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msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600535795#0_668261599 | Title: Woodwind instrument - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind instrument
Woodwind instrument
Contents
Flutes
Reed instruments
Modern orchestra and concert band woodwinds
See also
References
External links
Content: Woodwind instrument - Wikipedia
Woodwind instrument
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Woodwind)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Family of musical wind instruments
Alto and tenor saxophone reeds
Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the more general category of wind instruments. Common examples include flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone. There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and reed instruments (otherwise called reed pipes). The main distinction between these instruments and other wind instruments is the way in which they produce sound. All woodwinds produce sound by splitting the air blown into them on a sharp edge, such as a reed or a fipple. Despite the name, a woodwind may be made of any material, not just wood. Common examples include brass, silver, cane, as well as other metals such as gold and platinum. The saxophone, for example, though made of brass, is considered a woodwind because it requires a reed to produce sound. Occasionally, woodwinds are made out of earthen materials, especially ocarinas . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600535795#8_668272657 | Title: Woodwind instrument - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind instrument
Woodwind instrument
Contents
Flutes
Reed instruments
Modern orchestra and concert band woodwinds
See also
References
External links
Content: The player blows through a hole in this cap that then directs the air through the reeds. This family includes the crumhorn . A piper playing the bagpipes in Newport, Rhode Island
Bagpipes are unique reed pipe instruments since they use two or more double or single reeds. However, bagpipes are functionally the same as a capped double reed instruments since the reeds are never in direct contact with player's lips. Free reed aerophone instruments are likewise unique since sound is produced by 'free reeds' – small metal tongues arranged in rows within a metal or wooden frame. The airflow necessary for the instruments sound is generated either by a player's breath (e.g. harmonica ), or by bellows (e.g. accordion). Modern orchestra and concert band woodwinds
Main article: Woodwind section
The modern orchestra 's woodwind section typically includes: flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons. The piccolo, cor anglais, bass clarinet, E-flat clarinet, and contrabassoon are commonly used supplementary woodwind instruments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600535795#9_668274067 | Title: Woodwind instrument - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind instrument
Woodwind instrument
Contents
Flutes
Reed instruments
Modern orchestra and concert band woodwinds
See also
References
External links
Content: The airflow necessary for the instruments sound is generated either by a player's breath (e.g. harmonica ), or by bellows (e.g. accordion). Modern orchestra and concert band woodwinds
Main article: Woodwind section
The modern orchestra 's woodwind section typically includes: flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons. The piccolo, cor anglais, bass clarinet, E-flat clarinet, and contrabassoon are commonly used supplementary woodwind instruments. The section may also on occasion be expanded by the addition of saxophone (s). The concert band 's woodwind section is typically much larger and more diverse than the orchestra's. The concert band's woodwind section typically includes piccolos, flutes, oboes, B ♭ clarinets, bass clarinets, bassoons, alto saxophones, tenor saxophones, and baritone saxophones. The alto flute, cor anglais, E ♭ clarinet, alto clarinet, contra-alto clarinet, contrabass clarinet, contrabassoon, and soprano saxophone are also used, but not as frequently as the other woodwinds. See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Woodwind instruments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600535795#10_668275535 | Title: Woodwind instrument - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind instrument
Woodwind instrument
Contents
Flutes
Reed instruments
Modern orchestra and concert band woodwinds
See also
References
External links
Content: The section may also on occasion be expanded by the addition of saxophone (s). The concert band 's woodwind section is typically much larger and more diverse than the orchestra's. The concert band's woodwind section typically includes piccolos, flutes, oboes, B ♭ clarinets, bass clarinets, bassoons, alto saxophones, tenor saxophones, and baritone saxophones. The alto flute, cor anglais, E ♭ clarinet, alto clarinet, contra-alto clarinet, contrabass clarinet, contrabassoon, and soprano saxophone are also used, but not as frequently as the other woodwinds. See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Woodwind instruments. Brass instrument
Musical instrument
Wind instrument
Percussion instrument
References
^ "Woodwind" Encyclopædia Britannica Online. ^ “Flutes”; Encyclopædia Britannica. ^ Carroll, Paul “Baroque Woodwind instruments” p. 45. Aldershot, Hants, England: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600550215#0_668283273 | Title: Woodwind quartet - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind quartet
Woodwind quartet
Contents
Sound
Roles
Woodwind quartet repertoire
20th century
21st century
Notable wind quartets
See also
References
Content: Woodwind quartet - Wikipedia
Woodwind quartet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Not to be confused with wind quartet. Ensemble layout
A woodwind quartet (or wind quartet) is a musical ensemble for four woodwind instruments. Alternatively the term refers to music composed for this ensemble. The most common scoring is flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon. The ensemble is also often used as a teaching ensemble in schools and universities and as a concertino group in a concerto grosso. Contents
1 Sound
2 Roles
3 Woodwind quartet repertoire
3.1 20th century
3.2 21st century
4 Notable wind quartets
5 See also
6 References
Sound
The woodwind quartet contains four instruments from different subgroups of the woodwind family. This gives the ensemble a wide range with different timbres in different ranges. The flute and oboe provide the high tones, the bassoon the low tones, and the clarinet both the high and low tones. Despite its timbral variety, the available repertoire for this ensemble is smaller compared to other chamber music ensembles. One reason is that the instrumentation of a woodwind quartet resembles that of a woodwind quintet, which has a larger repertoire. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_quartet |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600550215#1_668284882 | Title: Woodwind quartet - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind quartet
Woodwind quartet
Contents
Sound
Roles
Woodwind quartet repertoire
20th century
21st century
Notable wind quartets
See also
References
Content: Contents
1 Sound
2 Roles
3 Woodwind quartet repertoire
3.1 20th century
3.2 21st century
4 Notable wind quartets
5 See also
6 References
Sound
The woodwind quartet contains four instruments from different subgroups of the woodwind family. This gives the ensemble a wide range with different timbres in different ranges. The flute and oboe provide the high tones, the bassoon the low tones, and the clarinet both the high and low tones. Despite its timbral variety, the available repertoire for this ensemble is smaller compared to other chamber music ensembles. One reason is that the instrumentation of a woodwind quartet resembles that of a woodwind quintet, which has a larger repertoire. Roles
In addition to its use as a chamber ensemble, the woodwind quartet may function as a concertino group in a concerto grosso. Examples are the Quadruple Concerto for woodwind quartet and orchestra (1935) by Jean Françaix, and the Concerto Grosso for woodwind quartet and wind ensemble (1959) by Heitor Villa-Lobos. Paul Hindemith added a harp to the woodwind quartet in his Concerto for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, harp, and orchestra (1949). Woodwind quartet repertoire
20th century
Karl Goepfart (1859–1942), Wind Quartet in D minor, Op. 93 (1907)
Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887–1959), Quartet, for flute, oboe, clarinet, and bassoon (1928)
Jean René Désiré Françaix (1912–1997), Quartet for winds (1933)
Frank Bridge (1879–1941), Divertimenti (Prelude, Nocturne, Scherzetto, and Bagatelle) (1934–1938)
Arthur Berger (1912–2003), Quartet for Winds in C Major (1941)
Jesús Bal y Gay (1905-1993), Divertimento para cuatro instrumentos de viento (1942)
Elliott Carter (1908–2012), Eight Etudes and a Fantasy for woodwind quartet (1950)
Milton Babbitt (1916–2011), Woodwind Quartet (1953)
Tadeusz Baird (1928–1981), Divertimento for flute, oboe, clarinet & bassoon (1956)
Mario Davidovsky (born 1934), Three Pieces for woodwind quartet (1956)
Nancy Van de Vate (born 1930), Woodwind Quartet (1964)
Steven R. Gerber (born 1948), Woodwind Quartet (1967)
Gloria Coates (born 1938), Five Abstractions of the Poems by Emily Dickinson, for woodwind quartet (1975)
21st century
Michael Edward Edgerton (born 1961), le Critérion, for woodwind quartet (2000/2008)
David Carlson (born 1952), Woodwind Quartet (Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon) (2010)
Notable wind quartets
Tetrawind
BHS wind quartet
See also
Brass Quartet
References
^ Rasmussen, Mary; | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_quartet |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600550215#8_668293409 | Title: Woodwind quartet - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind quartet
Woodwind quartet
Contents
Sound
Roles
Woodwind quartet repertoire
20th century
21st century
Notable wind quartets
See also
References
Content: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4149-5. OCLC 48045814. ^ https://sites.google.com/site/tetrawind/
^ http://amightywindquartet.com/
v
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Musical ensembles by number
Solo: 1
Drum solo
Guitar solo
One-man band
Piano solo
Duet: 2
Piano duet
Piano four hands
Musical duo
Bicinium
Trio: 3
Clarinet-cello-piano
Clarinet-viola-piano
Clarinet-violin-piano
Flute, viola and harp
Jazz trio
Organ trio
Piano
Piano six hands
Power trio (in rock music and heavy metal music)
String
Reed
Quartet: 4
Jazz quartet
Piano
Rock or pop quartet
Saxophone
String
Wind
Woodwind
Quintet: 5
Brass
Piano
Pierrot ensemble
Rock or pop quintet
String
Wind
Sextet: 6
Piano
String
Other
Septet: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_quartet |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600550215#9_668294502 | Title: Woodwind quartet - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind quartet
Woodwind quartet
Contents
Sound
Roles
Woodwind quartet repertoire
20th century
21st century
Notable wind quartets
See also
References
Content: 2
Piano duet
Piano four hands
Musical duo
Bicinium
Trio: 3
Clarinet-cello-piano
Clarinet-viola-piano
Clarinet-violin-piano
Flute, viola and harp
Jazz trio
Organ trio
Piano
Piano six hands
Power trio (in rock music and heavy metal music)
String
Reed
Quartet: 4
Jazz quartet
Piano
Rock or pop quartet
Saxophone
String
Wind
Woodwind
Quintet: 5
Brass
Piano
Pierrot ensemble
Rock or pop quintet
String
Wind
Sextet: 6
Piano
String
Other
Septet: 7
Octet: 8
String
Nonet: 9
Decet: 10
Duodecet: 12
Large groups
Big band
Brass band
Choir
Concert band
Orchestra
Singakademie
String orchestra
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woodwind_quartet&oldid=1020329162 "
Categories: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_quartet |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#0_668296593 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Woodwind section
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: " Woodwind section" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The woodwind section, which consists of woodwind instruments, is one of the main sections of an orchestra or concert band . Woodwind sections contain instruments given Hornbostel-Sachs classifications of 421 ( edge-blown aerophones, commonly known as flutes) and 422 ( reed aerophones ), but exclude 423 ( brass instruments, which have their own section .) Contents
1 Orchestra
2 Concert band
3 Woodwind choir
3.1 History of the woodwind choir
3.2 Original music for woodwind choir
4 See also
5 References
Orchestra
The woodwind section of the late 19th-century symphony orchestra (for instance, in compositions by Wagner, Brahms, Bruckner, Tchaikovsky, and Richard Strauss) typically includes: flutes (sometimes with one doubling piccolo ), oboes (sometimes with one doubling cor anglais ), clarinets (sometimes with one doubling bass clarinet and/or another doubling E-flat clarinet ), bassoons (sometimes with one doubling contrabassoon ). The section might also on occasion be supplemented with saxophones. In the early part of the 20th century the woodwinds (as well as other sections) were often considerably expanded. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#1_668298601 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: Woodwind sections contain instruments given Hornbostel-Sachs classifications of 421 ( edge-blown aerophones, commonly known as flutes) and 422 ( reed aerophones ), but exclude 423 ( brass instruments, which have their own section .) Contents
1 Orchestra
2 Concert band
3 Woodwind choir
3.1 History of the woodwind choir
3.2 Original music for woodwind choir
4 See also
5 References
Orchestra
The woodwind section of the late 19th-century symphony orchestra (for instance, in compositions by Wagner, Brahms, Bruckner, Tchaikovsky, and Richard Strauss) typically includes: flutes (sometimes with one doubling piccolo ), oboes (sometimes with one doubling cor anglais ), clarinets (sometimes with one doubling bass clarinet and/or another doubling E-flat clarinet ), bassoons (sometimes with one doubling contrabassoon ). The section might also on occasion be supplemented with saxophones. In the early part of the 20th century the woodwinds (as well as other sections) were often considerably expanded. For example, Mahler in his Symphony No. 8 (1910) employs 2 piccolos, 4 flutes, 4 oboes, cor anglais, 2 E-flat clarinets, 3 B-flat clarinets, bass clarinet, 4 bassoons, and contrabassoon. After World War I, the number of instruments was often reduced, approaching the size of a chamber orchestra, with individual instrument combinations differing for each composition. The change can be illustrated by comparing two works by Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring (1911–1913) with a large woodwinds section similar to the above and his Histoire du soldat (1918), which only utilizes one clarinet and one bassoon. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#2_668300615 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: For example, Mahler in his Symphony No. 8 (1910) employs 2 piccolos, 4 flutes, 4 oboes, cor anglais, 2 E-flat clarinets, 3 B-flat clarinets, bass clarinet, 4 bassoons, and contrabassoon. After World War I, the number of instruments was often reduced, approaching the size of a chamber orchestra, with individual instrument combinations differing for each composition. The change can be illustrated by comparing two works by Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring (1911–1913) with a large woodwinds section similar to the above and his Histoire du soldat (1918), which only utilizes one clarinet and one bassoon. The woodwind section of the orchestra today, at a minimum consists of: Two flutes
Two oboes
Two clarinets
Two bassoons
For early classical music, the clarinets and/or flutes may be omitted. The principal oboist is traditionally the section leader. The evolution of this section can be seen over Mozart's Symphonies. His earlier symphonies required only the oboes, while his later symphonies required the entire above listing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#3_668302050 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: The woodwind section of the orchestra today, at a minimum consists of: Two flutes
Two oboes
Two clarinets
Two bassoons
For early classical music, the clarinets and/or flutes may be omitted. The principal oboist is traditionally the section leader. The evolution of this section can be seen over Mozart's Symphonies. His earlier symphonies required only the oboes, while his later symphonies required the entire above listing. When emulating the classical style, Sergei Prokofiev used the above combination in his First Symphony. The woodwind section of the orchestra may also include: Piccolo (often played by the second or third flute)
Alto flute (often played by a flute player)
Bass flute (often played by a flute player)
Oboe d'amore (usually played by an oboist)
Cor anglais or English horn (sometimes played by an oboist but commonly by a specialist cor anglais player)
Bass oboe or Heckelphone (usually played by an oboist)
E-flat clarinet (often played by a clarinet player)
Basset horn (often played by a clarinet player)
Bass clarinet (often played by a clarinet player)
Tenoroon (often played by a bassoon player)
Contrabassoon or double bassoon (often played by a bassoon player)
Soprano saxophone
Alto saxophone
Tenor saxophone
Baritone saxophone
Concert band
The woodwind section of the concert band is generally much larger than the woodwind section of the orchestra. Also, the concert band generally has a larger variety of woodwind instruments than the orchestra. The woodwind section of the concert band commonly contains, in normal score order : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#4_668304031 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: When emulating the classical style, Sergei Prokofiev used the above combination in his First Symphony. The woodwind section of the orchestra may also include: Piccolo (often played by the second or third flute)
Alto flute (often played by a flute player)
Bass flute (often played by a flute player)
Oboe d'amore (usually played by an oboist)
Cor anglais or English horn (sometimes played by an oboist but commonly by a specialist cor anglais player)
Bass oboe or Heckelphone (usually played by an oboist)
E-flat clarinet (often played by a clarinet player)
Basset horn (often played by a clarinet player)
Bass clarinet (often played by a clarinet player)
Tenoroon (often played by a bassoon player)
Contrabassoon or double bassoon (often played by a bassoon player)
Soprano saxophone
Alto saxophone
Tenor saxophone
Baritone saxophone
Concert band
The woodwind section of the concert band is generally much larger than the woodwind section of the orchestra. Also, the concert band generally has a larger variety of woodwind instruments than the orchestra. The woodwind section of the concert band commonly contains, in normal score order : Piccolo (s)
Flutes
Oboes
Bassoons
B♭ clarinets
Bass clarinet (s)
Alto saxophones
Tenor saxophone (s)
Baritone saxophone (s)
Other woodwinds that are used in the concert band, but not as frequently as the ones listed above, in normal score order : Cor anglais (usually played by an oboist)
Contrabassoon (usually played by a bassoonist)
E♭ clarinet (usually played by a B♭ clarinetist)
Alto clarinet (usually played by a B♭ clarinetist)
Contra-alto clarinet or contrabass clarinet (usually played by a bass clarinetist)
Soprano saxophone (usually played by the principal alto saxophonist)
Woodwinds that are sometimes, but very rarely, used in the concert band: Alto flute
Bass flute
Basset horn
Bass saxophone
Woodwind choir
A woodwind choir, also called woodwind orchestra, or woodwind ensemble is a performing ensemble consisting exclusively of members of the woodwind family of instruments. It typically includes flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons and saxophones, all of varying sizes. The woodwind orchestra has a small repertoire of original music written especially for the ensemble and arrangements of orchestral compositions, light music, and popular tunes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#5_668306788 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: Piccolo (s)
Flutes
Oboes
Bassoons
B♭ clarinets
Bass clarinet (s)
Alto saxophones
Tenor saxophone (s)
Baritone saxophone (s)
Other woodwinds that are used in the concert band, but not as frequently as the ones listed above, in normal score order : Cor anglais (usually played by an oboist)
Contrabassoon (usually played by a bassoonist)
E♭ clarinet (usually played by a B♭ clarinetist)
Alto clarinet (usually played by a B♭ clarinetist)
Contra-alto clarinet or contrabass clarinet (usually played by a bass clarinetist)
Soprano saxophone (usually played by the principal alto saxophonist)
Woodwinds that are sometimes, but very rarely, used in the concert band: Alto flute
Bass flute
Basset horn
Bass saxophone
Woodwind choir
A woodwind choir, also called woodwind orchestra, or woodwind ensemble is a performing ensemble consisting exclusively of members of the woodwind family of instruments. It typically includes flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons and saxophones, all of varying sizes. The woodwind orchestra has a small repertoire of original music written especially for the ensemble and arrangements of orchestral compositions, light music, and popular tunes. History of the woodwind choir
Civic wind groups in the United Kingdom can be traced back to medieval times. The father of English literature Geoffrey Chaucer wrote in his poem House of Fame: "Then I saw standing behind them, far away and all by themselves, many scores of thousands, who made loud minstrelsy with bagpipes and shawms and many other kinds of pipes, and skilfully played both them of clear and them of reedy sound, such as be played at feasts with the roast-meat, and many a flute and lilting-horn and pipes make of green stalks, such as these little shepherd-lads have who watch over beasts in the broom." Wind music flourished in the courts of Europe. Henry VIII celebrated his coronation in 1509, which included three days of entertainment, with performances from several wind groups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#8_668312501 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: Mozart and Beethoven became more daring in the way they wrote for the wind sections in their symphonic works. Anton Reicha and Franz Danzi were two pioneering composers of the wind quintet but by the end of the nineteenth century, interest in this ensemble began to fade. It was around this time that the concert band became an important vehicle for composers to advertise their operas and orchestral works. Rossini, Liszt and Wagner appointed bandmasters to arrange their works to be performed to the masses at bandstand events. Holst, Vaughan Williams and Grainger began writing original works for the concert band at the turn of the twentieth century. These works were the seeds which grew into the now extensive body of repertoire which exists for the medium. Further into the twentieth century came a renewed interest in the wind quintet. Many leading contemporary composers have produced wind quintets which have become standard chamber repertoire. Much has been done to promote wind music through organisations, institutions, music retailers and passionate individuals but this would fall largely into the concert band genre. Indeed it is the development of the concert band which procured an environment whereby music for the woodwind section was required. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#9_668314162 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: These works were the seeds which grew into the now extensive body of repertoire which exists for the medium. Further into the twentieth century came a renewed interest in the wind quintet. Many leading contemporary composers have produced wind quintets which have become standard chamber repertoire. Much has been done to promote wind music through organisations, institutions, music retailers and passionate individuals but this would fall largely into the concert band genre. Indeed it is the development of the concert band which procured an environment whereby music for the woodwind section was required. Original music for woodwind choir
