Datasets:

---

microsoft

/

ms_marco

like 161

Follow

Microsoft 12.4k

[ "Depression", "Depression.", "It is used to treat depression,nausea,anxiety,post traumatic and stress syndrome." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "View Sources. Mirtazapine is used to treat depression. It improves mood and feelings of well-being. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that works by restoring the balance of natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This answer should not be considered medical advice..", "Mirtazapine is an antidepressant medication that works in the brain. It is approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Symptoms of depression include: 1 Depressed mood-feeling sad, empty, or tearful. 2 Feeling worthless, guilty, hopeless, and helpless. 3 Loss of interest or pleasure in your usual activities. 4 Sleep and eat more or less than usual (for most people it is less).", "If an overdose occurs, call your doctor or 911. You may need urgent medical care. You may also contact the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. A specific treatment to reverse the effects of mirtazapine does not exist. It is approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Symptoms of depression include: 1 Depressed mood-feeling sad, empty, or tearful. 2 Feeling worthless, guilty, hopeless, and helpless. 3 Loss of interest or pleasure in your usual activities. 4 Sleep and eat more or less than usual (for most people it is less).", "Mirtazapine has had literature published on its efficacy in the experimental treatment of these conditions: 1 Sleep apnoea / hypopnoea. 2 Inappropriate sexual behaviour and other secondary symptoms of autistic spectrum conditions and other pervasive developmental disorders. In structure, mirtazapine can also be classified as a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) and is the 6- aza analogue of mianserin. It is also racemic —occurs as a combination of both (R)- and (S)- stereoisomers.", "A Stacy Wiegman, PharmD, Pharmacy, answered. While it is not understood exactly how mirtazapine works to treat depression, like most medications for mental disorders, mirtazapine acts on increasing chemicals in the brain that can help treat depressive thoughts and other depression symptoms. ", "Mirtazapine is an antidepressant. Mirtazapine affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause depression. Mirtazapine is used to treat major depressive disorder. Mirtazapine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. It may take up to several weeks before your symptoms improve. Keep using the medication as directed and tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 4 weeks of treatment. Drinking alcohol can increase certain side effects of mirtazapine. Mirtazapine may impair your thinking or reactions.", "Uses of This Medicine. Mirtazapine is used to treat depression. Mirtazapine belongs to a group of medicines called tetracyclic antidepressants. These medicines work in the central nervous system (CNS) to make certain chemicals in the brain stronger. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. ", "Mirtazapine is an antidepressant drug prescribed to treat Major Depressive Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and a range of anxiety disorders. Alongside these, it may be prescribed ‘off-label’ to people experiencing prolonged periods of poor sleep. Side effects of Mirtazapine. As with all antidepressants, there are certain side effects associated with Mirtazapine use. These include weight gain and, because the drug remains in one’s system throughout the course of the day, a person might also experience drowsiness.", "Remeron (mirtazapine) is a tetracyclic antidepressant used to treat depression. The drug is available in generic form (mirtazapine). It has been used to treat nausea, anxiety, post traumatic stress syndrome, and used as an appetite stimulant. The most common side effects of Remeron are drowsiness, increased appetite, weight gain, dizziness, and nausea.", "Remeron is used to treat major depression. When taken to relieve depression, its effects are usually felt within one to four weeks. The usual adult dose is between 15 and 45 mg/day. " ], "url": [ "http://answers.webmd.com/answers/1118023/what-conditions-does-remeron-treat", "https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Mental-Health-Medications/Mirtazapine-(Remeron)", "https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Mental-Health-Medications/Mirtazapine-(Remeron)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirtazapine", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/antidepressants/how-mirtazapine-treat-depression", "http://www.rxlist.com/remeron-drug/patient-images-side-effects.htm", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0011242/?report=details", "https://www.sleepio.com/articles/sleep-aids/mirtazapine-and-sleep/", "http://www.rxlist.com/remeron-side-effects-drug-center.htm", "http://whatmeds.stanford.edu/medications/mirtazapine.html" ] }

[]

[ "The juice can be distributed without the need of refrigeration, additives or preservatives,the juice and nutritional value is protected from the inside out thanks to multiple layers of protective materials." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Juice and drinks. From clear water to colourful fruit drinks; juice, nectar, still drinks, tea and coffee drinks and coconut water, we help you get the best out of processing and packaging all kinds of soft drinks and beverages.", "Tetra Pak. Tetra Pak’s Tetra Brik aseptic packaging protects our juice, meaning the juice can be distributed without the need of refrigeration, additives or preservatives. The juice and nutritional value is protected from the inside out thanks to multiple layers of protective materials.", "Read more in Tetra Pak magazine no 97 -Juice, nectar and still drinks (pdf) . View our packaging and processing solutions​ for beverages and a selection of carton packages for juice, nectar and still drinks in Customer products.", "Tetra Pak is world's leading food processing and packaging solutions company. Our motto 'Protects What's Good' reflects in our commitment to protect not just the milk and juices contained within the cartons but also our environment View More...", "Tetra Pak’s Tetra Brik aseptic packaging protects our juice, meaning the juice can be distributed without the need of refrigeration, additives or preservatives. The juice and nutritional value is protected from the inside out thanks to multiple layers of protective materials.", "The unique process of pasteurizing milk at an ultra high temperature, and then packaging it in the. Tetra Pak shelf safe carton, results in milk that is shelf safe. You've probably purchased juice, broth, soup or soy milk in a Tetra Pak shelf safe carton. Their recyclable packaging protects what's good, inside and out.", "Juice, nectar and still drinks are three categories of drinks with so many variants that all consumers, regardless of age, lifestyle and taste preferences, can find their favourites. Common to them all is that, to varying degrees, they contain the natural juice or extract from fruit, vegetables or herbs. What the final product can be called is regulated by national and regional food legislation, but with some variation." ], "url": [ "http://www.tetrapak.com/us/findbyfood/juice-and-drinks", "http://ceres.co.za/the-environment/tetra-pak/", "http://www.tetrapak.com/findbyfood/juice-and-drinks/juice-nectar-still-drinks", "http://www.protectswhatsgood.in/", "http://ceres.co.za/the-environment/tetra-pak/", "http://www.milkunleashed.com/shelf-safe-milk/aseptic-packaging-uht-milk.html", "http://www.tetrapak.com/findbyfood/juice-and-drinks/juice-nectar-still-drinks" ] }

[]

[ "Td = T - ((100 - RH)/5.)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When the temperature cools to the dew point, fog or dew can occur, and the relative humidity becomes 100%. Calculation of the dew point: The Magnus formula [Sonntag90] relates the saturation vapour pressure and dew point. ", "The water vapor pressure is a function of temperature, and the dew point temperature (Td), which is defined as the temperature at which the air is saturated with water vapor. Given the measured temperature (T) and the measured relative humidity (RH), it is possible to calculate the dew point temperature. A fourth parameter is often requested, the dew point temperature. This quantity can be calculated from the three measured parameters. The measured atmospheric pressure is the sum of two terms, the partial pressure of dry air (pa) and the partial pressure of water vapor (pw).", "and T is temperature (in Kelvin), and Td is dew point temperature (also in Kelvin). So, if you know the temperature, you can solve for Es, and substitute the equation for E into the expression for relative humidity and solve for Td (dew point). where Td is dew point temperature (in degrees Celsius), T is observed temperature (in degrees Celsius), and RH is relative humidity (in percent). Apparently this relationship is fairly accurate for relative humidity values above 50%. More details can be found in the article:", "For every 1°C difference in the dew point and dry bulb temperatures, the relative humidity decreases by 5%, starting with RH = 100% when the dew point equals the dry bulb temperature. A technical definition follows: The dew point is the temperature at which the water vapor in a sample of air at constant barometric pressure condenses into liquid water at the same rate at which it evaporates. At temperatures below the dew point, water will leave the air.", "If you are interested in a simpler calculation that gives an approximation of dew point temperature if you know the observed temperature and relative humidity, the following formula was proposed in a 2005 article by Mark G. Lawrence in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: Td = T - ((100 - RH)/5.). where Td is dew point temperature (in degrees Celsius), T is observed temperature (in degrees Celsius), and RH is relative humidity (in percent). Apparently this relationship is fairly accurate for relative humidity values above 50%. More details can be found in the article:", "b=237.7. and Td is in C. The vapor pressure is related to the relative humidity and vapor saturation pressure by. When the air is saturated the relative humidity is equal to 100%, and the temperature is equal to the dew point temperature, which allows us to solve for the dew point temperature. where. A fourth parameter is often requested, the dew point temperature. This quantity can be calculated from the three measured parameters. The measured atmospheric pressure is the sum of two terms, the partial pressure of dry air (pa) and the partial pressure of water vapor (pw).", "In simpler terms: the dew point, or frost point, is the temperature at which dew or frost will form should the air temperature fall sufficiently. Other things being equal, as the temperature falls, the relative humidity rises, reaching 100% at the dew point, at least at ground level. Dew point temperature is never greater than the air temperature, since the relative humidity cannot exceed 100%. A technical definition follows: The dew point is the temperature at which the water vapor in a sample of air at constant barometric pressure condenses into liquid water at the same rate at which it evaporates. At temperatures below the dew point, water will leave the air.", "Dew point is a measure of atmospheric moisture. It is the temperature to which air must be cooled to reach saturation (assuming air pressure and moisture content are constant). A higher dew point indicates more moisture present in the air. A technical definition follows: The dew point is the temperature at which the water vapor in a sample of air at constant barometric pressure condenses into liquid water at the same rate at which it evaporates. At temperatures below the dew point, water will leave the air." ], "url": [ "http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/~tcs3/tcs3/Misc/Dewpoint_Calculation_Humidity_Sensor_E.pdf", "http://www.paroscientific.com/dewpoint.htm", "http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/dochelp/QA/Basic/dewpoint.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point", "http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/dochelp/QA/Basic/dewpoint.html", "http://www.paroscientific.com/dewpoint.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point" ] }

[]

[ "10 to 50 hours", "10 to 50 hours, with an average of 15 hours." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Best Answer: Normal doses of the drug are metabolzed by the liver then the by-products are excreted in the urine. Its elimination half-life varies from 10 to 50 hours, with an average of 15 hours. One-half to one-third of a normal dose is excreted within 24 hours. Using that info, she should be drug-free anywhere from 6 to 20 days. That is of course if her liver function OK. She will probably have residual nervous system effects for some time. Hard to predict. Dr. said it will take some time but didn't have any idea how long. Her speech is still slurred and every fifteen minutes or so she goes to sleep, it reminds me of narcolepsy, she'll just collapse. It's been 2 wks. now. Does anyone know if this may cause brain damage.", "Dr. said it will take some time but didn't have any idea how long. Her speech is still slurred and every fifteen minutes or so she goes to sleep, it reminds me of narcolepsy, she'll just collapse. It's been 2 wks. now. Does anyone know... show more Daughter tried to commit suicide and her level is 400 on blood test. Dr. said it will take some time but didn't have any idea how long. Her speech is still slurred and every fifteen minutes or so she goes to sleep, it reminds me of narcolepsy, she'll just collapse. It's been 2 wks. now. Does anyone know if this may cause brain damage.", "As it has a sedative effect and may make you drowsy, it’s usually taken an hour or two before bedtime (but no later than 8 pm). Your doctor will advise you about the correct dose. Usually you'll start on a low dose (e.g. 5–10 mg) and gradually increase it to 20 mg daily. However, your doctor may increase the dose to 50 mg or 75 mg if the pain is very severe and disturbing your sleep.", "Re: Amitriptyline to leave the system. Hi Xan, I am sorry that I cannot answer your question, But I wanted to say hi and welcome to the pain boards. I'm sure someone will be along soon that can answer your questions, I know several of our members have discussed that medication before. Posts: 3. Amitriptyline to leave the system. Hello, i'm new to the boards and had a question that some people may relate to, some may not, but I am definitely looking to get some useful insight.", "How long does it take for amitriptyline to exit your system for a drug test. Public Forum Discussions. . for this i have to go through medical test. the medicine which i am taking is amitriptyline and fluoxetine. i want to know that the medicine which i am taking show in a drug test. i hope you will clarify my ... , how long and how do I take this drug. ... Hi doctor, I will be taking a drug test tomorrow and intend to use a product called Zydot ultimate ..., if I take furosemide to help me urinate 3 times, how much should I take, and how much time should I ... my boyfriend took an Adderall that was given to him 20mg.", "From what i understand, my Dr. has informed me that soboxin can stay in a persons system up to ten days depending on the dosage a person takes and how long you have been … taking it. I have personally been on soboxin since July 2008. When I worked in rehab the lab that tested for us said 7 days. Around 7-8 days. Darvocets will stay in your system anywhere from 3-7 d … ays after last use is discontinued. It depends on how much of it is contained in your metabolites in your body.", "Drug testing and rehab. of this week. She will be taking a drug test because of work, but doesn t want her new place of employment to know she takes adderall. How long will it take for the Adderall to be completely out of her system ... , how long and how do I take this drug. ... Hi doctor, I will be taking a drug test tomorrow and intend to use a product called Zydot ultimate ..., if I take furosemide to help me urinate 3 times, how much should I take, and how much time should I ... my boyfriend took an Adderall that was given to him 20mg.", "Over the past couple of months, i've been on a low dosage of Amitriptyline (25mg) for nerve pain in my upper left chest area and left arm, while taking the 25mg, the pain was going down and I was able to sleep at night, however, it did not give me full-day coverage. Posts: 3. Amitriptyline to leave the system. Hello, i'm new to the boards and had a question that some people may relate to, some may not, but I am definitely looking to get some useful insight.", "(non detectable since 92 my md prescribed me Norco 10 325 but I take nasal 2mg diladud. How long does the diladud stay in the system so I can be ok on a eia drug test. the community clinic is testing me but I ... , how long and how do I take this drug. ... Hi doctor, I will be taking a drug test tomorrow and intend to use a product called Zydot ultimate ..., if I take furosemide to help me urinate 3 times, how much should I take, and how much time should I ... my boyfriend took an Adderall that was given to him 20mg.", "Around two weeks to a month. It all depends on how regularly you smoke, your metabolism/body type, and whether or not you drink vinegar or cranberry juice. If you were to smok … e marijuana every day for a month, it would take approximately one month for the THC to get out of your system. On the flip side, if you only smoked a few times and quit, it take around two weeks or so. When I worked in rehab the lab that tested for us said 7 days. Around 7-8 days. Darvocets will stay in your system anywhere from 3-7 d … ays after last use is discontinued. It depends on how much of it is contained in your metabolites in your body." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070121005112AA2ebCE", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070121005112AA2ebCE", "http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/drugs/amitriptyline/when-and-how-to-take-it.aspx", "http://www.healthboards.com/boards/pain-management/613484-amitriptyline-leave-system.html", "http://www.healthcaremagic.com/search/how-long-does-it-take-for-amitriptyline-to-exit-your-system-for-a-drug-test", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_amitriptyline_stay_in_your_system", "http://www.healthcaremagic.com/search/how-long-does-it-take-for-amitriptyline-to-exit-your-system-for-a-drug-test", "http://www.healthboards.com/boards/pain-management/613484-amitriptyline-leave-system.html", "http://www.healthcaremagic.com/search/how-long-does-it-take-for-amitriptyline-to-exit-your-system-for-a-drug-test", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_amitriptyline_stay_in_your_system" ] }

[]

[ "3.689" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry is an international and multidisciplinary research, review and news journal. ", "1 5-Year Impact Factor: 3.797ℹ Five-Year Impact Factor:2014: 3.797To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2014 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years.© Journal Citation Reports 2015, Published by Thomson Reuters. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry does not publish work on the actions of biological extracts unless the pharmacological active molecular substrate and/or specific receptor binding properties of the extract compounds are elucidated. Benefits to authors.", "/ Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 5 Please cite this article as: Danforth AL, et al, MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011. / Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 13 Please cite this article as: Danforth AL, et al, MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011.", "/ Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 7 Please cite this article as: Danforth AL, et al, MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011. / Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 13 Please cite this article as: Danforth AL, et al, MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011.", "/ Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx Please cite this article as: Danforth AL, et al, MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011. / Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 13 Please cite this article as: Danforth AL, et al, MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011.", "1 Impact Factor: 3.689ℹ Impact Factor:2014: 3.689The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years.© Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports 2015. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry does not publish work on the actions of biological extracts unless the pharmacological active molecular substrate and/or specific receptor binding properties of the extract compounds are elucidated. Benefits to authors.", "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry is an international and multidisciplinary research, review and news journal. One of its main [...]. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry is an international and multidisciplinary research, review and news journal. SJR indicator vs. Cites per Doc (2y). In order to view charts, you need to upgrade your Flash Player. The SJR indicator measures the scientific influence of the average article in a journal, it expresses how central to the global scientific discussion an average article of the journal is.", "/ Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 3 Please cite this article as: Danforth AL, et al, MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011. / Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 13 Please cite this article as: Danforth AL, et al, MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011." ], "url": [ "http://www.journal-database.com/journal/progress-in-neuro-psychopharmacology-biological-psychiatry.html", "http://www.journals.elsevier.com/progress-in-neuro-psychopharmacology-and-biological-psychiatry/", "http://www.maps.org/research-archive/mdma/danforth-et-al-2015-mdma-autism.pdf", "http://www.maps.org/research-archive/mdma/danforth-et-al-2015-mdma-autism.pdf", "http://www.maps.org/research-archive/mdma/danforth-et-al-2015-mdma-autism.pdf", "http://www.journals.elsevier.com/progress-in-neuro-psychopharmacology-and-biological-psychiatry/", "http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21767&tip=sid", "http://www.maps.org/research-archive/mdma/danforth-et-al-2015-mdma-autism.pdf" ] }

[]

[ "A mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Definition. Biological, chemical, or physical agent, process, or substance that causes permanent genetic change (mutation) in a cell (other than which occurs during normal cell growth) due to genetic alterations or loss of genes or chromosomes. ", "Mutagen. 4,979 pages on this wiki. Mutagen, also known as Ooze, is a viscous substance, which is in virtually every medium and plays a key role in the origin of the Turtles. It changes the genetic structure of all organisms that come into contact with it, and so causes a mutation. ", "A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. ", "Confidence votes 697. A mutagen is anything that changes the genetic material of an organism. The most common examples are X-Rays (or just about any kind of radiation), and UV light. A few less common ones are ethidium bromide, and bromine. I'm assuming you mean silent mutation. A mutagen is just something that causes a mutation in the DNA sequence. A silent mutation would be a mutation that doesn't change the pr … imary sequence of the protein it encodes.", "Definition of MUTAGEN. : an agent (as a chemical or various radiations) that tends to increase the frequency or extent of mutation. — mu·ta·gen·ic \\ˌmyue-ˌmyü-tə-ˈje\\ nik. — adjective·mu·ta·gen·i·cal \\-ly-ni(k-)ə\\ lē. ADVERB. advertisement Medical Definition of MUTAGEN. : a substance (as a chemical or various radiations) that tends to increase the frequency or extent of mutation.", "Definition. A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed. Once the gene has been damaged or changed the mRNA transcribed from that gene will now carry an altered message. In this case the flower, without the pigment is no longer red. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed.", "In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer, mutagens are therefore also likely to be carcinogens. ", "A mutagen is a substance which increases the frequency of mutation in a plant or animal population, which can lead to a variety of consequences. Some chemicals have mutagenic properties, and radiation such as ultraviolet light and x-rays is another common source of mutations. " ], "url": [ "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mutagen.html", "http://turtlepedia.wikia.com/wiki/Mutagen", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_example_of_mutagens", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mutagen", "http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/BioInfo/MUT/Mut.Definition.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagen", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-mutagen.htm" ] }

[]

[ "He arranged all the elements known at the time into a table in order of relative atomic mass. When he did this, he found that each element was similar to the element eight places further on." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "John Newlands did not discover the periodic table -- the periodic table was not out there to be discovered. It did not exist until Mendeleev published a form of it in 1869. … -- John Newlands devised a classification scheme for the elements in 1863-65, which he called the law of octaves.", "Newlands' Periodic Table. An English scientist called John Newlands put forward his law of octaves in 1864. He arranged all the elements known at the time into a table in order of relative atomic mass. When he did this, he found that each element was similar to the element eight places further on. For example, starting at Li, Be is the second element, B is the third and Na is the eighth element.", "It did not exist until Mendeleev published a form of it in 1869. … -- John Newlands devised a classification scheme for the elements in 1863-65, which he called the law of octaves. The basis for the classification was quite similar to the periodic law which led to Mendeleev's classification scheme.", "Newlands' table showed a repeating or periodic pattern of properties, but it had problems. For example, he put iron in the same group as oxygen and sulphur, which are two non-metals. As a result, his table was not accepted by other scientists. Page: 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 5 5.", "John Newlands was actually the first person to make a periodic table. He devised a periodic table arranged according to elements' atomic weights. He also arranged the elem … ents into seven different groups. Newlands compared these groups to octaves in music." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_John_Alexander_Reina_Newlands_periodic_table_rejected", "http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Periodic/Periodic-Newlands.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_john_newlands_create_his_periodic_table", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/patterns/periodictablerev3.shtml", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_john_newlands_create_his_periodic_table" ] }

[]

[ "$35,000 to $39,000 per year." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Average Riding Instructor Salary: Independent riding instructors typically charge an hourly rate for services but on average earn about $35,000 to $39,000 per year.", "The rates of payment also vary based on age, qualification and experience. Most riding schools require that a riding instructor hold qualifications from the American Riding Instructors Association. On average, a riding instructor earns $47,000 yearly. Many riding schools offer training for grooms or apprenticeships. A riding instructor teaches people individually or in groups. Their duties in a riding school include grooming, feeding and administering medication to horses.", "Report Abuse. It depends on how much they charge, how many students they have, what disciplines they teach etc. My riding instructor charges $35 for a 1 hour group lesson and $45 for a 1 hours private lesson. She teaches 2 group lesson a week, each with 3 students in in. That's $105 a week from them.", "Income. Starting salaries for trainee and assistant instructors can be between £12,000 and £17,000 a year. Experienced instructors can earn up to £25,000. Rates of pay depend upon the size of the centre, qualifications held, and whether accommodation, meals and further training are part of the salary.", "Starting salary. £12,000 + per year. As a horse riding instructor you would work with people of different ages, riding ability and experience, and teach them to ride horses. If you have patience and love working with horses, this could be the career for you.", "As usual with most careers, a riding instructor’s salary can vary based on years of experience, geographic location, certification, and specialty. Indeed.com cites a yearly salary of about $39,000. Simplyhired.com quotes a yearly salary of $35,000." ], "url": [ "http://www.buckit-list.com/articles/horse-careers.html", "http://www.kaycircle.com/How-Much-Does-a-Riding-Instructor-Make-Per-Year-Average-Riding-Instructor-Salary", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110108105046AALqmqx", "https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/horseridinginstructor.aspx", "https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/horseridinginstructor.aspx", "http://animalcareers.about.com/od/Careers/a/Riding-Instructor.htm" ] }

[]

[ "False" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When a convergent boundary occurs between two oceanic plates one of those plates will subduct beneath the other. Normally the older plate will subduct because of its higher density. The subducting plate is heated as it is forced deeper into the mantle and at a depth of about 100 miles (150 km) the plate begins to melt.", "Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ... subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries. Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for... sinding of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone.", "Subduction zone volcanism occurs where two plates are converging on one another. One plate containing oceanic lithosphere descends beneath the adjacent plate, thus consuming the oceanic lithosphere into the earth's mantle. This on-going process is called subduction.", "Where two tectonic plates meet at a subduction zone, one bends and slides underneath the other, curving down into the mantle. (The mantle is the hotter layer under the crust.). Tectonic plates can transport both continental crust and oceanic crust, or they may be made of only one kind of crust. Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust. At a subduction zone, the oceanic crust usually sinks into the mantle beneath lighter continental crust. (Sometimes, oceanic crust may grow so old and that dense that it collapses and spontaneously forms a subduction zone, scientists think.).", "Subduction Zones. Where two tectonic plates converge, if one or both of the plates is oceanic lithosphere, a subduction zone will form. An oceanic plate will sink back into the mantle. Remember, oceanic plates are formed from mantle material at midocean ridges." ], "url": [ "http://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-boundaries.shtml", "http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=geol-1403-exam-iv", "http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/subducvolc_page.html", "http://www.livescience.com/43220-subduction-zone-definition.html", "http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/subd_zone.htm" ] }

[]

[ "It is made in brain cells." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Although in chemical terms it is an amino acid, GABA is rarely referred to as such in the scientific or medical communities, because the term amino acid, used without a qualifier, by convention refers to the alpha amino acids, which GABA is not, nor is it considered to be incorporated into proteins. Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called GABAergic neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate. Medium Spiny Cells are a typical example of inhibitory CNS GABAergic cell", "Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid that is the second most prevalent neurotransmitter in the brain. Amino acids build proteins in the body, and neurotransmitters are chemicals needed for the synapses to transfer information in human gray matter. ", "GABA is made in brain cells from glutamate and works by blocking nerve impulses. Glutamate fires the nerve impulses and GABA does the opposite by telling the nerves not to fire. In the case of GABA deficiency, nerve cells fire too often and too easily. That is where GABA comes in. Gamma-Amino Butyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABA is the main neurotransmitter in your brain that inhibits nerve transmission and calms nerve activit", "GABA'S ROLE IN THE BRAIN. GABA is made in brain cells from glutamate, and functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter meaning that it blocks nerve impulses. Glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter and when bound to adjacent cells encourages them to fire and send a nerve impulse. It is made within the brain from GABA. GHB has been researched for treating alcohol, opiate and other drug dependencies and for treating withdrawal symptoms. [21] [22] [23] [24] GHB unfortunately can also be abused [25] and employed as a date rape drug'.", "Gamma aminobutyric acid-GABA, is one of the relaxing inhibitory neurotransmitters in your brain. As an amino acid, GABA is completely legal but you should still not consume this supplement in abnormal quantities! Neurotransmitters are the chemicals released from one nerve cell to another across the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter serotonin is produced from the amino acid 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP). GABA is mainly produced from the amino acid glutamine. A deficiency in any of these nutrients can cause an assortment of health related illnesses, especially mood and sleep disorders.", "γ-Aminobutyric acid (/ˈɡaemə ˈɡæmə əˈmiːnoʊbjuːˈtɪrɨk/ ; ˈaesɨd ˈæSɨD /or/) gaba ˈɡaebə ˈɡæbə is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian. central nervous system Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called GABAergic neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate. Medium Spiny Cells are a typical example of inhibitory CNS GABAergic cells.", "It is essential for brain metabolism. 1 GABA functions as a neurotransmitter naturally produced in the brain that functions as part of the nervous system. 2 GABA works to support cellular function, especially in the brain. 3 GABA is an amino acid found in brewer's yeast. GABA is formed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase with a little help from Vitamin B6. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system capable of blocking cell-to-cell transmissions.", "INTRODUCTION: Gamma-Amino Butyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It inhibits nerve transmission in the brain, calming nervous activity. As a supplement it is sold and promoted for these neurotransmitter effects as a natural tranquilizer. It is made within the brain from GABA. GHB has been researched for treating alcohol, opiate and other drug dependencies and for treating withdrawal symptoms. [21] [22] [23] [24] GHB unfortunately can also be abused [25] and employed as a date rape drug'." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-gaba.htm", "http://www.naturalnews.com/036778_GABA_brain_health_nervous_system.html", "http://www.denvernaturopathic.com/news/GABA.html", "http://www.reliableanswer.com/gaba-supplement/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid", "http://www.puritan.com/gaba-526", "http://www.denvernaturopathic.com/news/GABA.html" ] }

[]

[ "Adult Total Cost : $18.50 Children (5-12) Total Cost : $12.50 Group Discounts Avaliable (8 or more people) Navajo Nation Park pass is $6.00 Per person." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For Upper Antelope Canyon you’re looking at about a $32 entrance fee and for Lower Antelope it’s only $20. If you want to take a photography tour at Upper Antelope, it’s going to cost you around $80. Also, you’re entering Navajo land and are required to pay an additional entrance fee of $6.", "Entrance Fees Welcome to the Lower Antelope Canyons Official Site. We are open 365 days a year. Lower Antelope Canyon has the cheapest entrance fee of anyone in town. Adult Total Cost : $18.50 Children (5-12) Total Cost : $12.50 Group Discounts Avaliable (8 or more people) Navajo Nation Park pass is $6.00 Per person. This fee IS included with the prices above. The pass is valid for both canyons.", "Besides the walk-in visitors there are lots of daily tours from Page to Antelope Canyon Tribal Park. I think the price is not fair. The entrance fee (september 2007) for Upper Antelope Canyon is $26 (for a maximum of one hour) and the Lower Antelope Canyon costs $21 (with a maximum of 4 hours). This includes a $6 Navajo fee which is the official entrance fee of the park." ], "url": [ "http://www.nationalparksandmore.com/things-to-know-about-visiting-and-photographing-antelope-canyon/", "http://antelopecanyon.tripod.com/cost.html", "http://canyon-trails.com/antelope.htm" ] }

[]

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To find out how often it rises over 70, 80 or 90 °F each month in Detroit, scroll down farther. There are also monthly and yearly counts of days with cold weather. All the numbers are long-term historical averages based on climate data gathered from 1981 to 2010. Detroit typically has ten days in a summer when temperatures rise into the 90s Fahrenheit. Just one day per decade on average heats up to 100 °F (38 °C) or more.", "Weather history for Michigan, Vermont, United States. Weather in Michigan today. Weather history in other popular US cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Diego. ", "Detroit, Michigan has a humid continental climate with hot summers and no dry season. The area within 25 mi of this station is covered by grasslands (37%), croplands (33%), built-up areas (20%), forests (6%), and lakes and rivers (2%). The average fraction of time spent in various temperature bands: frigid (below 15A°15â), f (FREEZING°15a 15â F°To), 32a (32â°F cold 32A°32â), f (TO°50a 50â F°Cool), 50a (50â°F to 65A°65â), f (COMFORTABLE°65a 65â F°To), 75a (75â°F warm 75A°75â) f to (85a 85â°F). hot 85a 85â f to 100a 100â f and sweltering above", "Detroit Temperatures: Averages by Month. The numbers here tell you how hot and cold the weather usually is in Detroit, Michigan during each month of the year. The average high and low temperatures are listed below monthly and annually for the city, in both degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius. Maximums and minimums are only part of the temperature picture. All the numbers are long-term historical averages based on climate data gathered from 1981 to 2010. Detroit typically has ten days in a summer when temperatures rise into the 90s Fahrenheit. Just one day per decade on average heats up to 100 °F (38 °C) or more.", "When, how much and how often Detroit, Michigan has snow — with monthly and yearly averages for total days and inches of snowfall, snow accumulation, heavy snowstorms and first snowfall. The links take you to data for normal temperatures, precipitation, snowfall, sunshine and humidity. Farther down the page you'll find links to in-depth weather information for Detroit, Ann Arbor, Grand Rapids and other places in the state.", "1 Physical Characteristics of the Great Lakes. 2 Average Surface Water Temperature from the Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis (GLSEA). 3 Previous 365 days GLSEA Average Surface Water Temperature (1024x1024). ", "Select a link for the average weather, by month or year, in cities, towns and parks throughout Michigan. The links take you to data for normal temperatures, precipitation, snowfall, sunshine and humidity. Farther down the page you'll find links to in-depth weather information for Detroit, Ann Arbor, Grand Rapids and other places in the state.", "2.2. The highest average temperature in Flint is July at 70.6 degrees. The coldest average temperature in Flint is February at 24.6 degrees. The most monthly precipitation in Flint occurs in September with 4 inches. The Flint weather information is based on the average of the previous 3-7 years of data. Loading... ", "Av. annual snowfall: 51 inch. Climate data for Lansing, MI - 48906 - 1981-2010 normals-weather. Jan: January, Feb: February, Mar: March, Apr: April, May: May, Jun: June, Jul: July, Aug: August, Sep: September, Oct: October, Nov: November, Dec: December.", "This report describes the typical weather at the Willow Run Airport (Detroit, Michigan, United States) weather station over the course of an average year. It is based on the historical records from 2000 to 2012. Earlier records are either unavailable or unreliable. The average fraction of time spent in various temperature bands: frigid (below 15A°15â), f (FREEZING°15a 15â F°To), 32a (32â°F cold 32A°32â), f (TO°50a 50â F°Cool), 50a (50â°F to 65A°65â), f (COMFORTABLE°65a 65â F°To), 75a (75â°F warm 75A°75â) f to (85a 85â°F). hot 85a 85â f to 100a 100â f and sweltering above" ], "url": [ "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Michigan/Places/detroit-temperatures-by-month-average.php", "http://www.meoweather.com/history/United%20States/na/43.7894444/-72.8852778/Michigan.html", "https://weatherspark.com/averages/31987/Detroit-Michigan-United-States", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Michigan/Places/detroit-temperatures-by-month-average.php", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Michigan/average-michigan-weather.php", "http://coastwatch.glerl.noaa.gov/statistic/statistic.html", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Michigan/average-michigan-weather.php", "http://www.areavibes.com/flint-mi/weather/", "http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/michigan/united-states/3192", "https://weatherspark.com/averages/31987/Detroit-Michigan-United-States" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Some types of ready-to-eat cereals have a small amount of fiber from ingredients such as nuts or fruits, but whole grains are the primary source of fiber in Honey Bunches of Oats. A claim on the front of the packages states that every serving provides 10 grams of whole grains.", "Achieving better blood sugar results Weight loss and weight management Reducing confusion with treatment (what to eat, drink, activity, testing) Coping with diagnosis, feeling better, and increasing energy levels.", "Crispy flakes, crunchy oats & a touch of honey! Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol, and as low as possible in trans fat, may reduce the risk of heart disease. Nutrition Benefits: Heart Healthy: 0 g trans fat; 0 g saturated fat; 0 mg cholesterol per serving.", "Honey Bunches of Oats consists of a mixture of whole and processed grains, including whole-grain wheat and oats, and processed corn and rice. It's fortified with iron, zinc and a variety of vitamins. It qualifies as a healthy cereal by some standards, such as calories and fat content.", "Whole grains are a great source of fiber and other nutrients. Fiber is one of the most important things we need in our diet. Here is what fiber does for you: - Fiber helps your body process food from one end to the other. - Fiber plays an important role in mediating the blood sugar spikes from carbohydrate-rich food.", "Delicious and nutritious too! Whole Grain: Honey Bunches of Oats with Almond is a good source of whole grain, with 10 g per serving. Nutritionists recommend eating 3 or more servings of whole grain foods per day (about 16 g whole grain per serving or at least 48 g per day).", "1 Reducing blood sugar levels in people with diabetes when oat bran is used in the diet. 2 Eating oats and oat bran for 6 weeks significantly decreases before-meal blood sugar, 24-hour blood sugar, and insulin levels in people with type 2 diabetes.", "GlucoMenu helps Type 1, Type 2 & Pre-Diabetics with. Achieving better blood sugar results Weight loss and weight management Reducing confusion with treatment (what to eat, drink, activity, testing) Coping with diagnosis, feeling better, and increasing energy levels. 1 Achieving better blood sugar results.", "1 Post Honey Bunches of Oats cereal is a delicious mix of 4 different flakes and tasty granola bunches. 2 It is a unique taste of flakes and crunchy oat clusters for a healthy twist for breakfast or any time you are looking for a great healthy and delicious meal." ], "url": [ "http://www.livestrong.com/article/340700-is-honey-bunches-of-oats-a-healthy-cereal/", "http://foodpicker.glucomenu.com/categories/cereal/foodizer.asp?ceid=261", "http://www.thegrocerygirls.com/post-honey-bunches-of-oats-cereal-with-almonds.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/340700-is-honey-bunches-of-oats-a-healthy-cereal/", "http://www.fooducate.com/product/Post%20Honey%20Bunches%20Of%20Oats%20Honey%20Roasted/B1158B00-126E-11E0-BF92-FEFD45A4D471", "http://www.thegrocerygirls.com/post-honey-bunches-of-oats-cereal-with-almonds.html", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-814-OATS.aspx?activeIngredientId=814&activeIngredientName=OATS", "http://foodpicker.glucomenu.com/categories/cereal/foodizer.asp?ceid=261", "http://www.amazon.com/Honey-Bunches-Oats-Crunchy-Roasted/dp/B00IAE91AI" ] }

[]

