mihirhirave/entity_extraction_ade_v2_with_validation

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CONCLUSIONS: Amantadine can cause reversible corneal edema but can irreversibly reduce the density of endothelial cells.	[ { "ade": "reversible corneal edema", "drug": "Amantadine" } ]
Four patients who manifested symptoms of the antiepileptic drug (AED) hypersensitivity syndrome during therapy with carbamazepine are reported.	[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity syndrome", "drug": "carbamazepine" } ]
Probable enoxaparin-induced hepatotoxicity.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "enoxaparin" } ]
Hyperammonemia secondary to valproic acid as a cause of lethargy in a postictal patient.	[ { "ade": "lethargy", "drug": "valproic acid" }, { "ade": "Hyperammonemia", "drug": "valproic acid" } ]
Triiodothyronine-induced thyrotoxicosis in ophthalmic Graves disease.	[ { "ade": "thyrotoxicosis", "drug": "Triiodothyronine" } ]
Jaundice induced by streptokinase.	[ { "ade": "Jaundice", "drug": "streptokinase" } ]
We report a rare case of recurrent (stuttering) priapism in a patient with protein C deficiency while maintained on Warfarin therapy.	[ { "ade": "stuttering", "drug": "Warfarin" }, { "ade": "priapism", "drug": "Warfarin" } ]
Gastro-oesophageal reflux associated with nifedipine.	[ { "ade": "Gastro-oesophageal reflux", "drug": "nifedipine" } ]
We present a case of HUS in an advanced ovarian cancer patient treated with carboplatin and gemcitabine, and described its favorable outcome after chemotherapy interruption and supportive care with a 1 year follow-up.	[ { "ade": "HUS", "drug": "carboplatin" }, { "ade": "HUS", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]
Pentazocine-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.	[ { "ade": "fibrous myopathy", "drug": "Pentazocine" }, { "ade": "neuropathy", "drug": "Pentazocine" } ]
Four patients receiving high-dose tamoxifen for greater than 1 year have demonstrated similar retinal changes.	[ { "ade": "retinal changes", "drug": "tamoxifen" } ]
Clofibrate-induced myopathy in patients with diabetes insipidus.	[ { "ade": "myopathy", "drug": "Clofibrate" } ]
Isoniazid causing breast tissue enlargement has been very rarely reported.	[ { "ade": "breast tissue enlargement", "drug": "Isoniazid" } ]
Hemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient on cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin.	[ { "ade": "Hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "bleomycin" }, { "ade": "Hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "cis-platinum" }, { "ade": "Hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "vinblastine" } ]
We report a case admitted with a first-detected, symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a healthy patient after self-medication with vardenafil.	[ { "ade": "symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation", "drug": "vardenafil" } ]
Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with interleukin-2.	[ { "ade": "Toxic epidermal necrolysis", "drug": "interleukin-2" } ]
In patients with cirrhosis, the metabolism of meperidine is decreased, leading to accumulation of the parent drug and possible CNS depressive effects similar to hepatic encephalopathy.	[ { "ade": "CNS depressive effects", "drug": "meperidine" }, { "ade": "accumulation of the parent drug", "drug": "meperidine" } ]
A 22-year-old drug-abuser injected flunitrazepam tablets dissolved in tap water into her left femoral artery and presented with clinical signs of acute ischaemia of the left leg.	[ { "ade": "acute ischaemia of the left leg", "drug": "flunitrazepam" } ]
In one instance a systemic hypoglycemic reaction resulting in head trauma and confusion ended in an emegency hospital admission following the substitution of acetohexamide for acetazolamide.	[ { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "acetohexamide" }, { "ade": "head trauma", "drug": "acetohexamide" }, { "ade": "systemic hypoglycemic reaction", "drug": "acetohexamide" } ]
Paradoxical pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by nitroglycerin in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.	[ { "ade": "Paradoxical pulmonary vasoconstriction", "drug": "nitroglycerin" } ]
We report a 44-year-old woman with t-MDS (refractory anemia with excess blasts) following treatment of recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma with temozolomide (TMZ).	[ { "ade": "refractory anemia with excess blasts", "drug": "TMZ" }, { "ade": "refractory anemia with excess blasts", "drug": "temozolomide" } ]
A 64-year-old man presented with proteinuria during postoperative interferon (IFN)-beta therapy against malignant melanoma.	[ { "ade": "proteinuria", "drug": "interferon (IFN)-beta" } ]
A 54-year-old man developed TEN 4 weeks after beginning lamotrigine for complex partial seizures related to a glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor.	[ { "ade": "TEN", "drug": "lamotrigine" } ]
Retinal dysfunction and anterior segment deposits in a patient treated with rifabutin.	[ { "ade": "anterior segment deposits", "drug": "rifabutin" }, { "ade": "Retinal dysfunction", "drug": "rifabutin" } ]
Phenobarbital hepatotoxicity in an 8-month-old infant.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "Phenobarbital" } ]
Sudden cardiac death due to hypersensitivity myocarditis during clozapine treatment.	[ { "ade": "Sudden cardiac death", "drug": "clozapine" }, { "ade": "hypersensitivity myocarditis", "drug": "clozapine" } ]
Falling backward in two elderly patients taking bupropion.	[ { "ade": "Falling backward", "drug": "bupropion" } ]
A 25-year-old man with a history of mid-borderline (BB) Hansen's disease developing a reversal reaction after starting dapsone and rifampin therapy is presented.	[ { "ade": "reversal reaction", "drug": "dapsone" }, { "ade": "reversal reaction", "drug": "rifampin" } ]
She was treated with acyclovir and subsequently developed VZV antigen-positive zoster.	[ { "ade": "VZV antigen-positive zoster", "drug": "acyclovir" } ]
