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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: NigerianSocial Intervention Programmes have become a model for other nations. Together with the State Governments, we provide millions of school children with meals in primary schools, micro loans to traders and entrepreneurs, skills and knowledge acquisition support to graduates and of course, conditional cash transfers to the poorest and most vulnerable in our society\n\nQ1: Have the Social Intervention Programmes in Nigeria become a model for other nations?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: What is the Social Intervention Programmes in Nigeria?\nA2: Social protection programmes became necessary for the Aregbesola’s administration because of the need to improve the lives of the down trodden in the state.",
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"content": "justification: The 2 Q&A pairs provide little details for the claim, only that it is a program set up to help poor people, not weather other nations found the social program inspiring or what the program provides.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria was the number one destination for foreign direct investment during the tenure of President Jonathon.\n\nQ1: Who was the number one destination for foreign direct investment from May 5th 2010 to May 29th 2015?\nA1: Nigeria topped all other African countries in Mr Jonathan’s first two years with respective earnings of $8.84 and $7.07 billion. A drop to $5.5 and $4.65 billion in his subsequent two years in charge blew Nigeria off the top spot to the third spot in Africa. By his last year in office, the nation’s FDI had shrunk to $3.14 billion, placing Nigeria as Africa’s 7th destination for FDI.",
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"content": "justification: It seems that in the end of the term the investments went down, therefore the label is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria has made solid progress in fighting corruption in the past four years\n\nQ1: Was Buhari Administration substantially able cut down corruption in the past four years ?\nA1: Nigeria has a reputation for very massive corruption. I also know that the President (Buhari) has been able to cut that down very substantially. We talked about that, he is working on it and they have made a lot of progress and I think they will continue to make a lot of progress,” Trump said. Trump said this cut down on corruption in Nigeria will attract investors from the US to Nigeria. We have a lot of people in this country that invests in Nigeria, so cutting down on that corruption element and a corrupt element is very important to us and the President (Buhari) will be able to do that,” he added.\n\nHe also recognised Nigeria’s effort in its fight against terrorism and promised to support the country in that regard.\n\n“Nigeria is one of the first African nation to join the coalition to defeat ISIS and Nigerian forces are currently leading regional efforts to defeat ISIS in West Africa and doing very well as we have. Nigeria is also leading Africa in the fight against Boko Haram,” he said.\n\nQ2: How many Nigerian have been convicted of corruption since President Buhari took office ?\nA2: In the three years that I have been in charge of EFCC, we have secured 703 convictions. For me, it was an auspicious opportunity to contribute my quota to Mr President’s vision of a corruption-free nation. The opportunity to fully subscribe to President Buhari’s mantra to `kill corruption before it kills us’, was for me, the highest call to duty – one that required absolute commitment and passion.\n\n“Indeed, the task of fighting corruption in Nigeria has never been, is not and can never be an easy one,” he said.\n\nHe said that in 2015, ”there were 103 convictions; in 2016, 194 convictions; in 2017, 189 were secured while 217 convictions were secured from January, 2018 until date”\n\nQ3: What is Nigeria's Ranking on Corruption Perception Index (CPI) for 2018 ?\nA3: The Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC), Transparency International Chapter in Nigeria, said in a Tuesday morning statement to PREMIUM TIMES that “Nigeria scored 27 out of 100 points in the 2018 CPI, maintaining the same score as in the 2017 CPI.” In the country comparison, Nigeria ranks 144 out of 180 countries this year as opposed to 148 out of 180 countries in the 2017 CPI, the group added. Nigeria is thus still perceived as highly corrupt, and although the ranking shows that Nigeria moved up four (4) places, it only means that four other countries have scored worse while Nigeria stagnated.",
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"content": "justification: Convictions for corruption have increased year on year over that time\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria has made solid progress in the area of economic growth and agriculture and industrial output have recovered since the recession\n\nQ1: Has there been an increment in economic development in Nigeria since the recession of 2016\nA1: Since the implementation of the EGRP (Economic Recovery and Growth Plan) after the recession in 2016, the economy has been averaging at 2.7% and in 2019 it puts the economy on the third straight year with economic decline\n\nQ2: Is Nigeria among the growing economies in Africa based on their GDP\nA2: Nigeria not among the fastest growing economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by percentage growth in GDP",
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"content": "justification: The 1st Q&A pair state that up to 2019 ( which is the claim date) that Nigeria has had 3 straight years of economic decline, which is not the solid progress the claim speaks of so refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2014 in McDowell County, West Virginia, life expectancy for men was 64 years.\n\nQ1: What is the current life expectancy in McDowell County?\nA1: It was 67 for males and 73.8 for women.\n\nQ2: Was the life expentancy in McDowell lesser than that of Fairfax county in 2014 ?\nA2: In 2014 ... in McDowell County, W.Va., one of the poorest counties in the nation, life expectancy for men was 64 years. In Fairfax County, Va., a wealthy county, just 350 miles away, life expectancy was nearly 82 years, an 18 year differential. The life expectancy gap for women in the two counties was 12 years.the gap for men between the two counties 15 years, rather than the 18-year figure Sanders cited.",
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"content": "justification: Questions asked supports the claim of McDowel County havining a life expectancy of 64 years \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria are meeting the challenges of security with much greater support to the security forces in terms of money, equipment and improved local intelligence. Nigeria are meeting these challenges with superior firepower and resolve\n\nQ1: What challenges of security is Nigeria facing?\nA1: The Nigeria Security Tracker (NST), a project of the Council on Foreign Relations' Africa program, documents and maps violence in Nigeria that is motivated by political, economic, or social grievances. Different groups in Nigeria resort to violence. The militant Islamist movement Boko Haram is active in northern Nigeria. Violence among ethnic groups, farmers, and herdsmen sometimes acquires religious overtones. A new generation of Niger Delta militants threatens war against the state. Government soldiers kill civilians indiscriminately. Police are notorious for extrajudicial murder.\n\nQ2: What support is Nigerian Government giving to the security forces?\nA2: President Muhammadu Buhari has reiterated his administration's commitment to ensure appropriate funding for the Armed Forces in order to enhance the capacity of its personnel and deepen professionalism in the fight against insurgency.\n\nQ3: Do Nigerian security forces have superior firepower?\nA3: There are claims that the Buhari administration and the Nigerian military are inadequately equipping soldiers for the fight against Boko Haram\n\nQ4: Is Nigeria facing security challenges\nA4: FOR some time now, the problem of insecurity which used to be one of the lowest in the hierarchy of social problems facing this country seems to have assumed alarming proportions since the end of the Nigerian civil war which ended in 1970.\n\nQ5: What has the Nigerian government done about the security challenges\nA5: The insurgency has attracted the substantial deployment of the nation’s defense and intelligence establishments, as the Joint Task Force (JTF), which is comprised of the police and army, has been deployed in ten states in the north. Also, at border points, there has been tightened security, strict searches, and the deportation of illegal aliens.\n\nQ6: Has the response of the government caused some change in the security challenge\nA6: On Friday night an armed gang killed at least 34 people in the north-western state of Zamfara, which has been at the centre of a wave of attacks by bandits since the beginning of the year.\n\nThe Boko Haram insurgency has been terrorising people in the north-east for the past decade, and has been the main area of focus for Nigeria's armed forces.\n\nBut the triple suicide bombings in Borno on Sunday reflect just how complex the security challenges are.\n\nThe government has said that Boko Haram and the rival Islamic State of West Africa Province (Iswap) group are on their last legs. But both the military and population of the north-east continue to suffer regular attacks.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 and 2 show that as claimed Nigeria does have security challenges, and it is committed to appropriate funding of its armed forces to fight these challenges.\nHowever Q&A 3 says that the armed forces do not have superior firepower to take on the challenges they experience, with the final Q&A showing attacks are still happening from terror organisations frequently.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: It's free to watch TV in UK prisons.\n\nQ1: Can UK prisoners watch TV for free?\nA1: Prisoners must purchase phone credit themselves and pay rent for a TV.",
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"content": "justification: While it seems to be free for some prisoners, it is not free for all of them. therefore it is very hard to deduce from the the given question answers.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The U.S. women’s soccer team bring in more revenue but get paid less than the men\n\nQ1: When has the U.S. women’s soccer team brought in more revenue?\nA1: ...from 2016-18, the women’s team brought in $50.8 million in revenue, while the men’s team brought in $49.9 million. That’s a difference of less than 2% in the women’s favor.\n\nQ2: Are the U.S. women’s soccer team paid less than the men?\nA2: Yes, because Despite their successes on the field, players on the U.S. Women’s National Team are still paid considerably less than their male counterparts.\n\nQ3: When has the U.S. women's soccer team been paid less than the men's?\nA3: ...the U.S. Men’s National Team received nearly $5.4 million in total performance bonuses after losing in the Round of 16 of the 2014 World Cup, while the U.S. Women’s National Team received less than a third of that amount for winning the World Cup the following year.",
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"content": "justification: The Q&A pairs give figures that show the woman's soccer team are paid less than the men's in the U.S and bring in more revenue.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Mexican drug cartels make £500 billion a year.\n\nQ1: What are the worldwide proceeds from drugs estimated to be?\nA1: If only flows related to drug trafficking and other\ntransnational organized crime activities were considered, related proceeds would have been equivalent to\naround US$650 billion per year in the first decade\nof the new millennium, equivalent to 1.5% of global\nGDP or US$870 billion in 2009 assuming that the\nproportions remained unchanged. The funds available\nfor laundering through the financial system would\nhave been equivalent to some 1% of global GDP or\nUS$580 billion in 2009.\n\nQ2: Does the UN have estimates for Mexican drug cartels?\nA2: Calculating trafficking profits to North America (total\ntransit profits of US5.3 bn) is relatively straightforward.\nThe largest part of these profits are generated by South\nAmerican groups, notably groups from Colombia (most\nof the US$3.3 bn in profits generated in shipping the\ncocaine to Mexico), followed by profits made by Mexican drug cartels (US$2 bn for shipping the cocaine\nacross the border to the USA; far more money is then\nmade by the Mexican drug cartels within the United\nStates in trafficking the cocaine to the various wholesalers and retailers).\n\nQ3: What is the estimated revenue of Mexican drug cartels?\nA3: The cash-rich cartels, believed by the Mexican government to generate well over $21 billion each year.",
