Chapter
stringclasses
18 values
sentence_range
stringlengths
3
9
Text
stringlengths
7
7.34k
1
4405-4408
With the successive filling of the inner orbitals, 4f, there is a gradual decrease in the atomic and ionic sizes of these metals along the series (lanthanoid contraction) This has far reaching consequences in the chemistry of the elements succeeding them Lanthanum and all the lanthanoids are rather soft white metals They react easily with water to give solutions giving +3 ions
1
4406-4409
This has far reaching consequences in the chemistry of the elements succeeding them Lanthanum and all the lanthanoids are rather soft white metals They react easily with water to give solutions giving +3 ions The principal oxidation state is +3, although +4 and +2 oxidation states are also exhibited by some Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary Rationalised 2023-24 115 The d- and f- Block Elements occasionally
1
4407-4410
Lanthanum and all the lanthanoids are rather soft white metals They react easily with water to give solutions giving +3 ions The principal oxidation state is +3, although +4 and +2 oxidation states are also exhibited by some Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary Rationalised 2023-24 115 The d- and f- Block Elements occasionally The chemistry of the actinoids is more complex in view of their ability to exist in different oxidation states
1
4408-4411
They react easily with water to give solutions giving +3 ions The principal oxidation state is +3, although +4 and +2 oxidation states are also exhibited by some Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary Rationalised 2023-24 115 The d- and f- Block Elements occasionally The chemistry of the actinoids is more complex in view of their ability to exist in different oxidation states Furthermore, many of the actinoid elements are radioactive which make the study of these elements rather difficult
1
4409-4412
The principal oxidation state is +3, although +4 and +2 oxidation states are also exhibited by some Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary Rationalised 2023-24 115 The d- and f- Block Elements occasionally The chemistry of the actinoids is more complex in view of their ability to exist in different oxidation states Furthermore, many of the actinoid elements are radioactive which make the study of these elements rather difficult There are many useful applications of the d- and f-block elements and their compounds, notable among them being in varieties of steels, catalysts, complexes, organic syntheses, etc
1
4410-4413
The chemistry of the actinoids is more complex in view of their ability to exist in different oxidation states Furthermore, many of the actinoid elements are radioactive which make the study of these elements rather difficult There are many useful applications of the d- and f-block elements and their compounds, notable among them being in varieties of steels, catalysts, complexes, organic syntheses, etc 4
1
4411-4414
Furthermore, many of the actinoid elements are radioactive which make the study of these elements rather difficult There are many useful applications of the d- and f-block elements and their compounds, notable among them being in varieties of steels, catalysts, complexes, organic syntheses, etc 4 1 Write down the electronic configuration of: (i) Cr3+ (iii) Cu+ (v) Co2+ (vii) Mn2+ (ii) Pm3+ (iv) Ce4+ (vi) Lu2+ (viii) Th4+ 4
1
4412-4415
There are many useful applications of the d- and f-block elements and their compounds, notable among them being in varieties of steels, catalysts, complexes, organic syntheses, etc 4 1 Write down the electronic configuration of: (i) Cr3+ (iii) Cu+ (v) Co2+ (vii) Mn2+ (ii) Pm3+ (iv) Ce4+ (vi) Lu2+ (viii) Th4+ 4 2 Why are Mn 2+ compounds more stable than Fe 2+ towards oxidation to their +3 state
1
4413-4416
4 1 Write down the electronic configuration of: (i) Cr3+ (iii) Cu+ (v) Co2+ (vii) Mn2+ (ii) Pm3+ (iv) Ce4+ (vi) Lu2+ (viii) Th4+ 4 2 Why are Mn 2+ compounds more stable than Fe 2+ towards oxidation to their +3 state 4
1
4414-4417
1 Write down the electronic configuration of: (i) Cr3+ (iii) Cu+ (v) Co2+ (vii) Mn2+ (ii) Pm3+ (iv) Ce4+ (vi) Lu2+ (viii) Th4+ 4 2 Why are Mn 2+ compounds more stable than Fe 2+ towards oxidation to their +3 state 4 3 Explain briefly how +2 state becomes more and more stable in the first half of the first row transition elements with increasing atomic number
1
4415-4418
2 Why are Mn 2+ compounds more stable than Fe 2+ towards oxidation to their +3 state 4 3 Explain briefly how +2 state becomes more and more stable in the first half of the first row transition elements with increasing atomic number 4
1
4416-4419
4 3 Explain briefly how +2 state becomes more and more stable in the first half of the first row transition elements with increasing atomic number 4 4 To what extent do the electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements
1
4417-4420
3 Explain briefly how +2 state becomes more and more stable in the first half of the first row transition elements with increasing atomic number 4 4 To what extent do the electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements Illustrate your answer with examples