We report a case of NEH masquerading as cutaneous vasculitis in a woman receiving cyclophosphamide for lupus nephritis.	[ { "ade": "NEH", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]
Because sumatriptan can cause coronary artery vasospasm, patients with significant risk factors for coronary artery disease should be carefully evaluated for cardiovascular disease prior to the use of sumatriptan.	[ { "ade": "coronary artery vasospasm", "drug": "sumatriptan" } ]
Intranasal desmopressin-induced hyponatremia.	[ { "ade": "hyponatremia", "drug": "desmopressin" } ]
Up to four percent of patients treated with imatinib may develop hepatotoxicity, which usually resolves with discontinuation of the drug.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "imatinib" } ]
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms after chlorambucil treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.	[ { "ade": "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "drug": "chlorambucil" } ]
The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes in 3 cases of rituximab infusions.	[ { "ade": "acute coronary syndromes", "drug": "rituximab" } ]
With itraconazole, hepatotoxic reactions have only very rarely been reported, and histologic data are lacking.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxic", "drug": "itraconazole" } ]
This report describes a case of acute compromise of renal function associated with hypotension in a 7-year-old boy treated with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril and the ARB losartan.	[ { "ade": "hypotension", "drug": "lisinopril" }, { "ade": "hypotension", "drug": "losartan" } ]
This confirmed the history of captopril-related asthma.	[ { "ade": "asthma", "drug": "captopril" } ]
Amiodarone-induced dysthyroidism.	[ { "ade": "dysthyroidism", "drug": "Amiodarone" } ]
Tuberculous uveitis after treatment with etanercept.	[ { "ade": "Tuberculous uveitis", "drug": "etanercept" } ]
Granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis are considered among the most dangerous adverse effects of clozapine.	[ { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "clozapine" }, { "ade": "Granulocytopenia", "drug": "clozapine" } ]
The cases are important in documenting that drug-induced dystonias do occur in patients with dementia, that risperidone appears to have contributed to dystonia among elderly patients, and that the categorization of dystonic reactions needs further clarification.	[ { "ade": "dystonia", "drug": "risperidone" } ]
We report on a patient who developed acute rhabdomyolysis after taking cerivastatin.	[ { "ade": "acute rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "cerivastatin" } ]
OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a young woman with Graves' disease in whom ototoxicity developed because of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis.	[ { "ade": "antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis", "drug": "propylthiouracil" }, { "ade": "ototoxicity", "drug": "PTU" }, { "ade": "ototoxicity", "drug": "propylthiouracil" }, { "ade": "antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis", "drug": "PTU" } ]
We report a case of a child with neurodevelopmental delay with chronic constipation and a history of chronic mineral oil ingestion presenting as asymptomatic exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP).	[ { "ade": "exogenous lipoid pneumonia", "drug": "mineral oil" }, { "ade": "ELP", "drug": "mineral oil" } ]
DISCUSSION: Colchicine, the most important drug in treatment of FMF, can cause myopathy in patients with impaired renal and hepatic function.	[ { "ade": "myopathy", "drug": "Colchicine" } ]
Polymyoclonus seizure resulting from accidental injection of tranexamic acid in spinal anesthesia.	[ { "ade": "Polymyoclonus seizure", "drug": "tranexamic acid" } ]
We describe two cases of PSVT that changed to non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia after administration of verapamil.	[ { "ade": "non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "verapamil" } ]
We describe a patient with extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma who developed systemic candidiasis after treatment with a cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy regimen.	[ { "ade": "systemic candidiasis", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]
The association of venlafaxine treatment with ischaemic events could be explained by its unique pharmacological and haemodynamic properties.	[ { "ade": "ischaemic events", "drug": "venlafaxine" } ]
Doxycycline-induced photo-onycholysis.	[ { "ade": "photo-onycholysis", "drug": "Doxycycline" } ]
METHODS: A 76-year-old woman with primary open-angle glaucoma and no history of ocular surgery developed a choroidal detachment 12 hours after initiation of therapy with dorzolamide eye drops.	[ { "ade": "choroidal detachment", "drug": "dorzolamide" } ]
We report a myeloma patient who developed severe paralytic ileus during bortezomib therapy, which presented in the context of progressive constipation without other known causes and which regressed promptly with medical management after drug cessation, suggesting a direct causal relationship.	[ { "ade": "severe paralytic ileus", "drug": "bortezomib" } ]
Metabolic balance studies and rechallenge with hydrochlorothiazide were undertaken to investigate the mechanism of the thiazide-induced hyponatremia.	[ { "ade": "hyponatremia", "drug": "hydrochlorothiazide" } ]
Cerebral demyelinating disease developed in a patient during adjuvant therapy with levamisole for malignant melanoma.	[ { "ade": "Cerebral demyelinating disease", "drug": "levamisole" } ]
This article presents a patient with hypoparathyroidism who was treated with calcium carbonate and calcitriol resulting in two admissions to the hospital for milk-alkali syndrome.	[ { "ade": "milk-alkali syndrome", "drug": "calcitriol" }, { "ade": "milk-alkali syndrome", "drug": "calcium carbonate" } ]
