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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Tokyo Olympics logo has been redesigned in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak.\n\nQ1: Does the 2020 Tokyo Olympics have a new logo\nA1: No, because There was a design by Daren Newman to support the idea of social distancing but was not made official",
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"content": "justification: It seems that the new logo was not amde official, therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A Dallas student celebrating Spring Break on South Padre Island collapsed from symptoms resembling coronavirus in March 2020\n\nQ1: Where did the claim originate?\nA1: originated from a prank fake-news generating website. Links to this website are not allowed on the Facebook platform. To circumvent the ban on the links to the site, a screenshot of the fictional story was posted\n\nQ2: What is known about the Fake News Generator website?\nA2: The Fake News Generator website allows people to write their own fake headlines and captions, select from some stock photos and choose a spoofed URL that will appear with the fake story.",
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"content": "justification: The answers show that the claim was created on a fake news site and so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Italy decided not to treat its elderly population with coronavirus.\n\nQ1: What is the official stance of the Italian government on this matter??\nA1: Allocation is a very complex and delicate choice,\" the choice to prioritize certain patients is \"not a value judgments but a way to provide extremely scarce resources to those who have the highest likelihood of survival and could enjoy the largest number of life-years saved.\"\n\nQ2: Were already scarce resources in favour of younger people over elderly people in Italy during covid?\nA2: It was only proposed that “It may become necessary to establish an age limit for access to intensive care.”\nand, \n- Those who are too old to have a high likelihood of recovery, or who have too low a number of “life-years” left even if they should survive, would be left to die.",
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"content": "justification: Their decision was based on chances of survival\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump cut funding to the CDC.\n\nQ1: Did Donald Trump cut the funding of the CDC\nA1: No, because He tried to do so but the Congress reinstated them",
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"content": "justification: The evidence suggests he tried, but failed. The question needs a time frame. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The H1N1 response \"was one of the worst on record. Our response is one of the best, with fast action of border closings & a 78% Approval Rating, the highest on record. His was lowest!\"\n\nQ1: What was Obama's response to the H1N1 pandemic?\nA1: Obama declared it a national emergency which allowed the federal government to temporarily waive or modify requirements of the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children's Health Insurance programs. It also permitted doctors and hospitals to bypass certain requirements as they responded to H1N1.\n\nQ2: What was the public approval rating for Trump's Covid response?\nA2: on February 3-16 2020 about three in four Americans said they are very (31%) or somewhat confident (46%) in the federal government's ability to handle an outbreak of the coronavirus.\n\nQ3: Was there any change to public's approval rating of Government's handling of coronavirus?\nA3: On 24-26 February 2020, the approval rating was 49%.\n\nQ4: What was the approval rating for H1N1 response?\nA4: 67%",
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"content": "justification: The questions draw out answers that clearly show the claim is fabricated, as well as the statistics. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump fired the Pandemic Response Team.\n\nQ1: Who was in charge of the Pandemic response team?\nA1: Rear Adm. R. Timothy Ziemer.\n\nQ2: What was Rear Adm. R. Timothy Ziemer role?\nA2: He was the Trump administration's senior director for global health security and biodefense at the National Security Council\n\nQ3: Did he vacate his position?\nA3: Yes The top White House official responsible for leading the U.S. response in the event of a deadly pandemic (Rear Adm. R. Timothy Ziemer ) has left the administration, and the global health security team he oversaw has been disbanded under a reorganization by national security adviser John Bolton.\n\nQ4: Was Rear Adm. R. Timothy Ziemer fired?\nA4: No answer could be found.\n\nQ5: Was the team Rear Adm. R. Timothy Ziemer ran disbanded?\nA5: Yes, because Disbanded in 2018",
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources do not tell me that Donald Trump fired the team so I cannot support or refute the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: \"Biden was in charge of the H1N1 Swine Flu epidemic which killed thousands of people.\"\n\nQ1: What was Bidens role at the time of the H1N1 virus?\nA1: Vice president to Barack Obama\n\nQ2: Did Joe Biden get mentioned in public statements at the time of the virus as being involved?\nA2: No, Obamas statements about H1N1 mention department heads and homeland security advisors, but not Biden.,",
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"content": "justification: Seems from the 2nd QAthst president Biden had nothing to do with the swine flu announcement, therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 came to the United States in 2019.\n\nQ1: When was the first confirmed COVID-19 case in the United States ?\nA1: On Jan. 15 2020, when the traveler to Wuhan who became the first known U.S. case returned to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, he took group transportation from the airport with other passengers, county officials have said. At the time, 41 people in Wuhan had been diagnosed with the novel coronavirus, so named for the crownlike spikes that help them invade cells, and Chinese officials said the threat of human-to-human transmission was low. A CDC notice advised Americans who’d been in Wuhan and felt sick to seek care.\n\nOn Jan. 17, the U.S. began checks of passengers from Wuhan at airports in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco.\n\nTwo days later, the recent arrival from Wuhan visited the urgent-care clinic in Snohomish County, Washington, and the intensive response began. In retrospect, it was already too late. Some researchers who’ve traced the viral genomes of patients around the world now believe someone else in the area picked it up between Jan. 15 and Jan. 19, before the traveler went to the hospital. He might have sneezed in the airport shuttle or on some surface—all but impossible for health workers to trace.\n\n“This virus is more contagious than the flu, so any sort of exposures before he got to the hospital would be certainly of high concern,” said George Diaz, who leads the infectious disease department at Providence, where the patient was treated.\n\nQ2: Who was the first first COVID-19 patient in the United States ?\nA2: The man who would become Patient Zero for the new coronavirus outbreak in the U.S. appeared to do everything right. He arrived Jan. 19 at an urgent-care clinic in a suburb north of Seattle with a slightly elevated temperature and a cough he’d developed soon after returning four days earlier from a visit with family in Wuhan, China. The 35-year-old had seen a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention alert about the virus and decided to get checked. He put on a mask in the waiting room. After learning about his travel, the clinic drew blood and took nasal and throat swabs, and called state and county health officials, who hustled the sample onto an overnight flight to the CDC lab in Atlanta. The patient was told to stay in isolation at home, and health officials checked on him the next morning.\n\nQ3: Where was the origin of the first COVID-19 virus case in the United States ?\nA3: After a US patient contracted novel coronavirus and left medical authorities no clues as to where it came from, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has begun sending out new testing guidance to health care workers, the top CDC official said Thursday.\nA patient in California who has cornonavirus didn't travel anywhere known to have the virus, the CDC announced Wednesday night. And the patient wasn't exposed to anyone known to be infected.\nThe patient is in serious condition, Rep. John Garamendi, who represents the district in California where the patient is from, told CNN's \"OutFront with Erin Burnett.",
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, the first known COVID-19 case in the US was on January 15th 2020. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Hand-washing with an ordinary soap protects against COVID-19.\n\nQ1: How can people protect themselves and others from catching covid 19?\nA1: - Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or clean them with alcohol-based hand rub.\n- Maintain at least 1 metre distance between you and people coughing or sneezing.\n- Avoid touching your face.\n- Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.\n- Stay home if you feel unwell.\n- Refrain from smoking and other activities that weaken the lungs.\n- Practice physical distancing by avoiding unnecessary travel and staying away from large groups of people.\n\nQ2: Do any health institutions advice soap as a hand wash to protect against Covid 19?\nA2: Yes, because The CDC states that,... The most reliable way to prevent infection from surfaces is to regularly wash hands with soap and water",
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"content": "justification: Confirmed by CDC In answer pair.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is no vaccine for tuberculosis.\n\nQ1: Is there a vaccine for tuberculosis?\nA1: BCG, or bacille Calmette-Guerin, is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Many foreign-born persons have been BCG-vaccinated. BCG is used in many countries with a high prevalence of TB to prevent childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary disease. However, BCG is not generally recommended for use in the United States because of the low risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the variable effectiveness of the vaccine against adult pulmonary TB, and the vaccine’s potential interference with tuberculin skin test reactivity. The BCG vaccine should be considered only for very select persons who meet specific criteria and in consultation with a TB expert.",
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"content": "justification: There is a clear vaccine which has been used for a long time. The source is reliable. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In South Florida “all children and adults must remain in their homes” due to coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Were children and adults banned from leaving their homes in South Florida because of the coronavirus\nA1: No, because The state government made laws to prevent excessive gatherings of more than 10 people",
