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4705-4708
(v) Oxidation state of the metal in cation, anion or neutral coordination entity is indicated by Roman numeral in parenthesis (vi) If the complex ion is a cation, the metal is named same as the element For example, Co in a complex cation is called cobalt and Pt is called platinum If the complex ion is an anion, the name of the metal ends with the suffix – ate
1
4706-4709
(vi) If the complex ion is a cation, the metal is named same as the element For example, Co in a complex cation is called cobalt and Pt is called platinum If the complex ion is an anion, the name of the metal ends with the suffix – ate For example, Co in a complex anion,   2 Co SCN4      is called cobaltate
1
4707-4710
For example, Co in a complex cation is called cobalt and Pt is called platinum If the complex ion is an anion, the name of the metal ends with the suffix – ate For example, Co in a complex anion,   2 Co SCN4      is called cobaltate For some metals, the Latin names are used in the complex anions, e
1
4708-4711
If the complex ion is an anion, the name of the metal ends with the suffix – ate For example, Co in a complex anion,   2 Co SCN4      is called cobaltate For some metals, the Latin names are used in the complex anions, e g
1
4709-4712
For example, Co in a complex anion,   2 Co SCN4      is called cobaltate For some metals, the Latin names are used in the complex anions, e g , ferrate for Fe
1
4710-4713
For some metals, the Latin names are used in the complex anions, e g , ferrate for Fe 5
1
4711-4714
g , ferrate for Fe 5 3
1
4712-4715
, ferrate for Fe 5 3 2 Naming of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds Note: The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that ligands will be sorted alphabetically, irrespective of charge
1
4713-4716
5 3 2 Naming of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds Note: The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that ligands will be sorted alphabetically, irrespective of charge Note: The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that anionic ligands will end with–ido so that chloro would become chlorido, etc
1
4714-4717
3 2 Naming of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds Note: The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that ligands will be sorted alphabetically, irrespective of charge Note: The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that anionic ligands will end with–ido so that chloro would become chlorido, etc 5
1
4715-4718
2 Naming of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds Note: The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that ligands will be sorted alphabetically, irrespective of charge Note: The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that anionic ligands will end with–ido so that chloro would become chlorido, etc 5 3
1
4716-4719
Note: The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that anionic ligands will end with–ido so that chloro would become chlorido, etc 5 3 1 Formulas of Mononuclear Coordination Entities Rationalised 2023-24 124 Chemistry (vii) The neutral complex molecule is named similar to that of the complex cation
1
4717-4720
5 3 1 Formulas of Mononuclear Coordination Entities Rationalised 2023-24 124 Chemistry (vii) The neutral complex molecule is named similar to that of the complex cation The following examples illustrate the nomenclature for coordination compounds
1
4718-4721
3 1 Formulas of Mononuclear Coordination Entities Rationalised 2023-24 124 Chemistry (vii) The neutral complex molecule is named similar to that of the complex cation The following examples illustrate the nomenclature for coordination compounds 1
1
4719-4722
1 Formulas of Mononuclear Coordination Entities Rationalised 2023-24 124 Chemistry (vii) The neutral complex molecule is named similar to that of the complex cation The following examples illustrate the nomenclature for coordination compounds 1 [Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3]Cl3 is named as: triamminetriaquachromium(III) chloride Explanation: The complex ion is inside the square bracket, which is a cation
1
4720-4723
The following examples illustrate the nomenclature for coordination compounds 1 [Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3]Cl3 is named as: triamminetriaquachromium(III) chloride Explanation: The complex ion is inside the square bracket, which is a cation The amine ligands are named before the aqua ligands according to alphabetical order
1
4721-4724