Cardiac hypersensitivity and myopericarditis have been reported during long-term treatment with mesalazine.	[ { "ade": "Cardiac hypersensitivity", "drug": "mesalazine" }, { "ade": "myopericarditis", "drug": "mesalazine" } ]
This is the first reported case of BOOP associated with single-agent rituximab, and along with two other patients we describe, as well as two prior reports of BOOP in NHL patients receiving rituximab-based combinations, strengthens the possibility of a causal relationship.	[ { "ade": "BOOP", "drug": "rituximab" } ]
To treat hepatitis B, interferon alpha was administered until the proximal muscle weakness developed.	[ { "ade": "muscle weakness", "drug": "interferon alpha" } ]
Atrial fibrillation occurring in a patient taking etanercept plus methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis.	[ { "ade": "Atrial fibrillation", "drug": "etanercept" }, { "ade": "Atrial fibrillation", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
Sodium valproate and carbamazepine, antiepileptic drugs that are associated with a relatively low rate of adverse cutaneous reactions, should be added to the growing list of drugs that produce psoriasiform eruptions.	[ { "ade": "psoriasiform eruptions", "drug": "carbamazepine" }, { "ade": "psoriasiform eruptions", "drug": "Sodium valproate" } ]
We present an AIDS patient with severe and prolonged lactic acidosis on stavudine and lamivudine.	[ { "ade": "lactic acidosis", "drug": "stavudine" }, { "ade": "lactic acidosis", "drug": "lamivudine" } ]
Caution in longterm usage and early recognition of pentazocine toxicity as a neuromuscular complication are important in order to prevent irreversible drug-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.	[ { "ade": "fibrous myopathy", "drug": "pentazocine" }, { "ade": "neuromuscular complication", "drug": "pentazocine" }, { "ade": "pentazocine toxicity", "drug": "pentazocine" }, { "ade": "neuropathy", "drug": "pentazocine" } ]
Methemoglobinemia: an occupational hazard of phenylpropanolamine production.	[ { "ade": "Methemoglobinemia", "drug": "phenylpropanolamine" } ]
Propafenone-induced ataxia: report of three cases.	[ { "ade": "ataxia", "drug": "Propafenone" } ]
FINDINGS: Six children with growth retardation noted after treatment with high-dose fluticasone propionate were found to have adrenal suppression.	[ { "ade": "growth retardation", "drug": "fluticasone propionate" }, { "ade": "adrenal suppression", "drug": "fluticasone propionate" } ]
Rhabdomyolysis caused by tocolysis with oral ritodrine hydrochloride in a pregnant patient with myotonic dystrophy.	[ { "ade": "Rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "ritodrine hydrochloride" } ]
Methemoglobinemia is another common finding among patients receiving dapsone therapy, but rarely does it result in prominent symptoms other than transient pallor.	[ { "ade": "Methemoglobinemia", "drug": "dapsone" } ]
Hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by oral therapy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) is described in 2 elderly Japanese patients with lymphoid malignancy, who developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and improved.	[ { "ade": "renal tubular dysfunction", "drug": "sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim" }, { "ade": "Hyperkalaemia", "drug": "co-trimoxazole" }, { "ade": "renal tubular dysfunction", "drug": "co-trimoxazole" }, { "ade": "Hyperkalaemia", "drug": "sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim" } ]
Subsequently, he developed hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose 138 mg/dL) that resolved when olanzapine was stopped and recurred (fasting blood glucose 150 mg/dL) after 2 days of rechallenge with olanzapine 2.5 mg twice daily.	[ { "ade": "hyperglycemia", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]
One other patient on digoxin stopped taking it and developed cardiomyopathy.	[ { "ade": "cardiomyopathy", "drug": "digoxin" } ]
Bull's-eye maculopathy associated with quinacrine therapy for malaria.	[ { "ade": "Bull's-eye maculopathy", "drug": "quinacrine" } ]
Fatal radiation myelopathy after high-dose busulfan and melphalan chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma: a review of the literature and implications for practice.	[ { "ade": "Fatal radiation myelopathy", "drug": "busulfan" }, { "ade": "Fatal radiation myelopathy", "drug": "melphalan" } ]
Caution with use of cimetidine in tolazoline induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding.	[ { "ade": "upper gastrointestinal bleeding", "drug": "cimetidine" }, { "ade": "upper gastrointestinal bleeding", "drug": "tolazoline" } ]
Paradoxical ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation after intravenous bretylium therapy.	[ { "ade": "fibrillation", "drug": "bretylium" }, { "ade": "Paradoxical ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "bretylium" } ]
To develop information on the relative rarity or frequency of neurologic worsening with the initiation of penicillamine therapy, we conducted a retrospective survey of 25 additional patients with Wilson's disease who met the criteria of presenting with neurologic disease and having been treated with penicillamine.	[ { "ade": "neurologic disease", "drug": "penicillamine" }, { "ade": "neurologic worsening", "drug": "penicillamine" } ]
Coagulopathy associated with the use of cephalosporin or moxalactam antibiotics in acute and chronic renal failure.	[ { "ade": "Coagulopathy", "drug": "cephalosporin" }, { "ade": "Coagulopathy", "drug": "moxalactam" } ]
Within 24 hours of fluid restriction and cessation of desmopressin, her symptoms and hyponatremia resolved.	[ { "ade": "hyponatremia", "drug": "desmopressin" } ]
This case demonstrates an occupational activity (construction) that has now become the dominant source of lead exposure for U.S. adults, the importance of a good occupational history to suspecting and making a diagnosis, the possible outcomes of chronic lead toxicity, and the importance of preventing further exposure and using proper methods to treat acute toxicity.	[ { "ade": "lead toxicity", "drug": "lead" } ]
