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75,544,210 | List of storms named Pining | The name Paring was used for nine tropical cyclones by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and its predecessor, the Philippine Weather Bureau, in the Western Pacific Ocean: | [
{
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"text": "The name Paring was used for nine tropical cyclones by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and its predecessor, the Philippine Weather Bureau, in the Western Pacific Ocean:",
"title": ""
}
] | The name Paring was used for nine tropical cyclones by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and its predecessor, the Philippine Weather Bureau, in the Western Pacific Ocean: Typhoon Ivy (1965) – did a loop and only survived 5 days before dissipating.
Typhoon June (1969) – remained over open waters.
Tropical Storm Freda (1977) – a strong but short-lived tropical storm which struck Hong Kong.
Typhoon Agnes (1981) – a Category 2 typhoon that caused severe flooding in South Korea.
Typhoon Brenda (1985) – a Category 2 Typhoon that caused minor damages in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea.
Tropical Storm Vera (1989) – a strong tropical storm that caused widespread flooding throughout Eastern China.
Tropical Storm Steve (1993)– remained over open waters.
Tropical Storm Mort (1997) – a weak tropical storm brought locally heavy rainfall to areas of northern Luzon, resulting in minor flooding. | 2023-12-12T11:06:55Z | 2023-12-12T11:06:55Z | [
"Template:Storm index"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_storms_named_Pining |
75,544,253 | Barnimstrasse women's prison | Barnimstrasse women's prison was a women's prison that existed between 1868 and 1974 in Barnimstraße in the Friedrichshain district of Berlin, which belonged first to the Königsstadt and from 1920 to the Friedrichshain district.
In 1864, a new debtors' prison was built in Berlin's royal city, north-east of today's Alexanderplatz, under the direction of architects Carl Johann Christian Zimmermann and Albert Cremer [de]. After Prussia abolished imprisonment for debtors in May 1868, it was converted and extended to become the Royal Prussian Women's Prison. A maternity ward and a mother-and-child ward were also built. With an extension built between 1910 and 1913, it was the most modern prison in the city and offered space for 357 inmates, and could even be increased to 500. There was now a military hospital with 38 beds for sick prisoners. In addition, the architects added a three-storey building to the service yard, which housed the kitchen and other service units such as the laundry, bathing facilities and a steam boiler.
The buildings survived the bombing raids and hostilities at the end of the World War II with only minor damage. However, due to the work opportunities in a neighboring industrial laundry, a new women's prison was built in Köpenick in 1974. The buildings on Barnimstrasse were subsequently demolished. The site was initially used as a sports ground with a gymnasium, concrete floor and jumping pit, and in the 1990s a traffic education facility was established.
During the monarchy, the prison was primarily occupied by petty criminals, including many prostitutes which were in the majority by 1933. The number of new inmates who were prostitutes began to decline in 1927 due to the "Reich Law to Combat sexually transmitted diseases" (Reichsgesetz zur Bekämpfung der Geschlechtskrankheiten) being introduced that made prostitution exempt under certain conditions. Up until 1926, abortion was punishable by up to 10 years in prison. As a result of the socialist laws and the anti-war movement of World War I, women were also imprisoned for political reasons. The German Marxist and anti-war activist Rosa Luxemburg was imprisoned in Barnimstrasse in 1907 and 1915-1916 for giving an anti-war speech.
Inside the prison buildings, it was compulsory to wear institutional clothing, which consisted of a clean blue wash dress with a white and blue neckerchief and blue knitted wool stockings with a red stripe. For cooler days there was a blue jacket with the old sleeve cut. The women responsible for preparing food had to cover their hair with a white cloth.
Anyone who was sentenced to more than six months in prison was placed in a three-tier system, the different levels of which gave the prisoners some advantages over the other women, including that the lights were allowed to stay on longer in the cell and a second book from the prison library was also allowed per week. With good behavior, prisoners could work their way up. Particular consideration was given to imprisoned mothers with children: they lived with their children in a mother's cell that contained toys and flowers were also allowed to be placed here. A doctor came once a day to check on everything.
During the Nazis, the prison served as a Gestapo remand prison and as a stopover between the Plötzensee Prison execution site and other prisons and camps. Pregnant women gave birth here before being executed. Hans Coppi Jr. and Anita Leocádia Prestes, for example, were born here. Over 300 women of the resistance started their final journey from here, including:
They include women from well-known resistance groups and movements:
In the post-war years, black market transactions and theft of food or other everyday items or for example ration card theft were the most common reasons for imprisonment. After the war the prison was overcrowded to an extent that more than two-thirds of the prisoners had to sleep on the floor. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Barnimstrasse women's prison was a women's prison that existed between 1868 and 1974 in Barnimstraße in the Friedrichshain district of Berlin, which belonged first to the Königsstadt and from 1920 to the Friedrichshain district.",
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},
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"text": "In 1864, a new debtors' prison was built in Berlin's royal city, north-east of today's Alexanderplatz, under the direction of architects Carl Johann Christian Zimmermann and Albert Cremer [de]. After Prussia abolished imprisonment for debtors in May 1868, it was converted and extended to become the Royal Prussian Women's Prison. A maternity ward and a mother-and-child ward were also built. With an extension built between 1910 and 1913, it was the most modern prison in the city and offered space for 357 inmates, and could even be increased to 500. There was now a military hospital with 38 beds for sick prisoners. In addition, the architects added a three-storey building to the service yard, which housed the kitchen and other service units such as the laundry, bathing facilities and a steam boiler.",
"title": "Building history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The buildings survived the bombing raids and hostilities at the end of the World War II with only minor damage. However, due to the work opportunities in a neighboring industrial laundry, a new women's prison was built in Köpenick in 1974. The buildings on Barnimstrasse were subsequently demolished. The site was initially used as a sports ground with a gymnasium, concrete floor and jumping pit, and in the 1990s a traffic education facility was established.",
"title": "Building history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "During the monarchy, the prison was primarily occupied by petty criminals, including many prostitutes which were in the majority by 1933. The number of new inmates who were prostitutes began to decline in 1927 due to the \"Reich Law to Combat sexually transmitted diseases\" (Reichsgesetz zur Bekämpfung der Geschlechtskrankheiten) being introduced that made prostitution exempt under certain conditions. Up until 1926, abortion was punishable by up to 10 years in prison. As a result of the socialist laws and the anti-war movement of World War I, women were also imprisoned for political reasons. The German Marxist and anti-war activist Rosa Luxemburg was imprisoned in Barnimstrasse in 1907 and 1915-1916 for giving an anti-war speech.",
"title": "Detention"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Inside the prison buildings, it was compulsory to wear institutional clothing, which consisted of a clean blue wash dress with a white and blue neckerchief and blue knitted wool stockings with a red stripe. For cooler days there was a blue jacket with the old sleeve cut. The women responsible for preparing food had to cover their hair with a white cloth.",
"title": "Detention"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Anyone who was sentenced to more than six months in prison was placed in a three-tier system, the different levels of which gave the prisoners some advantages over the other women, including that the lights were allowed to stay on longer in the cell and a second book from the prison library was also allowed per week. With good behavior, prisoners could work their way up. Particular consideration was given to imprisoned mothers with children: they lived with their children in a mother's cell that contained toys and flowers were also allowed to be placed here. A doctor came once a day to check on everything.",
"title": "Detention"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "During the Nazis, the prison served as a Gestapo remand prison and as a stopover between the Plötzensee Prison execution site and other prisons and camps. Pregnant women gave birth here before being executed. Hans Coppi Jr. and Anita Leocádia Prestes, for example, were born here. Over 300 women of the resistance started their final journey from here, including:",
"title": "Detention"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "They include women from well-known resistance groups and movements:",
"title": "Detention"
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{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In the post-war years, black market transactions and theft of food or other everyday items or for example ration card theft were the most common reasons for imprisonment. After the war the prison was overcrowded to an extent that more than two-thirds of the prisoners had to sleep on the floor.",
"title": "Post war period"
}
] | Barnimstrasse women's prison was a women's prison that existed between 1868 and 1974 in Barnimstraße in the Friedrichshain district of Berlin, which belonged first to the Königsstadt and from 1920 to the Friedrichshain district. | 2023-12-12T11:13:51Z | 2024-01-01T00:36:28Z | [
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75,544,261 | Three Days in August (1992 film) | Three Days in August (Russian: Три августовских дня) is a co-production film between Russia and the United States directed by Jan Jung in 1992. The film is a drama that describes the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt through the story of lovers.
A Russian Mikhail (Anton Yakovlev) and a Lithuanian Dalia (Dariya Majorova) came to Moscow to get married. The next day, the historic coup broke out. Mikhail must fight for the victory of democracy with Dalia. However, his father (Oleg Vidov) is the army general who belongs to the conservative side, against the reformist Gorbachev. And the army general is a man steeped in the Soviet colors. He is against his son's marriage to a Lithuanian and also against glasnost. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Three Days in August (Russian: Три августовских дня) is a co-production film between Russia and the United States directed by Jan Jung in 1992. The film is a drama that describes the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt through the story of lovers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "A Russian Mikhail (Anton Yakovlev) and a Lithuanian Dalia (Dariya Majorova) came to Moscow to get married. The next day, the historic coup broke out. Mikhail must fight for the victory of democracy with Dalia. However, his father (Oleg Vidov) is the army general who belongs to the conservative side, against the reformist Gorbachev. And the army general is a man steeped in the Soviet colors. He is against his son's marriage to a Lithuanian and also against glasnost.",
"title": "Plot"
}
] | Three Days in August is a co-production film between Russia and the United States directed by Jan Jung in 1992. The film is a drama that describes the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt through the story of lovers. | 2023-12-12T11:15:09Z | 2023-12-13T00:53:08Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Days_in_August_(1992_film) |
75,544,304 | 2015 International Wildcard Tournament | The 2015 International Wildcard Tournament was edition of the Riot Games-organised tournament for League of Legends, the multiplayer online battle arena video game.
4 teams from 4 countries/areas
3 teams from 3 countries/areas
As of this edit, this article uses content from "Garena Premier League", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. | [
{
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"text": "The 2015 International Wildcard Tournament was edition of the Riot Games-organised tournament for League of Legends, the multiplayer online battle arena video game.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "4 teams from 4 countries/areas",
"title": "Qualified teams"
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{
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"text": "3 teams from 3 countries/areas",
"title": "Qualified teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "As of this edit, this article uses content from \"Garena Premier League\", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The 2015 International Wildcard Tournament was edition of the Riot Games-organised tournament for League of Legends, the multiplayer online battle arena video game. | 2023-12-12T11:20:29Z | 2023-12-20T10:08:53Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_International_Wildcard_Tournament |
75,544,311 | Battle of Lankaran | Battle of Lankaran was a conflict between Bolshevik, white army, and Azerbaijani forces to seize the city. The battle took place in July 1919.
On August 4–5, 1918, during the Mughan Congress of white army, a "Temporary Dictatorship" consisting of five people was declared. This dictatorship was also referred to as the "Fives Dictatorship." Although the Azerbaijani Central Executive Committee (AXC) and the Islamic Army of the Caucasus intended to eliminate their autonomous forces here, the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and the arrival of the British in Baku made it impossible to implement this plan. Following the British arrival in Baku, Russian officers under Sukhorukov's leadership declared the establishment of the Lankaran Republic and government.
Among the active powers in the region were the Bolsheviks. They believed that having Lankaran under their control would ease their march toward Baku. Consequently, after preparations, the Bolsheviks initiated an uprising on April 25. Successful in their efforts, they managed to arrest active members of the white army and declared the establishment of the Mughan Soviet Republic on May 15.
On July 5, 1919, a new congress of the white army, malakan, and other Russians was held in Prishib. It was decided to cleanse the region from the Bolsheviks. In the latter half of July, the white army launched a decisive attack on Lankaran. Azerbaijani partisans in the area also simultaneously attacked the Bolsheviks. The forces of Ramazanov and Shahverdi joined, and the Military Council decided to attack the city from three directions. Ramazanov was to attack from the south, Shahverdi from the west, and Haji Osman from the east. The Azerbaijani assault was successful, forcing the Bolsheviks to retreat. While the Bolsheviks were cornered towards Mayak, they were able to resist due to the heavy weaponry they possessed. The remaining parts of the city were under the control of Azerbaijani partisans. The territory from the northern part of the city to Haji Qurban Street was under Shahverdi's control, from the western edge of the city to the left bank of the Lankaran River was under Ramazanov's influence, and from the Sutemurdov side to the right bank of the Lankaran River was under Haji Osman's command. Due to the consistent support provided to the Azerbaijani partisans, they were determined to continue the assault until the end. The Bolsheviks were aware they would be defeated soon and decided to head towards Sarı Island. However, before vacating the city, they decided not to leave the areas to the Azerbaijanis but rather to the Russians, even if they were white army. Consequently, on July 24–25, the Mughan forces, or the white army, were left at various strategic points in the city, and all captured officers were released by them.
With the Lankaran operation, although Azerbaijani forces cleared the Bolsheviks from the city, the Bolsheviks, to prevent the city from falling into the hands of the Azerbaijanis, handed it over to their most ardent enemies, the white army.
The white army called for a new congress in Prishib and, according to the decision made at the congress convened by the Soviets in May, the decisions made were considered null and void, and their authority was transferred to the current congress. Upon his release, Ilyashevich resumed leadership and immediately took action against the Azerbaijani partisans. In a letter sent to Yusuf Bey, the leader of one of the partisan groups, he declared that the Bolshevik rule had been overthrown, and his armed force was no longer needed in the region, hence, he should vacate the area within 12 hours or face an attack. In response, Yusuf Bey stated that he recognized no government other than the Azerbaijani government and therefore would not lay down his arms.
The AXC intervened in the events. Initially, the white army were defeated due to the attacks they initiated, and in August, during the Lankaran operation conducted in the region, all white army were disarmed. | [
{
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"text": "Battle of Lankaran was a conflict between Bolshevik, white army, and Azerbaijani forces to seize the city. The battle took place in July 1919.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "On August 4–5, 1918, during the Mughan Congress of white army, a \"Temporary Dictatorship\" consisting of five people was declared. This dictatorship was also referred to as the \"Fives Dictatorship.\" Although the Azerbaijani Central Executive Committee (AXC) and the Islamic Army of the Caucasus intended to eliminate their autonomous forces here, the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and the arrival of the British in Baku made it impossible to implement this plan. Following the British arrival in Baku, Russian officers under Sukhorukov's leadership declared the establishment of the Lankaran Republic and government.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Among the active powers in the region were the Bolsheviks. They believed that having Lankaran under their control would ease their march toward Baku. Consequently, after preparations, the Bolsheviks initiated an uprising on April 25. Successful in their efforts, they managed to arrest active members of the white army and declared the establishment of the Mughan Soviet Republic on May 15.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On July 5, 1919, a new congress of the white army, malakan, and other Russians was held in Prishib. It was decided to cleanse the region from the Bolsheviks. In the latter half of July, the white army launched a decisive attack on Lankaran. Azerbaijani partisans in the area also simultaneously attacked the Bolsheviks. The forces of Ramazanov and Shahverdi joined, and the Military Council decided to attack the city from three directions. Ramazanov was to attack from the south, Shahverdi from the west, and Haji Osman from the east. The Azerbaijani assault was successful, forcing the Bolsheviks to retreat. While the Bolsheviks were cornered towards Mayak, they were able to resist due to the heavy weaponry they possessed. The remaining parts of the city were under the control of Azerbaijani partisans. The territory from the northern part of the city to Haji Qurban Street was under Shahverdi's control, from the western edge of the city to the left bank of the Lankaran River was under Ramazanov's influence, and from the Sutemurdov side to the right bank of the Lankaran River was under Haji Osman's command. Due to the consistent support provided to the Azerbaijani partisans, they were determined to continue the assault until the end. The Bolsheviks were aware they would be defeated soon and decided to head towards Sarı Island. However, before vacating the city, they decided not to leave the areas to the Azerbaijanis but rather to the Russians, even if they were white army. Consequently, on July 24–25, the Mughan forces, or the white army, were left at various strategic points in the city, and all captured officers were released by them.",
"title": "Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "With the Lankaran operation, although Azerbaijani forces cleared the Bolsheviks from the city, the Bolsheviks, to prevent the city from falling into the hands of the Azerbaijanis, handed it over to their most ardent enemies, the white army.",
"title": "Conculusion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The white army called for a new congress in Prishib and, according to the decision made at the congress convened by the Soviets in May, the decisions made were considered null and void, and their authority was transferred to the current congress. Upon his release, Ilyashevich resumed leadership and immediately took action against the Azerbaijani partisans. In a letter sent to Yusuf Bey, the leader of one of the partisan groups, he declared that the Bolshevik rule had been overthrown, and his armed force was no longer needed in the region, hence, he should vacate the area within 12 hours or face an attack. In response, Yusuf Bey stated that he recognized no government other than the Azerbaijani government and therefore would not lay down his arms.",
"title": "Conculusion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The AXC intervened in the events. Initially, the white army were defeated due to the attacks they initiated, and in August, during the Lankaran operation conducted in the region, all white army were disarmed.",
"title": "Conculusion"
}
] | Battle of Lankaran was a conflict between Bolshevik, white army, and Azerbaijani forces to seize the city. The battle took place in July 1919. | 2023-12-12T11:21:33Z | 2023-12-22T08:35:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lankaran |
75,544,348 | Thrixion aberrans | Thrixion aberrans is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.
Poland, Albania, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, France, Israel. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Thrixion aberrans is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Poland, Albania, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, France, Israel.",
"title": "Distribution"
}
] | Thrixion aberrans is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae. | 2023-12-12T11:23:22Z | 2023-12-12T11:23:22Z | [
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75,544,367 | Mistral AI | Mistral AI is a French company in artificial intelligence. It was founded in April 2023 by researchers previously employed by Meta and Google: Artur Mensch, Timothée Lacroix and Guillaume Lample. It has raised 385 million euros, or about $415 million in October 2023. In December 2023, it attained a valuation of more than $2 billion.
It produces open source large language models, most notable of them are Mistral 7B and Mixtral 8x7B.
Mistral AI is co-founded in April 2023 by Arthur Mensch, Guillaume Lample and Timothée Lacroix. Before co-founding Mistral AI, Arthur Mensch worked at DeepMind, Google's artificial intelligence laboratory, while Guillaume Lample and Timothée Lacroix worked at Meta.
In June 2023, the start-up carried out a first fundraising of 105 million euros (117 million US$) with investors including the American fund Lightspeed Venture Partners, Eric Schmidt, Xavier Niel and JCDecaux. The valuation is then estimated by the Financial Times at 240 million € (267 million US$).
On September 27, 2023, the company made its language processing model “Mistral 7B” available under the free Apache 2.0 license. This model has 7 billion parameters, a small size compared to its competitors.
On December 10, 2023, Mistral AI announced that it had raised 385 million € (428 million US$) as part of its second fundraising. This round of financing notably involves the Californian fund Andreessen Horowitz, BNP Paribas and the software publisher Salesforce.
On December 11, 2023, the company released the “Mixtral 8x7B” model with 46.7 billion parameters but using only 12.9 billion per token thanks to the mixture of experts architecture. The model masters 5 languages (French, Spanish, Italian, English and German) and outperforms, according to its developers' tests, the "LLama 2 70B" model from Meta. A version trained to follow instructions and called “Mixtral 8x7B Instruct” is also offered. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mistral AI is a French company in artificial intelligence. It was founded in April 2023 by researchers previously employed by Meta and Google: Artur Mensch, Timothée Lacroix and Guillaume Lample. It has raised 385 million euros, or about $415 million in October 2023. In December 2023, it attained a valuation of more than $2 billion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It produces open source large language models, most notable of them are Mistral 7B and Mixtral 8x7B.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Mistral AI is co-founded in April 2023 by Arthur Mensch, Guillaume Lample and Timothée Lacroix. Before co-founding Mistral AI, Arthur Mensch worked at DeepMind, Google's artificial intelligence laboratory, while Guillaume Lample and Timothée Lacroix worked at Meta.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In June 2023, the start-up carried out a first fundraising of 105 million euros (117 million US$) with investors including the American fund Lightspeed Venture Partners, Eric Schmidt, Xavier Niel and JCDecaux. The valuation is then estimated by the Financial Times at 240 million € (267 million US$).",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On September 27, 2023, the company made its language processing model “Mistral 7B” available under the free Apache 2.0 license. This model has 7 billion parameters, a small size compared to its competitors.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On December 10, 2023, Mistral AI announced that it had raised 385 million € (428 million US$) as part of its second fundraising. This round of financing notably involves the Californian fund Andreessen Horowitz, BNP Paribas and the software publisher Salesforce.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On December 11, 2023, the company released the “Mixtral 8x7B” model with 46.7 billion parameters but using only 12.9 billion per token thanks to the mixture of experts architecture. The model masters 5 languages (French, Spanish, Italian, English and German) and outperforms, according to its developers' tests, the \"LLama 2 70B\" model from Meta. A version trained to follow instructions and called “Mixtral 8x7B Instruct” is also offered.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Mistral AI is a French company in artificial intelligence. It was founded in April 2023 by researchers previously employed by Meta and Google: Artur Mensch, Timothée Lacroix and Guillaume Lample. It has raised 385 million euros, or about $415 million in October 2023. In December 2023, it attained a valuation of more than $2 billion. It produces open source large language models, most notable of them are Mistral 7B and Mixtral 8x7B. | 2023-12-12T11:26:03Z | 2023-12-31T00:48:08Z | [
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75,544,385 | Hugo Navizet | Hugo Navizet (born 14 November 2001) is a French professional rugby union player, who plays as a centre for French Pro D2 club Provence. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Hugo Navizet (born 14 November 2001) is a French professional rugby union player, who plays as a centre for French Pro D2 club Provence.",
"title": ""
}
] | Hugo Navizet is a French professional rugby union player, who plays as a centre for French Pro D2 club Provence. | 2023-12-12T11:27:29Z | 2023-12-12T11:27:29Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Navizet |
75,544,395 | List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Germany | The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The "intangible cultural heritage" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention.
France ratified the convention on 10 April 2013. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The \"intangible cultural heritage\" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "France ratified the convention on 10 April 2013.",
"title": ""
}
] | The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The "intangible cultural heritage" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention. France ratified the convention on 10 April 2013. | 2023-12-12T11:27:57Z | 2023-12-13T10:19:23Z | [
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75,544,431 | 2024 in Malawi | This article lists events from the year 2024 in Malawi.
Source: | [
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] | This article lists events from the year 2024 in Malawi. | 2023-12-12T11:32:11Z | 2023-12-14T11:21:14Z | [
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75,544,444 | Shere (disambiguation) | Shere is a village in Surrey, England.
Shere may also refer to: | [
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75,544,457 | List of storms named Pitang | The name Pitang was used for two tropical cyclones by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and its predecessor, the Philippine Weather Bureau, in the Western Pacific Ocean:
The name Pitang was retired after the 1970 season, and was replaced by Pasing in 1974. | [
{
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The name Pitang was retired after the 1970 season, and was replaced by Pasing in 1974.",
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] | The name Pitang was used for two tropical cyclones by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and its predecessor, the Philippine Weather Bureau, in the Western Pacific Ocean: Typhoon Elsie (1966) – a Category 4 super typhoon that produced heavy rain over Taiwan.
Typhoon Georgia (1970) – a Category 5 super typhoon that made landfall on Luzon at peak intensity. The name Pitang was retired after the 1970 season, and was replaced by Pasing in 1974. | 2023-12-12T11:38:16Z | 2023-12-12T11:38:16Z | [
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75,544,465 | Thrixionini | Thrixionini is a tribe of flies in the family Tachinidae. | [
{
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"text": "Thrixionini is a tribe of flies in the family Tachinidae.",
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] | Thrixionini is a tribe of flies in the family Tachinidae. | 2023-12-12T11:40:13Z | 2023-12-12T11:40:13Z | [
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75,544,475 | Goworek of Kurzeszyn | Goworek of Kurzeszyn (Polish: Goworek z Kurzeszyna) was a 14th century cup-bearer of Rawa Mazowiecka, and first known owner of Solec.
Goworek of Kurzeszyn lived in the 14th century. He came from the heraldic clan of Rawicz, and was a cup-bearer of the town of Rawa Mazowiecka, Duchy of Warsaw (now part of Poland).
He was also the first known owner of the town of Solec (now part of Warsaw, Poland). In 1381, he sold it to the city of Warsaw. The transaction was confirmed by duke Janusz I of Warsaw, in the document from 1382.
In 1961, a street in Warsaw was named after him. It is located in the district of Mokotów, and streches from Spacerowa Street to Puławska Street. | [
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"title": "Biography"
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"title": "Biography"
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"text": "In 1961, a street in Warsaw was named after him. It is located in the district of Mokotów, and streches from Spacerowa Street to Puławska Street.",
"title": "Commemorations"
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] | Goworek of Kurzeszyn was a 14th century cup-bearer of Rawa Mazowiecka, and first known owner of Solec. | 2023-12-12T11:43:28Z | 2023-12-13T11:16:46Z | [
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75,544,504 | Kochakhmedli Mosque | Kochakhmedli Mosque is an architectural monument located in the village of Qoçəhmədli in Azerbaijan's Fuzuli district.
Kochakhmedli Mosque, situated in the village of Kochakhmedli in the Fuzuli district, was constructed between 1905 and 1906 by Karbelayi Sefikhan Garabaghi. Positioned on a hillside, it is located above the estate of Shukur bey. The inscription above the entrance gate indicates that the mosque was built during the mentioned years. While there are slight differences in size, its architectural style, design, and layout resemble those of the Hajı Alekber Mosque. The prayer hall of the Kochakhmedli Mosque contains four octagonal stone columns. "The projecting stones and niches, as well as the load-bearing wall columns placed on the same axis, are almost identical structural elements to those in the Hajı Alekber Mosque.
The mosque consists of two floors, with the second floor designated for women.
Following the Soviet occupation, an official struggle against religion started in 1928. In December of the same year, the Central Committee of the Azerbaijani Communist Party transferred many mosques, churches, and synagogues to the balance sheets of educational clubs for instructional purposes. If there were about 3,000 mosques in Azerbaijan in 1917, by 1927, this number had decreased to 1,700, and by 1933, it was 17.
Afterward, the mosques were closed and remained unused.
The village of Kochakhmedli was occupied by the Armenian Armed Forces in 1993.
After Azerbaijan regained its independence, the building of the mosque was included in the list of local significant immovable historical and cultural monuments by the decision No. 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated August 2, 2001.
The village was liberated by the Azerbaijani Army on October 17, 2020. During the period of occupation, the mosque was partially destroyed and used as a barn by the Armenians. | [
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"text": "Kochakhmedli Mosque, situated in the village of Kochakhmedli in the Fuzuli district, was constructed between 1905 and 1906 by Karbelayi Sefikhan Garabaghi. Positioned on a hillside, it is located above the estate of Shukur bey. The inscription above the entrance gate indicates that the mosque was built during the mentioned years. While there are slight differences in size, its architectural style, design, and layout resemble those of the Hajı Alekber Mosque. The prayer hall of the Kochakhmedli Mosque contains four octagonal stone columns. \"The projecting stones and niches, as well as the load-bearing wall columns placed on the same axis, are almost identical structural elements to those in the Hajı Alekber Mosque.",
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"text": "The mosque consists of two floors, with the second floor designated for women.",
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"text": "Following the Soviet occupation, an official struggle against religion started in 1928. In December of the same year, the Central Committee of the Azerbaijani Communist Party transferred many mosques, churches, and synagogues to the balance sheets of educational clubs for instructional purposes. If there were about 3,000 mosques in Azerbaijan in 1917, by 1927, this number had decreased to 1,700, and by 1933, it was 17.",
"title": "History"
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"text": "Afterward, the mosques were closed and remained unused.",
"title": "History"
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{
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"text": "The village of Kochakhmedli was occupied by the Armenian Armed Forces in 1993.",
"title": "History"
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"text": "After Azerbaijan regained its independence, the building of the mosque was included in the list of local significant immovable historical and cultural monuments by the decision No. 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated August 2, 2001.",
"title": "History"
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"text": "The village was liberated by the Azerbaijani Army on October 17, 2020. During the period of occupation, the mosque was partially destroyed and used as a barn by the Armenians.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Kochakhmedli Mosque is an architectural monument located in the village of Qoçəhmədli in Azerbaijan's Fuzuli district. | 2023-12-12T11:49:43Z | 2023-12-29T16:39:01Z | [
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75,544,531 | Aureolaria grandiflora | Aureolaria grandiflora, the large-flowered false foxglove, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to Ontario, Canada, and the central to east-central United States. It is a hemiparasite on oaks in wet areas. | [
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] | Aureolaria grandiflora, the large-flowered false foxglove, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to Ontario, Canada, and the central to east-central United States. It is a hemiparasite on oaks in wet areas. | 2023-12-12T11:54:55Z | 2023-12-12T11:57:07Z | [
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75,544,571 | Daria Gosek-Popiołek | Daria Iwona Gosek-Popiołek (born 16 April 1985) is a Polish politician, activist and manager of arts. She is a member of Left Together and has served as Member of Sejm since 2019.
Gosek-Popiołek was born in Sosnowiec, where she attended high school before moving to Cracow for university. In 2009 she graduated from the Jagiellonian University with a degree in Theatre arts, and also studied philosophy. Back then Gosek-Popiołek helped run academic radio station and worked as a radio host and journalist. Her focus were popular science and culture.
For over five years she was the head of Nowa Huta community center. She also wrote about culture for "Nowe Perypetie".
In 2014 Gosek-Popiołek strongly advocated against a new zoning plan in Cracow and helped raise social awareness about its issues. She also worked in the Urban Innovation Bureau under mayor Jacek Majchrowski.
Gosek-Popiołek is married and has two daughters. She declares being Catholic.
Gosek-Popiołek joined Left Together in 2016. She ran a pro-choice campaign against drastic imagery on anti-abortion posters in public and advocated against hospital visiting fees in the Ministry of Health.
In the 2018 local election she ran for the office of Mayor of Cracow and, simultaneously, for a seat in city council. She did not succeed in either, but in 2019 was elected to Sejm from the Cracow constituency and re-elected in 2023. | [
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"title": "Biography"
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"text": "Gosek-Popiołek is married and has two daughters. She declares being Catholic.",
"title": "Biography"
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"text": "Gosek-Popiołek joined Left Together in 2016. She ran a pro-choice campaign against drastic imagery on anti-abortion posters in public and advocated against hospital visiting fees in the Ministry of Health.",
"title": "Political career"
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"text": "In the 2018 local election she ran for the office of Mayor of Cracow and, simultaneously, for a seat in city council. She did not succeed in either, but in 2019 was elected to Sejm from the Cracow constituency and re-elected in 2023.",
"title": "Political career"
}
] | Daria Iwona Gosek-Popiołek is a Polish politician, activist and manager of arts. She is a member of Left Together and has served as Member of Sejm since 2019. | 2023-12-12T12:00:33Z | 2023-12-30T20:21:33Z | [
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75,544,586 | Torpedo suessii | Torpedo suessii, the Red Sea torpedo, is a species of torpedo ray. | [
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] | Torpedo suessii, the Red Sea torpedo, is a species of torpedo ray. | 2023-12-12T12:01:34Z | 2023-12-30T18:23:21Z | [
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75,544,594 | Azerbaijani-Mongolian cultural relations | Azerbaijani–Mongolian cultural relations (South Azerbaijani: آزربایجان–مونقول مدنی الاقلری, Mongolian: ᠠᠽᠧᠪᠠᠢᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ) started in 13th century with the Mongolian invasion of the areas currently populated by Azerbaijanis. Turkic and Mongolian migration to the area during the Ilkhanate era played major role in forming Azerbaijani people. During the time, Mongols migrated to the area converted to Islam and turkified. In this period Azerbaijani was called "Turkic of our state" by Ibn Muhanna's dictionary. Literatures were written in this language.
During the period of Ilkhanates Shamanist traditions became stronger and lived in folklore, culture, and mythology. In this era, process of conversion to Shia Islam in Iran and Azerbaijan has started. Later on, this became the base for the formation of Turcoman-shia states like Qara Qoyunlu and Safavids.
Orders of Ghazan and Öljaitü khans' and Genghis Khan's laws (Yassa) were used together with Islamic Sharia. During the period of Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu, Azerbaijani Turks considered those Yassas as their national law and remained loyal to it. Ilkhanates applied the Uighur variant of the twelve-animal calendar, which was used until the fall of Qajars. There are toponyms from the Mongol period in the territory of modern Azerbaijan. The "Karabakh" toponym, which is used to name the south of the historical territory of Arran, appeared in this period. In addition to the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, words borrowed from the Mongolian language are also observed in the areas of Eastern Anatolia belonging to the Azerbaijani dialect environment.
From 1256 to 1335 Ilkhanates, and from 1335 to 1337 Chobanids from sulduz tribe were in the region. Mongolian and Turkic noblemen owned the role of political administration in Ilkhanates state. Part of the local Iranian nobility was destroyed. Their lands either seized by the state or Mongolian noblemen. Ilkhanates kept being nomads.
The reason of the unity between Turkic and Mongolian elements in states emerged after the fall of Mongol Empire was nomadic heritage and thousand year long symbiosis in central Asia. At some point Turkic population and military strength were stronger than Mongols. Ilkhanates used Eastern Turkic despite Western Turkic (Oghuz) was spoken in the areas they controlled. Since Seljuks used Arabic and Persian in official documents, the first use of the Turkic language in official documents in Iran was due to the Mongols. After accepting Islam, most of the Mongols assimilated not to the Persians, but to the Turks, to whom they were culturally closer. Turcomans, who were more numerous than the Mongols and were Muslims, quickly lost the Mongols in their midst due to their shared nomadic lifestyle. In fact, the Islamization of Mongols was one of the aspects of Turkification.
Hulagu Khan's vizier Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was completely familiar with the Turkic and Mongolian language and script as well as Mongolian and Easter Turkic customs, culture, and traditions. His son also became completely Turkic. The spoken language of vizier Rashid al-Din Hamadani and his sons, who was originally a Jew, was Turkic. He also knew the Mongolian language perfectly. Although his works reached the modern era in Arabic and Persian, he knew how to write in Turkic and Mongolian languages and adopted Turkic customs and traditions. The daughters of Rashid al-Din and his son Ghiyath al-Din were nicknamed "khatun" in Turkic, and one of Rashid al-Din's grandsons was named Artug.
At the same time as the Turkification of Azerbaijan during the Mongol period, the process of Turkification of the Mongols living there took place, the second process had a positive effect on the first process. The Mongols who accepted Turkism and Islam were a group that spoke Turkic, but had Mongolian historical memory and continued their nomadic life in Iran, Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia. Turko-Mongolian nomads did not lose the military characteristics that are an important function of nomadic life.
The conquest of the region by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century and the influx of Turkic peoples in the following centuries, including the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, led to Turkification in the area where Azerbaijanis currently live. Most of the tribes that formed the Mongol armies, as well as those who were forced to migrate as a result of the Mongol invasions, were Turks. Turkologist Zeki Velidi Togan estimates the number of Turkic-Mongolian tribes that came to Azerbaijan as 2 million people according to primary sources. Nevertheless, it is thought that the physiology of Azerbaijanis is not related to the Mongolian race.
Turks made up a large part of the army of the Ilkhanates, the fifth Mongol nation. Hulagu and his son Abaqa Khan strategically relocated scattered Turkic and Mongolian people to designated areas in Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, and Anatolia during their rule. This intentional resettlement and portraying local Muslim Oghuz nomads as khans and rulers paved the way for consolidation Azerbaijani Turkic identity. In the gradual Turkification of Iranian Azerbaijan, the policy of the Ilkhanates to give land shares (iqta', soyurgal) to the leading military leaders played a role. The presence of the khans themselves and their entourage, and then the Turkoman followers starting with the Jalayirids, as well as the nomads who came from Central Asia with Emir Timur, in these mountainous pasture areas was another factor. As a result, the territory of Azerbaijan and Iraq-i-Ajam became a yaylak and kishlak for 2 million nomads.
During the Mongol period, Turkification was clearly observed in South and North Azerbaijan. Hamdallah Qazvini mentions the Turkic settlements here, and Ibn Battuta speaks about the importance of Tabriz Turks. A number of Turkic and Mongolian tribes were moved to the Mughan Plain during the Ghazan Khan's period. The rest of those tribes were met by Adam Olearius in 17th century. Nizari mentions in his work that the Arran region was overflowing with the army of the Turks (Ilkhanate warriors). After the Ilhanates, during the Jalayirids, Timurids, Qara Qoyunlus and Ak Qoyunlus, the Mongols became Turkic, and the Turkic population increased in Iraq, North and South Azerbaijan.
Although Zakariyya Ghazvini writes that the Turks who lived in the area before the Mongols were removed from the region, in the opinion of Sheikh Safiaddin Ardabili, it is believed that the Turkomans and Kurds in the country remained in their previous places. In any case, the Turks who lived here from the beginning (Seljuk Turks) gave the good territories to the Mongols and Eastern Turks and moved to other parts of the country.
As in the past (Seljuq period), during the Ilkhanate dynasty, Northern Azerbaijan was in the first place in the settlement of Turks and Mongols. In Iranian Azerbaijan, especially around Maragha, Khoy, and Urmia lake had also settlement process as well as Ajam-i-Iraq, the city of Sultaniyya, built between Qazvin-Zanjan, and its surroundings, and partially Ray region.
During the Mongol period, Qajars lived in Khalkhal, Turgais (from the Ilkhanate) in Maragha, Kipchaks and Oirats in Ardabil, Yıvas in Khoy, and Imirs (Amarlu) in the Ghezel Ozan (Gizil Uzan) between Ardabil and Gilan. Even after the invasion of Timurids, part of Ilkhanates continued to live in Maragha. Around Hamadan and in the city, the Qara Qoyunlu people, especially Baharlı branch, formed an important Turkic population. The main parts of Javanshirs, Ak Qoyunlus and Qara Qoyunlus came from Turkestan to Anatolia and Azerbaijan during the Ilkhanate dynasty. Among the Turkoman living in Mughan and Arran, the tribe with the most livestock was Chobanli, which was known to have lived during the Jalayirid period.
Oirats, a Turko-Mongol tribe, were settled in Sheki and Shamakhi region, which was the most powerful and numerous tribe in the Kura basin in its time. The reason Oirat, Garagali, Kharkhatan, Gegir, Orand and Laladulan tribes settled in Lankaran, Neftchala and Lerik regions may be due to the similarity of these regions to Mongolia.
It is belived that the reason for placing Kunjut, Junud, Baydarli, and Tangit tribes in Sheki and Qakh areas, which were the borders of Ilkhanate and Golden Horde, was that these tribes had to protect the border against the Golden Horde with their good fighting skills.
Bayats came to Azerbaijan in 13th century with the Mongol invaders. Padar tribe was settled in Azerbaijan during the Ilkhanate period. According to one of the claims about the origin of their name, the name "padar" is a phonetic distortion of the name of Chagatai Khan's son Baidar.
It is believed that Qajars, came to Iran in the 13th century, and then to the South Caucasus, was one of the Turkic tribes in Hulagu Khan's army. There is a legend that the name of the Qajar comes from the Mongol leader Qajar Noyan. According to Mirza Hasan Zonuzi Khoyi, the origin of the Qajar is Turkestan Mongols. However, other sources think that the Qajars did not come from the Mongols, but from the Khazars.
All court ladies (khavatin), princes, generals (umara), pillars of power and courtiers gathered in Karabakh of Arran and without any pretext or hypocrisy agreed the authority of the Islamic ruler (Gazan Khan').
Rashid al-Din Hamadani
Since the 13th century, place names of Mongolian origin began to appear in Azerbaijan. Other areas bearing the traces of Mongol era tribes are Xançobanlı, Cəlayir, Kurqan, Küngüt (Aşağı və Baş Küngüt), Cunud, Tanqıt, Elciqan, Uriyad, Onqutlu, Tatar, Tatarlı, Xarxatan, Aratkənd, Çirkin, Damğalı, Dolanlar, Alar.
The city of Salyan was called "Dalan-Navur" in Mongolian.
Some of the toponyms seen in historical works, starting with Hulagu Khan and especially Abaqa Khan, are in Turkic, and some are in Mongolian. Lake Sevan in Armenia, which Azerbaijanis call Goycha (Azerbaijani: Göyçə), was called "Kokcha sea" during the rule of Abaga Khan. Some Mongolian place names had Turkic and Persian words used together at first, but later on Persian words were gradually forgotten.
From 15th century (Mongol period), the southern part of Arran began to be called "Garabagh" (Azerbaijani: Qarabağ, lit. 'Black garden'). The word "qara" is of Turkic origin, and "bağ" is of Persian origin.
Sources:
According to Zeki Velidi Togan, the main norms of the Azerbaijani language during the Mongolian dynasty – Ilkhanate period were formed as a result of the mutual influence of the Turkic languages – Oghuz-Turkmen, Kipchak and East Turkestan. The author notes that in the first half of the 14th century, when Ibn Muhanna was compiling the dictionary of Turkic and Mongolian languages spoken during the Ilkhanate period, he mentioned "Turkic language of our country" (Turki arzina) in addition to "Turkmen" and "Turkistan language". The examples attributed to "the Turkic language of our country" in the dictionary can be considered the first examples of the Azerbaijani language. According to experts such as P. M. Melioranski, Bekir Chobanzade, and Ahmad Jafaroghlu, the Azerbaijani language is meant here.
