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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Biden called Trump ‘xenophobic’ for restrictions on travel from China.\n\nQ1: Has Biden specifically called Trump xenophobic?\nA1: He has used the word once in replying to a Tweet from Trump:\n\"Stop the xenophobic fear-mongering. Be honest. Take responsibility. Do your job.\"\n\nQ2: When were the travel restrictions On people from China announced?\nA2: 31/01/2020\n\nQ3: Did Biden respond to the announcement?\nA3: His Tweet of 01/02/2020 said:\n\"We are in the midst of a crisis with the coronavirus. We need to lead the way with science — not Donald Trump’s record of hysteria, xenophobia, and fear-mongering. He is the worst possible person to lead our country through a global health emergency.\"",
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"content": "justification: He has stated Donald Trumps actions being xenophobic - but he didn't directly relate it to the restrictions on travel from China.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 70% of Coronavirus cases are found in Muslims.\n\nQ1: Are statistics available for coronavirus cases by religion?\nA1: No, because Cases reported by country.\n\nQ2: Can the identity of Coronavirus victims be revealed in India?\nA2: Authorities in Pune have warned of penal action against those who reveal the identity of patients testing positive for coronavirus on social media platforms.",
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"content": "justification: Statistics for Coronavirus victims are not listed by religion, only by country.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tea can cure COVID-19\n\nQ1: What components of tea are claimed to cure COVID-19?\nA1: methylxanthines, which are found in tea as well as coffee and chocolate.\n\nQ2: Which doctor is supposedly claiming that tea can cure covid-19?\nA2: Dr Li Wenliang, an eye specialist.\n\nQ3: Was Dr Li Wenliang researching the effect of tea on coronovirus?\nA3: No such news could be found on the CNN website nor in their Twitter handle for breaking news.",
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"content": "justification: There seems to be no evidence to back up this eye doctors claim, and so is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: China and Japan are free of SARS-COV-2.\n\nQ1: What is the date of this claim?\nA1: The claim was published on Facebook on March 26, 2020.\n\nQ2: What COVID-19 statistics for China were recorded on 26/03/2020?\nA2: Statistics on 26/03/2020:\n\nChina\nTotal confirmed cases 81961\nTotal confirmed new cases\n113\nTotal deaths\n3293\nTotal new deaths 6\n\nQ3: What COVID-19 statistics for Japan were recorded on 26/03/2020?\nA3: Statistics on 26/03/2020:\n\nJapan\nTotal confirmed cases\n1291\nTotal confirmed new cases\n98\nTotal deaths \n45\nTotal new deaths 2",
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"content": "justification: Both Japan and China have covid 19 cases therefore the label is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: No Democrats voted for the coronavirus stimulus measures.\n\nQ1: What is the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act?\nA1: This bill provides $8.3 billion in emergency funding for federal agencies to respond to the coronavirus outbreak.\n\nQ2: What was the outcome of the proposed Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act in the House of Representatives?\nA2: The bill passed.\n415 YEAS -2 NAYS.\n\nQ3: Which party did the two lawmakers who voted against the Act belong to?\nA3: Republican",
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"content": "justification: The answers show that democrats did vote for the measures so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Extinction Rebellion issued a flyer that reads: “Corona is the cure, humans are the disease” .\n\nQ1: Have extinction rebellion commented on this flyer and the account it was posted from ?\nA1: This account is not managed by Extinction Rebellion UK or Extinction Rebellion East Midlands, and these messages are in no way a representation of the principles and values held by the movement and so are not the movement. We are investigating this now.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers show that Extension Rebellion has denied the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: As prosecutor, Jill Karofsky Karofsky gave no jail time to a sexual predator who assaulted a 5-year-old girl.\n\nQ1: Was Karofsky involved in this case?\nA1: Yes but a year after the charges were reduced and the accused had no jail time already imposed.",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that the prosecutor was not involved with the case when the claim states they were so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Dr. Deborah Birx claimed that 40% of the USA had less than 200 cases combined of covid 19 on 26th of march 2020\n\nQ1: Which states had fewer than 200 COVID_19 cases at the time of this claim?\nA1: only 17 states — not 19 — had fewer than 200 cases as of March 26, when Birx made her remarks.\n\nQ2: What is the combined population of these states?\nA2: those 17 states have a combined population of 23,719,483, or just 7.2% of the total U.S. population of 328,239,523, according to 2019 population estimates by the Census Bureau.\n\nQ3: Did the 40% of the country refer to population or numerical proportion of states?\nA3: The numerical proportion of states - their combined population is only 7.2% of the US. So the figure is very misleading.",
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"content": "justification: The QA figures are very comprehensive but there is some confusion in the answers as to whether the claim refers to percentage of states, or percentage of population. The population figures are shown as 7.2% but the state figures are stated as 17 but the percentage (34%) is not actually shown. Either way it is less than 40% so refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Newborn baby advises people to eat boiled eggs during pandemic.\n\nQ1: Did a newborn baby suddenly speak and instructed people to eat boiled eggs amid the ongoing pandemic?\nA1: The clip shows a baby born in the North Sulawesi province with a mouth of an adult, edited to show it was talking and instructing people to “eat boiled eggs before midnight” to protect themselves from COVID-19.\n\nQ2: What did the baby say in the video\nA2: Mama Eggs Mama Eggs, don't forget at 12:00 midnight, mama, boiled eggs, don't forget, mama, boiled eggs, don't forget one person one mom\n\nQ3: Is there any scientific evidence to back the claim\nA3: Video of a baby talking about how boiled eggs can ward off the new corona virus that triggers the COVID-19 outbreak is confirmed to be a hoax. There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that eggs can ward off COVID-19.",
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"content": "justification: hoax\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Free Netflix Account for All\n\nQ1: Did Netflix offer a free account for anyone in March 2020?\nA1: No, because Netflix have previously offered 30 day free trials but this offer is no longer active.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence to support this claim and it is refuted by the question - answer pair.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Crab legs have been contaminated with the novel coronavirus\n\nQ1: Can Crabs carry the novel Coronavirus\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Can crustaceans carry the novel coronavirus\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Do crabs suffer viral infections\nA3: Yes, because More than 30 viruses have been reported in crabs, including those related to the known virus families Reoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Roniviridae and a group of Bacilliform enveloped nuclear viruses",
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"content": "justification: no evidence provided to support or refute.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Lemon and baking powder can cure coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Is there a known cure for Covid-19?\nA1: No, because The World Health Organisation does not list any on their website saying that there is no evident that current medicine can cure or prevent the disease.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer shows there is no known cure for covid\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Italy has apparently discovered that the microorganism which causes COVID-19 is a bacteria and not a Virus. This bacteria is responsible for blood clotting and hindering the transport of oxygen throughout the body.\n\nQ1: Is the microorganism which causes COVID-19 a bacteria and not a virus?\nA1: COVID-19 is the disease caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: answer refers to it as a virus and virus and bacteria are 2 different things.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Under order from Gov. Tony Evers, US Senator Duey Stroebel can't legally have dinner with his 8 children, during the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nQ1: Do Duey Stroebels Children live with him?\nA1: Not all of them.\n\nQ2: Does EMERGENCY ORDER #12\nSAFER AT HOME ORDER prohibit meeting other house holds?\nA2: Yes, All public and private gatherings of any number\nof people that are not part of a single household or living unit are\nprohibited",
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"content": "justification: The claim is supported by the answers but there is no question relating to whether Gov. Tony Evers had anything to do with the order. Therefore not enough questions were asked for me to support the claim fully.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: CNN published the news that Tea can cure Covid-19 patients as suggested by by China’s whistleblower doctor Li Wenliang.\n\nQ1: Does the official CNN website have a news story that states Dr Li Wenliang claims that tea can cure COVID-19 patients?\nA1: No, because A search on the CNN website for ‘Dr Li Wenliang tea’ did not find any results.",
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"content": "justification: There is no information in the source link to endorse the claim. It would have been helpful to know if the Facebook posting included a source for the comment.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Italy went against the WHO instruction of not performing autopsies on COVID-19 casualties.\n\nQ1: Did Italy disagree with WHO autopsies instruction on COVID-19 casualties.\nA1: Apart from suspect, probable, or confirmed COVID-19 cases, autopsies might be requested for patients not suspected to be SARS-Cov2 positive. Due to the high level of contagion in hospitals and in the general population, any corpse is regarded as potential source of infection. Therefore, for any autopsy, we recommend always to adopt the same biosafety measures as for confirmed COVID-19 cases. In addition, in cases of autopsies without apparent SARS-CoV-2 infection, we recommend (i) to discuss with the clinicians the reason why the post-mortem examination is requested; (ii) and if available, to perform nasal-oropharyngeal swabs on corpses within 2 h of death to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection to implement the safety measures [3].\n\nQ2: Did the WHO release guidelines to countries about preforming no autopsies for COVID-19 casualties?\nA2: No, because The guidelines did not say that autopsies should not be conducted.",
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"content": "justification: The WHO never said that autopsies should not be conducted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Dr Li Wenliang China's whistleblower doctor suggested tea can cure Covid-19 patients.\n\nQ1: Who is Dr Li Wenliang?\nA1: Li Wenliang (李文亮), MD, was an ophthalmologist in Wuhan, China, who warned several of his colleagues about the appearance of a new SARS-like virus in December 2019, at the very beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nQ2: Is there any evidence that Dr Li Wenliang suggested that drinking tea can cure COVID-19 patients?\nA2: No, because This false claim - shared on social media - refers to the Chinese doctor Li Wenliang, who was hailed a hero for his efforts to raise the alarm about the virus early on in Wuhan, and who later died of the disease.\n\nIt claims that in his case files, the doctor had documented evidence that substances commonly found in tea - known as methylxanthines - can decrease the impact of the virus.\n\nThe widely shared post also falsely claimed that hospitals in China were giving Covid-19 patients tea three times a day. It's true that methylxanthines are found in tea, as well as in coffee and chocolate.\n\nBut there's no evidence Dr Li Wenliang was researching their effect - he was an eye specialist, rather than an expert on viruses - nor that hospitals in China were treating Covid-19 by giving patients tea.\n\nQ3: Can Covid-19 be cured by drinking tea as claimed by China's Dr Li Wenliang ?\nA3: It is a fake news.\nWe checked out the CNN website, but could not find any such news. We searched their Twitter handle for breaking news, but no such thing was reported.\nWe found a report about China's whistleblower doctor on CNN but that article too does not talk about the medication he suggested nor does it talk about the utility of the chemical compounds of tea as claimed by social media users.\nHere's CNN Breaking News's Twitter handle.\nOn Google search too, we found no reports that support the claim. Also, there are no reports that doctors in China are serving tea to Covid-19 patients.\nWe found a news report by China Daily related to this topic.\nAccording to this report, researchers from the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention found through experiments that because of its chemical components, drinking tea could help prevent novel coronavirus infections.\nBut later the article was removed by the Zhejiang CDC on February 26, China Daily reported.\nOn checking FDA website it is found that tea is among the fraudelent product to cure Covid-19",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that there is no evidence of the Dr named in the claim said this, and then points out the FDA claims that drinking tea is amongst fraudulent claims about cures for Covid which is what the claim says drinking tea will cure.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There are 2 million illegal immigrants in the UK.\n\nQ1: What was the recent estimate of illegal Immigrants?\nA1: 1.2 million\n\nQ2: Who estimates the number of immigrants?\nA2: Office for National Statistics",