Ernest Bloch (1880–1959) Prelude and March (for woodwind choir)
Alan Bullard (born 1947) Journey Through Time (2010)
Gary Carpenter Pantomime (2005)
Martin Ellerby (born 1957) Sinfonia Aqua (2015)
Adam Gorb (born 1958) Battle Symphony, Op.26 (1997)
Adam Gorb (born 1958) Suite for Winds (1995)
Patrick Glenn Harper (born 1977) Excursion for Woodwind Ensemble (2006), Three Sketches for Woodwind Ensemble (2016)
Christopher Hussey (born 1974) Dreamtide (2012)
Christopher Hussey (born 1974) Twisted Skyscape (2008)
Shea Lolin (born 1983) Lux Aeterna (2014)
Hamilton G. McLean Promenade for Woodwind Choir
Philip Sparke (born 1951) Overture for Woodwinds (1999)
Josef Tal (1910-2008) Wind Quintet (1966)
Jeffery Wilson (born 1957) Postcards: Play, Sing, Dance (2012)
Ruth Young The Zoo Keeper (2006)
Twisted Skyscape, a recording of a woodwind choir, was made with the Czech Philharmonic Wind Ensemble, conducted by Shea Lolin in 2014. See also
String section
Percussion section
Brass section
Keyboard section
References
^ a b c d Apel, Willi, ed., Harvard Dictionary of Music, Second Edition, pp. 604-5. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_600555532#10_668316332 | Title: Woodwind section - Wikipedia
Headings: Woodwind section
Woodwind section
Contents
Orchestra
Concert band
Woodwind choir
History of the woodwind choir
Original music for woodwind choir
See also
References
Content: Original music for woodwind choir
Ernest Bloch (1880–1959) Prelude and March (for woodwind choir)
Alan Bullard (born 1947) Journey Through Time (2010)
Gary Carpenter Pantomime (2005)
Martin Ellerby (born 1957) Sinfonia Aqua (2015)
Adam Gorb (born 1958) Battle Symphony, Op.26 (1997)
Adam Gorb (born 1958) Suite for Winds (1995)
Patrick Glenn Harper (born 1977) Excursion for Woodwind Ensemble (2006), Three Sketches for Woodwind Ensemble (2016)
Christopher Hussey (born 1974) Dreamtide (2012)
Christopher Hussey (born 1974) Twisted Skyscape (2008)
Shea Lolin (born 1983) Lux Aeterna (2014)
Hamilton G. McLean Promenade for Woodwind Choir
Philip Sparke (born 1951) Overture for Woodwinds (1999)
Josef Tal (1910-2008) Wind Quintet (1966)
Jeffery Wilson (born 1957) Postcards: Play, Sing, Dance (2012)
Ruth Young The Zoo Keeper (2006)
Twisted Skyscape, a recording of a woodwind choir, was made with the Czech Philharmonic Wind Ensemble, conducted by Shea Lolin in 2014. See also
String section
Percussion section
Brass section
Keyboard section
References
^ a b c d Apel, Willi, ed., Harvard Dictionary of Music, Second Edition, pp. 604-5. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1969. SBN 674375017. ^ [1]
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e
Orchestras and Concert bands
Ensembles
Orchestra
Concert band
Brass band
Chamber orchestra
String orchestra
Pit orchestra
Conductorless orchestra
Radio orchestra
Leaders
Concertmaster (in orchestras)
Bandmaster
Conductor
Music director
Sections of the orchestra
Woodwind section
Brass section
String section
Percussion section
Keyboard section
Basic orchestral instruments
Flute
Oboe
Bassoon
Clarinet
French horn
Trumpet
Trombone
Bass trombone
Tuba
Violin
Viola
Cello
Double bass
Percussion
Timpani
instruments during the Baroque era
Basso continuo
Harpsichord
Pipe organ
Lute
Theorbo
Violone
Viola da gamba
Sections of the concert band
Woodwind section
Brass section
Percussion section
Keyboard section
Basic concert band instruments
Piccolo
Flute
Oboe
Bassoon
Clarinet
Bass clarinet
Alto saxophone
Tenor saxophone
Baritone saxophone
French horn
Trumpet
Trombone
Euphonium
Tuba
Double bass
Percussion
Timpani
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woodwind_section&oldid=1018716400 "
Categories: Sections of the orchestra
Sections of the concert band
Woodwind instruments
Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from April 2021
Articles needing additional references from April 2021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_section |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_603738088#2_671897822 | Title: Work–family balance in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Work–family balance in the United States
Work–family balance in the United States
Contents
History
Legislation
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
Effects on families
Problems affecting middle-class families
Delayed fertility
Ideology of motherhood
Inequalities in care work
Problems affecting lower-class families
Single-parenting
Care work
Solutions
Care crisis
Workplace
Government support
See also
References
External links
Content: Influenced by the Englightenment, several changes to marriage occurred: the move toward individualism and the loosening of church influence over families after the Protestant Reformation resulted in the flourishing of the two-parent farm family. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the two-parent farm family was the dominant family model, in which both parents working side by side on family farms The two-parent farm family ceased to be the dominant family model after the Industrial Revolution occurred. The 1920s was the first time that the majority of children lived in two-parent breadwinner-homemaker families (one where the father supported the family financially and the mother supported the family domestically). In 19th century farm settings, children were an important part of their families' agricultural livelihoods. As industrialization occurred and families shifted from rural agricultural settings to urban ones, the number of children per household also declined. Children became less of an economic benefit and more of a cost: urban life necessitated educating children which was costly. During the 1910s and 1920s, women delayed childbirth for economic opportunities that were present in urban areas. However, this trend reversed during the Great Depression because of the lower number of economic opportunities available for women. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work%E2%80%93family_balance_in_the_United_States |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_604530469#7_672880620 | Title: Work motivation - Wikipedia
Headings: Work motivation
Work motivation
Contents
Theories
Need-based theories
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Need for achievement
Cognitive process theories
Equity theory
Expectancy theory
F = E (Σ I × V)
Goal-setting theory
Social cognitive theory
Behavioral approach to motivation
Job-based theories
Motivation–hygiene theory
Job characteristics theory
Self-regulation theory
Work engagement
Applications of motivation
Organizational reward systems
Motivation through design of work
Humanistic Approach
Job Characteristics Approach
Interdisciplinary Approach
Other factors affecting motivation
Creativity
Groups and teams
Culture
Strength
Strategic Appropriateness
Adaptability
Competing Values Framework
Personality Approach
See also
References
Content: These psychological processes result in four outcomes. First, motivation serves to direct attention, focusing on particular issues, people, tasks, etc. It also serves to stimulate an employee to put forth effort. Next, motivation results in persistence, preventing one from deviating from the goal-seeking behavior. Finally, motivation results in task strategies, which as defined by Mitchell & Daniels, are "patterns of behavior produced to reach a particular goal. Contents
1 Theories
1.1 Need-based theories
1.1.1 Maslow's hierarchy of needs
1.1.2 Need for achievement
1.2 Cognitive process theories
1.2.1 Equity theory
1.2.2 Expectancy theory
1.2.3 Goal-setting theory
1.2.4 Social cognitive theory
1.3 Behavioral approach to motivation
1.4 Job-based theories
1.4.1 Motivation–hygiene theory
1.4.2 Job characteristics theory
1.5 Self-regulation theory
1.6 Work engagement
2 Applications of motivation
2.1 Organizational reward systems
2.2 Motivation through design of work
3 Other factors affecting motivation
3.1 Creativity
3.2 Groups and teams
3.3 Culture
4 See also
5 References
Theories
A number of various theories attempt to describe employee motivation within the discipline of industrial and organizational psychology. At the macro level, work motivation can be categorized into two types, endogenous process (individual, cognitive) theories and exogenous cause (environmental) theories. Many theories fit simply into one type, but hybrid types such as self-determination theory attempt to account for both. It can be helpful to further divide theories into the four broad categories of need-based, cognitive process, behavioral, and job-based. Need-based theories
Need-based theories of motivation focus on an employee's drive to satisfy a variety of needs through their work. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_motivation |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_604530469#8_672883450 | Title: Work motivation - Wikipedia
Headings: Work motivation
Work motivation
Contents
Theories
Need-based theories
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Need for achievement
Cognitive process theories
Equity theory
Expectancy theory
F = E (Σ I × V)
Goal-setting theory
Social cognitive theory
Behavioral approach to motivation
Job-based theories
Motivation–hygiene theory
Job characteristics theory
Self-regulation theory
Work engagement
Applications of motivation
Organizational reward systems
Motivation through design of work
Humanistic Approach
Job Characteristics Approach
Interdisciplinary Approach
Other factors affecting motivation
Creativity
Groups and teams
Culture
Strength
Strategic Appropriateness
Adaptability
Competing Values Framework
Personality Approach
See also
References
Content: Contents
1 Theories
1.1 Need-based theories
1.1.1 Maslow's hierarchy of needs
1.1.2 Need for achievement
1.2 Cognitive process theories
1.2.1 Equity theory
1.2.2 Expectancy theory
1.2.3 Goal-setting theory
1.2.4 Social cognitive theory
1.3 Behavioral approach to motivation
1.4 Job-based theories
1.4.1 Motivation–hygiene theory
1.4.2 Job characteristics theory
1.5 Self-regulation theory
1.6 Work engagement
2 Applications of motivation
2.1 Organizational reward systems
2.2 Motivation through design of work
3 Other factors affecting motivation
3.1 Creativity
3.2 Groups and teams
3.3 Culture
4 See also
5 References
Theories
A number of various theories attempt to describe employee motivation within the discipline of industrial and organizational psychology. At the macro level, work motivation can be categorized into two types, endogenous process (individual, cognitive) theories and exogenous cause (environmental) theories. Many theories fit simply into one type, but hybrid types such as self-determination theory attempt to account for both. It can be helpful to further divide theories into the four broad categories of need-based, cognitive process, behavioral, and job-based. Need-based theories
Need-based theories of motivation focus on an employee's drive to satisfy a variety of needs through their work. These needs range from basic physiological needs for survival to higher psychoemotional needs like belonging and self-actualization. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Further information: Maslow's hierarchy of needs
An interpretation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom. Abraham Maslow 's Hierarchy of Needs (1943) was applied to offer an explanation of how the work environment motivates employees. In accordance with Maslow's theory, which was not specifically developed to explain behavior in the workplace, employees strive to satisfy their needs in a hierarchical order. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_motivation |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_604848247#0_673204656 | Title: Work train - Wikipedia
Headings: Work train
Work train
Types of work trains
Gallery
See also
Content: Work train - Wikipedia
Work train
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: " Work train" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Part of a series on
Rail transport
Operations
Track
Maintenance
High-speed railways
Stations
Trains
Locomotives
Railroad cars
Companies
History
Attractions
Terminology ( AU, NA, NZ, UK)
By country
Accidents
Railway couplings
Couplers by country
Coupler conversion
Track gauge
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Gauge conversion
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Modelling
Platform screen doors
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A work train or departmental train ( engineering train in the UK) is one or more rail cars intended for internal non-revenue use by the railroad's operator. Work trains serve functions such as track maintenance, maintenance of way, revenue collection, system cleanup and waste removal, heavy duty hauling, and crew member transport. Types of work trains
Locomotives and cab units
Track maintenance equipment ( track geometry cars, ballast regulators, ballast tamper cars, ballast cleaners, stoneblowers, rail grinders, Sperry rail cars, ballast loaders/removers, hopper cars, continuous welded rail handlers, weld cars, track renewal train)
Flood cleanup cars (reach cars, pump cars, hose cars)
Snow removal cars
Rail inspection cars
Refuse motor cars
De-icer cars
Rail adhesion cars
Crane cars
Dump cars
Flatbed cars
Signal supply cars
Tanker cars
Vacuum cars
Revenue collection cars
Rider cars
Sweeper Cleaner
Rail bridge inspection
Weed spray rail
Bush cutter rail
Excavator rail
Gallery
A Washington Metro work car in Virginia providing support for a track maintenance operation
Ballast tamping machine as used in railroad track maintenance in Florida
A New York City Subway work train
work train at the construction of a freight line in Sydney, Australia
See also
List of railway vehicles
Non-revenue cars
Plasser & Theurer
Rail inspection
Track renewal train
v
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Rail transport freight rolling stock
Enclosed equipment
Autorack
Boxcar (US)
British Railway Milk Tank Wagon
Cattle wagon
Coil car
Intermodal Car
Covered goods wagon
Covered hopper
Livestock wagon
Milk car
Refrigerator car (US)
Refrigerated van (EU)
RoadRailer
Stock car
Tank car
Wagon with opening roof
Open equipment
Bogie bolster wagon
Chauldron wagon
Class U special wagon
Conflat
Double-stack car
Flatcar (US)
Flat wagon (EU)
Gondola (US)
Hopper car
Mine car
Minecart
Mineral wagon
Modalohr
Open wagon (EU)
Quarry tub
Rollbock
Rotary car dumper
Schnabel car
Slate waggon
Specialized flatcars
Transporter wagon
Non-revenue equipment
Ballast cleaner
Brake van (EU)
Caboose (US)
Clearance car
Crane
Crew car
Rotary snowplow
Scale test car
Stoneblower
Tamping machine
Track geometry car
Work trains
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Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Work_train&oldid=922492162 "
Categories: Maintenance of way equipment
Railcars
Locomotive stubs
Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from July 2009
All articles lacking sources
All stub articles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_train |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_606034194#2_674586796 | Title: Working capital - Wikipedia
Headings: Working capital
Working capital
Contents
Calculation
Inputs
Working capital cycle
Definition
Meaning
Working capital management
Decision criteria
Management of working capital
See also
References
External links
Content: Positive working capital is required to ensure that a firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient funds to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. The management of working capital involves managing inventories, accounts receivable and payable, and cash. Contents
1 Calculation
1.1 Inputs
2 Working capital cycle
2.1 Definition
2.2 Meaning
3 Working capital management
3.1 Decision criteria
3.2 Management of working capital
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Calculation
Working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. It is not to be confused with trade working capital (the latter excludes cash). The basic calculation of working capital is based on the entity's gross current assets. Working Capital = Current Assets − Current Liabilities {\displaystyle {\text {Working Capital}}= {\text {Current Assets}}- {\text {Current Liabilities}}}
Inputs
Current assets and current liabilities include four accounts which are of special importance. These accounts represent the areas of the business where managers have the most direct impact: cash and cash equivalents (current asset)
accounts receivable (current asset)
inventory (current asset), and
accounts payable (current liability)
The current portion of debt (payable within 12 months) is critical because it represents a short-term claim to current assets and is often secured by long-term assets. Common types of short-term debt are bank loans and lines of credit. An increase in net working capital indicates that the business has either increased current assets (that it has increased its receivables or other current assets) or has decreased current liabilities —for example has paid off some short-term creditors, or a combination of both. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_capital |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_606034194#5_674593339 | Title: Working capital - Wikipedia
Headings: Working capital
Working capital
Contents
Calculation
Inputs
Working capital cycle
Definition
Meaning
Working capital management
Decision criteria
Management of working capital
See also
References
External links
Content: Meaning
A positive working capital cycle balances incoming and outgoing payments to minimize net working capital and maximize free cash flow. For example, a company that pays its suppliers in 30 days but takes 60 days to collect its receivables has a working capital cycle of 30 days. This 30-day cycle usually needs to be funded through a bank operating line, and the interest on this financing is a carrying cost that reduces the company's profitability. Growing businesses require cash, and being able to free up cash by shortening the working capital cycle is the most inexpensive way to grow. Sophisticated buyers review closely a target's working capital cycle because it provides them with an idea of the management's effectiveness at managing their balance sheet and generating free cash flows. As an absolute rule of funders, each of them wants to see a positive working capital because positive working capital implies there are sufficient current assets to meet current obligations. In contrast, companies risk being unable to meet current obligations with current assets when working capital is negative. While it's theoretically possible for a company to indefinitely show negative working capital on regularly reported balance sheets (since working capital may actually be positive between reporting periods), working capital will generally need to be non-negative for the business to be sustainable
Reasons why a business may show negative or low working capital over the long term while not indicating financial distress include: Assets above or liabilities below their true economic value
Accrual basis accounting creating deferred revenue while the cost of goods sold is lower than the revenue to be generated
E.g. a software as a service business or newspaper receives cash from customers early on, but has to include the cash as a deferred revenue liability until the service is delivered. The cost of delivering the service or newspaper is usually lower than revenue thus, when the revenue is recognized, the business will generate gross income. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_capital |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_606034194#6_674595854 | Title: Working capital - Wikipedia
Headings: Working capital
Working capital
Contents
Calculation
Inputs
Working capital cycle
Definition
Meaning
Working capital management
Decision criteria
Management of working capital
See also
References
External links
Content: As an absolute rule of funders, each of them wants to see a positive working capital because positive working capital implies there are sufficient current assets to meet current obligations. In contrast, companies risk being unable to meet current obligations with current assets when working capital is negative. While it's theoretically possible for a company to indefinitely show negative working capital on regularly reported balance sheets (since working capital may actually be positive between reporting periods), working capital will generally need to be non-negative for the business to be sustainable
Reasons why a business may show negative or low working capital over the long term while not indicating financial distress include: Assets above or liabilities below their true economic value
Accrual basis accounting creating deferred revenue while the cost of goods sold is lower than the revenue to be generated
E.g. a software as a service business or newspaper receives cash from customers early on, but has to include the cash as a deferred revenue liability until the service is delivered. The cost of delivering the service or newspaper is usually lower than revenue thus, when the revenue is recognized, the business will generate gross income. Working capital management
Corporate finance
Working capital
Cash conversion cycle
Return on capital
Economic value added
Just-in-time
Economic order quantity
Discounts and allowances
Factoring
Reverse factoring
Sections
Managerial finance
Financial accounting
Management accounting
Mergers and acquisitions
Balance sheet analysis
Business plan
Corporate action
Societal components
Financial law
Financial market
Financial market participants
Corporate finance
Personal finance
Peer-to-peer lending
Public finance
Banks and banking
Financial regulation
Clawback
v
