mihirhirave/entity_extraction_ade_v2_with_validation

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We report 2 patients who developed polyarteritis nodosa following vaccination against hepatitis B.	[ { "ade": "polyarteritis nodosa", "drug": "vaccination against hepatitis B" } ]
These skin lesions may be induced or worsened during antiviral therapy with interferon-alpha (IFN).	[ { "ade": "skin lesions", "drug": "IFN" }, { "ade": "skin lesions", "drug": "interferon-alpha" } ]
Possible induction of diabetes by treatment of hypertension with indapamide (with four case reports).	[ { "ade": "diabetes", "drug": "indapamide" } ]
Corneal edema recurred when the administration of amantadine was resumed.	[ { "ade": "Corneal edema", "drug": "amantadine" } ]
Methimazole-induced aplastic anemia in third exposure: successful treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.	[ { "ade": "aplastic anemia", "drug": "Methimazole" } ]
Central pontine myelinolysis manifested by temporary blindness: a possible complication of lithium toxicity.	[ { "ade": "temporary blindness", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "Central pontine myelinolysis", "drug": "lithium" } ]
Eleven days after initiation of therapy with amiodarone, the patient experienced syncope and was noted to have recurrent episodes of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia.	[ { "ade": "polymorphous ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "amiodarone" }, { "ade": "syncope", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]
It is very likely that the dexamethasone used in the antiemetic drug regimen contributed to the development of osteonecrosis in these patients.	[ { "ade": "osteonecrosis", "drug": "dexamethasone" } ]
We describe a patient with Wilson's disease who presented with neurologic disease, was treated with D-penicillamine, and suffered sudden neurologic deterioration coincident with therapy.	[ { "ade": "neurologic deterioration", "drug": "D-penicillamine" } ]
Myoclonus and seizures disappeared after discontinuation of L-dopa and the introduction of valproate sodium (VPA).	[ { "ade": "Myoclonus", "drug": "L-dopa" }, { "ade": "seizures", "drug": "L-dopa" } ]
CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old patient chronically treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram developed confusion, agitation, tachycardia, tremors, myoclonic jerks and unsteady gait, consistent with serotonin syndrome, following initiation of fentanyl, and all symptoms and signs resolved following discontinuation of fentanyl.	[ { "ade": "agitation", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "tachycardia", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "myoclonic jerks", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "tremors", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "tachycardia", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "myoclonic jerks", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "unsteady gait", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "agitation", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "serotonin syndrome", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "unsteady gait", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "tremors", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "serotonin syndrome", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "fentanyl" } ]
PURPOSE: To describe spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics (AO) imaging in hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.	[ { "ade": "retinal toxicity", "drug": "hydroxychloroquine" } ]
Thrombotic stroke associated with the use of porcine factor VIII in a patient with acquired haemophilia.	[ { "ade": "Thrombotic stroke", "drug": "porcine factor VIII" } ]
Supravenous hyperpigmentation in association with CHOP chemotherapy of a CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.	[ { "ade": "Supravenous hyperpigmentation", "drug": "CHOP" } ]
Severe hemolytic uremic syndrome in an advanced ovarian cancer patient treated with carboplatin and gemcitabine.	[ { "ade": "Severe hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "gemcitabine" }, { "ade": "Severe hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "carboplatin" } ]
The favourable outcome in these two patients contrasts with the fatal outcome of the two other reported cases of nitrofurantoin induced BOOP.	[ { "ade": "nitrofurantoin induced BOOP", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" }, { "ade": "fatal outcome", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" } ]
Osteomyelitis occurring during infliximab treatment of severe psoriasis.	[ { "ade": "Osteomyelitis", "drug": "infliximab" } ]
IFNalpha-induced recurrence of Graves' disease ten years after thyroidectomy in chronic viral hepatitis C.	[ { "ade": "Graves' disease", "drug": "IFNalpha" } ]
Acute renal failure most likely was secondary to the nephrotoxic effect of captopril on chronically hypoperfused kidneys.	[ { "ade": "Acute renal failure", "drug": "captopril" } ]
We report a case of Sweet's syndrome in association with sargramostim treatment following chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia.	[ { "ade": "Sweet's syndrome", "drug": "sargramostim" } ]
RESULTS: A patient developed a bilaterally symmetric bull's-eye maculopathy 45 years after taking quinacrine for 18 months as prophylaxis against malaria.	[ { "ade": "bilaterally symmetric bull's-eye maculopathy", "drug": "quinacrine" } ]