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"content": "justification: Numbers suggest far lower number.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: It costs £8 per day to watch TV in hospital if you’re 82.\n\nQ1: What companies provide TV systems to hospitals?\nA1: Some hospitals use TV systems provided by companies like HTS or Hospedia.\n\nQ2: Does Hospedia provide free TV services?\nA2: Yes, because FREE TV typically 8am-12noon, channels 1-5*\nFREE TV 7am-7pm in children’s wards*\nFREE outbound phone calls to 01, 02, 03 numbers and mobiles\nFREE radio\n\nQ3: How much do you have to pay to watch TV in a hospital?\nA3: For instance, as of April 2018 at the County Durham and Darlington NHS Trust, TV was free on channels one to five in the mornings, with prices ranging from £7.90 per day for the \"1 Day TV Bundle\" to the most expensive rate at £24.90 per day for the \"3 Day TV & Movies Bundle.\"\n\nQ4: Do some hospitals provide TV services free of charge?\nA4: James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, provide TV free of charge on some wards.\n\nQ5: How much are 82-year-olds charged to watch TV in hospitals?\nA5: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: Price seems to vary depending on package and location.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: India's Bharatiya Janata Party workers were killed in West Bengal by 11 Bajrang Dal members.\n\nQ1: When was the claim made\nA1: 11/06/2019\n\nQ2: What was the claim based on\nA2: The claim was based on a wrong story by a news center called NewsLaundry\n\nQ3: What did NewsLaundry do after discovering that they had made a wrong assessment and published a wrong story\nA3: the story was pulled down owing to an “error in assessment”",
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"content": "justification: The QA establish that the claim was pulled down as incorrect by the original source that posted it so it must be refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria’s best University ranks 800th in world.\n\nQ1: What is Nigeria's best University?\nA1: Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State has become the highest ranked Nigerian university in the latest Times Higher Education ranking released on September 26, 2018\n\nQ2: Are there other rankings with different results?\nA2: CWUR ranks only one Nigerian University in its list: University of Ibadan was ranked 991st in the world.\n\nQ3: Which spots are Nigerian Universities in the Times Higher Education World University rankings?\nA3: Both Covenant University and University of Ibadan are ranked in the 601-800 bracket.",
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"content": "justification: One answer says 601-800 another says 991\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 1.5 lakh sub centers and primary health centers being transformed as health and wellness centers (HWCs) to provide comprehensive primary healthcare services.\n\nQ1: Which location does the claim refer to?\nA1: India\n\nQ2: Who is claiming to develop the Health centres in the claim?\nA2: Ayushman Bharat, which is a National Health Protection Scheme, and will cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families\n\nQ3: Does the Ayushman Bharat Programme aim to transform 1.5 lakh sub centers and primary health centers into health and wellness centers (HWCs)\nA3: Yes, because The government has set up 1.22 lakh Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres and will achieve the target of 1.5 lakh such centres by the end of this year, Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya said.",
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"content": "justification: It seems from the 3rd QA that the claim is indeed supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ayushman Bharat provides comprehensive health coverage up to Rs. 5 lakh per family per year to around 50 crore people.\n\nQ1: What is Ayushman Bharat?\nA1: National Health Protection Scheme, which will cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) providing coverage up to 5 lakh rupees per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.",
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"content": "justification: Stated in a direct government source\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Former Vice President Joe Biden leaked the names of US Navy SEAL Team 6 families to Al Qaeda.\n\nQ1: What event is this alluding to?\nA1: Referring to the Navy SEALs unit responsible for the 2011 assassination of al Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden\n\nQ2: What did Biden say about the people involved in the operation?\nA2: President Barack Obama on May 1, 2011, announced to the nation that “a small team of Americans carried out the operation” at a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Press reports immediately following Obama’s announcement identified the SEALs’ involvement; some explicitly named Team 6.\n\nQ3: Did he mention anyone specifically by name?\nA3: No, because Then, on May 3, Biden in remarks at an Atlantic Council event lauded the SEALs for their work. He did not mention the specific unit or any specific members by name.\n\n“Let me briefly acknowledge tonight’s distinguished honorees. Admiral Jim Stavridis is the real deal,” Biden said. “He can tell you more about and understands the incredible, the phenomenal, the just almost unbelievable capacity of his Navy SEALs and what they did last Sunday.”\n\nHe later continued: “I’d be remiss also if I didn’t say an extra word about the incredible events, extraordinary events of this past Sunday. As vice president of the United States, as an American, I was in absolute awe, awe, of the capacity and dedication of the entire team — both the intelligence community, the CIA, the SEALs.”",
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"content": "justification: No names were said by Joe Biden according to the Q&As so the claim is incorrect. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Standing next to a mobile phone antenna or staying too long in its vicinity is a radiation risk.\n\nQ1: Can standing next to a mobile phone antenna or staying too long in its vicinity be a radiation risk?\nA1: No, because Ofcom has been carrying out radio frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements near mobile phone base stations for many years. These published measurements have consistently shown that EMF levels are well within the internationally agreed levels published in the ICNIRP Guidelines.",
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"content": "justification: Seems from the answer that there isn't a risk for radiation. Therefore the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Prolonged exposure to radiofrequency radiation from a mobile phone antenna may exceed the recommended guidelines.\n\nQ1: Has there been studies to account for how much prolonged radiofrequency radiation?\nA1: Yes, because Certificate of ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation\nProtection) Safety Measurement\n\nQ2: Have these tests been passed?\nA2: Yes, because The PASS/FAIL result relates to the measurements taken at each location and compares the emission levels for each band of frequencies in relation to the ICNIRP standards for that band.\n\nEach location is the document is labelled PASS.",
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"content": "justification: Each antenna was tested and passed results, meaning prolonged exposures are safe\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Three men were hung on a crane and shot for the rape and murder of a 10-year-old boy in Yemen in August 2018\n\nQ1: Is News360.co.za a credible news site?\nA1: This site may contain dodgy news. Think twice about trusting any story. Think thrice about sharing.\n\nQ2: Where did the news story originate and is that a credible news site?\nA2: The Daily Mail which is a UK national newspaper and credible source of news.\n\nQ3: Do the facts match the News 360 story?\nA3: Yes, because \"Three paedophiles are publicly shot then hanged from a crane as punishment for raping and killing a 10-year-old boy in Yemen\"",
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"content": "justification: The UK national newspaper Daily Mail reported this event.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Indian Prime Minister Modi launched an initiative for improving women's safety by setting up a helpline number that helps in keeping GPRS track of the vehicle that women are travelling in.\n\nQ1: Where did this initiative start?\nA1: in 2014, Mumbai Police under their ‘Travel Safe When Alone’ initiative, had started an SMS helpline for women travelling alone. As part of the initiative, women travelling alone at nights through autos or taxis can SMS their vehicle’s registration number to 9969777888 that helps Police to keep track of the vehicle that the woman is taking and would get her location through GPS.\n\nQ2: Is this still operational?\nA2: No, because this special helpline was later on shut down by Mumbai Police owing to the poor response from Women users.\n\nQ3: When was this claim made?\nA3: 03/06/2019\n\nQ4: Who started the \"Travel Safe When Alone\" initiative?\nA4: The Mumbai Police today launched a free SMS service for ensuring safety of women travelling alone or in odd hours.\n\nQ5: When did Narendra Modi become Prime Minister of India?\nA5: On May 26, 2014, Narendra Modi was sworn into office.\n\nQ6: When did the \"Travel Safe When Alone\" initiative launch?\nA6: March 8, 2014",
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"content": "justification: It seems that the iniatiative was started prior to Modi being sworn in, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Former Minnesota Senator Franken was accused credibly by eight women of groping and forceable kissing, all of which were corroborated in real time.\n\nQ1: Who was the first to accuse Senator Franken of sexual misconduct\nA1: Leeann Tweeden\n\nQ2: How many women accused Senator Franken of sexual harassment\nA2: Asides Leann Tweeden, 7 more women accused the senator\n\nQ3: Were the stories told by the accusers corroborated with pictures or the like\nA3: They described specific, detailed incidents in which he put his hands on their behinds or breasts during photos. Others recalled him trying to forcibly kiss them\n\nQ4: Was the Senator found guilty of the accusations\nA4: The Ethics Committee started an initial inquiry, but they never completed their work because Franken agreed to leave before they could",
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"content": "justification: Seems the senator was accused with evidence from the 2nd and 3rd answers. Therefore, the claim is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Taylor Swift says most Democrats, independents, Republicans back nondiscrimination for LGBTQ people.\n\nQ1: Did Taylor Swift state that the majority of Americans, across all political parties favour non-discrimination policies for LGBTQ people?\nA1: Yes, because Taylor Swift posted a letter on Instagram stating that a recent study shows that over 64 percent of Tennesseeans support laws for protection of LGBTQ people against discrimination. Reports are that the majority of Americans across ALL parties favour these non-discrimination policies for LGBTQ people.\n\nQ2: Was Taylor Swift correct when she said that that the majority of Americans, across all political parties favour non-discrimination policies for LGBTQ people?\nA2: Poll results in March 2019 showed majorities of liberals (81%), moderates (76%) and conservatives (55%) all favor nondiscrimination protections for LGBT people.",
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"content": "justification: Survey shows that a vast majority of Americans across all parties support the non-discrimination policies for LGBTQ people \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Being vegan for a year saves 6,670kg of grain.\n\nQ1: Where does this figure come from?\nA1: This statistic appears to come from a book “Food Choice and Sustainability: Why Buying Local, Eating Less Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won't Work”\n\nQ2: Is this a reputable and accurate source?\nA2: None of these figures for the amount of grain saved by switching to a vegan diet appears in the book, but it does give a figure of 865 million tons of grain being used to feed livestock and fish globally in the year 2011 (around 780 billion kg). It is unclear how you would get from this figure to an estimate of either 6,670kg or 7,455kg per person; that would seem to imply there are just over 100 million meat eaters in the world.",
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"content": "justification: The source links do not appear to present any information from which to judge this claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Virginia Beach USA mass shooting a \"false flag\" ordered by the \"Deep State\" to distract attention away from the investigation of \"SPYgate\"\n\nQ1: When did the Virginia Beach shooting take place\nA1: May 31, 2019\n\nQ2: What are the casualties of the Virginia Beach shooting\nA2: 12 people were killed and 4 other people were wounded",
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"content": "justification: Evidence provided from reputable news source (AP) of details of the shooting that took place in Virginia Beach and claimed the lives of 12 people - therefore confirming it was not fake/a false flag.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Being vegan for a year saves 365 animals.\n\nQ1: Are there any sources for how many animals are saved by adopting a vegan diet?\nA1: The Vegan Society estimates 37 animals per year would be saved.\n1 pig, 16 fish, 19 birds and 1 laying hen.",
