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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_421681932#1_946648822
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Title: Death Valley, the Lowest and Hottest Place in the U.S.
Headings: Geography of Death Valley
Geography of Death Valley
Learn Ten Facts about Death Valley
The Vast Area
From Lowest to Highest
The Climate
Temperature
The Big Basin
Salt in the Land
The Native Tribe
Becoming a National Monument
Vegetation
Wildlife
References
Watch Now: Death Valley Has Stones That Move by Themselves
Content: The region is also one of the hottest and driest in the country. The Vast Area
Death Valley has an area of about 3,000 square miles (7,800 sq km) and runs from the north to the south. It is bounded by the Amargosa Range to the east, the Panamint Range to the west, the Sylvania Mountains to the north and the Owlshead Mountains to the south. From Lowest to Highest
Death Valley is located only 76 miles (123 km) from Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous U.S. at 14,505 feet (4,421 m). The Climate
The climate of Death Valley is arid and because it is bounded by mountains on all sides, hot, dry air masses often get trapped in the valley. Therefore, extremely hot temperatures are not uncommon in the area. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Death Valley was 134°F (57.1°C) at Furnace Creek on July 10, 1913. Temperature
Average summer temperatures in Death Valley frequently exceed 100°F (37°C) and the average August high temperature for Furnace Creek is 113.9°F (45.5°C). By contrast, the average January low is 39.3°F (4.1°C). The Big Basin
Death Valley is a part of the U.S. Basin and Range province as it is a low point surrounded by very high mountain ranges.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-of-death-valley-1435725
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_422364585#0_948396272
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Title: German Holidays Customs and Celebrations
Headings: German Holidays and Celebrations
German Holidays and Celebrations
Many American holidays have their roots in German celebrations
Januar (January) Neujahr (New Year's Day)
Februar (February) Mariä Lichtmess (Groundhog Day)
Fastnacht/Karneval (Carnival/Mardi Gras)
April: Ostern (Easter)
May: May Day
Juni (June): Vatertag (Father's Day)
Oktober (October): Oktoberfest
Erntedankfest
November: Martinmas (Martinstag)
December (Dezsember): Weihnachten (Christmas)
Content: German Holidays Customs and Celebrations
Languages › German
German Holidays and Celebrations
Many American holidays have their roots in German celebrations
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Travel Ink / Getty Images
German
History & Culture
Pronunciation & Conversation
Vocabulary
Grammar
By
Hyde Flippo
German Expert
Hyde Flippo taught the German language for 28 years at high school and college levels and published several books on the German language and culture. our editorial process
Hyde Flippo
Updated July 03, 2019
The German holiday calendar has several in common with other parts of Europe and the United States, including Christmas and New Years. But there are several notable holidays that are uniquely German throughout the year. Here is a month-by-month look at some of the major holidays celebrated in Germany. Januar (January) Neujahr (New Year's Day)
Germans mark the New Year with celebrations and fireworks and feasts. Feuerzangenbowle is a popular traditional German New Year's drink. Its main ingredients are red wine, rum, oranges, lemons, cinnamon, and cloves. Germans traditionally send New Year's cards to tell family and friends about events in their lives during the past year. Februar (February) Mariä Lichtmess (Groundhog Day)
The American tradition of Groundhog Day has its roots in the German religious holiday Mariä Lichtmess, also known as Candlemas. Beginning in the 1840s, German immigrants to Pennsylvania had observed the tradition of a hedgehog predicting the end of winter.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/german-holidays-and-celebrations-4072766
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_422438867#4_948589786
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Title: German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Reformation Uprising
Headings: German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor
German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor
Agrarian and Urban Poor Waged Class Warfare Against Their Rulers
Context
The Revolt
Twelve Articles of Memmingen
Frankenhausen
Key Figures
Resolution
Content: Some related to the church: more power of congregation members to select their own pastors, changes in tithing. Other demands were secular: stopping land enclosure which cut off access to fish and game and other products of the woods and rivers, ending serfdom, reform in the justice system. Frankenhausen
The peasants were crushed in a battle at Frankenhausen, fought May 15, 1525. More than 5,000 peasants were killed, and the leaders captured and executed. Key Figures
Martin Luther, whose ideas inspired some of the princes in German-speaking Europe to break with the Roman Catholic Church, opposed the peasant rebellion. He preached peaceful action by the peasants in his An Exhortation of Peace in Response to the Twelve Articles of the Swabian Peasants. He taught that peasants had a responsibility to farm the land and rulers had the responsibility to keep the peace. Just at the end as the peasants were losing, Luther published his Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/german-peasants-war-4150166
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_422438867#5_948591323
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Title: German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Reformation Uprising
Headings: German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor
German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor
Agrarian and Urban Poor Waged Class Warfare Against Their Rulers
Context
The Revolt
Twelve Articles of Memmingen
Frankenhausen
Key Figures
Resolution
Content: More than 5,000 peasants were killed, and the leaders captured and executed. Key Figures
Martin Luther, whose ideas inspired some of the princes in German-speaking Europe to break with the Roman Catholic Church, opposed the peasant rebellion. He preached peaceful action by the peasants in his An Exhortation of Peace in Response to the Twelve Articles of the Swabian Peasants. He taught that peasants had a responsibility to farm the land and rulers had the responsibility to keep the peace. Just at the end as the peasants were losing, Luther published his Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants. In this, he encouraged a violent and quick reaction on the part of the ruling classes. After the war was over and the peasants defeated, he then criticized the violence by the rulers and the continued suppression of peasants. Thomas Müntzer or Münzer, another Reformation minister in Germany, supported the peasants, by the early part of 1525 had definitely joined the rebels, and may have consulted with some of their leaders to shape their demands. His vision of a church and the world used images of a small “elect” battling a greater evil to bring good into the world. After the end of the revolt, Luther and other Reformers held up Müntzer as an example of taking the Reformation too far.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/german-peasants-war-4150166
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_422438867#6_948593195
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Title: German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Reformation Uprising
Headings: German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor
German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor
Agrarian and Urban Poor Waged Class Warfare Against Their Rulers
Context
The Revolt
Twelve Articles of Memmingen
Frankenhausen
Key Figures
Resolution
Content: In this, he encouraged a violent and quick reaction on the part of the ruling classes. After the war was over and the peasants defeated, he then criticized the violence by the rulers and the continued suppression of peasants. Thomas Müntzer or Münzer, another Reformation minister in Germany, supported the peasants, by the early part of 1525 had definitely joined the rebels, and may have consulted with some of their leaders to shape their demands. His vision of a church and the world used images of a small “elect” battling a greater evil to bring good into the world. After the end of the revolt, Luther and other Reformers held up Müntzer as an example of taking the Reformation too far. Among the leaders who defeated Müntzer’s forces at Frankenhausen were Philip of Hesse, John of Saxony, and Henry and George of Saxony. Resolution
As many as 300,000 people took part in the rebellion, and some 100,000 were killed. The peasants won almost none of their demands. The rulers, interpreting the war as a reason for repression, instituted laws that were more repressive than before, and often decided to repress more unconventional forms of religious change, too, thus slowing the progress of the Protestant Reformation. Cite this Article
Format
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Your Citation
Lewis, Jone Johnson. "
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https://www.thoughtco.com/german-peasants-war-4150166
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_424505779#1_953812740
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Title: Definition of Greenbacks
Headings: Definition of Greenbacks
Definition of Greenbacks
The Civil War created paper money with a name that stuck
The Civil War Prompted the Need for Money
The Early Greenbacks Appeared in 1862
The Confederate Government Also Issued Paper Money
Greenbacks Were Successful
Content: The printing of money by the government was seen as a wartime necessity prompted by the great costs of the conflict and it was a controversial choice. The objection to paper money was that it wasn't backed by precious metals, but rather by confidence in the issuing institution i.e. the federal government. ( One version of the origin of the name "greenbacks" is that people said the money was only backed by the green ink on the papers' backs.) The first greenbacks were printed in 1862, after the passage of the Legal Tender Act, which President Abraham Lincoln signed into law on February 26, 1862. The law authorized the printing of $150 million in paper currency. A second Legal Tender Act, passed in 1863, authorized the issuing of another $300 million in greenbacks. The Civil War Prompted the Need for Money
The outbreak of the Civil War created a massive financial crisis. The Lincoln administration began recruiting soldiers in 1861, and all the many thousands of troops had to be paid and equipped with weapons—everything from bullets to cannon to ironclad warships had to be built in northern factories. As most Americans did not expect the war to last very long, there didn't seem to be a pressing need to take drastic action. In 1861, Salmon Chase, the secretary of the treasury in Lincoln's administration, issued bonds to pay for the war effort.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/greenbacks-definition-1773325
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_424505779#4_953817977
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Title: Definition of Greenbacks
Headings: Definition of Greenbacks
Definition of Greenbacks
The Civil War created paper money with a name that stuck
The Civil War Prompted the Need for Money
The Early Greenbacks Appeared in 1862
The Confederate Government Also Issued Paper Money
Greenbacks Were Successful
Content: But after considerable debate, the Legal Tender Act made it through congress and became law. The Early Greenbacks Appeared in 1862
The new paper money, printed in 1862, was (to the surprise of many) not met with widespread disapproval. On the contrary, the new bills were seen as being more reliable than the previous paper money in circulation, which had typically been issued by local banks. Historians have noted that the acceptance of the greenbacks signaled a change in thinking. Instead of the value of money being linked to the financial health of individual banks, it was now linked to the concept of faith in the nation itself. So in a sense, having a common currency was something of a patriotic boost during the Civil War. The new one-dollar bill featured an engraving of the secretary of the treasury, Salmon Chase. An engraving of Alexander Hamilton appeared on denominations of two, five, and 50 dollars. President Abraham Lincoln's image appeared on the ten-dollar bill. The use of green ink was dictated by practical considerations.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/greenbacks-definition-1773325
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_424758002#1_954471969
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Title: The Growth of the Early American Economy in the West
Headings: The Growth of the Early US Economy in the West
The Growth of the Early US Economy in the West
A Brief History
Early Americans Move West
President Andrew Jackson's Economic Influence
American 19th Century Economic Growth in the West
Content: Planters in the South bought land from small farmers who frequently moved farther west. Soon, large southern plantations supported by labor stolen from enslaved African people made some American families very wealthy. Early Americans Move West
It wasn't just small southern farmers who were moving west. Whole villages in the eastern colonies sometimes uprooted and established new settlements looking for new opportunity in the more fertile farmland of the Midwest. While western settlers are often depicted as fiercely independent and strongly opposed to any kind of government control or interference, these first settlers actually received quite a bit of government support, both directly and indirectly. For example, the American government began investing in infrastructure out west including government-funded national roads and waterways, such as the Cumberland Pike (1818) and the Erie Canal (1825). These government projects ultimately helped new settlers migrate west and later helped move their western farm produce to market in the eastern states. President Andrew Jackson's Economic Influence
Many Americans, both rich and poor, idealized Andrew Jackson, who became president in 1829, because he had started life in a log cabin in American frontier territory. President Jackson (1829–1837) opposed the successor to Hamilton's National Bank, who he believed favored the entrenched interests of the eastern states against the west. When he was elected for a second term, Jackson opposed renewing the bank's charter and Congress supported him.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/growth-of-the-early-us-economy-in-the-west-1148147
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_424758002#2_954474044
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Title: The Growth of the Early American Economy in the West
Headings: The Growth of the Early US Economy in the West
The Growth of the Early US Economy in the West
A Brief History
Early Americans Move West
President Andrew Jackson's Economic Influence
American 19th Century Economic Growth in the West
Content: For example, the American government began investing in infrastructure out west including government-funded national roads and waterways, such as the Cumberland Pike (1818) and the Erie Canal (1825). These government projects ultimately helped new settlers migrate west and later helped move their western farm produce to market in the eastern states. President Andrew Jackson's Economic Influence
Many Americans, both rich and poor, idealized Andrew Jackson, who became president in 1829, because he had started life in a log cabin in American frontier territory. President Jackson (1829–1837) opposed the successor to Hamilton's National Bank, who he believed favored the entrenched interests of the eastern states against the west. When he was elected for a second term, Jackson opposed renewing the bank's charter and Congress supported him. These actions shook confidence in the nation's financial system, and business panics occurred in both 1834 and 1837. American 19th Century Economic Growth in the West
But these periodic economic dislocations did not curtail rapid U.S. economic growth during the 19th century. New inventions and capital investment led to the creation of new industries and economic growth. As transportation improved, new markets continuously opened to take advantage. The steamboat made river traffic faster and cheaper, but the development of railroads had an even greater effect, opening up vast stretches of new territory for development.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/growth-of-the-early-us-economy-in-the-west-1148147
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_424758002#3_954476036
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Title: The Growth of the Early American Economy in the West
Headings: The Growth of the Early US Economy in the West
The Growth of the Early US Economy in the West
A Brief History
Early Americans Move West
President Andrew Jackson's Economic Influence
American 19th Century Economic Growth in the West
Content: These actions shook confidence in the nation's financial system, and business panics occurred in both 1834 and 1837. American 19th Century Economic Growth in the West
But these periodic economic dislocations did not curtail rapid U.S. economic growth during the 19th century. New inventions and capital investment led to the creation of new industries and economic growth. As transportation improved, new markets continuously opened to take advantage. The steamboat made river traffic faster and cheaper, but the development of railroads had an even greater effect, opening up vast stretches of new territory for development. Like canals and roads, railroads received large amounts of government assistance in their early building years in the form of land grants. But unlike other forms of transportation, railroads also attracted a good deal of domestic and European private investment. In these heady days, get-rich-quick schemes abounded. Financial manipulators made fortunes overnight while much more lost their entire savings. Nevertheless, a combination of vision and foreign investment, combined with the discovery of gold and a major commitment of America's public and private wealth, enabled the nation to develop a large-scale railroad system, establishing the base for the country's industrialization and expansion into the west.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/growth-of-the-early-us-economy-in-the-west-1148147
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_426858533#0_959687703
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Title: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Headings: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Population Boom
Hispanic Concentration in the U.S.
Flourishing in Business
Challenges in Education
Overcoming Poverty
Spanish Speakers
Content: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Humanities › Issues
6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Cliff/Flickr.com
Issues
Race Relations
Understanding Race & Racism
History
People & Events
Law & Politics
The U. S. Government
U.S. Foreign Policy
U.S. Liberal Politics
U.S. Conservative Politics
Women's Issues
Civil Liberties
The Middle East
Immigration
Crime & Punishment
Canadian Government
View More
By
Nadra Kareem Nittle
M.A., English and Comparative Literary Studies, Occidental College
B.A., English, Comparative Literature, and American Studies, Occidental College
Nadra Kareem Nittle is a journalist with bylines in The Atlantic, Vox, and The New York Times. Her reporting focuses education, race, and public policy. our editorial process
Nadra Kareem Nittle
Updated July 21, 2019
Facts and figures about the Hispanic American population reveal it is not only the largest ethnic minority group in the United States but also one of the most complex. Individuals of any race (Black, White, Native American) identify as Latino. Hispanics in the U.S. trace their roots to a variety of continents, speak a variety of languages and practice a variety of customs. As the Latino population grows, the American public’s knowledge about Hispanics grows as well. In this effort, the U.S. Census Bureau compiled statistics about Latinos in honor of National Hispanic Heritage Month that shed light on where Latinos are concentrated in the United States, how much the Latino population has grown and the strides Latinos have made in sectors such as business. Latinos face challenges as well; they remain underrepresented in higher education and suffer from high rates of poverty. As Latinos gain more resources and opportunities, expect them to excel.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanic-american-population-facts-and-figures-2834946
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_426858533#1_959690026
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Title: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Headings: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Population Boom
Hispanic Concentration in the U.S.