According to Fuat Köprülü, new Turko-Oghuz tribes, who came from the East to West (Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia) as a result of Mongol invasions, added new elements to language of Oghuz people (Turkmans/Turkmen) who settled here earlier during the Seljuk period.
In all forms of the Azerbaijani language there are words borrowed from Mongolian language: yekə (big), qadağan (prohibited), qayçı (scissors), nöqtə (dot), hündür (tall), keşik (guard). These loanwords represent a common Ilkhanate heritage (1256–1335). Unlike Azerbaijani Turkish, Anatolian Turkish does not have such loanwords taken from the Mongolian. In addition, words borrowed from the Mongolian language can be found in the dialects of the Azerbaijani language belonging to the Shirvan region. It is extralinguistic in nature and closely related to historical events.
Mongol invasion and the Ilkhanate rule over both Iranian Azerbaijan and modern Azerbaijan in the subsequent periods led to strengthening of the Shamanistic customs spread there. The customs of Shamanism have undergone changes under the influence of Islam. Some of them have been preserved. The rules of ancient traditions have continued to live in cultural environment of Azerbaijan – in children's folklore and games, ceremonies and beliefs of people. For example, the aş eaten by Azerbaijanis on Thursdays in honor of the spirits of the dead is an ancient form of Shamanism.
It is believed that saya [az; tr] is a Shamanic god and that Sayanism originated in Azerbaijan. The connection between saya and the words Yaya, Dz'aya and Dzayagg mean god in Mongolian shows that saya comes from Shamanism. The belief about saya came to the Altai, and from there to Anatolia and Azerbaijan under the influence of the old shaman Turko-Mongolian cultural environment.
In Maragha, the first capital of the Ilkhanate state, there is a stone-hewn tomb dating back to the Mongol period. The building is deeply connected with Mongolian burial customs. The name of the village where the tomb is located is Varoy in local Azerbaijani literature. This name is linguistically similar to the village of Varay (Viyar) located in Sultaniyya, which was the Elkhani capital in last years of the state. The name of both villages is close to the word Vara given in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari. According to dictionary the word is connected with the myth of the separation of earth and sky. The roots of this expression may go back to religious beliefs about death. The words Varoy and Varay may be words that have been preserved in the Turkic language throughout history and have survived to the present day.
Azerbaijani researchers Mammadhuseyn Tahmasib [az] and Məmmədağa Sultanov [az] claimed that the folklore hero Molla Nasraddin was the minister of the Ilkhanate period, Nasreddin Tusi. The reasons for this are that they lived in the same period, Tusi included anecdotes in one of his works, ridiculed astrologers as a scientist, Molla Nasraddin went to Emir Timur as a representative of the country, the parallel between Nasraddin Tusi being sent to Hulagu Khan by the ruler of Alamut, and both of them having the same name – Hasan. However, Mammadhuseyn Tahmasib stated that this information is not a substantial evidence, but just an allegation.
Tapdig Goy oglu, the hero of an Azerbaijani fairy tale and son of Tufan Div [az], was expelled from heaven to earth. He is part of a legendary group of heroes, akin to God's children in Turkic and Mongolian legends, sent to cleanse the earth of demonic forces. In another Azerbaijani tale, princes throw apples to girls to choose their betrothed, a custom that existed among the Mongols living in Azerbaijan in the 17th century.
The beginning of written classic Azerbaijani Turkic literature coincides with the period after the Mongol invasion. The development of a special style of Azerbaijani poetry between 13th and 14th centuries was partly related to the Eastern Turkic traditions brought to the region from Khorasan during the Mongol period. One of the reasons why Azerbaijanis created their own literature and played a role in its independent evolution was the fact that there were more Turkic and Mongolian elements in Azerbaijan than in Anatolia.
At the beginning of the 14th century, the historian Vassaf wrote verses in Azerbaijani Turkic and mixed them with Eastern Turkic spelling. While the words in the Turkic in the works of Nasiraddin Tusi correspond to Eastern Turkic, the words in the works of Hamdullah Qazvini are in the Azerbaijani dialect. There are prayers, sermons and religious verses written in a Turkic language, which is a mixture of Eastern Turkish and Azerbaijani Turkic, dating back to the first half of the 14th century. In the second half of the 14th century, in Azerbaijan, on the one hand, the works of Khwarazm and Transoxian Turkic poets, including Khujandi, were read, and on the other hand, works were written in Azerbaijani Turkish based on these themes. Among them, Imadaddin Nasimi, Gazi Burhanaddin and Mustafa Zarir [az] from Salur Turks can be mentioned.
Works in Azerbaijani Turkish developed during the period of Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan (1316-1335). The fact that the Azerbaijani language takes a leading place together with Uyghur is evident from the information in the historical works and from the fact that Ajam poets used words from these two languages in their works.
The literary trend that developed during the Mongol period included the Jalayirid ruler Sultan Ahmad. The fact that Sultan Ahmad wrote poems in Turkic is confirmed in the work of Abul Mahasin Yusif Bey Tanribirdi "Al-Nujum al-Zuhirra". The ghazal he wrote shows that Azerbaijani Turkish was used as a literary language in the Jalairid palaces. Sultan Ahmad's ghazal ensured the continuity of Turks and the Turkic language, which prevailed in Jalayirid-Turkic identity fusion.
Sultan Ahmad highly appreciated the musicologist Abdulgadir Maraghayi. Maraghayi had two small couplets in Azerbaijani language. These are called tuyugh and koshuk. It is said that the song was composed for Emir Timur and was sung in front of him. These verses written by Maragayi in Azerbaijani demonstrate the role of the Turkic language in musical gatherings.
We are of the same lineage (origin). These alans are not related by lineage to you so that you should not help them. And their religion is not similar to yours. If you do not stand between them and us, we promise not to touch you. And we will give you as much money and clothes as you want.
Deal between Mongols and Kipchaks in "The Complete History" by Ibn al-Athir
Shamanic rites were performed in the palace of Hulagu Khan and his son Abaga Khan during the Ilkhanate period. The performed rites influenced Turkic Sufis in Anatolia and Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan served as a showcase for Buddhist methods and material culture. The Ilkhanates used their wealth to create gold and silver forms of Buddha in Azerbaijan and Khorasan. Hulagu Khan built a prominent Buddhist temple in Khoy. The territory of Khoy was called "Turkic country" because of the khitay (Chinese) population who came from Uyguristan. This suggests the presence of an immigrant Buddhist population that settled in the area by choice or/and on purpose. They were associated with early Buddhist temple construction in the region and provided masters and students for the project.
Ahmdd Tekuder Khan, the son of Abaga Khan, was extremely interested in Turkic sheikhs. While wintering in Arran, he engaged in sama (musical zikr) in house of a Turkic sheikh named Ishan Mengli. The entry of Jalal ad-Din Rumi into the path of spiritual dance and attraction occurred through a dervish from Tabriz, after witnessing the influence of Turkic Sufi masters. Turkic Sufis of Azerbaijan also managed to win the hearts of the Seljuks in Konya. In addition, as Ibn Batuta noted, it is assumed that Azerbaijani, Anatolian and Khorasan Turkic veterans who built camps around Crimea and lived on war products participated in the campaigns of Nogai Khan, the army general of the Golden Horde.
The Rifiyyah (Ahmadiyya) sect, spread in Iraq, Azerbaijan, Anatolia and even in Golden Horde, benefited from Mongolian shamanism. Mongols used their Sufi role to gain influence in the Islamic environment. The Mongol army fought against supersticious sects (e.g. Javvaliqi) and protected Turkic Sufis such as Bektashi and Baraghi. Superstitious sects wanted to slander the rites of Turkic dervishes by calling them "the work of the devil". Azerbaijan is also among the territories where Javaliqis are dispersed in a distraught and miserable manner.
During the Ilkhanates period, the conversion to Shiism, which would continue for a long time, began in Iran and Azerbaijan. During this period, the base of Turkoman-Shiite states such as Qara Qoyunlu and Safavids was formed. The theological works written by Shia scholars, including Nasraddin Tusi, Allama al-Hilli, Ibn Tawus, etc., which came out of Shia madrasas, are one of the factors that promote the spread of Shiism in the region. By the time the last Ilkhanate ruler, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, died, the Shiite population had begun to reach 20 percent of the empire's population.
Although the Ilkhanates accepted Islam, they did not stop the execution of the laws (Yassa) of Genghis Khan due to the decisions of the period of Öljaitü and Özbeg Khan. Ghazan Khan also took into account the decision to follow Islamic Sharia and Genghis Khan's Yassa together. Azerbaijani and Eastern Anatolian Turks considered the laws of Yassa as their national law during the period of Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu and remained loyal to it.
Rashid al-Din Hamadani's sons Giyasaddin and Jalaluddin were praised and loved by the Turks for their virtues and morals, and for their knowledge of Ilkhanate laws and regulations.
Later, Anatolian Turks considered themselves citizens of Ilkhanate and obeyed its laws. The Azerbaijani poet of the Timurid period, Gazi Burhanaddin, wrote that the force that could force him to do something, just as his lover could do, was the yassa and the khan's friendship, the identity card he knew was the khan's stamp, the state system he knew was khagan, ulu khan, sultan, bey, tutgavul (a security system to protect caravans and roads).
In Iraq-i-Ajam and Azerbaijan, Mongols and Eastern Turks were not engaged in agriculture, so they employed farmers in their territories. In addition, the princes of Juji and Chagatai receive taxes from their hereditary (inçü) lands in Azerbaijan, and this did not change even though the war with the Ilkhanates continued.
During the Ilkhanate dynasty, all Turkoman Oghuz clans of Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia used Turkic year and month names. The use of the 12 animal calendar was due to the influence of Eastern Turkic, and the Mongols adopted the Uighur version of the calendar. Although Mongolian translations were used, Turkish names have retained their importance. In Rashid al-Din Hamadani's historical work, year names are used 26 times in Turkic and 34 times in Mongolian. The names of the months were only in Turkic. In Iran, the Turko-Mongolian animal calendar was used together with the Hijri calendar from the end of the Mongol rule until the fall of Qajars.
I. P. Petrushevsky's research shows that Buddhists and Nestorians were often allied at Ilkhanate palace, while the Muslim elite, supported by factions of the Turkic military aristocracy and Iranian bureaucrats, opposed them. Sometimes the Jews sided with Buddhists.
In the 13th-15th centuries, the lands of the old feudal lords in present-day Azerbaijan and Armenia gradually passed into the hands of the hereditary heads of the nomadic tribes. The Orlat dynasty, which ruled the Sheki rulership that arose at the end of the 14th century, was an Azerbaijanized Turkic-speaking Mongol dynasty. Two members of this dynasty are known – Seyyid Ali Orlat [az] (ca. 1393 – 1399) and Seyyid Ahmad Orlat [az] (1399 – 1423/1424). Darğalar village is located in the Barda region of Azerbaijan. It is believed that the village was founded by Mongol tax officials, descendants of the Dargas, and took its name from them.
Nökər is a title historically used for members of the noble class in Mongol states. It is one of the warrior classes that existed in Turko-Mongol societies in Middle Ages. Translated from the Mongolian language, it means "companion", "warrior", "servant", "helper" and "slave". Amongst Turks, this expression is used in the sense of a groom or groom's son's companion. The title of servant also existed in Azerbaijan. This title can be found in the Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu states as well. Evliya Çelebi notes that the khanates of Baku, Ganja and Iravan had a certain number of servants. In the military unit of the Kangarli cavalry during the Russian Tsarist period, soldiers and nokars came after gentlemen, viceroys and lawyers. The servants of the Kangarli cavalry had a special mark on their collars. The word "nökər" is a name given to a male servant in the modern Azerbaijani language.
The dynasties that replaced the Ilkhanates (Jalairs, Chobanids, Timurids, Aq Qoyunlus, Safavids, Afshars, Qajars) implemented the system of administration of Iran by Turko-Mongolian nomadic political and military elite. Nader Shah, the first ruler of the Afshar dynasty, held a congress in Mughan according to the Turko-Mongol tradition and thus became the ruler. He ordered his poets to write poems about him repeating the conquests of Genghis Khan. The Azerbaijani-speaking Qajars claim that the beginning of their dynasty came from Qajar Noyon, the son of a Mongol commander, and hung paintings of Genghis Khan in Qajar-style clothes in their palaces.
The "Yinshan zhengyao", a court recipe book of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty (1330s), was inspired by Inner and Western Asia. Azerbaijani cuisine includes elements similar to the foods found in this cookbook. An example of such dishes is piti. The piti dish of Azerbaijan is similar to the harissa dish of Iraq, and thus to a number of recipes in the Mongolian book. Quince is also added to Azerbaijan's bozbash dish, as is often done in "Yinshan zhengyao". Jams and sherbets of Azerbaijani cuisine are reminiscent of Turkic and Eastern cuisines and "Yinshan zhenqiao" recipes. The roots of the kebab dish prepared in Azerbaijani, Iranian and Russian cuisine go back to the time when the territory of these countries lived as a part of the old Mongolian civilization.
The Garabaghlar tomb complex, located in the Kangarli district of Nakhchivan, belonging to the Ilkhanate era, includes a tomb, a double minaret, and the remains of a religious building located between these two monuments. It is written in the inscription: "The construction of this building was ordered by Jahan Qudi Khatun". Qudi Khatun is believed to be Qutui Khatu, the wife of Ilkhanate ruler Abaqa.
Traces of archaic traditions created by artists working in the workshops of Ilkhanate vizier Rashid al-Din at the beginning of the 14th century can also be seen in the miniatures of the 15th century Baku artist Abdul Bagi Bakuvi [az; ru; uk]. Bakuvi's "Horse and its Master" is an Islamic version of a warrior image that was very popular in China during the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Azerbaijani–Mongolian cultural relations (South Azerbaijani: آزربایجان–مونقول مدنی الاقلری, Mongolian: ᠠᠽᠧᠪᠠᠢᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ) started in 13th century with the Mongolian invasion of the areas currently populated by Azerbaijanis. Turkic and Mongolian migration to the area during the Ilkhanate era played major role in forming Azerbaijani people. During the time, Mongols migrated to the area converted to Islam and turkified. In this period Azerbaijani was called \"Turkic of our state\" by Ibn Muhanna's dictionary. Literatures were written in this language.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "During the period of Ilkhanates Shamanist traditions became stronger and lived in folklore, culture, and mythology. In this era, process of conversion to Shia Islam in Iran and Azerbaijan has started. Later on, this became the base for the formation of Turcoman-shia states like Qara Qoyunlu and Safavids.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Orders of Ghazan and Öljaitü khans' and Genghis Khan's laws (Yassa) were used together with Islamic Sharia. During the period of Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu, Azerbaijani Turks considered those Yassas as their national law and remained loyal to it. Ilkhanates applied the Uighur variant of the twelve-animal calendar, which was used until the fall of Qajars. There are toponyms from the Mongol period in the territory of modern Azerbaijan. The \"Karabakh\" toponym, which is used to name the south of the historical territory of Arran, appeared in this period. In addition to the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, words borrowed from the Mongolian language are also observed in the areas of Eastern Anatolia belonging to the Azerbaijani dialect environment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "From 1256 to 1335 Ilkhanates, and from 1335 to 1337 Chobanids from sulduz tribe were in the region. Mongolian and Turkic noblemen owned the role of political administration in Ilkhanates state. Part of the local Iranian nobility was destroyed. Their lands either seized by the state or Mongolian noblemen. Ilkhanates kept being nomads.",
"title": "Historical and cultural environment"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The reason of the unity between Turkic and Mongolian elements in states emerged after the fall of Mongol Empire was nomadic heritage and thousand year long symbiosis in central Asia. At some point Turkic population and military strength were stronger than Mongols. Ilkhanates used Eastern Turkic despite Western Turkic (Oghuz) was spoken in the areas they controlled. Since Seljuks used Arabic and Persian in official documents, the first use of the Turkic language in official documents in Iran was due to the Mongols. After accepting Islam, most of the Mongols assimilated not to the Persians, but to the Turks, to whom they were culturally closer. Turcomans, who were more numerous than the Mongols and were Muslims, quickly lost the Mongols in their midst due to their shared nomadic lifestyle. In fact, the Islamization of Mongols was one of the aspects of Turkification.",
"title": "Historical and cultural environment"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Hulagu Khan's vizier Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was completely familiar with the Turkic and Mongolian language and script as well as Mongolian and Easter Turkic customs, culture, and traditions. His son also became completely Turkic. The spoken language of vizier Rashid al-Din Hamadani and his sons, who was originally a Jew, was Turkic. He also knew the Mongolian language perfectly. Although his works reached the modern era in Arabic and Persian, he knew how to write in Turkic and Mongolian languages and adopted Turkic customs and traditions. The daughters of Rashid al-Din and his son Ghiyath al-Din were nicknamed \"khatun\" in Turkic, and one of Rashid al-Din's grandsons was named Artug.",
"title": "Historical and cultural environment"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "At the same time as the Turkification of Azerbaijan during the Mongol period, the process of Turkification of the Mongols living there took place, the second process had a positive effect on the first process. The Mongols who accepted Turkism and Islam were a group that spoke Turkic, but had Mongolian historical memory and continued their nomadic life in Iran, Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia. Turko-Mongolian nomads did not lose the military characteristics that are an important function of nomadic life.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The conquest of the region by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century and the influx of Turkic peoples in the following centuries, including the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, led to Turkification in the area where Azerbaijanis currently live. Most of the tribes that formed the Mongol armies, as well as those who were forced to migrate as a result of the Mongol invasions, were Turks. Turkologist Zeki Velidi Togan estimates the number of Turkic-Mongolian tribes that came to Azerbaijan as 2 million people according to primary sources. Nevertheless, it is thought that the physiology of Azerbaijanis is not related to the Mongolian race.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Turks made up a large part of the army of the Ilkhanates, the fifth Mongol nation. Hulagu and his son Abaqa Khan strategically relocated scattered Turkic and Mongolian people to designated areas in Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, and Anatolia during their rule. This intentional resettlement and portraying local Muslim Oghuz nomads as khans and rulers paved the way for consolidation Azerbaijani Turkic identity. In the gradual Turkification of Iranian Azerbaijan, the policy of the Ilkhanates to give land shares (iqta', soyurgal) to the leading military leaders played a role. The presence of the khans themselves and their entourage, and then the Turkoman followers starting with the Jalayirids, as well as the nomads who came from Central Asia with Emir Timur, in these mountainous pasture areas was another factor. As a result, the territory of Azerbaijan and Iraq-i-Ajam became a yaylak and kishlak for 2 million nomads.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "During the Mongol period, Turkification was clearly observed in South and North Azerbaijan. Hamdallah Qazvini mentions the Turkic settlements here, and Ibn Battuta speaks about the importance of Tabriz Turks. A number of Turkic and Mongolian tribes were moved to the Mughan Plain during the Ghazan Khan's period. The rest of those tribes were met by Adam Olearius in 17th century. Nizari mentions in his work that the Arran region was overflowing with the army of the Turks (Ilkhanate warriors). After the Ilhanates, during the Jalayirids, Timurids, Qara Qoyunlus and Ak Qoyunlus, the Mongols became Turkic, and the Turkic population increased in Iraq, North and South Azerbaijan.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Although Zakariyya Ghazvini writes that the Turks who lived in the area before the Mongols were removed from the region, in the opinion of Sheikh Safiaddin Ardabili, it is believed that the Turkomans and Kurds in the country remained in their previous places. In any case, the Turks who lived here from the beginning (Seljuk Turks) gave the good territories to the Mongols and Eastern Turks and moved to other parts of the country.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "As in the past (Seljuq period), during the Ilkhanate dynasty, Northern Azerbaijan was in the first place in the settlement of Turks and Mongols. In Iranian Azerbaijan, especially around Maragha, Khoy, and Urmia lake had also settlement process as well as Ajam-i-Iraq, the city of Sultaniyya, built between Qazvin-Zanjan, and its surroundings, and partially Ray region.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "During the Mongol period, Qajars lived in Khalkhal, Turgais (from the Ilkhanate) in Maragha, Kipchaks and Oirats in Ardabil, Yıvas in Khoy, and Imirs (Amarlu) in the Ghezel Ozan (Gizil Uzan) between Ardabil and Gilan. Even after the invasion of Timurids, part of Ilkhanates continued to live in Maragha. Around Hamadan and in the city, the Qara Qoyunlu people, especially Baharlı branch, formed an important Turkic population. The main parts of Javanshirs, Ak Qoyunlus and Qara Qoyunlus came from Turkestan to Anatolia and Azerbaijan during the Ilkhanate dynasty. Among the Turkoman living in Mughan and Arran, the tribe with the most livestock was Chobanli, which was known to have lived during the Jalayirid period.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Oirats, a Turko-Mongol tribe, were settled in Sheki and Shamakhi region, which was the most powerful and numerous tribe in the Kura basin in its time. The reason Oirat, Garagali, Kharkhatan, Gegir, Orand and Laladulan tribes settled in Lankaran, Neftchala and Lerik regions may be due to the similarity of these regions to Mongolia.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "It is belived that the reason for placing Kunjut, Junud, Baydarli, and Tangit tribes in Sheki and Qakh areas, which were the borders of Ilkhanate and Golden Horde, was that these tribes had to protect the border against the Golden Horde with their good fighting skills.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Bayats came to Azerbaijan in 13th century with the Mongol invaders. Padar tribe was settled in Azerbaijan during the Ilkhanate period. According to one of the claims about the origin of their name, the name \"padar\" is a phonetic distortion of the name of Chagatai Khan's son Baidar.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "It is believed that Qajars, came to Iran in the 13th century, and then to the South Caucasus, was one of the Turkic tribes in Hulagu Khan's army. There is a legend that the name of the Qajar comes from the Mongol leader Qajar Noyan. According to Mirza Hasan Zonuzi Khoyi, the origin of the Qajar is Turkestan Mongols. However, other sources think that the Qajars did not come from the Mongols, but from the Khazars.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "All court ladies (khavatin), princes, generals (umara), pillars of power and courtiers gathered in Karabakh of Arran and without any pretext or hypocrisy agreed the authority of the Islamic ruler (Gazan Khan').",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Rashid al-Din Hamadani",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Since the 13th century, place names of Mongolian origin began to appear in Azerbaijan. Other areas bearing the traces of Mongol era tribes are Xançobanlı, Cəlayir, Kurqan, Küngüt (Aşağı və Baş Küngüt), Cunud, Tanqıt, Elciqan, Uriyad, Onqutlu, Tatar, Tatarlı, Xarxatan, Aratkənd, Çirkin, Damğalı, Dolanlar, Alar.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The city of Salyan was called \"Dalan-Navur\" in Mongolian.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Some of the toponyms seen in historical works, starting with Hulagu Khan and especially Abaqa Khan, are in Turkic, and some are in Mongolian. Lake Sevan in Armenia, which Azerbaijanis call Goycha (Azerbaijani: Göyçə), was called \"Kokcha sea\" during the rule of Abaga Khan. Some Mongolian place names had Turkic and Persian words used together at first, but later on Persian words were gradually forgotten.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "From 15th century (Mongol period), the southern part of Arran began to be called \"Garabagh\" (Azerbaijani: Qarabağ, lit. 'Black garden'). The word \"qara\" is of Turkic origin, and \"bağ\" is of Persian origin.",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Sources:",
"title": "Formation of Azerbaijanis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "According to Zeki Velidi Togan, the main norms of the Azerbaijani language during the Mongolian dynasty – Ilkhanate period were formed as a result of the mutual influence of the Turkic languages – Oghuz-Turkmen, Kipchak and East Turkestan. The author notes that in the first half of the 14th century, when Ibn Muhanna was compiling the dictionary of Turkic and Mongolian languages spoken during the Ilkhanate period, he mentioned \"Turkic language of our country\" (Turki arzina) in addition to \"Turkmen\" and \"Turkistan language\". The examples attributed to \"the Turkic language of our country\" in the dictionary can be considered the first examples of the Azerbaijani language. According to experts such as P. M. Melioranski, Bekir Chobanzade, and Ahmad Jafaroghlu, the Azerbaijani language is meant here.",
"title": "Language"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "According to Fuat Köprülü, new Turko-Oghuz tribes, who came from the East to West (Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia) as a result of Mongol invasions, added new elements to language of Oghuz people (Turkmans/Turkmen) who settled here earlier during the Seljuk period.",
"title": "Language"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "In all forms of the Azerbaijani language there are words borrowed from Mongolian language: yekə (big), qadağan (prohibited), qayçı (scissors), nöqtə (dot), hündür (tall), keşik (guard). These loanwords represent a common Ilkhanate heritage (1256–1335). Unlike Azerbaijani Turkish, Anatolian Turkish does not have such loanwords taken from the Mongolian. In addition, words borrowed from the Mongolian language can be found in the dialects of the Azerbaijani language belonging to the Shirvan region. It is extralinguistic in nature and closely related to historical events.",
"title": "Language"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "Mongol invasion and the Ilkhanate rule over both Iranian Azerbaijan and modern Azerbaijan in the subsequent periods led to strengthening of the Shamanistic customs spread there. The customs of Shamanism have undergone changes under the influence of Islam. Some of them have been preserved. The rules of ancient traditions have continued to live in cultural environment of Azerbaijan – in children's folklore and games, ceremonies and beliefs of people. For example, the aş eaten by Azerbaijanis on Thursdays in honor of the spirits of the dead is an ancient form of Shamanism.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "It is believed that saya [az; tr] is a Shamanic god and that Sayanism originated in Azerbaijan. The connection between saya and the words Yaya, Dz'aya and Dzayagg mean god in Mongolian shows that saya comes from Shamanism. The belief about saya came to the Altai, and from there to Anatolia and Azerbaijan under the influence of the old shaman Turko-Mongolian cultural environment.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "In Maragha, the first capital of the Ilkhanate state, there is a stone-hewn tomb dating back to the Mongol period. The building is deeply connected with Mongolian burial customs. The name of the village where the tomb is located is Varoy in local Azerbaijani literature. This name is linguistically similar to the village of Varay (Viyar) located in Sultaniyya, which was the Elkhani capital in last years of the state. The name of both villages is close to the word Vara given in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari. According to dictionary the word is connected with the myth of the separation of earth and sky. The roots of this expression may go back to religious beliefs about death. The words Varoy and Varay may be words that have been preserved in the Turkic language throughout history and have survived to the present day.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "Azerbaijani researchers Mammadhuseyn Tahmasib [az] and Məmmədağa Sultanov [az] claimed that the folklore hero Molla Nasraddin was the minister of the Ilkhanate period, Nasreddin Tusi. The reasons for this are that they lived in the same period, Tusi included anecdotes in one of his works, ridiculed astrologers as a scientist, Molla Nasraddin went to Emir Timur as a representative of the country, the parallel between Nasraddin Tusi being sent to Hulagu Khan by the ruler of Alamut, and both of them having the same name – Hasan. However, Mammadhuseyn Tahmasib stated that this information is not a substantial evidence, but just an allegation.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "Tapdig Goy oglu, the hero of an Azerbaijani fairy tale and son of Tufan Div [az], was expelled from heaven to earth. He is part of a legendary group of heroes, akin to God's children in Turkic and Mongolian legends, sent to cleanse the earth of demonic forces. In another Azerbaijani tale, princes throw apples to girls to choose their betrothed, a custom that existed among the Mongols living in Azerbaijan in the 17th century.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "The beginning of written classic Azerbaijani Turkic literature coincides with the period after the Mongol invasion. The development of a special style of Azerbaijani poetry between 13th and 14th centuries was partly related to the Eastern Turkic traditions brought to the region from Khorasan during the Mongol period. One of the reasons why Azerbaijanis created their own literature and played a role in its independent evolution was the fact that there were more Turkic and Mongolian elements in Azerbaijan than in Anatolia.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "At the beginning of the 14th century, the historian Vassaf wrote verses in Azerbaijani Turkic and mixed them with Eastern Turkic spelling. While the words in the Turkic in the works of Nasiraddin Tusi correspond to Eastern Turkic, the words in the works of Hamdullah Qazvini are in the Azerbaijani dialect. There are prayers, sermons and religious verses written in a Turkic language, which is a mixture of Eastern Turkish and Azerbaijani Turkic, dating back to the first half of the 14th century. In the second half of the 14th century, in Azerbaijan, on the one hand, the works of Khwarazm and Transoxian Turkic poets, including Khujandi, were read, and on the other hand, works were written in Azerbaijani Turkish based on these themes. Among them, Imadaddin Nasimi, Gazi Burhanaddin and Mustafa Zarir [az] from Salur Turks can be mentioned.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "Works in Azerbaijani Turkish developed during the period of Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan (1316-1335). The fact that the Azerbaijani language takes a leading place together with Uyghur is evident from the information in the historical works and from the fact that Ajam poets used words from these two languages in their works.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "The literary trend that developed during the Mongol period included the Jalayirid ruler Sultan Ahmad. The fact that Sultan Ahmad wrote poems in Turkic is confirmed in the work of Abul Mahasin Yusif Bey Tanribirdi \"Al-Nujum al-Zuhirra\". The ghazal he wrote shows that Azerbaijani Turkish was used as a literary language in the Jalairid palaces. Sultan Ahmad's ghazal ensured the continuity of Turks and the Turkic language, which prevailed in Jalayirid-Turkic identity fusion.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "Sultan Ahmad highly appreciated the musicologist Abdulgadir Maraghayi. Maraghayi had two small couplets in Azerbaijani language. These are called tuyugh and koshuk. It is said that the song was composed for Emir Timur and was sung in front of him. These verses written by Maragayi in Azerbaijani demonstrate the role of the Turkic language in musical gatherings.",
"title": "Music"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "We are of the same lineage (origin). These alans are not related by lineage to you so that you should not help them. And their religion is not similar to yours. If you do not stand between them and us, we promise not to touch you. And we will give you as much money and clothes as you want.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "Deal between Mongols and Kipchaks in \"The Complete History\" by Ibn al-Athir",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "Shamanic rites were performed in the palace of Hulagu Khan and his son Abaga Khan during the Ilkhanate period. The performed rites influenced Turkic Sufis in Anatolia and Azerbaijan.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "Azerbaijan served as a showcase for Buddhist methods and material culture. The Ilkhanates used their wealth to create gold and silver forms of Buddha in Azerbaijan and Khorasan. Hulagu Khan built a prominent Buddhist temple in Khoy. The territory of Khoy was called \"Turkic country\" because of the khitay (Chinese) population who came from Uyguristan. This suggests the presence of an immigrant Buddhist population that settled in the area by choice or/and on purpose. They were associated with early Buddhist temple construction in the region and provided masters and students for the project.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "Ahmdd Tekuder Khan, the son of Abaga Khan, was extremely interested in Turkic sheikhs. While wintering in Arran, he engaged in sama (musical zikr) in house of a Turkic sheikh named Ishan Mengli. The entry of Jalal ad-Din Rumi into the path of spiritual dance and attraction occurred through a dervish from Tabriz, after witnessing the influence of Turkic Sufi masters. Turkic Sufis of Azerbaijan also managed to win the hearts of the Seljuks in Konya. In addition, as Ibn Batuta noted, it is assumed that Azerbaijani, Anatolian and Khorasan Turkic veterans who built camps around Crimea and lived on war products participated in the campaigns of Nogai Khan, the army general of the Golden Horde.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "The Rifiyyah (Ahmadiyya) sect, spread in Iraq, Azerbaijan, Anatolia and even in Golden Horde, benefited from Mongolian shamanism. Mongols used their Sufi role to gain influence in the Islamic environment. The Mongol army fought against supersticious sects (e.g. Javvaliqi) and protected Turkic Sufis such as Bektashi and Baraghi. Superstitious sects wanted to slander the rites of Turkic dervishes by calling them \"the work of the devil\". Azerbaijan is also among the territories where Javaliqis are dispersed in a distraught and miserable manner.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "During the Ilkhanates period, the conversion to Shiism, which would continue for a long time, began in Iran and Azerbaijan. During this period, the base of Turkoman-Shiite states such as Qara Qoyunlu and Safavids was formed. The theological works written by Shia scholars, including Nasraddin Tusi, Allama al-Hilli, Ibn Tawus, etc., which came out of Shia madrasas, are one of the factors that promote the spread of Shiism in the region. By the time the last Ilkhanate ruler, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, died, the Shiite population had begun to reach 20 percent of the empire's population.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "Although the Ilkhanates accepted Islam, they did not stop the execution of the laws (Yassa) of Genghis Khan due to the decisions of the period of Öljaitü and Özbeg Khan. Ghazan Khan also took into account the decision to follow Islamic Sharia and Genghis Khan's Yassa together. Azerbaijani and Eastern Anatolian Turks considered the laws of Yassa as their national law during the period of Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu and remained loyal to it.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "Rashid al-Din Hamadani's sons Giyasaddin and Jalaluddin were praised and loved by the Turks for their virtues and morals, and for their knowledge of Ilkhanate laws and regulations.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "Later, Anatolian Turks considered themselves citizens of Ilkhanate and obeyed its laws. The Azerbaijani poet of the Timurid period, Gazi Burhanaddin, wrote that the force that could force him to do something, just as his lover could do, was the yassa and the khan's friendship, the identity card he knew was the khan's stamp, the state system he knew was khagan, ulu khan, sultan, bey, tutgavul (a security system to protect caravans and roads).",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "In Iraq-i-Ajam and Azerbaijan, Mongols and Eastern Turks were not engaged in agriculture, so they employed farmers in their territories. In addition, the princes of Juji and Chagatai receive taxes from their hereditary (inçü) lands in Azerbaijan, and this did not change even though the war with the Ilkhanates continued.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "During the Ilkhanate dynasty, all Turkoman Oghuz clans of Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia used Turkic year and month names. The use of the 12 animal calendar was due to the influence of Eastern Turkic, and the Mongols adopted the Uighur version of the calendar. Although Mongolian translations were used, Turkish names have retained their importance. In Rashid al-Din Hamadani's historical work, year names are used 26 times in Turkic and 34 times in Mongolian. The names of the months were only in Turkic. In Iran, the Turko-Mongolian animal calendar was used together with the Hijri calendar from the end of the Mongol rule until the fall of Qajars.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "I. P. Petrushevsky's research shows that Buddhists and Nestorians were often allied at Ilkhanate palace, while the Muslim elite, supported by factions of the Turkic military aristocracy and Iranian bureaucrats, opposed them. Sometimes the Jews sided with Buddhists.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "In the 13th-15th centuries, the lands of the old feudal lords in present-day Azerbaijan and Armenia gradually passed into the hands of the hereditary heads of the nomadic tribes. The Orlat dynasty, which ruled the Sheki rulership that arose at the end of the 14th century, was an Azerbaijanized Turkic-speaking Mongol dynasty. Two members of this dynasty are known – Seyyid Ali Orlat [az] (ca. 1393 – 1399) and Seyyid Ahmad Orlat [az] (1399 – 1423/1424). Darğalar village is located in the Barda region of Azerbaijan. It is believed that the village was founded by Mongol tax officials, descendants of the Dargas, and took its name from them.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "Nökər is a title historically used for members of the noble class in Mongol states. It is one of the warrior classes that existed in Turko-Mongol societies in Middle Ages. Translated from the Mongolian language, it means \"companion\", \"warrior\", \"servant\", \"helper\" and \"slave\". Amongst Turks, this expression is used in the sense of a groom or groom's son's companion. The title of servant also existed in Azerbaijan. This title can be found in the Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu states as well. Evliya Çelebi notes that the khanates of Baku, Ganja and Iravan had a certain number of servants. In the military unit of the Kangarli cavalry during the Russian Tsarist period, soldiers and nokars came after gentlemen, viceroys and lawyers. The servants of the Kangarli cavalry had a special mark on their collars. The word \"nökər\" is a name given to a male servant in the modern Azerbaijani language.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "The dynasties that replaced the Ilkhanates (Jalairs, Chobanids, Timurids, Aq Qoyunlus, Safavids, Afshars, Qajars) implemented the system of administration of Iran by Turko-Mongolian nomadic political and military elite. Nader Shah, the first ruler of the Afshar dynasty, held a congress in Mughan according to the Turko-Mongol tradition and thus became the ruler. He ordered his poets to write poems about him repeating the conquests of Genghis Khan. The Azerbaijani-speaking Qajars claim that the beginning of their dynasty came from Qajar Noyon, the son of a Mongol commander, and hung paintings of Genghis Khan in Qajar-style clothes in their palaces.",
"title": "Social life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "The \"Yinshan zhengyao\", a court recipe book of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty (1330s), was inspired by Inner and Western Asia. Azerbaijani cuisine includes elements similar to the foods found in this cookbook. An example of such dishes is piti. The piti dish of Azerbaijan is similar to the harissa dish of Iraq, and thus to a number of recipes in the Mongolian book. Quince is also added to Azerbaijan's bozbash dish, as is often done in \"Yinshan zhengyao\". Jams and sherbets of Azerbaijani cuisine are reminiscent of Turkic and Eastern cuisines and \"Yinshan zhenqiao\" recipes. The roots of the kebab dish prepared in Azerbaijani, Iranian and Russian cuisine go back to the time when the territory of these countries lived as a part of the old Mongolian civilization.",
"title": "Culinary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "The Garabaghlar tomb complex, located in the Kangarli district of Nakhchivan, belonging to the Ilkhanate era, includes a tomb, a double minaret, and the remains of a religious building located between these two monuments. It is written in the inscription: \"The construction of this building was ordered by Jahan Qudi Khatun\". Qudi Khatun is believed to be Qutui Khatu, the wife of Ilkhanate ruler Abaqa.",
"title": "Cultural heritage in modern era"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "Traces of archaic traditions created by artists working in the workshops of Ilkhanate vizier Rashid al-Din at the beginning of the 14th century can also be seen in the miniatures of the 15th century Baku artist Abdul Bagi Bakuvi [az; ru; uk]. Bakuvi's \"Horse and its Master\" is an Islamic version of a warrior image that was very popular in China during the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.",
"title": "Cultural heritage in modern era"
}
] | Azerbaijani–Mongolian cultural relations started in 13th century with the Mongolian invasion of the areas currently populated by Azerbaijanis. Turkic and Mongolian migration to the area during the Ilkhanate era played major role in forming Azerbaijani people. During the time, Mongols migrated to the area converted to Islam and turkified. In this period Azerbaijani was called "Turkic of our state" by Ibn Muhanna's dictionary. Literatures were written in this language. During the period of Ilkhanates Shamanist traditions became stronger and lived in folklore, culture, and mythology. In this era, process of conversion to Shia Islam in Iran and Azerbaijan has started. Later on, this became the base for the formation of Turcoman-shia states like Qara Qoyunlu and Safavids. Orders of Ghazan and Öljaitü khans' and Genghis Khan's laws (Yassa) were used together with Islamic Sharia. During the period of Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu, Azerbaijani Turks considered those Yassas as their national law and remained loyal to it. Ilkhanates applied the Uighur variant of the twelve-animal calendar, which was used until the fall of Qajars. There are toponyms from the Mongol period in the territory of modern Azerbaijan. The "Karabakh" toponym, which is used to name the south of the historical territory of Arran, appeared in this period. In addition to the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, words borrowed from the Mongolian language are also observed in the areas of Eastern Anatolia belonging to the Azerbaijani dialect environment. | 2023-12-12T12:04:34Z | 2023-12-30T23:40:13Z | [
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75,544,595 | Buccaspinea | Buccaspinea is an extinct genus of Cambrian peytoiid radiodont from the Marjum Formation, known from frontal appendages and a nearly complete albeit headless specimen with a preserved oral cone. Buccaspinea was described in January 2021, being the second-most recent hurdiid genus to be described.
Buccaspinea means “thorn mouth”, referring to the large hooked spines on its oral cone. The specific name, cooperi honours Jason Cooper, the discoverer of the specimen.
Buccaspinea is roughly 10 centimetres long and has large, long-spined appendages seemingly used for capturing benthic prey, as they are not branched for sifting sediment or filter-feeding. Buccaspinea appears to be closely related to Hurdia and Peytoia, sharing many characters with them, for example a lack of inner teeth, weak posterior tapering and many flap-bearing segments. Unusually, it does not seem to have dorsal flaps, a trait unique to it and a few other hurdiids, such as Cambroraster. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Buccaspinea is an extinct genus of Cambrian peytoiid radiodont from the Marjum Formation, known from frontal appendages and a nearly complete albeit headless specimen with a preserved oral cone. Buccaspinea was described in January 2021, being the second-most recent hurdiid genus to be described.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Buccaspinea means “thorn mouth”, referring to the large hooked spines on its oral cone. The specific name, cooperi honours Jason Cooper, the discoverer of the specimen.",
"title": "Etymology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Buccaspinea is roughly 10 centimetres long and has large, long-spined appendages seemingly used for capturing benthic prey, as they are not branched for sifting sediment or filter-feeding. Buccaspinea appears to be closely related to Hurdia and Peytoia, sharing many characters with them, for example a lack of inner teeth, weak posterior tapering and many flap-bearing segments. Unusually, it does not seem to have dorsal flaps, a trait unique to it and a few other hurdiids, such as Cambroraster.",
"title": "Description"
}
] | Buccaspinea is an extinct genus of Cambrian peytoiid radiodont from the Marjum Formation, known from frontal appendages and a nearly complete albeit headless specimen with a preserved oral cone. Buccaspinea was described in January 2021, being the second-most recent hurdiid genus to be described. | 2023-12-12T12:04:47Z | 2023-12-13T09:12:14Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccaspinea |
75,544,606 | Cotti Coffee | Cotti Coffee is a Chinese coffee company and coffeehouse chain, with 6,061 coffee shops.