Uveitis associated with rifabutin therapy: a clinical alert.	[ { "ade": "Uveitis", "drug": "rifabutin" } ]
A case is presented of a patient who experienced benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation of nefazodone, an antidepressant that inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme.	[ { "ade": "benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms", "drug": "nefazodone" } ]
Pathogenesis of methotrexate-induced papular eruption in psoriasis may involve immune mechanisms other than those of methotrexate-induced cutaneous vasculitis in collagen vascular disease.	[ { "ade": "cutaneous vasculitis", "drug": "methotrexate" }, { "ade": "papular eruption", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
Vigabatrin-induced visual field defects are at present the most important safety issue in the use of the drug.	[ { "ade": "visual field defects", "drug": "Vigabatrin" } ]
It carries a well-known risk of neutropenia and agranulocytosis, which necessitates the immediate discontinuation of clozapine.	[ { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "clozapine" }, { "ade": "neutropenia", "drug": "clozapine" } ]
We believe that mucositis was a contributing factor to this case of fatal hyperkalemia after administration of succinylcholine, with a mechanism similar to that reported with thermal injury.	[ { "ade": "fatal hyperkalemia", "drug": "succinylcholine" } ]
Pneumonitis with pleural and pericardial effusion and neuropathy during amiodarone therapy.	[ { "ade": "pleural and pericardial effusion", "drug": "amiodarone" }, { "ade": "Pneumonitis", "drug": "amiodarone" }, { "ade": "neuropathy", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]
The incidence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related cardiotoxicity seems to be dosage and schedule dependent.	[ { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" }, { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "5-FU" } ]
Despite a hematologic response in all 3 patients, none of them achieved cytogenetic remission, and all progressed to blast crisis at 7 to 10 months of imatinib therapy.	[ { "ade": "blast crisis", "drug": "imatinib" } ]
Grade 3 hepatotoxicity (AST and ALT > 5 to 20 upper limit normal) or higher has been observed in as many as 1.4% of MS patients on IFN beta.	[ { "ade": "Grade 3 hepatotoxicity", "drug": "IFN beta" } ]
Since the bronchospasm was relieved with discontinuation of propranolol and supportive bronchodilator therapy, the bronchospasm was believed to be caused by propranolol.	[ { "ade": "bronchospasm", "drug": "propranolol" } ]
We report a 5-year-old boy with CF who had a stricture of the hepatic flexure region with associated narrowing due to submucosal fibrosis of the transverse colon, secondary to high-lipase pancreatin therapy.	[ { "ade": "submucosal fibrosis of the transverse colon", "drug": "high-lipase pancreatin" }, { "ade": "stricture of the hepatic flexure region with associated narrowing", "drug": "high-lipase pancreatin" } ]
This treatment has the potential to cause severe vision loss as a result of intractable corticosteroid-induced glaucoma.	[ { "ade": "glaucoma", "drug": "corticosteroid" }, { "ade": "severe vision loss", "drug": "corticosteroid" } ]
Etoposide-related myocardial infarction.	[ { "ade": "myocardial infarction", "drug": "Etoposide" } ]
Case 1, a 62-year-old woman, developed bilateral optic neuritis with decreased sensation of vibration and increased deep tendon reflex in the lower extremities after a seven-month use of recombinant interferon alpha-2a for chronic active hepatitis C.	[ { "ade": "decreased sensation of vibration", "drug": "recombinant interferon alpha-2a" }, { "ade": "bilateral optic neuritis", "drug": "recombinant interferon alpha-2a" }, { "ade": "increased deep tendon reflex", "drug": "recombinant interferon alpha-2a" } ]
Reversible cholestasis with bile duct injury following azathioprine therapy.	[ { "ade": "cholestasis", "drug": "azathioprine" }, { "ade": "bile duct injury", "drug": "azathioprine" } ]
A MEDLINE search identified all the reported cases of hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine.	[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity reactions", "drug": "cyclosporine" } ]
Lipoid pneumonia: a silent complication of mineral oil aspiration.	[ { "ade": "Lipoid pneumonia", "drug": "mineral oil" } ]
Interferon-alpha-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case report and review of the literature.	[ { "ade": "focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "drug": "Interferon-alpha" } ]
A 7-year-old with congenital toxoplasmosis who took pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for reactivated chorioretinitis developed fever, severe cutaneous involvement, swelling, abdominal pain and transaminitis, persisting weeks after withholding medicines.	[ { "ade": "transaminitis", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "fever", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "fever", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "swelling", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "abdominal pain", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "transaminitis", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "abdominal pain", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "swelling", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "severe cutaneous involvement", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "severe cutaneous involvement", "drug": "sulfadiazine" } ]
Two of these patients, who also received the anti-emetic prochlorperazine, lost consciousness for 48-72 h and then fully recovered.	[ { "ade": "lost consciousness", "drug": "prochlorperazine" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: Amantadine can cause reversible corneal edema but can irreversibly reduce the density of endothelial cells.