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"content": "justification: The answer shows that excessive gatherings were prevented not people leaving their homes so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump called the COVID-19 outbreak a hoax by the democrats.\n\nQ1: Did Donald Trump refer to the coronavirus as the Democrats \"new hoax\"\nA1: Donald Trump held a rally in South Carolina on February 28, 2020, where he called the coronavirus or COVID-19 outbreak the Democrats’ “new hoax.”\n\nQ2: Was Donald Trump referring to the virus itself as a hoax when he made the statement\nA2: He insisted he was not describing the virus as a \"hoax\" but that he was referring to his belief that Democrats are using the outbreak to try to hurt him politically\n\nQ3: Was Donald Trump referring to the virus itself as a hoax when he made the statement ?\nA3: No, he was not describing the virus as a \"hoax\" but that he was referring to his belief that Democrats are using the outbreak to try to hurt him politically",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that the comment was taken out of context and that trump was not referring to Covid the virus being the hoax as is claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweet that his endless joy turned into endless grief after Devendra Fadnavis resigned as chief minister of Maharashtra on Tuesday\n\nQ1: Did Devendra Fadnavis resigne as chief minister of Maharashtra?\nA1: Yes, because Mr. Fadnavis tendered his resignation on Tuesday, November 26,\n\nQ2: Did Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweet that his endless joy turned into endless grief after Devendra Fadnavis resigned'' on the date of the claim?\nA2: The tweet was actually put out on 13 July 2016, where PM Modi condoles the death of Praful Bhai Doshi, a senior RSS Leader from Gujarat.\n\nQ3: Did Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweet anything in regards to the resignation of Devendra Fadnavis\nA3: Yes, because he had indeed posted a congratulatory message for Devendra Fadnavis and Ajit Pawar on November 23, after they were sworn in as CM and deputy CM of Maharashtra by the Governor BS Koshyari.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The old tweet has been falsely used to suggest it was for Devendra Fadnavis resignation. Therefore, the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump refused World Health Organization (WHO) tests.\n\nQ1: Did the U.S. refuse World Health Organization (WHO) tests?\nA1: Yes, because The United States did decline WHO tests.\n\nBy the end of February, the World Health Organization had shipped tests to nearly 60 countries.The United States was not among them.\n\nQ2: Why did the U.S. decline to use the WHO test?\nA2: Why the United States declined to use the WHO test, even temporarily as a bridge until the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention could produce its own test, remains a perplexing question and the key to the Trump administration’s failure to provide enough tests to identify the coronavirus infections before they could be passed on, according to POLITICO interviews with dozens of viral-disease experts, former officials and some officials within the administration’s health agencies.\n\nQ3: Who made the decision to decline WHO tests for the United States?\nA3: ...neither the CDC nor the coronavirus task force chaired by Vice President Mike Pence would say who made the decision to forgo the WHO test and instead begin a protracted process of producing an American test, one that got delayed by manufacturing problems, possible lab contamination and logistical delays.\n\nQ4: Why did the U.S. decline to use World Health Organization (WHO) tests?\nA4: Why the United States declined to use the WHO test, even temporarily as a bridge until the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention could produce its own test, remains a perplexing question and the key to the Trump administration’s failure to provide enough tests to identify the coronavirus infections before they could be passed on, according to POLITICO interviews with dozens of viral-disease experts, former officials and some officials within the administration’s health agencies.\n\nQ5: Who made the decision to decline World Health Organization (WHO) tests for the United States?\nA5: ...neither the CDC nor the coronavirus task force chaired by Vice President Mike Pence would say who made the decision to forgo the WHO test and instead begin a protracted process of producing an American test, one that got delayed by manufacturing problems, possible lab contamination and logistical delays.\n\nQ6: Who was the Head of the US government at the time of the claim?\nA6: Donald Trump,",
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"content": "justification: The sources clearly indicated that the United States declined to use the WHO test, even temporarily as a bridge until the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention could produce its own test.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump claimed to have been in frequent contact with American allies about Covid-19 restrictions, and to be marshalling the full power of the federal government and the private sector to protect the American people.\n\nQ1: Was the U.S. federal government involved in the U.S corona virus pandemic response?\nA1: Vice President Mike Pence, had control over the federal government’s response to the coronavirus pandemic.",
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"content": "justification: The question-answer pair completely unrelated to the claim. It is therefore impossible to deduce the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pandemics are cyclical and occur every 100 years\n\nQ1: When was the COVID-19 virus first detected?\nA1: COVID-19 is the disease caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. WHO first learned of this new virus on 31 December 2019, following a report of a cluster of cases of ‘viral pneumonia’ in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China.\n\nQ2: When did the Spanish 'flu pandemic start?\nA2: The 1918 H1N1 flu pandemic, sometimes referred to as the “Spanish flu,” ...\n\nQ3: When did the cholera pandemic start?\nA3: Cholera became a disease of global importance in 1817.\n\nQ4: When was the Black Death?\nA4: Black Death, pandemic that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351..\n\nQ5: How many 'flu pandemics were in the 20th century?\nA5: 1918 Pandemic (H1N1 virus)\n1957-1958 Pandemic (H2N2 virus)\n1968 Pandemic (H3N2 virus)\n2009 H1N1 Pandemic (H1N1pdm09 virus)",
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"content": "justification: Pandemics appear to occur more than very 100 years.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ancient medical herb drink Ayurvedic treats Covid-19\n\nQ1: Does Ancient medical herb drink treat Covid-19?\nA1: Ayurveda began in 800-1000 BC and the coronavirus was not discovered at the time,\" Dr. L. P. A. Karunathilake, a senior lecturer at the Colombo University Institute of Indigenous Medicine, told AFP by phone on March 16, 2020. \"Moreover, the novel coronavirus was found in 2019, so it is impossible to treat COVID-19 using an ancient Ayurveda medicine recipe.",
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"content": "justification: There is no known recipe to treat or cure COVID-19\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: During the 2009 swine flu outbreak, Biden made reckless comments unsupported by science & the experts. The Obama Admin had to clean up his mess & apologize for his ineptitude.\n\nQ1: What did Joe Biden say about swine flu in 2009?\nA1: \"I would tell members of my family -- and I have -- I wouldn't go anywhere in confined places now... when one person sneezes it goes all the way through the aircraft. I would not be, at this point, if they had another way of transportation, suggesting they ride the subway. So from my perspective, what it relates to is mitigation.\nIf you're out in the middle of a field and someone sneezes, that's one thing. If you're in a closed aircraft or a closed container, a closed car, a closed classroom, it's a different thing,\"\n\nQ2: How far does a sneeze travel in a passenger plane?\nA2: 50 feet.",
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"content": "justification: Answers do not include if an apology or clean up happened.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump claimed that taking early intense action, resulted in dramatically fewer cases of the virus in the United States than in Europe.\n\nQ1: When was the claim made\nA1: 12/03/2020",
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"content": "justification: There is not enough information from the question and answer to make a label. Therefore, it is labeled as not enough evidence\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Australian Gold Coast hospital staff roll in a Wilson volleyball to keep actor Tom Hanks company in quarantine.\n\nQ1: Is the Betoota Archive a satire site?\nA1: Yes, because Although there is no direct disclaimer on the website, the New York Times ran an article 'The Betoota Advocate, a Fake News Site Australians Really Love'\n\nQ2: Was the image with the article doctored?\nA2: Yes, because The original photo is from a New York Rangers Ice hockey game in 2015",
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"content": "justification: Article was posted on a satire sight and the image used in the article was doctored.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump claimed that he met with the leaders of health insurance industry, who agreed to waive all co-payments for coronavirus treatments.\n\nQ1: When was the claim made\nA1: 12/03/2020",
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"content": "justification: We only know the time stamp of the claim, but we do not know if Trump met with the leaders of health insurance industry, and they agreed to waive all co-payments for coronavirus treatments.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Some states are only getting 50 COVID-19 tests per day, and the Utah Jazz got 58.\n\nQ1: Why did the Utah Jazz get 58 COVID-19 Tests?\nA1: an NBA player began exhibiting symptoms, that figure was surpassed. The state of Oklahoma completed 58 COVID-19 tests within a matter of hours on Thursday, all to ensure that the virus didn’t spread any further than necessary.\n\nQ2: How did the Utah Jazz receive 58 COVID-19 tests?\nA2: Oklahoma officials were prepared with test kits, and 58 people from the Jazz or with connections to the Jazz were tested because it was a “public health decision” based on direct contact with the initial player – Rudy Gobert – who had tested positive, OKDH spokesperson Jamie Dukes said Friday.\n\nQ3: When was the claim made?\nA3: 12/03/2020\n\nQ4: How many people in the U.S. have been tested for COVID-19 as of March 12, 2020?\nA4: 7,617 people in total have been tested for the virus by state labs as of Thursday.\n\nQ5: Why are U.S. states not receiving more COVID-19 tests?\nA5: The rollout of a CDC-designed test kit to state and local labs has become a fiasco because it contained a faulty reagent. Labs around the country eager to test more suspected cases—and test them faster—have been unable to do so. No commercial or state labs have the approval to use their own tests.\n\nQ6: How many COVID-19 tests do U.S. states get per day?\nA6: On Tuesday, the 50 states cumulatively had tested only 2,728 people, meaning an average of 55 people tested per state.",
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"content": "justification: Utah started getting more tests because an NBA layer teted positive. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Coronavirus Vaccine has been created in Israel\n\nQ1: What does the World Health Organisation say about the creation of a coronavirus vaccine?\nA1: Many potential vaccines for COVID-19 are being studied, and several large clinical trials may report results later this year. If a vaccine is proven safe and effective, it must be approved by national regulators, manufactured, and distributed.\n\nQ2: We're the scientists in isreal working towards producing a vaccine\nA2: Yes, because In February 27 2020, a post was released saying the scientists were working on a vaccine but no reports has been released to know they were successful",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 2 Does show that at the time of the claim countries were working on a vaccine as claimed, But that none had been reported as a viable vaccine yet, but this Q&A is only dated around 2 weeks before the claim date so more evidence would be needed to see if a viable vaccine was created in that time period of a 2 weeks.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The places worst affected by Coronavirus cases are along the same Latitude 40° from left: France, Italy, Iran, Wuhan, South Korea, Japan, Seattle, Washington, New York.\n\nQ1: where are the places most affected by covid-19?\nA1: Alt News identified the most severely affected cities in the countries mentioned in the viral message using data from respective government websites.\n\nAs of March 13, data from Santé publique France, national public health agency, revealed that the Grand Est. an administrative region in northeastern France, had the highest number of cases reported.\n\nSimilarly, Bergamo, a city in the Lombardy region, is the worst affected as per Ministero della salute, Italy’s Ministry of Health.\n\nOn the same date, an infographic published by the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA), the official news agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran, illustrated the national capital Tehran as the most severely affected.\n\nQ2: How does latitude affect covid spread?\nA2: It seems that while area can affect the spread of covid (humid and high temperature), there is no current evidence on latitude playing a big factor. Therefore, the claim is refuted",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no correlation with latitude and covid and the countries in the claim so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tom Hanks has a Wilson volleyball to keep him company while he’s quarantined.\n\nQ1: Did Tom Hanks quarantine in Australia?\nA1: “Hello, folks. Rita and I are down here in Australia,” Mr. Hanks said in a statement. “We felt a bit tired, like we had colds, and some body aches. Rita had some chills that came and went. Slight fevers, too. To play things right, as is needed in the world right now, we were tested for the coronavirus, and were found to be positive\n\nQ2: Where did Tom Hanks contracted the coronavirus?\nA2: Hello, folks. Rita and I are down here in Australia,” the 63-year-old Hanks wrote in a statement via Instagram. “We felt a bit tired, like we had colds, and some body aches. Rita had some chills that came and went. Slight fevers too. To play things right, as is needed in the world right now, we were tested for the coronavirus, and were found to be positive.\n\nQ3: Did Tom Hanks' son, Chet, reached out to Him on phone ?\nA3: \"I just got off the phone with them. They both are fine. They’re not even that sick,\" he said. \"They’re not worried about it, they’re not tripping, but they’re going through the necessary health precautions, obviously.\n\nQ4: What Was Tom Hanks working on when he contracted coronavirus?\nA4: Hanks, who is with wife Rita Wilson in Australia preparing to work on Baz Luhrmann's Elvis Presley biopic (the actor is playing Elvis' manager, Colonel Tom Parker), wrote on Instagram that they'd both been suffering cold and flu-like symptoms and that they've now been tested positive for the virus.\n\nQ5: Where does the image of Tom Hanks with a Wilson volleyball at the hospital originate from?\nA5: The Betoota Advocate\n\nQ6: What type of news website is The Betoota Advocate?\nA6: satirical\n\nQ7: Has the image of Tom Hanks with a Wilson volleyball at the hospital been edited?\nA7: Yes, because You can clearly see the image has been edited, especially with Tom Hanks' body looking photo-shopped onto a hospital background. There is also pixelation surrounding Hanks' body, which is further confirmation that this image has been edited.",