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"content": "justification: The claim is 2 million and answer pair states 1.2 million.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vaccines to cure Covid-19 are ready\n\nQ1: Was a Covid-19 vaccine available in March 2020?\nA1: No, because But until a proven treatment and vaccine are available to fight this pandemic, doctors and researchers will keep working at a fevered pitch.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The QAs and source links provide evidence that this information is not correct.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Under Trump, “coronavirus was declared a health emergency and public safety measures were in place before a single U.S. death occurred.\n\nQ1: When was the first death recorded in the US as a result of COVID-19\nA1: On February 29, 2020, the The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and public health officials in the state of Washington have reported three hospitalized patients who have tested presumptive-positive for the virus that causes COVID-19, including one patient who died.\n\nQ2: When did Trump declare COVID-19 a national emergency\nA2: On March 13, COVID-19 was declared a national emergency after 40 people had died",
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"content": "justification: Donald Trump did not declare a national emergency over coronavirus until March 13th 2020, at this point 40 people had died. The first death was recorded on February 29, 2020. So the claim is false and should be refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: People with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as COPD or Asthma will be given a “rescue pack” of medication from their general practitioners during the novel coronavirus pandemic.\n\nQ1: Are people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Asthma more at risk from the novel cornovirus?\nA1: Yes, because People with pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at greater risk for severe disease such as novel coronavirus, the WHO\n\nQ2: Are their COVID rescue packs for those who have pre-existing respiratory illnesses such as asthma or asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?\nA2: No, because There are no rescue packs available, unless previously prescribed. The World health organisation advised good hygiene and social distancing.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The WHO has not mentioned that any rescue packs will be available to people who are high risk for covid.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A zoology book authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta speaks of COVID-19 and the treatment for the disease has already been found.\n\nQ1: Does Dr Ramesh Gupta speak about Covid-19 in his zoology book?\nA1: Dr Ramesh Gupta mentions the common cold is caused by different types of viruses, with 75 percent of rhinoviruses including coronavirus - however he does not mention the strain of COVID-19.\n\nQ2: Does Dr Ramesh Gupta speak about COVID-19 treatment in his zoology book?\nA2: No, because Dr Ramesh Gupta mentions Aspirin, anti-histamine and nasal spray are beneficial for the treatment of the common cold not COVID-19.\n\nQ3: Is there a current cure for COVID-19?\nA3: No, because To date, there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral medicine to prevent or treat COVID-2019.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers below explain that the book mentions coronavirus but not the covid-19 strain so is clearly refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: French astrologer Nostradamus had predicted the outbreak of coronavirus in his book “Les Prophéties”.\n\nQ1: Does French astrologer Nostradamus mention 'Coronavirus' in his book “Les Prophéties”\nA1: Stéphane Gerson, professor of French studies and history at New York University said Nostradamus's Prophecies and other prognostications mention only Plagues.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: As per the findings of the Reuters fact checking article in the answer link, there appears to be no validation of this claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Everyone is required to wear a mask everywhere at all times because of COVID-19.\n\nQ1: What did the U.S Centers for Disease control and prevention have to say about mask wearing?\nA1: CDC recommends that people wear masks in public settings, at events and gatherings, and anywhere they will be around other people",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that the CDC did not say that a mask has to be worn everywhere at all times so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Neem leaves can cure the novel coronavirus and relieve its symptoms.\n\nQ1: What are neem leaves?\nA1: Neem leaves are medium to large in size and elongated to oblong in shape, averaging 20-40 centimeters in length. The vibrant green leaves are smooth and glossy with sharp, serrated edges. Neem leaves grow on the branches of neem trees in groups of two, and each branch produces around eight groupings. Neem leaves are extremely bitter and have a grassy taste and aroma when torn. Neem trees also grow white, fragrant flowers and yellow, olive-like fruit that has a bittersweet pulp.\n\nQ2: Do neem leaves offer any medicinal properties?\nA2: the best-established and most widely recognized uses are based on its merits as a general antiseptic. Neem preparations are reportedly efficacious against a variety of skin diseases, septic sores, and infected burns. The leaves, applied in the form of poultices or decoctions, are also recommended for boils, ulcers, and eczema.\n\nQ3: Do neem leaves offer any uses in the treatment or cure of Covid 19?\nA3: The attached Malay-language infographic translates to English as:\n“The usage of neem leaves for COVID-19 outbreak\n\n“Myths \n- Traditionally, neem leaves are used for various fever and infections; \n- Can be used on humans to treat COVID-19 outbreak; \n- Can stimulate immune cells or the body’s self-defense; \n- No side effects and safe for usage.\n\n“Facts \n- No clear record on required dosage; \n- For now, there are only studies on cells (in vitro) and animals (in vivo) that have been carried on the hepatitis C virus, dengue and polio. There is no study on the coronavirus that causes COVID-19;\n- No studies on the effectiveness on the human’s immune system except study on cells (in-vitro) that focuses on the bacteria and not virus;\n- Safety data concerning all parts of the plant shows: \nAdults: May be safe if taken in a short period of time and in low dosage quantity; \nChildren: Not safe because can cause seizures, vomiting, coma, loss of consciousness and can cause death;\nPregnant women: Can cause miscarriage”.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the evidence below, it looks like Neem leaves cannot cure the COVID-19 virus or relieve its symptoms. Neem leaves can be used to treat skin conditions like eczema.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tom Hanks passes away after confessing his admiration for President Trump\n\nQ1: Did Tom Hanks pass away while confessing admiration for Trump ?\nA1: No, that's not true: The story is a hoax from a satirical website that features \"death hoaxes for your thoughts and prayers.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that the whole claim is a hoax form a satirical website that features death hoaxes.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A zoology book authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta speaks of COVID-19 and Coronavirus can be cured with aspirin, antihistamines and nasal spray.\n\nQ1: Does the book The book titled Modern Zoology is authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta mention coronavirus?\nA1: Yes, because The book does mention Coronavirus.\n\nQ2: Is Covid the only coronavirus?\nA2: No, because Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds.\n\nQ3: Could the coronavirus that causes Covid be cured (at time of claim) with aspirin?\nA3: There is a clear rationale for believing that it might be beneficial and it is safe,\n\nQ4: Is treatment the same as a cure?\nA4: A cure is when a treatment makes a health problem go away permantly.\n\nQ5: Did zoology book authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta speaks of COVID-19 and Coronavirus can be cured with aspirin, antihistamines and nasal spray ?\nA5: No, The section in question described the common cold and not the novel coronavirus, as claimed in the WhatsApp forward.",
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"content": "justification: The claim is in relation to cold and not Covid-19 as per QA Pair.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A zoology book authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta speaks of COVID-19 and The novel coronavirus (nCoV) or COVID-19 is not a new disease.\n\nQ1: What does the zoology book authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta say about COVID-19?\nA1: the book mentions common colds that are caused by rhinovirus or coronavirus but does not mention covid-19.\n\nQ2: is covid-19 a new virus?\nA2: covid-19 is a newly discovered strain of coronavirus.\n\nQ3: is there any cure for covid-19\nA3: Though there were trial drugs there is no cure for covid-19 yet. and even those that self-medicated on chloroquine died",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The book mentions coronavirus but not Covid-19.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Novel coronavirus is an airbourne virus and remains infectious in the air for 8 hours.\n\nQ1: Is Corona virus an \"airbourne\" Virus?\nA1: Yes, When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets or tiny particles called aerosols carry the virus into the air from their nose or mouth. Anyone who is within 6 feet of that person can breathe it into their lungs. Airborne transmission. Research shows that the virus can live in the air for up to 3 hours.\n\nQ2: How long does corona virus last in the air?\nA2: Upto 3 hours.\n\nQ3: Can Corona virus be caught in any other ways than being airbourne?\nA3: Yes it can be caught by touching infected surfaces.\n\nSARS-CoV-2 was more stable on plastic and stainless steel than on copper and cardboard, and viable virus was detected up to 72 hours after application to these surfaces (Figure 1A), although the virus titer was greatly reduced (from 103.7 to 100.6 TCID50 per milliliter of medium after 72 hours on plastic and from 103.7 to 100.6 TCID50 per milliliter after 48 hours on stainless steel). The stability kinetics of SARS-CoV-1 were similar (from 103.4 to 100.7 TCID50 per milliliter after 72 hours on plastic and from 103.6 to 100.6 TCID50 per milliliter after 48 hours on stainless steel). On copper, no viable SARS-CoV-2 was measured after 4 hours and no viable SARS-CoV-1 was measured after 8 hours. On cardboard, no viable SARS-CoV-2 was measured after 24 hours and no viable SARS-CoV-1 was measured after 8 hours (Figure 1A).",
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"content": "justification: COVID-19 can spread via airborne transmission, this means it can be airborne although it only stays in the air for 3 hours Under experimental conditions, and about 30 minutes in most real-world situations before settling onto surfaces.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: From 23 March until the foreseeable future, Microsoft and Sony will shut down their gaming servers during UK school hours.\n\nQ1: Can I play games on the Playstation network at any time of day?\nA1: Yes, because \"This chart shows a view of problem reports submitted in the past 24 hours compared to the typical volume of reports by time of day.\" The implication is that availability is expected 24 hours a day.\n\nQ2: Can I play online Xbox games at any time of day?\nA2: Yes, because \"You can see if the servers are out or having issues thanks to status reports below\" Implies that servers should be up at any time.\n\nQ3: Did Microsoft and Sony shut down their gaming servers during UK school hours from march 23 ,2020 ?\nA3: This is not true. Microsoft and Sony haven’t announced these measures.\nInfact there has been a large increase in players in coronavirus lockdown.",