Administration of lamotrigine, especially in combination with valproic acid, may lead to the development of TEN.	[ { "ade": "TEN", "drug": "lamotrigine" }, { "ade": "TEN", "drug": "valproic acid" } ]
Intravenous haloperidol is generally well tolerated, but multiform ventricular tachycardia has been reported.	[ { "ade": "multiform ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "haloperidol" } ]
SUBSEQUENT COURSE: The nephrosis resolved almost completely once the interferon was stopped and after immunosuppressive treatment.	[ { "ade": "nephrosis", "drug": "interferon" } ]
The pharmaceutical company producing Halfan has reported 8 cardiac arrests, leading to 6 deaths, when a higher dose than recommended was used, there was recent or concomitant treatment with mefloquine, there was pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval or the patient had a thiamine deficiency.	[ { "ade": "cardiac arrests", "drug": "mefloquine" }, { "ade": "cardiac arrests", "drug": "Halfan" }, { "ade": "deaths", "drug": "mefloquine" }, { "ade": "deaths", "drug": "Halfan" } ]
Severe acidosis in patients taking metformin--rapid reversal and survival despite high APACHE score.	[ { "ade": "Severe acidosis", "drug": "metformin" } ]
This case and other published evidence should alert physicians to the possibility of fatal erlotinib-induced ILD.	[ { "ade": "ILD", "drug": "erlotinib" } ]
We describe six patients who developed tardive dyskinesia after treatment with sulpiride for depression or gastrointestinal symptoms.	[ { "ade": "tardive dyskinesia", "drug": "sulpiride" } ]
Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after rituximab therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.	[ { "ade": "Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia", "drug": "rituximab" } ]
There is a dose-effect relationship between doxorubicin and the incidence of symptomatic cardiac failure.	[ { "ade": "symptomatic cardiac failure", "drug": "doxorubicin" } ]
The pulmonary toxicity is probably induced by piritrexim.	[ { "ade": "pulmonary toxicity", "drug": "piritrexim" } ]
Aliskiren-associated acute renal failure with hyperkalemia.	[ { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "Aliskiren" } ]
Ifosfamide-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus.	[ { "ade": "nonconvulsive status epilepticus", "drug": "Ifosfamide" } ]
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms involved in hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine and determine the feasibility of future cyclosporine use.	[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity reactions", "drug": "cyclosporine" } ]
The clinical course suggested that recombinant alpha-2b peginterferon plus ribavirin provoked type 1 diabetes mellitus, therefore, in patients who are candidates for interferon therapy the presence of pancreatic autoantibodies and the fasting plasma glucose level should be investigated before and during treatment.	[ { "ade": "type 1 diabetes mellitus", "drug": "ribavirin" }, { "ade": "type 1 diabetes mellitus", "drug": "recombinant alpha-2b peginterferon" } ]
We report the first case of IHA associated with cefuroxime administration.	[ { "ade": "IHA", "drug": "cefuroxime" } ]
Acute reversible ataxo-myoclonic encephalopathy with flecainide therapy.	[ { "ade": "Acute reversible ataxo-myoclonic encephalopathy", "drug": "flecainide" } ]
Anaphylactoid reaction to methylprednisolone pulsed therapy for multiple sclerosis.	[ { "ade": "Anaphylactoid reaction", "drug": "methylprednisolone" } ]
Voriconazole (VRC) has not previously been reported to cause angio-oedema.	[ { "ade": "angio-oedema", "drug": "VRC" }, { "ade": "angio-oedema", "drug": "Voriconazole" } ]
A 68-year-old female patient with advanced ovarian carcinoma collapsed whilst receiving a carboplatin and cyclophosphamide infusion.	[ { "ade": "collapsed", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" }, { "ade": "collapsed", "drug": "carboplatin" } ]
We believe the temporal association of the abnormal liver enzymes in this patient, in the absence of other offending agents, argues strongly in favor of 6-TG as a cause of liver enzyme abnormalities.	[ { "ade": "abnormal liver enzymes", "drug": "6-TG" }, { "ade": "liver enzyme abnormalities", "drug": "6-TG" } ]
Although dyspnea associated with verapamil administration has been reported, this is the first report of an elderly asymptomatic asthmatic patient with hypertension who developed an acute asthma attack following sustained-release verapamil administration.	[ { "ade": "dyspnea", "drug": "verapamil" }, { "ade": "acute asthma", "drug": "verapamil" } ]
A patient with ulcerative colitis developed skin pigmentation and diffuse pulmonary shadowing without respiratory symptomatology, while taking sulfasalazine.	[ { "ade": "skin pigmentation", "drug": "sulfasalazine" }, { "ade": "diffuse pulmonary shadowing", "drug": "sulfasalazine" } ]
Post marketing studies of Interferon-beta (IFN beta) therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) have demonstrated surprisingly high rates of hepatotoxicity.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "Interferon-beta" }, { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "IFN beta" } ]
Five patients are described in whom only gentamicin sulfate appeared responsible for acute renal failure.	[ { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "gentamicin sulfate" } ]
These cases were considered unusual in light of the short delay of their onset after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and their fulminant course: 3 of these patients died of PCP occurring during the first month of treatment with prednisone.	[ { "ade": "died", "drug": "prednisone" } ]
