (400 mg/day, po) in all three patients.

[ { "ade": "dyskinesia", "drug": "levodopa" } ]

Photo-onycholysis caused by olanzapine and aripiprazole.

[ { "ade": "Photo-onycholysis", "drug": "olanzapine" }, { "ade": "Photo-onycholysis", "drug": "aripiprazole" } ]

We describe a patient who experienced chronic nausea and an episode of confusion while treated with a small, stable dose of oral morphine in the setting of mild renal insufficiency.

[ { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "morphine" }, { "ade": "chronic nausea", "drug": "morphine" } ]

Administration of steroid and decreasing the dose of PTU produced a good clinical response and the ANCA disappeared.

[ { "ade": "ANCA", "drug": "PTU" } ]

In this report, a patient who had undergone a renal transplantation as a result of malignant hypertension, and who was on immunosuppressive therapy consisting of cyclosporin, prednisone and azathioprine, developed thrombosis of the central retinal vein 5 years following the transplantation.

[ { "ade": "thrombosis", "drug": "prednisone" }, { "ade": "thrombosis", "drug": "cyclosporin" }, { "ade": "thrombosis", "drug": "azathioprine" } ]

BACKGROUND: How to best treat psychotic patients who have had past clozapine-induced agranulocytosis or granulocytopenia remains a problem.

[ { "ade": "granulocytopenia", "drug": "clozapine" } ]

Transient asymptomatic bradycardia in patients on infusional 5-fluorouracil.

[ { "ade": "Transient asymptomatic bradycardia", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]

INTRODUCTION: In resource limited settings patients on antiretroviral treatment who develop stavudine induced hyperlactatemia are often switched to zidovudine on the basis of published studies that demonstrate that this agent can be a safe alternative.

[ { "ade": "hyperlactatemia", "drug": "stavudine" } ]

With the first cyclosporine dose, the patient complained of leg pain that was most severe during the cyclosporine infusion.

[ { "ade": "leg pain", "drug": "cyclosporine" } ]

Triazolam-induced nocturnal bingeing with amnesia.

[ { "ade": "amnesia", "drug": "Triazolam" }, { "ade": "nocturnal bingeing", "drug": "Triazolam" } ]

Acute renal failure with severe tubulointerstitial changes in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome treated with enalapril.

[ { "ade": "severe tubulointerstitial changes", "drug": "enalapril" }, { "ade": "Acute renal failure", "drug": "enalapril" } ]

Valproate embryopathy in three sets of siblings: further proof of hereditary susceptibility.

[ { "ade": "Valproate embryopathy", "drug": "Valproate" } ]

Mechanisms and triggering factors of hypoglycaemia induced by mefloquine and some other anti-malarial quinine analogues are discussed.

[ { "ade": "hypoglycaemia", "drug": "mefloquine" } ]

Putaminal infarct in methanol intoxication: case report and role of brain imaging studies.

[ { "ade": "Putaminal infarct", "drug": "methanol" }, { "ade": "methanol intoxication", "drug": "methanol" } ]

We present a case of ethylenediamine-induced delayed hypersensitivity reaction in a 46-year-old woman who received parenteral aminophylline for an acute asthma exacerbation.

[ { "ade": "delayed hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "aminophylline" }, { "ade": "delayed hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "ethylenediamine" } ]

A study following large patient groups on theophylline and a combination of theophylline and steroids might clarify the risk of ulcer formation in patients being treated with these medications for asthma.

[ { "ade": "ulcer", "drug": "theophylline" } ]

An 8-year-old girl, who had been vaccinated with BCG without subsequent regional reactions, developed osteomyelitis in the left calcaneus 7 months later.

[ { "ade": "osteomyelitis in the left calcaneus", "drug": "BCG" } ]

Tardive dyskinesia induced by sulpiride.

[ { "ade": "Tardive dyskinesia", "drug": "sulpiride" } ]

We have seen a case of terminal malignant melanoma in which clinical manifestations, indicative of anterior spinal artery syndrome, developed following the injection of 0.3 ml of 10% phenol-glycerine into the cervical subarachnoid space at the C4--C5 level for the control of severe right arm pain.

[ { "ade": "anterior spinal artery syndrome", "drug": "phenol-glycerine" } ]

CONCLUSION: Atovaquone should be added to the list of agents causing vortex keratopathy involving the corneal epithelium.

[ { "ade": "vortex keratopathy", "drug": "Atovaquone" } ]