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"content": "justification: The q&a shows that the company's in the claim have made no announcement to shut down gaming servers like is claimed at all.\n\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Presidential candidate Joe Biden referred to the novel Coronavirus pandemic as a time when \"people are dying that have never died before.\"\n\nQ1: Did Joe Biden referred to the novel Coronavirus pandemic as a time when \"people are dying that have never died before ?\nA1: There is no evidence that shows that Joe Biden utter such words. ''people are dying that have never died before''\n\nQ2: Did Trump or Joe Biden say '‘people are dying who have never died before’' ?\nA2: No, Trump didn’t say ‘people are dying today that have never died before’\n\nQ3: Where does the saying \"people are dying that have never died before\" originate from?\nA3: The quote could be traced back to an Ernest Hemingway letter from 1930 to his friend Henry Strater, where he states, \"He advised us all to be careful as men are dying this year who have never died before.\"",
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"content": "justification: there is no evidence that this was said by Joe Biden, and the answers back that up\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: People Clapping together at 5pm during Janta Curfew will kill coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Does clapping your hands kill coronavirus?\nA1: The vibration generated by clapping will NOT destroy #Coronavirus infection\n\nQ2: What is the 5pm Janta Curfew\nA2: The #JantaCurfew clapping initiative at 5pm is to express gratitude towards the Emergency staff working selflessly to counter",
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"content": "justification: The vibration generated by clapping will NOT destroy Coronavirus infection\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenny Rogers' Wife plans to Donate part of his estate to Trumps Re-election campaign.\n\nQ1: Who was Kenny Rogers?\nA1: Legendary country singer Kenny Rogers who died at 81 years old.\n\nQ2: Who was country singer Kenny Rogers wife?\nA2: His fifth and final marriage was to Wanda Miller in 1997.\n\nQ3: When did Kenny Rogers die?\nA3: March 2020.\n\nQ4: Has Wanda Miller made any announcements about donating the inheritance of her husbands estate?\nA4: A story on 'taters gonna tate' site states that Kenny Rogers’ Wife will Donat Half His Estate To Trump’s Re-Election\n\nQ5: Is the site 'Taters Gonna Tate' a trusted news publisher?\nA5: Tatersgonnatate.com is a subsidiary of the “America’s Last Line of Defense” network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery, or as Snopes called it before they lost their war on satire: Junk News",
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"content": "justification: It seems that the website is satire.Therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cases of coronavirus in the United States are linked to the rollout of 5G, the fifth-generation wireless technology.\n\nQ1: Is 5G linked to the spread of COVID-19?\nA1: No, because No. The claims that it did are nothing more than conspiracy theories, with no basis in science. As noted above, 5G is safe, and it also doesn’t work in such a way that causing something like Covid-19 would even be theoretically possible.\n\nQ2: How is COVID-19 spread?\nA2: SARS-CoV-2 spreads from person to person through close communities.\n\nWhen people with COVID-19 breathe out or cough, they expel tiny droplets that contain the virus. These droplets can enter the mouth or nose of someone without the virus, causing an infection to occur.\n\nThe most common way that this illness spreads is through close contact with someone who has the infection. Close contact is within around 6 feetTrusted Source.",
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"content": "justification: From the 2nd and 1st QAs it is very evident that the claims are not true. Therefore the label is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenny Rogers' wife donate half of the singer's estate to Trump's re-election\n\nQ1: Wo is the 'Kenny Rogers' the claim refers to?\nA1: Kenneth Donald Rogers, (born August 21, 1938, Houston, Texas, U.S.—died March 20, 2020, Sandy Springs, Georgia), American country music singer\n\nQ2: Who is the wife of American country music singer Kenny Rogers?\nA2: He was still married to his fifth wife, Wanda Miller, at the time of his death.\n\nQ3: Where did the claim originate?\nA3: tatersgonnatate.com\n\nQ4: Is tatersgonnatate.com considered a trustworthy news website?\nA4: Tatersgonnatate.com describes itself as 'the “America’s Last Line of Defence” network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery, or as Snopes called it before they lost their war on satire: Junk News'\n\nQ5: Is the claim fiction?\nA5: Yes, because Everything on this website is fiction.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Parody/Satire news website made the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: American automakers, including Ford and General Motors, are manufacturing much needed medical ventilators “right now.”\n\nQ1: Did Ford and General Motors manufacture ventilators during the COVID-10 pandemic?\nA1: Yes, because General Motors and Ventec Life Systems announced that the car company would begin retooling its manufacturing facility in Kokomo, Indiana, to make “critical care ventilators” that could be ready to “ship as soon as next month.”\n\nQ2: Did this happen before Trump made his claim it was happening \"right now\"?\nA2: No, because It wasn’t until nearly a week after the president’s claim that General Motors and Ventec Life Systems announced that the car company would begin retooling its manufacturing facility in Kokomo, Indiana, to make “critical care ventilators” that could be ready to “ship as soon as next month.”\n\nPrior to that, GM had been working to produce or procure parts for Ventec to increase Ventec’s output of ventilators, and GM was only “exploring the feasibility to build ventilators” at one of its own facilities, a company spokesman told us.\n\nThe CEO of Ford, meanwhile, has said recently that it could be May or June before Ford, which is partnering with another company that makes the lifesaving machines, begins to produce them in mass.\n\nQ3: Were alternative statements made around the time of the claim to - American automakers, including Ford and General Motors, manufacturing much needed medical ventilators \"right now\"?\nA3: Yes, because Days after the claim was Tweeted Forbes reported Mar 23, 2020, - Though President Trump insisted this weekend that American automakers were already producing ventilators without his having to compel them using the Defense Production Act, the AP reported Monday that Ford, General Motors and Tesla are months away from being able to convert their factories into medical supply production facilities. On Sunday, the president tweeted: “Ford, General Motors and Tesla are being given the go ahead to make ventilators and other metal products, FAST! @fema Go for it auto execs, lets see how good you are?” \n\nForbes further clarified - Neither Ford nor General Motors is making ventilators right now, and while Tesla’s Elon Musk has said his company is “working on it,” there’s no evidence to suggest that production is underway, and it could take months to get there, according to the AP report.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&As show that at the time the claim was posted the ventilators were not being made so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: LeBron James has said Duterte is \"better\" than Trump in handling the COVID-19 crisis.\n\nQ1: Did LeBron James say Duterte is \"better\" than Trump in handling the COVID-19 crisis?\nA1: No, because Confirmed to be fake by News5.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: confirmed as fake news.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump said, “Nobody knew there’d be a pandemic or an epidemic of this proportion.” at a White House briefing on March 19 2020\n\nQ1: Did anyone predict that there could be a pandemic or epidemic of Covid-19 proportions prior to March 2020?\nA1: Amongst others, the U.S. intelligence community warned in its annual threat report for 2019 that “that the United States and the world will remain vulnerable to the next flu pandemic or large-scale outbreak of a contagious disease that could lead to massive rates of death.”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Contrary to this claim, predictions were made by some experts. The hold superior knowledge on pandemic/epidemic compared to President Donald Trump.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: MPs in the UK have awarded themselves a £10,000 bonus to cover ‘expenses’ during the Covid-19 crisis.\n\nQ1: Were MP's in the UK given a £10,000 bonus to cover additional expenses due to the Covid 19 pandemic?\nA1: MP's in the UK were given an increased allowance for office expenses, that allowed them to claim upto an additional £10,000 in expenses due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It was not a bonus payment.\n\nQ2: Did MP's in the UK vote for themselves to be given an £10,000 bonus to cover additional expenses due to the Covid 19 pandemic?\nA2: MP's in the UK voted for themselves to be allowed to claim (with receipts) upto an additional £10,000 to cover additional expenses due to the Covid 19 pandemic. It was not a bonus.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer suggests that MPs didn't directly receive a £10,000 bonus rather there expenses allowance were increased by £10,000 to cover office expenses.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Chloroquine, a Covid-19 drug, would be made available 'almost immediately.'\n\nQ1: Has chloroquine been approved for use in treating Covid-19?\nA1: No, because The FDA has been working closely with other government agencies and academic centers that are investigating the use of the drug chloroquine, which is already approved for treating malaria, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, to determine whether it can be used to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to potentially reduce the duration of symptoms, as well as viral shedding, which can help prevent the spread of disease. Studies are underway to determine the efficacy in using chloroquine to treat COVID-19.\n\nQ2: Has a timeline been established as to when this drug may be available for use treating Covid-19?\nA2: FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn, speaking after the president, said the FDA is considering giving chloroquine to larger populations of coronavirus patients as part of an “expanded use” testing program. Such a trial in patients would allow the FDA to collect data to measure scientifically whether it works. It was not immediately clear how long it would take the FDA to design the study and get it working at trial sites around the country.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: At the date of the claim, chloroquine was still being researched as to its efficacy to treat COVID-19.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Several First Nations communities in Canada have closed their borders to avoid COVID-19\n\nQ1: What are First Nations communities?\nA1: Indigenous peoples and nations of Canada and the USA.\n\nQ2: Have some First Nations communities in Canada closed their borders because of Covid-19?\nA2: Yes, because In BC, and across Canada, some First Nations communities are taking the step of establishing checkpoints or closing the borders of their communities. Many BC First Nations are looking for ways to restrict movement in and out of our communities to contain the spread of COVID-19. Our Elders are very precious to us – especially their roles in holding language, knowledge and culture – and therefore need increased protection from COVID-19.",
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{
