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1 | 4605-4608 | 2NH3
0
Example 5 1
Example 5 1
Example 5 1
Example 5 |
1 | 4606-4609 | 1
Example 5 1
Example 5 1
Example 5 1
Example 5 |
1 | 4607-4610 | 1
Example 5 1
Example 5 1
Example 5 1
Werner
Werner
Werner
Werner
Werner was born on December 12, 1866, in Mülhouse,
a small community in the French province of Alsace |
1 | 4608-4611 | 1
Example 5 1
Example 5 1
Werner
Werner
Werner
Werner
Werner was born on December 12, 1866, in Mülhouse,
a small community in the French province of Alsace His study of chemistry began in Karlsruhe (Germany)
and continued in Zurich (Switzerland), where in his
doctoral thesis in 1890, he explained the difference in
properties of certain nitrogen containing organic
substances on the basis of isomerism |
1 | 4609-4612 | 1
Example 5 1
Werner
Werner
Werner
Werner
Werner was born on December 12, 1866, in Mülhouse,
a small community in the French province of Alsace His study of chemistry began in Karlsruhe (Germany)
and continued in Zurich (Switzerland), where in his
doctoral thesis in 1890, he explained the difference in
properties of certain nitrogen containing organic
substances on the basis of isomerism He extended vant
Hoff’s theory of tetrahedral carbon atom and modified
it for nitrogen |
1 | 4610-4613 | 1
Werner
Werner
Werner
Werner
Werner was born on December 12, 1866, in Mülhouse,
a small community in the French province of Alsace His study of chemistry began in Karlsruhe (Germany)
and continued in Zurich (Switzerland), where in his
doctoral thesis in 1890, he explained the difference in
properties of certain nitrogen containing organic
substances on the basis of isomerism He extended vant
Hoff’s theory of tetrahedral carbon atom and modified
it for nitrogen Werner showed optical and electrical differences between
complex compounds based on physical measurements |
1 | 4611-4614 | His study of chemistry began in Karlsruhe (Germany)
and continued in Zurich (Switzerland), where in his
doctoral thesis in 1890, he explained the difference in
properties of certain nitrogen containing organic
substances on the basis of isomerism He extended vant
Hoff’s theory of tetrahedral carbon atom and modified
it for nitrogen Werner showed optical and electrical differences between
complex compounds based on physical measurements In fact, Werner was
the first to discover optical activity in certain coordination compounds |
1 | 4612-4615 | He extended vant
Hoff’s theory of tetrahedral carbon atom and modified
it for nitrogen Werner showed optical and electrical differences between
complex compounds based on physical measurements In fact, Werner was
the first to discover optical activity in certain coordination compounds He, at the age of 29 years became a full professor at Technische
Hochschule in Zurich in 1895 |
1 | 4613-4616 | Werner showed optical and electrical differences between
complex compounds based on physical measurements In fact, Werner was
the first to discover optical activity in certain coordination compounds He, at the age of 29 years became a full professor at Technische
Hochschule in Zurich in 1895 Alfred Werner was a chemist and educationist |
1 | 4614-4617 | In fact, Werner was
the first to discover optical activity in certain coordination compounds He, at the age of 29 years became a full professor at Technische
Hochschule in Zurich in 1895 Alfred Werner was a chemist and educationist His accomplishments included the development of the theory of coordination
compounds |
1 | 4615-4618 | He, at the age of 29 years became a full professor at Technische
Hochschule in Zurich in 1895 Alfred Werner was a chemist and educationist His accomplishments included the development of the theory of coordination
compounds This theory, in which Werner proposed revolutionary ideas about
how atoms and molecules are linked together, was formulated in a span of
only three years, from 1890 to 1893 |
1 | 4616-4619 | Alfred Werner was a chemist and educationist His accomplishments included the development of the theory of coordination
compounds This theory, in which Werner proposed revolutionary ideas about
how atoms and molecules are linked together, was formulated in a span of
only three years, from 1890 to 1893 The remainder of his career was spent
gathering the experimental support required to validate his new ideas |
1 | 4617-4620 | His accomplishments included the development of the theory of coordination
compounds This theory, in which Werner proposed revolutionary ideas about
how atoms and molecules are linked together, was formulated in a span of
only three years, from 1890 to 1893 The remainder of his career was spent
gathering the experimental support required to validate his new ideas Werner
became the first Swiss chemist to win the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his work
on the linkage of atoms and the coordination theory |
1 | 4618-4621 | This theory, in which Werner proposed revolutionary ideas about
how atoms and molecules are linked together, was formulated in a span of