Cotti Coffee was founded in August 2022 by two former Luckin Coffee executives, and as of December 2023 has 6,061 coffee shops. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Cotti Coffee is a Chinese coffee company and coffeehouse chain, with 6,061 coffee shops.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Cotti Coffee was founded in August 2022 by two former Luckin Coffee executives, and as of December 2023 has 6,061 coffee shops.",
"title": ""
}
] | Cotti Coffee is a Chinese coffee company and coffeehouse chain, with 6,061 coffee shops. Cotti Coffee was founded in August 2022 by two former Luckin Coffee executives, and as of December 2023 has 6,061 coffee shops. | 2023-12-12T12:07:50Z | 2023-12-27T18:30:33Z | [
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75,544,607 | Base (heraldry) | The base, more formally the terrace in base or champagne, is a heraldic charge that occupies the lower third of the field. It is in that sense the inverse correlate of the chief. In French heraldry, the champagne is considered an ‘honourable ordinary’ (‘pièce honorable’), but in English heraldry it is frequently omitted from lists of the ‘honourable ordinaries’, and grouped, if at all, with the subordinaries. The diminutive of the base, occupying one half the height of the ordinary, is termed ‘plaine’ in French heraldry. Another, now less common, English language term for the base is the ‘Foot’, a usage the recalls the Germanic Schildfuß, Danish skjoldfod, or Dutch schildvoet.
In English heraldry, the terms base, terrace in base, and champagne are synonyms that include both charges with a straight-line upper edge running parallel to the chief and those with an upper edge curved or otherwise varied. Standard variations are the mount and trimount. In French heraldry in contrast, the terms champagne and its diminutive plaine are reserved for those with straight upper edges and the term terrasse (terrace in base) for those with curved or otherwise varied upper edges. Terraces in base with stepwise edges are blasoned in French as "terrasse pignonnée". The latter (‘terrasse’) are furthermore classed as mobile charges rather than ‘honourable ordinaries’.
Chief (heraldry) Side (heraldry) Gallery of flags by design | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The base, more formally the terrace in base or champagne, is a heraldic charge that occupies the lower third of the field. It is in that sense the inverse correlate of the chief. In French heraldry, the champagne is considered an ‘honourable ordinary’ (‘pièce honorable’), but in English heraldry it is frequently omitted from lists of the ‘honourable ordinaries’, and grouped, if at all, with the subordinaries. The diminutive of the base, occupying one half the height of the ordinary, is termed ‘plaine’ in French heraldry. Another, now less common, English language term for the base is the ‘Foot’, a usage the recalls the Germanic Schildfuß, Danish skjoldfod, or Dutch schildvoet.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In English heraldry, the terms base, terrace in base, and champagne are synonyms that include both charges with a straight-line upper edge running parallel to the chief and those with an upper edge curved or otherwise varied. Standard variations are the mount and trimount. In French heraldry in contrast, the terms champagne and its diminutive plaine are reserved for those with straight upper edges and the term terrasse (terrace in base) for those with curved or otherwise varied upper edges. Terraces in base with stepwise edges are blasoned in French as \"terrasse pignonnée\". The latter (‘terrasse’) are furthermore classed as mobile charges rather than ‘honourable ordinaries’.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Chief (heraldry) Side (heraldry) Gallery of flags by design",
"title": "See also"
}
] | The base, more formally the terrace in base or champagne, is a heraldic charge that occupies the lower third of the field. It is in that sense the inverse correlate of the chief. In French heraldry, the champagne is considered an ‘honourable ordinary’, but in English heraldry it is frequently omitted from lists of the ‘honourable ordinaries’, and grouped, if at all, with the subordinaries. The diminutive of the base, occupying one half the height of the ordinary, is termed ‘plaine’ in French heraldry. Another, now less common, English language term for the base is the ‘Foot’, a usage the recalls the Germanic Schildfuß, Danish skjoldfod, or Dutch schildvoet. In English heraldry, the terms base, terrace in base, and champagne are synonyms that include both charges with a straight-line upper edge running parallel to the chief and those with an upper edge curved or otherwise varied. Standard variations are the mount and trimount. In French heraldry in contrast, the terms champagne and its diminutive plaine are reserved for those with straight upper edges and the term terrasse for those with curved or otherwise varied upper edges. Terraces in base with stepwise edges are blasoned in French as "terrasse pignonnée". The latter (‘terrasse’) are furthermore classed as mobile charges rather than ‘honourable ordinaries’. | 2023-12-12T12:07:54Z | 2023-12-28T03:26:14Z | [
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75,544,615 | Skeleton at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics | Skeleton at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 22 to 23 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea.
All times are in KST (UTC+9)
* Host nation (South Korea)
Each NOC with an athlete in the IBSF Youth Olympics Ranking List will receive a quota place, with additional quota being filled until 20 quotas have been reached., with max. 3 per NOC.
These are the quota obtained by each NOC: | [
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"text": "Skeleton at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 22 to 23 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "All times are in KST (UTC+9)",
"title": "Schedule"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "* Host nation (South Korea)",
"title": "Medal summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Each NOC with an athlete in the IBSF Youth Olympics Ranking List will receive a quota place, with additional quota being filled until 20 quotas have been reached., with max. 3 per NOC.",
"title": "Qualification"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "These are the quota obtained by each NOC:",
"title": "Qualification"
}
] | Skeleton at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 22 to 23 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea. | 2023-12-12T12:08:59Z | 2023-12-12T12:27:51Z | [
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75,544,656 | Vicksburg High School (Mississippi) | Not to be confused with Vicksburg High School (Michigan)
Vicksburg High School is in Vicksburg, Mississippi. It is at 3701 Drummond Street. As of 2023 the school has about 714 students. The student body is about 85 percent African American, 10 percent white, and 2 percent hispanic. One hundred percent of the students are listed as economically disadvantaged. The school has low test scores. In 2023 the high school acores a B grade from the Mississippi Department of Education.
Gators are the school mascot and the school colors are green and white. The school competes in the Mississippi High School Activities Association as part of the Big Eight League. It has rivalries with Warren Central High School and Murrah High School.
LaToya Sims-Allen is the school's principal. Kent Willis is the school's baseball coach. It won division championships. Kristin Chapman helped lead the Missy Gators soccer team to state championships in 1996, 1998, and 1999.
Rosa A. Temple High School served Vicksburg's African American students during segregation.
In 1982, the school received national coverage after it began offering a course on the Mississippi River. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Not to be confused with Vicksburg High School (Michigan)",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Vicksburg High School is in Vicksburg, Mississippi. It is at 3701 Drummond Street. As of 2023 the school has about 714 students. The student body is about 85 percent African American, 10 percent white, and 2 percent hispanic. One hundred percent of the students are listed as economically disadvantaged. The school has low test scores. In 2023 the high school acores a B grade from the Mississippi Department of Education.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Gators are the school mascot and the school colors are green and white. The school competes in the Mississippi High School Activities Association as part of the Big Eight League. It has rivalries with Warren Central High School and Murrah High School.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "LaToya Sims-Allen is the school's principal. Kent Willis is the school's baseball coach. It won division championships. Kristin Chapman helped lead the Missy Gators soccer team to state championships in 1996, 1998, and 1999.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Rosa A. Temple High School served Vicksburg's African American students during segregation.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1982, the school received national coverage after it began offering a course on the Mississippi River.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Not to be confused with Vicksburg High School (Michigan) Vicksburg High School is in Vicksburg, Mississippi. It is at 3701 Drummond Street. As of 2023 the school has about 714 students. The student body is about 85 percent African American, 10 percent white, and 2 percent hispanic. One hundred percent of the students are listed as economically disadvantaged. The school has low test scores. In 2023 the high school acores a B grade from the Mississippi Department of Education. Gators are the school mascot and the school colors are green and white. The school competes in the Mississippi High School Activities Association as part of the Big Eight League. It has rivalries with Warren Central High School and Murrah High School. LaToya Sims-Allen is the school's principal. Kent Willis is the school's baseball coach. It won division championships. Kristin Chapman helped lead the Missy Gators soccer team to state championships in 1996, 1998, and 1999. | 2023-12-12T12:17:05Z | 2023-12-31T01:37:18Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:School infobox",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_High_School_(Mississippi) |
75,544,676 | Bobsleigh at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics | Bobsleigh at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 22 to 23 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea.
All times are in KST (UTC+9)
* Host nation (South Korea)
Each NOC with an athlete in the IBSF Youth Olympics Ranking List will receive a quota place, with additional quota being filled until 18 quotas have been reached., with max. 3 per NOC.
These are the quota obtained by each NOC: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bobsleigh at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 22 to 23 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "All times are in KST (UTC+9)",
"title": "Schedule"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "* Host nation (South Korea)",
"title": "Medal summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Each NOC with an athlete in the IBSF Youth Olympics Ranking List will receive a quota place, with additional quota being filled until 18 quotas have been reached., with max. 3 per NOC.",
"title": "Qualification"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "These are the quota obtained by each NOC:",
"title": "Qualification"
}
] | Bobsleigh at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 22 to 23 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea. | 2023-12-12T12:23:40Z | 2023-12-23T23:27:09Z | [
"Template:MedalistTable",
"Template:FlagIOC",
"Template:N/a",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Events at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics",
"Template:Infobox Olympic event",
"Template:Medals table",
"Template:DetailsLink",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Winter Youth Olympics Bobsleigh"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics |
75,544,688 | Tauren | The tauren are a fictional race of anthropomorphic bovines in the Warcraft franchise developed by Blizzard Entertainment. They were first introduced in the 2002 Warcraft III, soon after becoming a playable race in the 2004 World of Warcraft. Members of the Horde faction, they are nevertheless a gentle and peaceful race that chooses to live in harmony with nature, but are powerful when provoked. The tauren have received praise for their environmentally positive traits and unsexualized design, in which females of the species are similarly large-bodied and animalistic as the males. However, Blizzard has also been accused of cultural appropriation of Native Americans when designing their clothing, buildings and culture.
Tauren are very large in size compared to humans, with males reaching up to 10 feet tall and females, 9 feet. Their hands have three fingers, while their feet are hooves. Males are bulky, muscular and covered in fur with cow-like colors and patterns. They have a hunched posture, hairy mane, and horned head. While female tauren are still bulky, they are noticeably slimmer and more upright in posture, with smaller manes.
In combat, the tauren's trademark weapon is the totem pole, which they use both for religious meditation purposes and as a club-type weapon. An additional signature weapon is the tauren halberd, which utilize wooden handles and massive blades.
The tauren were first introduced in Warcraft III as the "tauren warrior" class, one of the game's strongest melee units. In World of Warcraft, the city of Thunder Bluff, located on the plains of Mulgore, was introduced as their capital. In Heroes of the Storm, E.T.C., or Elite Tauren Chieftain, an electric guitar-playing tauren and the mascot of the eponymous Blizzard employee rock band, appeared as a playable hero. The Highmountain Tauren, a group of tauren with elk-like antlers, were introduced with the 2016 World of Warcraft: Legion.
The tauren paladin class was introduced in the 2010 World of Warcraft: Cataclysm expansion pack to add additional gameplay flexibility. In 2014, male tauren were given a character model redesign in World of Warcraft to add facial expressions and make them more realistic, while female tauren followed months later. While tauren have long been limited to more warrior-like classes, the 2022 Dragonflight expansion pack allowed players to become a tauren rogue, something long thought to be a joke due to their large size, hooves, and general lack of stealth.
The Warcraft Civilization compares tauren to minotaurs from Greek mythology, calling them evidence of how eclectic World of Warcraft is in its design. It notes that while tauren are known as placid and reliable, they still face racial prejudice.
Digital Culture, Play, and Identity remarks that female tauren are a major exception to the "model-like females" that the World of Warcraft players must choose to play as, even in monster races, due to their commercial appeal. Calling them the most alienated from the traditional notion of femininity, it cites their "almost-plump" body, hooves, and cow-like noses as features that would typically be perceived as "ugly", giving players more variation in looks.
The tauren's use of Native American imagery was criticized as insulting. Colin Campbell of Polygon described it as "appropriated" and a poor, exaggerated depiction. Digital Culture states that the depiction of Horde culture, including the tauren, was "not nuanced", describing them as shallow cultural stereotypes and akin to colonial representations of primitive peoples. The book says that tauren walk the line between "quiet and peaceful" and "implacable" foes who "smash their enemies under hoof", as opposed to the more pseudo-Western Alliance. Philip Michael Alexander complained in Identity and Collaboration in World of Warcraft that the tauren seemed like a good idea for a fictional race until he saw how they "lampooned" plains Indian culture, calling it "shockingly similar" to real life. Noting that they were even displaced from their homeland, he described their characterization as "almost too lazy" and said that it made him change his character's race away from tauren.
In a gameplay sense, Patricio Kobek of TheGamer stated that, in World of Warcraft, tauren were best as druids, their exclusive class in the Horde, with their other classes not being as strong as other races in high-level play. He described them as the game's best tanks.
The tauren Gamon gained notoriety as the most-killed NPC in World of Warcraft, causing him to become an Internet meme and be included as an official trading card with the quote "not again!" In Cataclysm, he was turned into a Level 85 raid boss, later becoming Level 90 in Mists of Pandaria. He was later subdued and tied to a tree by the orc warchief Garrosh Hellscream. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The tauren are a fictional race of anthropomorphic bovines in the Warcraft franchise developed by Blizzard Entertainment. They were first introduced in the 2002 Warcraft III, soon after becoming a playable race in the 2004 World of Warcraft. Members of the Horde faction, they are nevertheless a gentle and peaceful race that chooses to live in harmony with nature, but are powerful when provoked. The tauren have received praise for their environmentally positive traits and unsexualized design, in which females of the species are similarly large-bodied and animalistic as the males. However, Blizzard has also been accused of cultural appropriation of Native Americans when designing their clothing, buildings and culture.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Tauren are very large in size compared to humans, with males reaching up to 10 feet tall and females, 9 feet. Their hands have three fingers, while their feet are hooves. Males are bulky, muscular and covered in fur with cow-like colors and patterns. They have a hunched posture, hairy mane, and horned head. While female tauren are still bulky, they are noticeably slimmer and more upright in posture, with smaller manes.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In combat, the tauren's trademark weapon is the totem pole, which they use both for religious meditation purposes and as a club-type weapon. An additional signature weapon is the tauren halberd, which utilize wooden handles and massive blades.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The tauren were first introduced in Warcraft III as the \"tauren warrior\" class, one of the game's strongest melee units. In World of Warcraft, the city of Thunder Bluff, located on the plains of Mulgore, was introduced as their capital. In Heroes of the Storm, E.T.C., or Elite Tauren Chieftain, an electric guitar-playing tauren and the mascot of the eponymous Blizzard employee rock band, appeared as a playable hero. The Highmountain Tauren, a group of tauren with elk-like antlers, were introduced with the 2016 World of Warcraft: Legion.",
"title": "Appearances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The tauren paladin class was introduced in the 2010 World of Warcraft: Cataclysm expansion pack to add additional gameplay flexibility. In 2014, male tauren were given a character model redesign in World of Warcraft to add facial expressions and make them more realistic, while female tauren followed months later. While tauren have long been limited to more warrior-like classes, the 2022 Dragonflight expansion pack allowed players to become a tauren rogue, something long thought to be a joke due to their large size, hooves, and general lack of stealth.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Warcraft Civilization compares tauren to minotaurs from Greek mythology, calling them evidence of how eclectic World of Warcraft is in its design. It notes that while tauren are known as placid and reliable, they still face racial prejudice.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Digital Culture, Play, and Identity remarks that female tauren are a major exception to the \"model-like females\" that the World of Warcraft players must choose to play as, even in monster races, due to their commercial appeal. Calling them the most alienated from the traditional notion of femininity, it cites their \"almost-plump\" body, hooves, and cow-like noses as features that would typically be perceived as \"ugly\", giving players more variation in looks.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The tauren's use of Native American imagery was criticized as insulting. Colin Campbell of Polygon described it as \"appropriated\" and a poor, exaggerated depiction. Digital Culture states that the depiction of Horde culture, including the tauren, was \"not nuanced\", describing them as shallow cultural stereotypes and akin to colonial representations of primitive peoples. The book says that tauren walk the line between \"quiet and peaceful\" and \"implacable\" foes who \"smash their enemies under hoof\", as opposed to the more pseudo-Western Alliance. Philip Michael Alexander complained in Identity and Collaboration in World of Warcraft that the tauren seemed like a good idea for a fictional race until he saw how they \"lampooned\" plains Indian culture, calling it \"shockingly similar\" to real life. Noting that they were even displaced from their homeland, he described their characterization as \"almost too lazy\" and said that it made him change his character's race away from tauren.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In a gameplay sense, Patricio Kobek of TheGamer stated that, in World of Warcraft, tauren were best as druids, their exclusive class in the Horde, with their other classes not being as strong as other races in high-level play. He described them as the game's best tanks.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The tauren Gamon gained notoriety as the most-killed NPC in World of Warcraft, causing him to become an Internet meme and be included as an official trading card with the quote \"not again!\" In Cataclysm, he was turned into a Level 85 raid boss, later becoming Level 90 in Mists of Pandaria. He was later subdued and tied to a tree by the orc warchief Garrosh Hellscream.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | The tauren are a fictional race of anthropomorphic bovines in the Warcraft franchise developed by Blizzard Entertainment. They were first introduced in the 2002 Warcraft III, soon after becoming a playable race in the 2004 World of Warcraft. Members of the Horde faction, they are nevertheless a gentle and peaceful race that chooses to live in harmony with nature, but are powerful when provoked. The tauren have received praise for their environmentally positive traits and unsexualized design, in which females of the species are similarly large-bodied and animalistic as the males. However, Blizzard has also been accused of cultural appropriation of Native Americans when designing their clothing, buildings and culture. | 2023-12-12T12:26:13Z | 2023-12-26T01:40:29Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Warcraft universe",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox fictional race",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauren |
75,544,692 | Viliam Tankó | Viliam Tankó (born 17 May 1995) is a Slovak boxer and politician. Since 2023 he has served as an MP of the National Council of Slovakia.
Viliam Tankó was born on 17 May 1995 in the Tomášikovo, nearby the town of Galanta. He is of Romani ethnicity. Following the divorce of his parents, he was raised by a single mother in extreme poverty, living together with his three siblings in a small cottage with broken windows and no running water. He started boxing as an eight years old. His talent got noticed by the boxers Ladislav Karacsóny andTomáš Kovács, who took young Viliam under their wings and helped him develop as a boxer in Galanta.
After graduating from high school, Tankó enrolled at the Police Academy. Nonetheless, he later abandoned his studies to focus on his boxing career. As of 2023 he studies social work at the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra.
Boxing career
Tankó participated at the Youth and Junior World Boxing Championships in 2011 and 2013 and Youth European Championship in 2013. He won bronze medals at the 2014 European Union Amateur Boxing Championships in Sofia and 2015 European Games in Baku. He also competed at the 2019 European Games in Minsk and 2023 European Games in Kraków, finishing respectively unranked and ninth.
Political career
In the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election Tankó won a seat in the parliament on the list of Ordinary People and Independent Personalities (OĽaNO) party. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Viliam Tankó (born 17 May 1995) is a Slovak boxer and politician. Since 2023 he has served as an MP of the National Council of Slovakia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Viliam Tankó was born on 17 May 1995 in the Tomášikovo, nearby the town of Galanta. He is of Romani ethnicity. Following the divorce of his parents, he was raised by a single mother in extreme poverty, living together with his three siblings in a small cottage with broken windows and no running water. He started boxing as an eight years old. His talent got noticed by the boxers Ladislav Karacsóny andTomáš Kovács, who took young Viliam under their wings and helped him develop as a boxer in Galanta.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After graduating from high school, Tankó enrolled at the Police Academy. Nonetheless, he later abandoned his studies to focus on his boxing career. As of 2023 he studies social work at the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Boxing career",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Tankó participated at the Youth and Junior World Boxing Championships in 2011 and 2013 and Youth European Championship in 2013. He won bronze medals at the 2014 European Union Amateur Boxing Championships in Sofia and 2015 European Games in Baku. He also competed at the 2019 European Games in Minsk and 2023 European Games in Kraków, finishing respectively unranked and ninth.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Political career",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election Tankó won a seat in the parliament on the list of Ordinary People and Independent Personalities (OĽaNO) party.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Viliam Tankó is a Slovak boxer and politician. Since 2023 he has served as an MP of the National Council of Slovakia. | 2023-12-12T12:27:12Z | 2023-12-13T10:31:45Z | [
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viliam_Tank%C3%B3 |
75,544,696 | Parviz Rustambeyov | Parviz Rustambeyov was Azerbaijan-born saxophonist and jazz musician who fell victim to Soviet repressions.
Parviz Rustambeyov, the son of Ismayil was born on January 7, 1922, in Baku. He attended a music circle at the Pioneers' Palace, where he played the clarinet. At the age of 18, in 1940, Tofig Guliyev invited him to perform in the orchestra at the "Senetkarlıg" cinema.
After the start of World War II, the young performers of the orchestra continued their activities within the military division. They were sent to the 402nd artillery division stationed in Nakhchivan. By the end of 1942, after the disbandment of the orchestra, Parviz Rustambeyov was assigned to the Aviation Jazz under the leadership of A.V. Shustapalov. However, due to illness, he was discharged from there in July 1943.
In 1944, the renowned jazz orchestra led by Eddy Rosner came to Baku for a concert. Impressed by Parviz Rustambeyov's performance, Rosner invited him to join his orchestra as the first saxophonist and clarinetist. Parviz accepted the invitation and started performing with Rosner's orchestra. He lived in Moscow for a while during this period and was also invited by Leonid Utyosov to join his ensemble.
Parviz was invited on stage to perform with the jazz orchestra while dining at the "Metropol" restaurant in Moscow with his friends. His rendition of American classics caught the interest of the Americans at the restaurant. After his performance, they approached Parviz, inviting him to the United States to gain experience in the homeland of jazz. He went to the US Embassy upon their invitation, seeking to meet the cultural attaché, but couldn't locate them and returned without success. As he left the embassy, two plainclothes agents from the State Security Committee (DTK) approached him, inquiring about his visit to the embassy. Parviz explained the purpose of his visit. Later, he felt he was being followed and sought advice from Tofig Guliyev, who was in Moscow at that time. Tofig Guliyev provided him with money to purchase an urgent ticket back to Baku.
After returning to Baku, he decided to form his own orchestra. Initially, he started performing with his orchestra at the 'Red East' and later at the 'Artist' cinema. However, in January 1949, he was dismissed from his job, accused of 'Western decadence”.
After being dismissed from work, he struggled to find employment for a while. Later, he secured a job at a small restaurant near the railway station. However, on May 20, 1949, Parviz Rustambeyov was arrested upon the orders of Ayriyan, the military prosecutor of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Azerbaijan SSR. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison.
Rustambeyov is an anti-Soviet and pro-American individual. He praises the American lifestyle, household, and art, criticizes Soviet realities, and maintains connections with foreigners. He intends to illegally flee abroad.
On December 29, 1949, at 3:50 a.m., detainee Parviz Rustambeyov passed away in the internal detention facility of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Internal Affairs under suspicious circumstances.
In 1957, due to complaints from the musician's mother, Munavvar Khanim, the Republic Prosecutor's Office appealed to the investigative committee for clarification regarding Parviz Rustambeyov's case. On January 6, 1958, the criminal case against Parviz Rustambeyov was terminated due to inconsistencies in the evidence, and the case was closed.
Parviz Rustambeyov's grandfather, Asad bey, lived in Salyan and was a landowner. Among Asad bey's four sons, one of them, Mammad, passed away at the age of 19. The other three sons, Fetulla, Bakhısh, and Shahbaz, received higher education in St. Petersburg. Since Bakhısh didn't have any children of his own, he took in Ismayıl, the orphaned son of his deceased brother Mammad. Ismayıl Rustambeyov married Munavvar Khanim and had children, including Parviz Rustambeyov and Farida Rustambeyova. Ismayıl Rustambeyov passed away due to tuberculosis in 1942.
Parviz Rustambeyov married a woman named Taisiya Mikhaylovna Stepanova in April 1941. They had a son together. They named the child Adil in honor of composer Tofig Guliyev's brother and their friend, Adil. Unfortunately, the child passed away at a year and a half old. After divorcing Taisiya, Parviz married again in 1943. In 1945, they had another child.
In 2002, the film "Vaxtın o Üzündə" (On the Face of Time) dedicated to the musician's life was produced on Lider TV, with screenplay by Nariman Abdulrahmanlı and directed by Akif Arifoghlu.
In 2016, the artist Vuqar Ali painted portraits of Azerbaijani and foreign jazz musicians, including Parviz Rustambeyov. These artworks were showcased in a solo exhibition during the International Jazz Festival held in Baku.
On December 22, 2017, the film "Ölümündən sonra məhkəmə" (Court after His Death) about Parviz Rustambeyov's life was presented at the Gara Garayev Central Music School by ARB Aran Film Creative Center. The film is a docudrama that uses archival materials and information from the criminal case of Parviz Rustambeyov. The screenplay was by Yegane Abdulmammedova, who also directed the film.
On April 10, 2022, within the "Qətl planı" (Assassination Plan) project aired on Azerbaijan Television, a film directed by Elnur Aliyev, who also wrote the screenplay, was produced about the murder of Parviz Rustambeyov. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Parviz Rustambeyov was Azerbaijan-born saxophonist and jazz musician who fell victim to Soviet repressions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Parviz Rustambeyov, the son of Ismayil was born on January 7, 1922, in Baku. He attended a music circle at the Pioneers' Palace, where he played the clarinet. At the age of 18, in 1940, Tofig Guliyev invited him to perform in the orchestra at the \"Senetkarlıg\" cinema.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After the start of World War II, the young performers of the orchestra continued their activities within the military division. They were sent to the 402nd artillery division stationed in Nakhchivan. By the end of 1942, after the disbandment of the orchestra, Parviz Rustambeyov was assigned to the Aviation Jazz under the leadership of A.V. Shustapalov. However, due to illness, he was discharged from there in July 1943.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1944, the renowned jazz orchestra led by Eddy Rosner came to Baku for a concert. Impressed by Parviz Rustambeyov's performance, Rosner invited him to join his orchestra as the first saxophonist and clarinetist. Parviz accepted the invitation and started performing with Rosner's orchestra. He lived in Moscow for a while during this period and was also invited by Leonid Utyosov to join his ensemble.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Parviz was invited on stage to perform with the jazz orchestra while dining at the \"Metropol\" restaurant in Moscow with his friends. His rendition of American classics caught the interest of the Americans at the restaurant. After his performance, they approached Parviz, inviting him to the United States to gain experience in the homeland of jazz. He went to the US Embassy upon their invitation, seeking to meet the cultural attaché, but couldn't locate them and returned without success. As he left the embassy, two plainclothes agents from the State Security Committee (DTK) approached him, inquiring about his visit to the embassy. Parviz explained the purpose of his visit. Later, he felt he was being followed and sought advice from Tofig Guliyev, who was in Moscow at that time. Tofig Guliyev provided him with money to purchase an urgent ticket back to Baku.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "After returning to Baku, he decided to form his own orchestra. Initially, he started performing with his orchestra at the 'Red East' and later at the 'Artist' cinema. However, in January 1949, he was dismissed from his job, accused of 'Western decadence”.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "After being dismissed from work, he struggled to find employment for a while. Later, he secured a job at a small restaurant near the railway station. However, on May 20, 1949, Parviz Rustambeyov was arrested upon the orders of Ayriyan, the military prosecutor of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Azerbaijan SSR. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Rustambeyov is an anti-Soviet and pro-American individual. He praises the American lifestyle, household, and art, criticizes Soviet realities, and maintains connections with foreigners. He intends to illegally flee abroad.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "On December 29, 1949, at 3:50 a.m., detainee Parviz Rustambeyov passed away in the internal detention facility of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Internal Affairs under suspicious circumstances.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 1957, due to complaints from the musician's mother, Munavvar Khanim, the Republic Prosecutor's Office appealed to the investigative committee for clarification regarding Parviz Rustambeyov's case. On January 6, 1958, the criminal case against Parviz Rustambeyov was terminated due to inconsistencies in the evidence, and the case was closed.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Parviz Rustambeyov's grandfather, Asad bey, lived in Salyan and was a landowner. Among Asad bey's four sons, one of them, Mammad, passed away at the age of 19. The other three sons, Fetulla, Bakhısh, and Shahbaz, received higher education in St. Petersburg. Since Bakhısh didn't have any children of his own, he took in Ismayıl, the orphaned son of his deceased brother Mammad. Ismayıl Rustambeyov married Munavvar Khanim and had children, including Parviz Rustambeyov and Farida Rustambeyova. Ismayıl Rustambeyov passed away due to tuberculosis in 1942.",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Parviz Rustambeyov married a woman named Taisiya Mikhaylovna Stepanova in April 1941. They had a son together. They named the child Adil in honor of composer Tofig Guliyev's brother and their friend, Adil. Unfortunately, the child passed away at a year and a half old. After divorcing Taisiya, Parviz married again in 1943. In 1945, they had another child.",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In 2002, the film \"Vaxtın o Üzündə\" (On the Face of Time) dedicated to the musician's life was produced on Lider TV, with screenplay by Nariman Abdulrahmanlı and directed by Akif Arifoghlu.",
"title": "Memory"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "In 2016, the artist Vuqar Ali painted portraits of Azerbaijani and foreign jazz musicians, including Parviz Rustambeyov. These artworks were showcased in a solo exhibition during the International Jazz Festival held in Baku.",
"title": "Memory"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "On December 22, 2017, the film \"Ölümündən sonra məhkəmə\" (Court after His Death) about Parviz Rustambeyov's life was presented at the Gara Garayev Central Music School by ARB Aran Film Creative Center. The film is a docudrama that uses archival materials and information from the criminal case of Parviz Rustambeyov. The screenplay was by Yegane Abdulmammedova, who also directed the film.",
"title": "Memory"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "On April 10, 2022, within the \"Qətl planı\" (Assassination Plan) project aired on Azerbaijan Television, a film directed by Elnur Aliyev, who also wrote the screenplay, was produced about the murder of Parviz Rustambeyov.",
"title": "Memory"
}
] | Parviz Rustambeyov was Azerbaijan-born saxophonist and jazz musician who fell victim to Soviet repressions. | 2023-12-12T12:27:36Z | 2023-12-31T22:19:08Z | [
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75,544,704 | Jessica Cruel | Jessica Cruel (born August 14, 1989) is the editor-in-chief of Allure, where she leads the development of editorial content for digital and video platforms. Cruel was appointed to her current role in August 2021.
In her early career, Cruel embarked on a number of internships and editorial positions across magazines including Skirt! Magazine and Self, a Condé Nast publication. She went on to work at PopSugar as associate director and returned to Self as Senior Editor before joining Refinery29 as deputy beauty editor.
Cruel joined Allure as a features director in 2019 where she worked across print and digital on projects like the Allure Readers’ Choice Awards before taking over as content director in 2021. Cruel was appointed editor-in-chief of Allure in August 2021.
Cruel is an advocate for evolution in the beauty industry and is noted for her inclusive leadership style, which is credited for positively changing the working environment of newsrooms. In 2021, Cruel spearheaded The Melanin Edit, a new Allure platform exploring all things relating to Black beauty, skincare and wellness. She also created the first ever Allure Best of Beauty live event in New York in October 2023.
Jessica Cruel was born in Nashville, Tennessee and grew up in a number of small towns across the American South, including Albany, Georgia. Cruel studied Multimedia Journalism at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received a Bachelor's degree. She also has a B.A in Sociology and is a home renovation enthusiast. | [
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"title": "Professional life"
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"title": "Professional life"
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"text": "Jessica Cruel was born in Nashville, Tennessee and grew up in a number of small towns across the American South, including Albany, Georgia. Cruel studied Multimedia Journalism at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received a Bachelor's degree. She also has a B.A in Sociology and is a home renovation enthusiast.",
"title": "Personal life"
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] | Jessica Cruel is the editor-in-chief of Allure, where she leads the development of editorial content for digital and video platforms. Cruel was appointed to her current role in August 2021. | 2023-12-12T12:29:27Z | 2023-12-30T22:05:03Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Cruel |
75,544,775 | Sikandarpur (disambiguation) | Sikandarpur is a union council in Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Sikandarpur may also refer to: | [
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] | Sikandarpur is a union council in Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sikandarpur may also refer to: Sikandarpur, Jagatpur, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
Sikandarpur, Mainpuri, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
Sikandarpur, Rahi, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
Sikandarpur, Sikandarpur Sarausi, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
Sikandarpur, Tadiyawan, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
Sikanderpur metro station, an interchange on the Delhi Metro | 2023-12-12T12:41:40Z | 2023-12-12T12:52:45Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandarpur_(disambiguation) |
75,544,782 | Tomb of Shaykh Aminuddin Gabriel | The Tomb of Shaykh Aminuddin Gabriel (Persian: ) is a 17th-century mausoleum located in the village of Kalkhuran Sheykh in Ardabil, Iran. It is built over the grave of Amin al-Din Jibrail, the father of the famous mystic Safi-ad-din Ardabili, and was first constructed in 1622. It is number 65 on the list of Iran's national monuments.
The mausoleum is built from brick, and is octagonal in shape. It is situated in the center of a garden, with an area of approximately 30,000 square metres. The area of the building is approximately 196 square metres, from its northern to southern facade.
Inside the mausoleum, there is elaborate muqarnas plasterwork done on the inner surface of the roof and the dome. | [
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] | The Tomb of Shaykh Aminuddin Gabriel is a 17th-century mausoleum located in the village of Kalkhuran Sheykh in Ardabil, Iran. It is built over the grave of Amin al-Din Jibrail, the father of the famous mystic Safi-ad-din Ardabili, and was first constructed in 1622. It is number 65 on the list of Iran's national monuments. | 2023-12-12T12:44:47Z | 2023-12-12T18:59:56Z | [
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75,544,784 | Katarina Durica | Katarina Durica (Bratislava, 1983 –) is a writer, journalist, and member of the Society of Hungarian Authors.
She grew up in Šamorín, Žitný ostrov in the 1980s and 1990s. She studied Art History at Trnava University. In 2004, she traveled to Egypt, where she worked as a tour guide and installed representative. Next, she moved to Jordan, Turkey, then Tunisia.
She moved to Bratislava in 2008 to work as a journalist. In 2010, during the Radičová administration, she was spokesperson for the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture. She has worked as a freelance journalist in Budapest, to this day she often makes reports and interviews on topics related to women. Since 2013, her writings are published in the Hungarian ELLE magazine, and in 2011-2013, she reported for Index about various Slovakian political events. Her writings are published on the platforms of National Geographic, WMN, and the Slovakian Hungarian monthly Új NŐ. She also wrote for Kitekintő.hu, Új Szó, .tyzden, and Vasárnap.
Her first book, Escape to Egypt – inspired by her travels and the tourist destinations of the Middle East –, was published in Hungarian in 2013, then in Slovakian in 2014. Her second novel, Loving in Slovakian, which delved into the Slovakian Hungarian identity, was published for the 2016 Budapest Book Fair.
In 2018, her third book was published, titled Good Girls Cry in Silence, about the victims of the Hungarian mafia in Felvidék. The novel was adapted into a screenplay, directed by Béla Paczolay, and debuted in March 2021 in the Comedy Theatre of Budapest. The play was also performed at the eSzínház festival, where Mari Kiss received the award for best actress.
Her fourth book was published through her self-founded Red Snow Publishing. Urban Foxes introduces the world of Brussels nightlife, diplomat wives, and Eastern European prostitutes. The book’s publication coincided with the resignation of MEP József Szájer, after his sex scandal.
In 2022, she published her fifth novel titled How Much Did It Cost You?, where she talks about the world of Hungarian surrogate mothers, egg donors and barren women.
She is living in Brussels, with her husband Botond Feledy, and their three children.
2019 Aranykönyv (“Golden Book”) podium finish
2020 Highlights of Hungary nominee for her work in aiding vulnerable women
2023 ELLE Awards Author of the Year nominee | [
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"title": "Life"
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"text": "In 2022, she published her fifth novel titled How Much Did It Cost You?, where she talks about the world of Hungarian surrogate mothers, egg donors and barren women.",
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{
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"text": "She is living in Brussels, with her husband Botond Feledy, and their three children.",
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"text": "2019 Aranykönyv (“Golden Book”) podium finish",
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"text": "2020 Highlights of Hungary nominee for her work in aiding vulnerable women",
"title": "Awards and nominations"
},
{
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"text": "2023 ELLE Awards Author of the Year nominee",
"title": "Awards and nominations"
}
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75,544,836 | The Constitution (pub) | The Constitution is a long-established public house on St Pancras Way in Camden Town, London, owned by Young's Brewery. Opened in 1858 in what was then Agar Town, it overlooks Regent's Canal.
Pubs of Distinction acquired the pub in 2015 before putting it up for sale in 2019.
In 2020, it was acquired by Young's Brewery, who suddenly closed it down. It remained empty for three years until work began on restoring it in July 2023. It is due to reopen in 2024.
51°32′25″N 0°08′08″W / 51.5403°N 0.1355°W / 51.5403; -0.1355 | [
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] | The Constitution is a long-established public house on St Pancras Way in Camden Town, London, owned by Young's Brewery. Opened in 1858 in what was then Agar Town, it overlooks Regent's Canal. Pubs of Distinction acquired the pub in 2015 before putting it up for sale in 2019. In 2020, it was acquired by Young's Brewery, who suddenly closed it down. It remained empty for three years until work began on restoring it in July 2023. It is due to reopen in 2024. | 2023-12-12T12:58:45Z | 2023-12-22T21:27:44Z | [
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75,544,837 | Jakob Philipp Wolfers | Jakob Philipp Wolfers (he was born in Minden on 31 May 1803 and died on 22 April 1878 in Berlin) was a German Astronomer and Mathematician.
Jakob Philipp Wolfers was born on 31 May 1803 in Minden. After attending high school in his hometown, he first studied construction in Berlin but soon turned to mathematics. Johann Franz Encke, director of the observatory of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin, recruited him in 1824 as a collaborator for the calculations of the Berlin Astronomical Yearbook; he remained in this position until 1864.
In 1836 he received his doctorate from the University of Greifswald and in 1852 the title of professor in Berlin.
Wolfer's published work on geometry, series evolution (mainly in Grunert's Archive of Mathematics and Physics), and computational astronomy (mainly in the Astronomy Newspaper). He edited the Tabulae Regiomontanae, begun by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel and continued by Julius Zech, for the period from 1860 to 1880. He also edited two sheets as part of the Berlin Academic Star Maps project.
He made a special contribution to the publication of Leonhard Euler's Mechanics in German and the first German translation of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica.
Furthermore, as a member of the Society for Geography in Berlin, he published numerous geographical and meteorological works. Wolfers was one of Alexander von Humboldt's most important correspondents.
• Leonhard Euler's MECHANICS or Analytical Presentation of the Science of Motion with Annotations and Explanations, edited by J. Ph. Wolfers. C. A. Koch's Verlagshandlung, Greifswald 1853. (Digitalisat)
• Sir Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Science – With remarks and explanations, edited by Prof. Dr. J. Ph. Wolfers. Verlag von Robert Oppenheim, Berlin 1872. (Wikisource)
Publications by J. Ph. Wolfers in Astrophysics Data System {
Juergen Hamel: Bessel's project of the Berlin Academic Star Maps. In: The stars. Volume 65 (1989), pp. 11–19, here p. 15. | [
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"text": "Wolfer's published work on geometry, series evolution (mainly in Grunert's Archive of Mathematics and Physics), and computational astronomy (mainly in the Astronomy Newspaper). He edited the Tabulae Regiomontanae, begun by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel and continued by Julius Zech, for the period from 1860 to 1880. He also edited two sheets as part of the Berlin Academic Star Maps project.",
"title": "Life and Work"
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{
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"text": "He made a special contribution to the publication of Leonhard Euler's Mechanics in German and the first German translation of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica.",
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"text": "Furthermore, as a member of the Society for Geography in Berlin, he published numerous geographical and meteorological works. Wolfers was one of Alexander von Humboldt's most important correspondents.",
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"text": "• Leonhard Euler's MECHANICS or Analytical Presentation of the Science of Motion with Annotations and Explanations, edited by J. Ph. Wolfers. C. A. Koch's Verlagshandlung, Greifswald 1853. (Digitalisat)",
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{
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"text": "Juergen Hamel: Bessel's project of the Berlin Academic Star Maps. In: The stars. Volume 65 (1989), pp. 11–19, here p. 15.",
"title": "Individual Evidence"
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] | Jakob Philipp Wolfers was a German Astronomer and Mathematician. | 2023-12-12T12:59:12Z | 2023-12-13T11:06:17Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Philipp_Wolfers |
75,544,855 | Sipahiler | Sipahiler may refer to the following villages in Turkey: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sipahiler may refer to the following villages in Turkey:",
"title": ""
}
] | Sipahiler may refer to the following villages in Turkey: Sipahiler, Bartın, Bartın Province
Sipahiler, Çaycuma, Zonguldak Province
Sipahiler, Devrek, Zonguldak Province
Sipahiler, Gerede, Bolu Province
Sipahiler, Sarıyahşi, Aksaray Province | 2023-12-12T13:01:59Z | 2023-12-12T13:01:59Z | [
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75,544,871 | Stardom New Blood 12 | Stardom New Blood 12 (スターダム ニュー ブラッド 12, Sutādamu nyū Buraddo 12) was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. The event took place on December 25, 2023, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Shinagawa Intercity Hall.