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Decisions relating to working capital and short-term financing are referred to as working capital management. These involve managing the relationship between a firm's short-term assets and its short-term liabilities. The goal of working capital management is to ensure that the firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. A managerial accounting strategy focusing on maintaining efficient levels of both components of working capital, current assets, and current liabilities, in respect to each other. Working capital management ensures a company has sufficient cash flow in order to meet its short-term debt obligations and operating expenses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_capital |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_606034194#7_674598922 | Title: Working capital - Wikipedia
Headings: Working capital
Working capital
Contents
Calculation
Inputs
Working capital cycle
Definition
Meaning
Working capital management
Decision criteria
Management of working capital
See also
References
External links
Content: Working capital management
Corporate finance
Working capital
Cash conversion cycle
Return on capital
Economic value added
Just-in-time
Economic order quantity
Discounts and allowances
Factoring
Reverse factoring
Sections
Managerial finance
Financial accounting
Management accounting
Mergers and acquisitions
Balance sheet analysis
Business plan
Corporate action
Societal components
Financial law
Financial market
Financial market participants
Corporate finance
Personal finance
Peer-to-peer lending
Public finance
Banks and banking
Financial regulation
Clawback
v
t
e
Decisions relating to working capital and short-term financing are referred to as working capital management. These involve managing the relationship between a firm's short-term assets and its short-term liabilities. The goal of working capital management is to ensure that the firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. A managerial accounting strategy focusing on maintaining efficient levels of both components of working capital, current assets, and current liabilities, in respect to each other. Working capital management ensures a company has sufficient cash flow in order to meet its short-term debt obligations and operating expenses. Decision criteria
By definition, working capital management entails short-term decisions—generally, relating to the next one-year period—which are "reversible". These decisions are therefore not taken on the same basis as capital-investment decisions ( NPV or related, as above); rather, they will be based on cash flows, or profitability, or both. One measure of cash flow is provided by the cash conversion cycle —the net number of days from the outlay of cash for raw material to receiving payment from the customer. As a management tool, this trash
metric makes explicit the inter-relatedness of decisions relating to inventories, accounts receivable and payable, and cash. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_capital |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_606735890#15_675551627 | Title: Workplace deviance - Wikipedia
Headings: Workplace deviance
Workplace deviance
Contents
Reasons
Psychological contract
Abusive supervision
Types
Interpersonal deviance
Organizational deviance
Silence
Coworker backstabbing
Cyber loafing
Production deviance
Property deviance
Other types
Reducing
See also
Footnotes
References
Content: procedural, distributive and interactional justice. Procedural justice is concerned with how the decision-making process was made. Distributive justice, on the other hand, considers the actual decision. Interactional justice involves the interpersonal relationship and sense of fairness which employees have with supervisors and other authority figures within the organization. Research indicates that procedural justice (combined with interactional justice) is beneficial in reducing workplace-deviant behavior. Employees who are consulted (and given an opportunity to be involved in the decision-making processes at their organization) are less likely to act out, since their voices are valued. Workplace deviance is a phenomenon which occurs frequently within an organization. Ultimately, it is the managers' and the organization's responsibility to uphold the norms to which the organization wishes to adhere; it i | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_deviance |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_645061660#8_718267240 | Title: Yahoo! Groups - Wikipedia
Headings: Yahoo! Groups
Yahoo! Groups
Yahoo! Groups
Contents
History
Criticism and controversy
Site statistics
See also
References
External links
Content: The site was closed down a few days after the advertised date, displaying a message that the service was officially shut down. This message stopped appearing at the end of January 2021 and the Yahoo Groups web address began redirecting to the main Yahoo page. Criticism and controversy
On August 31, 2010, Yahoo! Groups started rolling out a major software change, which was denounced by a large number of users. The re-model was completely abandoned on January 12, 2011. According to a September 9, 2013 Reuters article, "Americans use the Internet to abandon children adopted from overseas", Yahoo! and Facebook groups were being used, illegally and without government regulation, by parents to advertise unwanted children for "private re-homing". Yahoo! immediately closed down the forums that Reuters brought to their attention, although Facebook did not. Site statistics
In August 2008, Yahoo! | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Groups |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_651851518#7_726596712 | Title: Yarn bombing - Wikipedia
Headings: Yarn bombing
Yarn bombing
Contents
Motivation
History
Legality
Criticisms
Gallery
See also
References
Further reading
Books
Articles
Content: it is deemed more as street art and less as graffiti (which is enforced much more strictly ). Criticisms
Yarn bombing in and between tree branches
Yarn bombing has been under some scrutiny for the potential negative environmental impact that the yarn can have when placed on plant life. Yarn can restrict sap production on trees and constrict growth. The knitted material requires removal and cleaning up; if left behind, installations become soggy and synthetic fibers litter the environment. The street artist Olek (Agata Oleksiak) has yarn bombed New York City icons such as the Wall Street bull and the Astor Place Cube. They faced legal trouble after their unauthorized installation in an underwater museum allegedly damaged marine life, the very cause they were attempting to raise awareness for. Olek also makes public statements with their work, such as blanketing a women's homeless shelter in Delhi in 2015 or installing an underwater cozy at the Cancun Underwater Museum. The Knit Your Revolt Tricycle Gang in Queensland protests "anti-bikie" laws that outlaw motorcycle gangs by demonstrating on yarnbombed tricycles. Advertising campaigns have capitalized on the yarnbombing trend: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarn_bombing |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#0_733464837 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
2018 social movement started in France
Yellow vests movement
Gilets jaunes protests
Part of the protests against Emmanuel Macron
A yellow vests protest in Belfort, France on 29 December 2018
Date
17 November 2018 – present
(2 years, 5 months and 21 days)
Location
France
Other countries: Australia
Belgium
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Canada
Central African Republic
Croatia
Czechia
Finland
Germany
Iraq
Israel
Ireland
Italy
Jordan
Latvia
Lebanon
Libya
Netherlands
Nigeria
Pakistan
Portugal
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sudan
Sweden
Taiwan
Tunisia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Caused by
Rise in crude oil prices in 2018
Fuel tax
Traffic enforcement cameras
Austerity measures
2017 wealth tax repeal
Immigration
Globalisation
Class conflict
Neoliberalism
Goals
Increase in the French minimum wage
End to austerity measures
Improved standard of living
Government transparency and accountability
Improved government services for rural areas
Constitutional proposal for a Citizens' initiative referendum, including constitutional, legislative, abrogative, recall initiatives
Methods
Protests
Violence
Civil disobedience
Property damage
Vandalism
Barricades
Rioting
Looting
Collectivist anarchism
Blocking traffic
Disabling traffic enforcement cameras
Strike action
Status
Ongoing
Concessions
given
Cancellation of fuel tax and six-month moratorium on diesel and petrol price changes
Announcement that price of Électricité de France blue tariffs would not increase before March 2019
Elimination of tax on overtime and end-of-year bonuses
Decrease of fuel and motor taxes
€100 ($112) increase in social minima for employees
Parties to the civil conflict
Gilets jaunes
Government
National Police
CRS
National Gendarmerie
Mobile Gendarmerie
Rural Guards
French Army
Pro-government protesters
Lead figures
Jacline Mouraud
Étienne Chouard
Priscillia Ludosky
Maxime Nicolle [ fr]
Éric Drouet [ fr]
Jérôme Rodrigues [ fr]
Christophe Chalençon
François Boulo
Emmanuel Macron
President of the French Republic
Édouard Philippe
Prime Minister of France (2017–2020)
Christophe Castaner
Minister of Interior (2018–2020)
Number
287,710 protesters (peak, according to the Ministry of the Interior)
8,000 police (15 Dec 2018: Paris)
Casualties
Death (s)
11 people, including 3 yellow vests, were killed in traffic accidents caused by yellow vests roadblocks in Belgium and France, 2 yellow vests, both aged over 50, died during the demonstrations due to heart problems unrelated to the protests, 1 woman died of a surgical shock at the hospital after she had been injured in the margins of a demonstration
Injuries
4,439 (police and civilians)
The yellow vests movement or yellow jackets movement ( French: Mouvement des gilets jaunes, pronounced [muvmɑ̃ de ʒilɛ ʒon]) is a populist, grassroots protest movement for economic justice that began in France in October 2018. After an online petition posted in May had attracted nearly a million signatures, mass demonstrations began on 17 November. The movement was initially motivated by rising fuel prices and a high cost of living; it claims that a disproportionate burden of the government's tax reforms were falling on the working and middle classes, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. The protesters have called for lower fuel taxes, a reintroduction of the solidarity tax on wealth, a minimum-wage increase, as well as the implementation of Citizens' initiative referendums, among other things. On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made public and went viral on social media, becoming de facto a structuring basis for the movement, covering a wide range of eclectic topics, mostly related to democracy, social and fiscal justice. The movement spans the political spectrum. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#1_733470421 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: The movement was initially motivated by rising fuel prices and a high cost of living; it claims that a disproportionate burden of the government's tax reforms were falling on the working and middle classes, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. The protesters have called for lower fuel taxes, a reintroduction of the solidarity tax on wealth, a minimum-wage increase, as well as the implementation of Citizens' initiative referendums, among other things. On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made public and went viral on social media, becoming de facto a structuring basis for the movement, covering a wide range of eclectic topics, mostly related to democracy, social and fiscal justice. The movement spans the political spectrum. According to one poll, few of those protesting had voted for Macron in the 2017 presidential election; many had either not voted, or had voted for far-right or far-left candidates. Rising fuel prices initially sparked the demonstrations. Yellow high-visibility vests, which French law requires all drivers to have in their vehicles and to wear during emergency situations, were chosen as "a unifying thread and call to arms" because of their convenience, visibility, ubiquity and association with working-class industries. The protests have involved demonstrations and the blocking of roads and fuel depots, some of which developed into major riots, described as the most violent since those of May 1968. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#2_733473404 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: According to one poll, few of those protesting had voted for Macron in the 2017 presidential election; many had either not voted, or had voted for far-right or far-left candidates. Rising fuel prices initially sparked the demonstrations. Yellow high-visibility vests, which French law requires all drivers to have in their vehicles and to wear during emergency situations, were chosen as "a unifying thread and call to arms" because of their convenience, visibility, ubiquity and association with working-class industries. The protests have involved demonstrations and the blocking of roads and fuel depots, some of which developed into major riots, described as the most violent since those of May 1968. The police response, resulting in multiple incidences of loss of limb, has been criticised by politicians and international media; it has sometimes resulted in police officers being charged for their violent behaviour. The movement has received international attention. Protesters in many places around the world have used the yellow vest as a symbol. About three million people participated in the yellow vests movement. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#3_733476062 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: The police response, resulting in multiple incidences of loss of limb, has been criticised by politicians and international media; it has sometimes resulted in police officers being charged for their violent behaviour. The movement has received international attention. Protesters in many places around the world have used the yellow vest as a symbol. About three million people participated in the yellow vests movement. Contents
1 Background
1.1 General discontentment
1.2 Diesel
1.3 Fuel prices
1.4 Speed limit reduction
1.5 Economic reforms
1.6 Yellow vest symbol
2 Origin
3 Timeline
3.1 2018
3.1.1 17 November: " Act I"
3.1.2 24 November: " Act II"
3.1.3 1 December: " Act III"
3.1.4 8 December: " Act IV"
3.1.5 10 December: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#4_733478344 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: Contents
1 Background
1.1 General discontentment
1.2 Diesel
1.3 Fuel prices
1.4 Speed limit reduction
1.5 Economic reforms
1.6 Yellow vest symbol
2 Origin
3 Timeline
3.1 2018
3.1.1 17 November: " Act I"
3.1.2 24 November: " Act II"
3.1.3 1 December: " Act III"
3.1.4 8 December: " Act IV"
3.1.5 10 December: Macron's televised address
3.1.6 15 December: " Act V"
3.1.7 22 December: " Act VI"
3.1.8 29 December: " Act VII"
3.2 2019
3.2.1 5 January: " Act VIII"
3.2.2 12 January: " | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#6_733482262 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: Act IX"
3.2.3 19 January: " Act X"
3.2.4 26 January: " Act XI"
3.2.5 2 February: " Act XII"
3.2.6 16 February: " Act XIV"
3.2.7 16 March: " Act XVIII"
3.2.8 7 September: " Act XLIII"
3.2.9 21 September: " Act XLV"
3.3 2020
3.3.1 25 July
3.3.2 12 September
3.3.3 10–12 October
3.4 Anti-security protests
3.4.1 2020
3.4.2 2021
4 Fatalities and injuries
5 Impact
5.1 Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
5.2 Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
5.3 Christmas shopping season
5.4 Vinci growth
5.5 Tourism
5.6 Cultural impact
6 Reactions and counter-protest
6.1 Comparisons
6.2 Foulards rouges (red scarves)
6.3 Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
7 Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
7.1 Belgium
7.2 Other countries or regions
8 Notable members
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Background
The issue on which the French movement centred at first was the projected 2019 increase in fuel taxes, particularly on diesel fuel. The yellow vest was an accessible symbol for the protests, as all French drivers have been required to have one in their vehicles since 2008. General discontentment
Already low in early 2018 (47% approval in January 2018 ), French President Emmanuel Macron 's approval rating had dipped below 25% at the beginning of the movement. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#7_733485165 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: Act XVIII"
3.2.8 7 September: " Act XLIII"
3.2.9 21 September: " Act XLV"
3.3 2020
3.3.1 25 July
3.3.2 12 September
3.3.3 10–12 October
3.4 Anti-security protests
3.4.1 2020
3.4.2 2021
4 Fatalities and injuries
5 Impact
5.1 Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
5.2 Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
5.3 Christmas shopping season
5.4 Vinci growth
5.5 Tourism
5.6 Cultural impact
6 Reactions and counter-protest
6.1 Comparisons
6.2 Foulards rouges (red scarves)
6.3 Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
7 Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
7.1 Belgium
7.2 Other countries or regions
8 Notable members
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Background
The issue on which the French movement centred at first was the projected 2019 increase in fuel taxes, particularly on diesel fuel. The yellow vest was an accessible symbol for the protests, as all French drivers have been required to have one in their vehicles since 2008. General discontentment
Already low in early 2018 (47% approval in January 2018 ), French President Emmanuel Macron 's approval rating had dipped below 25% at the beginning of the movement. The government's method of curbing the budget deficit had proven unpopular, with Macron being dubbed the "président des très riches" (president of the very rich) by his former boss, François Hollande. Late in June 2017, Macron's Minister of Justice, François Bayrou, came under pressure to resign, due to the ongoing investigation into the financial arrangements of the political party ( MoDem) he leads. During a radio interview in August 2018, Nicolas Hulot had resigned from the Ministry of the Environment, without telling either the President or the Prime Minister of his plans to do so. Criticized for his role in the Benalla affair, Gérard Collomb tried to resign in October 2018 as Minister of the Interior—leaving himself with only two jobs, as senator and mayor of Lyon—but saw his resignation initially refused, then finally accepted. Diesel
In the 1950s, diesel engines were used only in heavy equipment so, to help sell off the surpluses in French refineries, the state created a favorable tax regime to encourage motorists and manufacturers to use diesel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#8_733489021 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: The government's method of curbing the budget deficit had proven unpopular, with Macron being dubbed the "président des très riches" (president of the very rich) by his former boss, François Hollande. Late in June 2017, Macron's Minister of Justice, François Bayrou, came under pressure to resign, due to the ongoing investigation into the financial arrangements of the political party ( MoDem) he leads. During a radio interview in August 2018, Nicolas Hulot had resigned from the Ministry of the Environment, without telling either the President or the Prime Minister of his plans to do so. Criticized for his role in the Benalla affair, Gérard Collomb tried to resign in October 2018 as Minister of the Interior—leaving himself with only two jobs, as senator and mayor of Lyon—but saw his resignation initially refused, then finally accepted. Diesel
In the 1950s, diesel engines were used only in heavy equipment so, to help sell off the surpluses in French refineries, the state created a favorable tax regime to encourage motorists and manufacturers to use diesel. The 1979 oil crisis prompted efforts to curb petrol (gasoline) use, while taking advantage of diesel fuel availability and diesel engine efficiency. The French manufacturer Peugeot has been at the forefront of diesel technology, and from the 1980s, the French government favoured this technology. A reduction in VAT taxes for corporate fleets also increased the prevalence of diesel cars in France. In 2015, two out of every three cars purchased consumed diesel fuel. Fuel prices
The price of petrol (SP95-E10) decreased during 2018, from €1.47 per litre (USD $6.24/gallon) in January to €1.43 per litre (USD $6.07/gallon) in the last week of November. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#9_733492322 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: The 1979 oil crisis prompted efforts to curb petrol (gasoline) use, while taking advantage of diesel fuel availability and diesel engine efficiency. The French manufacturer Peugeot has been at the forefront of diesel technology, and from the 1980s, the French government favoured this technology. A reduction in VAT taxes for corporate fleets also increased the prevalence of diesel cars in France. In 2015, two out of every three cars purchased consumed diesel fuel. Fuel prices
The price of petrol (SP95-E10) decreased during 2018, from €1.47 per litre (USD $6.24/gallon) in January to €1.43 per litre (USD $6.07/gallon) in the last week of November. Prices of petrol and diesel fuel increased by 15 percent and 23 percent respectively between October 2017 and October 2018. The world market purchase price of petrol for distributors increased by 28 percent over the previous year; for diesel, by 35 percent. Costs of distribution increased by 40 percent. VAT included, diesel taxes increased by 14 percent over one year and petrol taxes by 7.5 percent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#10_733494918 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: Prices of petrol and diesel fuel increased by 15 percent and 23 percent respectively between October 2017 and October 2018. The world market purchase price of petrol for distributors increased by 28 percent over the previous year; for diesel, by 35 percent. Costs of distribution increased by 40 percent. VAT included, diesel taxes increased by 14 percent over one year and petrol taxes by 7.5 percent. The tax increase had been 7.6 cents per litre on diesel and 3.9 cents on petrol in 2018, with a further increase of 6.5 cents on diesel and 2.9 cents on petrol planned for 1 January 2019. The taxes collected on the sale of fuel are: The domestic consumption tax on energy products (TICPE, la Taxe intérieure de consommation sur les produits énergétiques ), which is not calculated based on the price of oil, but rather at a fixed rate by volume. Part of this tax, paid at the pump, goes to regional governments, while another portion goes to the national government. Since 2014, this tax has included a carbon component—increased each year—in an effort to reduce fossil fuel consumption. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_657674267#11_733497564 | Title: Yellow vests movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Yellow vests movement