[ "PVsyst is a program designed for the study, sizing and data analysis of complete PV systems." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "PVsyst is designed to be used by architects, engineer, and researchers. It is also a very useful educative tool. It includes a detailed contextual Help menu that explains the procedures and models that are used, and offers a user-freindly approach with guide to develop a project. PVsyst is able to import meteo data from many different sources, as well as personal data.", "Institute of the Environmental Sciences / Group of Energy / PVsyst Summary Losses in a PV system simulation may be: - Determined by specific models (shadings) - Interpretations of models (PV module behaviour) - User's parameter specifications (soiling, wiring, etc). Institute of the Environmental Sciences / Group of Energy / PVsyst Losses specified by the user Soiling loss: defined in %, either in yearly or in monthly values. Allows for specification of dirt, mosses on the frame, sand winds, etc Also useable for the snow.", "PVsyst is a program designed for the study, sizing and data analysis of complete PV systems. It deals with grid-connected, stand-alone, pumping and DC-grid (public transportation) PV systems, and includes extensive meteo and PV systems components databases, as well as general solar energy tools. All comments (0). PVsyst allows you to study and design photovoltaic systems, which use solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. The program offers three main design options.", "PVSyst has a database of profiles referred to as PAN files for every module produced in the world by all of the major manufacturers. These PAN file parameters can be accessed through the Photon Database for PV modules. There are two other means to access PAN files. modeling analysis As stated previously, PVSyst is the predominant program that is being used in the United States. SolarWorld used PVSyst 5.57 to create the predicted energy model for SW 255 monocrystalline modules.", "predictive energy modeling with solarworld and pvsyst America’s Authority on Solar. The purpose of this white paper is to discuss energy output projections for SW 255 monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic SolarWorld Sunmodule Plus solar modules using predictive energy modeling. modeling analysis As stated previously, PVSyst is the predominant program that is being used in the United States. SolarWorld used PVSyst 5.57 to create the predicted energy model for SW 255 monocrystalline modules.", "System sizing: Visual tool. A specific tool gathers all constraints for the sizing of the system: For the number of modules in a series: the upper diagram shows the I/V curve of the PV array, together with the MPPT range, voltage, power, and current limits of the inverter. The optimal sizing of the inverter is based on the acceptable overload loss throughout the year. It usually leads to over-size the power ratio (array nominal power by respect to the inverter nom. AC power), by a factor of 1.25. After a good system sizing, you can define different losses like far and near shadings using a full 3D editor for the definition of the environmental and near shading conditions", "The specific energy [kWh/kWp] is an indicator of production based on the available irradiation (location and orientation). Shows the main energies and gains/losses involved in the simulation, Powerful tool for a quick analysis of the system's behavior, and potential improvements in the design. The optimal sizing of the inverter is based on the acceptable overload loss throughout the year. It usually leads to over-size the power ratio (array nominal power by respect to the inverter nom. AC power), by a factor of 1.25. After a good system sizing, you can define different losses like far and near shadings using a full 3D editor for the definition of the environmental and near shading conditions", "Every day, thousands of users submit information to File.org about which programs they use to open specific types of files. We use this information to help you open your files. We do not yet have a description of PVsyst itself, but we do know which types of files our users open with it. The list of known supported file types is further down the page. Clicking a file type you need help opening will in most cases find several other programs that can open that particular type of file too. Try a few programs and see which one works best for you. ", "Peer-to-peer file-sharing clients are a dime a dozen these days, and many of these applications are quite similar to one another. Pvsyst 6 Activation Code Generator is one more entry into this category of software, and although it works, there’s nothing about it that particularly distinguishes it from the competition. Pvsyst 6 Activation Code Generator is a tiny clipboard Pvsyst 6 Activation Code Generator, it can be recalled via a Pvsyst 6 Activation Code Generator and supports both bitmap and text clipboards. Pvsyst 6 Activation Code Generator is very unobstrusive and will change the way you think about clipboard operations." ], "url": [ "http://www.pvsyst.com/", "http://energy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/Mermoud_PVSyst_Thu-840-am.pdf", "http://pvsyst.software.informer.com/", "http://www.solarworld-usa.com/~/media/www/files/technical-bulletins/predictive-energy-modeling-solarworld-pvsyst-white-paper.pdf", "http://www.solarworld-usa.com/~/media/www/files/technical-bulletins/predictive-energy-modeling-solarworld-pvsyst-white-paper.pdf", "http://www.pvsyst.com/en/software", "http://www.pvsyst.com/en/software", "http://file.org/free-download/pvsyst", "http://downloadandhavefun.net/pvsyst-6-activation-code/" ] }

[]

[ "It is authentic African cuisine." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In Africa black-eyed beans (which are indigenous to the continent, where they are a staple food), mung beans and red kidney beans are most commonly used. Beans are used in several types of dishes, for instance soups, stews, rice dishes, salads and as snacks. Mostly grown small scale in compound gardens. General Yams, plantains, green bananas and cassava are the essential staples in Africa. These vegetables are grown and used all over the continent, either on their own or combined with others. Meat, on the other hand, is often used merely as one of a number of flavorings, rather than as a main ingredient in cooking.", "Staple foods are foods that are eaten regularly enough to produce energy and nutrients. In terms of energy, the United Nations lists the average African diet as 46 percent cereals, 20 percent roots and tubers, and 7 percent animal products. Staple foods that grow in Africa have to be able to thrive in nutrient poor soil and withstand drought and very hot weather. Millet and Sorghum. The primary cereal staple in Africa is millet. The advantages of growing millet are that it is drought resistant, keeps well and, according to the Vegetarian Society, contains higher levels of protein and iron than many other cereals.", "The staple food of a specific society may be eaten as often as every day, or every meal. Early agricultural civilizations valued the foods that they established as staples because, in addition to providing necessary nutrition, they generally are suitable for storage over long periods of time without decay. Other staple foods include pulses (dried legumes), sago (derived from the pith of the sago palm tree), and fruits such as breadfruit and plantains. Staple foods may also contain, depending on the region, sorghum, olive oil, coconut oil and sugar.", "The staple food of South Africa is pap. It is a thick porridge made from maize meal. Pap is eaten with vegetables or a meat stew. Pap which is a traditional porridge made from mielie meal (ground maize) is the stable food for many people in South Africa. It can be eaten by itself in a runny form for brea … kfast or with a meat or tomato gravy in a thicker mixture as an alternative to mashed potato at a main meal.", "The staple food in different parts of the world is a function of weather patterns, local terrain, farming constraints, acquired tastes and ecosystems. For example, the main energy source staples in the average African diet are cereals (46 percent), roots and tubers (20 percent) and animal products (7 percent). In Western Europe the main staples in the average diet are animal products (33 percent), cereals (26 percent) and roots and tubers (4 percent). Other staple foods include pulses (dried legumes), sago (derived from the pith of the sago palm tree), and fruits such as breadfruit and plantains. Staple foods may also contain, depending on the region, sorghum, olive oil, coconut oil and sugar.", "Most Africans won't need an introduction to our food staples, although it might not be known to everybody that, for example the cassava is nourishing 500 million people on a worldwide basis and has its origin in the Brazilian Amazon. General Yams, plantains, green bananas and cassava are the essential staples in Africa. These vegetables are grown and used all over the continent, either on their own or combined with others. Meat, on the other hand, is often used merely as one of a number of flavorings, rather than as a main ingredient in cooking.", "African Staple Food. Food and ingredients which dominate authentic African cuisine. These are consumed on a daily basis. Dominant in African cuisine are fufu, sadza or ugali, green vegetable relish, meats and soured milk. Root vegetables such as cassava, yams or green banana and plantain. ", "The Staple food of southern Africa is Maize (corn). Although many cultures along the coast of South Africa depend primarily on marine food, the majority of Southern African c … ultures survive primarily on maize products and foods, the most popular of which seems to be Pap. ", "Confidence votes 94. The Staple food of southern Africa is Maize (corn). Although many cultures along the coast of South Africa depend primarily on marine food, the majority of Southern African cultures survive primarily on maize products and foods, the most popular of which seems to be Pap. Pap which is a traditional porridge made from mielie meal (ground maize) is the stable food for many people in South Africa. It can be eaten by itself in a runny form for brea … kfast or with a meat or tomato gravy in a thicker mixture as an alternative to mashed potato at a main meal.", "Below an alphabetic list of the 31 most common food staples in Africa, vegetables, herbs and spices. Under each product/staple, you will find information concerning origin and use. Some historical information is also added under most of them. General Yams, plantains, green bananas and cassava are the essential staples in Africa. These vegetables are grown and used all over the continent, either on their own or combined with others. Meat, on the other hand, is often used merely as one of a number of flavorings, rather than as a main ingredient in cooking." ], "url": [ "http://afrol.com/archive/food_staples.htm", "http://www.ehow.com/list_6603034_staple-foods-africa.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_food", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_staple_food_of_South_Africa", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_food", "http://afrol.com/archive/food_staples.htm", "http://africancuisine.about.com/od/African-Staples/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_staple_foods_of_Africa", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_staple_food_of_South_Africa", "http://afrol.com/archive/food_staples.htm" ] }

[]

[ "150 pounds and takes up 38 cubic feet. A 32-inch refrigerator or freezer weighs about 200 pounds and takes up 44 cubic feet." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The specification sheet for a current 26 cu. ft. side-by-side Kenmore refrigerator is provided in the link below. This specification sheet shows that this particular model weighs 295 pounds. Although your exact model may be slightly different, I suspect that it will be about the same weight. ", "French-door model fridges combine the side-by-side model with the bottom-freezer style, but they have a drawer freezer unit. Some models have two bottom drawer freezers. The average height and width of this style of refrigerator are 68 inches and 35 inches, respectively, with a depth of 29 inches.", "On average, a full size refrigerator (18+ cubic feet) weighs 250-350 pounds. More Info: The range in weights of refrigerators is dramatic with a few lightweight models weighing less than 175 pounds while a Sub-Zero refrigerator can weigh up to 800 pounds. Most refrigerator models fall between", "Refrigerators with the freezer on the top or the bottom have similar dimensions, to within 1 inch, in that the freezer takes up about one third of the total fridge space. The average dimensions of top or bottom freezer fridges are a width of 29 inches, a depth of 31 inches and a height of 66 or 67 inches. The door adds 27 inches to the depth of the fridge when it's open to 90 degrees. Some models have two bottom drawer freezers. The average height and width of this style of refrigerator are 68 inches and 35 inches, respectively, with a depth of 29 inches.", "According to a few refrigerator websites, the average width of a freezer-on-top or freezer-on-bottom refrigerator is 33 inches. They can range from 23 to 36 inches. Side … -by-Side models are usually wider. 59 people found this useful. In the U.S. today, the average refrigerator in a typical home provides between 18 and 26 cubic feet of storage space. For an average family of four, 19-22 cubic feet is commo … n.", "In side-by-side fridges, the freezer and the fresh food compartments each run from the top to the bottom of the fridge parallel to each other and with their own doors. The average side-by-side refrigerator is 35 inches wide, 30 inches deep and 71 inches high. Some models have two bottom drawer freezers. The average height and width of this style of refrigerator are 68 inches and 35 inches, respectively, with a depth of 29 inches.", "According to a few refrigerator websites, the average width of a freezer-on-top or freezer-on-bottom refrigerator is 33 inches. They can range from 23 to 36 inches. Side … -by-Side models are usually wider. In the U.S. today, the average refrigerator in a typical home provides between 18 and 26 cubic feet of storage space. For an average family of four, 19-22 cubic feet is commo … n. These figures combine both the refrigerated compartment and the freezer compartment" ], "url": [ "http://www.shopyourway.com/questions/1014109", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/average-length-width-kitchen-refrigerator-88386.html", "http://www.sophisticatededge.com/how-much-does-a-refrigerator-weigh.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/average-length-width-kitchen-refrigerator-88386.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_weight_of_refrigerators", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/average-length-width-kitchen-refrigerator-88386.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_weight_of_a_refrigerator" ] }

[]

[ "1-2 days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Raw sausage (pork, beef, or turkey): 1 to 2 days (refrigerator) or 1 to 2 months (freezer). 2 Cooked chicken or turkey dishes: 3 to 4 days (refrigerator) or 4 to 6 months (freezer). 3 Fried chicken: 3 to 4 days (refrigerator) or 4 months (freezer). 1 Rotisserie chicken: 3 to 4 days (refrigerator) or 2 to 3 months (freezer). 2 Opened package of hot dogs: 1 week (refrigerator) or 1 to 2 months (freezer). 3 Opened package of deli meat: 3 to 4", "1 The precise answer to the question “How long does cooked ground beef last?” depends to a large extent on storage conditions — refrigerate ground beef / hamburger within two hours of cooking. ", "Meats do not last long in the refrigerator. Only about 3 to 4 days if it is raw. Then 1 to 2 days longer if cooked and placed in an airtight container. You should always … cover meats when stored in the fridge. Meats can be kept in the refrigerator for 3 to 4 days if raw and 1 to 2 days longer if cooked. Always place cooked meats in an airt … ight container. 3 people found this useful.", "Red meat and pork can remain in the refrigerator up to 5 days and can be frozen for 4-12 months. Leftover cooked meat will last 3-4 days in the refrigerator and 2-6 months in the freezer. Ground meats (beef, veal, pork, or poultry) can be refrigerated for 1-2 days and frozen for 3-4 months. Lunchmeats and hot dogs will last two weeks in the refrigerator unopened and should be eaten within 3-5 days of opening (hot dogs can go a couple of days longer). In the freezer they’ll last 1-2 months. Bacon is safe to eat for up to a week in the fridge—but raw sausage should be eaten within two days. Both can be frozen for a month, and some sausage will freeze for twice as long. Eggs can be refrigerated for up to a month raw but no more than a week hard-boiled", "Raw poultry lasts just a day or two in the fridge (at a temperature of 40 degrees Fahrenheit or colder), but up to a year in the freezer. Cooked poultry can be refrigerated a few days longer and should be frozen no longer than 2-6 months. In the freezer they’ll last 1-2 months. Bacon is safe to eat for up to a week in the fridge—but raw sausage should be eaten within two days. Both can be frozen for a month, and some sausage will freeze for twice as long. Eggs can be refrigerated for up to a month raw but no more than a week hard-boiled", "Bacteria continue to multiply slowly in the refrigerator. If you do not plan to cook meat with 2 to 4 days, or within 24 hours for ground meat, wrap and freeze. Defrost meat in fridge, not on counter. Room temperature will allow the growth of bacteria on the surface of the meat, even while the inside remains frozen. ", "Meats are kept better in the freezer. Meats can be kept in the refrigerator for 3 to 4 days if raw and 1 to 2 days longer if cooked. Always place cooked meats in an airt … ight container. 3 people found this useful.", "Confidence votes 30.7K. Meats are kept better in the freezer. Meats can be kept in the refrigerator for 3 to 4 days if raw and 1 to 2 days longer if cooked. Always place cooked meats in an airtight container. Whether this food is cooked or raw it will only last a few days in the refrigerator.This food will keep for about 5 days in the refrigerator. Place the food in an air tight co … ntainer for best results. It can later be transferred to the freezer for longer storage. 2 people found this useful.", "1 How long does a cooked roast of beef last at room temperature? 2 Bacteria grow rapidly at temperatures between 40 °F and 140 °F; cooked roast beef should be discarded if left for more than 2 hours at room temperature. 1 The precise answer to the question “How long does a cooked roast of beef last?” depends to a large extent on storage conditions — refrigerate roast beef within two hours of cooking." ], "url": [ "http://blog.foodnetwork.com/healthyeats/2013/06/25/how-long-will-the-food-in-your-refrigerator-last/", "http://stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/16507", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_can_you_keep_cooked_beef_in_the_refrigerator", "http://www.rd.com/health/healthy-eating/how-long-can-you-store-meat-in-the-fridge-or-freezer/", "http://www.rd.com/health/healthy-eating/how-long-can-you-store-meat-in-the-fridge-or-freezer/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070318213351AAc0vSP", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_can_you_keep_cooked_beef_in_the_refrigerator", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_will_cooked_roast_beef_stay_fresh_in_the_refrigerator", "http://stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/16498" ] }

[]

[ "approximately $113K per year.", "$36,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Average Walt Disney World Salaries. The average salary for walt disney world jobs is $36,000. Average walt disney world salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term walt disney world anywhere in the job listing", "Wages vary greatly based on jobs and how long employees have worked with the company. For example, a Disney character's wage starts at $8.20 per hour, and maxes out at $13.59. Base pay for an entertainment technician, on the other hand, starts at $14.75 an hour and is capped at $21.60. ", "($77K) are the next top-paying cities. Orlando, Fla. is near the bottom for pay at about $70K. By state, the highest pay levels are found in Washington, where the average The Walt Disney Company employee makes approximately $113K per year. Go to Financial Analyst at The Walt Disney Company salaries &raquo. Go to all Financial Analyst salaries &raquo. See 99 more jobs for The Walt Disney Company ». Precise Range Estimated Range. Country: United States | Currency: USD | Updated: 4 Jul 2015 | Individuals Reporting: 608.", "The average pay for a Walt Disney World Cast Member depends on what job they are performing. The starting pay ranges between about $8. to $12.00. Cassie L. I am a lifelong Disney fan. I attended Walt Disney World in 1971, and was there during the opening week of EPCOT, and have visited the Disney Parks more than 30 times.", "Headquartered in Burbank, Calif., The Walt Disney Company offers a range of employment opportunities in the entertainment, from Senior Financial Analyst to Financial Analyst. The Walt Disney Company pays its employees $68K per year on average. Go to Financial Analyst at The Walt Disney Company salaries &raquo. Go to all Financial Analyst salaries &raquo. See 99 more jobs for The Walt Disney Company ». Precise Range Estimated Range. Country: United States | Currency: USD | Updated: 4 Jul 2015 | Individuals Reporting: 608.", "$ 23000 average custodial worker salaries for job postings in walt disney world fl are 10 % lower than average custodial worker salaries for job postings nationwide", "For those with five to nine years of experience, average earnings amount to $76K annually. The largest fraction of The Walt Disney Company people (31 percent) have been working for 10-19 years and earn around $91K per year on average. Go to Financial Analyst at The Walt Disney Company salaries &raquo. Go to all Financial Analyst salaries &raquo. See 99 more jobs for The Walt Disney Company ». Precise Range Estimated Range. Country: United States | Currency: USD | Updated: 4 Jul 2015 | Individuals Reporting: 608.", "This Site Might Help You. RE: Average hourly wage at Walt Disney World? I'm looking into getting a part-time job at Walt Disney World this summer, and I was wondering what the beginning hourly wage was for first-time, teenage cast members at the parks. Also, which of the parks and which position is the best to attempt to reach?", "Now, an attractions employee of Walt Disney World who has put in, for sake of argument, 40 years with the company (yes, they exist, I have met many) after this contract will make $14.07 an hour (with additional $.50 per hour wage increases per year over the next three years). This entry was posted in Disney and tagged $10 an hour, Disney cast members, Disney union, disney world pay rate, employee discounts, employee morale, minimum wage, union employees, working conditions." ], "url": [ "http://www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-walt-disney-world-jobs.html", "http://money.cnn.com/2014/02/11/news/companies/disney-workers-union/index.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=The_Walt_Disney_Company/Salary", "http://www.disneyquestions.com/average-pay-disney-world-cast-member/", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=The_Walt_Disney_Company/Salary", "http://www.indeed.com/salary/q-Custodial-Worker-l-Walt-Disney-World,-FL.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=The_Walt_Disney_Company/Salary", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070405163249AAakAUw", "http://themeparkuniversity.com/disney/depth-look-walt-disney-world-employee-wages/" ] }

[]

[ "Muscle fiber, muscle fibre. fibre, fiber-any of several elongated, threadlike cells" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Skeletal muscle: Along with smooth and cardiac muscle, one of the types of muscle tissue in the body. Skeletal muscle represents the majority of muscle tissue. It is the type of muscle that powers movement of the skeleton, as in walking and lifting. ", "Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is? a. muscle fiber b. fascicle c. aponeurosis d. fascia 2. which is not true of the myelin sheath? a. it's associated with white fibers in the brain b. it's important for nerve impulse conduction c. it covers cell bodies in... show more 1. ", "somatic cell, vegetative cell-any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells; a cell that does not participate in the production of gametes; somatic cells are produced from preexisting cells; striated muscle cell, striated muscle fiber-an elongated contractile cell in striated muscle tissue. 1. muscle cell-an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body. muscle fiber, muscle fibre. fibre, fiber-any of several elongated, threadlike cells (especially a muscle fiber or a nerve fiber). muscle, musculus-one of the contractile organs of the body.", "Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and motion. Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis. There are three types of muscle, skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth. Muscle action can be classified as being either voluntary or involuntary", "Skeletal muscle structure. Different types of muscle tissue. An organism's muscle tissue is composed of muscle cells. Multi-unit smooth muscle cells operate independently and single-unit, or visceral, smooth muscle cells operate together as a unit. Muscle mass can be gained artificially from injections of performance-enhancing drugs and hormones.", "Muscle cell. Definition. noun, plural: muscle cells. Any of the long, tubular mature contractile cells that make up the muscle tissue. Supplement. The muscle tissue is one of the four fundamental types of animal tissues. The muscle tissue is comprised of specialized cells capable of contraction. These cells are called muscle cells (also called myocytes or muscle fiber). The muscle cell is also called the muscle fiber because it is long and tubular", "A myocyte (also known as a muscle cell) is the type of cell found in muscle tissue. Myocytes are long, tubular cells that develop from myoblasts to form muscles in a process known as myogenesis. There are various specialized forms of myocytes: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells, with various properties. The striated cells of cardiac and skeletal muscles are referred to as muscle fibers. Cardiomyocytes are the muscle fibres that form the chambers of the heart, and have a single central nucleus. Skeletal muscle fibers help support and move the body and tend to have peripheral nuclei. Smooth muscle cells control involuntary movements such as the peristalsis contractions in the oesophagus and stomach.", "Helpful Links. Blackboard. Plasticity in Smooth Muscle. Smooth muscle shows multiple kinds of plasticity A definition first-in a physiological situation, plasticity is used to describe long-term changes in how a cell/tissue functions, although it may also include long-term changes in the appearance of the cell/tissue." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5502", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111119175138AA4112d", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/muscle+cell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-muscle-cell.htm", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Muscle_cell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocyte", "http://courses.kcumb.edu/physio/smoothmuscle/plasticity.htm" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Rhode Island Surrogacy Law. There is no provision on surrogacy in Rhode Island state law, but it appears to be permitted as a prohibition on cloning has an explicit exception for the assisted reproductive technologies used in gestational surrogacy. South Carolina Surrogacy Law. Wisconsin law does not directly address the legality of surrogacy contracts, but does state that the surrogate mother’s name is to be added to the birth certificate until “a court determines parental rights,” at which time a new birth certificate with names of the intended parents may be issued.", "A surrogate's unimaginable dilemma – Crystal Kelley was offered $10,000 to have an abortion after ultrasounds showed the baby she was carrying for another couple had severe medical problems. Click through the gallery to see how Kelley's gut-wrenching surrogacy story played out. 10 photos: A surrogate's unimaginable dilemma. A $10,000 termination fee – The parents offered Kelley $10,000 to abort the baby. In what Kelley describes as a weak moment she told them she would consider going forward with the termination for $15,000.", "Alabama Surrogacy Law Alabama law does not directly address surrogacy, but at least one court has acknowledged the parental rights of non-biological participants in a surrogacy arrangement in a best interests of the child analysis. Alaska Surrogacy Law There is no provision on surrogacy in Alaska state law. Wisconsin law does not directly address the legality of surrogacy contracts, but does state that the surrogate mother’s name is to be added to the birth certificate until “a court determines parental rights,” at which time a new birth certificate with names of the intended parents may be issued.", "Delaware Surrogacy Law. There is no provision on surrogacy in Delaware state law, but it appears to be prohibited as a lower court held that a “contractual agreement to terminate parental rights … is against the public policy of this [s]tate and may not be enforced by the [c]ourt.”. District of Columbia Surrogacy Law. Wisconsin law does not directly address the legality of surrogacy contracts, but does state that the surrogate mother’s name is to be added to the birth certificate until “a court determines parental rights,” at which time a new birth certificate with names of the intended parents may be issued.", "Not only is commercial surrogacy considered a felony in New York, the surrogate would be allowed to keep the baby, says Brisman. Brisman's own surrogacy process had its ups and downs. I got my children right away from the minute they were born by terminating the surrogate's right, she said. I think gestational surrogacy is still illegal in New York because there hasn't been an organized effort to change the law since the infamous Baby M case, Hoylman noted. Melissa Brisman, owner of Reproductive Possibilities, the largest surrogacy agency on the East Coast, also points to the case as a watershed moment.", "Traditional surrogacy is the process by which a surrogate mother is inseminated with the intended father (or another's) sperm, and is biologically related to the baby. Traditional surrogacy creates a legal presumption of parentage for the mother in every state. Surrogacy agreements are more common now than ever, which is evidence by their appearance in the Uniform Parentage Act, state laws and online. However, surrogacy is still considered a unique option for family creation.", "When Crystal Kelley, a Connecticut woman who had signed a contract to bear a baby for a couple in her state, was five months pregnant, a routine ultrasound showed that the fetus had a cleft palate, a brain cyst and heart defects. Like Ms. Weber in Kansas, some are eager to be surrogates as often as their doctors will let them: Six pregnancies is a common limit. Ms. Weber, 32, who has a 12-year old daughter, first carried a baby for a single man in Europe. Then came a couple in the East Village of New York City, then another in Los Angeles.", "DePrimo guided Kelley through the Connecticut state law regarding surrogacy. In the state, a gestational carrier that is biologically unrelated to the child has no parental rights. After Baby S was born, in Connecticut, she would be placed in foster care. For Kelley, this was not an option. She will be lost to me forever, Kelley wrote in a March 2012 blog post", "With the help of an egg donor, they froze six embryos and began the search. There was, however, one major obstacle for the Musmans-commercial surrogacy, or paying a woman to act as a gestational carrier for another's baby, is still illegal in New York state, one of six U.S. territories where the arrangement is outlawed. I think gestational surrogacy is still illegal in New York because there hasn't been an organized effort to change the law since the infamous Baby M case, Hoylman noted. Melissa Brisman, owner of Reproductive Possibilities, the largest surrogacy agency on the East Coast, also points to the case as a watershed moment." ], "url": [ "http://infertilityanswers.org/surrogacy__state_by_state", "http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/04/health/surrogacy-kelley-legal-battle/index.html", "http://infertilityanswers.org/surrogacy__state_by_state", "http://infertilityanswers.org/surrogacy__state_by_state", "http://www.nypress.com/the-state-of-surrogacy-in-new-york/", "http://www.stangelawfirm.com/Articles/Surrogacy-Agreements-The-Latest-Case-Law-and-Drafting-Tools.shtml", "http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/18/us/surrogates-and-couples-face-a-maze-of-laws-state-by-state.html", "http://abcnews.go.com/US/surrogate-mother-flees-halfway-us-save-baby-intended/story?id=18668498", "http://www.nypress.com/the-state-of-surrogacy-in-new-york/" ] }

[]

[ "$160" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "* The total price includes shipping fees which typically cover an entire order, making it more economical to purchase multiple medications in the same order. Coverage by Insurance: For a drug to be reimbursable from a health reimbursement account or flexible spending account it must be approved for sale in the U.S. and prescribed by a licensed U.S. physician, although drugs which you personally import are typically not reimbursable.", "A one-month supply of 40-mg febuxostat costs $160. This price far exceeds the cost of allopurinol, which is $14 (brand: $31) for a one-month supply. Febuxostat is available in 40-mg and 80-mg tablets. The initial dosage is 40 mg once per day, increasing to 80 mg once per day if serum uric acid levels remain at 6 mg per dL or higher after two weeks of therapy. Dosage adjustments are unnecessary for mild to moderate renal or hepatic impairment. SIMPLICITY. Febuxostat is available in 40-mg and 80-mg tablets. The initial dosage is 40 mg once per day, increasing to 80 mg once per day if serum uric acid levels remain at 6 mg per dL or higher after two weeks of therapy. Dosage adjustments are unnecessary for mild to moderate renal or hepatic impairment.", "Cost. In general, long-term uric-acid lowering therapy, such as allopurinol, probenecid, or febuxostat, may not be warranted in all patients but is most appropriate in patients with recurrent acute attacks, tophi, radiographic evidence of joint damage, and urate nephrolithiasis. Allopurinol and probenecid are currently available as generics, with prices of $0.24 per unit for allopurinol 100-mg tablets, $0.64 per unit for allopurinol 300-mg tablets, and $0.98 per unit for probenecid 500-mg tablets.", "2) We update all prices periodically. However, due to fluctuations in international exchange rates and drug prices, you may want to check the latest price directly on the vendor's site by clicking on its logo or on GO in the last column below. Coverage by Insurance: For a drug to be reimbursable from a health reimbursement account or flexible spending account it must be approved for sale in the U.S. and prescribed by a licensed U.S. physician, although drugs which you personally import are typically not reimbursable.", "Drug Febuxostat. The generic Febuxostat is manufactured by 5 companies. The information provided includes the cost of the drug and the type of drug-tablet, capsule, syrup, cream, gel, ointment, liquid or injection. To view the price of the drug click on the brand name", "If your physician has instructed or directed you to take Febuxostat medication in a regular schedule and you have missed a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, then skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. ", "This medication must be taken strictly as per doctor’s prescription. The recommended Uloric dosage for the treatment of hyperuricemia with gout is 40 mg once daily. If serum uric acid less than 6mg/dL is not achieved after 2 weeks of treatment with 40 mg, the dose may be increased to 80 mg daily. This medication can be taken with or without food or antacid. North Drug Store supplies brand or generic Uloric as 40 mg, 80 mg, and 120 mg tablets. You can buy Uloric from North Drug Store as we are a online prescription service and offer quick shipping.", "Uloric Dosage. The recommended Uloric dosage for the treatment of hyperuricemia with gout is 40 mg once daily. If serum uric acid less than 6mg/dL is not achieved after 2 weeks of treatment with 40 mg, the dose may be increased to 80 mg daily. This medication can be taken with or without food or antacid. North Drug Store supplies brand or generic Uloric as 40 mg, 80 mg, and 120 mg tablets. You can buy Uloric from North Drug Store as we are a online prescription service and offer quick shipping." ], "url": [ "http://www.pharmacychecker.com/generic/price-comparison/febuxostat/40+mg/", "http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0515/p1287.html", "http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/738620_10", "http://www.pharmacychecker.com/generic/price-comparison/febuxostat/40+mg/", "http://www.medindia.net/drug-price/febuxostat.htm", "http://www.internationaldrugmart.com/febuxostat.shtml", "https://www.northdrugstore.com/buy-Uloric.html", "https://www.northdrugstore.com/buy-Uloric.html" ] }

[]

[ "It is the frequent electronic copying data from a database in one computer or server to a database in another so that all users share the same level of information." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When you mark a database with sp_reptostandby and a table in that database with sp_setreptable, you must specify the replication status for the replication definition as always_replicate —because the default replication status is always_replicate. Columns that have user-defined datatypes must be defined in the replication definition with the underlying base datatypes. The replication status (that is, replicate_if_changed, always_replicate) of a text, unitext, image, or rawobject column must be the same for all replication definitions on the primary table.", "replication-Computer Definition. In database management, the ability to keep distributed databases synchronized by routinely copying the entire database or subsets of the database to other servers in the network. There are various replication methods. noun. Replication is the act of reproducing or copying something, or is a copy of something. 1 When an experiment is repeated and the results from the original are reproduced, this is an example of a replication of the original study. 2 A copy of a Monet painting is an example of areplication.", "If a table is replicated to standby or MSA connection using internal replication definition and dynamic SQL is enabled for the connection, any new replication definition for the table should define the column order consistent with the column order in the primary database. Columns that have user-defined datatypes must be defined in the replication definition with the underlying base datatypes. The replication status (that is, replicate_if_changed, always_replicate) of a text, unitext, image, or rawobject column must be the same for all replication definitions on the primary table.", "Database replication can be done in at least three different ways: 1 Snapshot replication: Data on one server is simply copied to another server, or to another database on the same server. 2 Merging replication: Data from two or more databases is combined into a single database. The result is a distributed database in which users can access data relevant to their tasks without interfering with the work of others. The implementation of database replication for the purpose of eliminating data ambiguity or inconsistency among users is known as normalization.", "Replication is the process of copying a database to another server, and then keeping the two copies in sync, so that they behave as near as possible. Replication copies data or changes of data from one database to an another. Accessing the first database or the second, it does not matter because they are the same, i.e. they are in sync. Replication is not limited to two databases, any number of database can take place into the replication model.", "Replication is a set of technologies for copying and distributing data and database objects from one database to another and then synchronizing between databases to maintain consistency. With these three types of replication, SQL Server provides a powerful and flexible system for synchronizing data across your enterprise. Replication to SQLCE 3.5 and SQLCE 4.0 is supported on both Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8.", "1 Snapshot replication: Data on one server is simply copied to another server, or to another database on the same server. 2 Merging replication: Data from two or more databases is combined into a single database. The result is a distributed database in which users can access data relevant to their tasks without interfering with the work of others. The implementation of database replication for the purpose of eliminating data ambiguity or inconsistency among users is known as normalization.", "vs. Super Micro SuperBlade. Database replication is the frequent electronic copying data from a database in one computer or server to a database in another so that all users share the same level of information. The result is a distributed database in which users can access data relevant to their tasks without interfering with the work of others. The implementation of database replication for the purpose of eliminating data ambiguity or inconsistency among users is known as normalization.", "If a replication definition column list contains a timestamp column and the replicate table is in Adaptive Server, the maintenance user must be the owner of the table (or must be “dbo” or aliased to “dbo”) at the replicate database. Columns that have user-defined datatypes must be defined in the replication definition with the underlying base datatypes. The replication status (that is, replicate_if_changed, always_replicate) of a text, unitext, image, or rawobject column must be the same for all replication definitions on the primary table.", "The process of creating and managing duplicate versions of a database. Replication not only copies a database but also synchronizes a set of replicas so that changes made to one replica are reflected in all the others. " ], "url": [ "http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/topic/com.sybase.infocenter.dc32410.1550/html/refman/X81836.htm", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/replication", "http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/topic/com.sybase.infocenter.dc32410.1550/html/refman/X81836.htm", "http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database-replication", "http://frext.sourceforge.net/replication-concepts.html", "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms151198.aspx", "http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database-replication", "http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database-replication", "http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/topic/com.sybase.infocenter.dc32410.1550/html/refman/X81836.htm", "http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/replication.html" ] }

[]

[ "Defender; protector of mankind" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Alejandro is the Spanish form of the name Alexander. It may also refer to: 1 Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt), a national park in Cuba. 2 Alejandro Selkirk Island, an island in the Juan Fernandez Fernández islands off the coast Of South. america Alejandro is the Spanish form of the name Alexander. It may also refer to: 1 Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt), a national park in Cuba. 2 Alejandro Selkirk Island, an island in the Juan Fernandez Fernández islands off the coast Of South. 3 America (alejandro) , song a song By Lady. gaga", "Then just follow the diagram below. Just for fun, see the name Alejandro in Hieroglyphics, learn about ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics and write a Hieroglyphic message. Learn about nautical flags and see your name or message written in nautical flags, on the Alejandro in Nautical Flags page. Parents give names that just appeal to them, honor relatives or saints, or are of traditional Spanish origin. Many Spanish given names honor the Virgin Mary. Girls are frequently given the name Maria or Maria followed by a suffix name and boys are sometimes given the name Maria as a middle name.", "Alejandro /ale-jan-dro/ [4 sylls.] as a boys' name is pronounced al-ay-HAHN-droh. It is of Spanish and Greek origin, and the meaning of Alejandro is man's defender, warrior. How popular is Alejandro? Alejandro is a very popular first name for males (#305 out of 1220, Top 25%) and also a very popular surname for all people (#5468 out of 150436, Top 4%). (2000 U.S. Census). Presented below is the baby name popularity of Alejandro for boys", "Baby names meanings search results: The name Alejandro is a baby boy name. The name Alejandro comes from the Spanish origin. In Spanish The meaning of the name Alejandro is: Spanish form of Alexander defends mankind. Similar Names: 1 Alejandra (Spanish)", "ok, so your supposed to be saying what the name means, and instead your talking about the song alejandro?????? really people? it means defender of someone, so if your name is alejandro, your name means that you will defend someone. Sponsored Links. Alejandro. ok, so your supposed to be saying what the name means, and instead your talking about the song alejandro?????? really people? it means defender of someone, so if your name is alejandro, your name means that you will defend someone. 48: vote up - 15: vote down. cute lovey guy. 75: vote up - 28: vote down", "The name Alejandro is of Spanish origin, and it means Defender of the People . It's a name commonly given to boys. ", "Greek Meaning: The name Alejandro is a Greek baby name. In Greek the meaning of the name Alejandro is: Defender; protector of mankind. Famous Bearer: Alexander the Great. American Meaning: The name Alejandro is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Alejandro is: Defender; protector of mankind. Famous Bearer: Alexander the Great. Spanish Meaning: The name Alejandro is a Spanish baby name. In Spanish the meaning of the name Alejandro is: Defends mankind." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Alejandro.html", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Alejandro", "http://babynames.allparenting.com/list/Spanish_Baby_Names/Alejandro/details/", "http://what-does-my-name-mean.org/name/alejandro/", "http://www.names.org/n/alejandro/about", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/alejandro" ] }

[]

[ "A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other.", "A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. A strong chemical bond is formed from the transfer or sharing of electrons between atomic centers and relies on the electrostatic attraction between the protons in nuclei and the electrons in the orbitals. The types of strong bond differ due to the difference in electronegativity of the constituent elements.", "metallic bond-a chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs. peptide bond, peptide linkage-the primary linkage of all protein structures; the chemical bond between the carboxyl groups and amino groups that unites a peptide. attraction, attractive force-the force by which one object attracts another. covalent bond-a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule. cross-link, cross-linkage-a side bond that links two adjacent chains of atoms in a complex molecule.", "A less often mentioned type of bonding is metallic bonding. In this type of bonding, each atom in a metal donates one or more electrons to a sea of electrons that reside between many metal atoms. In this sea, each electron is free (by virtue of its wave nature) to be associated with great many atoms at once. A strong chemical bond is formed from the transfer or sharing of electrons between atomic centers and relies on the electrostatic attraction between the protons in nuclei and the electrons in the orbitals. The types of strong bond differ due to the difference in electronegativity of the constituent elements.", "a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other. Other types of bonds include metallic bonds and hydrogen bonding", "Chemical bonding between atoms results in compounds that can be very different from the parent atoms. This module, the second in a series on chemical reactions, describes how atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to form ionic or covalent bonds. The module lists features of ionic and covalent compounds. A polar bond is formed when electrons are unequally shared between two atoms. Polar covalent bonding occurs because one atom has a stronger affinity for electrons than the other (yet not enough to pull the electrons away completely and form an ion).", "Main Types of Chemical Bonds. The two main types of bonds formed between atoms are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is formed when one atom accepts or donates one or more of its valence electrons to another atom. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons. ", "Chemical Bonding. Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms ... The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other.", "The H 2 molecule is a good example of the first type of covalent bond, the nonpolar bond. Because both atoms in the H 2 molecule have an equal attraction (or affinity) for electrons, the bonding electrons are equally shared by the two atoms, and a nonpolar covalent bond is formed. A polar bond is formed when electrons are unequally shared between two atoms. Polar covalent bonding occurs because one atom has a stronger affinity for electrons than the other (yet not enough to pull the electrons away completely and form an ion)." ], "url": [ "http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Chemical/bond.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chemical+bond", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond", "http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Chemical/bond.html", "http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/Chemical-Bonding/55", "http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalbonding/a/chemicalbonds.htm", "http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Chemical/bond.html", "http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/Chemical-Bonding/55" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Depreciation. This is the amount you can deduct over time for general wear and tear of the vehicle. The standard mileage rate includes an amount for depreciation and reduces the adjusted basis of the vehicle when you decide to sell or otherwise dispose of it.", "You cannot use the standard mileage rates if you claim vehicle depreciation. Prior Year: 2013 Tax Year Standard Deductible Mileage Rates from Jan. 1, 2013 - Dec. 31, 2013 ATTENTION: The following mileage rates are for 2013 Tax Returns.", "To use the standard mileage rate for a car you own, you must choose to use it in the first year the car is available for use in your business. Then, in later years, you can choose to use the standard mileage rate or actual expenses.", "How to Depreciate a Company Car. Claim a depreciation deduction for a company car on your business income taxes. Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images. When you use a car for your company, the Internal Revenue Service allows you to depreciate the car and write off the expense on your", "You cannot use the standard mileage rates if you claim vehicle depreciation. 2014 Tax Year Standard Deductible Mileage Rates from Jan. 1, 2014- Dec.31, 2014 ATTENTION: Use the rates below for your 2014 Tax Return, which is due April 15, 2015.", "However, because the vehicle is a passenger vehicle, your total deduction for 2014 is limited to $2,370 (75% business use x $3,160 annual limit = $2,370). If, as is expected, Congress acts to extend bonus depreciation to 2014, you can add an additional $6,000 (75% x $8,000 bonus = $6,000) for a total of $8,370.", "However, if you use the car for both business and personal purposes, you may deduct only the cost of its business use. You can generally figure the amount of your deductible car expense by using one of two methods: the standard mileage rate method or the actual expense method.", "For a car you lease, you must use the standard mileage rate method for the entire lease period (including renewals) if you choose the standard mileage rate. To use the actual expense method, you must determine what it actually costs to operate the car for the portion of the overall use of the car that is business use.", "OVERVIEW. If you use vehicles in your small business, how and when you deduct for the business use of those vehicles can have significant tax implications. It pays to learn the nuances of mileage deductions, buying versus leasing and depreciation of vehicles." ], "url": [ "https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Small-Business-Taxes/Business-Use-of-Vehicles/INF12071.html", "http://www.efile.com/tax-deduction/mileage-rates/", "https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc510.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/depreciate-company-car-53368.html", "http://www.efile.com/tax-deduction/mileage-rates/", "https://www.mileiq.com/blog/depreciation-deductions-for-your-business-vehicle/", "https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc510.html", "https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc510.html", "https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Small-Business-Taxes/Business-Use-of-Vehicles/INF12071.html" ] }