"content": "justification: Locations confirmed in answer.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Historic flu and other outbreaks are accurately named based on the country where they originated\n\nQ1: Where did Spanish Flu orginate from?\nA1: The first cases of the outbreak were recorded in Haskell County, Kansas, and Fort Riley, Kansas.\n\nQ2: Why was the influenza pandemic of 1918 called \"Spanish Flu\"?\nA2: The outbreak of 1918 was named the Spanish influenza. Although inaccurate, historians believe this name came from the lack of media censure in Spain when the disease hit\n\nQ3: Where did Hong Kong Flu originate from?\nA3: China\n\nQ4: Where did Asian Flu originate from?\nA4: East Asia\n\nQ5: Why is Rubella called German Measles?\nA5: It came to be called German measles in the latter part of the 19th century when the disease was closely studied by German physicians.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The first answer and source shows that Spanish flu did not originate in Spain. The fifth answer and source show that German measles was named because of the scientists country not where it started. Therefore the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte approved the release of P20,000 (USD $400) to all recipients of the Philippines’ Social Security System (SSS) to help them through the novel coronavirus pandemic.\n\nQ1: Did Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte approve the release of P20,000 (USD $400) to all recipients of the Philippines’ Social Security System (SSS) to help them through the novel coronavirus pandemic?\nA1: “Informing the public it is NOT TRUE that P20,000 will be given to all SSS members to help with Covid-19,\" the agency said in this Tagalog-language Facebook post on March 18, 2020.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: From the statement in the Q&A it seems that this claim is not true. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Clapping hands Kills Corona virus\n\nQ1: What is the basis of this claim?\nA1: Modi declared a Janta curfew on March 22nd (Sunday) where 1.3 billion Indians will have to stay home between 7 am and 9 pm.\n“It is a curfew by the public and for the public,” said Modi during his address to the nation on March 19.\nHe urged the nation that this is not the time to be complacent about the impending Coronavirus crisis.\nOn the day of the Janata Curfew, Modi urged everyone to step out onto their balconies at 5 pm sharp and with the sound of a siren, clap for all those who are working day and night to help others.\n\nQ2: Does WHO recommend had clapping to prevent/kill Covid-19?\nA2: No, because Not mentioned on their advice pages",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers and the sources show that the clapping was to say thanks for the hardworking people who are working through the pandemic so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Italy did not close its borders from travellers from China during the coronavirus pandemic\n\nQ1: Did Italy close its borders from travellers during the covid pandemic?\nA1: The lockdown bans public gatherings and restricts travel only for urgent work situations, emergencies and health reasons.\n\nQ2: Could you travel from China to Italy during the covid pandemic?\nA2: At the disposal of the national health authorities, ENAC has suspended all air connections between Italy and China, until further notice.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Travel from China to Italy was banned during the pandemic period \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: temples ring bells “not only to bring the disciples into prayer mode but also to kill viruses and bacteria surrounding the temple.\n\nQ1: Did Narendra Modi ask people to ring bells in relation to a ‘Janata curfew’?\nA1: An article dated 22/03/2020 stated - On Sunday evening, people across India clapped, rang bells, and blew conch shells in response to PM Narendra Modi’s request during Janata Curfew at Omex in Ludhiana.\n\nQ2: What did PM Narendra Modi publicily call as a reason to ring bells in relation to the ‘Janata curfew’ in March 2020?\nA2: Thanking those at the forefront of the fight against the novel coronavirus.\n\nQ3: Has any work been published on the effect of sound on viruses?\nA3: Yes, but the sound that can affect viruses cannot be produced by bells. The research refers to microwaves. \n\nIn this article, we show that SRET from microwave to virus can be efficient enough so that airborne virus was inactivated with reasonable microwave power density safe for the open public.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the Q&As you can see that the bells were rung but not to kill viruses, but to thank people on the frontline of covid.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Chloroquine, a Covid-19 drug was almost ready to be used on March 19 2020.\n\nQ1: Is Chloroquine approved for use in treating Covid?\nA1: The FDA has been working closely with other government agencies and academic centers that are investigating the use of the drug chloroquine, which is already approved for treating malaria, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, to determine whether it can be used to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to potentially reduce the duration of symptoms, as well as viral shedding, which can help prevent the spread of disease. Studies are underway to determine the efficacy in using chloroquine to treat COVID-19.\n\nQ2: What is Chloroquine?\nA2: Chloroquine (also known as chloroquine phosphate) is an antimalarial medicine. It is available in the\nUnited States by prescription only. It is sold under the brand name Aralen, and it is also sold as a generic\nmedicine.\n\nQ3: What does the chloroquine drug treat?\nA3: Chloroquine can be prescribed for either prevention or treatment of malaria.\n\nQ4: Could chloroquine be used to treat COVID-19?\nA4: Chloroquine is currently undergoing clinical trials in China regarding its potential treatment for COVID-19.\n\nQ5: When was this claim made?\nA5: 19/03/2020",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The fourth Q&A shows that the drug was not almost ready at the time of the claim so it is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote a letter in the 1920 Spanish Influenza pandemic, in which he wrote to someone named “Rosemary” in which he wrote: “Even the bars, as I told Hemingway, but to that he punched me in the stomach, to which I asked if he had washed his hands,” the alleged letter says. “He hadn’t. He is much the denier, that one. Why, he considers the virus to be just influenza.”\n\nQ1: WHen did Scott Fitzgerald have the Spanish Influenza?\nA1: Between 1918 and 1919\n\nQ2: Did scoot write any letter\nA2: The letter wasn’t actually written by Fitzgerald. Instead, it is a work of satire published on the website McSweeney’s Internet Tendency on March 13.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: this was a work of Satire not a real letter from F. Scott Fitzgerald. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US President Donald Trump referred to the novel Coronavirus pandemic as a time when \"people are dying that have never died before.\"\n\nQ1: When was the claim made\nA1: 18/03/2020\n\nQ2: Did President Donald Trump make comments regarding the death rates of COVID-19 in his meetings held on March 17\nA2: No, because The president made no such remarks as transcripts from the briefing show\n\nQ3: Can the phrase \"people are dying\" be found on the President's twitter handle which he uses regularly for communication\nA3: No, because There is no such phrase on the President's twitter handle",
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"content": "justification: Q&A pair state that no mention of the quote can be fount by the entity in the claim\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Passport of the passengers arriving at the T3 Of Delhi airport was taken away and kept till COVID-19 tests were completed, resulting in chaos at the airport on 18th March, 2020.\n\nQ1: Were the Passport of the passengers arriving at the T3 Of Delhi airport taken away and kept till COVID-19 tests were completed, resulting in chaos at the airport on 18th March, 2020?\nA1: Digging into Twitter, it was found that the video is actually of an old incident of that occurred at the Terminal 3 of IGI Airport, New Delhi.",
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"content": "justification: That is not what happened,\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Novel coronavirus could live up to 3 days, depending on the surface.\n\nQ1: Have there been studies and what has been the outcome?\nA1: April 16, 2020\nN Engl J Med 2020; 382:1564-1567\n\nSARS-CoV-2 was more stable on plastic and stainless steel than on copper and cardboard, and viable virus was detected up to 72 hours after application to these surfaces",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that the virus can live up to 3 days so the claim is supported. The source is credible and trustworthy.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Gargling with warm salt water or warm vinegar water will cure you from Coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Does saline provide any beneficial effect in curing covid-19?\nA1: According to WHO There is no evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline has protected people from infection with the new coronavirus. \n\nThere is some limited evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline can help people recover more quickly from the common cold. However, regularly rinsing the nose has not been shown to prevent respiratory infections.\n\nQ2: Is there a cure for covid-19?\nA2: No, because No known cure.",
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence that this will cure Coronavirus, also there was no known cure for Coronavirus at the time of the claim\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sri Lankan customs released expired tinned fish into the Sri Lankan market.\n\nQ1: What does the Sri Lankan customs authority website mention regarding the release of expired tinned fish?\nA1: No mention of this incident was found.\n\nQ2: Did the Sri Lankan customs release expired tinned fish into the Sri Lankan market?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: There isn't even enough evidence presented in these questions and answers to confirm or deny \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Chennai municipal corporation has shut all vegetable and fruit markets in the city due to coronavirus.\n\nQ1: What is the official statement made by the Chennai Municipal commissioner regarding the shutting down of fish markets\nA1: commissioner G Prakash saying, \"Except those establishments like malls, theatres etc other facilities like fruits, vegetables, meat and fish markets will remain open. All small grocery stores, small trade establishments, supermarkets etc will remain open too. The aim is to prevent the spread of virus, not to affect the common man's life.\"",
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"content": "justification: Commissioner says they will remain open in the answer provided.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Australian state of Western Australia has recently passed a “COVID-19 Emergency Powers Act” that authorises forcible medical examination and vaccination in schools.\n\nQ1: Is there a “COVID-19 Emergency Powers Act” in Western Australia?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Is there an act in Western Australia that authorises forcible medical examination and vaccination in schools regarding covid?\nA2: No, there is a study being conducted but this is not forced upon people.\n\nThe McGowan Government is partnering with the Telethon Kids Institute in a study to test for COVID-19 among school students and staff without symptoms.\n\nThe study has three aspects, the first is a surveillance study in which a sample of staff and students from 40 identified schools will be tested for COVID-19 at monthly intervals over a period of three months, possibly longer depending on the number of cases detected. Parents will be advised of the outcome of tests.",
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, there is no such thing as \"forcible... vaccination\" in schools. This concept is just not existent. Instead, in Austrailian schools they are implementing a type of covid-19 test to be conducted in monthly periods which is to the full disclosure of the parents. There is no \"forcible\" action happening anywhere. The \"COVID-19 Emergency Powers Act\" does not even existent as no evidence could be provided for its existence. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Covid-19 is very similar to the seasonal flu with U.S mortality rates just above 0.1 percent and students are being punished and academies easily incapacitated by the common cold.\n\nQ1: Is covid19 the same as the common cold?\nA1: NO:\nCOVID-19 is novel, or new. That means there's no vaccine, and it's unclear how it will manifest;\nThis strain of coronavirus appears to infect two to 2.5 people versus 1.3 with the flu, so coronavirus seems to be about twice as contagious as the flu;\nSome 20% of coronavirus patients are in serious enough condition to go to the hospital, 10 times the number who wind up in the hospital because of the flu;\nHospital stays for the coronavirus are twice as long as for the flu;\nAbout 8% of people get the flu every year. Some estimates are 25% to 50%, possibly up to 80%, could get the coronavirus without drastic actions being taken by individuals, states and municipalities and the federal government;\nThe coronavirus could be 10 times deadlier than the flu — about 0.1% who get flu die. It's estimated that about 1% of those who have gotten coronavirus have died from it;\nThere are treatments for the flu. There are no approved treatments for the coronavirus, despite the president's optimism for certain drugs, which are untested for coronavirus to this point; and\nThe flu tends to wane in warm weather, but it's too soon to count on that for coronavirus, which is thriving in warm, tropical places.\n\nQ2: Was the US Mortality rate for covid19 0.1% at time of the claim?\nA2: no its believed to be 1%\n\nThe coronavirus could be 10 times deadlier than the flu — about 0.1% who get flu die. It's estimated that about 1% of those who have gotten coronavirus have died from it;",