Yellow vests movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
General discontentment
Diesel
Fuel prices
Speed limit reduction
Economic reforms
Yellow vest symbol
Origin
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of the yellow vests movement
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
15 December: "Act V"
22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
12 January: "Act IX"
19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
2 February: "Act XII"
16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
7 September: "Act XLIII"
21 September: "Act XLV"
2020
25 July
12 September
10–12 October
Anti-security protests
2020
2021
Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Christmas shopping season
Vinci growth
Tourism
Cultural impact
Reactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Foulards rouges (red scarves)
Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Protests outside France adopting yellow vests as a symbol
Belgium
Other countries or regions
Notable members
See also
References
External links
Content: The tax increase had been 7.6 cents per litre on diesel and 3.9 cents on petrol in 2018, with a further increase of 6.5 cents on diesel and 2.9 cents on petrol planned for 1 January 2019. The taxes collected on the sale of fuel are: The domestic consumption tax on energy products (TICPE, la Taxe intérieure de consommation sur les produits énergétiques ), which is not calculated based on the price of oil, but rather at a fixed rate by volume. Part of this tax, paid at the pump, goes to regional governments, while another portion goes to the national government. Since 2014, this tax has included a carbon component—increased each year—in an effort to reduce fossil fuel consumption. The TICPE for diesel fuel was raised sharply in 2017 and 2018 to bring it to the same level as the tax on petrol. Value added tax (VAT), calculated on the sum of the price excluding tax and the TICPE. Its rate has been stable at 20 percent since 2014, after having been at 19.6 percent between 2000 and 2014. The protest movement against fuel prices mainly concerns individuals, as a number of professions and activities benefit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_671323482#4_748318137 | Title: You're in the Movies - Wikipedia
Headings: You're in the Movies
You're in the Movies
Contents
Gameplay
Development
Release and promotion
Critical reception
Reception
References
External links
Content: There were two main things: the segmentation technology and the creative aspect of it--coming out with things that are fun, coming up with enough variety. We've got loads of genres in there, from horror movies to sci-fi movies. Coming up with all of those different things and coming up with the games as well, making the two things kind of intermix, so keeping an eye on that, the management of that, and making sure everything worked was a challenge. The developers first had to prove that the game all worked. They made what's called a "vertical slide" of the game, where they made one movie and they thought about all the games that would make the actions. Trowers said that they "wanted people to be able to share movies" and "give people the freedom to do what they wanted". All of the movie themes and mini-games were conceived by the creative-design team, which they decided the movie themes would have an old B-movie feel. Trowers notes the making of the mini-games to be "quite an organic process": " Sometimes we'd have a movie and we'd say OK, we want the player to do this in the scene, which is the action we want, so try to think of a game idea for this. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27re_in_the_Movies |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_671323482#5_748319706 | Title: You're in the Movies - Wikipedia
Headings: You're in the Movies
You're in the Movies
Contents
Gameplay
Development
Release and promotion
Critical reception
Reception
References
External links
Content: They made what's called a "vertical slide" of the game, where they made one movie and they thought about all the games that would make the actions. Trowers said that they "wanted people to be able to share movies" and "give people the freedom to do what they wanted". All of the movie themes and mini-games were conceived by the creative-design team, which they decided the movie themes would have an old B-movie feel. Trowers notes the making of the mini-games to be "quite an organic process": " Sometimes we'd have a movie and we'd say OK, we want the player to do this in the scene, which is the action we want, so try to think of a game idea for this. But other times we'd be thinking, "Oh, you know what, we got this great idea for a game and these are the essential actions we can get out of it, how are we going to use it in movies?" So it was really a three-way process, trying to figure out what we could get people to do, what would be fun, how it would fit in the movie—it wasn't just one process of doing it, it had to go both ways". There had also been a few more movie ideas, but they were left out of the game. Release and promotion
The developers originally thought the game's target audience would be fairly adult-age. Towers notes: " | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27re_in_the_Movies |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_681355216#0_761697956 | Title: Youth advocate - Wikipedia
Headings: Youth advocate
Youth advocate
References
See also
Content: Youth advocate - Wikipedia
Youth advocate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The examples and perspective in this Australia may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this Australia, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new Australia, as appropriate. ( December 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A youth advocate is a person who acts in the best interests of the youth that they are working with. The overall purpose of a youth advocate is to ensure that youth maintain their human rights while aiding in skill development in all areas of life such as education, health, housing, employment, relationships, etc. A youth advocate aims to prevent youth from experiencing diminished self-esteem while interacting with adults who hold professional authoritative roles in their life. Examples of these adults are judges, lawyers, teachers, etc. Travis Lloyd, a speaker on the subject, describes a youth advocate as one who plays a significant supportive role in the social and legal processes in the lives of young people, especially homeless and foster youth who lack family support. In consideration of the legal aspects, the National Association of Youth Courts describes a youth advocate as a person who provides support to a youth respondent or defendant during a hearing. A youth advocate additionally, not only ensures that youth maintain their human rights, but also that their perspective and feelings about services or systems are heard. Many youth advocates have previous experiences that are similar to what the youth they are serving are experiencing themselves. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_advocate |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_681355216#1_761699900 | Title: Youth advocate - Wikipedia
Headings: Youth advocate
Youth advocate
References
See also
Content: Examples of these adults are judges, lawyers, teachers, etc. Travis Lloyd, a speaker on the subject, describes a youth advocate as one who plays a significant supportive role in the social and legal processes in the lives of young people, especially homeless and foster youth who lack family support. In consideration of the legal aspects, the National Association of Youth Courts describes a youth advocate as a person who provides support to a youth respondent or defendant during a hearing. A youth advocate additionally, not only ensures that youth maintain their human rights, but also that their perspective and feelings about services or systems are heard. Many youth advocates have previous experiences that are similar to what the youth they are serving are experiencing themselves. This is important because it makes it easier for the youth advocate to empathize with their clients. Often youth going through services or systems (whether it be mental health, juvenile justice, substance use issues, foster care, or homelessness) can be dehumanized, their opinions/feelings/insight ignored, and further traumatized. When a youth advocate (who understands what those situations can feel like) steps into a young persons life, it is often transformational for that youth and can lead them to a path of stability and success. References
^ http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/proceedings/09/finlayson.pdf
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_advocate |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_681867438#1_762184898 | Title: Youth vote in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Youth vote in the United States
Youth vote in the United States
Contents
History of the Youth Vote
Variables affecting the youth vote in the United States
Voting process
Two party system
Frequent change of residence
Lack of candidate contact
Volunteering efforts
Efforts to encourage youth vote
Organizations
Campaign strategies
Legislation
See also
Further reading
References
External links
Content: Ever since 18-year-olds were given the right to vote in 1972, youth have been under represented at the polls as of 2003. In 1976, one of the first elections in which 18-year-olds were able to vote, 18–24 year-olds made up 18 percent of all eligible voters in America, but only 13 percent of the actual voters – an under-representation of one-third. In the next election in 1978, youth were under-represented by 50 percent. " Seven out of ten young people…did not vote in the 1996 presidential election… 20 percent below the general turnout." In 1998, out of the 13 percent of eligible youth voters in America, only five percent voted. During the competitive presidential race of 2000, 36 percent of youth turned out to vote and in 2004, the "banner year in the history of youth voting," 47 percent of the American youth voted. In the Democratic primaries for the 2008 U.S. presidential election, the number of youth voters tripled and even quadrupled in some states compared to the 2004 elections. In 2008, Barack Obama spoke about the contributions of young people to his election campaign outside of just voter turnout. Contents
1 History of the Youth Vote
2 Variables affecting the youth vote in the United States
2.1 Voting process
2.2 Two party system
2.3 Frequent change of residence
2.4 Lack of candidate contact
2.5 Volunteering efforts
3 Efforts to encourage youth vote
3.1 Organizations
3.2 Campaign strategies
3.3 Legislation
4 See also
5 Further reading
6 References
7 External links
History of the Youth Vote
Initially, the framers of the U.S. Constitution and state voting laws were skeptical of the role of young people in American politics. States uniformly set 21 as the voting age, although Connecticut debated lowering it to 18 in 1819. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_vote_in_the_United_States |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_681867438#2_762187356 | Title: Youth vote in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Youth vote in the United States
Youth vote in the United States
Contents
History of the Youth Vote
Variables affecting the youth vote in the United States
Voting process
Two party system
Frequent change of residence
Lack of candidate contact
Volunteering efforts
Efforts to encourage youth vote
Organizations
Campaign strategies
Legislation
See also
Further reading
References
External links
Content: During the competitive presidential race of 2000, 36 percent of youth turned out to vote and in 2004, the "banner year in the history of youth voting," 47 percent of the American youth voted. In the Democratic primaries for the 2008 U.S. presidential election, the number of youth voters tripled and even quadrupled in some states compared to the 2004 elections. In 2008, Barack Obama spoke about the contributions of young people to his election campaign outside of just voter turnout. Contents
1 History of the Youth Vote
2 Variables affecting the youth vote in the United States
2.1 Voting process
2.2 Two party system
2.3 Frequent change of residence
2.4 Lack of candidate contact
2.5 Volunteering efforts
3 Efforts to encourage youth vote
3.1 Organizations
3.2 Campaign strategies
3.3 Legislation
4 See also
5 Further reading
6 References
7 External links
History of the Youth Vote
Initially, the framers of the U.S. Constitution and state voting laws were skeptical of the role of young people in American politics. States uniformly set 21 as the voting age, although Connecticut debated lowering it to 18 in 1819. In general, young Americans were expected to be deferential to their elders, and John Adams famously cautioned that expanding suffrage would encourage "lads from twelve to twenty-one" to demand the right to vote. Yet as the suffrage expanded to non-property-holders in the early 1800s, young people came to play a larger role in politics. During the rise of Jacksonian Democracy, youths often organized Young Men’s clubs in support of the Democratic, National Republican, Whig, or Anti-Masonic parties. Presidential campaigns often organized torch-lit rallies of thousands of marchers, and analyses of these club rosters show that members were often in their late teens and early twenties. The demands of popular democracy – which often drew voter turnouts above 80% of eligible voters – led political machines to rely on youths as cheap, enthusiastic campaigners for political machines. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_vote_in_the_United_States |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_681955307#0_762280265 | Title: YouTube suspensions - Wikipedia
Headings: YouTube suspensions
YouTube suspensions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Policy
List of notable suspensions
See also
References
Content: YouTube suspensions - Wikipedia
YouTube suspensions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Youtube suspensions)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
List of notable suspensions of accounts or individuals by YouTube
This article is missing information about subscriber counts. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. ( September 2020)
YouTube may suspend accounts, temporarily or permanently, from their social networking service. Suspensions of high-profile individuals from YouTube are unusual and when they occur often attract attention in the media
Contents
1 Policy
2 List of notable suspensions
3 See also
4 References
Policy
Users who are permanently suspended from YouTube, based on violations of YouTube's terms of service, are not told which of their uploads or comments were the cause; they are told only that their accounts will not be restored, and which of YouTube's rules the company says were violated. List of notable suspensions
Individual/account
Description
Date
Reason for suspension
Subscriber count
Wael Abbas
Journalist, blogger, and human rights activist
September 2007
Videos of police brutality, voting irregularities and anti-government protests in Egypt removed from YouTube. Toy Freaks
Single father of two
22 November 2017
After being highlighted in a Medium article, the top-100 channel, which had over 8 million subscribers at the time, was terminated for violating its child endangerment policy, which they had recently revised in response to media coverage of supposedly child-friendly videos containing disturbing content on YouTube. Logan Paul
Internet personality, actor, director and musician
February 2018
YouTube suspended all advertising on Paul's channels due to his pattern of behavior. The suspension was lifted 18 days later. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube_suspensions |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_681955307#3_762286111 | Title: YouTube suspensions - Wikipedia
Headings: YouTube suspensions
YouTube suspensions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Policy
List of notable suspensions
See also
References
Content: They initially refused to. 550K
Fantastic Adventures
Mother, Director and comedian
C. 2019
Violating child endangerment guidelines
Steven Crowder
Commentator, actor, and comedian
June 2019
After initially stating that Crowder's videos did not violate their policies, YouTube demonetized Crowder's channels due to continued "egregious" actions that have harmed the broader community. Soph (formerly LtCorbis)
YouTuber
5 August 2019
Soph's YouTube account was terminated for posting a homophobic video that ended with "threats". Her Patreon was also terminated. 210 accounts
23 August 2019
210 YouTube channels involved in "coordinated influence operations" towards the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests were suspended. Red Ice TV
Far-right
October 2019
Red Ice's channel was terminated due to violations of hate speech. Later, their second channel was also terminated. James Charles, FaZe Rug, FaZe Kay, Leah Ashe, and others
Number of YouTubers
5 November 2019
Some popular YouTubers including James Charles, FaZe Rug and others were accidentally terminated for unknown reasons. Richard Spencer, Stefan Molyneux, and two accounts associated with white nationalist group American Renaissance, former Ku Klux Klan grand wizard David Duke, and NPI/Radix
Prominent far-right figures
June 2020
Violation of hate speech policies. Wiley
Rapper
5 August 2020
Banned after antisemitic rant. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube_suspensions |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#0_771747216 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Zabriskie Point
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about a place in the United States. For other uses, see Zabriskie Point (disambiguation). Coordinates: 36°25′12″N 116°48′40″W
/ 36.42000°N 116.81111°W / 36.42000; -116.81111
Zabriskie Point is a part of the Amargosa Range located east of Death Valley in Death Valley National Park in California, United States, noted for its erosional landscape. It is composed of sediments from Furnace Creek Lake, which dried up 5 million years ago—long before Death Valley came into existence. Panoramic view from Zabriskie Point
Another panoramic view from Zabriskie Point, at sunrise
Contents
1 Name
2 History
3 In popular culture
4 References
Name
Portrait of Christian Brevoort Zabriskie, on an interpretive sign at the Zabriskie Point site in Death Valley National Park
The location was named after Christian Brevoort Zabriskie, vice-president and general manager of the Pacific Coast Borax Company in the early 20th century. The company's twenty-mule teams were used to transport borax from its mining operations in Death Valley. History
Millions of years prior to the actual sinking and widening of Death Valley and the existence of Lake Manly (see Geology of the Death Valley area ), another lake covered a large portion of Death Valley including the area around Zabriskie Point. This ancient lake began forming approximately nine million years ago. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#1_771749081 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: It is composed of sediments from Furnace Creek Lake, which dried up 5 million years ago—long before Death Valley came into existence. Panoramic view from Zabriskie Point
Another panoramic view from Zabriskie Point, at sunrise
Contents
1 Name
2 History
3 In popular culture
4 References
Name
Portrait of Christian Brevoort Zabriskie, on an interpretive sign at the Zabriskie Point site in Death Valley National Park
The location was named after Christian Brevoort Zabriskie, vice-president and general manager of the Pacific Coast Borax Company in the early 20th century. The company's twenty-mule teams were used to transport borax from its mining operations in Death Valley. History
Millions of years prior to the actual sinking and widening of Death Valley and the existence of Lake Manly (see Geology of the Death Valley area ), another lake covered a large portion of Death Valley including the area around Zabriskie Point. This ancient lake began forming approximately nine million years ago. During several million years of the lake's existence, sediments were collecting at the bottom in the form of saline muds, gravels from nearby mountains, and ashfalls from the then-active Black Mountain volcanic field. These sediments combined to form what we today call the Furnace Creek Formation. The climate along Furnace Creek Lake was dry, but not nearly as dry as in the present. Camels, mastodons, horses, carnivores, and birds left tracks in the lakeshore muds, along with fossilized grass and reeds. Borates, which made up a large portion of Death Valley's historical past were concentrated in the lakebeds from hot spring waters and alteration of rhyolite in the nearby volcanic field. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#2_771751099 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: During several million years of the lake's existence, sediments were collecting at the bottom in the form of saline muds, gravels from nearby mountains, and ashfalls from the then-active Black Mountain volcanic field. These sediments combined to form what we today call the Furnace Creek Formation. The climate along Furnace Creek Lake was dry, but not nearly as dry as in the present. Camels, mastodons, horses, carnivores, and birds left tracks in the lakeshore muds, along with fossilized grass and reeds. Borates, which made up a large portion of Death Valley's historical past were concentrated in the lakebeds from hot spring waters and alteration of rhyolite in the nearby volcanic field. Weathering and alteration by thermal waters are also responsible for the variety of colors represented there. Close-up of Red Cathedral, to the right of Manly Beacon
Regional mountains building to the west influenced the climate to become more and more arid, causing the lake to dry up, and creating a dry lake. Subsequent widening and sinking of Death Valley and the additional uplift of today's Black Mountains tilted the area. This provided the necessary relief to accomplish the erosion that produced the badlands we see today. The dark-colored material capping the badland ridges (to the left in the panoramic photograph) is lava from eruptions that occurred three to five million years ago. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#3_771752803 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: Weathering and alteration by thermal waters are also responsible for the variety of colors represented there. Close-up of Red Cathedral, to the right of Manly Beacon
