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75,493,497 | Arjan Singh Nalwa | Arjan Singh Nalwa (died 1848) was the youngest of Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa's four sons. Following his father's demise, Maharaja Ranjit Singh designated him as a member of various committees along with leading Sardars of the Lahore Durbar. He was a member of Nau Nihal Singh's entourage when the Army of the Indus encamped in Peshawar before its departure to Kabul in the First Anglo-Afghan War.
Arjan Singh was employed in the Sikh army as a commander of the cavalry. Following Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death, Arjun Singh served under Maharaja Kharak Singh. He accompanied Jean-Baptiste Ventura at the Sikh conquest of Mandi and Kamlagarh in 1840. Arjun Singh continued to serve with distinction during Maharaja Sher Singh's reign. On the return of troops and chieftains from Kabul to Lahore, Arjun Singh was the recipient of a robe of honour by the Maharaja.
As the East India Company prepared to annex the Sikh Empire, the agent for the Governor-general at the northwest frontier of the Indian subcontinent submitted the strength and disposition of the Khalsaji, the Sikh army, on 1 October 1843. ‘Sardar Arjoon Singh Nulwa’ was a commandant stationed in Lahore at the head of 700 infantry and 100 cavalrymen, with 25 swivels. In 1843, after the murder of Maharaja Sher Singh, Arjun Singh Nalwa refused to cooperate with the traitors and took refuge in Bhai Vir Singh's gurdwara in Naurangabad near Tarn Taran.
At the time of the second Anglo-Sikh War, Arjan Singh fought in defence of his country despite knowing that the commander-in-chief of the Sikh army had turned traitor. He crossed the river Jehlum, accompanied by 2000-3000 horsemen and foot soldiers, collecting large sums of money along the banks of the river Chenab, after which he proceeded towards Gujrat.
After the Sikh defeat in the Battle of Gujrat, Arjan Singh openly defied the treacherous leaders of the Sikhs in Lahore and locked himself in his fortified house in Gujranwala. When the detachment sent by the durbar to bring Arjan Singh to Lahore was unsuccessful, Brigadier Campbell sent troops with a squadron of Skinner’s Horse to capture him, but he escaped. The wall of Hari Singh Nalwa’s fort in Gujranwala, which surrounded the house, was destroyed, and all the property found therein was confiscated. Following annexation, the British officer appointed to make the settlement of land tax in Punjab, sent a report of Arjan Singh’s valiant defence in Gujranwala.
Arjan Singh Nalwa was the focus of the song Arjan Vailly from the film Animal by Sandeep Reddy Vanga | [
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"text": "Arjan Singh was employed in the Sikh army as a commander of the cavalry. Following Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death, Arjun Singh served under Maharaja Kharak Singh. He accompanied Jean-Baptiste Ventura at the Sikh conquest of Mandi and Kamlagarh in 1840. Arjun Singh continued to serve with distinction during Maharaja Sher Singh's reign. On the return of troops and chieftains from Kabul to Lahore, Arjun Singh was the recipient of a robe of honour by the Maharaja.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "As the East India Company prepared to annex the Sikh Empire, the agent for the Governor-general at the northwest frontier of the Indian subcontinent submitted the strength and disposition of the Khalsaji, the Sikh army, on 1 October 1843. ‘Sardar Arjoon Singh Nulwa’ was a commandant stationed in Lahore at the head of 700 infantry and 100 cavalrymen, with 25 swivels. In 1843, after the murder of Maharaja Sher Singh, Arjun Singh Nalwa refused to cooperate with the traitors and took refuge in Bhai Vir Singh's gurdwara in Naurangabad near Tarn Taran.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "At the time of the second Anglo-Sikh War, Arjan Singh fought in defence of his country despite knowing that the commander-in-chief of the Sikh army had turned traitor. He crossed the river Jehlum, accompanied by 2000-3000 horsemen and foot soldiers, collecting large sums of money along the banks of the river Chenab, after which he proceeded towards Gujrat.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "After the Sikh defeat in the Battle of Gujrat, Arjan Singh openly defied the treacherous leaders of the Sikhs in Lahore and locked himself in his fortified house in Gujranwala. When the detachment sent by the durbar to bring Arjan Singh to Lahore was unsuccessful, Brigadier Campbell sent troops with a squadron of Skinner’s Horse to capture him, but he escaped. The wall of Hari Singh Nalwa’s fort in Gujranwala, which surrounded the house, was destroyed, and all the property found therein was confiscated. Following annexation, the British officer appointed to make the settlement of land tax in Punjab, sent a report of Arjan Singh’s valiant defence in Gujranwala.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Arjan Singh Nalwa was the focus of the song Arjan Vailly from the film Animal by Sandeep Reddy Vanga",
"title": "Popular Culture"
}
] | Arjan Singh Nalwa was the youngest of Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa's four sons. Following his father's demise, Maharaja Ranjit Singh designated him as a member of various committees along with leading Sardars of the Lahore Durbar. He was a member of Nau Nihal Singh's entourage when the Army of the Indus encamped in Peshawar before its departure to Kabul in the First Anglo-Afghan War. Arjan Singh was employed in the Sikh army as a commander of the cavalry. Following Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death, Arjun Singh served under Maharaja Kharak Singh. He accompanied Jean-Baptiste Ventura at the Sikh conquest of Mandi and Kamlagarh in 1840. Arjun Singh continued to serve with distinction during Maharaja Sher Singh's reign. On the return of troops and chieftains from Kabul to Lahore, Arjun Singh was the recipient of a robe of honour by the Maharaja. As the East India Company prepared to annex the Sikh Empire, the agent for the Governor-general at the northwest frontier of the Indian subcontinent submitted the strength and disposition of the Khalsaji, the Sikh army, on 1 October 1843. ‘Sardar Arjoon Singh Nulwa’ was a commandant stationed in Lahore at the head of 700 infantry and 100 cavalrymen, with 25 swivels. In 1843, after the murder of Maharaja Sher Singh, Arjun Singh Nalwa refused to cooperate with the traitors and took refuge in Bhai Vir Singh's gurdwara in Naurangabad near Tarn Taran. At the time of the second Anglo-Sikh War, Arjan Singh fought in defence of his country despite knowing that the commander-in-chief of the Sikh army had turned traitor. He crossed the river Jehlum, accompanied by 2000-3000 horsemen and foot soldiers, collecting large sums of money along the banks of the river Chenab, after which he proceeded towards Gujrat. After the Sikh defeat in the Battle of Gujrat, Arjan Singh openly defied the treacherous leaders of the Sikhs in Lahore and locked himself in his fortified house in Gujranwala. When the detachment sent by the durbar to bring Arjan Singh to Lahore was unsuccessful, Brigadier Campbell sent troops with a squadron of Skinner’s Horse to capture him, but he escaped. The wall of Hari Singh Nalwa’s fort in Gujranwala, which surrounded the house, was destroyed, and all the property found therein was confiscated. Following annexation, the British officer appointed to make the settlement of land tax in Punjab, sent a report of Arjan Singh’s valiant defence in Gujranwala. | 2023-12-05T22:41:54Z | 2023-12-20T09:14:33Z | [
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75,493,616 | Oenothera kunthiana | Oenothera kunthiana, Kunth's evening primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae. It is native to southern Texas, Mexico, Central America, and Hispaniola, and it has been introduced to Hawaii. It is an annual reaching 40 cm (16 in). | [
{
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"text": "Oenothera kunthiana, Kunth's evening primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae. It is native to southern Texas, Mexico, Central America, and Hispaniola, and it has been introduced to Hawaii. It is an annual reaching 40 cm (16 in).",
"title": ""
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] | Oenothera kunthiana, Kunth's evening primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae. It is native to southern Texas, Mexico, Central America, and Hispaniola, and it has been introduced to Hawaii. It is an annual reaching 40 cm (16 in). | 2023-12-05T22:44:03Z | 2023-12-05T22:44:03Z | [
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75,493,633 | Shixia Liu | Shixia Liu (Chinese: 刘世霞, born 1974) is a Chinese computer scientist whose research involves information visualization, visual methods in text mining, and the use of visual analytics in explainable artificial intelligence. She is a professor in the Tsinghua University School of Software.
Liu studied mathematics at Harbin Institute of Technology, earning a bachelor's degree in 1996 and a master's degree in 1998. She completed a Ph.D. in computer science and technology at Tsinghua University in 2002.
She was a researcher for IBM's IBM China Research Lab from 2002 until 2010, and for Microsoft Research Asia from 2010 until 2014. In 2014, she returned to Tsinghua University as an associate professor; she was given tenure in 2018, and promoted to full professor in 2021.
Liu was named to the IEEE Visualization Academy in 2020, and elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2021 "for contributions to visual text analysis and visual model analysis". She was a 2022 recipient of the Technical Achievement Award of the IEEE Visualization and Graphics Technical Community. | [
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"text": "Shixia Liu (Chinese: 刘世霞, born 1974) is a Chinese computer scientist whose research involves information visualization, visual methods in text mining, and the use of visual analytics in explainable artificial intelligence. She is a professor in the Tsinghua University School of Software.",
"title": ""
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"text": "Liu studied mathematics at Harbin Institute of Technology, earning a bachelor's degree in 1996 and a master's degree in 1998. She completed a Ph.D. in computer science and technology at Tsinghua University in 2002.",
"title": "Education and career"
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"text": "She was a researcher for IBM's IBM China Research Lab from 2002 until 2010, and for Microsoft Research Asia from 2010 until 2014. In 2014, she returned to Tsinghua University as an associate professor; she was given tenure in 2018, and promoted to full professor in 2021.",
"title": "Education and career"
},
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"text": "Liu was named to the IEEE Visualization Academy in 2020, and elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2021 \"for contributions to visual text analysis and visual model analysis\". She was a 2022 recipient of the Technical Achievement Award of the IEEE Visualization and Graphics Technical Community.",
"title": "Recognition"
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] | Shixia Liu is a Chinese computer scientist whose research involves information visualization, visual methods in text mining, and the use of visual analytics in explainable artificial intelligence. She is a professor in the Tsinghua University School of Software. | 2023-12-05T22:46:12Z | 2023-12-06T02:58:43Z | [
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75,493,636 | Gasocrine system | The gasocrine system is a messenger system in an organism based on gasotransmitters that are released by cells and act at a distant cell either directly or in metabolized forms.
An example of gasocrine signal is Nitric oxide (NO). NO overexpression in mice heart leads to significant increases in NO metabolites: nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosothiols in distant tissues and mediates cytoprotection.. NO can be generated enzymatically or from NO reservoirs such as nitrite. | [
{
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"text": "The gasocrine system is a messenger system in an organism based on gasotransmitters that are released by cells and act at a distant cell either directly or in metabolized forms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "An example of gasocrine signal is Nitric oxide (NO). NO overexpression in mice heart leads to significant increases in NO metabolites: nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosothiols in distant tissues and mediates cytoprotection.. NO can be generated enzymatically or from NO reservoirs such as nitrite.",
"title": "Examples"
}
] | The gasocrine system is a messenger system in an organism based on gasotransmitters that are released by cells and act at a distant cell either directly or in metabolized forms. | 2023-12-05T22:46:45Z | 2023-12-08T13:02:31Z | [
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75,493,640 | Fabio Lozano Torrijos | Fabio Lozano Torrijos (Santa Ana; January 20, 1865–1947) was a Colombian lawyer, politician, soldier, diplomat, businessman, writer and chronicler.
He was a member of the Colombian Liberal Party. He was the leader of his party in Tolima, and a diplomat at the service of several Colombian governments, the most relevant being in Peru, where he was one of the signatories of the Salomón-Lozano Treaty (1922), also serving in Mexico and the United States. His descendants stood out in politics as part of Colombian liberalism. | [
{
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"text": "Fabio Lozano Torrijos (Santa Ana; January 20, 1865–1947) was a Colombian lawyer, politician, soldier, diplomat, businessman, writer and chronicler.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He was a member of the Colombian Liberal Party. He was the leader of his party in Tolima, and a diplomat at the service of several Colombian governments, the most relevant being in Peru, where he was one of the signatories of the Salomón-Lozano Treaty (1922), also serving in Mexico and the United States. His descendants stood out in politics as part of Colombian liberalism.",
"title": ""
}
] | Fabio Lozano Torrijos was a Colombian lawyer, politician, soldier, diplomat, businessman, writer and chronicler. He was a member of the Colombian Liberal Party. He was the leader of his party in Tolima, and a diplomat at the service of several Colombian governments, the most relevant being in Peru, where he was one of the signatories of the Salomón-Lozano Treaty (1922), also serving in Mexico and the United States. His descendants stood out in politics as part of Colombian liberalism. | 2023-12-05T22:47:20Z | 2023-12-08T04:18:28Z | [
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75,493,641 | 16p11.2 deletion syndrome | 16p11.2 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 16. Most affected individuals experience global developmental delay and intellectual disability, as well as childhood-onset obesity. 16p11.2 deletion is estimated to account for approximately 1% of autism spectrum disorder cases.
The most commonly observed features of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome are global developmental delay and psychiatric or behavioral issues, though severity varies significantly. Most affected individuals do not have intellectual disability defined as IQ below 70, but many have learning disabilities. The average IQ of individuals with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome is approximately 2 standard deviations below that of family members without the deletion. Many have language disorders and motor speech disorders including dysarthria and apraxia.
Half of affected individuals have at least one psychiatric or behavioral diagnosis. Approximately 30% of individuals are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Approximately 20-25% of individuals are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and nearly all share some behavioral traits with ASD.
Up to 25% of affected individuals experience seizures. The most common type is tonic-clonic seizure; complex focal seizures and absence seizures are also reported. Many individuals may exhibit EEG, CT, or MRI abnormalities. Hyporeflexia, gait abnormalities, and truncal or symmetric limb hypotonia were observed in at least 15% of individuals in a cohort of 136 16p11.2 deletion carriers. Sensorineural or conductive hearing loss and paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis are observed in some individuals.
16p11.2 deletion syndrome strongly predisposes individuals to increased body mass index (BMI) and obesity beginning in childhood. BMI in individuals with the syndrome is significantly higher than that in the general population by age 5, and 50% of carriers are obese by age 7. By adulthood, 75% of individuals are obese. Affected individuals report hyperphagia due to sensory and social cues or boredom. Obesity and related comorbidities such as insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes comprise the majority of medical challenges for adults with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome.
Macrocephaly is slightly more prevalent in 16p11.2 deletion syndrome compared to the general population. Approximately one-third of individuals have a sacral dimple or café au lait spots. Vertebral anomalies associated with scoliosis are also observed. 16p11.2 deletion has been associated with a 13.9-fold increased risk of neuroblastoma.
16p11.2 deletion syndrome is caused by a heterozygous microdeletion of ~600 kilobases between the recurrent breakpoint regions BP4 and BP5 on the short arm of chromosome 16. Genes in the BP4-BP5 region include the following:
Nearby regions on chromosome 16 may also be affected. Notably, deletion of SH2B1 is associated with obesity and may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity observed in the syndrome.
16p11.2 deletion typically occurs by de novo mutation. Approximately 7% of affected individuals inherit the mutation from a parent in an autosomal dominant fashion. Parents carrying the deletion often have no history of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder. Prevalence of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome was initially estimated to be 3 in 10,000 in the general population, though more recent estimates have increased to 1 in 2,000.
Management of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome is highly variable and based on an individual's specific symptoms or deficits. Interventions may include special education, psychiatric treatment, standard epilepsy treatment, audiology assessment, physical and occupational therapy for gross/fine motor skills, and regular monitoring of congenital anomalies or defects. Due to increased risk of obesity associated with the syndrome, psychiatric medications associated with weight gain are not recommended. Social work involvement and community support can also benefit affected individuals and caregivers. | [
{
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"text": "16p11.2 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 16. Most affected individuals experience global developmental delay and intellectual disability, as well as childhood-onset obesity. 16p11.2 deletion is estimated to account for approximately 1% of autism spectrum disorder cases.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The most commonly observed features of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome are global developmental delay and psychiatric or behavioral issues, though severity varies significantly. Most affected individuals do not have intellectual disability defined as IQ below 70, but many have learning disabilities. The average IQ of individuals with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome is approximately 2 standard deviations below that of family members without the deletion. Many have language disorders and motor speech disorders including dysarthria and apraxia.",
"title": "Signs and symptoms"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Half of affected individuals have at least one psychiatric or behavioral diagnosis. Approximately 30% of individuals are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Approximately 20-25% of individuals are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and nearly all share some behavioral traits with ASD.",
"title": "Signs and symptoms"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Up to 25% of affected individuals experience seizures. The most common type is tonic-clonic seizure; complex focal seizures and absence seizures are also reported. Many individuals may exhibit EEG, CT, or MRI abnormalities. Hyporeflexia, gait abnormalities, and truncal or symmetric limb hypotonia were observed in at least 15% of individuals in a cohort of 136 16p11.2 deletion carriers. Sensorineural or conductive hearing loss and paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis are observed in some individuals.",
"title": "Signs and symptoms"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "16p11.2 deletion syndrome strongly predisposes individuals to increased body mass index (BMI) and obesity beginning in childhood. BMI in individuals with the syndrome is significantly higher than that in the general population by age 5, and 50% of carriers are obese by age 7. By adulthood, 75% of individuals are obese. Affected individuals report hyperphagia due to sensory and social cues or boredom. Obesity and related comorbidities such as insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes comprise the majority of medical challenges for adults with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome.",
"title": "Signs and symptoms"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Macrocephaly is slightly more prevalent in 16p11.2 deletion syndrome compared to the general population. Approximately one-third of individuals have a sacral dimple or café au lait spots. Vertebral anomalies associated with scoliosis are also observed. 16p11.2 deletion has been associated with a 13.9-fold increased risk of neuroblastoma.",
"title": "Signs and symptoms"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "16p11.2 deletion syndrome is caused by a heterozygous microdeletion of ~600 kilobases between the recurrent breakpoint regions BP4 and BP5 on the short arm of chromosome 16. Genes in the BP4-BP5 region include the following:",
"title": "Genetics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Nearby regions on chromosome 16 may also be affected. Notably, deletion of SH2B1 is associated with obesity and may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity observed in the syndrome.",
"title": "Genetics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "16p11.2 deletion typically occurs by de novo mutation. Approximately 7% of affected individuals inherit the mutation from a parent in an autosomal dominant fashion. Parents carrying the deletion often have no history of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder. Prevalence of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome was initially estimated to be 3 in 10,000 in the general population, though more recent estimates have increased to 1 in 2,000.",
"title": "Genetics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Management of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome is highly variable and based on an individual's specific symptoms or deficits. Interventions may include special education, psychiatric treatment, standard epilepsy treatment, audiology assessment, physical and occupational therapy for gross/fine motor skills, and regular monitoring of congenital anomalies or defects. Due to increased risk of obesity associated with the syndrome, psychiatric medications associated with weight gain are not recommended. Social work involvement and community support can also benefit affected individuals and caregivers.",
"title": "Management"
}
] | 16p11.2 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 16. Most affected individuals experience global developmental delay and intellectual disability, as well as childhood-onset obesity. 16p11.2 deletion is estimated to account for approximately 1% of autism spectrum disorder cases. | 2023-12-05T22:47:53Z | 2023-12-13T23:59:28Z | [
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75,493,645 | 2009 Idaho State Bengals football team | The 2009 Idaho State Bengals football team represented Idaho State University as a member of the Big Sky Conference during the 2009 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by third-year head coach John Zamberlin, the Bengals compiled an overall record of 1–10 with a mark of 1–7 in conference play, placing last in the Big Sky. Idaho State played their home games at Holt Arena in Pocatello, Idaho. | [
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"text": "The 2009 Idaho State Bengals football team represented Idaho State University as a member of the Big Sky Conference during the 2009 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by third-year head coach John Zamberlin, the Bengals compiled an overall record of 1–10 with a mark of 1–7 in conference play, placing last in the Big Sky. Idaho State played their home games at Holt Arena in Pocatello, Idaho.",
"title": ""
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] | The 2009 Idaho State Bengals football team represented Idaho State University as a member of the Big Sky Conference during the 2009 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by third-year head coach John Zamberlin, the Bengals compiled an overall record of 1–10 with a mark of 1–7 in conference play, placing last in the Big Sky. Idaho State played their home games at Holt Arena in Pocatello, Idaho. | 2023-12-05T22:48:15Z | 2023-12-06T03:04:28Z | [
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75,493,677 | Louis Saalborn | Louis Saalborn (Louis Alexander Abraham Zaalborn (Rotterdam, 13 June 1891–Amsterdam, 18 June 1957) was a Dutch polymath with mid-20th century careers in film and theatre, painting, and music. | [
{
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"text": "Louis Saalborn (Louis Alexander Abraham Zaalborn (Rotterdam, 13 June 1891–Amsterdam, 18 June 1957) was a Dutch polymath with mid-20th century careers in film and theatre, painting, and music.",
"title": ""
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] | Louis Saalborn (Louis Alexander Abraham Zaalborn was a Dutch polymath with mid-20th century careers in film and theatre, painting, and music. | 2023-12-05T22:52:22Z | 2023-12-13T13:45:36Z | [
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75,493,695 | 1959–60 Irani Cup | The 1959–60 Irani Cup was the inaugural edition of the Irani Cup, an annual first-class cricket fixture in India which matches the previous season's Ranji Trophy winners against a multi-state team called the Rest of India (ROI). The concept was devised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Ranji Trophy. The trophy was named after Zal R. Irani, the BCCI President.
Played from 18 to 20 March 1960, the first edition was between Rest of India and Bombay at the Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi. The match ended in a draw but Bombay were declared winners because a tie-break rule was in force that awarded the match to the team with first innings lead.
Bombay captain Polly Umrigar won the toss and decided to bat first. The team batted through the whole of the first day and their last wicket fell just before close of play. They were all out for 344, Umrigar himself scoring 102. He was supported by fellow Test batsmen Madhav Apte (98) and Gulabrai Ramchand (82). ROI's best bowler was off spinner Jasu Patel, who took 5/98. ROI began their first innings next morning and were all out for 298, again just before close of play. Test batsmen Nari Contractor (108) and Motganhalli Jaisimha (105) shared a second wicket partnership of 196 but the rest of the batting struggled against the leg spin and googly bowler Hoshang Amroliwala, who took 6/44. On the final day, Bombay declared on 210/5, setting ROI a target of 247. They had made 111/7 when time ran out and Bombay won by virtue of their first innings lead. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1959–60 Irani Cup was the inaugural edition of the Irani Cup, an annual first-class cricket fixture in India which matches the previous season's Ranji Trophy winners against a multi-state team called the Rest of India (ROI). The concept was devised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Ranji Trophy. The trophy was named after Zal R. Irani, the BCCI President.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Played from 18 to 20 March 1960, the first edition was between Rest of India and Bombay at the Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi. The match ended in a draw but Bombay were declared winners because a tie-break rule was in force that awarded the match to the team with first innings lead.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Bombay captain Polly Umrigar won the toss and decided to bat first. The team batted through the whole of the first day and their last wicket fell just before close of play. They were all out for 344, Umrigar himself scoring 102. He was supported by fellow Test batsmen Madhav Apte (98) and Gulabrai Ramchand (82). ROI's best bowler was off spinner Jasu Patel, who took 5/98. ROI began their first innings next morning and were all out for 298, again just before close of play. Test batsmen Nari Contractor (108) and Motganhalli Jaisimha (105) shared a second wicket partnership of 196 but the rest of the batting struggled against the leg spin and googly bowler Hoshang Amroliwala, who took 6/44. On the final day, Bombay declared on 210/5, setting ROI a target of 247. They had made 111/7 when time ran out and Bombay won by virtue of their first innings lead.",
"title": ""
}
] | The 1959–60 Irani Cup was the inaugural edition of the Irani Cup, an annual first-class cricket fixture in India which matches the previous season's Ranji Trophy winners against a multi-state team called the Rest of India (ROI). The concept was devised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Ranji Trophy. The trophy was named after Zal R. Irani, the BCCI President. Played from 18 to 20 March 1960, the first edition was between Rest of India and Bombay at the Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi. The match ended in a draw but Bombay were declared winners because a tie-break rule was in force that awarded the match to the team with first innings lead. Bombay captain Polly Umrigar won the toss and decided to bat first. The team batted through the whole of the first day and their last wicket fell just before close of play. They were all out for 344, Umrigar himself scoring 102. He was supported by fellow Test batsmen Madhav Apte (98) and Gulabrai Ramchand (82). ROI's best bowler was off spinner Jasu Patel, who took 5/98. ROI began their first innings next morning and were all out for 298, again just before close of play. Test batsmen Nari Contractor (108) and Motganhalli Jaisimha (105) shared a second wicket partnership of 196 but the rest of the batting struggled against the leg spin and googly bowler Hoshang Amroliwala, who took 6/44. On the final day, Bombay declared on 210/5, setting ROI a target of 247. They had made 111/7 when time ran out and Bombay won by virtue of their first innings lead. | 2023-12-05T22:54:45Z | 2023-12-29T05:21:13Z | [
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75,493,696 | 2024 HFX Wanderers FC season | The 2024 HFX Wanderers FC season is the sixth season in the history of HFX Wanderers FC. In addition to the Canadian Premier League, the club will compete in the Canadian Championship. During the off-season, coach Patrice Gheisar signed a two-year contract extension.
HFX Wanderers selected the following players in the 2024 CPL–U Sports Draft. Draft picks are not automatically signed to the team roster. Only those who are signed to a contract will be listed as transfers in. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 HFX Wanderers FC season is the sixth season in the history of HFX Wanderers FC. In addition to the Canadian Premier League, the club will compete in the Canadian Championship. During the off-season, coach Patrice Gheisar signed a two-year contract extension.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "HFX Wanderers selected the following players in the 2024 CPL–U Sports Draft. Draft picks are not automatically signed to the team roster. Only those who are signed to a contract will be listed as transfers in.",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The 2024 HFX Wanderers FC season is the sixth season in the history of HFX Wanderers FC. In addition to the Canadian Premier League, the club will compete in the Canadian Championship. During the off-season, coach Patrice Gheisar signed a two-year contract extension. | 2023-12-05T22:54:50Z | 2023-12-19T18:37:26Z | [
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75,493,704 | Syndromic obesity | Syndromic obesity (SO) refers to obesity when it occurs as part of a syndrome, often along with intellectual disability. Often syndromic obesity is mediated by abnormal development of the hypothalamus (see hypothalamic obesity). Known types of syndromic obesity include some types of monogenic obesity and: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Syndromic obesity (SO) refers to obesity when it occurs as part of a syndrome, often along with intellectual disability. Often syndromic obesity is mediated by abnormal development of the hypothalamus (see hypothalamic obesity). Known types of syndromic obesity include some types of monogenic obesity and:",
"title": ""
}
] | Syndromic obesity (SO) refers to obesity when it occurs as part of a syndrome, often along with intellectual disability. Often syndromic obesity is mediated by abnormal development of the hypothalamus. Known types of syndromic obesity include some types of monogenic obesity and: Prader Willi syndrome
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Alstrom syndrome
16p11.2 deletion syndrome | 2023-12-05T22:56:02Z | 2023-12-27T07:16:22Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndromic_obesity |
75,493,705 | Royal Palace of Alcântara | The Royal Palace of Alcântara (Portuguese: Palácio Real de Alcântara or Portuguese: Real Quinta de Alcântara or Portuguese: Paço do Calvário) was a residence of the Portuguese royal family in Alcântara, a district in western Lisbon. The palace was constructed in the 17th century. After being heavily damaged by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, it was restored, but no longer used by the royal family, and was demolished in the 19th century for urban development needs. Today, only part of the stable block is left.
Originally, the Alcântara estate belonged to a wealthy merchant, named João Baptista Revelasco. However, as he was heavily indebted to the royal treasury, the estate was confiscated from him in 1602. King Philip II of Spain and Portugal (1527-1598) decided to construct here a summer lodge, where he could escape from the hustle and bustle at the royal court in the Ribeira Palace Although the lodge was modest, the palace was known for its gardens, which were decorated with fountains, waterfalls and statues. Further, the visitors to the gardens could enjoy magnificent views over the Tagus river.
The first Braganza kings John IV (1604-1656), Afonso VI (1643-1683) and Peter II (1648-1706) were very fond of the palace and its gardens. King Afonso VI even changed his residence from the Ribeira Palace to the Alcântara palace.
The palace was heavily damaged by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake . It was rebuilt, but it lost its attractiveness. At the end of the eighteenth century, the palace was granted to Francisco José Dias, who set up a textile factory in the buildings. In 1808, when the concession ended, the palace returned to the crown, which decided to use it as free housing for the widows of the Royal Household.