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"content": "justification: Evidence denies the mortality rates and the similarities between the flu and Covid-19.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US President Donald Trump failed to make timely use of his powers under the Defense Production Act to compel companies to manufacture medical supplies that were expected to be needed to treat those infected with the novel coronavirus.\n\nQ1: What is the Defense Production Act?\nA1: the President may exercise\nemergency authorities under the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA; 50 U.S.C. §§4501 et seq.) to\naddress supply shortages and economic development impacts. During a press conference on March 18,\n2020, the President indicated that he would invoke the DPAto address domestic essential goods and\nmaterials shortages caused by the pandemic. This Insight considers the various DPA authorities that may\nbe used going forward and explores potential policy considerations for Congress.\n\nQ2: When did Trump enact the Defense Production Act?\nA2: On March 18th 2020 White House press briefing, President Trump said he would invoke the Defense Production Act of 1950 in response to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, which gives the federal government broad powers to enlist private companies to help with national crises.\n\nQ3: When was covid-19 declared a pandemic?\nA3: 12th March 2020\n\nQ4: When was COVID-19 declared a pandemic?\nA4: 12th March 2020",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: US President Donald Trump enacted the Defense Production Act On March 18th 2020, which does not seem too late.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The World Health Organization's director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, overstated the COVID-19 fatality rate.\n\nQ1: Is the COVID-19 fatality rate in 2020 overstated by Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus ?\nA1: The fatality rate of the coronavirus was based on current data available of known positive cases and known deaths.\nOftentimes estimates have to be made because data is just not yet available. The Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, used the fatality rate of coronavirus with known numbers and used this as his prediction of eventual mortality rate. This was a faulty assumption. Estimates usually involve obtaining information that is available and making estimates on what is not. We cannot tell the future but we can make educated guesses based on information available. This is what has been done with the coronavirus because this type of virus has apparently never been seen before.\n\n2. Sometimes estimates are reasonable and sometimes they are wrong, and even way off.\nAdvertisement - story continues below\n\nThe point is that whenever estimates are made of large unknown values they are always wrong because no one can tell the future. Sometimes estimates end up close and sometimes they are not and sometimes they are way off.\n\n3. The current “estimate” for the coronavirus fatality rate according to the WHO is about 3.4%.\nThe estimate used most often is from the WHO based on the Director General’s comments. The WHO estimates the mortality rate of the coronavirus to be around 3.4%:\n\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated the mortality rate from Covid-19 is about 3.4%. That is higher than seasonal flu and is cause for concern – but even if it is correct, more than 96% of people who become infected with the coronavirus will recover.\n\nAdvertisement - story continues below\n\n4. The same rate for this year’s seasonal flu is 10% if you use known cases and known deaths (but the media tells you it’s .1%).\nAs The Gateway Pundit reported earlier, according to CDC numbers, in the US in the 2019-2020 flu season, there were 222,552 confirmed cases of the flu from testing and an estimated 36 million flu cases in the United States\n\nQ2: What is the COVID-19 fatality rate in 2020 ?\nA2: Healthcare\nVisualizing the History of Pandemics\n\nPublished 3 years ago\n\non March 14, 2020\n\nBy Nicholas LePan\nGraphics/Design:\n\n Harrison Schell\n\nTweet\nShare\nShare\nReddit\nEmail\n\nThe History of Pandemics\n\nPan·dem·ic /panˈdemik/ (of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world.\n\nAs humans have spread across the world, so have infectious diseases. Even in this modern era, outbreaks are nearly constant, though not every outbreak reaches pandemic level as COVID-19 has.\n\nToday’s visualization outlines some of history’s most deadly pandemics, from the Antonine Plague to the current COVID-19 event.\nA Timeline of Historical Pandemics\n\nDisease and illnesses have plagued humanity since the earliest days, our mortal flaw. However, it was not until the marked shift to agrarian communities that the scale and spread of these diseases increased dramatically.\n\nWidespread trade created new opportunities for human and animal interactions that sped up such epidemics. Malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, influenza, smallpox, and others first appeared during these early years.\n\nThe more civilized humans became – with larger cities, more exotic trade routes, and increased contact with different populations of people, animals, and ecosystems – the more likely pandemics would occur.\n\nHere are some of the major pandemics that have occurred over time:\nName\tTime period\tType / Pre-human host\tDeath toll\nAntonine Plague\t165-180\tBelieved to be either smallpox or measles\t5M\nJapanese smallpox epidemic\t735-737\tVariola major virus\t1M\nPlague of Justinian\t541-542\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t30-50M\nBlack Death\t1347-1351\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t200M\nNew World Smallpox Outbreak\t1520 – onwards\tVariola major virus\t56M\nGreat Plague of London\t1665\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t100,000\nItalian plague\t1629-1631\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t1M\nCholera Pandemics 1-6\t1817-1923\tV. cholerae bacteria\t1M+\nThird Plague\t1885\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t12M (",
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"content": "justification: The method of estimating in this case was faulty, ad evidenced. The second answer does not seem to answer the second question. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A recent survey found that Filipinos have rated President Rodrigo Duterte as the most loving, caring, solid and decisive among the five highest government officials in the Philippines.\n\nQ1: Do Filipinos like President Rodrigo Duterte?\nA1: Survey shows Filipinos more satisfied with Duterte government than any other\n\nQ2: What were the results of the Pahayag” pilot survey, conducted by the Publicus Asia Inc in the Philippians?\nA2: The survey tested the people’s perception on the top five highest officials in the country, and the top five most recent presidents, in terms of the “Love, Care and Solidarity” index, and the “Decisiveness Index.”\n\nBased on the survey that studied 1,500 respondents from key cities nationwide from August 7 to 9, Duterte got 90 percent decisiveness rating, followed by Vice President Leni Robredo with only 5 percent. Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno, Senate President Aquilino Pimentel and Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez all got 1 percent.",
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"content": "justification: It seems from the question-answer pairs that Filipinos really like their president, at least more than any other politician. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There are people going door to door in Colorado Spring who are stating they are testing for Covid-19 so they can rob people\n\nQ1: Is there any recorded evidence of people pretending to be testing for COVID-19 so they can rob people.\nA1: As of about 6 p.m. on March 18, he said, neither the robbery nor property crime units had investigated any such incident or received any reports about people pretending to offer COVID-19 tests. The department’s dispatch had not fielded any calls along those lines.",
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"content": "justification: The answer shows that there have been no reports of door to door covid testing so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: No city in the state can quarantine itself without state approval.\n\nQ1: Which country does the claim refer to?\nA1: United States of America.\n\nQ2: Which state may want to impose a quarantine on itself?\nA2: New York state.\n\nQ3: Can New York state legally impose to quarantine itself?\nA3: state Executive Law Section 24, says that the New York State Legislature can override a local action, and Executive Law Section 29-A, gives the governor power to override local laws or orders in a state emergency. In addition, an executive order on March 7, said that local actions be approved.\n\nQ4: Does a US city have the power to order quarantines without state approval\nA4: Yes, because Executive Law Section 29-A, which gives the governor power to override local laws or orders in a state emergency. In addition, an executive order on March 7, required that local actions be approved.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, there is legislature that allows certain states to override local laws during a state of emergency. For example, New York state has the ability to quarantine itself in accordance to 'Executive Law Section 29-A'. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Exposing ourselves to the sun or to high temperatures kills the Covid-19 virus\n\nQ1: Does Exposing ourselves to the sun or to high temperatures kills the Covid-19 virus?\nA1: According to WHO, COVID-19 can spread in all climates. Several countries with hot climates, such as India, have reported cases of COVID-19. As we write these lines, India, which has temperatures above 30°C, reports 90927 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Similarly, there are nearly 100 000 cases of COVID-19 on the African continent, according to the WHO Regional Office in Africa – where several countries have current temperatures in excess of 28C.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems form the QA that the virus can do well in high temperatures as well. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Japan has produced a cure for coronavirus disease (COVID-19).\n\nQ1: What Japanese-made drug allegedly works against COVID-19?\nA1: Avigan, also known as Favipiravir.\n\nQ2: What is Avigan?\nA2: Avigan is an anti-flu drug that has appeared to help coronavirus patients recover. The drug was approved for use in Japan in 2014.\n\nQ3: Is Avigan effective against COVID-19?\nA3: According to Zhang Xinmin, Avigan has been effective, with no obvious side-effects, in helping coronavirus patients recover. \n\nIn a clinical trial in Shenzhen involving 80 participants, patients who took Favipiravir showed greater chest improvement and took less time to test negative for the genomic trace of the virus, compared with patients not given the drug.\n\nQ4: Who is Zhang Xinmin?\nA4: An official at China's science and technology ministry.\n\nQ5: Does the drug Avigan have any possible side effects?\nA5: Yes, because Studies found that the drug may cause fetal deaths or deformities.\n\nQ6: Why has South Korea decided to not import the drug Avigan to combat COVID-19?\nA6: South Korea's ministry of food and drug safety also decided not to import Avigan after infectious disease experts ruled that there was not enough clinical data to prove the drug's efficacy.",
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"content": "justification: It seems from all QAs o, that Avigan does not have enough validity to be be the cure for covid, Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United Stated had 27 deaths from covid19 between January 22nd 2020 and march 17 2020\n\nQ1: What was the COVID-19 death toll between January 22nd 2020 and march 17 2020\nA1: At March 18, five more deaths in Washington state and two in Colorado has pushed the national death toll to at least 107",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that there were more than 27 deaths so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A 103-year-old Chinese grandmother has made a full recovery from Covid-19 after being treated for 6 days in Wuhan, China\n\nQ1: Did a 103 year old woman recover from Covid?\nA1: Dr Zeng Yulan reported - she had no underlying health conditions apart from mild bronchitis.\n\nHer daughter-in-law said - After 6 days of treatment, her body returned to normal. Two nucleic acid tests were negative and returned to normal. The next few days have been nutritional support therapy. My mother-in-law's body recovered quickly.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: a 103 year old woman did recover from covid-19\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: University of Zimbabwe has two confirmed cases of COVID-19 and will close this week until April 14, 2020.\n\nQ1: How many cases of covid 19 has been confirmed in Zimbabwe\nA1: In Zimbabwe there have been 257,893 confirmed cases of COVID-19.",