only three years, from 1890 to 1893 The remainder of his career was spent
gathering the experimental support required to validate his new ideas Werner
became the first Swiss chemist to win the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his work
on the linkage of atoms and the coordination theory (1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
Rationalised 2023-24
121
Coordination Compounds
( a ) Coordination entity
A coordination entity constitutes a central metal atom or ion bonded
to a fixed number of ions or molecules |
1 | 4619-4622 | The remainder of his career was spent
gathering the experimental support required to validate his new ideas Werner
became the first Swiss chemist to win the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his work
on the linkage of atoms and the coordination theory (1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
Rationalised 2023-24
121
Coordination Compounds
( a ) Coordination entity
A coordination entity constitutes a central metal atom or ion bonded
to a fixed number of ions or molecules For example, [CoCl3(NH3)3]
is a coordination entity in which the cobalt ion is surrounded by
three ammonia molecules and three chloride ions |
1 | 4620-4623 | Werner
became the first Swiss chemist to win the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his work
on the linkage of atoms and the coordination theory (1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
Rationalised 2023-24
121
Coordination Compounds
( a ) Coordination entity
A coordination entity constitutes a central metal atom or ion bonded
to a fixed number of ions or molecules For example, [CoCl3(NH3)3]
is a coordination entity in which the cobalt ion is surrounded by
three ammonia molecules and three chloride ions Other examples
are [Ni(CO)4], [PtCl2(NH3)2], [Fe(CN)6]
4–, [Co(NH3)6]
3+ |
1 | 4621-4624 | (1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
(1866-1919)
Rationalised 2023-24
121
Coordination Compounds
( a ) Coordination entity
A coordination entity constitutes a central metal atom or ion bonded
to a fixed number of ions or molecules For example, [CoCl3(NH3)3]
is a coordination entity in which the cobalt ion is surrounded by
three ammonia molecules and three chloride ions Other examples
are [Ni(CO)4], [PtCl2(NH3)2], [Fe(CN)6]
4–, [Co(NH3)6]
3+ (b) Central atom/ion
In a coordination entity, the atom/ion to which a fixed number
of ions/groups are bound in a definite geometrical arrangement
around it, is called the central atom or ion |
1 | 4622-4625 | For example, [CoCl3(NH3)3]
is a coordination entity in which the cobalt ion is surrounded by
three ammonia molecules and three chloride ions Other examples
are [Ni(CO)4], [PtCl2(NH3)2], [Fe(CN)6]
4–, [Co(NH3)6]
3+ (b) Central atom/ion
In a coordination entity, the atom/ion to which a fixed number
of ions/groups are bound in a definite geometrical arrangement
around it, is called the central atom or ion For example, the
central atom/ion in the coordination entities: [NiCl2(H2O)4],
[CoCl(NH3)5]
2+ and [Fe(CN)6]
3– are Ni
2+, Co
3+ and Fe
3+, respectively |
1 | 4623-4626 | Other examples
are [Ni(CO)4], [PtCl2(NH3)2], [Fe(CN)6]
4–, [Co(NH3)6]
3+ (b) Central atom/ion
In a coordination entity, the atom/ion to which a fixed number
of ions/groups are bound in a definite geometrical arrangement
around it, is called the central atom or ion For example, the
central atom/ion in the coordination entities: [NiCl2(H2O)4],
[CoCl(NH3)5]
2+ and [Fe(CN)6]
3– are Ni
2+, Co
3+ and Fe
3+, respectively These central atoms/ions are also referred to as Lewis acids |
1 | 4624-4627 | (b) Central atom/ion
In a coordination entity, the atom/ion to which a fixed number
of ions/groups are bound in a definite geometrical arrangement
around it, is called the central atom or ion For example, the
central atom/ion in the coordination entities: [NiCl2(H2O)4],
[CoCl(NH3)5]
2+ and [Fe(CN)6]
3– are Ni
2+, Co
3+ and Fe
3+, respectively These central atoms/ions are also referred to as Lewis acids ( c ) Ligands
The ions or molecules bound to the central atom/ion in the
coordination entity are called ligands |
1 | 4625-4628 | For example, the
central atom/ion in the coordination entities: [NiCl2(H2O)4],
[CoCl(NH3)5]
2+ and [Fe(CN)6]
3– are Ni
2+, Co
3+ and Fe
3+, respectively These central atoms/ions are also referred to as Lewis acids ( c ) Ligands
The ions or molecules bound to the central atom/ion in the
coordination entity are called ligands These may be simple ions
such as Cl
–, small molecules such as H2O or NH3, larger molecules
such as H2NCH2CH2NH2 or N(CH2CH2NH2)3 or even macromolecules,
such as proteins |
1 | 4626-4629 | These central atoms/ions are also referred to as Lewis acids ( c ) Ligands
The ions or molecules bound to the central atom/ion in the
coordination entity are called ligands These may be simple ions
such as Cl
–, small molecules such as H2O or NH3, larger molecules
such as H2NCH2CH2NH2 or N(CH2CH2NH2)3 or even macromolecules,