[ { "ade": "reversible corneal edema", "drug": "Amantadine" } ]

Four patients who manifested symptoms of the antiepileptic drug (AED) hypersensitivity syndrome during therapy with carbamazepine are reported.

[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity syndrome", "drug": "carbamazepine" } ]

Probable enoxaparin-induced hepatotoxicity.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "enoxaparin" } ]

Hyperammonemia secondary to valproic acid as a cause of lethargy in a postictal patient.

[ { "ade": "lethargy", "drug": "valproic acid" }, { "ade": "Hyperammonemia", "drug": "valproic acid" } ]

Triiodothyronine-induced thyrotoxicosis in ophthalmic Graves disease.

[ { "ade": "thyrotoxicosis", "drug": "Triiodothyronine" } ]

Jaundice induced by streptokinase.

[ { "ade": "Jaundice", "drug": "streptokinase" } ]

We report a rare case of recurrent (stuttering) priapism in a patient with protein C deficiency while maintained on Warfarin therapy.

[ { "ade": "stuttering", "drug": "Warfarin" }, { "ade": "priapism", "drug": "Warfarin" } ]

Gastro-oesophageal reflux associated with nifedipine.

[ { "ade": "Gastro-oesophageal reflux", "drug": "nifedipine" } ]

We present a case of HUS in an advanced ovarian cancer patient treated with carboplatin and gemcitabine, and described its favorable outcome after chemotherapy interruption and supportive care with a 1 year follow-up.

[ { "ade": "HUS", "drug": "carboplatin" }, { "ade": "HUS", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]

Pentazocine-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.

[ { "ade": "fibrous myopathy", "drug": "Pentazocine" }, { "ade": "neuropathy", "drug": "Pentazocine" } ]

Four patients receiving high-dose tamoxifen for greater than 1 year have demonstrated similar retinal changes.

[ { "ade": "retinal changes", "drug": "tamoxifen" } ]

Clofibrate-induced myopathy in patients with diabetes insipidus.

[ { "ade": "myopathy", "drug": "Clofibrate" } ]

Isoniazid causing breast tissue enlargement has been very rarely reported.

[ { "ade": "breast tissue enlargement", "drug": "Isoniazid" } ]

Hemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient on cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin.

[ { "ade": "Hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "bleomycin" }, { "ade": "Hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "cis-platinum" }, { "ade": "Hemolytic uremic syndrome", "drug": "vinblastine" } ]

We report a case admitted with a first-detected, symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a healthy patient after self-medication with vardenafil.

[ { "ade": "symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation", "drug": "vardenafil" } ]

Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with interleukin-2.

[ { "ade": "Toxic epidermal necrolysis", "drug": "interleukin-2" } ]

In patients with cirrhosis, the metabolism of meperidine is decreased, leading to accumulation of the parent drug and possible CNS depressive effects similar to hepatic encephalopathy.

[ { "ade": "CNS depressive effects", "drug": "meperidine" }, { "ade": "accumulation of the parent drug", "drug": "meperidine" } ]

A 22-year-old drug-abuser injected flunitrazepam tablets dissolved in tap water into her left femoral artery and presented with clinical signs of acute ischaemia of the left leg.

[ { "ade": "acute ischaemia of the left leg", "drug": "flunitrazepam" } ]

In one instance a systemic hypoglycemic reaction resulting in head trauma and confusion ended in an emegency hospital admission following the substitution of acetohexamide for acetazolamide.

[ { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "acetohexamide" }, { "ade": "head trauma", "drug": "acetohexamide" }, { "ade": "systemic hypoglycemic reaction", "drug": "acetohexamide" } ]

Paradoxical pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by nitroglycerin in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.

[ { "ade": "Paradoxical pulmonary vasoconstriction", "drug": "nitroglycerin" } ]

We report a 44-year-old woman with t-MDS (refractory anemia with excess blasts) following treatment of recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma with temozolomide (TMZ).

[ { "ade": "refractory anemia with excess blasts", "drug": "TMZ" }, { "ade": "refractory anemia with excess blasts", "drug": "temozolomide" } ]

A 64-year-old man presented with proteinuria during postoperative interferon (IFN)-beta therapy against malignant melanoma.

[ { "ade": "proteinuria", "drug": "interferon (IFN)-beta" } ]

A 54-year-old man developed TEN 4 weeks after beginning lamotrigine for complex partial seizures related to a glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor.

[ { "ade": "TEN", "drug": "lamotrigine" } ]

Retinal dysfunction and anterior segment deposits in a patient treated with rifabutin.

[ { "ade": "anterior segment deposits", "drug": "rifabutin" }, { "ade": "Retinal dysfunction", "drug": "rifabutin" } ]

Phenobarbital hepatotoxicity in an 8-month-old infant.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "Phenobarbital" } ]

Sudden cardiac death due to hypersensitivity myocarditis during clozapine treatment.

[ { "ade": "Sudden cardiac death", "drug": "clozapine" }, { "ade": "hypersensitivity myocarditis", "drug": "clozapine" } ]

Falling backward in two elderly patients taking bupropion.

[ { "ade": "Falling backward", "drug": "bupropion" } ]

A 25-year-old man with a history of mid-borderline (BB) Hansen's disease developing a reversal reaction after starting dapsone and rifampin therapy is presented.