1 [Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3]Cl3 is named as: triamminetriaquachromium(III) chloride Explanation: The complex ion is inside the square bracket, which is a cation The amine ligands are named before the aqua ligands according to alphabetical order Since there are three chloride ions in the compound, the charge on the complex ion must be +3 (since the compound is electrically neutral)
1
4722-4725
[Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3]Cl3 is named as: triamminetriaquachromium(III) chloride Explanation: The complex ion is inside the square bracket, which is a cation The amine ligands are named before the aqua ligands according to alphabetical order Since there are three chloride ions in the compound, the charge on the complex ion must be +3 (since the compound is electrically neutral) From the charge on the complex ion and the charge on the ligands, we can calculate the oxidation number of the metal
1
4723-4726
The amine ligands are named before the aqua ligands according to alphabetical order Since there are three chloride ions in the compound, the charge on the complex ion must be +3 (since the compound is electrically neutral) From the charge on the complex ion and the charge on the ligands, we can calculate the oxidation number of the metal In this example, all the ligands are neutral molecules
1
4724-4727
Since there are three chloride ions in the compound, the charge on the complex ion must be +3 (since the compound is electrically neutral) From the charge on the complex ion and the charge on the ligands, we can calculate the oxidation number of the metal In this example, all the ligands are neutral molecules Therefore, the oxidation number of chromium must be the same as the charge of the complex ion, +3
1
4725-4728
From the charge on the complex ion and the charge on the ligands, we can calculate the oxidation number of the metal In this example, all the ligands are neutral molecules Therefore, the oxidation number of chromium must be the same as the charge of the complex ion, +3 2
1
4726-4729
In this example, all the ligands are neutral molecules Therefore, the oxidation number of chromium must be the same as the charge of the complex ion, +3 2 [Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2(SO4)3 is named as: tris(ethane-1,2–diamine)cobalt(III) sulphate Explanation: The sulphate is the counter anion in this molecule
1
4727-4730
Therefore, the oxidation number of chromium must be the same as the charge of the complex ion, +3 2 [Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2(SO4)3 is named as: tris(ethane-1,2–diamine)cobalt(III) sulphate Explanation: The sulphate is the counter anion in this molecule Since it takes 3 sulphates to bond with two complex cations, the charge on each complex cation must be +3
1
4728-4731
2 [Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2(SO4)3 is named as: tris(ethane-1,2–diamine)cobalt(III) sulphate Explanation: The sulphate is the counter anion in this molecule Since it takes 3 sulphates to bond with two complex cations, the charge on each complex cation must be +3 Further, ethane-1,2– diamine is a neutral molecule, so the oxidation number of cobalt in the complex ion must be +3
1
4729-4732
[Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2(SO4)3 is named as: tris(ethane-1,2–diamine)cobalt(III) sulphate Explanation: The sulphate is the counter anion in this molecule Since it takes 3 sulphates to bond with two complex cations, the charge on each complex cation must be +3 Further, ethane-1,2– diamine is a neutral molecule, so the oxidation number of cobalt in the complex ion must be +3 Remember that you never have to indicate the number of cations and anions in the name of an ionic compound
1
4730-4733
Since it takes 3 sulphates to bond with two complex cations, the charge on each complex cation must be +3 Further, ethane-1,2– diamine is a neutral molecule, so the oxidation number of cobalt in the complex ion must be +3 Remember that you never have to indicate the number of cations and anions in the name of an ionic compound 3
1
4731-4734
Further, ethane-1,2– diamine is a neutral molecule, so the oxidation number of cobalt in the complex ion must be +3 Remember that you never have to indicate the number of cations and anions in the name of an ionic compound 3 [Ag(NH3)2][Ag(CN)2] is named as: diamminesilver(I) dicyanidoargentate(I) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (a) Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt(III) chloride (b) Potassium tetrahydroxidozincate(II) (c) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III) (d) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) (e) Tetracarbonylnickel(0) (a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2 (b) K2[Zn(OH)4] (c) K3[Al(C2O4)3] (d) [CoCl2(en)2]+ (e) [Ni(CO)4] Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (a) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)] (b) K3[Cr(C2O4)3] (c) [CoCl2(en)2]Cl (d) [Co(NH3)5(CO3)]Cl (e) Hg[Co(SCN)4] (a) Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II) (b) Potassium trioxalatochromate(III) (c) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride (d) Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt(III) chloride (e) Mercury (I) tetrathiocyanato-S-cobaltate(III) Example 5