"New Blood" is a series of events that mainly focus on matches where rookie wrestlers, usually with three or fewer years of in-ring experience, evolve. Besides wrestlers from Stardom, various superstars from multiple promotions of the Japanese independent scene are invited to compete in bouts that are usually going under the stipulation of singles or tag team matches.
The show featured six professional wrestling matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches. The event's press conference took place on December 12, 2023, and was broadcast live on Stardom's YouTube channel.
The entire event was broadcast live on Stardom's YouTube channel. In the first bout, Queen's Quest's Saya Kamitani defeated a debuting Sayaka Kurara. In the second one, God's Eye leader Syuri defeated a debuting Rana Yagami. Next up, High Speed Champion Mei Seira defeated Hina in singles competition. In the fourth bout, one third of the Artist of Stardom Champions Mai Sakurai and P.P.P. Tokyo's Chanyota picked up a win over Rina and Ruaka in tag team competition. In the semi main event, Haruka Umesaki and Miyu Amasaki defeated Yuzuki and Hanako in tag team action.
In the main event, Hanan and Saya Iida defeated Ami Sohrei and Lady C to secure the first successful defense of the New Blood Tag Team Championship in that respective reign. After the bout concluded, Mai Sakurai and Chanyota stepped up as the next challengers for the titles. The reigning team accepted, as the bout remaining to be scheduled on further notice. | [
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},
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"title": "Production"
},
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"text": "The show featured six professional wrestling matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches. The event's press conference took place on December 12, 2023, and was broadcast live on Stardom's YouTube channel.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
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"text": "The entire event was broadcast live on Stardom's YouTube channel. In the first bout, Queen's Quest's Saya Kamitani defeated a debuting Sayaka Kurara. In the second one, God's Eye leader Syuri defeated a debuting Rana Yagami. Next up, High Speed Champion Mei Seira defeated Hina in singles competition. In the fourth bout, one third of the Artist of Stardom Champions Mai Sakurai and P.P.P. Tokyo's Chanyota picked up a win over Rina and Ruaka in tag team competition. In the semi main event, Haruka Umesaki and Miyu Amasaki defeated Yuzuki and Hanako in tag team action.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
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"title": "Production"
}
] | Stardom New Blood 12 was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. The event took place on December 25, 2023, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Shinagawa Intercity Hall. | 2023-12-12T13:03:25Z | 2023-12-28T15:28:07Z | [
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75,544,896 | Soar Chapel | Soar Chapel may refer to the following churches in Wales: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Soar Chapel may refer to the following churches in Wales:",
"title": ""
}
] | Soar Chapel may refer to the following churches in Wales: Soar Chapel, Cwmaman, a Calvinistic Methodist chapel in Rhondda Cynon Taf
Soar Chapel, Hirwaun, a Wesleyan Methodist chapel in Aberdare, Glamorgan
Soar Chapel, Llanelli, an Independent (Congregationalist) chapel in Carmarthenshire
Soar Chapel, Llwydcoed, a Baptist chapel in Aberdare, Glamorgan | 2023-12-12T13:06:34Z | 2023-12-12T13:06:34Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soar_Chapel |
75,544,925 | Doomed Love: A Journey through German Genre Films | Doomed Love: A Journey through German Genre Films, is a 2016 completed documentary film by Dominik Graf and Johannes F. Sievert, which embarks on a journey of discovery to the forgotten German film genre and follows the counter-movement to the New German Cinema and its influence on film culture. The documentary contains interviews with seventeen filmmakers, film critics and film historians.
The film is a documentary that searches for traces of undiscovered German film history. It is an essay on the often-forgotten German cinema genre, on cinema with an audience appeal that combines sensations and ambition.
The 1970s and 80s saw the emergence of a series of unusually physical and short films that bid farewell to the idyllically stylised post-war film at eh same time set themselves apart from the more intellectual contemporaries of New German Cinema. IN interview, prominent founder brings this forgotten chapter of German film history back to the screen and reflect on what ultimately led to its end In interviews, prominent founders bring this forgotten chapter of German film history back to the screen and reflect on what ultimately led to its end.
The documentary uses film clips and photos along with recent interviews with the filmmakers at the time. The documentary was written and directed by Dominik Graf and Johannes F. Sievert. The film was produced for the WDR and the Arte and produced by the North Rhine-Westphalia Media Foundation.
Doomed Love: A Journey through German Genre Films had its world premiere at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival as part of the Forum and was subsequently screened at numerous film festivals in Germany and abroad, such as Locarno Film Festival, the Shanghai International Film Festival, The Festival of German Films, and Besonders Wertlos Festival and others.
The film was nominated by the BVR for the Metropolis 2016 Director's Award in the category "Best Documentary Director."
The sequel Open Wound German Film was shown for the first time at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival in 2017.
"A passionate objection to recent German film history: Dominik Graf searches for a completely different truth in Doomed Love: A Journey through German Genre Films"
Tobias Kniebe: sueddeutsche.de | [
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{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The 1970s and 80s saw the emergence of a series of unusually physical and short films that bid farewell to the idyllically stylised post-war film at eh same time set themselves apart from the more intellectual contemporaries of New German Cinema. IN interview, prominent founder brings this forgotten chapter of German film history back to the screen and reflect on what ultimately led to its end In interviews, prominent founders bring this forgotten chapter of German film history back to the screen and reflect on what ultimately led to its end.",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The documentary uses film clips and photos along with recent interviews with the filmmakers at the time. The documentary was written and directed by Dominik Graf and Johannes F. Sievert. The film was produced for the WDR and the Arte and produced by the North Rhine-Westphalia Media Foundation.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Doomed Love: A Journey through German Genre Films had its world premiere at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival as part of the Forum and was subsequently screened at numerous film festivals in Germany and abroad, such as Locarno Film Festival, the Shanghai International Film Festival, The Festival of German Films, and Besonders Wertlos Festival and others.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The film was nominated by the BVR for the Metropolis 2016 Director's Award in the category \"Best Documentary Director.\"",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The sequel Open Wound German Film was shown for the first time at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival in 2017.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "\"A passionate objection to recent German film history: Dominik Graf searches for a completely different truth in Doomed Love: A Journey through German Genre Films\"",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Tobias Kniebe: sueddeutsche.de",
"title": "Criticism"
}
] | Doomed Love: A Journey through German Genre Films, is a 2016 completed documentary film by Dominik Graf and Johannes F. Sievert, which embarks on a journey of discovery to the forgotten German film genre and follows the counter-movement to the New German Cinema and its influence on film culture. The documentary contains interviews with seventeen filmmakers, film critics and film historians. | 2023-12-06T09:39:34Z | 2023-12-14T18:52:32Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Multiple issues",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomed_Love:_A_Journey_through_German_Genre_Films |
75,544,928 | Sree Narayana College | Sree Narayana College may refer to the following institutions in Kerala, India: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sree Narayana College may refer to the following institutions in Kerala, India:",
"title": ""
}
] | Sree Narayana College may refer to the following institutions in Kerala, India: Sree Narayana College, Anjumoorthy, Erattakulam, affiliated to the University of Calicut
Sree Narayana College, Chempazhanthy, Thiruvananthapuram, affiliated to the University of Kerala
Sree Narayana College, Cherthala, Alappuzha, affiliated to the University of Kerala
Sree Narayana College, Nattika, Thrissur, affiliated to the University of Calicut
Sree Narayana College, Punalur, Kollam, affiliated to the University of Kerala
Sree Narayana College, Varkala, Trivandrum, affiliated to the University of Kerala
Sree Narayana College for Women, Kollam, affiliated to the University of Kerala | 2023-12-12T13:16:33Z | 2023-12-13T11:21:24Z | [
"Template:School disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sree_Narayana_College |
75,544,944 | List of storms named Gillian | The name Gillian has been used for three tropical cyclones worldwide: two in the Australian region and one in the South Pacific Ocean.
In the Australian Region:
In the South Pacific Ocean: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The name Gillian has been used for three tropical cyclones worldwide: two in the Australian region and one in the South Pacific Ocean.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the Australian Region:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the South Pacific Ocean:",
"title": ""
}
] | The name Gillian has been used for three tropical cyclones worldwide: two in the Australian region and one in the South Pacific Ocean. In the Australian Region: Cyclone Gillian (1997) – a Category 1 tropical cyclone that made landfall Queensland as tropical depression.
Cyclone Gillian (2014) – a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone that affected northern Australia with gusty winds and some rainfall, while on the Indonesian island of Java, it produced strong waves. In the South Pacific Ocean: Cyclone Gillian (1970) – a Category 1 tropical cyclone, that did not affect land. | 2023-12-12T13:22:10Z | 2023-12-12T13:22:10Z | [
"Template:Storm index"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_storms_named_Gillian |
75,544,950 | Srinivasa Perumal Temple | Srinivasa Perumal Temple may refer to the following buildings in Tamil Nadu, India: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Srinivasa Perumal Temple may refer to the following buildings in Tamil Nadu, India:",
"title": ""
}
] | Srinivasa Perumal Temple may refer to the following buildings in Tamil Nadu, India: Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Egmore, Chennai
Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Kudavasal, Thiruvarur
Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Papanasam, Thanjavur
Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Tirukulandhai, Perungulam | 2023-12-12T13:23:02Z | 2023-12-12T14:14:02Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Perumal_Temple |
75,544,990 | Jhalra Jama Masjid | Jhalra Jama Masjid is a mosque in the village of Madhusudanpur Nand Urf Jhalra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by maulana Qari Furkan in 2004. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jhalra Jama Masjid is a mosque in the village of Madhusudanpur Nand Urf Jhalra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by maulana Qari Furkan in 2004.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Jhalra Jama Masjid is a mosque in the village of Madhusudanpur Nand Urf Jhalra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by maulana Qari Furkan in 2004. | 2023-12-12T13:31:34Z | 2023-12-18T03:00:46Z | [
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"Template:Infobox religious building",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Mosques in India",
"Template:India-mosque-stub",
"Template:Proposed deletion/dated"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhalra_Jama_Masjid |
75,544,997 | Yusra Al Barbari | Yusra Al Barbari (1923–2009) was a Palestinian teacher and activist who was a member of the Palestine National Council and of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
Al Barbari was born in Gaza City on 15 April 1923. She hailed from a Muslim family. Her parents were Ibrahim Al Barbari, a merchant, and Labiba Mahmud Halawah, and she had two brothers and sisters.
Al Barbari graduated from the Schmidt's Girls College in Jerusalem and received a degree in history from Fuad I University (precursor of Cairo University) in 1949 being the first female university graduate from Gaza City. During her studies at high school and university Al Barbari participated in demonstrations against the British rulers of Palestine supporting the invalidation of the Balfour Declaration and ending of the Jewish immigration to the region.
Following her graduation Al Barbari worked as a teacher in Gaza which was under Egyptian administration. Then she served as an inspector at girls' schools and developed an educational program for female teacher training. Based on this program the Women Teachers Institute was established in Gaza. She also served as the president of the Open University for Women in the Gaza Strip.
Al Barbari continued to participate in demonstrations against Israel in the 1950s. She was part of the first Palestinian delegation to visit the United Nations along with Haidar Abdel-Shafi and Ibrahim Abu Sitta in 1963. Al Barbari was elected as a member of the first Palestine National Council organized in Jerusalem in May 1964 during which the PLO was formed. The same year she was involved in the establishment of the Women's Union of Gaza and became its president. The Union took part in the conference which established the General Union of Palestinian Women in Jerusalem in 1965. She served in the delegations of the Federation of Women's Voluntary Societies in 1991.
Al Barbari was elected as the executive secretary of the Gaza Red Crescent Society in 1973 and later, served as a member of its board of directors. She also served as a member of the Veterans' Society and the Society for the Disabled in the Gaza Strip.
Israel banned Al Barbari's travels due to her political activities in the 1970s. She was among the signatories of a document dated September 1977 calling for the foundation of a Palestinian state under the authority of the PLO.
Al Barbari spoke fluently Arabic, English, and French.
Al Barbari died in Gaza City on 13 May 2009 and was buried in the Martyrs Cemetery in Gaza City. She was posthumously awarded the Star of Jerusalem Medal by the General Union of Palestinian Women on 21 May 2009.
Al Barbari was featured along with four other Palestinian women in a 1991 documentary entitled L’espoir voilé (French: The Veiled Hope) directed by Norma Marcos. Al Barbari's portrait was one of the paintings in the six-month solo exhibition of the Palestinian artist Malak Mattar at the Garden Court Chambers, London, in 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Yusra Al Barbari (1923–2009) was a Palestinian teacher and activist who was a member of the Palestine National Council and of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Al Barbari was born in Gaza City on 15 April 1923. She hailed from a Muslim family. Her parents were Ibrahim Al Barbari, a merchant, and Labiba Mahmud Halawah, and she had two brothers and sisters.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Al Barbari graduated from the Schmidt's Girls College in Jerusalem and received a degree in history from Fuad I University (precursor of Cairo University) in 1949 being the first female university graduate from Gaza City. During her studies at high school and university Al Barbari participated in demonstrations against the British rulers of Palestine supporting the invalidation of the Balfour Declaration and ending of the Jewish immigration to the region.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following her graduation Al Barbari worked as a teacher in Gaza which was under Egyptian administration. Then she served as an inspector at girls' schools and developed an educational program for female teacher training. Based on this program the Women Teachers Institute was established in Gaza. She also served as the president of the Open University for Women in the Gaza Strip.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Al Barbari continued to participate in demonstrations against Israel in the 1950s. She was part of the first Palestinian delegation to visit the United Nations along with Haidar Abdel-Shafi and Ibrahim Abu Sitta in 1963. Al Barbari was elected as a member of the first Palestine National Council organized in Jerusalem in May 1964 during which the PLO was formed. The same year she was involved in the establishment of the Women's Union of Gaza and became its president. The Union took part in the conference which established the General Union of Palestinian Women in Jerusalem in 1965. She served in the delegations of the Federation of Women's Voluntary Societies in 1991.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Al Barbari was elected as the executive secretary of the Gaza Red Crescent Society in 1973 and later, served as a member of its board of directors. She also served as a member of the Veterans' Society and the Society for the Disabled in the Gaza Strip.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Israel banned Al Barbari's travels due to her political activities in the 1970s. She was among the signatories of a document dated September 1977 calling for the foundation of a Palestinian state under the authority of the PLO.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Al Barbari spoke fluently Arabic, English, and French.",
"title": "Personal life and death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Al Barbari died in Gaza City on 13 May 2009 and was buried in the Martyrs Cemetery in Gaza City. She was posthumously awarded the Star of Jerusalem Medal by the General Union of Palestinian Women on 21 May 2009.",
"title": "Personal life and death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Al Barbari was featured along with four other Palestinian women in a 1991 documentary entitled L’espoir voilé (French: The Veiled Hope) directed by Norma Marcos. Al Barbari's portrait was one of the paintings in the six-month solo exhibition of the Palestinian artist Malak Mattar at the Garden Court Chambers, London, in 2023.",
"title": "Personal life and death"
}
] | Yusra Al Barbari (1923–2009) was a Palestinian teacher and activist who was a member of the Palestine National Council and of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). | 2023-12-12T13:32:42Z | 2023-12-21T14:30:56Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusra_Al_Barbari |
75,545,020 | Minister of Communications (Malaysia) | The Minister of Communications has been Fahmi Fadzil since 12 December 2023. The minister was supported by Deputy Minister of Communications. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Communications.
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Communications, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: Alliance/BN PH PN
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Multimedia, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: BN PH PN
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Telecommunications, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: Alliance/BN
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Posts, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: Alliance/BN
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Information, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: Alliance/BN
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Broadcasting, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: Alliance | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Minister of Communications has been Fahmi Fadzil since 12 December 2023. The minister was supported by Deputy Minister of Communications. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Communications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Communications, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Political party: Alliance/BN PH PN",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Multimedia, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Political party: BN PH PN",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Telecommunications, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Political party: Alliance/BN",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Posts, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Political party: Alliance/BN",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Information, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Political party: Alliance/BN",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Broadcasting, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Political party: Alliance",
"title": "List of ministers"
}
] | The Minister of Communications has been Fahmi Fadzil since 12 December 2023. The minister was supported by Deputy Minister of Communications. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Communications. | 2023-12-12T13:35:01Z | 2023-12-25T08:18:09Z | [
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"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Communications_(Malaysia) |
75,545,027 | Israel at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics | Israel is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon Province, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024. It will be the nation's third appearance at the Winter Youth Olympics. The Israeli delegation will consist of 1 female athlete who will compete in one sports.
Israeli figure skater Sophia Shifrin achieved quota places for the Junior Women Skating event and Israeli ice dancers Elizabeth Tkachenko and Alexei Kiliakov achieved quota places for the Junior Ice Dance event for Israel based on the position of the 2023–24 ISU Junior Grand Prix. Israel gave up the quota in the Junior Ice Dance event. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Israel is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon Province, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024. It will be the nation's third appearance at the Winter Youth Olympics. The Israeli delegation will consist of 1 female athlete who will compete in one sports.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Israeli figure skater Sophia Shifrin achieved quota places for the Junior Women Skating event and Israeli ice dancers Elizabeth Tkachenko and Alexei Kiliakov achieved quota places for the Junior Ice Dance event for Israel based on the position of the 2023–24 ISU Junior Grand Prix. Israel gave up the quota in the Junior Ice Dance event.",
"title": "Figure skating"
}
] | Israel is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon Province, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024. It will be the nation's third appearance at the Winter Youth Olympics. The Israeli delegation will consist of 1 female athlete who will compete in one sports. | 2023-12-12T13:35:39Z | 2023-12-24T01:46:45Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Israel at international sports competitions",
"Template:Nations at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics",
"Template:Infobox country at games",
"Template:Main",
"Template:Abbr",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics |
75,545,042 | Bakhtiyar Aliyev | Bakhtiyar Aliyev (Əliyev Bəxtiyar Həmzə oğlu (Az); March 20, 1961, Agdam) — correspondent member of AMEA (2007), professor, doctor of psychological sciences, deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan, chairman of the Science and Education Committee of the National Assembly.
Bakhtiyar Aliyev was born on March 20, 1961, in the city of Agdam. In 1978 he entered the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. After graduating from this faculty in 1983, he started working at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Azerbaijan State University (now BSU). In 1989, he defended his candidate thesis in the field of philosophy on "Interethnic communication as an object of socio-psychological analysis", and in 1998 he defended his doctoral thesis in the field of psychology on "Problems of Forensic-Psychological Examination in Criminal and Criminal Law". Civil cases" and received the title of Doctor of Science in psychology in 1998. He has been a professor of psychological sciences since 2000. He was one of the first research scientists in the former USSR to develop the general theory of forensic psychological expertise. Based on this theory, for the first time, a new methodology for determining the physiological effect and defined a classification system of psychological criteria as well as types of forensic psychological expertise.The results obtained are used in legal practice to personalize and objectively investigate punishment.
He established the principles of organization and conduct of forensic examination of “physiological effect”, which is of necessary importance, and the scientific-legal foundations of evaluating the opinion of an expert-psychologist as a type of evidence. He gave scientific reports on this subject at international and republican scientific conferences.
At the same time, he created a new conceptual model on the formation and development of personality with a new personality perspective theory and introduced a learning approach model to increase the effectiveness of learning in the learning process. This model was discussed and approved at the international conference held in the Republic of Turkey. In addition, the most important result is that the understanding model of learning is included in the ANAS reports.
The study of various problems of political psychology occupies one of the leading places in its scientific activity. He is the author of numerous articles devoted to current issues of political psychology at the international level. He has been the head of the psychology department since 1997. He was elected a relevant member of ANAS in 2007. He has been the chairman of the Psychological Sciences Thesis Council since 2000. In 1999, he was elected as a full member of the International Personnel Academy due to his scientific activities. He pioneers scientific research in the field of cognitive processes and personality psychology by establishing the "Experimental psychology" scientific research laboratory at Baku State University for the first time in Azerbaijan.
Under his leadership, 36 candidacy and 6 doctoral theses were defended.
268 scientific works, including 6 monographs, 15 textbooks and lectures, 29 programs and methodological recommendations, 150 scientific articles and theses, have been published in foreign countries, and 55 scientific works have been published.
He founded the "Journal of Psychology" for the first time in Azerbaijan in 1999 and has been the editor-in-chief since then.
In addition to scientific-pedagogical activities, it is also interested in social-political activities. He was elected as a member of parliament in the 2nd (2000-2005) and 3rd (2005-2010) terms of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan. He currently serves as a deputy in the 4th Meeting of the National Assembly. As a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, he was a member of the "Science and Education Committee", the "Monitoring Committee" and the chairman of the subcommittee "Working with Large-Scale Migrants and Displaced Persons". ". He has been the deputy chairman of the "Science and Education Committee" of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan since 2005.
He is also a member of the "Amnesty Commission" and the "Anti-Corruption Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan" under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The II Conference, which is the working body of the UN Convention against Corruption, held in Indonesia. He participated in the International Conference and the International Conference organized by IAACA in Baku and various conferences.
He was awarded the Order of "Victory" for his services to the development of education and science in Azerbaijan. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bakhtiyar Aliyev (Əliyev Bəxtiyar Həmzə oğlu (Az); March 20, 1961, Agdam) — correspondent member of AMEA (2007), professor, doctor of psychological sciences, deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan, chairman of the Science and Education Committee of the National Assembly.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bakhtiyar Aliyev was born on March 20, 1961, in the city of Agdam. In 1978 he entered the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. After graduating from this faculty in 1983, he started working at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Azerbaijan State University (now BSU). In 1989, he defended his candidate thesis in the field of philosophy on \"Interethnic communication as an object of socio-psychological analysis\", and in 1998 he defended his doctoral thesis in the field of psychology on \"Problems of Forensic-Psychological Examination in Criminal and Criminal Law\". Civil cases\" and received the title of Doctor of Science in psychology in 1998. He has been a professor of psychological sciences since 2000. He was one of the first research scientists in the former USSR to develop the general theory of forensic psychological expertise. Based on this theory, for the first time, a new methodology for determining the physiological effect and defined a classification system of psychological criteria as well as types of forensic psychological expertise.The results obtained are used in legal practice to personalize and objectively investigate punishment.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He established the principles of organization and conduct of forensic examination of “physiological effect”, which is of necessary importance, and the scientific-legal foundations of evaluating the opinion of an expert-psychologist as a type of evidence. He gave scientific reports on this subject at international and republican scientific conferences.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At the same time, he created a new conceptual model on the formation and development of personality with a new personality perspective theory and introduced a learning approach model to increase the effectiveness of learning in the learning process. This model was discussed and approved at the international conference held in the Republic of Turkey. In addition, the most important result is that the understanding model of learning is included in the ANAS reports.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The study of various problems of political psychology occupies one of the leading places in its scientific activity. He is the author of numerous articles devoted to current issues of political psychology at the international level. He has been the head of the psychology department since 1997. He was elected a relevant member of ANAS in 2007. He has been the chairman of the Psychological Sciences Thesis Council since 2000. In 1999, he was elected as a full member of the International Personnel Academy due to his scientific activities. He pioneers scientific research in the field of cognitive processes and personality psychology by establishing the \"Experimental psychology\" scientific research laboratory at Baku State University for the first time in Azerbaijan.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Under his leadership, 36 candidacy and 6 doctoral theses were defended.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "268 scientific works, including 6 monographs, 15 textbooks and lectures, 29 programs and methodological recommendations, 150 scientific articles and theses, have been published in foreign countries, and 55 scientific works have been published.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "He founded the \"Journal of Psychology\" for the first time in Azerbaijan in 1999 and has been the editor-in-chief since then.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In addition to scientific-pedagogical activities, it is also interested in social-political activities. He was elected as a member of parliament in the 2nd (2000-2005) and 3rd (2005-2010) terms of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan. He currently serves as a deputy in the 4th Meeting of the National Assembly. As a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, he was a member of the \"Science and Education Committee\", the \"Monitoring Committee\" and the chairman of the subcommittee \"Working with Large-Scale Migrants and Displaced Persons\". \". He has been the deputy chairman of the \"Science and Education Committee\" of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan since 2005.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "He is also a member of the \"Amnesty Commission\" and the \"Anti-Corruption Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan\" under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The II Conference, which is the working body of the UN Convention against Corruption, held in Indonesia. He participated in the International Conference and the International Conference organized by IAACA in Baku and various conferences.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "He was awarded the Order of \"Victory\" for his services to the development of education and science in Azerbaijan.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Bakhtiyar Aliyev — correspondent member of AMEA (2007), professor, doctor of psychological sciences, deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan, chairman of the Science and Education Committee of the National Assembly. | 2023-12-12T13:38:29Z | 2023-12-16T21:25:34Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
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"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhtiyar_Aliyev |
75,545,069 | Minister of Energy Transition and Public Utilities (Malaysia) | The Minister of Energy Transition and Public Utilities has been Fadillah Yusof since 12 December 2023.He is assisted by Akmal Nasir, who is the Deputy Minister of Energy Transition and Public Utilities. The minister administers the portfolio through the Energy Transition and Public Utilities. This is a new ministry that splits from the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Climate Change that led by Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad, who is the Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability.
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Energy/Energy Transition, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: Alliance/BN PH PN GPS
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Public Utilities, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: GPS
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Public Amenities, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: Alliance Party/BN
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Water, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: BN PH PN | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Minister of Energy Transition and Public Utilities has been Fadillah Yusof since 12 December 2023.He is assisted by Akmal Nasir, who is the Deputy Minister of Energy Transition and Public Utilities. The minister administers the portfolio through the Energy Transition and Public Utilities. This is a new ministry that splits from the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Climate Change that led by Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad, who is the Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Energy/Energy Transition, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Political party: Alliance/BN PH PN GPS",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Public Utilities, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Political party: GPS",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Public Amenities, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Political party: Alliance Party/BN",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Water, or any of its precedent titles:",
"title": "List of ministers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Political party: BN PH PN",
"title": "List of ministers"
}
] | The Minister of Energy Transition and Public Utilities has been Fadillah Yusof since 12 December 2023.He is assisted by Akmal Nasir, who is the Deputy Minister of Energy Transition and Public Utilities. The minister administers the portfolio through the Energy Transition and Public Utilities. This is a new ministry that splits from the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Climate Change that led by Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad, who is the Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability. | 2023-12-12T13:44:14Z | 2023-12-25T03:24:22Z | [
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75,545,087 | Joe Davis (American football coach) | Joe Davis (born c. 1980) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Western Illinois University, a position he will take over in 2024. He also coached for the AFC Rangers [de] of the Austrian Football League (AFL), Wayne State, North Park, Wheaton, Shippensburg, Northern Iowa, Fordham, Albany, and Eastern Illinois. He played college football for Adrian as a quarterback and professionally for the AFC Rangers of the AFL, the Evansville BlueCats and the Fayetteville Guard of the National Indoor Football League (NIFL), the Lubbock Lone Stars of the Intense Football League (IFL), the Green Bay Blizzard of AF2, and the Columbus Destroyers of the Arena Football League (AFL). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Joe Davis (born c. 1980) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Western Illinois University, a position he will take over in 2024. He also coached for the AFC Rangers [de] of the Austrian Football League (AFL), Wayne State, North Park, Wheaton, Shippensburg, Northern Iowa, Fordham, Albany, and Eastern Illinois. He played college football for Adrian as a quarterback and professionally for the AFC Rangers of the AFL, the Evansville BlueCats and the Fayetteville Guard of the National Indoor Football League (NIFL), the Lubbock Lone Stars of the Intense Football League (IFL), the Green Bay Blizzard of AF2, and the Columbus Destroyers of the Arena Football League (AFL).",
"title": ""
}
] | Joe Davis is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Western Illinois University, a position he will take over in 2024. He also coached for the AFC Rangers of the Austrian Football League (AFL), Wayne State, North Park, Wheaton, Shippensburg, Northern Iowa, Fordham, Albany, and Eastern Illinois. He played college football for Adrian as a quarterback and professionally for the AFC Rangers of the AFL, the Evansville BlueCats and the Fayetteville Guard of the National Indoor Football League (NIFL), the Lubbock Lone Stars of the Intense Football League (IFL), the Green Bay Blizzard of AF2, and the Columbus Destroyers of the Arena Football League (AFL). | 2023-12-12T13:48:14Z | 2023-12-15T04:23:38Z | [
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75,545,089 | Szarajówka massacre | The Szarajówka massacre was a Nazi war crime perpetrated by the Ordnungspolizei and Ukrainian Auxiliary Police in the village of Szarajówka within occupied Poland. Occurring on May 18, 1943, this pacification action claimed the lives of up to 67 inhabitants, among whom were numerous women and children, many of whom were burned alive. The village was ransacked and completely burned. This atrocity was part of the ethnic cleansing of the Zamość region and was additionally seen as retribution against the civilian population for their support of the Polish resistance movement.
Szarajówka, situated in Biłgoraj County, is a small village that actively supported the Polish partisans during the Nazi-German occupation. Some accounts suggest that its inhabitants provided aid to Jewish refugees in hiding and to Soviet prisoners of war who had escaped from German captivity.
In the autumn of 1942, at the direction of SS-Brigadeführer Odilo Globocnik, SS and Police Leader in the Lublin district of the General Government, a significant Nazi displacement operation commenced in the Zamość region. Its aim was to remove around 100,000 Poles from this area and replace them with German settlers, primarily comprising ethnic Germans from various European countries. The initial displacements began on the night of November 27-28, 1942, extending to 60 villages housing approximately 34,000 individuals by the end of December.
The Nazi actions faced passive resistance from the displaced populace and armed responses from the Polish resistance movement. Partisan units from the Peasant Battalions (Bataliony Chłopskie), Home Army (Armia Krajowa), and communist People's Guard (Gwardia Ludowa) attempted to impede pacification and displacement efforts, targeting German police, economic sites, and transportation facilities. They also conducted retaliatory actions in villages settled by German colonists.
On the morning of May 18, 1943, a punitive expedition composed of German gendarmes and members of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police from Biłgoraj and Tarnogród arrived in Szarajówka. Around 9:00 a.m., villagers noticed the village was encircled, sparking panic among them. Soon after, the Germans and Ukrainians entered the village, forcing residents out of their homes and gathering them in the square opposite farmer Saniak's farm. Initially, women and children were treated with some leniency, while men endured harsh interrogations in attempts to extract information about Polish partisans. Several individuals suffered severe beatings, rendering them unable to walk to the execution site unaided. Meanwhile, the assailants looted livestock and valuable belongings from the farms.
By midday, the commander of the punitive expedition directed all residents of Szarajówka to a few selected buildings. Many were assembled in Maciej Mołda's stable, while others were taken to structures owned by Józef Klecha and Stanisław Krzeszowiec. Once all the victims were inside, the Germans and Ukrainians sealed the doors and windows, covered the buildings with straw, and set them ablaze. Only one woman managed to escape briefly, but she was promptly shot. Subsequently, the assailants set fire to the remaining buildings in Szarajówka. By approximately 3:30 p.m., the punitive expedition departed the devastated village. A handful of survivors managed to evade the massacre by hiding within the village and escaping amidst the smoke from burning structures. Other residents who were absent during the pacification, including several children studying in a neighboring town, survived.
Various sources cite different numbers regarding the fatalities of the pacification. Most reports indicate that 67 Poles perished, with the majority—around 58 individuals—being burned alive, while the remainder were shot. However, some conflicting sources suggest the number of victims was 59 or 58 individuals. The identities of 41 victims were confirmed, including ten women and twelve children under 15 years old. The youngest victim was only 2 months old, while the oldest was 61. In some cases, entire families from Szarajówka were wiped out.
Czesław Madajczyk suggests that the atrocity was in retaliation for the village's collaboration with the resistance movement, as well as a reprisal for an earlier assault by Polish partisans on the gendarmes stationed at Tarnogród.
The inhabitants of neighboring villages initially hoped that the people of Szarajówka had been displaced by the Germans. Only after the fire had been extinguished were the charred remains of the victims found among the ashes. The massacre had a loud echo in the region. It was recorded in the reports of the Polish resistance movement, and the Polish underground press also wrote about it.
The remains of the victims were buried in a mass grave, and after the war, a sandstone monument was erected there. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Szarajówka massacre was a Nazi war crime perpetrated by the Ordnungspolizei and Ukrainian Auxiliary Police in the village of Szarajówka within occupied Poland. Occurring on May 18, 1943, this pacification action claimed the lives of up to 67 inhabitants, among whom were numerous women and children, many of whom were burned alive. The village was ransacked and completely burned. This atrocity was part of the ethnic cleansing of the Zamość region and was additionally seen as retribution against the civilian population for their support of the Polish resistance movement.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Szarajówka, situated in Biłgoraj County, is a small village that actively supported the Polish partisans during the Nazi-German occupation. Some accounts suggest that its inhabitants provided aid to Jewish refugees in hiding and to Soviet prisoners of war who had escaped from German captivity.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
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"text": "In the autumn of 1942, at the direction of SS-Brigadeführer Odilo Globocnik, SS and Police Leader in the Lublin district of the General Government, a significant Nazi displacement operation commenced in the Zamość region. Its aim was to remove around 100,000 Poles from this area and replace them with German settlers, primarily comprising ethnic Germans from various European countries. The initial displacements began on the night of November 27-28, 1942, extending to 60 villages housing approximately 34,000 individuals by the end of December.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Nazi actions faced passive resistance from the displaced populace and armed responses from the Polish resistance movement. Partisan units from the Peasant Battalions (Bataliony Chłopskie), Home Army (Armia Krajowa), and communist People's Guard (Gwardia Ludowa) attempted to impede pacification and displacement efforts, targeting German police, economic sites, and transportation facilities. They also conducted retaliatory actions in villages settled by German colonists.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On the morning of May 18, 1943, a punitive expedition composed of German gendarmes and members of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police from Biłgoraj and Tarnogród arrived in Szarajówka. Around 9:00 a.m., villagers noticed the village was encircled, sparking panic among them. Soon after, the Germans and Ukrainians entered the village, forcing residents out of their homes and gathering them in the square opposite farmer Saniak's farm. Initially, women and children were treated with some leniency, while men endured harsh interrogations in attempts to extract information about Polish partisans. Several individuals suffered severe beatings, rendering them unable to walk to the execution site unaided. Meanwhile, the assailants looted livestock and valuable belongings from the farms.",
"title": "The massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "By midday, the commander of the punitive expedition directed all residents of Szarajówka to a few selected buildings. Many were assembled in Maciej Mołda's stable, while others were taken to structures owned by Józef Klecha and Stanisław Krzeszowiec. Once all the victims were inside, the Germans and Ukrainians sealed the doors and windows, covered the buildings with straw, and set them ablaze. Only one woman managed to escape briefly, but she was promptly shot. Subsequently, the assailants set fire to the remaining buildings in Szarajówka. By approximately 3:30 p.m., the punitive expedition departed the devastated village. A handful of survivors managed to evade the massacre by hiding within the village and escaping amidst the smoke from burning structures. Other residents who were absent during the pacification, including several children studying in a neighboring town, survived.",
"title": "The massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Various sources cite different numbers regarding the fatalities of the pacification. Most reports indicate that 67 Poles perished, with the majority—around 58 individuals—being burned alive, while the remainder were shot. However, some conflicting sources suggest the number of victims was 59 or 58 individuals. The identities of 41 victims were confirmed, including ten women and twelve children under 15 years old. The youngest victim was only 2 months old, while the oldest was 61. In some cases, entire families from Szarajówka were wiped out.",
"title": "The massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Czesław Madajczyk suggests that the atrocity was in retaliation for the village's collaboration with the resistance movement, as well as a reprisal for an earlier assault by Polish partisans on the gendarmes stationed at Tarnogród.",
"title": "The massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The inhabitants of neighboring villages initially hoped that the people of Szarajówka had been displaced by the Germans. Only after the fire had been extinguished were the charred remains of the victims found among the ashes. The massacre had a loud echo in the region. It was recorded in the reports of the Polish resistance movement, and the Polish underground press also wrote about it.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The remains of the victims were buried in a mass grave, and after the war, a sandstone monument was erected there.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | The Szarajówka massacre was a Nazi war crime perpetrated by the Ordnungspolizei and Ukrainian Auxiliary Police in the village of Szarajówka within occupied Poland. Occurring on May 18, 1943, this pacification action claimed the lives of up to 67 inhabitants, among whom were numerous women and children, many of whom were burned alive. The village was ransacked and completely burned. This atrocity was part of the ethnic cleansing of the Zamość region and was additionally seen as retribution against the civilian population for their support of the Polish resistance movement. | 2023-12-12T13:49:15Z | 2023-12-26T08:41:54Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szaraj%C3%B3wka_massacre |
75,545,100 | Battle of Ica | The Battle of Ica or Desaster at Macacona was a battle during the Peruvian War of Independence, which occurred on 9 April 1822 at the Hacienda Macacona near Ica, between the Liberation Army of Peru under command of Peruvian General Domingo Tristán, and the Royalist Army under Gen. Brigadier José de Canterac. The army of the Patriots was almost completely destroyed.
On 21 August 1820, a Liberation Expedition from Chile set sail from Valparaiso and landed on 7 September 1820 south of Lima. The expedition was composed of 4,118 Patriot soldiers and was led by José de San Martín. In the following months, the central coastline provinces were conquered and Lima fell in Patriot hands in June 1821.
The Spanish Viceroy José de la Serna fled to Cuzco, but his General José de Canterac remained in the mountainous Jauja Province, some 150 km from Lima. José de San Martín appointed Domingo Tristán, a Spanish general who had just defected to the Patriots, as commander of a force to monitor the movements of the Royalist troops. Tristán was instructed not to engage the enemy, but to withdraw in the event of a Royalist advance. Domingo Tristán positioned his battalions at Ica.
Canterac decided to attack the Patriot troops at Ica and advanced from Jauja on 26 March at the head of some 1500 infantry, 600 cavalry and 3 fieldguns. He arrived in the area of Ica on 6 April, where Tristán was completely taken by surprise. As instructed, he prepared his troops to withdraw, but Canterac positioned his troops at Macacona, cutting off the retreat route of Tristán. Tristán was not aware of this last movement and marched his battalions straight into the trap that Canterac had set.
At 1 a.m. , but under a moonlit sky, the Royalist troops opened fire on the retreating column. Many Patriots were killed or wounded and the column dispersed almost immediately. By 3 a.m., the battlefield was covered with dead and wounded Patriots. 1000 soldiers and 50 officers were taken prisoner, of which many defected to the Royalists. The Royalists also captured 4 cannons, 2 flags 2000 rifles, 200 gunshots and 100 sabers. Tristán, Gamarra and some 125 men managed to escape. José Santiago Aldunate was taken prisoner. Spanish commander Juan Loriga was sent to occupy Pisco.
Upon his arrival in Lima, Tristán was tried by court-martial for his responsibility in the disaster and, although he was acquitted, he never returned to active service in the army.
The outcome of the battle increased the material and morale of the Royalists. From now on, the Patriots in Southern Peru were on the defensive. After inflicting further defeats in January 1823, The Royalist general José Canterac would reoccupy Lima on 18 June 1823.