Flourishing in Business
Challenges in Education
Overcoming Poverty
Spanish Speakers
Content: As the Latino population grows, the American public’s knowledge about Hispanics grows as well. In this effort, the U.S. Census Bureau compiled statistics about Latinos in honor of National Hispanic Heritage Month that shed light on where Latinos are concentrated in the United States, how much the Latino population has grown and the strides Latinos have made in sectors such as business. Latinos face challenges as well; they remain underrepresented in higher education and suffer from high rates of poverty. As Latinos gain more resources and opportunities, expect them to excel. Population Boom
With 52 million Americans identifying as Hispanic, Latinos make up 16.7% of the U.S. population. From 2010 to 2011 alone, the number of Hispanics in the country jumped by 1.3 million, a 2.5% increase. By 2050, the Hispanic population is expected to reach 132.8 million, or 30% of the projected U.S. population at that time. The Hispanic population in the U.S. in 2010 was the largest in the world outside of Mexico, which has a population of 112 million. Mexican Americans are the largest Latino group in the U.S., making up 63% of Hispanics in the nation.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanic-american-population-facts-and-figures-2834946
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_426858533#4_959694862
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Title: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Headings: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Population Boom
Hispanic Concentration in the U.S.
Flourishing in Business
Challenges in Education
Overcoming Poverty
Spanish Speakers
Content: Los Angeles County boasts the highest number of Latinos, with 4.7 million Hispanics. Eighty-two of the country’s 3,143 counties were majority-Hispanic. Flourishing in Business
From 2002 to 2007, the number of Hispanic-owned businesses in 2007 jumped by 43.6% to 2.3 million. During that time frame, they grossed $350.7 billion, which represents a 58% jump between 2002 and 2007. The state of New Mexico leads the nation in Hispanic-owned businesses. There, 23.7% of businesses are Hispanic-owned. Next in line is Florida, where 22.4% of businesses are Hispanic-owned, and Texas, where 20.7% are. Challenges in Education
Latinos have advances to make in education. In 2010, just 62.2% of Hispanics aged 25 and up had a high school diploma. In contrast, from 2006 to 2010, 85% of Americans aged 25 and up had graduated from high school.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanic-american-population-facts-and-figures-2834946
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_426858533#5_959696223
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Title: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Headings: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Population Boom
Hispanic Concentration in the U.S.
Flourishing in Business
Challenges in Education
Overcoming Poverty
Spanish Speakers
Content: There, 23.7% of businesses are Hispanic-owned. Next in line is Florida, where 22.4% of businesses are Hispanic-owned, and Texas, where 20.7% are. Challenges in Education
Latinos have advances to make in education. In 2010, just 62.2% of Hispanics aged 25 and up had a high school diploma. In contrast, from 2006 to 2010, 85% of Americans aged 25 and up had graduated from high school. In 2010, only 13% of Hispanics had obtained at least a bachelor’s degree. More than double that proportion of Americans generally (27.9%) had obtained a bachelor’s degree or a graduate degree. In 2010, only 6.2% of college students were Latino. That same year just more than a million Hispanics held advanced degrees. Overcoming Poverty
Hispanics were the ethnic group said to be hardest hit by the economic recession that kicked off in 2007.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanic-american-population-facts-and-figures-2834946
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_426858533#6_959697582
|
Title: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Headings: 6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
6 Interesting Facts About the Hispanic Population
Population Boom
Hispanic Concentration in the U.S.
Flourishing in Business
Challenges in Education
Overcoming Poverty
Spanish Speakers
Content: In 2010, only 13% of Hispanics had obtained at least a bachelor’s degree. More than double that proportion of Americans generally (27.9%) had obtained a bachelor’s degree or a graduate degree. In 2010, only 6.2% of college students were Latino. That same year just more than a million Hispanics held advanced degrees. Overcoming Poverty
Hispanics were the ethnic group said to be hardest hit by the economic recession that kicked off in 2007. From 2009 to 2010, the poverty rate for Latinos actually increased to 26.6% from 25.3%. The national poverty rate in 2010 was 15.3%. Moreover, the median household income for Latinos in 2010 was just $37,759. In contrast, the median household income for the nation between 2006 and 2010 was $51,914. The good news for Latinos is that the amount of Hispanics without health insurance appears to be declining.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanic-american-population-facts-and-figures-2834946
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_426879759#0_959744772
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Title: Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
Headings: Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
All Undocumented Immigrants Come From Mexico
All Latinxs Are Immigrants
All Latinxs Speak Spanish
All Latinxs Look the Same
Content: Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
Humanities › Issues
Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
Spencer Platt / Getty Images News / Getty Images
Issues
Race Relations
Understanding Race & Racism
History
People & Events
Law & Politics
The U. S. Government
U.S. Foreign Policy
U.S. Liberal Politics
U.S. Conservative Politics
Women's Issues
Civil Liberties
The Middle East
Immigration
Crime & Punishment
Canadian Government
View More
By
Nadra Kareem Nittle
M.A., English and Comparative Literary Studies, Occidental College
B.A., English, Comparative Literature, and American Studies, Occidental College
Nadra Kareem Nittle is a journalist with bylines in The Atlantic, Vox, and The New York Times. Her reporting focuses education, race, and public policy. our editorial process
Nadra Kareem Nittle
Updated February 22, 2021
Latinxs may be the largest ethnic minority group in the United States, but stereotypes and misconceptions about Hispanic Americans abound. A considerable number of Americans believe that Latinxs are all recent immigrants to the U.S. and that unauthorized migrants to the country exclusively come from Mexico. Others believe that Hispanics all speak Spanish and have the same ethnic traits. In fact, Latinxs are a more diverse group than the public generally recognizes. Some are White. Others are Black. Some speak English only. Others speak Indigenous languages.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanics-and-immigration-myths-stereotypes-2834527
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_426879759#3_959749880
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Title: Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
Headings: Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
All Undocumented Immigrants Come From Mexico
All Latinxs Are Immigrants
All Latinxs Speak Spanish
All Latinxs Look the Same
Content: To start, the number of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. has fallen from its peak of an estimated 12.2 million in 2007 to 10.5 million in 2017, according to the Pew Research Center. And given the eclectic mix of undocumented immigrants residing in the U.S., it’s unfair to paint them with a broad brush. In the past, Mexicans did make up the majority of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. But the Pew Research Center reported that is no longer the case. Instead, many people are coming from Central American countries like El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, and Asia. All Latinxs Are Immigrants
There are many Latinx people whose families have lived in the United States for generations and so may not identify themselves or their immediate family as immigrants. But perhaps the easiest way to dispel this myth is looking at countries like Puerto Rico. It is a United States territory so people born there have U.S. citizenship. As a result, if people move from the island to the U.S., they may not always consider themselves immigrants. All Latinxs Speak Spanish
It’s no secret that most Latinxs trace their roots to countries that the Spanish once colonized. Because of Spanish imperialism, many Latinxs speak Spanish, but not all do.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanics-and-immigration-myths-stereotypes-2834527
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_426879759#7_959756279
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Title: Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
Headings: Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration
All Undocumented Immigrants Come From Mexico
All Latinxs Are Immigrants
All Latinxs Speak Spanish
All Latinxs Look the Same
Content: However, more Latinxs are identifying as White as well. The Great Falls Tribune reported that 53% of Latinxs identified as White in 2010, an increase from the 49% of Latinxs who identified as Caucasian in 2000. Roughly 2.5% of Latinxs identified as Black on the 2010 census form. Cite this Article
Format
mla apa chicago
Your Citation
Nittle, Nadra Kareem. " Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration." ThoughtCo, Feb. 23, 2021, thoughtco.com/hispanics-and-immigration-myths-stereotypes-2834527. Nittle, Nadra Kareem. ( 2021, February 23). Common Myths and Stereotypes About Latinxs and Immigration. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanics-and-immigration-myths-stereotypes-2834527 Nittle, Nadra Kareem. "
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https://www.thoughtco.com/hispanics-and-immigration-myths-stereotypes-2834527
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_428118959#13_962592031
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Title: History of the Second Amendment
Headings: The History of Gun Rights in America
The History of Gun Rights in America
A Timeline of the 2nd Amendment
Gun Rights Before the Constitution
1791: The Second Amendment Is Ratified
1822: Bliss v. Commonwealth Brings 'Individual Right' Into Question
1856: Dred Scott v. Sandford Upholds Individual Right
1871: NRA Is Founded
1934: National Firearms Act Brings About First Major Gun Control
1938: Federal Firearms Act Requires Licensure of Dealers
1968: Gun Control Act Ushers in New Regulations
1994: The Brady Act and Assault Weapons Ban
2004: The Assault Weapons Ban Sunsets
2008: D.C. v. Heller Is a Major Setback for Gun Control
2010: Gun Owners Win Another Victory in McDonald v. Chicago
2013: Obama's Proposals Fail Federally but Gain State Traction
2017: Proposed Gun Control Law Stall
2018: Parkland School Shooting Sparks a National Student Movement and State Legislation
Content: His plan required background checks for all gun sales, called for the reinstatement and strengthening of the assault weapons ban, limited ammunition magazines to 10 rounds, and included other measures. While these proposals did not succeed at the national level, a number of individual states began to tighten their laws accordingly. 2017: Proposed Gun Control Law Stall
The Background Check Completion Act was introduced on Oct. 5, 2017, less than a week after the deadly Oct. 1 mass shooting in Las Vegas. The Background Check Completion Act would close a current loophole in the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act that allows gun sales to proceed if a background check is not completed after 72 hours, even if the gun buyer is not legally allowed to purchase a gun. The bill has stalled in Congress. 2018: Parkland School Shooting Sparks a National Student Movement and State Legislation
On Feb. 14, a school shooting at Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, killed 17 people and injured 17 others. This was the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history. Student survivors created the activist group Never Again MSD and organized momentous nationwide protests and walkouts by students.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-second-amendment-721379
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_428118959#14_962594392
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Title: History of the Second Amendment
Headings: The History of Gun Rights in America
The History of Gun Rights in America
A Timeline of the 2nd Amendment
Gun Rights Before the Constitution
1791: The Second Amendment Is Ratified
1822: Bliss v. Commonwealth Brings 'Individual Right' Into Question
1856: Dred Scott v. Sandford Upholds Individual Right
1871: NRA Is Founded
1934: National Firearms Act Brings About First Major Gun Control
1938: Federal Firearms Act Requires Licensure of Dealers
1968: Gun Control Act Ushers in New Regulations
1994: The Brady Act and Assault Weapons Ban
2004: The Assault Weapons Ban Sunsets
2008: D.C. v. Heller Is a Major Setback for Gun Control
2010: Gun Owners Win Another Victory in McDonald v. Chicago
2013: Obama's Proposals Fail Federally but Gain State Traction
2017: Proposed Gun Control Law Stall
2018: Parkland School Shooting Sparks a National Student Movement and State Legislation
Content: The bill has stalled in Congress. 2018: Parkland School Shooting Sparks a National Student Movement and State Legislation
On Feb. 14, a school shooting at Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, killed 17 people and injured 17 others. This was the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history. Student survivors created the activist group Never Again MSD and organized momentous nationwide protests and walkouts by students. As of July 2018, just five months after the Florida shooting, the Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence counts 55 new gun-control laws passing in 26 state
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https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-second-amendment-721379
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_429432196#10_965660465
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Title: How to Find Trustworthy Sources
Headings: How to Find Trustworthy Sources
How to Find Trustworthy Sources
An Exercise in Trust
Bias Factors
What To Look For
Content: This body of professionals acts as a small jury to determine truthfulness. Peer-reviewed articles are very trustworthy. Research is a quest for truth. Your job as a researcher is to use the most trustworthy sources to find the most accurate information. Your job also involves using a variety of sources, to reduce the chances that you are relying on tainted, opinion-filled evidence. Cite this Article
Format
mla apa chicago
Your Citation
Fleming, Grace. " How to Find Trustworthy Sources." ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/how-do-you-find-trustworthy-sources-1857252. Fleming, Grace. ( 2020, August 27).