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"content": "justification: Every one of the answers (3) to the 1st Q&A pair give a differing figure to the claim, and none match the claim either so there is a definitely a conflict between answers and claim.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Being vegan for a year saves 3,320kg of CO2.\n\nQ1: Can you calculate your co2 saving by being vegan?\nA1: Through the use calculators to see the impact you have made being vegan or vegetarian. Vegan and vegetarian lifestyles require less resources like water, food, oil, contribute less CO2 to the atmosphere\n\nQ2: Is the figure for saved co2 from switching to a vegan diet in the claim accurate?\nA2: One of the academic studies used in the claim actually puts the figure for saved co2 from switching to a vegan diet at under half of what is claimed, only 1,560kg saved per year.",
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"content": "justification: according to evidence it is in fact half of that amount\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Michael Jordan Said 'I Won't Release Another Shoe Until Black People Unite'\n\nQ1: Did Michael Jordan say, 'I Won't Release Another Shoe Until Black People Unite'?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Has this quote been debunked ?\nA2: Yes, because Snopes debunked this claim.\n\nQ3: Has Michael Jordan released a pair of shoes since this claim was made?\nA3: Yes, because 2020 Nike Jordan's",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim was debunked by Snopes\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Being vegan for a year saves 1,000 square metres of forest.\n\nQ1: Where does this figure come from?\nA1: The vegan calculator\n\nQ2: Are these figures widely accepted?\nA2: No Peta and the Vegan Society both produce differing figures\n\nQ3: How much tropical forest is lost daily?\nA3: we are losing upwards of 80,000 acres of tropical rainforest daily\n\nQ4: Is all of this 80,000 acres lost for meat production?\nA4: Despite increased public awareness of the importance of tropical rainforests, deforestation rates are actually on the rise, mostly due to activities such as commercial logging, agriculture, cattle ranching, dam-building and mining, but also due to subsistence agriculture and collection of fuel wood.\n\nQ5: Which source does the figure in the claim originate from?\nA5: scientificamerican.com which states upwards of 80,000 acres of tropical rainforest is lost daily\n\nQ6: Does the scientificamerican give reasons for the loss of 80,000 acres of tropical rainforest is lost daily?\nA6: It states ''Pinning down exact numbers destroyed each day around the world, and for what purpose is nearly impossible''",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence in the Q&As to show that this claim is correct, more information is required to know if this is true. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Kenya, over one in 20 children die before their fifth birthday.\n\nQ1: What is the under five mortality rate in Kenya\nA1: 45.6 deaths per 1000 births\n\nQ2: How many children die In Kenya, before their fifth birthday ?\nA2: data from national surveys that ask about births and deaths are used to estimate the mortality rate”.\n\nBlack said although the actual rate was lower than the claim, it was “reasonable”.\n\n“The reported value is 46 per 1000 live births which is slightly less than one in 20 which would be 50 per 1,000. For simplicity I think that one in 20 is a fair statement,” Black told Africa Check.",
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"content": "justification: the answer shows this is close enough to be supported, even though 45.6 deaths is slightly less than the claimed one in 20. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Bhajan kirtans being organised in Srinagar for the first time in 40 years\n\nQ1: When was the last time Bhajan kirtans was organised in Srinagar ?\nA1: VARANASI: Ganesh Chaturthi was observed with religious fervour in the city on Wednesday. Devotees thronged in several temples to seek the blessings of Lord Ganesha on the occasion. Bada Ganesh, Chintamani Ganesha, Sakshi Ganesha temples of the city witnessed a large number of devotees. Meanwhile, special bhajan and kirtan were organised in different well-decorated temples, muths and ashrams in the city.\nBesides, several puja committees geared up for the six- day festivity by setting up puja pandals adorning colourful and attractive idols of Lord Ganesha. Kashi Vidya Mandir is also organising Ganpati Mahotsav at Gai ghat area.\nMeanwhile, in Allahabad, Several functions were organised on Ganesh chaturthi at different parts of the city.\nAt the historic Takshakeshwar Nath temple, the pujan began amidst recitation of vedic mantras by the priest Ravi Shankarji Maharaj accomapnied by 11 fellow priests. The deity of Lord Ganesha was decked up for the occasion after performance of the daily shringaar and the morning aarti followed by distribution of prasad.",
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"content": "justification: The question and answer pair does not assist with information, but connecting to the source link the date of the text is\" Sep 20, 2012\" which then refutes the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US, Russia, Israel and France ‘approve’ Biafra’s separation from Nigeria\n\nQ1: Does Biafra want independence from Nigeria?\nA1: Biafra is long gone, but some in the southeast of Nigeria are still agitating for separation.\n\nQ2: Did the US, Russia, Israel and France ‘approve’ Biafra’s separation\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is not enough evidence on whether the countries mentioned in the claim actually approve. Therefore the label is not enough evidence\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Abortion is more dangerous now than ever before\n\nQ1: Did more women die whilst having abortions in 2019, than in earlier years?\nA1: No, because The case fatality rate was higher in the 1970's than it is today.\n\nQ2: Is Abortion more dangerous than ever before?\nA2: The claim has no information about types of abortion, or what is considered dangerous. Therefore it is impossible to state definitively.\n\nQ3: Did more women die whilst having abortions in 2019, than in previous years?\nA3: The case fatality rate for women dying during abortion procedures was higher in the 1970's than it is today. So fewer women died whilst having abortions in 2019, than in some previous years.\n\nQ4: Is abortion considered more dangerous than ever before?\nA4: Fatality figures are produced for deaths that occur during legal abortion operations. Illegal abortions may not be recorded as the cause of death. Therefore it is difficult to compare figures, as there is no specific data that is comparable between years.\n\nQ5: Did more women die whilst having abortions in 2019, than in previous years in the US?\nA5: The case fatality rate for women dying during abortion procedures was higher in the 1970's than it is today. So fewer women died whilst having abortions in 2019, than in some previous years.\n\nQ6: Is abortion considered more dangerous than ever before in the US?\nA6: There is no specific data that is comparable between years.\n\nQ7: Has death from abortions risen or fallen since previous decades till 2019?\nA7: By 2008 through 2014, the most recent set of data available, it had fallen to 0.62 deaths per 100,000 live births. Abortions now have less short-term risk to the health of the mother than carrying a pregnancy to term\n\nQ8: Are abortions in the US considered safe in 2019?\nA8: In late 2018 a Landmark Report Concluded that Abortion In U.S. Is Safe",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Abortion is safer than giving birth, this is not true. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 5G is killing trees.\n\nQ1: Does 5G kill trees?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Is 5G killing trees?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Can trees affect 5G frequency signals?\nA3: Yes, because Trees of a certain height can affect radio frequency signals.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No answer presented to support or refute.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump insisted that the special counsel was totally conflicted\n\nQ1: Who was the US special council at the time of the claim?\nA1: Robert Mueller, in full Robert Swan Mueller III, (born August 7, 1944, New York, New York, U.S.), American law enforcement official who served as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 2001 to 2013. In 2017–19 he was special counsel to a Department of Justice investigation into possible Russian interference in the U.S. presidential election of 2016.\n\nQ2: What are the basis for the claim that Robert Mueller have conflict of interests after being appointed as a special council?\nA2: Mueller’s former law firm, WilmerHale, represents Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner, who met with a Russian bank executive in December, and the president’s former campaign manager Paul Manafort, who is a subject of a federal investigation.\n\nLegal experts said the ethics rule can be waived by the Justice Department, which appointed Mueller. He did not represent Kushner or Manafort directly at his former law firm.\n\nQ3: What did the US department of Justice conclude regarding the special council's conflict of interest?\nA3: Justice Department ethics officials concluded that it is “appropriate” for recently named special counsel Robert Mueller to move forward with investigating Russia and the 2016 election, despite work by his former law firm that might overlap with his inquiry, a DOJ spokeswoman said Tuesday.\n\n“While we cannot confirm or deny the applicability of the regulation to the matters to which Special Counsel Mueller was appointed, we can confirm that the Department ethics experts have reviewed the matters and determined that Mr. Mueller’s participation in the matters assigned to him is appropriate,” she added.",
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"content": "justification: It appears that the conflict is acceptable. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Barack Obama said, \"Anybody can buy any weapon, any time without much, if any, regulation. They buy it over the internet. They can buy machine guns.\"\n\nQ1: What are the regulations on the sale of weapons in the US?\nA1: There are about 300 federal and state gun laws that regulate the sale and acquisition of firearms in the United States. When it comes to internet gun sales, the firearm is sent to a gun dealer who holds a federal firearms license. An FBI background check is then conducted before the firearm is transferred to the buyer.\n\nQ2: Can firearms be sold on the internet in the US?\nA2: Yes, because Potential gun buyers can view firearm advertisements and make\npurchases from the following categories of websites: major retailers,\nonline retailers, online auctions and marketplaces, online classified\nlistings, online forums and social media networks, and Dark Web\nwebsites.\n\nQ3: Who can buy a machine gun in the US?\nA3: Contrary to popular belief, it is perfectly legal for a law-abiding American citizen to own/possess a machine gun (sometimes called a full-auto firearm or automatic weapon).\n\nThe absolute easiest way is for someone to get a Federal Firearms License or “FFL” (even a home-based FFL).\n\nDepending on the type of FFL, the FFL-holder can purchase and sell machine guns, regardless of when they were made (more on this below), and they can even legally make their own machine guns or lawfully convert current firearms into full-autos.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the answers and sources the claim is half right as people can buy firearms on the internet but there are regulations in place. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump said Bill Clinton was found guilty\n\nQ1: Is Donald Trump quoted as saying Bill Clinton was found guilty?\nA1: Yes on May 30th 2019 he said:\n\n\"There were no charges. None. If you look at — if you look at Bill Clinton, that very nice gentleman who’s been so much on my side, as you know, his special prosecutor — it was guilty, guilty, guilty, guilty, guilty. So many guiltys. With me, there was no guilty.\"",