such as proteins When a ligand is bound to a metal ion through a single donor
atom, as with Cl
–, H2O or NH3, the ligand is said to be unidentate |
1 | 4627-4630 | ( c ) Ligands
The ions or molecules bound to the central atom/ion in the
coordination entity are called ligands These may be simple ions
such as Cl
–, small molecules such as H2O or NH3, larger molecules
such as H2NCH2CH2NH2 or N(CH2CH2NH2)3 or even macromolecules,
such as proteins When a ligand is bound to a metal ion through a single donor
atom, as with Cl
–, H2O or NH3, the ligand is said to be unidentate When a ligand can bind through two donor atoms as in
H2NCH2CH2NH2 (ethane-1,2-diamine) or C2O4
2– (oxalate), the
ligand is said to be didentate and when several donor atoms are
present in a single ligand as in N(CH2CH2NH2)3, the ligand is said
to be polydentate |
1 | 4628-4631 | These may be simple ions
such as Cl
–, small molecules such as H2O or NH3, larger molecules
such as H2NCH2CH2NH2 or N(CH2CH2NH2)3 or even macromolecules,
such as proteins When a ligand is bound to a metal ion through a single donor
atom, as with Cl
–, H2O or NH3, the ligand is said to be unidentate When a ligand can bind through two donor atoms as in
H2NCH2CH2NH2 (ethane-1,2-diamine) or C2O4
2– (oxalate), the
ligand is said to be didentate and when several donor atoms are
present in a single ligand as in N(CH2CH2NH2)3, the ligand is said
to be polydentate Ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion (EDTA
4–) is
an important hexadentate ligand |
1 | 4629-4632 | When a ligand is bound to a metal ion through a single donor
atom, as with Cl
–, H2O or NH3, the ligand is said to be unidentate When a ligand can bind through two donor atoms as in
H2NCH2CH2NH2 (ethane-1,2-diamine) or C2O4
2– (oxalate), the
ligand is said to be didentate and when several donor atoms are
present in a single ligand as in N(CH2CH2NH2)3, the ligand is said
to be polydentate Ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion (EDTA
4–) is
an important hexadentate ligand It can bind through two
nitrogen and four oxygen atoms to a central metal ion |
1 | 4630-4633 | When a ligand can bind through two donor atoms as in
H2NCH2CH2NH2 (ethane-1,2-diamine) or C2O4
2– (oxalate), the
ligand is said to be didentate and when several donor atoms are
present in a single ligand as in N(CH2CH2NH2)3, the ligand is said
to be polydentate Ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion (EDTA
4–) is
an important hexadentate ligand It can bind through two
nitrogen and four oxygen atoms to a central metal ion When a di- or polydentate ligand uses its two or more donor
atoms simultaneously to bind a single metal ion, it is said to be a
chelate ligand |
1 | 4631-4634 | Ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion (EDTA
4–) is
an important hexadentate ligand It can bind through two
nitrogen and four oxygen atoms to a central metal ion When a di- or polydentate ligand uses its two or more donor
atoms simultaneously to bind a single metal ion, it is said to be a
chelate ligand The number of such ligating groups is called the
denticity of the ligand |
1 | 4632-4635 | It can bind through two
nitrogen and four oxygen atoms to a central metal ion When a di- or polydentate ligand uses its two or more donor
atoms simultaneously to bind a single metal ion, it is said to be a
chelate ligand The number of such ligating groups is called the
denticity of the ligand Such complexes, called chelate complexes
tend to be more stable than similar complexes containing unidentate
ligands |
1 | 4633-4636 | When a di- or polydentate ligand uses its two or more donor
atoms simultaneously to bind a single metal ion, it is said to be a
chelate ligand The number of such ligating groups is called the
denticity of the ligand Such complexes, called chelate complexes
tend to be more stable than similar complexes containing unidentate
ligands Ligand which has two different donor atoms and either of
the two ligetes in the complex is called ambidentate
ligand |
1 | 4634-4637 | The number of such ligating groups is called the
denticity of the ligand Such complexes, called chelate complexes
tend to be more stable than similar complexes containing unidentate
ligands Ligand which has two different donor atoms and either of
the two ligetes in the complex is called ambidentate
ligand Examples of such ligands are the NO2
– and
SCN
– ions |
1 | 4635-4638 | Such complexes, called chelate complexes
tend to be more stable than similar complexes containing unidentate
ligands Ligand which has two different donor atoms and either of
the two ligetes in the complex is called ambidentate
ligand Examples of such ligands are the NO2
– and
SCN
– ions NO2
– ion can coordinate either through
nitrogen or through oxygen to a central metal
atom/ion |
1 | 4636-4639 | Ligand which has two different donor atoms and either of
the two ligetes in the complex is called ambidentate
ligand Examples of such ligands are the NO2
– and
SCN
– ions NO2
– ion can coordinate either through
nitrogen or through oxygen to a central metal