There have been more than 20 observations of the appearance or aggravation of this granulomatosis with interferon alfa and more recently with the combination of interferon alfa plus ribavirin.	[ { "ade": "granulomatosis", "drug": "ribavirin" }, { "ade": "granulomatosis", "drug": "interferon alfa" } ]
After 3- to 13-month period of therapy without indapamide, glucose levels of all patients decreased and diabetes disappeared.	[ { "ade": "diabetes", "drug": "indapamide" } ]
Ifosfamide is a known nephrotoxic drug with demonstrated tubulopathies.	[ { "ade": "tubulopathies", "drug": "Ifosfamide" } ]
Neuropathy is a significant side effect of thalidomide therapy, which may limit its clinical use.	[ { "ade": "Neuropathy", "drug": "thalidomide" } ]
We believe this is the first report of intrathecal diamorphine causing anaphylaxis.	[ { "ade": "anaphylaxis", "drug": "diamorphine" } ]
The case of a bipolar patient who developed thyrotoxicosis with severe exophthalmos while on lithium therapy is described.	[ { "ade": "thyrotoxicosis", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "severe exophthalmos", "drug": "lithium" } ]
Fatal hepatitis after long-term pulse itraconazole treatment for onychomycosis.	[ { "ade": "Fatal hepatitis", "drug": "itraconazole" } ]
The authors describe a case of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with darifenacin.	[ { "ade": "interstitial granulomatous dermatitis", "drug": "darifenacin" } ]
Gold-induced pneumonitis.	[ { "ade": "pneumonitis", "drug": "Gold" } ]
Reversible sirolimus-associated pneumonitis after heart transplantation.	[ { "ade": "pneumonitis", "drug": "sirolimus" } ]
Infant twins sustained severe circumoral and pharyngeal burns from a concentrated solution of benzalkonium (Zephiran) chloride prescribed for treatment of candidiasis.	[ { "ade": "circumoral and pharyngeal burns", "drug": "Zephiran" }, { "ade": "circumoral and pharyngeal burns", "drug": "benzalkonium" } ]
This compound, used by adults in the child's home, had caused accidental theophylline poisoning, mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis.	[ { "ade": "theophylline poisoning", "drug": "theophylline" } ]
Reduction of methylprednisolone dosage rather than insulin therapy resulted in better control of glycemia.	[ { "ade": "glycemia", "drug": "methylprednisolone" } ]
The cause of death was determined to be acute intoxication by olanzapine, and the manner of death was accidental.	[ { "ade": "acute intoxication", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]
Peripheral neuropathy associated with capecitabine.	[ { "ade": "Peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "capecitabine" } ]
This clinical course suggests that the sensorimotor polyneuropathy may have been caused by 5-ASA.	[ { "ade": "sensorimotor polyneuropathy", "drug": "5-ASA" } ]
We report on a child with fatal valproate-related hepatotoxic effects despite this supplementation.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxic effects", "drug": "valproate" }, { "ade": "fatal", "drug": "valproate" } ]
Radiation recall from gemcitabine is rare, but can potentially arise in any site that has been previously irradiated.	[ { "ade": "Radiation recall", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]
The authors report one case of incomplete posterior hyaloid detachment (PHD) following intravitreal pegaptanib to treat DME.	[ { "ade": "incomplete posterior hyaloid detachment", "drug": "pegaptanib" } ]
Acute renal failure is a rare complication following the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).	[ { "ade": "Acute renal failure", "drug": "immunoglobulin" } ]
Lymphoma developing in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexate.	[ { "ade": "Lymphoma", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
PURPOSE: We studied a case of vortex keratopathy that was associated with the use of atovaquone.	[ { "ade": "vortex keratopathy", "drug": "atovaquone" } ]
Hypersensitivity to zonisamide was confirmed by the skin patch test.	[ { "ade": "Hypersensitivity", "drug": "zonisamide" } ]
Typically, drug-induced neutropenia occurs in a patient receiving a semisynthetic penicillin for two weeks or more.	[ { "ade": "neutropenia", "drug": "penicillin" } ]
Pancreatitis has been noted to be a complication in 2-16% of patients undergoing treatment with L-asparaginase for a variety of pediatric neoplasms.	[ { "ade": "Pancreatitis", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]
This report describes a case of flucytosine-associated ulcerating enteritis in which the small bowel x-ray demonstrated severe luminal narrowing, ulceration, and marked separation of loops of bowel.	[ { "ade": "ulcerating enteritis", "drug": "flucytosine" }, { "ade": "severe luminal narrowing", "drug": "flucytosine" }, { "ade": "marked separation of loops of bowel", "drug": "flucytosine" }, { "ade": "ulceration", "drug": "flucytosine" } ]
Cerebrovascular complications of L-asparaginase therapy in children with leukemia: aphasia and other neuropsychological deficits.	[ { "ade": "Cerebrovascular complications", "drug": "L-asparaginase" }, { "ade": "neuropsychological deficits", "drug": "L-asparaginase" }, { "ade": "aphasia", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]
Four cases of adverse experiences with clonidine are described.	[ { "ade": "adverse experiences", "drug": "clonidine" } ]
Nitrendipine-induced gingival hyperplasia.	[ { "ade": "gingival hyperplasia", "drug": "Nitrendipine" } ]