In 1876, due to urban development needs, the royal family decided to sell the estate and its old and ruined palace. The gardens were replaced by new buildings and streets, creating a new neighbourhood, named ‘Bairro do Calvário’. Today, only a part of the royal stables of the royal palace has survived. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Royal Palace of Alcântara (Portuguese: Palácio Real de Alcântara or Portuguese: Real Quinta de Alcântara or Portuguese: Paço do Calvário) was a residence of the Portuguese royal family in Alcântara, a district in western Lisbon. The palace was constructed in the 17th century. After being heavily damaged by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, it was restored, but no longer used by the royal family, and was demolished in the 19th century for urban development needs. Today, only part of the stable block is left.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Originally, the Alcântara estate belonged to a wealthy merchant, named João Baptista Revelasco. However, as he was heavily indebted to the royal treasury, the estate was confiscated from him in 1602. King Philip II of Spain and Portugal (1527-1598) decided to construct here a summer lodge, where he could escape from the hustle and bustle at the royal court in the Ribeira Palace Although the lodge was modest, the palace was known for its gardens, which were decorated with fountains, waterfalls and statues. Further, the visitors to the gardens could enjoy magnificent views over the Tagus river.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The first Braganza kings John IV (1604-1656), Afonso VI (1643-1683) and Peter II (1648-1706) were very fond of the palace and its gardens. King Afonso VI even changed his residence from the Ribeira Palace to the Alcântara palace.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The palace was heavily damaged by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake . It was rebuilt, but it lost its attractiveness. At the end of the eighteenth century, the palace was granted to Francisco José Dias, who set up a textile factory in the buildings. In 1808, when the concession ended, the palace returned to the crown, which decided to use it as free housing for the widows of the Royal Household.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1876, due to urban development needs, the royal family decided to sell the estate and its old and ruined palace. The gardens were replaced by new buildings and streets, creating a new neighbourhood, named ‘Bairro do Calvário’. Today, only a part of the royal stables of the royal palace has survived.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Royal Palace of Alcântara was a residence of the Portuguese royal family in Alcântara, a district in western Lisbon. The palace was constructed in the 17th century. After being heavily damaged by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, it was restored, but no longer used by the royal family, and was demolished in the 19th century for urban development needs. Today, only part of the stable block is left. | 2023-12-05T22:56:03Z | 2023-12-06T18:54:21Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Alc%C3%A2ntara |
75,493,739 | Eastern Border District | The Red Banner Eastern Border District (Краснознамённый Восточный пограничный округ) (KВPO) - was a military-administrative district of the KGB Border Guard. The district had its headquarters in Almaty. It guarded the western part of the Chinese-Soviet border and a small section of the Afghan-Soviet border along the Wakhan District, after which began the terrain of the Red Banner Central Asian Border District.
On May 28, 1918, the Decree on the creation of the border guard of the Soviet Republic was signed. After the end of the Civil War, the Turkestan Border Division was created by the end of 1920. In November 1920, this division was deployed from the Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains. The Turkestan border division included regiments, brigades and cavalry squadrons, each covering an area of responsibility for the state border.
In 1923, during the reform of border troops, border departments were created as part of border guard units created under administrative-territorial units (provinces). These formations were subordinate to the head of the border guard unit of the plenipotentiary representative of the State Political Directorate (GPU) provincial detachments. In February 1924, in the course of further reform of the border troops, border detachments and commandant's offices were created on the basis of border departments and border units, which included border outposts.
After the German Operation Barbarossa began in July 1941, massive numbers of the border and Internal Troops of the NKVD were sent to the the Active Army [ru] (the troops fighting on the frontline). For example, by June 26, 1941, 31 commanders of the Zaysan border detachment were appointed to the corresponding positions in the 942nd Infantry Regiment, 268th Rifle Division, which at the end the following month entered into battle as part of the 8th Army.
In 1991 the Border Troops numbered ten Border Districts. The troops of the Eastern Border District included:
Land units:
Naval units: (no naval units)
Air units: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Red Banner Eastern Border District (Краснознамённый Восточный пограничный округ) (KВPO) - was a military-administrative district of the KGB Border Guard. The district had its headquarters in Almaty. It guarded the western part of the Chinese-Soviet border and a small section of the Afghan-Soviet border along the Wakhan District, after which began the terrain of the Red Banner Central Asian Border District.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On May 28, 1918, the Decree on the creation of the border guard of the Soviet Republic was signed. After the end of the Civil War, the Turkestan Border Division was created by the end of 1920. In November 1920, this division was deployed from the Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains. The Turkestan border division included regiments, brigades and cavalry squadrons, each covering an area of responsibility for the state border.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1923, during the reform of border troops, border departments were created as part of border guard units created under administrative-territorial units (provinces). These formations were subordinate to the head of the border guard unit of the plenipotentiary representative of the State Political Directorate (GPU) provincial detachments. In February 1924, in the course of further reform of the border troops, border detachments and commandant's offices were created on the basis of border departments and border units, which included border outposts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After the German Operation Barbarossa began in July 1941, massive numbers of the border and Internal Troops of the NKVD were sent to the the Active Army [ru] (the troops fighting on the frontline). For example, by June 26, 1941, 31 commanders of the Zaysan border detachment were appointed to the corresponding positions in the 942nd Infantry Regiment, 268th Rifle Division, which at the end the following month entered into battle as part of the 8th Army.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1991 the Border Troops numbered ten Border Districts. The troops of the Eastern Border District included:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Land units:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Naval units: (no naval units)",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Air units:",
"title": ""
}
] | The Red Banner Eastern Border District (KВPO) - was a military-administrative district of the KGB Border Guard. The district had its headquarters in Almaty. It guarded the western part of the Chinese-Soviet border and a small section of the Afghan-Soviet border along the Wakhan District, after which began the terrain of the Red Banner Central Asian Border District. On May 28, 1918, the Decree on the creation of the border guard of the Soviet Republic was signed. After the end of the Civil War, the Turkestan Border Division was created by the end of 1920. In November 1920, this division was deployed from the Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains. The Turkestan border division included regiments, brigades and cavalry squadrons, each covering an area of responsibility for the state border. In 1923, during the reform of border troops, border departments were created as part of border guard units created under administrative-territorial units (provinces). These formations were subordinate to the head of the border guard unit of the plenipotentiary representative of the State Political Directorate (GPU) provincial detachments. In February 1924, in the course of further reform of the border troops, border detachments and commandant's offices were created on the basis of border departments and border units, which included border outposts. After the German Operation Barbarossa began in July 1941, massive numbers of the border and Internal Troops of the NKVD were sent to the the Active Army. For example, by June 26, 1941, 31 commanders of the Zaysan border detachment were appointed to the corresponding positions in the 942nd Infantry Regiment, 268th Rifle Division, which at the end the following month entered into battle as part of the 8th Army. In 1991 the Border Troops numbered ten Border Districts. The troops of the Eastern Border District included: Land units: 134th Kurchumskiy Border Detachment — Kurshim, Kazakh SSR
50th Zaysanskiy Краснознаменный Border Detachment — Zaysan, Kazakh SSR
30th Makanchinskiy Краснознаменный Border Detachment — Makanchi, Kazakh SSR
130th Uch-Aaralskiy Border Detachment — Usharal, Kazakh SSR
49th Panfilovskiy Краснознаменный Border Detachment — Zharkent, Kazakh SSR
132nd Chundzhinskiy Border Detachment — Chundzha, Kazakh SSR
29th Przhevalskiy Border Detachment — Karakol, Kirghiz SSR
96th Narynskiy Border Detachment — Naryn, Kirghiz SSR
131st Oshskiy Border Detachment — Osh, Kirghiz SSR
35th Murghabskiy Border Detachment — Murghab, Tajik SSR Naval units: Air units: 10th Separate Aviation Regiment — Almaty – Burunday Airfield
22nd Separate Aviation Squadron — Usharal Airfield | 2023-12-05T22:59:01Z | 2023-12-16T22:18:49Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Border_District |
75,493,745 | The Saviors Tour | The Saviors Tour is an upcoming concert tour by American rock band Green Day in support of their upcoming fourteenth studio album Saviors, and in celebration of the 30th and 20th anniversaries of Dookie and American Idiot, respectively. It was announced on November 2, 2023, and will begin on May 30, 2024. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Saviors Tour is an upcoming concert tour by American rock band Green Day in support of their upcoming fourteenth studio album Saviors, and in celebration of the 30th and 20th anniversaries of Dookie and American Idiot, respectively. It was announced on November 2, 2023, and will begin on May 30, 2024.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Saviors Tour is an upcoming concert tour by American rock band Green Day in support of their upcoming fourteenth studio album Saviors, and in celebration of the 30th and 20th anniversaries of Dookie and American Idiot, respectively. It was announced on November 2, 2023, and will begin on May 30, 2024. | 2023-12-05T22:59:32Z | 2023-12-31T15:06:55Z | [
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75,493,764 | Avraham Abukarat | Avraham Abukarat (Hebrew: אברהם אבוקרט; born 14 February 1960) is an Israeli retired international football player. He is the father of Ran Abukarat.
Abukarat born to a Moroccan-Jewish family in Wadi Salib neighbourhood. When he was 9 years old joined to the Maccabi Haifa's children team. On 1 January 1977 made his senior debut in the league game against Hapoel Acre.
Abukarat was a partner in winning the club's first four championships and a double in 1990–91 season. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Avraham Abukarat (Hebrew: אברהם אבוקרט; born 14 February 1960) is an Israeli retired international football player. He is the father of Ran Abukarat.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Abukarat born to a Moroccan-Jewish family in Wadi Salib neighbourhood. When he was 9 years old joined to the Maccabi Haifa's children team. On 1 January 1977 made his senior debut in the league game against Hapoel Acre.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Abukarat was a partner in winning the club's first four championships and a double in 1990–91 season.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Avraham Abukarat is an Israeli retired international football player. He is the father of Ran Abukarat. | 2023-12-05T23:01:01Z | 2023-12-10T16:25:05Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avraham_Abukarat |
75,493,773 | Newport's 1592 expedition | Newport's 1592 expedition was a series of privateering attacks which took place between April to June 1592 on the Spanish Main, mostly on the island of Hispaniola between an English raiding force led by Christopher Newport and defending Spanish garrisons. The largest engagement too place at the town of La Yaguana. Newport then completed his expedition by raiding settlements and shipping in the Bay of Honduras before heading home without losing any ships.
In 1590, Christopher Newport in a partnership with famed London Merchant John Watts had participated in the highly successful expedition to the Caribbean. Newport lost an arm during a fight to capture a Spanish galleon, but despite his injury, Newport still wanted to continue with his privateering raids. The following year he conducted another highly successful expedition by blockading Havana.
Back in England during the winter of 1591/1592, Newport prepared for another expedition to the Caribbean as a joint stock operation, this time against the island of Hispaniola. Of the eleven shareholders of the expedition, seven were London merchants, including Watts. The English Crown granted Letters or reprisal to Newport for an expedition comprising four ships totalling some 300-350 tons with nineteen cannon and 200 men in all. Newport's flagship Golden Dragon of 150 tons led in company with Prudence, commanded by Hugh Merrick, Margaret captained by Robert Thread and Virgin (a pinnace) captained by Henry Kedgell. On 25 January 1591 they set off with favourable winds and headed to the Spanish Main.
On April 4, 1592, they arrived off the island of Hispaniola, and after landing on a deserted beach, moved inland and replenished with food and water. Hispianola was governed by Lope de Vega Portocarrero who had been struggling with French and English attacks across the island. Militia had been set up along the coastal towns to ward off any attacks.
On April 11 they landed at Isla de Mona for supplies after having captured a Portuguese slave ship bound from Guinea to Cartagena de Indias. At Saona Island the men were trained in hand to hand and boarding combat. Soon after embarking, a Spanish frigate was captured with jars of copper for trade in wine at Puerto Rico. Another two more Spanish frigates were captured as they sailed round Hispaniola.
Three days later they looked to raid the town of Ocoa, Newport landed and moved inland shortly thereafter. They then attacked and overwhelmed the weak militia force that lay in front of them, dispersing them and subsequently took the town. They captured two more frigates in the harbour and promptly sacked Ocoa. The Spaniards then ransomed the town with cattle, and two wayne loades of sugar which proved to be of considerable value. The addition of the frigates (five in total) proved a useful addition to the fleet. The English left the town and sailed to Cap Tiburon where they left their ships sheltered by an uninhabited island.
The small fleet had rounded Tiburon Peninsula and anchored off Gonave island. On 2 April Newport transferred 110 men from his ships to make a surprise attack on the Spanish town of La Yaguana. It was an important trading port which had three streets and 150 houses.
On 27 April two hours before sunrise they landed at the harbour but are themselves surprised by a Spanish frigate of 35 tons coming into shore. The alarm was raised and the Spanish garrison mustered to counter the English force. Seeing surprise was not in their favour and fearing for his now unprotected ships, Newport ordered a retreat back to their boats and seized the Spanish ship instead. In this time however most of the towns valuables were sent further inland by the inhabitants.
Later in the day however Newport's force regrouped and landed again. They were set upon by the Spanish as they come ashore but overcome any resistance losing two men killed in the fighting. The Spanish were pushed back by the English force and the town's governor was killed in the melee. Just as the English come into the town, 150 Spanish militia including a detachment of cavalry then launched an attack with help of 200 stampeding cattle. The cattle stampeded in the attackers direction, but English pikemen stood their ground and forced the cattle round who then turned in the direction of the Spanish cavalry. The Spanish militia were routed and fled the town further inland. The English then took the town with only light resistance and Newport attempted a ransom. They got no response and then promptly sacked the whole place and stole the church bells. All of the 150 houses in the settlement were burned and the crops in the fields suffered the same fate.
Newport then landed at many other points of the colony and carried destruction wherever he went. The nearby town of Goâve suffered the same fate. He thus by one day's inroad destroyed the hard earnings of many years industry and threw a blight upon the prosperity of the colony which no future effort could overcome.
Newport after finishing with Hispaniola sailed to the Bay of Honduras looking to wreak havoc on the Spanish settlements of Truxillo and Puerto de Caballos. At Truxillo the English intercepted a Spanish coaster then sent boat parties using Spanish colours inside the harbour and attacked a handful of anchored vessels. Despite fire from onshore batteries - four of the Spanish ships were seized. Sailing onto Puerto de Caballos the English went ashore and seized the town without opposition - its inhabitants had fled inland. The 200 empty buildings were pillaged and the English stayed for a day roaming inland looking for anything of value. They did not however burn the town having been satisfied with good haul of booty. When the English re-embarked and reversed course east, they came across a 200-ton Spanish merchantman, anchored offshore. Newport seized the vessel but the crew abandoned their ship having set it ablaze before the English could board.
A second attempt to capture vessels at Truxillo was made - although one vessel was captured, an attempt on another was thwarted by a combination of alert Spanish defences and a storm which scattered the English fleet and its prizes.
Newport however satisfied with the haul decided to head for home - the prizes were escorted by the ‘’Margaret’’ and ‘’Virgin’’. For this part of the expedition Newport's little fleet had seized eight ships.
On his return home Newport sailed though past Florida Keys. They landed on one of the islands and encountered the Calusa natives who were friendly - willing to trade precious metals for tools, water and food. After this encounter they sailed through the Bahama Channel and captured another Spanish vessel containing valuable tobacco, as well as pigs. The prisoners and ship were released, but all the contents taken.
Newport with Dragon and Prudence set sail for the Azores on their way home. Just before they got to the islands in August, they encountered Roebuck Captained by John Burgh, who informed of them that he was part of the fleet (led by Martin Frobisher) outfitted by the Queen which was attempting to surprise Portuguese vessels returning from the East Indies heading to the area. In this Newport assisted in the capture of the rich Portuguese carrack Madre de Deus after a long naval battle off the island of Flores.
Newport returned home to count the plunder of his expedition which was considered moderately successful. In all Newport had sacked four towns and seized a total of nineteen ships. The booty included some six tons of quicksilver, three church bells, as well as silks, sixteen tons of sack, sugar, livestock and other merchandise which proved valuable.
Diego de Ybarra the treasurer of Santo Domingo complained that the English were ‘as numerous and as assiduous as though these were ports of their own countries’. The actions of Newport on the coast of Northern Hispaniola forced the Spanish Governor Portocarrero to order the evacuation of the towns there - Bayaba, Puerto Plata and La Yaguana were moved further South. This part of the island, the West and North West were eventually abandoned in 1606 to the latter buccaneers; the direct successors of the Elizabethan corsairs. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Newport's 1592 expedition was a series of privateering attacks which took place between April to June 1592 on the Spanish Main, mostly on the island of Hispaniola between an English raiding force led by Christopher Newport and defending Spanish garrisons. The largest engagement too place at the town of La Yaguana. Newport then completed his expedition by raiding settlements and shipping in the Bay of Honduras before heading home without losing any ships.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 1590, Christopher Newport in a partnership with famed London Merchant John Watts had participated in the highly successful expedition to the Caribbean. Newport lost an arm during a fight to capture a Spanish galleon, but despite his injury, Newport still wanted to continue with his privateering raids. The following year he conducted another highly successful expedition by blockading Havana.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Back in England during the winter of 1591/1592, Newport prepared for another expedition to the Caribbean as a joint stock operation, this time against the island of Hispaniola. Of the eleven shareholders of the expedition, seven were London merchants, including Watts. The English Crown granted Letters or reprisal to Newport for an expedition comprising four ships totalling some 300-350 tons with nineteen cannon and 200 men in all. Newport's flagship Golden Dragon of 150 tons led in company with Prudence, commanded by Hugh Merrick, Margaret captained by Robert Thread and Virgin (a pinnace) captained by Henry Kedgell. On 25 January 1591 they set off with favourable winds and headed to the Spanish Main.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On April 4, 1592, they arrived off the island of Hispaniola, and after landing on a deserted beach, moved inland and replenished with food and water. Hispianola was governed by Lope de Vega Portocarrero who had been struggling with French and English attacks across the island. Militia had been set up along the coastal towns to ward off any attacks.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On April 11 they landed at Isla de Mona for supplies after having captured a Portuguese slave ship bound from Guinea to Cartagena de Indias. At Saona Island the men were trained in hand to hand and boarding combat. Soon after embarking, a Spanish frigate was captured with jars of copper for trade in wine at Puerto Rico. Another two more Spanish frigates were captured as they sailed round Hispaniola.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Three days later they looked to raid the town of Ocoa, Newport landed and moved inland shortly thereafter. They then attacked and overwhelmed the weak militia force that lay in front of them, dispersing them and subsequently took the town. They captured two more frigates in the harbour and promptly sacked Ocoa. The Spaniards then ransomed the town with cattle, and two wayne loades of sugar which proved to be of considerable value. The addition of the frigates (five in total) proved a useful addition to the fleet. The English left the town and sailed to Cap Tiburon where they left their ships sheltered by an uninhabited island.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The small fleet had rounded Tiburon Peninsula and anchored off Gonave island. On 2 April Newport transferred 110 men from his ships to make a surprise attack on the Spanish town of La Yaguana. It was an important trading port which had three streets and 150 houses.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On 27 April two hours before sunrise they landed at the harbour but are themselves surprised by a Spanish frigate of 35 tons coming into shore. The alarm was raised and the Spanish garrison mustered to counter the English force. Seeing surprise was not in their favour and fearing for his now unprotected ships, Newport ordered a retreat back to their boats and seized the Spanish ship instead. In this time however most of the towns valuables were sent further inland by the inhabitants.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Later in the day however Newport's force regrouped and landed again. They were set upon by the Spanish as they come ashore but overcome any resistance losing two men killed in the fighting. The Spanish were pushed back by the English force and the town's governor was killed in the melee. Just as the English come into the town, 150 Spanish militia including a detachment of cavalry then launched an attack with help of 200 stampeding cattle. The cattle stampeded in the attackers direction, but English pikemen stood their ground and forced the cattle round who then turned in the direction of the Spanish cavalry. The Spanish militia were routed and fled the town further inland. The English then took the town with only light resistance and Newport attempted a ransom. They got no response and then promptly sacked the whole place and stole the church bells. All of the 150 houses in the settlement were burned and the crops in the fields suffered the same fate.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Newport then landed at many other points of the colony and carried destruction wherever he went. The nearby town of Goâve suffered the same fate. He thus by one day's inroad destroyed the hard earnings of many years industry and threw a blight upon the prosperity of the colony which no future effort could overcome.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Newport after finishing with Hispaniola sailed to the Bay of Honduras looking to wreak havoc on the Spanish settlements of Truxillo and Puerto de Caballos. At Truxillo the English intercepted a Spanish coaster then sent boat parties using Spanish colours inside the harbour and attacked a handful of anchored vessels. Despite fire from onshore batteries - four of the Spanish ships were seized. Sailing onto Puerto de Caballos the English went ashore and seized the town without opposition - its inhabitants had fled inland. The 200 empty buildings were pillaged and the English stayed for a day roaming inland looking for anything of value. They did not however burn the town having been satisfied with good haul of booty. When the English re-embarked and reversed course east, they came across a 200-ton Spanish merchantman, anchored offshore. Newport seized the vessel but the crew abandoned their ship having set it ablaze before the English could board.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "A second attempt to capture vessels at Truxillo was made - although one vessel was captured, an attempt on another was thwarted by a combination of alert Spanish defences and a storm which scattered the English fleet and its prizes.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Newport however satisfied with the haul decided to head for home - the prizes were escorted by the ‘’Margaret’’ and ‘’Virgin’’. For this part of the expedition Newport's little fleet had seized eight ships.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "On his return home Newport sailed though past Florida Keys. They landed on one of the islands and encountered the Calusa natives who were friendly - willing to trade precious metals for tools, water and food. After this encounter they sailed through the Bahama Channel and captured another Spanish vessel containing valuable tobacco, as well as pigs. The prisoners and ship were released, but all the contents taken.",
"title": "Newport's sweep"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Newport with Dragon and Prudence set sail for the Azores on their way home. Just before they got to the islands in August, they encountered Roebuck Captained by John Burgh, who informed of them that he was part of the fleet (led by Martin Frobisher) outfitted by the Queen which was attempting to surprise Portuguese vessels returning from the East Indies heading to the area. In this Newport assisted in the capture of the rich Portuguese carrack Madre de Deus after a long naval battle off the island of Flores.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Newport returned home to count the plunder of his expedition which was considered moderately successful. In all Newport had sacked four towns and seized a total of nineteen ships. The booty included some six tons of quicksilver, three church bells, as well as silks, sixteen tons of sack, sugar, livestock and other merchandise which proved valuable.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Diego de Ybarra the treasurer of Santo Domingo complained that the English were ‘as numerous and as assiduous as though these were ports of their own countries’. The actions of Newport on the coast of Northern Hispaniola forced the Spanish Governor Portocarrero to order the evacuation of the towns there - Bayaba, Puerto Plata and La Yaguana were moved further South. This part of the island, the West and North West were eventually abandoned in 1606 to the latter buccaneers; the direct successors of the Elizabethan corsairs.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | Newport's 1592 expedition was a series of privateering attacks which took place between April to June 1592 on the Spanish Main, mostly on the island of Hispaniola between an English raiding force led by Christopher Newport and defending Spanish garrisons. The largest engagement too place at the town of La Yaguana. Newport then completed his expedition by raiding settlements and shipping in the Bay of Honduras before heading home without losing any ships. | 2023-12-05T23:01:40Z | 2023-12-17T10:28:42Z | [
"Template:Sfn",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport%27s_1592_expedition |
75,493,785 | Planking (boat building) | [] | 2023-12-05T23:02:45Z | 2023-12-24T10:02:01Z | [
"Template:Rcat shell"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planking_(boat_building) |
||
75,493,851 | 2019 Clube Náutico Capibaribe season | The 2019 season was Náutico's 119th season in the club's history. Náutico competed in the Campeonato Pernambucano, Copa do Nordeste, Copa do Brasil and Série C.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Source: Náutico official website | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2019 season was Náutico's 119th season in the club's history. Náutico competed in the Campeonato Pernambucano, Copa do Nordeste, Copa do Brasil and Série C.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Final squad"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Source: Náutico official website",
"title": "Statistics"
}
] | The 2019 season was Náutico's 119th season in the club's history. Náutico competed in the Campeonato Pernambucano, Copa do Nordeste, Copa do Brasil and Série C. | 2023-12-05T23:09:45Z | 2023-12-06T19:18:44Z | [
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75,493,853 | Garden City Wind | The Garden City Wind are a professional baseball team based in Garden City, Kansas, in southwest Kansas. The Wind are a franchise of the Pecos League, which is not affiliated with a Major League Baseball organization. They play their home games at Clint Lightner Field, a 1,500-seat facility that dates to 1936.
The Garden City Wind were established for the 2015 season, as the Pecos League, which at the time was established in Colorado, New Mexico, and West Texas, becoming the first Kansas-based franchise in the league's history.
After struggling to a 21–43 record in their inaugural season, the Wind responded with their first winning season in 2016, going 38-26 and reaching the postseason, dropping a hard-fought best-of-three series 2–1 to the Trinidad Triggers in the North Division championship.
Hard times came the two subsequent seasons as the Wind staggered to a last-place, 18–43 mark in 2017, followed by a woeful 11-50 campaign in 2018, worst in the league.
2019, though, saw another major turnaround as the Wind finished second in the Mountain division with a franchise-best 42–20 mark, though they were bounced by Roswell in two straight games in the first round.
The Wind sat out the 2020 season as the Pecos League elected to play a 36-game season in Houston, Texas with four teams. Garden City did not participate due to the Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports.
Returning in 2021, the Wind finished second in the Mountain North division with a 33–22 record and won a playoff series for the first time in franchise history by defeating the Colorado Springs Snow Sox 2–1 in a best-of-three series, though once more, the Wind were denied by Roswell in another 2–1 series as Roswell advanced to the Pecos League finals.
The winning ways continued in 2022 as the Wind won their first-ever division title, taking the Mountain Division crown with a 36–10 mark. The season also saw the Wind host the Mountain Division All-Star Game for the first time on July 10, 2022. However, the season once again ended at the hands of Roswell, who dispatched Garden City in the first round of the playoffs. Despite the heartbreak, the Wind did set unofficial Pecos League records for single-season and per-game attendance, drawing nearly 25,000 fans to 37 home games.
For the third consecutive year, the Wind were playoff-bound in 2023, going 30-20 and snagging the fourth and final playoff spot, edging out longtime nemesis Roswell. However, eventual Mountain Division champion Tucson Saguaros took out the Wind in two straight games to eliminate Garden City.
Following the 2023 season, manager Garrett Totty, who had been with the club since 2021, left Garden City to manage the Roswell Invaders. Totty went 99–52 in three seasons with the Wind, reaching the playoffs in all three campaigns and departing as the club's all-time winningest skipper. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Garden City Wind are a professional baseball team based in Garden City, Kansas, in southwest Kansas. The Wind are a franchise of the Pecos League, which is not affiliated with a Major League Baseball organization. They play their home games at Clint Lightner Field, a 1,500-seat facility that dates to 1936.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Garden City Wind were established for the 2015 season, as the Pecos League, which at the time was established in Colorado, New Mexico, and West Texas, becoming the first Kansas-based franchise in the league's history.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After struggling to a 21–43 record in their inaugural season, the Wind responded with their first winning season in 2016, going 38-26 and reaching the postseason, dropping a hard-fought best-of-three series 2–1 to the Trinidad Triggers in the North Division championship.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Hard times came the two subsequent seasons as the Wind staggered to a last-place, 18–43 mark in 2017, followed by a woeful 11-50 campaign in 2018, worst in the league.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "2019, though, saw another major turnaround as the Wind finished second in the Mountain division with a franchise-best 42–20 mark, though they were bounced by Roswell in two straight games in the first round.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Wind sat out the 2020 season as the Pecos League elected to play a 36-game season in Houston, Texas with four teams. Garden City did not participate due to the Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Returning in 2021, the Wind finished second in the Mountain North division with a 33–22 record and won a playoff series for the first time in franchise history by defeating the Colorado Springs Snow Sox 2–1 in a best-of-three series, though once more, the Wind were denied by Roswell in another 2–1 series as Roswell advanced to the Pecos League finals.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The winning ways continued in 2022 as the Wind won their first-ever division title, taking the Mountain Division crown with a 36–10 mark. The season also saw the Wind host the Mountain Division All-Star Game for the first time on July 10, 2022. However, the season once again ended at the hands of Roswell, who dispatched Garden City in the first round of the playoffs. Despite the heartbreak, the Wind did set unofficial Pecos League records for single-season and per-game attendance, drawing nearly 25,000 fans to 37 home games.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "For the third consecutive year, the Wind were playoff-bound in 2023, going 30-20 and snagging the fourth and final playoff spot, edging out longtime nemesis Roswell. However, eventual Mountain Division champion Tucson Saguaros took out the Wind in two straight games to eliminate Garden City.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Following the 2023 season, manager Garrett Totty, who had been with the club since 2021, left Garden City to manage the Roswell Invaders. Totty went 99–52 in three seasons with the Wind, reaching the playoffs in all three campaigns and departing as the club's all-time winningest skipper.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The Garden City Wind are a professional baseball team based in Garden City, Kansas, in southwest Kansas. The Wind are a franchise of the Pecos League, which is not affiliated with a Major League Baseball organization. They play their home games at Clint Lightner Field, a 1,500-seat facility that dates to 1936. | 2023-12-05T23:09:57Z | 2023-12-30T20:46:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_Wind |
75,493,867 | Newton (footballer, born 2000) | Newton Araújo da Costa Júnior (born 12 March 2000), simply known as Newton, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Botafogo, on loan from Jacuipense.