Regional mountains building to the west influenced the climate to become more and more arid, causing the lake to dry up, and creating a dry lake. Subsequent widening and sinking of Death Valley and the additional uplift of today's Black Mountains tilted the area. This provided the necessary relief to accomplish the erosion that produced the badlands we see today. The dark-colored material capping the badland ridges (to the left in the panoramic photograph) is lava from eruptions that occurred three to five million years ago. This hard lava cap has retarded erosion in many places and possibly explains why Manly Beacon, the high outcrop to the right, is much higher than other portion of the badlands. Manly Beacon was named in honor of William L. Manly, who along with John Rogers, guided members of the ill-fated Forty-niners out of Death Valley during the gold rush of 1849. View of Manly Beacon from Zabriskie Point, showing convolutions, texture, and color contrasts in the eroded rock
The primary source of borate minerals gathered from Death Valley's playas is Furnace Creek Formation. The Formation is made up of over 5000 feet (1500 m) of mudstone, siltstone, and conglomerate. The borates were concentrated in these lakebeds from hot spring waters and altered rhyolite from nearby volcanic fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#4_771754595 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: This hard lava cap has retarded erosion in many places and possibly explains why Manly Beacon, the high outcrop to the right, is much higher than other portion of the badlands. Manly Beacon was named in honor of William L. Manly, who along with John Rogers, guided members of the ill-fated Forty-niners out of Death Valley during the gold rush of 1849. View of Manly Beacon from Zabriskie Point, showing convolutions, texture, and color contrasts in the eroded rock
The primary source of borate minerals gathered from Death Valley's playas is Furnace Creek Formation. The Formation is made up of over 5000 feet (1500 m) of mudstone, siltstone, and conglomerate. The borates were concentrated in these lakebeds from hot spring waters and altered rhyolite from nearby volcanic fields. In popular culture
Zabriskie Point is also the name of a 1970 movie by Italian director Michelangelo Antonioni; its soundtrack features music by British band Pink Floyd and Jerry Garcia . The philosopher Michel Foucault called his 1975 acid trip at Zabriskie Point the greatest experience of his life. This location is featured prominently on the cover of U2 's album The Joshua Tree . This location was used to represent the surface of Mars in the 1964 film Robinson Crusoe on Mars . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#6_771757811 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: Zabriskie Point is the name of Radio Massacre International 's album released in 2000. Zabriskie Point is a Soviet code for a location on the surface of the Moon in Omon Ra, a dystopian thriller novel by Victor Pelevin . Zabriskie Point is a significant location in the novels Fall of Night, Dust and Decay, and Fire and Ash by Jonathan Maberry, in each case, as the location of a top secret chemical and biological research station. Zabriskie Point was used as a film location for the 1960 Universal film Spartacus, showing Gladiator school boss Peter Ustinov on muleback trekking to an Egyptian mine to buy slaves to put in training. Shots taken from Zabriskie Point of Red Cathedral and Manly Beacon were used as the basis for shots that were then digitally altered to form the planet of Arvala-7 in the first season of The Mandalorian. References
^ "Death Valley geology field trip: Harmony Borax Works". United States Geological Survey. 2016-12-13. Retrieved 2018-09-18. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#8_771759645 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: ^ Macey, David (1995). The Lives of Michel Foucault: A Biography. Vintage. ISBN 978-0679757924. ^ Filming Locations Guide: Where was The Mandalorian filmed? Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zabriskie Point. v
t
e
Death Valley and Death Valley National Park
Fauna, flora and minerals
Amargosa springsnail
Badwater snail
Borax
Chuckwalla
Death Valley monkeyflower
Death Valley pupfish
Death Valley June beetle
Devils Hole pupfish
Saratoga Springs pupfish
History
Amargosa Opera House and Hotel
Badwater
Death Valley Railroad
Greenwater
Harmony Borax Works
Lake Manly ( Badwater Basin)
Skidoo
Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad
Twenty-mule team
Places
Amargosa Range / River / Valley
Ash Meadows NWR
Badwater Basin
Ballarat
Beatty
Black Mountains
Chloride City
Cottonwood Mountains
Dante's View
Darwin Falls
Death Valley Junction
Devil's Golf Course
Eureka Valley / Dunes
Funeral Mountains
Furnace Creek
Panamint City / Panamint Range / Panamint Springs / Panamint Valley
Rainbow Canyon
Racetrack Playa
Rhyolite
Saline Valley
Saratoga Springs
Scotty's Castle
Stovepipe Wells
Telescope Peak
Trona
Ubehebe Crater
Zabriskie Point
Transportation
California: SR 127
SR 178
SR 190
Trona Railway
Nevada: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#9_771761208 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: ^ Filming Locations Guide: Where was The Mandalorian filmed? Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zabriskie Point. v
t
e
Death Valley and Death Valley National Park
Fauna, flora and minerals
Amargosa springsnail
Badwater snail
Borax
Chuckwalla
Death Valley monkeyflower
Death Valley pupfish
Death Valley June beetle
Devils Hole pupfish
Saratoga Springs pupfish
History
Amargosa Opera House and Hotel
Badwater
Death Valley Railroad
Greenwater
Harmony Borax Works
Lake Manly ( Badwater Basin)
Skidoo
Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad
Twenty-mule team
Places
Amargosa Range / River / Valley
Ash Meadows NWR
Badwater Basin
Ballarat
Beatty
Black Mountains
Chloride City
Cottonwood Mountains
Dante's View
Darwin Falls
Death Valley Junction
Devil's Golf Course
Eureka Valley / Dunes
Funeral Mountains
Furnace Creek
Panamint City / Panamint Range / Panamint Springs / Panamint Valley
Rainbow Canyon
Racetrack Playa
Rhyolite
Saline Valley
Saratoga Springs
Scotty's Castle
Stovepipe Wells
Telescope Peak
Trona
Ubehebe Crater
Zabriskie Point
Transportation
California: SR 127
SR 178
SR 190
Trona Railway
Nevada: US 95
SR 267
SR 373
SR 374
Authority control
GND: 118694885X
VIAF: 8936155919132439730004
WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 8936155919132439730004
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zabriskie_Point&oldid=1009863825 "
Categories: Death Valley
Death Valley National Park
Rock formations of California
Mojave Desert
Landforms of Inyo County, California
Hidden categories: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_690527615#10_771763083 | Title: Zabriskie Point - Wikipedia
Headings: Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point
Contents
Name
History
In popular culture
References
Content: US 95
SR 267
SR 373
SR 374
Authority control
GND: 118694885X
VIAF: 8936155919132439730004
WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 8936155919132439730004
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zabriskie_Point&oldid=1009863825 "
Categories: Death Valley
Death Valley National Park
Rock formations of California
Mojave Desert
Landforms of Inyo County, California
Hidden categories: Coordinates on Wikidata
All accuracy disputes
Articles with disputed statements from October 2019
Commons category link is on Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabriskie_Point |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_692230720#12_773741685 | Title: Zadar - Wikipedia
Headings: Zadar
Zadar
Contents
Etymology and historical names
Geography
Climate
History
Historical affiliations
Prehistory
Antiquity
Early Middle Ages
High Middle Ages
15th to 18th centuries
19th and 20th centuries
Italy (1918–1947)
World War II
SFR Yugoslavia (1947–1991)
Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
Main sights
Architecture
Culture
City government
Mayoral election
Population
Economy
Education
University
Science
Transportation
Sports
International relations
See also
References
Sources
External links
Content: Zara was later used by the Austrian Empire in the 19th century, but it was provisionally changed to Zadar/Zara from 1910 to 1920; from 1920 to 1947 the city became part of Italy as Zara, and finally was named Zadar in 1947. Geography
Zadar Bridge
Zadar faces the islands of Ugljan and Pašman (part of the Zadar Archipelago ), from which it is separated by the narrow Zadar Strait. The promontory on which the old city stands used to be separated from the mainland by a deep moat which has since been filled. The harbour, to the north-east of the town, is safe and spacious. Climate
Zadar has a borderline humid subtropical ( Cfa) and Mediterranean climate ( Csa ), since only one summer month has less than 40 millimetres (1.6 in) of rainfall, preventing it from being classified as solely humid subtropical or Mediterranean. Zadar has mild, wet winters and very warm, humid summers. Average annual rainfall is in excess of 917 mm (36.10 in). July and August are the hottest months, with an average high temperature around 29–30 °C (84–86 °F). The highest temperature ever was 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) on 5 August 2017 at the Zadar Zemunik station (records since 1981) and 36.3 °C (97.3 °F) at the old Zadar climate station (records since 1961). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadar |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_699348162#9_782341773 | Title: Zermatt - Wikipedia
Headings: Zermatt
Zermatt
Contents
Etymology
Geography
Climate
Tourism
Transport
Skiing in Zermatt
Sunnegga
Gornergrat
Klein Matterhorn / Schwarzsee
History of the lift system
Developments
Coat of arms
Demographics
Notable people
Heritage sites of national significance
Politics
Economy
Religion
Education
Crime
See also
References
External links
Content: Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 54 ha (130 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 160 ha (400 acres). Climate
Zermatt has a subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification: Dfc ). Summertime is very pleasant in Zermatt, with mild days and cool nights, while winter is cold and snowy, with highs around freezing and annual snowfall averaging 128 inches (325 cm). Climate data for Zermatt (Reference period 1981–2010)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high °C (°F)
0.2
(32.4)
1.3
(34.3)
3.7
(38.7)
7.3
(45.1)
12.1
(53.8)
15.6
(60.1)
18.9
(66.0)
17.9
(64.2)
15.4
(59.7)
11.2
(52.2)
4.6
(40.3)
1.1
(34.0)
9.1
(48.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−4.8
(23.4)
−4.0
(24.8)
−1.5
(29.3)
2.0
(35.6)
6.7
(44.1)
10.0
(50.0)
12.5
(54.5)
11.7
(53.1)
9.0
(48.2)
4.8
(40.6)
−0.8
(30.6)
−3.8
(25.2)
3.5
(38.3)
Average low °C (°F)
−8.4
(16.9)
−7.8
(18.0)
−5.5
(22.1)
−2.2
(28.0)
2.1
(35.8)
4.8
(40.6)
6.8
(44.2)
6.7
(44.1)
4.2
(39.6)
0.7
(33.3)
−4.0
(24.8)
−7.1
(19.2)
−0.8
(30.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
43
(1.7)
46
(1.8)
49
(1.9)
50
(2.0)
61
(2.4)
56
(2.2)
47
(1.9)
60
(2.4)
41
(1.6)
55
(2.2)
55
(2.2)
48
(1.9)
611
(24.1)
Average snowfall cm (inches)
54.5
(21.5)
58.7
(23.1)
46.6
(18.3)
37.6
(14.8)
10.1
(4.0)
2.2
(0.9)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
1.1
(0.4)
6.2
(2.4)
40.9
(16.1)
66.8
(26.3)
324.7
(127.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
6.6
6.3
7.7
6.7
10.0
8.6
8.9
9.9
6.9
6.7
7.0
6.7
92.0
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm)
8.0
7.0
5.4
4.1
1.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.5
5.4
7.2
45.3
Average relative humidity (%)
65
66
65
66
67
68
65
70
70
67
67
66
67
Mean monthly sunshine hours
85
103
135
146
159
175
200
185
166
139
93
81
1,666
Percent possible sunshine
54
58
56
58
56
60
68
68
69
65
58
55
61
Source: MeteoSwiss
Tourism
Cable car heading towards Klein Matterhorn
Poster by Emil Cardinaux advertising Zermatt (1908)
The village was "discovered" by mid-nineteenth-century British mountaineers, most notably Edward Whymper, whose summit of the Matterhorn made the village famous. The Matterhorn was one of the last alpine mountains to be summitted (in 1865), and the first expedition that reached the top ended dramatically with only 3 of the 7 climbers surviving the descent. The story is related in the Matterhorn Museum . Zermatt is a starting point for hikes into the mountains, including the Haute Route that leads to Chamonix in France and the Patrouille des Glaciers. Cable cars and chair lifts carry skiers in the winter and hikers in the summer; | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermatt |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_708123901#2_791926194 | Title: Ziziphus obtusifolia - Wikipedia
Headings: Ziziphus obtusifolia
Ziziphus obtusifolia
Contents
Distribution
Description
References
External links
Content: Z. obtusifolia
Binomial name
Ziziphus obtusifolia
( Hook. ex Torr. & A.Gray) A. Gray
Ziziphus obtusifolia is a species of flowering plant in the buckthorn family known by several common names, including lotebush, graythorn, gumdrop tree, and Texas buckthorn. Contents
1 Distribution
2 Description
3 References
4 External links
Distribution
The plant is native to the South Central and Southwestern United States, the California deserts, and central through northern Mexico. It grows in shrubby and scrubby desert habitats, grasslands and prairie, woodlands, and other habitat types. It can be found among desert plants such as honey mesquite, smooth mesquite, ocotillo and creosote. Description
Ziziphus obtusifolia is a shrub with many branches forming a thorny tangle which may exceed 3 metres (9.8 ft) tall and approach 4 metres (13 ft) at times. The leaves are deciduous and are absent for much of the year, leaving the shrub a naked thicket of gray twigs coated in waxy whitish hairs. The ends of the twigs taper into sharp-tipped thorns. The thick, glandular gray or green leaves have oval blades 1 or 2 centimeters long. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_obtusifolia |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_711488317#0_795801673 | Title: Zoning - Wikipedia
Headings: Zoning
Zoning
Contents
Scope
Origins and history of zoning
Types
Single-use zoning
History
Criticisms
Mixed-use zoning
Form-based zoning
Conditional zoning
Pattern zoning
By country
Australia
Canada
France
Japan
New Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
United States
Scale
Types in use in the United States
Social problems in the United States
United Kingdom
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Zoning - Wikipedia
Zoning
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A government policy allowing certain uses of land in different places
This article is about the land-use planning practice. For other uses, see Zoning (disambiguation). Zoning is a method of urban planning in which a municipality or other tier of government divides land into areas called zones, each of which has a set of regulations for new development that differs from other zones. Zones may be defined for a single use (e.g. residential, industrial ), they may combine several compatible activities by use, or in the case of form-based zoning, the differing regulations may govern the density, size and shape of allowed buildings whatever their use. The planning rules for each zone, determine whether planning permission for a given development may be granted. Zoning may specify a variety of outright and conditional uses of land. It may indicate the size and dimensions of lots that land may be subdivided into, or the form and scale of buildings. These guidelines are set in order to guide urban growth and development. Zoning is the most common regulatory urban planning method used by local governments in developed countries. Exceptions include the United Kingdom and the City of Houston, Texas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_711488317#1_795803615 | Title: Zoning - Wikipedia
Headings: Zoning
Zoning
Contents
Scope
Origins and history of zoning
Types
Single-use zoning
History
Criticisms
Mixed-use zoning
Form-based zoning
Conditional zoning
Pattern zoning
By country
Australia
Canada
France
Japan
New Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
United States
Scale
Types in use in the United States
Social problems in the United States
United Kingdom
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Zoning may specify a variety of outright and conditional uses of land. It may indicate the size and dimensions of lots that land may be subdivided into, or the form and scale of buildings. These guidelines are set in order to guide urban growth and development. Zoning is the most common regulatory urban planning method used by local governments in developed countries. Exceptions include the United Kingdom and the City of Houston, Texas. The Zoning Scheme of the General Spatial Plan for the City of Skopje, North Macedonia. Different urban zoning areas are represented by different colours. Contents
1 Scope
2 Origins and history of zoning
3 Types
3.1 Single-use zoning
3.1.1 History
3.1.2 Criticisms
3.2 Mixed-use zoning
3.3 Form-based zoning
3.4 Conditional zoning
3.5 Pattern zoning
4 By country
4.1 Australia
4.2 Canada
4.3 France
4.4 Japan
4.5 New Zealand
4.6 Philippines
4.7 Singapore
4.8 United States
4.8.1 Scale
4.8.2 Types in use in the United States
4.8.3 Social problems in the United States
4.9 United Kingdom
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Scope
The primary purpose of zoning is to segregate uses that are thought to be incompatible. In practice, zoning is also used to prevent new development from interfering with existing uses and/or to preserve the "character" of a community. Zoning may include regulation of the kinds of activities which will be acceptable on particular lots (such as open space, residential, agricultural, commercial or industrial), the densities at which those activities can be performed (from low-density housing such as single family homes to high-density such as high-rise apartment buildings ), the height of buildings, the amount of space structures may occupy, the location of a building on the lot ( setbacks ), the proportions of the types of space on a lot, such as how much landscaped space, impervious surface, traffic lanes, and whether or not parking is provided. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_711488317#2_795806228 | Title: Zoning - Wikipedia
Headings: Zoning
Zoning
Contents
Scope
Origins and history of zoning
Types
Single-use zoning
History
Criticisms
Mixed-use zoning
Form-based zoning
Conditional zoning
Pattern zoning
By country
Australia
Canada
France
Japan
New Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
United States
Scale
Types in use in the United States
Social problems in the United States
United Kingdom
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: The Zoning Scheme of the General Spatial Plan for the City of Skopje, North Macedonia. Different urban zoning areas are represented by different colours. Contents
1 Scope
2 Origins and history of zoning
3 Types
3.1 Single-use zoning
3.1.1 History
3.1.2 Criticisms
3.2 Mixed-use zoning
3.3 Form-based zoning
3.4 Conditional zoning
3.5 Pattern zoning
4 By country
4.1 Australia
4.2 Canada
4.3 France
4.4 Japan
4.5 New Zealand
4.6 Philippines
4.7 Singapore
4.8 United States
4.8.1 Scale
4.8.2 Types in use in the United States
4.8.3 Social problems in the United States
4.9 United Kingdom
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Scope
The primary purpose of zoning is to segregate uses that are thought to be incompatible. In practice, zoning is also used to prevent new development from interfering with existing uses and/or to preserve the "character" of a community. Zoning may include regulation of the kinds of activities which will be acceptable on particular lots (such as open space, residential, agricultural, commercial or industrial), the densities at which those activities can be performed (from low-density housing such as single family homes to high-density such as high-rise apartment buildings ), the height of buildings, the amount of space structures may occupy, the location of a building on the lot ( setbacks ), the proportions of the types of space on a lot, such as how much landscaped space, impervious surface, traffic lanes, and whether or not parking is provided. Zoning is commonly controlled by local governments such as counties or municipalities, though the nature of the zoning regime may be determined or limited by state or national planning authorities or through enabling legislation. In some countries, e. g. France, Germany or Canada, zoning plans must comply with upper-tier (national, regional, state, provincial) planning and policy statements. In the case of Germany this code includes contents of zoning plans as well as the legal procedure. In Australia, land under the control of the Commonwealth (federal) government is not subject to state planning controls. The United States and other federal countries are similar. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_711488317#4_795811135 | Title: Zoning - Wikipedia
Headings: Zoning
Zoning
Contents
Scope
Origins and history of zoning
Types
Single-use zoning
History
Criticisms
Mixed-use zoning
Form-based zoning
Conditional zoning
Pattern zoning
By country
Australia
Canada
France
Japan
New Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
United States
Scale
Types in use in the United States
Social problems in the United States
United Kingdom
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Zoning and urban planning in France and Germany are regulated by national or federal codes. In the case of Germany this code includes contents of zoning plans as well as the legal procedure. The details of how individual planning systems incorporate zoning into their regulatory regimes varies though the intention is always similar. For example, in the state of Victoria, Australia, land use zones are combined with a system of planning scheme overlays to account for the multiplicity of factors that impact on desirable urban outcomes in any location. Most zoning systems have a procedure for granting variances (exceptions to the zoning rules), usually because of some perceived hardship caused by the particular nature of the property in question. Origins and history of zoning
The origins of zoning districts can be traced back to antiquity. The ancient walled city was the predecessor for classifying and regulating land, based on use. Outside the city walls were the undesirable functions, which were usually based on noise and smell; that was also where the poorest people lived. The space between the walls is where unsanitary and dangerous activities occurred such as butchering, waste disposal, and brick-firing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_711488317#8_795818676 | Title: Zoning - Wikipedia
Headings: Zoning
Zoning
Contents
Scope
Origins and history of zoning
Types
Single-use zoning
History
Criticisms
Mixed-use zoning
Form-based zoning
Conditional zoning
Pattern zoning
By country
Australia
Canada
France
Japan
New Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
United States
Scale
Types in use in the United States
Social problems in the United States
United Kingdom