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"content": "justification: Tom Hanks dojt have a Wilson volleyball rather the image was edited \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Republican Florida Rep. Ted Yoho said that black Americans should only get three-fifths of a vote.\n\nQ1: What is the claims origin\nA1: I originated from an article written by Newslo in 2014 which is now suspended\n\nQ2: What evidence Is there about Senator Yoho making the quote\nA2: there’s no evidence whatsoever that the Republican congressman said that. It appears that the meme’s creator was duped by a satirical website.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Originated from satire article.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tom Hanks has passed away at 63\n\nQ1: What was the date of the claim made?\nA1: 11/03/2020 - March 3rd 2020.\n\nQ2: Did Tom Hanks suffer with Covid?\nA2: Yes, around the time of the claim in March 2020 Tom Hanks and wife Rita Wilson tested positive for coronavirus (COVID-19). The actor announced both he and his wife both fell ill while traveling in Australia and were tested for the virus, with results returning positive for COVID-19.\n\nQ3: Is Tom Hanks still alive?\nA3: Yes, because Plenty of evidence exists to proove Tom Hanks is still alive after the date the original claim was made.\n\nOn April 11 2020, Hanks, hosted a special remote episode of \"Saturday Night Live.\"\n\nAnd in January 2021, Hanks, now 64, hosted an evening celebration of President Joe Biden’s inauguration.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Hanks has appeared in public and alive after the date of the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The first case of coronavirus in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, had been declared as of March 11, 2020.\n\nQ1: When was the claim made?\nA1: 11/03/2020\n\nQ2: As of the 11th of March 2020, has Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, declared any COVID-19 cases?\nA2: There were no confirmed COVID-19 cases in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin as of the 11th of March, 2020.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No cases on specified date of 11th March 2020 according to QA Pairs.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The public thinks disruption caused by protests is “completely unacceptable” by a ratio of five to one.\n\nQ1: What is the report the claim is referring to?\nA1: On 21 September 2020, the Home Secretary commissioned us to conduct\nan inspection into how effectively the police manage protests. This followed\nseveral protests, by groups including Extinction Rebellion, Black Lives Matter and\nmany others.\n\nQ2: Who conducted the research?\nA2: HMICFRS\n\nQ3: How does the HMICFRS describe its own findings?\nA3: As part of its inspection, HMICFRS found more than two thirds of people thought it was unacceptable for protests to involve violence or serious disruption to residents and businesses.\n\nHowever, the public’s views were more divided when protest caused only minor inconvenience to people locally, with little support for police use of force when protesters were not violent.\n\nQ4: What do the public think about the disruption caused by protests?\nA4: As part of its inspection, HMICFRS found more than two thirds of people thought it was unacceptable for protests to involve violence or serious disruption to residents and businesses.\n\nHowever, the public’s views were more divided when protest caused only minor inconvenience to people locally, with little support for police use of force when protesters were not violent.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Claim states 5 out of 6 but QA pairs state 2 out of 3 which mathematically is 4 out of 6. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: University of Johannesburg student Phindile hacked the system and gave herself distinctions.\n\nQ1: Has the University of Johannesburg system been hacked by a student?\nA1: No, because The University of Johannesburg has denied that a student hacked their system.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Publicly Denied by university via the source.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Drinking water regularly will kill COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Does Drinking water prevent covid-19 infection?\nA1: No, because While staying hydrated by drinking water is important for overall health, it does not prevent coronavirus infection.\n\nQ2: Where can Covid-19 enter and infect the human body?\nA2: eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and infect you.\n\nQ3: Can Covid-19 infect a person only through the mouth?\nA3: No, because No can enter through eyes, nose and mouth.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Being hydrated is good for overall health, but it does not kill the virus\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Whole of Italy goes into quarantine, In Italy, people must stay home except for work or emergencies\n\nQ1: What travel restrictions were in effect in Italy in March 2020?\nA1: \"Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte on Monday [9th March 2020] declared the entire country a \"red zone,\" meaning people should stay home except for work and emergencies.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that Italy did go into quarantine so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A study published in the journal Antiviral Research claims that coronavirus was \"genetically engineered for efficient spread in humans\"\n\nQ1: Did the Daily express publish a story saying A study's research paper says coronavirus was \"genetically engineered for efficient spread in humans'?\nA1: Yes, because They have since issued a correction stating that, ...The research paper did not amplify how the 'gain of function' for Coronavirus 2019 had occurred. It was therefore incorrect when our article claimed \"the paper suggested COVID-19 has been tampered with.\"\nWe are happy to set the record straight.\n\nQ2: What is ''genetic engineering'?\nA2: Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of one or more genes. Most often, a gene from another species is added to an organism's genome to give it a desired phenotype.\n\nQ3: Does the the study's paper make any mention of genetic engineering of the coronavirus?\nA3: The study itself makes absolutely no suggestion that the virus has been “genetically engineered”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The study itself makes absolutely no suggestion that the virus has been “genetically engineered”\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf mandated closures for schools and workplaces to curb the spread of coronavirus.\n\nQ1: What action did the state of Pennsylvania take up to 10th March 2020 in response to the novel coronavirus?\nA1: February 26, 2020—Pennsylvania activated its Department of Health’s Emergency Operations Center to allow for enhanced response coordination. \nMarch 5, 2020—State officials have updated their travel guidance for residents. Anyone who has arrived from China or Iran, and anyone who has returned from Italy or South Korea, within the last 14 days, are required to contact the public health department and practice social distancing for 14 days post travel. \nMarch 5, 2020—The state updated their interim guidance for healthcare professionals responding to potential coronavirus cases.\nMarch 7, 2020—Governor Wolf is coordinating with legislative leaders on a package that would aim to allocate resources towards supporting county and municipal health departments, secure equipment and personnel, disseminate public health messaging, and support care for the senior population and those most at risk for infection. \nMarch 10, 2020—The Department of Insurance issued a notice regarding preparedness plans and information for educating enrollees on their benefits for COIVD treatment and testing.\n\nQ2: Do any of these actions require schools or workplaces to close?\nA2: No.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The 2nd Q&A pair states that no mandates were made to close schools or workplaces as is claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Harry Potter actor Daniel Radcliffe has tested positive for the novel coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Did Daniel Radcliffe contracted The Novel Coronavirus?\nA1: Daniel Radcliffe hit out at false claims he had become the first celebrity to contract coronavirus on Tuesday, after a hoax report quickly spread across Twitter.\n\nThe Harry Potter star, 30, found himself at the centre of a social media storm after the bogus report was shared via fake BBC account @BBC NewsTonight.\n\n'BREAKING: Daniel Radcliffe tests positive for coronavirus,' the tweet in question read. 'The actor is said to be the first famous person to be publicly confirmed.'\n\nQ2: Where did the claim originate from?\nA2: The Twitter account @BBCNewsTonight spread the claim in a viral March 10 tweet that was later retweeted by multiple verified handles. Inspection of the account revealed it had no affiliation with the British outlet, despite closely resembling the verified BBC Breaking News account.\n\nThe handle, which lacked a blue verification check mark and had less than 200 followers, has since been suspended",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Refuted by representative of Daniel Radcliffe.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The coronavirus is spreading so fast that it will infect 70% of humanity in 2020.\n\nQ1: Did COVID 19 projections vary?\nA1: Yes, because Marc Lipsitch from Harvard University, who cautions that 40-70% of the world's population will become infected\n\nQ2: Were these projections based on the virus not being controlled?\nA2: Yes, because The coronavirus epidemic could spread to about two-thirds of the world’s population if it cannot be controlled, according to Hong Kong’s leading public health epidemiologist.\n\nQ3: What measures did countries introduce controls to stop the spread of COVID?\nA3: Towns and cities have been locked down and large gatherings banned.\nRestrictions have been imposed on travellers from hard-hit areas, such as China, Italy and Iran.\nMajor sporting events, carnivals and events have been postponed or cancelled.\n\nQ4: What was the world's estimated population in 2020?\nA4: Around 7.6 billion people",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QA pairs state this is the top estimate of how many could be infected and not a certainty they will with other QA pairs stating lower amounts.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: It took Barack Obama until October of 2009 to declare Swine Flu a National Health Emergency. It began in April of ’09 but Obama waited until 20,000 people in the US had been hospitalized & 1,000+ had died\n\nQ1: When did the swine flu outbreak begin in the US?\nA1: Swine flu began in April 2009.\n\nQ2: When was the first swine flu death in the US?\nA2: The first Swine flu death was reported in the US in April 28th 2009.\n\nQ3: When did The Obama administration, declare the swine flu a public health emergency?\nA3: The Obama administration declared swine flu a public health emergency on April 26, 2009\n\nQ4: When did The Obama administration declare swine flu a national emergency?