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"content": "justification: The question lists a very low number for covid cases in Zimbabwe, however the only Q&A pair shows a very large number that is far from equalling the claims, \nThe claim also includes a specific date period which is not reflected in the Q&A details so lacks evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump tweeted that the US Treasury will check a recipients social media accounts for any anti President Trump comments before being considered for a covid19 stimulus cheque.\n\nQ1: Where did the claim appear?\nA1: On the Facebook page real fake tweets\n\nQ2: Does the site have a disclaimer on it\nA2: Disclaimer: All content on this page is fake and meant to be satirical. Do not believe anything you read here, no matter how bad you want it to be true.",
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"content": "justification: The claim was posted on a fake news satirical facebook page\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump always knew that the Coronavirus was a pandemic.\n\nQ1: What are President Donald Trump's views on the Coronavirus?\nA1: President Donald Trump compares the Coronavirus to the common flu.\n\nQ2: Did Trump admitted downplaying coronavirus dangers in early days of pandemic ?\nA2: At every point, experts have emphasized that the country could reduce those terrible numbers by taking action. And at almost every point, the president has ignored their advice and insisted, “It’s going to be just fine.”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Trump has downplayed the coronavirus, showing he didn't always know it was a pandemic. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Marriott International effectively denied employees unemployment and health benefits by saying the company had not laid them off, instead putting them on a zero-hour schedule?\n\nQ1: Has hotel giant Marriott International effectively denied employees unemployment and health benefits by saying the company had not laid them off, instead putting them on a zero-hour schedule?\nA1: No, The Health benefits remained and the workers were furloughed, HOWEVER many workers who were furloughed were not paid and some were laid off.\n\nQ2: Did the Marriot pay health benefits to the laid off workers\nA2: They won't be paid their salaries during their time away from the company, but they will receive health care benefits.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that some were aid off from the QA, however there is nothing on zero-hour contracts, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Doctors in India have been successful in treating Coronavirus using combination of drugs used: Lopinavir, Retonovir, Oseltamivir along with Chlorphenamine. They are going to suggest same medicine, globally\n\nQ1: Did China close down coronavirus hospital as there were not enough new cases ?\nA1: Correct. On 10 March 2020, the last two of 16 makeshift hospitals that had been set up in Wuhan to combat the new coronavirus outbreak were closed, according to local news sources and international media. On 18 March 2020, no new Covid-19 cases were reported in the province of Hubei (of which Wuhan is the capital) for the first time since the beginning of the outbreak. Very few cases have been officially reported in Hubei since this date and travel restrictions have begun to be relaxed in the area.\n\nQ2: Were the doctors in India had been successful in treating coronavirus with a combination of drugs ?\nA2: India’s ministry of health has recommended using some of these drugs, but it is not clear how successful they have been so far. \n\nGuidance for the clinical management of Covid-19 mentions using the anti-HIV drugs Lopinavir and Retonovir to treat certain patients who are in high-risk groups.It is unclear how successful this treatment has been. It has been reported that Indian doctors cured Italian patients with this treatment, but this is not confirmed by official sources. \nThe World Health Organisation is including Lopinavir and Ritonavir in trials looking for ways to treat Covid-19.This claim is partially correct.\n\nQ3: Did the researchers at the Erasmus Medical Center have found an antibody against coronavirus ?\nA3: This is true. Researchers from several institutes, including the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, have published a paper (which hasn’t yet been peer-reviewed) that reports on a neutralising antibody for the new coronavirus. Neutralising antibodies are produced by the immune system to protect against viral infection, and are what vaccines aim to induce in the human body.\n\nQ4: Did a 103 year-old Chinese grandmother made a full recovery from Covid-19 after being treated for 6 days in Wuhan, China ?\nA4: It has been widely reported that a 103 year-old grandmother in Wuhan, China, made a full recovery from Covid-19 after six days. Zhang Guangfen’s doctor, Dr Zeng Yulan, reportedly told the media that she had no underlying health conditions apart from mild bronchitis.\n\nQ5: Did Apple reopen all 42 China stores ?\nA5: Correct. On 13 March 2020, Apple announced that “as of today, all of our stores in Greater China have reopened” after closing all 42 stores on 1 February. The company added that stores outside China were to be closed until 27 March (Apple's website now says that these closures are \"until further notice\").\n\nQ6: Did Cleveland Clinic developed a Covid-19 test that gives results in hours, not days ?\nA6: This is not true. The hospital in Ohio has developed a faster way of doing the test that already exists, on its own hospital site. In a press briefing on 12 March, the Cleveland Clinic’s CEO and president told reporters: “Cleveland Clinic has not developed a new test for coronavirus.”However, he did say the clinic has “developed the ability” to test for Covid-19 on site, which would speed up the results from days to hours.\n\nQ7: Did the number of Covid cases in South Korea started declining by mid march 2020 ?\nA7: This was correct when the post first appeared on social media, and at the time of writing. Reported new cases of Covid-19 in South Korea have declined since their peak in late February, and been roughly level since mid-March.\n\nQ8: Was Italy hit hard with Coronavirus only because they have the oldest population in Europe ?\nA8: Older adults and those with underlying health conditions are at a higher risk of getting very ill as a result of Covid-19. One research paper discusses that as well as Italy’s demographics, cultural factors likely contributed to viral spread in Italy, including family members of different generations living close together and having frequent contact with one another. \nI support the claim.\n\nQ9: Were Scientists in Israel likely to announce the development of a coronavirus vaccine ?\nA9: According to newspaper reports, scientists at the Institute for Biological Research in Israel are working on developing a vaccine for the new coronavirus. Institutes and pharmaceutical companies in other countries are working on similar projects, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO)\n\nQ10: Did the Maryland coronavirus patients fully recovered of Covid 19 ?\nA10: This is true. On 13 March 2020, Montgomery County (a local government in the US state of Maryland) confirmed that three residents who previously had the virus no longer tested positive.\n\nQ11: Did a network of Canadian scientists make an excellent progress in Covid-19 research ?\nA11: A team of researchers from Sunnybrook, McMaster University and the University of Toronto has isolated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent responsible for the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19.\n\nThanks to nimble collaboration, the team was able to culture the virus from two clinical specimens in a Level 3 containment facility.\n\nQ12: Is a San Diego biotech company developing a Covid-19 vaccine in collaboration with Duke University and National University of Singapore ?\nA12: This is true. The company, called Arcturus Therapeutics, announced on 4 March 2020 that it would be working on a vaccine with DukeNUS Medical School in Singapore. This is also on the WHO’s list of vaccines being worked on.\n\nQ13: Did Tulsa County's first positive Covid-19 case recovered with 2 negative tests ?\nA13: In a Facebook post referring to the patient, Tulsa Health Department said that they “had two negative tests, which is the indicator of recovery”. Under the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance, two negative tests is one of the criteria to determine if people with Covid-19 who had symptoms but weren’t hospitalised can stop isolating, alongside resolution of fever without medication and improvement in respiratory symptoms.\n\nQ14: Did all the 7 patients who were suffering from Covid 19 in Safdurjung hospital New Delhi recover in march 2020 ?\nA14: One possible origin of this claim is a story in The Hindu on 14 March, which said that seven Covid-19 patients at the hospital in New Delhi had recovered. These seven were not the only Covid-19 patients in Safdarjung Hospital, however. The vast majority of Covid-19 patients experience a mild illness and do recover.\n\nQ15: Can the plasma from newly recovered patients from Covid -19 treat others infected by Covid-19 ?\nA15: At the time of writing, this has not yet been proven in clinical trials, but the approach has been approved for occasional use in China and elsewhere.\n\nQ16: Have doctors in India have been successful in treating Coronavirus using combination of specific drugs?\nA16: According to an article published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research dated Feb-Mar 2020, Lopinavir/ritonavir combination therapy protocol has a limitation.\nThe combination treatment is approved for emergency public health use, only amongst laboratory-confirmed patients with moderate degree of severity and not designed as a controlled clinical trial. However, the treatment outcomes amongst the first few cases would be useful in providing guidance about clinical management of COVID-19 cases in future. If found useful in managing initial COVID-19 infected patients, further evaluation using a randomized control trial design is warranted to guide future therapeutic use of this combination.",
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"content": "justification: The QA Pair states they are going to trial it and not that it has been successful already.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cleveland Clinic developed a Covid-19 test that gives results in hours, not days.\n\nQ1: Has Cleveland Clinic developed a Covid-19 test that gives results in hours?\nA1: No, because “Cleveland Clinic has not developed a new test for coronavirus.”\nHowever, he did say the clinic has “developed the ability” to test for Covid-19 on site, which would speed up the results from days to hours.\n\nQ2: So has a new test has been developed?\nA2: The Cleveland Clinic’s CEO and president told reporters: “Cleveland Clinic has not developed a new test for coronavirus.”",
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"content": "justification: They did not develop a new test, they started testing in house with existing tests, which shortened the result time as it was done on site. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: China has closed down its last makeshift coronavirus hospital in Wuhan as there is not enough new cases to support them.\n\nQ1: How many corona virus hospitals are open in Wuhan, China?\nA1: the last two of 16 makeshift hospitals that had been set up in Wuhan to combat the new coronavirus outbreak were closed on 10th March 2020.\n\nQ2: Did China has closed down its last coronavirus hospital as there were not enough new cases to support them ?\nA2: Correct. On 10 March 2020, the last two of 16 makeshift hospitals that had been set up in Wuhan to combat the new coronavirus outbreak were closed. On 18 March 2020, no new Covid-19 cases were reported in the province of Hubei (of which Wuhan is the capital) for the first time since the beginning of the outbreak. Very few cases have been officially reported in Hubei since this date and travel restrictions have begun to be relaxed in the area.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Yes this is correct according to the Q&A, the hospitals have been closed. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: stated on March 17, 2020 in a Facebook post:\nAll US citizens are entitled to $700 per week to stay at home to avoid the spread of COVID-19 novel coronavirus, starting from March 17 2020.\n\nQ1: Are US citizens entitled to a stay-at-home allowance?\nA1: As part of a stimulus package aimed at relieving the economy during the coronavirus pandemic, the Trump administration wants to send cash to Americans. That means you could get a check for $1,000 or more in the coming weeks, an idea that has drawn bipartisan support since Sen. Mitt Romney, R-Utah, called for every American adult to get a check for that amount \"immediately.\"\n\nBut as Congress hammers out the details, there’s no discussion of weekly $700 checks, as a recent Facebook post claims.\n\nQ2: Where did the claim appear?\nA2: Facebook\n\nQ3: If the user clicked on the link what did they see?\nA3: It directs readers to a link, saying they should read the \"full article here on how to claim\" the money. But the link leads to an image of a gorilla giving the middle finger.",