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https://www.thoughtco.com/how-do-you-find-trustworthy-sources-1857252
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_430093606#0_967265754
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Title: How Social Media Has Changed Politics
Headings: How Social Media Has Changed Politics
How Social Media Has Changed Politics
10 Ways Twitter and Facebook Have Altered Campaigns
Direct Contact With Voters
Advertising Without Paying For Advertising
How Campaigns Go Viral
Tailoring the Message to the Audience
Fundraising
Controversy
Feedback
Weighing Public Opinion
It's Hip
The Power of Many
Content: How Social Media Has Changed Politics
Humanities › Issues
How Social Media Has Changed Politics
10 Ways Twitter and Facebook Have Altered Campaigns
Issues
The U. S. Government
Campaigns & Elections
History & Major Milestones
U.S. Constitution & Bill of Rights
U.S. Legal System
U.S. Political System
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Defense & Security
Consumer Awareness
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U.S. Liberal Politics
U.S. Conservative Politics
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View More
By
Tom Murse
Tom Murse is a former political reporter and current Managing Editor of daily paper "LNP," and weekly political paper "The Caucus," both published by LNP Media in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. our editorial process
Tom Murse
Updated August 29, 2019
The use of social media in politics including Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube has dramatically changed the way campaigns are run and how Americans interact with their elected officials. The prevalence of social media in politics has made elected officials and candidates more accountable and accessible to voters. And the ability to publish content and broadcast it to millions of people instantaneously allows campaigns to carefully manage their candidates’ images based on rich sets of analytics in real time and at almost no cost. 01
of 10
Direct Contact With Voters
Dan Kitwood/Getty Images
Social media tools including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube allow politicians to speak directly to voters without spending a dime. Using social media allows politicians to circumvent the traditional method of reaching voters through paid advertising or earned media. 02
of 10
Advertising Without Paying For Advertising
YouTube
It has become fairly common for political campaigns to produce commercials and publish them for free on YouTube instead of, or in addition to, paying for time on television or the radio. Often, journalists covering campaigns will write about those YouTube ads, essentially broadcasting their message to a wider audience at no cost to the politicians. 03
of 10
How Campaigns Go Viral
Bethany Clarke / Getty Images
Twitter and Facebook have become instrumental in organizing campaigns. They allow like-minded voters and activists to easily share news and information such as campaign events with each other.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/how-social-media-has-changed-politics-3367534
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_430093606#6_967278141
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Title: How Social Media Has Changed Politics
Headings: How Social Media Has Changed Politics
How Social Media Has Changed Politics
10 Ways Twitter and Facebook Have Altered Campaigns
Direct Contact With Voters
Advertising Without Paying For Advertising
How Campaigns Go Viral
Tailoring the Message to the Audience
Fundraising
Controversy
Feedback
Weighing Public Opinion
It's Hip
The Power of Many
Content: 08
of 10
Weighing Public Opinion
The value of social media is in its immediacy. Politicians and campaigns do absolutely nothing without first knowing how their policy statements or moves will play among the electorate. Twitter and Facebook both allow them to instantaneously gauge how the public is responding to an issue or controversy. Politicians can then adjust their campaigns accordingly, in real time, without the use of high-priced consultants or expensive polling. 09
of 10
It's Hip
One reason social media is effective is that it engages younger voters. Typically, older Americans tend to make up the largest portion of voters who actually go to the polls. But Twitter and Facebook have energized younger voters, which, in turn, had a profound impact on elections. President Barack Obama was the first politician to tap into the power of social media during his two successful campaigns. 10
of 10
The Power of Many
Social media tools have allowed Americans to easily join together to petition the government and their elected officials, leveraging their numbers against the influence of powerful lobbyists and monied special interests. Make no mistake, lobbyists and special interest still have the upper hand, but the day will come when the power of social media allows like-minded citizens to join together in ways that will be just as powerful.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/how-social-media-has-changed-politics-3367534
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_432318030#2_973084511
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Title: How to Wash Your Scuba Gear
Headings: How to Wash Your Scuba Gear
How to Wash Your Scuba Gear
Just Add Water
Cleaning the Regulator
Washing Your BCD
Dive Computer and Camera
Wetsuit, Drysuits, Booties, and Gloves
Fins, Mask, Snorkel, and Other Equipment
Content: If you've been shore diving you may have sand or dirt on some of your equipment and it's a very good idea to rinse this off with a hose or in a separate bucket before washing the gear in the tub. Cleaning the Regulator
The number one rule when washing your regulator is to ensure that the regulator's dust cap is clean, dry, and securely in place. This helps to prevent water from entering the first stage, which has internal components that are sensitive to moisture. However, it's still not advisable to completely submerge the first stage in water and let it soak, as some water may leak into the first stage even with the dust cap in place (it's a dust cap, not a water cap, after all). Try to rinse the first stage with flowing water for one or two minutes, rotating any moving parts to be sure that the salt is removed. Use a hose flow water through the second stages (without depressing the purge button) as well as around the low-pressure inflator hose sleeve, where it attaches to the BCD. Slide the sleeve around a bit as you rinse the hose, to be sure that the moving parts are fully rinsed. Soak the second stages and hoses in fresh water for a few minutes if desired, but drape the first stage over the edge of the rinse tank to keep it from being fully submerged. Hang the regulator in and air with good air circulation, and allow it to fully dry before storing or packing. Washing Your BCD
To wash your BCD, completely submerge it in fresh water and dunk it up and down several times until all salt water and dry salt crystals have been washed away.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-wash-your-scuba-gear-2963076
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_432318030#3_973086537
|
Title: How to Wash Your Scuba Gear
Headings: How to Wash Your Scuba Gear
How to Wash Your Scuba Gear
Just Add Water
Cleaning the Regulator
Washing Your BCD
Dive Computer and Camera
Wetsuit, Drysuits, Booties, and Gloves
Fins, Mask, Snorkel, and Other Equipment
Content: Use a hose flow water through the second stages (without depressing the purge button) as well as around the low-pressure inflator hose sleeve, where it attaches to the BCD. Slide the sleeve around a bit as you rinse the hose, to be sure that the moving parts are fully rinsed. Soak the second stages and hoses in fresh water for a few minutes if desired, but drape the first stage over the edge of the rinse tank to keep it from being fully submerged. Hang the regulator in and air with good air circulation, and allow it to fully dry before storing or packing. Washing Your BCD
To wash your BCD, completely submerge it in fresh water and dunk it up and down several times until all salt water and dry salt crystals have been washed away. You will also need to was the inside of the BCD. Underwater, small amounts of water can enter the inside of the BCD through the exhaust valves and low-pressure inflator. It is necessary to wash all of this water out as salt water eventually dries inside leaving behind salt crystals which can build up over time and cause exhaust valves to malfunction and the internal bladder to tear. Begin by pushing down on the deflate button of the low-pressure inflator while using a hose to flow fresh water into the exhaust valve. Once the bladder is one-quarter filled, thoroughly shake the BCD to allow the water to move all around the inside.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-wash-your-scuba-gear-2963076
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#0_977275173
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Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Resources › For Educators
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
Share
Flipboard
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When teachers reflect on teaching is more important than how they reflect. Tara Moore / Taxi / Getty Images
For Educators
Teaching
Teaching Resources
An Introduction to Teaching
Tips & Strategies
Policies & Discipline
Community Involvement
School Administration
Technology in the Classroom
Teaching Adult Learners
Issues In Education
Becoming A Teacher
Assessments & Tests
Elementary Education
Secondary Education
Special Education
Homeschooling
By
Melissa Kelly
Education Expert
M.Ed., Curriculum and Instruction, University of Florida
B.A., History, University of Florida
Melissa Kelly, M.Ed., is a secondary school teacher, instructional designer, and the author of "The Everything New Teacher Book: A Survival Guide for the First Year and Beyond." our editorial process
Melissa Kelly
Updated March 19, 2020
A reflective teacher is an effective teacher. And educators do tend to reflect on their teaching methods. In an article titled "Teacher Reflection In a Hall of Mirrors: Historical Influences and Political Reverberations," researcher Lynn Fendler states that teachers are reflective by nature as they continuously make adjustments in instruction. "The laborious attempts to facilitate reflective practices for teachers fly in the face of the truism expressed in the epigraph of this article, namely, that there is no such thing as an unreflective teacher."
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https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#1_977277126
|
Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: our editorial process
Melissa Kelly
Updated March 19, 2020
A reflective teacher is an effective teacher. And educators do tend to reflect on their teaching methods. In an article titled "Teacher Reflection In a Hall of Mirrors: Historical Influences and Political Reverberations," researcher Lynn Fendler states that teachers are reflective by nature as they continuously make adjustments in instruction. "The laborious attempts to facilitate reflective practices for teachers fly in the face of the truism expressed in the epigraph of this article, namely, that there is no such thing as an unreflective teacher." Yet, there very little evidence to indicate how much reflecting a teacher should do or how she should go about it. Research—and there is little published recently on the subject—suggests that the amount of reflection a teacher does or how she records that reflection is not as important as the timing. Teachers who wait to reflect, rather than reflecting immediately after presenting a lesson or unit, may not be as accurate as those who record their thoughts immediately. In other words, if a teacher's reflection is distanced by time, that reflection may revise the past to fit a present belief. 'Reflect-in-Action'
Teachers spend so much time preparing for and delivering lessons that they often fail to record their reflections on lessons in journals unless required.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#2_977278954
|
Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: Yet, there very little evidence to indicate how much reflecting a teacher should do or how she should go about it. Research—and there is little published recently on the subject—suggests that the amount of reflection a teacher does or how she records that reflection is not as important as the timing. Teachers who wait to reflect, rather than reflecting immediately after presenting a lesson or unit, may not be as accurate as those who record their thoughts immediately. In other words, if a teacher's reflection is distanced by time, that reflection may revise the past to fit a present belief. 'Reflect-in-Action'
Teachers spend so much time preparing for and delivering lessons that they often fail to record their reflections on lessons in journals unless required. Instead, most teachers "reflect-in-action," a term coined by philosopher Donald Schon in the 1980s. This is the kind of reflection that occurs in the classroom in order to produce a necessary change at that moment. Reflection-in-action contrasts with reflection- on -action, in which the teacher considers his actions soon after instruction in order to be able to make adjustments for similar teaching situations in the future. Methods of Teacher Reflection
Despite the lack of concrete evidence supporting reflection in teaching, educators are generally required by many school districts to reflect on their practice as part of the teacher-evaluation process. There are many different ways that teachers can include reflection to satisfy evaluation programs and enhance their professional development, but the best method may be one where the teacher reflects frequently.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#3_977281025
|
Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: Instead, most teachers "reflect-in-action," a term coined by philosopher Donald Schon in the 1980s. This is the kind of reflection that occurs in the classroom in order to produce a necessary change at that moment. Reflection-in-action contrasts with reflection- on -action, in which the teacher considers his actions soon after instruction in order to be able to make adjustments for similar teaching situations in the future. Methods of Teacher Reflection
Despite the lack of concrete evidence supporting reflection in teaching, educators are generally required by many school districts to reflect on their practice as part of the teacher-evaluation process. There are many different ways that teachers can include reflection to satisfy evaluation programs and enhance their professional development, but the best method may be one where the teacher reflects frequently. A daily reflection, for example, is when teachers take a few moments at the end of the day to debrief on the day's events. Typically, this should not take more than a few moments. When they practice this kind of reflection over a period of time, the information can be illuminating. Some teachers keep a daily journal while others simply jot down notes about issues that they had in class. At the end of a teaching unit, once the teacher has graded all assignments, he may want to take some time to reflect on the unit as a whole.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#4_977282844
|
Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: A daily reflection, for example, is when teachers take a few moments at the end of the day to debrief on the day's events. Typically, this should not take more than a few moments. When they practice this kind of reflection over a period of time, the information can be illuminating. Some teachers keep a daily journal while others simply jot down notes about issues that they had in class. At the end of a teaching unit, once the teacher has graded all assignments, he may want to take some time to reflect on the unit as a whole. Answering questions can help guide teachers as they decide what they want to keep and what they want to change the next time they teach the same unit. Sample questions can include: Which lessons in this unit worked and which didn't? With which skills did students struggle the most? Why?
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https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#5_977284075
|
Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: Answering questions can help guide teachers as they decide what they want to keep and what they want to change the next time they teach the same unit. Sample questions can include: Which lessons in this unit worked and which didn't? With which skills did students struggle the most? Why? Which learning objectives seemed the easiest for students? What made those work better? Were the results of the unit what I had expected and hoped for? Why or why not? At the end of a semester or school year, a teacher may look back over the students' grades in order to try and make an overall judgment about the practices and strategies that are positive as well as areas that need improvement.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#6_977285172
|
Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: Which learning objectives seemed the easiest for students? What made those work better? Were the results of the unit what I had expected and hoped for? Why or why not? At the end of a semester or school year, a teacher may look back over the students' grades in order to try and make an overall judgment about the practices and strategies that are positive as well as areas that need improvement. What to Do With Reflections
Reflecting on what went right and wrong with lessons and units—and classroom situations in general—is one thing. However, figuring out what to do with that information is quite another. Time spent in reflection can help ensure that this information can be used to produce real change and for growth to occur. There are several ways teachers can use the information they learned about themselves through reflection. They can:
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https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#7_977286445
|
Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: What to Do With Reflections
Reflecting on what went right and wrong with lessons and units—and classroom situations in general—is one thing. However, figuring out what to do with that information is quite another. Time spent in reflection can help ensure that this information can be used to produce real change and for growth to occur. There are several ways teachers can use the information they learned about themselves through reflection. They can: Reflect on their successes, find reasons to celebrate, and use these reflections to recommend actions they need to take to ensure success for students in next year's lessons; Individually or collectively reflect on areas that need improvement and look for areas where lessons did not have the desired academic impact; Reflect on any housekeeping issues that arose or areas where classroom management needed some work. Reflection is an ongoing process and someday the evidence may provide more specific guidelines for teachers. Reflection as a practice in education is evolving, and so are teachers.
|
https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_433986123#8_977287920
|
Title: All Teachers are Reflective Teachers
Headings: The Importance of Teacher Reflection
The Importance of Teacher Reflection
'Reflect-in-Action'
Methods of Teacher Reflection
What to Do With Reflections
Sources
Content: Reflect on their successes, find reasons to celebrate, and use these reflections to recommend actions they need to take to ensure success for students in next year's lessons; Individually or collectively reflect on areas that need improvement and look for areas where lessons did not have the desired academic impact; Reflect on any housekeeping issues that arose or areas where classroom management needed some work. Reflection is an ongoing process and someday the evidence may provide more specific guidelines for teachers. Reflection as a practice in education is evolving, and so are teachers. Sources
Fendler, Lynn. “ Teacher Reflection in a Hall of Mirrors: Historical Influences and Political Reverberations .” Educational Researcher, vol. 32, no.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-teacher-reflection-8322
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_434095212#11_977578999
|
Title: 50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
Headings: 50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
Many people have misconceptions about what educators do every day
You May Not Remember Every Teacher You Have
Teaching Is a Misunderstood Profession
Facts You May Not Know About Teachers
Content: Teachers love it when they run into former students who tell them how much they appreciated what they did for them. Teachers hate the political aspects of education. Teachers enjoy being asked for input on key decisions that the administration will be making. It gives them ownership in the process. Teachers are not always excited about what they are teaching. There is usually some required content that they do not enjoy teaching. Teachers genuinely want the best for all of their students: They never want to see a child fail. Teachers hate to grade papers. It is a necessary part of the job, but it is also extremely monotonous and time-consuming.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/important-facts-you-should-know-about-teachers-3194671
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_434095212#12_977580222
|
Title: 50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
Headings: 50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
Many people have misconceptions about what educators do every day
You May Not Remember Every Teacher You Have
Teaching Is a Misunderstood Profession
Facts You May Not Know About Teachers
Content: There is usually some required content that they do not enjoy teaching. Teachers genuinely want the best for all of their students: They never want to see a child fail. Teachers hate to grade papers. It is a necessary part of the job, but it is also extremely monotonous and time-consuming. Teachers are consistently searching for better ways to reach their students. They are never happy with the status quo. Teachers often spend their own money on the things they need to run their classroom. Teachers want to inspire others around them, beginning with their students but also including parents, other teachers and their administration. Teachers work in an endless cycle.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/important-facts-you-should-know-about-teachers-3194671
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_434095212#13_977581466
|
Title: 50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
Headings: 50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
Many people have misconceptions about what educators do every day
You May Not Remember Every Teacher You Have
Teaching Is a Misunderstood Profession
Facts You May Not Know About Teachers
Content: Teachers are consistently searching for better ways to reach their students. They are never happy with the status quo. Teachers often spend their own money on the things they need to run their classroom. Teachers want to inspire others around them, beginning with their students but also including parents, other teachers and their administration. Teachers work in an endless cycle. They work hard to get each student from point A to point B and then start over the next year. Teachers understand that classroom management is a part of their job, but it is often one of their least favorite things to handle. Teachers understand that students deal with different, sometimes challenging, situations at home and often go above and beyond to help a student cope with those situations. Teachers love engaging in meaningful professional development and despise time-consuming, sometimes pointless professional development. Teachers want to be role models for all of their students.
|
https://www.thoughtco.com/important-facts-you-should-know-about-teachers-3194671
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_434095212#14_977583013
|
Title: 50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
Headings: 50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
50 Important Facts You Should Know About Teachers
Many people have misconceptions about what educators do every day
You May Not Remember Every Teacher You Have
Teaching Is a Misunderstood Profession
Facts You May Not Know About Teachers
Content: They work hard to get each student from point A to point B and then start over the next year. Teachers understand that classroom management is a part of their job, but it is often one of their least favorite things to handle. Teachers understand that students deal with different, sometimes challenging, situations at home and often go above and beyond to help a student cope with those situations. Teachers love engaging in meaningful professional development and despise time-consuming, sometimes pointless professional development. Teachers want to be role models for all of their students. Teachers want every child to be successful. They do not enjoy failing a student or making a retention decision. Teachers enjoy their time off. It gives them time to reflect and refresh and to make changes they believe will benefit their students. Teachers feel like there is never enough time in a day.
|
https://www.thoughtco.com/important-facts-you-should-know-about-teachers-3194671
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_434126540#0_977645233
|
Title: A Guide to Using Important Japanese Gestures Properly
Headings: Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
The Right Way to Sit on a Tatami Mat and Other Tips
The Proper Way to Sit on Tatami
The Right Way to Beckon in Japan
How to Indicate Yourself ("Who, Me?")
Banzai
Content: A Guide to Using Important Japanese Gestures Properly
Languages › Japanese
Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
The Right Way to Sit on a Tatami Mat and Other Tips
Ingo Tews / Getty Images
Japanese
History & Culture
Essential Japanese Vocabulary
Japanese Grammar
By
Namiko Abe
Japanese Language Expert
B.A., Kwansei Gakuin University
Namiko Abe is a Japanese language teacher and translator, as well as a Japanese calligraphy expert. She has been a freelance writer for nearly 20 years. our editorial process
Namiko Abe
Updated August 21, 2019
While language is a major way of communicating between cultures, a lot of information is packed in-between the lines. In every culture, there are subtleties to pay attention to in order to abide by social customs and rules of politeness . Here is a breakdown on important gestures in Japanese culture, from the right way to sit on a tatami mat to how to point at yourself. The Proper Way to Sit on Tatami
The Japanese have traditionally sat on tatami (a padded straw mat) at their homes. However, many homes today are completely Western in style and don't have Japanese style rooms with tatami. Many young Japanese are no longer able to sit properly on a tatami. The proper way of sitting on tatami is called seiza. Seiza requires that one bends the knees 180 degrees, tuck your calves under your thighs and sit on your heels.
|
https://www.thoughtco.com/important-japanese-gestures-2028031
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_434126540#1_977647186
|
Title: A Guide to Using Important Japanese Gestures Properly
Headings: Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
The Right Way to Sit on a Tatami Mat and Other Tips
The Proper Way to Sit on Tatami
The Right Way to Beckon in Japan
How to Indicate Yourself ("Who, Me?")