\nA4: The Obama administration declared swine flu a national emergency in October of 2009.\n\nQ5: How many people had died of Swine Flu in the US by October 2009?\nA5: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: It was declared as a National Health Emergency much earlier.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden mistook Idaho for Iowa in visit to Boise fundraiser.\n\nQ1: Did Joe Biden mistake Idaho for Iowa in his visit to a Boise fundraiser?\nA1: No, because The claim comes from a confirmed satirical and parody news company, \"The Boise Times\".",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Q&A confirm the claim is from a satirical source, and are refutable.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Congressional Democrats in the U.S. are planning to halt Social Security payments in 2024.\n\nQ1: Where did the story originate?\nA1: Bustatroll.org\n\nQ2: What is known about Bustatroll.org ?\nA2: It is a satire news website.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Claim is satirical\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trade agreements like NAFTA and permanent normal trade relations with China, which forced American workers to compete against people making pennies an hour, has resulted in the loss of 160,000 jobs in Michigan.\n\nQ1: What were Michigan's job losses due to NAFTA?\nA1: As of 2010 Michigan's job losses due to NAFTA were estimated at 43,600.\n\nQ2: What were Michigan's job losses due to trade relations with China?\nA2: As of 2018 Michigan's job losses due to trade relations with China were estimated at 112,400.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answers confirm that there were roughly the amount of job losses in Michigan that is said in the claim. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 700,000 people died homeless on streets of England and Wales last year\n\nQ1: How many homeless people died in England & Wales in 2019?\nA1: There were an estimated 726 deaths of homeless people in England and Wales registered in 2018, which is the latest estimate available at 08/03/2020\n\nQ2: What definition of homeless was used in collating this estimate?\nA2: The definition of homelessness used in this release follows from what is available in death registrations data to identify affected individuals. Our statistics mainly include people sleeping rough or using emergency accommodation such as homeless shelters and direct access hostels, at or around the time of death. An upper age limit of 74 years is applied to avoid accidental inclusion of elderly people who died in some institutional settings. This means that a small number of genuine deaths of homeless people aged 75 years or over might have been excluded.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The number isnt even close to correct\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The novel coronavirus has been found in crawfish in Mobile, Alabama.\n\nQ1: Can coronovirus be transmitted through food?\nA1: No, because There is no evidence to support transmission of COVID-19 associated with food",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: No evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Massachusetts, Biden’s vote exceeded exit polling by 15%. That’s statistically a huge red flag that fraud occurred\n\nQ1: What was Biden's exit poll number in Massachusetts?\nA1: 34% of the voters showed support for Biden\n\nQ2: What was Biden's final vote number in Massachusetts after votes were counted?\nA2: Biden received 34% of the final votes.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The sources show that the vote did not exceed the exit polling so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Drinking water with lemon can prevent COVID-19\n\nQ1: Can drinking water with lemon prevent Covid-19?\nA1: WHO does not recommend self-medication with any medicines, including antibiotics, as a prevention or cure for COVID-19.\n\nQ2: What can be done to prevent catching Covid-19?\nA2: Stay safe by taking some simple precautions, such as physical distancing, wearing a mask, especially when distancing cannot be maintained, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds and close contact, regularly cleaning your hands, and coughing into a bent elbow or tissue. Check local advice where you live and work. Do it all!",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence to show this would prevent Covid-19, nor is it recommended by WHO.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Mexico does not have any cases of the novel coronavirus.\n\nQ1: At the date of this claim, did Mexico have any confirmed coronovirus cases?\nA1: Yes, because Mexico had at least 5 confirmed cases on march 6th, the day before this claim was made.\n\nQ2: How many covid cases did Mexico have in the week after this claim was made?\nA2: Mexico had at least 41 confirmed cases of coronovirus on MArch 15th.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There should have been a Q&A verifying the date of the claim, the the questions about confirmed cases on that date. The first Q&A circumvents this.\nThe second Q&A is superfluous.\n\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COLLOIDAL SILVER KILLS CORONAVIRUS\n\nQ1: What is Colloidal Silver?\nA1: Colloidal silver is a solution that consists of very small silver particles suspended in a liquid. A “colloid” is a liquid that evenly distributes certain particles within it.\n\nSome people take colloidal silver by mouth as a dietary supplement. Many internet-based sources claim that colloidal silver has a range of health benefits.\n\nHowever, there is little scientific evidence to support these claims, and ingesting silver may have mild to severe health consequences.\n\nQ2: What has the FDA said about Colloidal Silver?\nA2: In the Federal Register of October 15,\n1996 (61 FR 53685), FDA published a\nproposed rule to declare that all OTC\ndrug products containing colloidal\nsilver ingredients or silver salts are not\ngenerally recognized as safe and\neffective, and are new drugs and\nmisbranded within the meaning of\nsection 201(p) of the Federal Food,\nDrug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) (21\nU.S.C. 321(p)). Colloidal silver is a\nsuspension of silver particles in a\ncolloidal base. In recent years, colloidal\nsilver preparations of unknown\nformulation have been appearing in\nretail outlets. These products are labeled\nfor numerous disease conditions, many\nof which are serious diseases. The\ndosage form of these colloidal silver\nproducts is usually oral, but product\nlabeling also contains directions for\ntopical and, occasionally, intravenous\nuse.\nFDA has not approved a new drug\napplication (NDA) for any colloidal\nsilver product. None of the silver salts\nevaluated as part of FDA’s OTC drug\nreview was found to be generally\nrecognized as safe and effective for its\nintended use(s). FDA is not aware of any\nsubstantial scientific evidence that\nsupports the use of OTC colloidal silver\ningredients or silver salts for disease\nconditions.\n\nQ3: Is there any evidence of Colloidal silver curing coronavirus?\nA3: “There are no complementary products, such as colloidal silver or herbal remedies, that have been proven effective in preventing or treating this disease (COVID-19), and colloidal silver can have serious side effects,” Dr. Helene Langevin, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health director, said in a statement.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The FDA source shows that there is no evidence that colloidal silver is effective in the treatment of coronavirus. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Extensive research by Saint Luke’s Hospital of Kansas City in the U.S revealed that consuming alcoholic beverages may help reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, and that vodka is most recommended for drinking, cleaning and sanitizing.\n\nQ1: What is the advice for avoiding COVID 19 infection?\nA1: -Practice good hand hygiene\n-Wash for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the restroom, before eating, after blowing your nose or coughing.\n-If soap and water aren’t available, use a hand sanitizer with at least 60 percent alcohol\n-Avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home when you are sick\n-Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth\n-Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash\n-Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces using regular household cleaning spray or wipe\n\nQ2: Is Vodka a good sanitizer?\nA2: With its high alcohol content, and lack of smell, vodka makes a great disinfecting cleaner\n\nQ3: Have St Lukes hospital commented on this claim?\nA3: False reports are circulating that say drinking alcohol can reduce the risk of COVID-19. THIS IS NOT TRUE.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers show that the claim is refuted as consuming vodka would not reduce the risk.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tweets circulated from a twitter handle @dilawarshaik (with a Jazeera Correspondent profile Twitter account), giving an Anti-Hindu remark & screenshots of a tweet calling for \"butchering Hindus\"\nis not associated with Al Jazeera or The Wire\n\nQ1: Has Dilawar Shaikh ever worked for the Wire?\nA1: Siddarth Vardarjan (founding editor of the wire) said No one of this name has ever worked at The Wire.\n\nQ2: Have Al Jazeera commented on the tweet ?and does Dilawar Shaikh work for them?\nA2: Tweets are being circulated from a twitter handle @dilawarshaikh_. This is a spurious account and has no relation or affiliation to Al Jazeera. The Network doesn't have any journalist by the name of Dilawar Shaikh.,",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Non associated account person has never worked for them.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Anybody that needs a COVID-19 test can have a test. They are all set. They have them out there.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 06/03/2020\n\nQ2: Were covid-19 tests widely available at this time?\nA2: No, because They were available to state labs but needed prescribing by a doctor, not yet available to the public.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No tests for Covid 18 were available to the public at the time claimed\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: As of 6th March 2020 there is no coronavirus testing kit shortage in the United States, nor has there ever been prior to this date.\n\nQ1: Was there a shortage of Covid-19 tests in the USA as of March 6th 2020?\nA1: According to the Association of Public Health Laboratories on March 9th 2020 said that although things had improved since a week ago, “demand for testing is greater than the tests available.”",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: It seems from the Q&A that there was an issue with tests at this time and people were experiencing a shortage. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There have been no deaths from the novel coronavirus in South Africa (as of March 12, 2020)\n\nQ1: were there any death in the province as of march 12th\nA1: No, because there was no death and even the news of a family of 3 dying because of the virus was fake\n\nQ2: How many cases of Covid 19 had South Africa reported by March 12 2020?\nA2: A total of 17 positive covid cases as of March 12.\n\nQ3: When was South Africa's first confirmed covid death?\nA3: The first death from the disease was reported on 27 March 2020.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The first death from novel coronavirus in South Africa was reported on 27 March 2020.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Bernard Sanders, United States senator is a communist.\n\nQ1: Has Bernie Sanders ever addressed the claims that he is a communist?\nA1: Yes, because \"obviously, I am not a communist\"\n\"The difference between my socialism and Trump's socialism is, I believe the government should help working families, not billionaires. So I believe that health care is a human right. I believe we should raise the minimum wage to a living wage of $15 an hour. I believe, in fact, that the rich must start paying their fair share of taxes when you have massive levels of income and wealth inequality.\"\n\nQ2: What is communism?\nA2: political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of at least the major means of production (e.g., mines, mills, and factories) and the natural resources of a society. Communism is thus a form of socialism—a higher and more advanced form, according to its advocates. Exactly how communism differs from socialism has long been a matter of debate, but the distinction rests largely on the communists’ adherence to the revolutionary socialism of Karl Marx.\n\nQ3: What is socialism?\nA3: social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources. According to the socialist view, individuals do not live or work in isolation but live in cooperation with one another.