atom/ion Similarly, SCN
– ion can coordinate through the
sulphur or nitrogen atom |
1 | 4637-4640 | Examples of such ligands are the NO2
– and
SCN
– ions NO2
– ion can coordinate either through
nitrogen or through oxygen to a central metal
atom/ion Similarly, SCN
– ion can coordinate through the
sulphur or nitrogen atom ( d ) Coordination number
The coordination number (CN) of a metal ion in a complex can be
defined as the number of ligand donor atoms to which the metal is
directly bonded |
1 | 4638-4641 | NO2
– ion can coordinate either through
nitrogen or through oxygen to a central metal
atom/ion Similarly, SCN
– ion can coordinate through the
sulphur or nitrogen atom ( d ) Coordination number
The coordination number (CN) of a metal ion in a complex can be
defined as the number of ligand donor atoms to which the metal is
directly bonded For example, in the complex ions, [PtCl6]
2– and
[Ni(NH3)4]
2+, the coordination number of Pt and Ni are 6 and 4
respectively |
1 | 4639-4642 | Similarly, SCN
– ion can coordinate through the
sulphur or nitrogen atom ( d ) Coordination number
The coordination number (CN) of a metal ion in a complex can be
defined as the number of ligand donor atoms to which the metal is
directly bonded For example, in the complex ions, [PtCl6]
2– and
[Ni(NH3)4]
2+, the coordination number of Pt and Ni are 6 and 4
respectively Similarly, in the complex ions, [Fe(C2O4)3]
3– and
[Co(en)3]
3+, the coordination number of both, Fe and Co, is 6 because
C2O4
2– and en (ethane-1,2-diamine) are didentate ligands |
1 | 4640-4643 | ( d ) Coordination number
The coordination number (CN) of a metal ion in a complex can be
defined as the number of ligand donor atoms to which the metal is
directly bonded For example, in the complex ions, [PtCl6]
2– and
[Ni(NH3)4]
2+, the coordination number of Pt and Ni are 6 and 4
respectively Similarly, in the complex ions, [Fe(C2O4)3]
3– and
[Co(en)3]
3+, the coordination number of both, Fe and Co, is 6 because
C2O4
2– and en (ethane-1,2-diamine) are didentate ligands 5 |
1 | 4641-4644 | For example, in the complex ions, [PtCl6]
2– and
[Ni(NH3)4]
2+, the coordination number of Pt and Ni are 6 and 4
respectively Similarly, in the complex ions, [Fe(C2O4)3]
3– and
[Co(en)3]
3+, the coordination number of both, Fe and Co, is 6 because
C2O4
2– and en (ethane-1,2-diamine) are didentate ligands 5 2
5 |
1 | 4642-4645 | Similarly, in the complex ions, [Fe(C2O4)3]
3– and
[Co(en)3]
3+, the coordination number of both, Fe and Co, is 6 because
C2O4
2– and en (ethane-1,2-diamine) are didentate ligands 5 2
5 2
5 |
1 | 4643-4646 | 5 2
5 2
5 2
5 |
1 | 4644-4647 | 2
5 2
5 2
5 2
5 |
1 | 4645-4648 | 2
5 2
5 2
5 2 Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Some
Some
Some
Some
Some
Important
Important
Important
Important
Important
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Rationalised 2023-24
122
Chemistry
It is important to note here that coordination number of the central
atom/ion is determined only by the number of sigma bonds formed by
the ligand with the central atom/ion |
1 | 4646-4649 | 2
5 2
5 2 Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Some
Some
Some
Some
Some
Important
Important
Important
Important
Important
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Rationalised 2023-24
122
Chemistry
It is important to note here that coordination number of the central
atom/ion is determined only by the number of sigma bonds formed by
the ligand with the central atom/ion Pi bonds, if formed between the
ligand and the central atom/ion, are not counted for this purpose |
1 | 4647-4650 | 2
5 2 Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Some
Some
Some
Some
Some
Important
Important
Important
Important
Important
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Rationalised 2023-24
122
Chemistry
It is important to note here that coordination number of the central
atom/ion is determined only by the number of sigma bonds formed by
the ligand with the central atom/ion Pi bonds, if formed between the
ligand and the central atom/ion, are not counted for this purpose (e) Coordination sphere
The central atom/ion and the ligands attached to it are enclosed in
square bracket and is collectively termed as the coordination
sphere |
1 | 4648-4651 | 2 Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Definitions of
Some
Some
Some
Some
Some
Important
Important
Important
Important
Important
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Pertaining to
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Rationalised 2023-24
122
Chemistry
It is important to note here that coordination number of the central
atom/ion is determined only by the number of sigma bonds formed by
the ligand with the central atom/ion Pi bonds, if formed between the
ligand and the central atom/ion, are not counted for this purpose (e) Coordination sphere
The central atom/ion and the ligands attached to it are enclosed in
square bracket and is collectively termed as the coordination