[ { "ade": "reversal reaction", "drug": "dapsone" }, { "ade": "reversal reaction", "drug": "rifampin" } ]

She was treated with acyclovir and subsequently developed VZV antigen-positive zoster.

[ { "ade": "VZV antigen-positive zoster", "drug": "acyclovir" } ]

We report a case of NEH masquerading as cutaneous vasculitis in a woman receiving cyclophosphamide for lupus nephritis.

[ { "ade": "NEH", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]

Because sumatriptan can cause coronary artery vasospasm, patients with significant risk factors for coronary artery disease should be carefully evaluated for cardiovascular disease prior to the use of sumatriptan.

[ { "ade": "coronary artery vasospasm", "drug": "sumatriptan" } ]

Intranasal desmopressin-induced hyponatremia.

[ { "ade": "hyponatremia", "drug": "desmopressin" } ]

Up to four percent of patients treated with imatinib may develop hepatotoxicity, which usually resolves with discontinuation of the drug.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "imatinib" } ]

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms after chlorambucil treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

[ { "ade": "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "drug": "chlorambucil" } ]

The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes in 3 cases of rituximab infusions.

[ { "ade": "acute coronary syndromes", "drug": "rituximab" } ]

With itraconazole, hepatotoxic reactions have only very rarely been reported, and histologic data are lacking.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxic", "drug": "itraconazole" } ]

This report describes a case of acute compromise of renal function associated with hypotension in a 7-year-old boy treated with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril and the ARB losartan.

[ { "ade": "hypotension", "drug": "lisinopril" }, { "ade": "hypotension", "drug": "losartan" } ]

This confirmed the history of captopril-related asthma.

[ { "ade": "asthma", "drug": "captopril" } ]

Amiodarone-induced dysthyroidism.

[ { "ade": "dysthyroidism", "drug": "Amiodarone" } ]

Tuberculous uveitis after treatment with etanercept.

[ { "ade": "Tuberculous uveitis", "drug": "etanercept" } ]

Granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis are considered among the most dangerous adverse effects of clozapine.

[ { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "clozapine" }, { "ade": "Granulocytopenia", "drug": "clozapine" } ]

The cases are important in documenting that drug-induced dystonias do occur in patients with dementia, that risperidone appears to have contributed to dystonia among elderly patients, and that the categorization of dystonic reactions needs further clarification.

[ { "ade": "dystonia", "drug": "risperidone" } ]

We report on a patient who developed acute rhabdomyolysis after taking cerivastatin.

[ { "ade": "acute rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "cerivastatin" } ]

OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a young woman with Graves' disease in whom ototoxicity developed because of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis.

[ { "ade": "antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis", "drug": "propylthiouracil" }, { "ade": "ototoxicity", "drug": "PTU" }, { "ade": "ototoxicity", "drug": "propylthiouracil" }, { "ade": "antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis", "drug": "PTU" } ]

We report a case of a child with neurodevelopmental delay with chronic constipation and a history of chronic mineral oil ingestion presenting as asymptomatic exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP).

[ { "ade": "exogenous lipoid pneumonia", "drug": "mineral oil" }, { "ade": "ELP", "drug": "mineral oil" } ]

DISCUSSION: Colchicine, the most important drug in treatment of FMF, can cause myopathy in patients with impaired renal and hepatic function.

[ { "ade": "myopathy", "drug": "Colchicine" } ]

Polymyoclonus seizure resulting from accidental injection of tranexamic acid in spinal anesthesia.

[ { "ade": "Polymyoclonus seizure", "drug": "tranexamic acid" } ]

We describe two cases of PSVT that changed to non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia after administration of verapamil.

[ { "ade": "non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "verapamil" } ]

We describe a patient with extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma who developed systemic candidiasis after treatment with a cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy regimen.

[ { "ade": "systemic candidiasis", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]

The association of venlafaxine treatment with ischaemic events could be explained by its unique pharmacological and haemodynamic properties.

[ { "ade": "ischaemic events", "drug": "venlafaxine" } ]

Doxycycline-induced photo-onycholysis.

[ { "ade": "photo-onycholysis", "drug": "Doxycycline" } ]

METHODS: A 76-year-old woman with primary open-angle glaucoma and no history of ocular surgery developed a choroidal detachment 12 hours after initiation of therapy with dorzolamide eye drops.

[ { "ade": "choroidal detachment", "drug": "dorzolamide" } ]

We report a myeloma patient who developed severe paralytic ileus during bortezomib therapy, which presented in the context of progressive constipation without other known causes and which regressed promptly with medical management after drug cessation, suggesting a direct causal relationship.

[ { "ade": "severe paralytic ileus", "drug": "bortezomib" } ]

Metabolic balance studies and rechallenge with hydrochlorothiazide were undertaken to investigate the mechanism of the thiazide-induced hyponatremia.

[ { "ade": "hyponatremia", "drug": "hydrochlorothiazide" } ]

Cerebral demyelinating disease developed in a patient during adjuvant therapy with levamisole for malignant melanoma.

[ { "ade": "Cerebral demyelinating disease", "drug": "levamisole" } ]

This article presents a patient with hypoparathyroidism who was treated with calcium carbonate and calcitriol resulting in two admissions to the hospital for milk-alkali syndrome.

[ { "ade": "milk-alkali syndrome", "drug": "calcitriol" }, { "ade": "milk-alkali syndrome", "drug": "calcium carbonate" } ]

Cardiac hypersensitivity and myopericarditis have been reported during long-term treatment with mesalazine.