14°2′11″S 75°46′45″W / 14.03639°S 75.77917°W / -14.03639; -75.77917 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Battle of Ica or Desaster at Macacona was a battle during the Peruvian War of Independence, which occurred on 9 April 1822 at the Hacienda Macacona near Ica, between the Liberation Army of Peru under command of Peruvian General Domingo Tristán, and the Royalist Army under Gen. Brigadier José de Canterac. The army of the Patriots was almost completely destroyed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 21 August 1820, a Liberation Expedition from Chile set sail from Valparaiso and landed on 7 September 1820 south of Lima. The expedition was composed of 4,118 Patriot soldiers and was led by José de San Martín. In the following months, the central coastline provinces were conquered and Lima fell in Patriot hands in June 1821.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Spanish Viceroy José de la Serna fled to Cuzco, but his General José de Canterac remained in the mountainous Jauja Province, some 150 km from Lima. José de San Martín appointed Domingo Tristán, a Spanish general who had just defected to the Patriots, as commander of a force to monitor the movements of the Royalist troops. Tristán was instructed not to engage the enemy, but to withdraw in the event of a Royalist advance. Domingo Tristán positioned his battalions at Ica.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Canterac decided to attack the Patriot troops at Ica and advanced from Jauja on 26 March at the head of some 1500 infantry, 600 cavalry and 3 fieldguns. He arrived in the area of Ica on 6 April, where Tristán was completely taken by surprise. As instructed, he prepared his troops to withdraw, but Canterac positioned his troops at Macacona, cutting off the retreat route of Tristán. Tristán was not aware of this last movement and marched his battalions straight into the trap that Canterac had set.",
"title": "The Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "At 1 a.m. , but under a moonlit sky, the Royalist troops opened fire on the retreating column. Many Patriots were killed or wounded and the column dispersed almost immediately. By 3 a.m., the battlefield was covered with dead and wounded Patriots. 1000 soldiers and 50 officers were taken prisoner, of which many defected to the Royalists. The Royalists also captured 4 cannons, 2 flags 2000 rifles, 200 gunshots and 100 sabers. Tristán, Gamarra and some 125 men managed to escape. José Santiago Aldunate was taken prisoner. Spanish commander Juan Loriga was sent to occupy Pisco.",
"title": "The Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Upon his arrival in Lima, Tristán was tried by court-martial for his responsibility in the disaster and, although he was acquitted, he never returned to active service in the army.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The outcome of the battle increased the material and morale of the Royalists. From now on, the Patriots in Southern Peru were on the defensive. After inflicting further defeats in January 1823, The Royalist general José Canterac would reoccupy Lima on 18 June 1823.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "14°2′11″S 75°46′45″W / 14.03639°S 75.77917°W / -14.03639; -75.77917",
"title": "Sources"
}
] | The Battle of Ica or Desaster at Macacona was a battle during the Peruvian War of Independence, which occurred on 9 April 1822 at the Hacienda Macacona near Ica, between the Liberation Army of Peru under command of Peruvian General Domingo Tristán, and the Royalist Army under Gen. Brigadier José de Canterac. The army of the Patriots was almost completely destroyed. | 2023-12-12T13:51:10Z | 2023-12-12T22:45:17Z | [
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75,545,103 | ACS Awards | The Association française des Critiques de Séries (ACS) is a set of awards bestowed by members of the French Press Association recognizing excellence in television fiction since 2015. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Association française des Critiques de Séries (ACS) is a set of awards bestowed by members of the French Press Association recognizing excellence in television fiction since 2015.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Association française des Critiques de Séries (ACS) is a set of awards bestowed by members of the French Press Association recognizing excellence in television fiction since 2015. | 2023-12-12T13:52:00Z | 2023-12-14T12:33:24Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACS_Awards |
75,545,108 | Christopher Schøller Bülow | Christopher Schøller Bülow (1770-1830) was a Danish landowner who served as prefect (stiftsamtmand) of Diocese of Zealand and county governor of Copenhagen County. He went banlrupy in 1818 and fled the country after being convicted of embezzlement. He died in Gamburg.
Bülow was born in Copenhagen chamberlain Hans Løvenhjelm Bülow til Thestrupgaard (1737-1803) and Isabelle født Schøller (died 1822). He completed his secondary schooling in 1787, was appointed kammerjunker for the crown prince in 1790 and earned a law degree from the University of Copenhagen in 1792.
In 1794, Bülow was employed as auskultant in Rentekammeret.
In 1800, Bülow bought Gyldenholm at Slagelse.By inheretence he had also become the owner of Veden Manor in Norway. In 1806 he bought the estates Nordfelt and Ålebæk on Møn. In 1816, he was appointed Prefect of Zealand. In 1817, he was awarded the title of gehejmekonferensråd.
In 1818, Bülow was suspended from his public duties after entering bankruptcy proceedings. Frederik von Lowzow was appointed acting prefect of Zealand and county governor of Copenhagen in his abscence. In 1820 he was prosecuted for embezzlement with public funds. In 1821 he was sentenced to prison until he repaid the defrauded sums and deprived of rank and noble rights. He fled before imprisonment to Hamburg, where he died in 1830.
In 1795, Bülow married Anne Margrethe, Baroness Bolten (1778-1804), She was a daughter of baron Henrik Bolten and Nørregaard.In 1806, he married lady-in-waiting Emilie Augusta Marie, Baroness Güldencrone. She was a daughter of baron Christian Frederik Güldencrone and Marie Salome née von Gambs.
]]Category:Ubniversity of Copenhagen alumni]]
[[da: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Christopher Schøller Bülow (1770-1830) was a Danish landowner who served as prefect (stiftsamtmand) of Diocese of Zealand and county governor of Copenhagen County. He went banlrupy in 1818 and fled the country after being convicted of embezzlement. He died in Gamburg.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bülow was born in Copenhagen chamberlain Hans Løvenhjelm Bülow til Thestrupgaard (1737-1803) and Isabelle født Schøller (died 1822). He completed his secondary schooling in 1787, was appointed kammerjunker for the crown prince in 1790 and earned a law degree from the University of Copenhagen in 1792.",
"title": "Early life and education"
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{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1794, Bülow was employed as auskultant in Rentekammeret.",
"title": "Career"
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{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1800, Bülow bought Gyldenholm at Slagelse.By inheretence he had also become the owner of Veden Manor in Norway. In 1806 he bought the estates Nordfelt and Ålebæk on Møn. In 1816, he was appointed Prefect of Zealand. In 1817, he was awarded the title of gehejmekonferensråd.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1818, Bülow was suspended from his public duties after entering bankruptcy proceedings. Frederik von Lowzow was appointed acting prefect of Zealand and county governor of Copenhagen in his abscence. In 1820 he was prosecuted for embezzlement with public funds. In 1821 he was sentenced to prison until he repaid the defrauded sums and deprived of rank and noble rights. He fled before imprisonment to Hamburg, where he died in 1830.",
"title": "Bankruptcy and death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1795, Bülow married Anne Margrethe, Baroness Bolten (1778-1804), She was a daughter of baron Henrik Bolten and Nørregaard.In 1806, he married lady-in-waiting Emilie Augusta Marie, Baroness Güldencrone. She was a daughter of baron Christian Frederik Güldencrone and Marie Salome née von Gambs.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "]]Category:Ubniversity of Copenhagen alumni]]",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "[[da:",
"title": "References"
}
] | Christopher Schøller Bülow (1770-1830) was a Danish landowner who served as prefect (stiftsamtmand) of Diocese of Zealand and county governor of Copenhagen County. He went banlrupy in 1818 and fled the country after being convicted of embezzlement. He died in Gamburg. | 2023-12-12T13:53:57Z | 2023-12-13T11:38:16Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Sch%C3%B8ller_B%C3%BClow |
75,545,122 | December 2023 Dera Ismail Khan attacks | On 12 December 2023, police check posts attacked by several terrorists in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in which 27 soldiers of security forces were killed. | [
{
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"text": "On 12 December 2023, police check posts attacked by several terrorists in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in which 27 soldiers of security forces were killed.",
"title": ""
}
] | On 12 December 2023, police check posts attacked by several terrorists in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in which 27 soldiers of security forces were killed. | 2023-12-12T13:58:15Z | 2023-12-12T20:52:36Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2023_Dera_Ismail_Khan_attacks |
75,545,132 | Qatari involvement in higher education in the United States | In the 21st century, Qatar and other authoritarian countries have increased financial involvement in a wide scope of institutions of higher education in the United States, through the granting of significant financial donations amounting to billions of dollars. According to studies, this grants Qatar direct power and influence over educational institutions in the United States, and indirectly affects various aspects of society and local politics as well.
In recent years, following the publication of reports on the subject of antisemitism in the United States, critics have argued that this financial involvement has strengthened antisemitism in higher education institutions in the US. The discourse regarding funding, including illegal donations, from authoritarian governments also includes claims that they compromise academic ethics and contribute to the erosion of democratic and liberal norms in respect to freedom of expression and academic freedom on campuses in the United States.
In 2022, a report by the National Center for Research and Innovation (NCRI) identified Qatar as the most significant foreign donor to American universities. The research revealed that from 2001 to 2021, US$13 billion was illegally funded to US higher education with Qatar contributing donations totaling $4.7 billion to universities in the United States.
The report highlighted a potential connection between universities which receive financial support from Middle Eastern sources and the positions they take on certain issues which align with the preferences or sensitivities of countries from which they receive donations. The researches suggested that universities, seeking to attract and strengthen funding from the Middle East, might adopt positions that would be favorable to these governments. Conversely, the report raised the possibility that universities, indifferent to the nature of their major donors, may also demonstrate indifference to the growing issues of antisemitism on campus, the lack of freedom of expression, and academic freedom.
The NCRI report examined Qatar's public relations strategy regarding university funding. According to data from the Department of Education, the funds provided by Qatar extend beyond a mere "donation" as they are given under an informal contract, indicating a commitment on the part of the universities. The report found that, in addition to Qatar's involvement in universities, it invested millions of dollars in public relations campaigns and engaged in lobbying and public relations firms in the United States.
An analysis by the Financial Times, based on a report on foreign donations and contracts from the U.S. Department of Education, highlighted the significant role of Qatar, which contributed approximately 15% of foreign donations between 2011 and 2020. According to the report, Qatar's financial involvement surpassed that of other countries, contributing an average of $1.3 billion out of the $2.2 billion provided by Arab states of the Persian Gulf to selected universities in the United States. As reported by the Daily Caller News, the substantial donation raised concerns regarding its potential impact on the academic independence of these institutions.
According to a study published by the National Association of Scholars (NAS), Qatari donations are given systematically, and the universities receiving these donations are selected methodically. Often, these universities have branches in Qatar itself. Northwestern University's (NU-Q) Education Department reported receiving over $600 million from Qatar after establishing its branch in the country in 2007. Northwestern is one of six American universities that established branches in Qatar, with each university specializing in a different field. Northwestern University is presented in the report as an example of how funding operates for the American university branches in Qatar, illustrating the funding mechanism from foreign sources for American universities. Several reports have tracked the development of relations between Northwestern University and Qatar, identifying funding from the Qatari government that began with donations to the university, continued with support and funding for American scholarships, and extended to funding research programs and hospital projects. In addition to Northwestern, the universities that established branches in Qatar include Cornell University focusing on medical education, Georgetown University specializing in government and politics, and Northwestern University primarily engaged in communication studies. Beyond financial support, according to Qatar's Research, Development, and Innovation Council (QRDI) policy, the branches of universities located in Qatar allow the university access to Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) grants, operated by the government.
According to an article published in 2014, unrecorded funds from sources such as the tobacco industry, oil and gas, and pharmaceutical companies were identified as contributors to universities in the United States. The report specifically highlighted Qatari funds, which according to the report have been used in order to shape political and societal narratives in the Western world. An article published by the Oxford University Press noted that the development of relationships with universities in the United States was presented as a form of "soft power."
The impact of Qatari involvement has led to allegations that the funding has led to the compromising of academic independence of recipient institutions. Researchers and media outlets have asserted that several prestigious academic institutions in the United States were opaque about their funding from Qatar, raising concerns about the potential influence of a nation defined as "ultra-conservative" on esteemed academic institutions. Qatar's influence extends to international organizations, publishing companies, including Audience Partners Worldwide, and the public relations and lobbying company BlueFront Strategies. Researchers speculated regarding the depth and breadth of Qatar's influence on various aspects of academic and research institutions.
Sources within universities argue that the collaboration between Qatar and the university creates direct involvement and censorship by Qatar, allowing the dissemination of opinions deviating from American ideals. It is argued Qatar exerts significant bureaucratic oversight over university activities through various entities, including international organizations and influencers such as the Doha Film Institute, the Qatar National Research Fund, and the Al Jazeera Media Network.
The NCRI investigation found that educational institutions receiving illicit funding suffer 85% more than other universities from organized efforts or campaigns aimed at imposing sanctions on academic researchers. These campaigns include various means, such as scrutinizing the activities of researchers, attempting to undermine their work, proposing their removal from their positions, or even suspension or termination of their employment.
The Lawfare Project also examined Qatar's involvement in the American education system through the Qatar Foundation International (QFI) and expressed concerns regarding the biased presentation of content related to the Middle East. This biased approach highlights positive aspects of Islam while sidelining balanced discussions about other religions, particularly Judaism. Another survey by the project indicates that when the United States is exposed to details of foreign funding for higher education institutions, concerns are raised about Qatar's influence in shaping classroom content and discussions on campuses.
Approximately 200 colleges and universities in the United States concealed information regarding about $13 billion in unreported donations from foreign countries, much of which originating from Qatar. The study also concluded that educational institutions receiving undisclosed funding are 85% more likely to face organized campaigns seeking to impose sanctions on academic researchers. These campaigns involved investigations into researchers' activities, attempts to undermine their work, proposals to remove them from their positions, and even suspension or termination of their employment.
Reports on antisemitism in the United States indicated that between 2015 and 2020, institutions receiving funding from Middle Eastern donors experienced, on average, a 300% higher incidence of antisemitic incidents compared to those that did not. During the same period, institutions receiving undisclosed funds from Qatari donors had, on average, 250% more anti-Semitic incidents than those that did not.
A national survey conducted with 1748 students found that unreported money correlates with an increased perception of heightened anti-Semitism on campus. Another study identified a positive connection between anti-Semitic incidents on campus and anti-Semitic incidents in the country, based on a higher usage of the hashtag #Israeliapartheid on Twitter and anti-Semitic events in educational institutions that received unreported funding compared to those that did not.
A 2020 study by the Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy (ISGAP) revealed a connection between the volume of donations from Qatar and other Gulf states to the appearance of pro-Palestinian groups affiliated with Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) on university campuses. In some universities, SJP groups organized assemblies and events expressing anger against Israel as early as October 8, before the onset of Israel's ground incursion into Gaza. This was argued as an indication of pre-planning and preparation by critics. Additionally, after the 7 October 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, an ISGAP study suggested that the protests were pre-planned following Qatar's involvement in recent years, waiting for the right moment to erupt.
Following the Network Contagion Research Institute (NCRI) report regarding 200 American colleges and universities receiving $13 billion in previously undisclosed contributions from foreign regimes, and its potential fueling of antisemitism on campuses. In 2023, The Committee on Education and Workforce approved the Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions (DETERRENT) Act, which according to the committee aimed to address foreign influence by lowering the threshold for reporting foreign gifts and closing reporting loopholes. The committee said the Act is intended to hold institutions accountable and imposes repercussions for non-compliance, such as fines and potential loss of federal funding.
The Israel satirical show, Eretz Nehederet, in December 2023 did a Harry Potter themed sketch criticizing US university presidents response over the question of genocide of Jews being harassment or bullying. In the sketch, the Hogwarts heads of houses are in a hearing chaired by Dumbledore, there they say the genocide is context dependent and when asked by Dumbledore they explain they were influenced by Qatari money. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "In the 21st century, Qatar and other authoritarian countries have increased financial involvement in a wide scope of institutions of higher education in the United States, through the granting of significant financial donations amounting to billions of dollars. According to studies, this grants Qatar direct power and influence over educational institutions in the United States, and indirectly affects various aspects of society and local politics as well.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In recent years, following the publication of reports on the subject of antisemitism in the United States, critics have argued that this financial involvement has strengthened antisemitism in higher education institutions in the US. The discourse regarding funding, including illegal donations, from authoritarian governments also includes claims that they compromise academic ethics and contribute to the erosion of democratic and liberal norms in respect to freedom of expression and academic freedom on campuses in the United States.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2022, a report by the National Center for Research and Innovation (NCRI) identified Qatar as the most significant foreign donor to American universities. The research revealed that from 2001 to 2021, US$13 billion was illegally funded to US higher education with Qatar contributing donations totaling $4.7 billion to universities in the United States.",
"title": "Influence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The report highlighted a potential connection between universities which receive financial support from Middle Eastern sources and the positions they take on certain issues which align with the preferences or sensitivities of countries from which they receive donations. The researches suggested that universities, seeking to attract and strengthen funding from the Middle East, might adopt positions that would be favorable to these governments. Conversely, the report raised the possibility that universities, indifferent to the nature of their major donors, may also demonstrate indifference to the growing issues of antisemitism on campus, the lack of freedom of expression, and academic freedom.",
"title": "Influence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The NCRI report examined Qatar's public relations strategy regarding university funding. According to data from the Department of Education, the funds provided by Qatar extend beyond a mere \"donation\" as they are given under an informal contract, indicating a commitment on the part of the universities. The report found that, in addition to Qatar's involvement in universities, it invested millions of dollars in public relations campaigns and engaged in lobbying and public relations firms in the United States.",
"title": "Influence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "An analysis by the Financial Times, based on a report on foreign donations and contracts from the U.S. Department of Education, highlighted the significant role of Qatar, which contributed approximately 15% of foreign donations between 2011 and 2020. According to the report, Qatar's financial involvement surpassed that of other countries, contributing an average of $1.3 billion out of the $2.2 billion provided by Arab states of the Persian Gulf to selected universities in the United States. As reported by the Daily Caller News, the substantial donation raised concerns regarding its potential impact on the academic independence of these institutions.",
"title": "Influence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "According to a study published by the National Association of Scholars (NAS), Qatari donations are given systematically, and the universities receiving these donations are selected methodically. Often, these universities have branches in Qatar itself. Northwestern University's (NU-Q) Education Department reported receiving over $600 million from Qatar after establishing its branch in the country in 2007. Northwestern is one of six American universities that established branches in Qatar, with each university specializing in a different field. Northwestern University is presented in the report as an example of how funding operates for the American university branches in Qatar, illustrating the funding mechanism from foreign sources for American universities. Several reports have tracked the development of relations between Northwestern University and Qatar, identifying funding from the Qatari government that began with donations to the university, continued with support and funding for American scholarships, and extended to funding research programs and hospital projects. In addition to Northwestern, the universities that established branches in Qatar include Cornell University focusing on medical education, Georgetown University specializing in government and politics, and Northwestern University primarily engaged in communication studies. Beyond financial support, according to Qatar's Research, Development, and Innovation Council (QRDI) policy, the branches of universities located in Qatar allow the university access to Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) grants, operated by the government.",
"title": "Influence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "According to an article published in 2014, unrecorded funds from sources such as the tobacco industry, oil and gas, and pharmaceutical companies were identified as contributors to universities in the United States. The report specifically highlighted Qatari funds, which according to the report have been used in order to shape political and societal narratives in the Western world. An article published by the Oxford University Press noted that the development of relationships with universities in the United States was presented as a form of \"soft power.\"",
"title": "Influence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The impact of Qatari involvement has led to allegations that the funding has led to the compromising of academic independence of recipient institutions. Researchers and media outlets have asserted that several prestigious academic institutions in the United States were opaque about their funding from Qatar, raising concerns about the potential influence of a nation defined as \"ultra-conservative\" on esteemed academic institutions. Qatar's influence extends to international organizations, publishing companies, including Audience Partners Worldwide, and the public relations and lobbying company BlueFront Strategies. Researchers speculated regarding the depth and breadth of Qatar's influence on various aspects of academic and research institutions.",
"title": "Impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Sources within universities argue that the collaboration between Qatar and the university creates direct involvement and censorship by Qatar, allowing the dissemination of opinions deviating from American ideals. It is argued Qatar exerts significant bureaucratic oversight over university activities through various entities, including international organizations and influencers such as the Doha Film Institute, the Qatar National Research Fund, and the Al Jazeera Media Network.",
"title": "Impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The NCRI investigation found that educational institutions receiving illicit funding suffer 85% more than other universities from organized efforts or campaigns aimed at imposing sanctions on academic researchers. These campaigns include various means, such as scrutinizing the activities of researchers, attempting to undermine their work, proposing their removal from their positions, or even suspension or termination of their employment.",
"title": "Impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The Lawfare Project also examined Qatar's involvement in the American education system through the Qatar Foundation International (QFI) and expressed concerns regarding the biased presentation of content related to the Middle East. This biased approach highlights positive aspects of Islam while sidelining balanced discussions about other religions, particularly Judaism. Another survey by the project indicates that when the United States is exposed to details of foreign funding for higher education institutions, concerns are raised about Qatar's influence in shaping classroom content and discussions on campuses.",
"title": "Impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Approximately 200 colleges and universities in the United States concealed information regarding about $13 billion in unreported donations from foreign countries, much of which originating from Qatar. The study also concluded that educational institutions receiving undisclosed funding are 85% more likely to face organized campaigns seeking to impose sanctions on academic researchers. These campaigns involved investigations into researchers' activities, attempts to undermine their work, proposals to remove them from their positions, and even suspension or termination of their employment.",
"title": "Impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Reports on antisemitism in the United States indicated that between 2015 and 2020, institutions receiving funding from Middle Eastern donors experienced, on average, a 300% higher incidence of antisemitic incidents compared to those that did not. During the same period, institutions receiving undisclosed funds from Qatari donors had, on average, 250% more anti-Semitic incidents than those that did not.",
"title": "Impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "A national survey conducted with 1748 students found that unreported money correlates with an increased perception of heightened anti-Semitism on campus. Another study identified a positive connection between anti-Semitic incidents on campus and anti-Semitic incidents in the country, based on a higher usage of the hashtag #Israeliapartheid on Twitter and anti-Semitic events in educational institutions that received unreported funding compared to those that did not.",
"title": "Impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "A 2020 study by the Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy (ISGAP) revealed a connection between the volume of donations from Qatar and other Gulf states to the appearance of pro-Palestinian groups affiliated with Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) on university campuses. In some universities, SJP groups organized assemblies and events expressing anger against Israel as early as October 8, before the onset of Israel's ground incursion into Gaza. This was argued as an indication of pre-planning and preparation by critics. Additionally, after the 7 October 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, an ISGAP study suggested that the protests were pre-planned following Qatar's involvement in recent years, waiting for the right moment to erupt.",
"title": "Impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Following the Network Contagion Research Institute (NCRI) report regarding 200 American colleges and universities receiving $13 billion in previously undisclosed contributions from foreign regimes, and its potential fueling of antisemitism on campuses. In 2023, The Committee on Education and Workforce approved the Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions (DETERRENT) Act, which according to the committee aimed to address foreign influence by lowering the threshold for reporting foreign gifts and closing reporting loopholes. The committee said the Act is intended to hold institutions accountable and imposes repercussions for non-compliance, such as fines and potential loss of federal funding.",
"title": "Responses"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The Israel satirical show, Eretz Nehederet, in December 2023 did a Harry Potter themed sketch criticizing US university presidents response over the question of genocide of Jews being harassment or bullying. In the sketch, the Hogwarts heads of houses are in a hearing chaired by Dumbledore, there they say the genocide is context dependent and when asked by Dumbledore they explain they were influenced by Qatari money.",
"title": "Responses"
}
] | In the 21st century, Qatar and other authoritarian countries have increased financial involvement in a wide scope of institutions of higher education in the United States, through the granting of significant financial donations amounting to billions of dollars. According to studies, this grants Qatar direct power and influence over educational institutions in the United States, and indirectly affects various aspects of society and local politics as well. In recent years, following the publication of reports on the subject of antisemitism in the United States, critics have argued that this financial involvement has strengthened antisemitism in higher education institutions in the US. The discourse regarding funding, including illegal donations, from authoritarian governments also includes claims that they compromise academic ethics and contribute to the erosion of democratic and liberal norms in respect to freedom of expression and academic freedom on campuses in the United States. | 2023-12-12T14:00:14Z | 2023-12-30T07:17:16Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Citation",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Multiple issues",
"Template:Education in the US",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_higher_education_in_the_United_States |
75,545,137 | Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum | Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum is a species of Gymnocalycium cactus from Argentina.
Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum grows with brownish to grey-green, flat, disc-shaped shoots that barely protrude above the soil surface and reaches heights of 2 to 3 centimeters with diameters of up to 8 centimeters. The 11 to 15 low ribs are rounded and clearly tuberous. The three to seven strong, backwards curved, blackish brown thorns turn gray with age. They are up to 10 millimeters long.
The whitish to light pink flowers are 3.5 to 6 centimeters long. Their flower tube is narrow. The blue-green fruits are egg-shaped. They are up to 2 centimeters long (or longer) and have a diameter of up to 1 centimeter.
Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum is widespread in the Argentine provinces of Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja, San Juan and Santiago del Estero at altitudes of 100 to 1100 meters.
The first description as Echinocactus bodenbenderianus was made in 1928 by Carl Curt Hosseus. The specific epithet bodenbenderianum honors the German geologist Wilhelm Bodenbender [de]. A year later, Alwin Berger placed the species in the genus Gymnocalycium. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum is a species of Gymnocalycium cactus from Argentina.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum grows with brownish to grey-green, flat, disc-shaped shoots that barely protrude above the soil surface and reaches heights of 2 to 3 centimeters with diameters of up to 8 centimeters. The 11 to 15 low ribs are rounded and clearly tuberous. The three to seven strong, backwards curved, blackish brown thorns turn gray with age. They are up to 10 millimeters long.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The whitish to light pink flowers are 3.5 to 6 centimeters long. Their flower tube is narrow. The blue-green fruits are egg-shaped. They are up to 2 centimeters long (or longer) and have a diameter of up to 1 centimeter.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum is widespread in the Argentine provinces of Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja, San Juan and Santiago del Estero at altitudes of 100 to 1100 meters.",
"title": "Distribution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The first description as Echinocactus bodenbenderianus was made in 1928 by Carl Curt Hosseus. The specific epithet bodenbenderianum honors the German geologist Wilhelm Bodenbender [de]. A year later, Alwin Berger placed the species in the genus Gymnocalycium.",
"title": "Taxonomy"
}
] | Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum is a species of Gymnocalycium cactus from Argentina. | 2023-12-12T14:00:47Z | 2023-12-24T00:01:48Z | [
"Template:Speciesbox",
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Commons category-inline",
"Template:Taxonbar",
"Template:Short description"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnocalycium_bodenbenderianum |
75,545,138 | Aliabbas Salahzade | Aliabbas Salahzadeh (January 22, 1979, Bilgah) Deputy of the 6th Meeting of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan; Lawyer.
Salahzade Aliabbas Ghalib son was born on January 22, 1979, in the town of Bilgah. He graduated from secondary school number 142 in Bilgah district in 1995. He studied at Azerbaijan International University. Later, he was accepted to the Faculty of International Law of the National Aviation Academy of the Republic of Azerbaijan and graduated from there with the title of lawyer.
He did active military service in the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2002–2003. After completing his military service in 2003, he continued his duty in Sabunçu District Bilgah Municipality and was re-elected as mayor with the last vote of the municipal members.
In 2004, he started his master's degree at the Human Rights Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. During his postgraduate studies, he wrote scientific articles such as the role of international organizations, experience and modern practice in the development of local self-government and development of municipalities in the Republic of Azerbaijan.
In 2006, he was appointed head of the education, health and culture department in the administrative authority of Sabunchu district of Baku city.
In 2009, he received his doctorate in legal sciences by the decision of the High Certification Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
He has been a First Class officer since 2010.
During his student years, he was elected as a municipality member of Bilgah Municipality of Sabunçu district in the municipal elections held in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and since 1999, he was elected as the mayor upon the recommendation of the municipal members.
Until 2020, Sabunchu worked as the head of the socio-political and humanitarian affairs department in the district executive authority.
In 2020, he was elected as a member of parliament from the second constituency No. 27 in Sabunçu at the 6th Meeting of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Aliabbas Salahzade is a member of the National Assembly Natural Resources, Energy and Ecology Committee and the Regional Affairs Committee. He is the chairman of the working group on Azerbaijan-Djibouti interparliamentary relations.
He has been a member of the New Azerbaijan Party since 1995.
Between 2006 and 2011, he served as a me
mber of the board of directors of YAP Sabunçu district Youth Union and the chairman of the first party organization in Bilgah settlement.
Azerbaijan-Djibouti interparliamentary relations working group. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Aliabbas Salahzadeh (January 22, 1979, Bilgah) Deputy of the 6th Meeting of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan; Lawyer.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Salahzade Aliabbas Ghalib son was born on January 22, 1979, in the town of Bilgah. He graduated from secondary school number 142 in Bilgah district in 1995. He studied at Azerbaijan International University. Later, he was accepted to the Faculty of International Law of the National Aviation Academy of the Republic of Azerbaijan and graduated from there with the title of lawyer.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He did active military service in the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2002–2003. After completing his military service in 2003, he continued his duty in Sabunçu District Bilgah Municipality and was re-elected as mayor with the last vote of the municipal members.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2004, he started his master's degree at the Human Rights Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. During his postgraduate studies, he wrote scientific articles such as the role of international organizations, experience and modern practice in the development of local self-government and development of municipalities in the Republic of Azerbaijan.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2006, he was appointed head of the education, health and culture department in the administrative authority of Sabunchu district of Baku city.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2009, he received his doctorate in legal sciences by the decision of the High Certification Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He has been a First Class officer since 2010.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "During his student years, he was elected as a municipality member of Bilgah Municipality of Sabunçu district in the municipal elections held in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and since 1999, he was elected as the mayor upon the recommendation of the municipal members.",
"title": "Political Activity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Until 2020, Sabunchu worked as the head of the socio-political and humanitarian affairs department in the district executive authority.",
"title": "Political Activity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 2020, he was elected as a member of parliament from the second constituency No. 27 in Sabunçu at the 6th Meeting of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Aliabbas Salahzade is a member of the National Assembly Natural Resources, Energy and Ecology Committee and the Regional Affairs Committee. He is the chairman of the working group on Azerbaijan-Djibouti interparliamentary relations.",
"title": "Political Activity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "He has been a member of the New Azerbaijan Party since 1995.",
"title": "Political Activity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Between 2006 and 2011, he served as a me",
"title": "Political Activity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "mber of the board of directors of YAP Sabunçu district Youth Union and the chairman of the first party organization in Bilgah settlement.",
"title": "Political Activity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Azerbaijan-Djibouti interparliamentary relations working group.",
"title": "Political Activity"
}
] | Aliabbas Salahzadeh Deputy of the 6th Meeting of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan; Lawyer. | 2023-12-12T14:00:47Z | 2023-12-16T21:29:02Z | [
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliabbas_Salahzade |
75,545,158 | Dziekanka | Dziekanka is a district of Gniezno, Poland, located in the western part of the city.
The Museum of the Polish State Origins and the Dziekanka Regional Psychiatric Hospital are located in Dziekanka. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dziekanka is a district of Gniezno, Poland, located in the western part of the city.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Museum of the Polish State Origins and the Dziekanka Regional Psychiatric Hospital are located in Dziekanka.",
"title": ""
}
] | Dziekanka is a district of Gniezno, Poland, located in the western part of the city. The Museum of the Polish State Origins and the Dziekanka Regional Psychiatric Hospital are located in Dziekanka. | 2023-12-12T14:04:20Z | 2023-12-12T14:08:48Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite Polish law"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziekanka |
75,545,171 | Swedish expedition to Courland | Olaf of Sweden's campaign to Courland (Swedish: Olaf av Sveriges kampanj till Kurland) was an early military expedition undertaken by the Swedish king at the time, Olaf, against the rebellious Curonians who had started refusing to pay tribute to him earlier. The expedition was mentioned by the Rimbert Chronicle as a "roaring success".
After the Curonians began their rebellion, The Danes, seeing an opportunity to make them pay tribute to them instead, collected a large number of ships, most likely under the command of a man named Hasting proceeded to the country, prepared to seize their goods and to subject them to themselves.
The Curonian kingdom contained five towns, When the inhabitants heard of the Danish invasion they gathered people from all of their towns together to resist the Danes. However, after the Danes confronted them, it did not end up well for them, who suffered a crushing defeat against the Curonians. After defeating the Danes, the Curonians killed half of the Danes and looted their ships, taking from them gold and silver and much plunder.
After being notified of the Danish defeat and wishing to win the reputation of being able to do what the Danes could not and because the Curonians had previously been subject to him, Olaf immediately began assembling a large fleet in Birka in order to subjugate the Curonians.
At first, the Swedes arrived at Seeburg, a town in the Curonian kingdom, which had a garrison of about seven thousand warriors. There, they managed to destroy the entire Curonian army, captured and later pillaged and burned the town. Afterward, they marched for five days to Aputra, which had a large garrison of fifteen thousand fighters. Upon the arrival of the Swedes, the town's defenders barricaded themselves within the city, which prompted the Swedes to attempt an assault on the city, leading to an eight-day long standoff, with neither side achieving victory. On the ninth day, the Swedes, exhausted and far away from their ships, became desperate. They resorted to casting lots to seek divine intervention, but no god favored them. Distressed, they turned to a counsel of merchants who enouraged them to invoke the Christian God. Casting lots revealed to the Swedes Christ's willingness to aid them. Encouraged by this, they decided to assault the town, believing they had Christ as their ally. As they prepared for the assault, the town's inhabitants had a desire for peace and negotiations. The Swedish King agreed to this request, and they proposed a peace agreement.
The Curonian proposal included offering all the gold and plunder taken from the Danes the previous year in exchange for an agreement. Additionally, they were willing to provide half a pound of silver for each person in the town. They would also resume tribute payments and furnish hostages, signifying their commitment to Swedish authority, as in the past. Despite this offer, the younger soldiers, driven by their will for battle, remained unappeased, insisting on capturing the town by force and taking its inhabitants as captives. The King and his advisors, however, favored a more wise approach. They decided to accept the offer, struck an agreement, and departed with riches and thirty hostages in tow. The Curonians would also pledge allegiance to the Swedes.
In 862, the Curonians rose up again and expelled the Swedes, however this did not stop the Swedish ambitions, since they returned later and began constructing several forts in Courland. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Olaf of Sweden's campaign to Courland (Swedish: Olaf av Sveriges kampanj till Kurland) was an early military expedition undertaken by the Swedish king at the time, Olaf, against the rebellious Curonians who had started refusing to pay tribute to him earlier. The expedition was mentioned by the Rimbert Chronicle as a \"roaring success\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "After the Curonians began their rebellion, The Danes, seeing an opportunity to make them pay tribute to them instead, collected a large number of ships, most likely under the command of a man named Hasting proceeded to the country, prepared to seize their goods and to subject them to themselves.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Curonian kingdom contained five towns, When the inhabitants heard of the Danish invasion they gathered people from all of their towns together to resist the Danes. However, after the Danes confronted them, it did not end up well for them, who suffered a crushing defeat against the Curonians. After defeating the Danes, the Curonians killed half of the Danes and looted their ships, taking from them gold and silver and much plunder.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After being notified of the Danish defeat and wishing to win the reputation of being able to do what the Danes could not and because the Curonians had previously been subject to him, Olaf immediately began assembling a large fleet in Birka in order to subjugate the Curonians.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "At first, the Swedes arrived at Seeburg, a town in the Curonian kingdom, which had a garrison of about seven thousand warriors. There, they managed to destroy the entire Curonian army, captured and later pillaged and burned the town. Afterward, they marched for five days to Aputra, which had a large garrison of fifteen thousand fighters. Upon the arrival of the Swedes, the town's defenders barricaded themselves within the city, which prompted the Swedes to attempt an assault on the city, leading to an eight-day long standoff, with neither side achieving victory. On the ninth day, the Swedes, exhausted and far away from their ships, became desperate. They resorted to casting lots to seek divine intervention, but no god favored them. Distressed, they turned to a counsel of merchants who enouraged them to invoke the Christian God. Casting lots revealed to the Swedes Christ's willingness to aid them. Encouraged by this, they decided to assault the town, believing they had Christ as their ally. As they prepared for the assault, the town's inhabitants had a desire for peace and negotiations. The Swedish King agreed to this request, and they proposed a peace agreement.",
"title": "The Swedish campaign"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Curonian proposal included offering all the gold and plunder taken from the Danes the previous year in exchange for an agreement. Additionally, they were willing to provide half a pound of silver for each person in the town. They would also resume tribute payments and furnish hostages, signifying their commitment to Swedish authority, as in the past. Despite this offer, the younger soldiers, driven by their will for battle, remained unappeased, insisting on capturing the town by force and taking its inhabitants as captives. The King and his advisors, however, favored a more wise approach. They decided to accept the offer, struck an agreement, and departed with riches and thirty hostages in tow. The Curonians would also pledge allegiance to the Swedes.",
"title": "The Swedish campaign"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 862, the Curonians rose up again and expelled the Swedes, however this did not stop the Swedish ambitions, since they returned later and began constructing several forts in Courland.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | Olaf of Sweden's campaign to Courland was an early military expedition undertaken by the Swedish king at the time, Olaf, against the rebellious Curonians who had started refusing to pay tribute to him earlier. The expedition was mentioned by the Rimbert Chronicle as a "roaring success". | 2023-12-12T14:07:18Z | 2023-12-12T14:08:27Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox military conflict",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_expedition_to_Courland |
75,545,175 | Peter A. Derow | Peter A. Derow (born April 18, 1940) is an American semi-retired corporate director and advisor. He is a member of the advisory board at JEGI CLARITY. He is also the lead director and chairman of the compensation committee at Publishers Clearing House (PCH).
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Derow completed his BA with honors from Harvard College in 1963. He then attended Harvard Business School and received an MBA in 1965.
While pursuing his college and graduate school education, Derow worked at The Economist Newspaper, where he first started as an intern and became a consultant in international marketing and promotion. He left the company after completing his education.
Between 1965 and 1981, Derow was associated with Newsweek, a Washington Post company. During his time at Newsweek, he served in different roles, starting from a management trainee to managing director and vice president, and in 1976 was appointed the president and chairman of the company. As the president and chairman, Derow was responsible for domestic and international publishing operations and launched a Newsweek magazine, Inside Sports.
In 1977, he served as a senior vice president and director at CBS for a year and then returned as president and chairman of Newsweek. Following Newsweek in 1981, Derow became the president of the CBS Publishing Group and vice president and director of its parent company, CBS. He was associated with the company until 1986.CBS Publishing Group comprised CBS Educational and Professional Publishing, CBS Magazines, and CBS Software, which Derow led during his tenure. CBS Software was a joint venture with Children Television Workshop that developed and sold award-winning educational software worldwide. In 1984, Derow co-founded Trintex, which became Prodigy, a pre-internet joint venture among CBS, IBM, and Sears that created the first online dialup company providing online communication, community, and commerce.
He joined Goldmark, a private equity-financed publishing firm, in 1986 and worked as the president, CEO, and principal of the firm until 1988. Derow then served as the president and CEO of Institutional Investor from 1988 to 1997. Institutional Investor was a subsidiary of Capital Cities/ABC, later purchased by the Walt Disney Company in 1995. While at Institutional Investor, he was responsible for developing strategies, structure, and management teams for its different divisions, magazines, newsletters, events, and databases.
In 1998, Derow became a director and chairman of the compensation committee of an international direct marketing company, Publishers Clearing House, where he has been serving since. He has been integral to its transformation from selling magazines and merchandise to a leading internet entertainment company.
Between 1999 and 2018, Derow was associated as a member of the board of directors with several companies, which include Argus Research, Aspire Media, CACI International, DICE, Earthweb, eDialog, Fedwise, Global Decisions Group, GlobalSpec, Money Media, The Motley Fool, On Target Jobs, 101 Communications, and WMI. In addition, he served as an interim CEO at DICE in 2001.
Derow has been a member of the advisory board of an investment banking firm, JEGI CLARITY, since 2005. In 2018, he became an educational advisor at a non-profit organization, The Robert W. Wilson Trust, where he served until 2023. Derow initiated and managed environmental education programs at the Harvard Business School in the US and Cambridge University in the UK. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Peter A. Derow (born April 18, 1940) is an American semi-retired corporate director and advisor. He is a member of the advisory board at JEGI CLARITY. He is also the lead director and chairman of the compensation committee at Publishers Clearing House (PCH).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Derow completed his BA with honors from Harvard College in 1963. He then attended Harvard Business School and received an MBA in 1965.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "While pursuing his college and graduate school education, Derow worked at The Economist Newspaper, where he first started as an intern and became a consultant in international marketing and promotion. He left the company after completing his education.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Between 1965 and 1981, Derow was associated with Newsweek, a Washington Post company. During his time at Newsweek, he served in different roles, starting from a management trainee to managing director and vice president, and in 1976 was appointed the president and chairman of the company. As the president and chairman, Derow was responsible for domestic and international publishing operations and launched a Newsweek magazine, Inside Sports.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1977, he served as a senior vice president and director at CBS for a year and then returned as president and chairman of Newsweek. Following Newsweek in 1981, Derow became the president of the CBS Publishing Group and vice president and director of its parent company, CBS. He was associated with the company until 1986.CBS Publishing Group comprised CBS Educational and Professional Publishing, CBS Magazines, and CBS Software, which Derow led during his tenure. CBS Software was a joint venture with Children Television Workshop that developed and sold award-winning educational software worldwide. In 1984, Derow co-founded Trintex, which became Prodigy, a pre-internet joint venture among CBS, IBM, and Sears that created the first online dialup company providing online communication, community, and commerce.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "He joined Goldmark, a private equity-financed publishing firm, in 1986 and worked as the president, CEO, and principal of the firm until 1988. Derow then served as the president and CEO of Institutional Investor from 1988 to 1997. Institutional Investor was a subsidiary of Capital Cities/ABC, later purchased by the Walt Disney Company in 1995. While at Institutional Investor, he was responsible for developing strategies, structure, and management teams for its different divisions, magazines, newsletters, events, and databases.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1998, Derow became a director and chairman of the compensation committee of an international direct marketing company, Publishers Clearing House, where he has been serving since. He has been integral to its transformation from selling magazines and merchandise to a leading internet entertainment company.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Between 1999 and 2018, Derow was associated as a member of the board of directors with several companies, which include Argus Research, Aspire Media, CACI International, DICE, Earthweb, eDialog, Fedwise, Global Decisions Group, GlobalSpec, Money Media, The Motley Fool, On Target Jobs, 101 Communications, and WMI. In addition, he served as an interim CEO at DICE in 2001.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Derow has been a member of the advisory board of an investment banking firm, JEGI CLARITY, since 2005. In 2018, he became an educational advisor at a non-profit organization, The Robert W. Wilson Trust, where he served until 2023. Derow initiated and managed environmental education programs at the Harvard Business School in the US and Cambridge University in the UK.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Peter A. Derow is an American semi-retired corporate director and advisor. He is a member of the advisory board at JEGI CLARITY. He is also the lead director and chairman of the compensation committee at Publishers Clearing House (PCH). | 2023-12-12T14:08:35Z | 2023-12-28T03:48:58Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Dead link",
"Template:Infobox person"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_A._Derow |
75,545,190 | Dalki, Gniezno | Dalki [ˈdalkʲi] is a district of Gniezno, Poland, located in the western part of the city. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dalki [ˈdalkʲi] is a district of Gniezno, Poland, located in the western part of the city.",
"title": ""
}
] | Dalki is a district of Gniezno, Poland, located in the western part of the city. | 2023-12-12T14:12:00Z | 2023-12-12T14:19:15Z | [
"Template:IPAc-pl",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite Polish law"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalki,_Gniezno |
75,545,192 | Colored Knights of Pythias | The Colored Knights of Pythias, also known as the Knights of Pythias, was a fraternal organization in the United States. It was established because the Knights of Pythias was segregated from its founding in 1864, so African Americans formed their own order. It was established in Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1880.