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"content": "justification: The 1st and only Q&A pair does state that Trump made the comment claimed, \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump claimed that he could not be guilty of obstruction of justice\n\nQ1: Did Donald J. Trump speak of being innocent of committing obstruction whilst president of the US?\nA1: Donald J. Trump tweeted 'No Collusion or Obstruction (other than I fight back),'\n\nQ2: Was Trump guilty of obstruction of Justice?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence on whether Trump could be found guilty of obstruction of justice from other sources, except from Trump himself.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: “America is like a healthy body and its resistance is threefold: its patriotism, its morality and its spiritual life. If we can undermine these three areas, America will collapse from within.\n\nQ1: When did Joseph Stalin make such a statement\nA1: Searching through his archive revealed no evidence of him having made such a statement\n\nQ2: Did Joseph Stalin say, \"America is like a healthy body and its resistance is threefold: its patriotism, its morality and its spiritual life. If we can undermine these three areas, America will collapse from within\"?\nA2: It looks as though Stalin did not state this quote. There is no evidence that he has ever said this.\n\nQ3: What is this claim about?\nA3: The claim is about whether Joseph Stalin stated the quote, \"America is like a healthy body, and its resistance is threefold: its patriotism, its morality, and its spiritual life. If we can undermine these three areas, America will collapse from within.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence to suggest that Stalin ever said this. So the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Literal manure is coming out of taps in some US counties with CAFOs.\n\nQ1: Do cattle outnumber people in Kewaunee County?\nA1: cattle outnumber people nearly 5 to 1\n\nQ2: What is a CAFO?\nA2: Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation\n\nQ3: Are there a lot of CAFO's in Kewaunee county?\nA3: In recent years, more mega dairy operations called CAFOs (confined animal feeding operations) have swallowed up Kewaunee County's fragile fields.\n\nQ4: What percentage of private wells were contaminated with fecal bacteria in Kewaunee County?\nA4: Fecal microbes found in 60 percent of sampled wells, raising concerns about dairy manure, septic waste",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: 60% os wells sampled in Kewunne county had manure and fecal manure coming out of them \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US Republican members of the budget-writing committee sidestepped adding any\nregulations to Concentrated Animal\nFeeding Operations (CAFOs).\n\nQ1: Did the US Republican members of the budget-writing committee sidestepped adding any regulations to Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) ?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: What did the US Republican members of the budget-writing committee do with regards to oversight of large-scale farm regulations?\nA2: The committee delayed action on measures on fee changes directly tied to CAFOs, it did not\nreject them. And there are clear concerns about the impact of manure on drinking water,\nincluding cases where fecal microbes has been detected in water.\n\nQ3: Did Republicans on the budget-writing committee reject changes tied to CAFO?\nA3: The Joint Committee for Review of Administrative Rules ultimately voted last fall to block a portion of the rule that had placed prohibitions on the movement of deer carcasses from CWD-affected counties. JCRAR members last month officially introduced their legislation to codify the suspension.\n\nQ4: What were the changes proposed for the CAFO?\nA4: Under the proposal, now going the Republican-controlled state Legislature, five more science positions and a new bureau would be added to the DNR.\n\nThe five positions would be charged with researching water and sources of contamination, while at least two would focus on synthetic chemicals known as PFAS that are present in things ranging from firefighting foam to food packaging.\n\nEvers is looking to add five separate staff positions to oversee concentrated animal feeding operations, or CAFOs. And he wants to up the $345 annual permit fee that CAFO owners who hold a water pollutant discharge elimination system permit have to pay.\n\nThat fee would be increased to $660 annually beginning in the first year of the budget, according to a DNR spokesman.\n\nThe budget would also create a new permit issuance fee of $3,270 for the operation of a CAFO to be implemented in the first year of the biennium, per DNR. The language would also require CAFO operators to pay $3,270 every five years thereafter for permit reissuance.\n\nEvers’ budget doesn’t include any provisions to increase state park fees or hunting and fishing fees. But it does propose allocating around $2.8 million over the biennium from the conservation fund for the state park system. The budget doesn’t note how much funding each park would receive.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: One QA pair states they delayed (sidestepped) which supports the claim but another QA pair states they voted to block a portion of the rule relating to placed prohibitions on the movement of deer carcasses from CWD-affected counties.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said the U.S. doesn’t have to worry about Chinese missile attacks because of the difference in time zones between the two countries\n\nQ1: Where was the claim posted ?\nA1: Americans first line of defence\n\nQ2: What type of site is this?\nA2: Satire - Nothing on this page is real. It is a collection of the satirical whimsies of liberal trolls masquerading as conservatives. You have been warned.\n\nQ3: Is there any proof that Cortez made these comments?\nA3: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim was made from a satirical website \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Javed Akhtar said \"If Narendra Modi becomes the prime minister of India again, then he and his wife Shabana Azmi and I will leave the country\"\n\nQ1: Who is Javed Akhtar?\nA1: A an eminent Indian film scriptwriter, lyricist and poet, respected social commentator and activist admired for his secular, liberal and progressive values, Javed Akhtar has written a large number of poems\n\nQ2: Is there any evidence that Javed Akhtar said, \"If Narendra Modi becomes the prime minister of India again, then he and his wife Shabana Azmi and I will leave the country\"?\nA2: He said, He said, \"The statement is a total lie. I have told this time and again and I will tell this now, I have not made any such comments. I completely disown this statement. I am very active and vocal on Twitter and whatever I have to say, I say it through that medium.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Javed Akhtar has directly contradicted this.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the 2019 EU parliamentary election, the \"total leave vote\" was 57.8% and the \"total remain vote\" was 41.5%.\n\nQ1: What was the total percentage of votes cast to leave in the EU parliamentary elections?\nA1: 58%\n\nQ2: What was the total percentage of votes cast to remain in the EU parliamentary elections?\nA2: 41.5%\n\nQ3: How many \"leave\" votes by The Labour Party were cast?\nA3: Total 14.1%\n\nQ4: How many \"leave\" votes by The Brexit Party were cast?\nA4: Total 31.6%",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Carrying evidence makes it difficult to come to a conclusion \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 12% of the electorate voted for no deal in the 2019 EU parliamentary elections\n\nQ1: What was the 2019 Eu Parliamentary elections for?\nA1: Elections to the European Parliament take place every five years by universal adult suffrage to vote European parliament members,\n\nQ2: What is \"no deal\"?\nA2: A no-deal Brexit (also clean break Brexit) was the potential withdrawal of the UK from the European Union (EU) without a withdrawal agreement\n\nQ3: How many parties supported the No Deal?\nA3: Two parties standing in the 2019 EU parliamentary elections in Great Britain seem to support a no deal Brexit as their preferred outcome: the Brexit Party and UKIP.\n\nQ4: What percentage of votes did these parties get?\nA4: These two parties won 35% of the vote in Great Britain between them (the Brexit Party got 31.6% and UKIP got 3.3%).\n\nQ5: What percentage of eligible voters cast a vote for a no deal party?\nA5: 34% of all UK voters who voted in the EU parliamentary elections voted for a party that seems to favour no deal, meaning about 13% of the total UK electorate voted for a no deal party.\n\nQ6: Was everyone who voted for a no deal party, necessarily preferring a no deal brexit?\nA6: a poll by Lord Ashcroft taken just after the election found 67% of those reporting they had voted for the Brexit party said they thought the best Brexit outcome would be leaving the EU with no deal. 23% thought the best outcome would be some form of deal, but not the one negotiated by the government.\n\nQ7: How do Northern Ireland elections work?\nA7: Single Transferable Vote (STV)\n Under STV, voters rank candidates in order of preference by marking 1, 2, 3 and so on next to the names of candidates on a ballot paper. A voter can rank as many or as few candidates as they like or just vote for one candidate.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Contrary to the claim, sources show that 13% voted for no deal \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Robert E. Lee opposed slavery and secession and has come to symbolize both slavery and secession.\n\nQ1: Did Robert E. Lee do anything to show he supported slavery?\nA1: Robert E. Lee personally owned slaves that he inherited upon the death of his mother, Ann Lee, in 1829. \n\nLee, as executor of Custis’ will and supervisor of Custis’ estates, drove his new-found labor force hard to lift those estates from debt. Concerned that the endeavor might take longer than the five years stipulated, Lee petitioned state courts to extend his control of enslaved people.\n\nQ2: Did Robert E. Lee do anything to show he opposed slavery?\nA2: In this enlightened age, there are few I believe, but what will acknowledge, that slavery as an institution is a moral & political evil in any Country. It is useless to expatiate on its disadvantages. I think it however a greater evil to the white than to the black race, & while my feelings are strongly interested in behalf of the latter, my sympathies are more strong for the former.",
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"content": "justification: The answers and credible sources show that Robert E Lee did not oppose slavery and so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 19-year-old Shivu Uppar was murdered by cow smugglers.\n\nQ1: How did Shivu Uppar die\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: When was the claim made\nA2: 27 May 2019 4:10 PM",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence either supporting or denying the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Most research shows that (UW salaries) are a little behind, and (in) some areas we're behind more than others.\n\nQ1: Are there lags in the Salaries of University of Wisconsin workers compared to peer institutions\nA1: Faculty members across the UW System were paid an average of 12.3 percent less in 2017-2018 than those at peer universities, a group of similar schools across the country chosen based on size and programs. That gap rose to 16.5 percent when adjusted for cost of living.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: University of Wisconsin workers are far behind in terms of wages compared to other peer universities .\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Drug Abuse Resistance Education has removed cannabis from its list of gateway drugs.\n\nQ1: What is Drug Abuse Resistance Education?\nA1: D.A.R.E. IS SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION EDUCATION AND MUCH MORE!\n\nThis year millions of school children around the world will benefit from D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), the highly acclaimed program that gives kids the skills they need to avoid involvement in drugs, gangs, and violence.\n\nD.A.R.E. was founded in 1983 and has proven so successful that it has been implemented in thousands of schools throughout the United States and many other countries.\n\nD.A.R.E. is a police officer-led series of classroom lessons that teaches children from kindergarten through 12th grade how to resist peer pressure and live productive drug and violence-free lives.\n\nQ2: What is a gateway drug?\nA2: A gateway drug is a drug that opens the door to the use of other, harder drugs. Gateway drugs are typically inexpensive and readily available.\n\nQ3: Has DARE changed their belief about cannabis being a gateway drug?\nA3: No, because Frank Pegueros, DARE America’s president and CEO, tells me the organization’s position on that question has not changed. He says the confusion is “based on what appears to have been a partial posting of a document on our website.” The part that was posted (which has since been removed) discussed alcohol and tobacco as gateway drugs; the part discussing marijuana as a gateway drug was on a subsequent page that was not posted. “It’s obvious from looking at the document that the entire document was in fact not posted, because it only addressed tobacco and alcohol,” Pegueros says. “It didn’t address marijuana or inhalants, the typical substances considered to be gateway drugs.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: DARE's CEO directly refutes the claim and points to assumptions being drawn from a partial text.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: At least 15 men die every day from prostate cancer in Nigeria.\n\nQ1: How many people died from prostate cancer in 2018\nA1: 15, 306\n\nQ2: From 15, 306 deaths in a year, how many deaths does that mean per day\nA2: 42 deaths per day",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Although the answer is much higher, than 15, being 42, the claim says \"at least 15\" so the claim is supported. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: $16 billion in US farmer aid will come from China.\n\nQ1: Is china paying the tariffs being imposed by Donald Trumps administration?\nA1: No, because the costs will be passed on to US Consumers.