Born in Salvador, Bahia, Newton joined Jacuipense's youth categories in 2018. He made his senior debut with the club on 19 January 2019, coming on as a half-time substitute in a 2–1 Campeonato Baiano away loss to Bahia de Feira, before returning to the under-20s.
Definitely promoted to the main squad in February 2021, Newton featured rarely before moving to Bahia de Feira in the Série D on loan on 4 June of that year. Upon returning, he became a regular starter for Jacupa, scoring his first senior goal on 22 May 2022 in a 1–1 away draw against ASA.
On 8 August 2022, Newton signed for Botafogo and was initially assigned to the under-23 team. He made his Série A debut on 3 December 2023, coming on as a late substitute for Gabriel Pires in a 0–0 home draw against Cruzeiro. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Newton Araújo da Costa Júnior (born 12 March 2000), simply known as Newton, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Botafogo, on loan from Jacuipense.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Salvador, Bahia, Newton joined Jacuipense's youth categories in 2018. He made his senior debut with the club on 19 January 2019, coming on as a half-time substitute in a 2–1 Campeonato Baiano away loss to Bahia de Feira, before returning to the under-20s.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Definitely promoted to the main squad in February 2021, Newton featured rarely before moving to Bahia de Feira in the Série D on loan on 4 June of that year. Upon returning, he became a regular starter for Jacupa, scoring his first senior goal on 22 May 2022 in a 1–1 away draw against ASA.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 8 August 2022, Newton signed for Botafogo and was initially assigned to the under-23 team. He made his Série A debut on 3 December 2023, coming on as a late substitute for Gabriel Pires in a 0–0 home draw against Cruzeiro.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Newton Araújo da Costa Júnior, simply known as Newton, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Botafogo, on loan from Jacuipense. | 2023-12-05T23:12:36Z | 2023-12-05T23:17:15Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_(footballer,_born_2000) |
75,493,884 | Zoe.mp4 | Zoe.mp4 is a Canadian thriller film, directed by Jeremy Lutter and released in 2023. The film stars Emily Tennant as Alina, a serial killer who believes that her motives for killing people are purely altruistic in that she is liberating them from the mundanity and tedium of their underfulfilling lives, and Julia Sarah Stone as Zoe, a young architect she has identified as her next victim.
The cast also includes Osric Chau as Zoe's fiancé Matt, as well as Freya Snow Edwards, Dejan Loyola, Jillian Walchuck, Jesse Boyko and Kate Whiddington in supporting roles.
The film was originally envisioned by screenwriters Ryan Bright and Jesse Boyko as a found footage thriller, but grew into a more conventional film as Lutter and cinematographer Daniel Carruthers drew up their plans for making the film.
It premiered on November 30, 2023, in the Borsos Competition program at the Whistler Film Festival. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Zoe.mp4 is a Canadian thriller film, directed by Jeremy Lutter and released in 2023. The film stars Emily Tennant as Alina, a serial killer who believes that her motives for killing people are purely altruistic in that she is liberating them from the mundanity and tedium of their underfulfilling lives, and Julia Sarah Stone as Zoe, a young architect she has identified as her next victim.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The cast also includes Osric Chau as Zoe's fiancé Matt, as well as Freya Snow Edwards, Dejan Loyola, Jillian Walchuck, Jesse Boyko and Kate Whiddington in supporting roles.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film was originally envisioned by screenwriters Ryan Bright and Jesse Boyko as a found footage thriller, but grew into a more conventional film as Lutter and cinematographer Daniel Carruthers drew up their plans for making the film.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "It premiered on November 30, 2023, in the Borsos Competition program at the Whistler Film Festival.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Zoe.mp4 is a Canadian thriller film, directed by Jeremy Lutter and released in 2023. The film stars Emily Tennant as Alina, a serial killer who believes that her motives for killing people are purely altruistic in that she is liberating them from the mundanity and tedium of their underfulfilling lives, and Julia Sarah Stone as Zoe, a young architect she has identified as her next victim. The cast also includes Osric Chau as Zoe's fiancé Matt, as well as Freya Snow Edwards, Dejan Loyola, Jillian Walchuck, Jesse Boyko and Kate Whiddington in supporting roles. The film was originally envisioned by screenwriters Ryan Bright and Jesse Boyko as a found footage thriller, but grew into a more conventional film as Lutter and cinematographer Daniel Carruthers drew up their plans for making the film. It premiered on November 30, 2023, in the Borsos Competition program at the Whistler Film Festival. | 2023-12-05T23:14:43Z | 2023-12-05T23:19:36Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe.mp4 |
75,493,896 | Fausto (opera) | Fausto is an opera by Louise Bertin. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Fausto is an opera by Louise Bertin.",
"title": ""
}
] | Fausto is an opera by Louise Bertin. | 2023-12-05T23:16:50Z | 2023-12-05T23:22:15Z | [
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fausto_(opera) |
75,493,942 | Two Comedians | Two Comedians. is a 1966 oil on canvas painting by Edward Hopper (1882-1967). It was his final painting, executed one year before his death in 1967.
In the painting Hopper paints he and his wife, Josephine Nivison on stage in pantomime costume taking s final bow.
The work was once owned by Frank Sinatra. The work is now in the permanent collection if the Bruce Museum in Greenwich, Connecticut. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Two Comedians. is a 1966 oil on canvas painting by Edward Hopper (1882-1967). It was his final painting, executed one year before his death in 1967.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the painting Hopper paints he and his wife, Josephine Nivison on stage in pantomime costume taking s final bow.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The work was once owned by Frank Sinatra. The work is now in the permanent collection if the Bruce Museum in Greenwich, Connecticut.",
"title": ""
}
] | Two Comedians. is a 1966 oil on canvas painting by Edward Hopper (1882-1967). It was his final painting, executed one year before his death in 1967. In the painting Hopper paints he and his wife, Josephine Nivison on stage in pantomime costume taking s final bow. The work was once owned by Frank Sinatra. The work is now in the permanent collection if the Bruce Museum in Greenwich, Connecticut. | 2023-12-05T23:21:29Z | 2023-12-15T19:48:29Z | [
"Template:Navbox",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Comedians |
75,493,943 | Ismail el Abassi | Ismail El Abassi (born 27 February 1983 in Utrecht) is a Dutch politician from the DENK party. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.
He was a professional football player at FC Utrecht. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ismail El Abassi (born 27 February 1983 in Utrecht) is a Dutch politician from the DENK party. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He was a professional football player at FC Utrecht.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Ismail El Abassi is a Dutch politician from the DENK party. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. | 2023-12-05T23:21:30Z | 2023-12-30T06:55:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_el_Abassi |
75,493,957 | Swainsona disjuncta | Swainsona disjuncta is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to widely separated areas of central Australia. It is a prostrate perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves with 3 to 9 egg-shaped leaflets, and racemes of purple, pink or red flowers in racemes of 3 to 15.
Swainsona disjuncta is a prostrate perennial herb, that has several stems arising from a slender taproot. The leaves are imparipinnate, mostly 15–80 mm (0.59–3.15 in) long with 3 to 9 egg-shaped leaflets with their narrower end towards the base, the leaflets mostly 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long and 2–10 mm (0.079–0.394 in) wide on with narrow stipules 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long at the base of the petioles. The flowers are purple, pink or red, arranged in racemes of 3 to 15 on a peduncle 0.5–1.5 mm (0.020–0.059 in) wide with slender bracts 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long at the base. The sepals are joined at the base and hairy, forming a tube about 1 mm (0.039 in) long with lobes usually twice as long as the tube. The standard petal is 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long, the wings 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) long and the keel 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long and 3.5–4.5 mm (0.14–0.18 in) deep. The fruit is a pod about 10 mm (0.39 in) long and 6 mm (0.24 in) wide.
Swainsona disjuncta was first formally described in 1993 by Joy Thompson in the journal Telopea, from specimens collected by Roy Pullen about 115 km (71 mi) east of Norseman in 1979. The specific epithet (disjuncta) means "separate", referring to the disjunct distribution of the species.
This species of pea grows in disjunct areas of central Australia, including the Fraser Range in southern Western Australia, in nearby areas of the Northern Territory and Western Australia, and on the Eyre Peninsula of southern South Australia.
Swainsona disjuncta is listed as "Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is in danger of extinction. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Swainsona disjuncta is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to widely separated areas of central Australia. It is a prostrate perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves with 3 to 9 egg-shaped leaflets, and racemes of purple, pink or red flowers in racemes of 3 to 15.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Swainsona disjuncta is a prostrate perennial herb, that has several stems arising from a slender taproot. The leaves are imparipinnate, mostly 15–80 mm (0.59–3.15 in) long with 3 to 9 egg-shaped leaflets with their narrower end towards the base, the leaflets mostly 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long and 2–10 mm (0.079–0.394 in) wide on with narrow stipules 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long at the base of the petioles. The flowers are purple, pink or red, arranged in racemes of 3 to 15 on a peduncle 0.5–1.5 mm (0.020–0.059 in) wide with slender bracts 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long at the base. The sepals are joined at the base and hairy, forming a tube about 1 mm (0.039 in) long with lobes usually twice as long as the tube. The standard petal is 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long, the wings 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) long and the keel 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long and 3.5–4.5 mm (0.14–0.18 in) deep. The fruit is a pod about 10 mm (0.39 in) long and 6 mm (0.24 in) wide.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Swainsona disjuncta was first formally described in 1993 by Joy Thompson in the journal Telopea, from specimens collected by Roy Pullen about 115 km (71 mi) east of Norseman in 1979. The specific epithet (disjuncta) means \"separate\", referring to the disjunct distribution of the species.",
"title": "Taxonomy and naming"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "This species of pea grows in disjunct areas of central Australia, including the Fraser Range in southern Western Australia, in nearby areas of the Northern Territory and Western Australia, and on the Eyre Peninsula of southern South Australia.",
"title": "Distribution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Swainsona disjuncta is listed as \"Threatened\" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is in danger of extinction.",
"title": "Conservation status"
}
] | Swainsona disjuncta is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to widely separated areas of central Australia. It is a prostrate perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves with 3 to 9 egg-shaped leaflets, and racemes of purple, pink or red flowers in racemes of 3 to 15. | 2023-12-05T23:22:13Z | 2023-12-27T09:31:10Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swainsona_disjuncta |
75,493,966 | Diazoxide choline | Diazoxide choline is an experimental anti-obesity drug tested in people with Prader-Willi syndrome and monogenic obesity caused by mutations in the SH2B1, PCSK1, or SIM1 genes. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Diazoxide choline is an experimental anti-obesity drug tested in people with Prader-Willi syndrome and monogenic obesity caused by mutations in the SH2B1, PCSK1, or SIM1 genes.",
"title": ""
}
] | Diazoxide choline is an experimental anti-obesity drug tested in people with Prader-Willi syndrome and monogenic obesity caused by mutations in the SH2B1, PCSK1, or SIM1 genes. | 2023-12-05T23:23:10Z | 2024-01-01T00:29:56Z | [
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75,494,007 | Barnes Avenue School | Barnes Avenue School is a school building located at 1028 West Barnes Avenue in Lansing, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2023.
In the early 20th century, the rise of the automobile and the auto factories in Lansing attracted large number of workers. Middle class neighborhoods sprang up around the factories, and these new residents strained the capacity of the school system. In 1919, the Lansing School Board raised funds to build a school in the neighborhood south of the Grand River to house kindergarten and grades 1-8. They commissioned architect Judson Newell Churchill to design the building, planning for two steps of construction. Construction immediately began on the first portion of the school, and it opened in September of the same year. The district constructed the second phase in 1920. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Barnes Avenue School is a school building located at 1028 West Barnes Avenue in Lansing, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the early 20th century, the rise of the automobile and the auto factories in Lansing attracted large number of workers. Middle class neighborhoods sprang up around the factories, and these new residents strained the capacity of the school system. In 1919, the Lansing School Board raised funds to build a school in the neighborhood south of the Grand River to house kindergarten and grades 1-8. They commissioned architect Judson Newell Churchill to design the building, planning for two steps of construction. Construction immediately began on the first portion of the school, and it opened in September of the same year. The district constructed the second phase in 1920.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Barnes Avenue School is a school building located at 1028 West Barnes Avenue in Lansing, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2023. | 2023-12-05T23:26:05Z | 2023-12-06T10:30:44Z | [
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75,494,016 | Gottfried Maulhardt Farm | #REDIRECT [[Oxnard Historic Farm Park]] | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "#REDIRECT [[Oxnard Historic Farm Park]]",
"title": ""
}
] | #REDIRECT [[Oxnard Historic Farm Park]] | 2023-12-05T23:26:46Z | 2023-12-05T23:26:46Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Maulhardt_Farm |
75,494,039 | Doğukan Ergin | Doğukan Ergin (born 27 March 1992 in Schiedam) is a Dutch politician from the DENK party. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.
Ergin was a municipal councillor in Schiedam. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Doğukan Ergin (born 27 March 1992 in Schiedam) is a Dutch politician from the DENK party. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ergin was a municipal councillor in Schiedam.",
"title": ""
}
] | Doğukan Ergin is a Dutch politician from the DENK party. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. Ergin was a municipal councillor in Schiedam. | 2023-12-05T23:28:27Z | 2023-12-27T17:55:42Z | [
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75,494,047 | Shalev Harush | [] | REDIRECT Draft:Shalev Harush | 2023-12-05T23:29:09Z | 2023-12-19T15:25:12Z | [
"Template:Db-r2",
"Template:Redirect category shell"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalev_Harush |
|
75,494,072 | Svirkos | Svirkos is a village in Švenčionys district municipality, in Vilnius County, in northeastern Lithuania. According to the 2021 census, the village has a population of 244 people.
Svirkos village is located c. 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Švenčionys, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Girdėnai (the nearest settlement) and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the Belarusian border. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Svirkos is a village in Švenčionys district municipality, in Vilnius County, in northeastern Lithuania. According to the 2021 census, the village has a population of 244 people.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Svirkos village is located c. 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Švenčionys, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Girdėnai (the nearest settlement) and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the Belarusian border.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Svirkos is a village in Švenčionys district municipality, in Vilnius County, in northeastern Lithuania. According to the 2021 census, the village has a population of 244 people. Svirkos village is located c. 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Švenčionys, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Girdėnai and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the Belarusian border. | 2023-12-05T23:31:12Z | 2023-12-05T23:32:08Z | [
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75,494,125 | Medalha da Ordem do Mérito Parlamentar em Sergipe | The Medal of the Order of Parliamentary Merit in Sergipe (Portuguese: Medalha da Ordem do Mérito Parlamentar em Sergipe ) is the highest distinction of the Legislative Assembly of the Brazilian state of Sergipe, jurídicas It is a medal intended for people or foreigners who, through services, in their spheres, have contributed to the enhancement of the economic, social and cultural development of the State of Sergipe and particularly the Legislative Power or exceptional merit, have become worthy of Special recognition. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Medal of the Order of Parliamentary Merit in Sergipe (Portuguese: Medalha da Ordem do Mérito Parlamentar em Sergipe ) is the highest distinction of the Legislative Assembly of the Brazilian state of Sergipe, jurídicas It is a medal intended for people or foreigners who, through services, in their spheres, have contributed to the enhancement of the economic, social and cultural development of the State of Sergipe and particularly the Legislative Power or exceptional merit, have become worthy of Special recognition.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Medal of the Order of Parliamentary Merit in Sergipe is the highest distinction of the Legislative Assembly of the Brazilian state of Sergipe, jurídicas It is a medal intended for people or foreigners who, through services, in their spheres, have contributed to the enhancement of the economic, social and cultural development of the State of Sergipe and particularly the Legislative Power or exceptional merit, have become worthy of Special recognition. | 2023-12-05T23:34:10Z | 2023-12-14T00:52:19Z | [
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75,494,141 | João Pedro (footballer, born 2003) | João Pedro da Cruz Oliveira (born 2 February 2003), known as João Pedro, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Cruzeiro.
Born in Paracambi, Rio de Janeiro, João Pedro played for the youth sides of Flamengo before moving abroad in January 2022, with Real Valladolid. After playing for the Juvenil team, he made his senior debut with the latter's reserves on 8 October of that year, coming on as a late substitute in a 3–2 Segunda Federación home win over Gimnástica de Torrelavega.
On 14 July 2023, João Pedro joined Cruzeiro, being initially assigned to the under-20 squad. He made his professional – and Série A – debut on 3 December, replacing Bruno Rodrigues late into a 0–0 away draw against Botafogo. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "João Pedro da Cruz Oliveira (born 2 February 2003), known as João Pedro, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Cruzeiro.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Paracambi, Rio de Janeiro, João Pedro played for the youth sides of Flamengo before moving abroad in January 2022, with Real Valladolid. After playing for the Juvenil team, he made his senior debut with the latter's reserves on 8 October of that year, coming on as a late substitute in a 3–2 Segunda Federación home win over Gimnástica de Torrelavega.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 14 July 2023, João Pedro joined Cruzeiro, being initially assigned to the under-20 squad. He made his professional – and Série A – debut on 3 December, replacing Bruno Rodrigues late into a 0–0 away draw against Botafogo.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | João Pedro da Cruz Oliveira, known as João Pedro, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Cruzeiro. | 2023-12-05T23:35:27Z | 2023-12-05T23:35:54Z | [
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75,494,173 | Ma'an school airstrike | On 5 December 2023, an Israeli airstrike bombed the Ma'an School in the city of Khan Yunis near the Nasser Medical Complex, which was being used by the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNRWA) as a shelter. At least 25 people were killed in the attack, with multiple injuries reported.
An Israeli missile fell on Ma'an School in the morning, when thousands of people were living in the school at the time of the attack. The school is near the Nasser Medical Complex, and since the end of the truce, the hospital has witnessed a series of airstrikes targeting the areas adjacent to the medical complex.
Hamas claimed the attack led to the death of at least 25 people and injuries. Among the dead were also children. The Palestinian Ministry of Health said that dozens of others were injured. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On 5 December 2023, an Israeli airstrike bombed the Ma'an School in the city of Khan Yunis near the Nasser Medical Complex, which was being used by the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNRWA) as a shelter. At least 25 people were killed in the attack, with multiple injuries reported.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "An Israeli missile fell on Ma'an School in the morning, when thousands of people were living in the school at the time of the attack. The school is near the Nasser Medical Complex, and since the end of the truce, the hospital has witnessed a series of airstrikes targeting the areas adjacent to the medical complex.",
"title": "Event"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Hamas claimed the attack led to the death of at least 25 people and injuries. Among the dead were also children. The Palestinian Ministry of Health said that dozens of others were injured.",
"title": "Casualties"
}
] | On 5 December 2023, an Israeli airstrike bombed the Ma'an School in the city of Khan Yunis near the Nasser Medical Complex, which was being used by the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNRWA) as a shelter. At least 25 people were killed in the attack, with multiple injuries reported. | 2023-12-05T23:37:20Z | 2023-12-17T22:39:02Z | [
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75,494,245 | Angèle Sydow | Angèle Sydow (Śmiłowo, Poland 15 March 1890–The Hague, The Netherlands 18 December 1960) was a Polish–Dutch dancer. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Angèle Sydow (Śmiłowo, Poland 15 March 1890–The Hague, The Netherlands 18 December 1960) was a Polish–Dutch dancer.",
"title": ""
}
] | Angèle Sydow was a Polish–Dutch dancer. | 2023-12-05T23:43:06Z | 2023-12-13T13:42:28Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ang%C3%A8le_Sydow |
75,494,274 | Anne Hart (actress) | Anne Maud Corbett (née Hart; 26 April 1933 – 5 November 2023) was an English actress, dancer, singer and comedian. She was the wife of comedian and actor Ronnie Corbett.
Hart, as an actress, was often referred to as Britain's answer to both Hollywood's Jane Russell and Broadway's Ethel Merman.
Anne Maud Hart was born at St Thomas' Hospital in Lambeth, London, on 26 April 1933, as the third of six children to Doris Emily (née Davis), a housewife, and Marvin Hart, a former light heavyweight boxer. She grew up in South London.
Hart was trained at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in London. She later graduated with her Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.
Hart made her West End debut as a child in the Christmas show Where The Rainbow Ends. She also performed in child roles in operas at Covent Garden.
Hart made her television debut in 1955, at the age of 22, as a regular on Saturday Night at the London Palladium with Tommy Trinder. She made her final television appearance during an episode of The Many Faces of... on 1 January 2016.
Hart made her theatre debut as the leading lady in Clown Jewels in 1959. She also appeared with the comedy troupe The Crazy Gang in Young at Hart in 1962.
Hart made her debut as an actress with the role of a music hall singer during an episode of the 1965 series Sherlock Holmes. She made her final appearance as an actress portraying Stooge during the 1975 production of Max Wall: Funny Man.
Hart retired to look after her family.
Hart married the Four Jones Boys singer John H. Padley at the Holy Trinity Church in Wallington, Surrey, on 15 October 1957. The couple divorced in 1965. Hart later said, "John was a nice guy and he was never unkind to me. He was just never there. He would come back from touring, I would iron his shirts and he would leave again. In the end, he moved out of my house and we separated."
Hart married the comedian and actor Ronnie Corbett at Brixton registry office on 30 May 1966. The couple had two daughters, Emma and Sophie. Their first child, Andrew, had a heart defect and died when he was six weeks old, at St Thomas' Hospital, in London. Hart said in 2013, "I don't think either of us ever quite got over it. We still think of him all the time." She had four grandchildren. Hart and Corbett first met in the late 1950s, while she was working as a dancer at Winston's, Hanover Square, a club owned by Danny La Rue, and he was an up-and-coming comedian. The couple were married for 49 years until her husband's death on 31 March 2016. Hart later told the Daily Mail, "There has been an empty feeling since Ron has gone... An emptiness, yes, that's what it is. But I think and hope that I am slowly emerging from the mist."
Hart and Corbett lived in a seven bedroom property named Fairways located in Addington, London, from 1970 to 2003. The couple also owned a Scottish home named Muirfield Wood located in Gullane, East Lothian.
Hart was dyslexic. She suffered with double pneumonia between January and February 2012. She was taken into hospital after suffering a health scare on 18 April 2016, the day of her husband's funeral. She was treated for a hip fracture in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh following a fall at Muirfield Wood in the months leading up to her death.
Hart died at Muirfield Wood in the early hours of 5 November 2023. She was 90. Her death was announced to the public the following day in a statement by her youngest daughter Sophie:
"We lost my darling Mum at one o'clock in the morning. She was an amazing woman, and my sister Emma and I, and all four of her grandchildren, Tom, Tilly, Dylan and Billy, will love and miss her for ever. We will be bringing her home to Abingdon, near Croydon, which is where the family lived when my Dad was alive." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Anne Maud Corbett (née Hart; 26 April 1933 – 5 November 2023) was an English actress, dancer, singer and comedian. She was the wife of comedian and actor Ronnie Corbett.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Hart, as an actress, was often referred to as Britain's answer to both Hollywood's Jane Russell and Broadway's Ethel Merman.",
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"text": "Anne Maud Hart was born at St Thomas' Hospital in Lambeth, London, on 26 April 1933, as the third of six children to Doris Emily (née Davis), a housewife, and Marvin Hart, a former light heavyweight boxer. She grew up in South London.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Hart was trained at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in London. She later graduated with her Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Hart made her West End debut as a child in the Christmas show Where The Rainbow Ends. She also performed in child roles in operas at Covent Garden.",
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Hart made her television debut in 1955, at the age of 22, as a regular on Saturday Night at the London Palladium with Tommy Trinder. She made her final television appearance during an episode of The Many Faces of... on 1 January 2016.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Hart made her theatre debut as the leading lady in Clown Jewels in 1959. She also appeared with the comedy troupe The Crazy Gang in Young at Hart in 1962.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Hart made her debut as an actress with the role of a music hall singer during an episode of the 1965 series Sherlock Holmes. She made her final appearance as an actress portraying Stooge during the 1975 production of Max Wall: Funny Man.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Hart retired to look after her family.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Hart married the Four Jones Boys singer John H. Padley at the Holy Trinity Church in Wallington, Surrey, on 15 October 1957. The couple divorced in 1965. Hart later said, \"John was a nice guy and he was never unkind to me. He was just never there. He would come back from touring, I would iron his shirts and he would leave again. In the end, he moved out of my house and we separated.\"",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Hart married the comedian and actor Ronnie Corbett at Brixton registry office on 30 May 1966. The couple had two daughters, Emma and Sophie. Their first child, Andrew, had a heart defect and died when he was six weeks old, at St Thomas' Hospital, in London. Hart said in 2013, \"I don't think either of us ever quite got over it. We still think of him all the time.\" She had four grandchildren. Hart and Corbett first met in the late 1950s, while she was working as a dancer at Winston's, Hanover Square, a club owned by Danny La Rue, and he was an up-and-coming comedian. The couple were married for 49 years until her husband's death on 31 March 2016. Hart later told the Daily Mail, \"There has been an empty feeling since Ron has gone... An emptiness, yes, that's what it is. But I think and hope that I am slowly emerging from the mist.\"",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Hart and Corbett lived in a seven bedroom property named Fairways located in Addington, London, from 1970 to 2003. The couple also owned a Scottish home named Muirfield Wood located in Gullane, East Lothian.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Hart was dyslexic. She suffered with double pneumonia between January and February 2012. She was taken into hospital after suffering a health scare on 18 April 2016, the day of her husband's funeral. She was treated for a hip fracture in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh following a fall at Muirfield Wood in the months leading up to her death.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Hart died at Muirfield Wood in the early hours of 5 November 2023. She was 90. Her death was announced to the public the following day in a statement by her youngest daughter Sophie:",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "\"We lost my darling Mum at one o'clock in the morning. She was an amazing woman, and my sister Emma and I, and all four of her grandchildren, Tom, Tilly, Dylan and Billy, will love and miss her for ever. We will be bringing her home to Abingdon, near Croydon, which is where the family lived when my Dad was alive.\"",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "",
"title": "Filmography"
}
] | Anne Maud Corbett was an English actress, dancer, singer and comedian. She was the wife of comedian and actor Ronnie Corbett. Hart, as an actress, was often referred to as Britain's answer to both Hollywood's Jane Russell and Broadway's Ethel Merman. | 2023-12-05T23:45:24Z | 2023-12-27T00:01:23Z | [
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75,494,275 | Andreas Rafi | Andreas Rafi Dvořáček (born 24 April 2002) is a Spanish field hockey player, who plays as a midfielder.
In 2023, Rafi joined Mannheimer in the German Bundesliga.
Rafi made his debut for the Junior Red Sticks in 2022, at the EuroHockey Junior Championship in Ghent.
In 2023 Rafi was named captain of the junior national team. He lead the team at a Four–Nations tournament in Düsseldorf, as well as the FIH Junior World Cup in Kuala Lumpur.
Rafi made his senior international debut for the Red Sticks in 2022, during season three of the FIH Pro League.
He is currently a member of the national squad. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Andreas Rafi Dvořáček (born 24 April 2002) is a Spanish field hockey player, who plays as a midfielder.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 2023, Rafi joined Mannheimer in the German Bundesliga.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Rafi made his debut for the Junior Red Sticks in 2022, at the EuroHockey Junior Championship in Ghent.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2023 Rafi was named captain of the junior national team. He lead the team at a Four–Nations tournament in Düsseldorf, as well as the FIH Junior World Cup in Kuala Lumpur.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Rafi made his senior international debut for the Red Sticks in 2022, during season three of the FIH Pro League.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "He is currently a member of the national squad.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Andreas Rafi Dvořáček is a Spanish field hockey player, who plays as a midfielder. | 2023-12-05T23:45:25Z | 2023-12-24T07:25:27Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Rafi |
75,494,305 | Lucas Ronier | Lucas Ronier Vieira Pires (born 26 November 2004), known as Lucas Ronier, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Coritiba.
Born in Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná, Lucas Ronier joined Coritiba's youth setup in 2013, aged eight. On 19 December 2022, he signed a new contract with the club, being also promoted to the first team.
Lucas Ronier made his professional – and Série A – debut on 3 December 2023, coming on as a late substitute for Robson in a 1–0 away loss against Red Bull Bragantino, as his side were already relegated. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Lucas Ronier Vieira Pires (born 26 November 2004), known as Lucas Ronier, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Coritiba.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná, Lucas Ronier joined Coritiba's youth setup in 2013, aged eight. On 19 December 2022, he signed a new contract with the club, being also promoted to the first team.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lucas Ronier made his professional – and Série A – debut on 3 December 2023, coming on as a late substitute for Robson in a 1–0 away loss against Red Bull Bragantino, as his side were already relegated.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Lucas Ronier Vieira Pires, known as Lucas Ronier, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Coritiba. | 2023-12-05T23:48:41Z | 2023-12-05T23:48:47Z | [
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75,494,328 | List of Sejm members (1957–1961) | Deputies to the 2nd Sejm of the Polish People's Republic were elected during the 1957 Polish parliamentary election, which took place on January 20, 1957. The first session was held on February 20, 1957, and the last, the 59th session, on February 17, 1961. The term of office of the Sejm lasted from February 20, 1957 to February 20, 1961.