[ { "ade": "Cardiac hypersensitivity", "drug": "mesalazine" }, { "ade": "myopericarditis", "drug": "mesalazine" } ]

This is the first reported case of BOOP associated with single-agent rituximab, and along with two other patients we describe, as well as two prior reports of BOOP in NHL patients receiving rituximab-based combinations, strengthens the possibility of a causal relationship.

[ { "ade": "BOOP", "drug": "rituximab" } ]

To treat hepatitis B, interferon alpha was administered until the proximal muscle weakness developed.

[ { "ade": "muscle weakness", "drug": "interferon alpha" } ]

Atrial fibrillation occurring in a patient taking etanercept plus methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis.

[ { "ade": "Atrial fibrillation", "drug": "etanercept" }, { "ade": "Atrial fibrillation", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

Sodium valproate and carbamazepine, antiepileptic drugs that are associated with a relatively low rate of adverse cutaneous reactions, should be added to the growing list of drugs that produce psoriasiform eruptions.

[ { "ade": "psoriasiform eruptions", "drug": "carbamazepine" }, { "ade": "psoriasiform eruptions", "drug": "Sodium valproate" } ]

We present an AIDS patient with severe and prolonged lactic acidosis on stavudine and lamivudine.

[ { "ade": "lactic acidosis", "drug": "stavudine" }, { "ade": "lactic acidosis", "drug": "lamivudine" } ]

Caution in longterm usage and early recognition of pentazocine toxicity as a neuromuscular complication are important in order to prevent irreversible drug-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.

[ { "ade": "fibrous myopathy", "drug": "pentazocine" }, { "ade": "neuromuscular complication", "drug": "pentazocine" }, { "ade": "pentazocine toxicity", "drug": "pentazocine" }, { "ade": "neuropathy", "drug": "pentazocine" } ]

Methemoglobinemia: an occupational hazard of phenylpropanolamine production.

[ { "ade": "Methemoglobinemia", "drug": "phenylpropanolamine" } ]

Propafenone-induced ataxia: report of three cases.

[ { "ade": "ataxia", "drug": "Propafenone" } ]

FINDINGS: Six children with growth retardation noted after treatment with high-dose fluticasone propionate were found to have adrenal suppression.

[ { "ade": "growth retardation", "drug": "fluticasone propionate" }, { "ade": "adrenal suppression", "drug": "fluticasone propionate" } ]

Rhabdomyolysis caused by tocolysis with oral ritodrine hydrochloride in a pregnant patient with myotonic dystrophy.

[ { "ade": "Rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "ritodrine hydrochloride" } ]

Methemoglobinemia is another common finding among patients receiving dapsone therapy, but rarely does it result in prominent symptoms other than transient pallor.

[ { "ade": "Methemoglobinemia", "drug": "dapsone" } ]

Hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by oral therapy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) is described in 2 elderly Japanese patients with lymphoid malignancy, who developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and improved.

[ { "ade": "renal tubular dysfunction", "drug": "sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim" }, { "ade": "Hyperkalaemia", "drug": "co-trimoxazole" }, { "ade": "renal tubular dysfunction", "drug": "co-trimoxazole" }, { "ade": "Hyperkalaemia", "drug": "sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim" } ]

Subsequently, he developed hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose 138 mg/dL) that resolved when olanzapine was stopped and recurred (fasting blood glucose 150 mg/dL) after 2 days of rechallenge with olanzapine 2.5 mg twice daily.

[ { "ade": "hyperglycemia", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]

One other patient on digoxin stopped taking it and developed cardiomyopathy.

[ { "ade": "cardiomyopathy", "drug": "digoxin" } ]

Bull's-eye maculopathy associated with quinacrine therapy for malaria.

[ { "ade": "Bull's-eye maculopathy", "drug": "quinacrine" } ]

Fatal radiation myelopathy after high-dose busulfan and melphalan chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma: a review of the literature and implications for practice.

[ { "ade": "Fatal radiation myelopathy", "drug": "busulfan" }, { "ade": "Fatal radiation myelopathy", "drug": "melphalan" } ]

Caution with use of cimetidine in tolazoline induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

[ { "ade": "upper gastrointestinal bleeding", "drug": "cimetidine" }, { "ade": "upper gastrointestinal bleeding", "drug": "tolazoline" } ]

Paradoxical ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation after intravenous bretylium therapy.

[ { "ade": "fibrillation", "drug": "bretylium" }, { "ade": "Paradoxical ventricular tachycardia", "drug": "bretylium" } ]

To develop information on the relative rarity or frequency of neurologic worsening with the initiation of penicillamine therapy, we conducted a retrospective survey of 25 additional patients with Wilson's disease who met the criteria of presenting with neurologic disease and having been treated with penicillamine.

[ { "ade": "neurologic disease", "drug": "penicillamine" }, { "ade": "neurologic worsening", "drug": "penicillamine" } ]

Coagulopathy associated with the use of cephalosporin or moxalactam antibiotics in acute and chronic renal failure.

[ { "ade": "Coagulopathy", "drug": "cephalosporin" }, { "ade": "Coagulopathy", "drug": "moxalactam" } ]

Within 24 hours of fluid restriction and cessation of desmopressin, her symptoms and hyponatremia resolved.