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"content": "justification: this isn't true, and following the claim link clearly shows it to be a joke. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United States has had 4700 deaths from Flu between January 22nd 2020 and march 17 2020\n\nQ1: How many deaths from Flu were there in America, in the period January to March 2020?\nA1: Using the CDC figures for Week 4 to Week 11 of 2020, there were 4530 deaths attributed to influenza.",
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"content": "justification: Figures shown in QA pair show a lower amount even when factoring in rounding up would only make it 4600 and not 4700 as claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A charitable hospital in Pakistan charged patients for novel coronavirus tests\n\nQ1: Which hospital is alleged to have done this?\nA1: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre\n\nQ2: Did the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre charge people for free tests?\nA2: No, because They have denied the claims.",
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"content": "justification: The second answer and source state that the hospital did not charge for a covid test so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: An Illinois News Station Air ‘Pre-Rigged Election Results’ The Day Before The Primary.\n\nQ1: Which country's election does the claim refer to?\nA1: United States?\n\nQ2: Which tv news program does the claim say aired these so called rigged election results?\nA2: WCIA-TV\n\nQ3: Did WCIA-TV air incorrect election results?\nA3: Yes, because WCIA aired election rehearsals during the Price is Right on Monday, March 16.\nThe vote totals are only test numbers and were zeroed out following the rehearsal.\n\nThis was an error, and in no way reflected the results of Tuesday night’s Illinois Primary Election. Management apologized for any confusion or inconvenience.\n\nQ4: Was these results evidence of a rigged election?\nA4: No, because mock-up was for the United States President race along with the U.S. Senate race. The lower graphic scrolling on the bottom of the screen included some other local races.\n\nThe vote totals are only test numbers and were zeroed out following the rehearsal.\n\nThis was an error",
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"content": "justification: the answers show this was a mistake and not a way to rig the election\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: All U.S. Citizens were entitled to $700 per week to stay at home to avoid the spread of Coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Who made this claim\nA1: Britney Whitley\n\nQ2: what does Lead stories say about this?\nA2: Lead stories debunked it as a hoax\n\nQ3: What kind of website is lead stories?\nA3: Lead Stories is a fact checking website that is always looking for the latest false, deceptive or inaccurate stories (or media) making the rounds on the internet.",
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"content": "justification: The U.S. government does not have such funds to pay grant to all its Citizens weekly. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Information from Vienna's laboratory studying Covid 19 has found that the vast majority of people who died from Covid had ibuprofen in their system.\n\nQ1: what problems can ibuprofen bring to health?\nA1: Some medical experts believe ibuprofen’s anti-inflammatory properties could dampen the immune system’s response to fighting off COVID-19.\n\nQ2: is there any scientific link between covid complications and ibuprofen\nA2: professionals say that there’s no scientific evidence that links ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory medications with COVID-19 complications.",
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"content": "justification: The QA pairs do not cover if the majority of people who died from covid19 had ibuprofen in their systems.\n\nTo support or refute the claim we need to know what percent of the covid19 deaths actually had ibuprofen in their systems.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Now, as it stands, The US health care system has adequate ventilators, ICU beds, medical professionals\n\nQ1: What was the date of the claim?\nA1: March 16 2020.\n\nQ2: What health situation was happening in the U.S around March 2020?\nA2: In earlyt March 2020 The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. (worldwide spread)\n\nQ3: Was the U.S offering any advice to the public that might stop them needing hospital treatment?\nA3: Yes, because The cdc offered guidelines on How to Protect Yourself and Others\n\nQ4: Did America have the health resources to deal with the coronavirus pandemic\nA4: In a March 12 op-ed in the New York Times, health policy experts pointed out that the nation has insufficient hospital beds, even if only 5% of the country contracted the illness at that time the United States had fewer than 800,000 hospital beds, about 68,000 adult intensive care unit beds of any kind, and, even with the strategic reserve, fewer than 100,000 ventilators. As the coronavirus spread, this would not be enough.\n\nIf even 5 percent of the 325 million people living in America got Covid-19, the data suggested that 20 percent of them — 3.2 million people — would require hospitalization and 6 percent — 960,000 people — would require beds in intensive care units for many days. Covid-19 patients would have simply overwhelmed the health care system.\n\nQ5: Does the US health care system have adequate ventilators, ICU beds, medical professionals ?\nA5: As the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 spreads across the United States, there are continuing concerns among hospitals, public health experts and government leaders that hospital intensive care units would be hard-pressed to handle a surge in seriously ill patients.\n\nA key limiting factor to being able to provide good care, they say, is the number of ventilation machines — ventilators — a hospital has on hand to help the most seriously ill patients breathe.\n\n\"The coronavirus, like many respiratory viruses, can cause inflammation in the lungs,\" explains Dr. William Graham Carlos a pulmonary critical care specialist at Indiana University School of Medicine \"And when the lungs become inflamed, the membranes that transfer oxygen from the air into the blood become blocked.\"\n\nWhen patients develop this type of viral pneumonia, they often require bedside ventilators which, Carlos says \"can supply higher levels of oxygen and also help push air into the lungs to open them up, and afford more opportunity to get oxygen into the patient.\"\n\nQ6: Is there a Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide ?\nA6: The World Health Organization has warned that severe and mounting disruption to the global supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) – caused by rising demand, panic buying, hoarding and misuse – is putting lives at risk from the new coronavirus and other infectious diseases.\n\nHealthcare workers rely on personal protective equipment to protect themselves and their patients from being infected and infecting others.\n\nBut shortages are leaving doctors, nurses and other frontline workers dangerously ill-equipped to care for COVID-19 patients, due to limited access to supplies such as gloves, medical masks, respirators, goggles, face shields, gowns, and aprons.\n\n“Without secure supply chains, the risk to healthcare workers around the world is real. Industry and governments must act quickly to boost supply, ease export restrictions and put measures in place to stop speculation and hoarding. We can’t stop COVID-19 without protecting health workers first,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.\n\nSince the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, prices have surged. Surgical masks have seen a sixfold increase, N95 respirators have trebled and gowns have doubled.\n\nSupplies can take months to deliver and market manipulation is widespread, with stocks frequently sold to the highest bidder.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: At the time, the beds were not enough and ventilators were not enough too\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Disposable masks should be worn white-side-out to keep COVID-19 out\n\nQ1: How should a disposable mask be worn?\nA1: The colored side of the mask is usually the front and should face away from you, while the white side touches your face.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer to the question clearly states that the white side should touch the face.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: United Emirates have completed mass arrests of their Royal Family and affiliates.\n\nQ1: Has United Emirates completed mass arrests of their Royal Family and affiliates?\nA1: No this is not true.",
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"content": "justification: The Q&A pair state that the claim is not true, \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Bernie sanders has nine super PACs.\n\nQ1: What is a super pac?\nA1: A Super PAC is a new type of political action committee (PAC) created by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the advisory opinion process and in response to landmark court cases like Citizens United, which opened the door for corporations to make independent expenditures in connection with federal elections.\n\nQ2: Who is Bernie Sanders?\nA2: Bernie Sanders is the longest-serving independent in Congressional history, currently serving in the U.S. Senate.\n\nQ3: Does Bernie Sanders use any super pac's for campaign funding?\nA3: Bernie Sanders denounces billionaire-funded Super Pacs (political action committees) and secret campaign contributions,",
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"content": "justification: The evidence suggests he is against PAC usage. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: \"I went out and campaigned for (raising the minimum wage) … $15 an hour in New York City. Go talk to the governor.\"\n\nQ1: Did Joe Biden say, \"I went out and campaigned for (raising the minimum wage) … $15 an hour in New York City. Go talk to the governor.\"?\nA1: Biden is right about his efforts in New York, despite Sanders’ suggestion that Biden has only \"come around\" to supporting a $15 hourly minimum wage \"since the campaign.\"",
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"content": "justification: Q&A pair give a good description of claim and how it is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The lab-created coronavirus was a cover-up for the mass mandatory vaccination agenda.\n\nQ1: Did Covid-19 start in a lab?\nA1: No, because no evidence to support.\n\nQ2: Is there a mass mandatory vaccination agenda?\nA2: No, because At time of claim there was no vaccine so no mandatory requirement.",
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"content": "justification: No. No evidence to support.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Italy's airports have been completely shut down.\n\nQ1: Were all of Italy's Airports shutdown due to covid at the time of the claim?\nA1: Several major airports remain open in Italy, according to the Australian Smart Traveller website. Milan’s airport (Milano Malpensa) was listing planes inbound as of March 20.",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source shows that airports were open in Italy at the time of the claim so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: \"Part of that was bailing out the automobile industry — saving thousands of jobs, tens of thousands of jobs over time. (Sanders) voted against that as well.\"\n\nQ1: Which bailout was Biden referring to?\nA1: \"In October 2008, Congress approved the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP).\"\n\nQ2: Did Sanders vote in support of the TARP?\nA2: No, because \"Sanders voted against a set of funds that financed most of the auto bailout, but the funds’ primary purpose was bailing out Wall Street firms, which Sanders strongly opposed.\"\n\nQ3: Did Sanders vote in support of the December 2008 bailout proposal?\nA3: Yes, because \"Sanders voted in favor of a standalone meausre providing auto companies with $14 billion, which was separate from the Wall Street bailout funds he opposed.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and sources show that Sanders did not vote against all the bailout proposals and so the claim is cherry picking.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: \"You have been on the floor of the Senate time and time again talking about the need to cut Social Security, Medicare and veterans' programs.\"\n\nQ1: Who spoke the claim?\nA1: Bernie Sanders\n\nQ2: Who was he speaking of?\nA2: Joe Biden\n\nQ3: Is the claim that Joe Biden wanted to cut Social Security benefits?\nA3: Yes, because Joe Biden did say in 1995, \"When I argued that we should freeze federal spending, I meant Social Security as well. I meant Medicare and Medicaid. I meant veteran’s benefits. I meant every single solitary thing in the",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that the claim is based on evidence so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US has a lack of medical personnel and hospitals may not have the capacity to deal with hundreds of thousands of people at the peak of the coronavirus pandemic.\n\nQ1: What is the assessment of health experts regarding the capability of the US healthcare system to handle the number of people who could be infected with the coronavirus?\nA1: The coronavirus pandemic could soon force American physicians to face a tragic challenge — rationing medical care as the number of ill patients overwhelms the supplies, space and staff available in hospitals.\n\nToday, the United States has fewer than 800,000 hospital beds, about 68,000 adult intensive care unit beds of any kind, and, even with the strategic reserve, fewer than 100,000 ventilators. As the coronavirus spreads, this will not be enough.\n\nIf even 5 percent of the 325 million people living in America get Covid-19, the current data suggests that 20 percent of them — 3.2 million people — will require hospitalization and 6 percent — 960,000 people — will require beds in intensive care units for many days. Covid-19 patients will simply overwhelm our health care system.\n\nQ2: Was there a lack of medical personnel in the US at the time the claim was made in March 2020?\nA2: There are currently shortages of healthcare workers of all kinds. Emergency departments are overcrowded and often have to divert patients to other hospitals.\nDuring an epidemic, the healthcare workforce would be greatly reduced. Healthcare workers would face a high risk of infection because of contact with infected patients; many would need to stay home to care for sick relatives, and, in the absence of vaccine, others might fear coming to work lest they bring a lethal infection home to their families.",