sphere The ionisable groups are written outside the bracket and
are called counter ions |
1 | 4649-4652 | Pi bonds, if formed between the
ligand and the central atom/ion, are not counted for this purpose (e) Coordination sphere
The central atom/ion and the ligands attached to it are enclosed in
square bracket and is collectively termed as the coordination
sphere The ionisable groups are written outside the bracket and
are called counter ions For example, in the complex K4[Fe(CN)6],
the coordination sphere is [Fe(CN)6]
4– and the counter ion is K
+ |
1 | 4650-4653 | (e) Coordination sphere
The central atom/ion and the ligands attached to it are enclosed in
square bracket and is collectively termed as the coordination
sphere The ionisable groups are written outside the bracket and
are called counter ions For example, in the complex K4[Fe(CN)6],
the coordination sphere is [Fe(CN)6]
4– and the counter ion is K
+ (f) Coordination polyhedron
The spatial arrangement of the ligand atoms which are directly
attached to the central atom/ion defines a coordination
polyhedron about the central atom |
1 | 4651-4654 | The ionisable groups are written outside the bracket and
are called counter ions For example, in the complex K4[Fe(CN)6],
the coordination sphere is [Fe(CN)6]
4– and the counter ion is K
+ (f) Coordination polyhedron
The spatial arrangement of the ligand atoms which are directly
attached to the central atom/ion defines a coordination
polyhedron about the central atom The most common
coordination polyhedra are octahedral, square planar and
tetrahedral |
1 | 4652-4655 | For example, in the complex K4[Fe(CN)6],
the coordination sphere is [Fe(CN)6]
4– and the counter ion is K
+ (f) Coordination polyhedron
The spatial arrangement of the ligand atoms which are directly
attached to the central atom/ion defines a coordination
polyhedron about the central atom The most common
coordination polyhedra are octahedral, square planar and
tetrahedral For example, [Co(NH3)6]
3+ is octahedral, [Ni(CO)4] is
tetrahedral and [PtCl4]
2– is square planar |
1 | 4653-4656 | (f) Coordination polyhedron
The spatial arrangement of the ligand atoms which are directly
attached to the central atom/ion defines a coordination
polyhedron about the central atom The most common
coordination polyhedra are octahedral, square planar and
tetrahedral For example, [Co(NH3)6]
3+ is octahedral, [Ni(CO)4] is
tetrahedral and [PtCl4]
2– is square planar Fig |
1 | 4654-4657 | The most common
coordination polyhedra are octahedral, square planar and
tetrahedral For example, [Co(NH3)6]
3+ is octahedral, [Ni(CO)4] is
tetrahedral and [PtCl4]
2– is square planar Fig 5 |
1 | 4655-4658 | For example, [Co(NH3)6]
3+ is octahedral, [Ni(CO)4] is
tetrahedral and [PtCl4]
2– is square planar Fig 5 1 shows the
shapes of different coordination polyhedra |
1 | 4656-4659 | Fig 5 1 shows the
shapes of different coordination polyhedra 5 |
1 | 4657-4660 | 5 1 shows the
shapes of different coordination polyhedra 5 3
5 |
1 | 4658-4661 | 1 shows the
shapes of different coordination polyhedra 5 3
5 3
5 |
1 | 4659-4662 | 5 3
5 3
5 3
5 |
1 | 4660-4663 | 3
5 3
5 3
5 3
5 |
1 | 4661-4664 | 3
5 3
5 3
5 3 Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
ofofofofofNomenclature
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
(g) Oxidation number of central atom
The oxidation number of the central atom in a complex is defined
as the charge it would carry if all the ligands are removed along
with the electron pairs that are shared with the central atom |
1 | 4662-4665 | 3
5 3
5 3 Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
ofofofofofNomenclature
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
(g) Oxidation number of central atom
The oxidation number of the central atom in a complex is defined
as the charge it would carry if all the ligands are removed along
with the electron pairs that are shared with the central atom The
oxidation number is represented by a Roman numeral in parenthesis
following the name of the coordination entity |
1 | 4663-4666 | 3
5 3 Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
ofofofofofNomenclature
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
(g) Oxidation number of central atom
The oxidation number of the central atom in a complex is defined
as the charge it would carry if all the ligands are removed along
with the electron pairs that are shared with the central atom The
oxidation number is represented by a Roman numeral in parenthesis
following the name of the coordination entity For example, oxidation
number of copper in [Cu(CN)4]
3– is +1 and it is written as Cu(I) |
1 | 4664-4667 | 3 Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
ofofofofofNomenclature
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
(g) Oxidation number of central atom
The oxidation number of the central atom in a complex is defined
as the charge it would carry if all the ligands are removed along
with the electron pairs that are shared with the central atom The
oxidation number is represented by a Roman numeral in parenthesis