1
4732-4735
Remember that you never have to indicate the number of cations and anions in the name of an ionic compound 3 [Ag(NH3)2][Ag(CN)2] is named as: diamminesilver(I) dicyanidoargentate(I) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (a) Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt(III) chloride (b) Potassium tetrahydroxidozincate(II) (c) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III) (d) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) (e) Tetracarbonylnickel(0) (a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2 (b) K2[Zn(OH)4] (c) K3[Al(C2O4)3] (d) [CoCl2(en)2]+ (e) [Ni(CO)4] Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (a) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)] (b) K3[Cr(C2O4)3] (c) [CoCl2(en)2]Cl (d) [Co(NH3)5(CO3)]Cl (e) Hg[Co(SCN)4] (a) Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II) (b) Potassium trioxalatochromate(III) (c) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride (d) Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt(III) chloride (e) Mercury (I) tetrathiocyanato-S-cobaltate(III) Example 5 2 Example 5
1
4733-4736
3 [Ag(NH3)2][Ag(CN)2] is named as: diamminesilver(I) dicyanidoargentate(I) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (a) Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt(III) chloride (b) Potassium tetrahydroxidozincate(II) (c) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III) (d) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) (e) Tetracarbonylnickel(0) (a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2 (b) K2[Zn(OH)4] (c) K3[Al(C2O4)3] (d) [CoCl2(en)2]+ (e) [Ni(CO)4] Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (a) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)] (b) K3[Cr(C2O4)3] (c) [CoCl2(en)2]Cl (d) [Co(NH3)5(CO3)]Cl (e) Hg[Co(SCN)4] (a) Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II) (b) Potassium trioxalatochromate(III) (c) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride (d) Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt(III) chloride (e) Mercury (I) tetrathiocyanato-S-cobaltate(III) Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Example 5
1
4734-4737
[Ag(NH3)2][Ag(CN)2] is named as: diamminesilver(I) dicyanidoargentate(I) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (a) Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt(III) chloride (b) Potassium tetrahydroxidozincate(II) (c) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III) (d) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) (e) Tetracarbonylnickel(0) (a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2 (b) K2[Zn(OH)4] (c) K3[Al(C2O4)3] (d) [CoCl2(en)2]+ (e) [Ni(CO)4] Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (a) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)] (b) K3[Cr(C2O4)3] (c) [CoCl2(en)2]Cl (d) [Co(NH3)5(CO3)]Cl (e) Hg[Co(SCN)4] (a) Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II) (b) Potassium trioxalatochromate(III) (c) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride (d) Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt(III) chloride (e) Mercury (I) tetrathiocyanato-S-cobaltate(III) Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Example 5
1
4735-4738
2 Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Example 5
1
4736-4739
2 Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Example 5
1
4737-4740
2 Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Example 5 3 Example 5
1
4738-4741
2 Example 5 2 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Example 5 3 Example 5 3 Example 5
1
4739-4742
2 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Example 5 3 Example 5 3 Example 5 3 Example 5
1
4740-4743
3 Example 5 3 Example 5 3 Example 5 3 Example 5
1
4741-4744
3 Example 5 3 Example 5 3 Example 5 3 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Notice how the name of the metal differs in cation and anion even though they contain the same metal ions
1
4742-4745
3 Example 5 3 Example 5 3 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Notice how the name of the metal differs in cation and anion even though they contain the same metal ions Rationalised 2023-24 125 Coordination Compounds Isomers are two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms
1
4743-4746