\n\nQ2: Is the $16 billion farm aid coming from China in US as Trump claimed ?\nA2: It is a false claim by Trump. China isn't paying the tariffs, nor are Chinese exporters funding the $16 billion in aid designated for o to U.S. farmers and ranchers. \n\nInstead, that money will come from the Commodity Credit Corp., part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The CCC was created in the 1930s to stabilize and protect farm income, with the Wall Street Journal noting it has the authority to draw $30 billion annually from the Treasury Department in support of farmers.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that the 16 billion in the claim for farming in the US will come from the Commodity Credit Corp., part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. not China as is claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Video shows House Speaker Nancy Pelosi slurred and slowed during a speech, showing that she is drunk.\n\nQ1: Was Nancy Pelosi drunk in her interview ?\nA1: The manipulated video clip, which was posted May 22, shows the California Democrat talking about President Donald Trump at the conference. But it was more tightly cropped than the original video and edited to slow Pelosi’s speech, making it appear that she was slurring her words.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Video was edited.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Journalist Arfa Khanum Sherwani tweet mentioning the Arabic name for the prophet Moses shows sympathy with the slain terrorist Hizbul commander Zakir Musa in Pakistan.\n\nQ1: What did Arfa Khanum Sherwani say about Moses?\nA1: Cleaving the heart of darkness, light shall come, If there's a Phiroun (Pharaoh), Moses (Musa) too shall come.\n\nQ2: When did Arfa Khanum Sherwani say this?\nA2: On Twitter on 20th November 2016 and 21st May 2019.\n\nQ3: When did Zakir Musa die?\nA3: 23rd May 2019.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources clearly show that the person who died, died after the tweet so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Mark Twain said of journalists that it is \"far better\" to \"fear the media for they will steal your honor\" and describes them as \"a horde of ignorant, self-complacent simpletons…\"\n\nQ1: How did Mark Twain describe Journalists in his 1873 speech \"License of the Press\"\nA1: That awful power, the public opinion of a nation, is created in America by a horde of ignorant, self-complacent simpletons who failed at ditching and shoemaking and fetched up in journalism on their way to the poorhouse.\n\nQ2: When did the word media become commonly used to refer to the news and journalism?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim is cherry picking as Mark Twain said half of the quote but no evidence of the quote with media in it.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Shubham Baghel, one of the assailants in an attack on three people for carrying beef, is a member of a Hindutva organization called Sri Ram Sena.\n\nQ1: Is Shubham Baghel a member of a Hindutva organisation called Sri Ram Sena?\nA1: Through his Facebook profile, there is no confirmation on whether Baghel is a member of a Hindutva organisation called Sri Ram Sena.\n\nQ2: Is Shubham Baghel a member of the Hindutva organisation called Sri Ram Sena\nA2: Identifying themselves as members of Shriram Sena, Baghel, a habitual offender, had shared the video clip on his Facebook page a day after the assault\n\nQ3: Is there any evidence on his facebook page that suggests his a member of the Hindutva organization\nA3: No, because There is nothing that points to him being a member of the orginazation",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer to Q1 is not reliable evidence and the source reveals more than one user of this name.\nQ2 isn't necessary, the answer is a 2nd answer to Q1. The answer lacks content, a is evidenced by the source. It is cherrypicked.\nQ3 asks about what we already know from Q&A1.\nThere's simply not enough evidence to support/refute the claim\n\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenyan health minister Sicily Kariuki claimed the Kenyan government increased the health sector budget by more than 30% between 2017 and 2019.\n\nQ1: What was the Kenyan Health Sector budget for 2017?\nA1: For the 2016/2017 budget it was 156ksh 2017/2018 budget it was 169.1ksh\n\nQ2: What was the Kenyan Health Sector budget budget for 2019?\nA2: For 2018/2019 the budget was 202.9ksh\n\nQ3: What was the Kenyan Health Centre budget percentage increase between 2017 and 2019?\nA3: The national level budget increase was 49%, the county level increase was 17.8% and the total budget allocation is 29.9%.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The budget was increased by 49% so clearly the claim is supported. The source is from the government budget which is trustworthy.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Chris Jacobs is a \"Never-Trumper\", i.e. someone who does not support Donald Trump\n\nQ1: Has Chris Jacobs critized Trump?\nA1: Chris Jacobs critized the Trump administration for not declaring the heroin and opioid crisis a national emergency.\n\nQ2: Has Jacobs said he supports Trump?\nA2: Chris Jacobs released a statement saying that he supports Trump's agenda.\n\nQ3: Did Chris Jacobs vote for Trump in 2016?\nA3: But Jacobs has recently affirmed his support for the president, arguing that he would be a more effective ally in the House.\n\n\"I voted for the president, I support his agenda and I’m running for Congress because the president needs somebody in the 27th congressional district who can win this seat in 2020 and help move his agenda in Congress,\" Jacobs said in a statement",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&A pair state that chris jacobs was only critical of the way trump handled a certain situation, but supports him overall.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: None of Kinya's ministers asked to step aside in 2015 has made it to court because the allegations that were made against them did not have any basis.\n\nQ1: What were Kenya's ministers asked to step aside in 2015 accused of?\nA1: The ministers have been accused of Corruption. President Uhura Kenyatta, asked officers named in the Confidential Report prepared by the Ethics and Anti - Corruption Commission to step aside to allow the Commission to carry out and complete its investigations.\n\nQ2: Who were the ministers?\nA2: President Uhuru Kenyatta Saturday suspended Cabinet Secretaries Kazungu Kambi (Labour), Michael Kamau (Transport), Davis Chirchir (Energy) and Felix Koskei (Agriculture) after being named in EACC report.\n\nQ3: Did any of the ministers get charged?\nA3: Charity Ngilu's has been charged with obstructing Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission officials during the investigations into the land in Karen that was allegedly grabbed by high-profile individuals, including government fficials.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Charity Ngilu's has been charged with obstructing Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission officials during the investigations into the land in Karen that was allegedly grabbed by high-profile individuals, including government officials.\nSuspended Kenyan Minister for transport and infrastructure Michael Kamau (R) and former resident engineer in the ministry Nicholas Ndung’u Ng’ang’a (L) stand in the dock at the Milimani Law Courts in the capital Nairobi, June 4, 2015. Kamau was charged on Thursday for abuse of office over a road project that wasted public funds, the first high profile official to appear in court in a campaign against corruption. According to court documents, Ndung’u Ng’ang’a faced similar charges\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Wisconsin's prison population expanded and vacancy rates for correctional officers went from 2.9% to 15.2%\" over the last eight years.\n\nQ1: What was the prison population in 2011?\nA1: 21,941\n\nQ2: What was the prison population in 2018?\nA2: 23,675 or 7.9 percent\n\nQ3: What was the turnover rate in 2013-2014 for correctional officers?\nA3: 17.8 percent\n\nQ4: What was the turnover rate in 2017-2018 for correctional officers?\nA4: 26.1 percent\n\nQ5: What was the correctional officer and sergeant vacancy rate in 2011?\nA5: 2.87%\n\nQ6: What was the correctional officer and sergeant vacancy rate in 2019?\nA6: 15.27%",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The vacancy rates in the Q&As match the rates in the claim so the claim is supported. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenyan law says if you are allocated a piece of land, you must develop it within two years. If you do not develop it within two years, it is supposed to revert to government.\n\nQ1: Does the Kenyan government allocate land to private individuals?\nA1: Yes, because The Land Act sets out how public land can be allocated to private individuals, businesses and foreign governments\n\nQ2: If allocated land must it then be developed?\nA2: Where the land allocated … is not developed in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated in the lease, that land shall automatically revert back to the national or county government, as the case may be,” the law says.\n\nQ3: Must all allocated land be developed?\nA3: land provided under the export processing zone law must be developed within two years.\n\nQ4: Does allocated land that remans undeveloped risk being returned to the government?\nA4: Where the land allocated … is not developed in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated in the lease, that land shall automatically revert back to the national or county government, as the case may be,” the law says",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: the land act shows that the land must be developed within two years. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Jubilee party had pledged in its manifesto to build 57 mega dams to provide more food and water to Kenyans.\n\nQ1: Has there been an official announcement of this ?\nA1: The Ministry of Water and Irrigation stated - \nDuring the period which incidentally is coinciding with the UN water decade (2018-2028), the Government targets to implement 57 major dams in the country\n\nQ2: What is the Jubilee Party of Kenya?\nA2: A political party\n\nQ3: What does the Jubilee Party plan to do for Kenya if re-elected?\nA3: Complete the 57-large-scale dam construction programme, support small-holder agricultural irrigation and work with the private sector to enhance food and agricultural production on at least 1.2 million acres.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Confirmed in QA pair.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The phrase \"high crimes and misdemeanors\" is not defined in the American Constitution.\n\nQ1: Is the phrase \"high crimes and misdemeanors\" not defined in the American Constitution?\nA1: True, the phrase \"high crimes and misdemeanors\" is not defined in the American Constitution.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The phrase is not defined in the American Constitution. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden abandoned Scranton Pennsylvania.\n\nQ1: What is Scranton Pennsylvania?\nA1: Small industrial city, in Northeastern Pennsylvania, 40 miles from New York–New Jersey border\n\nQ2: Where was Joe Biden President of the U.S born?\nA2: Joe Biden from scranton to president, was Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania in 1942\n\nQ3: Who accused Joe Biden of abandoning Scranton, Pennsylvania?\nA3: Donald Trump said; \nI guess he was born here, but he left you, folks. He left you for another state. Remember that, please. I meant to say that. This guy talks about oh, I know Scranton I know that -- Well, I know the places better. He left you for another state and he didn't take care of you because he didn't take care of your jobs.\n\nQ4: When did Joe biden move from Scranton Pennsylvania?\nA4: 1953: The Biden family moved to Delaware.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: While he is from there he moved away along time ago in 1953,.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Russian law prohibits political activity in schools.\n\nQ1: Does Russian law prohibit political activity in schools?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Is there any evidence of political activity in Russian Schools?\nA2: Yes, because Teachers, university professors and researchers called on their colleagues to show integrity in the March 4 presidential election. The open letter, which was signed by almost 150 workers in the field of science and education, was received on February 3 at the disposal of Kasparov.Ru .\n\n\"Teachers can do a lot to ensure that elections are fair - voting often takes place in school buildings, the composition of election commissions is often formed from teachers and heads of educational institutions,\" the authors of the appeal write.\n\nMeanwhile, only those teachers who are members of United Russia will be members of election commissions in Moscow. In addition, a distribution order for a pro-Putin rally on February 4 on Poklonnaya Hill was sent to schools. Schools are required to provide several people to participate in the rally.\n\nThe publication also claims that employees of schools and state-owned companies are forced to go on February 4 to the opposition procession \"For Fair Elections\" from Yakimanka to Bolotnaya Square, but with posters and slogans in support of Vladimir Putin.