Re-elections:
Bye-elections:
Political party affiliations at the first session of the Sejm of the second term and the status at the end of the term. | [
{
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"title": "Presidium of the Sejm of the 2nd term"
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"title": "Presidium of the Sejm of the 2nd term"
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"text": "Political party affiliations at the first session of the Sejm of the second term and the status at the end of the term.",
"title": "Presidium of the Sejm of the 2nd term"
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] | Deputies to the 2nd Sejm of the Polish People's Republic were elected during the 1957 Polish parliamentary election, which took place on January 20, 1957. The first session was held on February 20, 1957, and the last, the 59th session, on February 17, 1961. The term of office of the Sejm lasted from February 20, 1957 to February 20, 1961. Re-elections: in the electoral district no. 37 in Nowy Sącz - March 17, 1957 Bye-elections: in the electoral district no. 54 in Wieluń - May 5, 1957
in the electoral district no. 36 in Myślenice - October 19, 1958
in the electoral district no. 108 in Oleśnica - October 19, 1958 Political party affiliations at the first session of the Sejm of the second term and the status at the end of the term. | 2023-12-05T23:50:06Z | 2023-12-28T12:28:24Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sejm_members_(1957%E2%80%931961) |
75,494,357 | The Golden Shanty (story) | "The Golden Shanty" is a humorous short story by Australian writer Edward Dyson. It was first published in the 24 December 1887 issue of The Bulletin, and later included in the author's short story collection, Below and On Top, and in many short story anthologies. It was originally published under the title "The Profitable Pub". It is also known by the title "A Golden Shanty".
The Shamrock Hotel stands on an abandoned goldfield near Ballarat in Victoria. It is owned by Irish-Australian publication Michael Doyle. After some local Chinese fossickers offer him £50 for the building, which he accepts, Doyle discovers that the hotel is made from high-yielding, gold-bearing clay bricks.
The story was also reprinted in a number of Australian newspapers. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"The Golden Shanty\" is a humorous short story by Australian writer Edward Dyson. It was first published in the 24 December 1887 issue of The Bulletin, and later included in the author's short story collection, Below and On Top, and in many short story anthologies. It was originally published under the title \"The Profitable Pub\". It is also known by the title \"A Golden Shanty\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Shamrock Hotel stands on an abandoned goldfield near Ballarat in Victoria. It is owned by Irish-Australian publication Michael Doyle. After some local Chinese fossickers offer him £50 for the building, which he accepts, Doyle discovers that the hotel is made from high-yielding, gold-bearing clay bricks.",
"title": "Plot summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The story was also reprinted in a number of Australian newspapers.",
"title": "Further publications"
}
] | "The Golden Shanty" is a humorous short story by Australian writer Edward Dyson. It was first published in the 24 December 1887 issue of The Bulletin, and later included in the author's short story collection, Below and On Top, and in many short story anthologies. It was originally published under the title "The Profitable Pub". It is also known by the title "A Golden Shanty". | 2023-12-05T23:51:15Z | 2023-12-05T23:51:15Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use Australian English",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox short story",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Golden_Shanty_(story) |
75,494,430 | Alexander Kølpin (ballet dancer) | Alexander Kølpin (born 1 June 1965) is a Danish former ballet dancer. He had later worked as theatre director and actor. He and his father Jes Kølpin own the hotel group Kølpin Hotels , with Hotel Sanders in Copenhagen and Helenekilde Badehotel and Tsivildeleje Strandhotel in Tisvilde.
Kølpin was born on 1 June 1965 in Charlottenlund north of Copenhagen. He is the son of architect and theatre director Jes Kølpin and designer Mugge Kølpin, (née Helen Gerd Hansen). He was admitted to the Royal Danish Ballet's ballet school in 1978.
Kølpin was associated the Royal Danish Ballet from 1881. In 1888, he was appointed solo dancerat the Royal Danish Ballet.
Kølåomm left the Royal Danish Ballet in 1995. In 1991, Kølpin founded Copenhagen International Ballet. In 1002, he was awarded the Prix Benois de la Danse in the Danseur category.In 1995-96, he was associated Béjart Ballet in Switzerland. In 1997-99, he was associated the Twyla Tharp in New York.
In 2001, he created a modern interpretation of Sylfiden at Østre Gasværk Teater.
In 1997, Kølpin had a minor role in the Susanne Bier-directed feature film Sekten. In 2005, he appeared as himself in an episode of the TV2 sitcom Klovn. In 2006, he created the short film Under bæltestedet. In 2008, he created the documentary film Min svigerfar about his father-in-law Peter Zobel.
He has also appeared as an actor in Lars Kaalund's musical Casino Moonlight (2004).
Kølpin and his father Jes Kølpin own Kølpin Hotels. The hotel group owns Hotel Sanders in Copenhagen and the beach hotels Helenekilde Badehotel and Tisvildeleje Strandhotel in Tisvilde.
Kølpin was for a while married to the 17 years older former ballet dancer and educator Anne Marie Vessel. They are the parents of actor Niclas Vessel Kølåon (born 1985).
In July 1999, he married psychologist Sarah Mia Zobel Kølpin (18-01-1974). They divorced in 2012. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alexander Kølpin (born 1 June 1965) is a Danish former ballet dancer. He had later worked as theatre director and actor. He and his father Jes Kølpin own the hotel group Kølpin Hotels , with Hotel Sanders in Copenhagen and Helenekilde Badehotel and Tsivildeleje Strandhotel in Tisvilde.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kølpin was born on 1 June 1965 in Charlottenlund north of Copenhagen. He is the son of architect and theatre director Jes Kølpin and designer Mugge Kølpin, (née Helen Gerd Hansen). He was admitted to the Royal Danish Ballet's ballet school in 1978.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Kølpin was associated the Royal Danish Ballet from 1881. In 1888, he was appointed solo dancerat the Royal Danish Ballet.",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Kølåomm left the Royal Danish Ballet in 1995. In 1991, Kølpin founded Copenhagen International Ballet. In 1002, he was awarded the Prix Benois de la Danse in the Danseur category.In 1995-96, he was associated Béjart Ballet in Switzerland. In 1997-99, he was associated the Twyla Tharp in New York.",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2001, he created a modern interpretation of Sylfiden at Østre Gasværk Teater.",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1997, Kølpin had a minor role in the Susanne Bier-directed feature film Sekten. In 2005, he appeared as himself in an episode of the TV2 sitcom Klovn. In 2006, he created the short film Under bæltestedet. In 2008, he created the documentary film Min svigerfar about his father-in-law Peter Zobel.",
"title": "Film, television and theatre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He has also appeared as an actor in Lars Kaalund's musical Casino Moonlight (2004).",
"title": "Film, television and theatre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Kølpin and his father Jes Kølpin own Kølpin Hotels. The hotel group owns Hotel Sanders in Copenhagen and the beach hotels Helenekilde Badehotel and Tisvildeleje Strandhotel in Tisvilde.",
"title": "Kølpin Hotels"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Kølpin was for a while married to the 17 years older former ballet dancer and educator Anne Marie Vessel. They are the parents of actor Niclas Vessel Kølåon (born 1985).",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In July 1999, he married psychologist Sarah Mia Zobel Kølpin (18-01-1974). They divorced in 2012.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Alexander Kølpin is a Danish former ballet dancer. He had later worked as theatre director and actor. He and his father Jes Kølpin own the hotel group Kølpin Hotels, with Hotel Sanders in Copenhagen and Helenekilde Badehotel and Tsivildeleje Strandhotel in Tisvilde. | 2023-12-05T23:55:37Z | 2023-12-20T13:44:03Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_K%C3%B8lpin_(ballet_dancer) |
75,494,445 | Seepage siren | The seepage siren (Siren sphagnicola) is a species of aquatic salamander in the family Sirenidae. It was described as a new species in 2023 by Fedler et al. The species is notable for being the smallest described siren species and is distinguished by several unique morphological features.
The discovery of Siren sphagnicola highlights the ongoing description of new species in the Gulf Coastal Plain, a global biodiversity hotspot. This discovery, along with others like the reticulated or leopard siren (Siren reticulata) described in 2018, underscores the importance of habitat protection and the need for further research to understand these species' roles in their ecosystems.
Siren sphagnicola is found in robust and widely distributed populations in suitable microhabitats in the Blackwater and Yellow river drainages and the western two-thirds of Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The seepage siren (Siren sphagnicola) is a species of aquatic salamander in the family Sirenidae. It was described as a new species in 2023 by Fedler et al. The species is notable for being the smallest described siren species and is distinguished by several unique morphological features.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The discovery of Siren sphagnicola highlights the ongoing description of new species in the Gulf Coastal Plain, a global biodiversity hotspot. This discovery, along with others like the reticulated or leopard siren (Siren reticulata) described in 2018, underscores the importance of habitat protection and the need for further research to understand these species' roles in their ecosystems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Siren sphagnicola is found in robust and widely distributed populations in suitable microhabitats in the Blackwater and Yellow river drainages and the western two-thirds of Eglin Air Force Base in Florida.",
"title": "Natural history and distribution"
}
] | The seepage siren is a species of aquatic salamander in the family Sirenidae. It was described as a new species in 2023 by Fedler et al. The species is notable for being the smallest described siren species and is distinguished by several unique morphological features. The discovery of Siren sphagnicola highlights the ongoing description of new species in the Gulf Coastal Plain, a global biodiversity hotspot. This discovery, along with others like the reticulated or leopard siren described in 2018, underscores the importance of habitat protection and the need for further research to understand these species' roles in their ecosystems. | 2023-12-05T23:56:27Z | 2023-12-21T15:37:35Z | [
"Template:Speciesbox",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Taxonbar"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seepage_siren |
75,494,446 | Khalji Revolution | The Khalji Revolution, also spelled Khilji Revolution, was a military coup and period of political and societal change in the Delhi Sultanate. It began as a result of the death of Mamluk Sultan Balban and the failure of his successors to properly rule the Delhi Sultanate. The conflict began and ended in 1290 when Jalaluddin Khalji seized complete power, deposing the Mamluks and beginning the reign of the Khalji dynasty.
Following the death of Balban, his minor grandson Qaiqabad ascended the throne of Delhi. Qaiqabad fell into debauchery, taking little care for ruling. Qaiqabad later became ill and paralyzed, leading to the accession of his infant son, Shamsuddin Kayumars. During this period turmoil, factions rose in the court of the Mamluks, between the Turkish faction led by Aitmar Surkah, and the Khalji faction, led by Jalaluddin Khalji.
Conflict erupted between both factions, with the Khaljis abducting Shamsuddin, the infant king. The Turkish party and the Khaljis met in battle, which saw the defeat of the Turks. Following the defeat, much of the Turkic nobility quickly defected to the Khalji faction. With the Infant Sultan under him, and Qaiqabad nearing his death, Jalaluddin asserted himself as regent and wazir, eventually seizing complete power and toppling Shamsuddin from power, ascending the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in June 1290.
With the success of the revolution, the Khalji dynasty replaced the Mamluk dynasty, and began ruling the Delhi Sultanate. Jalaluddin ruled for only six years until he was assassinated by his nephew, Alauddin Khalji. The revolution saw the end of Turkish dominance over the nobility of the Delhi Sultanate.
The Mamluks were established in 1206 after the Ghurid Empire led numerous invasions into India, being founded by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, who was a slave of Ghurid overlord, Muhammad of Ghor. Qutb ud-Din led numerous campaigns against neighboring Indian kingdoms under Muhammad of Ghor's reign, earning him the right to rule over the Delhi Sultanate. The height of the Mamluks was during the reign of Iltutmish, who significantly expanded the Sultanate and led numerous reforms. Eventually, Balban ascended the throne in 1266, and continued to upkeep the strength of the Delhi Sultanate. Balban died in 1286, being succeeded by his grandson, Qaiqabad. Qaiqabad was raised to follow Islamic principles. However, as he ascended the throne, he followed a hedonistic lifestyle. As a result, the administrative reforms demonstrated by Balban declined. Capitalizing off of Qaiqabad's complication, Malik Nizamuddin became the de facto regent of the Sultanate, and began consolidating power for himself by placing loyalists under him in powerful positions.
Bughra Khan, the father of Qaiqabad, noticing that Nizamuddin was obtaining power rapidly, as well as having Qaiqabad kill other rival Amirs through intrigue, wrote letters to Qaiqabad informing him of the possible threat. Qaiqabad failed to recognize his father's advise, and as a result, Bughra Khan decided to personally meet his son from his residence in Bengal. Amir Khusrau and Barani differ on the accounts of how they met. Amir Khusrau states that Bughra Khan wished to seize Delhi for himself. Upon advancing to Bihar, Qaiqabad marched out of the city and prepared for conflict. Barani states that Qaiqabad himself first drew up an army to meet his father. Nizamuddin attempted to cause conflict between both of them, but failed in doing so. Bughra Khan informed Qaiqabad to abstain from drinking wine and engaging in sexual pleasure with concubines, as well as informing him to remove Nizamuddin from his position from power. After his father left, Qaiqabad attempted to refrain from engaging in drinking wine and debauchery, but returned to indulging in such soon after. Nizamuddin was informed by Qaiqabad to return to Multan to oversee administrative affairs there. However, after delaying his trip, Turkish officers that were secretly given permission by Qaiqabad, poisoned and killed Nizamuddin.
The assassination of Nizamuddin damaged the administrative capabilities of the government. As a result, leading to Qaiqabad calling upon Jalaluddin Khalji, who was the governor of Samana. Upon Jalaluddin's arrival, Qaiqabad bestowed upon him the title of Shaista Khan, as well as naming him minister of war, and giving governorship of Baran. However, Jalaluddin's position became increasingly coveted by other Turkish nobles, who were against other groups from rising to power as they saw him as a low-born Afghan, although in reality, himself being of Turko-Afghan origin. This led to a power struggle for influence over the court, which continued to grow following the paralysis of Qaiqabad, leading to Aitmar Surkah and Aitmar Kachhan placing Qaiqabad's infant son, Shamsuddin Kayumars, on the throne of Delhi in February 1290. Surkah and Kachhan wished to continue the dominance of a Turkish nobility.
With the ascension of Shamsuddin, two factions arose in the Mamluk court. The Turkish party which was led by Aitmar Surkah and Aitmar Kachhan, while the Khalji faction was led by Jalaluddin Khalji. Aitmar Surkah and Aitmar Kachhan, believing that only Turks should hold positions of power, began a conspiracy against Jalaluddin's faction, with a list of all nobles they wished to put to death being formed, and Jalaluddin at the top. Ahmad Chap, the Hajib of the Mamluks, informed Jalaluddin of the arising plot. Believing that Delhi was no longer safe, Jalaluddin left for Baharpur, assembling men from Baran with the reason that a Mongol invasion was looming, also being accompanied by loyalists and relatives.
Following this, a plot was hatched by Surkah and Kachhan, which began with a letter being sent to Jalaluddin addressing him as emperor. Another account states that it was just a letter requesting him to bring himself to court. Nonetheless, as Kachhan arrived to Jalaluddin's camp, he was pulled from his horse and killed by Alauddin Khalji, officially starting conflict between the two factions.
Jalaluddin's sons rode quickly to Delhi, accompanied by around 50 horsemen, capturing Shamsuddin and riding to Baharpur. Aitmar Surkah quickly followed in pursuit of them and engaged in battle near Baharpur. In one engagement, Ikhtiyaruddin, the eldest son of Jalaluddin, was thrown from his horse, and engaged in single combat in Aitmar Surkah. Surkah quickly struck Ikhtiyaruddin two or three times, but none of these strikes were wounding, allowing Ikhtiyaruddin to draw his sword and decapitate Aitmar Surkah. Following this, a revolt broke out in Delhi. The rebels wished to march to Baharpur, and return Shamsuddin to power. However, Malikul'umra halted the rebels at the gate of Badaon, preventing them from leaving to fight the Khaljis due to his own sons being held captive by Jalaluddin. With the death of Aitmar Surkah, and the rebels having been dispersed, many of the Turkish Amirs switched sides to the Khaljis, significantly adding to their strength.
With Jalaluddin now without opposition, he had Qaiqabad, who was clinging unto life due to his illness, killed by drowning him in the Yamuna River by wrapping him in a carpet and throwing it over on 1 February 1290. Despite his powerful position, Jalaluddin initially allowed Shamsuddin to continue ruling, seating him at Baharpur while also opening negotiations with Malik Chajju, a nephew of Balban. Jalaluddin offered Malik Chajju to serve as regent, to which Malik Chajju instead preferred the governorship of Kara, and upon approval from Jalaluddin, left for it. Jalaluddin then took up office of becoming the regent and wazir of the Sultanate. Eventually, Jalaluddin seized complete power, crowning himself in Kilughari palace, a suburb in Delhi, in June 1290. Shamsuddin was thrown in prison following this, dying sometime afterward.
With the rise of the Khalji dynasty and the ascension of Jalaluddin, Turkish dominance power over the nobility of the Sultanate was crushed, with many non-Turks becoming predominant instead of Turks. The Khaljis would rule over the Delhi Sultanate from 1290 to 1320, being replaced by the Tughlaq dynasty. Jalaluddin only ruled for six years before being assassinated by his ambitious nephew, Alauddin Khalji, who would significantly expand the Sultanate in his reign from 1296 to 1316. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Khalji Revolution, also spelled Khilji Revolution, was a military coup and period of political and societal change in the Delhi Sultanate. It began as a result of the death of Mamluk Sultan Balban and the failure of his successors to properly rule the Delhi Sultanate. The conflict began and ended in 1290 when Jalaluddin Khalji seized complete power, deposing the Mamluks and beginning the reign of the Khalji dynasty.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Following the death of Balban, his minor grandson Qaiqabad ascended the throne of Delhi. Qaiqabad fell into debauchery, taking little care for ruling. Qaiqabad later became ill and paralyzed, leading to the accession of his infant son, Shamsuddin Kayumars. During this period turmoil, factions rose in the court of the Mamluks, between the Turkish faction led by Aitmar Surkah, and the Khalji faction, led by Jalaluddin Khalji.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Conflict erupted between both factions, with the Khaljis abducting Shamsuddin, the infant king. The Turkish party and the Khaljis met in battle, which saw the defeat of the Turks. Following the defeat, much of the Turkic nobility quickly defected to the Khalji faction. With the Infant Sultan under him, and Qaiqabad nearing his death, Jalaluddin asserted himself as regent and wazir, eventually seizing complete power and toppling Shamsuddin from power, ascending the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in June 1290.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "With the success of the revolution, the Khalji dynasty replaced the Mamluk dynasty, and began ruling the Delhi Sultanate. Jalaluddin ruled for only six years until he was assassinated by his nephew, Alauddin Khalji. The revolution saw the end of Turkish dominance over the nobility of the Delhi Sultanate.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Mamluks were established in 1206 after the Ghurid Empire led numerous invasions into India, being founded by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, who was a slave of Ghurid overlord, Muhammad of Ghor. Qutb ud-Din led numerous campaigns against neighboring Indian kingdoms under Muhammad of Ghor's reign, earning him the right to rule over the Delhi Sultanate. The height of the Mamluks was during the reign of Iltutmish, who significantly expanded the Sultanate and led numerous reforms. Eventually, Balban ascended the throne in 1266, and continued to upkeep the strength of the Delhi Sultanate. Balban died in 1286, being succeeded by his grandson, Qaiqabad. Qaiqabad was raised to follow Islamic principles. However, as he ascended the throne, he followed a hedonistic lifestyle. As a result, the administrative reforms demonstrated by Balban declined. Capitalizing off of Qaiqabad's complication, Malik Nizamuddin became the de facto regent of the Sultanate, and began consolidating power for himself by placing loyalists under him in powerful positions.",
"title": "Causes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Bughra Khan, the father of Qaiqabad, noticing that Nizamuddin was obtaining power rapidly, as well as having Qaiqabad kill other rival Amirs through intrigue, wrote letters to Qaiqabad informing him of the possible threat. Qaiqabad failed to recognize his father's advise, and as a result, Bughra Khan decided to personally meet his son from his residence in Bengal. Amir Khusrau and Barani differ on the accounts of how they met. Amir Khusrau states that Bughra Khan wished to seize Delhi for himself. Upon advancing to Bihar, Qaiqabad marched out of the city and prepared for conflict. Barani states that Qaiqabad himself first drew up an army to meet his father. Nizamuddin attempted to cause conflict between both of them, but failed in doing so. Bughra Khan informed Qaiqabad to abstain from drinking wine and engaging in sexual pleasure with concubines, as well as informing him to remove Nizamuddin from his position from power. After his father left, Qaiqabad attempted to refrain from engaging in drinking wine and debauchery, but returned to indulging in such soon after. Nizamuddin was informed by Qaiqabad to return to Multan to oversee administrative affairs there. However, after delaying his trip, Turkish officers that were secretly given permission by Qaiqabad, poisoned and killed Nizamuddin.",
"title": "Causes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The assassination of Nizamuddin damaged the administrative capabilities of the government. As a result, leading to Qaiqabad calling upon Jalaluddin Khalji, who was the governor of Samana. Upon Jalaluddin's arrival, Qaiqabad bestowed upon him the title of Shaista Khan, as well as naming him minister of war, and giving governorship of Baran. However, Jalaluddin's position became increasingly coveted by other Turkish nobles, who were against other groups from rising to power as they saw him as a low-born Afghan, although in reality, himself being of Turko-Afghan origin. This led to a power struggle for influence over the court, which continued to grow following the paralysis of Qaiqabad, leading to Aitmar Surkah and Aitmar Kachhan placing Qaiqabad's infant son, Shamsuddin Kayumars, on the throne of Delhi in February 1290. Surkah and Kachhan wished to continue the dominance of a Turkish nobility.",
"title": "Causes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "With the ascension of Shamsuddin, two factions arose in the Mamluk court. The Turkish party which was led by Aitmar Surkah and Aitmar Kachhan, while the Khalji faction was led by Jalaluddin Khalji. Aitmar Surkah and Aitmar Kachhan, believing that only Turks should hold positions of power, began a conspiracy against Jalaluddin's faction, with a list of all nobles they wished to put to death being formed, and Jalaluddin at the top. Ahmad Chap, the Hajib of the Mamluks, informed Jalaluddin of the arising plot. Believing that Delhi was no longer safe, Jalaluddin left for Baharpur, assembling men from Baran with the reason that a Mongol invasion was looming, also being accompanied by loyalists and relatives.",
"title": "Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Following this, a plot was hatched by Surkah and Kachhan, which began with a letter being sent to Jalaluddin addressing him as emperor. Another account states that it was just a letter requesting him to bring himself to court. Nonetheless, as Kachhan arrived to Jalaluddin's camp, he was pulled from his horse and killed by Alauddin Khalji, officially starting conflict between the two factions.",
"title": "Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Jalaluddin's sons rode quickly to Delhi, accompanied by around 50 horsemen, capturing Shamsuddin and riding to Baharpur. Aitmar Surkah quickly followed in pursuit of them and engaged in battle near Baharpur. In one engagement, Ikhtiyaruddin, the eldest son of Jalaluddin, was thrown from his horse, and engaged in single combat in Aitmar Surkah. Surkah quickly struck Ikhtiyaruddin two or three times, but none of these strikes were wounding, allowing Ikhtiyaruddin to draw his sword and decapitate Aitmar Surkah. Following this, a revolt broke out in Delhi. The rebels wished to march to Baharpur, and return Shamsuddin to power. However, Malikul'umra halted the rebels at the gate of Badaon, preventing them from leaving to fight the Khaljis due to his own sons being held captive by Jalaluddin. With the death of Aitmar Surkah, and the rebels having been dispersed, many of the Turkish Amirs switched sides to the Khaljis, significantly adding to their strength.",
"title": "Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "With Jalaluddin now without opposition, he had Qaiqabad, who was clinging unto life due to his illness, killed by drowning him in the Yamuna River by wrapping him in a carpet and throwing it over on 1 February 1290. Despite his powerful position, Jalaluddin initially allowed Shamsuddin to continue ruling, seating him at Baharpur while also opening negotiations with Malik Chajju, a nephew of Balban. Jalaluddin offered Malik Chajju to serve as regent, to which Malik Chajju instead preferred the governorship of Kara, and upon approval from Jalaluddin, left for it. Jalaluddin then took up office of becoming the regent and wazir of the Sultanate. Eventually, Jalaluddin seized complete power, crowning himself in Kilughari palace, a suburb in Delhi, in June 1290. Shamsuddin was thrown in prison following this, dying sometime afterward.",
"title": "Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "With the rise of the Khalji dynasty and the ascension of Jalaluddin, Turkish dominance power over the nobility of the Sultanate was crushed, with many non-Turks becoming predominant instead of Turks. The Khaljis would rule over the Delhi Sultanate from 1290 to 1320, being replaced by the Tughlaq dynasty. Jalaluddin only ruled for six years before being assassinated by his ambitious nephew, Alauddin Khalji, who would significantly expand the Sultanate in his reign from 1296 to 1316.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | The Khalji Revolution, also spelled Khilji Revolution, was a military coup and period of political and societal change in the Delhi Sultanate. It began as a result of the death of Mamluk Sultan Balban and the failure of his successors to properly rule the Delhi Sultanate. The conflict began and ended in 1290 when Jalaluddin Khalji seized complete power, deposing the Mamluks and beginning the reign of the Khalji dynasty. Following the death of Balban, his minor grandson Qaiqabad ascended the throne of Delhi. Qaiqabad fell into debauchery, taking little care for ruling. Qaiqabad later became ill and paralyzed, leading to the accession of his infant son, Shamsuddin Kayumars. During this period turmoil, factions rose in the court of the Mamluks, between the Turkish faction led by Aitmar Surkah, and the Khalji faction, led by Jalaluddin Khalji. Conflict erupted between both factions, with the Khaljis abducting Shamsuddin, the infant king. The Turkish party and the Khaljis met in battle, which saw the defeat of the Turks. Following the defeat, much of the Turkic nobility quickly defected to the Khalji faction. With the Infant Sultan under him, and Qaiqabad nearing his death, Jalaluddin asserted himself as regent and wazir, eventually seizing complete power and toppling Shamsuddin from power, ascending the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in June 1290. With the success of the revolution, the Khalji dynasty replaced the Mamluk dynasty, and began ruling the Delhi Sultanate. Jalaluddin ruled for only six years until he was assassinated by his nephew, Alauddin Khalji. The revolution saw the end of Turkish dominance over the nobility of the Delhi Sultanate. | 2023-12-05T23:56:34Z | 2023-12-28T13:31:54Z | [
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"Template:Infobox military conflict",
"Template:Sfn",
"Template:Efn",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalji_Revolution |
75,494,461 | Ilana Rooderkerk | Ilana Rooderkerk (pronounced [iˈlaːnaː ˈroːdərkɛr(ə)k]; born 4 May 1987) is a Dutch actress, political scientist and politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a member of the House of Representatives since 2023. She previously held a seat in the municipal council of Amsterdam from 2018 to 2023. As an actress, Rooderkerk portrayed the character of Esmée Klein in the soap opera Onderweg naar Morgen from 2005 to 2010.
Rooderkerk was born in Leiderdorp, South Holland. Upon completing her secondary education in 2005, she was cast for the role of Esmée Klein in the soap opera Onderweg naar Morgen, broadcast by BNN. Following the cancellation of the series in 2010, Rooderkerk studied international relations at the University of Amsterdam, obtaining a master's degree in 2014.
Between 2014 and 2021, Rooderkerk worked as a civil servant at the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. She won a seat in the municipal council of Amsterdam in the 2018 municipal election, and was re-elected in the 2022 municipal election. On 22 November 2023, she ran in the 2023 general election as the sixth candidate on the D66 list, and was elected into the House of Representatives. She was installed as MP on 6 December 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ilana Rooderkerk (pronounced [iˈlaːnaː ˈroːdərkɛr(ə)k]; born 4 May 1987) is a Dutch actress, political scientist and politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a member of the House of Representatives since 2023. She previously held a seat in the municipal council of Amsterdam from 2018 to 2023. As an actress, Rooderkerk portrayed the character of Esmée Klein in the soap opera Onderweg naar Morgen from 2005 to 2010.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Rooderkerk was born in Leiderdorp, South Holland. Upon completing her secondary education in 2005, she was cast for the role of Esmée Klein in the soap opera Onderweg naar Morgen, broadcast by BNN. Following the cancellation of the series in 2010, Rooderkerk studied international relations at the University of Amsterdam, obtaining a master's degree in 2014.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Between 2014 and 2021, Rooderkerk worked as a civil servant at the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. She won a seat in the municipal council of Amsterdam in the 2018 municipal election, and was re-elected in the 2022 municipal election. On 22 November 2023, she ran in the 2023 general election as the sixth candidate on the D66 list, and was elected into the House of Representatives. She was installed as MP on 6 December 2023.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Ilana Rooderkerk is a Dutch actress, political scientist and politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a member of the House of Representatives since 2023. She previously held a seat in the municipal council of Amsterdam from 2018 to 2023. As an actress, Rooderkerk portrayed the character of Esmée Klein in the soap opera Onderweg naar Morgen from 2005 to 2010. | 2023-12-05T23:57:27Z | 2023-12-29T17:39:50Z | [
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75,494,546 | Mohamed Akotey | Mohamed Akotey is a Nigerien politician of Ifoghas Tuareg heritage and former rebel leader.
Akotey was born around 1967 in the village of Tidene, just north of Agadez. He studied geography in Niamey, and later left to study archaeology at Sorbonne University.