We report the first case of acute renal failure with hyperkalemia associated with the recently marketed direct renin inhibitor aliskiren.	[ { "ade": "hyperkalemia", "drug": "aliskiren" }, { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "aliskiren" } ]
Extrapyramidal side effects induced by some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), i.e. fluoxetine and sertraline, have been previously reported in patients with depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).	[ { "ade": "Extrapyramidal side effects", "drug": "sertraline" }, { "ade": "Extrapyramidal side effects", "drug": "fluoxetine" } ]
Possible interaction between lopinavir/ritonavir and valproic Acid exacerbates bipolar disorder.	[ { "ade": "bipolar disorder", "drug": "ritonavir" }, { "ade": "bipolar disorder", "drug": "valproic Acid" }, { "ade": "bipolar disorder", "drug": "lopinavir" } ]
Hydroxyurea associated with concomitant occurrence of diffuse longitudinal melanonychia and multiple squamous cell carcinomas in an elderly subject.	[ { "ade": "multiple squamous cell carcinomas", "drug": "Hydroxyurea" }, { "ade": "diffuse longitudinal melanonychia", "drug": "Hydroxyurea" } ]
After excluding other causes of long QT syndrome, the HCQ was suspected as the cause of her ventricular tachycardia.	[ { "ade": "ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "HCQ" } ]
Acute myopathy with selective degeneration of myosin filaments following status asthmaticus treated with methylprednisolone and vecuronium.	[ { "ade": "Acute myopathy", "drug": "methylprednisolone" }, { "ade": "degeneration of myosin filaments", "drug": "vecuronium" }, { "ade": "degeneration of myosin filaments", "drug": "methylprednisolone" }, { "ade": "Acute myopathy", "drug": "vecuronium" } ]
This case illustrates the potential decoupling of PSA response from disease status in flutamide withdrawal.	[ { "ade": "decoupling of PSA response", "drug": "flutamide" } ]
The most likely cause of such hyponatremic episode is vinblastine.	[ { "ade": "hyponatremic episode", "drug": "vinblastine" } ]
We present a case of cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis in which amphotericin B might presumably be the aetiological factor.	[ { "ade": "cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis", "drug": "amphotericin B" } ]
While most physicians are aware of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and skin necrosis, the association of heparin and hyperkalemia is less well recognized.	[ { "ade": "hyperkalemia", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "skin necrosis", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "heparin" } ]
FSGS induced by Adriamycin (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Columbus, OH) has been observed experimentally in rats.	[ { "ade": "FSGS", "drug": "Adriamycin" } ]
In addition to the recognized arrhythmic complications, the authors emphasize myocardial necrosis as a possible further manifestation of amsacrine-related cardiotoxicity.	[ { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "amsacrine" }, { "ade": "myocardial necrosis", "drug": "amsacrine" } ]
Significant clinical improvement of the porphyria followed withdrawal of the diphenylhydantoin.	[ { "ade": "porphyria", "drug": "diphenylhydantoin" } ]
Since ethambutol is actively excreted via the renal system, compromise of renal function such as due to renal tuberculosis may lead to serum concentration elevations of ethambutol sufficient to produce optic neuropathy.	[ { "ade": "optic neuropathy", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms suddenly emerged 10 days after starting risperidone and resolved within 3 days of discontinuation.	[ { "ade": "Obsessive-compulsive symptoms", "drug": "risperidone" } ]
We describe the first case of disseminated salmonellosis in a patient treated with temozolomide.	[ { "ade": "disseminated salmonellosis", "drug": "temozolomide" } ]
CONCLUSION: Alendronate led to nodular scleritis and rechallenge caused recurrence of scleritis.	[ { "ade": "nodular scleritis", "drug": "Alendronate" }, { "ade": "scleritis", "drug": "Alendronate" } ]
The second patient developed both autoimmune thyroid disease and a refractory pre-patellar bursitis after 50 months of IFN-beta therapy.	[ { "ade": "refractory pre-patellar bursitis", "drug": "IFN-beta" }, { "ade": "autoimmune thyroid disease", "drug": "IFN-beta" } ]
Choroidal hemorrhage associated with systemic tissue plasminogen activator.	[ { "ade": "Choroidal hemorrhage", "drug": "tissue plasminogen activator" } ]
A potential role for renal and hepatic impairment in the observed protracted course of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is suggested.	[ { "ade": "thyrotoxicosis", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]
Since tamoxifen therapy can induce endometrial disorders, surveillance schemes of women taking tamoxifen have been recommended.	[ { "ade": "endometrial disorders", "drug": "tamoxifen" } ]
After approximately two weeks of sertraline treatment he noted an intense itching sensation in his scalp after eating a piece of chocolate cake.	[ { "ade": "intense itching sensation", "drug": "sertraline" } ]
Diazepam use by pregnant women can be associated with a later presentation of withdrawal symptoms in the neonate than that induced by the use of other drugs.	[ { "ade": "withdrawal symptoms", "drug": "Diazepam" } ]
She had just finished a 3-week course of intravenous tobramycin for bronchiectasis and had an elevated serum tobramycin trough level 1 week before the onset of tetany.	[ { "ade": "tetany", "drug": "tobramycin" } ]
Acute psychosis associated with levetiracetam.	[ { "ade": "Acute psychosis", "drug": "levetiracetam" } ]