The Grand Lodge of the Colored Knights of Pythias in Dallas, Texas (Knights of Pythias Temple (Dallas, Texas)) was designed by William Sidney Pittman. It housed offices for many leaders in the community. Walter T. Bailey designed the 8-story National Lodge in Chicago.
T. W. Stringer helped organize a lodge in Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1880. The group organized in Indiana in 1880. Chicago was chosen for a National Temple in 1906. Frank Hunter was chosen to design a Grand Lodge by the group's Indianapolis branches. It was dedicated in 1911 and remains standing at 701-703 North Senate. The Indianapolis Recorder was a tenant. There were eight lodges in New York state in 1905 and 340 members. The group's second annual convention in the state was held in Brooklyn.
The History and manual of the Colored Knights of Pythias N.A., S.A., E.A., A. and A by E. A. Williams, Smith W. Green; Joseph L. Jones; Knights of Pythias, Supreme Lodge.; National Baptist Publishing Board in Nashville, Tennessee was published in 1917.
The former lodge in Waxahachie, Texas is now home to Ellis County African American Hall of Fame Museum and Library.
It was officially titled The Supreme Lodge of Knights of Pythias of North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceanica. The Constitution and By-laws of the Grand Lodge Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia was published in 1912.
A lawsuit was filed in Georgia challenging the organization's use of the Knights of Pythias name and paraphernalia. The suit was a focus of concern at the group's National Convention held in Kansas City, Missouri in 1909. The white Pythians of Georgia finally lost in 1912 and both groups were allowed to use the name.
In 1921, Constitution and Grand Statutes of the Grand Lodge Colored Knights of Phythias was published.
The group had strong membership in Florida. The Florida organization required membership to pay poll taxes and register to vote. In Quincy, Florida, this drew the ire of the Ku Klux Klan and the group's lodge was burned and several members murdered.
Sheet music for a minstrel song about the group on grand parade was published It was dedicated to Edward Harrigan.
In 2012, The Alabama Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia; A Brief History by Marilyn T. Peebles was published.
The New York Public Library has a collection of their files. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Colored Knights of Pythias, also known as the Knights of Pythias, was a fraternal organization in the United States. It was established because the Knights of Pythias was segregated from its founding in 1864, so African Americans formed their own order. It was established in Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1880.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Grand Lodge of the Colored Knights of Pythias in Dallas, Texas (Knights of Pythias Temple (Dallas, Texas)) was designed by William Sidney Pittman. It housed offices for many leaders in the community. Walter T. Bailey designed the 8-story National Lodge in Chicago.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "T. W. Stringer helped organize a lodge in Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1880. The group organized in Indiana in 1880. Chicago was chosen for a National Temple in 1906. Frank Hunter was chosen to design a Grand Lodge by the group's Indianapolis branches. It was dedicated in 1911 and remains standing at 701-703 North Senate. The Indianapolis Recorder was a tenant. There were eight lodges in New York state in 1905 and 340 members. The group's second annual convention in the state was held in Brooklyn.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The History and manual of the Colored Knights of Pythias N.A., S.A., E.A., A. and A by E. A. Williams, Smith W. Green; Joseph L. Jones; Knights of Pythias, Supreme Lodge.; National Baptist Publishing Board in Nashville, Tennessee was published in 1917.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The former lodge in Waxahachie, Texas is now home to Ellis County African American Hall of Fame Museum and Library.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "It was officially titled The Supreme Lodge of Knights of Pythias of North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceanica. The Constitution and By-laws of the Grand Lodge Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia was published in 1912.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "A lawsuit was filed in Georgia challenging the organization's use of the Knights of Pythias name and paraphernalia. The suit was a focus of concern at the group's National Convention held in Kansas City, Missouri in 1909. The white Pythians of Georgia finally lost in 1912 and both groups were allowed to use the name.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1921, Constitution and Grand Statutes of the Grand Lodge Colored Knights of Phythias was published.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The group had strong membership in Florida. The Florida organization required membership to pay poll taxes and register to vote. In Quincy, Florida, this drew the ire of the Ku Klux Klan and the group's lodge was burned and several members murdered.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Sheet music for a minstrel song about the group on grand parade was published It was dedicated to Edward Harrigan.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In 2012, The Alabama Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia; A Brief History by Marilyn T. Peebles was published.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The New York Public Library has a collection of their files.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The Colored Knights of Pythias, also known as the Knights of Pythias, was a fraternal organization in the United States. It was established because the Knights of Pythias was segregated from its founding in 1864, so African Americans formed their own order. It was established in Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1880. The Grand Lodge of the Colored Knights of Pythias in Dallas, Texas was designed by William Sidney Pittman. It housed offices for many leaders in the community. Walter T. Bailey designed the 8-story National Lodge in Chicago. T. W. Stringer helped organize a lodge in Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1880. The group organized in Indiana in 1880. Chicago was chosen for a National Temple in 1906. Frank Hunter was chosen to design a Grand Lodge by the group's Indianapolis branches. It was dedicated in 1911 and remains standing at 701-703 North Senate. The Indianapolis Recorder was a tenant. There were eight lodges in New York state in 1905 and 340 members. The group's second annual convention in the state was held in Brooklyn. The History and manual of the Colored Knights of Pythias N.A., S.A., E.A., A. and A by E. A. Williams, Smith W. Green; Joseph L. Jones; Knights of Pythias, Supreme Lodge.; National Baptist Publishing Board in Nashville, Tennessee was published in 1917. The former lodge in Waxahachie, Texas is now home to Ellis County African American Hall of Fame Museum and Library. | 2023-12-12T14:12:13Z | 2023-12-13T17:57:07Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colored_Knights_of_Pythias |
75,545,207 | Renato Cordero | Renato Antonio Cordero Romo (born 16 April 2003) is a Chilean footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Universidad de Chile.
Born in San Felipe, Chile, Cordero came to the Universidad de Chile youth system at the age of ten and made his professional debut in a Chilean Primera División match against O'Higgins on 24 July 2022. Previously, he was on the bench in the Copa Libertadores match against Argentine side San Lorenzo on 18 March 2021. In December 2022, he signed his first professional contract.
At under-20 level, Cordero was called up for the Costa Cálida Supercup in September 2022, but he was withdrawn from the squad due to a muscle injury. The next year, he represented Chile at the South American U20 Championship, making three appearances.
At under-23 level, he was included in the preliminary squad for the 2024 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Renato Antonio Cordero Romo (born 16 April 2003) is a Chilean footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Universidad de Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in San Felipe, Chile, Cordero came to the Universidad de Chile youth system at the age of ten and made his professional debut in a Chilean Primera División match against O'Higgins on 24 July 2022. Previously, he was on the bench in the Copa Libertadores match against Argentine side San Lorenzo on 18 March 2021. In December 2022, he signed his first professional contract.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "At under-20 level, Cordero was called up for the Costa Cálida Supercup in September 2022, but he was withdrawn from the squad due to a muscle injury. The next year, he represented Chile at the South American U20 Championship, making three appearances.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At under-23 level, he was included in the preliminary squad for the 2024 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament.",
"title": "International career"
}
] | Renato Antonio Cordero Romo is a Chilean footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Universidad de Chile. | 2023-12-12T14:14:39Z | 2023-12-12T14:14:39Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato_Cordero |
75,545,219 | 2023 Speaker of the Dutch House of Representatives election | On 14 December 2023, the House of Representatives of the Netherlands will elect its Speaker for the 2023–2027 term. The election is held three weeks after the 2023 general election. Incumbent Speaker Vera Bergkamp (D66) retired from politics.
Martin Bosma of the Party for Freedom was elected in the second round with 75 votes.
Two members of the House of Representatives declared their candidacy.
On 8 December, 59 year old Tom van der Lee, a member of the GroenLinks–PvdA group, became the first to announce his candidacy for the speakership. In his public application letter, he expressed his desire to bridge the gap between citizens and politicians and enhance the legislative process. He also cited his impartial unifying leadership, having worked as campaign director of Oxfam Novib and head of information of GroenLinks. Van der Lee, who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2017, rose to prominence as chairman of the parliamentary inquiry into natural gas extraction Groningen.
On 10 December, 59 year old Martin Bosma, a member of the Party for Freedom (PVV) group, announced his candidacy for the speakership, having previously been a candidate in 2016 and 2021. Bosma has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2006, and a deputy speaker since 2010. In this capacity, he has chaired many parliamentary debates, and he is praised for his tight chairmanship. However, there are also concerns about his polarising politics and his failure to distance himself from his party leader Geert Wilders' past statements.
Acting speaker Roelien Kamminga (VVD) was also seen as a potential candidate, but declined to stand for election.
The newly elected House of Representatives settled on a profile for the next Speaker on 6 December 2023. Members could apply for the position until 12 December. The voting took place on 14 December, in two rounds. Voting took place by secret ballot.
Martin Bosma, a member of the Party for Freedom, was elected in the second round with 75 votes. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On 14 December 2023, the House of Representatives of the Netherlands will elect its Speaker for the 2023–2027 term. The election is held three weeks after the 2023 general election. Incumbent Speaker Vera Bergkamp (D66) retired from politics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Martin Bosma of the Party for Freedom was elected in the second round with 75 votes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Two members of the House of Representatives declared their candidacy.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 8 December, 59 year old Tom van der Lee, a member of the GroenLinks–PvdA group, became the first to announce his candidacy for the speakership. In his public application letter, he expressed his desire to bridge the gap between citizens and politicians and enhance the legislative process. He also cited his impartial unifying leadership, having worked as campaign director of Oxfam Novib and head of information of GroenLinks. Van der Lee, who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2017, rose to prominence as chairman of the parliamentary inquiry into natural gas extraction Groningen.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 10 December, 59 year old Martin Bosma, a member of the Party for Freedom (PVV) group, announced his candidacy for the speakership, having previously been a candidate in 2016 and 2021. Bosma has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2006, and a deputy speaker since 2010. In this capacity, he has chaired many parliamentary debates, and he is praised for his tight chairmanship. However, there are also concerns about his polarising politics and his failure to distance himself from his party leader Geert Wilders' past statements.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Acting speaker Roelien Kamminga (VVD) was also seen as a potential candidate, but declined to stand for election.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The newly elected House of Representatives settled on a profile for the next Speaker on 6 December 2023. Members could apply for the position until 12 December. The voting took place on 14 December, in two rounds. Voting took place by secret ballot.",
"title": "Procedure"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Martin Bosma, a member of the Party for Freedom, was elected in the second round with 75 votes.",
"title": "Results"
}
] | On 14 December 2023, the House of Representatives of the Netherlands will elect its Speaker for the 2023–2027 term. The election is held three weeks after the 2023 general election. Incumbent Speaker Vera Bergkamp (D66) retired from politics. Martin Bosma of the Party for Freedom was elected in the second round with 75 votes. | 2023-12-12T14:18:40Z | 2023-12-20T08:44:59Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Speaker_of_the_Dutch_House_of_Representatives_election |
75,545,223 | Tom Tits Experiment | Tom Tits Experiment is a science centre located in the municipality of Södertälje in Stockholm County, Sweden - and the first permanent hands-on science centre in the Nordic countries. It started as a temporary exhibition in the Södertälje Art Hall in 1985. Two years later, a permanent exhibition was opened in its current premises, which were previously used for industrial purposes by the company Alfa Laval. The name Tom Tit comes from the French book Tom Tit – La Science Amusante by Arthur Goodthat, which contains various experiments originally published in a French magazine under the pseudonym Tom Tit.
Tom Tits Experiment comprises an area of 15,000 square metres and has exhibitions and experiments on the themes of technology, physics, mathematics, natural geography, biology, man and optical illusions. The indoor part occupies around 6,000 square metres, and the outdoor part 9,000 square metres. In total, the facility has about 500 experiments.
In 2006 Tom Tits Experiment was awarded the Luigi Micheletti Award, a prestigious prize (under the auspices of the Council of Europe) for museums with a focus on contemporary history, science and the industrial and social cultural heritage of Europe. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tom Tits Experiment is a science centre located in the municipality of Södertälje in Stockholm County, Sweden - and the first permanent hands-on science centre in the Nordic countries. It started as a temporary exhibition in the Södertälje Art Hall in 1985. Two years later, a permanent exhibition was opened in its current premises, which were previously used for industrial purposes by the company Alfa Laval. The name Tom Tit comes from the French book Tom Tit – La Science Amusante by Arthur Goodthat, which contains various experiments originally published in a French magazine under the pseudonym Tom Tit.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Tom Tits Experiment comprises an area of 15,000 square metres and has exhibitions and experiments on the themes of technology, physics, mathematics, natural geography, biology, man and optical illusions. The indoor part occupies around 6,000 square metres, and the outdoor part 9,000 square metres. In total, the facility has about 500 experiments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2006 Tom Tits Experiment was awarded the Luigi Micheletti Award, a prestigious prize (under the auspices of the Council of Europe) for museums with a focus on contemporary history, science and the industrial and social cultural heritage of Europe.",
"title": ""
}
] | Tom Tits Experiment is a science centre located in the municipality of Södertälje in Stockholm County, Sweden - and the first permanent hands-on science centre in the Nordic countries. It started as a temporary exhibition in the Södertälje Art Hall in 1985. Two years later, a permanent exhibition was opened in its current premises, which were previously used for industrial purposes by the company Alfa Laval. The name Tom Tit comes from the French book Tom Tit – La Science Amusante by Arthur Goodthat, which contains various experiments originally published in a French magazine under the pseudonym Tom Tit. Tom Tits Experiment comprises an area of 15,000 square metres and has exhibitions and experiments on the themes of technology, physics, mathematics, natural geography, biology, man and optical illusions. The indoor part occupies around 6,000 square metres, and the outdoor part 9,000 square metres. In total, the facility has about 500 experiments. In 2006 Tom Tits Experiment was awarded the Luigi Micheletti Award, a prestigious prize for museums with a focus on contemporary history, science and the industrial and social cultural heritage of Europe. | 2023-12-12T14:19:27Z | 2023-12-13T11:09:38Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Sweden-museum-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Tits_Experiment |
75,545,224 | Filippovka kurgans | 51°20′35″N 54°07′01″E / 51.342968°N 54.116974°E / 51.342968; 54.116974
The Filippovka kurgans (Ru: Филипповский курганный) are Late-Sauromatian to Early-Sarmatian culture kurgans, forming "a transition site between the Sauromation and the Sarmatian epochs", just north of the Caspian Sea in the Orenburg region of Russia, dated to the second half of the 5th century and the 4th century BCE (that is, from the 450-300 BCE period).
The style of the artifacts from the Filippovka kurgans is considered as Scythian Animal Style. Some of the artifacts having Achaemenid stylistic elements, it has been suggested that they were made by Achaemenid craftsmen by order from Filippovka nomads.
The numerous burials at Filippovka are dated to the 2nd half of the 5th century and the 4th century (c.450-300 BCE), and correspond to the Early Sarmatian culture of the southern Ural region.
The style of many artifacts looks quite archaic, prompting some historians to date them to the 6th century BCE and to the Sauromatian (pre-Sarmatian) period (ca. 600-400 BCE), but detailed analysis confirms dates of c.450-300 BCE for all the Filippovka kurgan, representing a transitory phase between the Sauromatians and the Earliest Sarmatians.
The finds of weaponary in the Filippovka kurgans also allowed for the definition of the Early Sarmatian heavy-armed warrior: "He wore a forged-iron helmet with a nose piece and cheek pieces. Scale armor of leather protected his body. He carried a twig-woven quiver for a bow and sometimes more than 200 arrows, covered with leather and decorated with an umbo; an arms belt with a buckle for crossing the belts; a richly decorated quiver hook; a long spear with a massive head and spike; a short iron akinakes sword; and iron axe. This complete image recalls a picture from a novel featuring medieval western European knights; these Sarmatian "prototypes," however, are 2,000 years older".
Numerous weapons, armour, helmets were found in the excavations of Filippovka kurgan 1:
The people buried in Filippovka combined Western (Timber Grave and Andronovo) and Eastern characteristics. Compared with classical Sauromatians, Early Sarmatians, such as those of Filippovka, generally display an increased incidence of eastern Asiatic features. They most closely resembled the Saka populations of Central Asia, particularly from the Altai region (Pazyryk), and were very different from the western Scythians, or the Sarmatians of the Volga River area to the west:
In skull shape and facial structure, the Filippovka specimens differ considerably from remains of Scythians and Volga River-area Sarmatians. The Filipovka skulls most closely resemble those of Saka from Kazakhstan and the Aral Sea region, and those of the Usuns from Eastern Kazhakhstan.
The region between the Caspian Sea and of the Southern Urals originally had populations of Srubnaya (1900 BC–1200 BCE) and Andronovo (c. 2000–1150 BCE) ancestry ancestry, but, starting with the Iron Age (c.1000 BCE) became a region of intense ethnic and cultural interraction between European and Asian components. From the 7th century BCE, Early Saka nomads started to settle in the Southern Urals, coming from Central Asia, the Altai-Sayan region, and Central and Northern Kazakhstan. The Itkul culture (7th-5th century BCE) is one of these Early Saka cultures, based in the eastern foothills of the Urals, which was assimilited into the Early Sarmatian culture. Circa 600 BCE, groups from the Saka Tasmola culture settled in the southern Urals. Circa 500 BCE, other groups from the area of Ancient Khorezm settled in the western part of the southern Urals, who also assimilated into the Early Sarmatians.
As a result, a large-scale integrated union of nomads from Central Asia formed in the area in the 5th–4th century BCE, with fairly uniformized cultural practices. This cultural complex, with notable ‘‘foreign elements’’, corresponds to the ‘‘royal’’ burials of Filippovka, and define the "Prokhorovka period" of the Early Sarmatians. | [
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"text": "The Filippovka kurgans (Ru: Филипповский курганный) are Late-Sauromatian to Early-Sarmatian culture kurgans, forming \"a transition site between the Sauromation and the Sarmatian epochs\", just north of the Caspian Sea in the Orenburg region of Russia, dated to the second half of the 5th century and the 4th century BCE (that is, from the 450-300 BCE period).",
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"text": "The style of the artifacts from the Filippovka kurgans is considered as Scythian Animal Style. Some of the artifacts having Achaemenid stylistic elements, it has been suggested that they were made by Achaemenid craftsmen by order from Filippovka nomads.",
"title": "Characteristics"
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"text": "The numerous burials at Filippovka are dated to the 2nd half of the 5th century and the 4th century (c.450-300 BCE), and correspond to the Early Sarmatian culture of the southern Ural region.",
"title": "Characteristics"
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{
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"text": "The style of many artifacts looks quite archaic, prompting some historians to date them to the 6th century BCE and to the Sauromatian (pre-Sarmatian) period (ca. 600-400 BCE), but detailed analysis confirms dates of c.450-300 BCE for all the Filippovka kurgan, representing a transitory phase between the Sauromatians and the Earliest Sarmatians.",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
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"text": "The finds of weaponary in the Filippovka kurgans also allowed for the definition of the Early Sarmatian heavy-armed warrior: \"He wore a forged-iron helmet with a nose piece and cheek pieces. Scale armor of leather protected his body. He carried a twig-woven quiver for a bow and sometimes more than 200 arrows, covered with leather and decorated with an umbo; an arms belt with a buckle for crossing the belts; a richly decorated quiver hook; a long spear with a massive head and spike; a short iron akinakes sword; and iron axe. This complete image recalls a picture from a novel featuring medieval western European knights; these Sarmatian \"prototypes,\" however, are 2,000 years older\".",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
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"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Numerous weapons, armour, helmets were found in the excavations of Filippovka kurgan 1:",
"title": "Characteristics"
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"text": "The people buried in Filippovka combined Western (Timber Grave and Andronovo) and Eastern characteristics. Compared with classical Sauromatians, Early Sarmatians, such as those of Filippovka, generally display an increased incidence of eastern Asiatic features. They most closely resembled the Saka populations of Central Asia, particularly from the Altai region (Pazyryk), and were very different from the western Scythians, or the Sarmatians of the Volga River area to the west:",
"title": "Anthropology"
},
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"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In skull shape and facial structure, the Filippovka specimens differ considerably from remains of Scythians and Volga River-area Sarmatians. The Filipovka skulls most closely resemble those of Saka from Kazakhstan and the Aral Sea region, and those of the Usuns from Eastern Kazhakhstan.",
"title": "Anthropology"
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"title": "Anthropology"
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"text": "The region between the Caspian Sea and of the Southern Urals originally had populations of Srubnaya (1900 BC–1200 BCE) and Andronovo (c. 2000–1150 BCE) ancestry ancestry, but, starting with the Iron Age (c.1000 BCE) became a region of intense ethnic and cultural interraction between European and Asian components. From the 7th century BCE, Early Saka nomads started to settle in the Southern Urals, coming from Central Asia, the Altai-Sayan region, and Central and Northern Kazakhstan. The Itkul culture (7th-5th century BCE) is one of these Early Saka cultures, based in the eastern foothills of the Urals, which was assimilited into the Early Sarmatian culture. Circa 600 BCE, groups from the Saka Tasmola culture settled in the southern Urals. Circa 500 BCE, other groups from the area of Ancient Khorezm settled in the western part of the southern Urals, who also assimilated into the Early Sarmatians.",
"title": "Anthropology"
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"title": "Anthropology"
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] | The Filippovka kurgans are Late-Sauromatian to Early-Sarmatian culture kurgans, forming "a transition site between the Sauromation and the Sarmatian epochs", just north of the Caspian Sea in the Orenburg region of Russia, dated to the second half of the 5th century and the 4th century BCE. | 2023-12-12T14:19:39Z | 2023-12-25T06:14:23Z | [
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75,545,228 | Sigmund Maybaum | Sigmund Maybaum was a Hungarian-born German Reform rabbi who served in Dolný Kubín, Žatec, Miskolc, and Berlin. He was an opponent of the Zionist movement.
Maybaum was born in Miskolc, Austrian Empire, on April 29, 1844. His nephew was the rabbi and theologian Ignaz Maybaum. Maybaum studied as a yeshiva student as the Eisenstadt yeshiva and the Pressburg Yeshiva.
Maybaum received semikhah from the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau in 1871. His ordination was signed by Zacharias Frankel, the seminary's director. From 1870 to 1873, he served as a rabbi in Dolný Kubín in what is now Slovakia (then part of Austria-Hungary). Between 1873 and 1881, he served as a rabbi in Žatec in Bohemia. He served as a congregational leader in Berlin from 1881 until his death in 1919.
In 1897, Maybaum and another Liberal rabbi, Heinemann Vogelstein of Stettin, vocalized their opposition to Zionism and the First Zionist Congress which was to be held in Basel, Switzerland. Maybaum and Vogelstein were worried that the Zionist movement could undermine the rights of Jewish citizens of the German Reich. On June 11, 1897, a group of Liberal and Orthodox rabbis wrote a letter to Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums detailing their objections to Zionism. The letter was written by the executive committee of the Union of Rabbis Germany, which included Rabbi Maybaum, as well as Dr. Marcus Horovitz of Frankfurt, Dr. Jacob Guttmann of Barcelos, Dr. Aviezri Auerbach of Hlberstat, and Dr. Werner of Munich. In response, Theodor Herzl dubbed them the "protestrabbiner" (protest rabbis). Declaring Zionism to be "propaganda" and a "calamity", the rabbis attempted to stop the First Zionist Conference from being held in Germany and were opposed to the establishment of Herzl's Die Welt. The rabbis objected to the fact that the newspaper was written in German, rather than Hebrew. Arguing in favor of patriotism and assimilation, the letter stated their beliefs that "the Jews comprise a separate community solely with respect to religion" rather than nationality, that Jews are obligated to follow the laws of their country of residence, and that Zionism contradicted the "messianic promises of Judaism". Due to the objections of the Munich Jewish community, Herzl decided to move the First Zionist Congress from Munich to Basel.
Maybaum died on July 31, 1919, in Berlin. | [
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"text": "In 1897, Maybaum and another Liberal rabbi, Heinemann Vogelstein of Stettin, vocalized their opposition to Zionism and the First Zionist Congress which was to be held in Basel, Switzerland. Maybaum and Vogelstein were worried that the Zionist movement could undermine the rights of Jewish citizens of the German Reich. On June 11, 1897, a group of Liberal and Orthodox rabbis wrote a letter to Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums detailing their objections to Zionism. The letter was written by the executive committee of the Union of Rabbis Germany, which included Rabbi Maybaum, as well as Dr. Marcus Horovitz of Frankfurt, Dr. Jacob Guttmann of Barcelos, Dr. Aviezri Auerbach of Hlberstat, and Dr. Werner of Munich. In response, Theodor Herzl dubbed them the \"protestrabbiner\" (protest rabbis). Declaring Zionism to be \"propaganda\" and a \"calamity\", the rabbis attempted to stop the First Zionist Conference from being held in Germany and were opposed to the establishment of Herzl's Die Welt. The rabbis objected to the fact that the newspaper was written in German, rather than Hebrew. Arguing in favor of patriotism and assimilation, the letter stated their beliefs that \"the Jews comprise a separate community solely with respect to religion\" rather than nationality, that Jews are obligated to follow the laws of their country of residence, and that Zionism contradicted the \"messianic promises of Judaism\". Due to the objections of the Munich Jewish community, Herzl decided to move the First Zionist Congress from Munich to Basel.",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "Maybaum died on July 31, 1919, in Berlin.",
"title": "Death"
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] | Sigmund Maybaum was a Hungarian-born German Reform rabbi who served in Dolný Kubín, Žatec, Miskolc, and Berlin. He was an opponent of the Zionist movement. | 2023-12-12T14:20:57Z | 2023-12-30T23:28:27Z | [
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75,545,252 | Faith Bruyning | Faith H. Bruyning (born 26 January 1988) is a Dutch jurist and politician of the New Social Contract (NSC) party. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since 6 December 2023.
Bruyning was born in Almere on 26 January 1988. She studied law at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences from 2010 until 2017. After having done a transition study at the Open University, she obtained her master's degree in law at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in June 2023.
At the 2023 House of Representatives election, Bruyning was 18th on the candidate list for the new NSC party. The party eventually won 20 seats and Bruyning was officially sworn in as member of the House of Representatives on 6 December 2023. | [
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"title": "Political career"
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] | Faith H. Bruyning is a Dutch jurist and politician of the New Social Contract (NSC) party. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since 6 December 2023. | 2023-12-12T14:27:46Z | 2023-12-29T10:25:55Z | [
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75,545,268 | Octávio Brandão | Octávio Brandão Rego (Viçosa, September 12, 1896 - Rio de Janeiro, March 15, 1980) was a Brazilian pharmacist, politician and activist. He was also a militant and theoretician in the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB in Portuguese), a movement that influenced a generation of left-wing activists and was responsible for spreading Marxist concepts in Brazil.
Octávio Brandão was born in the city of Viçosa, in the state of Alagoas, in 1896. He had a traditional Catholic family, but split from religion at the age of 16. At the beginning of the 20th century, when the landowning oligarchy and political power were more involved in government, Brandão surprised the society of Alagoas with his libertarian concepts and attitudes. He was a pioneer of agrarian reform in Brazil and went on pilgrimages through the interior of Alagoas preaching the distribution of land.
He was part of the Brazilian anarchist movement in the first decades of the 20th century. When he was less than 20 years old, Octávio Brandão joined the fight for an eight-hour working day, which resulted in him being threatened with death by the local bourgeoisie and leaving his town. His first intellectual work, "Aspectos Pernambucanos nos Fins do Século XVI", was published in 1914 in the Diário de Pernambuco. He graduated in pharmacy at the University of Recife, now the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). In 1919, Astrojildo Pereira visited him at the pharmacy where he worked and lent him some Marxist books.
In 1920, Brandão became a member of the Grupo Clarté de Paris and, through the Grupo Comunista Brasileiro Zumbi, he joined the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) in the second half of 1922, becoming its national leader. In 1923, Octávio Brandão made the first Brazilian translation of The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels from the French edition by Laura Lafargue, published in the trade union newspaper Voz Cosmopolita.
In 1924, he began writing Agrarismo e industrialismo: ensaio marxista-leninista sobre a revolta de São Paulo e a guerra de classes no Brasil and tried to apply the principles of Lenin's Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism to the Brazilian reality, but instead placed industrialism as a pole that should be supported against conservative agrarianism. The draft text was distributed and served as a basis for the theses that Astrojildo Pereira presented to the Second Congress of the Communist Party of Brazil in 1925. The complete book was only published in April 1926 under the pseudonym Fritz Mayer and with a false indication of the place of publication in order to evade Artur Bernardes' political police.
Brandão's dialectic was based on "thesis-antithesis-synthesis", a simplifying formula difficult to find in Hegel, but which Brandão applied to everything. Inspired by his dialectic, he presented the trajectory of the workers' movement in Brazil in a triadic scheme and concluded that the thesis was the initial period of anarchist hegemony, the antithesis was the period of persecution unleashed by Epitácio Pessoa and the synthesis was the proletarian revolution, inaugurated by the founding of the PCB.
In 1925, he led the creation of A Classe Operária, the Communist Party's first mass newspaper, of which he was the first editor. Two years later, he became editor-in-chief of the daily A Nação. Communist ideas began to spread more widely among workers. In 1928, he was elected as one of the intendants to the Council of the then Federal District by the Bloco Operário e Camponês, an electoral front created by the PCB. Soon after the leftist turn of the Third International, Brandão's ideas on the Brazilian revolution were condemned and accused of being right-wing. He had to make a self-criticism and was removed from his position in the party leadership.
After being persecuted by the Vargas government, Brandão was deported to Germany for his political activities in 1931. However, he went to the Soviet Union, where he remained in exile for 15 years. From there, he criticized the outbreak of the November 1935 military uprisings under the command of Luís Carlos Prestes, already a member of the PCB. During the World War II, he worked for Radio Moscow, where he produced programs in Portuguese. He also collaborated in the organization of the Third International.
In 1947, after returning to Brazil, he was elected as one of the PCB's councillors to the Rio de Janeiro City Council. However, he was banned in 1948, along with all of the PCB's parliamentarians, after the party's registration was canceled by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE in Portuguese). He went underground until 1958.
In 1956, Khrushchev denounced Stalin's crimes and triggered an unprecedented crisis in the international communist movement. Brandão, affected by the situation, slowly drifted away from militancy. The PCB leadership's negligence towards its former militants also contributed to his attitude. He once again went underground with the 1964 coup and only reappeared publicly in 1979.
Octávio Brandão died in Rio de Janeiro in 1980 at the age of 83. His entire collection is housed in the Edgard Leuenroth Archive (AEL), linked to the State University of Campinas (Unicamp), including books, documents, letters and notes. | [
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"title": "Biography"
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"title": "Biography"
},
{
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"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Brandão's dialectic was based on \"thesis-antithesis-synthesis\", a simplifying formula difficult to find in Hegel, but which Brandão applied to everything. Inspired by his dialectic, he presented the trajectory of the workers' movement in Brazil in a triadic scheme and concluded that the thesis was the initial period of anarchist hegemony, the antithesis was the period of persecution unleashed by Epitácio Pessoa and the synthesis was the proletarian revolution, inaugurated by the founding of the PCB.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
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"text": "In 1925, he led the creation of A Classe Operária, the Communist Party's first mass newspaper, of which he was the first editor. Two years later, he became editor-in-chief of the daily A Nação. Communist ideas began to spread more widely among workers. In 1928, he was elected as one of the intendants to the Council of the then Federal District by the Bloco Operário e Camponês, an electoral front created by the PCB. Soon after the leftist turn of the Third International, Brandão's ideas on the Brazilian revolution were condemned and accused of being right-wing. He had to make a self-criticism and was removed from his position in the party leadership.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "After being persecuted by the Vargas government, Brandão was deported to Germany for his political activities in 1931. However, he went to the Soviet Union, where he remained in exile for 15 years. From there, he criticized the outbreak of the November 1935 military uprisings under the command of Luís Carlos Prestes, already a member of the PCB. During the World War II, he worked for Radio Moscow, where he produced programs in Portuguese. He also collaborated in the organization of the Third International.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 1947, after returning to Brazil, he was elected as one of the PCB's councillors to the Rio de Janeiro City Council. However, he was banned in 1948, along with all of the PCB's parliamentarians, after the party's registration was canceled by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE in Portuguese). He went underground until 1958.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 1956, Khrushchev denounced Stalin's crimes and triggered an unprecedented crisis in the international communist movement. Brandão, affected by the situation, slowly drifted away from militancy. The PCB leadership's negligence towards its former militants also contributed to his attitude. He once again went underground with the 1964 coup and only reappeared publicly in 1979.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Octávio Brandão died in Rio de Janeiro in 1980 at the age of 83. His entire collection is housed in the Edgard Leuenroth Archive (AEL), linked to the State University of Campinas (Unicamp), including books, documents, letters and notes.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Octávio Brandão Rego was a Brazilian pharmacist, politician and activist. He was also a militant and theoretician in the Brazilian Communist Party, a movement that influenced a generation of left-wing activists and was responsible for spreading Marxist concepts in Brazil. | 2023-12-12T14:31:06Z | 2023-12-27T05:42:52Z | [
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75,545,285 | 2023–24 FC Goa season | The 2023–24 season is the tenth season in FC Goa's existence, as well as their tenth season in the Indian Super League. It began in April 2023 with the 2023 Durand Cup.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Win Draw Loss
Last updated: 11 December 2023 (2023-12-11). Source: Soccerway | [
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] | The 2023–24 season is the tenth season in FC Goa's existence, as well as their tenth season in the Indian Super League. It began in April 2023 with the 2023 Durand Cup. | 2023-12-12T14:34:40Z | 2023-12-12T16:55:06Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_FC_Goa_season |
75,545,292 | Giovanni Gherardo De Rossi | Giovanni Gherardo De Rossi (1754 - 1827) was an Italian poet and playwright, born in Rome on 12 March 1754. His father was a banker and he himself would become finance minister during the Roman Republic of 1798–1799.
He studied law but devoted much time to arts and literature. On his father's death in 1774 he took over the family finances which had brought it close to ruin. Through his financial acumen he managed to restore the family fortunes, but also had time to pursue his interest in literature, architecture and design.
He joined the Accademia dell'Arcadia in around 1776 and tried unsuccessfully to establish himself as an extemporary poet.
In 1784, together with Onofrio Boni, he embarked on several publishing ventures with the launch of the Giornale delle belle arti e dell'incisione antiquaria, musica e poesia and then Le Memorie per le belle arti. In 1788 he found success as a poet with the publication of seventy poems under the title Favole. Between 1790 and 1798 he published four volumes containing sixteen comedies, republished in 1826.
In 1790, he was appointed director of the Accademia di Portogallo in Rome. From 1792 he turned to biography and published many works on art and theatre. In 1798 he became a member of the Accademia di San Luca.
From 1798 to 1800, he was appointed minister of finance during the Roman Republic proclaimed under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte.
He died in Rome on 27 March 1827 and was buried in the church of San Carlo ai Catinari. | [
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"text": "He died in Rome on 27 March 1827 and was buried in the church of San Carlo ai Catinari.",
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] | Giovanni Gherardo De Rossi was an Italian poet and playwright, born in Rome on 12 March 1754. His father was a banker and he himself would become finance minister during the Roman Republic of 1798–1799. He studied law but devoted much time to arts and literature. On his father's death in 1774 he took over the family finances which had brought it close to ruin. Through his financial acumen he managed to restore the family fortunes, but also had time to pursue his interest in literature, architecture and design. He joined the Accademia dell'Arcadia in around 1776 and tried unsuccessfully to establish himself as an extemporary poet. In 1784, together with Onofrio Boni, he embarked on several publishing ventures with the launch of the Giornale delle belle arti e dell'incisione antiquaria, musica e poesia and then Le Memorie per le belle arti. In 1788 he found success as a poet with the publication of seventy poems under the title Favole. Between 1790 and 1798 he published four volumes containing sixteen comedies, republished in 1826. In 1790, he was appointed director of the Accademia di Portogallo in Rome. From 1792 he turned to biography and published many works on art and theatre. In 1798 he became a member of the Accademia di San Luca. From 1798 to 1800, he was appointed minister of finance during the Roman Republic proclaimed under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. He died in Rome on 27 March 1827 and was buried in the church of San Carlo ai Catinari. | 2023-12-12T14:35:44Z | 2023-12-15T04:37:55Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Gherardo_De_Rossi |
75,545,320 | Vanguards of the Fatherland | The Vanguards of the Fatherland (Spanish: Vanguardias de la Patria) were a group of far-right pseudo-fascist organizations in the Uruguayan Army, ideologically close to the riverist trend.
The movement was born in the context of the militarist opposition to the reformist policies promoted by the Uruguayan welfare state, soon before the 1933 Uruguayan coup d'état. Anti-egalitarian and explicitly opposed to batllism and communism, the movement offered military training for young civilians.
The Vanguards were directly linked to the previous Uruguayan Patriotic Association (Spanish: Asociación Patriótica del Uruguay) and were founded in 1929 under the sponsorship of riverists general Manuel Dubra and colonel Ulises Monegal. The movement used official Army facilities for their activities.
Aside from their training, vanguardists would organize military-styled parades and march using combat uniforms and weapons. The movement numbered nearly 400 members, despite Dubra stated his expectations were to reach 20,000 combatants by 1930.
At the moment of the foundation of the Vanguards, Dubra was serving as minister of War and Navy for the riverist government of Juan Campisteguy. His involvement in the development of a paramilitary organization led to a parliamentary investigation and interpellation, in which he was supported by riverist leader Pedro Manini Ríos.
The name of the Vanguards had been used by previous Uruguayan scouting organizations, despite there was no relationship between both movements. | [
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},
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"text": "Aside from their training, vanguardists would organize military-styled parades and march using combat uniforms and weapons. The movement numbered nearly 400 members, despite Dubra stated his expectations were to reach 20,000 combatants by 1930.",
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},
{
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"text": "At the moment of the foundation of the Vanguards, Dubra was serving as minister of War and Navy for the riverist government of Juan Campisteguy. His involvement in the development of a paramilitary organization led to a parliamentary investigation and interpellation, in which he was supported by riverist leader Pedro Manini Ríos.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The name of the Vanguards had been used by previous Uruguayan scouting organizations, despite there was no relationship between both movements.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Vanguards of the Fatherland were a group of far-right pseudo-fascist organizations in the Uruguayan Army, ideologically close to the riverist trend. The movement was born in the context of the militarist opposition to the reformist policies promoted by the Uruguayan welfare state, soon before the 1933 Uruguayan coup d'état. Anti-egalitarian and explicitly opposed to batllism and communism, the movement offered military training for young civilians. The Vanguards were directly linked to the previous Uruguayan Patriotic Association and were founded in 1929 under the sponsorship of riverists general Manuel Dubra and colonel Ulises Monegal. The movement used official Army facilities for their activities. Aside from their training, vanguardists would organize military-styled parades and march using combat uniforms and weapons. The movement numbered nearly 400 members, despite Dubra stated his expectations were to reach 20,000 combatants by 1930. At the moment of the foundation of the Vanguards, Dubra was serving as minister of War and Navy for the riverist government of Juan Campisteguy. His involvement in the development of a paramilitary organization led to a parliamentary investigation and interpellation, in which he was supported by riverist leader Pedro Manini Ríos. The name of the Vanguards had been used by previous Uruguayan scouting organizations, despite there was no relationship between both movements. | 2023-12-12T14:42:29Z | 2023-12-18T02:54:12Z | [
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75,545,322 | John A. Brown | John A. Brown may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "John A. Brown may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | John A. Brown may refer to: John A. Brown Jr., American murderer executed in Louisiana for the murder of Omer Laughlin
John A. Brown, Oklahoma-based department store chain
John Alf Brown (1881–1936), Welsh international rugby union player
John Appleton Brown (1844–1902), American painter
John Arnesby Brown (1866–1955), English footballer and landscape artist | 2006-03-16T18:23:42Z | 2023-12-12T14:47:28Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A._Brown |
75,545,332 | St. George Orthodox Church | St. George Orthodox Church may refer to the following churches: | [
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
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] | St. George Orthodox Church may refer to the following churches: | 2023-12-12T14:45:45Z | 2023-12-12T16:19:51Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church |
75,545,361 | Mega Coffee | Mega Coffee (메가 커피) is a South Korean coffee company and coffeehouse chain, with 1,593 coffee shops.