On December 15, 1995, his uncle Mano Dayak, the head of Temoust Liberation Front, died in a plane accident during the Tuareg rebellion. Akotey was urged by his family to lead the Coordination of Armed Resistance, a coalition of anti-government Tuareg groups led by Dayak that included the TLF. Unlike Dayak, however, Akotey joined government negotiations and made amends with Rhissa Ag Boula, another Tuareg leader who had a rivalry with Dayak.
Akotey was appointed Nigerien Minister of the Environment and Fight Against Desertification in 2007 by Mamadou Tandja.
In 2008, Akotey resigned from his post to become chairman of the board of directors of Imouraren SA, which controlled the Imouraren mine. In 2010, Salou Djibo entrusted Akotey with securing the release of the Arlit hostages kidnapped on September 16, 2010. This role continued under the Issoufou administration. Akotey helped release the hostages on October 27, 2013, after mediating with jihadist leader Ibrahim Ag Inawalen. After the release of the Arlit hostages, Akotey negotiated the release of Serge Lazarevic, who was kidnapped in Mali in 2012. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mohamed Akotey is a Nigerien politician of Ifoghas Tuareg heritage and former rebel leader.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Akotey was born around 1967 in the village of Tidene, just north of Agadez. He studied geography in Niamey, and later left to study archaeology at Sorbonne University.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On December 15, 1995, his uncle Mano Dayak, the head of Temoust Liberation Front, died in a plane accident during the Tuareg rebellion. Akotey was urged by his family to lead the Coordination of Armed Resistance, a coalition of anti-government Tuareg groups led by Dayak that included the TLF. Unlike Dayak, however, Akotey joined government negotiations and made amends with Rhissa Ag Boula, another Tuareg leader who had a rivalry with Dayak.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Akotey was appointed Nigerien Minister of the Environment and Fight Against Desertification in 2007 by Mamadou Tandja.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2008, Akotey resigned from his post to become chairman of the board of directors of Imouraren SA, which controlled the Imouraren mine. In 2010, Salou Djibo entrusted Akotey with securing the release of the Arlit hostages kidnapped on September 16, 2010. This role continued under the Issoufou administration. Akotey helped release the hostages on October 27, 2013, after mediating with jihadist leader Ibrahim Ag Inawalen. After the release of the Arlit hostages, Akotey negotiated the release of Serge Lazarevic, who was kidnapped in Mali in 2012.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Mohamed Akotey is a Nigerien politician of Ifoghas Tuareg heritage and former rebel leader. | 2023-12-06T00:02:37Z | 2023-12-26T16:41:42Z | [
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75,494,562 | Garhi Kalyan | Garhi Kalyan (Devanagari: गढ़ी कलयान Gaṛhī Kalyān) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,471, in 252 households.
As of 2011, Garhi Kalyan had a population of 1,471, in 252 households. This population was 54.5% male (801) and 45.5% female (670). The 0-6 age group numbered 278 (149 male and 129 female), making up 18.9% of the total population. 738 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 50.2% of the total.
The 1981 census recorded Garhi Kalyan as having a population of 922 people (504 male and 418 female), in 164 households and 162 physical houses.
The 1961 census recorded Garhi Kalyan as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 528 people (291 male and 237 female), in 115 households and 70 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 715 acres.
As of 2011, Garhi Kalyan had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by well, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Garhi Kalyan (Devanagari: गढ़ी कलयान Gaṛhī Kalyān) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,471, in 252 households.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of 2011, Garhi Kalyan had a population of 1,471, in 252 households. This population was 54.5% male (801) and 45.5% female (670). The 0-6 age group numbered 278 (149 male and 129 female), making up 18.9% of the total population. 738 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 50.2% of the total.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The 1981 census recorded Garhi Kalyan as having a population of 922 people (504 male and 418 female), in 164 households and 162 physical houses.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The 1961 census recorded Garhi Kalyan as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 528 people (291 male and 237 female), in 115 households and 70 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 715 acres.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "As of 2011, Garhi Kalyan had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by well, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.",
"title": "Infrastructure"
}
] | Garhi Kalyan is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,471, in 252 households. | 2023-12-06T00:05:54Z | 2023-12-10T04:58:20Z | [
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75,494,564 | Sheola Rampur | Sheola Rampur (Devanagari: शेओला रामपुर Śeolā Rāmpur) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,567, in 242 households.
As of 2011, Sheola Rampur had a population of 1,567, in 242 households. This population was 54.1% male (847) and 45.9% female (720). The 0-6 age group numbered 245 (136 male and 109 female), making up 15.6% of the total population. 546 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 34.8% of the total.
The 1981 census recorded Sheola Rampur (as "Seola Rampur") as having a population of 1,119 people (630 male and 485 female), in 192 households and 192 physical houses.
The 1961 census recorded Sheola Rampur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 812 people (421 male and 391 female), in 154 households and 109 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 844 acres and it had a medical practitioner at that point.
As of 2011, Sheola Rampur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sheola Rampur (Devanagari: शेओला रामपुर Śeolā Rāmpur) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,567, in 242 households.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of 2011, Sheola Rampur had a population of 1,567, in 242 households. This population was 54.1% male (847) and 45.9% female (720). The 0-6 age group numbered 245 (136 male and 109 female), making up 15.6% of the total population. 546 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 34.8% of the total.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The 1981 census recorded Sheola Rampur (as \"Seola Rampur\") as having a population of 1,119 people (630 male and 485 female), in 192 households and 192 physical houses.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The 1961 census recorded Sheola Rampur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 812 people (421 male and 391 female), in 154 households and 109 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 844 acres and it had a medical practitioner at that point.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "As of 2011, Sheola Rampur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.",
"title": "Infrastructure"
}
] | Sheola Rampur is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,567, in 242 households. | 2023-12-06T00:06:11Z | 2023-12-06T00:06:11Z | [
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75,494,566 | Garhi Hansram | Garhi Hansram (Devanagari: गढ़ी हंसराम Gaṛhī Hansrām) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,713, in 271 households.
As of 2011, Garhi Hansram had a population of 1,713, in 271 households. This population was 52.6% male (901) and 47.4% female (812). The 0-6 age group numbered 258 (146 male and 112 female), making up 15.1% of the total population. 546 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 31.9% of the total.
The 1981 census recorded Garhi Hansram as having a population of 1,012 people (564 male and 448 female), in 166 households and 165 physical houses.
The 1961 census recorded Garhi Hansram as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 735 people (378 male and 357 female), in 125 households and 107 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 770 acres.
As of 2011, Garhi Hansram had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a public library but no post office; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Garhi Hansram (Devanagari: गढ़ी हंसराम Gaṛhī Hansrām) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,713, in 271 households.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "As of 2011, Garhi Hansram had a population of 1,713, in 271 households. This population was 52.6% male (901) and 47.4% female (812). The 0-6 age group numbered 258 (146 male and 112 female), making up 15.1% of the total population. 546 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 31.9% of the total.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
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"text": "The 1981 census recorded Garhi Hansram as having a population of 1,012 people (564 male and 448 female), in 166 households and 165 physical houses.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The 1961 census recorded Garhi Hansram as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 735 people (378 male and 357 female), in 125 households and 107 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 770 acres.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "As of 2011, Garhi Hansram had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a public library but no post office; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.",
"title": "Infrastructure"
}
] | Garhi Hansram is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,713, in 271 households. | 2023-12-06T00:06:27Z | 2023-12-10T04:54:35Z | [
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75,494,568 | Gondai, Firozabad | Gondai (Devanagari: गोंदई Gondaī) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,450, in 281 households.
As of 2011, Gondai had a population of 1,450, in 281 households. This population was 52.7% male (764) and 47.3% female (686). The 0-6 age group numbered 202 (110 male and 92 female), making up 13.9% of the total population. 275 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 19.0% of the total.
The 1981 census recorded Gondai (spelled "Gondhi" in English but "Gondai" in Hindi) as having a population of 810 people (431 male and 379 female), in 139 households and 135 physical houses.
The 1961 census recorded Gondai as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 581 people (302 male and 279 female), in 110 households and 73 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 611 acres and it had a post office at that point.
As of 2011, Gondai had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of pakka materials. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gondai (Devanagari: गोंदई Gondaī) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,450, in 281 households.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of 2011, Gondai had a population of 1,450, in 281 households. This population was 52.7% male (764) and 47.3% female (686). The 0-6 age group numbered 202 (110 male and 92 female), making up 13.9% of the total population. 275 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 19.0% of the total.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The 1981 census recorded Gondai (spelled \"Gondhi\" in English but \"Gondai\" in Hindi) as having a population of 810 people (431 male and 379 female), in 139 households and 135 physical houses.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The 1961 census recorded Gondai as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 581 people (302 male and 279 female), in 110 households and 73 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 611 acres and it had a post office at that point.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "As of 2011, Gondai had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of pakka materials.",
"title": "Infrastructure"
}
] | Gondai is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,450, in 281 households. | 2023-12-06T00:06:39Z | 2023-12-15T02:36:26Z | [
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75,494,575 | Indian Lakes Hotel | The Indian Lakes Hotel is a resort located in Bloomingdale, Illinois. It opened in 1982 as Bloomingdale's only resort hotel. The hotel closed in 2021 due to a tragic mass shooting incident which revoked the hotel's license. The Indian Lakes property is currently under renovation to be reopened.
The Indian Lakes Resort originally was a country club which was named the Indian Lakes Country Club which opened in 1965. In 1971, Carson Pirie Scott purchased the property to build a 6-7 story hotel. The original golf course buildings were renovated to fit the needs of the hotel. During construction, a waterfront building was built on the north end of the hotel, the waterfront building was designated to be used for weddings, events, and birthday parties.
The hotel had their grand opening on June 2, 1982. The Indian Lakes Hotel made Bloomingdale the vacation getaway town and was a tourist magnate. The hotel featured over 300 rooms including 23 suites, a custom bar, a pool and spa, a restaurant, conference rooms, and a large golf course.
In 2003, renovations were in place to modernize the golf course.
In the late 2000s, Hilton bought the property and renamed the hotel into the Hilton Chicago Indian Lakes Resort. During Hilton's ownership, there were major renovations done to the hotel, but nothing done to ruin the famous architecture. In 2016, Hilton closed the golf course permanently focusing on the hotel being standalone.
In 2019, Hilton sold the hotel to a private owner which made the hotel independently owned.
Don Erickson was the main architect for the Indian Lakes Hotel. He was an apprentice for the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Don utilized Frank's work into the design and construction of the hotel. Frank was known to fuse Brutalist and Modernism architectural styles into his buildings. Don was also known to use the same architectural styles into his work. The building was built to look almost like a pyramid but has some geometric elements to it. Concrete was used to build the hotel. The interior of the hotel has concrete pillars with wooden accents on them to feel like you are out in nature including a pond and foliage. The pool and conference room areas features rare Douglas-Fir wood ceilings and pillars throughout which makes you feel like you are in a log cabin and contributes to the prairie-style architecture that Frank Lloyd Wright famously uses.
The developer of Indian Lakes contracted Westinghouse Electric Corporation to install four geared traction elevators that serve the guest floors. The four elevators were separated into sets of two, two elevators in the front of the building and two elevators in the back. The interior of the elevator cars was furnished with laminate wood walls, glass windows, and carpet floors. The floors were changed out at some point with cobblestone style flooring. Each car has a relay controller that dispatches the elevator to a certain floor. In the 2010s, guests complain about the ride quality being too scary or unsafe. The elevators do break down quite often, but they are easy to fix and put back into service.
On February 6, 2021, rapper BCR Meezle was shot and killed inside the hotel during a party. BCR Meezle survived the gunshot wound but he was later pronounced dead at the hospital. Six other victims were injured from gunshots, those victims survived. There were no security personnel present during the incident. The incident led to the hotel having its license revoked. Revoking the hotel license prevented the hotel to be operational.
In March of 2021, the Indian Lakes Hotel owners announced they will be permanently closing the hotel with no chance of reopening. The incident from a month prior had something to do with it.
In 2020, some of the buildings on the Indian Lakes Hotel property were demolished to make room for redevelopment opportunities. The main hotel and waterfront building survived demolition.
On September 25, 2023, the Daily Herald announced that the Indian Lakes Hotel property was purchased by Maverick Hotels for renovation. The hotel will reopen under the Ascend Hotel Collection Prairie Lakes Resort name. People are excited for the revival of the Indian Lakes Hotel however the horrors from 2021 still haunt nearby residents. The property was purchased originally in 2022 by PlattPointe Capital for $3,800,000. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Indian Lakes Hotel is a resort located in Bloomingdale, Illinois. It opened in 1982 as Bloomingdale's only resort hotel. The hotel closed in 2021 due to a tragic mass shooting incident which revoked the hotel's license. The Indian Lakes property is currently under renovation to be reopened.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Indian Lakes Resort originally was a country club which was named the Indian Lakes Country Club which opened in 1965. In 1971, Carson Pirie Scott purchased the property to build a 6-7 story hotel. The original golf course buildings were renovated to fit the needs of the hotel. During construction, a waterfront building was built on the north end of the hotel, the waterfront building was designated to be used for weddings, events, and birthday parties.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The hotel had their grand opening on June 2, 1982. The Indian Lakes Hotel made Bloomingdale the vacation getaway town and was a tourist magnate. The hotel featured over 300 rooms including 23 suites, a custom bar, a pool and spa, a restaurant, conference rooms, and a large golf course.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2003, renovations were in place to modernize the golf course.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In the late 2000s, Hilton bought the property and renamed the hotel into the Hilton Chicago Indian Lakes Resort. During Hilton's ownership, there were major renovations done to the hotel, but nothing done to ruin the famous architecture. In 2016, Hilton closed the golf course permanently focusing on the hotel being standalone.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2019, Hilton sold the hotel to a private owner which made the hotel independently owned.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Don Erickson was the main architect for the Indian Lakes Hotel. He was an apprentice for the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Don utilized Frank's work into the design and construction of the hotel. Frank was known to fuse Brutalist and Modernism architectural styles into his buildings. Don was also known to use the same architectural styles into his work. The building was built to look almost like a pyramid but has some geometric elements to it. Concrete was used to build the hotel. The interior of the hotel has concrete pillars with wooden accents on them to feel like you are out in nature including a pond and foliage. The pool and conference room areas features rare Douglas-Fir wood ceilings and pillars throughout which makes you feel like you are in a log cabin and contributes to the prairie-style architecture that Frank Lloyd Wright famously uses.",
"title": "Frank Lloyd Wright inspired architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The developer of Indian Lakes contracted Westinghouse Electric Corporation to install four geared traction elevators that serve the guest floors. The four elevators were separated into sets of two, two elevators in the front of the building and two elevators in the back. The interior of the elevator cars was furnished with laminate wood walls, glass windows, and carpet floors. The floors were changed out at some point with cobblestone style flooring. Each car has a relay controller that dispatches the elevator to a certain floor. In the 2010s, guests complain about the ride quality being too scary or unsafe. The elevators do break down quite often, but they are easy to fix and put back into service.",
"title": "Elevators"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "On February 6, 2021, rapper BCR Meezle was shot and killed inside the hotel during a party. BCR Meezle survived the gunshot wound but he was later pronounced dead at the hospital. Six other victims were injured from gunshots, those victims survived. There were no security personnel present during the incident. The incident led to the hotel having its license revoked. Revoking the hotel license prevented the hotel to be operational.",
"title": "The Indian Lakes mass shooting incident"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In March of 2021, the Indian Lakes Hotel owners announced they will be permanently closing the hotel with no chance of reopening. The incident from a month prior had something to do with it.",
"title": "Closure"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In 2020, some of the buildings on the Indian Lakes Hotel property were demolished to make room for redevelopment opportunities. The main hotel and waterfront building survived demolition.",
"title": "Half-Demolition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "On September 25, 2023, the Daily Herald announced that the Indian Lakes Hotel property was purchased by Maverick Hotels for renovation. The hotel will reopen under the Ascend Hotel Collection Prairie Lakes Resort name. People are excited for the revival of the Indian Lakes Hotel however the horrors from 2021 still haunt nearby residents. The property was purchased originally in 2022 by PlattPointe Capital for $3,800,000.",
"title": "Major Renovation"
}
] | The Indian Lakes Hotel is a resort located in Bloomingdale, Illinois. It opened in 1982 as Bloomingdale's only resort hotel. The hotel closed in 2021 due to a tragic mass shooting incident which revoked the hotel's license. The Indian Lakes property is currently under renovation to be reopened. | 2023-12-06T00:07:42Z | 2023-12-29T11:36:34Z | [
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75,494,583 | Rodrigo Gelado | Rodrigo Silva Nascimento (born 28 September 2003), known as Rodrigo Gelado, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a left back for Vila Nova.
Born in Salvador, Bahia, Rodrigo Gelado played amateur football in his hometown before moving to the Federal District. He began his career with SESP Samambaense [pt] in 2021, and made his senior debut with the club in the Campeonato Brasiliense Second Division.
Rodrigo Gelado began the 2022 season with Taguatinga, playing for the under-20 squad and featuring in one Campeonato Brasiliense match before moving to Vila Nova, where he was also assigned to the under-20s. He made his first team debut with the latter on 18 January 2023, starting in a 1–1 Campeonato Goiano away draw against CRAC.
Rodrigo Gelado scored his first goal for Vila on 25 January 2023, netting his side's third in a 3–0 home win over Iporá. On 24 February, already established as a regular starter, he renewed his contract until 2025.
In April 2023, Rodrigo Gelado was named the 2023 Campeonato Goiano Breakthrough Player, and remained a starter in the 2023 Série B. | [
{
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"text": "Rodrigo Silva Nascimento (born 28 September 2003), known as Rodrigo Gelado, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a left back for Vila Nova.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Salvador, Bahia, Rodrigo Gelado played amateur football in his hometown before moving to the Federal District. He began his career with SESP Samambaense [pt] in 2021, and made his senior debut with the club in the Campeonato Brasiliense Second Division.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Rodrigo Gelado began the 2022 season with Taguatinga, playing for the under-20 squad and featuring in one Campeonato Brasiliense match before moving to Vila Nova, where he was also assigned to the under-20s. He made his first team debut with the latter on 18 January 2023, starting in a 1–1 Campeonato Goiano away draw against CRAC.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Rodrigo Gelado scored his first goal for Vila on 25 January 2023, netting his side's third in a 3–0 home win over Iporá. On 24 February, already established as a regular starter, he renewed his contract until 2025.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In April 2023, Rodrigo Gelado was named the 2023 Campeonato Goiano Breakthrough Player, and remained a starter in the 2023 Série B.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Rodrigo Silva Nascimento, known as Rodrigo Gelado, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a left back for Vila Nova. | 2023-12-06T00:09:44Z | 2023-12-06T00:09:51Z | [
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75,494,598 | I Ship It (film) | I Ship It is a 2014 romantic comedy digital short film written and directed by Yulin Kuang. The film stars Mary Kate Wiles and Sean Persaud. It was released as part of the Incubator series, funded by the studio New Form Digital.
In the wake of a terrible break-up with her boyfriend and Wizard rock bandmate Peter Hackett, Zoe Smallman decides to get revenge by competing with him in a local Battle of the Bands. Charlie, Zoe's close friend, has also recently gone through a break-up with his girlfriend, Laurel. After commiserating together about their relationship troubles, Zoe and Charlie kiss, but decide to remain platonic. The pair write an original song for Zoe to perform at the Battle of the Bands. Zoe loses to Peter and his new girlfriend, Macy, but Peter still proposes that him and Zoe reform their band. Charlie is incredulous that Zoe would consider working with Peter again, and the two get in an argument where Charlie admits he does in fact have romantic feelings for Zoe. The films ends with the pair apologizing to each other in the wake of the argument, and Zoe tentatively returning Charlie's feelings.
Writer-director Yulin Kuang initially gained the attention of New Form Digital studio through her YouTube account, where she had previously posted short films and web-series. I Ship It was created for the Incubator series, where New Form Digital partnered with 14 YouTubers and financed the creation of 14 short films all based on the theme of 'curiosity'. While Kuang originally thought about having the story revolve more heavily around the two main characters being vloggers, she decided instead to focus on fandom culture, particularly the Harry Potter fandom and Wizard rock. Stylistically, in terms of set design, color grading, and editing, the film is heavily inspired by the work of directors Wes Anderson and Edgar Wright, and specifically Wright's film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. The music for the film was composed by Brian Grider, James Wolpert, and Kirstyn Hippe, and Hippe in particular wrote the two musical numbers featured in the film, "Honeydukes" and "Horcruxes".
The film was released on October 16th, 2014, being uploaded directly to YouTube along with the other Incubator shorts. A clip from the film, featuring Wiles and Persaud, would go on to be shown as the opener for the Shorts program at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. In 2016, the short would be adapted into the CW series of the same name, I Ship It. Originally cancelled after airing on television, the second season of the series was released in 2019, as web-exclusive content on CW Seed. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "I Ship It is a 2014 romantic comedy digital short film written and directed by Yulin Kuang. The film stars Mary Kate Wiles and Sean Persaud. It was released as part of the Incubator series, funded by the studio New Form Digital.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the wake of a terrible break-up with her boyfriend and Wizard rock bandmate Peter Hackett, Zoe Smallman decides to get revenge by competing with him in a local Battle of the Bands. Charlie, Zoe's close friend, has also recently gone through a break-up with his girlfriend, Laurel. After commiserating together about their relationship troubles, Zoe and Charlie kiss, but decide to remain platonic. The pair write an original song for Zoe to perform at the Battle of the Bands. Zoe loses to Peter and his new girlfriend, Macy, but Peter still proposes that him and Zoe reform their band. Charlie is incredulous that Zoe would consider working with Peter again, and the two get in an argument where Charlie admits he does in fact have romantic feelings for Zoe. The films ends with the pair apologizing to each other in the wake of the argument, and Zoe tentatively returning Charlie's feelings.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Writer-director Yulin Kuang initially gained the attention of New Form Digital studio through her YouTube account, where she had previously posted short films and web-series. I Ship It was created for the Incubator series, where New Form Digital partnered with 14 YouTubers and financed the creation of 14 short films all based on the theme of 'curiosity'. While Kuang originally thought about having the story revolve more heavily around the two main characters being vloggers, she decided instead to focus on fandom culture, particularly the Harry Potter fandom and Wizard rock. Stylistically, in terms of set design, color grading, and editing, the film is heavily inspired by the work of directors Wes Anderson and Edgar Wright, and specifically Wright's film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. The music for the film was composed by Brian Grider, James Wolpert, and Kirstyn Hippe, and Hippe in particular wrote the two musical numbers featured in the film, \"Honeydukes\" and \"Horcruxes\".",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film was released on October 16th, 2014, being uploaded directly to YouTube along with the other Incubator shorts. A clip from the film, featuring Wiles and Persaud, would go on to be shown as the opener for the Shorts program at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. In 2016, the short would be adapted into the CW series of the same name, I Ship It. Originally cancelled after airing on television, the second season of the series was released in 2019, as web-exclusive content on CW Seed.",
"title": "Release"
}
] | I Ship It is a 2014 romantic comedy digital short film written and directed by Yulin Kuang. The film stars Mary Kate Wiles and Sean Persaud. It was released as part of the Incubator series, funded by the studio New Form Digital. | 2023-12-06T00:12:19Z | 2023-12-26T16:33:28Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Ship_It_(film) |
75,494,604 | Jampur, Uttar Pradesh | Jampur (Devanagari: जामपुर Jāmpur) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 2,551, in 420 households.
As of 2011, Jampur had a population of 2,551, in 420 households. This population was 52.4% male (1,337) and 47.6% female (1,214). The 0-6 age group numbered 398 (200 male and 198 female), making up 15.6% of the total population. 614 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 24.1% of the total.
The 1981 census recorded Jampur as having a population of 1,664 people (898 male and 766 female), in 321 households and 309 physical houses.
The 1961 census recorded Jampur as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 1,159 people (650 male and 509 female), in 208 households and 150 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 964 acres.
As of 2011, Jampur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jampur (Devanagari: जामपुर Jāmpur) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 2,551, in 420 households.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of 2011, Jampur had a population of 2,551, in 420 households. This population was 52.4% male (1,337) and 47.6% female (1,214). The 0-6 age group numbered 398 (200 male and 198 female), making up 15.6% of the total population. 614 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 24.1% of the total.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The 1981 census recorded Jampur as having a population of 1,664 people (898 male and 766 female), in 321 households and 309 physical houses.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The 1961 census recorded Jampur as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 1,159 people (650 male and 509 female), in 208 households and 150 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 964 acres.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "As of 2011, Jampur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.",
"title": "Infrastructure"
}
] | Jampur is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 2,551, in 420 households. | 2023-12-06T00:13:57Z | 2023-12-10T05:10:29Z | [
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75,494,619 | Jampur (disambiguation) | Jampur is a city in Punjab, Pakistan.
Jampur may also refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jampur is a city in Punjab, Pakistan.",
"title": ""
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{
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"text": "Jampur may also refer to:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "Other places"
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] | Jampur is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. Jampur may also refer to: | 2023-12-06T00:17:22Z | 2023-12-06T00:17:22Z | [
"Template:Geodis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jampur_(disambiguation) |
75,494,620 | Udo Walz | Udo Walz (28 July 1944 – 20 November 2020) was a German celebrity hairdresser. Considered the first German celebrity hairdresser, his clientele included politicians Gerhard Schröder and Angela Merkel, Red Army Faction cofounder Ulrike Meinhof, and international celebrities such as Julia Roberts. Walz promoted discretion with his celebrity clients, once saying "my motto has always been not to ask anyone who they are and what they do for a living."
Walz was born in Waiblingen, Baden-Württemberg. His parents divorced when he was young, and his father, a truck driver, moved in with another woman when he was six years old. Walz initially wanted to enter a hotel management school, but his mother didn't have the financial means, and so at 14 years old he began a hairdressing apprenticeship instead. Three years later, despite finishing with the third worst rating out of 600 candidates in the certification exam, Walz moved to St. Moritz. There he began his hairdressing job and first met celebrities such as Marlene Dietrich.
In 1963, Walz moved to West Berlin due to the absence of conscription in the enclave, as opposed to the rest of the country. Originally intending for the stay in Berlin to be temporary before moving to New York City, Walz was pleased by the city and decided to remain. Due to his relation with Dietrich, he was hired by popular hairdresser Ina Sailer to work in her beauty salon, but was eventually fired for tardiness. In 1968, Walz began a partnership with Heinz Schlicht in a salon in Charlottenburg. His lucky break came when Walz covered for a colleague who was meant to style a famous model's hair but fell ill. The photographer of the model's photoshoot, F. C. Gundlach, was fond of the model's hair and wanted to work with Walz, increasing his reputation. Walz styled the hair shown in multiple magazines, including Brigitte and Otto, as well as accompanying the aforementioned F. C. Gundlach internationally.
In 1970, Walz bleached and styled the hair of Red Army Faction founding member Ulrike Meinhof, who desired to separate the organisation from the "sloppy APO look", which began to arouse suspicion, and instead adopt an innocent middle-class appearance. According to Walz, he did not know the identity of Meinhof and that it occurred prior to her participation in breaking Andreas Baader out of prison, which included a librarian being shot in the process. Bettina Röhl disputes this, claiming the styling occurred in October and that Walz performed it knowing Meinhof was hiding from the attempted murder conviction.
Walz's social standing elevated in the mid-1980s due to his friendship with Richard R. Burt, United States ambassador to Germany at the time, and his wife, who's role heavily influenced the high society of West Berlin.
In 1985, Walz opened his own salon on Kurfürstendamm, a popular shopping street in Berlin. At the time of his death, Walz owned four other salons—two in Berlin, one in Potsdam and one in Mallorca.
Singer Jeanette Biedermann began an apprenticeship with him before dropping out after winning a pop song competition in 1999.
In April 2002, Gerhard Schröder filed an injunction against the ddp press agency for publishing an opinion saying that he "would be more credible if he didn't dye his gray hair". On ddp's contestation, Walz, due to being Schröder's hairstylist, took the stand. He stated Schröder's hair "has never been coloured or tinted, but [is] always in a natural state."
Walz claimed to have transformed Angela Merkel's haircut in the run-up to the 2005 German federal election, which hairdresser Martina Acht contests. Walz replied, "Martina Acht might have used a blow-dryer on my client's hair, but she did not cut it... There are always people around who want to jump on the bandwagon."
Walz was an ambassador for Dianiño, a childhood diabetes foundation. In 2005, he joined the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, with the hope that "the CDU would clear out the bureaucracy."
Walz starred in a five-part docusoap named "Typisch Udo" (Typical Udo), which premiered in 2004 on RTL.
In July 2008, Walz entered a civil union with Carsten Thamm-Walz, his partner since 1993. After same-sex marriage in Germany was legalised in 2017, Walz stated his opposition to converting his civil union to a marriage and reiterated his position on same-sex marriage in general, saying "I think only a man and a woman should get married, if they want to start a family." Walz lived in Schmargendorf, an Ortsteil of Berlin.
Walz suffered from severe diabetes, and was wheelchair-bound for months before his death. He died on 20 November 2020, two weeks after suffering diabetic shock and falling into a coma, and was buried at Waldfriedhof Dahlem.