Banzai
Content: The Proper Way to Sit on Tatami
The Japanese have traditionally sat on tatami (a padded straw mat) at their homes. However, many homes today are completely Western in style and don't have Japanese style rooms with tatami. Many young Japanese are no longer able to sit properly on a tatami. The proper way of sitting on tatami is called seiza. Seiza requires that one bends the knees 180 degrees, tuck your calves under your thighs and sit on your heels. This can be a difficult posture to maintain if you are not used to it. This sitting posture requires practice, preferably from an early age. It is considered polite to sit seiza-style on formal occasions. Another more relaxed way of sitting on tatami is cross-legged (agura). Starting with legs out straight and folding them in like triangles.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/important-japanese-gestures-2028031
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_434126540#2_977648528
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Title: A Guide to Using Important Japanese Gestures Properly
Headings: Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
The Right Way to Sit on a Tatami Mat and Other Tips
The Proper Way to Sit on Tatami
The Right Way to Beckon in Japan
How to Indicate Yourself ("Who, Me?")
Banzai
Content: This can be a difficult posture to maintain if you are not used to it. This sitting posture requires practice, preferably from an early age. It is considered polite to sit seiza-style on formal occasions. Another more relaxed way of sitting on tatami is cross-legged (agura). Starting with legs out straight and folding them in like triangles. This posture is usually for men. Women would usually go from the formal to an informal sitting posture by shifting their feet just off to the side (iyokozuwari). Though most Japanese do not concern themselves with it, it is proper to walk without stepping in the edge of the tatami. The Right Way to Beckon in Japan
The Japanese beckon with a waving motion with the palm down and the hand flapping up and down at the wrist. Westerners may confuse this with a wave and not realize they are being beckoned.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/important-japanese-gestures-2028031
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_434126540#3_977649922
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Title: A Guide to Using Important Japanese Gestures Properly
Headings: Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
Important Japanese Gestures and How to Do Them Properly
The Right Way to Sit on a Tatami Mat and Other Tips
The Proper Way to Sit on Tatami
The Right Way to Beckon in Japan
How to Indicate Yourself ("Who, Me?")
Banzai
Content: This posture is usually for men. Women would usually go from the formal to an informal sitting posture by shifting their feet just off to the side (iyokozuwari). Though most Japanese do not concern themselves with it, it is proper to walk without stepping in the edge of the tatami. The Right Way to Beckon in Japan
The Japanese beckon with a waving motion with the palm down and the hand flapping up and down at the wrist. Westerners may confuse this with a wave and not realize they are being beckoned. Although this gesture (temaneki) is used by both men and women and all age groups, it is considered rude to beckon a superior this way. Maneki-neko is a cat ornament that sits and has its front paw raised as if it is calling for someone. It is believed to bring good luck and displayed in restaurants or other business in which customer turnover is important. How to Indicate Yourself ("Who, Me?") The Japanese point to their noses with a forefinger to indicate themselves.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/important-japanese-gestures-2028031
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_435089848#2_980137920
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Title: Top 10 Weird but Cool Physics Ideas
Headings: Top 10 Weird but Cool Physics Ideas
Top 10 Weird but Cool Physics Ideas
Intriguing Intellectual Puzzles
Wave Particle Duality
Einstein's Theory of Relativity
Quantum Probability & The Measurement Problem
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Quantum Entanglement & Nonlocality
Unified Field Theory
The Big Bang
Dark Matter & Dark Energy
Quantum Consciousness
Anthropic Principle
Watch Now: Physics Terms and Phrases to Know
Content: Quantum physics is, therefore, able to make descriptions of matter and energy based on wave equations that relate to the probability of a particle existing in a certain spot at a certain time. Einstein's Theory of Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity is based upon the principle that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, regardless of where they are located or how fast they are moving or accelerating. This seemingly common-sense principle predicts localized effects in the form of special relativity and defines gravitation as a geometric phenomenon in the form of general relativity. Quantum Probability & The Measurement Problem
Quantum physics is defined mathematically by the Schroedinger equation, which depicts the probability of a particle being found at a certain point. This probability is fundamental to the system, not merely a result of ignorance. Once a measurement is made, however, you have a definite result. The measurement problem is that the theory doesn't completely explain how the act of measurement actually causes this change. Attempts to solve the problem have led to some intriguing theories. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
The physicist Werner Heisenberg developed the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which says that when measuring the physical state of a quantum system there's a fundamental limit to the amount of precision that can be achieved. For example, the more precisely you measure the momentum of a particle the less precise your measurement of its position.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/interesting-and-weird-physical-ideas-2699073
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_436341620#1_983279042
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Title: Is Consciousness Related to Quantum Physics?
Headings: Can Quantum Physics Be Used to Explain the Existence of Consciousness?
Can Quantum Physics Be Used to Explain the Existence of Consciousness?
The answer involves determinism: the theory that humans have free will
Consciousness and Quantum Physics
The Implicate Order
The Human Brain
Quantum Indeterminacy
The Double-Slit Experiment
Content: our editorial process
Andrew Zimmerman Jones
Updated June 11, 2019
Trying to explain where subjective experiences come from would seem to have little to do with physics. Some scientists, however, have speculated that perhaps the deepest levels of theoretical physics contain the insights needed to illuminate this question by suggesting that quantum physics can be used to explain the very existence of consciousness. Consciousness and Quantum Physics
One of the first ways that consciousness and quantum physics come together is through the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum physics. In this theory, the quantum wave function collapses due to a conscious observer making a measurement of a physical system. This is the interpretation of quantum physics that sparked the Schroedinger's cat thought experiment, demonstrating some level of the absurdity of this way of thinking, except that it does completely match the evidence of what scientists observe at the quantum level. One extreme version of the Copenhagen interpretation was proposed by John Archibald Wheeler and is called the participatory anthropic principle, which says that the entire universe collapsed into the state we see specifically because there had to be conscious observers present to cause the collapse. Any possible universes that do not contain conscious observers is automatically ruled out. The Implicate Order
Physicist David Bohm argued that since both quantum physics and relativity were incomplete theories, they must point at a deeper theory. He believed that this theory would be a quantum field theory that represented an undivided wholeness in the universe. He used the term "implicate order" to express what he thought this fundamental level of reality must be like, and believed that what we are seeing are broken reflections of that fundamentally ordered reality.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/is-consciousness-related-to-quantum-physics-2698801
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_436341620#5_983287920
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Title: Is Consciousness Related to Quantum Physics?
Headings: Can Quantum Physics Be Used to Explain the Existence of Consciousness?
Can Quantum Physics Be Used to Explain the Existence of Consciousness?
The answer involves determinism: the theory that humans have free will
Consciousness and Quantum Physics
The Implicate Order
The Human Brain
Quantum Indeterminacy
The Double-Slit Experiment
Content: However, Penrose argues that such Turing machines (and thus any computer) have certain limitations which he doesn't believe the brain necessarily has. Quantum Indeterminacy
Some proponents of quantum consciousness have put forth the idea that quantum indeterminacy—the fact that a quantum system can never predict an outcome with certainty, but only as a probability from among the various possible states—would mean that quantum consciousness resolves the problem of whether or not humans actually have free will. So the argument goes, if human consciousness is governed by quantum physical processes, then it is not deterministic, and humans, therefore, have free will. There are a number of problems with this, which are summed up by neuroscientist Sam Harris in his short book "Free Will," where he stated: "If determinism is true, the future is set—and this includes all our future states of mind and our subsequent behavior. And to the extent that the law of cause and effect is subject to indeterminism—quantum or otherwise—we can take no credit for what happens. There is no combination of these truths that seems compatible with the popular notion of free will. The Double-Slit Experiment
One of the best-known cases of quantum indeterminacy is the quantum double slit experiment, in which quantum theory says that there is no way to predict with certainty which slit a given particle is going to go through unless someone actually makes an observation of it going through the slit. However, there is nothing about this choice of making this measurement which determines which slit the particle will go through. In the basic configuration of this experiment, there is a 50 percent chance the particle will go through either slit, and if someone is observing the slits, then the experimental results will match that distribution randomly.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/is-consciousness-related-to-quantum-physics-2698801
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_436341620#6_983290405
|
Title: Is Consciousness Related to Quantum Physics?
Headings: Can Quantum Physics Be Used to Explain the Existence of Consciousness?
Can Quantum Physics Be Used to Explain the Existence of Consciousness?
The answer involves determinism: the theory that humans have free will
Consciousness and Quantum Physics
The Implicate Order
The Human Brain
Quantum Indeterminacy
The Double-Slit Experiment
Content: And to the extent that the law of cause and effect is subject to indeterminism—quantum or otherwise—we can take no credit for what happens. There is no combination of these truths that seems compatible with the popular notion of free will. The Double-Slit Experiment
One of the best-known cases of quantum indeterminacy is the quantum double slit experiment, in which quantum theory says that there is no way to predict with certainty which slit a given particle is going to go through unless someone actually makes an observation of it going through the slit. However, there is nothing about this choice of making this measurement which determines which slit the particle will go through. In the basic configuration of this experiment, there is a 50 percent chance the particle will go through either slit, and if someone is observing the slits, then the experimental results will match that distribution randomly. The place in this situation where humans do appear to have some sort of choice is that a person can choose whether she is going to make the observation. If she does not, then the particle does not go through a specific slit: It instead goes through both slits. But that's not the part of the situation that philosophers and pro-free will advocates invoke when they're talking about quantum indeterminacy because that is really an option between doing nothing and doing one of two deterministic outcomes. Cite this Article
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Your Citation
Jones, Andrew Zimmerman. "
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https://www.thoughtco.com/is-consciousness-related-to-quantum-physics-2698801
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_436658486#5_984053368
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Title: Real School Issues That Negatively Impact Learning
Headings: School Issues That Negatively Impact Student Learning
School Issues That Negatively Impact Student Learning
Bad Teachers
Discipline Issues
Lack of Funding
Lack of Student Motivation
Over Mandating
Poor Attendance
Poor Parental Support
Poverty
Shift in Instructional Focus
Watch Now: How to Make a Classroom Management Plan
Content: Administrators must use the evaluation system to make informed decisions when retaining teachers year after year. They cannot be afraid to put in the necessary work required to dismiss a bad teacher who will damage students in the district. Discipline Issues
Discipline issues cause distractions, and distractions add up and limit learning time. Every time a teacher has to handle a discipline issue, they lose valuable instructional time. In addition, each time a student is sent to the office on a discipline referral, that student loses valuable instructional time. Any discipline issue will result in the loss of instructional time, which limits a student’s learning potential. Teachers and administrators must be able to minimize these disruptions. Teachers can do this by providing a structured learning environment and engaging students in exciting, dynamic lessons that captivate them and keep them from being bored. Administrators must create well-written policies that hold students accountable. They should educate parents and students on these policies.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/issues-that-negatively-impacts-student-learning-3194421
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_438860736#2_989916335
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Title: Issues and Controversies Journalists Face
Headings: Issues and Controversies Journalists Face
Issues and Controversies Journalists Face
Print Journalism in Peril
The Rise of Web Journalism
Press Freedoms and Reporters' Rights
Bias, Balance, and an Objective Press
Content: So what does the future hold? While some people will argue that newspapers are dead or dying, many traditional outlets are indeed adapting to the new digital world. Most offer all of their content online, either via paid subscriptions or for free. This is also true for TV and radio media outlets. Though it seemed at first as if modern technology would win out over tradition, the tide seems to be finding a balance. For example, local papers are discovering new ways to localize a story to attract readers interested in a smaller piece of the bigger picture. The Rise of Web Journalism
With the decline of newspapers, web journalism seems to be the future of the news business. But what exactly do we mean by web journalism? And can it really replace newspapers? In general terms, web journalism includes bloggers, citizen journalists, hyper-local news sites, and even websites for print papers.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/journalism-issues-4140416
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_438860736#3_989917691
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Title: Issues and Controversies Journalists Face
Headings: Issues and Controversies Journalists Face
Issues and Controversies Journalists Face
Print Journalism in Peril
The Rise of Web Journalism
Press Freedoms and Reporters' Rights
Bias, Balance, and an Objective Press
Content: For example, local papers are discovering new ways to localize a story to attract readers interested in a smaller piece of the bigger picture. The Rise of Web Journalism
With the decline of newspapers, web journalism seems to be the future of the news business. But what exactly do we mean by web journalism? And can it really replace newspapers? In general terms, web journalism includes bloggers, citizen journalists, hyper-local news sites, and even websites for print papers. The internet certainly opened up the world for more people to write whatever they want, but that doesn't mean all of these sources have the same credibility. Bloggers, for instance, tend to focus on a niche topic, as do citizen journalists. Because some of these writers do not have training in or necessarily care about the ethics of journalism, their personal bias can come across in what they write. This is not what we consider "journalism" per se. Journalists are concerned with the facts, getting to the heart of the story, and have their own on-the-job lingo.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/journalism-issues-4140416
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_438994938#1_990219201
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Title: A Character Profile of Romeo's Juliet
Headings: A Character Profile of Juliet From 'Romeo and Juliet'
A Character Profile of Juliet From 'Romeo and Juliet'
How Life Changes for Juliet Capulet