3 Example 5 3 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Notice how the name of the metal differs in cation and anion even though they contain the same metal ions Rationalised 2023-24 125 Coordination Compounds Isomers are two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms Because of the different arrangement of atoms, they differ in one or more physical or chemical properties
1
4744-4747
3 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Notice how the name of the metal differs in cation and anion even though they contain the same metal ions Rationalised 2023-24 125 Coordination Compounds Isomers are two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms Because of the different arrangement of atoms, they differ in one or more physical or chemical properties Two principal types of isomerism are known among coordination compounds
1
4745-4748
Rationalised 2023-24 125 Coordination Compounds Isomers are two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms Because of the different arrangement of atoms, they differ in one or more physical or chemical properties Two principal types of isomerism are known among coordination compounds Each of which can be further subdivided
1
4746-4749
Because of the different arrangement of atoms, they differ in one or more physical or chemical properties Two principal types of isomerism are known among coordination compounds Each of which can be further subdivided (a) Stereoisomerism (i) Geometrical isomerism (ii) Optical isomerism (b) Structural isomerism (i) Linkage isomerism (ii) Coordination isomerism (iii) Ionisation isomerism (iv) Solvate isomerism Stereoisomers have the same chemical formula and chemical bonds but they have different spatial arrangement
1
4747-4750
Two principal types of isomerism are known among coordination compounds Each of which can be further subdivided (a) Stereoisomerism (i) Geometrical isomerism (ii) Optical isomerism (b) Structural isomerism (i) Linkage isomerism (ii) Coordination isomerism (iii) Ionisation isomerism (iv) Solvate isomerism Stereoisomers have the same chemical formula and chemical bonds but they have different spatial arrangement Structural isomers have different bonds
1
4748-4751
Each of which can be further subdivided (a) Stereoisomerism (i) Geometrical isomerism (ii) Optical isomerism (b) Structural isomerism (i) Linkage isomerism (ii) Coordination isomerism (iii) Ionisation isomerism (iv) Solvate isomerism Stereoisomers have the same chemical formula and chemical bonds but they have different spatial arrangement Structural isomers have different bonds A detailed account of these isomers are given below
1
4749-4752
(a) Stereoisomerism (i) Geometrical isomerism (ii) Optical isomerism (b) Structural isomerism (i) Linkage isomerism (ii) Coordination isomerism (iii) Ionisation isomerism (iv) Solvate isomerism Stereoisomers have the same chemical formula and chemical bonds but they have different spatial arrangement Structural isomers have different bonds A detailed account of these isomers are given below This type of isomerism arises in heteroleptic complexes due to different possible geometric arrangements of the ligands
1
4750-4753
Structural isomers have different bonds A detailed account of these isomers are given below This type of isomerism arises in heteroleptic complexes due to different possible geometric arrangements of the ligands Important examples of this behaviour are found with coordination numbers 4 and 6
1
4751-4754
A detailed account of these isomers are given below This type of isomerism arises in heteroleptic complexes due to different possible geometric arrangements of the ligands Important examples of this behaviour are found with coordination numbers 4 and 6 In a square planar complex of formula [MX2L2] (X and L are unidentate), the two ligands X may be arranged adjacent to each other in a cis isomer, or opposite to each other in a trans isomer as depicted in Fig
1
4752-4755
This type of isomerism arises in heteroleptic complexes due to different possible geometric arrangements of the ligands Important examples of this behaviour are found with coordination numbers 4 and 6 In a square planar complex of formula [MX2L2] (X and L are unidentate), the two ligands X may be arranged adjacent to each other in a cis isomer, or opposite to each other in a trans isomer as depicted in Fig 5
1
4753-4756
Important examples of this behaviour are found with coordination numbers 4 and 6 In a square planar complex of formula [MX2L2] (X and L are unidentate), the two ligands X may be arranged adjacent to each other in a cis isomer, or opposite to each other in a trans isomer as depicted in Fig 5 2
1
4754-4757