following the name of the coordination entity For example, oxidation
number of copper in [Cu(CN)4]
3– is +1 and it is written as Cu(I) ( h ) Homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes
Complexes in which a metal is bound to only one kind of donor
groups, e |
1 | 4665-4668 | The
oxidation number is represented by a Roman numeral in parenthesis
following the name of the coordination entity For example, oxidation
number of copper in [Cu(CN)4]
3– is +1 and it is written as Cu(I) ( h ) Homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes
Complexes in which a metal is bound to only one kind of donor
groups, e g |
1 | 4666-4669 | For example, oxidation
number of copper in [Cu(CN)4]
3– is +1 and it is written as Cu(I) ( h ) Homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes
Complexes in which a metal is bound to only one kind of donor
groups, e g , [Co(NH3)6]
3+, are known as homoleptic |
1 | 4667-4670 | ( h ) Homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes
Complexes in which a metal is bound to only one kind of donor
groups, e g , [Co(NH3)6]
3+, are known as homoleptic Complexes in
which a metal is bound to more than one kind of donor groups,
e |
1 | 4668-4671 | g , [Co(NH3)6]
3+, are known as homoleptic Complexes in
which a metal is bound to more than one kind of donor groups,
e g |
1 | 4669-4672 | , [Co(NH3)6]
3+, are known as homoleptic Complexes in
which a metal is bound to more than one kind of donor groups,
e g , [Co(NH3)4Cl2]
+, are known as heteroleptic |
1 | 4670-4673 | Complexes in
which a metal is bound to more than one kind of donor groups,
e g , [Co(NH3)4Cl2]
+, are known as heteroleptic Nomenclature is important in Coordination Chemistry because of the
need to have an unambiguous method of describing formulas and
writing systematic names, particularly when dealing with isomers |
1 | 4671-4674 | g , [Co(NH3)4Cl2]
+, are known as heteroleptic Nomenclature is important in Coordination Chemistry because of the
need to have an unambiguous method of describing formulas and
writing systematic names, particularly when dealing with isomers The
formulas and names adopted for coordination entities are based on the
recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC) |
1 | 4672-4675 | , [Co(NH3)4Cl2]
+, are known as heteroleptic Nomenclature is important in Coordination Chemistry because of the
need to have an unambiguous method of describing formulas and
writing systematic names, particularly when dealing with isomers The
formulas and names adopted for coordination entities are based on the
recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC) Fig |
1 | 4673-4676 | Nomenclature is important in Coordination Chemistry because of the
need to have an unambiguous method of describing formulas and
writing systematic names, particularly when dealing with isomers The
formulas and names adopted for coordination entities are based on the
recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC) Fig 5 |
1 | 4674-4677 | The
formulas and names adopted for coordination entities are based on the
recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC) Fig 5 1: Shapes of different coordination polyhedra |
1 | 4675-4678 | Fig 5 1: Shapes of different coordination polyhedra M
represents the central atom/ion and L, a unidentate
ligand |
1 | 4676-4679 | 5 1: Shapes of different coordination polyhedra M
represents the central atom/ion and L, a unidentate
ligand Rationalised 2023-24
123
Coordination Compounds
The formula of a compound is a shorthand tool used to provide basic
information about the constitution of the compound in a concise and
convenient manner |
1 | 4677-4680 | 1: Shapes of different coordination polyhedra M
represents the central atom/ion and L, a unidentate
ligand Rationalised 2023-24
123
Coordination Compounds
The formula of a compound is a shorthand tool used to provide basic
information about the constitution of the compound in a concise and
convenient manner Mononuclear coordination entities contain a single
central metal atom |
1 | 4678-4681 | M
represents the central atom/ion and L, a unidentate
ligand Rationalised 2023-24
123
Coordination Compounds
The formula of a compound is a shorthand tool used to provide basic
information about the constitution of the compound in a concise and
convenient manner Mononuclear coordination entities contain a single
central metal atom The following rules are applied while writing the formulas:
(i) The central atom is listed first |
1 | 4679-4682 | Rationalised 2023-24
123
Coordination Compounds
The formula of a compound is a shorthand tool used to provide basic
information about the constitution of the compound in a concise and
convenient manner Mononuclear coordination entities contain a single
central metal atom The following rules are applied while writing the formulas:
(i) The central atom is listed first (ii) The ligands are then listed in alphabetical order |
1 | 4680-4683 | Mononuclear coordination entities contain a single