Category:2020 deaths Category:1944 births Category:Businesspeople from Berlin Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians Category:German hairdressers | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Udo Walz (28 July 1944 – 20 November 2020) was a German celebrity hairdresser. Considered the first German celebrity hairdresser, his clientele included politicians Gerhard Schröder and Angela Merkel, Red Army Faction cofounder Ulrike Meinhof, and international celebrities such as Julia Roberts. Walz promoted discretion with his celebrity clients, once saying \"my motto has always been not to ask anyone who they are and what they do for a living.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Walz was born in Waiblingen, Baden-Württemberg. His parents divorced when he was young, and his father, a truck driver, moved in with another woman when he was six years old. Walz initially wanted to enter a hotel management school, but his mother didn't have the financial means, and so at 14 years old he began a hairdressing apprenticeship instead. Three years later, despite finishing with the third worst rating out of 600 candidates in the certification exam, Walz moved to St. Moritz. There he began his hairdressing job and first met celebrities such as Marlene Dietrich.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1963, Walz moved to West Berlin due to the absence of conscription in the enclave, as opposed to the rest of the country. Originally intending for the stay in Berlin to be temporary before moving to New York City, Walz was pleased by the city and decided to remain. Due to his relation with Dietrich, he was hired by popular hairdresser Ina Sailer to work in her beauty salon, but was eventually fired for tardiness. In 1968, Walz began a partnership with Heinz Schlicht in a salon in Charlottenburg. His lucky break came when Walz covered for a colleague who was meant to style a famous model's hair but fell ill. The photographer of the model's photoshoot, F. C. Gundlach, was fond of the model's hair and wanted to work with Walz, increasing his reputation. Walz styled the hair shown in multiple magazines, including Brigitte and Otto, as well as accompanying the aforementioned F. C. Gundlach internationally.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1970, Walz bleached and styled the hair of Red Army Faction founding member Ulrike Meinhof, who desired to separate the organisation from the \"sloppy APO look\", which began to arouse suspicion, and instead adopt an innocent middle-class appearance. According to Walz, he did not know the identity of Meinhof and that it occurred prior to her participation in breaking Andreas Baader out of prison, which included a librarian being shot in the process. Bettina Röhl disputes this, claiming the styling occurred in October and that Walz performed it knowing Meinhof was hiding from the attempted murder conviction.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Walz's social standing elevated in the mid-1980s due to his friendship with Richard R. Burt, United States ambassador to Germany at the time, and his wife, who's role heavily influenced the high society of West Berlin.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1985, Walz opened his own salon on Kurfürstendamm, a popular shopping street in Berlin. At the time of his death, Walz owned four other salons—two in Berlin, one in Potsdam and one in Mallorca.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Singer Jeanette Biedermann began an apprenticeship with him before dropping out after winning a pop song competition in 1999.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In April 2002, Gerhard Schröder filed an injunction against the ddp press agency for publishing an opinion saying that he \"would be more credible if he didn't dye his gray hair\". On ddp's contestation, Walz, due to being Schröder's hairstylist, took the stand. He stated Schröder's hair \"has never been coloured or tinted, but [is] always in a natural state.\"",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Walz claimed to have transformed Angela Merkel's haircut in the run-up to the 2005 German federal election, which hairdresser Martina Acht contests. Walz replied, \"Martina Acht might have used a blow-dryer on my client's hair, but she did not cut it... There are always people around who want to jump on the bandwagon.\"",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Walz was an ambassador for Dianiño, a childhood diabetes foundation. In 2005, he joined the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, with the hope that \"the CDU would clear out the bureaucracy.\"",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Walz starred in a five-part docusoap named \"Typisch Udo\" (Typical Udo), which premiered in 2004 on RTL.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In July 2008, Walz entered a civil union with Carsten Thamm-Walz, his partner since 1993. After same-sex marriage in Germany was legalised in 2017, Walz stated his opposition to converting his civil union to a marriage and reiterated his position on same-sex marriage in general, saying \"I think only a man and a woman should get married, if they want to start a family.\" Walz lived in Schmargendorf, an Ortsteil of Berlin.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Walz suffered from severe diabetes, and was wheelchair-bound for months before his death. He died on 20 November 2020, two weeks after suffering diabetic shock and falling into a coma, and was buried at Waldfriedhof Dahlem.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Category:2020 deaths Category:1944 births Category:Businesspeople from Berlin Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians Category:German hairdressers",
"title": "References"
}
] | Udo Walz was a German celebrity hairdresser. Considered the first German celebrity hairdresser, his clientele included politicians Gerhard Schröder and Angela Merkel, Red Army Faction cofounder Ulrike Meinhof, and international celebrities such as Julia Roberts. Walz promoted discretion with his celebrity clients, once saying "my motto has always been not to ask anyone who they are and what they do for a living." | 2023-12-06T00:17:29Z | 2023-12-06T09:29:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udo_Walz |
75,494,629 | Vivian Folkenflik | Vivian Perlstein Folkenflik (August 21, 1940 – October 28, 2023) was an American educator and translator.
Perlstein was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Jacob Perlstein and Natalie Brettschneider Perlstein. Her family was Jewish; her father was a cardiologist and her mother was a school librarian. She graduated from James Madison High School in 1957, and from Radcliffe College. She traveled in Europe in 1958. She earned a master's degree in French literature at Cornell University, and was working on a doctorate when she married a fellow graduate student in 1965.
Folkenflik translated works by the French writers Germaine de Staël, Jacqueline Chénieux-Gendron [fr] and Anne-Gédéon Lafitte, Marquis de Pelleport. She taught humanities courses at the University of California, Irvine, where her husband was a professor of English. She retired from UCI in 2012.
Perlstein married Robert Folkenflik in 1965. They had two children, Nora and David, and lived in Laguna Beach, California for most of their lives together. Her daughter died in 1995, and her husband died in 2019. She died in 2023, at the age of 83, after she was struck by a truck outside her home in Montclair, New Jersey. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Vivian Perlstein Folkenflik (August 21, 1940 – October 28, 2023) was an American educator and translator.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Perlstein was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Jacob Perlstein and Natalie Brettschneider Perlstein. Her family was Jewish; her father was a cardiologist and her mother was a school librarian. She graduated from James Madison High School in 1957, and from Radcliffe College. She traveled in Europe in 1958. She earned a master's degree in French literature at Cornell University, and was working on a doctorate when she married a fellow graduate student in 1965.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Folkenflik translated works by the French writers Germaine de Staël, Jacqueline Chénieux-Gendron [fr] and Anne-Gédéon Lafitte, Marquis de Pelleport. She taught humanities courses at the University of California, Irvine, where her husband was a professor of English. She retired from UCI in 2012.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Perlstein married Robert Folkenflik in 1965. They had two children, Nora and David, and lived in Laguna Beach, California for most of their lives together. Her daughter died in 1995, and her husband died in 2019. She died in 2023, at the age of 83, after she was struck by a truck outside her home in Montclair, New Jersey.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Vivian Perlstein Folkenflik was an American educator and translator. | 2023-12-06T00:19:47Z | 2023-12-06T19:14:48Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_Folkenflik |
75,494,640 | National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia | The National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia (NEO Armenia) (Armenian: Էրազմուս+ ազգային գրասենյակ Հայաստանում, romanized: Erazmus+ azgayin grasenyak Hayastanum) is the Armenian national office of the Erasmus+ programme. NEO Armenia was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Yerevan.
Erasmus+ is the European Union's programme to support education, training, youth, and sport across Europe. The National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia was founded in 2015 in order to facilitate Erasmus+ projects and activities within the country. The office organizes seminars and events to promote and raise awareness of the Erasmus+ programme and to encourage exchange of experience between universities and individuals implementing Erasmus+. The office also supports students and staff involved with the programme, organizes "information days" at Armenian universities, and coordinates with the EU Delegation to Armenia. The office is funded by the Directorate-General for International Partnerships. Over 5,000 university students and staff from Armenia were able to study or teach across Europe as part of Erasmus+ exchanges between 2015 to 2020.
In October 2020, members of the Erasmus+ alumni wrote to former EU ambassador to Armenia Andrea Wiktorin stating, "The European Union has helped us access quality education in different corners of Europe, an experience that has changed us forever. We have bonded with people from various national backgrounds, thus strengthening the European in our hearts. We have learned to cherish democracy and human rights and each of us has embarked on making a change in our homeland; you can find us working in NGOs, governmental and international organizations, personal businesses or startups putting our skills for the prosperity of our country and strengthening the links with democratic Europe and the values that the EU stands for." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia (NEO Armenia) (Armenian: Էրազմուս+ ազգային գրասենյակ Հայաստանում, romanized: Erazmus+ azgayin grasenyak Hayastanum) is the Armenian national office of the Erasmus+ programme. NEO Armenia was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Yerevan.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Erasmus+ is the European Union's programme to support education, training, youth, and sport across Europe. The National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia was founded in 2015 in order to facilitate Erasmus+ projects and activities within the country. The office organizes seminars and events to promote and raise awareness of the Erasmus+ programme and to encourage exchange of experience between universities and individuals implementing Erasmus+. The office also supports students and staff involved with the programme, organizes \"information days\" at Armenian universities, and coordinates with the EU Delegation to Armenia. The office is funded by the Directorate-General for International Partnerships. Over 5,000 university students and staff from Armenia were able to study or teach across Europe as part of Erasmus+ exchanges between 2015 to 2020.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In October 2020, members of the Erasmus+ alumni wrote to former EU ambassador to Armenia Andrea Wiktorin stating, \"The European Union has helped us access quality education in different corners of Europe, an experience that has changed us forever. We have bonded with people from various national backgrounds, thus strengthening the European in our hearts. We have learned to cherish democracy and human rights and each of us has embarked on making a change in our homeland; you can find us working in NGOs, governmental and international organizations, personal businesses or startups putting our skills for the prosperity of our country and strengthening the links with democratic Europe and the values that the EU stands for.\"",
"title": "History"
}
] | The National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia is the Armenian national office of the Erasmus+ programme. NEO Armenia was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Yerevan. | 2023-12-06T00:21:11Z | 2023-12-06T00:24:36Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Erasmus%2B_Office_in_Armenia |
75,494,654 | Mpanzu Bamenga | P. "Mpanzu" Bamenga (born 12 July 1985) is a Congolese-born Dutch jurist, human rights activist and politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a member of the Dutch House of Representatives since 2023. He previously held a seat in the municipal council of Eindhoven from 2014 to 2018, and from 2021 to 2022.
Bamenga was born in Kinshasa, Zaire (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). In 1994, at the age of 8, he fled to the Netherlands with his mother and brother, where he lived as an undocumented refugee for thirteen years. In 2007, he was granted a residence permit by Justice Minister Ernst Hirsch Ballin.
In 2021, Bamenga won an annual prize awarded by the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights for his legal battle against racial profiling by the Royal Marechaussee. On 22 November 2023, he ran in the 2023 general election as the ninth candidate on the D66 list, and was elected into the House of Representatives. He was installed as MP on 6 December 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "P. \"Mpanzu\" Bamenga (born 12 July 1985) is a Congolese-born Dutch jurist, human rights activist and politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a member of the Dutch House of Representatives since 2023. He previously held a seat in the municipal council of Eindhoven from 2014 to 2018, and from 2021 to 2022.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bamenga was born in Kinshasa, Zaire (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). In 1994, at the age of 8, he fled to the Netherlands with his mother and brother, where he lived as an undocumented refugee for thirteen years. In 2007, he was granted a residence permit by Justice Minister Ernst Hirsch Ballin.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2021, Bamenga won an annual prize awarded by the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights for his legal battle against racial profiling by the Royal Marechaussee. On 22 November 2023, he ran in the 2023 general election as the ninth candidate on the D66 list, and was elected into the House of Representatives. He was installed as MP on 6 December 2023.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | P. "Mpanzu" Bamenga is a Congolese-born Dutch jurist, human rights activist and politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a member of the Dutch House of Representatives since 2023. He previously held a seat in the municipal council of Eindhoven from 2014 to 2018, and from 2021 to 2022. | 2023-12-06T00:23:53Z | 2023-12-22T15:02:53Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpanzu_Bamenga |
75,494,655 | 1990 Fernleaf International Classic – Doubles | Elizabeth Smylie and Janine Tremelling were the defending champions, but none competed this year.
Natalia Medvedeva and Leila Meskhi won the title by defeating Michelle Jaggard and Julie Richardson 6–3, 2–6, 6–4 in the final. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Elizabeth Smylie and Janine Tremelling were the defending champions, but none competed this year.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Natalia Medvedeva and Leila Meskhi won the title by defeating Michelle Jaggard and Julie Richardson 6–3, 2–6, 6–4 in the final.",
"title": ""
}
] | Elizabeth Smylie and Janine Tremelling were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Natalia Medvedeva and Leila Meskhi won the title by defeating Michelle Jaggard and Julie Richardson 6–3, 2–6, 6–4 in the final. | 2023-12-06T00:23:54Z | 2023-12-06T00:41:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Fernleaf_International_Classic_%E2%80%93_Doubles |
75,494,681 | Ángel Castro (first baseman) | Ángel Castro Pacheco (20 April 1917 – 10 January 1983) was a Mexican professional baseball first baseman. Castro spent twenty seasons playing in the Mexican League from 1938 to 1957. Castro was inducted into the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame as part of the class of 1964. Nicknamed, "el bateador elegante" (the elegant hitter), Castro is considered as one of the first Mexican baseball stars alongside Héctor Espino.
Castro was born on 20 April 1917 in Empalme, Sonora. He made his professional debut in the Mexican League in 1938 with the Alijadores de Tampico and won the Rookie of the Year Award. In 1939, Castro hit three home runs in a game, becoming the second player to do so in the Mexican League.
In 1940, Castro was traded to the Azules de Veracruz and in 1941, he returned to Tampico. Castro was part of the Tampico team that won the 1945 and 1946 Mexican League championship, under manager Armando Marsans.
In 1948, Castro was signed again by the Veracruz. 1951 was Castro's best season, he won the triple crown, compiling a batting average of .357, 22 home runs and 79 RBIs.
Castro later played for the Tuneros de San Luis Potosí, Diablos Rojos del México, Sultanes de Monterrey, Tigres de México, Tecolotes de Nuevo Laredo and Rojos del Águila de Veracruz. He retired after the 1957 season.
In 1964, Castro was elected to the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame.
Castro spent his last years working for the Mexican Social Security Institute in Tampico. He died on 10 January 1983 in Tampico, aged 65. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ángel Castro Pacheco (20 April 1917 – 10 January 1983) was a Mexican professional baseball first baseman. Castro spent twenty seasons playing in the Mexican League from 1938 to 1957. Castro was inducted into the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame as part of the class of 1964. Nicknamed, \"el bateador elegante\" (the elegant hitter), Castro is considered as one of the first Mexican baseball stars alongside Héctor Espino.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Castro was born on 20 April 1917 in Empalme, Sonora. He made his professional debut in the Mexican League in 1938 with the Alijadores de Tampico and won the Rookie of the Year Award. In 1939, Castro hit three home runs in a game, becoming the second player to do so in the Mexican League.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1940, Castro was traded to the Azules de Veracruz and in 1941, he returned to Tampico. Castro was part of the Tampico team that won the 1945 and 1946 Mexican League championship, under manager Armando Marsans.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1948, Castro was signed again by the Veracruz. 1951 was Castro's best season, he won the triple crown, compiling a batting average of .357, 22 home runs and 79 RBIs.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Castro later played for the Tuneros de San Luis Potosí, Diablos Rojos del México, Sultanes de Monterrey, Tigres de México, Tecolotes de Nuevo Laredo and Rojos del Águila de Veracruz. He retired after the 1957 season.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1964, Castro was elected to the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Castro spent his last years working for the Mexican Social Security Institute in Tampico. He died on 10 January 1983 in Tampico, aged 65.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Ángel Castro Pacheco was a Mexican professional baseball first baseman. Castro spent twenty seasons playing in the Mexican League from 1938 to 1957. Castro was inducted into the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame as part of the class of 1964. Nicknamed, "el bateador elegante", Castro is considered as one of the first Mexican baseball stars alongside Héctor Espino. | 2023-12-06T00:26:23Z | 2023-12-06T10:10:39Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Castro_(first_baseman) |
75,494,689 | Daejeon Shinsegae Art & Science | Redirect#Shinsegae | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Redirect#Shinsegae",
"title": ""
}
] | Redirect#Shinsegae | 2023-12-06T00:27:12Z | 2023-12-06T00:27:25Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daejeon_Shinsegae_Art_%26_Science |
75,494,703 | Rózsa Nemes | Rózsa Nemes (Hungarian: Nemes Rózsa) is a 1943 Hungarian drama film directed by Emil Martonffi and starring Elma Bulla, Erzsi Simor and Vilma Medgyaszay. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art directors István Básthy and Sándor Iliszi. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Rózsa Nemes (Hungarian: Nemes Rózsa) is a 1943 Hungarian drama film directed by Emil Martonffi and starring Elma Bulla, Erzsi Simor and Vilma Medgyaszay. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art directors István Básthy and Sándor Iliszi.",
"title": ""
}
] | Rózsa Nemes is a 1943 Hungarian drama film directed by Emil Martonffi and starring Elma Bulla, Erzsi Simor and Vilma Medgyaszay. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art directors István Básthy and Sándor Iliszi. | 2023-12-06T00:31:39Z | 2023-12-29T03:12:36Z | [
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"Template:Emil Martonffy",
"Template:Hungary-film-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3zsa_Nemes |
75,494,712 | Alkaline ring structure | An alkaline ring structure is a collapsed semi-formed volcano that is formed by a hot spot. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "An alkaline ring structure is a collapsed semi-formed volcano that is formed by a hot spot.",
"title": ""
}
] | An alkaline ring structure is a collapsed semi-formed volcano that is formed by a hot spot. | 2023-12-06T00:33:19Z | 2023-12-06T00:42:36Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Pp"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_ring_structure |
75,494,721 | Francis Koene | Francis Dirk Jacobus Koene (Weltevreden, Java, Batavia, Dutch East Indies, 11 March 1899–Amsterdam, 29 January 1935) was a Dutch classical music violinist. He and his two siblings were child prodigies who performed in Java as a trio. Their father was Dutch and their mother Javanese. In 1921 he became the second concertmaster of the Utrecht Symphony Orchestra, and from 1926 to 1932 was the first concertmaster of the Dresden Opera Orchestra. He was engaged to the composer and concert pianist Henriëtte Bosmans, but unfortunately died of a brain tumor before they could be married. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Francis Dirk Jacobus Koene (Weltevreden, Java, Batavia, Dutch East Indies, 11 March 1899–Amsterdam, 29 January 1935) was a Dutch classical music violinist. He and his two siblings were child prodigies who performed in Java as a trio. Their father was Dutch and their mother Javanese. In 1921 he became the second concertmaster of the Utrecht Symphony Orchestra, and from 1926 to 1932 was the first concertmaster of the Dresden Opera Orchestra. He was engaged to the composer and concert pianist Henriëtte Bosmans, but unfortunately died of a brain tumor before they could be married.",
"title": ""
}
] | Francis Dirk Jacobus Koene was a Dutch classical music violinist. He and his two siblings were child prodigies who performed in Java as a trio. Their father was Dutch and their mother Javanese. In 1921 he became the second concertmaster of the Utrecht Symphony Orchestra, and from 1926 to 1932 was the first concertmaster of the Dresden Opera Orchestra. He was engaged to the composer and concert pianist Henriëtte Bosmans, but unfortunately died of a brain tumor before they could be married. | 2023-12-06T00:34:20Z | 2023-12-22T01:01:07Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Koene |
75,494,727 | BOS-580 | BOS-580 is a long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 analog that can be injected once monthly. It was acquired by Boston Pharmaceuticals from Novartis in 2020. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "BOS-580 is a long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 analog that can be injected once monthly. It was acquired by Boston Pharmaceuticals from Novartis in 2020.",
"title": ""
}
] | BOS-580 is a long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 analog that can be injected once monthly. It was acquired by Boston Pharmaceuticals from Novartis in 2020. | 2023-12-06T00:35:39Z | 2023-12-31T23:22:30Z | [
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BOS-580 |
75,494,735 | La casa de los famosos (season 4) | The fourth season of the American Spanish-language reality television series La casa de los famosos will premiere on January 23, 2024, with a live move-in on Telemundo. The show follows a group of celebrities living in a house together while being constantly filmed with no communication with the outside world as they compete to be the last competitor remaining to win the grand cash prize.
The season was announced on April 11, 2023. Jimena Gallego will return as co-host of the series. Héctor Sandarti will not be returning as co-host and was replaced by Nacho Lozano. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The fourth season of the American Spanish-language reality television series La casa de los famosos will premiere on January 23, 2024, with a live move-in on Telemundo. The show follows a group of celebrities living in a house together while being constantly filmed with no communication with the outside world as they compete to be the last competitor remaining to win the grand cash prize.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The season was announced on April 11, 2023. Jimena Gallego will return as co-host of the series. Héctor Sandarti will not be returning as co-host and was replaced by Nacho Lozano.",
"title": ""
}
] | The fourth season of the American Spanish-language reality television series La casa de los famosos will premiere on January 23, 2024, with a live move-in on Telemundo. The show follows a group of celebrities living in a house together while being constantly filmed with no communication with the outside world as they compete to be the last competitor remaining to win the grand cash prize. The season was announced on April 11, 2023. Jimena Gallego will return as co-host of the series. Héctor Sandarti will not be returning as co-host and was replaced by Nacho Lozano. | 2023-12-06T00:36:55Z | 2023-12-22T01:48:33Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_casa_de_los_famosos_(season_4) |
75,494,740 | Berta's Motives | Berta's Motives (Spanish: Los motivos de Berta) is a 1984 Spanish black and white film written and directed by José Luis Guerín (in his feature film debut). It stars Silvia Gracia, Arielle Dombasle, Iñaki Aierra, and Rafael Díaz.
Taking place in the fictional village of Sotoluego, the plot focus on the maturing of 13-year-old Berta. The monotonous life of the village is upended by the arrival of extravagant Demetrio and the settling of a film crew.
The film boasted a budget of around 10 million ₧. It was shot in Melque de Cercos, province of Segovia.
The film had a couple of press screenings on 9 March 1984 at Madrid's Cines Griffith. It was presented in the 'Cine Español' section of the 32nd San Sebastián International Film Festival in September 1984. It also made it to the programme of the 1984 Mostra de València [es] and to the non-competitive slate of the 35th Berlin International Film Festival (February 1985). It had a commercial release in Barcelona on 13 February 1985. Distribution issues notwithstanding, the film earned "unanimous enthusiasm" from the critics. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Berta's Motives (Spanish: Los motivos de Berta) is a 1984 Spanish black and white film written and directed by José Luis Guerín (in his feature film debut). It stars Silvia Gracia, Arielle Dombasle, Iñaki Aierra, and Rafael Díaz.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Taking place in the fictional village of Sotoluego, the plot focus on the maturing of 13-year-old Berta. The monotonous life of the village is upended by the arrival of extravagant Demetrio and the settling of a film crew.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film boasted a budget of around 10 million ₧. It was shot in Melque de Cercos, province of Segovia.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film had a couple of press screenings on 9 March 1984 at Madrid's Cines Griffith. It was presented in the 'Cine Español' section of the 32nd San Sebastián International Film Festival in September 1984. It also made it to the programme of the 1984 Mostra de València [es] and to the non-competitive slate of the 35th Berlin International Film Festival (February 1985). It had a commercial release in Barcelona on 13 February 1985. Distribution issues notwithstanding, the film earned \"unanimous enthusiasm\" from the critics.",
"title": "Release"
}
] | Berta's Motives is a 1984 Spanish black and white film written and directed by José Luis Guerín. It stars Silvia Gracia, Arielle Dombasle, Iñaki Aierra, and Rafael Díaz. | 2023-12-06T00:37:20Z | 2023-12-06T00:47:14Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berta%27s_Motives |
75,494,754 | GV San José | Gualberto Villarroel Club Deportivo San José is a Bolivian football club based in Sud Carangas, Oruro. Founded in 1968, they play in Copa Simón Bolívar.
Founded on 16 July 1968 as Club Gualberto Villarroel as an honour to Bolivia's 39th president Gualberto Villarroel, the club first reached the Primera A of the Oruro Football Association in 2015. In 2021, the club did not participate in any tournament due to financial problems.
In January 2022, following the relegation of San José, the club was sold to José Sánchez Aguilar, and started a new project under the name of Gualberto Villarroel San José. Despite incorporating the name of the traditional club, it was not a merger between both sides.
After adopting the colours, uniform and symbol similar to the original San José, the club announced José Peña as manager and Paulo Folster as president in February 2022. They played their first match after the change in April 2022, with several supporters from San José protesting on the stands.
After missing out a place in the Copa Simón Bolívar in 2022, the club qualified to the tournament in the 2023 season. In that competition, they reached the finals, facing San Antonio Bulo Bulo. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gualberto Villarroel Club Deportivo San José is a Bolivian football club based in Sud Carangas, Oruro. Founded in 1968, they play in Copa Simón Bolívar.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Founded on 16 July 1968 as Club Gualberto Villarroel as an honour to Bolivia's 39th president Gualberto Villarroel, the club first reached the Primera A of the Oruro Football Association in 2015. In 2021, the club did not participate in any tournament due to financial problems.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In January 2022, following the relegation of San José, the club was sold to José Sánchez Aguilar, and started a new project under the name of Gualberto Villarroel San José. Despite incorporating the name of the traditional club, it was not a merger between both sides.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After adopting the colours, uniform and symbol similar to the original San José, the club announced José Peña as manager and Paulo Folster as president in February 2022. They played their first match after the change in April 2022, with several supporters from San José protesting on the stands.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After missing out a place in the Copa Simón Bolívar in 2022, the club qualified to the tournament in the 2023 season. In that competition, they reached the finals, facing San Antonio Bulo Bulo.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Gualberto Villarroel Club Deportivo San José is a Bolivian football club based in Sud Carangas, Oruro. Founded in 1968, they play in Copa Simón Bolívar. | 2023-12-06T00:39:25Z | 2023-12-11T00:10:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GV_San_Jos%C3%A9 |
75,494,760 | 2024 Sunshine Ladies Tour | The 2024 Sunshine Ladies Tour is the 11th season of the Sunshine Ladies Tour, a series of professional golf tournaments for women based in South Africa.
The season consists of 9 events, all held in South Africa, played between February and April.
The Dimension Data Ladies Pro-Am, played concurrent with the Sunshine Tour and Challenge Tour's co-sanctioned Dimension Data Pro-Am, keeps its elevated R2.5m purse.
The Investec South African Women's Open and the Joburg Ladies Open are again co-sanctioned with the Ladies European Tour. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Sunshine Ladies Tour is the 11th season of the Sunshine Ladies Tour, a series of professional golf tournaments for women based in South Africa.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The season consists of 9 events, all held in South Africa, played between February and April.",
"title": "Schedule"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Dimension Data Ladies Pro-Am, played concurrent with the Sunshine Tour and Challenge Tour's co-sanctioned Dimension Data Pro-Am, keeps its elevated R2.5m purse.",
"title": "Schedule"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Investec South African Women's Open and the Joburg Ladies Open are again co-sanctioned with the Ladies European Tour.",
"title": "Schedule"
}
] | The 2024 Sunshine Ladies Tour is the 11th season of the Sunshine Ladies Tour, a series of professional golf tournaments for women based in South Africa. | 2023-12-06T00:40:55Z | 2023-12-06T00:40:55Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Sunshine_Ladies_Tour |
75,494,776 | G4013 Yangzhou–Yueqing Expressway | The G4013 Yangzhou–Yueqing Expressway (Chinese: 扬州—乐清高速公路), commonly referred to as the Yangyue Expressway (Chinese: 扬乐高速公路), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Yangzhou, Jiangsu and Yueqing, Zhejiang.
The expressway starts in Yangzhou and passes through Danyang, Jintan, Anji, Lin'an, Tonglu, Yiwu, Pan'an, Xianju, before terminating in Yueqing. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The G4013 Yangzhou–Yueqing Expressway (Chinese: 扬州—乐清高速公路), commonly referred to as the Yangyue Expressway (Chinese: 扬乐高速公路), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Yangzhou, Jiangsu and Yueqing, Zhejiang.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The expressway starts in Yangzhou and passes through Danyang, Jintan, Anji, Lin'an, Tonglu, Yiwu, Pan'an, Xianju, before terminating in Yueqing.",
"title": "Route"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The G4013 Yangzhou–Yueqing Expressway, commonly referred to as the Yangyue Expressway, is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Yangzhou, Jiangsu and Yueqing, Zhejiang. | 2023-12-06T00:44:21Z | 2023-12-12T12:39:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G4013_Yangzhou%E2%80%93Yueqing_Expressway |
75,494,817 | 2024 Georgia Bulldogs football team | The 2024 Georgia Bulldogs football team will represent the University of Georgia in the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. The team will be led by Kirby Smart in his ninth year as Georgia's head coach.
Seventeen Georgia Bulldogs players via NCAA Transfer Portal during or after the 2023 season.