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Throughout the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution, cultural and socio-economic shifts led to the rapid increase in the enforcement and invention of urban regulations. The shifts were informed by a new scientific rationality, the advent of mass production and complex manufacturing, and the subsequent onset of urbanization. Industry leaving the home reshaped modern cities. Overcrowding, pollution, and the urban squalor associated with factories were major concerns that led city officials and planners to consider the need for functional separation of uses. France, Germany, and Britain are where pseudo-zoning was invented to prevent polluting industries to be built in residential areas. Early uses of modern zoning were seen in Germany in the late-19th century. Types
There are a great variety of zoning types, some of which focus on regulating building form and the relation of buildings to the street with mixed uses, known as form-based, others with separating land uses, known as use-based, or a combination thereof. Use-based zoning systems can comprise single-use zones, mixed-use zones - where a compatible group of uses are allowed to co-exist - or a combination of both single and mixed-use zones in one system. Single-use zoning
Example of single-use zoning (Greater Winnipeg District Map, 1947)
Single-use zoning is where only one kind of use is allowed per zone. Known as Euclidean zoning in North America because of a court case in Euclid, Ohio, which established its constitutionality, Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co. 272 U.S. 365 (1926), it has been the dominant system of zoning in North America since its first implementation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_711548621#1_795830946 | Title: Zoning in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Zoning in the United States
Zoning in the United States
Contents
Origins and history
1908–1930
1908 Los Angeles zoning ordinances
Race-based zoning ordinances, 1910–1917
1916 New York Zoning Resolution
Standard State Zoning Enabling Act
Euclid v. Ambler Realty
Houston, 1924–1929
Scope
Mature zoning practices
Legal challenges
Freedom of Speech
Takings after 1987
Equal protection
Religious exercise
Types
Euclidean
Euclidean II
Smart zoning
Performance
Incentive
Form-based
Amendments to zoning regulations
Limitations and criticisms
Circumventions
Social
Exclusionary
Racial
Housing affordability
Environmental
See also
References
External links
Content: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. Such statements should be clarified or removed. ( November 2017)
Unsightly wires were among the targets of late nineteenth century agitation for zoning
Zoning in the United States includes various land use laws falling under the police power rights of state governments and local governments to exercise authority over privately owned real property. The earliest zoning laws originated with the Los Angeles zoning ordinances of 1908 and the New York City Zoning resolution of 1916. Starting in the early 1920s, the United States Commerce Department drafted model zoning and planning ordinances in the 1920s to facilitate states in drafting enabling laws. Also in the early 1920s, a lawsuit challenged a local zoning ordinance in a suburb of Cleveland, which was eventually reviewed by the United States Supreme Court ( Euclid v. Ambler Realty ). According to the New York Times, " single-family zoning is practically gospel in America," as a vast number of cities zone land extensively for detached single-family homes. The housing shortage in many metropolitan areas, coupled with racial residential segregation, has led to increased public focus and political debates on zoning laws. Studies indicate that strict zoning regulations constrain the supply of housing and inflate housing prices. Strict zoning laws have been found to contribute to racial housing segregation in the United States, and zoning laws that prioritize single-family housing have raised concerns regarding housing availability, housing affordability and environmental harms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning_in_the_United_States |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_711548621#2_795833514 | Title: Zoning in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Zoning in the United States
Zoning in the United States
Contents
Origins and history
1908–1930
1908 Los Angeles zoning ordinances
Race-based zoning ordinances, 1910–1917
1916 New York Zoning Resolution
Standard State Zoning Enabling Act
Euclid v. Ambler Realty
Houston, 1924–1929
Scope
Mature zoning practices
Legal challenges
Freedom of Speech
Takings after 1987
Equal protection
Religious exercise
Types
Euclidean
Euclidean II
Smart zoning
Performance
Incentive
Form-based
Amendments to zoning regulations
Limitations and criticisms
Circumventions
Social
Exclusionary
Racial
Housing affordability
Environmental
See also
References
External links
Content: Also in the early 1920s, a lawsuit challenged a local zoning ordinance in a suburb of Cleveland, which was eventually reviewed by the United States Supreme Court ( Euclid v. Ambler Realty ). According to the New York Times, " single-family zoning is practically gospel in America," as a vast number of cities zone land extensively for detached single-family homes. The housing shortage in many metropolitan areas, coupled with racial residential segregation, has led to increased public focus and political debates on zoning laws. Studies indicate that strict zoning regulations constrain the supply of housing and inflate housing prices. Strict zoning laws have been found to contribute to racial housing segregation in the United States, and zoning laws that prioritize single-family housing have raised concerns regarding housing availability, housing affordability and environmental harms. There are no substantial differences between liberal and conservative homeowners in their opposition to the construction of dense housing in their neighborhoods. Contents
1 Origins and history
1.1 1908–1930
1.1.1 1908 Los Angeles zoning ordinances
1.1.2 Race-based zoning ordinances, 1910–1917
1.1.3 1916 New York Zoning Resolution
1.1.4 Standard State Zoning Enabling Act
1.1.5 Euclid v. Ambler Realty
1.1.6 Houston, 1924–1929
2 Scope
3 Mature zoning practices
3.1 Legal challenges
3.1.1 Freedom of Speech
3.1.2 Takings after 1987
3.1.3 Equal protection
3.1.4 Religious exercise
3.2 Types
3.2.1 Euclidean
3.2.1.1 Conventional
3.2.1.2 Standard Euclidean
3.2.2 Euclidean II
3.2.3 Smart zoning
3.2.4 Performance
3.2.5 Incentive
3.2.6 Form-based
4 Amendments to zoning regulations
5 Limitations and criticisms
5.1 Circumventions
5.2 Social
5.3 Exclusionary
5.4 Racial
5.5 Housing affordability
5.6 Environmental
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Origins and history
Zoning, narrowly construed, refers to the designation of discrete land uses to well-defined areas of the city. More broadly construed, zoning refers to a wide range of local regulations enabled by police powers delegated from the states. In the beginning, zoning ordinances in the United States were more narrow in scope, and later ordinances were more comprehensive. The earliest zoning laws in the United States were influenced by a demand for racial segregation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning_in_the_United_States |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_711548621#3_795836840 | Title: Zoning in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Zoning in the United States
Zoning in the United States
Contents
Origins and history
1908–1930
1908 Los Angeles zoning ordinances
Race-based zoning ordinances, 1910–1917
1916 New York Zoning Resolution
Standard State Zoning Enabling Act
Euclid v. Ambler Realty
Houston, 1924–1929
Scope
Mature zoning practices
Legal challenges
Freedom of Speech
Takings after 1987
Equal protection
Religious exercise
Types
Euclidean
Euclidean II
Smart zoning
Performance
Incentive
Form-based
Amendments to zoning regulations
Limitations and criticisms
Circumventions
Social
Exclusionary
Racial
Housing affordability
Environmental
See also
References
External links
Content: There are no substantial differences between liberal and conservative homeowners in their opposition to the construction of dense housing in their neighborhoods. Contents
1 Origins and history
1.1 1908–1930
1.1.1 1908 Los Angeles zoning ordinances
1.1.2 Race-based zoning ordinances, 1910–1917
1.1.3 1916 New York Zoning Resolution
1.1.4 Standard State Zoning Enabling Act
1.1.5 Euclid v. Ambler Realty
1.1.6 Houston, 1924–1929
2 Scope
3 Mature zoning practices
3.1 Legal challenges
3.1.1 Freedom of Speech
3.1.2 Takings after 1987
3.1.3 Equal protection
3.1.4 Religious exercise
3.2 Types
3.2.1 Euclidean
3.2.1.1 Conventional
3.2.1.2 Standard Euclidean
3.2.2 Euclidean II
3.2.3 Smart zoning
3.2.4 Performance
3.2.5 Incentive
3.2.6 Form-based
4 Amendments to zoning regulations
5 Limitations and criticisms
5.1 Circumventions
5.2 Social
5.3 Exclusionary
5.4 Racial
5.5 Housing affordability
5.6 Environmental
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Origins and history
Zoning, narrowly construed, refers to the designation of discrete land uses to well-defined areas of the city. More broadly construed, zoning refers to a wide range of local regulations enabled by police powers delegated from the states. In the beginning, zoning ordinances in the United States were more narrow in scope, and later ordinances were more comprehensive. The earliest zoning laws in the United States were influenced by a demand for racial segregation. In the wake of the Fair Housing Act in 1968, which prohibited explicit racial discrimination, localities increasingly used purportedly non-racial zoning laws to keep non-whites out of white neighborhoods. Localities prohibited multi-family buildings, which were more likely to be occupied by racial minorities and recent immigrants. 1908–1930
1908 Los Angeles zoning ordinances
Oil drilling operations in Los Angeles, 1905
Los Angeles City Council passed the first municipal zoning ordinance in the United States on September 24, 1908. Though the ordinance did not assign all parts of the city to a zoning map, as with later American ordinances, it did establish both residential and industrial districts. Existing nuisance laws had already prohibited some industrial land uses in Los Angeles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning_in_the_United_States |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_712982516#0_797569419 | Title: Zora Neale Hurston - Wikipedia
Headings: Zora Neale Hurston
Zora Neale Hurston
Contents
Biography
Early life and education
Work and study
College and slightly after
Marriages
Patron support
Academic institutions
Anthropological and folkloric fieldwork
Death
Literary career
1920s
1930s
1940s and 1950s
Posthumous publications
Atheism
Public obscurity
Posthumous recognition
Politics
Criticism
Thoughts on integration
Research and representation
Selected bibliography
Film, television, and radio
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Further reading
External links
Libraries and archives
Open-access repositories
Content: Zora Neale Hurston - Wikipedia
Zora Neale Hurston
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
American folklorist, novelist, short story writer
Zora Neale Hurston
Born
( 1891-01-07)
January 7, 1891
Notasulga, Alabama, U.S.
Died
January 28, 1960
(1960-01-28)
(aged 69)
Fort Pierce, Florida, U.S.
Occupation
Folklorist, anthropologist, ethnographer, novelist, short story writer, filmmaker
Alma mater
Howard University
Barnard College ( BA)
Period
c. 1925–1950
Literary movement
The Harlem Renaissance
Notable works
Their Eyes Were Watching God
Spouse
Herbert Sheen
( m. 1927; div. 1931)
Albert Price
( m. 1939; div. 1943)
James Howell Pitts
( m. 1944; div. 1944)
Signature
Website
zoranealehurston .com
Instagram: @zoranealehurstontrust
Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker. She portrayed racial struggles in the early-1900s American South and published research on hoodoo. The most popular of her four novels is Their Eyes Were Watching God, published in 1937. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_712982516#3_797574804 | Title: Zora Neale Hurston - Wikipedia
Headings: Zora Neale Hurston
Zora Neale Hurston
Contents
Biography
Early life and education
Work and study
College and slightly after
Marriages
Patron support
Academic institutions
Anthropological and folkloric fieldwork
Death
Literary career
1920s
1930s
1940s and 1950s
Posthumous publications
Atheism
Public obscurity
Posthumous recognition
Politics
Criticism
Thoughts on integration
Research and representation
Selected bibliography
Film, television, and radio
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Further reading
External links
Libraries and archives
Open-access repositories
Content: In her early career, Hurston conducted anthropological and ethnographic research while a student at Barnard College and Columbia University. She had an interest in African-American and Caribbean folklore, and how these contributed to the community's identity. She also wrote fiction about contemporary issues in the black community and became a central figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Her short satires, drawing from the African-American experience and racial division, were published in anthologies such as The New Negro and Fire!! After moving back to Florida, Hurston wrote and published her literary anthology on African-American folklore in North Florida, Mules and Men (1935), and her first three novels: Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934); Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937); and Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939). Also published during this time was Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938), documenting her research on rituals in Jamaica and Haiti. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_712982516#5_797578250 | Title: Zora Neale Hurston - Wikipedia
Headings: Zora Neale Hurston
Zora Neale Hurston
Contents
Biography
Early life and education
Work and study
College and slightly after
Marriages
Patron support
Academic institutions
Anthropological and folkloric fieldwork
Death
Literary career
1920s
1930s
1940s and 1950s
Posthumous publications
Atheism
Public obscurity
Posthumous recognition
Politics
Criticism
Thoughts on integration
Research and representation
Selected bibliography
Film, television, and radio
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Further reading
External links
Libraries and archives
Open-access repositories
Content: Hurston's works concerned both the African-American experience and her struggles as an African-American woman. Her novels went relatively unrecognized by the literary world for decades. Interest was revived in 1975 after author Alice Walker published an article, "In Search of Zora Neale Hurston", in the March issue of Ms. magazine that year. Hurston's manuscript Every Tongue Got to Confess, a collection of folktales gathered in the 1920s, was published posthumously in 2001 after being discovered in the Smithsonian archives. Her nonfiction book Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo", about the life of Cudjoe Lewis (Kossola), was published posthumously in 2018. Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Early life and education
1.2 Work and study
1.3 College and slightly after
1.4 Marriages
1.5 Patron support
1.6 Academic institutions
1.7 Anthropological and folkloric fieldwork
1.8 Death
2 Literary career
2.1 1920s
2.2 1930s
2.3 1940s and 1950s
2.4 Posthumous publications
2.5 Atheism
2.6 Public obscurity
2.7 Posthumous recognition
3 Politics
4 Criticism
4.1 Thoughts on integration
4.2 Research and representation
5 Selected bibliography
6 Film, television, and radio
7 See also
8 References
8.1 Notes
8.2 Citations
9 Further reading
10 External links
10.1 Libraries and archives
10.2 Open-access repositories
Biography
Early life and education
Hurston was the fifth of eight children of John Hurston and Lucy Ann Hurston ( née Potts). All of her four grandparents had been born into slavery. Her father was a Baptist preacher and sharecropper, who later became a carpenter, and her mother was a school teacher. She was born in Notasulga, Alabama, on January 7, 1891, where her father grew up and her paternal grandfather was the preacher of a Baptist church. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_717362849#0_803405383 | Title: Canthus - Wikipedia
Headings: Canthus
Canthus
Contents
Etymology
Population distribution
Commissures
Surgery
Pathology
See also
References
External links
Content: Canthus - Wikipedia
Canthus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Canthal tilt)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Canthus (disambiguation). Canthus
Front of left eye with eyelids separated to show medial canthus. Anatomical terminology
Canthus (pl. canthi, palpebral commissures) is either corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. More specifically, the inner and outer canthi are, respectively, the medial and lateral ends/angles of the palpebral fissure . The bicanthal plane is the transversal plane linking both canthi and defines the upper boundary of the midface . Contents
1 Etymology
2 Population distribution
3 Commissures
4 Surgery
5 Pathology
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Etymology
Canthus is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek κανθός : kanthós, 'corner of the eye'. Population distribution
Asian eyes tend to have the inner canthus veiled by the epicanthus. In the Caucasian or double eyelid, the inner corner tends to be exposed completely. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/canthal_tilt |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_717402194#7_803500695 | Title:
Headings:
Content: Cardiac muscle cells contain many mitochondriawhich provide the energy needed for the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP), making them highly resistant to fatigue. [ 5][3]
T-tubules[edit]
Main article: T-tubules
T-tubules are microscopic tubes that run from the cell surface to deep within the cell. They are continuous with the cell membrane, are composed of the same phospholipid bilayer, and are open at the cell surface to the extracellular fluidthat surrounds the cell. T-tubulesin cardiac muscle are bigger and wider than those in skeletal muscle, but fewer in number.[5] In the centre of the cell they join together, running into and along the cell as a transverse-axial network. Inside the cell they lie close to the cell's internal calcium store, the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Here, a single tubule pairs with part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum called a terminal cisterna in a combination known as a diad. [ 6]
The functions of T-tubules include rapidly transmitting electrical impulses known as action potentialsfrom the cell surface to the cell's core, and helping to regulate the concentration of calcium within the cell in a process known as excitation-contraction coupling. [ 5]
Intercalated discs[edit]
Main article: Intercalated disc
Intercalated discs are part of the cardiac muscle sarcolemma and they contain gap junctions and desmosomes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cardiac_muscles |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_717402194#8_803502264 | Title:
Headings:
Content: Inside the cell they lie close to the cell's internal calcium store, the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Here, a single tubule pairs with part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum called a terminal cisterna in a combination known as a diad. [ 6]
The functions of T-tubules include rapidly transmitting electrical impulses known as action potentialsfrom the cell surface to the cell's core, and helping to regulate the concentration of calcium within the cell in a process known as excitation-contraction coupling. [ 5]
Intercalated discs[edit]
Main article: Intercalated disc
Intercalated discs are part of the cardiac muscle sarcolemma and they contain gap junctions and desmosomes. The cardiac syncytiumis a network of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discsthat enable the rapid transmission of electrical impulses through the network, enabling the syncytium to act in a coordinated contraction of the myocardium. There is an atrial syncytiumand a ventricular syncytiumthat are connected by cardiac connection fibres.[7] Electrical resistance through intercalated discs is very low, thus allowing free diffusion of ions. The ease of ion movement along cardiac muscle fibers axes is such that action potentials are able to travel from one cardiac muscle cell to the next, facing only slight resistance. Each syncytium obeys the all or none law. [ 8]
Intercalated discs are complex adhering structures that connect the single cardiomyocytes to an electrochemical syncytium(in contrast to the skeletal muscle, which becomes a multicellular syncytium during mammalian embryonic development). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cardiac_muscles |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_719338479#1_805672355 | Title: Epidemiology of diabetes - Wikipedia
Headings: Epidemiology of diabetes
Epidemiology of diabetes
Contents
Asia
China
India
Europe
United Kingdom
North America
Canada
United States
Oceania and the Pacific
Australia
Africa
See also
References
Content: Type 2 diabetes makes up about 85-90% of all cases. Increases in the overall diabetes prevalence rates largely reflect an increase in risk factors for type 2, notably greater longevity and being overweight or obese. Diabetes mellitus occurs throughout the world, but is more common (especially type 2) in the more developed countries. The greatest increase in prevalence is, however, occurring in low- and middle-income countries including in Asia and Africa, where most patients will probably be found by 2030. The increase in incidence in developing countries follows the trend of urbanization and lifestyle changes, including increasingly sedentary lifestyles, less physically demanding work and the global nutrition transition, marked by increased intake of foods that are high energy-dense but nutrient-poor (often high in sugar and saturated fats, sometimes referred to as the Western pattern diet ). The risk of getting type 2 diabetes has been widely found to be associated with lower socio-economic position across countries. The WHO estimates that diabetes resulted in 1.5 million deaths in 2012, making it the 8th leading cause of death. However another 2.2 million deaths worldwide were attributable to high blood glucose and the increased risks of associated complications (e.g. heart disease, stroke, kidney failure), which often result in premature death and are often listed as the underlying cause on death certificates rather than diabetes. Contents
1 Asia
1.1 China
1.2 India
2 Europe
2.1 United Kingdom
3 North America
3.1 Canada
3.2 United States
4 Oceania and the Pacific
4.1 Australia
5 Africa
6 See also
7 References
Asia
China
Almost one Chinese adult in ten has diabetes. A 2010 study estimated that more than 92 million Chinese adults have the disease, with another 150 million showing early symptoms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epidemiology_of_diabetes_mellitus |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_719338479#2_805674655 | Title: Epidemiology of diabetes - Wikipedia
Headings: Epidemiology of diabetes