\n\nQ4: What is democratic socialism?\nA4: political ideology that supports the establishment of a democratically run and decentralized form of socialist economy. Modern democratic socialists vary widely in their views of how a proper socialist economy should function, but all share the goal of abolishing capitalism rather than improving it through state regulation (as preferred by social democrats). They also prioritize democracy as an end over democracy as a means, and some democratic socialists see revolution as an acceptable method of achieving the democracy they desire.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Sanders has addressed the claim saying he is not.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US has many health care plans which are 60 to 65 percent less expensive than Obamacare.\n\nQ1: Does the US have health care plans other than Obamacare?\nA1: Yes, because In the Affordable Care Act marketplace\n\nQ2: Are these alternative health care plans governed?\nA2: Yes, because The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) [1] added title XXVII to the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act), part 7 to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), and Chapter 100 to the Internal Revenue Code (the Code), providing portability and nondiscrimination rules with respect to health coverage. These provisions of the PHS Act, ERISA, and the Code were later augmented by other laws, including the Mental Health Parity Act of 1996,[2] the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008,[3] the Newborns' and Mothers' Health Protection Act,[4] the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act,[5] the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008,[6] the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009,[7] Michelle's Law,[8] and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (PPACA).[9]\n\nQ3: Are these alternative health care plans cheaper than Obamacare?\nA3: Estimating the actuarial value of such products is challenging because the scope of coverage is so varied and\nbecause coverage generally completely excludes services\nfor any preexisting condition",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers and sources show there are many different health care plans but they do not have any evidence to say they are cheaper so the claim can not be supported or refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kim Jong Un, Supreme Leader of North Korea, rejected calls from the Obama administration\n\nQ1: Did Obama's administration make calls to the North Korean President, Kim Jong Un\nA1: Several Obama administration officials promptly and vehemently contradicted Trump’s account.\n\n“At the risk of stating the obvious, this is horse-sh*t,” tweeted Susan Rice, who served as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations from 2009 to 2013 and as Obama’s national security adviser from 2013 to 2017.\n\n“Yes. It’s horseshit,” added Gen. Michael Hayden, via Twitter. Hayden served as director of the CIA from 2006 to Feb. 12, 2009, shortly after Obama took office.\n\nBen Rhodes, former deputy national security adviser to Obama, added his voice on Twitter as well: “Trump is lying. I was there for all 8 years. Obama never sought a meeting with Kim Jong Un. Foreign policy isn’t reality television it’s reality.”\n\nRhodes told CNN that Obama “never even considered” seeking a meeting with Kim. “There’s no mystery here: It’s just a lie with no supporting evidence and no basis in anything. It’s not even an exaggeration, it’s just not true.”\n\nAnd on CNN’s “State of the Union,” James Clapper, who served as director of national intelligence for most of Obama’s presidency, said he was puzzled by Trump’s claim. “In all the deliberations that I have participated in on North Korea during the Obama administration, I can recall no instance whatever where President Obama ever indicated any interest whatsoever in meeting with the — Chairman Kim,” Clapper said.\n\nWe reached out to the Trump press office, but it did not provide any further information.\n\nIt’s true that during a debate in the run-up to the 2008 presidential election, Obama famously said that he would be willing to meet with leaders in North Korea and other enemy nations without any preconditions.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers show that this isn't true\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Hunter Biden was paid $3 million plus $183,000 a month to be a board member of a company that a lot of people said was corrupt.\n\nQ1: What company is Hunter Biden a member of the board\nA1: Burisma Holdings, Ukraine’s largest private gas producer, has expanded its Board of Directors by bringing on Mr. R\nHunter Biden as a new director.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: This claim does not have enough evidence. The QA pair only answers what supposed board Hunter Biden was part of. Corruption allegations in the claim are not examined further in the QA pairs. Therefore, there is not enough evidence for the claim. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Hunter Biden was unemployed when he joined the board of Burisma Holdings in 2014.\n\nQ1: Where did Hunter Biden work before he joined Burisma Holdings in 2014\nA1: He was a former counsel to Boies, Schiller and Flexner law firm in New York",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The claim states that a 'hunter biden' was unempoyed before a job he took in 2014, however the only Q&A pair does refute this by showing at least 3 jobs he had before taking this position in 2014\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Hunter Biden left China with a $1.5 billion for a fund.\n\nQ1: What fund did Hunter Biden create with Jonathan Li and Devon Archer in 2013?\nA1: In 2012, Archer and Hunter talked to Jonathan Li, who ran a Chinese private-equity fund, Bohai Capital, about becoming partners in a new company that would invest Chinese capital—and, potentially, capital from other countries—in companies outside China. In June, 2013, Li, Archer, and other business partners signed a memorandum of understanding to create the fund, which they named BHR Partners.\n\nQ2: Did Hunter Biden have an equity stake in BHR Partners whilst his father Vice-President Joe Biden was in office?\nA2: No, because Hunter became an unpaid member of BHR’s board but did not take an equity stake in BHR Partners until after his father left the White House.\n\nQ3: Did Hunter Biden obtain $1.5 billion after a successful deal with Bank of China for his fund BHR Partners?\nA3: No, because According to a Wall Street Journal article on July 10th 2014, it was reported that BHR Partners were \"aiming to raise about $1.5 billion to invest abroad\". This was only an aim for the fund, not a confirmed number.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers show that Hunter Biden did not have that amount of money, it was a proposed amount so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US illegal immigration numbers have been down for the past nine or 10 months.\n\nQ1: When was the claim made\nA1: 05/03/2020\n\nQ2: What was the number of apprehensions on the US-Mexico border in 2019\nA2: 851,508\n\nQ3: What was the number of apprehensions on the US-Mexico border in 2018\nA3: 396,579\n\nQ4: Were there policies in place by the Trump administration to reduce the number of aliens entering America from the Mexican ports illegally\nA4: Yes, because The Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) are a U.S. Government action whereby certain foreign individuals entering or seeking admission to the U.S. from Mexico – illegally or without proper documentation – may be returned to Mexico and wait outside of the U.S. for the duration of their immigration proceedings, where Mexico will provide them with all appropriate humanitarian protections for the duration of their stay\n\nQ5: Are the increased number of apprehensions relatable to lesser number of illegal immigrants into the United States\nA5: Yes, because The higher apprehensions resulted in expulsion of illegal immigrants back to their country and therefore a decrease in the number of admitted immigrants which resulted in lower overall values of aliens in the country\n\nQ6: Does the claim refer to Southwest border apprehensions when it is talking about illegal immigration?\nA6: From the context of the article when there is talk of illegal immigration in US politics it is generally referring to migration across the US/Mexico border. So in that context it is OK to conflate the two",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The higher apprehensions resulted in expulsion of illegal immigrants back to their country and therefore a decrease in the number of admitted immigrants which resulted in lower overall values of aliens in the country\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The restrictions that Donald Trump placed on travel to and from China, saved a lot of lives, probably hundreds of thousands by early April 2020.\n\nQ1: Do travel bans stop covid from spreading?\nA1: Not only are travel bans likely to be ineffective with a disease like the novel coronavirus, but there are also likely to be widespread economic, social, and public health impacts from the ban.\n\nQ2: Do travel bans stop viruses from spreading?\nA2: evidence from previous health crises demonstrates that travel bans don’t work, and may even be more harmful than the problem they intend to address.\n\nQ3: Any evidence that travel bans could have saved hundreds of thousands of lives during covid?\nA3: Not only are travel bans likely to be ineffective with a disease like the novel coronavirus, but there are also likely to be widespread economic, social, and public health impacts from the ban.\"\n\nQ4: Any reports on how restrictive a travel ban needs to be to work?\nA4: travel bans have to be highly restrictive (i.e. discontinuation of over 90% of air travel) to have any impact.\n\nQ5: How restrictive was trumps travel ban?\nA5: His ban only applied to no refugee admissions for 120 days, and blocked citizens of only seven countries from entering the US for at least 90 days",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Travel bans don't prevent the spread of viruses. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump closed the borders to China and other badly affected areas and closed them down very early against the advice of most people.\n\nQ1: At the time of Trump's claim, had the US closed borders?\nA1: The US had closed borders to foreign nationals from China and Iran.\n\nQ2: Was this against the advice of his advisers and health officals?\nA2: No, because The travel restrictions were recommended by career health officials\n\nQ3: Did the restrictions apply to American citizens travelling to the US from other countries or the immediate families of american citizens?\nA3: No, because They were subject to screening but not restricted from entering the US.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Trump closed the borders based on the recommendation from career health officials\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Children can’t get COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Have there been confirmed cases of COVID-19 in children?\nA1: Yes, because There has been confirmed cases of COVID-19 in children. The 'A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster' focuses on two asymptomatic children (patients 5 and 6).\n\nQ2: Is COVID-19 less likely to be seen in children?\nA2: \"In 2% of reported cases, the #coronavirus is fatal, and the risk of death increases the older a patient is, and with underlying health conditions. \n\nWe see relatively few cases among children. More research is needed to understand why\"-@DrTedros #COVID19\n\nQ3: Do children get milder symptoms of COVID-19 than adults?\nA3: Compared to infected adults, the condition of infected children is significantly milder, with faster recovery, shorter virus shedding time and better prognosis. By far, only 2 critical cases have been reported, of which one was a child of 7 months old with congenital heart disease. The other patient was 13 months old with bilateral hydronephrosis and calculus of left kidney. Both cases progressed rapidly to respiratory failure after onset, requiring support of invasive mechanical ventilation. It demonstrates that children with underlying diseases are tended to progress to severe and critical cases, so we should pay high attention to such group and strengthen supervision for them.\n\nQ4: What constitutes a child?\nA4: children are under the age of 18\n\nQ5: Can those under 18 catch covid?\nA5: In China, 416 cases (1%) were aged nine years or younger early in the pandemic.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Children have had covid-19.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: We’ve gotten the highest poll numbers of anybody for handling a coronavirus outbreak.