[]

[ "The best time to try and find a leak is when it’s raining outside, or you can also mimic rain conditions by spraying water on the roof. Go in the attic and look for damp spots or water stains, trace them back to their highest point, then examine that part of the roof for any potential problems." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "You know the roof is bad if shingles are missing or obviously damaged, or when water stains the ceiling or walls. The goal is to find the leak before the entire roof goes bad. Identifying the true location of roof leaks in the attic. If you have an attic, the easiest way to spot the leak is to up there on a rainy day. Water will reflect light, so bring a flashlight along. Once you locate the source of the water, mark the area.", "In most cases, you find out about a roof leak by seeing a water stain on your ceiling. To locate the source of the problem, go up into your attic and try to get above the stain in the ceiling. If you’re really lucky, you can locate the problem right away, but that’s rarely the case. ", "Method 1 of 4: Fixing Shingles. 1. Check for damage in the roofing material directly above where the leak is coming in. This will likely be easier to find on a flat roof, but leaks can also come into the house a good distance from where the actual roof damage is located. 1 If your roof is slanted, inspect areas on the roof that are higher than where the leak enters the home. ", "1 Begin by locating the leak on the inside of the home. 2 Confirm that the source of the water on the inside of the home is a result of a roof leak and not due to a problem associated with other components of the home. 1 Go into your attic and locate the source of the leak on the underside of the roof deck using the measurements taken from your home’s living space. 2 Review the active leak and note the surface where the leak is dripping from", "If you can’t find the cause of a leak from the attic or by visual inspection on the roof surface, wait for dry weather and ask a friend to help you do a water test. To do this, one person goes onto the roof with a garden hose; the other person goes inside the attic with a bucket and a strong light. Roof Leak Emergency. Fast Fix for a Roof Leak. About Do-It-Yourself Roof Repair. Expert advice on how to find, troubleshoot and fix a roof leak, including what to do in a roof leak emergency. The source of most roof leaks is hard to find because it originates away from where the leak shows up.", "Sometimes determining the source of the roof leak can be an even greater challenge. The source of the roof leak on the outside of the home rarely matches where the leak appears on the inside of the home. This leads to a good deal of frustration for the homeowner who is attempting to repair the leak. 1 Go into your attic and locate the source of the leak on the underside of the roof deck using the measurements taken from your home’s living space. 2 Review the active leak and note the surface where the leak is dripping from", "Metal Roof Repair. If the metal roof on your manufactured home develops a leak, find the source and fix it right away. If you don't, your walls, flooring, insulation, woodwork, doors and windows can become permanently damaged. Finding the leak can be the most challenging part of the repair. See our article on Identifying a Roof Leak for information on how to tell the difference. If you can't find the leak, you may need to coat the entire roof, which needs to be done every two years anyway. See our article on Coating Your Metal Roof for instructions.", "A small leak caused the roof sheathing and rafters of this home to rot. Mold grew in the insulation as well. If you have water stains that extend across ceilings or run down walls, the cause is probably a roof leak. Tracking down the leak is the hard part; the fixes are usually pretty easy. We’ll show you some simple tricks for finding and repairing most of the common types of roof leaks. If the problem still isn’t obvious, enlist a helper and go up on the roof with a garden hose. Start low, soaking the area just above where the leak appears in the house. Isolate areas when you run the hose. For example, soak the downhill side of a chimney first, then each side, then the top on both sides.", "Roof leaks can be hard to find, since they often run down the underside of sheathing or rafters to show up far from their actual source. The best time to try and find a leak is when it’s raining outside, or you can also mimic rain conditions by spraying water on the roof. Go in the attic and look for damp spots or water stains, trace them back to their highest point, then examine that part of the roof for any potential problems." ], "url": [ "http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-find-a-leak-in-a-roof.html", "http://www.todayshomeowner.com/video/tips-for-locating-hard-to-find-roof-leaks/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Repair-a-Leaking-Roof", "http://roofing.about.com/od/Roof-Repairs/a/Help-How-Do-I-Determine-What-Is-Causing-My-Roof-Leak.htm", "http://www.hometips.com/repair-fix/roof-leaks.html", "http://roofing.about.com/od/Roof-Repairs/a/Help-How-Do-I-Determine-What-Is-Causing-My-Roof-Leak.htm", "http://www.foremost.com/mygreathome/mobile-home-repair/exterior/repairing-a-metal-roof.asp", "http://www.familyhandyman.com/roof/repair/roof-repair-how-to-find-and-fix-roof-leaks/view-all", "http://www.todayshomeowner.com/video/how-to-find-roof-leaks-in-your-home/" ] }

[]

[ "In the Permian Basin" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "ODESSA, TEXAS. Odessa, the largest town and county seat of Ector County, is the chief shipping point for the surrounding livestock area as well as a center for the oil and gas industry.", "Welcome to Odessa, Texas. Known for clear skies and an amazing sunset, Odessa is home to a vibrant arts culture, and well-kept city parks. Odessa is a dynamic city with a different kind of adventure around each corner (and a perfect four season climate).", "North Odessa (79762): A few minutes from the city center of Odessa, North Odessa is a booming area of town. With proximity to downtown, Midland and I-20, it’s a popular neighborhood. Good shopping and museums are located in this part of town, as well.", "Situated at the hub of West Texas, Odessa traces its founding to the extension of the Texas and Pacific Railway across the South Plains in July 1881, and to a real estate promotion by the Odessa Land and Townsite Company.", "Odessa is a great location, home to Odessa College, the Ector Theater, and the Globe of the Great Southwest (a replica of the original Globe Theatre built in 1599 by William Shakespeare and his playing company). The Ector County Coliseum is over 158,000 square feet.", "Located 20 miles west of Midland in West Texas, Odessa is part of the Permian Basin and its largest industry has historically been oil, but the city also has a growing logistics industry.", "The two Outreach Clinics are located in Fort Stockton, TX and Stamford, TX. The West Texas VA Health Care System (WTVAHCS) proudly serves Veterans in 33 counties across 53,000 square miles of rural geography in West Texas and Eastern New Mexico.", "Odessa, Texas is located in the Permian Basin, on the vast West Texas area, in Ector County. Odessa counts with wide spaces and with great homestead property for homes, business, and ranching. Odessa is the county seat and is located in the Central Standard time zone. Odessa community.", "The George H. O’Brien, Jr. VA Medical Center is located in Big Spring, Texas and the four Community Based Outpatient Clinics (CBOC’s) and two Outreach Clinics that comprise the remainder of the health care system are located in Abilene, TX, San Angelo, TX, Odessa, TX, and Hobbs, NM." ], "url": [ "https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdo01", "https://www.apartmentlist.com/tx/odessa", "https://www.apartmentlist.com/tx/odessa", "https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdo01", "http://www.apartmentfinder.com/Texas/Odessa-Apartments", "http://www.apartmentfinder.com/Texas/Odessa-Apartments", "http://www.va.gov/directory/guide/facility.asp?ID=14", "http://www.odessa-tx.gov/index.aspx?page=196", "http://www.va.gov/directory/guide/facility.asp?ID=14" ] }

[]

[ "the SampleEnum" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "I am stuck in a project where I have to use the DataContractJsonSerializer coming with the .NET Framework. Serializing and Deserializing enum values by their name instead of their numerical value might not be obvious, so here is a simple example on how to do it.", "This topic demonstrates how to serialize .NET type objects into JSON-encoded data and then deserialize data in the JSON format back into instances of .NET types using the DataContractJsonSerializer. This example uses a data contract to demonstrate serialization and deserialization of a user-defined Person type.", "Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializationException: Cannot deserialize JSON object (i.e. {name:value}) into type 'JsonNetTests.Parameter[]'. The deserialized type should be a normal .NET type (i.e. not a primitive type like integer, not a collection type like an array or List) or a dictionary type (i.e. Dictionary). To force JSON objects to deserialize add the JsonObjectAttribute to the type.", "First of all we'll define an interface for the Serializer. Next we'll implement a sample Json Serializer using the DataContractJsonSerializer. Next we define the enum, which we want to serialize and deserialize to JSON. And then we'll define the class, that uses the SampleEnum. The trick is to use a string as a private property and override its getter and setter, so that: 1 The getter returns the name of the enum value when serializing it.", "up vote 2 down vote favorite. I have the following enum. and a class with this property. I want to serialize the list of enumerations to a list of strings, and that serialize list use the string specified in PropertyName (such as can_swim) instead of the property's actual name PermissionToSwim. However, whenever I call JsonConvert.SerializeObject, I end up with. instead of my desired." ], "url": [ "http://bytefish.de/blog/enum_datacontractjsonserializer/", "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb412179(v=vs.110).aspx", "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10708361/deserializing-array-of-enum-values-wih-json-net", "http://bytefish.de/blog/enum_datacontractjsonserializer/", "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/26391632/how-to-serialize-enums-to-different-property-name-using-json-net" ] }

[]

[ "It is a method for demonstrating the presence and location of proteins in tissue sections." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A variety of molecular pathways are altered in cancer and some of the alterations can be targeted in cancer therapy. Immunohistochemistry can be used to assess which tumors are likely to respond to therapy, by detecting the presence or elevated levels of the molecular target. The indirect method involves an unlabeled primary antibody (first layer) that binds to the target antigen in the tissue and a labeled secondary antibody (second layer) that reacts with the primary antibody.", "Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a common laboratory technique that is used to anatomically visualize the localization of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific primary antibody that binds to it. Immunocytochemistry differs from immunohistochemistry in that the former is performed on samples of intact cells that have had most, if not all, of their surrounding extracellular matrix removed.", "Immunohistochemical Analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis is a method for demonstrating the presence and location of proteins in tissue sections. Though less sensitive quantitatively than immunoassays such as western blotting or ELISA, it enables the observation of processes in the context of intact tissue. Immunohistochemical staining is accomplished with antibodies that recognize the target protein. Since antibodies are highly specific, the antibody will bind only to the protein of interest in the tissue section.", "Mouse-brain slice stained by Immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) refers to the process of detecting antigens (e.g. proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. The indirect method involves an unlabeled primary antibody (first layer) that binds to the target antigen in the tissue and a labeled secondary antibody (second layer) that reacts with the primary antibody.", "Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells (cultured cells, cell suspensions) by use of a specific antibody, which binds to it, thereby allowing visualization and examination under a microscope. Immunocytochemistry differs from immunohistochemistry in that the former is performed on samples of intact cells that have had most, if not all, of their surrounding extracellular matrix removed.", "Some examples of substrates used (also known as chromogens) are AEC (3-Amino-9-EthylCarbazole), or DAB (3,3'-Diaminobenzidine). Use of one of these reagents after exposure to the necessary enzyme (e.g., horseradish peroxidase conjugated to an antibody reagent) produces a positive immunoreaction product. Immunocytochemistry differs from immunohistochemistry in that the former is performed on samples of intact cells that have had most, if not all, of their surrounding extracellular matrix removed.", "Immunocytochemistry labels individual proteins within cells, such as TH (green) in the axons of sympathetic autonomic neurons. Immunocytochemistry differs from immunohistochemistry in that the former is performed on samples of intact cells that have had most, if not all, of their surrounding extracellular matrix removed.", "Medical Definition of IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL. : of or relating to the application of histochemical and immunologic methods to chemical analysis of living cells and tissues. — im·mu·no·his·to·chem·is·try \\-ˈke-mə-strē\\ noun. ADVERTISEMENT", "The immunocytochemical analyses were conducted by adhering to the established protocol [3] . To demask the nuclear markers (androgen receptor ([AR]-1, AR-2), ERα, and progesterone receptor [PR]), the slides were pretreated in citrate buffer (pH 6.0) at 120 °C using a steamer. A large panel of antibodies was tested for the immunocytochemical analysis of testicular tissues from eight different psittacine genera to provide repeatable techniques for the support of breeding programs in captivity." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunohistochemistry", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocytochemistry", "http://www.immunohistochemistry.us/what-is-immunohistochemistry/Immunohistochemical-Analysis.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunohistochemistry", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocytochemistry", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocytochemistry", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocytochemistry", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/immunohistochemical", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093691X13002288" ] }

[]

[ "Instead of using borax to make slime, you can also opt for liquid laundry detergent. Any cheap liquid detergent will do, but again, some of them do contain borax as an ingredient.With this method, you combine the detergent with glue and food coloring.iquid Starch Slime." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Here is a super easy recipe to make slime using only glue and regular liquid laundry detergent! Slime, also called goo, silly putty, oobleck, or flubber, is a gooey substance that is fun to squeeze and play with it. It only requires two ingredients that you probably already have at your house. - Liquid laundry detergent (any brand, but Tide works the best). - bowl. - spoon or rubber spatula. Step 1. Pour about 1/4 cup of glue into a bowl. You can use a measuring cup to measure it if you like, or you can just estimate it.", "While borax is typically used to make slime, an alternative it to make it using cornstarch for a delightfully nasty-and totally non-toxic-slime that works great for your child's birthday party, a Halloween party, a classroom activity or just to entertain the kids on a rainy day. 1. Mix 1 teaspoon of powdered fiber with 1 cup of water. Be sure to do this in a microwave-safe bowl as you will be putting the mixture in the microwave later. http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/d/d5/Make-Slime-Without-Borax-Step-8-preview.jpg/550px-Make-Slime-Without-Borax-Step-8-preview.jpg.", "Laundry Detergent Slime. Instead of using borax to make slime, you can also opt for liquid laundry detergent. Any cheap liquid detergent will do, but again, some of them do contain borax as an ingredient. With this method, you combine the detergent with glue and food coloring. Liquid Starch Slime. Liquid starch is used to get wrinkles out of clothes. You can buy a concentrated version from the store and mix it with water, but it's just as simple and cheap to make at home. All you need is cornstarch, water, and lemon juice (which is optional). You can find the recipe here.", "But that's one of the suggestions on the borax box! Instead, try using a paste of baking soda and water and then rinse well with water. Or, try this Clean Everything Lemon Lime spray, which is made using fresh citrus juices and vinegar. Fiberglass. Get fabulous glistening fiberglass with a simple paste of baking soda and water, instead of using borax. Baby Clothes.", "Slime – sometimes called Gak or Oobleck – is a glob of goo that feels cool and creepy to the touch. In other words, it's gross enough for kids to totally love it. You can buy it at the store, of course, but you can save some money and make slime at home. 1. Mix 1 teaspoon of powdered fiber with 1 cup of water. Be sure to do this in a microwave-safe bowl as you will be putting the mixture in the microwave later. http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/d/d5/Make-Slime-Without-Borax-Step-8-preview.jpg/550px-Make-Slime-Without-Borax-Step-8-preview.jpg.", "1. Add 1-1/2 cups (350ml) of water to a small saucepan. Heat until the water is warm but not hot or boiling. You do not want to use boiling water because then you will have to wait for it to cool before you can use your hands to mix the slime. 1. Mix 1 teaspoon of powdered fiber with 1 cup of water. Be sure to do this in a microwave-safe bowl as you will be putting the mixture in the microwave later. http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/d/d5/Make-Slime-Without-Borax-Step-8-preview.jpg/550px-Make-Slime-Without-Borax-Step-8-preview.jpg.", "Then try boosting the effectiveness of your laundry detergent with baking soda instead of borax. It lowers the pH of hard water just as well as borax does, but is gentler and not toxic. Check out this great DIY recipe for Bergamot Baking Soda Laundry Booster to get the scoop on how to use it in your laundry. Deodorizer. Instead, try using a paste of baking soda and water and then rinse well with water. Or, try this Clean Everything Lemon Lime spray, which is made using fresh citrus juices and vinegar. Fiberglass. Get fabulous glistening fiberglass with a simple paste of baking soda and water, instead of using borax. Baby Clothes.", "- Elmer's glue (or any generic white school glue). - Liquid laundry detergent (any brand, but Tide works the best). - bowl. - spoon or rubber spatula. Step 1. Pour about 1/4 cup of glue into a bowl. You can use a measuring cup to measure it if you like, or you can just estimate it. Step 2", "No you can't. It'll mess up the chemistry. You can use 1/2 baking soda 1/2 cream of tar tar I use this in all my baking as my mother never bought baking powder whe … n I was a kid. should be two parts cream of tartar per one part baking soda. ex: 1/2 tsp. baking soda, 1 tsp. cream of tartar" ], "url": [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilukp2NnvLk", "http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Slime-Without-Borax", "http://science.wonderhowto.com/how-to/make-slime-without-borax-5-easy-recipes-for-gooey-homemade-ooze-0147194/", "http://greencleaning.about.com/od/TipsandIdeas/a/Green-Alternatives-To-Using-Borax-For-Cleaning.htm", "http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Slime-Without-Borax", "http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Slime-Without-Borax", "http://greencleaning.about.com/od/TipsandIdeas/a/Green-Alternatives-To-Using-Borax-For-Cleaning.htm", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilukp2NnvLk", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Can_baking_soda_be_used_instead_of_borax_when_making_slime" ] }

[]

[ "Visual Learning refers to the process through which students gain knowledge and understanding through explicitly visual tools." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Visual learning is one of the three main types of learning styles. Visual learners typically learn best through sight, through visual representation, or visual aids. These learners love charts, graphs, notes, handouts, and any other visually stimulating media. Visual learners learn it best when they can see it.", "Share. By Beth Lewis. Definition: Visual Learning refers to the process through which students gain knowledge and understanding through explicitly visual tools. Some of the key tools for visual learning include: Venn Diagrams, charts, graphs, images, maps, slide shows, and concept webs.", "See definitions below: Definition: A visual learner is someone who learns best by using their eyes to see information. They learn best by seeing words and numbers printed in text form, or by using graphics and pictures, observing real life objects and events, and using maps, charts, graphs, and other visual aids.", "By Beth Lewis. Definition: Visual Learning refers to the process through which students gain knowledge and understanding through explicitly visual tools. Some of the key tools for visual learning include: Venn Diagrams, charts, graphs, images, maps, slide shows, and concept webs.", "The visual learning style, often referred to as the spatial learning style, is a way of learning in which information is associated with images. This learning style requires that learners first see what they are expected to know. People with a visual learning style are often referred to as visual-spatial learners. Visual learners have specific characteristics that make their learning method unique. In school, visual learners typically: 1 Remember what they read rather than what they hear. 2 Prefer reading a story rather than listening to it." ], "url": [ "http://teaching.about.com/od/s-zteachingvocabulary/g/Visual-Learning.htm", "http://k6educators.about.com/od/educationglossary/g/Visual-Learning.htm", "http://www.readinginstruction.com/visual-and-auditory-learners/", "http://k6educators.about.com/od/educationglossary/g/Visual-Learning.htm", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/visual-learning-style-definition-characteristics.html" ] }

[]

[ "Normal urine is clear and has a straw-yellow color. While the odor of urine can vary somewhat, in most cases, it does not have a strong smell.With dehydration, the urine is more concentrated and may have a stronger ammonia scent than normal." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A strong urine odor can be a sign of liver disease. Other symptoms of liver disease include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, yellow skin or eyes, weakness, bloating, and weight loss. See your doctor right away if you have symptoms of liver disease. Urine naturally has an odor, but it is usually not very strong smelling. Strong smelling urine is usually not a cause for concern. Sometimes, however, strong or unusual smelling urine is a sign of an underlying medical problem.", "Strong or Unusual Smelling Urine. Urine naturally has an odor, but it is usually not very strong smelling. Strong smelling urine is usually not a cause for concern. Sometimes, however, strong or unusual smelling urine is a sign of an underlying medical problem.", "Dear Reader, Normally, urine doesn't have much of a smell to it. If you're dehydrated and your urine becomes overly concentrated, it can have a stronger-than-usual scent. Vitamins and certain foods (asparagus, for example) can give urine an unusual smell. Infection can cause the urine to smell unpleasant.", "Healthy urine may have a mild smell but generally does not have a foul odor. In some cases, an unusual or strong urine odor may be due to benign conditions that are not harmful, such as eating certain foods or taking certain medications. Urine odor can be a symptom of a variety of conditions, including infection, inflammation, or other conditions of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra). Urine odor can also be caused by diseases, such as diabetes and dehydration, which affect the urinary tract as well as other body systems.", "Normal urine is clear and has a straw-yellow color. While the odor of urine can vary somewhat, in most cases, it does not have a strong smell. With dehydration, the urine is more concentrated and may have a stronger ammonia scent than normal. Consumption of certain foods, such as asparagus (which can impart a characteristic odor to urine), and taking some medications may be causes for changes in the odor of urine. The presence of bacteria in the urine, such as with a urinary tract infection (UTI), can affect the appearance and smell of urine. When there is an infection in the urinary tract, the urine may take on a foul-smelling odor as well as appear cloudy or bloody.", "Other foods that may change the odor of your urine include onions, garlic, and coffee. If you suspect food is to blame, eliminating the food source should allow your urine to return to a normal smell in less than 12 hours. If you eliminate the food and the odor remains, there is likely another cause. Urine naturally has an odor, but it is usually not very strong smelling. Strong smelling urine is usually not a cause for concern. Sometimes, however, strong or unusual smelling urine is a sign of an underlying medical problem.", "Definition. Urine odor refers to the scent of your urine as it flows out of your body. Your normal urine odor may be relatively mild and not too noticeable. Occasionally, your urine odor may be different in some way — ranging from sweet to foul — raising a concern about a problem or abnormality. 1 Causes. ", "When urine persistently smells bad or has a foul, strong or unusual odor, it may be caused by an underlying disease, disorder or condition. Urine odor can be a symptom of a variety of conditions, including infection, inflammation, or other conditions of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra). Urine odor can also be caused by diseases, such as diabetes and dehydration, which affect the urinary tract as well as other body systems." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/abnormal-urine-odor", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/abnormal-urine-odor", "http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/why-does-my-urine-stink", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/urine-odor", "http://www.medicinenet.com/urine_odor/symptoms.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/abnormal-urine-odor", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/urine-odor/basics/definition/SYM-20050704", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/urine-odor" ] }

[]

[ "Tetanus or Diphtheria vaccine" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Toxoid vaccines. Toxoid vaccines Toxoid vaccineA vaccine made from a toxin (poison) that has been made harmless but that elicits an immune response against the toxin. are based on the toxin produced by certain bacteria (e.g. tetanus or diphtheria).", "tetanus toxoid a sterile preparation of formaldehyde-treated products of the growth of Clostridium tetani, used as an active immunizing agent, either in mixtures with diphtheria toxoid and pertussis vaccine (DTP, DT, Td) or by itself (T).", "Toxoids – these are inactivated toxic compounds in cases where these (rather than the micro-organism itself) cause illness. Examples of toxoid-based vaccines include tetanus and diphtheria. Not all toxoids are for micro-organisms; for example, Crotalus atrox toxoid is used to vaccinate dogs against rattlesnake bites.", "Tetanus toxoid vaccine example. Tetanus is caused by bacteria that enter the body through open wounds. The bacteria cause an increased tightening of muscles, resulting in spasms, stiffness, and arching of the spine. Ultimately, breathing becomes more difficult, and spasms occur more frequently. People of all ages can get tetanus.", "See Example 2. Vaccines, Toxoids Codes 90476-90749 identify the vaccine/toxoid product only. To report the administration of a vaccine/toxoid the vaccine/toxoid product code(s) MUST be submitted with the appropriate immunization administration code(s) (90471-90474) .", "Tetanus toxoid consists of a formaldehyde-treated toxin. The toxoid is standardized for potency in animal tests according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Occasionally, potency is mistakenly equated with Lf units, which are a measure of the quantity of toxoid, not its potency in inducing protection.", "The smallpox vaccine used cowpox, a poxvirus that was similar enough to smallpox to protect against it but usually didn’t cause serious illness. Rabies was the first virus attenuated in a lab to create a vaccine for humans. Vaccines are made using several different processes." ], "url": [ "http://vaccine-safety-training.org/toxoid-vaccines.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/toxoid", "http://coastalcarolinaresearch.com/?p=679", "http://vaccine-safety-training.org/tetanus-vaccine-example.html", "http://www.nd.gov/dhs/services/medicalserv/medicaid/docs/cpt/vaccine-changes-2013.pdf", "http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/tetanus.html", "http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/different-types-vaccines" ] }

[]

[ "6 foot 2 inches in height (188cm)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Compiled from trump.com. Donald Trump, best known for his business dealings and his television show The Apprentice, made his presidential announcement on June 16, 2015. Here's a look at his biography, compiled from Trump.com. 1 Started career in office he shared with his father in Brooklyn, New York. 2 Worked with father for five years.", "Mini Bio (1). Donald Trump was born on June 14, 1946 in New York City, New York, USA as Donald John Trump. He is a producer and actor, known for The Apprentice (2004), Two Weeks Notice (2002) and Comedy Central Roast of Donald Trump (2011). He has been married to Melania Trump since January 22, 2005.", "Donald Trump stands at 6 foot 2 inches in height (188cm). He is much taller than the average American. Early Life and Career: Donald John Trump was born 14th of June 1946 in New York, the city he still says is the best city on earth.", "Melania’s height is 5 foot 11 inches tall (180cm) here we can see with heels on she is still shorter than Donald. This confirms that Mr Trump is a very tall man. Here is Donald with his children at the opening of a Trump tower in the Philippines.", "Real estate developer Donald John Trump was born June 14, 1946, in Queens, New York. In 1971 he became involved in large, profitable building projects in Manhattan. In 1980, he opened the Grand Hyatt, which made him the city's best known and most controversial developer." ], "url": [ "http://www.wftv.com/news/news/national-govt-politics/donald-trump-biography/nmkxP/", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0874339/bio", "http://celebrity-height.com/donald-trump-height/", "http://celebrity-height.com/donald-trump-height/", "http://www.biography.com/people/donald-trump-9511238" ] }

[]

[ "C$30,201 – C$199,553." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Radiologist salary in other countries (UK, Canada and Australia). The average radiologist salary in Canada is reported to be about CA$91,000 per year. Those intending to work in this profession should expect a salary in the range of between CA$57,000 and CA$145,000 per year. In Australia, radiologists are referred to as radiographers. Radiologist Salary. The median average radiologist salary in the United States is reported to be around $365,000 per annum according to data from salary.com. The salary earned by a physician radiologist, just like many other professions, is determined by several factors.", "(Canada). A Physician / Doctor, Radiologist earns an average salary of C$196,600 per year. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this career. Pay for this job does not change much between less experienced and more experienced workers", "According to data we have come across, a radiologist will earn about $365,000 on average per year. In the United States, the median salary of a radiologist is about $385,000 including bonuses. The middle 50% earns between $326,000 and $451,000. The lowest 10% earns $273,000 on average and the highest 10% earns about $510,000 including bonuses. Radiologist Salary. The median average radiologist salary in the United States is reported to be around $365,000 per annum according to data from salary.com. The salary earned by a physician radiologist, just like many other professions, is determined by several factors.", "Confidence votes 18. The average full time Radiologist in Canada should earn from $400,000 to $600,000 gross before some expenses. Expenses should be less than $50,000 and include malpractice insurance, conference leave, technology PACS at home etc. Probably leaves an average of about $500,000 pre tax. ", "A radiologist in Canada receives an annual salary ranging from between C$30,201 – C$199,553. In fact, a bonus ranging from between C$267.50 – C$62,500 will be credited to his or her account. In addition, a radiologist in Canada receives his or her total earnings ranging from between C$32,681 – C$221,471 per annum. The average expected salary for a radiologist based in United Kingdom is about £98,407 per annum. According to all salary survey, the median salary for a radiologist is about £75,000 per annum. An average hourly wage for a radiologist is about £20.7.", "Radiologist salary in Canada, Australia, and UK. 1 Canada —the average yearly radiologist salary is C$30,201 – C$199,553 with a yearly bonus ranging from C$267.50 – $62,500. 2 Australia —here a radiologist is called a radiographer. 3 UK —here the radiologist is also known as a radiographer. The yearly salary in the US for a Radiologist can reach an average of about $216,567 per year. The wage is mainly influenced by factors that involve the geographical location, the gender, your work experience in the field and the years that are found behind it, and the board certification.", "Radiologist salary. Radiologist’s salary in the United States is about $216,577 per year. In fact, an overall salary for a radiologist is determined by various factors such as geographic region, years of work experience, gender, board certification, and region of practice. The average expected salary for a radiologist based in United Kingdom is about £98,407 per annum. According to all salary survey, the median salary for a radiologist is about £75,000 per annum. An average hourly wage for a radiologist is about £20.7.", "$ 77000 average radiologist salaries for job postings in canada ky are 5 % higher than average radiologist salaries for job postings nationwide" ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/radiologist-salary/", "http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Physician_%2f_Doctor%2c_Radiologist/Salary", "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/radiologist-salary/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_money_does_a_radiologist_in_Canada_earn", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/radiologist-salary", "http://www.salaryvoice.com/radiologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/radiologist-salary", "http://www.indeed.com/salary/q-Radiologist-l-Canada,-KY.html" ] }

[]

[ "The colors associated with Pisces are linked with shades of Indigo, Blue and other colors of the sea. Thus, Pisces could also be linked to greens and blues and other shades of the oceans. Sea-foam green is the best color for this Zodiac sign.", "Red, blue and purple, White, Grey, Silver and Cream, Pink and Yellow." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Cancer, the sign of the great mother harmonizes with colors such as silver, pearl and emerald green. Colors that mirror the moon and its tide and also the everchanging yet eternally consistent cycles of all living organisms. Use colors represented by your Sun Sign, as they are always important for emphasizing your inner creative self; combine them with the colors of your Ascendant for added nuance, or with the moon to make your inner self more apparent to the world.", "Pisces-Feb 19-March 20. The colors associated with Pisces are linked with shades of Indigo, Blue and other colors of the sea. Thus, Pisces could also be linked to greens and blues and other shades of the oceans. Sea-foam green is the best color for this Zodiac sign. Each of us is also born under a particular zodiac sign or astrological sign. It is therefore but natural to correlate the sequence of colors in the visible spectrum of light with each of these astrological signs. The word Zodiac can be translated roughly as the animal belt suspended between the heaven and earth.", "Mentioned below are the colors according to the zodiac signs: Aries: Aries is the first zodiac sign that is fiery and movable. Mars is the ruling planet of Aries. Red color and dark red color are considered as the color of this sign. Red is the color of energy, mobility, aggressiveness and purity which is lucky for Arians. Aquarius: Aquarius is the eleventh zodiac sign. It is a fixed and airy sign that is ruled by Saturn. The stated auspicious colors for Aquarians are light blue and purple. White and bright colors are also beneficial. The colors like dark blue and green are not very lucky for the people falling under Aquarius sign.", "Making a strict correlation between signs and colors, we tried to find the dominating color of a sign in the system of psychological correlations in Zodiac. In the description the psychological and physical characteristic of a color is followed by the corresponding sign, planet and house, in conclusion. * * *. The definition of the color correlations to the signs of the Zodiac (and also to the planets and the houses) gives the opportunity to design the color-horoscope of the individual. It will include colors of the signs in the inner circle, colors of houses in the outer, and the spots of planets on the circumference", "Ruled by Moon, this Zodiac sign is associated with soft, nurturing and receptive colors like White, Grey, Silver and Cream. This zodiac sign and its color meanings include an influence on the feminine parts of the body such as the uterus, reproductive system, breasts etc. Each of us is also born under a particular zodiac sign or astrological sign. It is therefore but natural to correlate the sequence of colors in the visible spectrum of light with each of these astrological signs. The word Zodiac can be translated roughly as the animal belt suspended between the heaven and earth.", "The lucky colors for Capricorn are Khaki, black and purple. Dark brown and dark green can also be considered favorable. People of Capricorn sign are adviced to stay away from red and yellow color. Aquarius: Aquarius is the eleventh zodiac sign. It is a fixed and airy sign that is ruled by Saturn. The stated auspicious colors for Aquarians are light blue and purple. White and bright colors are also beneficial. The colors like dark blue and green are not very lucky for the people falling under Aquarius sign.", "Since they are such wide-ranging symbols, the zodiac signs have since ancient times been related to different colors, archetypes, precious stones, minerals, foods and numerous other things. Use colors represented by your Sun Sign, as they are always important for emphasizing your inner creative self; combine them with the colors of your Ascendant for added nuance, or with the moon to make your inner self more apparent to the world.", "Since Venus is feminine, this zodiac sign is associated with feminine colors like Pink. Gemini-May 21-June 20. Ruled by Mercury, Gemini is associated with the cheerful shades of Yellow. Gemini is positive, uplifting but also quickening or changing. Each of us is also born under a particular zodiac sign or astrological sign. It is therefore but natural to correlate the sequence of colors in the visible spectrum of light with each of these astrological signs. The word Zodiac can be translated roughly as the animal belt suspended between the heaven and earth." ], "url": [ "http://www.zodiac-astrology.com/zodiac-signs-colors.html", "http://www.color-meanings.com/zodiac-colors-and-their-meanings/", "http://www.astrocamp.com/astrology-color-therapy-importance.html", "http://astrologer.ru/article/color.html.en", "http://www.color-meanings.com/zodiac-colors-and-their-meanings/", "http://www.astrocamp.com/astrology-color-therapy-importance.html", "http://www.zodiac-astrology.com/zodiac-signs-colors.html", "http://www.color-meanings.com/zodiac-colors-and-their-meanings/" ] }

[]

[ "Urinary tract infections , bloodstream infections, and pneumonia are the most common type of nosocomial infection." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pneumonia is the second most common type of hospital-acquired infection. Bacteria and other microorganisms are easily brought into the throat by respiratory procedures commonly done in the hospital. The microorganisms come from contaminated equipment or the hands of health care workers. ", "It is thus distinguished from community-acquired pneumonia. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, rather than a virus. HAP is the second most common nosocomial infection (after urinary tract infections) and accounts for 15–20% of the total. It is the most common cause of death among nosocomial infections and is the primary cause of death in intensive care units. ", "According to the CDC, the most common pathogens that cause nosocomial infections are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli. Some of the common nosocomial infections are urinary tract infections, respiratory pneumonia, surgical site wound infections, bacteremia, gastrointestinal and skin infections. The most common type of nosocomial infections are surgical wound infections, respiratory infections, genitourinary infections, as well as gastrointestinal", "Types of Nosocomial Infections. Urinary tract infections are the most common type of nosocomial infection. In the United States, surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia are the other most common types (WHO, 2012). The location of a nosocomial infection depends on the nature of a patient's hospital procedure. Symptoms of nosocomial infections vary by type. They include inflammation, discharge, fever, and abscesses. Patients may experience pain and irritation at the infection site, and many experience visible symptoms.", "In the USA, the most frequent type of infection hospitalwide is urinary tract infection (36%), followed by surgical site infection (20%), and bloodstream infection and pneumonia (both 11%). Estimates ranged from 6.7% in 1990 to 7.4% (patients may have several infections). Hospital-acquired infections are an important category of hospital-acquired conditions. HAI is sometimes expanded as healthcare-associated infection to emphasize that infections can be correlated with health care in various settings (not just hospitals), which is also true of hospital-acquired conditions generally.", "In 2006, the most common infection sites were urinary tract infections (30,3%), pneumopathy (14,7%), infections of surgery site (14,2%). Infections of the skin and mucous membrane (10,2%), other respiratory infections (6,8%) and bacterial infections / blood poisoning (6,4%). Hospital-acquired infections are an important category of hospital-acquired conditions. HAI is sometimes expanded as healthcare-associated infection to emphasize that infections can be correlated with health care in various settings (not just hospitals), which is also true of hospital-acquired conditions generally.", "Candidiasis remains the most common type of nosocomial fungal infection, particularly in the immunocompromised. Risk factors for fungal infections include antibiotic treatments, chemotherapy, intravascular catheters, neutropenia, hemodialysis, or prior fungal infection. Infections acquired during a hospital stay are called nosocomial infections. Formally, they are are defined as infections arising after 48 hours of hospital admission. For earlier periods it is presumably assumed that the infection arose prior to admission, though this is not always going to be true.", "Practice Essentials. Hospital-acquired infections are caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens; the most common types are bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumonia (eg, ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]), urinary tract infection (UTI), and surgical site infection (SSI). Age. Healthcare-associated infections occur in both adult and pediatric patients. Bloodstream infections, followed by pneumonia and urinary tract infections are the most common healthcare-associated infections in children; urinary tract infections are the most common healthcare-associated infections in adults.", "Health care facilities-whether hospitals, nursing homes, or outpatient facilities-can be dangerous places for the acquisition of infections. The most common type of nosocomial infections are surgical wound infections, respiratory infections, genitourinary infections, as well as gastrointestinal infections." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hospital-Acquired+Infections", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital-acquired_pneumonia", "http://www.ehagroup.com/epidemiology/nosocomial-infections/", "http://www.healthline.com/health/hospital-acquired-nosocomial-infections", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/mistakes/nosocomial.htm", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967022-overview", "http://www.ehagroup.com/epidemiology/nosocomial-infections/" ] }