[ { "ade": "hyponatremia", "drug": "desmopressin" } ]

This case demonstrates an occupational activity (construction) that has now become the dominant source of lead exposure for U.S. adults, the importance of a good occupational history to suspecting and making a diagnosis, the possible outcomes of chronic lead toxicity, and the importance of preventing further exposure and using proper methods to treat acute toxicity.

[ { "ade": "lead toxicity", "drug": "lead" } ]

Uveitis associated with rifabutin therapy: a clinical alert.

[ { "ade": "Uveitis", "drug": "rifabutin" } ]

A case is presented of a patient who experienced benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation of nefazodone, an antidepressant that inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme.

[ { "ade": "benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms", "drug": "nefazodone" } ]

Pathogenesis of methotrexate-induced papular eruption in psoriasis may involve immune mechanisms other than those of methotrexate-induced cutaneous vasculitis in collagen vascular disease.

[ { "ade": "cutaneous vasculitis", "drug": "methotrexate" }, { "ade": "papular eruption", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

Vigabatrin-induced visual field defects are at present the most important safety issue in the use of the drug.

[ { "ade": "visual field defects", "drug": "Vigabatrin" } ]

It carries a well-known risk of neutropenia and agranulocytosis, which necessitates the immediate discontinuation of clozapine.

[ { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "clozapine" }, { "ade": "neutropenia", "drug": "clozapine" } ]

We believe that mucositis was a contributing factor to this case of fatal hyperkalemia after administration of succinylcholine, with a mechanism similar to that reported with thermal injury.

[ { "ade": "fatal hyperkalemia", "drug": "succinylcholine" } ]

Pneumonitis with pleural and pericardial effusion and neuropathy during amiodarone therapy.

[ { "ade": "pleural and pericardial effusion", "drug": "amiodarone" }, { "ade": "Pneumonitis", "drug": "amiodarone" }, { "ade": "neuropathy", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]

The incidence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related cardiotoxicity seems to be dosage and schedule dependent.

[ { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" }, { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "5-FU" } ]

Despite a hematologic response in all 3 patients, none of them achieved cytogenetic remission, and all progressed to blast crisis at 7 to 10 months of imatinib therapy.

[ { "ade": "blast crisis", "drug": "imatinib" } ]

Grade 3 hepatotoxicity (AST and ALT > 5 to 20 upper limit normal) or higher has been observed in as many as 1.4% of MS patients on IFN beta.

[ { "ade": "Grade 3 hepatotoxicity", "drug": "IFN beta" } ]

Since the bronchospasm was relieved with discontinuation of propranolol and supportive bronchodilator therapy, the bronchospasm was believed to be caused by propranolol.

[ { "ade": "bronchospasm", "drug": "propranolol" } ]

We report a 5-year-old boy with CF who had a stricture of the hepatic flexure region with associated narrowing due to submucosal fibrosis of the transverse colon, secondary to high-lipase pancreatin therapy.

[ { "ade": "submucosal fibrosis of the transverse colon", "drug": "high-lipase pancreatin" }, { "ade": "stricture of the hepatic flexure region with associated narrowing", "drug": "high-lipase pancreatin" } ]

This treatment has the potential to cause severe vision loss as a result of intractable corticosteroid-induced glaucoma.

[ { "ade": "glaucoma", "drug": "corticosteroid" }, { "ade": "severe vision loss", "drug": "corticosteroid" } ]

Etoposide-related myocardial infarction.

[ { "ade": "myocardial infarction", "drug": "Etoposide" } ]

Case 1, a 62-year-old woman, developed bilateral optic neuritis with decreased sensation of vibration and increased deep tendon reflex in the lower extremities after a seven-month use of recombinant interferon alpha-2a for chronic active hepatitis C.

[ { "ade": "decreased sensation of vibration", "drug": "recombinant interferon alpha-2a" }, { "ade": "bilateral optic neuritis", "drug": "recombinant interferon alpha-2a" }, { "ade": "increased deep tendon reflex", "drug": "recombinant interferon alpha-2a" } ]

Reversible cholestasis with bile duct injury following azathioprine therapy.

[ { "ade": "cholestasis", "drug": "azathioprine" }, { "ade": "bile duct injury", "drug": "azathioprine" } ]

A MEDLINE search identified all the reported cases of hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine.

[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity reactions", "drug": "cyclosporine" } ]

Lipoid pneumonia: a silent complication of mineral oil aspiration.

[ { "ade": "Lipoid pneumonia", "drug": "mineral oil" } ]

Interferon-alpha-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case report and review of the literature.

[ { "ade": "focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "drug": "Interferon-alpha" } ]

A 7-year-old with congenital toxoplasmosis who took pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for reactivated chorioretinitis developed fever, severe cutaneous involvement, swelling, abdominal pain and transaminitis, persisting weeks after withholding medicines.

[ { "ade": "transaminitis", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "fever", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "fever", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "swelling", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "abdominal pain", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "transaminitis", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "abdominal pain", "drug": "sulfadiazine" }, { "ade": "swelling", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "severe cutaneous involvement", "drug": "pyrimethamine" }, { "ade": "severe cutaneous involvement", "drug": "sulfadiazine" } ]

Two of these patients, who also received the anti-emetic prochlorperazine, lost consciousness for 48-72 h and then fully recovered.

[ { "ade": "lost consciousness", "drug": "prochlorperazine" } ]