In a square planar complex of formula [MX2L2] (X and L are unidentate), the two ligands X may be arranged adjacent to each other in a cis isomer, or opposite to each other in a trans isomer as depicted in Fig 5 2 Other square planar complex of the type MABXL (where A, B, X, L are unidentates) shows three isomers-two cis and one trans
1
4755-4758
5 2 Other square planar complex of the type MABXL (where A, B, X, L are unidentates) shows three isomers-two cis and one trans You may attempt to draw these structures
1
4756-4759
2 Other square planar complex of the type MABXL (where A, B, X, L are unidentates) shows three isomers-two cis and one trans You may attempt to draw these structures Such isomerism is not possible for a tetrahedral geometry but similar behaviour is possible in octahedral complexes of formula [MX2L4] in which the two ligands X may be oriented cis or trans to each other (Fig
1
4757-4760
Other square planar complex of the type MABXL (where A, B, X, L are unidentates) shows three isomers-two cis and one trans You may attempt to draw these structures Such isomerism is not possible for a tetrahedral geometry but similar behaviour is possible in octahedral complexes of formula [MX2L4] in which the two ligands X may be oriented cis or trans to each other (Fig 5
1
4758-4761
You may attempt to draw these structures Such isomerism is not possible for a tetrahedral geometry but similar behaviour is possible in octahedral complexes of formula [MX2L4] in which the two ligands X may be oriented cis or trans to each other (Fig 5 3)
1
4759-4762
Such isomerism is not possible for a tetrahedral geometry but similar behaviour is possible in octahedral complexes of formula [MX2L4] in which the two ligands X may be oriented cis or trans to each other (Fig 5 3) 5
1
4760-4763
5 3) 5 4 5
1
4761-4764
3) 5 4 5 4 5
1
4762-4765
5 4 5 4 5 4 5
1
4763-4766
4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5
1
4764-4767
4 5 4 5 4 5 4 Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Coordination Coordination Coordination Coordination Coordination Compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions 5
1
4765-4768
4 5 4 5 4 Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Coordination Coordination Coordination Coordination Coordination Compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions 5 1 Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride (ii) Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II) (iii) Tris(ethane–1,2–diamine) chromium(III) chloride (iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II) (v) Dichloridobis(ethane–1,2–diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate (vi) Iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II) 5
1
4766-4769
4 5 4 Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Coordination Coordination Coordination Coordination Coordination Compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions 5 1 Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride (ii) Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II) (iii) Tris(ethane–1,2–diamine) chromium(III) chloride (iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II) (v) Dichloridobis(ethane–1,2–diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate (vi) Iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II) 5 2 Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (i) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (ii) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (iii) K3[Fe(CN)6] (iv) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (v) K2[PdCl4] (vi) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl 5
1
4767-4770
4 Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Isomerism in Coordination Coordination Coordination Coordination Coordination Compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions Intext Questions 5 1 Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride (ii) Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II) (iii) Tris(ethane–1,2–diamine) chromium(III) chloride (iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II) (v) Dichloridobis(ethane–1,2–diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate (vi) Iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II) 5 2 Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (i) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (ii) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (iii) K3[Fe(CN)6] (iv) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (v) K2[PdCl4] (vi) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl 5 4
1
4768-4771