[]

[ "It is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans.It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "P. falciparum is transmitted to humans by the females of the Anopheles species of mosquito. There are about 460 species of Anopheles mosquito, but only 68 transmit malaria. Anopheles gambiae is one of the best malaria vectors since it is long-lived, prefers feeding on humans, and lives in areas near human habitation. ", "Plasmodium falciparum is the deadliest of five human malaria species and responsible for the majority of malaria related deaths. There are around 300 million clinical cases occur each year resulting in at least one million deaths annually, predominantly in sub-saharan Africa. ", "Cause. Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium. Human malaria is caused by four different species of Plasmodium: P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. Humans occasionally become infected with Plasmodium species that normally infect animals, such as P. knowlesi", "Brief Summary. Plasmodium falciparum is one of the two protozoan parasites responsible for most of the world's cases of human malaria (the other being P. vivax). Hay et al. (2010) estimated that in 2010 there were around 450 million clinical cases of P. falciparum malaria in the world", "Plasmodium Falciparum-Malaria. Plasmodium falciparum is the Plasmodium species responsible for 85 % of the malaria cases. The three less common and less dangerous Plasmodium species are: P. ovale, P. malariae and P. vivax. ", "Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite that causes an infectious disease known as malaria. P. falciparum is the most severe strain of the malaria species correlated with almost every malarial death. [1] The other 3 species that cause malaria include: P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae.", "Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. ", "Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. P. falciparum is the most dangerous of these infections as P. falciparum (or malignant) malaria has the highest rates of complications and mortality. There are about 200 species in the genus Plasmodium, divided into 15 sub-genera." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum_biology", "http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/downloads/protozoa/plasmodium-falciparum.html", "http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/malaria/en/", "http://eol.org/pages/10408873/overview", "http://www.parasitesinhumans.org/plasmodium-falciparum-malaria.html", "https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Plasmodium_falciparum", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum" ] }

[]

[ "$400,000 annually" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How much does a cardiologist make? The average salary for cardiologists is about $400,000 annually for one who is experienced. The beginning cardiologist salary ranges between $180,000 and $250,000 annually. The salary for the upper 10 percent is $300,000 annually, or an hourly wage of $200 per hour. The lower 10 percent earn about $150 per hour or $150,000 annually. A pediatric cardiologist’s annual salary is $241,000, less than the average general cardiologist. However, the top 10 percent have an annual salary of $352,000. A non invasive cardiologist deals with non-surgical procedures.", "How much does a cardiologist make. In the United States, the median cardiologist salary is reported to be $375,000 per year. The figure for the lowest 10th percentile is $251,000 per year and for the highest 10th percentile, the figure is reported to be $550,000. The middle 50% earns from $310,000 to $466,000. On average, a cardiologist earns a median annual salary of $375,000. This is without bonuses and amounts to about $180 per hour. Adding on bonuses, a cardiologist’s median salary is about $400,000 per annum.", "The average salary for a cardiologist from UK is about £42,775 – £142,300 per year. The bonus received by the cardiologists is about £9,933 while the mean total salary ranges from between £11,000 – £100,000 per annum. In addition, the cardiologist receives an average hourly wage of about £26.5. And how much does a Cardiologist make in India. According to PayScale, cardiologists in India typically earn between Rs402,683 and Rs2,511,571 in total salary. Their base salary ranges between Rs402,683 and Rs2,462,087 and bonuses of up to Rs102,409. Their median salary makes around Rs1,182,347.", "An average salary for a cardiologist based in Canada ranges from between 154,073 CAD – 293,432 CAD per annum while an average hourly wage ranges from between 88.04 CAD – 171.19 CAD per hour. A median salary for a cardiologist averages to about 254,344 CAD per annum while a median wage is about 145.76 CAD per hour. A highest paid cardiologist receives over 293,432 CAD while the lowest paid cardiologist earns about 154,073 CAD per annum. And how much does a Cardiologist make in India. According to PayScale, cardiologists in India typically earn between Rs402,683 and Rs2,511,571 in total salary. Their base salary ranges between Rs402,683 and Rs2,462,087 and bonuses of up to Rs102,409. Their median salary makes around Rs1,182,347.", "National Salary Range. According to the website Medscape, physicians specializing in cardiology earned an average of $357,000 per year in 2012. This was the second-highest salary among 25 specialities surveyed. Only 16 percent of cardiologists reported annual salaries of less than $200,000. Pay by Region. The region in which they practiced had a significant impact on cardiologist salaries in 2012, according to Medscape. The very lowest average salaries were reported in the Northeast, where cardiologists averaged $311,000 per year, and in California and Hawaii, where they averaged $318,000.", "Salary.com reports that the median annual salary for cardiologists in the United States as of November 2010 was $241,598; for cardiac surgeons, it was $275,006. Overall, annual salaries for most cardiologists ranged from $243,546 to $356,150. Many factors affect salaries earned by cardiologists. ", "What is the average salary of a Cardiologist? The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the average salary of a Cardiologist is $219,770, which equates to approximately $105 per hour based on 2,080 hours worked per year (or 40 hours per week). The location of the cardiology practice is perhaps the biggest factor in determining the annual salary of a Cardiologist. For example, Cardiologists in Minnesota, South Dakota, Indiana, New Hampshire, and Nevada are typically the top-paid.", "The highest annual salar y received by the cardiologists is about $811000 while the lowest annual salary is around $268000. In fact, the average reported salary for a cardiologist is about $403000 annually. And how much does a Cardiologist make in India. According to PayScale, cardiologists in India typically earn between Rs402,683 and Rs2,511,571 in total salary. Their base salary ranges between Rs402,683 and Rs2,462,087 and bonuses of up to Rs102,409. Their median salary makes around Rs1,182,347." ], "url": [ "http://www.fuelourfuturenow.com/salary/cardiologist-salary/", "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/cardiologist-salary/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/cardiologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/cardiologist-salary", "http://work.chron.com/much-cardiologist-earn-22555.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7509177_much-do-cardiologists-make-year.html", "http://www.insidejobs.com/articles/how-much-does-a-cardiologist-make", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/cardiologist-salary" ] }

[]

[ "Black" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Negra Modelo is a type of beer from Mexico. Modelo is the brand. Negra is the type. Since the word Modelo is a brand name it is improper to translate it. The word Negra (and Negro) literally means Black in English. In this case it refers to a dark beer or ale, so Dark is the best translation. The word modelo literally means model in English. The word is always modelo whether it's referring to a female, male, or inanimate model of any kind.", "The word Negra (and Negro) literally means Black in English. In this case it refers to a dark beer or ale, so Dark is the best translation. The word modelo literally means model in English. The word is always modelo whether it's referring to a female, male, or inanimate model of any kind.", "Negra. In Puerto Rican culture, the word Negra/Negro can denote a term of endearment. If a Puerto Rican uses the word Negra/Negro on you from the moment they first meet you, that means they really really like you and not necessarily in a sexual way. More in a general way, like saying you are an all around cool person.", "Negro and Negra is a color when applied to an object; is a dark skin person like some African people; is a lovable nickname used to talk to or about a dark skin person (male or female); is synonym of devil in a black mass/black office; means bad luck in Tengo la negra;..." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_negra_modelo_mean_in_English", "http://www.answers.com/Q/La_negra_mean", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=negra", "http://www.spanishdict.com/answers/216676/what-is-la-negra-tomasa" ] }

[]

[ "A mineral is a naturally occurring substance, representable by a chemical formula, that is usually solid and inorganic, and has a crystal structure.", "Mineral is a naturally occurring substance, representable by a chemical formula, that is usually solid and inorganic, and has a crystal structure." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Naturally occurring means that people did not make it. Steel is not a mineral because it is an alloy produced by people. Inorganic means that the substance is not made by an organism. Wood and pearls are made by organisms and thus are not minerals. Solid means that it is not a liquid or a gas at standard temperature and pressure. Definite chemical composition means that all occurrences of that mineral have a chemical composition that varies within a specific limited range. For example: the mineral halite (known as rock salt when it is mined) has a chemical composition of NaCl.", "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. They are non-living, solid, and, like all matter, are made of atoms of elements. There are many different types of minerals and each type is made of particular groups of atoms. The atoms are arranged in a network called a crystal lattice. ", "mineral. n. 1. (Minerals) any of a class of naturally occurring solid inorganic substances with a characteristic crystalline form and a homogeneous chemical composition. 2. any inorganic matter. 3. (Mining & Quarrying) any substance obtained by mining, esp a metal ore. ", "A mineral, by definition, is. . . 1 Inorganic, which means that it is not made by a living organism. 2 A solid. 3 Has a regular crystal structure. 4 Made by nature which means minerals are not made, directly or indirectly, from human activity. 5 Has a predictable chemical formula. A mineral, by definition, is. . . 1 Inorganic, which means that it is not made by a living organism. 2 A solid. 3 There is one unusual exception. 4 Native mercury is a mineral and is the only metal that is a liquid at normal temperatures.", "The following definitions on what constitutes a mineral were taken from several different sources and are arranged by year: 1 A mineral is an element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological processes (Nickel, E. H., 1995). 2 Minerals are naturally-occurring inorganic substances with a definite and predictable chemical composition and physical properties.. ( 3 O' Donoghue, 1990). 1 A mineral is a naturally occurring homogeneous solid, inorganically formed, with a definite chemical composition and an ordered atomic arrangement (Mason, et al, 1968).", "Common distinguishing characteristics include crystal structure and habit, hardness, lustre, diaphaneity, colour, streak, tenacity, cleavage, fracture, parting, and specific gravity. More specific tests for minerals include magnetism, taste or smell, radioactivity and reaction to acid. Minerals are not equivalent to rocks. A rock is either an aggregate of one or more minerals, or not composed of minerals at all. Rocks like limestone or quartzite are composed primarily of one mineral— calcite or aragonite in the case of limestone, and quartz in the latter case.", "A mineral is a naturally occurring substance, representable by a chemical formula, that is usually solid and inorganic, and has a crystal structure. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. Minerals are not equivalent to rocks. A rock is either an aggregate of one or more minerals, or not composed of minerals at all. Rocks like limestone or quartzite are composed primarily of one mineral— calcite or aragonite in the case of limestone, and quartz in the latter case.", "Generally, a mineral is a naturally occurring solid with a crystalline structure. This is where it gets a little tricky. Halite or table salt is a mineral. Sugar is a crystalline solid but comes from plants, sugar cane or sugar beets. This classifies it as an organic compound and so is not a mineral. Coal on the other hand also comes from plants (organic) and is generally considered a mineral." ], "url": [ "http://geology.com/minerals/what-is-a-mineral.shtml", "http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/min_intro.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Mineral", "http://kidsloverocks.com/html/mineral.html", "http://www.webmineral.com/Mineral_Definition.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral", "http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/what_is_a_mineral.html" ] }

[]

[ "The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.", "Staphylococcus aureus." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Boils are very common. They are most often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. They can also be caused by other types of bacteria or fungi found on the skin's surface. Damage to the hair follicle allows the infection to grow deeper into the follicle and the tissues under it.", "Causes. Most boils are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria commonly found on the skin and inside the nose. Boils sometimes develop at sites where the skin has been broken by a small injury or an insect bite, which gives the bacteria easy entry. 1 Symptoms.", "Boils are typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, although they may be caused by other bacteria or fungi present on the skin surface. In addition to affecting the hair follicle, infections that cause boils will also typically involve the surrounding skin.", "Causes. Boils are very common. They are most often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. They can also be caused by other types of bacteria or fungi found on the skin's surface. Damage to the hair follicle allows the infection to grow deeper into the follicle and the tissues under it.", "Boils are usually caused by a bacteria called Staphylococcus (staph). Most staph infections develop into abscesses and can become serious very quickly. This germ can be present on normal skin and enters the body through tiny breaks in the skin or by traveling down a hair to the follicle.", "Causes. Boils are very common. They are most often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. They can also be caused by other types of bacteria or fungi found on the skin's surface. Damage to the hair follicle allows the infection to grow deeper into the follicle and the tissues under it." ], "url": [ "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001474.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/basics/causes/CON-20024235", "http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/boil", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001474.htm", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/boils/article_em.htm", "http://umm.edu/health/medical/ency/articles/boils" ] }

[]

[ "$20,000", "$49,500" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average hospital charge for a total knee replacement (TKR) in the United States is $49,500. A partial knee replacement (PKR) typically costs about 10 to 20 percent less than a TKR. The main reason is that the operation requires a shorter hospital stay. For example: an average of 2.3 days, compared to 3.4 days. Keep in mind that hospital charges don’t reflect the amount you pay out of pocket. The cost of a knee replacement can vary substantially, even within the same geographical area. The final hospital charge depends on many factors, including: 1 number of days spent in the hospital: This will vary depending on the type of knee replacement you have (total, partial, or bilateral).", "1 According to MedicalTourismco.com, “The average cost of knee replacement in the United States is about $40,000.” This price is for those who are without health insurance. 2 Knee replacements can cost as little as $25,000 or as much as $75,000 – this depends greatly on where in the United States the surgery is performed. 1 This includes the deductible, co-pay, or co-insurance. 2 The average knee replacement cost to an insured patient will be around $4,000. 3 Be sure to check with your health insurance provider to get a better idea on what the insurance is going to cover. 4 Overseas surgeries can cost significantly less.", "The following is a chart of the estimated cost of knee replacement around the world: Country Estimated Price (USD) United States $45,000-$60,000 Singapore $18,000-$22,000 Thailand $12,000-$14,000 Taiwan $9,000-$10,000 India $7,000-$11,000 Do not calculate cost when you go for a major surgery. In the United States, an uninsured patient can expect to … pay upwards of $45,000. In most other places in the world, the cost is far lower. Patients can take advantage of globalization and receive total knee replacement surgery for a low price in a number of destinations.", "1 Knee replacements can cost as little as $25,000 or as much as $75,000 – this depends greatly on where in the United States the surgery is performed. 2 A patient who is equipped with medical insurance such as Medicare will have the majority of the costs covered. 1 This includes the deductible, co-pay, or co-insurance. 2 The average knee replacement cost to an insured patient will be around $4,000. 3 Be sure to check with your health insurance provider to get a better idea on what the insurance is going to cover. 4 Overseas surgeries can cost significantly less.", "If you don’t have insurance and will be paying for your knee replacement, it’s wise to research knee replacement costs. The United States is known for wide variation in healthcare costs. The average national price for a knee replacement in 2012 was about $20,000 plus the cost of the implant. Implants can cost up to $10,000. Your choice of hospital or operating facility can be the biggest factor in the cost of your knee replacement.", "In Dallas, Texas, a knee replacement could cost between $16,772 and $61,585 (267 percent cost variation) depending on the hospital. Similar trends also were seen for the average typical cost for a total hip replacement procedure, which averaged $30,124. ", "The cost of a total knee replacement in British Columbia will vary depending n a couple of factors like age, and where you get the surgery done. The total knee replacement sur … gery costs about $18,000. In the United States, an uninsured patient can expect to … pay upwards of $45,000. In most other places in the world, the cost is far lower. Patients can take advantage of globalization and receive total knee replacement surgery for a low price in a number of destinations.", "The cost of total knee replacement varies depending on age, type of surgery, brand of replacement, and other factors. In the United States, an uninsured patient can expect to … pay upwards of $45,000. In most other places in the world, the cost is far lower. Patients can take advantage of globalization and receive total knee replacement surgery for a low price in a number of destinations.", "Total Knee Replacement Cost. The United States has among the highest costs in the world for knee replacement surgery. An American with no health insurance can expect to pay $45,000 – $70,000 at a typical hospital. Those with insurance will, barring a few exceptions, be covered by their provider. The cost of the knee replacement device itself will also be included in the total cost of your surgery. There are a number of different knee replacement device manufacturers, with different products used depending on the hospital and your particular condition." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health/total-knee-replacement-surgery/understanding-costs", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/knee-replacement-cost/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_cost_of_a_total_knee_replacement", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/knee-replacement-cost/", "http://www.healthgrades.com/procedures/how-much-does-knee-replacement-cost", "http://www.bcbs.com/healthofamerica/BCBS_BHI_Report-Jan-_21_Final.pdf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_cost_of_a_total_knee_replacement", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_cost_of_a_total_knee_replacement", "http://www.kneereplacementcost.com/" ] }

[]

[ "March 30, 1870" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The 13th Amendment to the U.S. constitution abolished slavery and the 14th made African-Americans U.S. citizens. With the 15th Amendment, voting rights could not be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.. In theory, all African-American men now had the right to vote. In reality, the fight for voting rights for African-Americans had really just begun. Expanding and Ensuring Voting Rights. The 19th Amendment gave voting rights to women, including African-American women, in 1920. In 1964, the 24th Amendment outlawed poll taxes, removing another major barrier to African-American voting.", "The 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, gave African-American men the right to vote. Women (both black and white) did not receive suffrage till the 19th Amendment was ratified i … n August 1920. Voting has been a state issue since the Founding. Some states allowed free Blacks to vote early in US history, most did not. The post-Civil War amendments outlawed state and f … ed rules forbidding voting by race. The US Constitution granted African-American men the right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. African-American women were not allowed to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment (women's suffrage) was ratified in", "The 15th Amendment. The 15th Amendment, passed in 1869, stated that all native-born American men, including African-Americans, had the right to vote. By 1896, 44 percent of African-American men were registered voters, and many even held office throughout the South. Expanding and Ensuring Voting Rights. The 19th Amendment gave voting rights to women, including African-American women, in 1920. In 1964, the 24th Amendment outlawed poll taxes, removing another major barrier to African-American voting.", "New York allows free black men who own at least $250 of property. 1866 - The Civil War ends in 1865. Civil Rights Act of 1866 grants citizenship to native-born Americans but excludes Native Americans. 1870 - The 15th Amendment establishes the right of African-American males to vote. In the South especially, poll taxes, reading requirements, physical violence, property destruction, hiding the polls, and economic pressures keep most African-Americans from voting. White men with property can vote. Poor people, Women, Native Americans, and enslaved African-Americans cannot vote. 1790 - From 1770 to 1790 each state has individual naturalization laws. In 1790 the US passes its first naturalization law to grant citizenship to white men and some women.", "Introduction. The 15th Amendment, granting African-American men the right to vote, was formally adopted into the U.S. Constitution on March 30, 1870. IThe 15th Amendment and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that denied African Americans their right to vote under the 15th Amendment.", "The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, granted African-American men the right to vote; African-American women did not receive this right until the Nineteenth Amendment (wo … men's suffrage) was ratified in 1920. Voting has been a state issue since the Founding. Some states allowed free Blacks to vote early in US history, most did not. The post-Civil War amendments outlawed state and f … ed rules forbidding voting by race. The US Constitution granted African-American men the right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. African-American women were not allowed to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment (wo", "The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.. The House of Representatives passed the 15th Amendment on February 25, 1869, by a vote of 144 to 44 The Senate passed the 15th Amendment on February 26, 1869, by a vote of 39 to 13. The text of the 15th Amendment can be found in the United States Statutes at Large, volume 16, page 346 (15 Stat. 346).", "Black Americans got the right to vote when the Republicans passed the 15th Amendment. It was ratified on February 3, 1870 and was the 3rd of the Reconstruction amendments. Many uninformed people think the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that was filibustered by the Democrats, gave blacks the right to vote. It didn't. ", "African-American men received the right to vote in 1870, as a result of the 15th Amendment to the constitution. Voting has been a state issue since the Founding. Some states allowed free Blacks to vote early in US history, most did not. The post-Civil War amendments outlawed state and f … ed rules forbidding voting by race. The US Constitution granted African-American men the right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. African-American women were not allowed to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment (women's suffrage) was ratified in 1920" ], "url": [ "http://classroom.synonym.com/were-africanamericans-allowed-vote-united-states-8718.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_African_Americans_get_the_right_to_vote", "http://classroom.synonym.com/were-africanamericans-allowed-vote-united-states-8718.html", "http://archive.fairvote.org/righttovote/timeline.htm", "http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fifteenth-amendment", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_African_Americans_get_the_right_to_vote", "http://loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/15thamendment.html", "http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question41620.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_African_Americans_get_the_right_to_vote" ] }

[]

[ "A taxpayer's basis" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The tax basis of stock you purchase is what you pay for it, plus the commission you pay. Say you buy 100 shares of XYZ Inc. at $40 a share, and you pay a $100 commission. The total cost is $4,100 and the tax basis of each of your shares is $41. If you sell the 100 shares for same $40 each, and pay $100 commission on the sale, you have a $200 loss—your $4,100 basis minus the $3,900 proceeds of the sale.", "By Chad Langager AAA |. A: The cost basis of any investment is the original value of an asset adjusted for stock splits, dividends and capital distributions. It is used to calculate the capital gain or loss on an investment for tax purposes. You can calculate you cost basis per share in two ways: First, you can take the original investment amount ($10,000) and divide it by the new amount of shares you hold (2,000 shares) to arrive at the new per share cost basis ($5 $10,000/2,000).", "If he or she then sold the stock in year three for $2000, the taxable gain would be $390. One of the reasons investors need to include reinvested dividends is because dividends are taxed in the year received and if they are not included in cost basis, the investor will pay taxes on them twice. With FIFO, the cost basis will be recorded as (10 shares x $100/share) + (10 shares x $120/share) = $2200. With LIFO, the cost basis for 20 shares will be translated as (15 shares x $150/share) + (5 shares x $120/share) = $2850.", "Carryover basis, also referred to as a transferred basis, applies to inter vivos gifts and transfers in trust. Generally, a taxpayer's basis in property is the cost to acquire the property. However, there is an exception for inter vivos gifts and transfers in trust. ", "Imagine that you invested $10,000 in ABC Inc., which gave you 1,000 shares in the company. The cost basis of the investment is $10,000, but it is more often expressed in terms of a per share basis, so for this investment it would be $10 ($10,000/1,000). After a year has passed, the value of the investment has risen to $15 per share, and you decide to sell. You can calculate you cost basis per share in two ways: First, you can take the original investment amount ($10,000) and divide it by the new amount of shares you hold (2,000 shares) to arrive at the new per share cost basis ($5 $10,000/2,000).", "Reinvesting dividends increase the cost basis of a stock because dividends are used to buy more shares. For example if an investor bought 10 shares of ABC company for $1000 plus $10 trading fee and received dividends of $200 in year one and $400 in year two, cost basis would be $1610. With FIFO, the cost basis will be recorded as (10 shares x $100/share) + (10 shares x $120/share) = $2200. With LIFO, the cost basis for 20 shares will be translated as (15 shares x $150/share) + (5 shares x $120/share) = $2850.", "Dividend reinvestment. Your basis in shares purchased through a dividend-reinvestment plan is the stock's cost. Thus, if you have $500 in dividends reinvested and it buys you 30 additional shares, your basis in each share would be $16.67 ($500 divided by 30). Say you buy 100 shares of XYZ Inc. at $40 a share, and you pay a $100 commission. The total cost is $4,100 and the tax basis of each of your shares is $41. If you sell the 100 shares for same $40 each, and pay $100 commission on the sale, you have a $200 loss—your $4,100 basis minus the $3,900 proceeds of the sale.", "The basis of stocks or bonds you buy is generally the purchase price plus any costs of purchase, such as commissions and recording or transfer fees. If you get stocks or bonds other than by purchase, your basis is usually determined by the fair market value (FMV) or the previous owner's adjusted basis of the stock. ", "For example, if you inherit a security, your cost basis is the value of the security at the time of the donor's death. Calculating the cost basis of a mutual fund that reinvests dividends or of a stock you own through a dividend reinvestment plan can be complicated if you haven't kept good records. ", "However, the initial cost of $1000 stays the same, so the 20 shares would have a price of $50 per share and not $100. Inherited Stocks and Gifts. In addition to corporate actions, other situations can impact the cost basis; one such situation is receiving a stock gift or inheritance. With FIFO, the cost basis will be recorded as (10 shares x $100/share) + (10 shares x $120/share) = $2200. With LIFO, the cost basis for 20 shares will be translated as (15 shares x $150/share) + (5 shares x $120/share) = $2850." ], "url": [ "https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Rental-Property/Cost-Basis--Tracking-Your-Tax-Basis/INF12037.html", "http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/costbasis.asp", "http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/051513/know-your-stock-cost-basis.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carryover_basis", "http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/costbasis.asp", "http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/051513/know-your-stock-cost-basis.asp", "https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Rental-Property/Cost-Basis--Tracking-Your-Tax-Basis/INF12037.html", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p551/ar02.html", "http://www.sec.gov/answers/costbasis.htm", "http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/051513/know-your-stock-cost-basis.asp" ] }

[]

[ "Average salary of $69,280 each year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Salaries. Clinical, counseling and school psychologists in the U.S. averaged $72,310 a year, or $34.77 an hour, as of 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The highest-paid psychologists received more than $109,470, or $52.63 an hour, while the lowest-paid earned $39,270, or $18.88.", "Data on the salaries of social psychologists is extremely limited. The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not specifically note incomes for social psychologists, instead covering psychology on a general basis. According to that agency, psychologists can expect to make an average salary of $69,280 each year. The annual salary will be largely dependent upon the place of employment.", "With a mean salary of $72,710 per year, school psychologists earn more than many other social services jobs within the education system. School counselors earn a mean annual salary of $56,160, while elementary school teachers earn $56,320 and special education teachers for middle schools earn $59,540.", "As is the case with other psychology professions, experience greatly influences how much a clinical psychologist can earn. Clinical psychologists just getting started can expect to earn about $50,000 per year, where more experienced psychologists can earn up to $100,000 per year.", "Social psychology is the study of how the presence of people can affect one individual's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. The group of people that can influence a person is often real, but the imagined or even the implied presence of other people can sometimes alter an individual's behavior or thoughts.", "The Bureau of labor Statistics does not record salary data specifically for social psychologists, but it does record salary data for a number of similar professions. Sociologists made a median salary of $79,460 in 2010, and psychologists made a median salary of $86,510 in that same year.", "While the average beginning salary for industrial-organizational psychologists with a master’s degree is about $50,000, experienced industrial-organizational psychologists with a doctorate degree can earn up to $250,000 per year." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/much-psychologists-paid-8216.html", "http://www.psychologyschoolguide.net/psychology-careers/social-psychologists/", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/school-psychologist/salary", "http://www.collegeatlas.org/highest-paying-psychology-careers.html", "http://careersinpsychology.org/becoming-a-social-psychologist/", "http://careersinpsychology.org/becoming-a-social-psychologist/", "http://www.collegeatlas.org/highest-paying-psychology-careers.html" ] }

[]

[ "Approximately $3 to $6 per square foot for the first 10 feet in height and $5 to $10 for those above that." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cost of Driveway Pavers. 1 Brick pavers: $5 per square foot up to $10 per square foot. 2 Natural stone pavers: $6 per square foot to $50 per square foot. 3 Concrete pavers: $3 per square foot up to $10 per square foot. 1 Brick pavers: $5 per square foot up to $10 per square foot. 2 Natural stone pavers: $6 per square foot to $50 per square foot. 3 Concrete pavers: $3 per square foot up to $10 per square foot.", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Brick Veneer Installation project. For a basic 120 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Brick Veneer Siding ranges between $7.26 - $12.66 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased. 2.", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Masonry Wall Installation project. For a basic 120 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install a Masonry Wall ranges between $20.67 - $30.10 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased. 2", "Brick Siding Installation Cost. Construction ITEM DESCRIPTION. Masonry construction unit cost for brick veneer siding on exterior walls. Unit Size. One square foot. Labor Costs. We figure about 7 1/2 square feet per hour for a mason with a half-time unskilled worker in support. Material Costs. Bricks (7 per square foot) and mortar raw materials. ", "Labor Costs. When looking at the cost of a paver driveway, homeowners must factor in any labor costs. For an average 1,000 square foot driveway, the labor can cost $2,500 or more, which adds an additional $2.50 per square foot to the overall cost of the driveway. This assumes that the contractor completes the job within five days with a crew of up to five men. 1 Brick pavers: $5 per square foot up to $10 per square foot. 2 Natural stone pavers: $6 per square foot to $50 per square foot. 3 Concrete pavers: $3 per square foot up to $10 per square foot.", "A natural stone wall will cost around $8 to $12 per square foot based on the type of stone chosen. A concrete block wall costs $6.10 to $7.60 per linear foot. Homeowners will also need to pay for any other materials needed, including steel bars, sand to keep the stones from rubbing against each other and mortar. Cost of Materials. The cost of adding a new wall to a home depends on the material used. Brick walls are often an affordable option, and a hollow brick wall costs around $25.40 per square foot. Hollow bricks feature a unique design with a durable shell and a hollow space in the center of each brick.", "1 At Atek Building, a company in St Louis, Montana, that specializes in masonry solutions with brick and stone work, the cost of tuckpointing is approximately $3 to $6 per square foot for the first 10 feet in height and $5 to $10 for those above that. 1 According to HomeAdvisor.com, a typical tuckpointing job costs about $7 to $10 per square foot under normal conditions. 2 The quantity, accessibility, and condition of existing joints can indicate how much the tuckpointing job would cost.", "It depends on the finish and thinkness of the stucco. A two coat stucco veneer (brown and finish coats - 3/8 to 1/2) runs about $5.50 to $6.00 per square foot for a substantial size home. The larger the job, the less cost per foot. A traditional three coat stucco job (scratch, brown and finish - 3/4 to 7/8) rruns about $6.50- $6.75 per foot for flat walls. It varies, but generally along these lines. Residential brick masonry labor costs about $425 to $500 per thousand brick for flat walls. That includes buff or grey mortar, sand and brick ties." ], "url": [ "http://www.improvenet.com/r/costs-and-prices/driveway-pavers", "http://homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_brick_veneer_siding.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_masonry_wall.html", "http://www.turtlesoft.com/Construction-Costs/Masonry/Brick_Veneer.htm", "http://www.improvenet.com/r/costs-and-prices/driveway-pavers", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/walls-and-ceilings/install-a-brick-stone-or-block-wall/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/tuckpointing-cost/", "http://www.capitalcladding.com/faqs.php" ] }

[]

[ "Infection and inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (infection and inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity) is a frequent complication among cirrhotic patients (patients with end‐stage liver disease marked by irreversible scarring of liver tissue) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.", "Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin membrane that lines the abdominal wall and covers the organs inside. It is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. There are two major types of peritonitis.", "Definition. Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum — a silk-like membrane that lines your inner abdominal wall and covers the organs within your abdomen — that is usually due to a bacterial or fungal infection.", "This is called the peritoneum. Inflammation of the peritoneum is called peritonitis. The inflammation is caused by a fungal or bacterial infection, usually due to an injury to your abdomen, an underlying medical condition, or a treatment device, such as a dialysis catheter or feeding tube.", "In this article. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers and supports most of your abdominal organs. Peritonitis is usually caused by infection from bacteria or fungi.", "Background. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an acute bacterial infection of ascitic fluid. Generally, no source of the infecting agent is easily identifiable, but contamination of dialysate can cause the condition among those receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD)." ], "url": [ "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/?term=Spontaneous+bacterial+peritonitis", "http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/condition/peritonitis", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peritonitis/basics/definition/CON-20032165", "http://www.healthline.com/health/peritonitis", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/peritonitis-symptoms-causes-treatments", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/789105-overview" ] }

[]

[ "The liver function test." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A low or normal GGT test result indicates that it is unlikely that a person has liver disease or has consumed any alcohol. A high GGT level can help rule out bone disease as the cause of an increased ALP level, but if GGT is low or normal, then an increased ALP is more likely due to bone disease. An elevated GGT level suggests that something is damaging the liver but does not indicate specifically what. In general, the higher the level, the greater the insult – or damage – to the liver.", "GGT. GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase) is an enzyme produced in bile ducts that may be elevated due to bile duct illness. The GGT test is extremely sensitive and may be elevated due to any type of liver disease or by different drugs, including alcohol, even when liver disease is minimal. GGT levels are sometimes elevated even in the case of a normally functioning liver.", "Both ALP and GGT are elevated in disease of the bile ducts and in some liver diseases, but only ALP will be elevated in bone disease. Therefore, if the GGT level is normal in a person with a high ALP, the cause of the elevated ALP is most likely bone disease. The GGT test is sometimes used to help detect liver disease and bile duct obstructions. It is usually ordered in conjunction with or as follow up to other liver tests such as ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin. An elevated GGT level suggests that something is damaging the liver but does not indicate specifically what. In general, the higher the level, the greater the insult – or damage – to the liver.", "GGT, an abbreviation for gamma-glutamyl transferase, is a liver enzyme. It is also known as a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP or g-GTP). A blood test can determine your GGT level and is used to detect damage to the liver. GGT levels are increased in persons with diseases that cause damage to the liver and pancreas. For example, 75 percent of people who habitually drink large amounts of alcohol have elevated GGTs. GGT and the other liver enzymes are fasting blood tests; that is, the patient should not eat for eight hours before the blood draw. Always inform your doctor about any medications or supplements you are taking at the time of a", "GGT/GGTP blood test. This is one of the liver function tests (LFTs), and GGT is the liver enzyme most sensitive to liver disease 4, especially the etiologies having to do with cholestatic injury or biliary tract areas causing any obstruction.", "GGT is found in liver cells. This test helps your doctor look for possible damage to your liver or its ducts. It can also help tell the difference between liver and bone disease if your results from a different blood test called alkaline phosphatase are abnormal. ", "Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme that is found in many organs, such as the kidney, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and pancreas. Among these, the liver is the main source of GGT in the blood. This test measures the level of GGT in a blood sample. GGT is increased in most diseases that cause damage to the liver or bile ducts. Normally, GGT is present in low levels, but when the liver is injured, the GGT level can rise", "GGT is one of the liver enzymes that are usually restricted to the areas of the liver and some other organs but when there is some kind of liver disease, the levels of this enzyme increase because the enzyme starts to leak out of the liver into the bloodstream. Elevated GGT levels themselves do not mean anything as the levels of GGT tend to fluctuate during the day; however, the presence of jaundice is usually confirmation enough of some kind of liver damage. A GGT test should then be compared with an ALP test.", "GGT is concentrated in the liver, but it’s also present in the gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. GGT blood levels are usually high when the liver is damaged. This test is often done with other tests that measure liver enzymes if there’s a possibility of liver damage. Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) Test. The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) test measures the amount of the enzyme GGT in your blood. Enzymes are molecules that are necessary for chemical reactions in your body." ], "url": [ "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ggt/tab/test", "http://www.mydr.com.au/tests-investigations/liver-function-testing", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ggt/tab/test", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5068336_high-ggt-level.html", "http://palpath.com/MedicalTestPages/ggtp.htm", "http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=167&ContentID=gamma_glutamyl_transpeptidase", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ggt/tab/sample", "http://www.medicalhealthtests.com/blood-tests/blood-tests-ggt.html", "http://www.healthline.com/health/gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Plantar fasciitis is a repetitive strain injury whereby you have inflammation of the plantar fascia. In fact “itis” means inflammation. The plantar fascia is a thin band of tissue that connects at your heel bone and runs along the bottom of your foot and connects at the other end of your foot, at the base of your toes.", "The most common cause of heel pain is plantar fasciitis, which is simply inflammation of the plantar fascia. The plantar fascia is a big ligament attaching to the bottom of the heel and extending out to the toes.", "Plantar Fasciitis, Heel Spur s, Heel Pain. Plantar fasciitis (pronounced PLAN-tar fashee-EYE-tiss) is an inflammation of the plantar fascia (plantar refers to the bottom of the foot, fascia refers to a type of connective tissue, and itis means inflammation).", "The plantar fascia is a band of fibrous connective tissue that, lying atop the cushioning layers of fatty tissue that constitute the bottom of the foot, extends from the heel bone to the ball of the foot. Stress from mechanical problems, injury or overuse can cause the plantar fascia to become inflamed, creating pain.", "Plantar means the bottom of the foot, fascia is a type of connective tissue, and itis means inflammation. Heel spurs are soft, bendable deposits of calcium that are the result of tension and inflammation in the plantar fascia attachment to the heel. Heel spurs do not cause pain.", "San Francisco Podiatrist on Difference Between Heel Pain and a Heel Spur. Heel pain is the most common form of foot pain that causes people in San Francisco to make an appointment with a podiatry clinic. In fact, nationwide, about 40% of all visits to podiatrists are due to heel pain diagnosed as plantar fasciitis.", "Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. If your foot flattens or becomes unstable during critical times in the walking or running cycle, the attachment of the plantar fascia into your heel bone may begin to stretch and pull away from the heel bone. This will result in pain and possibly swelling.", "Plantar fasciitis occurs often in runners and other athletes. Plantar fasciitis is the most frequent cause of plantar (bottom of the foot) heel pain. For many years pain in this region has been incorrectly termed the heel spur syndrome.", "Plantar means the bottom of the foot, fascia is a type of connective tissue, and itis means inflammation. Heel spurs are soft, bendable deposits of calcium that are the result of tension and inflammation in the plantar fascia attachment to the heel." ], "url": [ "http://www.plantarfasciitistips.com/blog/plantar-fasciitis-or-heel-spurs/", "http://myrunningdoc.blogspot.com/2010/03/san-francisco-podiatrist-on-difference.html", "http://sinoemedicalassociation.org/orthopedicsurgery/id19.htm", "http://www.hartfordmedicalgroup.com/ed_podiatry_pfhs.php", "http://heelspurs.com/_intro.html", "http://myrunningdoc.blogspot.com/2010/03/san-francisco-podiatrist-on-difference.html", "http://drpribut.com/sports/heelhtm.htm", "http://drpribut.com/sports/heelhtm.htm", "http://www.heelspurs.com/index.html" ] }

[]