Epidemiology of diabetes
Contents
Asia
China
India
Europe
United Kingdom
North America
Canada
United States
Oceania and the Pacific
Australia
Africa
See also
References
Content: The risk of getting type 2 diabetes has been widely found to be associated with lower socio-economic position across countries. The WHO estimates that diabetes resulted in 1.5 million deaths in 2012, making it the 8th leading cause of death. However another 2.2 million deaths worldwide were attributable to high blood glucose and the increased risks of associated complications (e.g. heart disease, stroke, kidney failure), which often result in premature death and are often listed as the underlying cause on death certificates rather than diabetes. Contents
1 Asia
1.1 China
1.2 India
2 Europe
2.1 United Kingdom
3 North America
3.1 Canada
3.2 United States
4 Oceania and the Pacific
4.1 Australia
5 Africa
6 See also
7 References
Asia
China
Almost one Chinese adult in ten has diabetes. A 2010 study estimated that more than 92 million Chinese adults have the disease, with another 150 million showing early symptoms. The incidence of the disease is increasing rapidly: a reported 30% increase in 7 years. Indigenous nomadic peoples like Tibetans and Mongols are at much higher susceptibility than Han Chinese . India
Until recently, India had more diabetics than any other country in the world, according to the International Diabetes Foundation, although the country has now been surpassed in the top spot by China. Diabetes currently affects more than 62 million Indians, which is more than 7.2% of the adult population. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epidemiology_of_diabetes_mellitus |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_719338479#4_805678021 | Title: Epidemiology of diabetes - Wikipedia
Headings: Epidemiology of diabetes
Epidemiology of diabetes
Contents
Asia
China
India
Europe
United Kingdom
North America
Canada
United States
Oceania and the Pacific
Australia
Africa
See also
References
Content: Among young and middle aged adults the prevalence of diabetes is 6.7% and prediabetes is 5.6% according to the National Family Health Survey-4. The average age on onset is 42.5 years. Nearly 1 million Indians die due to diabetes every year. According to the Indian Heart Association, India is projected to be home to 109 million individuals with diabetes by 2035. A study by the American Diabetes Association reports that India will see the greatest increase in people diagnosed with diabetes by 2030. The high incidence is attributed to a combination of genetic susceptibility plus adoption of a high-calorie, low-activity lifestyle by India's growing middle class. Europe
United Kingdom
About 3.8 million people in the United Kingdom have diabetes mellitus, but the charity Diabetes U.K. have made predictions that could become high as 6.2 million by 2035/2036. The NHS spent a daily average of £2.2m (€2.6m; $3.7m) in 2013 on prescriptions for managing diabetes in primary care, and about 10% of the primary care prescribing budget is spent on treating diabetes. Diabetes U.K. have also predicted that the National Health Service could be spending as much as 16.9 billion pounds on diabetes mellitus by 2035, a figure that means the NHS could be spending as much as 17% of its budget on diabetes treatment by 2035. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epidemiology_of_diabetes_mellitus |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_719338479#5_805679807 | Title: Epidemiology of diabetes - Wikipedia
Headings: Epidemiology of diabetes
Epidemiology of diabetes
Contents
Asia
China
India
Europe
United Kingdom
North America
Canada
United States
Oceania and the Pacific
Australia
Africa
See also
References
Content: The high incidence is attributed to a combination of genetic susceptibility plus adoption of a high-calorie, low-activity lifestyle by India's growing middle class. Europe
United Kingdom
About 3.8 million people in the United Kingdom have diabetes mellitus, but the charity Diabetes U.K. have made predictions that could become high as 6.2 million by 2035/2036. The NHS spent a daily average of £2.2m (€2.6m; $3.7m) in 2013 on prescriptions for managing diabetes in primary care, and about 10% of the primary care prescribing budget is spent on treating diabetes. Diabetes U.K. have also predicted that the National Health Service could be spending as much as 16.9 billion pounds on diabetes mellitus by 2035, a figure that means the NHS could be spending as much as 17% of its budget on diabetes treatment by 2035. However, since the United Kingdom practices a national health care system with universal access, there are far fewer cases of diagnosed diabetes compared to the United States. North America
Canada
Almost 2.4 million Canadians (6.8%) have been diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, based on 2009 cronic disease surveillance data. Prevalence is higher among males (7.2%) than females (6.4%). However these numbers are likely an underestimate, as data obtained from blood samples indicate about 20% of diabetes cases remain undiagnosed. Accounting for the younger age structure in Aboriginal populations, the prevalence of diabetes is 2-3 times higher among First Nations and Métis, compared to the non-Aboriginal population. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epidemiology_of_diabetes_mellitus |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_719338479#6_805681825 | Title: Epidemiology of diabetes - Wikipedia
Headings: Epidemiology of diabetes
Epidemiology of diabetes
Contents
Asia
China
India
Europe
United Kingdom
North America
Canada
United States
Oceania and the Pacific
Australia
Africa
See also
References
Content: However, since the United Kingdom practices a national health care system with universal access, there are far fewer cases of diagnosed diabetes compared to the United States. North America
Canada
Almost 2.4 million Canadians (6.8%) have been diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, based on 2009 cronic disease surveillance data. Prevalence is higher among males (7.2%) than females (6.4%). However these numbers are likely an underestimate, as data obtained from blood samples indicate about 20% of diabetes cases remain undiagnosed. Accounting for the younger age structure in Aboriginal populations, the prevalence of diabetes is 2-3 times higher among First Nations and Métis, compared to the non-Aboriginal population. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among Canadians increased by 70% over the decade from 1999 to 2009. The greatest relative increase in prevalence was seen younger adults (35 to 44 years), attributable in part to increasing rates of overweight and obesity. The Public Health Agency of Canada estimates that if current trends in diabetes continue, the number of Canadians living with diabetes will reach 3.7 million by 2019. United States
Diabetes rates at county levels 2004 - 2009. Diabetes rates in the United States, 1994-2010
Diabetes rates in the United States, like across North America and around the world, have been increasing substantially. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epidemiology_of_diabetes_mellitus |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_720737426#8_807258857 | Title: Cardiac muscle - Wikipedia
Headings: Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle
Contents
Structure
Gross anatomy
Microanatomy
Cardiac muscle cells
T-tubules
Intercalated discs
Fibroblasts
Extracellular matrix
Physiology
Regeneration
Differences between atria and ventricles
Clinical significance
See also
References
External links
Content: They are continuous with the cell membrane, are composed of the same phospholipid bilayer, and are open at the cell surface to the extracellular fluid that surrounds the cell. T-tubules in cardiac muscle are bigger and wider than those in skeletal muscle, but fewer in number. In the centre of the cell they join together, running into and along the cell as a transverse-axial network. Inside the cell they lie close to the cell's internal calcium store, the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Here, a single tubule pairs with part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum called a terminal cisterna in a combination known as a diad. The functions of T-tubules include rapidly transmitting electrical impulses known as action potentials from the cell surface to the cell's core, and helping to regulate the concentration of calcium within the cell in a process known as excitation-contraction coupling. Intercalated discs
Main article: Intercalated disc
Intercalated discs are part of the cardiac muscle sarcolemma and they contain gap junctions and desmosomes. The cardiac syncytium is a network of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discs that enable the rapid transmission of electrical impulses through the network, enabling the syncytium to act in a coordinated contraction of the myocardium. There is an atrial syncytium and a ventricular syncytium that are connected by cardiac connection fibres. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/heart_muscle |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_728727868#0_816516595 | Title: All About Eve - Wikiquote
Headings: All About Eve
All About Eve
Contents
Margo Channing
Eve Harrington
Addison DeWitt
Karen Richards
Lloyd Richards
Birdie Coonan
Others
Dialogue
Cast
External links
Content: All About Eve - Wikiquote
[ hide]
Your continued donations keep Wikiquote running! All About Eve
From Wikiquote
Jump to navigation Jump to search
All About Eve is a 1950 film about an apparent ingenue who insinuates herself into the company of an established but aging stage actress and her circle of theater friends to establish herself as an actress. Written and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, from the story The Wisdom of Eve, by Mary Orr. It's all about women---and their men! Contents
1 Margo Channing
2 Eve Harrington
3 Addison DeWitt
4 Karen Richards
5 Lloyd Richards
6 Birdie Coonan
7 Others
8 Dialogue
9 Cast
10 External links
Margo Channing
Margo Channing
Everybody has a heart - except some people. Autograph fiends, they're not people. Those are little beasts that run around in packs like coyotes...They're nobody's fans. They're juvenile delinquents, they're mental defectives, they're nobody's audience. They never see a play or a movie even. They're never indoors long enough. | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/All_About_Eve |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_728848506#6_816657788 | Title: American Dream - Wikiquote
Headings: American Dream
American Dream
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Content: ~ Malcolm X
The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States, the set of ideals ( democracy, rights, liberty, opportunity and equality) in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, as well as an upward social mobility for the family and children, achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers. Arranged alphabetically by author or source: A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · Q · R · S · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z · See also · External links
A
The American dream is, in part, responsible for a great deal of crime and violence because people feel that the country owes them not only a living but a good living. Psychoanalyst Dr. David Abrahamsen, San Francisco Examiner and Chronicle (November 18th, 1975)
The American Dream, that has lured tens of millions of all nations to our shores in the past century has not been a dream of material plenty, though that has doubtlessly counted heavily. It has been a dream of being able to grow to fullest development as a man and woman, unhampered by the barriers which had slowly been erected in the older civilizations, unrepressed by social orders which had developed for the benefit of classes rather than for the simple human being of any and every class. James Truslow Adams, The Epic of America (2nd Edition, Greenwood Press, p. 405)
But there has been also the American dream, that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every man, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position. James Truslow Adams introduced the term "American Dream" in his 1931 book The Epic of America (2nd Edition, Greenwood Press, p. 404)
American foreign policy ... has, in ways direct and indirect, enhanced the ability of its growing legion of international corporations to engage in resource-extraction industries in countries and territories around the globe. ... U. S. history is also always global to the extent that the lifestyles its citizens lead/are able to lead—not just materially but spiritually as well—are profoundly anchored in and shaped by the growing consumptive "culture of extraction" that required access to the raw materials and consumer items its citizens used to help realize "the American Dream." | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/American_dream |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_728848506#7_816660993 | Title: American Dream - Wikiquote
Headings: American Dream
American Dream
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Content: James Truslow Adams, The Epic of America (2nd Edition, Greenwood Press, p. 405)
But there has been also the American dream, that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every man, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position. James Truslow Adams introduced the term "American Dream" in his 1931 book The Epic of America (2nd Edition, Greenwood Press, p. 404)
American foreign policy ... has, in ways direct and indirect, enhanced the ability of its growing legion of international corporations to engage in resource-extraction industries in countries and territories around the globe. ... U. S. history is also always global to the extent that the lifestyles its citizens lead/are able to lead—not just materially but spiritually as well—are profoundly anchored in and shaped by the growing consumptive "culture of extraction" that required access to the raw materials and consumer items its citizens used to help realize "the American Dream." Consumption thus offers a key lens through which we can understand and connect American history to global history primarily because, in the last century, American history is the history of consumption. And the history of consumption is the history of global colonialism . Chris Andersen, Dean of Faculty of Native Studies, University of Alberta, in Why You Can't Teach United States History without American Indians (2015), p. 288
B
The American Dream has run out of gas. The car has stopped. It no longer supplies the world with its images, its dreams, its fantasies. | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/American_dream |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_744221840#3_830321972 | Title: Lew Rockwell - Wikiquote
Headings: Lew Rockwell
Lew Rockwell
Contents
Quotes
1990s
2000s
2010s
External links
Content: It wrecks our families, tramples on our rights, invades our communities, and spies on our bank accounts. It skews the culture toward decadence and trash. It tells lie after lie. Teachers used to tell school kids that anyone can be president. This is like saying anyone can go to Hell. It’s not an inspiration; it’s a threat. 6 October 1996 "Down With the Presidency" [1]
The presidency is presumed to be the embodiment of Rousseau ’s general will, with far more power than any monarch or head of state in pre-modern societies. The US presidency is the apex of the world’s biggest and most powerful government and of the most expansive empire in world history. As such, the presidency represents the opposite of freedom. | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lew_Rockwell |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_744221840#4_830323011 | Title: Lew Rockwell - Wikiquote
Headings: Lew Rockwell
Lew Rockwell
Contents
Quotes
1990s
2000s
2010s
External links
Content: It’s not an inspiration; it’s a threat. 6 October 1996 "Down With the Presidency" [1]
The presidency is presumed to be the embodiment of Rousseau ’s general will, with far more power than any monarch or head of state in pre-modern societies. The US presidency is the apex of the world’s biggest and most powerful government and of the most expansive empire in world history. As such, the presidency represents the opposite of freedom. It is what stands between us and our goal of restoring our ancient rights. 6 October 1996 "Down With the Presidency"
The presidency is seemingly bound by law, but in practice it can do just about anything it pleases. It can order up troops anywhere in the world, just as Clinton bragged in his acceptance speech at the Democratic convention. It can plow up a religious community in Texas and bury its members because they got on somebody’s nerves at the Justice Department. It can tap our phones, read our mail, watch our bank accounts, and tell us what we can and cannot eat, drink, and smoke. | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lew_Rockwell |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_746648775#7_832895611 | Title: Neil Postman - Wikiquote
Headings: Neil Postman
Neil Postman
Contents
Quotes
Teaching as a Subversive Activity (1969)
Language Education in a Knowledge Context (1980)
The Disappearance of Childhood (1982)
Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business (1985)
Technopoly: the Surrender of Culture to Technology (1992)
External links
Content: Have you read Hegel or Nietzsche? Their books are in the library, you have access to them, why have you not familiarized yourself with this literature? ( Even if you have, I think you will agree that most people have not. Why?) "Neil Postman Ponders High Tech" at Online Newshour : Online Forum (17 January 1996)
Teaching as a Subversive Activity (1969)
What passes for a curriculum in today's schools is little else than a strategy of distraction... It is largely defined to keep students from knowing themselves and their environment in any realistic sense. We have framed... some questions which in our judgement, are responsive to the actual and immediate as against the fancied and future needs of learners in the world as it is (not as it was ). The word " educate " is closely related to the word " educe ." Where do symbols come from? Why do symbols change? | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Neil_Postman |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_750915843#17_836872209 | Title: Science - Wikiquote
Headings: Science
Science
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Content: Addresses at the Celebrations of the 50th Anniversary of the Mellon Institute (1963), 90. 'Twas thus by the glare of false science betray'd,
That leads to bewilder, and dazzles to blind. James Beattie, The Hermit. Quotes reported in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 691-92. Modern science explicitly and emphatically rejects teleology. Mordechai Ben-Ari, Just a Theory: Exploring the Nature of Science (2005), Chapter 2
Just because people doing science are embedded in a particular social and cultural milieu, it doesn’t follow that science is not universal. Mordechai Ben-Ari, Just a Theory: Exploring the Nature of Science (2005), Chapter 6
It is clear today that modern science developed when people stopped debating metaphysical questions about the world and instead concerned themselves with the discovery of laws that were primarily mathematical. Mordechai Ben-Ari, Just a Theory: | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Science |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_770372396#0_857468191 | Title: Rail travel in China – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
Headings: Rail travel in China
Rail travel in China
Types of trains and services
High-speed trains
Conventional trains
Classes
High-speed train classes
Conventional train classes
Booking tickets
1. Purchase from a website (recommended)
Official booking site
Third-party sites
2. Purchase from a railway station ticket office
3. Purchase from an automated ticket machine
4. Purchase from a train ticket agency or office
Replacing lost tickets
Hints
Train stations
Finding your train station
Travel tips
Checked luggage and parcels
High-speed rail
Carry-on luggage
Checked luggage and parcel service
Onboard services
Pricing
Boarding your train
During the journey
Arrival at your destination
Connecting trains
Stay safe
Even faster — Maglev
International and regional routes
Content: Rail travel in China – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
From Wikivoyage
Travel topics > Transportation > Rail travel > Rail travel in China
Rail travel in China
Contents
1
Types of trains and services
1.1 High-speed trains
1.2 Conventional trains
2
Classes
2.1 High-speed train classes
2.2 Conventional train classes
3
Booking tickets
3.1 1. Purchase from a website (recommended)
3.1.1 Official booking site
3.1.2 Third-party sites
3.2 2. Purchase from a railway station ticket office
3.3 3. Purchase from an automated ticket machine
3.4 4. Purchase from a train ticket agency or office
3.5 Replacing lost tickets
3.6 Hints
4
Train stations
4.1 Finding your train station
5
Travel tips
5.1 Checked luggage and parcels
6
High-speed rail
6.1 Carry-on luggage
6.2 Checked luggage and parcel service
6.3 Onboard services
6.4 Pricing
6.5 Boarding your train
6.6 During the journey
6.7 Arrival at your destination
6.7.1 Connecting trains
6.8 Stay safe
6.9 Even faster — Maglev
7
International and regional routes
Jump to navigation Jump to search
COVID-19 information: Most international trains and trains to Hong Kong are suspended. Train services may also be suspended in response to local outbreaks. You are required to wear masks when travelling in trains in China even if there are no infected cases reported in areas you are travelling in. Remember to update health codes on mobile applications such as WeChat or Alipay according to regulations at your destination. (Information last updated 01 Jan 2021)
Train travel is the main method of long-distance transportation for the Chinese, with an extensive network of routes covering most of the country. | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_770372396#8_857487498 | Title: Rail travel in China – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
Headings: Rail travel in China
Rail travel in China
Types of trains and services
High-speed trains
Conventional trains
Classes
High-speed train classes
Conventional train classes
Booking tickets
1. Purchase from a website (recommended)
Official booking site
Third-party sites
2. Purchase from a railway station ticket office
3. Purchase from an automated ticket machine
4. Purchase from a train ticket agency or office
Replacing lost tickets
Hints
Train stations
Finding your train station
Travel tips
Checked luggage and parcels
High-speed rail
Carry-on luggage
Checked luggage and parcel service
Onboard services
Pricing
Boarding your train
During the journey
Arrival at your destination
Connecting trains
Stay safe
Even faster — Maglev
International and regional routes
Content: Conventional trains