\n\nQ3: Has Putin visited schools during his term as president?\nA3: Yes, because For example, he had the say about how to phrase new history books in 2013",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: there isn't enough evidence about Russia's law about political activity in schools. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: £22 billion was taken out of welfare spending in England between 2010 and 2015.\n\nQ1: How much was the welfare spending in the UK in 2010?\nA1: 110.71 Billion pounds\n\nQ2: How much was the welfare spending in the UK in 2015?\nA2: 114.36 Billion pounds",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: £114.36bn (2015) - £110.71bn (2010) = an increase in welfare spending in the UK of £3.65bn, not a decrease of £22bn. \nThe claim is for England not the whole of the UK but evidence has been provided for the UK as a whole.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden told Ukrainian government leaders that if they did not sack the prosecutor going after his son then they would not give them a $2 billion loan.\n\nQ1: Did the Ukrainian government investigate Burisma Holdings?\nA1: Since May 7, 2014 GPO has been investigating case No42014000000000375 of alleged criminal activity of subsidiaries of Burisma in Ukraine,\n\nQ2: Who was the lead investigator in Ukraine investigation of Burisma?\nA2: Prosecutor General Viktor Shokin\n\nQ3: Did Vice President Joe Biden tell the Ukrainian government that if they did not sack the prosecutor investigating Burisma then they would not give them a loan?\nA3: n his own words, Biden described how he threatened Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko in March 2016 that the Obama administration would pull U.S. loan guarantees, if it did not fire Prosecutor General Viktor Shokin\n\nQ4: How much was the loan being threatened to e removed?\nA4: $1 billion in U.S\n\nQ5: Who is Joe Biden's Son?\nA5: younger son, Hunter Biden.\n\nQ6: Was Hunter Biden connected with the Burisma company being investigated in Ukraine?\nA6: Burisma Holdings employed Biden’s younger son, Hunter, as a board member.\n\nQ7: Did Vice president Joe Biden acknowledge his sons role at Burisma before asking for the prosecutor in Ukraine be fired?\nA7: Biden’s office was quoted, on the record, acknowledging Hunter Biden’s role in Burisma in a New York Times article about the general prosecutor’s Burisma case that appeared four months before Biden forced the firing of Shokin. The vice president’s office suggested in that article that Hunter Biden was a lawyer free to pursue his own private business deals.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: While the majority does seem to back up the claim, the claim states a $2bn USD loan but the answers say $1bn USD loan.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Evil is the result of what happens when man does not have God’s love present in his heart.\n\nQ1: Did Albert Einstein say, \"Evil is the result of what happens when man does not have God’s love present in his heart.\"?\nA1: No evidence that Einstein said evil results from a lack of God’s love",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Refuted based on the question claiming Einstein said this and not the claim itself.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden improperly used his influence as vice president to get Ukraine to sack its top prosecutor, Viktor Shokin, to benefit his son Hunter Biden in 2016\n\nQ1: Did Biden threaten to withhold the $1 billion in loan guarantees to unseat Ukraine’s top prosecutor ?\nA1: Now, that prosecutor general, Viktor Shokin, says he was fired because he was pursuing Zlochevsky and Burisma. “I didn’t get the hints that we should stop the investigation of Burisma wrongdoing,” he said in an interview published this week, in which he also accuses Biden of pursuing “personal interests” in Ukraine and recruiting Ukrainian officials to protect them — charges Biden denies. Shokin’s claims are highly questionable. The illegal enrichment and money laundering investigation against Zlochevsky was started in August 2014 at the request of Shokin’s deputy, Vitaly Kasko. He had a strained relationship with his boss, and resigned in early 2016, two months before Shokin’s firing. Shokin didn’t actually lead the Zlochevsky investigation, so his removal wasn’t necessary to stop it. Besides, Kasko denies there was any U.S. pressure to end the investigation: He told Bloomberg News that the case had been dormant for a while when Shokin was fired.\n\nQ2: Was The vice president’s trip in March 2016, to Ukraine connected to Ukraine's sack of its top prosecutor, Viktor Shokin ?\nA2: Ukraine’s prosecutor general said in an interview that he had no evidence of wrongdoing by U.S. Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden or his son, despite a swirl of allegations by President Donald Trump’s lawyer.\n\nQ3: Did the The U.S. plan to push for Viktor Shokin’s dismissal initially come from Joe Biden ?\nA3: The U.S. plan to push for Shokin’s dismissal didn’t initially come from Biden, but rather filtered up from officials at the U.S. Embassy in Kiev, according to a person with direct knowledge of the situation. Embassy personnel had called for U.S. loan guarantees to Ukraine to be tied to broader anti-corruption efforts, including Shokin’s dismissal, this person said.",
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"content": "justification: The evidence shows that Joe Biden didn't interfere in this matter.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Chinese government put millions of dollars into Biden's family business.\n\nQ1: What is the claim referring to?\nA1: In the deal alluded to by Mr. Trump in the Fox News interview on Sunday, Hunter Biden and a business partner, Devon Archer, were involved in a fund that reportedly pursued an investment from the Chinese government-owned Bank of China.\n\nThe fund was announced in late 2013 — days after Hunter Biden and one of his daughters flew to China from Japan aboard Air Force Two with the vice president, who was in the midst of a diplomatic mission intended to calm rising tensions in the region. During the trip, Vice President Biden warned Chinese leaders not to use fighter jets to enforce an air defense zone created by Beijing over contested waters.\n\nThe conservative author Peter Schweizer has suggested that Hunter Biden used the trip to secure a deal with the Bank of China — a suggestion that has been echoed by Mr. Trump’s allies in the conservative news media.\n\nQ2: Did Hunter Biden make any money from the deal?\nA2: a lawyer for Hunter Biden said he did not conduct any business related to the China investment fund on that trip, and was not an equity owner in the fund while his father was vice president. He later acquired a 10 percent interest in the entity that oversees the fund, but to date has not received any money from the arrangement, according to the lawyer.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No evidence shows that The Chinese government put millions of dollars into Biden's family business.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There were 25% cuts to local government spending between 2010 and 2015.\n\nQ1: Which location does the claim refer to?\nA1: United Kingdom.\n\nQ2: Was there 25% of cuts to local government spending between 2010 and 2015 in the U.K?\nA2: Analysis by the National Audit Office found that council funding in England from central government and council tax combined decreased by 25% in real terms between 2010/11 and 2015/16.\n\nQ3: Does only England and Wales make up the whole of the UK?\nA3: United Kingdom made up of England, Scotland, and Wales\n\nQ4: Who made the claim\nA4: Andrew Marr\n\nQ5: Was he referring to the whole united kingdom ?\nA5: Only England and Wales share locale government spending so likely only those as he was speaking of public spending and the police workforce.\n\nQ6: What was the percentage decrease in the spending power of local government in the UK between 2010 and 2015\nA6: The Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government measures the impact of reducing government funding on local authority income via ‘revenue spending power’. This indicator captures the main streams of government funding to local authorities alongside council tax. We found that nationally revenue spending power fell by 25% in real terms from 2010-11 to 2014-15",
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"content": "justification: there were 25% cuts to local spending. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Poland has lowered its retirement age from 67 to 60.\n\nQ1: What was the state pension age in Poland in 2019?\nA1: 65 years for men and 60 years for women.\n\nQ2: Was Poland's state pension age for women ever 67 years?\nA2: No, because The chart shows Poland's highest state pension age for women was 60.6 years in 2016.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that there was never a retirement age of 67 in Poland so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tariffs are now being paid to the United States by China of 25% on 250 Billion Dollars worth of goods & products. These massive payments go directly to the Treasury of the U.S.\n\nQ1: Were China’s tariffs paid to the United States by China?\nA1: Tariffs are a tax paid by American companies and consumers — not by the foreign governments targeted by the tariffs.\n\nQ2: How much did the Trump’s tariffs really cost Americans?\nA2: If American technology companies cannot export to China, they would only create next competitors there, while losing access to a huge market.\n\nQ3: Did More Trump Tariffs Hamper China’s Development\nA3: It is widely expected that these tariffs have thus far added more than one or two billion dollars in fiscal revenue to US government coffers. President Trump is complacent and self-congratulatory. However, the 10% tariff increase from the previous round seems to have been paid by American companies and consumers! US importers must see their profits eroded by tariffs if they do not directly pass these costs onto US companies downstream. A study by a group of economists from Princeton, Columbia, and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York estimates that US companies have suffered a loss of $1.4 billion due to tariffs, while American consumers have footed the bill for more than $3 billion. Another study by another group of economists from the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation argues that the US-China trade war has cost the American economy $6.4 billion, equivalent to 0.03% of GDP. It seems unwise to let American companies and consumers take such large losses for such little increase in fiscal revenue.",
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"content": "justification: The 1st Q&A pair point out that tariffs are paid by the US consumer when buying products from the tariffed country (china) not as is claimed that tariffs are paid by china to the us gov.\nThe 3rd Q&A pair does giv figures on these tarifs but they are substantially lower than what is claimed overall so as no parts of the claim are proved true then refuted has been chosen.\n\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The UK’s pension age is going up.\n\nQ1: What is the current UK Pension age as of 2018?\nA1: 65\n\nQ2: Is the pension age rising in the UK?\nA2: In March 2019 it began to rise, and will increase to 66 for both men and women by October 2020. It will then rise again, from 66 to 67, between the years 2026 and 2028, and then from 67 to 68 between 2044 and 2046.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Pensions Act 2014 provides for a regular upwards review of the State Pension age, at least once\nevery five years.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pakistani man sentenced to death for farting in mosque during Ramadan.\n\nQ1: Where was this story originally published?\nA1: The World Daily News Report website.\n\nQ2: Is the World Daily News Report a reliable source of information?\nA2: No, it is a satirical website that includes this disclaimer on each page of the website. 'World News Daily Report assumes all responsibility for the satirical nature of its articles and for the fictional nature of their content. All characters appearing in the articles in this website – even those based on real people – are entirely fictional and any resemblance between them and any person, living, dead or undead, is purely a miracle.'",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Came from a satirical website, no basis in truth.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Poland lowered its retirement age using money from the EU.\n\nQ1: Where does the funding Poland gets from the EU go towards?\nA1: The funding Poland gets from the EU budget goes to specific schemes such as supporting agriculture, infrastructure or economic development.\n\nQ2: Is there evidence that the EU contributes to Poland's pension fund?\nA2: No, because Obviously this funding could mean that Poland has more to spend overall, but there is no evidence that EU contributions are what directly fund its lowering of the pension age.\n\nQ3: Is Poland a \"net beneficiary\" from the EU's budget?\nA3: Yes, because Yes, Poland is one of the 'net beneficiary' countries from the EU's budget , which means it gets back more than it pays in.\n\nQ4: Did Poland lower its retirement age?\nA4: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Not enough evidence leads to the conclusion that Poland has either lowered its retirement age or uses the money from the EU to do so\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: You inherit your DNA, temperament, tastes, and emotions from your maternal grandmother\n\nQ1: Did a study reveal children get most of their genes from their maternal grandmother?\nA1: No, the study quoted in the claim is \n\"Grandma plays favourites: X-chromosome relatedness and sex-specific childhood mortality\"\n\nIt looked at the survival rate of grandchildren in certain populations and compared that to which grandparents were present in the life of the child. They were trying to see if there was an effect if a grandparent with more or less certainty of having provided the X or Y chromosome of the kid was present or not.\n\nQ2: Where does a child get his/her DNA from\nA2: Your DNA contains a record of your ancestors, but you aren't a carbon copy of any one of them. The particular mix of DNA you inherit is unique to you. You receive 50% of your DNA from each of your parents, who received 50% of theirs from each of their parents, and so on. In the chart below you can see how the amount of DNA you receive from a particular ancestor decreases over generations. If you go back far enough, there is a chance that you inherited no DNA from a particular ancestor.",