central metal atom The following rules are applied while writing the formulas:
(i) The central atom is listed first (ii) The ligands are then listed in alphabetical order The placement of
a ligand in the list does not depend on its charge |
1 | 4681-4684 | The following rules are applied while writing the formulas:
(i) The central atom is listed first (ii) The ligands are then listed in alphabetical order The placement of
a ligand in the list does not depend on its charge (iii) Polydentate ligands are also listed alphabetically |
1 | 4682-4685 | (ii) The ligands are then listed in alphabetical order The placement of
a ligand in the list does not depend on its charge (iii) Polydentate ligands are also listed alphabetically In case of
abbreviated ligand, the first letter of the abbreviation is used to
determine the position of the ligand in the alphabetical order |
1 | 4683-4686 | The placement of
a ligand in the list does not depend on its charge (iii) Polydentate ligands are also listed alphabetically In case of
abbreviated ligand, the first letter of the abbreviation is used to
determine the position of the ligand in the alphabetical order (iv) The formula for the entire coordination entity, whether charged or
not, is enclosed in square brackets |
1 | 4684-4687 | (iii) Polydentate ligands are also listed alphabetically In case of
abbreviated ligand, the first letter of the abbreviation is used to
determine the position of the ligand in the alphabetical order (iv) The formula for the entire coordination entity, whether charged or
not, is enclosed in square brackets When ligands are polyatomic,
their formulas are enclosed in parentheses |
1 | 4685-4688 | In case of
abbreviated ligand, the first letter of the abbreviation is used to
determine the position of the ligand in the alphabetical order (iv) The formula for the entire coordination entity, whether charged or
not, is enclosed in square brackets When ligands are polyatomic,
their formulas are enclosed in parentheses Ligand abbreviations
are also enclosed in parentheses |
1 | 4686-4689 | (iv) The formula for the entire coordination entity, whether charged or
not, is enclosed in square brackets When ligands are polyatomic,
their formulas are enclosed in parentheses Ligand abbreviations
are also enclosed in parentheses (v) There should be no space between the ligands and the metal
within a coordination sphere |
1 | 4687-4690 | When ligands are polyatomic,
their formulas are enclosed in parentheses Ligand abbreviations
are also enclosed in parentheses (v) There should be no space between the ligands and the metal
within a coordination sphere (vi) When the formula of a charged coordination entity is to be written
without that of the counter ion, the charge is indicated outside the
square brackets as a right superscript with the number before the
sign |
1 | 4688-4691 | Ligand abbreviations
are also enclosed in parentheses (v) There should be no space between the ligands and the metal
within a coordination sphere (vi) When the formula of a charged coordination entity is to be written
without that of the counter ion, the charge is indicated outside the
square brackets as a right superscript with the number before the
sign For example, [Co(CN)6]
3–, [Cr(H2O)6]
3+, etc |
1 | 4689-4692 | (v) There should be no space between the ligands and the metal
within a coordination sphere (vi) When the formula of a charged coordination entity is to be written
without that of the counter ion, the charge is indicated outside the
square brackets as a right superscript with the number before the
sign For example, [Co(CN)6]
3–, [Cr(H2O)6]
3+, etc (vii) The charge of the cation(s) is balanced by the charge of the anion(s) |
1 | 4690-4693 | (vi) When the formula of a charged coordination entity is to be written
without that of the counter ion, the charge is indicated outside the
square brackets as a right superscript with the number before the
sign For example, [Co(CN)6]
3–, [Cr(H2O)6]
3+, etc (vii) The charge of the cation(s) is balanced by the charge of the anion(s) The names of coordination compounds are derived by following the
principles of additive nomenclature |
1 | 4691-4694 | For example, [Co(CN)6]
3–, [Cr(H2O)6]
3+, etc (vii) The charge of the cation(s) is balanced by the charge of the anion(s) The names of coordination compounds are derived by following the
principles of additive nomenclature Thus, the groups that surround the
central atom must be identified in the name |
1 | 4692-4695 | (vii) The charge of the cation(s) is balanced by the charge of the anion(s) The names of coordination compounds are derived by following the
principles of additive nomenclature Thus, the groups that surround the
central atom must be identified in the name They are listed as prefixes
to the name of the central atom along with any appropriate multipliers |
1 | 4693-4696 | The names of coordination compounds are derived by following the
principles of additive nomenclature Thus, the groups that surround the