Faster services usually means higher prices, but Z, T and K series trains are priced on the same basis. Number-only trains have the lowest price. Some number only trains and a very few K trains are not equipped with air conditioners, and their prices are notably lower. Before 2014, it was possible to identify different types of train services by observing the passenger cars' color. However, since 2015, all passenger cars have been painted green, making it almost impossible to do so. Z-series (直达 zhídá) – Direct express trains, conventional speed with fewer stops with the top speed around 160 km/h (100 mph). Earlier Z-series still maintain no intermediate stops, while newer ones may have more stops. Some trains offer soft-sleepers only. Some, particularly Z-series running between major cities, have been upgraded to non-high-speed D-series train. T-series (特快 tèkuài) – 140 km/h intercity trains calling at major cities only. | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_770372396#15_857501483 | Title: Rail travel in China – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
Headings: Rail travel in China
Rail travel in China
Types of trains and services
High-speed trains
Conventional trains
Classes
High-speed train classes
Conventional train classes
Booking tickets
1. Purchase from a website (recommended)
Official booking site
Third-party sites
2. Purchase from a railway station ticket office
3. Purchase from an automated ticket machine
4. Purchase from a train ticket agency or office
Replacing lost tickets
Hints
Train stations
Finding your train station
Travel tips
Checked luggage and parcels
High-speed rail
Carry-on luggage
Checked luggage and parcel service
Onboard services
Pricing
Boarding your train
During the journey
Arrival at your destination
Connecting trains
Stay safe
Even faster — Maglev
International and regional routes
Content: Second Class: Slightly firmer but not uncomfortable seats in a 2+3 layout. Slightly less room between seat rows. More likely to feature standing ticket holders in the aisles but not as many or crowded as conventional trains in China. Power sockets may be available. Food trolleys do service these carriages but may not be as frequent. The difference between First and Second class is minor and it is reflected in the smaller difference in ticket price. Typical First Class seating
First Class: These feature comfortable seats in a 2+2 layout with mostly forward facing seats. However some seats can be found in a face to face arrangement across a table. | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_770372396#16_857503196 | Title: Rail travel in China – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
Headings: Rail travel in China
Rail travel in China
Types of trains and services
High-speed trains
Conventional trains
Classes
High-speed train classes
Conventional train classes
Booking tickets
1. Purchase from a website (recommended)
Official booking site
Third-party sites
2. Purchase from a railway station ticket office
3. Purchase from an automated ticket machine
4. Purchase from a train ticket agency or office
Replacing lost tickets
Hints
Train stations
Finding your train station
Travel tips
Checked luggage and parcels
High-speed rail
Carry-on luggage
Checked luggage and parcel service
Onboard services
Pricing
Boarding your train
During the journey
Arrival at your destination
Connecting trains
Stay safe
Even faster — Maglev
International and regional routes
Content: Food trolleys do service these carriages but may not be as frequent. The difference between First and Second class is minor and it is reflected in the smaller difference in ticket price. Typical First Class seating
First Class: These feature comfortable seats in a 2+2 layout with mostly forward facing seats. However some seats can be found in a face to face arrangement across a table. Compartmented seating is available on other services. This varies across the train types. Seating positions can not be chosen when purchasing your ticket. The seat rows feature greater leg room and larger seat back tables. Food trolleys frequent the car often for purchases with the buffet car also being close by. | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_770452218#0_857530882 | Title: Interstate 5 – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
Headings:
Interstate 5
Understand
Prepare
Get in
By plane
Go
By train
By bus
Drive
California
San Diego area
Orange County and Los Angeles
Tehachapi Mountains
Central Valley
Sacramento Valley
Shasta Cascades Region
Oregon
Southern Oregon
Willamette Valley
Portland Metropolitan Area
Washington
Southwest Washington
Seattle Metropolitan Area in The Puget Sound Region
Northwest Cascades
Stay safe
Alternative routes
Go next
Content: Interstate 5 – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
From Wikivoyage
Itineraries > North America itineraries > Interstate 5
Interstate 5
Contents
1
Understand
2
Prepare
3
Get in
3.1 By plane
4
Go
4.1 By train
4.2 By bus
5
Drive
5.1 California
5.1.1 San Diego area
5.1.2 Orange County and Los Angeles
5.1.3 Tehachapi Mountains
5.1.4 Central Valley
5.1.5 Sacramento Valley
5.1.6 Shasta Cascades Region
5.2 Oregon
5.2.1 Southern Oregon
5.2.2 Willamette Valley
5.2.3 Portland Metropolitan Area
5.3 Washington
5.3.1 Southwest Washington
5.3.2 Seattle Metropolitan Area in The Puget Sound Region
5.3.3 Northwest Cascades
6
Stay safe
7
Alternative routes
8
Go next
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Interstate 5 (I-5) is a United States interstate highway that starts at the border with Mexico in San Ysidro, California and runs 1381 miles (2223 km) north through the states of California, Oregon and Washington to the border with Canada in Blaine, Washington. It serves as an important north-south transportation corridor along the U.S west coast connecting the major cities of San Diego, Los Angeles, Portland, Tacoma and Seattle; the three state capitals of California ( Sacramento ), Oregon ( Salem) and Washington ( Olympia ); and two additional major cities in neighboring countries ( Tijuana & Vancouver) just over the international borders. Understand
Interstate 5 (I-5) replaces the former US Route 99, a north-south route along the west coast. The original U.S. Highway 99 was also known as Pacific Highway which ran 1,600 mi (2,600 km) south from Vancouver, BC through Washington state, Oregon and California and then became Mexico Federal Highway 5 in Calexico/Mexicali. Today I-5 ends at the U.S./Mexican border in San Ysidro where it continues another 1,063 mi (1,711 km) from Tijuana to Cabo San Lucas, through the Baja California peninsula, as Mexico Federal Highway 1/1D, while BC Highway 99 continues another 200 mi (320 km) north from Vancouver, through the Sunshine Coast and Whistler, to Cache Creek. Segments of the old Hwy 99 have been re-numbered as State Route 99 (SR-99) in Washington, Oregon and California. Other segments in Washington state have also have been renumbered as SR-11, SR-529 and SR-530; as SR-273 & SR-66 between Ashland and the California-Oregon state line (Exit #1 of I-5) in Oregon; | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Interstate_5 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_770452218#4_857539795 | Title: Interstate 5 – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
Headings:
Interstate 5
Understand
Prepare
Get in
By plane
Go
By train
By bus
Drive
California
San Diego area
Orange County and Los Angeles
Tehachapi Mountains
Central Valley
Sacramento Valley
Shasta Cascades Region
Oregon
Southern Oregon
Willamette Valley
Portland Metropolitan Area
Washington
Southwest Washington
Seattle Metropolitan Area in The Puget Sound Region
Northwest Cascades
Stay safe
Alternative routes
Go next
Content: I-90 in Seattle and various three digit interstates (serving as local auxiliary highways), state and U.S highways in the three states it passes through. By plane
See also: Air travel in the United States
The Interstate 5 corridor can be accessed by plane through San Diego, Santa Ana, Burbank, Sacramento, Medford, Portland, Seattle, Everett and Bellingham with airports next to or near the freeway. In other cities, such as Los Angeles and Long Beach the airport can be further away (20-40 mi/32-64 km) from the I-5 corridor on another highway. From outside the U.S. the I-5 corridor is also accessed from Vancouver International Airport and Tijuana's General Abelardo L. Rodríguez International Airport . Go
By train
See also: Rail travel in the United States
Amtrak operates trains "more or less" along the Interstate 5 corridor serving the major west coast cities. Some segments are further away such as the segment from Emeryville to Oxnard in California while other parts of the route are practically next to the freeway such as the segment between Longview and Centralia in Washington state. The following routes operate along the I-5 corridor: Amtrak Coast Starlight runs once daily between Los Angeles and Seattle via Portland, Klamath Falls, Redding, Sacramento, San Francisco Bay Area, Salinas, Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Oxnard, Simi Valley and Van Nuys. | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Interstate_5 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_770452218#5_857541870 | Title: Interstate 5 – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
Headings:
Interstate 5
Understand
Prepare
Get in
By plane
Go
By train
By bus
Drive
California
San Diego area
Orange County and Los Angeles
Tehachapi Mountains
Central Valley
Sacramento Valley
Shasta Cascades Region
Oregon
Southern Oregon
Willamette Valley
Portland Metropolitan Area
Washington
Southwest Washington
Seattle Metropolitan Area in The Puget Sound Region
Northwest Cascades
Stay safe
Alternative routes
Go next
Content: Go
By train
See also: Rail travel in the United States
Amtrak operates trains "more or less" along the Interstate 5 corridor serving the major west coast cities. Some segments are further away such as the segment from Emeryville to Oxnard in California while other parts of the route are practically next to the freeway such as the segment between Longview and Centralia in Washington state. The following routes operate along the I-5 corridor: Amtrak Coast Starlight runs once daily between Los Angeles and Seattle via Portland, Klamath Falls, Redding, Sacramento, San Francisco Bay Area, Salinas, Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Oxnard, Simi Valley and Van Nuys. It runs parallel with the Cascades between Seattle and Eugene with the same stops (except Tukwila, Vancouver, Washington, and Oregon City) and between San Luis Obispo and Los Angeles with the Pacific Surfliner only with fewer stops. ( see below)
Amtrak Cascades runs between Seattle and Portland four times daily serving Tukwila, Tacoma, Lacey (Olympia), Centralia and Kelso in Washington state. They run from Seattle to Vancouver via Everett, Stanwood, Mt Vernon & Bellingham twice daily and from Portland to Eugene via Oregon City, Salem & Albany twice daily. Additional service from Seattle to Vancouver and from Portland to Eugene are provided on the Amtrak Thruway Bus. Pacific Surfliner San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Oxnard, Los Angeles & San Diego. | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Interstate_5 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_840320047#9_1012854691 | Title: mend - Wiktionary
Headings: mend
mend
Contents
English
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
Derived terms
Synonyms
Translations
Related terms
Further reading
Polish
Pronunciation
Noun
mend
Content: neuter neuter dual neuter pl. singular dual plural
imperfective perfective
Noun class: Plural class: Transliteration: ( e.g. zìmǔ for 字母)
Raw page name: ( e.g. 疲れる for 疲れた)
Qualifier: ( e.g. literally, formally, slang)
Script code: ( e.g. Cyrl for Cyrillic, Latn for Latin)
Nesting: ( e.g. Serbo-Croatian/Cyrillic)
Verb
mend ( third-person singular simple present mends, present participle mending, simple past and past participle mended )
( transitive) To repair, as anything that is torn, broken, defaced, decayed, or the like; to restore from partial decay, injury, or defacement . | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mend |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_845233601#0_1024327348 | Title: news cycle - Wiktionary
Headings: news cycle
news cycle
Contents
English
Etymology
Noun
Translations
See also
Further reading
References
Content: news cycle - Wiktionary
news cycle
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Contents
1 English
1.1 Etymology
1.2 Noun
1.2.1 Translations
1.2.2 See also
1.3 Further reading
1.4 References
English
Etymology
US origin, 1920s. Noun
news cycle ( plural news cycles )
The reporting of a particular media story, from the first instance to the last, often including reporting on public and other reactions to the earlier reports. The rise and fall of news stories, on a collective basis. The average length of the rise and fall of stories in the media. Translations
± show ▼ reporting of a particular media story from the first instance to the last
Chinese: Mandarin: please add this translation if you can
Finnish: uutiskierto
French: please add this translation if you can
Russian: please add this translation if you can
Spanish: | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/news_cycle |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_895248401#14_1132771214 | Title: Musical Instruments - EnchantedLearning.com
Headings:
Click here for more music pages.
Content: Woodwind Instruments: Woodwind instrument
Woodwind instruments are wind instruments whose sound is produced by the vibration of reed (s) in the mouthpiece. The bassoon, clarinet, English horn, flute, oboe, piccolo, and saxophone are examples of woodwinds. bassoon
The bassoon is a large woodwind instrument with a double reed. It can play very low notes
clarinet
The clarinet is a woodwind instrument with a single reed. English horn
An English horn is a woodwind instrument with a double reed. flute
The flute is a woodwind instrument. oboe
The oboe is a woodwind instrument with a double reed. piccolo
The piccolo is small, high-pitched woodwind instrument. recorder
A recorder is a small wind instrument. | https://enchantedlearning.com/music/instruments/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_897202712#0_1137085410 | Title: 10 Ways Teens Can Make a Difference in the World
Headings: 10 Ways Teens Can Make a Difference
10 Ways Teens Can Make a Difference
1. Volunteer
2. Tutor Younger Children
3. Donate
4. Collect Soda Tabs/Cans
5. Pay it Forward
6. Attend a Mission
7. Make Up Care Packages for Military
8. Get First Aid Certification
9. Mentor
10. Clean Up Around the Neighborhood
Content: 10 Ways Teens Can Make a Difference in the World
10 Ways Teens Can Make a Difference
by Samantha Shank 2 Comments
Posts contain affiliate links. This means, if you choose to make a purchase, I will make a commission at no extra cost to you. For more information please see our full disclosure. So many people think the teen years are for partying, having fun, and creating a bridge into adulthood. Truthfully though, teens have been some of the most influential people in history. From courageous teens like the girl who stood up for education, to the 17-year-old who spoke up in the heart of Nazi Germany, despite many adults being too afraid to. Teens have written bestsellers to help millions of other teenagers, started million-dollar corporations, and more than one teenager has been known to monetize their social media platform and inspire millions of teenagers around the world. And I can’t forget this brilliant 13-year-old who created a braille printer out of LEGOs! In big ways or small, here are ten ways teenagers like you and me can make a difference! 1. | https://encouragingmomsathome.com/10-ways-teens-can-make-a-difference/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_897202712#1_1137087063 | Title: 10 Ways Teens Can Make a Difference in the World
Headings: 10 Ways Teens Can Make a Difference
10 Ways Teens Can Make a Difference
1. Volunteer
2. Tutor Younger Children
3. Donate
4. Collect Soda Tabs/Cans
5. Pay it Forward
6. Attend a Mission
7. Make Up Care Packages for Military
8. Get First Aid Certification
9. Mentor
10. Clean Up Around the Neighborhood
Content: From courageous teens like the girl who stood up for education, to the 17-year-old who spoke up in the heart of Nazi Germany, despite many adults being too afraid to. Teens have written bestsellers to help millions of other teenagers, started million-dollar corporations, and more than one teenager has been known to monetize their social media platform and inspire millions of teenagers around the world. And I can’t forget this brilliant 13-year-old who created a braille printer out of LEGOs! In big ways or small, here are ten ways teenagers like you and me can make a difference! 1. Volunteer
There are a ton of places that could use volunteers every single day to help out. You are able to volunteer at places such as nursing homes simply spending time with the elderly, soup kitchens serving meals to the less fortunate, or really anywhere people are in need of help. For about a year, I volunteered at a local library (which was also great work experience). 2. Tutor Younger Children
A lot of younger kids struggle with school work and sometimes do not cooperate well with teachers or learn from adults in general. | https://encouragingmomsathome.com/10-ways-teens-can-make-a-difference/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_899747240#0_1139706678 | Title: War Losses (France) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)
Headings: War Losses (France)
Version 1.0
Last updated 08 October 2014
War Losses (France)
War losses: an issue in the global assessment of the war ↑
Assessing military and civilian casualties: Policy regarding how to handle military casualties ↑
The delicate management of the number of troops ↑
Table 1: French military war losses 1914-1918
Order not to communicate the figures ↑
Civilian losses due to the war ↑
What was symbolically and materially at stake with war casualties? ↑
“Dead for France”: the right to compensation ↑
Working towards national recognition ↑
Important disparities between the various categories of soldiers ↑
Bereavement ↑
The power of the veterans as a social category ↑
Identity at stake from the interwar period until today ↑
Reassessing the impact of civilian dead on the population ↑
Notes
Citation
License
Metadata
Map
Images
Corpses of French front soldiers, 1917
Related Articles
Resources
RDF/XML
Content: War Losses (France) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)
Version 1.0
|
Last updated 08 October 2014
War Losses (France)
By Alexandre Lafon
PDF EPUB KINDLE Print
When the fighting came to an end in late 1918, military losses for France were in keeping with a prolonged industrial conflict involving the loss of a huge number of combatants on extremely deadly battlefields. In this context, the way the state handled the casualties, both in actual as well as symbolic terms, rapidly proved difficult yet necessary. Coverage concerning how the state reacted in the aftermath of the war was subject to manipulation and censorship. In the years that followed the war, public and private memories focused on the final casualty count of 1,400,000 persons. This number contributed to the crystallization of tensions related to national identity. Recent research has reevaluated the number of civilian casualties resulting from the war. Though the number of civilian casualties is not as high as the number of military casualties, the recently revealed high number of civilian deaths does serve to enhance the weight of bereavement and trauma within the communities affected, thus leaving an even deeper mark on the already diverse memories of the conflict. War losses: an issue in the global assessment of the war ↑
Despite intensive research by historians, there does not exist - and there will never exist - a final exact count of the casualties inflicted throughout World War I. We can only provide an estimate about military deaths, estimated to be in the range of around 10 million according to the highest estimates. This estimated body count hints at the drama lived by the societies who were engaged in the war and points to the brutal transition towards an industrialized mass war. | https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/war_losses_france |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_899747240#1_1139709813 | Title: War Losses (France) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)
Headings: War Losses (France)
Version 1.0
Last updated 08 October 2014
War Losses (France)
War losses: an issue in the global assessment of the war ↑
Assessing military and civilian casualties: Policy regarding how to handle military casualties ↑
The delicate management of the number of troops ↑
Table 1: French military war losses 1914-1918
Order not to communicate the figures ↑
Civilian losses due to the war ↑
What was symbolically and materially at stake with war casualties? ↑
“Dead for France”: the right to compensation ↑
Working towards national recognition ↑
Important disparities between the various categories of soldiers ↑
Bereavement ↑
The power of the veterans as a social category ↑
Identity at stake from the interwar period until today ↑
Reassessing the impact of civilian dead on the population ↑
Notes
Citation
License
Metadata
Map
Images
Corpses of French front soldiers, 1917
Related Articles
Resources
RDF/XML
Content: Recent research has reevaluated the number of civilian casualties resulting from the war. Though the number of civilian casualties is not as high as the number of military casualties, the recently revealed high number of civilian deaths does serve to enhance the weight of bereavement and trauma within the communities affected, thus leaving an even deeper mark on the already diverse memories of the conflict. War losses: an issue in the global assessment of the war ↑
Despite intensive research by historians, there does not exist - and there will never exist - a final exact count of the casualties inflicted throughout World War I. We can only provide an estimate about military deaths, estimated to be in the range of around 10 million according to the highest estimates. This estimated body count hints at the drama lived by the societies who were engaged in the war and points to the brutal transition towards an industrialized mass war. This approximate figure also reveals the difficulty encountered in attempting to count the number of dead, and in defining precisely what is meant by war casualties when conducting a global assessment of the war. It raises the question of how the different societies engaged in the war decided how are the dead numbered during the conflict. This is a central issue, which affects the construction and used of war statistics within the nations after the war. Beyond the mere count of the casualties affected, this issue is part of a larger quantitative approach to studying the conflict. Quantitative approaches question the way in which the war was conducted and why reparations were required from Germany when the peace treaties were signed. | https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/war_losses_france |
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