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"content": "justification: this isn't what the study shows, it was investigating the \"grandmother hypothesis\" According to the ‘grandmother hypothesis’, post-menopausal women can increase their genetic contribution to future generations by increasing the survivorship of their grandchildren.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: It is illegal for mayors to even bring up gun reform for discussion in Florida, US.\n\nQ1: Is it illegal for mayors to discuss gun control in florida?\nA1: No, because It is only illegal for A mayor to enact any sort of municipal gun regulation.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: They can talk about it but cant enact any sort of gun regulation.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said, “Waiting hours longer in the waiting room will allow you to make new friends.” This is regarding emergency care waits.\n\nQ1: Where did Pelosi supposedly say this?\nA1: On a satire site duhprogressive.com\n\nQ2: Is there any evidence she said this?\nA2: No, because Duh progressive is political satire, not news.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Satire news.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko is preparing for a third round of presidential elections.\n\nQ1: Who won the 2019 Ukrainian presidential elections?\nA1: Ukrainian comedian Volodymyr Zelensky has scored a landslide victory in the country's presidential election.\n\nWith nearly all ballots counted in the run-off vote, Mr Zelensky had taken more than 73% with incumbent Petro Poroshenko trailing far behind on 24%.\n\nQ2: When will president-elect Volodymyr Zelensky have his inauguration?\nA2: Ukrainian lawmakers have decided the inauguration of President-elect Volodymyr Zelensky will be held at 10:00 on May 20.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the question and answers it seems clear that The form president Petro POroshenko lost the Ukrainian election. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Many companies are leaving China so that they will be more competitive for USA buyers.\n\nQ1: Are companies leaving China so that they will be more competitive for USA buyers?\nA1: There is no evidence that this is the case. Few experts thought the two countries would go to the brink like this, and a survey of member companies by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce found that only 6 percent would consider relocating their business because of tariffs.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: From the question and answer pair it seems that a minor percentage of companies are leaving China. Therefore the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: King Mswati III, Africa's last absolute monarch who has 14 wives, has ordered men to have at least two marriages or face jail.\n\nQ1: What has Swaziland King Mswati said about the claim?\nA1: Swaziland King Mswati denies ordering men to marry more wives",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Denied by King Mswati.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: U.S Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez says 'trucks are killing America'.\n\nQ1: Rep. Did Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Say Trucks Are Killing America?\nA1: Articles from Blair's sites frequently get copied by \"real\" fake news sites who omit the satire disclaimer and other hints the stories are fake. One of the most persistent networks of such sites is run by a man from Pakistan named Kashif Shahzad Khokhar (aka \"DashiKashi\") who has spammed hundreds of such stolen stories into conservative and right-wing Facebook pages in order to profit from the ad revenue.\n\nWhen fact checkers point this out to the people liking and sharing these copycat stories some of them get mad at the fact checkers instead of directing their anger at the foreign spammers or the liberal satire writers. Others send a polite \"thank you\" note, which is much appreciated.\n\nQ2: Who are the source and publishers of this claim ?\nA2: BustaTroll.org is a subsidiary of the “America’s Last Line of Defense” network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery, or as Snopes called it before they lost their war on satire: Junk News, which means what they post are mainly false.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: QA pair shows that the article was published by a satirical website \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: NASA spent more than $165 million over 10 years to develop a pen that writes in zero gravity, upside down and in extreme temperatures while the Russians used a pencil instead.\n\nQ1: Did NASA spend millions on writing pens to be used in space?\nA1: The pens never cost a lot of money and were not developed by wasteful bureaucrats or overactive NASA engineers\n\nQ2: Did Russia use pencils aboard their early space flights?\nA2: The crafty Russians used a pencil.\n\nQ3: What is the Fisher's Space Pen?\nA3: In 1953 Paul Fisher invented the \"Universal Refill\" which could be used in most pens. Not content, Paul continued to work on making a better refill. After much experimentation he perfected a refill using thixotropic ink-semisolid until the shearing action of the rolling ball liquefied it-that would flow only when needed. The cartridge was pressurized with nitrogen so that it didn't rely on gravity to make it work. It was dependable in freezing cold and desert heat. It could also write underwater and upside down. The trick was to have the ink flow when you wanted it to, and not to flow the rest of the time, a problem Fisher solved. Fisher's development couldn't have come at a more opportune time. The space race was on, and the astronauts involved in the Mercury and Gemini missions had been using pencils to take notes in space since standard ball points did not work in zero gravity. The Fisher cartridge did work in the weightlessness of outer space and the astronauts, beginning with the October, 1968 Apollo 7 mission began using the Fisher AG-7 Space Pen and cartridge developed in 1966.\n\nQ4: Who created the Fisher Space Pen?\nA4: Company founder Paul Fisher patented a sealed, pressurised ink cartridge for the original anti-gravity pen in 1966.\n\nQ5: Does the Soviet Union use Fisher Space Pens?\nA5: The Soviet Union ordered 100 pens and 1,000 ink cartridges to use on their Soyuz space missions.\n\nQ6: How much did NASA originally spend on Fisher Space Pens in 1965?\nA6: They paid $4,382.50 or $128.89 per pencil.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The questions and answers show that NASA did not develop the pen and that astronauts up to then used pencils not just the Russian astronauts so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A change in US federal policy under the Trump administration,was responsible for a newly operational natural gas export terminal.\n\nQ1: When did Sempra Energy announce its plan to create an LNG export terminal?\nA1: SAN DIEGO, April 17, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- A Sempra Energy (NYSE: SRE) unit, Cameron LNG, today announced that the company has signed commercial development agreements with Mitsubishi Corporation (8058.TYO) and Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (8031.TYO) to develop and construct a natural gas liquefaction export facility at the site of Cameron LNG receipt terminal in Hackberry, La.\n\nQ2: When was Barack Obama in office?\nA2: Dates In Office: \nJanuary 20, 2009 to January 20, 2017\n\nQ3: When was the LNG export terminal approved?\nA3: On February 11, 2014, the Office of Fossil Energy of the Department of Energy\n(DOE/FE) issued Order No. 3391 to Cameron LNG, LLC (Cameron) pursuant to section 3(a) of\nthe Natural Gas Act (NGA)1 (Conditional Order or Order No. 3391).\n2\n In that order, DOE/FE\nconditionally granted Cameron’s Application3 for long-term, multi-contract authorization to\nexport domestically produced liquefied natural gas (LNG) by vessel to nations with which the\nUnited States has not entered into a free trade agreement providing for national treatment for\ntrade in natural gas (non-FTA nations).\n\nQ4: When did Donald Trump take office?\nA4: Donald Trump took the presidential oath of office on January 20, 2017.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answers show that the terminal was before Donald Trump was in office so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Liquefied natural gas exports in USA were in decline before Trump took office.\n\nQ1: How many LNG exporting projects does the USA have?\nA1: 4\n\nQ2: When as DOE approval given for these LNG export companies?\nA2: Sempra Jan 2012\n\nQ3: Was liquefied natural gas exports 'heading south' before Trump took office?\nA3: During Obamas administration - The U.S. extracted the most natural gas in at least seven decades last year and domestic energy production was the highest relative to demand since 1991, Energy Department data show.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The third Q&A shows that they were not in decline during Obama's presidency so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: More children in Scotland leave school without qualifications than 20 years ago.\n\nQ1: What can be considered as leaving school without qualifications in Scotland?\nA1: Scottish Government statistics use the SCQF level 3 as a measure of attainment. Anyone who leaves school without achieving this level can be broadly considered to have left without qualifications.\n\nQ2: What are the latest statistics on school leavers in Scotland not achieving any grades at SCQF level 3 or higher?\nA2: 2.2 per cent of school leavers attained no passes at SCQF Level 3 or better in 2017/18.\n\nQ3: What were the statistics on school leavers in Scotland not achieving any grades at SCQF level 3 or higher for 1999-2000?\nA3: 5.8\n\nQ4: What year had one of the lowest percentage of school leavers in Scotland who didn't earn any grades at SCQF level 3 or higher?\nA4: 1.5 per cent in 2012-2013.\n\nQ5: What has the Scotland Office said regarding the rise of students leaving school without any qualifications?\nA5: A Scotland Office spokesperson said: “The number of students leaving school without any qualifications is at its highest level since 2010 and at its highest ever level comparing years with the same qualifications”.\n\nQ6: How many children left school in Scotland in 2017/18?\nA6: 49,748\n\nQ7: What is 2.2% of 49,748?\nA7: 1,094\n\nQ8: How many children left school in Scotland in 1999/2000?\nA8: 60,134\n\nQ9: What is 5.8% of 60,134?\nA9: 3,487",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Refuted current figures show approximately 5.8% left with no qualification 20 years ago and currently only 2.2% leave with no qualifications.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Richmond was one of the only cities in the state that did not (increase) their real estate tax to those pre-recession rates.\n\nQ1: What was the Richmond real estate tax rate pre recession?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Were Richmond real estate taxes raised?\nA2: Real estate taxes were not raised but it was suggested - At a recent question-and-answer event called Mayorathon, Stoney said that behind-the-scenes negotiations with lawyers would last into the summer. Two weeks ago, he introduced a budget that must be balanced with an increase to the real-estate tax, from $1.20 to $1.29 per $100, and the creation of a cigarette tax of 50 cents a pack. City Council is studying the budget for the next six weeks.\n\nQ3: What state is Richmond in?\nA3: Virginia.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&A did not tackle the claim adequately. No answer could be found whether Richmond was one of the only cities in the state that did not (increase) their real estate tax to those pre-recession rates.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Caitlyn Jenner was \"pissed\" none of her kids wished her a happy mothers day.\n\nQ1: Who is Caitlin Jenner?