Juliet: A Strong Female Character
Juliet's Quotes of Character
Content: Before meeting Romeo, Juliet had thought little about love and marriage. Her parents, on the other hand, are keen to marry her to a rich and well-connected husband; they have chosen Count Paris, who has expressed interest in Juliet, as their daughter's future husband. Whether or not Juliet is interested herself is not a concern to anyone but her. How Life Changes for Juliet Capulet
Like many women in Shakespeare's plays, Juliet has very little freedom and is disconnected from the outside world, and she doesn't fight back against it. That begins to change, however, when fate brings her to Romeo. She instantly falls in love with him, despite his being the son of her family’s enemy, Lord Montague: “ My only love sprung from my only hate,” she exclaims. This sparks a growth in maturity for Juliet. Now, she is not only willing to defy her family, but she is also prepared to abandon them in order to be with Romeo.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/juliet-a-character-profile-2985038
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_438994938#2_990220601
|
Title: A Character Profile of Romeo's Juliet
Headings: A Character Profile of Juliet From 'Romeo and Juliet'
A Character Profile of Juliet From 'Romeo and Juliet'
How Life Changes for Juliet Capulet
Juliet: A Strong Female Character
Juliet's Quotes of Character
Content: That begins to change, however, when fate brings her to Romeo. She instantly falls in love with him, despite his being the son of her family’s enemy, Lord Montague: “ My only love sprung from my only hate,” she exclaims. This sparks a growth in maturity for Juliet. Now, she is not only willing to defy her family, but she is also prepared to abandon them in order to be with Romeo. Juliet: A Strong Female Character
Juliet Capulet appears to be a shy and innocent girl at the beginning of the play, but the depth of her character shows as she meets Romeo, defies her father, marries Romeo, and ultimately commits suicide. While appearing quiet and obedient, Juliet displays inner strength, intelligence, bravery, wit, and independence. It is, in fact, Juliet who asks Romeo to marry her. Juliet continues to dispel the notion of shyness in scenes where she speaks just as much as Romeo and with the same degree of confidence.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/juliet-a-character-profile-2985038
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_440393172#5_993651274
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Title: The Role of Geography in Land-Use Planning
Headings: An Overview of Land-Use Planning
An Overview of Land-Use Planning
Steps Before Planning and Development Can Occur
Regulations of Use of Private Land
Components of Planning Urban Areas
Zoning Ordinances
Content: Communities cut off from urban centers by railroads, interstates or natural boundaries have difficulty in accessing employment. When planning for development and the use of land, special attention must be given to lower-income housing projects. Mixing housing for various income levels provides increased educational and opportunities for lower-income families. To facilitate the implementation of a master plan, zoning ordinances and special regulations are imposed on real-estate developers. Zoning Ordinances
There are two essential parts to a zoning ordinance: Detailed maps showing land area, boundaries and the zone under which the land is categorized. Text describing in full detail each zone's regulations. Zoning is used to permit some types of construction and prohibit others. In some areas, residential construction may be limited to a specific type of structure. Downtown areas may be a mixed-use of residential and commercial activity.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/land-use-planning-1435786
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_440393172#7_993654022
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Title: The Role of Geography in Land-Use Planning
Headings: An Overview of Land-Use Planning
An Overview of Land-Use Planning
Steps Before Planning and Development Can Occur
Regulations of Use of Private Land
Components of Planning Urban Areas
Zoning Ordinances
Content: Manufacturing centers will be zoned for construction close to the interstate. Some areas may be prohibited for development as a means of conserving green space or access to water. There may also be districts where only the historical aesthetic is allowed. Challenges are faced in the zoning process, as cities desire to eliminate blighted areas of zero growth while maintaining a diversity of interests in a geographic area. The importance of mixed-use zoning is becoming increasingly apparent in major urban areas. By allowing developers to build residential units above businesses, land use is maximized by creating a round-the-clock hub of activity. Another challenge faced by planners is the issue of socio-economic segregation. Some subdivisions strive to maintain a certain financial status by regulating the scope of housing developments. Doing this ensures that home values in the subdivision will remain above a certain level, alienating the poorer members of the community. Adam Sowder is a fourth-year senior at Virginia Commonwealth University.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/land-use-planning-1435786
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_442332389#2_998505664
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Title: List of Campaign Songs Used by Presidential Candidates
Headings: The Best and Worst Campaign Songs By Presidential Candidate
The Best and Worst Campaign Songs By Presidential Candidate
Theme Music from the Modern Day Campaign Trail
We the People by The Staple Singers
We're Not Gonna Take It, by Twisted Sister
Believer, by American Authors
Don't Stop, by Fleetwood Mac
Born Free, by Kid Rock
I Won't Back Down, by Tom Petty
Barracuda, by Heart
Crazy, by Patsy Cline
We Take Care of Our Own, by Bruce Springsteen
This Land Is Your Land, by Woody Guthrie
Fortunate Son, by Creedence Clearwater Revival
Dole Man, by Sam and Dave
America, by Neil Diamond
Content: Mark Weiss / Getty Images
Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, whose 2016 campaign was propelled by voters who were angry with establishment politicians and the ruling political class, used an appropriately angry campaign song: " We're Not Gonna Take It." The heavy-metal song was written and performed by the 1980s hair band Twisted Sister. The lyrics tapped into the anger felt by many of Trump's supporters: We'll fight the powers that be,
Just don't pick our destiny,
'Cause you don't know us,
You don't belong. We're not gonna take it,
No, we ain't gonna take it,
We're not gonna take it anymore. Trump won the presidency with the help of disaffected working-class white voters who fled the Democratic Party because of Trump's promise to renegotiate trade deals with countries including China and levy stiff tariffs on goods imported from these countries. Trump's position on trade was seen as a way to stop companies from shipping jobs overseas, though many economists pointed out taxing imports would drive up costs to American consumers first. Believer, by American Authors
Democratic presidential hopeful Hillary Clinton used the American Authors song "Believers" on the campaing trail in 2016. Bryan Bedder / Getty Images
Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, whose campaign was more positive and uplifting than Trump's, released a Spotify playlist for her rallies in 2016.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/list-of-presidential-campaign-songs-3367523
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_442332389#3_998507953
|
Title: List of Campaign Songs Used by Presidential Candidates
Headings: The Best and Worst Campaign Songs By Presidential Candidate
The Best and Worst Campaign Songs By Presidential Candidate
Theme Music from the Modern Day Campaign Trail
We the People by The Staple Singers
We're Not Gonna Take It, by Twisted Sister
Believer, by American Authors
Don't Stop, by Fleetwood Mac
Born Free, by Kid Rock
I Won't Back Down, by Tom Petty
Barracuda, by Heart
Crazy, by Patsy Cline
We Take Care of Our Own, by Bruce Springsteen
This Land Is Your Land, by Woody Guthrie
Fortunate Son, by Creedence Clearwater Revival
Dole Man, by Sam and Dave
America, by Neil Diamond
Content: We're not gonna take it,
No, we ain't gonna take it,
We're not gonna take it anymore. Trump won the presidency with the help of disaffected working-class white voters who fled the Democratic Party because of Trump's promise to renegotiate trade deals with countries including China and levy stiff tariffs on goods imported from these countries. Trump's position on trade was seen as a way to stop companies from shipping jobs overseas, though many economists pointed out taxing imports would drive up costs to American consumers first. Believer, by American Authors
Democratic presidential hopeful Hillary Clinton used the American Authors song "Believers" on the campaing trail in 2016. Bryan Bedder / Getty Images
Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, whose campaign was more positive and uplifting than Trump's, released a Spotify playlist for her rallies in 2016. Many of the songs reflected the tone of her 2016 presidential campaign, including the first one on the list, "Believer," by American Authors. The lyrics include: I’m just a believer
That things will get better,
Some can take it or leave it
But I don’t wanna let it go. Don't Stop, by Fleetwood Mac
Lindsey Buckingham of Fleetwood Mac performs in Anaheim, Calif., in 2009. Kevin Winter / Getty Images
Former Arkansas Gov. Bill Clinton adopted the 1977 Fleetwood Mac hit "Don't Stop" for his successful campaign for president in 1992.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/list-of-presidential-campaign-songs-3367523
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_445512000#0_1006316842
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Title: The Marshall Plan
Headings: The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan
A Post-WWII Economic-Aid Program
Europe: Immediate Post-War Period
Appointment of George Marshall
The Creation of the Marshall Plan
Participating Nations
Legacy of the Marshall Plan
Content: The Marshall Plan
Humanities › History & Culture
The Marshall Plan
A Post-WWII Economic-Aid Program
US President Harry Truman (left) shakes hands with Secretary of State George Marshall (right), 1947. Hulton Archive / Getty Images
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By
Jennifer Goss is a Holocaust historian and history educator. She serves as a consultant for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the USC Shoah Foundation. our editorial process
Jennifer L. Goss
Updated January 23, 2020
Initially announced in 1947, the Marshall Plan was a U.S.-sponsored economic-aid program to help Western European countries recover following World War II. Officially named the European Recovery Program (ERP), it soon became known as the Marshall Plan for its creator, Secretary of State George C. Marshall. The beginnings of the plan were announced on June 5, 1947, during a speech by Marshall at Harvard University, but it wasn’t until April 3, 1948, that it was signed into law. The Marshall Plan provided an estimated $13 billion in aid to 17 countries over a four-year period. Ultimately, however, the Marshall Plan was replaced by the Mutual Security Plan at the end of 1951. Europe: Immediate Post-War Period
The six years of World War II took a heavy toll on Europe, devastating both the landscape and the infrastructure.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/marshall-plan-economic-aid-1779313
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_445512000#2_1006320551
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Title: The Marshall Plan
Headings: The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan
A Post-WWII Economic-Aid Program
Europe: Immediate Post-War Period
Appointment of George Marshall
The Creation of the Marshall Plan
Participating Nations
Legacy of the Marshall Plan
Content: Farms and towns were destroyed, industries bombed, and millions of civilians either killed or maimed. The damage was severe and most countries didn’t have enough resources to help even their own people. The United States, on the other hand, was different. Because of its location a continent away, the United States was the only country that did not suffer major devastation during the war and thus it was to the U.S. that Europe looked for help. From the end of the war in 1945 until the beginning of the Marshall Plan, the U.S. provided $14 million in loans. Then, when Britain announced that it could not continue to support the battle against communism in Greece and Turkey, the United States stepped in to provide military support to those two countries. This was one of the first actions of containment outlined in the Truman Doctrine . However, recovery in Europe was progressing much slower than initially expected by the world community. European countries compose a significant segment of the world economy; therefore, it was feared that the slow recovery would have a ripple effect on the international community.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/marshall-plan-economic-aid-1779313
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_445512000#5_1006325786
|
Title: The Marshall Plan
Headings: The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan
A Post-WWII Economic-Aid Program
Europe: Immediate Post-War Period
Appointment of George Marshall
The Creation of the Marshall Plan
Participating Nations
Legacy of the Marshall Plan
Content: One of the first challenges Marshall faced in office was a series of discussions with the Soviet Union regarding the economic restoration of Germany. Marshall could not reach a consensus with the Soviets regarding the best approach and negotiations stalled after six weeks. As a result of these failed efforts, Marshall elected to proceed with a wider European reconstruction plan. The Creation of the Marshall Plan
Marshall called upon two State Department officials, George Kennan and William Clayton, to assist with the construction of the plan. Kennan was known for his idea of containment, a central component of the Truman Doctrine. Clayton was a businessman and government official who focused on European economic issues; he helped lend specific economic insight into the plan’s development. The Marshall Plan was crafted to provide specific economic aid to European countries to revitalize their economies by focusing on the creation of modern post-war industries and the expansion of their international trade opportunities. Additionally, countries used the funds to purchase manufacturing and revitalization supplies from American companies; therefore fueling the American post-war economy in the process.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/marshall-plan-economic-aid-1779313
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_445512000#6_1006327460
|
Title: The Marshall Plan
Headings: The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan
A Post-WWII Economic-Aid Program
Europe: Immediate Post-War Period
Appointment of George Marshall
The Creation of the Marshall Plan
Participating Nations
Legacy of the Marshall Plan
Content: Clayton was a businessman and government official who focused on European economic issues; he helped lend specific economic insight into the plan’s development. The Marshall Plan was crafted to provide specific economic aid to European countries to revitalize their economies by focusing on the creation of modern post-war industries and the expansion of their international trade opportunities. Additionally, countries used the funds to purchase manufacturing and revitalization supplies from American companies; therefore fueling the American post-war economy in the process. The initial announcement of the Marshall Plan occurred on June 5, 1947, during a speech Marshall made at Harvard University; however, it did not become official until it was signed into law by Truman ten months later. The legislation was titled the Economic Cooperation Act and the aid program was called the Economic Recovery Program. Participating Nations
Although the Soviet Union was not excluded from participating in the Marshall Plan, the Soviets and their allies were unwilling to meet the terms established by the Plan. Ultimately, 17 countries would benefit from the Marshall Plan.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/marshall-plan-economic-aid-1779313
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_445512000#10_1006334649
|
Title: The Marshall Plan
Headings: The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan
A Post-WWII Economic-Aid Program
Europe: Immediate Post-War Period
Appointment of George Marshall
The Creation of the Marshall Plan
Participating Nations
Legacy of the Marshall Plan
Content: Today, the Marshall Plan is widely viewed as a success. The economy of Western Europe rebounded significantly during its administration, which also helped to foster economic stability within the United States. The Marshall Plan also helped the United States prevent the further spread of communism within Western Europe by restoring the economy in that area. Concepts of the Marshall Plan also laid the foundation for future economic aid programs administered by the United States and some of the economic ideals that exist within the present European Union. George Marshall was awarded the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in creating the Marshall Plan. Cite this Article
Format
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Your Citation
Goss, Jennifer L. "The Marshall Plan." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/marshall-plan-economic-aid-1779313. Goss, Jennifer L. (2020, August 28). The Marshall Plan. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/marshall-plan-economic-aid-1779313 Goss, Jennifer L. "The Marshall Plan."