We report 2 patients who developed polyarteritis nodosa following vaccination against hepatitis B.

[ { "ade": "polyarteritis nodosa", "drug": "vaccination against hepatitis B" } ]

These skin lesions may be induced or worsened during antiviral therapy with interferon-alpha (IFN).

[ { "ade": "skin lesions", "drug": "IFN" }, { "ade": "skin lesions", "drug": "interferon-alpha" } ]

Possible induction of diabetes by treatment of hypertension with indapamide (with four case reports).

[ { "ade": "diabetes", "drug": "indapamide" } ]

Corneal edema recurred when the administration of amantadine was resumed.

[ { "ade": "Corneal edema", "drug": "amantadine" } ]

Methimazole-induced aplastic anemia in third exposure: successful treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

[ { "ade": "aplastic anemia", "drug": "Methimazole" } ]

Central pontine myelinolysis manifested by temporary blindness: a possible complication of lithium toxicity.

[ { "ade": "temporary blindness", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "Central pontine myelinolysis", "drug": "lithium" } ]

Eleven days after initiation of therapy with amiodarone, the patient experienced syncope and was noted to have recurrent episodes of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia.

[ { "ade": "polymorphous ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "amiodarone" }, { "ade": "syncope", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]

It is very likely that the dexamethasone used in the antiemetic drug regimen contributed to the development of osteonecrosis in these patients.

[ { "ade": "osteonecrosis", "drug": "dexamethasone" } ]

We describe a patient with Wilson's disease who presented with neurologic disease, was treated with D-penicillamine, and suffered sudden neurologic deterioration coincident with therapy.

[ { "ade": "neurologic deterioration", "drug": "D-penicillamine" } ]

Myoclonus and seizures disappeared after discontinuation of L-dopa and the introduction of valproate sodium (VPA).

[ { "ade": "Myoclonus", "drug": "L-dopa" }, { "ade": "seizures", "drug": "L-dopa" } ]

CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old patient chronically treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram developed confusion, agitation, tachycardia, tremors, myoclonic jerks and unsteady gait, consistent with serotonin syndrome, following initiation of fentanyl, and all symptoms and signs resolved following discontinuation of fentanyl.

[ { "ade": "agitation", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "tachycardia", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "myoclonic jerks", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "tremors", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "tachycardia", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "myoclonic jerks", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "unsteady gait", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "agitation", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "serotonin syndrome", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "unsteady gait", "drug": "fentanyl" }, { "ade": "tremors", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "serotonin syndrome", "drug": "citalopram" }, { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "fentanyl" } ]

PURPOSE: To describe spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics (AO) imaging in hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.

[ { "ade": "retinal toxicity", "drug": "hydroxychloroquine" } ]

Thrombotic stroke associated with the use of porcine factor VIII in a patient with acquired haemophilia.

[ { "ade": "Thrombotic stroke", "drug": "porcine factor VIII" } ]

Supravenous hyperpigmentation in association with CHOP chemotherapy of a CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.

[ { "ade": "Supravenous hyperpigmentation", "drug": "CHOP" } ]

Severe hemolytic uremic syndrome in an advanced ovarian cancer patient treated with carboplatin and gemcitabine.

[ { "ade": "Severe hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "gemcitabine" }, { "ade": "Severe hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "carboplatin" } ]

The favourable outcome in these two patients contrasts with the fatal outcome of the two other reported cases of nitrofurantoin induced BOOP.

[ { "ade": "nitrofurantoin induced BOOP", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" }, { "ade": "fatal outcome", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" } ]

Osteomyelitis occurring during infliximab treatment of severe psoriasis.

[ { "ade": "Osteomyelitis", "drug": "infliximab" } ]

IFNalpha-induced recurrence of Graves' disease ten years after thyroidectomy in chronic viral hepatitis C.

[ { "ade": "Graves' disease", "drug": "IFNalpha" } ]

Acute renal failure most likely was secondary to the nephrotoxic effect of captopril on chronically hypoperfused kidneys.

[ { "ade": "Acute renal failure", "drug": "captopril" } ]

We report a case of Sweet's syndrome in association with sargramostim treatment following chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia.

[ { "ade": "Sweet's syndrome", "drug": "sargramostim" } ]

RESULTS: A patient developed a bilaterally symmetric bull's-eye maculopathy 45 years after taking quinacrine for 18 months as prophylaxis against malaria.

[ { "ade": "bilaterally symmetric bull's-eye maculopathy", "drug": "quinacrine" } ]

Administration of lamotrigine, especially in combination with valproic acid, may lead to the development of TEN.

[ { "ade": "TEN", "drug": "lamotrigine" }, { "ade": "TEN", "drug": "valproic acid" } ]

Intravenous haloperidol is generally well tolerated, but multiform ventricular tachycardia has been reported.

[ { "ade": "multiform ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "haloperidol" } ]

SUBSEQUENT COURSE: The nephrosis resolved almost completely once the interferon was stopped and after immunosuppressive treatment.