central atom must be identified in the name They are listed as prefixes
to the name of the central atom along with any appropriate multipliers The following rules are used when naming coordination compounds:
(i) The cation is named first in both positively and negatively charged
coordination entities |
1 | 4694-4697 | Thus, the groups that surround the
central atom must be identified in the name They are listed as prefixes
to the name of the central atom along with any appropriate multipliers The following rules are used when naming coordination compounds:
(i) The cation is named first in both positively and negatively charged
coordination entities (ii) The ligands are named in an alphabetical order before the name of the
central atom/ion |
1 | 4695-4698 | They are listed as prefixes
to the name of the central atom along with any appropriate multipliers The following rules are used when naming coordination compounds:
(i) The cation is named first in both positively and negatively charged
coordination entities (ii) The ligands are named in an alphabetical order before the name of the
central atom/ion (This procedure is reversed from writing formula) |
1 | 4696-4699 | The following rules are used when naming coordination compounds:
(i) The cation is named first in both positively and negatively charged
coordination entities (ii) The ligands are named in an alphabetical order before the name of the
central atom/ion (This procedure is reversed from writing formula) (iii) Names of the anionic ligands end in –o, those of neutral and cationic
ligands are the same except aqua for H2O, ammine for NH3, carbonyl
for CO and nitrosyl for NO |
1 | 4697-4700 | (ii) The ligands are named in an alphabetical order before the name of the
central atom/ion (This procedure is reversed from writing formula) (iii) Names of the anionic ligands end in –o, those of neutral and cationic
ligands are the same except aqua for H2O, ammine for NH3, carbonyl
for CO and nitrosyl for NO While writing the formula of coordination
entity, these are enclosed in brackets ( ) |
1 | 4698-4701 | (This procedure is reversed from writing formula) (iii) Names of the anionic ligands end in –o, those of neutral and cationic
ligands are the same except aqua for H2O, ammine for NH3, carbonyl
for CO and nitrosyl for NO While writing the formula of coordination
entity, these are enclosed in brackets ( ) (iv) Prefixes mono, di, tri, etc |
1 | 4699-4702 | (iii) Names of the anionic ligands end in –o, those of neutral and cationic
ligands are the same except aqua for H2O, ammine for NH3, carbonyl
for CO and nitrosyl for NO While writing the formula of coordination
entity, these are enclosed in brackets ( ) (iv) Prefixes mono, di, tri, etc , are used to indicate the number of the
individual ligands in the coordination entity |
1 | 4700-4703 | While writing the formula of coordination
entity, these are enclosed in brackets ( ) (iv) Prefixes mono, di, tri, etc , are used to indicate the number of the
individual ligands in the coordination entity When the names of
the ligands include a numerical prefix, then the terms, bis, tris,
tetrakis are used, the ligand to which they refer being placed in
parentheses |
1 | 4701-4704 | (iv) Prefixes mono, di, tri, etc , are used to indicate the number of the
individual ligands in the coordination entity When the names of
the ligands include a numerical prefix, then the terms, bis, tris,
tetrakis are used, the ligand to which they refer being placed in
parentheses For example, [NiCl2(PPh3)2] is named as
dichloridobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) |
1 | 4702-4705 | , are used to indicate the number of the
individual ligands in the coordination entity When the names of
the ligands include a numerical prefix, then the terms, bis, tris,
tetrakis are used, the ligand to which they refer being placed in
parentheses For example, [NiCl2(PPh3)2] is named as
dichloridobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) (v) Oxidation state of the metal in cation, anion or neutral coordination
entity is indicated by Roman numeral in parenthesis |
1 | 4703-4706 | When the names of
the ligands include a numerical prefix, then the terms, bis, tris,
tetrakis are used, the ligand to which they refer being placed in
parentheses For example, [NiCl2(PPh3)2] is named as
dichloridobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) (v) Oxidation state of the metal in cation, anion or neutral coordination
entity is indicated by Roman numeral in parenthesis (vi) If the complex ion is a cation, the metal is named same as the
element |
1 | 4704-4707 | For example, [NiCl2(PPh3)2] is named as
dichloridobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) (v) Oxidation state of the metal in cation, anion or neutral coordination
entity is indicated by Roman numeral in parenthesis (vi) If the complex ion is a cation, the metal is named same as the
element For example, Co in a complex cation is called cobalt and
Pt is called platinum |
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