[ "Estimated $7 Billion per year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Office of National Drug Control Policy estimates that Americans spend approximately $65 billion per year on illegal drugs. As of July 2006, this initiative has resulted in the arrest of 418 defendants and the seizure of $65.4 million in United States currency, $14.5 million in assets, 59.6 metric tons of marijuana, 9.7 metric tons of cocaine, 126.7 kilograms of methamphetamine, 9 kilograms of heroin, 249 vehicles, and 77 weapons.", "1 Standard Chartered: paid $330 million in fines for money-laundering hundreds of billions of dollars for Iran. 2 The money-laundering took place in the 2000s and occurred for nearly a decade to hide 60,000 transactions worth $250 billion. Anti-money laundering (AML) is a term mainly used in the financial and legal industries to describe the legal controls that require financial institutions and other regulated entities to prevent, detect, and report money laundering activities.", "in Business Risk, Transnational Crime. According to previous estimates by security agencies and the financial industry, between $1.5 Trillion to $2.5 Trillion is laundered around the world each year. According to Bloomberg, the September 11 attacks cost less than $500,000 to plan and implement. The Al-Qaeda attacks in Madrid and London cost $100,000 to carry out. (See more money laundering statistics.). Source: Charles Kenny, “Why the World Is So Bad at Tracking Dirty Money,” Bloomberg Business, February 23, 2015.", "The black market peso exchange system in Colombia is estimated to launder $6 billion per annum in drug profits. It has been estimated that each year $15 billion flows our of Russia – and it is almost impossible to determine how much of this figure is capital flight and how much is money laundering. As for where the funds generated by money laundering reside, I suggest that the best place to start is offshore. Conservative estimates place the funds controlled by offshore centres at $5 trillion-which increases by $500 billion each year.....", "It is estimated that the four major drugs that are smuggled into the United States from Mexico (i.e. methamphetamine, heroin, cocaine, and marijuana,) generate as much as $22 billion per year for the sources of supply. As of July 2006, this initiative has resulted in the arrest of 418 defendants and the seizure of $65.4 million in United States currency, $14.5 million in assets, 59.6 metric tons of marijuana, 9.7 metric tons of cocaine, 126.7 kilograms of methamphetamine, 9 kilograms of heroin, 249 vehicles, and 77 weapons.", "The results from these measures leads to a 0.2 percent seizure rate of laundered money in the United States. One reason given for the difficulty of seizing illicit funds is due to the small amounts needed to create terrorism. According to Bloomberg, the September 11 attacks cost less than $500,000 to plan and implement. The Al-Qaeda attacks in Madrid and London cost $100,000 to carry out. (See more money laundering statistics.). Source: Charles Kenny, “Why the World Is So Bad at Tracking Dirty Money,” Bloomberg Business, February 23, 2015.", "1 Anti-Money Laundering Requirements: Costs, Benefits and Perceptions is published by the Corporation of London. The authors of this report are Mark Yeandle, Michael Mainelli, Adrian Berendt and Brian Healy of Z/Yen Limited. 8 Using HM Treasury for the UK figures, Reuter & Truman for the USA figures, and cross validating with other sources including Celent (a leading AML software supplier) 9 we offer the following very broad estimates: 4 KPMG, Global Anti-Money Laundering Survey 2004 – September 2004.", "The criminal wants to have these funds available to them in their home country. The funds are subsequently wired to a domestic bank account by company “A” for the purchase of shares in company “B” which is also owned by the criminal. An inflated value of $200000 is placed on the shares of company “B”. Company “B” now has $200 000 in its account available to the criminal. Money Laundering Indicators for Individuals © OECD 2009 19 Money Laundering Indicators for Individuals Introduction When performing the audit or examining the tax return there are factors to consider that will assist in identifying possible cases of money laundering.", "In order to comply with the anti-laundering regulations, financial firms and banks in the United States spend an estimated $7 Billion per year in compliance measures. According to Bloomberg, the September 11 attacks cost less than $500,000 to plan and implement. The Al-Qaeda attacks in Madrid and London cost $100,000 to carry out. (See more money laundering statistics.). Source: Charles Kenny, “Why the World Is So Bad at Tracking Dirty Money,” Bloomberg Business, February 23, 2015.", "They offer £25bn as a ‘best estimate’ for the amount of money laundered. £25bn represents 19% of the ‘underground’ or ‘shadow’ economy which is estimated to be £132bn (approximately 13% of GDP). The bulk of the shadow economy in the UK consists of funds generated by tax evasion. 8 Using HM Treasury for the UK figures, Reuter & Truman for the USA figures, and cross validating with other sources including Celent (a leading AML software supplier) 9 we offer the following very broad estimates: 4 KPMG, Global Anti-Money Laundering Survey 2004 – September 2004." ], "url": [ "http://www.dea.gov/ops/money.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_laundering", "http://www.havocscope.com/how-much-banks-spend-on-anti-money-laundering/", "http://www.dirtydealing.org/pages/money_laundering_statistics.htm", "http://www.dea.gov/ops/money.shtml", "http://www.havocscope.com/how-much-banks-spend-on-anti-money-laundering/", "http://www.zyen.com/PDF/AMLR_FULL.pdf", "http://www.oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/43841099.pdf", "http://www.havocscope.com/how-much-banks-spend-on-anti-money-laundering/", "http://www.zyen.com/PDF/AMLR_FULL.pdf" ] }

[]

[ "A compound that contains a significant amount of carbon." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Noun. 1. organic compound-any compound of carbon and another element or a radical. aldehyde-any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds; used in making resins and dyes and organic acids. aliphatic compound-organic compound that is an alkane or alkene or alkyne or their derivative.", "The modern meaning of organic compound is any compound that contains a significant amount of carbon—even though many of the organic compounds known today have no connection to any substance found in living organisms. There is no single official definition of an organic compound. Some textbooks define an organic compound as one that contains one or more C-H bonds. Others include C-C bonds in the definition. Others state that if a molecule contains carbon―it is organic.", "An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon.[this is an extracted definition from wiki encyclopedia organic compound].", "organic compound-any compound of carbon and another element or a radical. aldehyde-any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds; used in making resins and dyes and organic acids.", "Organic compound. Definition. noun, plural: organic compounds. Any compound containing carbon atom. Supplement. An organic compound always contains carbon. A few exceptions are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, carbides, and thyocyanates, which are considered inorganic. Examples of organic compounds are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.", "organic-compound-Computer Definition. In physics, a material that contains carbon and hydrogen and usually other elements such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. Organic compounds can be found in nature or they can be synthesized in the laboratory. An organic substance is not the same as a natural substance. A natural material means that it is essentially the same as it was found in nature, but organic means that it is carbon based." ], "url": [ "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/organic+compound", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compound", "http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/6690/what-is-the-definition-of-organic-compounds", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/organic+compound", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Organic_compound", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/organic-compound" ] }

[]

[ "It is paid for education of children who is eligible deduction for tuition fees u s 80c of the income tax act 1961." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "amount of tax deduction taxpayers can deduct up to $ 4000 in college tuition and required fees as an above the line exclusion from income the deduction is reduced to $ 2000 for taxpayers with income between the income phaseout thresholds the tuition and fees deduction also known as the torricelli deduction or the limited deduction for tuition expenses provides an above the line exclusion from income based on amounts paid for college tuition and fees an above the line exclusion from income may be claimed even if the taxpayer does not itemize", "the american opportunity credit offers a maximum credit of $ 2500 which requires only $ 4000 of qualified expenses the lifetime learning credit offers a credit of 20 percent of up to $ 10000 in expenses for a maximum credit of $ 2000 the tuition and fees deduction allows you to deduct $ 4000 since it s a deduction you have to multiply the deduction by your tax rate to figure the savings for example if you fall in the 30 percent tax bracket a $ 4000 deduction saves you $ 1200", "2 each parent can claim the deduction for the tuition fees paid for up to two children each thereby covering a maximum of four children in a family 3 this deduction is available to the parent who has made the payment to the extent of the tuition fee actually paid or rs 1 lakh rs answer payment of tuition fee up to rs 1 lakh rs 1 50 lakh from a y 2015 16 can be claimed as deduction u s 80c of the i t act but the payment of tuition fee for full time course must be for for any two children of individual", "the maximum tuition and fees deduction in 2014 is $ 4000 $ 2000 or $ 0 depending on the amount of your magi see effect of the amount of your income on the amount of your deduction later you claim a tuition and fees deduction by completing form 8917 and submitting it with your form 1040 or form 1040a enter the deduction on form 1040 line 34 or form 1040a line 19 a filled in form 8917 is shown at the end of this chapter", "you paid $ 3500 of qualified education expenses in december 2014 and your child began college in january 2015 you claimed $ 3500 as the tuition and fees deduction on your 2014 income tax return the reduction reduced your taxable income by $ 3500 you claim a tuition and fees deduction by completing form 8917 and submitting it with your form 1040 or form 1040a enter the deduction on form 1040 line 34 or form 1040a line 19 a filled in form 8917 is shown at the end of this chapter", "the tuition and fees deduction allows taxpayers to deduct up to $ 4000 in tuition expenses as an above the line exclusion from income this tax benefit is also known as the limited deduction for tuition expenses or as the torricelli deduction amount of the deduction taxpayers can deduct up to $ 4000 in tuition expenses as an exclusion from income this means you can deduct the tuition expenses even if you don t itemize deductions on schedule a of your 1040 advertisement the tax deduction is only for tuition expenses paid by the taxpayer", "effect of the amount of your income on the amount of your deduction if your magi is not more than $ 65000 $ 130000 if you are married filing jointly your maximum tuition and fees deduction is $ 4000 you claim a tuition and fees deduction by completing form 8917 and submitting it with your form 1040 or form 1040a enter the deduction on form 1040 line 34 or form 1040a line 19 a filled in form 8917 is shown at the end of this chapter", "the qualified expenses must be for higher education the tuition and fees deduction can reduce the amount of your income subject to tax by up to $ 4000 generally you can claim the tuition and fees deduction if all three of the following requirements are met 1 you pay qualified education expenses of higher education 2", "deduction u s 80c for tuition school fees paid for education of children who is eligible deduction for tuition fees u s 80c of the income tax act 1961 is available to individual assessee and is not available to huf maximum child deduction under this section is available for tuition fees paid on two children s education answer payment of tuition fee up to rs 1 lakh rs 1 50 lakh from a y 2015 16 can be claimed as deduction u s 80c of the i t act but the payment of tuition fee for full time course must be for for any two children of", "tuition and fees deduction this is the last year for claiming up to $ 4000 in deductions for tuition and fees this benefit expired at the end of 2013 and has not been extended a deduction is less valuable than a tax credit which is why this is listed third " ], "url": [ "https://www.edvisors.com/education-tax-benefits/tuition-and-fees/tuition-deduction/", "http://finance.zacks.com/education-credit-vs-tuition-deduction-2209.html", "http://taxguru.in/income-tax/deduction-us-80c-for-tuitionschool-fees-paid-for-education-of-children.html", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p970/ch06.html", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p970/ch06.html", "http://www.finaid.org/otheraid/torricellideduction.phtml", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p970/ch06.html", "https://www.taxslayer.com/support/knowledgebasearticle187.aspx", "http://taxguru.in/income-tax/deduction-us-80c-for-tuitionschool-fees-paid-for-education-of-children.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/terry-savage/big-tax-deductions-for-co_b_4992400.html" ] }

[]

[ "Abrupt complete cessation of the use of an addictive drug; also: the symptoms experienced by a person undergoing withdrawal from a drug." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Top Definition. Cold Turkey. A faster but unpleasant method of stopping an addictive habit, such as drugs or alcohol. It means that you just totally, completely stop, and never do it again (or at least try to).", "cold′ tur′key. 1. abrupt and complete withdrawal from the use of an addictive substance, esp. a narcotic drug or nicotine. 2. abruptly and completely: to withdraw cold turkey from a drug. 3. without preparation; impromptu. [1915–20, Amer.", "Full Definition of COLD TURKEY. 1. : abrupt complete cessation of the use of an addictive drug; also: the symptoms experienced by a person undergoing withdrawal from a drug. 2. : unrelieved blunt language or procedure. 3. : a cold aloof person. — cold–turkey transitive verb.", "1. abrupt and complete withdrawal from the use of an addictive substance, esp. a narcotic drug or nicotine. 2. abruptly and completely: to withdraw cold turkey from a drug. 3. without preparation; impromptu." ], "url": [ "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Cold+Turkey", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cold+turkey", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cold%20turkey", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Cold+Turkey+(song)" ] }

[]

[ "Skin rashes, Eye inflammation, Hair loss, Dry mouth, Fever, Loss of appetite & fatigue, A dull aching pain (in the groin, outer thigh, Knee, or buttocks), Swelling of joints, Restricted motions, Reduced physical strength, Morning stiffness." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Even though it is called non-inflammatory arthritis, OA still results in inflammation of the joints. The difference is that this inflammation is the result of wear and tear. In particular, OA results from the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage is the slick tissue that covers and cushions the ends of the bones in a joint. Arthritis is a condition in which one or more of your joints are inflamed. This can result in stiffness, soreness, and in many cases, swelling. Inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritis are the two most common forms of the condition. However, there are dozens of different arthritis types", "Symptoms. Inflammatory arthritis may cause general symptoms throughout the body, such as fever, loss of appetite and fatigue. A hip affected by inflammatory arthritis will feel painful and stiff. There are other symptoms, as well: 1 A dull, aching pain in the groin, outer thigh, knee, or buttocks. The most common form of arthritis in the hip is osteoarthritis — the wear-and-tear arthritis that damages cartilage over time, typically causing painful symptoms in people after they reach middle age. Unlike osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis affects people of all ages, often showing signs in early adulthood.", "Inflammatory arthritis is a group of diseases which includes: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, adult-onset Still's disease, scleroderma, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Signs and symptoms [edit]. Symptoms of inflammatory arthritis include stiffness, pain, and swelling of the joints, restricted motions, and reduced physical strength. Other symptoms may include systemic complaints including fatigue", "Some, but not all types of arthritis, are the result of misdirected inflammation. Arthritis is a general term that describes inflammation in joints. Some types of arthritis associated with inflammation include: 1 Rheumatoid arthritis. 2 Psoriatic arthritis. 3 Gouty arthritis. 4 Systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflammation may also be associated with general flu -like symptoms including: 1 Fever. 2 Chills. 3 Fatigue /loss of energy. 4 Headaches. 5 Loss of appetite. 6 Muscle stiffness.", "Inflammatory Arthritis Symptoms. Inflammatory arthritis is characterized by pain, swelling, warmth and tenderness in the joints as well as morning stiffness that lasts for more than an hour. Depending on the specific form of arthritis, these symptoms could include skin rashes, eye inflammation, hair loss, dry mouth and fever.", "Because most inflammatory forms of arthritis are systemic (meaning they affect the entire body), other symptoms related to inflammation may occur in other parts of the body. Depending on the specific form of arthritis, these symptoms could include skin rashes, eye inflammation, hair loss, dry mouth and fever.", "Treatment for inflammatory arthritis is tailored to the specific disease, its symptoms and its severity; however, several drugs are used for different forms of inflammatory arthritis. Depending on the specific form of arthritis, these symptoms could include skin rashes, eye inflammation, hair loss, dry mouth and fever." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/inflammatory-arthritis", "http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00396", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_arthritis", "http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/arthritis-inflammation", "http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/types/inflammatory-arthritis/", "http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/types/inflammatory-arthritis/", "http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/types/inflammatory-arthritis/" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pregnant women could also go for a swim at a swimming pool, but it can also be risky in some circumstances. The chemicals used in swimming pools can be dangerous for moms-to-be and their babies, if too much is being added to the water, but normal levels of chlorine are generally OK unless the water is ingested.", "For many pregnant women, sitting in a hot tub sounds like a great way to ease muscle aches related to pregnancy. It is important to use caution when choosing a hot tub for relaxation and pain relief. Hot tubs can cause hyperthermia, which is an abnormally high body temperature.", "Tagged: 0 Thread(s). Quoted: 0 Post(s). I was browsing through Fit Pregnancy for dummies at the bookstore last night and it said that pregnant women were not supposed to swim in the ocean, lakes, or ponds. The reason given was the risk of getting an infection from the water.", "General Guidelines. Generally speaking, boating on a sleepy body of water such as a still lake while pregnant is completely safe. However, as with all outdoor activities during pregnancy, you should really get the final word from your doctor before making plans to go boating. Depending on your specific condition, he may have some concerns.", "In the ocean, a pregnant woman needs to be aware of what can be lurking in the water, including jellyfish, anemones and hydroids, which can sting and cause pain, according to DrGreene.com. In rare cases, sharks can also be a danger. Avoid swimming in areas where sharks are common and swim with other people. Avoid swallowing ocean water because it can be contaminated with untreated sewage from fertilizers, pets, boats and faulty septic systems." ], "url": [ "http://www.livestrong.com/article/521774-is-it-safe-to-get-in-beach-water-when-pregnant/", "http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-health/hot-tubs-during-pregnancy/", "http://www.mothering.com/forum/19-i-m-pregnant/172690-ok-swim-ocean-while-pregnant.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/191278-boating-pregnancy-information/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/521774-is-it-safe-to-get-in-beach-water-when-pregnant/" ] }

[]

[ "An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that arises from osteoblasts and was originally thought to be a smaller version of an osteoblastoma. Osteoid osteomas tend to be less than 1.5 cm in size." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Osteoid Osteoma. An osteoid osteoma is a benign (noncancerous) bone tumor that usually develops in the long bones of the body such as the femur (thighbone) and tibia (shinbone). Although osteoid osteomas can cause pain and discomfort, they do not spread throughout the body", "An osteoid osteoma is a benign (non-cancerous), small tumor that usually grows in the long bones of a person’s lower extremities. The thighbone is the most common location, although it can occur in the bones of the hand, and it sometimes occurs in the lower part of the spine. ", "Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor of the bone. This tumor is most frequently found in the legs but may occur also at other bones in nearly any part of the body. Osteoid osteoma is a tumor of children and young adults, it is very rare in older adults over the age of 50. ", "Overview. Osteoid osteoma is a benign skeletal neoplasm of unknown etiology that is composed of osteoid and woven bone. The tumor is usually smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter. Osteoid osteoma can occur in any bone, but in approximately two thirds of patients, the appendicular skeleton is involved. The skull and facial bones are involved exceptionally.", "Osteoblasts begin the process of forming bone tissue by secreting the osteoid as several specific proteins. When the osteoid becomes mineralized, it and the adjacent bone cells have developed into new bone tissue. Osteoid makes up about fifty percent of bone volume and forty percent of bone weight. It is composed of fibers and ground substance. The predominant fiber-type is Type I collagen and comprises ninety percent of the osteoid. The ground substance is mostly made up of chondroitin sulfate and osteocalcin", "An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that arises from osteoblasts and was originally thought to be a smaller version of an osteoblastoma. Osteoid osteomas tend to be less than 1.5 cm in size. The tumor can be in any bone in the body but are most common in long bones, such as the femur and tibia. ", "Osteoid Osteoma. Osteoid osteoma is a common benign tumor that can occur in any bone, but tends to affect hips and legs more than other bones. In 7-20 percent of cases, osteoid osteoma occurs in the spine. ", "General Information. Osteoid Osteoma is a benign osteoblastic (bone forming) tumor that is usually less than 2cm in size. It consists of a central vascularized nidus that represents the neoplastic tissue. The nidus is surrounded by normal reactive bone. It is usually a single lesion that is very painful. " ], "url": [ "http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00507", "http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/osteoid-osteoma", "http://radiology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/services/osteoid-osteoma", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/392850-overview", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoid", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoid_osteoma", "http://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/osteoid-osteoma", "http://www.tumorsurgery.org/tumor-education/bone-tumors/types-of-bone-tumors/osteoid-osteoma.aspx" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 direct onomatopoeia: the sound of the word resembles the sound that it names. 2 examples-pop, hiss, whirr, splash, rustle, zoom, bang, shriek, thud, ding-dong, gargle, crunch. 3 associated onomatopoeia: the name of an object resembles a sound associated with it. 1 associated onomatopoeia: the name of an object resembles a sound associated with it. 2 examples-cuckoo(and other birds) , bubble, whip, scratch, splatter, cackle, cough, whisper. 3 exemplary onomatopoeia: the amount and character of the physical work used by a speaker when verbalizing a word matches its meaning.", "A list of onomatopoeia words. Here is my list of onomatopoeia words I’ve collected. These words sound like the objects they name or the sounds those objects make. They can really liven up your writing and they’re fun to use. I would love some more suggestions. A. 1 achoo. 2 ahem", "Onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia is a word which mimics the sound it represents. Unlike most words whose connection to the meaning which the word represents is abstract, onomatopoeias have a direct connection to the words they represent. Onomatopoeias are used in poetry, comic books, advertising, and even in everyday speech", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. 1 direct onomatopoeia: the sound of the word resembles the sound that it names. 2 examples-pop, hiss, whirr, splash, rustle, zoom, bang, shriek, thud, ding-dong, gargle, crunch. 3 associated onomatopoeia: the name of an object resembles a sound associated with it. 1 associated onomatopoeia: the name of an object resembles a sound associated with it. 2 examples-cuckoo(and other birds) , bubble, whip, scratch, splatter, cackle, cough, whisper. 3 exemplary onomatopoeia: the amount and character of the physical work used by a speaker when verbalizing a word matches its meaning.", "The speaker uses strong imagery, white eyes writhing, and onomatopoeia gargling of blood choked lungs, to convey the horror of war. The speaker uses a simile, like a devil's sick of sin, to describe the face of the suffering soldier. In the first stanza the speaker describes the calm before the gas attack. The speaker uses alliteration, bent beggars, and onomatopoeia cough to create a sense of despair. The speaker uses assonance and alliteration in Men marched asleep to emphasize the falling rhythm of the exhausted men.", "This is a list of onomatopoeias, i.e. words that imitate, resemble or suggest the source of the sound that they describe. For more information, see the linked articles. ", "FeedWind. gargle. to wash the mouth with suspended liquid, also: gurgle. liquid water. gurgle. to flow in a broken irregular current, make the sound of bubbling liquid, washing the mouth with suspended liquid (soundclip), also: gargle. liquid water. Search tips: - Fewer searchterms (eg. Onomatopoeia Dictionary. human &nbsp laughter &nbsp pain &nbsp eating, drinking &nbsp animal &nbsp hit &nbsp hard hit &nbsp light hit &nbsp explosion &nbsp weapon &nbsp metal &nbsp engine &nbsp automotive &nbsp movement &nbsp weather &nbsp liquid &nbsp gas &nbsp crack &nbsp tone &nbsp music.", "to flow in a broken irregular current, make the sound of bubbling liquid, washing the mouth with suspended liquid (soundclip), also: gargle. liquid water. Onomatopoeia Dictionary. human &nbsp laughter &nbsp pain &nbsp eating, drinking &nbsp animal &nbsp hit &nbsp hard hit &nbsp light hit &nbsp explosion &nbsp weapon &nbsp metal &nbsp engine &nbsp automotive &nbsp movement &nbsp weather &nbsp liquid &nbsp gas &nbsp crack &nbsp tone &nbsp music.", "Onomatopoeia is word that mimics the sound of the object or action it refers to. When you pronounce a word, it will mimic its sound. " ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Types_of_onomatopoeia", "http://www.alisonreynolds.com.au/?p=1407", "http://literarydevices.net/a-huge-list-of-onomatopoeia-examples/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Types_of_onomatopoeia", "http://www.studymode.com/essays/Dulce-Et-Decorum-Est-116631.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_onomatopoeias", "http://www.writtensound.com/index.php?term=gargle", "http://www.writtensound.com/index.php?term=gargle", "http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-onomatopoeia-for-kids.html" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "What does Evangeline mean, popularity, numerology and more. The name Evangeline is of Greek origin. The meaning of Evangeline is good news, message. It is also of English origin, where its meaning is good tidings the word. ", "Greek Meaning: The name Evangeline is a Greek baby name. In Greek the meaning of the name Evangeline is: Good news, bringer of good news. Famous bearer: American poet Longfellow's poem 'Evangeline'; Evangeline (Eva) from 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'. American Meaning: The name Evangeline is an American", "The name is ancient Greek, derives from Evangelos, an epithet of gods Zeus and Hermes. -- Damis 6/27/2005. I think there's a book about a girl named Evangeline. She fell in love with a cajun boy who never returned her love and she eventually died a virgin. This name is actually from a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Evangeline is the title character, who falls in love with a boy in her village in Canada and is separated from him. She spends the rest of her life trying to find him, and she eventually does, but he's on his deathbed.", "Notes: Evangeline is a name with English origins. The meaning of the name Evangeline is messenger of good news. Alternate spellings of the name Evangeline are Evangelina and Evangaline. Nicknames include Ev, Angie, and Lina. Evangeline Lily is a famous Canadian actress. Evangeline Walton is an American Author", "Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie, is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847. The poem follows an Acadian girl named Evangeline and her search for her lost love Gabriel, set during the time of the Expulsion of the Acadians. ", "Evangeline /evan-ge-line/ [4 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced ee-van-ja-LEEN. It is of Latin and Greek origin, and the meaning of Evangeline is good news. Fancy name from evangelium, the term for the Gospels (Greek euangelion, from eu good and angelma news) and the French diminutive-ine. It is thus realted to Angela. Literary: the name of a Cajun girl in Evangeline, a 1848 poem by American poet Longfellow.", "[ 4 syll. e-van-ge-li-ne, ev-angel-ine ] The baby girl name Evangeline is pronounced iy-V AE NJHeh-LayN-or iy-V AE NJHeh-LiyiyN †. Evangeline's language of origin is Old Greek. It is predominantly used in English and French. It is from euangelion which means 'gospel, good news' ; eu 'good, well' ; angelma 'news, tidings'. Evangeline is a popular baby girl name, and it is also perceived as trendy. The name has been rising in popularity since the 2000s. At the modest peak of its usage in 2011, 0.057% of baby girls were named Evangeline.", "Etymology & Historical Origin-Evangeline. Evangeline is a fanciful derivation of the Latin word “evangelium” meaning ‘gospel’ from the Greek “euangelion” (“eu” meaning ‘good’ and “angelma” meaning ‘tidings’). The name was brought to life by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in his 1847 epic poem “Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie”. Literary Characters of the Baby Name Evangeline. Evangeline (Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie) Evangeline is the heroine of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s epic poem “Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie” published in 1847.", "Evangeline is a name with English origins. The meaning of the name Evangeline is messenger of good news. Alternate spellings of the name Evangeline are Evangelina and Evangaline. Nicknames include Ev, Angie, and Lina. Evangeline Lily is a famous Canadian actress.", "Evangelia. Evangelia is a rather popular female name in Greece, the female respective of name Evangelos. Similar to Evangelos, name Evangelia also refers to the messenger of good news and is associated with the Annunciation of Virgin Mary. " ], "url": [ "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Evangeline.html", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/evangeline", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/evangeline/comments", "http://www.babynames.com/name/EVANGELINE", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeline", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Evangeline", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Evangeline", "http://www.ohbabynames.com/meaning/name/evangeline/615", "http://www.babynames.com/name/EVANGELINE", "http://www.greek-names.info/evangelia/" ] }

[]

[ "It is a wave-like movement (motion) that progresses along some of the hollow tubes of the body that have circular and longitudinal muscles, such as the intestines." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "peristalsis. the wormlike movement by which the alimentary canal or other tubular organs with both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers propel their contents, consisting of a wave of contraction passing along the tube.", "Peristalsis. Food is moved the digestive system by a process known as peristalsis. This is the contractions of two sets of muscles in the walls of the gut. One set runs along the gut, while the other set circles it. Their wave-like contractions create a squeezing action, moving down the gut. ", "In much of a digestive tract such as the human gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle tissue contracts in sequence to produce a peristaltic wave, which propels a ball of food (called a bolus while in the esophagus and upper gastrointestinal tract and chyme in the stomach) along the tract. 1 First, there is a primary peristaltic wave, which occurs when the bolus enters the esophagus during swallowing. 2 The primary peristaltic wave forces the bolus down the esophagus and into the stomach in a wave lasting about 8–9 seconds.", "Peristalsis: The rippling motion of muscles in the digestive tract. In the stomach, this motion mixes food with gastric juices, turning it into a thin liquid. ", "peristalsis. 1. Rhythmic contractions in the walls of tubular organs that push the contents onward, e.g. food in the intestine. 2. Waves of muscular contraction that force substances through passageways, such as the alimentary canal. 1. peristalsis-the process of wavelike muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along. vermiculation. bodily function, bodily process, body process, activity-an organic process that takes place in the body; respiratory activity.", "Tissues and Organs of the Digestive System. and about Diseases and Disorders of the Digestive System. Peristalsis is a wave-like movement (motion) that progresses along some of the hollow tubes of the body that have circular and longitudinal muscles, such as the intestines. Peristalsis happens involuntarily and is induced by distension of the walls of the tube. 1 Immediately behind the distension the. .", "Peristalsis is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles which propagates in a wave down a muscular tube, in an anterograde fashion. In humans, peristalsis is found in the contraction of smooth muscles to propel contents through the digestive tract. It is wave contraction of longitudinal and circular muscles preceded by wave relaxation of these muscles. Earthworms use a similar mechanism to drive their locomot", "Noun. 1. peristalsis-the process of wavelike muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along. vermiculation. bodily function, bodily process, body process, activity-an organic process that takes place in the body; respiratory activity.", "Definition of PERISTALSIS. : successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure (as the esophagus or intestine) and forcing the contents onward. See peristalsis defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT. : successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure (as the esophagus or intestine) and forcing the contents onward—compare segmentation 2.", "Peristalsis. a wavelike contraction that propels the contents of tubular organs, for example, the intestine, stomach, and ureters, caudally in animals or in a downward direction in man. Peristalsis is the result of many coordinated contractions of the longitudinal and transverse muscles in the walls of a tubular organ. A single peristaltic wave takes the form of a circular constriction around the lumen that moves along the length of the organ." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Peristalsis", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/common_systems/digestionrev2.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristalsis", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4839", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/peristalsis", "http://www.ivyroses.com/Define/Peristalsis", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/peristalsis", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/peristalsis", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/peristalsis", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/peristalsis" ] }

[]

[ "$25-$35 per week, or $100-$140 per month." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The average cost for lawn service will depend on what exactly you sign up for. A typical estimate will include prices for a weekly lawn cut, weeding beds, a spring cleanup, trimming hedges, a fall cleanup, and a chemical program. These items may be priced individually or lumped together as a monthly maintenance price.", "The average cost to cut a lawn is between $20 and $40. Determine a base price for small, medium and large-sized properties. For example, you may only charge $20 to cut the front and back of a small property that only takes 30 to 60 minutes, but charge $40 for a property that takes twice as long to complete. Step 2.", "1 A reasonable price for lawn care is $25-$35 per week, or $100-$140 per month. 2 By the hour, this works out to $20-$25 per hour, or $40-$50 for half acre lawns. 3 Most landscapers will include basic lawn maintenance such as lawn mowing and edging.", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Small Lawn Mowing project. For a basic 500 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Mow a Lawn ranges between $0.03 - $0.14 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased. 2.", "Lawn Care Prices. 1 A reasonable price for lawn care is $25-$35 per week, or $100-$140 per month. 2 By the hour, this works out to $20-$25 per hour, or $40-$50 for half acre lawns. 3 Most landscapers will include basic lawn maintenance such as lawn mowing and edging." ], "url": [ "http://www.the-lawn-advisor.com/Average-Cost-for-Lawn-Service.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/price-lawn-cutting-12042.html", "http://www.costowl.com/home-improvement/landscaping-lawncare.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_mow_lawn.html", "http://www.costowl.com/home-improvement/landscaping-lawncare.html" ] }

[]

[ "1956-1950", "This is a timeline of the African-American Civil Rights Movement of 1954-1968, a nonviolent freedom movement to gain legal equality and enforcement of constitutional rights for African Americans." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, or national origin. The law also provides the federal government with the powers to enforce desegregation.", "The Civil Rights Act of 1964 passes Congress, prohibiting discrimination in a number of settings: Title I prohibits discrimination in voting; Title II: public accommodations; Title III: Public Facilities; Title IV: Public Education; Title VI: Federally-Assisted Programs; Title VII: Employment. Americans with Disabilities Act. Signed into law in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects persons with disabilities from discrimination in many aspects of life, including employment, education, and access to public accommodations.", "Civil Rights: Timeline of Events. A timeline of key events in the development of civil rights law. This article outlines important historical and legal developments, including the emancipation proclamation, the passing of the 13th Amendment, and more. An overview of civil rights law and the history behind it. Learn about the sources of civil rights, the key differences between civil rights and civil liberties, and how to get a legal help with a civil rights issue.", "A major precursor to the Civil War, this controversial U.S. Supreme Court decision denied citizenship and basic rights to all blacks -- whether slave or free. Emancipation Proclamation. Americans with Disabilities Act. Signed into law in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects persons with disabilities from discrimination in many aspects of life, including employment, education, and access to public accommodations.", "A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury. Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, press, and assembly; the right to vote; freedom from involuntary servitude; and the right to equality in public places. Discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or interfered with because of their membership in a particular group or class. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination in federally funded programs. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination where the employer is engaged in interstate commerce. Congress has passed numerous other laws dealing with employment discrimination.", "The African-American Civil Rights Movement were the movements during the 1950’s to 1960’s that were aimed at making racial discrimination against African Americans illegal and restoring their voting. This movement, as well as the Black Power Movement between the 1960’s and 1970’s, expanded the goals of the Civil Rights Movement beyond ending racial discrimination by including the feelings of political and economic self-sufficiency, racial dignity, and freedom from any oppression by white Americans.", "This is a timeline of the African-American Civil Rights Movement of 1954-1968, a nonviolent freedom movement to gain legal equality and enforcement of constitutional rights for African Americans. ", "A Civil Rights Timeline: 1956-1950. 1956: The first two months of the year, whites are angry about the Montgomery Bus Boycott, this anger results in the bombing of 4 African-American churches as well as the homes of civil rights leaders and E.D. Nixon and Martin Luther King, Jr. This movement, as well as the Black Power Movement between the 1960’s and 1970’s, expanded the goals of the Civil Rights Movement beyond ending racial discrimination by including the feelings of political and economic self-sufficiency, racial dignity, and freedom from any oppression by white Americans.", "Civil Rights: Law and History. An overview of civil rights law and the history behind it. Learn about the sources of civil rights, the key differences between civil rights and civil liberties, and how to get a legal help with a civil rights issue.", "Congress passes the first Civil Rights Act, guaranteeing African Americans equal rights in transportation, restaurant/inns, theaters and on juries. The law is struck down in 1883 with the Court majority arguing the Constitution allows Congress to act only on discrimination by government and not that by private citizens. The village was occupied by the American Indian Movement (AIM) in an effort to spur talks with the U.S. government on violated treaty rights, BIA abuses on the reservation and civil rights concerns of Native Americans." ], "url": [ "http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html", "http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-rights-timeline-of-events.html", "http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-rights-history.html", "http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-rights-timeline-of-events.html", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/civil_rights", "http://kids.laws.com/civil-rights-timeline", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement", "http://kids.laws.com/civil-rights-timeline", "http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-rights-history.html", "http://www.civilrights.org/resources/civilrights101/chronology.html" ] }

[]

[ "222 km by Road" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It is located on national highway 45-A (ECR east coast road) between chidambaram and karaikal. The total straight air distance between Thirukadaiyur to Bangalore is 322 KM (kilometers) and 594 meters. The mile based measurement distance is 200.5 miles. But the motor road via salem will be 415 kilometer. Bangalore to Thirukadaiyur via ThiruVannaMalai will be lesser the above distance.", "By bus. No direct bus between Salem and Thirukadaiyur is available.Best to take Kpn Travels from Salem to Chennai then take Universal Travels from Chennai to Thirukadaiyur. SALEM CHENNAI THIRUKADAIYUR. DURATION13 h 54 m FARERs.", "Distance between Salem to Thirukadaiyur is 222 km by Road along with an aerial distance of 190 km.", "The distance between cities of Tamil Nadu (India) is calculated in kilometers(kms), miles and nautical miles. Distance in miles gives you the mileage between cities by this Tamil Nadu (India) mileage calculator." ], "url": [ "http://thirukadaiyur.org.in/thirukadaiyur_bangalore", "http://www.makemytrip.com/routeplanner/salem-thirukadaiyur.html", "http://www.makemytrip.com/routeplanner/salem-thirukadaiyur.html", "http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/India_Distance_Calculator.asp?state=25" ] }

[]

[ "$200 million" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bob Arum founder and CEO of Top Rank. American boxing promoter, Bob Arum has an estimated net worth of $200 million. He is the CEO of Top Rank, a Las Vegas based professional boxing promotion company. Bob Arum worked for the US Attorney’s Office for the southern district of New York in the tax division. ", "$200 Million. Bob Arum net worth: Bob Arum is a professional boxing promoter who has a net worth of $200 million dollars. Bob Arum was born in New York City, NY in December 1931. He is the founder and CEO of Top Rank. Arum is a graduate of Harvard Law School and worked for the United States Department of Justice. ", "Net Worth: $200 million. It has been estimated that Bob Arum net worth reaches 200 million dollars which makes him one of the richest millionaires in the world. A huge part of his net worth comes from his involvement into law, promoting and being involved in business which are the main sources of Bob Arum net worth. About Bob Arum. It has been estimated that Bob Arum net worth reaches 200 million dollars which makes him one of the richest millionaires in the world.", "According to celebritynetworth.com, here is a list I compiled of three of the top boxing promoters in Don King, Bob Arum and Oscar De La Hoya. According to the research I did at the website, Bob Arum has a net worth of $200 million dollars, while rival promoter Oscar De La Hoya is valued at 175 million. Don King has been ranked as high as 290 + in the past, is now valued by the site as having $150 million net worth. ", "American businessman, lawyer and boxing promoter Robert “Bob” Arum has an estimated net worth of $200 million. ", "Eddie Gonzalez is back at Bad Left Hook today with his take on 50 Cent entering the boxing fold, and why you shouldn't just dismiss his chances at becoming a major force in the sport. * * * * *. A quick Google search will tell you that Bob Arum's net worth is $200 million. Oscar de la Hoya clocks in at $175 million. Curtis Jackson, the new CEO of TMT Promotions, comes in at a reported $100 million net worth. ", "1 Rank#4 Bob Arum Net Worth$200 MillionBob Arum net worth: Bob Arum is a professional boxing promoter who has a net worth of $200 million dollars. 2 Bob Arum was born in New York CityView this Person. 1 Rank#1 Floyd Mayweather Net Worth$400 MillionFloyd Mayweather net worth: Floyd Mayweather is a world renowned American boxing champion who has a net worth of $400 million.", "Net Worth $ 200 Million. About Quotes Trivia. Born on: 8th Dec 31 Born in: United States Marital status: Married Occupation: Top Rank. Born Robert Bob Arum has an estimated net worth of $200 million. Arum, known as Bob Arum is the founder and CEO of Top Rank, a professional boxing promotion company based in Las Vegas. Arum has earned his net worth as founder and CEO of Top Rank as well as from his previous works including in the US Attorney's Office for the southern district of New York in the tax division and in the United States Department of Justice.", "$250 Million. George Foreman net worth: George Foreman is a retired American boxer and highly successful entrepreneur who has a net worth of. View this Person. 1 Rank#4 Bob Arum Net Worth$200 MillionBob Arum net worth: Bob Arum is a professional boxing promoter who has a net worth of $200 million dollars. Bob Arum was born in New York City. 1 Rank#1 Floyd Mayweather Net Worth$400 MillionFloyd Mayweather net worth: Floyd Mayweather is a world renowned American boxing champion who has a net worth of $400 million." ], "url": [ "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/celebrity-business/ceo/bob-arum-net-worth/", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/richest-boxers/bob-arum-net-worth/", "http://thenetworth.net/bob-arum-net-worth/", "http://www.doghouseboxing.com/Benz/Benz1212c11.htm", "http://www.richestlifestyle.com/networth/bob-arum-net-worth/", "http://www.badlefthook.com/2012/7/26/3189397/50-cent-floyd-mayweather-tmt-promotions-dont-laugh-off-the-rapper-boxing-news", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/list/top-50-richest-boxers/", "http://www.bornrich.com/bob-arum.html", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/list/top-50-richest-boxers/" ] }