\nA1: Caitlyn Jenner, formerly known as Bruce, was a gold medal-winning track star who set a world record in the decathlon at the 1976 Summer Olympics. As Bruce, he also appeared on the popular reality show 'Keeping Up with the Kardashians.’ In 2015, Jenner revealed that she is transgender and has become a woman, now known as Caitlyn.\n\nQ2: Does Caitlin Jenner have children?\nA2: Yes, because Caitlyn is the mother of 6 children, Burt, Brandon, Cassandra, Brody, Kendall and Kylie and step mother of four, Kourtney, Khloe, Kim and Rob and a host of grandkids.\n\nQ3: Has Caitlin Jenner openly expressed annoyance that none of her kids wished her happy mothers day?\nA3: No, because The claim came from a satire site, not a news site.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&As establish who this is and they they have children.\nThere is no Q&A to establish the source as a satire site although the source does have a small print disclaimer at the bottom of the article.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is no reason for the U.S. Consumer to pay the Tariffs, which take effect on China today. This has been proven recently when only 4 points were paid by the U.S., 21 points by China because China subsidizes product to such a large degree.\n\nQ1: What tariffs is Donald Trump talking about?\nA1: On September 24th 2018, the United States introduced import tariffs on a wide range of\nChinese products. The tariffs will affect US imports from China with a value that exceeds\nUSD 250 billion -around 50% of all imports\n\nQ2: What study is Trump quoting here?\nA2: Trump is quoting from a study by European economists that predicted that a 25-percentage-point increase in tariffs raises U.S. consumer prices on all affected Chinese products by only 4.5 percent on average, while the producer price of Chinese firms declines by 20.5 percent\n\nQ3: Is this backed up by other sources?\nA3: No, because The study was released in November, using previously released studies from the 1990s, not actual data on prices. But a paper published March 2, by three prominent U.S. economists, found exactly the opposite had happened when actual trade data was studied.",
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"content": "justification: Study quoted in question 3 says the opposite has happened.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US president Joe biden said \"This idea that the 1994 crime bill generated mass incarceration — it did not generate mass incarceration. If you go back and look, the black caucus supported the bill\"\n\nQ1: Did Joe Biden say \"This idea that the 1994 crime bill generated mass incarceration — it did not generate mass incarceration. If you go back and look, the black caucus supported the bill\"\nA1: Yes in Nashua New Hampshire in May of 2019",
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"content": "justification: This claim is supported. According to the QA pair, Joe Biden did allegedly say the claim during a speech in Nashua New Hampshire in May 2019.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Jailing parents was an unintended consequence of a 2010 state truancy law Kamala Harris sponsored.\n\nQ1: Were any parents jailed due to their child's Truancy in the USA?\nA1: Yes, because TAPPER: And people were thrown into jail under that law.\n\nHARRIS: Not by me.\n\nTAPPER: Not by you, but you supported the law",
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"content": "justification: Kamala sponsored the law and there were parents who had actually experienced the consequence of that law\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Barack Obama did not release his tax returns.\n\nQ1: Did Barack Obama release his tax returns during his 2008 presidential campaign?\nA1: Yes, because Obama released 7 years of tax returns in March 2008.\n\nQ2: Did Barack Obama publish his tax returns while in office?\nA2: Yes, because Obama published his tax returns for 2008 to 2015.",
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"content": "justification: Its clear from the Q&A's that Obama did release his tax returns, so the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Gombe state had a debt profile of N110 billion as at December 2018.\n\nQ1: What was Gombe State’s domestic debt as at December 31, 2018?\nA1: As at December 31, 2018, Gombe State’s domestic debt was N63,337,930,142.60\n(N63 billion)\n\nQ2: What was Gombe State’s external debt as at December 31, 2018?\nA2: Gombe State’s external debt was $37,406.069.57 ($37 million), which translates to N11,483,575,432.00\n(N11 billion).",
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"content": "justification: The external and internal debt do not add up to 110 billion \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kirsten Gillibrand in 2005 ran on Medicare for all.\n\nQ1: Was Medicare for all a feature of Kirsten Gillibrand's 2005 Campaign?\nA1: Yes she had a comprehensive Health Care Solutions Plan.",
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"content": "justification: Seems that she ran for the post. Therefore,the labels supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US have lost 500 Billion Dollars a year, for many years, on Crazy Trade with China.\n\nQ1: What is a trade deficit?\nA1: A trade deficit is a situation in which a country imports goods worth more than the value of the goods that it exports.\n\nQ2: What is the USA's trade deficit with China?\nA2: 2018 - $378 billion\n2017 - $308 billion\n2016 - $308 billion",
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"content": "justification: Deficit has been in the $300 billion range for three years. *source link broken.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Covi-19 fatality rate in Scotland is 13.9%, the same as in Italy.\n\nQ1: What percent of people who tested positive for covid 19 in Scotland then died?\nA1: 13,305 were positive\n1,847 patients who tested positive have die\n\nThe Math:\n100/13305x1847= 13.88%\n\nQ2: What percent of people who tested positive for covid 19 in Italy then died?\nA2: 14%",
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"content": "justification: The first QA pair has calculated the maths of how many patients in Scotland tested positive and then died comes to 13.9% which is the value as given in the claim, the 2nd QA doesnt suggests where the answer was found but likely from the original fact checking article as the source is set to Metadata but it says 14% and this is close enough to suggest the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: England is easing the lockdown.\n\nQ1: What date did England ease its May 2019 covid 19 Lockdown restrictions?\nA1: No earlier than 17th May",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the date of the claim it seems that lockdown easing has not started yet, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Prakash Javadekar, Human Resource and Development Minister of India, said, \"Cyclone Fani Was An Indicator Of A Modi Wave.\"\n\nQ1: Did Prakash Javadekar, Human Resource and Development Minister of India, say \"Cyclone Fani Was An Indicator Of A Modi Wave.\"?\nA1: No, because it is fake and was created by a a parody Twitter account of Asian News International (ANI).\n\nQ2: What is Parody?\nA2: So what if there was another you? Someone who looked like you, sounded like you – perhaps even funnier than you! How would you react? This is a parody account.\n\nWell Twitter has some pretty straight-forward rules about impersonating, in essence impersonation is a violation of the ‘Twitter rules’.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence shows it was fake from a parody account\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: China hurts U.S. farmers by not buying their produce.\n\nQ1: Why did China stop purchasing produce from the United States?\nA1: President Trump's initial round of tariffs led China to strike back and stop purchasing from the United States.\n\nQ2: What tariff did President Trump impose on China?\nA2: So far, the US has slapped tariffs on US$550 billion worth of Chinese products.\n\nQ3: How will U.S. farmers be affected by the tariffs imposed on China by the United States?\nA3: U.S. farmers and\nranchers have a strong interest in maintaining and\nexpanding export markets. Because of the broad scope of\nfarm products subject to the retaliatory tariffs from China\nand other countries and the importance of some of the\nmarkets involved, many farmers and ranchers are likely to\nexperience some negative effects, such as lost market\nopportunities and potentially lower prices for their products.\nWhile the Administration has released the trade aid package\nto mitigate short-term losses to farmers and ranchers, it is\nnot designed to address potential longer-term negative\nconsequences, such as lower commodity prices and reduced\nfarm income from lost export sales.",
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"content": "justification: According to the sources, because of the huge tariffs imposed on China by USA, China no longer buy the produce of US farmers \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden tried to cut Social Security and Medicare for decades. … Now Biden’s promising your benefits to illegal immigrants.\n\nQ1: Has Joe Biden made attempts to cut social security and Medicare?\nA1: Biden proposed a pause on all spending to help federal budget deficits. This was rejected and it was opposed by a majority of both parties.\n\nQ2: Did Biden promise other people's benefits to illegal immigrants?\nA2: No, because The executive actions would have an effect on social security, but it is calculated on an individual basis. Nobody would receive benefits until they were legal, as documented in the Homeland Security document - 'For \n2024, we estimate that the additional number of individuals receiving a benefit from Social \nSecurity as a result of the 2014 executive actions will be just 16,000, increasing the total number \nof beneficiaries by 0.02 percent. By 2050, we project the increase in beneficiaries due to the \nexecutive actions will rise to about 0.76 percent, and will decline thereafter as the affected \npopulations age.'\n\nQ3: Was there a recorded attempt by Biden to cut social security and medicare\nA3: In a day-long debate on the plan, opponents contended it would savage Reagan's military buildup, while proponents described it as Congress' \"last best chance,\" as Biden put it, to keep deficits from undermining the economic recovery and dropping the country into another recession.\n\nQ4: What was Biden's role when this one year freeze was proposed\nA4: The proposal, sponsored by Sens. Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa), Nancy Landon Kassebaum (R-Kan.), Joseph R. Biden Jr. (D-Del.) and Max Baucus (D-Mont.), had been viewed as the strongest threat to the Reagan-backed plan because of the dramatic simplicity of its across-the-board impact.\n\nQ5: Were there any exemptions in the proposed one year freezing\nA5: Unlike other so-called freeze proposals that included numerous exemptions, the freeze plan that was before the Senate yesterday was virtually free of loopholes.\n\nQ6: Can undocumented immigrants receive social benefits\nA6: The document suggests that as long people in the US contribute by paying taxes, they receive social security benefits only if they were documented",
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"content": "justification: The Joe Biden proposed bill was rejected and it was opposed by a majority of both parties. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ondo state’s monthly IGR has increased to over N1.5 billion.\n\nQ1: What is the definition of IGR?\nA1: Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) is revenues generated internally apart from subventions, allocation, and grants from Governments.\n\nQ2: What was the average monthly IGR of Ondo in 2015?\nA2: N842 million\n\nQ3: When did Ondo's monthly IGR increase to over N1.5 billion?\nA3: 2018",
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"content": "justification: The 3rd Q&A pair states that the monthly IGR of Ondo state did increase to the 1.5 billion shown in the claim, just the year before the claim date so supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US Suicides have risen by 30% in 15 years.\n\nQ1: What was the suicide rate in USA in 2004?\nA1: 11 per 100,000.\n\nQ2: What was the suicide rate in USA in 2019?\nA2: in 2018 it was 14.2 per 100,000.\n\nQ3: What was the suicide rate in USA in 2018?\nA3: in 2018 it was 14.2 per 100,000.\n\nQ4: In 2001, what was the suicide rate per 100,000 people in the United States?\nA4: A total of 10.7 suicides per 100,000\n\nQ5: In 2017, what was the suicide rate per 100,000 people in the United States?\nA5: A total of 14 suicides per 100,000\n\nQ6: When was the claim made?\nA6: 08/05/2019\n\nQ7: How much has the suicide death rate increased in the United States?\nA7: In 2016, nearly 45,000 Americans age 10 or older took their own lives -- a figure that reflects the unfortunate fact that suicide rates in the country have risen nearly 30 percent since 1999.",
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"content": "justification: suicide rate in the United States increased 35.2% from 10.4 per 100,000 in 2000 to 14.2 per 100,000 in 2018 according to the source provided\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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Subsets and Splits