[ { "ade": "nephrosis", "drug": "interferon" } ]

The pharmaceutical company producing Halfan has reported 8 cardiac arrests, leading to 6 deaths, when a higher dose than recommended was used, there was recent or concomitant treatment with mefloquine, there was pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval or the patient had a thiamine deficiency.

[ { "ade": "cardiac arrests", "drug": "mefloquine" }, { "ade": "cardiac arrests", "drug": "Halfan" }, { "ade": "deaths", "drug": "mefloquine" }, { "ade": "deaths", "drug": "Halfan" } ]

Severe acidosis in patients taking metformin--rapid reversal and survival despite high APACHE score.

[ { "ade": "Severe acidosis", "drug": "metformin" } ]

This case and other published evidence should alert physicians to the possibility of fatal erlotinib-induced ILD.

[ { "ade": "ILD", "drug": "erlotinib" } ]

We describe six patients who developed tardive dyskinesia after treatment with sulpiride for depression or gastrointestinal symptoms.

[ { "ade": "tardive dyskinesia", "drug": "sulpiride" } ]

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after rituximab therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

[ { "ade": "Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia", "drug": "rituximab" } ]

There is a dose-effect relationship between doxorubicin and the incidence of symptomatic cardiac failure.

[ { "ade": "symptomatic cardiac failure", "drug": "doxorubicin" } ]

The pulmonary toxicity is probably induced by piritrexim.

[ { "ade": "pulmonary toxicity", "drug": "piritrexim" } ]

Aliskiren-associated acute renal failure with hyperkalemia.

[ { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "Aliskiren" } ]

Ifosfamide-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus.

[ { "ade": "nonconvulsive status epilepticus", "drug": "Ifosfamide" } ]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms involved in hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine and determine the feasibility of future cyclosporine use.

[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity reactions", "drug": "cyclosporine" } ]

The clinical course suggested that recombinant alpha-2b peginterferon plus ribavirin provoked type 1 diabetes mellitus, therefore, in patients who are candidates for interferon therapy the presence of pancreatic autoantibodies and the fasting plasma glucose level should be investigated before and during treatment.

[ { "ade": "type 1 diabetes mellitus", "drug": "ribavirin" }, { "ade": "type 1 diabetes mellitus", "drug": "recombinant alpha-2b peginterferon" } ]

We report the first case of IHA associated with cefuroxime administration.

[ { "ade": "IHA", "drug": "cefuroxime" } ]

Acute reversible ataxo-myoclonic encephalopathy with flecainide therapy.

[ { "ade": "Acute reversible ataxo-myoclonic encephalopathy", "drug": "flecainide" } ]

Anaphylactoid reaction to methylprednisolone pulsed therapy for multiple sclerosis.

[ { "ade": "Anaphylactoid reaction", "drug": "methylprednisolone" } ]

Voriconazole (VRC) has not previously been reported to cause angio-oedema.

[ { "ade": "angio-oedema", "drug": "VRC" }, { "ade": "angio-oedema", "drug": "Voriconazole" } ]

A 68-year-old female patient with advanced ovarian carcinoma collapsed whilst receiving a carboplatin and cyclophosphamide infusion.

[ { "ade": "collapsed", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" }, { "ade": "collapsed", "drug": "carboplatin" } ]

We believe the temporal association of the abnormal liver enzymes in this patient, in the absence of other offending agents, argues strongly in favor of 6-TG as a cause of liver enzyme abnormalities.

[ { "ade": "abnormal liver enzymes", "drug": "6-TG" }, { "ade": "liver enzyme abnormalities", "drug": "6-TG" } ]

Although dyspnea associated with verapamil administration has been reported, this is the first report of an elderly asymptomatic asthmatic patient with hypertension who developed an acute asthma attack following sustained-release verapamil administration.

[ { "ade": "dyspnea", "drug": "verapamil" }, { "ade": "acute asthma", "drug": "verapamil" } ]

A patient with ulcerative colitis developed skin pigmentation and diffuse pulmonary shadowing without respiratory symptomatology, while taking sulfasalazine.

[ { "ade": "skin pigmentation", "drug": "sulfasalazine" }, { "ade": "diffuse pulmonary shadowing", "drug": "sulfasalazine" } ]

Post marketing studies of Interferon-beta (IFN beta) therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) have demonstrated surprisingly high rates of hepatotoxicity.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "Interferon-beta" }, { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "IFN beta" } ]

Five patients are described in whom only gentamicin sulfate appeared responsible for acute renal failure.

[ { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "gentamicin sulfate" } ]

These cases were considered unusual in light of the short delay of their onset after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and their fulminant course: 3 of these patients died of PCP occurring during the first month of treatment with prednisone.

[ { "ade": "died", "drug": "prednisone" } ]

There have been more than 20 observations of the appearance or aggravation of this granulomatosis with interferon alfa and more recently with the combination of interferon alfa plus ribavirin.

[ { "ade": "granulomatosis", "drug": "ribavirin" }, { "ade": "granulomatosis", "drug": "interferon alfa" } ]

After 3- to 13-month period of therapy without indapamide, glucose levels of all patients decreased and diabetes disappeared.