1
4418-4421
4 4 To what extent do the electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements Illustrate your answer with examples 4
1
4419-4422
4 To what extent do the electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements Illustrate your answer with examples 4 5 What may be the stable oxidation state of the transition element with the following d electron configurations in the ground state of their atoms : 3d 3, 3d 5, 3d 8 and 3d 4
1
4420-4423
Illustrate your answer with examples 4 5 What may be the stable oxidation state of the transition element with the following d electron configurations in the ground state of their atoms : 3d 3, 3d 5, 3d 8 and 3d 4 4
1
4421-4424
4 5 What may be the stable oxidation state of the transition element with the following d electron configurations in the ground state of their atoms : 3d 3, 3d 5, 3d 8 and 3d 4 4 6 Name the oxometal anions of the first series of the transition metals in which the metal exhibits the oxidation state equal to its group number
1
4422-4425
5 What may be the stable oxidation state of the transition element with the following d electron configurations in the ground state of their atoms : 3d 3, 3d 5, 3d 8 and 3d 4 4 6 Name the oxometal anions of the first series of the transition metals in which the metal exhibits the oxidation state equal to its group number 4
1
4423-4426
4 6 Name the oxometal anions of the first series of the transition metals in which the metal exhibits the oxidation state equal to its group number 4 7 What is lanthanoid contraction
1
4424-4427
6 Name the oxometal anions of the first series of the transition metals in which the metal exhibits the oxidation state equal to its group number 4 7 What is lanthanoid contraction What are the consequences of lanthanoid contraction
1
4425-4428
4 7 What is lanthanoid contraction What are the consequences of lanthanoid contraction 4
1
4426-4429
7 What is lanthanoid contraction What are the consequences of lanthanoid contraction 4 8 What are the characteristics of the transition elements and why are they called transition elements
1
4427-4430
What are the consequences of lanthanoid contraction 4 8 What are the characteristics of the transition elements and why are they called transition elements Which of the d-block elements may not be regarded as the transition elements
1
4428-4431
4 8 What are the characteristics of the transition elements and why are they called transition elements Which of the d-block elements may not be regarded as the transition elements 4
1
4429-4432
8 What are the characteristics of the transition elements and why are they called transition elements Which of the d-block elements may not be regarded as the transition elements 4 9 In what way is the electronic configuration of the transition elements different from that of the non transition elements
1
4430-4433
Which of the d-block elements may not be regarded as the transition elements 4 9 In what way is the electronic configuration of the transition elements different from that of the non transition elements 4
1
4431-4434
4 9 In what way is the electronic configuration of the transition elements different from that of the non transition elements 4 10 What are the different oxidation states exhibited by the lanthanoids
1
4432-4435
9 In what way is the electronic configuration of the transition elements different from that of the non transition elements 4 10 What are the different oxidation states exhibited by the lanthanoids 4
1
4433-4436
4 10 What are the different oxidation states exhibited by the lanthanoids 4 11 Explain giving reasons: (i) Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour
1
4434-4437
10 What are the different oxidation states exhibited by the lanthanoids 4 11 Explain giving reasons: (i) Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour (ii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high
1
4435-4438
4 11 Explain giving reasons: (i) Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour (ii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high (iii) The transition metals generally form coloured compounds
1
4436-4439
11 Explain giving reasons: (i) Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour (ii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high (iii) The transition metals generally form coloured compounds (iv) Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst
1
4437-4440
(ii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high (iii) The transition metals generally form coloured compounds (iv) Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst 4
1
4438-4441
(iii) The transition metals generally form coloured compounds (iv) Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst 4 12 What are interstitial compounds
1
4439-4442
(iv) Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst 4 12 What are interstitial compounds Why are such compounds well known for transition metals
1
4440-4443
4 12 What are interstitial compounds Why are such compounds well known for transition metals 4
1