[]

[ "It was a military campaign during the Vietnam War.", "It was a military campaign during the Vietnam War. It was started on 30 January 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnam against South Vietnam, the United States and their allies." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This massive North Vietnamese surprise attack during the 1968 Tet holiday was a crucial turning point in the war. 1 Contents. 2 Goals of the Tet Offensive. 3 Tet Offensive Begins. 4 The Battle of Hue. 5 Impact of the Tet Offensive. As the celebration of the lunar new year, Tet was the most important holiday on the Vietnamese calendar. In previous years, the holiday had been the occasion for an informal truce in South Vietnam’s long-running conflict with North Vietnam and their Communist southern allies, derisively known as Viet Cong.", "Tet Offensive. This massive North Vietnamese surprise attack during the 1968 Tet holiday was a crucial turning point in the war.", "Tet offensive. Tet offensive, 1968, a series of crucial battles in the Vietnam War. On Jan. 31, 1968, the first day of the celebration of the lunar new year, Vietnam's most important holiday, the Vietnamese Communists launched a major offensive throughout South Vietnam. 1 Tet offensive: meaning and definitions-Tet offensive: Definition and Pronunciation. 2 This Day in History: January 30 - January 30 Yesterday Tomorrow 1649 King Charles I of England was beheaded. 3 1933 Adolf Hitler was ...", "The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by the Vietcong (rebel forces sponsored by North Vietnam) and North Vietnamese forces, on scores of cities, towns, and hamlets throughout South Vietnam. The combined forces of the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese Regular Army (NVA), about 85,000 strong, launched a major offensive throughout South Vietnam. The attacks began on January 31, 1968, the first day of the Lunar New Year, Vietnam's most important holiday", "The fighting that made up the Tet Offensive lasted for several days in some South Vietnamese cities. This map shows the route taken by North Vietnamese troops. During the Buddhist holiday of Tet, over 80,000 Vietcong troops emerged from their tunnels and attacked nearly every major metropolitan center in South Vietnam. Surprise strikes were made at the American base at Danang, and even the seemingly impenetrable American embassy in Saigon was attacked. Following the Tet Offensive, General William Westmoreland called for an additional 200,000 troops to help break the resolve of the Vietcong. But President Lyndon B. Johnson's rejection of the proposal showed that America's commitment to the war in Vietnam was waning.", "In late January, 1968, during the lunar new year (or “Tet”) holiday, North Vietnamese and communist Viet Cong forces launched a coordinated attack against a number of targets in South Vietnam. The U.S. and South Vietnamese militaries sustained heavy losses before finally repelling the communist assault. ", "The Tet Offensive was a military campaign during the Vietnam War. It was started on 30 January 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnam against South Vietnam, the United States and their allies. The purpose of it was to surprise the enemy with attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers in South Vietnam.", "Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by the Vietcong (rebel forces sponsored by North Vietnam) and North Vietnamese forces, on scores of cities, towns, and hamlets throughout South Vietnam. It was considered to be a turning point in the Vietnam War. The combined forces of the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese Regular Army (NVA), about 85,000 strong, launched a major offensive throughout South Vietnam. The attacks began on January 31, 1968, the first day of the Lunar New Year, Vietnam's most important holiday", "The Tet Offensive-The Fighting: On January 21, 1968, an intense barrage of artillery hit the US Marine base at Khe Sanh in northwest South Vietnam. This presaged a siege and battle that would last for seventy-seven days and would see 6,000 Marines hold off 20,000 North Vietnamese. The Tet Offensive-Planning: In 1967, the North Vietnamese leadership vigorously debated how to move forward with the war. Having sustained heavy losses and with their economy suffering under the American bombing campaign, the decision was made to launch a large-scale offensive against US and South Vietnamese forces." ], "url": [ "http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/tet-offensive", "http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history/videos/tet-offensive", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/tet-offensive.html", "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1862.html", "http://www.ushistory.org/us/55c.asp", "https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/tet", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_Offensive", "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1862.html", "http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/vietnamwar/a/VietnamTet.htm" ] }

[]

[ "Solid liquid" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The definition of solubility is the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a specified temperature or pressure (in the case of gaseous solutes). In CHM1045 we discussed solubility as a yes or no quality.", "1 How Glucosamine Sulphate Heals the Body Glucosamine sulphate is a chemical that occurs naturally in the human body. 2 It is the fluid that surrounds the joints.", "With any other cation, you get salts-for example, sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) - which are mostly solids. It will take you a while to get familiar with all the possibilities, but for now, -ate or -ite indicating a salt and a solid will be the right answer most of the time. Logged. Pages: [ 1 ] Go Up.", "It is a solid that can be liquefied In order to retrieve it to the solid form you need to allow the liquid to evaporate. It will leave the solid form. It is salt when chlorine … is added, creating sodium chloride.", "Answers. Best Answer: It's usually found in an aqueous solution as it is an ion with a charge of (-2), although if it is combined with Strontium, Barium, Calcium, Silver, or Lead the compound becomes insoluble and stays a solid. Source(s): http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_Sulfate_a_solid_or_aqueous_solution#ixzz2fdj6VeQB.", "Sodium Chloride is not a gas solid. It is in crystalline form which when heated, becomes molten. It never evaporates to give Sodium Chloride gas i.e. NaCl." ], "url": [ "http://www.chem.fsu.edu/chemlab/chm1046course/solubility.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_sodium_sulphate_a_solid_liquid_or_gas", "http://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?topic=53745.0", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_sodium_sulphate_a_solid_liquid_or_gas", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130921140942AA7tOkz", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_sodium_sulphate_a_solid_liquid_or_gas" ] }

[]

[ "A figure of speech in which a word is used to modify or govern two or more words" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Zeugma and Syllepsis. Zeugma is sometimes differentiated from “Syllepsis”. Like zeugma, syllepsis also employs the technique of using a single verb for more than one part in a sentence but where that single verb applies grammatically and logically to only one.", "One such interesting thing that adds a flavor to English literature is a zeugma. Let's find out with some examples, what it is and how it spices up your sentences! Advertisement. Zeugma is a figure of speech, mainly a verb or an adjective, that applies for two or more nouns in a single sentence.", "Pickwick took his hat and his leave' is an example of zeugma. figure of speech, trope, image, figure-language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense. syllepsis-use of a word to govern two or more words though agreeing in number or case etc. with only one.", "Definition of ZEUGMA. : the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words usually in such a manner that it applies to each in a different sense or makes sense with only one (as in “opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy”). ADVERTISEMENT.", "zeugma. n. 1. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) a figure of speech in which a word is used to modify or govern two or more words although appropriate to only one of them or making a different sense with each, as in the sentence Mr. Pickwick took his hat and his leave (Charles Dickens).", "Zeugma Definition. Zeugma, from Greek “yoking” or “bonding”, is a figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas.", "Zeugma. Zeugma is a figure of speech in which one verb or adjective is used for two or more nouns. This is often done effectively and can lend to the rhythm and cadence of the writing. Examples of Zeugma: 1. I have lost my keys and my mind. 2." ], "url": [ "http://literarydevices.net/zeugma/", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/examples-of-zeugma-in-literature.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/zeugma", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/zeugma", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/zeugma", "http://literarydevices.net/zeugma/", "http://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/zeugma_examples/192/" ] }

[]

[ "Is a computer network configuration where the devices are connected to each other in a circular shape." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "A network topology is the pattern in which nodes (i.e., computers, printers, routers or other devices) are connected to a local area network (LAN) or other network via links (e.g., twisted pair copper wire cable or optical fiber cable).", "A network topology in which two concentric rings connect each node on a network instead of one network ring that is used in a ring topology. Typically, the secondary ring in a dual-ring topology is redundant. It is used as a backup in case the primary ring fails.", "ring-topology. Noun. (plural ring topologies). ( 1 computing) A network topology in which, in the physical case, every node of a network is connected to exactly two other nodes: one node designated as upstream and the other as downstream. 2 A given node receives data from its upstream node and sends data to its downstream node.", "ring-topology-Computer Definition. A network structure in which the nodes are laid out in a physical ring, or closed loop, configuration, as illustrated in Figure R-2. Information travels around the ring in only one direction, with each attached station or node serving as a repeater.", "Ring topology. Alternatively referred to as a ring network, ring topology is a computer network configuration where the devices are connected to each other in a circular shape. Each packet is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination." ], "url": [ "http://www.linfo.org/network_topology.html", "http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/dual_ring_topology.html", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/ring-topology", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/ring-topology", "http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ringtopo.htm" ] }

[]

[ "1 week" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Peeled hard boiled eggs can be stored in the refrigerator in a bowl of cold water to cover for about 1 week (change the water daily). SAFETY NOTE: It is not safe to leave hard boiled eggs (including those in their shells) out at room temperature for long (and especially in hot water).", "Hard-cooked eggs in the shell can be refrigerated up to one (1) week. Peeled hard-boiled eggs can be stored in the refrigerator in a bowl of cold water to cover for about 1 week (change the water daily) - or in a sealed container without water (cover the eggs with damp paper towels) for the same length of time.", "Raw eggs keep a lot longer. Interestingly, hard-boiled eggs do not keep nearly as long as raw eggs, which can last three to five weeks in the refrigerator. There is a good reason for this. When a hen lays an egg, it puts a naturally protective coating on the outside of the shell.", "Header image: CHOW. Hard-boiled eggs last about a week if they are kept in their shells, and should be refrigerated within two hours of cooking, says the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service.", "Hard boiled eggs last about 7 days, but can spoil quickly if not handled properly. Hard boiled eggs are fresh whole eggs that have been boiled for 10 minutes. Chicken eggs are the most common choice for this process.", "Hard-boiled eggs are best if used within a week. Do not freeze them. Even with its natural (but easily cracked) calcium-carbonate container, a hard-cooked egg is a perishable food, so it shouldn't be kept at room temperature for more than two hours. If kept in an unbroken shell and in the refrigerator about a week.", "Hard-boiled eggs, peeled or unpeeled, are still safe to eat up to one week after they were cooked. Keep them stored in the refrigerator, and you should consider writing the boiling date on each egg to know if they're still good!", "Interestingly, hard-boiled eggs do not keep nearly as long as raw eggs, which can last three to five weeks in the refrigerator. There is a good reason for this. When a hen lays an egg, it puts a naturally protective coating on the outside of the shell." ], "url": [ "http://whatscookingamerica.net/Q-A/eggs2.htm", "http://whatscookingamerica.net/Q-A/eggs2.htm", "http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2013/03/how_long_can_you_keep_hard-boi.html", "http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/55003/how-long-do-hard-boiled-eggs-last/", "http://www.eatbydate.com/hard-boiled-eggs-shelf-life-expiration-date/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_a_hard-boiled_egg_stay_fresh_in_the_refrigerator", "http://www.thekitchn.com/the-shelf-life-of-hard-boiled-eggs-kitchen-facts-217747", "http://www.netwellness.org/healthtopics/poison/hardboiledeggs.cfm" ] }

[]

[ "A term that is used to identify situations in which some type of substance or medication triggers an unusually strong and adverse reaction from the immune system." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "delayed hypersensitivity (DH) (delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)) the type of hypersensitivity exemplified by the tuberculin reaction, which (as opposed to immediate hypersensitivity) takes 12 to 48 hours to develop and which can be transferred by lymphocytes but not by serum.", "You won't believe these 10 facts about people. Hypersensitivity is a term that is used to identify situations in which some type of substance or medication triggers an unusually strong and adverse reaction from the immune system. In some instances, hypersensitivity reactions can be extremely uncomfortable, cause permanent damage, or even result in death.", "Type I Hypersensitivity. Type I hypersensitivity is also known as immediate or anaphylactic hypersensitivity. The reaction may involve skin (urticaria and eczema), eyes (conjunctivitis), nasopharynx (rhinorrhea, rhinitis), bronchopulmonary tissues (asthma) and gastrointestinal tract (gastroenteritis).", "Definition of Hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity refers to having an extreme sensitivity to stimulation of the senses, i.e., touch, sight, hearing, taste, and smell. Children who are hypersensitive may complain about sensory stimuli that seem minor to others.", "Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (noo-mo-NI-tis), or HP, is a disease in which the lungs become inflamed from breathing in foreign substances, such as molds, dusts, and chemicals. These substances also are known as antigens (AN-tih-jens). People are exposed to antigens at home, while at work, and in other settings.", "contact hypersensitivity a type IV hypersensitivity produced by contact of the skin with a chemical substance having the properties of an antigen or hapten." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypersensitivity", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-hypersensitivity.htm", "http://www.microbiologybook.org/ghaffar/hyper00.htm", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-hypersensitivity-in-children-definition-causes-types.html", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hp/", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypersensitivity" ] }

[]

[ "It describes the interface or interfaces between subsystems or to a system or subsystem." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An ICD may describe: 1 The inputs and outputs of a single system, e.g. 2 The Wikipedia Interface Control Document.. 3 The interface between two systems or subsystems, e.g. 4 The Doghouse to Outhouse Interface Control Document.. An application programming interface is a form of ICD for a software system, in that it describes how to access the functions and services provided by a system via an interface. If a system producer wants others to be able to use the system, an ICD (or equivalent) is a worthwhile investment.", "(Redirected from Interface Control Document). An interface control drawing or interface control document (ICD) in systems engineering and software engineering, describes the interface or interfaces between subsystems or to a system or subsystem. An application programming interface is a form of ICD for a software system, in that it describes how to access the functions and services provided by a system via an interface. If a system producer wants others to be able to use the system, an ICD (or equivalent) is a worthwhile investment.", "Note to the Author. [This document is a template of a Interface Control document for a project. The template includes instructions to the author, boilerplate text, and fields that should be replaced with the values specific to the project. ", "Interface control documents are a key element of systems engineering as they define and control the interface(s) of a system, and thereby bound its requirements. Use this template to: Describe the interface(s) to a system or subsystem. Describe the inputs and outputs of a single system, the interface between two systems, the interface protocol from the lowest physical elements to the highest logical levels.", "Top 10 amazing movie makeup transformations. An interface control document (ICD) is a formalized description of the methods and structures involved in providing input for and receiving output from a specific system. The system that is described by the interface control document can be a software library or a piece of hardware. An interface control document generally describes how to integrate the system into a larger system or to connect it to a parallel system; it does not describe any of the internal workings of the system, which might be spelled out in a separate type of document.", "An Interface Control Document (ICD) describes the relationship between system components in terms of data items and messages passed, protocols observed and timing and sequencing of events. Use this template to: Describe the interface(s) to a system or subsystem. Describe the inputs and outputs of a single system, the interface between two systems, the interface protocol from the lowest physical elements to the highest logical levels.", "Interface Control Document (ICD) is a document that describes the interface(s) to a system or subsystem. last edited by: Dave Garrett on Mar 24, 2007 12:14 PM. login/register to edit this page. Interface Control Document (ICD) is a document that describes the interface(s) to a system or subsystem. It may describe the inputs and outputs of a single system or the interface between two systems or subsystems.", "- Morris West. An Interface Control Document (ICD) describes the interworking of two elements of a system that share a common interface. For example, a communications interface is described in terms of data items and messages passed, protocols observed and timing and sequencing of events. An ICD may also describe the interaction between a user and the system, a software component and a hardware device or two software components. This class of document is typically used where complex interfaces exist between components that are being developed by different teams" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Control_Document", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Control_Document", "http://www2.cdc.gov/cdcup/library/templates/CDC_UP_Interface_Control_Template.doc", "http://www.mysoftwaretemplates.com/software-development-ms-word-templates/interface-control-document-2/299/", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-interface-control-document.htm", "http://www.mysoftwaretemplates.com/software-development-ms-word-templates/interface-control-document-2/299/", "http://www.projectmanagement.com/wikis/235680/Interface-Control-Document--ICD-", "http://www.chambers.com.au/glossary/interface_control_document.php" ] }

[]

[ "$9,254" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average cost to remodel a bathroom in Dallas is approximately $7,300 to $10,000. by Beyond Designs and Remodeling, Inc. , a Bathroom Remodeling Contractor in Brooklyn, NY. For most homeowners in Brooklyn, the average cost for a bathroom remodel is approximately $9,800 to $13,000. On the other end of the spectrum, you could spend $13,000 to more than $20,000 turning your master bathroom into an oasis. Most homeowners spend between $5,644 and $12,913. Bathroom remodels provide some of the highest resale returns as a home improvement project.", "I don't recall the exact cost of the bathroom, as it was part of a larger remodel (kitchen, master bedroom hard floor patching plus closet addition, and a few other things), but I would estimate around $25,000 to $30,000 for the bathroom (in the LA area). We gutted a 1980's pink, floral and chintsy bathroom for one that father and son could share. We wanted it to be nice, but still within a very modest budget. Total remodel cost was around $14,000. The fall in love vanity/sink was $3,000 and totally worth the splurge.", "On average, a bathroom remodeling job will cost you around twice as much as the materials cost you. For a small bathroom of roughly 100 square feet, labor costs could run an average of $12,000 or $13,000 on the high end. This would include the labor to completely redo tile, completely install new fixtures, complete any necessary wiring and plumbing, and have everything inspected afterward.", "The bathroom shown here, done by Case Remodeling for $30,000 to $35,000, is an example of a midrange bathroom remodel. It features porcelain tile, a his-and-her semicustom vanity, granite countertops and brushed-nickel plumbing fixtures. We gutted a 1980's pink, floral and chintsy bathroom for one that father and son could share. We wanted it to be nice, but still within a very modest budget. Total remodel cost was around $14,000. The fall in love vanity/sink was $3,000 and totally worth the splurge.", "Homeowners have many options when it comes to bathroom remodels and the total cost depends on style and budget. The average bathroom remodel costs $9,254, but you can spend less-between $3,500 and $7,000 - to fix up the essentials in a small-to medium-sized bathroom. On the other end of the spectrum, you could spend $13,000 to more than $20,000 turning your master bathroom into an oasis. Most homeowners spend between $5,644 and $12,913. Bathroom remodels provide some of the highest resale returns as a home improvement project.", "Otherwise, you’re going to end up with added costs later, or a bathroom that you’re really not happy with. As you set your budget for a bathroom remodel, keep in mind that you should spend 5 to 10 percent of your home’s value on a bathroom remodeling project. If you have a $200,000 house, this means you should plan to spend $10,000 to $20,000 on your bathroom. Spending $75,000 to remodel a bath in such a high-value home would still be appropriate, however, since larger homes generally have larger bathrooms where luxury fittings are more, well, fitting. For homes that are valued at less than $100,000, you should spend about $10,000 for a quality bathroom remodel.", "The materials for the average small bathroom remodel will cost between $8,000 and $10,000. This includes new fixtures like a new toilet, new sink, and a new bathtub. It also includes the cost of new tiling, new cupboards, and a countertop for the sink. For a small bathroom of roughly 100 square feet, labor costs could run an average of $12,000 or $13,000 on the high end. This would include the labor to completely redo tile, completely install new fixtures, complete any necessary wiring and plumbing, and have everything inspected afterward.", "And the average cost of a bathroom remodel in New York City is roughly $9,500 to $13,000. Once you have ideas for your renovation planned out, the next step is to find bath remodel accessories in your price range. On the other end of the spectrum, you could spend $13,000 to more than $20,000 turning your master bathroom into an oasis. Most homeowners spend between $5,644 and $12,913. Bathroom remodels provide some of the highest resale returns as a home improvement project.", "And once you know what costs what, you can figure out which corners — or countertops — to cut. According to Remodeling magazine's 2005 Cost vs. Value Report, a mid-range bathroom remodel is approximately $10,499, higher or lower depending on where you live (and how you define mid-range). Redoing your bathroom will cost you less in the South and more in the West and Northeast. The report also estimates that such a job will recoup 102 percent of its cost at resale. So at least you know you're not flushing money down the toilet. An upscale bathroom remodel is estimated to cost $26,052 — a hefty jump in price — and to recoup about 93 percent of that on resale.", "Typical Hourly Rate = $50-$75 per hour. When you are remodeling a small bathroom, you need to make sure that your costs are always in the forefront of your mind. Using this guide, you will be able to develop a reasonably accurate estimate of how much a small bathroom remodel costs. For a small bathroom of roughly 100 square feet, labor costs could run an average of $12,000 or $13,000 on the high end. This would include the labor to completely redo tile, completely install new fixtures, complete any necessary wiring and plumbing, and have everything inspected afterward." ], "url": [ "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/bathrooms/remodel-a-bathroom/", "http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/23875885/list/bathroom-workbook-how-much-does-a-bathroom-remodel-cost", "http://www.bathroomremodel.com/small-bathroom-remodeling/cost/", "http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/23875885/list/bathroom-workbook-how-much-does-a-bathroom-remodel-cost", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/bathrooms/remodel-a-bathroom/", "http://www.nkba.org/Learn/Homeowners/Tips/Remodeling/RealWorldBudgetingForBathroomRemodeling.aspx", "http://www.bathroomremodel.com/small-bathroom-remodeling/cost/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/bathrooms/remodel-a-bathroom/", "http://www.hgtv.com/design/rooms/bathrooms/budgeting-your-bathroom-renovation", "http://www.bathroomremodel.com/small-bathroom-remodeling/cost/" ] }

[]

[ "Milk and bacteria." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Ingredients: 5 medium peaches, peeled and diced. 1/2 cup vanilla sugar. 1 1/2 cups reduced-fat (2 percent) Greek yogurt. 1/2 cup low-fat plain yogurt. Peaches. It’s the height of peach season so take advantage of it while you can. You can also use frozen peaches or other seasonal fruit. To peel fresh peaches, cut a small, shallow “x” mark onto the bottom of each piece of fruit. Drop peaches into a pot of boiling water for 30 seconds", "Cornell University's Department of Food Science notes that milk is yogurt's main ingredient. Full-fat, low-fat and non-fat yogurt are made with whole milk, low-fat milk and skim milk respectively. Cornell explains that other dairy products are sometimes used in yogurt, such as cream to adjust fat content and non-fat dry milk to alter solidity. Some companies, such as Whole Soy Company, use soy milk in place of cow's milk in their yogurt. In these cases, water and ground soybeans are combined to form soy milk.", "Sweeteners. Sugar and high fructose corn syrup are the ingredients that sweeten Yoplait yogurt. High fructose corn syrup acts as both a sweetener and a preservative. It is derived from cornstarch, and is used in processed food because it is cheaper and has a longer shelf life than regular sugar. Except for the coffee and vanilla flavors, fruit is another main ingredient in Yoplait yogurt. Examples of fruit ingredients that may be added, depending on the flavor, are strawberries, blueberries, banana puree, cherries or boysenberries.", "Yogurt. Yogurt, like most dairy products now, contains a various amounts of fat. There is non-fat (0% fat), low-fat (usually 2% fat) and plain or whole milk yogurt (4% fat). Yogurt is made by fermenting a milk with bacteria (a lactobacillus and a streptococcus species). These bacteria are happy to oblige in helping make the yogurt and are not dangerous to humans – in fact, it can aid with digestion. 4 ounces non-fat yogurt = 63 calories, 0g fat, 0g sat fat, 0g mono fat, 6g protein, 9g carbohydrates, 86mg sodium, 2mg cholesterol.", "The main ingredient in Yoplait yogurt is cultured pasteurized grade-A low-fat milk. Cultured milk is also known as fermented milk, which is milk that has been fermented with lactic acid bacteria. In this milk, the bacteria converted sugar into lactic acid. Except for the coffee and vanilla flavors, fruit is another main ingredient in Yoplait yogurt. Examples of fruit ingredients that may be added, depending on the flavor, are strawberries, blueberries, banana puree, cherries or boysenberries.", "Flavor. Citric acid and natural flavors are ingredients of Yoplait yogurt, which add flavor to the yogurt. Citric acid is a weak acid commonly used as a food additive to give food a tangy flavor. Natural flavors may come from a natural source or may be chemically derived. Except for the coffee and vanilla flavors, fruit is another main ingredient in Yoplait yogurt. Examples of fruit ingredients that may be added, depending on the flavor, are strawberries, blueberries, banana puree, cherries or boysenberries.", "The main ingredient in yogurt is milk. The type of milk used depends on the type of yogurt – whole milk for full fat yogurt, lowfat milk for lowfat yogurt, and skim milk for nonfat yogurt. Other dairy ingredients are allowed in yogurt to adjust the composition, such as cream to adjust the fat content, and nonfat dry milk to adjust the solids content. The solids content of yogurt is often adjusted above the 8.25% minimum to provide a better body and texture to the finished yogurt. The CFR contains a list of the permissible dairy ingredients for yogurt. Stabilizers may also be used in yogurt to improve the body and texture by increasing firmness, preventing separation of the whey (syneresis), and helping to keep the fruit uniformly mixed in the yogurt.", "Ingredients. Yogurt, like most dairy products now, contains a various amounts of fat. There is non-fat (0% fat), low-fat (usually 2% fat) and plain or whole milk yogurt (4% fat). Yogurt is made by fermenting a milk with bacteria (a lactobacillus and a streptococcus species). These bacteria are happy to oblige in helping make the yogurt and are not dangerous to humans – in fact, it can aid with digestion. 4 ounces non-fat yogurt = 63 calories, 0g fat, 0g sat fat, 0g mono fat, 6g protein, 9g carbohydrates, 86mg sodium, 2mg cholesterol.", "The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as yogurt cultures. Fermentation of lactose by these bacteria produces lactic acid, which acts on milk protein to give yogurt its texture and characteristic tang. Worldwide, cow 's milk, the protein of which is mainly casein, is most commonly used to make yogurt. Milk from water buffalo, goats, ewes, mares, camels, and yaks, however, is also used to produce yogurt in various parts of the world." ], "url": [ "http://blog.foodnetwork.com/healthyeats/2010/08/10/5-ingredients-or-less-frozen-yogurt/", "http://www.ehow.com/list_6017674_ingredients-yogurt.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/281719-what-are-the-ingredients-in-yoplait-yogurt/", "http://www.drgourmet.com/ingredients/yogurt.shtml", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/281719-what-are-the-ingredients-in-yoplait-yogurt/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/281719-what-are-the-ingredients-in-yoplait-yogurt/", "http://www.milkfacts.info/Milk%20Processing/Yogurt%20Production.htm", "http://www.drgourmet.com/ingredients/yogurt.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt" ] }

[]

[ "BRAF is a human gene that makes a protein called B-Raf. The gene is also referred to as proto-oncogene B-Raf." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "BRAF gene mutation testing has emerged as an important tool for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and predicting patient outcome in response to targeted therapy for multiple cancer types. The BRAF gene mutation test result is positive (ie, a mutation is present) if V600E is found in the BRAF gene. V600E is the most common gene mutation for the BRAF gene and is the most common mutation tested for in clinical laboratories.", "The V600E mutation (described above) is the most common BRAF gene mutation found in human cancers. This mutation has frequently been found in an aggressive form of skin cancer called melanoma as well as in cancers of the colon and rectum, ovary, and thyroid gland. The known BRAF gene changes that cause multiple lentigines syndrome are believed to abnormally activate the BRAF protein, which disrupts the regulation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway that controls cell functions such as growth and division.", "Entrez Gene Summary for BRAF Gene. This gene encodes a protein belonging to the raf/mil family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This protein plays a role in regulating the MAP kinase/ERKs signaling pathway, which affects cell division, differentiation, and secretion. Diseases associated with BRAF include noonan syndrome 7 and leopard syndrome 3. Among its related pathways are Signaling by FGFR and Signaling by FGFR. GO annotations related to this gene include calcium ion binding and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is MAP3K9.", "BRAF is a human gene that makes a protein called B-Raf. The gene is also referred to as proto-oncogene B-Raf and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, while the protein is more formally known as serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf. The V600E mutation of the BRAF gene has been associated with hairy cell leukemia in numerous studies and has been suggested for use in screening for Lynch syndrome to reduce the number of patients undergoing unnecessary MLH1 sequencing.", "The V600E mutation (described above) in the BRAF gene has also been found to cause giant congenital melanocytic nevus. This condition is characterized by a large, noncancerous patch of abnormally dark skin that is present from birth and an increased risk of a type of skin cell cancer called melanoma. The known BRAF gene changes that cause multiple lentigines syndrome are believed to abnormally activate the BRAF protein, which disrupts the regulation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway that controls cell functions such as growth and division.", "BRAF. A gene on chromsome 7q34 that encodes a protein of the raf/mil family of serine/threonine protein kinases, which plays a role in regulating the MAP kinase/ERKs-signalling pathway, affecting cell division, differentiation and secretion. Molecular pathology. Acquired BRAF mutations have been linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer, melanoma, thyroid carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung.", "Certain other inherited BRAF mutations cause birth defects. Drugs that treat cancers driven by BRAF mutations have been developed. Two of these drugs, vemurafenib and dabrafenib are approved by FDA for treatment of late-stage melanoma. Vemurafenib was the first drug to come out of fragment-based drug discovery. The V600E mutation of the BRAF gene has been associated with hairy cell leukemia in numerous studies and has been suggested for use in screening for Lynch syndrome to reduce the number of patients undergoing unnecessary MLH1 sequencing.", "BRAF gene mutation testing has emerged as an important tool for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and predicting patient outcome in response to targeted therapy. The BRAF gene mutation test result is positive (ie, a mutation is present) if V600E is found in the BRAF gene. V600E is the most common gene mutation for the BRAF gene and is the most common mutation tested for in clinical laboratories.", "The BRAF gene mutation that causes this condition is somatic, meaning that it occurs during a person's lifetime and is present only in certain cells. The mutation affects a single amino acid in the BRAF protein. The known BRAF gene changes that cause multiple lentigines syndrome are believed to abnormally activate the BRAF protein, which disrupts the regulation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway that controls cell functions such as growth and division.", "The BRAF gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps transmit chemical signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. This protein is part of a signaling pathway known as the RAS/MAPK pathway, which controls several important cell functions. The known BRAF gene changes that cause multiple lentigines syndrome are believed to abnormally activate the BRAF protein, which disrupts the regulation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway that controls cell functions such as growth and division." ], "url": [ "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2045309-overview", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/BRAF", "http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=BRAF", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRAF_(gene)", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/BRAF", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/BRAF", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRAF_(gene)", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2045309-overview", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/BRAF", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/BRAF" ] }

[]

[ "It is a prescription medication that has been licensed to treat several conditions that cause pain, fever, inflammation, swelling, or stiffness.", "Indomethacin (Indocin) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), used to treat inflammation from gout, and other conditions, such as arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendonitis, or bursitis.", "Indomethacin is a prescription drug used to treat moderate to severe pain, swelling, and stiffness from arthritis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Indocin ® (indomethacin) is a prescription medication that has been licensed to treat several conditions that cause pain, fever, inflammation, swelling, or stiffness. These specific Indocin uses include the relief of: 1 Osteoarthritis symptoms. 2 Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. 3 Symptoms with ankylosing spondylitis. Indocin and other NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are thought to work by inhibiting the action of certain hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. These hormones are called prostaglandins.", "Indomethacin is in a group of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Indomethacin works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. Indomethacin is used to treat pain or inflammation caused by many conditions such as arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, bursitis, or tendinitis. Indomethacin may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. ", "Indomethacin is a prescription drug used to treat moderate to severe pain, swelling, and stiffness from arthritis. Indomethacin belongs to a class of drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs treat swelling, pain, and fever by blocking the production of substances in the body called prostaglandins, which regulate inflammation and other bodily processes. 1 Taking indomethacin may trigger high blood pressure or make it worse, and high blood pressure is a risk factor for stroke and heart attack. 2 Indomethacin and other NSAIDs may cause ulcers, perforations, and sudden bleeding in your stomach or intestine (known as gastrointestinal, or GI, bleeding).", "A: Indomethacin (Indocin) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), used to treat inflammation from gout, and other conditions, such as arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendonitis, or bursitis. Indomethacin does not lower uric acid levels in the body. 1 Taking indomethacin may trigger high blood pressure or make it worse, and high blood pressure is a risk factor for stroke and heart attack. 2 Indomethacin and other NSAIDs may cause ulcers, perforations, and sudden bleeding in your stomach or intestine (known as gastrointestinal, or GI, bleeding).", "Uses of This Medicine. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate acute pain and relieve symptoms of arthritis (osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) or gout, such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain. When Not To Use. This medicine is not right for everyone. Do not use it if you had an allergic reaction (including asthma) to indomethacin, aspirin, or other NSAIDs. Do not use this medicine right before or right after having a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), a type of heart surgery.", "Doctors may also use indomethacin to treat bursitis (shoulder joint inflammation), gout, or gouty arthritis, (a form of arthritis caused by crystals of uric acid building up inside joints), and inflammation of tendons (tissue that attaches muscles to bones). 1 Taking indomethacin may trigger high blood pressure or make it worse, and high blood pressure is a risk factor for stroke and heart attack. 2 Indomethacin and other NSAIDs may cause ulcers, perforations, and sudden bleeding in your stomach or intestine (known as gastrointestinal, or GI, bleeding).", "Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate acute pain and relieve symptoms of arthritis (osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) or gout, such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain. Indomethacin is also used to treat ankylosing spondylitis, which is a type of arthritis that affects the joints in the spine. This medicine may also be used to treat painful shoulder caused by bursitis or tendinitis. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Indometacin (INN and BAN) or indomethacin (AAN, USAN and former BAN) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as a prescription medication to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, molecules known to cause these symptoms. Clinical indications for indometacin include: 1 Hemicrania continua. 2 ankylosing spondylitis. 3 arthritic gout. 4 Bartter syndrome. 5 bursitis. 6 cryoglobulinemia. 7 dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps). 8 exertion headache. 9 fever and pain associated with malignant diseases (especially tumor fever associated with liver involvement, lymphogranulomatosis)." ], "url": [ "http://pain.emedtv.com/indocin/what-is-indocin-used-for.html", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/drug-indomethacin/article_em.htm", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/indomethacin", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/indomethacin", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0010703/?report=details", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/indomethacin", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/indomethacin-oral-route/description/DRG-20069700", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indometacin" ] }

[]

[ "Both" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Uses. Sulfur is used in the vulcanisation of black rubber, as a fungicide and in black gunpowder. Most sulfur is, however, used in the production of sulfuric acid, which is perhaps the most important chemical manufactured by western civilisations. The most important of sulfuric acid’s many uses is in the manufacture of phosphoric acid, to make phosphates for fertiliser", "Chemical reference number (CAS). Sulfur dioxide, SO 2, is a colorless gas or liquid with a strong, choking odor. It is produced from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) and the smelting of mineral ores (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead and iron) that contain sulfur. Sulfur dioxide dissolves easily in water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a major component of acid rain", "Most of the sulfur that is produced is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). Large amounts of sulfuric acid, nearly 40 million tons, are used each year to make fertilizers, lead-acid batteries, and in many industrial processes. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a gas that smells like rotten eggs. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2), formed by burning sulfur in air, is used as a bleaching agent, solvent, disinfectant and as a refrigerant.", "Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide) is the chemical compound with the formula SO 2. At standard atmosphere, it is a toxic gas with a pungent, irritating, and rotten smell. The triple point is 197.69 K and 1.67 kPa. It is released naturally by volcanic activity. Sulfur dioxide is an intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid, being converted to sulfur trioxide, and then to oleum, which is made into sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide for this purpose is made when sulfur combines with oxygen.", "Sulfur: the essentials. Sulphur (sulfur) is a pale yellow, odourless, brittle solid, which is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulphide. Sulphur is essential to life. It is a minor constituent of fats, body fluids, and skeletal minerals. The spelling of sulphur is sulfur in the USA while sulphur is common elsewhere. IUPAC has does not have jurisdiction over language but has decided sulfur is preferred. Sulphur is found in meteorites, volcanoes, hot springs, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite", "Elemental sulfur occurs naturally as the element (native sulfur), but most commonly occurs in combined forms as sulfide and sulfate minerals. Being abundant in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times, being mentioned for its uses in ancient India, ancient Greece, China, and Egypt. Other uses for the element are in matches, insecticides and fungicides. Many sulfur compounds are odoriferous, and the smell of odorized natural gas, skunk scent, grapefruit, and garlic is due to organosulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfide imparts the characteristic odor to rotting eggs and other biological processes.", "Sulfur is an essential element for all life, but almost always in the form of organosulfur compounds or metal sulfides. Three amino acids (cysteine, cystine, and methionine) and two vitamins (biotin and thiamine) are organosulfur compounds. Other uses for the element are in matches, insecticides and fungicides. Many sulfur compounds are odoriferous, and the smell of odorized natural gas, skunk scent, grapefruit, and garlic is due to organosulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfide imparts the characteristic odor to rotting eggs and other biological processes.", "Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S 8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. Other uses for the element are in matches, insecticides and fungicides. Many sulfur compounds are odoriferous, and the smell of odorized natural gas, skunk scent, grapefruit, and garlic is due to organosulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfide imparts the characteristic odor to rotting eggs and other biological processes." ], "url": [ "http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/16/sulfur", "https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/chemical/sulfurdioxide.htm", "http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele016.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide", "http://www.webelements.com/sulfur/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur" ] }

[]