*= 247Sports Composite rating; ratings are out of 1.00. (five stars= 1.00–.98, four stars= .97–.90, three stars= .80–.89, two stars= .79–.70, no stars= <70) †= Despite being rated as a four and five star recruit by ESPN, On3.com, Rivals.com and 247Sports.com, TBD received a four-five star 247Sports Composite rating. Δ= Left the Georgia program following signing but prior to the 2024 season.
2024 Overall class rankings | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Georgia Bulldogs football team will represent the University of Georgia in the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. The team will be led by Kirby Smart in his ninth year as Georgia's head coach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Seventeen Georgia Bulldogs players via NCAA Transfer Portal during or after the 2023 season.",
"title": "Offseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "*= 247Sports Composite rating; ratings are out of 1.00. (five stars= 1.00–.98, four stars= .97–.90, three stars= .80–.89, two stars= .79–.70, no stars= <70) †= Despite being rated as a four and five star recruit by ESPN, On3.com, Rivals.com and 247Sports.com, TBD received a four-five star 247Sports Composite rating. Δ= Left the Georgia program following signing but prior to the 2024 season.",
"title": "Offseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "2024 Overall class rankings",
"title": "Offseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "Schedule"
}
] | The 2024 Georgia Bulldogs football team will represent the University of Georgia in the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. The team will be led by Kirby Smart in his ninth year as Georgia's head coach. | 2023-12-06T00:54:16Z | 2023-12-28T04:49:42Z | [
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75,494,818 | Madia Diop | Madia Diop (3 October 1928 – 11 November 2008) was a Senegalese trade union leader and political activist.
Born in Bambey, Diop was educated locally and then in Thiès, where his teacher was the prominent trade unionist Doudou Ngom. He worked from an early age at Vézia, alongside his father. After completing his studies, he moved to Dakar to work in sales. He moved back to Thiès in 1947, to work on the railway, and he joined the trade union, in which he worked alongside Biram Touré.
In 1951, Diop began working as an accountant for the Société des Brasseries de l'Ouest africain, joining the General Confederation of Labour. He took part in the 1952 general strike which led to the adoption of the Overseas Labour Code, and led his union branch from 1954. He was a founder of the Food Industries Workers' Trade Union in 1956, an executive committee of the General Union of Workers of Black Africa from 1957, and the main founder of the Senegalese Workers' Union.
Diop was also politically active, joining the Senegalese Democratic Union, then in 1958 was one of the founders of the African Regroupment Party – Senegal (PRA), within which he campaigned for the country's independence, while being an opponent of Léopold Sédar Senghor. He stood as an opposition candidate in the 1963 Senegalese general election. During the campaign, he was one of the main organisers of a demonstration which was fired on by army, leaving ten people dead. Diop was framed for the murders and sentenced to 20 years' hard labour. In January 1964, he escaped from prison and disguised himself as a mechanic, reaching Mali by train. He remained there until 1966, when the PRA joined the government, and secured a pardon for Diop.
Back in Dakar, Diop founded the National Union of Workers of Senegal (UNTS). In 1968, he called for a general strike in support of student protests. The movement was defeated, and Diop was interned. The UNTS was dissolved, and a more moderate National Confederation of Senegalese Workers (CNTS) was established in its place. Diop was not a founding member, but decided soon afterwards to join the new federation, and in 1970, he was elected as general secretary of its Dakar regional federation.
In 1980, Senghor stood down, and Diop used the transition to launch a campaign for reform of the CNTS. This culminated in 1983, with his election as general secretary of the federation. He remained politically active, prominent in the Socialist Party of Senegal, and during the 1993 Senegalese presidential election he was a leading supporter of Abdou Diouf's successful campaign. However, after the election, he led a general strike against government austerity measures.
Diop retired as leader of the CNTS in 2001, becoming its honorary president. He was also president of the ICFTU African Regional Organisation from 1993 until his retirement, around 2005. He served on the International Labour Organization's governing body from 1984 until 1990, and was Worker Vice-Chairperson of the International Labour Conference in 1996. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Madia Diop (3 October 1928 – 11 November 2008) was a Senegalese trade union leader and political activist.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Bambey, Diop was educated locally and then in Thiès, where his teacher was the prominent trade unionist Doudou Ngom. He worked from an early age at Vézia, alongside his father. After completing his studies, he moved to Dakar to work in sales. He moved back to Thiès in 1947, to work on the railway, and he joined the trade union, in which he worked alongside Biram Touré.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1951, Diop began working as an accountant for the Société des Brasseries de l'Ouest africain, joining the General Confederation of Labour. He took part in the 1952 general strike which led to the adoption of the Overseas Labour Code, and led his union branch from 1954. He was a founder of the Food Industries Workers' Trade Union in 1956, an executive committee of the General Union of Workers of Black Africa from 1957, and the main founder of the Senegalese Workers' Union.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Diop was also politically active, joining the Senegalese Democratic Union, then in 1958 was one of the founders of the African Regroupment Party – Senegal (PRA), within which he campaigned for the country's independence, while being an opponent of Léopold Sédar Senghor. He stood as an opposition candidate in the 1963 Senegalese general election. During the campaign, he was one of the main organisers of a demonstration which was fired on by army, leaving ten people dead. Diop was framed for the murders and sentenced to 20 years' hard labour. In January 1964, he escaped from prison and disguised himself as a mechanic, reaching Mali by train. He remained there until 1966, when the PRA joined the government, and secured a pardon for Diop.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Back in Dakar, Diop founded the National Union of Workers of Senegal (UNTS). In 1968, he called for a general strike in support of student protests. The movement was defeated, and Diop was interned. The UNTS was dissolved, and a more moderate National Confederation of Senegalese Workers (CNTS) was established in its place. Diop was not a founding member, but decided soon afterwards to join the new federation, and in 1970, he was elected as general secretary of its Dakar regional federation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1980, Senghor stood down, and Diop used the transition to launch a campaign for reform of the CNTS. This culminated in 1983, with his election as general secretary of the federation. He remained politically active, prominent in the Socialist Party of Senegal, and during the 1993 Senegalese presidential election he was a leading supporter of Abdou Diouf's successful campaign. However, after the election, he led a general strike against government austerity measures.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Diop retired as leader of the CNTS in 2001, becoming its honorary president. He was also president of the ICFTU African Regional Organisation from 1993 until his retirement, around 2005. He served on the International Labour Organization's governing body from 1984 until 1990, and was Worker Vice-Chairperson of the International Labour Conference in 1996.",
"title": ""
}
] | Madia Diop was a Senegalese trade union leader and political activist. Born in Bambey, Diop was educated locally and then in Thiès, where his teacher was the prominent trade unionist Doudou Ngom. He worked from an early age at Vézia, alongside his father. After completing his studies, he moved to Dakar to work in sales. He moved back to Thiès in 1947, to work on the railway, and he joined the trade union, in which he worked alongside Biram Touré. In 1951, Diop began working as an accountant for the Société des Brasseries de l'Ouest africain, joining the General Confederation of Labour. He took part in the 1952 general strike which led to the adoption of the Overseas Labour Code, and led his union branch from 1954. He was a founder of the Food Industries Workers' Trade Union in 1956, an executive committee of the General Union of Workers of Black Africa from 1957, and the main founder of the Senegalese Workers' Union. Diop was also politically active, joining the Senegalese Democratic Union, then in 1958 was one of the founders of the African Regroupment Party – Senegal (PRA), within which he campaigned for the country's independence, while being an opponent of Léopold Sédar Senghor. He stood as an opposition candidate in the 1963 Senegalese general election. During the campaign, he was one of the main organisers of a demonstration which was fired on by army, leaving ten people dead. Diop was framed for the murders and sentenced to 20 years' hard labour. In January 1964, he escaped from prison and disguised himself as a mechanic, reaching Mali by train. He remained there until 1966, when the PRA joined the government, and secured a pardon for Diop. Back in Dakar, Diop founded the National Union of Workers of Senegal (UNTS). In 1968, he called for a general strike in support of student protests. The movement was defeated, and Diop was interned. The UNTS was dissolved, and a more moderate National Confederation of Senegalese Workers (CNTS) was established in its place. Diop was not a founding member, but decided soon afterwards to join the new federation, and in 1970, he was elected as general secretary of its Dakar regional federation. In 1980, Senghor stood down, and Diop used the transition to launch a campaign for reform of the CNTS. This culminated in 1983, with his election as general secretary of the federation. He remained politically active, prominent in the Socialist Party of Senegal, and during the 1993 Senegalese presidential election he was a leading supporter of Abdou Diouf's successful campaign. However, after the election, he led a general strike against government austerity measures. Diop retired as leader of the CNTS in 2001, becoming its honorary president. He was also president of the ICFTU African Regional Organisation from 1993 until his retirement, around 2005. He served on the International Labour Organization's governing body from 1984 until 1990, and was Worker Vice-Chairperson of the International Labour Conference in 1996. | 2023-12-06T00:54:24Z | 2023-12-06T10:33:45Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madia_Diop |
75,494,826 | A Lover of the Theatre | A Lover of the Theatre (Hungarian: A színház szerelmese) is a 1944 Hungarian drama film directed by Emil Martonffi and starring Mária Egry, László Szilassy and Tibor Halmay. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest and on location in Transylvania. The film's sets were designed by the art director Mátyás Varga. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "A Lover of the Theatre (Hungarian: A színház szerelmese) is a 1944 Hungarian drama film directed by Emil Martonffi and starring Mária Egry, László Szilassy and Tibor Halmay. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest and on location in Transylvania. The film's sets were designed by the art director Mátyás Varga.",
"title": ""
}
] | A Lover of the Theatre is a 1944 Hungarian drama film directed by Emil Martonffi and starring Mária Egry, László Szilassy and Tibor Halmay. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest and on location in Transylvania. The film's sets were designed by the art director Mátyás Varga. | 2023-12-06T00:55:43Z | 2023-12-14T16:47:17Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Lover_of_the_Theatre |
75,494,834 | I.J.G.B. | I.J.G.B. (IPA: [Eye-Jay-Gee-Bee]) is a Nigerian slang term for a member of the upper classes that has just returned to the country after an extended period abroad. Its literal meaning is I just got back.
Sometimes described pejoratively, I.J.G.B.s are often regarded by other Nigerians as being indicative of the widening of Nigeria's diaspora and its wealth in the past thirty years. Prominent examples, like Eku Edewor and DJ Cuppy, typify the subclass as a whole.
Popular stereotypes from within the country about the speech, mentality, romantic methodology and relative affluence of Nigerian aristocrats and members of the bourgeoisie in general are all informed by how I.J.G.B.s - often their sons and daughters - are thought to behave. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "I.J.G.B. (IPA: [Eye-Jay-Gee-Bee]) is a Nigerian slang term for a member of the upper classes that has just returned to the country after an extended period abroad. Its literal meaning is I just got back.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Sometimes described pejoratively, I.J.G.B.s are often regarded by other Nigerians as being indicative of the widening of Nigeria's diaspora and its wealth in the past thirty years. Prominent examples, like Eku Edewor and DJ Cuppy, typify the subclass as a whole.",
"title": "Usage"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Popular stereotypes from within the country about the speech, mentality, romantic methodology and relative affluence of Nigerian aristocrats and members of the bourgeoisie in general are all informed by how I.J.G.B.s - often their sons and daughters - are thought to behave.",
"title": "Usage"
}
] | I.J.G.B. is a Nigerian slang term for a member of the upper classes that has just returned to the country after an extended period abroad. Its literal meaning is I just got back. | 2023-12-06T00:56:31Z | 2023-12-26T15:07:58Z | [
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75,494,838 | Maria Lopes | Maria J. Lopes is an American community activist and former politician who was the first African-American woman elected to the Rhode Island House of Representatives, serving from 1989 to 2001. A Cape Verdean American, she represented East Providence as a Democrat.
Of Cape Verdean descent, Lopes lived in the Wanskuck district of Providence, Rhode Island. Married to a firefighter, she became an activist after Mayor Joseph Doorley sought to sell the Valley View housing project, where she lived, to a private developer that planned to convert the property into luxury apartments. She organized 400 residents and supporters to occupy the Providence City Council chambers in protest on May 29, 1973, and helped to coordinate a lawsuit that led to the Rhode Island Supreme Court halting the sale of the Valley View property. Doorley lost the 1974 election, and Lopes became active in the fair housing movement and the Tenant Affairs Board, which she served as vice chair and president.
Lopes was elected to a seat in the Rhode Island House of Representatives in November 1988 and took office in early 1983, representing the 83rd House District as a Democrat. She was the first Black woman elected to the Rhode Island General Assembly. In September 1983, Lopes reached an agreement with Republican mayor Buddy Cianci to permit Valley View to be sold to a private developer but maintain 25% Section 8 housing at the property. Lopes lost her Democratic primary election in 2000 and left office in 2001. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Maria J. Lopes is an American community activist and former politician who was the first African-American woman elected to the Rhode Island House of Representatives, serving from 1989 to 2001. A Cape Verdean American, she represented East Providence as a Democrat.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Of Cape Verdean descent, Lopes lived in the Wanskuck district of Providence, Rhode Island. Married to a firefighter, she became an activist after Mayor Joseph Doorley sought to sell the Valley View housing project, where she lived, to a private developer that planned to convert the property into luxury apartments. She organized 400 residents and supporters to occupy the Providence City Council chambers in protest on May 29, 1973, and helped to coordinate a lawsuit that led to the Rhode Island Supreme Court halting the sale of the Valley View property. Doorley lost the 1974 election, and Lopes became active in the fair housing movement and the Tenant Affairs Board, which she served as vice chair and president.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lopes was elected to a seat in the Rhode Island House of Representatives in November 1988 and took office in early 1983, representing the 83rd House District as a Democrat. She was the first Black woman elected to the Rhode Island General Assembly. In September 1983, Lopes reached an agreement with Republican mayor Buddy Cianci to permit Valley View to be sold to a private developer but maintain 25% Section 8 housing at the property. Lopes lost her Democratic primary election in 2000 and left office in 2001.",
"title": "Life and career"
}
] | Maria J. Lopes is an American community activist and former politician who was the first African-American woman elected to the Rhode Island House of Representatives, serving from 1989 to 2001. A Cape Verdean American, she represented East Providence as a Democrat. | 2023-12-06T00:57:21Z | 2023-12-06T13:27:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Lopes |
75,494,839 | 1990 Puerto Rico Open – Doubles | There were no defending champions in this edition, as the last year final was cancelled due to rain. Patty Fendick and Jill Hetherington, winners of the 1988 edition, did not compete this year.
Elena Brioukhovets and Natalia Medvedeva won the title by defeating Amy Frazier and Julie Richardson 6–4, 6–2 in the final. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "There were no defending champions in this edition, as the last year final was cancelled due to rain. Patty Fendick and Jill Hetherington, winners of the 1988 edition, did not compete this year.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Elena Brioukhovets and Natalia Medvedeva won the title by defeating Amy Frazier and Julie Richardson 6–4, 6–2 in the final.",
"title": ""
}
] | There were no defending champions in this edition, as the last year final was cancelled due to rain. Patty Fendick and Jill Hetherington, winners of the 1988 edition, did not compete this year. Elena Brioukhovets and Natalia Medvedeva won the title by defeating Amy Frazier and Julie Richardson 6–4, 6–2 in the final. | 2023-12-06T00:57:25Z | 2023-12-06T01:23:26Z | [
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75,494,841 | William Harwood (burgess) | William Harwood (d.June 2, 1737) was a landowner and politician in the Colony of Virginia,who thrice represented Warwick County in the House of Burgesses.
One of the sons of Ann Needler and her planter and burgess husband Humphrey Harwood. He was likely named for his great-uncle William Harwood who had governed Martin's Hundred and served on the colony's governor's council as well as a burgess. Their father had apparently died by 1704, and this man outlived his brothers Humphrey (d. by 1713) and Thomas (d. by 1729). Another brother, John Harwood, paid taxes on 750 acres in Warwick County in 1704 and received a government subsidy for "taking up Jack an Indian boy" a decade later. Although he held no public offices and no probate record for him remains, Capt. John Harwood may be the mariner who sailed between Virginia, New England and London, including on the Sea Nymph that docked on the York River in 1739.
This William Harwood paid taxes on 625 acres in Warwick County in 1704, and in 1717 used a power of attorney from his London-based scrivener cousin, Needler Webb. In 1704, his elder brother Humphrey paid taxes on 400 acres in Warwick County (likely the Mulberry Island plantation called the "Beech" which their rather had given him in 1696) and by 1705 had begun serving on the local parish's vestry as well as one of the local justices of the peace. Although Humphrey Harwood Jr. in 1710 had accepted appointment as Warwick's sheriff, by 1713 he had died and this man was appointed executor of his estate. About a month before this man's death two decades later, he (or his namesake son William Harwood, Jr.) was also appointed administrator of the estate of his mariner son Thomas Harwell (to whom he had given a half acre lot in Yorktown) as well as became guardian of Thomas' children (this man's grandchildren) Elizabeth and Pate. Since the guardianship extended past this man's death, William Jr. appears to have completed the duty. Both men presumably operated the plantations using enslaved labor.
Like his father (and later his namesake son), Harwood represented Warwick County several times in the House of Burgesses, beginning in 1710 and winning re-election in 1712 (both times alongside fellow planter William Cary), then served alongside William Roscoe beginning in 1728.
His wife Elizabeth bore four sons and a daughter (Humphrey, William Jr., Thomas, Matthew and Ann).
Harwood died after falling from a horse on June 2, 1737. Within a decade, his son William Jr. continued the family's planter and political traditions by winning election (and multiple re-elections) to the House of Burgesses (as well as to all the Virginia Revolutionary conventions), becoming the longest-serving of all the men of that name. He also established Endview Plantation, now a historic house museum and park operated by the city of Newport News, which greatly expanded and absorbed Warwick County in the 1950s. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "William Harwood (d.June 2, 1737) was a landowner and politician in the Colony of Virginia,who thrice represented Warwick County in the House of Burgesses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "One of the sons of Ann Needler and her planter and burgess husband Humphrey Harwood. He was likely named for his great-uncle William Harwood who had governed Martin's Hundred and served on the colony's governor's council as well as a burgess. Their father had apparently died by 1704, and this man outlived his brothers Humphrey (d. by 1713) and Thomas (d. by 1729). Another brother, John Harwood, paid taxes on 750 acres in Warwick County in 1704 and received a government subsidy for \"taking up Jack an Indian boy\" a decade later. Although he held no public offices and no probate record for him remains, Capt. John Harwood may be the mariner who sailed between Virginia, New England and London, including on the Sea Nymph that docked on the York River in 1739.",
"title": "Early and family life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This William Harwood paid taxes on 625 acres in Warwick County in 1704, and in 1717 used a power of attorney from his London-based scrivener cousin, Needler Webb. In 1704, his elder brother Humphrey paid taxes on 400 acres in Warwick County (likely the Mulberry Island plantation called the \"Beech\" which their rather had given him in 1696) and by 1705 had begun serving on the local parish's vestry as well as one of the local justices of the peace. Although Humphrey Harwood Jr. in 1710 had accepted appointment as Warwick's sheriff, by 1713 he had died and this man was appointed executor of his estate. About a month before this man's death two decades later, he (or his namesake son William Harwood, Jr.) was also appointed administrator of the estate of his mariner son Thomas Harwell (to whom he had given a half acre lot in Yorktown) as well as became guardian of Thomas' children (this man's grandchildren) Elizabeth and Pate. Since the guardianship extended past this man's death, William Jr. appears to have completed the duty. Both men presumably operated the plantations using enslaved labor.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Like his father (and later his namesake son), Harwood represented Warwick County several times in the House of Burgesses, beginning in 1710 and winning re-election in 1712 (both times alongside fellow planter William Cary), then served alongside William Roscoe beginning in 1728.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "His wife Elizabeth bore four sons and a daughter (Humphrey, William Jr., Thomas, Matthew and Ann).",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Harwood died after falling from a horse on June 2, 1737. Within a decade, his son William Jr. continued the family's planter and political traditions by winning election (and multiple re-elections) to the House of Burgesses (as well as to all the Virginia Revolutionary conventions), becoming the longest-serving of all the men of that name. He also established Endview Plantation, now a historic house museum and park operated by the city of Newport News, which greatly expanded and absorbed Warwick County in the 1950s.",
"title": "Death and legacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | William Harwood was a landowner and politician in the Colony of Virginia,who thrice represented Warwick County in the House of Burgesses. | 2023-12-06T00:57:29Z | 2023-12-30T22:53:09Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harwood_(burgess) |
75,494,842 | Franta Bass | František "Franta" Bass (1930 – 28 October 1944) was a Jewish Czech poet and child victim of the Holocaust.
Bass wrote poems while in the Theresienstadt Ghetto. His work was published in the ghetto's secret magazine, Vedem. It was later featured in the book, I Never Saw Another Butterfly (1994), a compilation of art and poetry by children of Theresienstadt.
Bass was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia. He was Jewish.
Bass was forced into the Theresienstadt Ghetto on 2 December 1941. While there, he wrote poems that referenced his experiences. His poems were published in the Vedem, a secret magazine that was created by teenage boys in the ghetto.
Bass was sent to Auschwitz on 10 October 1944. He was murdered there on 28 October 1944.
His poems were featured in I Never Saw Another Butterfly, a compilation of art and poetry by children of Theresienstadt.
"The Garden"
A little garden,
Fragrant and full of roses,
The path is narrow
And a little boy walks along it.
A little boy, a sweet boy,
Like that growing blossom.
When the blossom comes to bloom,
The little boy will be no more.
"I Am A Jew"
I am a Jew and will be a Jew forever.
Even if I should die from hunger,
never will I submit.
I will always fight for my people,
on my honor.
I will never be ashamed of them,
I give my word.
I am proud of my people,
how dignified they are.
Even though I am suppressed,
I will always come back to life. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "František \"Franta\" Bass (1930 – 28 October 1944) was a Jewish Czech poet and child victim of the Holocaust.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bass wrote poems while in the Theresienstadt Ghetto. His work was published in the ghetto's secret magazine, Vedem. It was later featured in the book, I Never Saw Another Butterfly (1994), a compilation of art and poetry by children of Theresienstadt.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Bass was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia. He was Jewish.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Bass was forced into the Theresienstadt Ghetto on 2 December 1941. While there, he wrote poems that referenced his experiences. His poems were published in the Vedem, a secret magazine that was created by teenage boys in the ghetto.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Bass was sent to Auschwitz on 10 October 1944. He was murdered there on 28 October 1944.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "His poems were featured in I Never Saw Another Butterfly, a compilation of art and poetry by children of Theresienstadt.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "\"The Garden\"",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "A little garden,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Fragrant and full of roses,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The path is narrow",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "And a little boy walks along it.",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "A little boy, a sweet boy,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Like that growing blossom.",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "When the blossom comes to bloom,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The little boy will be no more.",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "\"I Am A Jew\"",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "I am a Jew and will be a Jew forever.",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Even if I should die from hunger,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "never will I submit.",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "I will always fight for my people,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "on my honor.",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "I will never be ashamed of them,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "I give my word.",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "I am proud of my people,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "how dignified they are.",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Even though I am suppressed,",
"title": "Poems"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "I will always come back to life.",
"title": "Poems"
}
] | František "Franta" Bass was a Jewish Czech poet and child victim of the Holocaust. Bass wrote poems while in the Theresienstadt Ghetto. His work was published in the ghetto's secret magazine, Vedem. It was later featured in the book, I Never Saw Another Butterfly (1994), a compilation of art and poetry by children of Theresienstadt. | 2023-12-06T00:58:02Z | 2023-12-17T21:40:56Z | [
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75,494,859 | NNZ-2591 | NNZ-2591 is a synthetic analog of cyclic glycine-proline and experimental drug developed for Angelman syndrome, Phelan-McDermid syndrome, Pitt Hopkins syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. | [
{
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"text": "NNZ-2591 is a synthetic analog of cyclic glycine-proline and experimental drug developed for Angelman syndrome, Phelan-McDermid syndrome, Pitt Hopkins syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome.",
"title": ""
}
] | NNZ-2591 is a synthetic analog of cyclic glycine-proline and experimental drug developed for Angelman syndrome, Phelan-McDermid syndrome, Pitt Hopkins syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. | 2023-12-06T01:01:06Z | 2023-12-25T23:35:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NNZ-2591 |
75,494,905 | Glimina Chakor | Glimina Chakor (born 26 March 1976 in Hoogezand-Sappemeer) is a Dutch politician from GroenLinks. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives for the GroenLinks–PvdA alliance. She was a municipal councillor in Groningen. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Glimina Chakor (born 26 March 1976 in Hoogezand-Sappemeer) is a Dutch politician from GroenLinks. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives for the GroenLinks–PvdA alliance. She was a municipal councillor in Groningen.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "See also"
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] | Glimina Chakor is a Dutch politician from GroenLinks. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives for the GroenLinks–PvdA alliance. She was a municipal councillor in Groningen. | 2023-12-06T01:14:07Z | 2023-12-23T17:16:17Z | [
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75,494,952 | Alberto Salomón Osorio | Alberto Salomón Osorio (Callao; November 15, 1877 — Lima; April 7, 1959) was a Peruvian diplomat and politician.
He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs on three occasions, between 1920 and 1925, during the Oncenio or government of Augusto B. Leguía. He is well remembered for having signed with the minister plenipotentiary of Colombia, Fabio Lozano Torrijos, the controversial Salomón-Lozano Treaty, which resolved the Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute (March 24, 1922). He was also Minister of Justice, Instruction and Worship (1919-1920), interim Minister of Finance and Commerce (1920) and interim Minister of the Navy (1921), as well as deputy and senator of the Republic.
His parents were Juan Salomón and Magdalena Osorio. He attended primary education at the Lima Institute and the Conciliar Seminary of Santo Toribio, and secondary education at the Peruvian Convictory. In 1894 he went on to pursue higher education at the National University of San Marcos, where he earned a doctorate in Jurisprudence and received his law degree (1902). He also graduated with a doctorate in Political and Administrative Sciences (1905).
While he was pursuing his university studies, he began publishing poetry in the magazine Letras de Tacna (1896) and in the biweekly La Neblina, directed by José Santos Chocano (1896-1897). He also collaborated in La Gran Revista (1897-1898) and Lima Ilustrada (1899-1900). He also edited La Vanguardia (1898) and translated the drama Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rostand, for El Modernismo (1900-1901). He was admitted as a member of the Ateneo de Lima.
He also developed an important teaching career: he was a professor at the College of Our Lady of Guadalupe (1905-1908), and a professor of Political Economy and Constitutional Law at the San Marcos faculties of Political and Administrative Sciences and Jurisprudence, respectively (1905-1911).
In 1911 he was elected deputy for the province of Andahuaylas and re-elected in 1913. He was a supporter of President Augusto B. Leguía, then in his first government. When the coup d'état of February 4, 1914 against Guillermo Billinghurst took place, he ardently defended the right to presidential succession of the first vice president Roberto Leguía (Augusto's brother). Congress was not dissolved but its sessions were frustrated on three occasions due to lack of quorum. In one of them, on March 21 of that same year, there were clashes and street shootings, resulting in Alberto Salomón himself being injured, who had himself carried on a stretcher to the parliamentary premises, struggling to enter. In 1919, when President Leguía began his eleventh anniversary, he was elected deputy for the province of Andahuaylas, department of Apurímac for the National Assembly of that year, which had the objective of issuing a new constitution, the Constitution of 1920, even reaching to be vice president of his chamber. He remained as an ordinary deputy until 1924. He then was a senator for the department of Junín between 1924 and 1930.
President Augusto B. Leguía summoned him to join his ministerial cabinet and in December 1919, he was invested as Minister of Justice and Instruction. As such, he was concerned with prison reform and the improvement of the Guadalupe and Fortín prisons. He temporarily took charge of the Minister of Finance in February 1920.
His best known position was that of Minister of Foreign Affairs (from October 1, 1920, to February 27, 1924), a role he assumed after the resignation of Chancellor Melitón Porras Osores [es]. He also temporarily held the Ministry of the Navy, in January 1921, due to the resignation of its head, Admiral Ontaneda, censured by Congress. After a short period of absence, he returned to the chancellery again, from April 29 to May 4, 1924, and again, from October 12, 1924, to June 19, 1925.
In his first period as chancellor, he signed with the English representative in Lima, Mr. A. C. Grant Duff, the arbitration protocol for the question of La Brea and Pariñas (May 27, 1921), complying with law No. 3016 of 1918 that ordered that said controversy be submitted to international arbitration.
In 1922, Salomón, who was more sympathetic to Leguía's policies in comparison to other politicians, signed the controversial Salomón-Lozano Treaty in 1922. After its signing, Colombia and Peru officially established their borders and exchanged strategic territories: Colombia obtained an entrance to the Amazon River through the Amazon Trapeze, while Peru de jure obtained a strategic exclave between the Putumayo and San Miguel rivers. Despite having ceded the territory to Colombia in 1916, the act was not recognized by the Ecuadorian government, however, since both signatory countries also had territorial disputes with Ecuador.
By the time the treaty was formally approved by Peru and Colombia, Salomón had already been definitively separated from the command of the chancellery and shortly before, from 1925 to 1927, he had served as legal advisor to the Peruvian delegation that took care of the preparations in Arica for the regional plebiscite, which did not take place. He then became legal advisor to the embassy in Washington, D.C., during the negotiations motivated by the frustrated plebiscite. From 1927 to 1930 he was senator for Junín.