The Mega Coffee brand is a famous coffee brands among students as they deliver a quality product in an economical price range.
As of 2021, Mega Coffee had 1,593 branches, double what it had in 2019. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mega Coffee (메가 커피) is a South Korean coffee company and coffeehouse chain, with 1,593 coffee shops.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Mega Coffee brand is a famous coffee brands among students as they deliver a quality product in an economical price range.",
"title": ""
},
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"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "As of 2021, Mega Coffee had 1,593 branches, double what it had in 2019.",
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] | Mega Coffee is a South Korean coffee company and coffeehouse chain, with 1,593 coffee shops. The Mega Coffee brand is a famous coffee brands among students as they deliver a quality product in an economical price range. As of 2021, Mega Coffee had 1,593 branches, double what it had in 2019. | 2023-12-12T14:51:54Z | 2023-12-14T02:11:14Z | [
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75,545,369 | Daphne (Handel) | Daphne or Die Verwandelte Daphne, HWV 4, is an opera composed by Handel at the request of Reinhard Keiser, the manager of the Hamburg Opera. It was first performed (after Handel had left for Italy) at the Theater am Gänsemarkt in January 1708. It was probably directed from the harpsichord by Christoph Graupner.
The opera was the second part of a double opera, with the first part, Florindo, intended to be performed on two evenings in a row.Romain Rolland. The libretto was by Hinrich Hinsch [de], a lawyer, who also wrote the text for Keiser's first opera in Hamburg: Mahumet II (1696), based on the life of Mehmet II. Hinsch had been writing librettos since 1681. He died in 1712.
Only fragments of the score survive, but a copy of the libretto exists in the Library of Congress.
Notes
Sources | [
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"text": "Daphne or Die Verwandelte Daphne, HWV 4, is an opera composed by Handel at the request of Reinhard Keiser, the manager of the Hamburg Opera. It was first performed (after Handel had left for Italy) at the Theater am Gänsemarkt in January 1708. It was probably directed from the harpsichord by Christoph Graupner.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The opera was the second part of a double opera, with the first part, Florindo, intended to be performed on two evenings in a row.Romain Rolland. The libretto was by Hinrich Hinsch [de], a lawyer, who also wrote the text for Keiser's first opera in Hamburg: Mahumet II (1696), based on the life of Mehmet II. Hinsch had been writing librettos since 1681. He died in 1712.",
"title": ""
},
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"title": "References"
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] | Daphne or Die Verwandelte Daphne, HWV 4, is an opera composed by Handel at the request of Reinhard Keiser, the manager of the Hamburg Opera. It was first performed at the Theater am Gänsemarkt in January 1708. It was probably directed from the harpsichord by Christoph Graupner. The opera was the second part of a double opera, with the first part, Florindo, intended to be performed on two evenings in a row.Romain Rolland. The libretto was by Hinrich Hinsch, a lawyer, who also wrote the text for Keiser's first opera in Hamburg: Mahumet II (1696), based on the life of Mehmet II. Hinsch had been writing librettos since 1681. He died in 1712. Only fragments of the score survive, but a copy of the libretto exists in the Library of Congress. | 2023-12-12T14:53:01Z | 2023-12-19T22:07:32Z | [
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75,545,375 | Saeed Alhoei | Saeed Alhoei (Persian: سعید الهویی) born 15 December 1982 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian football coach and former player and currently an Assistant for the Iran national football team.
During the past years, Alhoei was the assistant of Amir Ghalenoei in Sepahan and Gol Gohar Sirjan teams.
Saeed Alhoei started his football career from Esteghlal Naveen youth team in 1999 and then joined Saipa F.C. youth team in 2000. One year participation in Saipa F.C. Omid team and then in 2002,
He joined Tehran's Omid Barq team. In 2002, his professional football career ended due to a knee injury. His playing position is central midfielder.
Saeed Alhoei started coaching in 2009 as the coach of the Tehran resistance team in the second division league of Iran. After 3 seasons in this team, in the second half of the season 2011–2012, He joined Al-Badr Bandar Kong in the second division league and with this team advanced to the Azadegan League. In 2012,
He joined the Iranian Olympic team as a coach and tactical analyst, and worked with this team as an assistant to Homan Afazali and Venlo Vingada in the Under-22 Asian Championship and the Asian Games in Incheon, Korea. At the same time, He worked with this club as the manager of the technical studies group and a member of the technical committee of Saipa F.C. Club.
In the second half of the 2013–2014 season, He joined the Ardabil municipal team in the Azadegan League as a coach and worked with this team until the half of the 2014–2015 season. In the second half of the 2014–2015 season, He joined the Tractor team as a coach and assistant to Amir Ghalenoei, and worked with this team until the 1995–1996 season in the Premier League and the Asian Champions League. It was an elimination from the results of this team. In the 2017–2018 season, He worked as an assistant to Amir Ghalenoei in Zob Ahan Esfahan Club in the Premier League and the Asian Champions League, which resulted in the team being runner-up in the Premier League and advancing to the final 16 teams of the Asian Champions League. In the 2018–2019 season, He joined the Sepahan team and became the runner-up in the Iranian Premier League with this team. He renewed his contract with the Sepahan team in the 2020–2021 season and again works with this team as an assistant to Amir Ghalenoei. In the season of 2020–2021, he joined the Gol Gohar Sirjan club as the first assistant of Amir Ghalenoei. He was his assistant in the season 2021-2022 and was chosen as his replacement in the 21st week with the departure of Ghalenoei.
Saeed Alhoei was born on 15 December 1982 in Hashemi neighborhood of Tehran. His family origin is Taleghani. Saeed Alhoei is a PhD student in the field of sports physiology. He has also obtained the A degree of Asian coaching and the A2 degree of Asian bodybuilding. | [
{
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"text": "He joined Tehran's Omid Barq team. In 2002, his professional football career ended due to a knee injury. His playing position is central midfielder.",
"title": "Club career"
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{
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"text": "Saeed Alhoei started coaching in 2009 as the coach of the Tehran resistance team in the second division league of Iran. After 3 seasons in this team, in the second half of the season 2011–2012, He joined Al-Badr Bandar Kong in the second division league and with this team advanced to the Azadegan League. In 2012,",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "He joined the Iranian Olympic team as a coach and tactical analyst, and worked with this team as an assistant to Homan Afazali and Venlo Vingada in the Under-22 Asian Championship and the Asian Games in Incheon, Korea. At the same time, He worked with this club as the manager of the technical studies group and a member of the technical committee of Saipa F.C. Club.",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In the second half of the 2013–2014 season, He joined the Ardabil municipal team in the Azadegan League as a coach and worked with this team until the half of the 2014–2015 season. In the second half of the 2014–2015 season, He joined the Tractor team as a coach and assistant to Amir Ghalenoei, and worked with this team until the 1995–1996 season in the Premier League and the Asian Champions League. It was an elimination from the results of this team. In the 2017–2018 season, He worked as an assistant to Amir Ghalenoei in Zob Ahan Esfahan Club in the Premier League and the Asian Champions League, which resulted in the team being runner-up in the Premier League and advancing to the final 16 teams of the Asian Champions League. In the 2018–2019 season, He joined the Sepahan team and became the runner-up in the Iranian Premier League with this team. He renewed his contract with the Sepahan team in the 2020–2021 season and again works with this team as an assistant to Amir Ghalenoei. In the season of 2020–2021, he joined the Gol Gohar Sirjan club as the first assistant of Amir Ghalenoei. He was his assistant in the season 2021-2022 and was chosen as his replacement in the 21st week with the departure of Ghalenoei.",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
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"text": "Saeed Alhoei was born on 15 December 1982 in Hashemi neighborhood of Tehran. His family origin is Taleghani. Saeed Alhoei is a PhD student in the field of sports physiology. He has also obtained the A degree of Asian coaching and the A2 degree of Asian bodybuilding.",
"title": "personal life"
}
] | Saeed Alhoei born 15 December 1982 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian football coach and former player and currently an Assistant for the Iran national football team. During the past years, Alhoei was the assistant of Amir Ghalenoei in Sepahan and Gol Gohar Sirjan teams. | 2023-12-12T14:53:56Z | 2023-12-31T05:39:52Z | [
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75,545,384 | 2024 in Niger | This article lists events from the year 2024 in Niger.
Source: | [
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"text": "This article lists events from the year 2024 in Niger.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"title": "Holidays"
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] | This article lists events from the year 2024 in Niger. | 2023-12-12T14:55:04Z | 2023-12-12T16:41:20Z | [
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75,545,389 | Patrick Crijns | P.P. (Patrick) Crijns (born 27 July 1984) is a Dutch politician. Since 6 December 2023, he has been a member of the House of Representatives, representing the PVV.
Crijns was born in Heerlen in 1984. He worked as a security engineer before entering politics. He became active in politics after bringing a petition to the House of Representatives in 2016 calling for a Nexit referendum on Dutch membership of the European Union which was tabled in parliament by the PVV. He has also been a member of the municipal council of Landgraaf since March 2022, which he will be until 15 December 2023. | [
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"title": ""
},
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"text": "Crijns was born in Heerlen in 1984. He worked as a security engineer before entering politics. He became active in politics after bringing a petition to the House of Representatives in 2016 calling for a Nexit referendum on Dutch membership of the European Union which was tabled in parliament by the PVV. He has also been a member of the municipal council of Landgraaf since March 2022, which he will be until 15 December 2023.",
"title": ""
}
] | P.P. (Patrick) Crijns is a Dutch politician. Since 6 December 2023, he has been a member of the House of Representatives, representing the PVV. Crijns was born in Heerlen in 1984. He worked as a security engineer before entering politics. He became active in politics after bringing a petition to the House of Representatives in 2016 calling for a Nexit referendum on Dutch membership of the European Union which was tabled in parliament by the PVV. He has also been a member of the municipal council of Landgraaf since March 2022, which he will be until 15 December 2023. | 2023-12-12T14:55:54Z | 2023-12-24T16:13:00Z | [
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75,545,394 | Out There (Jimmie Vaughan album) | Out There is the second solo album by the American musician Jimmie Vaughan, released in 1998. Vaughan supported the album with a North American tour. Out There peaked at No. 5 on Billboard's Blues Albums chart.
Produced by Vaughan and John Hampton, most of the album was recorded at Ardent Studios. Dr. John sang on "Lost in You". "Motor Head Baby" is a cover of the Johnny "Guitar" Watson song. "Like a King" was written and produced by Nile Rodgers, who also played rhythm guitar on it. "Positively Meant to Be" is a tribute to Vaughan's wife. "The Ironic Twist" is an instrumental.
Texas Monthly noted that, "riding on a slinky Texas-to-California blues axis, the album has plenty of space to breathe yet contains some of Jimmie's finest soloing." The Austin American-Statesman deemed Out There "a groove album, mixing good parts of Booker T. and the M.G.'s, B.B. King, Bill Doggett and the Swan Silvertones with Vaughan's love for deep-fried blues." The Province admired the "classy picking and sly singing." The Ottawa Citizen concluded that the "minimalist approach has led to a lot of misunderstandings in the past, but Vaughan's fiery, precise work on Out There should help overcome these misconceptions." The Indianapolis Star praised "the gospel/doo-wop underbelly of the wonderfully languid 'Astral Projection Blues'."
AllMusic called the album "a familiar blend of Texas blues and roadhouse blues-rock." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Out There is the second solo album by the American musician Jimmie Vaughan, released in 1998. Vaughan supported the album with a North American tour. Out There peaked at No. 5 on Billboard's Blues Albums chart.",
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},
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"text": "Produced by Vaughan and John Hampton, most of the album was recorded at Ardent Studios. Dr. John sang on \"Lost in You\". \"Motor Head Baby\" is a cover of the Johnny \"Guitar\" Watson song. \"Like a King\" was written and produced by Nile Rodgers, who also played rhythm guitar on it. \"Positively Meant to Be\" is a tribute to Vaughan's wife. \"The Ironic Twist\" is an instrumental.",
"title": "Production"
},
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"text": "Texas Monthly noted that, \"riding on a slinky Texas-to-California blues axis, the album has plenty of space to breathe yet contains some of Jimmie's finest soloing.\" The Austin American-Statesman deemed Out There \"a groove album, mixing good parts of Booker T. and the M.G.'s, B.B. King, Bill Doggett and the Swan Silvertones with Vaughan's love for deep-fried blues.\" The Province admired the \"classy picking and sly singing.\" The Ottawa Citizen concluded that the \"minimalist approach has led to a lot of misunderstandings in the past, but Vaughan's fiery, precise work on Out There should help overcome these misconceptions.\" The Indianapolis Star praised \"the gospel/doo-wop underbelly of the wonderfully languid 'Astral Projection Blues'.\"",
"title": "Critical reception"
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"text": "AllMusic called the album \"a familiar blend of Texas blues and roadhouse blues-rock.\"",
"title": "Critical reception"
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] | Out There is the second solo album by the American musician Jimmie Vaughan, released in 1998. Vaughan supported the album with a North American tour. Out There peaked at No. 5 on Billboard's Blues Albums chart. | 2023-12-12T14:56:33Z | 2023-12-12T15:32:31Z | [
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75,545,398 | List of places of worship in Tangerang | This list consists of several houses of worship in Greater Tangerang, Indonesia.
Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary Catholic Church | [
{
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"text": "This list consists of several houses of worship in Greater Tangerang, Indonesia.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary Catholic Church",
"title": "Christian"
}
] | This list consists of several houses of worship in Greater Tangerang, Indonesia. | 2023-12-12T14:57:33Z | 2023-12-31T21:57:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_Tangerang |
75,545,405 | 1979 York City Council election | The 1979 York City Council election took place on 3 May 1979 to elect members of York City Council in North Yorkshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. | [
{
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"text": "The 1979 York City Council election took place on 3 May 1979 to elect members of York City Council in North Yorkshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections.",
"title": ""
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] | The 1979 York City Council election took place on 3 May 1979 to elect members of York City Council in North Yorkshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. | 2023-12-12T14:59:58Z | 2023-12-13T17:29:25Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_York_City_Council_election |
75,545,408 | Gabriel (footballer, born 2003) | Gabriel Knesowitsch (born 18 October 2003), simply known as Gabriel, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender for Londrina.
Born in Guarapuava, Paraná, Gabriel joined Londrina's youth setup from FC Cascavel. He made his first team debut on 26 February 2022, coming on as a first-half substitute for injured Léo Assunpção in a 2–1 Campeonato Paranaense away loss to Rio Branco-PR.
Gabriel made his Série B debut on 28 October 2022, starting in a 2–0 home loss to Ituano. Definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2023 season, he established himself as a regular starter, and scored his first professional goal on 20 May of that year, netting the opener in a 2–0 away win over Tombense.
On 9 October 2023, Gabriel renewed his contract with LEC until 2027. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gabriel Knesowitsch (born 18 October 2003), simply known as Gabriel, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender for Londrina.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Guarapuava, Paraná, Gabriel joined Londrina's youth setup from FC Cascavel. He made his first team debut on 26 February 2022, coming on as a first-half substitute for injured Léo Assunpção in a 2–1 Campeonato Paranaense away loss to Rio Branco-PR.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Gabriel made his Série B debut on 28 October 2022, starting in a 2–0 home loss to Ituano. Definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2023 season, he established himself as a regular starter, and scored his first professional goal on 20 May of that year, netting the opener in a 2–0 away win over Tombense.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 9 October 2023, Gabriel renewed his contract with LEC until 2027.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Gabriel Knesowitsch, simply known as Gabriel, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender for Londrina. | 2023-12-12T15:00:15Z | 2023-12-21T21:02:08Z | [
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75,545,415 | Terence S. Dermody | Terence S. Dermody, MD is the Vira I. Heinz Distinguished Professor and Chair of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, where he teaches microbiology and molecular genetics. He is also the Physician-in-Chief and Scientific Director at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Dermody studies fundamental mechanisms of the virus life cycle, particularly in reoviruses, to better understand the propagation of viruses, causes of disease, and possibilities for vaccine development. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Dermody earned his B.S. degree from Cornell University (1978) and his M.D. degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (1982). Dermody completed an internal medicine residency at Presbyterian Hospital in New York (1982-1984), followed by fellowships in infectious diseases and molecular virology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital(1985-1986) and Harvard Medical School (1986-1988).
In 1990, Dermody joined Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, where he was the Dorothy Overall Wells Professor of Pediatrics. He was appointed director of the Medical Scientist Training Program in 2003, and director of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases in 2008. He also served as Adjunct Professor of Biomedical Sciences at Meharry Medical College.
In 2016, Dermody became the Chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Physician-in-Chief and Scientific Director at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh.
Dermody has served as president of the American Society for Virology (2010–2011), and as chair of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (2016). He is a member of the American Society for Microbiology, and serves on its Board of Governors.
Dermody was an associate editor of the Annual Review of Virology when it was founded in 2014, and became the lead editor in 2023.
Dermody studies fundamental mechanisms of the virus life cycle to better understand the propagation of viruses and the cause of disease. By understanding how viruses behave, he hopes to find ways to fight them and develop new vaccines. Dermody’s lab examines inter-related issues relating to the structures involved in viral attachment and cell entry, the mechanisms of genome replication, cell signaling, gene expression and apoptosis as they relate to viral infection, and the role of viral receptors in disease.
Dermody studies reoviruses, including the genera rotavirus, which frequently causes illness in children. Reovirus is an experimental model for the occurrence of viral encephalitis in infants. An important question is how a virus can get through the receptors on a cell's surface to enter a host cell. As of 2011, Dermody identified the protein kinase Src as a mediator of reovirus cell entry. Inhibition of Src kinase blocked a step in the virus life cycle and decreased the infectivity of the reovirus.
In 2017, a collaboration between Bana Jabri and others at the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center and Dermody's group suggested that reovirus infection may sometimes trigger the immune system to respond to gluten in a way that later leads to celiac disease.
In 2018, Dermody's group described ways in which a virus can repurpose a host cell's protein to assemble new viruses. The research suggested that reoviruses hijack a specialized protein-folding chaperone protein in cells called TRiC, using it to fold a protein that is part of the outer coat of the virus to enable the virus to exit the cell. Disrupting the TRiC mechanism kept the virus from forming an outer coat and leaving the cell, breaking the virus' replication cycle.
Dermody also studies Chikungunya virus, a potentially deadly mosquito-borne infection which is spreading to new areas because of changes in climate. | [
{
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"text": "Terence S. Dermody, MD is the Vira I. Heinz Distinguished Professor and Chair of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, where he teaches microbiology and molecular genetics. He is also the Physician-in-Chief and Scientific Director at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Dermody studies fundamental mechanisms of the virus life cycle, particularly in reoviruses, to better understand the propagation of viruses, causes of disease, and possibilities for vaccine development. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.",
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"text": "In 2016, Dermody became the Chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Physician-in-Chief and Scientific Director at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh.",
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"title": "Career"
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"text": "Dermody studies fundamental mechanisms of the virus life cycle to better understand the propagation of viruses and the cause of disease. By understanding how viruses behave, he hopes to find ways to fight them and develop new vaccines. Dermody’s lab examines inter-related issues relating to the structures involved in viral attachment and cell entry, the mechanisms of genome replication, cell signaling, gene expression and apoptosis as they relate to viral infection, and the role of viral receptors in disease.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Dermody studies reoviruses, including the genera rotavirus, which frequently causes illness in children. Reovirus is an experimental model for the occurrence of viral encephalitis in infants. An important question is how a virus can get through the receptors on a cell's surface to enter a host cell. As of 2011, Dermody identified the protein kinase Src as a mediator of reovirus cell entry. Inhibition of Src kinase blocked a step in the virus life cycle and decreased the infectivity of the reovirus.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 2017, a collaboration between Bana Jabri and others at the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center and Dermody's group suggested that reovirus infection may sometimes trigger the immune system to respond to gluten in a way that later leads to celiac disease.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 2018, Dermody's group described ways in which a virus can repurpose a host cell's protein to assemble new viruses. The research suggested that reoviruses hijack a specialized protein-folding chaperone protein in cells called TRiC, using it to fold a protein that is part of the outer coat of the virus to enable the virus to exit the cell. Disrupting the TRiC mechanism kept the virus from forming an outer coat and leaving the cell, breaking the virus' replication cycle.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Dermody also studies Chikungunya virus, a potentially deadly mosquito-borne infection which is spreading to new areas because of changes in climate.",
"title": "Research"
}
] | Terence S. Dermody, MD is the Vira I. Heinz Distinguished Professor and Chair of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, where he teaches microbiology and molecular genetics. He is also the Physician-in-Chief and Scientific Director at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Dermody studies fundamental mechanisms of the virus life cycle, particularly in reoviruses, to better understand the propagation of viruses, causes of disease, and possibilities for vaccine development. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. | 2023-12-12T15:02:47Z | 2023-12-16T00:43:43Z | [
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75,545,416 | 2026 European Men's Handball Championship bidding process | The 2026 European Men's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2026 European Men's Handball Championship. The winners were Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
The bidding timeline was as follows:
On 11 May 2021 it was announced that the following nations sent in an official expression of interest:
On 20 October, the final bids were presented. The Switzerland bid was withdrawn, leaving the Scandinavian bid unopposed.
The Scandinavians decided to all bid for an EHF Euro together for the first time ever, under the slogan Scandinavia Connect. Their bids' aim is to use innovation and modern-day technologies to help Handball have a bright future.
The Swedish Handball Federation president, Frederik Rapp, stated “the commitment to finding sustainable solutions across all industries and areas of life is very clear in all of Scandinavia. To connect the Scandinavian approach and experience in sustainability with European handball is so valuable. Finding more sustainable solutions for future events could be a real game-changer for the future of our sport”.
While the Danish counterpart, Per Bertelsen said “We believe we can build on the positive momentum we see in our sport. Together, we can deliver a world-class event that will be a true celebration for European handball”.
The main round would be held in Malmö and either Copenhagen or Herning. The final weekend would be in the Jyske Bank Boxen in Herning. Every other venue will host preliminary round matches.
These are the following 9 venues included in the Scandinavian bid:
Denmark
Norway
Sweden
Venue that is no longer part of the bid:
Before joining up with Spain and Portugal, Switzerland submitted a solo bid, under the slogan New heights For Handball. The preliminary round would be in Basel, Lausanne and Zurich, while the main round groups would be in Lausanne and Zurich. The final weekend would be held in Geneva. The Swiss' solo bid ended since Switzerland joined the Spain and Portugal bid for 2028.
The 5 venues that were proposed for Switzerland's bid are the following:
In August 2020, France and Switzerland first stated an interest to applied to be the hosts of the 2026 and 2028 European Men's Handball Championship. While later, in October 2020, the French Handball Federation officially announced their intent to submit a joint bid with Switzerland. However, the bid quietly failed to materialise and Switzerland applied as a solo bid.
As early as the 29 October 2018, Belarus and Poland considered bidding together. Then, on 19 February 2019, information was learnt stating that a joint bid from Belarus, Lithuania and Poland was in the works. On 18 September 2019, president of the Belarusian federation, Vladimir Konoplev, stated that he would try and get support from the post-Soviet countries, Lithuania would lobby for the Scandinavian countries' support, and Poland would receive Central Europe's support. Their bid was included in the list of nations that were interested in bidding. However, their bid deteriorated due to tensions between Belarus and the others two countries and their bid was not included as an official candidate for the 2026 EHF Euro.
Other countries
The following country stated an interest to the EHF, but they never made a formal bid and very few details were shared about their application:
As only the Scandinavian bid remained it was unanimously selected at the 14th EHF Extraordinary Congress on 20 November 2021. | [
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"text": "The 2026 European Men's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2026 European Men's Handball Championship. The winners were Denmark, Norway and Sweden.",
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},
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"title": "Bidding timeline"
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"text": "On 20 October, the final bids were presented. The Switzerland bid was withdrawn, leaving the Scandinavian bid unopposed.",
"title": "Bids"
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"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Scandinavians decided to all bid for an EHF Euro together for the first time ever, under the slogan Scandinavia Connect. Their bids' aim is to use innovation and modern-day technologies to help Handball have a bright future.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Swedish Handball Federation president, Frederik Rapp, stated “the commitment to finding sustainable solutions across all industries and areas of life is very clear in all of Scandinavia. To connect the Scandinavian approach and experience in sustainability with European handball is so valuable. Finding more sustainable solutions for future events could be a real game-changer for the future of our sport”.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "While the Danish counterpart, Per Bertelsen said “We believe we can build on the positive momentum we see in our sport. Together, we can deliver a world-class event that will be a true celebration for European handball”.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The main round would be held in Malmö and either Copenhagen or Herning. The final weekend would be in the Jyske Bank Boxen in Herning. Every other venue will host preliminary round matches.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "These are the following 9 venues included in the Scandinavian bid:",
"title": "Bids"
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{
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"text": "Denmark",
"title": "Bids"
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"title": "Bids"
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"text": "Sweden",
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"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Venue that is no longer part of the bid:",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Before joining up with Spain and Portugal, Switzerland submitted a solo bid, under the slogan New heights For Handball. The preliminary round would be in Basel, Lausanne and Zurich, while the main round groups would be in Lausanne and Zurich. The final weekend would be held in Geneva. The Swiss' solo bid ended since Switzerland joined the Spain and Portugal bid for 2028.",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The 5 venues that were proposed for Switzerland's bid are the following:",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In August 2020, France and Switzerland first stated an interest to applied to be the hosts of the 2026 and 2028 European Men's Handball Championship. While later, in October 2020, the French Handball Federation officially announced their intent to submit a joint bid with Switzerland. However, the bid quietly failed to materialise and Switzerland applied as a solo bid.",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "As early as the 29 October 2018, Belarus and Poland considered bidding together. Then, on 19 February 2019, information was learnt stating that a joint bid from Belarus, Lithuania and Poland was in the works. On 18 September 2019, president of the Belarusian federation, Vladimir Konoplev, stated that he would try and get support from the post-Soviet countries, Lithuania would lobby for the Scandinavian countries' support, and Poland would receive Central Europe's support. Their bid was included in the list of nations that were interested in bidding. However, their bid deteriorated due to tensions between Belarus and the others two countries and their bid was not included as an official candidate for the 2026 EHF Euro.",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Other countries",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "The following country stated an interest to the EHF, but they never made a formal bid and very few details were shared about their application:",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "As only the Scandinavian bid remained it was unanimously selected at the 14th EHF Extraordinary Congress on 20 November 2021.",
"title": "Host selection"
}
] | The 2026 European Men's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2026 European Men's Handball Championship. The winners were Denmark, Norway and Sweden. | 2023-12-12T15:02:51Z | 2023-12-27T22:32:08Z | [
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75,545,426 | Musa Awards | The Musa Awards (Spanish: Premios Awards) are awards presented by Ibero Americana Radio Chile, a subsidiary of the Spanish group PRISA to recognize "the best musical releases" in the music industry in Chile.
The Musa Awards had their origin in an innitiative led by Ibero Americana Radio Chile and its ten national radio stations in Chile. They were created to honor the "best of Chilean and international music within the year."
The statuette was designed by the Chilean artist Norton Maza, inspired by the muses in ancient Greek culture.
Currently, there are fourteen categories along with a special award for lifetime achievement. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Musa Awards (Spanish: Premios Awards) are awards presented by Ibero Americana Radio Chile, a subsidiary of the Spanish group PRISA to recognize \"the best musical releases\" in the music industry in Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Musa Awards had their origin in an innitiative led by Ibero Americana Radio Chile and its ten national radio stations in Chile. They were created to honor the \"best of Chilean and international music within the year.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
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"text": "The statuette was designed by the Chilean artist Norton Maza, inspired by the muses in ancient Greek culture.",
"title": "History"
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"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Currently, there are fourteen categories along with a special award for lifetime achievement.",
"title": "Categories"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "Ceremonies"
}
] | The Musa Awards are awards presented by Ibero Americana Radio Chile, a subsidiary of the Spanish group PRISA to recognize "the best musical releases" in the music industry in Chile. | 2023-12-12T15:05:19Z | 2023-12-15T11:24:35Z | [
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75,545,431 | Klimontów, Sosnowiec | Klimontów [kliˈmɔntuf] is a district of Sosnowiec, Poland, located in the central part of the city. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Klimontów [kliˈmɔntuf] is a district of Sosnowiec, Poland, located in the central part of the city.",
"title": ""
}
] | Klimontów is a district of Sosnowiec, Poland, located in the central part of the city. | 2023-12-12T15:06:26Z | 2023-12-12T15:14:47Z | [
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75,545,447 | John Claro | John Claro Fernandes (born Joao Claro Fernandes; 5 December 1930), known professionally as John Claro, is an Indian writer, theatre director, playwright, and actor. Throughout his extensive career, he has made crucial contributions to the development and advancement of Goan tiatr. His noted research on the history of tiatr led to the discovery that the inaugural tiatr production, titled Italian Bhurgo, took place on 17 April 1892, at the New Alfred Theatre in Bombay (now Mumbai), presently occupied by the Police Commissioner headquarters.
John Claro Fernandes, born as Joao Claro Fernandes on 5 December 1930, in Cotombi, Quepem, Goa, which was part of Portuguese India during the Portuguese Empire (now part of India). He was the son of Jose Custodio Fernandes and Epifania Rebello, and had a younger brother named Agostinho, who was a writer and cardiologist based in Portugal until his death on 28 June 2015, aged 82.
During his school years, Fernandes developed a deep appreciation for theater and local art, actively engaging in annual social gatherings. After completing his primary education, he embarked on his professional acting career in Roque Afonso's tiatr production, Eke Oklek Teg Novre (One Girlfriend Three Boyfriends). Fernandes played the role of one of the bridegrooms, alongside Kamat de Assolna and Saluzinho, while Lucas Fernandes assumed the character of the bride.
Fernandes's path intersected with that of M. Boyer, as both resided in close proximity in Maddel Pequem, Margao. Due to a scarcity of educational institutions in Goa at the time, Fernandes relocated to Bombay (now Mumbai) to pursue further education and employment opportunities.
On 25 December 1953, Fernandes made his debut as a playwright with his first tiatr production titled Camil Bottler. Simultaneously, he stepped into the role of an actor for the first time. Directed by Souza Ferrao, the play featured cast including Master Vaz, C. Alvares, Effie Fernandes, Andrew, Anthony de Sa, Anthony Mendes, and other notable artists from Mumbai. The initial staging took place at Princess Theatre, Bangwadi in Kalbadevi, a renowned venue that served as a testing ground for tiatrists (transl. tiatr perfomers) in Mumbai. The audience's favorable response led to subsequent performances. Due to the play's success, it was later staged at Cowasji Jehangir Hall to support a specific church section. Valerian Gracias, the first cardinal of Mumbai, attended one of these performances.
Fernandes continued to contribute to the tiatr tradition with his subsequent play, Rinnkari Zanvoi, which also found success in Mumbai. Throughout his career, Fernandes has written and staged a total of 15 tiatrs, each showcasing his versatility as an artist. Some of his works include Nirmiloli Sun, Gupit Karann (Secret Reason), Ghorabeachi Durdoxea, Utrachi Mudi, Purtugez Kolvont (Portuguese Bitch), 23 Vorsam (23 Years), Konkani Advogad (Konkani Advocate), Inglez Madam (English Madam), Tambddi Mati (Red Soil), Rostadak Ostad, Vinglli Nachpinn (Naked Dancer), Civil Kazar (Civil Marriage), and American Dollar.
After his return to Goa following the Liberation, Fernandes embarked on his second tiatr production, titled Rinnkari Zanvoi, catering to the local tiatr enthusiasts. While his first tiatr, Camil Bottler, was also staged in Goa, its run was limited to just two shows due to Souza Ferrao's leading role. However, Fernandes achieved acclaim among tiatr aficionados with his production Purtugez Kolvont, which swiftly reached the milestone of one hundred performances. This tiatr also found success outside of Goa, completing a double century of shows. The limited availability of auditoriums during that era posed challenges for staging tiatrs on a regular basis, a fact acknowledged by Fernandes himself.
The success story of his hundredth tiatr can be traced back to its origins. Fernandes shares that the script for this tiatr was conceived in Portugal, Inspired by a fado performance he witnessed in Algarve, a tourist hub. The tiatr commenced with a fado piece and featured a plethora of entertainment, with a particular focus on comedy. The comedic elements were crafted specifically for Paul Romy, while the main role was tailored with Ophelia in mind, although her participation did not materialize. Instead, Sabina, despite appearing slightly mature for the role, delivered a creditable performance.
Fernandes concluded his career in tiatrs with his final production, titled American Dollar. Throughout his journey, he fondly remembers the support he received from Antonio Fernandes, the late proprietor of Herald Publications, and later from Antonio's son, Raul Fernandes. Even if it meant making late-night trips to the office, they always cooperated in publishing tiatr advertisements. Fernandes's contributions extended beyond tiatr, as he established himself as a prolific writer whose works appeared in esteemed publications such as Goa Times, Sot Uloi, Goan Express, New Goa, Goycho Avaz, Gulab, The Goan Review, The Navhind Times, O Heraldo, and Gomantak Times.
When reflecting on the evolution of tiatr from his era to the present, Fernandes expressed his concern that today's productions lack vision, often resorting to imitation of films and television serials. In stark contrast, the tiatrs of his time were driven purely by a love for the stage and the art form, with little regard for financial considerations. Fernandes emphasizes that the comedy in contemporary tiatrs tends to be vulgar, a far cry from the sophisticated humor exhibited by prominent figures such as Kid Boxer, Anthony Mendes, and Jacinto Vaz. He credits Minguel Rod's ability to understand and cater to the audience's preferences as a key factor in his successful career.
In addition to his accomplishments in the field of tiatr, Fernandes displayed his literary prowess by penning a novel called "Norsicho Mog", six years after Goa's liberation. This work revolves around the story of a mother and was published by Prabhakar Tendulkar. Fernandes's acclaimed tiatr production, Purtugez Kolvont, has also been immortalized in printed form. As of 2015, following a decade-long hiatus from tiatrs, Fernandes has transitioned to running 'Claro Consultancy' in Margao. His consultancy specializes in English/Portuguese translations. Fernandes's sons, Godfrey and Godwin, actively participate in the documentation of Portuguese passports, making it a familial endeavor.
Fernandes married Piedade Afonso, a homemaker from his village of Cotombi, Quepem, on 4 January 1970. The couple had two sons, Godwin and Godfrey.
In 1992–93, Fernandes was bestowed with the esteemed "Goa State Cultural Award" in the field of tiatr, presented by the Directorate of Art and Culture of the Government of Goa.
In December 2011, the Tiatr Academy of Goa bestowed upon Fernandes the "Lifetime Contribution to Tiatr Awards", an achievement in acknowledgment of his outstanding dedication and invaluable contributions to the field. The ceremony took place at Ravindra Bhavan in Margao.
In April 2012, Fernandes was honored for his substantial contributions to Goan tiatr during a felicitation organized by the Maharashtra Konkani Kala Sanstha in Mumbai, with support from the Tiatr Academy of Goa.
In December 2017, Fernandes was bestowed with the "Dalgado Cultural Award" by the Culture and Art Minister at the time, Govind Gaude.
In July 2020, Fernandes was honored with the "GULAB Tiatrist of the Year 2019" award further attesting to his achievements and his contributions to the Tiatr community.
In February 2021, Fernandes was presented with the "Gulab Tiatrist of the Year Puraskar" on Konkani Journalism Day.
In December 2022, Fernandes received a felicitation at the Tiatr Academy of Goa's Lifetime Contribution Awards ceremony.
In February 2023, the Dalgado Konknni Akademi felicitated Fernandes at Ravindra Bhavan in Margao, showcasing his status as a recipient of the "Dalgado Sonskurtik Puraskar".
In September 2023, Fernandes was honored with the one-time Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for playwrighting. He was the sole artist from Goa and one among the 75 artists selected across India by the national academy of music, dance, and drama. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "John Claro Fernandes (born Joao Claro Fernandes; 5 December 1930), known professionally as John Claro, is an Indian writer, theatre director, playwright, and actor. Throughout his extensive career, he has made crucial contributions to the development and advancement of Goan tiatr. His noted research on the history of tiatr led to the discovery that the inaugural tiatr production, titled Italian Bhurgo, took place on 17 April 1892, at the New Alfred Theatre in Bombay (now Mumbai), presently occupied by the Police Commissioner headquarters.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "John Claro Fernandes, born as Joao Claro Fernandes on 5 December 1930, in Cotombi, Quepem, Goa, which was part of Portuguese India during the Portuguese Empire (now part of India). He was the son of Jose Custodio Fernandes and Epifania Rebello, and had a younger brother named Agostinho, who was a writer and cardiologist based in Portugal until his death on 28 June 2015, aged 82.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "During his school years, Fernandes developed a deep appreciation for theater and local art, actively engaging in annual social gatherings. After completing his primary education, he embarked on his professional acting career in Roque Afonso's tiatr production, Eke Oklek Teg Novre (One Girlfriend Three Boyfriends). Fernandes played the role of one of the bridegrooms, alongside Kamat de Assolna and Saluzinho, while Lucas Fernandes assumed the character of the bride.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Fernandes's path intersected with that of M. Boyer, as both resided in close proximity in Maddel Pequem, Margao. Due to a scarcity of educational institutions in Goa at the time, Fernandes relocated to Bombay (now Mumbai) to pursue further education and employment opportunities.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 25 December 1953, Fernandes made his debut as a playwright with his first tiatr production titled Camil Bottler. Simultaneously, he stepped into the role of an actor for the first time. Directed by Souza Ferrao, the play featured cast including Master Vaz, C. Alvares, Effie Fernandes, Andrew, Anthony de Sa, Anthony Mendes, and other notable artists from Mumbai. The initial staging took place at Princess Theatre, Bangwadi in Kalbadevi, a renowned venue that served as a testing ground for tiatrists (transl. tiatr perfomers) in Mumbai. The audience's favorable response led to subsequent performances. Due to the play's success, it was later staged at Cowasji Jehangir Hall to support a specific church section. Valerian Gracias, the first cardinal of Mumbai, attended one of these performances.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Fernandes continued to contribute to the tiatr tradition with his subsequent play, Rinnkari Zanvoi, which also found success in Mumbai. Throughout his career, Fernandes has written and staged a total of 15 tiatrs, each showcasing his versatility as an artist. Some of his works include Nirmiloli Sun, Gupit Karann (Secret Reason), Ghorabeachi Durdoxea, Utrachi Mudi, Purtugez Kolvont (Portuguese Bitch), 23 Vorsam (23 Years), Konkani Advogad (Konkani Advocate), Inglez Madam (English Madam), Tambddi Mati (Red Soil), Rostadak Ostad, Vinglli Nachpinn (Naked Dancer), Civil Kazar (Civil Marriage), and American Dollar.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "After his return to Goa following the Liberation, Fernandes embarked on his second tiatr production, titled Rinnkari Zanvoi, catering to the local tiatr enthusiasts. While his first tiatr, Camil Bottler, was also staged in Goa, its run was limited to just two shows due to Souza Ferrao's leading role. However, Fernandes achieved acclaim among tiatr aficionados with his production Purtugez Kolvont, which swiftly reached the milestone of one hundred performances. This tiatr also found success outside of Goa, completing a double century of shows. The limited availability of auditoriums during that era posed challenges for staging tiatrs on a regular basis, a fact acknowledged by Fernandes himself.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The success story of his hundredth tiatr can be traced back to its origins. Fernandes shares that the script for this tiatr was conceived in Portugal, Inspired by a fado performance he witnessed in Algarve, a tourist hub. The tiatr commenced with a fado piece and featured a plethora of entertainment, with a particular focus on comedy. The comedic elements were crafted specifically for Paul Romy, while the main role was tailored with Ophelia in mind, although her participation did not materialize. Instead, Sabina, despite appearing slightly mature for the role, delivered a creditable performance.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Fernandes concluded his career in tiatrs with his final production, titled American Dollar. Throughout his journey, he fondly remembers the support he received from Antonio Fernandes, the late proprietor of Herald Publications, and later from Antonio's son, Raul Fernandes. Even if it meant making late-night trips to the office, they always cooperated in publishing tiatr advertisements. Fernandes's contributions extended beyond tiatr, as he established himself as a prolific writer whose works appeared in esteemed publications such as Goa Times, Sot Uloi, Goan Express, New Goa, Goycho Avaz, Gulab, The Goan Review, The Navhind Times, O Heraldo, and Gomantak Times.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "When reflecting on the evolution of tiatr from his era to the present, Fernandes expressed his concern that today's productions lack vision, often resorting to imitation of films and television serials. In stark contrast, the tiatrs of his time were driven purely by a love for the stage and the art form, with little regard for financial considerations. Fernandes emphasizes that the comedy in contemporary tiatrs tends to be vulgar, a far cry from the sophisticated humor exhibited by prominent figures such as Kid Boxer, Anthony Mendes, and Jacinto Vaz. He credits Minguel Rod's ability to understand and cater to the audience's preferences as a key factor in his successful career.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In addition to his accomplishments in the field of tiatr, Fernandes displayed his literary prowess by penning a novel called \"Norsicho Mog\", six years after Goa's liberation. This work revolves around the story of a mother and was published by Prabhakar Tendulkar. Fernandes's acclaimed tiatr production, Purtugez Kolvont, has also been immortalized in printed form. As of 2015, following a decade-long hiatus from tiatrs, Fernandes has transitioned to running 'Claro Consultancy' in Margao. His consultancy specializes in English/Portuguese translations. Fernandes's sons, Godfrey and Godwin, actively participate in the documentation of Portuguese passports, making it a familial endeavor.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Fernandes married Piedade Afonso, a homemaker from his village of Cotombi, Quepem, on 4 January 1970. The couple had two sons, Godwin and Godfrey.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In 1992–93, Fernandes was bestowed with the esteemed \"Goa State Cultural Award\" in the field of tiatr, presented by the Directorate of Art and Culture of the Government of Goa.",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "In December 2011, the Tiatr Academy of Goa bestowed upon Fernandes the \"Lifetime Contribution to Tiatr Awards\", an achievement in acknowledgment of his outstanding dedication and invaluable contributions to the field. The ceremony took place at Ravindra Bhavan in Margao.",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In April 2012, Fernandes was honored for his substantial contributions to Goan tiatr during a felicitation organized by the Maharashtra Konkani Kala Sanstha in Mumbai, with support from the Tiatr Academy of Goa.",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In December 2017, Fernandes was bestowed with the \"Dalgado Cultural Award\" by the Culture and Art Minister at the time, Govind Gaude.",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In July 2020, Fernandes was honored with the \"GULAB Tiatrist of the Year 2019\" award further attesting to his achievements and his contributions to the Tiatr community.",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In February 2021, Fernandes was presented with the \"Gulab Tiatrist of the Year Puraskar\" on Konkani Journalism Day.",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "In December 2022, Fernandes received a felicitation at the Tiatr Academy of Goa's Lifetime Contribution Awards ceremony.",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "In February 2023, the Dalgado Konknni Akademi felicitated Fernandes at Ravindra Bhavan in Margao, showcasing his status as a recipient of the \"Dalgado Sonskurtik Puraskar\".",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "In September 2023, Fernandes was honored with the one-time Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for playwrighting. He was the sole artist from Goa and one among the 75 artists selected across India by the national academy of music, dance, and drama.",
"title": "Awards and recognition"
}
] | John Claro Fernandes, known professionally as John Claro, is an Indian writer, theatre director, playwright, and actor. Throughout his extensive career, he has made crucial contributions to the development and advancement of Goan tiatr. His noted research on the history of tiatr led to the discovery that the inaugural tiatr production, titled Italian Bhurgo, took place on 17 April 1892, at the New Alfred Theatre in Bombay, presently occupied by the Police Commissioner headquarters. | 2023-12-12T15:09:14Z | 2023-12-20T13:48:13Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Claro |
75,545,460 | Aisha Bello | Aisha Bello (born 1966 in Maiduguri, Borno State - died 11 December 2023) was a Nigerian media personality and television journalist. She worked as a correspondent for Nigeria Television Authority in her last 15 years. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Aisha Bello (born 1966 in Maiduguri, Borno State - died 11 December 2023) was a Nigerian media personality and television journalist. She worked as a correspondent for Nigeria Television Authority in her last 15 years.",
"title": ""
}
] | Aisha Bello was a Nigerian media personality and television journalist. She worked as a correspondent for Nigeria Television Authority in her last 15 years. | 2023-12-12T15:10:35Z | 2023-12-13T12:19:01Z | [
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisha_Bello |
75,545,464 | Esad Dauti | Esad Dauti (1937 – 2020) was an educationalist, member of parliament, environmentalist and etymologist. He was a co-founder of the Green Movement of Kosovo in 1990 and was three times member of parliament: in the Assembly of Kosovo in 1972, in the Republic of Kosovo in 1996 and in 2001.