[ "Neurons (n) are the ones that generate and conduct nerve impulses.Supporting cells do not conduct nerve impulses, but they perform many other functions for the nerve tissue.", "Neurons (n) are the ones that generate and conduct nerve impulses.Supporting cells do not conduct nerve impulses, but they perform many other functions for the nerve tissue." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Nervous tissue 40X Motor Neuron smear. There are many different kinds of cells in the nervous system, but they can be organized into two major categories: neurons and supporting cells. Neurons (n) are the ones that generate and conduct nerve impulses. Supporting cells do not conduct nerve impulses, but they perform many other functions for the nerve tissue. The images on this page were made from a slide called a motor neuron smear. Motor neurons are large and easy to see, so they are usually used as examples.", "There are CNS (central nervous system) support cells and there are PNS (peripheral nervous system) support cells CNS 1. Microglia-phagocytes 2.Oligodendrocytes-produce myelin sheath 3. Ependymal cells-move CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) 4. Astrocytes-Blood/Brain barrier PNS 1. Satellite cells-Protect neuron cell bodies 2. ", "Each neuron (n) has extensions called processes (axons and dendrites) that allow it to communicate with other neurons. The pink lines that are attached to these neurons are their processes. About 90% of the cells in the central nervous system--brain and spinal cord--are supporting cells (sc). Supporting cells do not conduct nerve impulses, but they perform many other functions for the nerve tissue. The images on this page were made from a slide called a motor neuron smear. Motor neurons are large and easy to see, so they are usually used as examples.", "In the central nervous system, there are four types of supporting cells. 1. Oligodendrocytes. The axons of many neurons are insulated by a myelin sheath, which increases the rate at which an axon can conduct an action potential. This diagram shows a schematic arrangement of neurons and the four types of supporting cell in the central nervous system. All of these cells are found in the grey matter of the spinal cord.", "All other neurons are interneurons. They interconnect neurons with other neurons. Nearly all the nerve cells in the central nervous system are interneurons. Their axons arise in one region of the CNS where the cell body resides and end somewhere else (sometimes several other places). Nerve cells with the most extremely long, large diameter axons -- such as pyramidal cells of motor cortex and motor neurons of spinal cord -- are often illustrated as typical neurons simply because they are big and hence especially easy to visualize.", "1 These cells receive signals from and send signals to other nerve cells. 2 Interneurons serve to process information in many different ways and constitute the bulk of the human nervous system. 3 Effectors or motor neurons are the third class of neurons. 1 Dendrites are specialized extensions of the cell body. 2 They function to obtain information from other cells and carry that information to the cell body. 3 Many neurons also have an axon, which carries information from the soma to other cells, but many small cells do not.", "Neurons & the Nervous System. The human nervous system consists of billions of nerve cells (or neurons)plus supporting (neuroglial) cells. Neurons are able to respond to stimuli (such as touch, sound, light, and so on), conduct impulses, and communicate with each other (and with other types of cells like muscle cells). ", "The brain is made up of more than just nerve cells (neurons). Although there are about 100 billion neurons in the brain, there may be about 10 to 50 times that many glial cells in the brain. 1 Neurons CAN generate action potentials...glial cells CANNOT. 2 However, glial cells do have a resting potential. 3 Neurons HAVE synapses that use neurotransmitters...glial cells do NOT have chemical synapses. 4 There are many MORE (10-50 times more) glial cells in the brain compared to the number of neurons.", "Types of Neurons (Nerve Cells). The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry messages through an electrochemical process. The human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons. To learn how neurons carry messages, read about the action potential.", "There are a few ways in which glia cells are different from neurons: 1 Neurons have TWO processes called axons and dendrites....glial cells have only ONE. 2 Neurons CAN generate action potentials...glial cells CANNOT. 3 However, glial cells do have a resting potential. 1 Neurons CAN generate action potentials...glial cells CANNOT. 2 However, glial cells do have a resting potential. 3 Neurons HAVE synapses that use neurotransmitters...glial cells do NOT have chemical synapses. 4 There are many MORE (10-50 times more) glial cells in the brain compared to the number of neurons." ], "url": [ "http://www.austincc.edu/histologyhelp/tissues/tx_nerv_tis.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20140311063612AA3iVv1", "http://www.austincc.edu/histologyhelp/tissues/tx_nerv_tis.html", "http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/tissue_types/nerves/Nerve_support_cell.php", "http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/ssb/neuron.htm", "http://www.albany.edu/faculty/cafrye/apsy601/Ch.02cellsofthenervoussystem.html", "http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes2.htm", "https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/glia.html", "http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cells.html", "https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/glia.html" ] }

[]

[ "Controls the diameter of the blood vessel, and it plays an important role in blood pressure." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The smooth muscle, which is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, controls the diameter of the blood vessel, and it plays an important role in blood pressure.", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. The smooth muscle, which is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, controls the diameter of the blood vessel, and it plays an important role in blood pressure.", "Smooth muscle cells are an important component of blood vessel walls, but surprisingly, they are organ-specific: for instance, smooth muscle cells in brain arteries differ from those in the coronary arteries.", "Report Abuse. Smooth muscle in the blood vessel prevents the blood from going out of the vessels themselves. It also helps on the temperature regulation. It constricts / dilates depending on the temperature to help our body to remain its normal temperature.", "Best Answer: The increased thickness of the tunica media in a thick-walled vessel comes from an increase in the amount of smooth muscle. I'm sure you think of smooth muscle mainly as a tissue useful for contraction... like in vasoconstriction. However, smooth muscle in the walls of vessels can also be thought of differently. Since smooth muscle contains contractile elements that hold its cells at a certain length, when it is not doing an active contraction and shortening, it tends to maintain its length.", "The walls of arteries and veins are composed of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix (including collagen and elastin). These are arranged into three concentric layers: intima, media and adventitia. The intima is the inner layer abutting the vessel lumen." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What%27s_the_function_of_the_smooth_muscle_in_blood_vessels", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_role_of_smooth_muscle_in_blood_vessels_walls", "http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-12-smooth-muscle-cells-mimic-blood.html", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120922032418AAwyAFF", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120922032418AAwyAFF", "http://radiopaedia.org/articles/histology-of-blood-vessels" ] }

[]

[ "Helichrysum is a natural medicinal plant that’s used to make a beneficial essential oil that boasts many different full-body benefits due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Helichrysum is a member of the Asteraceae plant family and is native to the Mediterranean region, where it’s been used for its medicinal properties for thousands of years, especially in countries like Italy, Spain, Turkey, Portugal, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. (2). Modern science now confirms what traditional populations have known for centuries: Helichrysum essential oil contains special properties that make it an antioxidant, an antibacterial, an antifungal and an anti-inflammatory! As such, it can be used in dozens of different ways to boost health and ward off disease.", "Restorative and Healthy Skin Support. Helichrysum oil is known for its restorative properties and provides excellent support to the skin, liver, and nervous system. It has a sweet and fruity smell with honey or nectar overtones. Chemistry note about Helichrysum Essential Oil – This oil is sometimes extremely hard to find in therapeutic grade quality because the plant is very sensitive to climate and soil composition. Any change in these factors modifies the naturally occurring constituent neryl acetate percentage.", "Helichrysum oil is extracted from Helichrysum angustifolium (also known as Helichrysum italicum), of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family and is commonly known as everlasting oil, Immortelle and St. John's herb (not to be confused with St. John's Wort which is known as Hypericum perforatum). ", "Helichrysum italicum (synonym Helichrysum angustifolium) is steam distilled to produce a yellow-reddish essential oil popular in fragrance for its unique scent, best described as a mixture of burnt sugar and ham. Angustifolium means narrow leaved. The type species is Helichrysum orientale. The name is derived from the Greek words ἑλίσσω (helisso, to turn around) and χρῡσός (chrysos, gold).", "Helichrysum is a natural medicinal plant that’s used to make a beneficial essential oil that boasts many different full-body benefits due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Modern science now confirms what traditional populations have known for centuries: Helichrysum essential oil contains special properties that make it an antioxidant, an antibacterial, an antifungal and an anti-inflammatory! As such, it can be used in dozens of different ways to boost health and ward off disease.", "Helichrysum italicum is a flowering plant of the daisy family Asteraceae. It is sometimes called the curry plant because of the strong smell of its leaves. It grows on dry, rocky or sandy ground around the Mediterranean. The stems are woody at the base and can reach 60 cm or more in height. ", "The genus Helichrysum /hɛlɨˈkraɪsəm/ consists of an estimated 600 species, in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The type species is Helichrysum orientale. The name is derived from the Greek words ἑλίσσω (helisso, to turn around) and χρῡσός (chrysos, gold).", "Photo Source. Helichrysum essential oil (Helichrysum italicum) is made from the steam distillation of the flowers of the plant. It's pricier which is probably why it's not one of the more common essential oils, but after reading all this I'm sure you'll agree, it probably should be. Precautions of Helichrysum Essential Oil. Always test for skin sensitivity prior to widespread use and use on the feet when possible. Excessive use of any oil can lead to skin sensitization. Keep out of eyes, ears, or nose.", "(4). To use helichrysum essential oil for soothing and healing the skin, combine with a carrier oil like coconut or jojoba oil and rub the mixture onto the face to prevent hives, redness, blemishes, rashes and shaving irritation. Modern science now confirms what traditional populations have known for centuries: Helichrysum essential oil contains special properties that make it an antioxidant, an antibacterial, an antifungal and an anti-inflammatory! As such, it can be used in dozens of different ways to boost health and ward off disease." ], "url": [ "https://draxe.com/helichrysum-essential-oil/", "http://www.experience-essential-oils.com/helichrysum-oil.html", "http://www.essentialoils.co.za/essential-oils/helichrysum.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helichrysum", "https://draxe.com/helichrysum-essential-oil/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helichrysum_italicum", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helichrysum", "http://www.sustainablebabysteps.com/helichrysum-essential-oil.html", "https://draxe.com/helichrysum-essential-oil/" ] }

[]

[ "Point mutations, Substitution, Inversion." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Silent Mutation: Although a change in the DNA sequence occurs, this type of mutation does not change the protein that is to be produced. 2 This is because multiple genetic codons can encode for the same amino acid. 3 Amino acids are coded for by three nucleotide sets called codons. Gene mutations can be generally categorized into two types: point mutations and base-pair insertions or deletions. Point mutations are the most common type of gene mutation. Also called a base-pair substitution, this type of mutation changes a single nucleotide base pair.", "Altering nucleotide sequences most often results in nonfunctioning proteins. Mutations cause changes in the genetic code that lead to genetic variation and the potential to develop disease. Gene mutations can be generally categorized into two types: point mutations and base-pair insertions or deletions. Point mutations are the most common type of gene mutation. Also called a base-pair substitution, this type of mutation changes a single nucleotide base pair.", "To connect the idea of mutations back to our discussion of DNA and proteins, here are some examples of how a mutation in the DNA can lead to a change in the protein: 1) A number of nucleotides not divisible by three is either inserted into or deleted from the DNA. Mutation. As discussed in the introduction, mutations are changes in the genetic code that lead to different traits arising. These mutations can be passed down genetically and either be lost or become fixed.", "Mutations. Mutation is a change in DNA, the hereditary material of life. An organism's DNA affects how it looks, how it behaves, and its physiology all aspects of its life. So a change in an organism's DNA can cause changes in all aspects of its life. Mutations are random", "1 Point mutation – a change in one base in the DNA sequence. 2 Substitution – when one or more bases in the sequence is replaced by the same number of bases (for example, a cytosine substituted for an adenine). 3 Inversion – when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. Large-scale mutations. 1 Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of mutation where large chunks of DNA are inserted, repeated or lost. 2 These regions of DNA can be between 10,000 and 5,000,000 bases long. 3 Duplication of genes. 4 When there is an increase in the number of copies of a gene.", "Small-scale mutations. 1 Point mutation – a change in one base in the DNA sequence. 2 Substitution – when one or more bases in the sequence is replaced by the same number of bases (for example, a cytosine substituted for an adenine). 3 Inversion – when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. Large-scale mutations. 1 Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of mutation where large chunks of DNA are inserted, repeated or lost. 2 These regions of DNA can be between 10,000 and 5,000,000 bases long. 3 Duplication of genes. 4 When there is an increase in the number of copies of a gene.", "Genetic mutations. Genetic mutations occur when DNA changes, altering the genetic instructions. This may result in a genetic disorder or a change in characteristics. Mutations can be caused by exposure to specific chemicals or radiation. For example, cigarette smoke is full of chemicals that attack and damage DNA. This causes mutations in lung cell genes, including the ones that control growth.", "In biology, a mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. Mutation can result in several different types of change in sequences. Mutations in genes can either have no effect, alter the product of a gene, or prevent the gene from functioning properly or completely.", "As mentioned, sickle-cell anemia is the result of a change in a single nucleotide, and it represents just one class of mutations called point mutations. Changes in the DNA sequence can also occur at the level of the chromosome, in which large segments of chromosomes are altered. Although the haploid human genome consists of 3 billion nucleotides, changes in even a single base pair can result in dramatic physiological malfunctions. For example, sickle-cell anemia is a disease caused by the smallest of genetic changes." ], "url": [ "http://biology.about.com/od/basicgenetics/ss/gene-mutation.htm", "http://biology.about.com/od/basicgenetics/ss/gene-mutation.htm", "http://web.mit.edu/saraht/Public/8.592FinalProject/Population_genetics/Mutation.html", "http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_18", "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-types-of-mutation-are-there", "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-types-of-mutation-are-there", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Genetics/Pages/Facts.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mutation-441" ] }

[]

[ "$39,259" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 View all Great Oaks Charter School of Bridgeport jobs in Bridgeport, CT-Bridgeport jobs. 2 Salary Search: Manager salaries in Bridgeport, CT. 3 Related forums: Great Oaks Charter School of Bridgeport-Bridgeport, Connecticut - -. The Manager, School Culture is a leader in the Great Oaks Bridgeport community.... Teachers-Teachers.com - 8 days ago-save job-email-more... 1 ", "The average teacher’s starting salary in Connecticut is $39,259. So, let’s say three students leave a single school for various charter schools, taking about $42,000 in funds away from the public school’s budget. That’s a new teacher’s salary, gone. Yet, there are charter schools that are proving that you can reduce racial isolation. The Common Ground School in New Haven has created a more racially diverse learning environment. The number of minorities in that school is 81.9% minority compared to the City’s 86.9% minority student body.", "Achievement First, a non-profit 501(c)3 charter school management organization, will operate 29 public charter schools in Brooklyn, Connecticut and Rhode Island... The Manager, School Culture is a leader in the Great Oaks Bridgeport community.... Teachers-Teachers.com - 8 days ago-save job-email-more... 1 View all Great Oaks Charter School of Bridgeport jobs in Bridgeport, CT-Bridgeport jobs.", "Teacher Salary Survey 2007. Connecticut ranked Second in the nation for its average teacher salary in 2006-07, according to the American Federation of Teachers’ (AFT) Survey and Analysis of Teacher Salary Trends 2007. The average teacher salary in Connecticut for the 2006-07 school year was $61,039-a 2.9 percent increase from the previous year. Connecticut was ranked third in the nation for beginning teacher salaries, at $41,497, an increase of four percent from 2005-06. ", "Salary raise over 10 years: 25.0 %. Connecticut is 46th on our comfort scale with a starting salary of $42,924 and average salaries of $69,397. Home mortgage assistance is offered in some districts. In certain low-income schools, teachers can also get loan forgiveness", "The salary for someone with the job title Public School Teacher in New Haven, CT varies depending on a number of factors. For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Public School Teacher in the United States is $59,151 so 50% of the people who perform the job of Public School Teacher in the United States are expected to make less than $59,151. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary.", "1 View all Charter Global Inc. jobs in Hartford, CT-Hartford jobs. 2 Salary Search: Entry Level Contract Field Service Technician IT Support salaries in Hartford, CT. 3 Learn more about working at Charter Global Inc. The Manager, School Culture is a leader in the Great Oaks Bridgeport community.... Teachers-Teachers.com - 8 days ago-save job-email-more... 1 View all Great Oaks Charter School of Bridgeport jobs in Bridgeport, CT-Bridgeport jobs.", "The average teacher salary in Park City Prep Charter School is $61,862. To learn how to become a teacher in the Park City Prep Charter School, read our how to become a teacher in Connecticut article. For average salary information, read our average teacher salary in Connecticut article" ], "url": [ "http://www.indeed.com/q-Charter-School-l-Connecticut-jobs.html", "http://aftct.org/truth-about-charter-schools", "http://www.indeed.com/q-Charter-School-l-Connecticut-jobs.html", "http://www.k12jobs.com/teaching_jobs_resources/Connecticut_teacher_jobs.php", "http://www.teacherportal.com/salary/Connecticut-teacher-salary", "http://www1.salary.com/CT/New-Haven/Public-School-Teacher-salary.html", "http://www.indeed.com/q-Charter-School-l-Connecticut-jobs.html", "http://www.teachersalaryinfo.com/connecticut/teacher-salary-in-park-city-prep-charter-school/" ] }

[]

[ "Average new home construction costs are approximately $100 per square foot." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Show me a house design, and with a few specific questions, I can place it within a rough range of cost. That’s a start, but for a 2,500-square-foot custom home, even a range of $20 per square foot is a lot of money. You most definitely don’t want your cost estimate on a $250,000 house to be off by $50,000! With a little research, square-foot pricing can be a useful tool to get you “in the ballpark” — but that’s all. ", "Take the price of the home, deduct the price of the land, and divide that amount by the square footage of the home. For example, if the home is selling for $230,000 and the land costs $30,000, then the construction cost is around $200,000. If the home is 2,000 square feet, then the cost per square foot is $100. Use several new homes in your area to get an approximate square footage price. 1 Usually the cost of building a home increases around 3% to 6% per year. 2 If it will be several years before you begin construction, remember to include inflation into the cost estimate for your home.", "By Heather Taylor on January 3, 2014 • (10). NAHB recently published the latest construction cost survey. The survey shows that the average home was built on 14,359 square feet of land, had 2,607 square feet of finished area, and sold for $399,532. The average share of the home’s sales price which goes to the construction costs jumped from 59 percent in both 2009 and 2011 to 62 percent in 2013. Finished lot costs, accounting for the second largest share of the sales price, dropped from 22 percent in 2011 to 19 percent in 2013", "Building permits are needed for more than just new home construction. The national average cost of a building permit is $853, with most homeowners spending between $366 and $1,340. This data is based on actual project costs according to HomeAdvisor members. Depending on the area, they may be required for additions, renovations and even electrical or plumbing projects.", "How can I estimate the cost to build the house? And what do you think about modular homes? Answer: According to B4UBuild.com, which sells books on the subject of cost estimating, the average cost-per-square-foot to build a home on site is between $95 and $150.", "The average construction cost is much higher than the 2011 cost, which was $184,125, and NAHB notes it is the highest it’s been since 1998. The 2013 construction cost per square foot ($95) also jumped in comparison to 2011, where it was $80 per square foot. 1 average share of the home’s sales price which goes to construction cost was 62% (up from 59% in 2011). 2 second largest share of the sales price, which was the finished lot costs, was 19% (lower than the 2011 share of 22%).", "Simply enter a zip code or select a state below for the state's average home construction cost per square foot and the average new square foot size for homes sold in that state. Then just click Submit for your results! With Resi-Cost you no longer have to guess your home's cost using rules of thumb like construction cost per square foot. Resi-Cost provides you an economical, simple, fast and accurate way to budget your home's design, built in your specific location with your material selections.", "Average New Home Construction Costs. Average new home construction costs are approximately $100 per square foot. State averages range from $75 to $130 dollars. These figures are somewhat deceptive though, as are all averages. Obviously as with all averages, some cost a lot more and some cost a lot less. Luxury home can cost over $800 per square foot, and even though these are not common, they drive up the average cost.", "Home prices of $55, $66, $72, $80, $84, $92, $110, $118, and $328 per square foot combine to produce an average of $112 per square foot, which is probably a reasonable figure for many areas of the country. However, the difference between the lowest figure and the highest is very substantial. ", "New construction will run between $250 per square foot and $500 per square foot: That will mean between $275,000 to $550,000 not including the cost of the land. 0 votes • Thank • Flag • Link • Thu May 10, 2012. Cancel. " ], "url": [ "http://www.zillow.com/blog/construction-costs-learn-the-basics-93256/", "http://architecture.about.com/cs/buildyourhouse/a/costs.htm", "http://eyeonhousing.org/2014/01/cost-of-constructing-a-single-family-home-in-2013/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/architects-and-engineers/get-a-building-permit/", "http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120896495907838431", "http://porch.com/advice/new-home-construction-costs-numbers/", "http://www.home-cost.com/construction-cost-per-sf.html", "http://homebuildingsmart.com/average-new-home-construction-costs/", "http://www.b4ubuild.com/faq/faq_0002.shtml", "http://www.trulia.com/voices/Remodel_and_Renovate/Average_cost_per_square_foot_for_new_construction-381372" ] }

[]

[ "A meningioma is a tumor that arises from the meninges — the membranes that surround your brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are noncancerous (benign), though rarely a meningioma may be cancerous (malignant).", "It is a type of tumor that develops from the meninges, the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Meningiomas may cause seizures, headaches, and focal neurological defects, such as arm or leg weakness, or vision loss. Patients often have subtle symptoms for a long period before the meningioma is diagnosed. Sometimes memory loss, carelessness, and unsteadiness are the only symptoms. Meningiomas are most common in people between the ages of 40 and 70. They are more common in women than in men. Among middle-aged patients, there is a marked female bias, with a female: male ratio of almost 3 to 1 in the brain and up to 6 to 1 in the spinal cord.", "Enlarge image. The most common type of primary brain tumor is the meningioma, a noncancerous tumor that arises from the abnormal growth of the cells that form the delicate outer covering of the brain, called the meninges. Approximately 96% of meningiomas occur within the skull, with the remaining 4% involving the spinal column. ", "A meningioma is a tumor that arises from the meninges — the membranes that surround your brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are noncancerous (benign), though rarely a meningioma may be cancerous (malignant). Some meningiomas are classified as atypical, meaning they're neither benign nor malignant but, rather, something in between.", "Meningiomas are often benign tumors arising from the coverings of the brain and spinal cord. They represent about one-third of all primary brain tumors and occur most frequently in middle-aged women. Location. Although meningiomas are referred to as brain tumors, they do not grow from brain tissue. Meningiomas account for about 36.1% of all primary brain tumors, which are tumors that form in the brain or its coverings. They are most likely to be found in adults older than 60; the incidence appears to increase with age. Rarely are meningiomas found in children. They occur about twice as often in women as in men.", "A meningioma is a type of tumor that develops from the meninges, the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. There are three layers of meninges, called the dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater. Meningiomas are most common in people between the ages of 40 and 70. They are more common in women than in men. Among middle-aged patients, there is a marked female bias, with a female: male ratio of almost 3 to 1 in the brain and up to 6 to 1 in the", "Treatments. Surgery, particularly for medium to large meningioma brain tumors, is more successful than for most other brain tumor types and is the preferred treatment for accessible meningiomas. However, very large meningioma tumors may get into brain tissues or surrounding veins, making surgical removal difficult. ", "Meningioma Center. The Johns Hopkins Meningioma Center is part of one of the largest brain tumor centers in the world. We have expertise in diagnosing and treating all types of brain tumors, including meningiomas. ", "Meningiomas vary in their symptoms and appropriate treatment options depending on where they are located. A primary brain tumor originates in the central nervous system, while metastatic brain tumors spread to the brain from other parts of the body. Meningiomas are most common in people between the ages of 40 and 70. They are more common in women than in men. Among middle-aged patients, there is a marked female bias, with a female: male ratio of almost 3 to 1 in the brain and up to 6 to 1 in the spinal cord.", "Surgery is the most common treatment for a meningioma. If a meningioma is benign and in a part of the brain where neurosurgeons can safely completely remove it, surgery is likely to be the only treatment needed. For some, total resection surgery is all that is needed for treatment, followed by periodic imaging to monitor any recurrence of a tumor. Radiation therapy is also used to treat meningiomas in locations where surgery is not safe. For a small meningioma that does not cause any significant signs or symptoms, monitoring the tumor without any immediate treatment, called observation, may be an option.", "Most people with a meningioma will have a tumor at only one site, but it also is possible to have several tumors growing simultaneously in different parts of the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas are most common in people between the ages of 40 and 70. They are more common in women than in men. Among middle-aged patients, there is a marked female bias, with a female: male ratio of almost 3 to 1 in the brain and up to 6 to 1 in the" ], "url": [ "http://www.brighamandwomens.org/departments_and_services/neurosurgery/meningioma/meningiomafacts.aspx", "http://www.brainsciencefoundation.org/bUnderstandbPrimaryBrainTumors/Meningioma/tabid/186/Default.aspx", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/basics/definition/CON-20026098", "http://www.abta.org/brain-tumor-information/types-of-tumors/meningioma.html", "http://www.brighamandwomens.org/departments_and_services/neurosurgery/meningioma/meningiomafacts.aspx", "https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Meningiomas-Brain-Tumors.aspx", "http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/brain_tumor/center/meningioma/index.html", "http://www.brighamandwomens.org/departments_and_services/neurosurgery/meningioma/meningiomafacts.aspx", "http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/brain_tumor/center/meningioma/treatment.html", "http://www.brighamandwomens.org/departments_and_services/neurosurgery/meningioma/meningiomafacts.aspx" ] }

[]

[ "1 Fatigue, sluggish. 2 Depression. 3 Weight gain. 4 Bone and muscle loss. 5 Foggy thinking.6 Anxiety.7 Irritability. 8 Tired but wired feeling." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "In addition to fatigue, women with adrenal imbalance may experience weakness, moodiness or depression, hair loss, weight gain and dozens of other symptoms — some very serious. Women with these symptoms can undergo a series of tests that evaluate markers of stress, including cortisol and DHEA levels. ", "Despite having healthy eating habits, exercising regularly, you may still suffer from hormonal issues such as Cortisol hormonal imbalance. Some of the most common tell-tale signs of these hormonal changes could be weight gain, weight loss, low libido, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles in females, hair loss etc. Here is the example post: Signs and Symptoms of Cortisol Hormonal Imbalance | TestCountry … Posted in Uncategorized | Tags: are-the, body, hormones-influence, thoughts, well, you-know, […].", "Overview. Cortisol is a naturally occurring hormone that is secreted by the adrenal glands located on your kidneys. The levels of cortisol within your body fluctuate normally throughout the day and night. Infertility. Men with high cortisol levels can experience impotence, a medical condition characterized by the inability to have or maintain an erection. These symptoms of cortisol imbalance may also be accompanied by decreased sexual desire.", "Often many of these symptoms can also be caused by neurotransmitter imbalances. It’s helpful to take a urine test to evaluate your levels of common neurotransmitters along with the set of four cortisol tests and a DHEA test to evaluate adrenal gland function. Cortisol imbalances often come along with other symptoms of stress and fatigue and energy problems. Depressive symptoms and anxiety are common, no wonder because it is depressing and anxiety-inducing when you feel you can’t function normally.", "Women are more prone to health issues that arise out of Cortisol hormonal imbalance. Many women can experience problems like infrequent ovulation that may lead to infertility or difficulty in getting pregnant by suppressing estrogen as well as progesterone activity. Here is the example post: Signs and Symptoms of Cortisol Hormonal Imbalance | TestCountry … Posted in Uncategorized | Tags: are-the, body, hormones-influence, thoughts, well, you-know, […].", "When you factor in the hormonal changes women face as they age, the combination can really get the cortisol pumping. Symptoms of cortisol imbalance in women are similar to those typified by other hormonal imbalances such as perimenopause and menopause and often include the following: 1 Fatigue. 2 Depression. 3 Weight gain. 4 Bone and muscle loss. 5 Foggy thinking. 6 Anxiety. ", "Common symptoms of both high and low cortisol levels include anxiety, insomnia, irritability, memory problems, confusion, depression, cravings for sugar, and body temperature regulation problems such as chills, hot flashes, and night sweats. Cortisol imbalances often come along with other symptoms of stress and fatigue and energy problems. Depressive symptoms and anxiety are common, no wonder because it is depressing and anxiety-inducing when you feel you can’t function normally.", "Symptoms of cortisol imbalance in men are similar to those typified by other hormonal imbalances such as andropause (the male menopause) and often include the following: 1 Fatigue. 2 Depression. 3 Weight gain. 4 Bone and muscle loss. 5 Foggy thinking. 6 Anxiety. 7 Irritability. Cortisol is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands as a biological response to stress, which is why many refer to it as the stress hormone.. In addition to helping the body cope with stress, cortisol also assists with glucose metabolism, helping the body convert sugars into energy. Stress isn't always a bad thing.", "Cortisol is produced by small glands on top of the kidneys called the adrenal glands. Known as “the stress hormone,” cortisol is released as the body’s natural response to stress. Chronic stress can cause the adrenal glands to become overworked, and eventually quit working. Symptoms of cortisol imbalance are similar to other hormone deficiencies. 1 Fatigue, sluggish. 2 Depression. 3 Weight gain. 4 Bone and muscle loss. 5 Foggy thinking. 6 Anxiety. 7 Irritability. 8 Tired but wired feel" ], "url": [ "http://www.womenshealthnetwork.com/adrenal-fatigue-and-stress/relieve-adrenal-fatigue-by-normalizing-high-cortisol.aspx", "http://www.testcountry.org/signs-and-symptoms-of-cortisol-hormonal-imbalance.htm", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/94310-cortisol-imbalance-symptoms/", "http://emediahealth.com/2011/03/13/cortisol-imbalances-may-cause-weight-gain-depression-anxiety-and-insomnia/", "http://www.testcountry.org/signs-and-symptoms-of-cortisol-hormonal-imbalance.htm", "https://www.bodylogicmd.com/hormones-for-women/cortisol", "http://emediahealth.com/2011/03/13/cortisol-imbalances-may-cause-weight-gain-depression-anxiety-and-insomnia/", "https://www.bodylogicmd.com/hormones-for-men/cortisol", "http://www.schwietermanshormonehaven.com/women/bio-identical-hormones/cortisol" ] }

[]

[ "The cause of measles is a virus that replicates in the nose and throat of an infected child or adult. When someone with measles coughs, sneezes or talks, infected droplets spray into the air, where other people can inhale them.", "Measles, also known as morbilli, rubeola, or red measles, is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Measles is caused by a virus. It is spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or shares food or drinks. The measles virus can travel through the air. This means that you can get measles if you are near someone who has the virus even if that person doesn't cough or sneeze directly on you. You can spread the virus to others from 4 days before the rash starts until 4 days after the rash appeared.", "Measles, also known as rubeola, is a viral infection of the respiratory system. Measles is a very contagious disease that can spread through contact with infected mucus and saliva. The coughing or sneezing of an infected person can release the virus into the air. ", "Knowledge center. Rubella, also known as German measles, is an infectious disease caused by the rubella virus. The virus passes from person-to-person via droplets in the air expelled when infected people cough or sneeze-the virus may also be present in the urine, feces and on the skin. ", "Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild with half of people not realizing that they are sick. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days. ", "Measles is very contagious. The measles virus is spread by coughing and sneezing. Measles transmission can occur any time, from about 4 days prior to the onset of the rash to 4 days after the onset. If one person has it, 90 percent of their susceptible close contacts will also become infected with the measles virus. ", "Measles, also known as morbilli, rubeola, or red measles, is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus. Initial signs and symptoms typically include fever, often greater than 40 °C (104.0 °F), cough, runny nose, and red eyes. Measles affects about 20 million people a year, primarily in the developing areas of Africa and Asia. It causes the most vaccine-preventable deaths of any disease. It resulted in about 96,000 deaths in 2013, down from 545,000 deaths in 1990. In 1980, the disease is estimated to have caused 2.6 million deaths per year.", "Measles is caused by the measles virus (a paramyxovirus). The measles virus is highly contagious. Measles is spread through droplet transmission from the nose, throat, and mouth of someone who is infected with the virus. These droplets are sprayed out when the infected person coughs or sneezes. Among unimmunized people exposed to the virus, over 90% will contract the disease.", "Measles (Rubeola). A highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. Symptoms appear 8-12 days after exposure and include a rash, cough, fever and muscle pains that can last 4-7 days. PubMed Health Glossary. (Source: NIH-National Cancer Institute). Part of: Viral Infections", "Measles Causes. Both the rubeola and rubella viruses are spread through the respiratory route. This means they infect susceptible individuals exposed to an infected person who is coughing and sneezing. In fact, the rubeola virus is one of the most contagious viruses known to man. ", "Causes. The cause of measles is a virus that replicates in the nose and throat of an infected child or adult. When someone with measles coughs, sneezes or talks, infected droplets spray into the air, where other people can inhale them. The infected droplets may also land on a surface, where they remain active and contagious for several hours." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/children/tc/measles-rubeola-topic-overview", "http://www.healthline.com/health/measles", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/164504.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella", "http://measles.emedtv.com/measles/cause-of-measles.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles", "http://www.medicinenet.com/measles_rubeola/page2.htm", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002536/", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/measles/page2_em.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/measles/basics/causes/CON-20019675" ] }

[]

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There are two types of funds that directly benefit nonprofit organizations: Designated and Agency Funds. These are sometimes both referred to as “Organization Funds.” The distinguishing feature is the source of the money for the fund.  Agency Funds: An Agency Fund is established by a nonprofit that transfers certain assets to the Community Foundation and designates itself as the beneficiary of the fund.  Designated Funds: Designated Funds are established by individual donors (third parties), not the agency itself, to benefit one or more nonprofit organizations; therefore the nonprofit organizations do not get a financial statement for these funds.", "Depository is an institution or a kind of organization which holds securities with it, in which trading is done among shares, debentures, mutual funds, derivatives, F&O and commodities. The intermediaries perform their actions in variety of securities at Depository on behalf of their clients. In a strictly legal sense, a DP is an entity who is registered as such with SEBI under the sub section 1A of Section 12 of the SEBI Act. As per the provisions of this Act, a DP can offer depository-related services only after obtaining a certificate of registration from SEBI.", "An international CSD is a central securities depository that settles trades in international securities such as eurobonds although many also settle trades in various domestic securities, usually through direct or indirect (through local agents) links to local CSDs. Many countries have one domestic CSD that was traditionally associated with the national stock exchange. These organizations are typically heavily regulated by the government and may or may not be separate from the exchanges where trading in securities occurs.", "The Depository Trust Company (DTC), a subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC), is a central securities depository and securities settlement system for eligible securities including equities, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds, as well as money market instruments such as commercial paper. Financial market utilities (FMUs) are multilateral systems that provide the infrastructure for transferring, clearing, and settling payments, securities, and other financial transactions among financial institutions or between financial institutions and the system.", "A central securities depository (CSD) is a specialist financial organization holding securities such as shares either in certificated or uncertificated (dematerialized) form so that ownership can be easily transferred through a book entry rather than the transfer of physical certificates. Many countries have one domestic CSD that was traditionally associated with the national stock exchange. These organizations are typically heavily regulated by the government and may or may not be separate from the exchanges where trading in securities occurs.", "Community Action Agencies are private or public nonprofit organizations that were created by the federal government in 1964 to combat poverty in geographically designated areas. Status as a Community Action Agency is the result of an explicit designation by local or state government. A Community Action Agency has a tripartite board structure that is designated to promote the participation of the entire community in the reduction or elimination of poverty. A Community Action Agency involves the low-income population it serves in the planning, administering, and evaluating of its programs. WHY COMMUNITY ACTION AGENCIES ARE UNIQUE. Most poverty-related organizations focus on a specific area of need, such as job training, health care, housing, or economic development.", "6.5.1 Where a Depository Agent fails to submit any auditors' certification required by the Depository within the prescribed deadlines, the Depository may reprimand the Depository Agent either publicly or privately, unless an extension of time is granted. From the effective date of resignation of any Depository Agent, the Depository is not obliged to perform any of its obligations under these CDP Rules to the Depository Agent in respect of Sub-Accounts maintained with the Depository Agent.", "Depository. The place where a deposit is placed and kept, e.g., a bank, savings and loan institution, credit union, or trust company. A place where something is deposited or stored as for safekeeping or convenience, e.g., a safety deposit box. ", "DEFINITION of 'Agent'. 1. An individual or firm that places securities transactions for clients. 2. A person licensed by a state to sell insurance. 3. A securities salesperson who represents a broker-dealer or issuer when selling or trying to sell securities to the investing public. Next Up", "In India, a Depository Participant (DP) is described as an agent of the depository. They are the intermediaries between the depository and the investors. The relationship between the DPs and the depository is governed by an agreement made between the two under the Depositories Act. In a strictly legal sense, a DP is an entity who is registered as such with SEBI under the sub section 1A of Section 12 of the SEBI Act. As per the provisions of this Act, a DP can offer depository-related services only after obtaining a certificate of registration from SEBI." ], "url": [ "http://www.mpacf.org/documents/agency_and_designated_fund_differences.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depository_participant", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Securities_Depository", "http://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/designated_fmu_about.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Securities_Depository", "http://communityservices.us/about/detail/category/community-action-agency/", "http://rulebook.sgx.com/en/display/display_viewall.html?rbid=3271&element_id=3835&print=1", "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Depository", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/agent.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depository_participant" ] }

[]

[ "Vitamin A Elmer V. McCollum and M. Davis discovered vitamin A during 19/12/1914.", "Elmer V. McCollum and M. Davis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Folic acid Lucy Wills discovered in 1933. B6 Paul Gyorgy discovered in 1934. Vitamin C In 1747, Scottish naval surgeon James Lind discovered that an nutrient (now known to be vitamin C) in citrus foods prevented scurvy. It was rediscovered by Norwegians, A. Hoist and T. Froelich in 1912. Vitamin C was the first vitamin to be artificially synthesized in 1935. A process invented by Dr. Tadeusz Reichstein, of the Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich.", "Who Discovered Vitamin C. 14 Jun, 2011 Who discovered 0. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a well known vitamin that aids in the support of the immune system and can be found in all citrus fruits. It forms an important protein that is used to make skin, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels.", "In 1922, Edward Mellanby discovered Vitamin D while researching a disease called rickets. Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 in green leafy vegetables by University of California researchers, Herbert Evans and Katherine Bishop discovered vitamin E in green leafy vegetables.", "Vitamin A discovered. A number of researchers were studying the nutritional requirements of mammals in the early 1900’s. Experiments were carried out on the diets of young rats and mice, beginning with simple dietary mixtures and finding out what more was needed.", "Vitamin D In 1922, Edward Mellanby discovered Vitamin D while researching a disease called rickets. Vitamin E In 1922, University of California researchers, Herbert Evans and Katherine Bishop discovered vitamin E in green leafy vegetables.", "20 Aug, 2011 Who discovered 0. Vitamin D is a group of fat soluble vitamins. There are 5 types of vitamin D, but the major forms are referred to as D2 and D3. It is a very unique vitamin because it is capable of being synthesized in the human body with exposure to the sun.", "Also known as ascorbic acid, vitamin C is a small carbohydrate molecule first identified in the 1920s by Albert von Szent Gyoergyi, györgyi who discovered that it was able to prevent and cure. scurvy", "Vitamin A Elmer V. McCollum and M. Davis discovered vitamin A during 19121914. In 1913, Yale researchers, Thomas Osborne and Lafayette Mendel discovered that butter contained a fat-soluble nutrient soon known as vitamin A. Vitamin A was first synthesized in 1947." ], "url": [ "http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_vitamins.htm", "http://wanttoknowit.com/who-discovered-vitamin-c/", "http://www.vitamins-nutrition.org/vitamins/history-vitamins.html", "http://www.animalresearch.info/en/medical-advances/timeline/vitamin-discovered/", "http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_vitamins.htm", "http://wanttoknowit.com/who-discovered-vitamin-d/", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-mystery-of-vitamin-c-14167861", "http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_vitamins.htm" ] }