[ { "ade": "diabetes", "drug": "indapamide" } ]

Ifosfamide is a known nephrotoxic drug with demonstrated tubulopathies.

[ { "ade": "tubulopathies", "drug": "Ifosfamide" } ]

Neuropathy is a significant side effect of thalidomide therapy, which may limit its clinical use.

[ { "ade": "Neuropathy", "drug": "thalidomide" } ]

We believe this is the first report of intrathecal diamorphine causing anaphylaxis.

[ { "ade": "anaphylaxis", "drug": "diamorphine" } ]

The case of a bipolar patient who developed thyrotoxicosis with severe exophthalmos while on lithium therapy is described.

[ { "ade": "thyrotoxicosis", "drug": "lithium" }, { "ade": "severe exophthalmos", "drug": "lithium" } ]

Fatal hepatitis after long-term pulse itraconazole treatment for onychomycosis.

[ { "ade": "Fatal hepatitis", "drug": "itraconazole" } ]

The authors describe a case of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with darifenacin.

[ { "ade": "interstitial granulomatous dermatitis", "drug": "darifenacin" } ]

Gold-induced pneumonitis.

[ { "ade": "pneumonitis", "drug": "Gold" } ]

Reversible sirolimus-associated pneumonitis after heart transplantation.

[ { "ade": "pneumonitis", "drug": "sirolimus" } ]

Infant twins sustained severe circumoral and pharyngeal burns from a concentrated solution of benzalkonium (Zephiran) chloride prescribed for treatment of candidiasis.

[ { "ade": "circumoral and pharyngeal burns", "drug": "Zephiran" }, { "ade": "circumoral and pharyngeal burns", "drug": "benzalkonium" } ]

This compound, used by adults in the child's home, had caused accidental theophylline poisoning, mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis.

[ { "ade": "theophylline poisoning", "drug": "theophylline" } ]

Reduction of methylprednisolone dosage rather than insulin therapy resulted in better control of glycemia.

[ { "ade": "glycemia", "drug": "methylprednisolone" } ]

The cause of death was determined to be acute intoxication by olanzapine, and the manner of death was accidental.

[ { "ade": "acute intoxication", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]

Peripheral neuropathy associated with capecitabine.

[ { "ade": "Peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "capecitabine" } ]

This clinical course suggests that the sensorimotor polyneuropathy may have been caused by 5-ASA.

[ { "ade": "sensorimotor polyneuropathy", "drug": "5-ASA" } ]

We report on a child with fatal valproate-related hepatotoxic effects despite this supplementation.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxic effects", "drug": "valproate" }, { "ade": "fatal", "drug": "valproate" } ]

Radiation recall from gemcitabine is rare, but can potentially arise in any site that has been previously irradiated.

[ { "ade": "Radiation recall", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]

The authors report one case of incomplete posterior hyaloid detachment (PHD) following intravitreal pegaptanib to treat DME.

[ { "ade": "incomplete posterior hyaloid detachment", "drug": "pegaptanib" } ]

Acute renal failure is a rare complication following the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

[ { "ade": "Acute renal failure", "drug": "immunoglobulin" } ]

Lymphoma developing in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexate.

[ { "ade": "Lymphoma", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

PURPOSE: We studied a case of vortex keratopathy that was associated with the use of atovaquone.

[ { "ade": "vortex keratopathy", "drug": "atovaquone" } ]

Hypersensitivity to zonisamide was confirmed by the skin patch test.

[ { "ade": "Hypersensitivity", "drug": "zonisamide" } ]

Typically, drug-induced neutropenia occurs in a patient receiving a semisynthetic penicillin for two weeks or more.

[ { "ade": "neutropenia", "drug": "penicillin" } ]

Pancreatitis has been noted to be a complication in 2-16% of patients undergoing treatment with L-asparaginase for a variety of pediatric neoplasms.

[ { "ade": "Pancreatitis", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]

This report describes a case of flucytosine-associated ulcerating enteritis in which the small bowel x-ray demonstrated severe luminal narrowing, ulceration, and marked separation of loops of bowel.

[ { "ade": "ulcerating enteritis", "drug": "flucytosine" }, { "ade": "severe luminal narrowing", "drug": "flucytosine" }, { "ade": "marked separation of loops of bowel", "drug": "flucytosine" }, { "ade": "ulceration", "drug": "flucytosine" } ]

Cerebrovascular complications of L-asparaginase therapy in children with leukemia: aphasia and other neuropsychological deficits.

[ { "ade": "Cerebrovascular complications", "drug": "L-asparaginase" }, { "ade": "neuropsychological deficits", "drug": "L-asparaginase" }, { "ade": "aphasia", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]

Four cases of adverse experiences with clonidine are described.

[ { "ade": "adverse experiences", "drug": "clonidine" } ]

Nitrendipine-induced gingival hyperplasia.

[ { "ade": "gingival hyperplasia", "drug": "Nitrendipine" } ]

We report the first case of acute renal failure with hyperkalemia associated with the recently marketed direct renin inhibitor aliskiren.