4441-4444
12 What are interstitial compounds Why are such compounds well known for transition metals 4 13 How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of the non transition metals
1
4442-4445
Why are such compounds well known for transition metals 4 13 How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of the non transition metals Illustrate with examples
1
4443-4446
4 13 How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of the non transition metals Illustrate with examples 4
1
4444-4447
13 How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of the non transition metals Illustrate with examples 4 14 Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from iron chromite ore
1
4445-4448
Illustrate with examples 4 14 Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from iron chromite ore What is the effect of increasing pH on a solution of potassium dichromate
1
4446-4449
4 14 Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from iron chromite ore What is the effect of increasing pH on a solution of potassium dichromate 4
1
4447-4450
14 Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from iron chromite ore What is the effect of increasing pH on a solution of potassium dichromate 4 15 Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionic equations for its reaction with: (i) iodide (ii) iron(II) solution and (iii) H2S Exercises Rationalised 2023-24 116 Chemistry 4
1
4448-4451
What is the effect of increasing pH on a solution of potassium dichromate 4 15 Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionic equations for its reaction with: (i) iodide (ii) iron(II) solution and (iii) H2S Exercises Rationalised 2023-24 116 Chemistry 4 16 Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate
1
4449-4452
4 15 Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionic equations for its reaction with: (i) iodide (ii) iron(II) solution and (iii) H2S Exercises Rationalised 2023-24 116 Chemistry 4 16 Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate How does the acidified permanganate solution react with (i) iron(II) ions (ii) SO2 and (iii) oxalic acid
1
4450-4453
15 Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionic equations for its reaction with: (i) iodide (ii) iron(II) solution and (iii) H2S Exercises Rationalised 2023-24 116 Chemistry 4 16 Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate How does the acidified permanganate solution react with (i) iron(II) ions (ii) SO2 and (iii) oxalic acid Write the ionic equations for the reactions
1
4451-4454
16 Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate How does the acidified permanganate solution react with (i) iron(II) ions (ii) SO2 and (iii) oxalic acid Write the ionic equations for the reactions 4
1
4452-4455
How does the acidified permanganate solution react with (i) iron(II) ions (ii) SO2 and (iii) oxalic acid Write the ionic equations for the reactions 4 17 For M 2+/M and M 3+/M 2+ systems the E o values for some metals are as follows: Cr 2+/Cr -0
1
4453-4456
Write the ionic equations for the reactions 4 17 For M 2+/M and M 3+/M 2+ systems the E o values for some metals are as follows: Cr 2+/Cr -0 9V Cr 3/Cr 2+ -0
1
4454-4457
4 17 For M 2+/M and M 3+/M 2+ systems the E o values for some metals are as follows: Cr 2+/Cr -0 9V Cr 3/Cr 2+ -0 4 V Mn 2+/Mn -1
1
4455-4458
17 For M 2+/M and M 3+/M 2+ systems the E o values for some metals are as follows: Cr 2+/Cr -0 9V Cr 3/Cr 2+ -0 4 V Mn 2+/Mn -1 2V Mn 3+/Mn 2+ +1
1
4456-4459
9V Cr 3/Cr 2+ -0 4 V Mn 2+/Mn -1 2V Mn 3+/Mn 2+ +1 5 V Fe 2+/Fe -0
1
4457-4460
4 V Mn 2+/Mn -1 2V Mn 3+/Mn 2+ +1 5 V Fe 2+/Fe -0 4V Fe 3+/Fe 2+ +0
1
4458-4461
2V Mn 3+/Mn 2+ +1 5 V Fe 2+/Fe -0 4V Fe 3+/Fe 2+ +0 8 V Use this data to comment upon: (i) the stability of Fe3+ in acid solution as compared to that of Cr3+ or Mn3+ and (ii) the ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal
1
4459-4462
5 V Fe 2+/Fe -0 4V Fe 3+/Fe 2+ +0 8 V Use this data to comment upon: (i) the stability of Fe3+ in acid solution as compared to that of Cr3+ or Mn3+ and (ii) the ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal 4
1
4460-4463
4V Fe 3+/Fe 2+ +0 8 V Use this data to comment upon: (i) the stability of Fe3+ in acid solution as compared to that of Cr3+ or Mn3+ and (ii) the ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal 4 18 Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solution
1
4461-4464
8 V Use this data to comment upon: (i) the stability of Fe3+ in acid solution as compared to that of Cr3+ or Mn3+ and (ii) the ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal 4 18 Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solution Ti 3+, V 3+, Cu +, Sc 3+, Mn 2+, Fe 3+ and Co 2+
1
4462-4465
4 18 Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solution Ti 3+, V 3+, Cu +, Sc 3+, Mn 2+, Fe 3+ and Co 2+ Give reasons for each
1
4463-4466
18 Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solution Ti 3+, V 3+, Cu +, Sc 3+, Mn 2+, Fe 3+ and Co 2+ Give reasons for each 4
1
4464-4467
Ti 3+, V 3+, Cu +, Sc 3+, Mn 2+, Fe 3+ and Co 2+ Give reasons for each 4 19 Compare the stability of +2 oxidation state for the elements of the first transition series