1 Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride (ii) Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II) (iii) Tris(ethane–1,2–diamine) chromium(III) chloride (iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II) (v) Dichloridobis(ethane–1,2–diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate (vi) Iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II) 5 2 Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (i) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (ii) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (iii) K3[Fe(CN)6] (iv) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (v) K2[PdCl4] (vi) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl 5 4 1 Geometric Isomerism Fig
1
4769-4772
2 Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (i) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (ii) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (iii) K3[Fe(CN)6] (iv) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (v) K2[PdCl4] (vi) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl 5 4 1 Geometric Isomerism Fig 5
1
4770-4773
4 1 Geometric Isomerism Fig 5 2: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of Pt [NH3)2Cl2] Co Cl Cl N H3 N H3 N H3 N H3 + Co Cl Cl N H3 N H3 N H3 N H3 + cis trans Fig
1
4771-4774
1 Geometric Isomerism Fig 5 2: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of Pt [NH3)2Cl2] Co Cl Cl N H3 N H3 N H3 N H3 + Co Cl Cl N H3 N H3 N H3 N H3 + cis trans Fig 5
1
4772-4775
5 2: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of Pt [NH3)2Cl2] Co Cl Cl N H3 N H3 N H3 N H3 + Co Cl Cl N H3 N H3 N H3 N H3 + cis trans Fig 5 3: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ Rationalised 2023-24 126 Chemistry This type of isomerism also arises when didentate ligands L – L [e
1
4773-4776
2: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of Pt [NH3)2Cl2] Co Cl Cl N H3 N H3 N H3 N H3 + Co Cl Cl N H3 N H3 N H3 N H3 + cis trans Fig 5 3: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ Rationalised 2023-24 126 Chemistry This type of isomerism also arises when didentate ligands L – L [e g
1
4774-4777
5 3: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ Rationalised 2023-24 126 Chemistry This type of isomerism also arises when didentate ligands L – L [e g , NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2 (en)] are present in complexes of formula [MX2(L – L)2] (Fig
1
4775-4778
3: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ Rationalised 2023-24 126 Chemistry This type of isomerism also arises when didentate ligands L – L [e g , NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2 (en)] are present in complexes of formula [MX2(L – L)2] (Fig 5
1
4776-4779
g , NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2 (en)] are present in complexes of formula [MX2(L – L)2] (Fig 5 4)
1
4777-4780
, NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2 (en)] are present in complexes of formula [MX2(L – L)2] (Fig 5 4) Another type of geometrical isomerism occurs in octahedral coordination entities of the type [Ma3b3] like [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3]
1
4778-4781
5 4) Another type of geometrical isomerism occurs in octahedral coordination entities of the type [Ma3b3] like [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3] If three donor atoms of the same ligands occupy adjacent positions at the corners of an octahedral face, we have the facial (fac) isomer
1
4779-4782
4) Another type of geometrical isomerism occurs in octahedral coordination entities of the type [Ma3b3] like [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3] If three donor atoms of the same ligands occupy adjacent positions at the corners of an octahedral face, we have the facial (fac) isomer When the positions are around the meridian of the octahedron, we get the meridional (mer) isomer (Fig
1
4780-4783
Another type of geometrical isomerism occurs in octahedral coordination entities of the type [Ma3b3] like [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3] If three donor atoms of the same ligands occupy adjacent positions at the corners of an octahedral face, we have the facial (fac) isomer When the positions are around the meridian of the octahedron, we get the meridional (mer) isomer (Fig 5
1
4781-4784
If three donor atoms of the same ligands occupy adjacent positions at the corners of an octahedral face, we have the facial (fac) isomer When the positions are around the meridian of the octahedron, we get the meridional (mer) isomer (Fig 5 5)
1
4782-4785
When the positions are around the meridian of the octahedron, we get the meridional (mer) isomer (Fig 5 5) Fig
1
4783-4786
5 5) Fig 5
1
4784-4787
5) Fig 5 4: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of [CoCl2(en)2] Why is geometrical isomerism not possible in tetrahedral complexes having two different types of unidentate ligands coordinated with the central metal ion