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https://www.thoughtco.com/marshall-plan-economic-aid-1779313
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_447632341#2_1011481811
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Title: Mexican Independence History: The Siege of Guanajuato
Headings: Mexican Independence: The Siege of Guanajuato
Mexican Independence: The Siege of Guanajuato
Father Hidalgo's Rebel Army
The Granary of Granaditas
The Siege of Guanajuato
Death of Riaño and the White Flag
Pipila, Unlikely Hero
Massacre and Pillage
Aftermath and Legacy of the Siege of Guanajuato
Sources
Content: As they passed through Celaya, the local regiment, composed mostly of Creole officers and soldiers, switched sides and joined the rebels. Neither Allende, who had a military background nor Hidalgo could completely control the angry mob that followed them. The rebel “army” that descended upon Guanajuato on September 28 was a seething mass of anger, vengeance, and greed, numbering anywhere from 20,000 to 50,000 according to eyewitness accounts. The Granary of Granaditas
The intendant of Guanajuato, Juan Antonio Riaño, was an old personal friend of Hidalgo. Hidalgo even sent his old friend a letter, offering to protect his family. Riaño and the royalist forces in Guanajuato decided to fight. They chose the large, fortress-like public granary ( Alhóndiga de Granaditas) to make their stand: all of the Spaniards moved their families and wealth inside and fortified the building as best they could. Riaño was confident: he believed that the rabble marching on Guanajuato would be quickly dispersed by organized resistance.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/mexican-independence-the-siege-of-guanajuato-2136415
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_447697830#10_1011665984
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Title: The Wars of Mexico Throughout History
Headings: The Wars of Mexico
The Wars of Mexico
The History Mexican Conflicts From the Aztecs to the 20th Century
The Rise of the Aztecs
The Conquest (1519—1522)
Independence from Spain (1810—1821)
The Loss of Texas (1835—1836)
The Pastry War (1838—1839)
The Mexican-American War (1846—1848)
The Reform War (1857—1860)
The French Intervention (1861—1867)
The Mexican Revolution (1910—1920)
The Cristero War (1926—1929)
World War Two (1939—1945)
Content: 09
of 11
The Mexican Revolution (1910—1920)
Dominio público/Wikimedia Commons
Mexico achieved a level of peace and stability under the iron fist of dictator Porfirio Diaz, who ruled from 1876 to 1911. While the economy boomed, the poorest Mexicans did not benefit. This caused a simmering resentment that eventually exploded into the Mexican Revolution in 1910. Initially, the new president, Francisco Madero, was able to maintain order, but after he was ousted from power and executed in 1913, the country descended into utter chaos as ruthless warlords like Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought amongst themselves for control. After Obregon eventually "won" the conflict, stability was restored—but by then, millions were dead or displaced, the economy was in ruins, and Mexico's development had been set back 40 years. 10
of 11
The Cristero War (1926—1929)
Alvaro Obregon. Bettmann/Getty Images
In 1926, Mexicans (who had apparently forgotten about the disastrous Reform War of 1857) once again went to war over religion. During the turmoil of the Mexican Revolution, a new constitution had been adopted in 1917. It allowed for freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and secular education. Ardent Catholics had bided their time, but by 1926, it had become evident that these provisions were not likely to be rescinded and fighting began breaking out.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/mexicos-wars-2136681
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_447697830#11_1011668133
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Title: The Wars of Mexico Throughout History
Headings: The Wars of Mexico
The Wars of Mexico
The History Mexican Conflicts From the Aztecs to the 20th Century
The Rise of the Aztecs
The Conquest (1519—1522)
Independence from Spain (1810—1821)
The Loss of Texas (1835—1836)
The Pastry War (1838—1839)
The Mexican-American War (1846—1848)
The Reform War (1857—1860)
The French Intervention (1861—1867)
The Mexican Revolution (1910—1920)
The Cristero War (1926—1929)
World War Two (1939—1945)
Content: 10
of 11
The Cristero War (1926—1929)
Alvaro Obregon. Bettmann/Getty Images
In 1926, Mexicans (who had apparently forgotten about the disastrous Reform War of 1857) once again went to war over religion. During the turmoil of the Mexican Revolution, a new constitution had been adopted in 1917. It allowed for freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and secular education. Ardent Catholics had bided their time, but by 1926, it had become evident that these provisions were not likely to be rescinded and fighting began breaking out. The rebels called themselves “Cristeros” because they were fighting for Christ. In 1929, an agreement was reached with the help of foreign diplomats. While the laws stayed on the books, certain provisions would go unenforced. 11
of 11
World War Two (1939—1945)
Hulton Deutsch/Getty Images
Mexico tried to remain neutral at the onset of World War Two, but soon faced pressure from both sides. Eventually, deciding to join the allied forces, Mexico closed its ports to German ships.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/mexicos-wars-2136681
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448150776#3_1012814341
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Title: Miranda v Arizona: Supreme Court Case
Headings: Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda v. Arizona
Fast Facts: Miranda v. Arizona
Facts of Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court Decision
The Significance of Miranda v. Arizona
Interesting Facts
Sources
Content: Justices Warren, Black, Douglas, Brennan, Fortas
Dissenting: Justices Harlan, Stewart, White, Clark
Ruling: The Supreme Court ruled that a defendant's statements to authorities are inadmissible in court unless he has been informed of his right to have an attorney present during questioning and an understanding that anything he says will be held against him in a court of law. Facts of Miranda v. Arizona
On March 2, 1963, Patricia McGee (not her real name) was kidnapped and raped while walking home after work in Phoenix, Arizona. She accused Ernesto Miranda of the crime after picking him out of a lineup. He was arrested and taken to an interrogation room where after three hours he signed a written confession to the crimes. The paper on which he wrote his confession stated that the information was given voluntarily and that he understood his rights. However, no specific rights were listed on the paper. Miranda was found guilty in an Arizona court based largely on the written confession. He was sentenced to 20 to 30 years for both crimes to be served concurrently.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/miranda-rights-and-warning-972920
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448150776#7_1012821216
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Title: Miranda v Arizona: Supreme Court Case
Headings: Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda v. Arizona
Fast Facts: Miranda v. Arizona
Facts of Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court Decision
The Significance of Miranda v. Arizona
Interesting Facts
Sources
Content: He was retried for the crimes of rape and kidnapping without the written evidence and found guilty a second time. The Significance of Miranda v. Arizona
The Supreme Court decision in Mapp v. Ohio was quite controversial. Opponents argued that advising criminals of their rights would hamper police investigations and cause more criminals to walk free. In fact, Congress passed a law in 1968 that provided the ability for courts to examine confessions on a case-by-case basis to decide whether they should be allowed. The main result of Miranda v. Arizona was the creation of the " Miranda Rights ." These were listed in the majority opinion written by Chief Justice Earl Warren : " [A suspect] must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that he has the right to the presence of an attorney, and that if he cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires." Interesting Facts
Ernesto Miranda was released from prison after serving only eight years of his sentence. Miranda was convicted a second time based on the testimony of his common-law wife to whom he confessed the crimes. He had told her that he would be willing to marry Patricia McGee if she would drop the charges against him.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/miranda-rights-and-warning-972920
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448150776#8_1012822997
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Title: Miranda v Arizona: Supreme Court Case
Headings: Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda v. Arizona
Fast Facts: Miranda v. Arizona
Facts of Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court Decision
The Significance of Miranda v. Arizona
Interesting Facts
Sources
Content: These were listed in the majority opinion written by Chief Justice Earl Warren : " [A suspect] must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that he has the right to the presence of an attorney, and that if he cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires." Interesting Facts
Ernesto Miranda was released from prison after serving only eight years of his sentence. Miranda was convicted a second time based on the testimony of his common-law wife to whom he confessed the crimes. He had told her that he would be willing to marry Patricia McGee if she would drop the charges against him. Miranda would later sell autographed cards bearing the "Miranda Rights" for $1.50 each. Miranda died from a knife wound in a barroom fight. The person who was arrested for his killing was read the " Miranda Rights ." Sources
Miranda v. Arizona. oyez.org.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/miranda-rights-and-warning-972920
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448163811#1_1012843962
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Title: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Headings: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Why the Police Have to 'Read Him His Rights'
How We Got Our Miranda Rights
Then the Courts Stepped In
1. You have the right to remain silent
2. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law
3. You have the right to have an attorney present now and during any future questioning
4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you free of charge if you wish
But -- You can be arrested without being read your Miranda Rights
Miranda Exemptions for Undercover Police
An Ironic Ending for Ernesto Miranda
Content: From TV, you know this is not good. You know that you have been taken into police custody and are about to be informed of your "Miranda Rights" prior to being questioned. Fine, but what are these rights, and what did "Miranda" do to get them for you? How We Got Our Miranda Rights
On March 13, 1963, $8.00 in cash was stolen from a Phoenix, Arizona bank worker. Police suspected and arrested Ernesto Miranda for committing the theft. During two-hours of questioning, Mr. Miranda, who was never offered a lawyer, confessed not only to the $8.00 theft, but also to kidnapping and raping an 18-year-old woman 11 days earlier. Based largely on his confession, Miranda was convicted and sentenced to twenty years in jail. Then the Courts Stepped In
Miranda's attorneys appealed. First unsuccessfully to the Arizona Supreme Court, and next to the U.S. Supreme Court. On June 13, 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court, in deciding the case of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), reversed the Arizona Court's decision, granted Miranda a new trial at which his confession could not be admitted as evidence, and established the "Miranda" rights of persons accused of crimes.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/miranda-rights-your-rights-of-silence-3320117
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448163811#2_1012846005
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Title: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Headings: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Why the Police Have to 'Read Him His Rights'
How We Got Our Miranda Rights
Then the Courts Stepped In
1. You have the right to remain silent
2. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law
3. You have the right to have an attorney present now and during any future questioning
4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you free of charge if you wish
But -- You can be arrested without being read your Miranda Rights
Miranda Exemptions for Undercover Police
An Ironic Ending for Ernesto Miranda
Content: During two-hours of questioning, Mr. Miranda, who was never offered a lawyer, confessed not only to the $8.00 theft, but also to kidnapping and raping an 18-year-old woman 11 days earlier. Based largely on his confession, Miranda was convicted and sentenced to twenty years in jail. Then the Courts Stepped In
Miranda's attorneys appealed. First unsuccessfully to the Arizona Supreme Court, and next to the U.S. Supreme Court. On June 13, 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court, in deciding the case of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), reversed the Arizona Court's decision, granted Miranda a new trial at which his confession could not be admitted as evidence, and established the "Miranda" rights of persons accused of crimes. Keep reading, because the story of Ernesto Miranda has a most ironic ending. Two earlier cases involving police activity and the rights of individuals clearly influenced the Supreme Court in the Miranda decision: Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Looking for someone else, Cleveland, Ohio Police entered Dollie Mapp's home. Police did not find their suspect, but arrested Ms. Mapp for possessing obscene literature.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/miranda-rights-your-rights-of-silence-3320117
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448163811#3_1012848013
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Title: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Headings: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Why the Police Have to 'Read Him His Rights'
How We Got Our Miranda Rights
Then the Courts Stepped In
1. You have the right to remain silent
2. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law
3. You have the right to have an attorney present now and during any future questioning
4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you free of charge if you wish
But -- You can be arrested without being read your Miranda Rights
Miranda Exemptions for Undercover Police
An Ironic Ending for Ernesto Miranda
Content: Keep reading, because the story of Ernesto Miranda has a most ironic ending. Two earlier cases involving police activity and the rights of individuals clearly influenced the Supreme Court in the Miranda decision: Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Looking for someone else, Cleveland, Ohio Police entered Dollie Mapp's home. Police did not find their suspect, but arrested Ms. Mapp for possessing obscene literature. Without a warrant to search for the literature, Ms. Mapp's conviction was thrown out. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964): After confessing to a murder during questioning, Danny Escobedo changed his mind and informed police that he wanted to talk to a lawyer. When police documents were produced showing that officers had been trained to ignore the rights of suspects during questioning, the Supreme Court ruled that Escobedo's confession could not be used as evidence. The exact wording of the "Miranda Rights" statement is not specified in the Supreme Court's historic decision.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/miranda-rights-your-rights-of-silence-3320117
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448163811#10_1012863038
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Title: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Headings: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Why the Police Have to 'Read Him His Rights'
How We Got Our Miranda Rights
Then the Courts Stepped In
1. You have the right to remain silent
2. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law
3. You have the right to have an attorney present now and during any future questioning
4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you free of charge if you wish
But -- You can be arrested without being read your Miranda Rights
Miranda Exemptions for Undercover Police
An Ironic Ending for Ernesto Miranda
Content: Miranda Exemptions for Undercover Police
In some cases, police officers operating undercover are not required to observe suspects’ Miranda rights. In 1990, the U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Illinois v. Perkins, ruled 8-1 that undercover officers do not have to give suspects a Miranda warning before asking questions that may cause them to incriminate themselves. The case involved an undercover agent posing as a prison inmate who carried on a 35-minute “conversation” with another inmate (Perkins) who was suspected of committing a murder that was still actively being investigated. During the conversation, Perkins implicated himself in the murder. Based on his conversation with the undercover officer, Perkins was charged with murder. The trial court ruled that Perkins’ statements were not admissible as evidence against him because he had not been given his Miranda warnings. The Appellate Court of Illinois agreed with the trial court, finding that Miranda prohibits all undercover police officers from speaking with incarcerated suspects who are “reasonably likely” to make incriminating statements. However, the U.S. Supreme Court overruled the appeals court despite the government’s admission that Perkins had been interrogated by a government agent. “ In such circumstances,” wrote the Supreme Court, “Miranda does not forbid mere strategic deception by taking advantage of a suspect's misplaced trust.” An Ironic Ending for Ernesto Miranda
Ernesto Miranda was given a second trial at which his confession was not presented.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/miranda-rights-your-rights-of-silence-3320117
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448163811#11_1012865513
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Title: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Headings: Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Miranda Rights: Your Rights of Silence
Why the Police Have to 'Read Him His Rights'
How We Got Our Miranda Rights
Then the Courts Stepped In
1. You have the right to remain silent
2. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law
3. You have the right to have an attorney present now and during any future questioning
4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you free of charge if you wish
But -- You can be arrested without being read your Miranda Rights
Miranda Exemptions for Undercover Police
An Ironic Ending for Ernesto Miranda
Content: The trial court ruled that Perkins’ statements were not admissible as evidence against him because he had not been given his Miranda warnings. The Appellate Court of Illinois agreed with the trial court, finding that Miranda prohibits all undercover police officers from speaking with incarcerated suspects who are “reasonably likely” to make incriminating statements. However, the U.S. Supreme Court overruled the appeals court despite the government’s admission that Perkins had been interrogated by a government agent. “ In such circumstances,” wrote the Supreme Court, “Miranda does not forbid mere strategic deception by taking advantage of a suspect's misplaced trust.” An Ironic Ending for Ernesto Miranda
Ernesto Miranda was given a second trial at which his confession was not presented. Based on the evidence, Miranda was again convicted of kidnapping and rape. He was paroled from prison in 1972 having served 11 years. In 1976, Ernesto Miranda, age 34, was stabbed to death in a fight. Police arrested a suspect who, after choosing to exercise his Miranda rights of silence, was released. Cite this Article
Format
mla apa chicago
Your Citation
Longley, Robert. "
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https://www.thoughtco.com/miranda-rights-your-rights-of-silence-3320117
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448264250#6_1013114595
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Title: What to Do If You Make a Mistake While Voting
Headings: What to Do If You Make a Mistake While Voting
What to Do If You Make a Mistake While Voting
Get a Poll Worker to Help You
Correct Some Voting Errors Yourself
Common Mistakes
Absentee and Mail-In Voting Mistakes
Does Voting by Mail Increase Voter Turnout?
View Article Sources
Content: 4 And nearly 21% of Americans were expected to take advantage of current rules and vote absentee, or by mail, in the election, according to the Pew Research Center. 2
However, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) reported that more than 594,000 absentee ballots were rejected and not counted in the 2018 midterm congressional election. 5 Worse yet, says the EAC, the voters might never know their votes were not counted or why. And unlike mistakes made at the polling place, mistakes in mail-in voting can rarely if ever be corrected once the ballot has been mailed. According to the EAC, the main reason mail-in ballots are rejected is that they were not returned on time. 5 Other common voting mistakes include: 5
The signature on the ballot does not match the one on file
Forgetting to sign your ballot
Failing to obtain a witness signature
While all states provide some means of correcting mistakes on mail-in ballots—usually before they are mailed—the procedures for doing so vary from state-to-state and, sometimes, from county-to-county. Does Voting by Mail Increase Voter Turnout? Advocates of mail-in voting argue that it increases overall voter turnout and helps voters become better informed. While the argument of higher turnout seems logical, research conducted by the EAC reveals this is not always the case.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/mistake-while-voting-3322085
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_448264250#7_1013116508
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Title: What to Do If You Make a Mistake While Voting
Headings: What to Do If You Make a Mistake While Voting
What to Do If You Make a Mistake While Voting
Get a Poll Worker to Help You
Correct Some Voting Errors Yourself
Common Mistakes
Absentee and Mail-In Voting Mistakes
Does Voting by Mail Increase Voter Turnout?
View Article Sources
Content: 5 Other common voting mistakes include: 5
The signature on the ballot does not match the one on file
Forgetting to sign your ballot
Failing to obtain a witness signature
While all states provide some means of correcting mistakes on mail-in ballots—usually before they are mailed—the procedures for doing so vary from state-to-state and, sometimes, from county-to-county. Does Voting by Mail Increase Voter Turnout? Advocates of mail-in voting argue that it increases overall voter turnout and helps voters become better informed. While the argument of higher turnout seems logical, research conducted by the EAC reveals this is not always the case. Mail-in voting does not increase turnout in presidential and gubernatorial general elections. In fact, turnout in mail-in only ballot precincts can be as much as 2.6 to 2.9 percentage points lower compared to turnout at walk-in polling places. 6
Voters who cast mail-in ballots are more likely to skip lower-profile or down-ballot races. On the other hand, voting by mail tends to increase voter turnout in local special elections by an average of 7.6 percentage points. 7
According to the EAC, mail-in voting also results in lower election costs, reduced incidents of voter fraud, and fewer barriers to voting for disabled persons.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/mistake-while-voting-3322085
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_449639312#4_1016656311
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Title: Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence
Headings: Understanding Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence
Understanding Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence
We Contain Multitudes
Gardner's 8 Intelligence
Theory in Practice: Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom
Are There Limits to "Containing Multitudes"?
Content: Interpersonal learners learn through social interaction with others and enjoy group dynamics, collaboration, and encounters. Linguistic learners love language and words and enjoy learning through verbal expression. Logical-Mathematical learners think conceptually, logically, and mathematically about the world and enjoy exploring patterns and relationships. In the mid-1990s, Gardner added an eighth intelligence: Naturalistic learners have a sensitivity to the natural world and can easily relate to plant and animal life, enjoying patterns found in the environment. Theory in Practice: Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom
For many educators and parents working with learners who struggled in traditional classrooms, Gardner's theory came as a relief. While a learner's intelligence was previously questioned when he or she found it challenging to grasp concepts, the theory pushed educators to recognize that each student has myriad potential. Multiple intelligences served as a call to action to "differentiate" learning experiences in order to accommodate the multiple modalities in any given learning context. By modifying the content, process, and expectations for a final product, teachers and educators can reach learners who otherwise present as reluctant or incapable.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/multiple-intelligences-8089
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450332742#5_1018474843
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Title: Narwhal Animal Facts - Unicorn of the Sea
Headings: Facts About Narwhals, the Unicorns of the Sea
Facts About Narwhals, the Unicorns of the Sea
Unicorns Really Do Exist
Fast Facts: Narwhal
The Unicorn Horn
Description
Behavior
Lifespan and Conservation Status
References
Content: The narwhal's tusk is on its left side. Males have the "horn," but only 15% of females have one. The Unicorn Horn
A male narwhal has a single long tusk. The tusk is a hollow left-handed spiral helix that grows from the left side of the upper jaw and through the whale's lip. The tusk grows throughout the whale's life, reaching a length from 1.5 to 3.1 m (4.9 to 10.2 ft) and weight of approximately 10 kg (22 lb). About 1 in 500 males has two tusks, with the other tusk formed from the right canine tooth. Around 15% of females have a tusk. Female tusks are smaller than those of males and not as spiralized. There is one recorded case of a female having two tusks. Initially, scientists speculated the male tusk might be involved in male sparring behavior, but the current hypothesis is that tusks are rubbed together to communicate information about the ocean environment.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/narwhal-facts-4138308
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450332742#6_1018476186
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Title: Narwhal Animal Facts - Unicorn of the Sea
Headings: Facts About Narwhals, the Unicorns of the Sea
Facts About Narwhals, the Unicorns of the Sea
Unicorns Really Do Exist
Fast Facts: Narwhal
The Unicorn Horn
Description
Behavior
Lifespan and Conservation Status
References
Content: About 1 in 500 males has two tusks, with the other tusk formed from the right canine tooth. Around 15% of females have a tusk. Female tusks are smaller than those of males and not as spiralized. There is one recorded case of a female having two tusks. Initially, scientists speculated the male tusk might be involved in male sparring behavior, but the current hypothesis is that tusks are rubbed together to communicate information about the ocean environment. The tusk is rich with patent nerve endings, allowing the whale to perceive information about the seawater. The whale's other teeth are vestigial, making the whale essentially toothless. It is considered a toothed whale because it does not have baleen plates . Description
The narwhal and beluga are the "white whales". Both are medium-size, with a length from 3.9 to 5.5 m (13 to 18 ft), not counting the male's tusk.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/narwhal-facts-4138308
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450596981#10_1019103014
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Title: Natural Law: Definition and Application
Headings: Natural Law: Definition and Application
Natural Law: Definition and Application
Key Takeaways: Natural Law
What Is Natural Law?