\n\nQ1: What percent did the Trump administration get in the polls?\nA1: In the Gallup poll referred to by Mr Trump, 77 percent of respondents said they were confident in the government’s ability to handle a coronavirus outbreak.\n\nQ2: When was the Gallup Poll conducted?\nA2: In early February 2020, before deaths and community spread in the United States.\n\nQ3: Was this poll result higher than the past four outbreaks during a similar timeframe?\nA3: The result of 77% confidence, was higher than the past four outbreaks, but was taken too early in the outbreak, before community spread.\n\nQ4: Did Trump get the highest poll numbers of anybody for handling a coronavirus outbreak ?\nA4: Trump was referring to Gallup poll in which 77% of respondents said they were confident in the government’s ability to handle a coronavirus outbreak which was higher than in the past four outbreaks. But that poll was conducted in early February, before deaths and community spread were reported in the United States. So this claim is false as it was prior to the outbreak.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The claim has been found to be refuted, as Trump was referring to a Gallup poll in which 77% of respondents said they were confident in the government’s ability to handle a coronavirus outbreak, which was higher than in the past four outbreaks. However, that poll was conducted in early February, before deaths and community spread in the United States were reported. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: HHS has designated the coronavirus test as an essential health benefit. That means, by definition, it's covered in the private health insurance of every American, as well as covered by Medicare and Medicaid.\n\nQ1: Does Medicare cover the Corona test?\nA1: Yes, because Medicare Part B (Medical Insurance) covers a test to see if you have coronavirus (officially called coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19).\n\nQ2: Does Medicaid cover the corona test?\nA2: Yes, because “Our new code will help encourage doctors and laboratories to use these essential tests for patients who need them. At the same time, we are providing critical information to our 130 million beneficiaries, many of whom are understandably wondering what will be covered when it comes to this virus. CMS will continue to devote every available resource to this effort, as we cooperate with other government agencies to keep the American people safe.”\n\nQ3: Is a corona test covered in the private health insurance of every American\nA3: Yes, because We are taking decisive action to help prevent the spread of this disease, to ensure that people have coverage for and access to needed testing, and to help patients who are infected receive the care and treatment they need.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The coronavirus test is confirmed to be covered by Medicare and Medicaid. It is also confirmed to be covered by private health insurance of every American. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: An employee of the Bojangles' fast food chicken restaurant placed a sign on a door banning customers who wear pro-Trump hats or shirts\n\nQ1: What did the Bojangles authority say in response to criticism of denying services to those wearing pro Trump gear\nA1: Bojangles official twitted \" An incident happened at our store near Bojangles' Coliseum earlier this week. A manager made a bad decision to close the dining room. We apologize. That manager is no longer employed by us. At a different store, a customer posted a sign that is not true. We welcome ALL customers\"\n\nQ2: What did an employee of Bojangles do\nA2: A Bojangles employee locked the dining room after the Trump rally because they were probably overwhelmed",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. Bojangles restaurant was closed after a Trump rally due to overwhelmed employees. This manager was then fired. Bojangles has stated that they welcome all customers. No incident took place regarding signage not allowing Trump supporters into their establishment. Therefore, the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Slowed Coronavirus testing was due to Obama-era regulations.\n\nQ1: When was Obama president of the U.S?\nA1: January 20, 2009 to January 20, 2017\n\nQ2: When was Covid first discovered in the U.S?\nA2: Around January 2020.\n\nQ3: What regulations apparently slowed down Covid testing at the start of the Pandemic?\nA3: In 2014, the FDA released “draft guidance” making the case for phasing in regulations over a period of years. The document can still be found on the FDA website, where every page is labeled: “Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Draft — Not for Implementation.”\n\nQ4: Were these Guidelines ever implemented?\nA4: No, because The document has every page is labeled: “Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Draft — Not for Implementation.”",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The 4th answer and source shows that the regulation was a draft and was not implemented so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Viral posts claim President Donald Trump received more votes in the California primary than the top two Democratic candidates combined.\n\nQ1: How many votes did Biden and Sanders combined get in the 2020 California primaries\nA1: They both combined for 1, 842, 471 votes\n\nQ2: How many votes did Trump get in the 2020 California Primaries s\nA2: He got 1, 486, 415 votes",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, Biden and Sanders (the top two democratic candidates) received a combined vote of 1,842,471. Donald Trump got 1,486,415 votes. Donald Trump's number of votes is lesser than Biden and Sanders. Therefore, the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Texas the Republican side gets 25 machines, the Democratic side gets 5 machines.\n\nQ1: Were there differences in the number of machines Republicans and Democrats had to vote on?\nA1: In some areas the number and set up machines caused delays. Every county was different. \n\nTravis and some other counties set up their machines to handle voters in either primary. But in Tarrant County, the two parties decided “over our strong objections” to devote machines to one primary or the other, but not both, said Tarrant County Judge Glen Whitley.\n\n\"We told them exactly what was going to happen and they still said they wanted it that way and what happened, happened,\" he said.\n\nThe county assigned 1,767 machines to the Republican primary and 1,015 to Democrats, with input from the county parties.\n\nHarris County also had dedicated machines, and Tamez-Robledo said it was frustrating to see Republicans come and go without delay as she continued to wait.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: I cannot determine whether there were any voting locations in Texas where there were more voting machines for Republicans than Democrats - the QA answer indicates this could be the case but does not provide specifics.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump claims that the Obama administration “didn’t do anything” about the 2009 pandemic.\n\nQ1: How Did Obama react to the 2009 H1N1 Flu Pandemic?\nA1: Obama declared a national emergency.\n\nQ2: How was the H1N1 Pandemic Dealt with?\nA2: The CDC Sequenced the virus, Created testing kits and the FDA Approved multiple vaccines.\n\nQ3: Which country does the claim refer to?\nA3: United states of America.\n\nQ4: What pandemic hit the US in 2009?\nA4: H1N1 influenza pandemic.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The Obama administration did declare a national emergency. The CDC sequenced the virus, created testing kits, and the FDA approved multiple vaccines. Therefore, the Obama administration did something about the influenza pandemic. Hence, the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The 3.4% mortality rate for Covid-19 as reported by WHO is false.\n\nQ1: What did WHO report about Covid-19 mortality rates?\nA1: Globally, about 3.4% of reported COVID-19 cases have died.\n\nQ2: Are there likely to be a lot of unreported cases of Covid-19?\nA2: Bruce Aylward, who led an international mission to China to learn about the virus and China’s response, said the specialists did not see evidence that a large number of mild cases of the novel disease called Covid-19 are evading detection.\n\nQ3: Is mortality rate a reliable measure?\nA3: To get a [true] rate, you need the deaths — which you can more reliably pick up — and you need cases, which you can less reliably pick up,” Lawrence Gostin, a global health law professor at Georgetown University.\n\nQ4: What wording did the WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus use when making the statement in the claim?\nA4: There is now a total of 90,893 reported cases of COVID-19 globally, and 3110 deaths.\n\nGlobally, about 3.4% of reported COVID-19 (the disease spread by the virus) cases have died.\n\nQ5: What was President Donald Trump's comment about the statement made by WHO director?\nA5: I think the 3.4 percent is really a false number.",
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"content": "justification: the report mortality rate is by WHO and there is no evidence here that is could be false\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Obama administration made a decision on testing and that turned out to be very detrimental to what we’re doing, and we undid that decision a few days ago.\n\nQ1: What testing method was the Obama administration trying to enact and was it finalized\nA1: The synthesis does not represent the formal position of FDA, nor is it enforceable. We hope to simply\nadvance the public discussion by providing a possible approach to spur further dialogue. This document\ndoes not represent a final version of the LDT draft guidance documents that were published in 2014.\n\nQ2: What was one of the causes of the high death rate in the US during COVID\nA2: The CDC developed its own test for the virus rather than employing a German-developed one used by the World Health Organization. But the CDC test was flawed, causing a deadly delay while scientists worked out the problem. The agency was not designed to produce tests at the scale needed to spot the infections as they silently spread through the population. Meanwhile the Food and Drug Administration was slow to approve tests made by private companies, says Caitlin Rivers, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.\n\nQ3: Did Obama administration made a decision on testing and that turned out to be very detrimental ?\nA3: No, there was no Obama rule, simply “guidance\" that was never acted on because Congress stepped in and decided it would craft the necessary legislation. So Trump's blaming Obama adminstration for its failure to quickly expand testing for coronavirus across the United States is incorrect.",
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"content": "justification: the answers says there was no rule, only guidance that was never even acted on. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Gargling with bleach is a cure for coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Is bleach effective against coronavirus?\nA1: Bleach solutions can be used for many non-porous surfaces and will be effective against coronaviruses when properly diluted.\n\nQ2: Is it safe to gargle with bleach?\nA2: Accidental ingestion of 1-2 mouthfuls can cause minor mouth and throat irritation, stomach upset and vomiting.\n\nQ3: Does garlgling with bleach cure coronavirus.\nA3: No evidence to suggest that it does.",
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"content": "justification: Common sense would tell most people that what the claim states would not be a safe thing to do regarding personal health, the Q and A pairs do also point out that the claim activity would be bad for health and not have the intended result.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There’s only one COVID-19 hot spot, and that’s in a nursing home.\n\nQ1: What is a disease hot spot\nA1: Hotspots have been variously described as areas of elevated incidence or prevalence, higher transmission efficiency or risk, or higher probability of disease emergence\n\nQ2: How many hot spots for COVID-19 in the US are there\nA2: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources do not show any evidence for or against the claim in regards to hot spots being in nursing homes.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Coronavirus has been discovered in rice bags.\n\nQ1: Has there been news reporting of coronavirus being found in bags of rice?\nA1: No, because There are no reports on this.\n\nQ2: Can COVID-19 be spread through food?\nA2: Currently there is no evidence to support transmission of COVID-19 associated with food.",