[ { "ade": "hyperkalemia", "drug": "aliskiren" }, { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "aliskiren" } ]

Extrapyramidal side effects induced by some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), i.e. fluoxetine and sertraline, have been previously reported in patients with depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

[ { "ade": "Extrapyramidal side effects", "drug": "sertraline" }, { "ade": "Extrapyramidal side effects", "drug": "fluoxetine" } ]

Possible interaction between lopinavir/ritonavir and valproic Acid exacerbates bipolar disorder.

[ { "ade": "bipolar disorder", "drug": "ritonavir" }, { "ade": "bipolar disorder", "drug": "valproic Acid" }, { "ade": "bipolar disorder", "drug": "lopinavir" } ]

Hydroxyurea associated with concomitant occurrence of diffuse longitudinal melanonychia and multiple squamous cell carcinomas in an elderly subject.

[ { "ade": "multiple squamous cell carcinomas", "drug": "Hydroxyurea" }, { "ade": "diffuse longitudinal melanonychia", "drug": "Hydroxyurea" } ]

After excluding other causes of long QT syndrome, the HCQ was suspected as the cause of her ventricular tachycardia.

[ { "ade": "ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "HCQ" } ]

Acute myopathy with selective degeneration of myosin filaments following status asthmaticus treated with methylprednisolone and vecuronium.

[ { "ade": "Acute myopathy", "drug": "methylprednisolone" }, { "ade": "degeneration of myosin filaments", "drug": "vecuronium" }, { "ade": "degeneration of myosin filaments", "drug": "methylprednisolone" }, { "ade": "Acute myopathy", "drug": "vecuronium" } ]

This case illustrates the potential decoupling of PSA response from disease status in flutamide withdrawal.

[ { "ade": "decoupling of PSA response", "drug": "flutamide" } ]

The most likely cause of such hyponatremic episode is vinblastine.

[ { "ade": "hyponatremic episode", "drug": "vinblastine" } ]

We present a case of cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis in which amphotericin B might presumably be the aetiological factor.

[ { "ade": "cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis", "drug": "amphotericin B" } ]

While most physicians are aware of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and skin necrosis, the association of heparin and hyperkalemia is less well recognized.

[ { "ade": "hyperkalemia", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "skin necrosis", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "heparin" } ]

FSGS induced by Adriamycin (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Columbus, OH) has been observed experimentally in rats.

[ { "ade": "FSGS", "drug": "Adriamycin" } ]

In addition to the recognized arrhythmic complications, the authors emphasize myocardial necrosis as a possible further manifestation of amsacrine-related cardiotoxicity.

[ { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "amsacrine" }, { "ade": "myocardial necrosis", "drug": "amsacrine" } ]

Significant clinical improvement of the porphyria followed withdrawal of the diphenylhydantoin.

[ { "ade": "porphyria", "drug": "diphenylhydantoin" } ]

Since ethambutol is actively excreted via the renal system, compromise of renal function such as due to renal tuberculosis may lead to serum concentration elevations of ethambutol sufficient to produce optic neuropathy.

[ { "ade": "optic neuropathy", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms suddenly emerged 10 days after starting risperidone and resolved within 3 days of discontinuation.

[ { "ade": "Obsessive-compulsive symptoms", "drug": "risperidone" } ]

We describe the first case of disseminated salmonellosis in a patient treated with temozolomide.

[ { "ade": "disseminated salmonellosis", "drug": "temozolomide" } ]

CONCLUSION: Alendronate led to nodular scleritis and rechallenge caused recurrence of scleritis.

[ { "ade": "nodular scleritis", "drug": "Alendronate" }, { "ade": "scleritis", "drug": "Alendronate" } ]

The second patient developed both autoimmune thyroid disease and a refractory pre-patellar bursitis after 50 months of IFN-beta therapy.

[ { "ade": "refractory pre-patellar bursitis", "drug": "IFN-beta" }, { "ade": "autoimmune thyroid disease", "drug": "IFN-beta" } ]

Choroidal hemorrhage associated with systemic tissue plasminogen activator.

[ { "ade": "Choroidal hemorrhage", "drug": "tissue plasminogen activator" } ]

A potential role for renal and hepatic impairment in the observed protracted course of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is suggested.

[ { "ade": "thyrotoxicosis", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]

Since tamoxifen therapy can induce endometrial disorders, surveillance schemes of women taking tamoxifen have been recommended.

[ { "ade": "endometrial disorders", "drug": "tamoxifen" } ]

After approximately two weeks of sertraline treatment he noted an intense itching sensation in his scalp after eating a piece of chocolate cake.

[ { "ade": "intense itching sensation", "drug": "sertraline" } ]

Diazepam use by pregnant women can be associated with a later presentation of withdrawal symptoms in the neonate than that induced by the use of other drugs.

[ { "ade": "withdrawal symptoms", "drug": "Diazepam" } ]

She had just finished a 3-week course of intravenous tobramycin for bronchiectasis and had an elevated serum tobramycin trough level 1 week before the onset of tetany.

[ { "ade": "tetany", "drug": "tobramycin" } ]

Acute psychosis associated with levetiracetam.

[ { "ade": "Acute psychosis", "drug": "levetiracetam" } ]