Natural Law and Self Defense
Natural Rights vs. Human Rights
Natural Law in the US Legal System
Natural Law in the Foundations of American Justice
Natural Law in Practice: Hobby Lobby vs. Obamacare
Sources and Further Reference
Content: Hobby Lobby vs. Obamacare
Deeply rooted in the Bible, natural law theory often influences actual legal cases involving religion. An example can be found in the 2014 case of Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that for-profit companies are not legally obligated to provide employee health care insurance that covers expenses for services that go against their religious beliefs. Activists hold signs outside the Supreme Court March 25, 2014 in Washington, D.C. BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI / Getty Images
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 —better known as “Obamacare”—requires employer-provided group health care plans to cover certain types of preventative care, including FDA-approved contraceptive methods. This requirement conflicted with the religious beliefs of the Green family, owners of Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., a nationwide chain of arts and crafts stores. The Green family had organized Hobby Lobby around their Christian principles and had repeatedly stated their desire to operate the business according to Biblical doctrine, including the belief that any use of contraception is immoral. In 2012, the Greens sued the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, claiming that the Affordable Care Act’s requirement that employment-based group health care plans cover contraception violated the Free Exercise of Religion Clause of the First Amendment and the 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), that “ensures that interests in religious freedom are protected.” Under the Affordable Care Act, Hobby Lobby faced significant fines if its employee health care plan failed to pay for contraceptive services. In considering the case, the Supreme Court was asked to decide if the RFRA allowed closely held, for-profit companies to refuse to provide its employees with health insurance coverage for contraception based on the religious objections of the company’s owners. In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court held that by forcing religion-based companies to fund what they consider the immoral act of abortion, the Affordable Care Act placed an unconstitutionally “substantial burden” on those companies. The court further ruled that an existing provision in the Affordable Care Act exempting non-profit religious organizations from providing contraception coverage should also apply to for-profit corporations such as Hobby Lobby.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/natural-law-definition-4776056
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450596981#11_1019106068
|
Title: Natural Law: Definition and Application
Headings: Natural Law: Definition and Application
Natural Law: Definition and Application
Key Takeaways: Natural Law
What Is Natural Law?
Natural Law and Self Defense
Natural Rights vs. Human Rights
Natural Law in the US Legal System
Natural Law in the Foundations of American Justice
Natural Law in Practice: Hobby Lobby vs. Obamacare
Sources and Further Reference
Content: In 2012, the Greens sued the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, claiming that the Affordable Care Act’s requirement that employment-based group health care plans cover contraception violated the Free Exercise of Religion Clause of the First Amendment and the 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), that “ensures that interests in religious freedom are protected.” Under the Affordable Care Act, Hobby Lobby faced significant fines if its employee health care plan failed to pay for contraceptive services. In considering the case, the Supreme Court was asked to decide if the RFRA allowed closely held, for-profit companies to refuse to provide its employees with health insurance coverage for contraception based on the religious objections of the company’s owners. In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court held that by forcing religion-based companies to fund what they consider the immoral act of abortion, the Affordable Care Act placed an unconstitutionally “substantial burden” on those companies. The court further ruled that an existing provision in the Affordable Care Act exempting non-profit religious organizations from providing contraception coverage should also apply to for-profit corporations such as Hobby Lobby. The landmark Hobby Lobby decision marked the first time the Supreme Court had recognized and upheld a for-profit corporation’s natural law claim of protection based on a religious belief. Sources and Further Reference
“ Natural Law .” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
“ The Natural Law Tradition in Ethics .” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2002-2019)
“Hearing of the Senate Judiciary Committee on the Nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court. Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4 .”
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https://www.thoughtco.com/natural-law-definition-4776056
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450852256#0_1019762102
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Title: Nematoda: Free-living and Parasitic Roundworms
Headings: Nematoda: Roundworms
Nematoda: Roundworms
Nematoda: Types of Nematodes
Nematoda Anatomy
Free-living Nematodes
Parasitic Nematodes
Sources:
Content: Nematoda: Free-living and Parasitic Roundworms
Science, Tech, Math › Science
Nematoda: Roundworms
Science
Biology
Organisms
Basics
Cell Biology
Genetics
Anatomy
Physiology
Botany
Ecology
Chemistry
Physics
Geology
Astronomy
Weather & Climate
By
Regina Bailey
Biology Expert
B.A., Biology, Emory University
A.S., Nursing, Chattahoochee Technical College
Regina Bailey is a board-certified registered nurse, science writer and educator. Her work has been featured in "Kaplan AP Biology" and "The Internet for Cellular and Molecular Biologists." our editorial process
Regina Bailey
Updated January 13, 2020
Nematoda is the phylum of the Kingdom Animalia that includes roundworms. Nematodes can be found in almost any type of environment and include both free-living and parasitic species. Free-living species inhabit marine and freshwater environments, as well as the soils and sediments of all of the various types of land biomes. Parasitic roundworms live off of their host and can cause disease in the various types of plants and animals they infect. Nematodes appear as long, thin worms and include pinworms, hookworms, and Trichinella. They are among the most numerous and diverse organisms on the planet.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/nematoda-free-living-parasitic-roundworms-4123864
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450980486#0_1020076450
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Title: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Headings: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
National Labor Relations Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security
Soil Conservation Service
Tennessee Valley Authority
Additional Sources
View Article Sources
Content: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Humanities › History & Culture
7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
The Soil Conservation Service is still active today, but was renamed the Natural Resources Conservation Service in 1994. U.S. Department of Agriculture
History & Culture
American History
Basics
Important Historical Figures
Key Events
U.S. Presidents
Native American History
American Revolution
America Moves Westward
The Gilded Age
Crimes & Disasters
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
African American History
African History
Ancient History and Culture
Asian History
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Genealogy
Inventions
Latin American History
Medieval & Renaissance History
Military History
The 20th Century
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View More
By
Debbie Hadley
Entomology Expert
B.A., Political Science, Rutgers University
Debbie Hadley is a science educator with 25 years of experience who has written on science topics for over a decade. our editorial process
Debbie Hadley
Updated April 08, 2020
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt guided the United States through one of the toughest periods in its history. He was sworn into office as the Great Depression was tightening its grip on the country. Millions of Americans lost their jobs, their homes, and their savings. FDR's New Deal was a series of federal programs launched to reverse the nation's decline. New Deal programs put people back to work, helped banks rebuild their capital, and restored the country's economic health. While most New Deal programs ended as the U.S. entered World War II, a few still survive. 01
of 07
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The FDIC insures bank deposits, protecting customers from bank failures. Getty Images / Corbis Historical / James Leynse
Between 1930 and 1933, nearly 9,000 U.S. banks collapsed.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/new-deal-programs-still-in-effect-today-4154043
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450980486#1_1020078930
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Title: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Headings: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
National Labor Relations Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security
Soil Conservation Service
Tennessee Valley Authority
Additional Sources
View Article Sources
Content: FDR's New Deal was a series of federal programs launched to reverse the nation's decline. New Deal programs put people back to work, helped banks rebuild their capital, and restored the country's economic health. While most New Deal programs ended as the U.S. entered World War II, a few still survive. 01
of 07
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The FDIC insures bank deposits, protecting customers from bank failures. Getty Images / Corbis Historical / James Leynse
Between 1930 and 1933, nearly 9,000 U.S. banks collapsed. 1 American depositors lost $1.3 billion dollars in savings. 2 This wasn't the first time Americans had lost their savings during economic downturns, and bank failures occurred repeatedly in the 19th century. President Roosevelt saw an opportunity to end the uncertainty in the American banking system, so depositors wouldn't suffer such catastrophic losses in the future. The Banking Act of 1933, also known as the Glass-Steagall Act, separated commercial banking from investment banking and regulated them differently. The legislation also established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as an independent agency.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/new-deal-programs-still-in-effect-today-4154043
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450980486#4_1020084343
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Title: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Headings: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
National Labor Relations Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security
Soil Conservation Service
Tennessee Valley Authority
Additional Sources
View Article Sources
Content: 02
of 07
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
The Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, is another New Deal program. Win McNamee / Getty Images
Much like in the recent financial crisis, the 1930's economic downturn came on the heels of a housing market bubble that burst. By the start of the Roosevelt administration in 1932, nearly half of all American mortgages were in default, and at its worst in 1933, some 1,000 home loans were foreclosed every day. 3 Building construction came to a halt, putting workers out of their jobs and amplifying the economic fallout. As banks failed by the thousands, even worthy borrowers couldn't get loans to buy homes. The Federal National Mortgage Association, also known as Fannie Mae, was established in 1938 when President Roosevelt signed an amendment to the National Housing Act (passed in 1934). Fannie Mae's purpose was to purchase loans from private lenders, freeing up capital so those lenders could fund new loans. Fannie Mae helped fuel the post-WWII housing boom by financing loans for millions of GIs. 4 Today, Fannie Mae and a companion program, Freddie Mac, are publicly held companies that finance millions of home purchases. 4
03
of 07
National Labor Relations Board
The National Labor Relations Board strengthened labor unions.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/new-deal-programs-still-in-effect-today-4154043
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450980486#5_1020086307
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Title: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Headings: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
National Labor Relations Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security
Soil Conservation Service
Tennessee Valley Authority
Additional Sources
View Article Sources
Content: The Federal National Mortgage Association, also known as Fannie Mae, was established in 1938 when President Roosevelt signed an amendment to the National Housing Act (passed in 1934). Fannie Mae's purpose was to purchase loans from private lenders, freeing up capital so those lenders could fund new loans. Fannie Mae helped fuel the post-WWII housing boom by financing loans for millions of GIs. 4 Today, Fannie Mae and a companion program, Freddie Mac, are publicly held companies that finance millions of home purchases. 4
03
of 07
National Labor Relations Board
The National Labor Relations Board strengthened labor unions. Here, workers vote to unionize in Tennessee. Ed Westcott / Department of Energy
Workers at the turn of the 20th century were gaining steam in their efforts to improve working conditions. By the close of World War I, labor unions claimed 5 million members. But management started cracking the whip in the 1920s, using injunctions and restraining orders to stop workers from striking and organizing. Union membership dropped to 3 million, just 300,000 more than pre-WWI numbers.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/new-deal-programs-still-in-effect-today-4154043
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450980486#8_1020091814
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Title: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Headings: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
National Labor Relations Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security
Soil Conservation Service
Tennessee Valley Authority
Additional Sources
View Article Sources
Content: An estimated 20 million investors bet their money on securities, looking to get rich and get their piece of what became a $50 billion pie. 6 When the market crashed in October 1929, those investors lost not only their money but also their confidence in the market. The main goal of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was to restore consumer confidence in the securities markets. The law established the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate and oversee brokerage firms, stock exchanges, and other agents. FDR appointed Joseph P. Kennedy, father of future President John F. Kennedy, as the SEC's first chairman. The SEC is still in place, and works to ensure that "all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals…have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it, and so long as they hold it." 05
of 07
Social Security
Social Security continues to be one of the most popular and important New Deal programs. Douglas Sacha / Getty Images
In 1930, 6.6 million Americans were age 65 and older. 7 Retirement was nearly synonymous with poverty. As the Great Depression took hold and unemployment rates soared, President Roosevelt and his allies in Congress recognized the need to establish some kind of safety net program for the elderly and disabled.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/new-deal-programs-still-in-effect-today-4154043
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450980486#9_1020093757
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Title: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Headings: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
National Labor Relations Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security
Soil Conservation Service
Tennessee Valley Authority
Additional Sources
View Article Sources
Content: The SEC is still in place, and works to ensure that "all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals…have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it, and so long as they hold it." 05
of 07
Social Security
Social Security continues to be one of the most popular and important New Deal programs. Douglas Sacha / Getty Images
In 1930, 6.6 million Americans were age 65 and older. 7 Retirement was nearly synonymous with poverty. As the Great Depression took hold and unemployment rates soared, President Roosevelt and his allies in Congress recognized the need to establish some kind of safety net program for the elderly and disabled. On August 14, 1935, FDR signed the Social Security Act, creating what has been described as the most effective poverty mitigation program in U.S. history. With the passage of the Social Security Act, the U.S. government established an agency to register citizens for benefits, to collect taxes on both employers and employees to fund the benefits, and to distribute those funds to beneficiaries. Social Security helped not only the elderly, but also the blind, the unemployed, and dependent children. Social Security provides benefits to over 63 million Americans today, including over 46 million senior citizens. 8 Although some factions in Congress have attempted to privatize or dismantle Social Security in recent years, it remains one of the most popular and effective New Deal programs.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/new-deal-programs-still-in-effect-today-4154043
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_450980486#10_1020095872
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Title: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Headings: 7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
7 New Deal Programs Still in Effect Today
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
National Labor Relations Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security
Soil Conservation Service
Tennessee Valley Authority
Additional Sources
View Article Sources
Content: On August 14, 1935, FDR signed the Social Security Act, creating what has been described as the most effective poverty mitigation program in U.S. history. With the passage of the Social Security Act, the U.S. government established an agency to register citizens for benefits, to collect taxes on both employers and employees to fund the benefits, and to distribute those funds to beneficiaries. Social Security helped not only the elderly, but also the blind, the unemployed, and dependent children. Social Security provides benefits to over 63 million Americans today, including over 46 million senior citizens. 8 Although some factions in Congress have attempted to privatize or dismantle Social Security in recent years, it remains one of the most popular and effective New Deal programs. 06
of 07
Soil Conservation Service
South of Lamar, Colorado, a large dust cloud appears behind a truck traveling on highway 59, May 1936. PhotoQuest / Getty Images
The U.S. was already in the grip of the Great Depression when things took a turn for the worse. A persistent drought that started in 1932 wreaked havoc on the Great Plains. A massive dust storm, dubbed the Dust Bowl, carried the region's soil away with the wind in the mid-1930s. The problem was literally carried to the steps of Congress, as soil particles coated Washington, D.C., in 1934.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/new-deal-programs-still-in-effect-today-4154043
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_452831494#9_1024762819
|
Title: Open Door Policy
Headings: What Was the Open Door Policy in China? Definition and Impact
What Was the Open Door Policy in China? Definition and Impact
Key Takeaways: The Open Door Policy
What Was the Open Door Policy and What Drove It?