1
4465-4468
Give reasons for each 4 19 Compare the stability of +2 oxidation state for the elements of the first transition series 4
1
4466-4469
4 19 Compare the stability of +2 oxidation state for the elements of the first transition series 4 20 Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lanthanoids with special reference to: (i) electronic configuration (iii) oxidation state (ii) atomic and ionic sizes and (iv) chemical reactivity
1
4467-4470
19 Compare the stability of +2 oxidation state for the elements of the first transition series 4 20 Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lanthanoids with special reference to: (i) electronic configuration (iii) oxidation state (ii) atomic and ionic sizes and (iv) chemical reactivity 4
1
4468-4471
4 20 Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lanthanoids with special reference to: (i) electronic configuration (iii) oxidation state (ii) atomic and ionic sizes and (iv) chemical reactivity 4 21 How would you account for the following: (i) Of the d4 species, Cr2+ is strongly reducing while manganese(III) is strongly oxidising
1
4469-4472
20 Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lanthanoids with special reference to: (i) electronic configuration (iii) oxidation state (ii) atomic and ionic sizes and (iv) chemical reactivity 4 21 How would you account for the following: (i) Of the d4 species, Cr2+ is strongly reducing while manganese(III) is strongly oxidising (ii) Cobalt(II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of complexing reagents it is easily oxidised
1
4470-4473
4 21 How would you account for the following: (i) Of the d4 species, Cr2+ is strongly reducing while manganese(III) is strongly oxidising (ii) Cobalt(II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of complexing reagents it is easily oxidised (iii) The d1 configuration is very unstable in ions
1
4471-4474
21 How would you account for the following: (i) Of the d4 species, Cr2+ is strongly reducing while manganese(III) is strongly oxidising (ii) Cobalt(II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of complexing reagents it is easily oxidised (iii) The d1 configuration is very unstable in ions 4
1
4472-4475
(ii) Cobalt(II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of complexing reagents it is easily oxidised (iii) The d1 configuration is very unstable in ions 4 22 What is meant by ‘disproportionation’
1
4473-4476
(iii) The d1 configuration is very unstable in ions 4 22 What is meant by ‘disproportionation’ Give two examples of disproportionation reaction in aqueous solution
1
4474-4477
4 22 What is meant by ‘disproportionation’ Give two examples of disproportionation reaction in aqueous solution 4
1
4475-4478
22 What is meant by ‘disproportionation’ Give two examples of disproportionation reaction in aqueous solution 4 23 Which metal in the first series of transition metals exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequently and why
1
4476-4479
Give two examples of disproportionation reaction in aqueous solution 4 23 Which metal in the first series of transition metals exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequently and why 4
1
4477-4480
4 23 Which metal in the first series of transition metals exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequently and why 4 24 Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in the following gaseous ions: Mn 3+, Cr 3+, V 3+ and Ti 3+
1
4478-4481
23 Which metal in the first series of transition metals exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequently and why 4 24 Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in the following gaseous ions: Mn 3+, Cr 3+, V 3+ and Ti 3+ Which one of these is the most stable in aqueous solution
1
4479-4482
4 24 Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in the following gaseous ions: Mn 3+, Cr 3+, V 3+ and Ti 3+ Which one of these is the most stable in aqueous solution 4
1
4480-4483
24 Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in the following gaseous ions: Mn 3+, Cr 3+, V 3+ and Ti 3+ Which one of these is the most stable in aqueous solution 4 25 Give examples and suggest reasons for the following features of the transition metal chemistry: (i) The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is amphoteric/acidic
1
4481-4484
Which one of these is the most stable in aqueous solution 4 25 Give examples and suggest reasons for the following features of the transition metal chemistry: (i) The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is amphoteric/acidic (ii) A transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides
1
4482-4485
4 25 Give examples and suggest reasons for the following features of the transition metal chemistry: (i) The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is amphoteric/acidic (ii) A transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides (iii) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal
1
4483-4486