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, there has been no reports- nor evidence- surrounding the discovery of COVID-19 in rice bags. There is also no evidence to say that COVID-19 can even be transmitted through food. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the US, it costs almost $4,000 to get tested for COVID-19 without insurance.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 03/03/2020\n\nQ2: How much does it cost to get a COVID-19 test in the US as of March 3, 2020?\nA2: The coronavirus test itself shouldn’t generate a bill – for now – since the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is picking up the tab. That could change as more labs start running the test.\n\nBut the visit and other tests aren’t free. How much you’ll owe depends on several factors, including what insurance you have, where you seek treatment and what tests providers give you. For instance, those who haven’t satisfied their deductibles will likely be on the hook for more of the bill. Going to the emergency room is typically far more pricey than visiting your doctor or an urgent care clinic.\n\nQ3: How much does it cost to get tested for COVID-19 in the US without health insurance?\nA3: Trump administration is looking at providing hospitals with funding to care for the uninsured.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&A make it clear there was no charge for Covid tests at the time of the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The World Health Organisation (WHO) have advised people to use contactless payments instead of cash to reduce the risk of Covid-19 transmission.\n\nQ1: Have WHO issued a statement about this claim?\nA1: WHO did NOT say banknotes would transmit COVID-19, nor have we issued any warnings or statements about this,” Chaib said in an email. “We were asked if we thought banknotes could transmit COVID-19 and we said you should wash your hands after handling money, especially if handling or eating food.” Doing so is “good hygiene practice,” she added.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The World Health Organisation has denied the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Seven things that can kill COVID-19:\nUV\nTemperatures higher than 56 degrees celsius\nVentilated air \nChlorine disinfectants\nAlcohol 75%\nFrequently washed hands\nStrong human’s immunity system\n\nQ1: What is Covid-19?\nA1: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable respiratory disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus that causes illness in humans.\n\nQ2: What can kill a coronavirus?\nA2: Infection can be prevented by: Washing your hands regularly with\nsoap and water or alcohol-based\nhand rub. Wearing a face mask CORRECTLY, in addition to good hand hygiene practices and physical distancing can help prevent the spread of COVID-19 to others. To protect yourself and others, take the COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available to you.\n\nQ3: Can ultraviolet light kill coronavirus?\nA3: FACT: Ultra-violet (UV) lamps should NOT be used to disinfect hands or other areas of your skin\nUV radiation can cause skin irritation and damage your eyes.\n\nQ4: Can chlorine disinfectant kill coronavirus?\nA4: Spraying and introducing bleach or another disinfectant into your body WILL NOT protect you against COVID-19 and can be dangerous\nDo not under any circumstance spray or introduce bleach or any other disinfectant into your body. These substances can be poisonous if ingested and cause irritation and damage to your skin and eyes.\n\nBleach and disinfectant should be used carefully to disinfect surfaces only. Remember to keep chlorine (bleach) and other disinfectants out of reach of children.\n\nQ5: Can Temperatures higher than 56 degrees celsius kill coronavirus?\nA5: No answer could be found.\n\nQ6: What is COVID-19?\nA6: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable respiratory disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus that causes illness in humans.\n\nQ7: What can kill COVID-19?\nA7: Infection can be prevented by: Washing your hands regularly with\nsoap and water or alcohol-based\nhand rub. Wearing a face mask CORRECTLY, in addition to good hand hygiene practices and physical distancing can help prevent the spread of COVID-19 to others. To protect yourself and others, take the COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available to you.\n\nQ8: What information was released about SARS coronavirus in relation to temperature as an disinfectant?\nA8: For items such as spectacle frames and polarised spectacles that may come into contact with patients in the course of routine visits, steps must be taken to sanitise the contact surfaces after every use. Common disinfectants, such as alcohol, hypochlorite or heat (56 degrees centigrade for 15 minutes) are appropriate in such cases.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that neither of the listed chemicals are able to kill covid 19, therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United States is right now ranked by far No. 1 in the world for preparedness.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: MARCH 2, 2020\n\nQ2: What is the claim in reference to?\nA2: The federal response to the coronavirus outbreak.\n\nQ3: Who ranks countries based on its preparedness to a biological threat?\nA3: The Global Health Security (GHS) benchmarking of health security\nand related capabilities across 195 countries\n\nQ4: Was the U.S ranked Number wang by the global health index?\nA4: Yes, because Ranked no1. for PREVENTION OF THE\nEMERGENCE OR RELEASE\nOF PATHOGENS\n\nQ5: Did the global health Index state that the U.S was the best prepared for coronavirus?\nA5: It states that, 'No country is fully\nprepared for epidemics or pandemics, and every country has important gaps to address'\n\nQ6: which country is the most prepared country\nA6: The United States has the strongest measures in place and it came first with a score of 83.5, ahead of the United Kingdom with 77.9 and the Netherlands with 75.6. China was further down the ranking with a score of 48.2, placing it 51st.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Confirmed by all QA Pairs.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Treasury expects the UK economy to shrink by 4.9% under a Canada-style deal with the EU.\n\nQ1: What is expected to happen to the UK economy if they stay in the EU\nA1: According to the Economic impacts of Boris Johnson's Brexit Proposal, staying in the EU will affect the economy but not shrink the economy\n\nQ2: Why is it thought the UK Economy would shrink 4.9% under a Canada-style deal with the EU.\nA2: This seems to refer to government analysis which estimated that a hypothetical free-trade agreement (FTA) with the EU where we maintained tariff-free access but there were still non-tariff costs (such as regulatory barriers) would cost the UK between 4.9% and 6.7% of GDP growth after 15 years. \n\nthe government’s analysis said that “in all scenarios the economy would be expected to grow”, albeit slower than if we had not left the EU.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence finds this to be incorrect. The economy would not shrink under a Canada-style deal.\n\nThe government’s analysis said that \"in all scenarios, the economy would be expected to grow,\" albeit slower than if we had not left the EU.\n\nThe 4.9% is estimated from a hypothetical free-trade agreement (FTA) with the EU where we maintained tariff-free access but there were still non-tariff costs (such as regulatory barriers) that would cost the UK between 4.9% and 6.7% of GDP growth after 15 years.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United States is “actually screening fewer people (for the coronavirus than other countries) because we don't have appropriate testing.\"\n\nQ1: What caused the United States to lag behind other countries in the detection of the novel coronavirus\nA1: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lost valuable weeks that could have been used to track its possible spread in the United States because it insisted upon devising its own test\n\nQ2: Did the United States had a fewer diagnostic of people for coronavirus than other countries ?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: What contributed to the United States’ relatively low screening numbers ?\nA3: An error with the CDC’s early test kits",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&A pair show that they are behind because of their own testing kits so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 can cause permanent damage to a patient's lungs.\n\nQ1: Do people experience permanent lung damage after having Covid-19?\nA1: Early findings from a study into longer-term damage amongst patients recovering from COVID-19 suggest that the use of cutting-edge scanning techniques may detect previously unseen lung damage",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer simply doesn't answer the question.\nThe source appears to be a search result page and the answer has been lifted from there. There are links on this page that may have answered this question.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Coronavirus symptoms emerge only after the virus has entered a person’s bloodstream.\n\nQ1: What are the symptoms of COVID-19?\nA1: Fever or chills\nRunny or stuffy nose\nSore throat\nCough\nDifficulty breathing or shortness of breath \nNausea or diarrhea\nLoss or altered sense of taste/smell\n\nQ2: What are severe symptoms of COVID-19?\nA2: pneumonia and shortness of breath, respiratory failure, septic shock, and multi-organ failure.\n\nQ3: What causes respiratory symptoms that are typical of COVID-19?\nA3: Symptoms are caused when the body is exposed to the coronavirus which targets the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. The body attempts to fight it off, severe symptoms are caused by the body fighting more than neccessary.\n\nQ4: Can COVID-19 enter the bloodstream?\nA4: viruses can enter the blood stream, but symptoms will happen before that.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Coronavirus can enter bloodstream but symptoms appear before that\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US President Donald Trump hasn't allowed scientists to speak about the coronvirus.\n\nQ1: Are there any limitations on what US scientists can say to the media about coronavirus?\nA1: The White House moved on Thursday to tighten control of coronavirus messaging by government health officials and scientists, directing them to coordinate all statements and public appearances with the office of Vice President Mike Pence, according to several officials familiar with the new approach.\n\nQ2: Have US scientists been able to talk to the media about the Coronavirus?\nA2: Yes, because There are numerous examples on Dr. Fauci's page on the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, of him appearing in the media.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: both answers confirm Scientists have been able to speak.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: As of March 1st 2020 the U.S. Trump administration hadn't even prepared a Coronavirus test kit.\n\nQ1: Were you able to get a Covid test on March 1st?\nA1: Secretary of Health and Human services Azar said on March 1st - We're ramping up testing. You know, we now have 75,000 tests available out there in the United States. And over the next week that will expand radically on top of 75,000 tests available.\n\nQ2: Was there any other comments from the US government?\nA2: Anthony Fauci - FAUCI: The fact is, the tests are out there. There was a misstep early on with regard to the tests, namely a technical difficulty. But right now, about 1.1 million tests are out there now. They'll be an additional about 640,000 on let's say Monday. And then at least another 4 million, particularly now that we're engaging the private sector.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The sources show that there were tests and some people were tested but not many and so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Shands Hospital of Gainesville Florida confirmed its first case of coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Did Shands Hospital in Gainesville have any Covid-19 cases by March 1 2020?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Has Shands Hospital of Gainesville Florida confirmed any cases of Covid-19 on or before 1 March 2020?\nA2: No, because There is no evidence that Shands Hospital confirmed any Covid-19 cases on or before 1st March 2020.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Seems from the 2nd QA that no covid 19 cases were re order in the hospital. Therefore theclsimis refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pope Francis and two aides have tested positive for Coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Did Pope Francis have the coronavirus on 01/03/2020?\nA1: No, because Pope Francis on Sunday made his first public appearance in four days following what the Vatican has called a “slight indisposition” that forced him to cancel some audiences and activities.