Reaction to the Open Door Policy
The End of the Open Door Policy
China’s Modern Open Door Policy
Sources and Further Reference
Content: Between 1978 and 1989, China rose from 32nd to 13th in the world in export volume, roughly doubling its overall world trade. By 2010, the World Trade Organization (WTO) reported that China had a 10.4% share of the world market, with merchandise export sales of more than $1.5 trillion, the highest in the world. In 2010, China surpassed the United States as the world’s largest trading nation with total imports and exports valued at $4.16 trillion for the year. The decision to encourage and support foreign trade and investment proved a turning point in China’s economic fortunes setting it on the path to becoming the “World’s Factory” it is today. Sources and Further Reference
“ The Open Door Note: September 6, 1899 .” Mount Holyoak College
“ Treaty Of Nanjing (Nanking), 1842 .” The University of Southern California. “ Anglo-Japanese Alliance .” Encyclopedia Britannica.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/open-door-policy-definition-4767079
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_453121905#6_1025458411
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Title: Ancient Olympics Origins and History
Headings: The History of the Olympics
The History of the Olympics
The Origins of the Olympic Games
When Did the Games Stop?
Frequency of the Games
A Religious Occasion
The Rewards of Victory
Main Sports
Content: Earthquakes in 522 and 526 and natural disasters, Theodosius II, Slav invaders, Venetians, and Turks all contributed to destroying the monuments at the site. Frequency of the Games
The Ancient Greeks held the Olympics every four years starting near the summer solstice. This four-year period was known as an "Olympiad" and was used as a reference point for dating events throughout Greece. Greek poleis (city-states) had their own calendars, with different names for the months, so the Olympiad provided a measure of uniformity. Pausanias, travel writer of the second century A.D, writes about the impossible chronology of a victory in an early footrace by reference to the relevant Olympiads: [6.3.8] The statue of Oebotas was set up by the Achaeans by the command of the Delphic Apollo in the eightieth Olympiad [433 B.C.], but Oebotas won his victory in the footrace at the sixth Festival [749 B.C.]. How, therefore, could Oebotas have taken part in the Greek victory at Plataea [479 B.C.]? A Religious Occasion
The Olympics were a religious event for the Greeks. A temple on the site of Olympia, which was dedicated to Zeus, held a gold and ivory statue of the king of the gods. By the greatest Greek sculptor, Pheidias, it stood 42-feet high and was one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World .
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https://www.thoughtco.com/origin-of-the-ancient-olympic-games-120122
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_454225231#0_1028207142
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Title: Parent-Teacher Communication Strategies for Success
Headings: Parent-Teacher Communication
Parent-Teacher Communication
Strategies and Ideas for Teachers
Keeping Parents Informed
Getting Parents Involved
Content: Parent-Teacher Communication Strategies for Success
Resources › For Educators
Parent-Teacher Communication
Strategies and Ideas for Teachers
Steve Debenport / Getty Images
For Educators
Elementary Education
Classroom Organization
Reading Strategies
Becoming A Teacher
Assessments & Tests
Secondary Education
Special Education
Teaching
Homeschooling
By
Janelle Cox
Education Expert
M.S., Education, Buffalo State College
B.S., Education, Buffalo State College
Janelle Cox, M.S., is an education writer specializing in elementary school education. our editorial process
Janelle Cox
Updated March 24, 2019
Maintaining parent-teacher communication throughout the school year is the key to student success. Research has shown that students do better in school when their parent or guardian is involved. Here is a list of ways to keep parents informed with their child's education and encourage them to get involved. Keeping Parents Informed
To help open the lines of communication, keep parents involved in everything their child is doing in school. Keep them informed about school events, classroom procedures, educational strategies, assignment dates, behavior, academic progress, or anything school related. Utilize Technology — Technology is a great way to keep parents informed because it allows you to get information out quickly. With a class website you can post assignments, project due dates, events, extended learning opportunities, and explain what educational strategies you are using in the classroom. Providing your email is another quick way to communicate any information about your students progress or behavior issues. Parent Conferences — Face-to-face contact is the best way to communicate with parents and a lot of teachers choose this option as their main way to communicate.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/parent-teacher-communication-2081926
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_454225231#1_1028209380
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Title: Parent-Teacher Communication Strategies for Success
Headings: Parent-Teacher Communication
Parent-Teacher Communication
Strategies and Ideas for Teachers
Keeping Parents Informed
Getting Parents Involved
Content: Keep them informed about school events, classroom procedures, educational strategies, assignment dates, behavior, academic progress, or anything school related. Utilize Technology — Technology is a great way to keep parents informed because it allows you to get information out quickly. With a class website you can post assignments, project due dates, events, extended learning opportunities, and explain what educational strategies you are using in the classroom. Providing your email is another quick way to communicate any information about your students progress or behavior issues. Parent Conferences — Face-to-face contact is the best way to communicate with parents and a lot of teachers choose this option as their main way to communicate. It's important to be flexible when scheduling conferences because some parents can only attend before or after school. During the conference it's important to discuss academic progress and goals, what the student needs work on, and any concerns the parent has with their child or the education that they are being provided with. Open House — Open house or " Back to School Night " is another way to keep parents informed and make them feel welcome. Provide each parent with a packet of essential information they will need throughout the school year. Within the packet you can include:
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https://www.thoughtco.com/parent-teacher-communication-2081926
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_454225231#2_1028211140
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Title: Parent-Teacher Communication Strategies for Success
Headings: Parent-Teacher Communication
Parent-Teacher Communication
Strategies and Ideas for Teachers
Keeping Parents Informed
Getting Parents Involved
Content: It's important to be flexible when scheduling conferences because some parents can only attend before or after school. During the conference it's important to discuss academic progress and goals, what the student needs work on, and any concerns the parent has with their child or the education that they are being provided with. Open House — Open house or " Back to School Night " is another way to keep parents informed and make them feel welcome. Provide each parent with a packet of essential information they will need throughout the school year. Within the packet you can include: contact information, school or class website information, educational objectives for the year, classroom rules, etc. This is also a great time to encourage parents to become classroom volunteers, and share information about parent-teacher organizations that they can participate in. Progress Reports — Progress reports can be sent home weekly, monthly or a few times a year. This way of connecting gives parents tangible evidence of their child's academic progress. It's best to include your contact information in the progress report, just in case parents have any questions or comments about their child's progress.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/parent-teacher-communication-2081926
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_454225231#3_1028212764
|
Title: Parent-Teacher Communication Strategies for Success
Headings: Parent-Teacher Communication
Parent-Teacher Communication
Strategies and Ideas for Teachers
Keeping Parents Informed
Getting Parents Involved
Content: contact information, school or class website information, educational objectives for the year, classroom rules, etc. This is also a great time to encourage parents to become classroom volunteers, and share information about parent-teacher organizations that they can participate in. Progress Reports — Progress reports can be sent home weekly, monthly or a few times a year. This way of connecting gives parents tangible evidence of their child's academic progress. It's best to include your contact information in the progress report, just in case parents have any questions or comments about their child's progress. Monthly Newsletter — A newsletter is a simple way to keep parents informed with important information. Within in the newsletter you can include: monthly goals, school events, assignment due dates, extension activities, volunteer opportunities, etc. Getting Parents Involved
A great way for parents to get involved in their child's education is to give them the opportunity to volunteer and become involved in school organizations. Some parents may say they are too busy, so make it easy and provide them with a variety of ways to get involved.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/parent-teacher-communication-2081926
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_455490358#5_1031495369
|
Title: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Headings: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Adaptability
Conscientiousness
Creativeness
Determination
Empathy
Forgiveness
Genuineness
Graciousness
Gregariousness
Grit
Independence
Intuitiveness
Kindness
Obedience
Passionate
Patience
Reflectiveness
Resourcefulness
Respectfulness
Responsibleness
Watch Now: How to Become a Better Teacher
Content: Students who have this trait can relate to their classmates. They are nonjudgmental. Instead, they are supportive and understanding. Teachers who have this trait can look beyond the walls of their classroom to assess and meet their students’ needs. They recognize that some students live a difficult life outside of school and try to figure out solutions for helping them. Forgiveness
Forgiveness is the capacity to move beyond a situation in which you were wronged without feeling resentment or holding a grudge. Students who are forgiving can let things go that could potentially serve as a distraction when they have been wronged by someone else. Teachers with this trait can work closely with administrators, parents, students, or other teachers who may have created an issue or controversy that was potentially detrimental to the teacher. Genuineness
People who are genuine demonstrate sincerity through actions and words without hypocrisy. Students who show genuineness are well-liked and trusted.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/personality-traits-that-help-teachers-students-3194422
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_455490358#8_1031500432
|
Title: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Headings: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Adaptability
Conscientiousness
Creativeness
Determination
Empathy
Forgiveness
Genuineness
Graciousness
Gregariousness
Grit
Independence
Intuitiveness
Kindness
Obedience
Passionate
Patience
Reflectiveness
Resourcefulness
Respectfulness
Responsibleness
Watch Now: How to Become a Better Teacher
Content: People are drawn to their personality. They often go out of their way to help others any time an opportunity arises. Teachers who have this trait are well respected. They are invested in their school beyond the four walls of their classroom. They volunteer for assignments, help other teachers when needed, and even find ways to assist needy families in the community. Gregariousness
The ability to socialize with and relate to other people is known as gregariousness. Students who have this trait work well with other people. They are capable of making a connection with just about anyone. They love people and are often the center of the social universe. Teachers who have this trait can build strong, trusting relationships with their students and families.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/personality-traits-that-help-teachers-students-3194422
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_455490358#13_1031508408
|
Title: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Headings: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Adaptability
Conscientiousness
Creativeness
Determination
Empathy
Forgiveness
Genuineness
Graciousness
Gregariousness
Grit
Independence
Intuitiveness
Kindness
Obedience
Passionate
Patience
Reflectiveness
Resourcefulness
Respectfulness
Responsibleness
Watch Now: How to Become a Better Teacher
Content: Teachers who have this trait can tell when students are struggling to grasp a concept. They can quickly assess and adapt the lesson so that more students understand it. They are also able to sense when a student is going through personal adversity. Kindness
Kindness is the capacity to help others without the expectation of getting anything in return. Students who have this trait have many friends. They are generous and thoughtful often going out of their way to do something nice. Teachers who have this trait are very popular. Many students will come into class looking forward to having a teacher with a reputation for being kind. Obedience
Obedience is the willingness to comply with a request without questioning why it needs to be done. Students who are obedient are well thought of by their teachers.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/personality-traits-that-help-teachers-students-3194422
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_455490358#14_1031509942
|
Title: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Headings: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Adaptability
Conscientiousness
Creativeness
Determination
Empathy
Forgiveness
Genuineness
Graciousness
Gregariousness
Grit
Independence
Intuitiveness
Kindness
Obedience
Passionate
Patience
Reflectiveness
Resourcefulness
Respectfulness
Responsibleness
Watch Now: How to Become a Better Teacher
Content: They are generous and thoughtful often going out of their way to do something nice. Teachers who have this trait are very popular. Many students will come into class looking forward to having a teacher with a reputation for being kind. Obedience
Obedience is the willingness to comply with a request without questioning why it needs to be done. Students who are obedient are well thought of by their teachers. They are typically compliant, well-behaved, and seldom a classroom discipline problem. Teachers who have this trait can build a trusting and cooperative relationship with their principal. Passionate
People who are passionate get others to buy into something due to their intense feelings or fervent beliefs. Students with this trait are easy to motivate. People will do anything for something about which they are passionate.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/personality-traits-that-help-teachers-students-3194422
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_455490358#15_1031511501
|
Title: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Headings: Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Personality Traits That Help Teachers and Students Succeed
Adaptability
Conscientiousness
Creativeness
Determination
Empathy
Forgiveness
Genuineness
Graciousness
Gregariousness
Grit
Independence
Intuitiveness
Kindness
Obedience
Passionate
Patience
Reflectiveness
Resourcefulness
Respectfulness
Responsibleness
Watch Now: How to Become a Better Teacher
Content: They are typically compliant, well-behaved, and seldom a classroom discipline problem. Teachers who have this trait can build a trusting and cooperative relationship with their principal. Passionate
People who are passionate get others to buy into something due to their intense feelings or fervent beliefs. Students with this trait are easy to motivate. People will do anything for something about which they are passionate. Taking advantage of that passion is what good teachers do. Passionate teachers are easy for students to listen to. Passion sells any topic, and a lack of passion can lead to failure. Teachers who are passionate about their content are more likely to produce students who become passionate as they learn. Patience
The ability to sit idly and wait on something until the timing is perfect is patience.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/personality-traits-that-help-teachers-students-3194422
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_456736969#6_1034663397
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Title: Plutonium Facts (Pu or Atomic Number 94)
Headings: Plutonium Facts (Pu or Atomic Number 94)
Plutonium Facts (Pu or Atomic Number 94)
Plutonium Chemical and Physical Properties
Plutonium Basic Facts
Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f 6 7s 2
Plutonium Physical Data
Sources
Content: Larger pieces of plutonium give off sufficient heat to boil water. Plutonium is a radiological poison and must be handled with care. It is also important to take precautions to prevent the unintentional formation of critical mass. Plutonium is more likely to become critical in liquid solution than as a solid. The shape of the mass is an important factor for criticality. Uses: Plutonium is used as an explosive in nuclear weapons. The complete detonation of a kilogram of plutonium produces an explosion equal to that produced by approximately 20,000 tons of chemical explosive. One kilogram of plutonium is equivalent to 22 million kilowatt hours of heat energy, so plutonium is important for nuclear power. Toxicity:
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https://www.thoughtco.com/plutonium-facts-606576
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_456736969#7_1034664579
|
Title: Plutonium Facts (Pu or Atomic Number 94)
Headings: Plutonium Facts (Pu or Atomic Number 94)
Plutonium Facts (Pu or Atomic Number 94)
Plutonium Chemical and Physical Properties
Plutonium Basic Facts
Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f 6 7s 2
Plutonium Physical Data
Sources
Content: Uses: Plutonium is used as an explosive in nuclear weapons. The complete detonation of a kilogram of plutonium produces an explosion equal to that produced by approximately 20,000 tons of chemical explosive. One kilogram of plutonium is equivalent to 22 million kilowatt hours of heat energy, so plutonium is important for nuclear power. Toxicity: Even if it wasn't radioactive, plutonium would be toxic as a heavy metal. Plutonium accumulates in bone marrow. As the element decays, it release alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Both acute and long-term exposure may result in radiation sickness, cancer, and death. Inhaled particles can cause lung cancer.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/plutonium-facts-606576
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_55_456743568#1_1034677552
|
Title: What They Are and How They Were Formed
Headings: Pluvial Lakes
Pluvial Lakes
Pluvial Lakes Were Formed in a Different Climate Than Today
Formation of Pluvial Lakes
Shrinking of Pluvial Lakes
Some of Today’s Pluvial Lakes
Content: Historically, such shifts changed arid areas into places with extremely wet conditions. There are also present-day pluvial lakes that show the importance of various weather patterns to a location. In addition to being referred to as pluvial lakes, ancient lakes associated with former wet periods are sometimes put into the category of paleolakes. Formation of Pluvial Lakes
The study of pluvial lakes today is mostly tied to that of ice ages and glaciation as the ancient lakes have left distinct landform features. The most prominent and well studied of these lakes are usually related to the last glacial period as this is when they are thought to have formed. Most of these lakes formed in arid locations where there was initially not enough rain and mountain snow to establish a drainage system with rivers and lakes. As the climate then cooled with the onset of climate change, these dry locations turned wet because of different air flows caused by the large continental ice sheets and their weather patterns. With more precipitation, stream runoff increased and began to fill the basins in the formerly dry areas. Over time, as more water became available with the increased moisture, the lakes enlarged and spread across places with lower elevations creating enormous pluvial lakes. Shrinking of Pluvial Lakes
Just as pluvial lakes are created by climate fluctuations, they are also destroyed by them over time.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/pluvial-lakes-1434438
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