1
4785-4788
Fig 5 4: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of [CoCl2(en)2] Why is geometrical isomerism not possible in tetrahedral complexes having two different types of unidentate ligands coordinated with the central metal ion Tetrahedral complexes do not show geometrical isomerism because the relative positions of the unidentate ligands attached to the central metal atom are the same with respect to each other
1
4786-4789
5 4: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of [CoCl2(en)2] Why is geometrical isomerism not possible in tetrahedral complexes having two different types of unidentate ligands coordinated with the central metal ion Tetrahedral complexes do not show geometrical isomerism because the relative positions of the unidentate ligands attached to the central metal atom are the same with respect to each other Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Optical isomers are mirror images that cannot be superimposed on one another
1
4787-4790
4: Geometrical isomers (cis and trans) of [CoCl2(en)2] Why is geometrical isomerism not possible in tetrahedral complexes having two different types of unidentate ligands coordinated with the central metal ion Tetrahedral complexes do not show geometrical isomerism because the relative positions of the unidentate ligands attached to the central metal atom are the same with respect to each other Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Optical isomers are mirror images that cannot be superimposed on one another These are called as enantiomers
1
4788-4791
Tetrahedral complexes do not show geometrical isomerism because the relative positions of the unidentate ligands attached to the central metal atom are the same with respect to each other Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Optical isomers are mirror images that cannot be superimposed on one another These are called as enantiomers The molecules or ions that cannot be superimposed are called chiral
1
4789-4792
Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution Optical isomers are mirror images that cannot be superimposed on one another These are called as enantiomers The molecules or ions that cannot be superimposed are called chiral The two forms are called dextro (d) and laevo (l) depending upon the direction they rotate the plane of polarised light in polarimeter (d rotates to the right, l toa the left)
1
4790-4793
These are called as enantiomers The molecules or ions that cannot be superimposed are called chiral The two forms are called dextro (d) and laevo (l) depending upon the direction they rotate the plane of polarised light in polarimeter (d rotates to the right, l toa the left) Optical isomerism is common in octahedral complexes involving didentate ligands (Fig
1
4791-4794
The molecules or ions that cannot be superimposed are called chiral The two forms are called dextro (d) and laevo (l) depending upon the direction they rotate the plane of polarised light in polarimeter (d rotates to the right, l toa the left) Optical isomerism is common in octahedral complexes involving didentate ligands (Fig 5
1
4792-4795
The two forms are called dextro (d) and laevo (l) depending upon the direction they rotate the plane of polarised light in polarimeter (d rotates to the right, l toa the left) Optical isomerism is common in octahedral complexes involving didentate ligands (Fig 5 6)
1
4793-4796
Optical isomerism is common in octahedral complexes involving didentate ligands (Fig 5 6) In a coordination entity of the type [PtCl2(en)2] 2+, only the cis-isomer shows optical activity (Fig
1
4794-4797
5 6) In a coordination entity of the type [PtCl2(en)2] 2+, only the cis-isomer shows optical activity (Fig 5
1
4795-4798
6) In a coordination entity of the type [PtCl2(en)2] 2+, only the cis-isomer shows optical activity (Fig 5 7)
1
4796-4799
In a coordination entity of the type [PtCl2(en)2] 2+, only the cis-isomer shows optical activity (Fig 5 7) 5
1
4797-4800
5 7) 5 4
1
4798-4801
7) 5 4 2 Optical Isomerism Fig
1
4799-4802
5 4 2 Optical Isomerism Fig 5
1
4800-4803
4 2 Optical Isomerism Fig 5 6: Optical isomers (d and l) of [Co(en)3] 3+ Fig
1
4801-4804
2 Optical Isomerism Fig 5 6: Optical isomers (d and l) of [Co(en)3] 3+ Fig 5
1
4802-4805
5 6: Optical isomers (d and l) of [Co(en)3] 3+ Fig 5 7 Optical isomers (d and l) of cis- [PtCl2(en)2]2+ Fig
1
4803-4806
6: Optical isomers (d and l) of [Co(en)3] 3+ Fig 5 7 Optical isomers (d and l) of cis- [PtCl2(en)2]2+ Fig 5
1
4804-4807
5 7 Optical isomers (d and l) of cis- [PtCl2(en)2]2+ Fig 5 5 The facial (fac) and meridional (mer) isomers of [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3] Example 5