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The only Q&A pair states that the pope made an apperiance in public and tht the reason for not seeing him for four days was down to a 'slight indisposition,'\nIf Covid was responsible then he would have been self isolating.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Canadian Army was deployed in Montreal to keep the peace during the Covid-19 pandemic.\n\nQ1: Were the Canadian Army deployed in Montreal to keep the peace around March 2020?\nA1: The 2nd Canadian Army Division said on March 23, they were bringing back equipment that had been sent to another province for an exercise, and there is no link to Covid.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Answer confirms it was a logistics exercise and not covid related.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ash produced by a volcano eruption in the Philippines in January 2020 can prevent the COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Can volcanic ash kill viruses?\nA1: No, because There is no evidence that volcanic ash can kill a virus",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source do not give enough evidence. The source does not mention anything about volcanic ash and covid so I would need to see actual reports about the ash and covid before being able to make a judgement.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Florida Man Arrested For Robbery Using Cough As A Weapon\n\nQ1: Where was this claim published?\nA1: Danking News\n\nQ2: What is Danking News?\nA2: A satirical news website.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A pair point out the claim was from a satirical news platform.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US President Donald Trump called COVID-19 a hoax.\n\nQ1: Did US president Trump call COVID-19 a hoax?\nA1: No, because At a rally in South Carolina on Friday night, President Donald Trump said Democrats are trying to use the coronavirus to damage him—and called that “their new hoax.” He did not seem to be suggesting that the outbreak itself is a hoax but rather claimed that his critics are “politicizing” the situation to make him look bad.\n\nQ2: What has US president Trump described COVID-19 as?\nA2: US president Trump refers to the virus as a \"public health threat\".",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and source show that he mentioned the word hoax but it was about the criticism he has received not the pandemic so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: John Mahama presided over a decline in Ghana's economic growth for his four years in office, while Nana Akufo-Addo presided over higher economic growth in his first three years in office before the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nQ1: What was former President John Mahama’s annual GDP growth rate in the years 2013, 2014, and 2015?\nA1: 2013 - 7.3\n2014 - 4\n2015 - 3.9\n\nQ2: What is the average annual GDP growth rate in the years 2013, 2014, and 2015?\nA2: 5.07 average\n\nQ3: What was President Nana Akufo-Addo's annual GDP growth rate in the years 2017, 2018, and 2019?\nA3: 2017 - 8.1\n2018 - 6.3\n2019 - 6.5\n\nQ4: What is the average annual GDP growth rate in the years 2017, 2018, and 2019?\nA4: 6.97 average",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: 2017 - 8.1\n2018 - 6.3\n2019 - 6.5\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Drinking water every 15 minutes prevents being infected by the novel coronavirus, COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Does water prevent Covid19 infection?\nA1: No, because Refuted by WHO.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answer and source clearly refutes the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The first case of Covid19 reported in Australia was from the New South Wales town of Dubbo\n\nQ1: Where was Australia's first Covid 19 case found?\nA1: The first covid19 patient, a man from Wuhan, flew to Melbourne from Guandong on 19 January.\n\nQ2: Were there any cases of covid in Dubbo in February 2020?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The first covid-10 patient in Australia came from Wuhan and had arrived in Melbourne from Guandong.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The coronavirus outbreak is US Democrats new hoax.\n\nQ1: Who is claimed to have made this statement that the coronavirus outbreak is the US Democrats new hoax.?\nA1: US President Donald Trump\n\nQ2: At what occasion did President Trump make this comment?\nA2: Trump made the assertion during a rally in South Carolina, US.\n\nQ3: What was President Trump's reaction to this claim?\nA3: On April 13, the Trump campaign sued WJFW-NBC of Rhinelander, Wisconsin, US for defamation for running the ad.\n\nQ4: What did media quote President Trump as saying at the political rally?\nA4: President Donald Trump accused Democrats of \"politicizing\" the coronavirus, calling their criticism of how he has responded to the disease their \"new hoax.\"\n\nQ5: Did President Trump make this comment in speech made on February 28th 2020 in South Carolina?\nA5: No, because President Donald Trump accused Democrats of \"politicizing\" the coronavirus, calling their criticism of how he has responded to the disease their \"new hoax.\"",
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"content": "justification: QA Pair states Trump accused Democrats of \"politicizing\" the coronavirus, calling their criticism of how he has responded to the disease their \"new hoax.\" and not that the outbreak is a hoax in itself.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 38 Percent of Americans are avoiding Corona Beer because of the Coronavirus.\n\nQ1: What question did the survey ask from beer drinkers?\nA1: Would you buy Corona under any circumstances now? (38% of “beer-drinking Americans” said they would not.)\n\nQ2: Did the survey ask about stopping to drink Corona beer specifically due to the coronavirus pandemic?\nA2: The survey also asked: In light of the coronavirus, do you plan to stop drinking Corona? (4% who “usually drink Corona” said they planned to stop.)\n\nQ3: Of the 38% shown in the claim what percent of the people would normally drink corona beer and wouldn't now?\nA3: Only 4% of those who usually drink Corona would stop drinking it",
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"content": "justification: Study found it was only 4%\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Japan issued a health advisory listing drinking water as a prevention method for COVID-19.\n\nQ1: What are the prevention methods for COVID-19?\nA1: get vaccinated against COVID-19 – book vaccination appointments now\n\nmeet people outside if possible\n\nopen doors and windows to let in fresh air if meeting people inside\n\nlimit the number of people you meet and avoid crowded places\n\nwear a face covering when it's hard to stay away from other people – particularly indoors or in crowded places\n\nwash your hands with soap and water or use hand sanitiser regularly throughout the day\n\nQ2: Does drinking water prevent you from catching covid?\nA2: While staying hydrated by drinking water is important for overall health, it does not prevent coronavirus infection.\n\nQ3: Has Japan issued a health advisory listing drinking water as a prevention method for COVID-19?\nA3: No, because The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare has not listed drinking water as a prevention method for COVID-19.",
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"content": "justification: Refuted by QA pair.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Mike Pence moved decisively when confronted with a disturbing HIV outbreak in a rural Indiana county in 2014-15 when he was governor of the state.\n\nQ1: When did health authorities first notice an unusually high number of HIV cases in Scott County, Indiana during the outbreak in 2014-15?\nA1: November 2014\n\nQ2: After health authorities first noticed an unusually high number of HIV cases in Scott County, Indiana, how long did it take for Mike Pence to declare a public health emergency and authorize a needle exchange program for the county?\nA2: 4 months - the Governor of Indiana declared a public health emergency on March 26, 2015 after health authorities first noticed the unusually high number of HIV infections in November 2014.\n\nQ3: Could the scale of the HIV outbreak in Scott County, Indiana in 2014-15 have been reduced by an earlier public health response?\nA3: Yes, because Yale University researchers concluded that “an earlier public health response could have substantially reduced the total number of HIV infections.”",
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"content": "justification: Q1 is badly worded but can be understood.\nApart from that Q&As lead to the conclusion that the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Jaffrabad Shooter In Red T-Shirt Is Mumbai's Actor Anurag Mishra\n\nQ1: Who was identified and arrested for firing aimlessly to intimidate a policeman in Dehli's Jaffrabad area on February 24, 2020?\nA1: Shahrukh Mohammad is in police custody\n\nQ2: Where did Mumbai's Actor Anurag Mishra claim be on that date in writing to:\nMr. SHO\nPolice Station Sigra District Varanasito ?\nA2: (English Translation:)\n\nI am present in Varanasi till today,\n27th February\n\n(Full translation below)\n\nSubject: Regarding misuse of my photo and I.D on social media,\nDear Sir,\nI am\nAnurag\nMishra's\nson\nMr. Diwakar Mishra, my FACEBOOK I.D is Anurag D. Mishra,\nsome people from that I.D took my photo and the person who opened fire in Delhi during the riots\nis being promoted on social media by editing my photo. It is said that \"the person who\nfired the bullet Shahrukh was being told by the media, has been identified as Anurag\nMishra\" and many more posts like this are going viral on SOCIAL MEDIA using my name and\nphoto, While I left Mumbai with my production team for a program UP INTERNATIONAL\nFILM FESTIVAL on 17th February 2020 by Gorakhpur Express train number 15017 for Varanasi\nand landed at Bhadohi station on 19th February at 3 AM, after that on 20th Varanasi my\ncamp I got busy with the preparations for my program, and I am present in Varanasi till today,\n27th February. Whatever things are being spread, my life can also be in danger, so\nI request the police administration to kindly take the strictest action against those\nwho have tarnished my image and are\ndoing\nit.\nDate : 27/02/2020",
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"content": "justification: A different person was arrested and Anurag Mishra was elsewhere during the incident. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Holding your breathe for 10 seconds, without any discomfort or coughing, proves there is no infection in the lungs from COVID19\n\nQ1: Can you have Covid-10 without having any symptoms?\nA1: Yes. Most people with coronavirus have at least 1 symptom but it is possible to still be positive for Covid-19 without having any symptoms.\n\nQ2: Can you have Covid-19 if you have no coughing or discomfort?\nA2: yes. It is possible to have Covid-19 with no symptoms and no coughing or discomfort,\n\nQ3: Can you hold your breath for 10 seconds if you have Covid-19?\nA3: It is possible to have no symptoms but still be positive for Covid-19. Therefore if a person could hold their breath for ten seconds before contracting covid 19, it is possible that they would still be able to do so even with Covid 19.",
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"content": "justification: The answers show that you can have covid without having any symptoms so the claim is refuted as you may have it without coughing or discomfort.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Russian Academy of Sciences Takes Aim at Musk’s SpaceX Satellites\n\nQ1: What is the complaint made by the Russian Academy of Science against Musks SpaceX satelites?\nA1: Light From Elon Musk's Starlink Satellites Ruins Space Photos, Says Russian Government Agency.\n\nthe Russian academy's concerns are shared by colleagues from the European Space Agency and it will take them to the U.N.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: A complaint was made\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 3,500 tonnes of gold was discovered in a field in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.\n\nQ1: How much gold was discovered in Uttar Pradesh\nA1: As per GSI study,the probable conservative figure of gold which can be unearthed is estimated to be around 160 kgs and not 3350 tonnes as mentioned in media reports",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Geological Survey of India cite an estimate of 160 kgs, based on their survey, which is many orders of magnitude less than the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
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