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"content": "justification: Questions & answers writted well descriptively.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden said, \"I wrote the first climate change bill that was in the Congress, PolitiFact said was a game changer.\"\n\nQ1: Who wrote the first climate change bill that made it to congress\nA1: June 26, 2009\n\nQ2: Did Joe Biden write the bill\nA2: No answer could be found.",
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{
"content": "justification: The First answer is not related to its question in a noticeable way so offers no evidence to the claim,\nThe 2nd A&Z pair offers no answer can be found so overall not enough evidence shown.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cristiano Ronaldo is turning his CR7 hotels into hospitals for people with coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Has Ronaldo turned any of his CR7 Hotels into covid-19 hospitals?\nA1: No the news is a hoax.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The news is a hoax \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tom Hanks was arrested for paedophilia on 13/03/2020 \nin Australia, where he is being kept in a hotel room, refusing to fly back to USA.\n\nQ1: Did the Australian authorities arrest Tom Hanks for Paedophilia\nA1: He posted on twitter that he was in isolation with his wife because he tested positive for Covid-19",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: He was kept in a hotel room after testing positive for Covid, not for any offence. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Canadian prime minster Justin Trudeau was served a criminal indictment by the U.S. for corporate and financial crimes.\n\nQ1: Did Canadian prime minster Justin Trudeau serve a criminal indictment by the U.S. for corporate and financial crimes?\nA1: The claim that Canada’s Justin Trudeau has been arrested is false.\n\nQ2: What did Justin Trudeau do on March 16th 2020?\nA2: He was at home self isolating while his wife tested positive for coronavirus. He gave a press conference from the front of his house.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: A day after the claim was made, the QA pair shows that he was quarantined at home. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: \"I have been consistent (on the Hyde Amendment). I have always believed in that.\"\n\nQ1: What is the Hyde Amendment?\nA1: Hyde amendment is: \"restricting Medicaid abortions under the annual appropriations for the Department of Health and Human\nServices. \"\n\nQ2: How has Bernie Sanders voted on the Hyde Amendment?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Does Sanders support banning federal dollars from being used to pay for most abortions?\nA3: Sanders' Medicare-for-all plan would make abortion free to all patients, effectively making the Hyde Amendment moot. “Abortion rights are part of what Medicare-for-all is,” he said at the Planned Parenthood forum.\n\nQ4: What has sanders said about his voting record on the Hyde amendment?\nA4: look, sometimes, you -- in a large bill, you have to\n\nvote for things you don't like. But I think my record as being literally 100 percent\n\nQ5: Has sanders voting record been consistent as he claimed?\nA5: Yes, because He has voted 100% pro choice.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answers show that Sanders has always supported the bill so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Australia's Prime Minister Scott Morrison was served a criminal indictment by the US for corporate & financial crimes.\n\nQ1: Was the Australian prime minister served a criminal indictment?\nA1: No, because The prime minister has made speeches and interviews and has not been indicted.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A one points out that the prime minister of Australia has not been indicted as claimed, It would also be quite major news worldwide if it was true.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Every household in the United States receiving $500 in emergency food stamps and a $1,000 stimulus check\n\nQ1: How much did US Senator Mitt Romney propose to give each American to ensure economic stability?\nA1: Republican Sen. Mitt Romney of Utah on Monday (March 16, 2020) outlined a list of proposals to address the coronavirus outbreak, including giving all American adults $1,000 in response to fallout from the spread of the disease.\n\nQ2: What was the date of the social media post which claimed Americans were to be given a US $1000 stimulus cheque?\nA2: The claim was published on March 15, 2020.\n\nQ3: When did the U.S. House pass the revised coronavirus emergency bill?\nA3: The House passed by unanimous consent Monday evening (16/03/2020) the revised coronavirus emergency bill, sending it to the Senate to take up...\n\nQ4: What date did the social media post claim that Americans were to be given emergency food stamps?\nA4: The social media claim was dated 15/05/2020.\n\nQ5: Was Mitt Romneys $1000 stimulus taken up by congress?\nA5: According to CNN, Republican Sen. Mitt Romney has suggested giving each American adult $1,000, to ensure economic stability. However, this is merely a proposal and has not been taken up by Congress.\n\nQ6: Did Mitt Romney propose providing $500 in food stamps as part of Covid19 support?\nA6: No, there is no mention of this in the CNN article or in results shown when side searching.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers show that the $1000 was just a proposal and the food stamps is not mentioned in the proposal so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Novel coronavirus can be eliminated by drinking lots of water and gargling with warm water mixed with salt or vinegar.\n\nQ1: What was the medical advice about coronavirus in March 2020?\nA1: A guide for the public was produced by WHO\n\nQ2: Has WHO addressed claims about coronavirus remedies?\nA2: Yes, because WHO has published myth-busters.\n\nQ3: Does the WHO myth-buster address claims about saline solutions?\nA3: Yes, because There is some limited evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline can help people recover more quickly from the common cold. However, regularly rinsing the nose has not been shown to prevent respiratory infections.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Although the WHO does extol some benefits of saline use, the claim is very specific and is not supported by the evidence provided. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: An Italian company threatened to sue two men for 3D printing valves for a respiratory device.\n\nQ1: Did two men make respiratory valves from a patented company\nA1: Yes, because The men said the company had simply refused to release design files, forcing them to reverse-engineer the valve\n\nQ2: What action did the company intend to take on the two men who reverse engineered the respiratory valves\nA2: Manufacturing company Intersurgical says it had no intention of making a threat and have decided to categorically not threaten to sue anyone involved\n\nQ3: Did the men receive any threats of being sued by the company\nA3: No, because They said they were not threatened",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Evidence provided that company stated it did not intend to sue and men stated they did not receive any threats.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Harvard University admitted that the degrees held by former first lady Michelle Obama are fakes\n\nQ1: where was the claim first published\nA1: The story was first published by a site called Obama Watcher\n\nQ2: What kind of site is Obama Watcher\nA2: Obamawatcher.com is a subsidiary of the “America’s Last Line of Defense” network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery, or as Snopes called it before they lost their war on satire: Junk News",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: satire news.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A story published by Tomas Pueyo about the grave threat posed by the new coronavirus overstated the threat.\n\nQ1: Did a story published by Tomas Pueyo about the grave threat posed by the new coronavirus overstate the threat?\nA1: No, because \"It is in the mainstream of epidemiologic analysis and modeling, and quite clearly written,\" said Richard Hopkins, a retired epidemiologist living in Vermont, in an email. \"Knowledgeable people might argue with some of the details, but this strikes me as an honest document, and does not have any evident agenda other than improving the public's health.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No. \"It is in the mainstream of epidemiologic analysis and modeling, and quite clearly written,\" said Richard Hopkins, a retired epidemiologist living in Vermont, in an email. \"Knowledgeable people might argue with some of the details, but this strikes me as an honest document, and does not have any evident agenda other than improving the public's health.\"\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Gargling warm water with salt or vinegar can eliminate the novel coronavirus, COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Can gargling warm water with salt or vinegar eliminate COVID-19?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Is gargling warm water with salt or vinegar listed as an effective treatment for COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO)?\nA2: No, because No, gargling warm water with salt or vinegar is not listed as an effective treatment for COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO).\n\nQ3: What are the benefits of gargling warm water with salt or vinegar?\nA3: Salt Water Gargle\n\nGargling salt water can offer some much needed relief when you’re suffering from a sore throat. The salt works to remove mucus from your inflamed tissue. A salt water gargle can be made by mixing 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of salt to 8 ounces of warm water. You can do this a few times a day as needed. \n\nApple Cider Vinegar \n\nThere are a few different ways to use apple cider vinegar to soothe your sore throat. You can create an apple cider vinegar gargle by mixing 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar with ½ teaspoon of salt and 8 ounces of warm water. Another way to use apple cider vinegar is to mix it with honey and warm water. It can also be used in teas, with green tea or licorice root tea.\n\nQ4: When was the claim made?\nA4: 23 March 2020\n\nQ5: Has treatment been found to treat COVID-19 as of the 23rd of March 2020?\nA5: While some western, traditional or home remedies may provide comfort and\nalleviate symptoms of mild COVID-19, there are no medicines that have been\nshown to prevent or cure the disease. WHO does not recommend self-medication with any medicines, including antibiotics, as a prevention or cure for COVID-19.\nHowever, there are several ongoing clinical trials of both western and traditional\nmedicines. WHO is coordinating efforts to develop vaccines and medicines to\nprevent and treat COVID-19 and will continue to provide updated information as\nsoon as research results become available.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Not a WHO approved treatment\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
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