[]

[ "It is the cellular process of phagocytes and protists of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Phagocytosis is a cell taking in a large object that it will eventually digest. The classic example is an amoeba eating a bacterium. First, the cell senses the bacterium because of chemicals in the environment. The cell then moves towards the prey. Phagocytosis is the process of a cell eating. It is one type of endocytosis. Endocytosis happens when a cell goes out and takes in something. Phagocytosis is the situation when it gets a solid.", "In humans and other multicellular animals, phagocytosis is an important defense mechanism against infection by microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) and the process of removing cell debris (e.g. dead tissue cells) and other foreign bodies. Steps of a macrophage ingesting a pathogen : a. Ingestion through phagocytosis, a phagosome is formed. b. The fusion of lysosomes with the phagosome creates a phagolysosome; the pathogen is broken down by enzymes. c. Waste material is expelled or assimilated.", "Phagocytosis is the cellular process of phagocytes and protists of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome. Phagocytosis is a specific form of endocytosis involving the vesicular... Definition of phagocytosis from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. Definition and other additional information on Phagocytosis from Biology-Online.org dictionary.", "Phagocytosis is the process of a cell eating. It is one type of endocytosis. Endocytosis happens when a cell goes out and takes in something. Phagocytosis is the situation when it gets a solid. Pinocytosis. In pinocytosis ( cell drinking), the drop engulfed is relatively small. ", "Related forms: phagocyte (noun), phagocytic (adjective) – as in “a phagocytotic cell”, phagocytose (verb) -- as in “to phagocytose particles”. Compare: pinocytosis. See also: endocytosis, plasma membrane. Steps of a macrophage ingesting a pathogen : a. Ingestion through phagocytosis, a phagosome is formed. b. The fusion of lysosomes with the phagosome creates a phagolysosome; the pathogen is broken down by enzymes. c. Waste material is expelled or assimilated.", "In phagocytosis, or cell eating, the cell engulfs debris, bacteria, or other sizable objects. Phagocytosis occurs in specialized cells called phagocytes, which include macrophages, neutrophils, and other white blood cells. ", "Simply put, cells need to eat and drink just like you. Phagocytosis is the process of a cell eating. It is one type of endocytosis. Endocytosis happens when a cell goes out and takes in something. Phagocytosis is the situation when it gets a solid. Pinocytosis is the act of grabbing some liquid", "Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis, a process through which a cell consumes material by engulfing it with its membrane. Phagocytosis is the engulfing of large particles, such as entire cells. A cell that engages in phagocytosis is called a phagocyte. First, the white blood cell has to recognize the invader and realize that it needs to be destroyed. It recognizes signal molecules released by the bacterium and is drawn toward it.", "Pinocytosis. Definition. noun. A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles, and fuse with lysosomes that hydrolyze or break down contents. Supplement. Definition. noun. A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles, and fuse with lysosomes that hydrolyze or break down content" ], "url": [ "http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell2_phagocytosis.html", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Phagocytosis", "http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-dictionary/Phagocytosis/", "http://en.mimi.hu/biology/pinocytosis.html", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Phagocytosis", "http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/biomembrane2/phagocytosis.html", "http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell2_phagocytosis.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/phagocytosis-definition-process-types.html", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pinocytosis" ] }

[]

[ "An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions. Because of this, when an acid is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is shifted. Now there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions in the solution. This kind of solution is acidic.", "Photo credit: Foter.com / Public domain. There are 20 kinds of amino acids found in our bodies. These are made up of essential and non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids mean that they should be an essential part of your diet as they are not naturally produced by", "There are 8 different types of essential amino acids, so there are 12 different types of non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids play many different roles in your body including controlling insulin, and maintaining healthy hair, skin, and nails.", "The two main types of nucleic acids in your body are called deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, and ribonucleic acid, RNA. There are several sub-types of RNA, including messenger RNA, mRNA, transfer RNA, tRNA, and ribosomal RNA, rRNA.", "Furthermore, nucleic acids contain specific segments called genes that are responsible for producing every protein in your body. Expression of your genes controls the biological characteristics and function of your entire body.", "Meat, eggs, and fish are all high in amino acids, but it can still be difficult to incorporate enough of these foods into a daily diet, especially for vegetarians and vegans. Supplements are another great way to get the required essential amino acids.", "When protein is digested it is once again broken down into specific amino acids, that are then selectively put together for different uses. These new proteins formed in the body are what make up most solid matter in the body: skin, eyes, heart, intestines, bones and, of course, muscle.", "Nucleic acid is a protein found in RNA and DNA to determine our genes. THEY ARE NOT proteins. Nucleic acids are what compose RNA and DNA. They store all of the information of your body and contain, if you will, the recipes necessary for the production of all the proteins in your body. Hope this helps.", "The acid illustrated is hydrochloric acid. Pure hydrochloric acid is a gas, but it dissolves easily in water to produce a solution of hydrogen ion and chloride ion. Since nearly all of it is dissociated in water, it is called a strong acid. Acids that do not dissociate completely are called weak acids." ], "url": [ "http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Chem_AcidsBasespHScale.shtml", "http://exceptionalhealth.org/health/what-does-amino-acids-do-for-the-body/", "http://exceptionalhealth.org/health/what-does-amino-acids-do-for-the-body/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/nucleic-acids-do-5357.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/nucleic-acids-do-5357.html", "http://exceptionalhealth.org/health/what-does-amino-acids-do-for-the-body/", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/catamino.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_nucleic_acids_do_for_the_body", "http://biologycorner.com/worksheets/acids_bases_coloring.html" ] }

[]

[ "A branch of psychology that emphasizes a person's struggle to develop and maintain an integrated, harmonious personality as the primary motivational force in human behavior." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Humanistic Therapy is a style of therapy that emphasizes the basic goodness of human beings and their drive for creativity and self-actualization. ", "By Michael Hurst. The development of humanistic therapy occurred in the mid-1900s, and is often referred to as the “third wave” or “third force,” following Freudian psychoanalysis and behaviorism. ", "humanistic psychology, a branch of psychology that emphasizes a person's struggle to develop and maintain an integrated, harmonious personality as the primary motivational force in human behavior. ", "Humanism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. Sometimes the humanistic approach is called phenomenological. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. Essentially, these terms refer the same approach in psychology.", "Its principal professional organizations in the U.S. are the Association for Humanistic Psychology and the Society for Humanistic Psychology (Division 32 of the American Psychological Association). In Britain there is the UK Association for Humanistic Psychology Practitioners. ", "♦ humanist n. ♦ humanistic adj. humanistic psychology. n approach to psychology advocated by some that emphasizes feelings and emotions and the better understanding of the self in terms of observation of oneself and one's relations with others. English Collins Dictionary-English Definition & Thesaurus. See also: humanist, humanisation, humanise, humanism", "Humanistic View & Methods. Humanistic psychology is strongly supportive of phenomenological and clinical approaches to the study of the human position in the order of life. It also encourages the discovery of new research approaches which seek to further understand the richness in the depth of human being. ", "humanistic psychology, a branch of psychology that emphasizes a person's struggle to develop and maintain an integrated, harmonious personality as the primary motivational force in human behavior. ", "Journals Related to the Humanistic Approach. Journal of Humanistic Psychology --Published by the Association for Humanistic Psychology; has monthly contents, and searchable archive of contents, but no open access to articles. " ], "url": [ "http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Humanistic%20Therapy", "http://www.crchealth.com/types-of-therapy/what-is-humanistic-therapy/", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/humanistic+psychology", "http://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology", "http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-definition/humanistic%20psychology", "https://www.ahpweb.org/about/what-is-humanistic-psychology/item/33-humanistic-view--methods.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Existential-Humanistic+Psychology", "http://www.ryerson.ca/~glassman/humanist.html" ] }

[]

[ "Gladiators." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Saturnalia was an ancient Roman festival in honor of the deity Saturn, held on 17 December of the Julian calendar and later expanded with festivities through to 23 December. The holiday was celebrated with a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn, in the Roman Forum, and a public banquet, followed by private gift-giving, continual partying, and a carnival atmosphere that overturned Roman social norms: gambling was permitted, and masters provided table service for their slaves.", "They were common in games and gambling. Some of the things thrown were, depending upon the time and location, polished sticks, coins, cards, dice, bones, stones, etc. Before the dividing up of our Savior's clothes, Herod's soldiers forced a gorgeous robe on him in order to mock him. ANSWER: According to the Bible several people have cast lots (Leviticus 16:8, Proverbs 16:33, 18:18, Acts 1:24 - 26, etc.). Its main use was to render a decision not biased and based on human choice but letting God decide the matter (e.g. the selection of a replacement for Judas-Acts 1:24 - 26). 24.", "As of March 2011, gambling is illegal in Honolulu, and the entire state of Hawaii. A measure was proposed in 2011 which would legalize gambling in the Honolulu tourist distric … t of Waikiki, and other designated areas. ## To play a game of chance for stakes. # To take a risk in the hope of gaining an advantage or a benefit. # To engage in reckless or hazardous behavior: You are gambling with your health by continuing to smoke. v.tr.", "Ancient Rome was an Italic civilization that began on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. According to the founding myth of Rome, the city was founded on 21 April 753 BC by twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who descended from the Trojan prince Aeneas and who were grandsons of the Latin King, Numitor of Alba Longa.", "Romans definitely gambled on Gladiators. They loved to watch people battle it out to the death. 1 One of the roots of law is in Ancient Rome. 2 Ancient Roman Law, though not the first law, did hav…. 3 Ancient Roman Clothing Ancient Roman clothing was originally made from wool that was homespun. 4 Over time, garments were made with linen, cotton, and even silk.", "In ancient Rome, gambling was practiced amongst slaves and masters and for a period of time it was popular even amongst the Emperors. In ancient China, Egypt and Islam, gambling was also popular. We can also find references in the Jewish Talmud and Buddhism. Obviously whenever gambling exists, cheating goes hand by hand, and that was the case in ancient times too. Checkers is a game that was called ‘tilia’ in ancient Greece and in the Roman era it was called the game of the 12 lines.", "Key Thought. Just as the soldiers at the foot of this cross gambled for Jesus' clothes, people still gamble on the Cross of Christ today. Anytime people refuse to recognize who was crucified on that Cross, they gamble their future—their eternal future—assuming that Jesus was only just another man. ", "No, the Romans did not invent gladiator fighting although the gladiators seem to be firmly connected to ancient Rome. Gladiatorial fighting is a very ancient custom, believed … to have been initiated in a town in Campania (an area of Italy) to commemorate a victory in war. It did not drift up to Rome until 246 BC. However the Romans, being the Romans, improved the sport, adopted strict rules, and professionalized it. 1 One of the roots of law is in Ancient Rome. 2 Ancient Roman Law, though not the first law, did hav…. 3 Ancient Roman Clothing Ancient Roman clothing was originally made from wool that was homespun. 4 Over time, garments were made with linen, cotton, and even silk.", "The other game was to toss the coin and call Head or Ship instead of Head or Tail because Roman coins had the head of the God Janus on one side and a Roman galley on the opposite one. The most popular form of gambling was the dice games. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnalia", "http://www.biblestudy.org/question/why-did-roman-soldiers-cast-lots-for-clothes-of-jesus.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_romans_gamble", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Did_the_ancient_romans_gamble_for_gladiators", "http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/gambling-ancient-civilizations-00931", "http://www.heartlight.org/wjd/mark/1206-wjd.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Did_the_ancient_romans_gamble_for_gladiators", "http://www.crapsdicecontrol.com/gambling_history.htm" ] }

[]

[ "It is a type of leather with a napped finish, commonly used for jackets, shoes, shirts, purses, furniture and other items.it is made from the underside of the skin, primarily lamb, although goat, calf and deer are commonly used." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Commonly used to make boots, gloves and other fashion accessories, suede is a kind of leather with a smooth, velvet-like surface. The term was originally used in France to indicate a particular type of soft gloves imported from Sweden. Over time, the word came to refer to any leather material with a smooth nap finish. Although most suede is made from a split hide, it is also possible to produce suede from a full-grain piece of leather. The nappy finish can be achieved by abrading the surface of the leather, usually with an emery wheel.", "Suede leather, as opposed to suede fabric, is made from the soft inner layer of cow, deer or pig hide. Suede garments, shoes, handbags and other accessories are delicate and beautiful, but very easy to scuff and stain. This article provides information on everyday care for suede and how to remove dirt and stains. Suede brushes usually have a wire-bristled side for brushing off debris and a rubber-bristled side for buffing up the nap of the suede. Gently brush your suede jacket, shoes or accessories, first with the soft side, then with the wire-bristled side.", "Method 1 of 3: Everyday Suede Care. 1. Use a suede brush. Suede brushes usually have a wire-bristled side for brushing off debris and a rubber-bristled side for buffing up the nap of the suede. Gently brush your suede jacket, shoes or accessories, first with the soft side, then with the wire-bristled side.", "The thing to remember in the case of suede is that it is made from the inner side of the skin of the animals. This is the reason why suede is soft to touch while the outer layer of animal hide is tough. Nubuck. Nubuck is a leather product that is made from cow hide. There are many types of products made from Nubuck available in the market though shoes are the most common products made from this type of leather. This leather is made from the outer side of the skin of the cattle and is considered tough and durable", "How to Clean Nubuck. One Methods: Rubbing/sanding out very tough stains. Nubuck is a type of leather made from cowhide. Like suede, it is sanded to create a nap. But while suede is made from the inside of the hide, nubuck is made from the outside, which is stronger and more durable. 1. Wipe the entire surface of your nubuck item with a nubuck cloth or a nubuck sponge (also called an eraser). Do this regularly to remove light soiling and shiny spots and keep the nubuck looking good.", "Nubuck and suede are words often encountered by people when looking for leather products in the market. In fact, shoes made of suede are quite popular among people. These people become confused when they find different products looking similar to suede but referred to as Nubuck. This is the reason why suede is soft to touch while the outer layer of animal hide is tough. Nubuck. Nubuck is a leather product that is made from cow hide. There are many types of products made from Nubuck available in the market though shoes are the most common products made from this type of leather.", "Noun. 1. suede leather-leather with a napped surface. suede. leather-an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning. " ], "url": [ "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-suede.htm", "http://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Suede", "http://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Suede", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-nubuck-and-vs-suede/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Nubuck", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-nubuck-and-vs-suede/", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/suede+leather" ] }

[]

[ "The strips have angled pins that point toward the walls so that when the carpet is stretched, the pins hold it in place. The tack strip is nailed to the floor around the perimeter of the room with a small gap between the strip and the wall so that the carpet can be tucked down into the gap." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Installing tack strips for carpeting is something that you do underneath the carpeting. Install tack strips for carpeting with help from a foreman for Lighty Contractors in this free video clip. Part of the Video Series: Carpet Installation & Maintenance.", "4. Place the tackless strip on the floor in the doorway with the angled pins in the strip turned away from the room where the carpet will be installed. For example, if you are carpeting the living room and the concrete doorway joins the living room with the kitchen, the pins in the strip should lean toward the kitchen.", "Tack strip is designed to grab the edge of the carpet and hold it to the floor around the perimeter of the room so you don't have to tack the carpet directly to the floor; it also serves as a lip to tuck the carpet into the wall edge. Things You'll Need.", "1 Another method for installing the strips on concrete, if you can’t drive in the nails, is to drill holes into the concrete with a hammer drill and masonry drill bit, then replace the concrete nails in the strip with masonry screws.", "When installing tack strip for carpeting, one thing you're going to need is a hammer. Install tack strip for carpeting with help from a foreman for Lighty Contractors in this free video clip.", "The strips have angled pins that point toward the walls so that when the carpet is stretched, the pins hold it in place. The tack strip is nailed to the floor around the perimeter of the room with a small gap between the strip and the wall so that the carpet can be tucked down into the gap.", "Install the Tackless Strips. Cut the tackless strips to size with a strip cutter or heavy snips (Image 1). Nail the strips 1/2 from the wall (Image 2). Don't install tackless strips across thresholds or doorways; the tacks on the strips are sharp and could poke through the carpet and hurt your feet. Tackless strips come in a variety of widths, thicknesses and heights. Make sure you're using the correct size." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/video_12286705_install-tack-strip-carpeting.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-tackless-strips-concrete-doorways-45684.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how_4865573_install-tack-strip-carpeting.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-tackless-strips-concrete-doorways-45684.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-tack-strip-carpeting-83252.html", "http://www.reviewjournal.com/life/home-and-garden/removing-carpet-tack-strips-prying-ordeal", "http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/rooms-and-spaces/floors/how-to-install-wall-to-wall-carpet-yourself" ] }

[]

[ "$12,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Qualifying Relative. For qualifying relatives, there is a strict limit on how much income they could make during the year. A qualifying relative cannot make more than $3,700 of gross income during the year. If he makes more than $3,700, then he cannot be a dependent.", "Gross income is the total of your unearned and earned income. If your gross income was $3,950 or more, you usually cannot be claimed as a dependent unless you are a qualifying child. For details, see Exemptions for Dependents on page 11 of IRS Publication 501.", "The standard deduction for an individual who can be claimed as a dependent on another person's tax return is generally limited to the greater of: $1,000, or. The individual's earned income for the year plus $350 (but not more than the regular standard deduction amount, generally $6,200).", "You can reduce you total taxes owed by claiming a child as a dependent on your income tax return. But not all children qualify and age is a factor. In some cases, you can claim a child under the age of 19. In other instances, you can claim a child under the age of 24.", "The Credit. If you pay someone else to watch your children or other dependents while you work or look for work, you may be eligible for the federal child and dependent care tax credit. This credit directly reduces your tax bill -- so a $500 credit, for example, means you pay $500 less in taxes.", "Taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes of $15,000 or less were eligible for the 35 percent credit. If you had $12,000 in income, for example, and $800 in eligible child care expenses, then, your credit would be 35 percent of $800, or $280. For taxpayers with incomes of more than $43,000, the percentage was 20 percent, with no upper income limit." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/facts_6831997_income-limits-dependent-taxes.html", "https://www.taxact.com/tsupport/FAQDisplay.asp?Question=753", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p501/ar02.html", "http://askthemoneycoach.com/2012/01/age-limit-claiming-child-dependent-income-tax-return/", "http://budgeting.thenest.com/federal-child-dependent-care-credit-income-limits-26819.html", "http://budgeting.thenest.com/federal-child-dependent-care-credit-income-limits-26819.html" ] }

[]

[ "Inflammation, hair loss, and scarring." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Lichen planus mainly causes an itchy skin rash. In some people it also affects other parts of the body such as the mouth, genitals, nails and hair. Most people get better in 6-12 months. Treatment, commonly with a steroid cream or ointment, often eases the itch and may reduce the rash until the condition clears. Lichen planus is a condition that mainly affects the skin to cause an itchy rash. In some cases it affects the mouth, genitals, hair, nails and (rarely) other parts of the body. About 1 in 5,000 people develop lichen planus. It occurs equally in men and women", "Lichen planus is an inflammatory skin condition, characterized by an itchy, non-infectious rash of small, polygonal (many sided) flat-topped pink or purple lesions (bumps) on the arms and legs. Other parts of the body may also be affected, including the mouth, nails, scalp, vulva, vagina, and penis. Lichen planus follicaris (lichen planopilaris) - this affects hairy areas, such as the scalp. There may be redness and irritation. Sometimes there is hair loss, which may be permanent. Other areas-lichen planus of the anus, ear canal, eyelids and esophagus (all extremely rare).", "Lichen planus (LP) is a disease of the skin and/or mucous membranes that resembles lichen. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be the result of an autoimmune process with an unknown initial trigger. There is no cure, but many different medications and procedures have been used to control the symptoms. ", "It commonly develops in association with lichen planus affecting the skin, mucosa and nails. The cause of lichen planopilaris is unknown. Although lichen planopilaris is rare, it is one of the common causes of scarring hair loss of the scalp. Lichen planopilaris is a rare inflammatory condition that results in patchy progressive permanent hair loss mainly on the scalp. Three forms are recognised:", "Experts are not sure what the exact causes of lichen planus are. Many believe it is linked to an immune system disorder, where the person's white blood cells-which defend us from bad bacteria, viruses and other germs-mistakenly attack healthy tissues of the skin, mucous membranes, and hair. Lichen planus follicaris (lichen planopilaris) - this affects hairy areas, such as the scalp. There may be redness and irritation. Sometimes there is hair loss, which may be permanent. Other areas-lichen planus of the anus, ear canal, eyelids and esophagus (all extremely rare).", "Lichen planopilaris is a type of scarring hair loss that occurs when a relatively common skin disease, known as lichen planus, affects areas of the skin with hair. Lichen planopilaris destroys the hair follicle replacing it with scarring. This is distressing when it affects the scalp. ", "Lichen planus is a relatively common inflammatory disease that affects the skin and/or inside the mouth, resulting in distinctive skin and/or oral lesions. Lichen planus of the skin usually causes itching. There seems to be a relationship between the oral form and the skin form of lichen planus. In some people, certain drugs cause lichen planus. These drugs include medications for high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis and malaria, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain killers, etc. It is important to tell your doctor all the medicines you are taking", "Lichen Planopilaris Overview. Lichen planopilaris is a type of lichen planus, a common skin disease that affects hairy areas of the body, causing inflammation, hair loss, and scarring. In some cases, lichen planopilaris leads to permanent hair loss. Print. Lichen planopilaris is a type of lichen planus, a common skin disease that affects hairy areas of the body, causing inflammation, hair loss, and scarring." ], "url": [ "http://patient.info/health/lichen-planus-leaflet", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184866.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_planus", "http://www.dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/lichen-planopilaris.html", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184866.php", "http://www.bad.org.uk/shared/get-file.ashx?id=97&itemtype=document", "http://www.americanskin.org/resource/lichen.php", "http://www.healthcommunities.com/hair-loss-alopecia/lichen-planopilaris.shtml" ] }

[]

[ "In computing, a protocol or communication protocol is a set of rules in which computers communicate with each other. The protocol says what part of the conversation comes at which time.", "A set of rules in which computers communicate with each other." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Internet is often used as an example of a successful protocols-based system in which the implementation of key qualities of protocols, such as error correction and message formatting, are utilized and respected across a wide variety of hardware and software. To indicate that a user wants the page protocol.html from the What-Is-What website, the web browser Firefox connects to the What-Is-What server and sends this information: GET /what_is/protocol.html HTTP/1.1.", "Protocol. When computers communicate with each other, there needs to be a common set of rules and instructions that each computer follows. A specific set of communication rules is called a protocol. Because of the many ways computers can communicate with each other, there are many different protocols -- too many for the average person to remember. Some examples of these different protocols include PPP, TCP/IP, SLIP, HTTP, and FTP", "Definition: A network protocol defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices. Protocols for computer networking all generally use packet switching techniques to send and receive messages in the form of packets. ", "A protocol is a system of rules that define how something is to be done. In computer terminology, a protocol is usually an agreed-upon or standardized method for transmitting data and/or establishing communications between different devices. To indicate that a user wants the page protocol.html from the What-Is-What website, the web browser Firefox connects to the What-Is-What server and sends this information: GET /what_is/protocol.html HTTP/1.1.", "(Redirected from Protocol (computing)). In computing, a protocol or communication protocol is a set of rules in which computers communicate with each other. The protocol says what part of the conversation comes at which time. It also says how to end the communication. ", "To demonstrate a common usage of a popular protocol, we can examine the Internet's TCP /IP protocol. Computers can communicate different types of information over TCP/IP such as text, pictures, VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol), and more. To indicate that a user wants the page protocol.html from the What-Is-What website, the web browser Firefox connects to the What-Is-What server and sends this information: GET /what_is/protocol.html HTTP/1.1.", "In computer science, a protocol is a series of rules by which computing devices are able to communicate. The communication itself is done via a network: a medium through which individuals computers are able to connect and, in doing so, able to share data. Save. In the most basic sense of the term, a protocol is a method for accomplishing something. In practice, protocols typically refer to a standard form of conduct or etiquette: or simply, a set of specific rules.", "The most common protocol you will see is http:// for a regular hypertext page. The second most common protocol you will see is https:// , for hypertext pages that are secured against hackers. Examples of internet computer protocols 1 : http Hypertext Transfer Protocol. 2 https Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secured. Answer: a 'protocol' is a set of invisible computer rules that govern how an internet document gets transmitted to your screen. These dozens of programmatic rules work in the background in the same way a bank employs staff procedures to keep your money safe.", "In the previous example, we saw how one protocol, TCP/IP, was used to specify the use of another protocol, HTTP. This is an example of high-and low-level protocols and how they interact. TCP and IP are low-level protocols, that are used in establishing the basic connection between two computers on a network. To indicate that a user wants the page protocol.html from the What-Is-What website, the web browser Firefox connects to the What-Is-What server and sends this information: GET /what_is/protocol.html HTTP/1.1.", "One of the most common and known protocols is HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), which is a protocol used to transmit data over the world wide web (Internet). Below is a list of the various protocols currently listed in the Computer Hope dictionary. Each protocol has its own method of how data is formatted when sent and what to do with it once received, how that data is compressed or how to check for errors in data." ], "url": [ "http://www.what-is-what.com/what_is/protocol.html", "http://techterms.com/definition/protocol", "http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkprotocols/g/protocols.htm", "http://www.what-is-what.com/what_is/protocol.html", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_(computing)", "http://www.what-is-what.com/what_is/protocol.html", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5257529_protocols.html", "http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/h/f/what-is-a-computer-protocol-http.htm", "http://www.what-is-what.com/what_is/protocol.html", "http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/protocol.htm" ] }

[]

[ "Roots is absorption of water and minerals from the soil." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Photosynthesis is the process when leaf cells containing chlorophyll take in carbon dioxide and water and using sunlight, make sugar and oxygen. 2 Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaf. 3 This helps to draw water up through the plant from the roots. 1 The female part of the flower is the pistil (composed of the stigma, the thin style and the ovary). 2 Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred by insects or wind from the anther to the stigma. 3 Chemicals called enzymes 'drill' a channel down through the style to the ovary where the egg is.", "The Leaf. Two Functions of the Leaf. 1 Photosynthesis is the process when leaf cells containing chlorophyll take in carbon dioxide and water and using sunlight, make sugar and oxygen. 2 Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaf. 3 This helps to draw water up through the plant from the roots. 1 The female part of the flower is the pistil (composed of the stigma, the thin style and the ovary). 2 Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred by insects or wind from the anther to the stigma. 3 Chemicals called enzymes 'drill' a channel down through the style to the ovary where the egg is.", "To begin with, you need to know what plants are, how plants differ from animals on both the cellular and organismal level, and the different categories of plants that exist. You should also know about the structure and function of the three most important parts of vascular plants: leaves, stems, and roots. ", "What is the function of the root in a plant. They anchor to the plant. The root hairs take up water with dissolved mineral salts eg nitrates. They store starch as a reserve of energy. ", "Although, the overall function of the cell is the same, there are some important differences between animal and plant cells. The first difference is that plant cells have an organelle called chloroplast. ", "Structure. A stoma is the opening on a plant leaf, but there are specialized cells surrounding each stoma that control how open or closed it is. These specialized cells are called guard cells, and they are triggered by a number of factors, such as sunlight, humidity, temperature, and internal plant chemistry. ", "A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. ", "The primary function of plant roots is absorption of water and minerals from the soil. Most of plant roots anchor the plant in place. In some cases aerial roots help plants to absorb water from the air (in case of many species of Ficus) and also help in climbing (as in case of Smilax). The roots anchor the plant in place and prevent it from moving, being blown over or washed away by water. Absorption of water and dissolved nutrients from the soil. Root hairs increase the surface area of the roots system as a whole and enable it to absorb large amounts of water from the soil. Absorption of oxygen.", "The first root that comes from a plant is called the radicle. The four major functions of roots are 1) absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, 2) anchoring of the plant body to the ground, and supporting it, 3) storage of food and nutrients, 4) vegetative reproduction. However, roots can also be aerial or aerating (growing up above the ground or especially above water). Furthermore, a stem normally occurring below ground is not exceptional either (see rhizome). Therefore, the root is best defined as the non-leaf, non-nodes bearing parts of the plant's body.", "The main functions of plant roots are: 1) absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, 2) anchoring of the plant body to the ground and 3) storage of food and nutrients a … benefit of this to humans is that plant root systems prevent soil erosion by holding the soil together. The roots anchor the plant in place and prevent it from moving, being blown over or washed away by water. Absorption of water and dissolved nutrients from the soil. Root hairs increase the surface area of the roots system as a whole and enable it to absorb large amounts of water from the soil. Absorption of oxygen." ], "url": [ "http://www.qldscienceteachers.com/junior-science/biology/functions-of-plant-parts", "http://www.qldscienceteachers.com/junior-science/biology/functions-of-plant-parts", "http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/biology/chapter9section2.rhtml", "https://quizlet.com/16642302/the-function-of-plant-organs-flash-cards/", "http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=2586", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/stomata-of-plants-function-definition-structure.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_function_of_plant_roots", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_function_of_plant_roots" ] }

[]

[ "George Washington, \nThomas Jefferson, \nBenjamin Franklin ." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Anyone from the South probably owned slaves. My guess would be John Adams from Massachusetts never owned a slave. Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Monroe (if the last 2 would be considered founding fathers) probably all", "Another founding father who owned slaves, Thomas Jefferson. Both Washington and Jefferson thought slavery was bad, but they both used slaves to make money for their plantations. Thomas Jefferson inherited many slaves.", "Americans in great numbers are rediscovering their founding fathers in such best-selling books as Joseph Ellis’ Founding Brothers, David McCullough’s John Adams and my own Undaunted Courage, about Lewis and Clark.", "Not all of the Founding Fathers owned slaves. John Adams, for example, never owned slaves. Calling it “a cancer,” he strongly opposed slavery and worked to get rid of it. But many Founders did own slaves.", "Founding fathers such as John Dickinson, Ceasar Rodney, William Livingston, George Washington, George Wythe, John Randolph all freed their slaves. Founders such as John Adams never owned a slave in their lives.", "According to Britannica, most of the Founding Fathers owned slaves (see chart below). A handful didn't, including John Adams and Thomas Paine, and slaveowner Thomas Jefferson actually wrote a draft section of the Constitution absolving Americans of responsibility for slavery by blaming the British.", "Slavery and the Founding Fathers. by Esther Pavao. Whether the Founding Fathers owned slaves is a widely asked question with conflicting answers. George Washington. John Adams. Benjamin Franklin. Thomas Jefferson. Alexander Hamilton. James Madison. John Jay.", "See also: George Washington and slavery and Thomas Jefferson and slavery. Many Founding Fathers, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin owned slaves (Franklin later became an abolitionist). Slaves and slavery are mentioned only indirectly in the 1787 Constitution." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100826151915AAYonKa", "http://bookbuilder.cast.org/view_print.php?book=47329", "http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/founding-fathers-and-slaveholders-72262393/", "http://crfcelebrateamerica.org/index.php/ideals-and-realities/99-all-men-are-created-equal", "http://www.wordaroundthe.net/2013/07/common-knowledge-racist-founding-fathers.html", "http://www.businessinsider.com/michele-bachmann-founding-fathers-end-slavery-2011-6", "http://www.revolutionary-war.net/slavery-and-the-founding-fathers.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" ] }

[]

[ "A market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Characteristics of a monopoly market. 1 There are high barriers to entry. 2 The firms in this market are both the price setters and the price taker. 3 Firms in this market structure have abnormal profits both in the long run and in the short run. 4 Price discrimination is possible under this type of market structure. 5 Consumers has limited choice on the ... Monopoly. This is a type of market structure where there is one seller that dictates the market. The monopoly will influence the prices it charges for its output. This way the firms demand curve is equal to the industry demand curve.", "Definition of 'Monopoly'. Tweet. A market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market. Definition: A market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market. In a monopoly market, the seller faces no competition, as he is the sole seller of goods with no close substitute.", "Definition of MONOPOLY for Kids. 1. : complete ownership or control of the entire supply of goods or a service in a certain market. 2. ", "Advantages of a monopoly structure. 1 It is appropriate is the monopoly is caused by the natural factors (economies of scale). 2 Monopoly encourages research and development to take place. 3 The abnormal profits achieved are used to fund research and development. Monopoly. This is a type of market structure where there is one seller that dictates the market. The monopoly will influence the prices it charges for its output. This way the firms demand curve is equal to the industry demand curve.", "Definition of Monopoly: 1 A pure monopoly is defined as a single seller of a product, i.e. 100% of market share. 2 In the UK a firm is said to have monopoly power if it has more than 25% of the market share. 3 For example, Tesco @30% market share or Google 90% of search engine traffic. ", "Characteristics of a monopoly market. 1 There are high barriers to entry. 2 The barriers can be natural such as those ones caused by the economies of scale or can be imposed by the firms in the market to prevent more firms joining this market. Monopoly. This is a type of market structure where there is one seller that dictates the market. The monopoly will influence the prices it charges for its output. This way the firms demand curve is equal to the industry demand curve.", "mo·nop·o·ly. n. pl. mo·nop·o·lies. 1. Exclusive control by one group of the means of producing or selling a commodity or service: Monopoly frequently ... arises from government support or from collusive agreements among individuals (Milton Friedman). 2.", "monopoly. Market situation where one producer (or a group of producers acting in concert) controls supply of a good or service, and where the entry of new producers is prevented or highly restricted. Definition", "DEFINITION of 'Monopoly'. A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. By definition, monopoly is characterized by an absence of competition, which often results in high prices and inferior products. " ], "url": [ "http://www.whatiseconomics.org/microeconomics/monopoly/", "http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/monopoly", "http://www.whatiseconomics.org/microeconomics/monopoly/", "http://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/markets/monopoly/", "http://www.whatiseconomics.org/microeconomics/monopoly/", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/monopoly", "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/monopoly.html", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/monopoly.asp" ] }

[]

[ "Italian and Greek" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mona's language of origin is Celtic. It is predominantly used in English, Irish, Manx, and Welsh. The name is Anglicized from the Gaelic Muadhnait (Old Irish), itself a feminine diminutive of muadh (meaning 'good, noble'). Mona is also a form (Arabic) of the Arabic, Indian, Spanish, African, and Swahili Muna. Mona is also a diminutive (Arabic, English, Greek, Irish, Scandinavian, and Scottish) of the German and Spanish Ramona. See also the related forms, the name Mona Lisa, the Italian Monia. Mona is uncommon as a baby girl name. At the modest height of its usage in 1950, 0.062% of baby girls were named Mona", "Mona /mona/ [2 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced MOH-nah. It is of Irish and Gaelic origin, and the meaning of Mona is noble, aristocratic . Also an Italian short form of Madonna. The Mona Lisa, a portrait painted by Leonardo da Vinci, has inspired name blends. The name spread from Ireland in the mid 19th century. Mona is a very prominent first name for women (#421 out of 4276, Top 10%) and also a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#27970 out of 150436, Top 19%). (2000 U.S. Census). Charted below is the baby name popularity of Mona for girls.", "In northern Europe, where the name is much more popular, Mona is interpreted as a diminutive of Monika or, rarely, of Ramona or Simona. It is sometimes associated with the title of Leonardo da Vinci 's painting Mona Lisa, although in that context the word Mona is actually a title rather than a name. The word mona also means cute, monkey and doll in Spanish. In Sweden, Mona's name day is May 4. As a surname, Mona can have two origins. In Italian and Greek, it is a feminine form of Moni which is a short form of Simone, the Italian form of Simon. In arabic countries, it is derived from the given name Muna, meaning unreachable wishes. It is the plural form of the word Munia (مـُـنيه)", "Italian Meaning: The name Monalisa is an Italian baby name. In Italian the meaning of the name Monalisa is: Mona Lisa is a famous portrait painted by Leonardo da Vinci. SoulUrge Number: 8. Expression Number: 3. People with this name have a deep inner desire to lead, organize, supervise, and to achieve status, power and wealth.", "The girl's name Mona \\\\m(o)-na\\\\ is pronounced MOH-nah. It is of Irish and Gaelic origin, and its meaning is noble, aristocratic. Also an Italian short form of Madonna. The … Mona Lisa, a portrait painted by Leonardo da Vinci, has inspired name blends. The name spread from Ireland in the mid 19th century. Mona has 6 variant forms: Moina, Monah, Monalisa, Monalissa, Monna and Moyna. Answer No. two: In Italian Monna (NOT mona) is short for Madonna, in this connection meaning Mrs. Lisa is short for Elisabetta. Monna Lisa = Mrs Elisabetta", "The Mona Lisa is a painting of an Italian (Florence) woman named Lisa Gherardini painted in the seventeenth century by Leonardo da Vinci. It is the most valuable painting in the world today (it has no monetary value cos it's never being bought or sold). Best Answer: Have a look at what the Louvre say about her. This portrait was doubtless painted in Florence between 1503 and 1506. It is thought to be of Lisa Gherardini, wife of a Florentine cloth merchant named Francesco del Giocondo-hence the alternative title, La Gioconda.", "The name Mona is a Native American baby name. In Native American the meaning of the name Mona is: Gathers jimson weed seed. SoulUrge Number: 7. Expression Number: 7. People with this name have a deep inner need for quiet, and a desire to understand and analyze the world they live in, and to learn the deeper truths. " ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Mona/f", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Mona", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_(name)", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/monalisa", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_meaning_of_the_name_Mona", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006052329267", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/mona" ] }

[]