25 Give examples and suggest reasons for the following features of the transition metal chemistry: (i) The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is amphoteric/acidic (ii) A transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides (iii) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal 4
1
4484-4487
(ii) A transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides (iii) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal 4 26 Indicate the steps in the preparation of: (i) K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore
1
4485-4488
(iii) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal 4 26 Indicate the steps in the preparation of: (i) K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore (ii) KMnO4 from pyrolusite ore
1
4486-4489
4 26 Indicate the steps in the preparation of: (i) K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore (ii) KMnO4 from pyrolusite ore 4
1
4487-4490
26 Indicate the steps in the preparation of: (i) K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore (ii) KMnO4 from pyrolusite ore 4 27 What are alloys
1
4488-4491
(ii) KMnO4 from pyrolusite ore 4 27 What are alloys Name an important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid metals
1
4489-4492
4 27 What are alloys Name an important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid metals Mention its uses
1
4490-4493
27 What are alloys Name an important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid metals Mention its uses 4
1
4491-4494
Name an important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid metals Mention its uses 4 28 What are inner transition elements
1
4492-4495
Mention its uses 4 28 What are inner transition elements Decide which of the following atomic numbers are the atomic numbers of the inner transition elements : 29, 59, 74, 95, 102, 104
1
4493-4496
4 28 What are inner transition elements Decide which of the following atomic numbers are the atomic numbers of the inner transition elements : 29, 59, 74, 95, 102, 104 4
1
4494-4497
28 What are inner transition elements Decide which of the following atomic numbers are the atomic numbers of the inner transition elements : 29, 59, 74, 95, 102, 104 4 29 The chemistry of the actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the lanthanoids
1
4495-4498
Decide which of the following atomic numbers are the atomic numbers of the inner transition elements : 29, 59, 74, 95, 102, 104 4 29 The chemistry of the actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the lanthanoids Justify this statement by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements
1
4496-4499
4 29 The chemistry of the actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the lanthanoids Justify this statement by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements 4
1
4497-4500
29 The chemistry of the actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the lanthanoids Justify this statement by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements 4 30 Which is the last element in the series of the actinoids
1
4498-4501
Justify this statement by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements 4 30 Which is the last element in the series of the actinoids Write the electronic configuration of this element
1
4499-4502
4 30 Which is the last element in the series of the actinoids Write the electronic configuration of this element Comment on the possible oxidation state of this element
1
4500-4503
30 Which is the last element in the series of the actinoids Write the electronic configuration of this element Comment on the possible oxidation state of this element Rationalised 2023-24 117 The d- and f- Block Elements Answers to Some Intext Questions 4
1
4501-4504
Write the electronic configuration of this element Comment on the possible oxidation state of this element Rationalised 2023-24 117 The d- and f- Block Elements Answers to Some Intext Questions 4 1 Silver (Z = 47) can exhibit +2 oxidation state wherein it will have incompletely filled d-orbitals (4d), hence a transition element
1
4502-4505
Comment on the possible oxidation state of this element Rationalised 2023-24 117 The d- and f- Block Elements Answers to Some Intext Questions 4 1 Silver (Z = 47) can exhibit +2 oxidation state wherein it will have incompletely filled d-orbitals (4d), hence a transition element 4
1
4503-4506
Rationalised 2023-24 117 The d- and f- Block Elements Answers to Some Intext Questions 4 1 Silver (Z = 47) can exhibit +2 oxidation state wherein it will have incompletely filled d-orbitals (4d), hence a transition element 4 2 In the formation of metallic bonds, no eletrons from 3d-orbitals are involved in case of zinc, while in all other metals of the 3d series, electrons from the d-orbitals are always involved in the formation of metallic bonds
1
4504-4507
1 Silver (Z = 47) can exhibit +2 oxidation state wherein it will have incompletely filled d-orbitals (4d), hence a transition element 4 2 In the formation of metallic bonds, no eletrons from 3d-orbitals are involved in case of zinc, while in all other metals of the 3d series, electrons from the d-orbitals are always involved in the formation of metallic bonds 4