As a university professor, he worked from 1974 in the Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences at the university of Prishtina. He was Dean of faculty and head of the general council of the university. His speciality was zoo-ecology and zoo-geography. He had many graduate students and he also lectured in different universities on these subjects.
He went to primary school in Peja and completed his secondary education at the Gymnasium in 1954-55. He studied teaching in Shkup, specialising in biology and chemistry, in 1956, and also taught in a primary school in Liria. After secondary school he had been given a place to study economics in Belgrade but just as he was about to travel there, the police stopped him and took him from the train and told him he was forbidden further studies, but was to teach at a village school in Peja. This was because his father had been declared an enemy of the Yugoslav state. He worked first in the high school in Ferizaj and in 1970-71 as a teacher in a high school in Gjakova where he lectured in zoology. He completed his university degree in 1969 at the university of Skopje in the faculty of natural sciences, specialising in biology. In 1973 he began to lecture at the university of Pristina as an assistant in the area of zoology and zoo-geography.
In 1977 he completed a master’s degree at the university of Zagreb in ecology and animal categorisation; he followed this with a PhD in ecology in 1981 in Zagreb. He later undertook a further speciality as a Fulbright scholar in West Berlin, Vienna and Leipzig, in etymology. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Esad Dauti (1937 – 2020) was an educationalist, member of parliament, environmentalist and etymologist. He was a co-founder of the Green Movement of Kosovo in 1990 and was three times member of parliament: in the Assembly of Kosovo in 1972, in the Republic of Kosovo in 1996 and in 2001.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As a university professor, he worked from 1974 in the Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences at the university of Prishtina. He was Dean of faculty and head of the general council of the university. His speciality was zoo-ecology and zoo-geography. He had many graduate students and he also lectured in different universities on these subjects.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He went to primary school in Peja and completed his secondary education at the Gymnasium in 1954-55. He studied teaching in Shkup, specialising in biology and chemistry, in 1956, and also taught in a primary school in Liria. After secondary school he had been given a place to study economics in Belgrade but just as he was about to travel there, the police stopped him and took him from the train and told him he was forbidden further studies, but was to teach at a village school in Peja. This was because his father had been declared an enemy of the Yugoslav state. He worked first in the high school in Ferizaj and in 1970-71 as a teacher in a high school in Gjakova where he lectured in zoology. He completed his university degree in 1969 at the university of Skopje in the faculty of natural sciences, specialising in biology. In 1973 he began to lecture at the university of Pristina as an assistant in the area of zoology and zoo-geography.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1977 he completed a master’s degree at the university of Zagreb in ecology and animal categorisation; he followed this with a PhD in ecology in 1981 in Zagreb. He later undertook a further speciality as a Fulbright scholar in West Berlin, Vienna and Leipzig, in etymology.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Esad Dauti was an educationalist, member of parliament, environmentalist and etymologist. He was a co-founder of the Green Movement of Kosovo in 1990 and was three times member of parliament: in the Assembly of Kosovo in 1972, in the Republic of Kosovo in 1996 and in 2001. As a university professor, he worked from 1974 in the Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences at the university of Prishtina. He was Dean of faculty and head of the general council of the university. His speciality was zoo-ecology and zoo-geography. He had many graduate students and he also lectured in different universities on these subjects. He went to primary school in Peja and completed his secondary education at the Gymnasium in 1954-55. He studied teaching in Shkup, specialising in biology and chemistry, in 1956, and also taught in a primary school in Liria. After secondary school he had been given a place to study economics in Belgrade but just as he was about to travel there, the police stopped him and took him from the train and told him he was forbidden further studies, but was to teach at a village school in Peja. This was because his father had been declared an enemy of the Yugoslav state. He worked first in the high school in Ferizaj and in 1970-71 as a teacher in a high school in Gjakova where he lectured in zoology. He completed his university degree in 1969 at the university of Skopje in the faculty of natural sciences, specialising in biology. In 1973 he began to lecture at the university of Pristina as an assistant in the area of zoology and zoo-geography. In 1977 he completed a master’s degree at the university of Zagreb in ecology and animal categorisation; he followed this with a PhD in ecology in 1981 in Zagreb. He later undertook a further speciality as a Fulbright scholar in West Berlin, Vienna and Leipzig, in etymology. | 2023-12-12T15:11:48Z | 2023-12-13T13:18:20Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esad_Dauti |
75,545,481 | Firlej, Radom | Firlej [ˈfirlɛi̯] is a district of Radom, Poland, located in the northern part of the city.
It is bordered by the districts of Wincentów in the north, Wólka Klwatecka in the west, Młynek Janiszewski, Jóżefów, Mleczna and Huta Józefowska in the south and Krzewień in the east. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Firlej [ˈfirlɛi̯] is a district of Radom, Poland, located in the northern part of the city.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It is bordered by the districts of Wincentów in the north, Wólka Klwatecka in the west, Młynek Janiszewski, Jóżefów, Mleczna and Huta Józefowska in the south and Krzewień in the east.",
"title": ""
}
] | Firlej is a district of Radom, Poland, located in the northern part of the city. It is bordered by the districts of Wincentów in the north, Wólka Klwatecka in the west, Młynek Janiszewski, Jóżefów, Mleczna and Huta Józefowska in the south and Krzewień in the east. | 2023-12-12T15:14:26Z | 2023-12-12T15:29:42Z | [
"Template:IPAc-pl",
"Template:Cite Polish law"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firlej,_Radom |
75,545,502 | Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation | Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation is an African private non-profit organization founded in December 2021 by Dozy Mmobuosi and Tosin Mmobuosi headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria. The primary stated goals of the foundation are to enhance healthcare, education, entrepreneurship and youth empowerment through technology. Key individuals of the foundation include Dozy Mmobuosi, Tosin Mmobuosi, Christopher Cleverly, Ebuwa Martins Agbonwaneten and John Murphy. The foundation is self-funded by Dozy Mmobuosi and does not accept donations.
The Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation was founded in December 2021 by Nigerian businessman Dozy Mmobuosi and Tosin Mmobuosi, as an extension of his unwavering belief in Africa as a catalysts for Africa's transformation. In September 2022, during the launch of the Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation at the Dorchester Hotel, Dozy Mmobuosi pledged to donate 10% of his total net worth to the foundation.
In July 2022, the Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation launched its flagship Mobile Prostate Cancer Screening Service aimed at providing free mobile prostrate cancer screening throughout the 36 states in Nigeria. The screening exercise was conducted across the 36 states in Nigeria on mobile buses equipped with testing equipment's. The project reportedly had 4000 medical practitioners as volunteers. The project which kicked off in Lagos had in attendance celebrities like Keppy Ekpenyong, Fred Amata, Orits Wiliki, Segun Arinze, Ayo Adesanya, Emeka Ossai, Yemi Blaq and so many others.
In April 2023, The Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation hosted the Dozy Mmobuosi Super Cup Football Tournament also known as Nigeria Federation Cup where the best eight teams from the Nigeria Professional League in the 2022/23 NPFL season participated. The foundation hosted the tournament with a N100million cash prize for the winner of the tournament. Shooting Stars Sports Club (3SC) emerged the winner of the maiden edition of the Super Cup.
In March 2023, Cyclone Freddy hit Malawi leaving thousands homeless. During Dozy Mmobuosi's visit to Malawi in July he pledged to rebuild 100 houses and empower the victims of the Cyclone Freddy with cash to start new businesses worth over $500,000. In December 2023, the project was completed and commissioned by former presidents Bakili Muluzi and Joyce Banda. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation is an African private non-profit organization founded in December 2021 by Dozy Mmobuosi and Tosin Mmobuosi headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria. The primary stated goals of the foundation are to enhance healthcare, education, entrepreneurship and youth empowerment through technology. Key individuals of the foundation include Dozy Mmobuosi, Tosin Mmobuosi, Christopher Cleverly, Ebuwa Martins Agbonwaneten and John Murphy. The foundation is self-funded by Dozy Mmobuosi and does not accept donations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation was founded in December 2021 by Nigerian businessman Dozy Mmobuosi and Tosin Mmobuosi, as an extension of his unwavering belief in Africa as a catalysts for Africa's transformation. In September 2022, during the launch of the Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation at the Dorchester Hotel, Dozy Mmobuosi pledged to donate 10% of his total net worth to the foundation.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In July 2022, the Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation launched its flagship Mobile Prostate Cancer Screening Service aimed at providing free mobile prostrate cancer screening throughout the 36 states in Nigeria. The screening exercise was conducted across the 36 states in Nigeria on mobile buses equipped with testing equipment's. The project reportedly had 4000 medical practitioners as volunteers. The project which kicked off in Lagos had in attendance celebrities like Keppy Ekpenyong, Fred Amata, Orits Wiliki, Segun Arinze, Ayo Adesanya, Emeka Ossai, Yemi Blaq and so many others.",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In April 2023, The Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation hosted the Dozy Mmobuosi Super Cup Football Tournament also known as Nigeria Federation Cup where the best eight teams from the Nigeria Professional League in the 2022/23 NPFL season participated. The foundation hosted the tournament with a N100million cash prize for the winner of the tournament. Shooting Stars Sports Club (3SC) emerged the winner of the maiden edition of the Super Cup.",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In March 2023, Cyclone Freddy hit Malawi leaving thousands homeless. During Dozy Mmobuosi's visit to Malawi in July he pledged to rebuild 100 houses and empower the victims of the Cyclone Freddy with cash to start new businesses worth over $500,000. In December 2023, the project was completed and commissioned by former presidents Bakili Muluzi and Joyce Banda.",
"title": "Activities"
}
] | Dozy Mmobuosi Foundation is an African private non-profit organization founded in December 2021 by Dozy Mmobuosi and Tosin Mmobuosi headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria. The primary stated goals of the foundation are to enhance healthcare, education, entrepreneurship and youth empowerment through technology. Key individuals of the foundation include Dozy Mmobuosi, Tosin Mmobuosi, Christopher Cleverly, Ebuwa Martins Agbonwaneten and John Murphy. The foundation is self-funded by Dozy Mmobuosi and does not accept donations. | 2023-12-12T15:19:30Z | 2024-01-01T00:10:47Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Orphan"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dozy_Mmobuosi_Foundation |
75,545,511 | 2023 ASUN women's soccer tournament | The 2023 ASUN women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the ASUN Conference held from October 26 through November 5, 2023. The tournament was hosted at campus sites, with the #3 and #6 seed hosting the First Round and Quarterfinals while the #1 seed hosted the Semifinals and Final. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of four rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Florida Gulf Coast Eagles were the defending tournament champions. The Eagles successfully defended their tile, defeating North Alabama in a penalty-shoot out in the Final. It was Florida Gulf Coast's eighth overall title. All of the Eagle's titles have come under coach Jim Blankenship. As tournament champions, Florida Gulf Coast earned the ASUN's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament.
The top eight teams in the regular season earned a spot in the tournament. The top seed earned the right to host the Final and Semifinals. The #3 seed and #4 seed hosted a First Round game and a Quarterfinal each. A tiebreaker was required to determine the second and third seeds for the tournament as Central Arkansas and Florida Gulf Coast both finished with a 7–1–3 record and 24 conference points. Central Arkansas was awarded the second seed by virtue of their 2–1 regular season victory over Florida Gulf Coast on September 21. There was a three-way tie for the sixth, seventh, and eight seeds between Kennesaw State, Austin Peay and Queens as all teams finished with 12 conference points. Kennesaw State earned the sixth seed by defeating Queens and drawing with Austin Peay during the regular season. Austin Peay was the seventh seed after drawing with both Queens and Kennesaw State. Queens was the eighth and final seed after losing to Kennessaw State and drawing with Austin Peay during the regular season.
Source:
There were 17 goals scored in 7 matches, for an average of 2.43 goals per match (as of November 5, 2022).
4 goals
2 goals
1 goal
Source:
MVP in bold | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023 ASUN women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the ASUN Conference held from October 26 through November 5, 2023. The tournament was hosted at campus sites, with the #3 and #6 seed hosting the First Round and Quarterfinals while the #1 seed hosted the Semifinals and Final. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of four rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Florida Gulf Coast Eagles were the defending tournament champions. The Eagles successfully defended their tile, defeating North Alabama in a penalty-shoot out in the Final. It was Florida Gulf Coast's eighth overall title. All of the Eagle's titles have come under coach Jim Blankenship. As tournament champions, Florida Gulf Coast earned the ASUN's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The top eight teams in the regular season earned a spot in the tournament. The top seed earned the right to host the Final and Semifinals. The #3 seed and #4 seed hosted a First Round game and a Quarterfinal each. A tiebreaker was required to determine the second and third seeds for the tournament as Central Arkansas and Florida Gulf Coast both finished with a 7–1–3 record and 24 conference points. Central Arkansas was awarded the second seed by virtue of their 2–1 regular season victory over Florida Gulf Coast on September 21. There was a three-way tie for the sixth, seventh, and eight seeds between Kennesaw State, Austin Peay and Queens as all teams finished with 12 conference points. Kennesaw State earned the sixth seed by defeating Queens and drawing with Austin Peay during the regular season. Austin Peay was the seventh seed after drawing with both Queens and Kennesaw State. Queens was the eighth and final seed after losing to Kennessaw State and drawing with Austin Peay during the regular season.",
"title": "Seeding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Bracket"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "There were 17 goals scored in 7 matches, for an average of 2.43 goals per match (as of November 5, 2022).",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "4 goals",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "2 goals",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "1 goal",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "All-Tournament team"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "MVP in bold",
"title": "All-Tournament team"
}
] | The 2023 ASUN women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the ASUN Conference held from October 26 through November 5, 2023. The tournament was hosted at campus sites, with the #3 and #6 seed hosting the First Round and Quarterfinals while the #1 seed hosted the Semifinals and Final. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of four rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Florida Gulf Coast Eagles were the defending tournament champions. The Eagles successfully defended their tile, defeating North Alabama in a penalty-shoot out in the Final. It was Florida Gulf Coast's eighth overall title. All of the Eagle's titles have come under coach Jim Blankenship. As tournament champions, Florida Gulf Coast earned the ASUN's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament. | 2023-12-12T15:22:12Z | 2023-12-15T01:54:45Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_ASUN_women%27s_soccer_tournament |
75,545,520 | Trumpets in the Dawn | Trumpets in the Dawn is a 1949 Australian radio serial by Morris West.
The Brisbane Mail said West "certainly rides the UNESCO and UNO hobby horse to a crawl."
The serial played again in 1953.
According to one account "When Professor Gernlrl Hancock arrives in Tuscany, he finds his house occupied by 50 young lads whom a priest and a young woman have salvaged from the social wreck. He is persuaded to help them in their work of education and rehabilitation." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Trumpets in the Dawn is a 1949 Australian radio serial by Morris West.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Brisbane Mail said West \"certainly rides the UNESCO and UNO hobby horse to a crawl.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The serial played again in 1953.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "According to one account \"When Professor Gernlrl Hancock arrives in Tuscany, he finds his house occupied by 50 young lads whom a priest and a young woman have salvaged from the social wreck. He is persuaded to help them in their work of education and rehabilitation.\"",
"title": "Premise"
}
] | Trumpets in the Dawn is a 1949 Australian radio serial by Morris West. The Brisbane Mail said West "certainly rides the UNESCO and UNO hobby horse to a crawl." The serial played again in 1953. | 2023-12-12T15:23:23Z | 2023-12-14T15:56:25Z | [
"Template:Morris West",
"Template:Infobox radio show",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Citation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpets_in_the_Dawn |
75,545,529 | St Pancras Way | St Pancras Way is a road in Camden Town, London.
It was formerly a toll road named Kings Road, and was the site of the St Pancras Workhouse, which is now the site of St Pancras Hospital. It was renamed to St Pancras Way in 1937.
The Constitution pub is situated at the crossing point of St Pancras Way with Regent's Canal. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "St Pancras Way is a road in Camden Town, London.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It was formerly a toll road named Kings Road, and was the site of the St Pancras Workhouse, which is now the site of St Pancras Hospital. It was renamed to St Pancras Way in 1937.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Constitution pub is situated at the crossing point of St Pancras Way with Regent's Canal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "See also"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "See also"
}
] | St Pancras Way is a road in Camden Town, London. It was formerly a toll road named Kings Road, and was the site of the St Pancras Workhouse, which is now the site of St Pancras Hospital. It was renamed to St Pancras Way in 1937. The Constitution pub is situated at the crossing point of St Pancras Way with Regent's Canal. | 2023-12-12T15:24:20Z | 2023-12-14T07:39:52Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Coord missing",
"Template:London-geo-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Pancras_Way |
75,545,532 | Gothic Revolt of Tribigild | The Gothic Revolt of Tribigild was a revolt in 399-400 of the Goths in Anatolia (Eastern Roman Empire) that caused a major political crisis during the reign of Emperor Arcadius (395-408). The uprising was led by Tribigild, leader of a unit of Goths within the Roman army. Initially, the uprising only took place in Anatolia, but after the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Roman army Gainas intervened and sided with the Goths, it became a threat to the unity within the Eastern empire.
The Anatolian Goths originally lived north of the Danube. In 386 they fled the rule of the Huns and ended up in the Roman Empire under the leadership of Odotheus. After conflicts with the Roman army in which Odotheus was killed, the Goths were subjugated and transferred to the region of Phrygia in Anatolia. Some served in the army, others were put to work on the fields as laborers. The Romans made extensive use of the Goths for military services. As foederati, they had the same status as their fellow citizens who stayed in Moesia under Alaric a few years earlier. In Nakoleia (Anatolia), Tribigild, with the rank of comes or count, led a department of mounted Goths who were centrally stationed here to guard the military roads through the region.
According to current historians, the same situation arose in Anatolia as with the Goths who had fought alongside Emperor Theodosius in the Battle of the Frigidus in 394. Gothic militias under Eutropius had successfully fought the Huns and Crimean Goths in 397/8. but felt their role in the victory was not sufficiently rewarded. It is believed that this caused the Goths in Anatolia to revolt.
In addition, according to surviving contemporary history, prior to the rebellion there was a power struggle between Gainas, who was of Gothic descent, and the influential imperial counselor Eutropius, who could exert the most influence on the young emperor Arcadius.
The rebellion of the Anatolian Goths broke out in 399 and Tribigild soon emerged as the leader of the revolt. In the first days of their uprising they were very successful. The sources emphasize that the Goths conquered cities, this is confirmed by the account of Zosimus: "So it happened that Tribigildus, without anyone opposing him, conquered every city and killed all the inhabitants and soldiers" (5.15.2). Zosimus places special emphasis on the fact that the Goths under Tribigild killed both civilians and soldiers when they conquered a city, a point poetically reiterated by Claudian: "The barbarian burst into those cities that were so peaceful, so easy to capture There was no hope of safety, no chance of escape. Long and peaceful centuries had brought the crumbling stones from their battlements. This shows that the Goths of Tribigild knew from experience how to besiege cities. They had gained this experience during military campaigns of the Roman army.
The revolt spread throughout Asia Minor as a growing number of dissatisfied peasants and slaves joined in addition to the Goths. In what followed, Phrygia, Lydia, Pamphylia and Pisidia were sacked and an imperial army sent by Eutropius and led by Leo was defeated. Tribigild was held up alone at Pamphylia, where he had to traverse roads completely unsuitable for his mounted cavalry.
After Leo's defeat, a new army stationed in Thrace was ordered to advance to Phrygia to quell the rebellion. This army was commanded by Gainas, but made little move against Tribigild. The reason for this was that Gainas used the uprising to achieve his own political agenda. At the beginning of the rebellion, Gaines was still the subordinate party at court, his position vis-à-vis Eutropius was extremely weak, but as the Tribigild rebellion developed and the imperial army that had to put an end to the rebellion was completely defeated, his influence increased. Eutropius ended up sidetracked and Emperor Arcadius elevated Gainas to his commander-in-chief.
According to Zosimus, Gainas did not immediately take action. He accused him of delaying in an attempt to undermine the central government or to give Tribigild more time to do greater damage. However, this plot is not mentioned by either Claudianus or Philostorgius, contemporaries of Zosimus, and it seems that these allegations by Zosimus, a few generations later, were aimed at degrading the character of Gainas and putting him in a bad light. In contrast, it seems more logical that Gainas, who first found himself in a privileged imperial position after a failed attempt by Eutropius to put down the rebellion, refrained from attacking Tribigild on the basis of a calculated plan. He advised Arcadius to negotiate with Tribigild and insisted that Eutropius be removed first.
When Tribigild's Goths reached Chalcedon on the opposite side of Constantinople, Gainas managed to convince him to join his coup. With the support of Tribigild, Gainas had a considerable army (mostly Goths) and now seized power. Together they entered Constantinople and expelled Aurelianus, another rival with influence over Arcadius. With the capital in his hands, Gainas had become supreme and had Eutropius executed. Using his power, he also ordered the emperor to renounce the services of Alaric and to cede the province of Pannonia to the West. This administrative change caused Alaric to lose his military rank of general and the right to legal benefits for his men. Gainas hoped to lose a dangerous opponent to the western empire.
Not long afterwards, Gainas lost control of events in the capital Constantinople. Out of dissatisfaction with his actions and partly at the initiative of the Patriarch of Constantinople John Chrysostom, the people revolted on July 12, 400. The unpopular barbarian garrison fled. Gainas and Tribigild managed to leave Constantinople alive, but several thousand Goths, including many women and children who lived in the city as part of the Eastern Roman military establishment, were massacred.
Arcadius then ordered the Gothic general Fravitta to lead an army against Gainas. In what follows, depicted on the Column of Arcadiuss, Fravitta defeated Gainas and Tribigild in a naval battle in the Sea of Marmara. The defeated Goths disembarked at Thessalonica and then suffered another defeat in Thrace, in which Tribigild was killed and Gainas managed to flee across the Danube. However, his freedom was short-lived, as he was now in Hun territory. These captured him, after which Gainas was killed by Uldin who sent his head to Arcadius as a diplomatic gift.
The Anatolian Goths no longer played a significant role after their demise. The Goths who stayed in Pannonia under Alaric, on the other hand, now turned their attention to the west. Due to Gainas's coup, they had been sidetracked and were now excluded from politics in Constantinople. They soon lost all hope of a new agreement with the emperor. To try to break the impasse, Alaric took his people to Italy in the fall of 401 and over the next twelve months attempted to make a deal with Stilicho, the effective commander of the western army. His arrival eventually led to the Gothic War of 402–403. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Gothic Revolt of Tribigild was a revolt in 399-400 of the Goths in Anatolia (Eastern Roman Empire) that caused a major political crisis during the reign of Emperor Arcadius (395-408). The uprising was led by Tribigild, leader of a unit of Goths within the Roman army. Initially, the uprising only took place in Anatolia, but after the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Roman army Gainas intervened and sided with the Goths, it became a threat to the unity within the Eastern empire.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Anatolian Goths originally lived north of the Danube. In 386 they fled the rule of the Huns and ended up in the Roman Empire under the leadership of Odotheus. After conflicts with the Roman army in which Odotheus was killed, the Goths were subjugated and transferred to the region of Phrygia in Anatolia. Some served in the army, others were put to work on the fields as laborers. The Romans made extensive use of the Goths for military services. As foederati, they had the same status as their fellow citizens who stayed in Moesia under Alaric a few years earlier. In Nakoleia (Anatolia), Tribigild, with the rank of comes or count, led a department of mounted Goths who were centrally stationed here to guard the military roads through the region.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "According to current historians, the same situation arose in Anatolia as with the Goths who had fought alongside Emperor Theodosius in the Battle of the Frigidus in 394. Gothic militias under Eutropius had successfully fought the Huns and Crimean Goths in 397/8. but felt their role in the victory was not sufficiently rewarded. It is believed that this caused the Goths in Anatolia to revolt.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In addition, according to surviving contemporary history, prior to the rebellion there was a power struggle between Gainas, who was of Gothic descent, and the influential imperial counselor Eutropius, who could exert the most influence on the young emperor Arcadius.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The rebellion of the Anatolian Goths broke out in 399 and Tribigild soon emerged as the leader of the revolt. In the first days of their uprising they were very successful. The sources emphasize that the Goths conquered cities, this is confirmed by the account of Zosimus: \"So it happened that Tribigildus, without anyone opposing him, conquered every city and killed all the inhabitants and soldiers\" (5.15.2). Zosimus places special emphasis on the fact that the Goths under Tribigild killed both civilians and soldiers when they conquered a city, a point poetically reiterated by Claudian: \"The barbarian burst into those cities that were so peaceful, so easy to capture There was no hope of safety, no chance of escape. Long and peaceful centuries had brought the crumbling stones from their battlements. This shows that the Goths of Tribigild knew from experience how to besiege cities. They had gained this experience during military campaigns of the Roman army.",
"title": "Revolt"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The revolt spread throughout Asia Minor as a growing number of dissatisfied peasants and slaves joined in addition to the Goths. In what followed, Phrygia, Lydia, Pamphylia and Pisidia were sacked and an imperial army sent by Eutropius and led by Leo was defeated. Tribigild was held up alone at Pamphylia, where he had to traverse roads completely unsuitable for his mounted cavalry.",
"title": "Revolt"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "After Leo's defeat, a new army stationed in Thrace was ordered to advance to Phrygia to quell the rebellion. This army was commanded by Gainas, but made little move against Tribigild. The reason for this was that Gainas used the uprising to achieve his own political agenda. At the beginning of the rebellion, Gaines was still the subordinate party at court, his position vis-à-vis Eutropius was extremely weak, but as the Tribigild rebellion developed and the imperial army that had to put an end to the rebellion was completely defeated, his influence increased. Eutropius ended up sidetracked and Emperor Arcadius elevated Gainas to his commander-in-chief.",
"title": "Revolt"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "According to Zosimus, Gainas did not immediately take action. He accused him of delaying in an attempt to undermine the central government or to give Tribigild more time to do greater damage. However, this plot is not mentioned by either Claudianus or Philostorgius, contemporaries of Zosimus, and it seems that these allegations by Zosimus, a few generations later, were aimed at degrading the character of Gainas and putting him in a bad light. In contrast, it seems more logical that Gainas, who first found himself in a privileged imperial position after a failed attempt by Eutropius to put down the rebellion, refrained from attacking Tribigild on the basis of a calculated plan. He advised Arcadius to negotiate with Tribigild and insisted that Eutropius be removed first.",
"title": "Revolt"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "When Tribigild's Goths reached Chalcedon on the opposite side of Constantinople, Gainas managed to convince him to join his coup. With the support of Tribigild, Gainas had a considerable army (mostly Goths) and now seized power. Together they entered Constantinople and expelled Aurelianus, another rival with influence over Arcadius. With the capital in his hands, Gainas had become supreme and had Eutropius executed. Using his power, he also ordered the emperor to renounce the services of Alaric and to cede the province of Pannonia to the West. This administrative change caused Alaric to lose his military rank of general and the right to legal benefits for his men. Gainas hoped to lose a dangerous opponent to the western empire.",
"title": "Revolt"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Not long afterwards, Gainas lost control of events in the capital Constantinople. Out of dissatisfaction with his actions and partly at the initiative of the Patriarch of Constantinople John Chrysostom, the people revolted on July 12, 400. The unpopular barbarian garrison fled. Gainas and Tribigild managed to leave Constantinople alive, but several thousand Goths, including many women and children who lived in the city as part of the Eastern Roman military establishment, were massacred.",
"title": "Revolt"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Arcadius then ordered the Gothic general Fravitta to lead an army against Gainas. In what follows, depicted on the Column of Arcadiuss, Fravitta defeated Gainas and Tribigild in a naval battle in the Sea of Marmara. The defeated Goths disembarked at Thessalonica and then suffered another defeat in Thrace, in which Tribigild was killed and Gainas managed to flee across the Danube. However, his freedom was short-lived, as he was now in Hun territory. These captured him, after which Gainas was killed by Uldin who sent his head to Arcadius as a diplomatic gift.",
"title": "Revolt"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The Anatolian Goths no longer played a significant role after their demise. The Goths who stayed in Pannonia under Alaric, on the other hand, now turned their attention to the west. Due to Gainas's coup, they had been sidetracked and were now excluded from politics in Constantinople. They soon lost all hope of a new agreement with the emperor. To try to break the impasse, Alaric took his people to Italy in the fall of 401 and over the next twelve months attempted to make a deal with Stilicho, the effective commander of the western army. His arrival eventually led to the Gothic War of 402–403.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | The Gothic Revolt of Tribigild was a revolt in 399-400 of the Goths in Anatolia that caused a major political crisis during the reign of Emperor Arcadius (395-408). The uprising was led by Tribigild, leader of a unit of Goths within the Roman army. Initially, the uprising only took place in Anatolia, but after the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Roman army Gainas intervened and sided with the Goths, it became a threat to the unity within the Eastern empire. | 2023-12-12T15:24:47Z | 2023-12-24T10:41:26Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Aut"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revolt_of_Tribigild |
75,545,550 | Lola Mewu | Oyinlola Odumewu, better known as Lola Mewu, is a Nigerian artist. She became popular for her attempt to beat the longest painting marathon for 82 hours.
Lola started digital art in 2015 after graduating with a Law degree from the University of Lagos.
Lola started her attempt to break the world record for the longest painting marathon by 6:30 pm on October 28, 2023. After making several artwork and pieces which would be eventually auctioned, she reached 72 hours by 7pm on October 31, 2023. She reached 82 hours by extending her marathon to 4:30 am on Wednesday, November 1, 2023.
The previous record of 60 hours set by Belgian-Canadian artist Roland Palmaerts in 2013. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Oyinlola Odumewu, better known as Lola Mewu, is a Nigerian artist. She became popular for her attempt to beat the longest painting marathon for 82 hours.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lola started digital art in 2015 after graduating with a Law degree from the University of Lagos.",
"title": "Early life and background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lola started her attempt to break the world record for the longest painting marathon by 6:30 pm on October 28, 2023. After making several artwork and pieces which would be eventually auctioned, she reached 72 hours by 7pm on October 31, 2023. She reached 82 hours by extending her marathon to 4:30 am on Wednesday, November 1, 2023.",
"title": "Guinness World Record attempt"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The previous record of 60 hours set by Belgian-Canadian artist Roland Palmaerts in 2013.",
"title": "Guinness World Record attempt"
}
] | Oyinlola Odumewu, better known as Lola Mewu, is a Nigerian artist. She became popular for her attempt to beat the longest painting marathon for 82 hours. | 2023-12-12T15:26:35Z | 2023-12-13T11:07:15Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola_Mewu |
75,545,555 | Carbon Independent School District | Carbon Independent School District was a public school district based in the community of Carbon, Texas.
The Texas Education Agency found "several deficiencies" in the school system, including poor performance in the TEAMS, teachers teaching additional classes they were not qualified to teach, enrollment numbers stagnating, and one-third of Carbon students already being enrolled in school elsewhere.
In the spring of 1990, votes to retain all grades or send students to either the Eastland or Gorman school districts failed before the school board reached a compromise to allow students choice to attend either district. Students through the sixth grade attended Carbon schools until the end of the school year. The district began to bus students grades 7 to 12 out to Gorman ISD and Eastland ISD.
The district was annexed to Eastland ISD on July 1, 1990 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Carbon Independent School District was a public school district based in the community of Carbon, Texas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Texas Education Agency found \"several deficiencies\" in the school system, including poor performance in the TEAMS, teachers teaching additional classes they were not qualified to teach, enrollment numbers stagnating, and one-third of Carbon students already being enrolled in school elsewhere.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the spring of 1990, votes to retain all grades or send students to either the Eastland or Gorman school districts failed before the school board reached a compromise to allow students choice to attend either district. Students through the sixth grade attended Carbon schools until the end of the school year. The district began to bus students grades 7 to 12 out to Gorman ISD and Eastland ISD.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The district was annexed to Eastland ISD on July 1, 1990",
"title": ""
}
] | Carbon Independent School District was a public school district based in the community of Carbon, Texas. The Texas Education Agency found "several deficiencies" in the school system, including poor performance in the TEAMS, teachers teaching additional classes they were not qualified to teach, enrollment numbers stagnating, and one-third of Carbon students already being enrolled in school elsewhere. In the spring of 1990, votes to retain all grades or send students to either the Eastland or Gorman school districts failed before the school board reached a compromise to allow students choice to attend either district. Students through the sixth grade attended Carbon schools until the end of the school year. The district began to bus students grades 7 to 12 out to Gorman ISD and Eastland ISD. The district was annexed to Eastland ISD on July 1, 1990 | 2023-12-12T15:27:32Z | 2023-12-12T17:20:47Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Independent_School_District |
75,545,585 | Moin ul Haque | Moin-ul-Haq is a Pakistani diplomat who has served in various high-profile positions, including as Pakistan’s Ambassador to France, High Commissioner to India, and Ambassador to China.
He joined the Foreign Service of Pakistan in 1987.
Prior to his appointment as High Commissioner to India, Moin-ul-Haq served as Pakistan's Ambassador to France.
In 2019, Moin-ul-Haq was appointed as Pakistan's High Commissioner to India.
Moin-ul-Haq also served as Pakistan's ambassador to China where he assumed charge in August 2020. He completed his term after retiring. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Moin-ul-Haq is a Pakistani diplomat who has served in various high-profile positions, including as Pakistan’s Ambassador to France, High Commissioner to India, and Ambassador to China.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He joined the Foreign Service of Pakistan in 1987.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Prior to his appointment as High Commissioner to India, Moin-ul-Haq served as Pakistan's Ambassador to France.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2019, Moin-ul-Haq was appointed as Pakistan's High Commissioner to India.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Moin-ul-Haq also served as Pakistan's ambassador to China where he assumed charge in August 2020. He completed his term after retiring.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Moin-ul-Haq is a Pakistani diplomat who has served in various high-profile positions, including as Pakistan’s Ambassador to France, High Commissioner to India, and Ambassador to China. | 2023-12-12T15:33:37Z | 2023-12-17T21:53:15Z | [
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moin_ul_Haque |
75,545,592 | Rafael Haller | Rafael Germán Haller Piloni (born 17 August 2000) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a right back for Danubio.
Born in Montevideo, Haller joined Danubio's youth setup at the age of 13. Promoted to the first team ahead of the 2021 season, he made his senior debut on 2 June of that year, starting in a 0–0 Segunda División away draw against Central Español.
Haller scored his first senior goal on 29 July 2021, netting the winner in a 1–0 home success over Rocha, and was a regular starter as the club achieved promotion to the Primera División. He made his top tier debut on 8 February 2022, starting in a 1–0 away win over Cerrito.
Haller scored his first goal in the top tier of Uruguayan football on 5 June 2022, netting the opener in a 2–1 home win over Nacional. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Rafael Germán Haller Piloni (born 17 August 2000) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a right back for Danubio.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Montevideo, Haller joined Danubio's youth setup at the age of 13. Promoted to the first team ahead of the 2021 season, he made his senior debut on 2 June of that year, starting in a 0–0 Segunda División away draw against Central Español.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Haller scored his first senior goal on 29 July 2021, netting the winner in a 1–0 home success over Rocha, and was a regular starter as the club achieved promotion to the Primera División. He made his top tier debut on 8 February 2022, starting in a 1–0 away win over Cerrito.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Haller scored his first goal in the top tier of Uruguayan football on 5 June 2022, netting the opener in a 2–1 home win over Nacional.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Rafael Germán Haller Piloni is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a right back for Danubio. | 2023-12-12T15:35:06Z | 2023-12-12T15:35:06Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Haller |
75,545,598 | John S. Van Winkle | John S. Van Winkle (March 8, 1829 – October 28, 1888) was an American attorney and politician who served as Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1866 to 1867. He served as a member of the Kentucky General Assembly in 1861.
John S. Van Winkle was born on March 8, 1829, in Wayne County, Kentucky, to Micajah Van Winkle and Mary Phillips. He received his early education in Monticello, Kentucky. At age eighteen, he found work as a salesman in a store. He attended law school at the University of Louisville. Van Winkle married Mary Buster on January 21, 1858, the couple had no children. After Mary's death, he married Louise Dillon, they had 7 children.
In 1854, Van Winkle was admitted to the Kentucky bar, and began practice as a lawyer in Wayne County. In 1861, he was elected a member of the Kentucky General Assembly. In 1863, he moved to Danville, Kentucky.
On May 24, 1866, Van Winkle was appointed Secretary of State of Kentucky by Governor Thomas E. Bramlette, to fill the unexpired term of his brother Ephraim L. Van Winkle. After he left office, he resumed his work as a lawyer in Danville.
Van Winkle died on October 28, 1888, at the age of 59, in Boyle County, Kentucky. He was interred at Bellevue Cemetery in Danville, Kentucky. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "John S. Van Winkle (March 8, 1829 – October 28, 1888) was an American attorney and politician who served as Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1866 to 1867. He served as a member of the Kentucky General Assembly in 1861.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "John S. Van Winkle was born on March 8, 1829, in Wayne County, Kentucky, to Micajah Van Winkle and Mary Phillips. He received his early education in Monticello, Kentucky. At age eighteen, he found work as a salesman in a store. He attended law school at the University of Louisville. Van Winkle married Mary Buster on January 21, 1858, the couple had no children. After Mary's death, he married Louise Dillon, they had 7 children.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1854, Van Winkle was admitted to the Kentucky bar, and began practice as a lawyer in Wayne County. In 1861, he was elected a member of the Kentucky General Assembly. In 1863, he moved to Danville, Kentucky.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On May 24, 1866, Van Winkle was appointed Secretary of State of Kentucky by Governor Thomas E. Bramlette, to fill the unexpired term of his brother Ephraim L. Van Winkle. After he left office, he resumed his work as a lawyer in Danville.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Van Winkle died on October 28, 1888, at the age of 59, in Boyle County, Kentucky. He was interred at Bellevue Cemetery in Danville, Kentucky.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | John S. Van Winkle was an American attorney and politician who served as Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1866 to 1867. He served as a member of the Kentucky General Assembly in 1861. | 2023-12-12T15:35:47Z | 2023-12-17T00:42:43Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_S._Van_Winkle |
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