After the fall of Leguía and the ascension of Lieutenant Colonel Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro in 1930, he went into exile. Years later he returned to Peru and devoted himself to his private life. He was president of the National Association of Writers and Artists (1945-1946). | [
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"title": ""
},
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"text": "He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs on three occasions, between 1920 and 1925, during the Oncenio or government of Augusto B. Leguía. He is well remembered for having signed with the minister plenipotentiary of Colombia, Fabio Lozano Torrijos, the controversial Salomón-Lozano Treaty, which resolved the Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute (March 24, 1922). He was also Minister of Justice, Instruction and Worship (1919-1920), interim Minister of Finance and Commerce (1920) and interim Minister of the Navy (1921), as well as deputy and senator of the Republic.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "His parents were Juan Salomón and Magdalena Osorio. He attended primary education at the Lima Institute and the Conciliar Seminary of Santo Toribio, and secondary education at the Peruvian Convictory. In 1894 he went on to pursue higher education at the National University of San Marcos, where he earned a doctorate in Jurisprudence and received his law degree (1902). He also graduated with a doctorate in Political and Administrative Sciences (1905).",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "While he was pursuing his university studies, he began publishing poetry in the magazine Letras de Tacna (1896) and in the biweekly La Neblina, directed by José Santos Chocano (1896-1897). He also collaborated in La Gran Revista (1897-1898) and Lima Ilustrada (1899-1900). He also edited La Vanguardia (1898) and translated the drama Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rostand, for El Modernismo (1900-1901). He was admitted as a member of the Ateneo de Lima.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He also developed an important teaching career: he was a professor at the College of Our Lady of Guadalupe (1905-1908), and a professor of Political Economy and Constitutional Law at the San Marcos faculties of Political and Administrative Sciences and Jurisprudence, respectively (1905-1911).",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1911 he was elected deputy for the province of Andahuaylas and re-elected in 1913. He was a supporter of President Augusto B. Leguía, then in his first government. When the coup d'état of February 4, 1914 against Guillermo Billinghurst took place, he ardently defended the right to presidential succession of the first vice president Roberto Leguía (Augusto's brother). Congress was not dissolved but its sessions were frustrated on three occasions due to lack of quorum. In one of them, on March 21 of that same year, there were clashes and street shootings, resulting in Alberto Salomón himself being injured, who had himself carried on a stretcher to the parliamentary premises, struggling to enter. In 1919, when President Leguía began his eleventh anniversary, he was elected deputy for the province of Andahuaylas, department of Apurímac for the National Assembly of that year, which had the objective of issuing a new constitution, the Constitution of 1920, even reaching to be vice president of his chamber. He remained as an ordinary deputy until 1924. He then was a senator for the department of Junín between 1924 and 1930.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "President Augusto B. Leguía summoned him to join his ministerial cabinet and in December 1919, he was invested as Minister of Justice and Instruction. As such, he was concerned with prison reform and the improvement of the Guadalupe and Fortín prisons. He temporarily took charge of the Minister of Finance in February 1920.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "His best known position was that of Minister of Foreign Affairs (from October 1, 1920, to February 27, 1924), a role he assumed after the resignation of Chancellor Melitón Porras Osores [es]. He also temporarily held the Ministry of the Navy, in January 1921, due to the resignation of its head, Admiral Ontaneda, censured by Congress. After a short period of absence, he returned to the chancellery again, from April 29 to May 4, 1924, and again, from October 12, 1924, to June 19, 1925.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In his first period as chancellor, he signed with the English representative in Lima, Mr. A. C. Grant Duff, the arbitration protocol for the question of La Brea and Pariñas (May 27, 1921), complying with law No. 3016 of 1918 that ordered that said controversy be submitted to international arbitration.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 1922, Salomón, who was more sympathetic to Leguía's policies in comparison to other politicians, signed the controversial Salomón-Lozano Treaty in 1922. After its signing, Colombia and Peru officially established their borders and exchanged strategic territories: Colombia obtained an entrance to the Amazon River through the Amazon Trapeze, while Peru de jure obtained a strategic exclave between the Putumayo and San Miguel rivers. Despite having ceded the territory to Colombia in 1916, the act was not recognized by the Ecuadorian government, however, since both signatory countries also had territorial disputes with Ecuador.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "By the time the treaty was formally approved by Peru and Colombia, Salomón had already been definitively separated from the command of the chancellery and shortly before, from 1925 to 1927, he had served as legal advisor to the Peruvian delegation that took care of the preparations in Arica for the regional plebiscite, which did not take place. He then became legal advisor to the embassy in Washington, D.C., during the negotiations motivated by the frustrated plebiscite. From 1927 to 1930 he was senator for Junín.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "After the fall of Leguía and the ascension of Lieutenant Colonel Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro in 1930, he went into exile. Years later he returned to Peru and devoted himself to his private life. He was president of the National Association of Writers and Artists (1945-1946).",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Alberto Salomón Osorio was a Peruvian diplomat and politician. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs on three occasions, between 1920 and 1925, during the Oncenio or government of Augusto B. Leguía. He is well remembered for having signed with the minister plenipotentiary of Colombia, Fabio Lozano Torrijos, the controversial Salomón-Lozano Treaty, which resolved the Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute. He was also Minister of Justice, Instruction and Worship (1919-1920), interim Minister of Finance and Commerce (1920) and interim Minister of the Navy (1921), as well as deputy and senator of the Republic. | 2023-12-06T01:24:27Z | 2023-12-29T20:18:38Z | [
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75,494,953 | Babatunde Lawal Salako | Babatunde Lawal Salako (born 23 July 1959) is a Nigerian professor and author who is the Director-General of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos. Salako previously served as the first medical director at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, from 1978 to 1984.
Salako was born on 23 July 1959 to the Salako family of 18 children in Sango Ota in Ogun State with Salako being the last.
Salako attended Ansar Ud-Deen Practising School and Ansar-ud-deen College Offa for his Senior Secondary School certificate before proceeding to Kwara State College of Technology Ilorin and earned his Degree at University of Ibadan.
Salako was employed by the University of Ibadan, he served as Professor of Nephrology at the College of Medicine and held the positions of Honorary Consultant Physician. Salako was the pioneer medical director of University College Hospital, Ibadan from 1978 to 1984 and served as the provost of the College of Medicine from 2014 to 2016.
Salako is the current director-general of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research.
He is a member of Nigerian Academy of Science, International Society on Hypertension in Blacks, African Society of Human Genetics, International Society of Nephrology, Global Forum for Health Research, and World Heart Federation. He is a fellow for the residency training in department of Medicine at University of Ibadan. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Babatunde Lawal Salako (born 23 July 1959) is a Nigerian professor and author who is the Director-General of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos. Salako previously served as the first medical director at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, from 1978 to 1984.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Salako was born on 23 July 1959 to the Salako family of 18 children in Sango Ota in Ogun State with Salako being the last.",
"title": "Early life and education"
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{
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"text": "Salako attended Ansar Ud-Deen Practising School and Ansar-ud-deen College Offa for his Senior Secondary School certificate before proceeding to Kwara State College of Technology Ilorin and earned his Degree at University of Ibadan.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Salako was employed by the University of Ibadan, he served as Professor of Nephrology at the College of Medicine and held the positions of Honorary Consultant Physician. Salako was the pioneer medical director of University College Hospital, Ibadan from 1978 to 1984 and served as the provost of the College of Medicine from 2014 to 2016.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Salako is the current director-general of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "He is a member of Nigerian Academy of Science, International Society on Hypertension in Blacks, African Society of Human Genetics, International Society of Nephrology, Global Forum for Health Research, and World Heart Federation. He is a fellow for the residency training in department of Medicine at University of Ibadan.",
"title": "Membership"
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{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Babatunde Lawal Salako is a Nigerian professor and author who is the Director-General of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos. Salako previously served as the first medical director at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, from 1978 to 1984. | 2023-12-06T01:24:38Z | 2023-12-22T18:24:09Z | [
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75,494,961 | Sándor Tompa | Sándor Tompa (1903–1969) was a Hungarian film and stage actor. He was born in Transylvania, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire which was ceded to Romania after the First World War and acted in the Hungarian language theatre in Cluj. In cinema he was a character actor, appearing often in supporting roles although he played the title character in the 1940 film Gábor Göre Returns. | [
{
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"text": "Sándor Tompa (1903–1969) was a Hungarian film and stage actor. He was born in Transylvania, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire which was ceded to Romania after the First World War and acted in the Hungarian language theatre in Cluj. In cinema he was a character actor, appearing often in supporting roles although he played the title character in the 1940 film Gábor Göre Returns.",
"title": ""
},
{
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] | Sándor Tompa (1903–1969) was a Hungarian film and stage actor. He was born in Transylvania, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire which was ceded to Romania after the First World War and acted in the Hungarian language theatre in Cluj. In cinema he was a character actor, appearing often in supporting roles although he played the title character in the 1940 film Gábor Göre Returns. | 2023-12-06T01:25:51Z | 2023-12-25T02:49:45Z | [
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75,495,019 | Daniëlle Hirsch | Daniëlle Hirsch (born 5 April 1968 in Amstelveen) is a Dutch politician from GroenLinks. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives for the GroenLinks–PvdA alliance. | [
{
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"text": "Daniëlle Hirsch (born 5 April 1968 in Amstelveen) is a Dutch politician from GroenLinks. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives for the GroenLinks–PvdA alliance.",
"title": ""
}
] | Daniëlle Hirsch is a Dutch politician from GroenLinks. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives for the GroenLinks–PvdA alliance. | 2023-12-06T01:32:23Z | 2023-12-23T17:28:33Z | [
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75,495,091 | Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden | Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden is a 1995 fighting video game developed by Tose and published by Bandai for the Sega Saturn. Based upon Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball franchise, its gameplay is similar to the Super Butōden sub-series, consisting of one-on-one fights featuring special moves, as well as five playable modes including one featuring Mr. Satan as the main character.
Announced under the working title Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden Sega Saturn, Shin Butōden shares the same character sprites and roster with another Dragon Ball Z fighting game developed by Tose for the PlayStation, Ultimate Battle 22, released months earlier. The game garnered average reception from critics; Reviewers praised the character roster and multiple game modes, particularly the Mr. Satan mode, but most felt mixed regarding the audiovisual presentation. The title sold approximately between 59,035 and 110,000 copies during its lifetime in Japan.
Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden is a fighting game similar to the Super Butōden sub-series. Players fight against other characters in one-on-one matches and the fighter who manages to deplete the health bar of the opponent wins the bout and becomes the winner of the match. The game contains five modes of play: Story mode, Versus mode, Group Battle mode, Tournament mode, and Mr. Satan mode. The game also features a roster of 22 playable characters and their respective transformations. Characters available are: Goku, Piccolo, Vegeta, Frieza, Android 18, Android 16, Cell, Trunks, Gohan, Tien Shinhan, Dabura, Majin Buu, Mr. Satan, and Gogeta.
Shin Butōden uses a customizable control scheme. Special moves are present in conventional format, with most commands consisting of button combinations. Characters can dash back and forth, and also charge their Ki gauge to unleash a special attack. Returning from the Super Butōden sub-series is the split-screen feature: when one of the two combatants moves far away in the playfield, the view is split to keep both fighters shown in a single screen while their positioning is kept via an on-screen radar. In Group Battle, players gets to create a team of five characters and fight against either another player or an AI-controlled character. In Mr. Satan mode, Mr. Satan is trying to raise enough money to pay off his debt to Android 18, and the player places bets on matches and cheats by using several items, such as banana peels, guns, and dynamite.
Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden was first announced under the working title Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden Sega Saturn. It was produced by Takeo Isogai of Bandai's multimedia division. Toei Animation participated in the game's production with the creation of character sprites. Shin Butōden shares the same character sprites and roster with another fighting game developed by Tose for the PlayStation called Dragon Ball Z: Ultimate Battle 22, which was released months earlier on July 28, 1995. The soundtrack was composed by Kenji Yamamoto. The title was released by Bandai for the Sega Saturn in Japan on November 17, 1995.
Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden garnered average reception from critics. Readers of Saturn Fan and the Japanese Sega Saturn Magazine voted to give the game scores of 19.5 out of 30 and 6.1549 out of 10 respectively, ranking among Sega Saturn games at the number 765 spot in a 2000 public poll. According to Famitsu, the title sold over 43,077 copies respectively in its first week on the market. It sold between 59,035 and 110,000 copies during its lifetime in Japan.
Joypad's Grégoire Hellot praised the game's character roster and multiple game modes, particularly the Mr. Satan mode, but criticized the visuals and sluggish sprite animations. Consoles +' Maxime Roure and Marc Menier found Shin Butōden better than Dragon Ball Z: Ultimate Battle 22 on PlayStation. They commended the game's overall presentation, audiovisual department, attack animations, and playability. Mega Force's Laurent Cotillon felt the game did not make proper use of the Sega Saturn hardware, comparing the game with Dragon Ball Z: Buyū Retsuden on Sega Mega Drive. Última Generación's Javier Sanz Fernández wrote that "Bandai offers fans of the series a remarkable title that faithfully transmits the essence of the television characters". Fernández gave positive remarks to the game's graphical aspect for its large character sprites, as well as the various game modes.
MAN!AC's Robert Bannert said the game was slimmed down compared to Ultimate Battle 22, noting its blurry visuals and hectic controls. Writing for the official Spanish Dragon Ball GT magazine, Álvaro Prieto stated that the game "integrates the best aspects of all Dragon Ball fighting games". José Ángel Ciudad of Spanish magazine GamesTech expressed appreciation towards its game system, which he found similar to those of the SNES entries. HobbyConsolas' Antonio Sánchez-Migallón highlighted the game's stages for being faithful to the anime compared to Ultimate Battle 22, as well as the character artwork. In a retrospective outlook, MeriStation's Salva Fernàndez wrote that Shin Butōden was not balanced or playable as Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden 2, feeling that it paled in several aspects. | [
{
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Announced under the working title Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden Sega Saturn, Shin Butōden shares the same character sprites and roster with another Dragon Ball Z fighting game developed by Tose for the PlayStation, Ultimate Battle 22, released months earlier. The game garnered average reception from critics; Reviewers praised the character roster and multiple game modes, particularly the Mr. Satan mode, but most felt mixed regarding the audiovisual presentation. The title sold approximately between 59,035 and 110,000 copies during its lifetime in Japan.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden is a fighting game similar to the Super Butōden sub-series. Players fight against other characters in one-on-one matches and the fighter who manages to deplete the health bar of the opponent wins the bout and becomes the winner of the match. The game contains five modes of play: Story mode, Versus mode, Group Battle mode, Tournament mode, and Mr. Satan mode. The game also features a roster of 22 playable characters and their respective transformations. Characters available are: Goku, Piccolo, Vegeta, Frieza, Android 18, Android 16, Cell, Trunks, Gohan, Tien Shinhan, Dabura, Majin Buu, Mr. Satan, and Gogeta.",
"title": "Gameplay"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Shin Butōden uses a customizable control scheme. Special moves are present in conventional format, with most commands consisting of button combinations. Characters can dash back and forth, and also charge their Ki gauge to unleash a special attack. Returning from the Super Butōden sub-series is the split-screen feature: when one of the two combatants moves far away in the playfield, the view is split to keep both fighters shown in a single screen while their positioning is kept via an on-screen radar. In Group Battle, players gets to create a team of five characters and fight against either another player or an AI-controlled character. In Mr. Satan mode, Mr. Satan is trying to raise enough money to pay off his debt to Android 18, and the player places bets on matches and cheats by using several items, such as banana peels, guns, and dynamite.",
"title": "Gameplay"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden was first announced under the working title Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden Sega Saturn. It was produced by Takeo Isogai of Bandai's multimedia division. Toei Animation participated in the game's production with the creation of character sprites. Shin Butōden shares the same character sprites and roster with another fighting game developed by Tose for the PlayStation called Dragon Ball Z: Ultimate Battle 22, which was released months earlier on July 28, 1995. The soundtrack was composed by Kenji Yamamoto. The title was released by Bandai for the Sega Saturn in Japan on November 17, 1995.",
"title": "Development and release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden garnered average reception from critics. Readers of Saturn Fan and the Japanese Sega Saturn Magazine voted to give the game scores of 19.5 out of 30 and 6.1549 out of 10 respectively, ranking among Sega Saturn games at the number 765 spot in a 2000 public poll. According to Famitsu, the title sold over 43,077 copies respectively in its first week on the market. It sold between 59,035 and 110,000 copies during its lifetime in Japan.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Joypad's Grégoire Hellot praised the game's character roster and multiple game modes, particularly the Mr. Satan mode, but criticized the visuals and sluggish sprite animations. Consoles +' Maxime Roure and Marc Menier found Shin Butōden better than Dragon Ball Z: Ultimate Battle 22 on PlayStation. They commended the game's overall presentation, audiovisual department, attack animations, and playability. Mega Force's Laurent Cotillon felt the game did not make proper use of the Sega Saturn hardware, comparing the game with Dragon Ball Z: Buyū Retsuden on Sega Mega Drive. Última Generación's Javier Sanz Fernández wrote that \"Bandai offers fans of the series a remarkable title that faithfully transmits the essence of the television characters\". Fernández gave positive remarks to the game's graphical aspect for its large character sprites, as well as the various game modes.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "MAN!AC's Robert Bannert said the game was slimmed down compared to Ultimate Battle 22, noting its blurry visuals and hectic controls. Writing for the official Spanish Dragon Ball GT magazine, Álvaro Prieto stated that the game \"integrates the best aspects of all Dragon Ball fighting games\". José Ángel Ciudad of Spanish magazine GamesTech expressed appreciation towards its game system, which he found similar to those of the SNES entries. HobbyConsolas' Antonio Sánchez-Migallón highlighted the game's stages for being faithful to the anime compared to Ultimate Battle 22, as well as the character artwork. In a retrospective outlook, MeriStation's Salva Fernàndez wrote that Shin Butōden was not balanced or playable as Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden 2, feeling that it paled in several aspects.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden is a 1995 fighting video game developed by Tose and published by Bandai for the Sega Saturn. Based upon Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball franchise, its gameplay is similar to the Super Butōden sub-series, consisting of one-on-one fights featuring special moves, as well as five playable modes including one featuring Mr. Satan as the main character. Announced under the working title Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden Sega Saturn, Shin Butōden shares the same character sprites and roster with another Dragon Ball Z fighting game developed by Tose for the PlayStation, Ultimate Battle 22, released months earlier. The game garnered average reception from critics; Reviewers praised the character roster and multiple game modes, particularly the Mr. Satan mode, but most felt mixed regarding the audiovisual presentation. The title sold approximately between 59,035 and 110,000 copies during its lifetime in Japan. | 2007-02-15T03:56:03Z | 2023-12-27T04:28:11Z | [
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75,495,140 | 1935 Match of Champions | The 1935 Match of Champions was a single-game rugby league football contest pitting Rugby Football League champions Swinton RLFC against French champions SA Villeneuvois of Villeneuve-sur-Lot. It took place in the Bordeaux suburb of Talence on 19 May 1935, shortly after their respective domestic wins.
The Rugby Football League of England played an active role in the introduction of its code to France, and was eager to support its fledgling equivalent, the Ligue de Rugby à XIII, by agreeing to many Anglo-French fixtures, which served as both teaching tools and promotional vehicles for the game thanks to the longstanding rivalry between the two countries. A grand final between the national champions of both countries was considered as soon as both organizations started working together on the 1934–35 schedule in May 1934. The date of the game was announced as part of the season's provisional schedule in late August 1934. A game between French Cup winners US Lyon-Villeurbanne and Challenge Cup winners Castleford RLFC was also organized on 12 May in the Paris suburb of Montrouge. Before both were assigned to French cities, each contest was planned to alternate between a French and a British host.
Swinton RLFC, which had already expressed their intent to participate prior to their domestic championship game, finalized playing arrangements on May 14, and left Manchester for France on May 17. Their contract stipulated that they would receive no share of the games' proceeds, other than the reimbursement of their expenses. The touring party consisted of three executives, a secretary, a trainer and 16 players, including three alternates named as Th. Holland (scrum-half), S. Woodall (second row) and John Stoddart (front row). Villeneuve presented its best possible lineup for the game. As they were already assured of the French title (which was then decided by a regular season only), Villeneuve stars Max Rousié and Jean Galia opted to sit out their final championship game the previous week against Bordeaux, which resulted in a loss. It was particularly crucial to Rousié, who was still limited by the same knee injury that had caused him kept him to miss Team France's Jubilee Game against Great Britain.
Following the French representatives' encouraging showings in the Jubilee Match and the Cup Winners' Match, a win was considered a real possibility by the press, although it was noted that Villeneuve had looked fatigued in the final stretch of the domestic season. In the UK, the Manchester Evening Chronicle thought that Swinton had a good chance of prevailing, but noted that their workmanlike style had left many observers unimpressed. Tickets were priced between 8 and 15 francs according to one source, and between 5 and 13.25 francs according to another. The event proved a massive success at the gate, and Parc de Suzon was too small to satisfy public demand.
The game was a prolific affair. The scoring started almost immediately with a 50-metre penalty kick by Rousié, but the pace picked up even further in the second, with both teams scoring four tries each. While the contest was close and ultimately decided by a single penalty kick in the first, the scoreline was somewhat flattering for the French, who were outplayed most of the time, especially in scrums. Hodgson's second-period try, an almost coast-to-coast effort that started behind the Brittons' 22-metre line, and only took seven or eight passes to move the ball all the way up the field, was revelatory of the true difference in class between the two teams, and some were underwhelmed by Villeneuve's performance. Hodgson shone for the Brittons, while Daffis was deemed to have been Villeneuve's best player. French teammate and star Jean Galia was injured during the game.
Just like in the Cup Winners' Match held in Paris one week prior, the French representative's narrow defeat, possibly exacerbated by a misunderstanding of the new code's offside rules, inflamed the public's frustration. The referee was blamed for awarding a disputed try to Swinton, and denying one to Villeneuve. Although, unlike in the Paris, lead official Albert Dupouy was French and a former union international, this did not do anything to pacify the crowd, who invaded the field at the end of the game, and attempted to assault him. He had to be escorted back to his locker room under the protection of the police.
Fullback: Marius Guiral Threequarters: Ernest Camo, Étienne Cougnenc, Max Rousié, ? Dazenières Halfbacks: Georges Lhespitaou (fly-half), Pierre Brinsolles (scrum-half) Forwards: Maurice Laffargue (lock), Jean Galia, Antoine Puyuelo (second row), Jean Daffis, Maurice Porra, Jean Barrès (front row)
Fullback: Bob Scott Threequarters: Frank Buckingham, Arthur Hickman, Harold Evens, W. Shaw Halfbacks: R. Green (fly-half), Bryn Evans (scrum half) Forwards: James Sullivan (lock), Fred Butters, Martin Hodgson (second row), Gomer Hughes, Tom Armitt, Joe Wright (front row)
Contrary to Castleford's visit, which consisted of a standalone fixture, Swinton's visit was turned into a four-game tour. Following the unification game, they followed with three exhibition fixtures. The Mancunians' trip was planned to run concurrently with a second French tour by Leeds RLFC. However, Leeds cancelled their appearance (they would reschedule one at the start of the following season), and the two tours were condensed into one. Despite Swinton not receiving payment for their participation, host club Pau XIII found the fee charged by the French Rugby League to book the English tourists quite taxing on their finances. The match against the South France selects was originally scheduled to take place in Toulouse, before the hosting rights were picked up by a cycling club in Cognac, whose federation was typically much more accommodating to the new code than those representing rugby union and association football.
The contest was originally supposed to be an annual event, featuring the current champions of France and England. However, the date of the 1936 edition was apparently not chosen until late into the season, when a 10 May 1936 date was announced. However, the contest could not take place on that day, due to the postponement of the NRFL Championship's elimination rounds, with the final being moved from 2 May to 9 May. The 10 May date was filled by a contest between the winner of the French Cup (Côte Basque) and the winner of the French championship (XIII Catalan), which was played in Perpignan and won by the former by a score of 16–15.
To accommodate the English delay, XIII Catalan adjusted their schedule, extending a new offer to the last two teams in the running for the RFL title, Widnes RLFC and Hull RLFC, for 17 May. Contemporary British press indicates that Widnes accepted the challenge two days prior to the final, win or lose. The financial conditions offered by the French were described as less than enticing, but the allure of a journey to France convinced the Widnes players to commit anyway. Widnes also entered talks with Côte Basque and Bordeaux to play exhibitions on their grounds and extend the trip into a one week tour. Following their loss in the championship final, the unification game against XIII Catalan was dropped from the program, and Widnes' tour of France proceeded purely as an exhibition affair. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1935 Match of Champions was a single-game rugby league football contest pitting Rugby Football League champions Swinton RLFC against French champions SA Villeneuvois of Villeneuve-sur-Lot. It took place in the Bordeaux suburb of Talence on 19 May 1935, shortly after their respective domestic wins.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Rugby Football League of England played an active role in the introduction of its code to France, and was eager to support its fledgling equivalent, the Ligue de Rugby à XIII, by agreeing to many Anglo-French fixtures, which served as both teaching tools and promotional vehicles for the game thanks to the longstanding rivalry between the two countries. A grand final between the national champions of both countries was considered as soon as both organizations started working together on the 1934–35 schedule in May 1934. The date of the game was announced as part of the season's provisional schedule in late August 1934. A game between French Cup winners US Lyon-Villeurbanne and Challenge Cup winners Castleford RLFC was also organized on 12 May in the Paris suburb of Montrouge. Before both were assigned to French cities, each contest was planned to alternate between a French and a British host.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Swinton RLFC, which had already expressed their intent to participate prior to their domestic championship game, finalized playing arrangements on May 14, and left Manchester for France on May 17. Their contract stipulated that they would receive no share of the games' proceeds, other than the reimbursement of their expenses. The touring party consisted of three executives, a secretary, a trainer and 16 players, including three alternates named as Th. Holland (scrum-half), S. Woodall (second row) and John Stoddart (front row). Villeneuve presented its best possible lineup for the game. As they were already assured of the French title (which was then decided by a regular season only), Villeneuve stars Max Rousié and Jean Galia opted to sit out their final championship game the previous week against Bordeaux, which resulted in a loss. It was particularly crucial to Rousié, who was still limited by the same knee injury that had caused him kept him to miss Team France's Jubilee Game against Great Britain.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following the French representatives' encouraging showings in the Jubilee Match and the Cup Winners' Match, a win was considered a real possibility by the press, although it was noted that Villeneuve had looked fatigued in the final stretch of the domestic season. In the UK, the Manchester Evening Chronicle thought that Swinton had a good chance of prevailing, but noted that their workmanlike style had left many observers unimpressed. Tickets were priced between 8 and 15 francs according to one source, and between 5 and 13.25 francs according to another. The event proved a massive success at the gate, and Parc de Suzon was too small to satisfy public demand.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The game was a prolific affair. The scoring started almost immediately with a 50-metre penalty kick by Rousié, but the pace picked up even further in the second, with both teams scoring four tries each. While the contest was close and ultimately decided by a single penalty kick in the first, the scoreline was somewhat flattering for the French, who were outplayed most of the time, especially in scrums. Hodgson's second-period try, an almost coast-to-coast effort that started behind the Brittons' 22-metre line, and only took seven or eight passes to move the ball all the way up the field, was revelatory of the true difference in class between the two teams, and some were underwhelmed by Villeneuve's performance. Hodgson shone for the Brittons, while Daffis was deemed to have been Villeneuve's best player. French teammate and star Jean Galia was injured during the game.",
"title": "Game summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Just like in the Cup Winners' Match held in Paris one week prior, the French representative's narrow defeat, possibly exacerbated by a misunderstanding of the new code's offside rules, inflamed the public's frustration. The referee was blamed for awarding a disputed try to Swinton, and denying one to Villeneuve. Although, unlike in the Paris, lead official Albert Dupouy was French and a former union international, this did not do anything to pacify the crowd, who invaded the field at the end of the game, and attempted to assault him. He had to be escorted back to his locker room under the protection of the police.",
"title": "Game summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Fullback: Marius Guiral Threequarters: Ernest Camo, Étienne Cougnenc, Max Rousié, ? Dazenières Halfbacks: Georges Lhespitaou (fly-half), Pierre Brinsolles (scrum-half) Forwards: Maurice Laffargue (lock), Jean Galia, Antoine Puyuelo (second row), Jean Daffis, Maurice Porra, Jean Barrès (front row)",
"title": "Match details"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Fullback: Bob Scott Threequarters: Frank Buckingham, Arthur Hickman, Harold Evens, W. Shaw Halfbacks: R. Green (fly-half), Bryn Evans (scrum half) Forwards: James Sullivan (lock), Fred Butters, Martin Hodgson (second row), Gomer Hughes, Tom Armitt, Joe Wright (front row)",
"title": "Match details"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Contrary to Castleford's visit, which consisted of a standalone fixture, Swinton's visit was turned into a four-game tour. Following the unification game, they followed with three exhibition fixtures. The Mancunians' trip was planned to run concurrently with a second French tour by Leeds RLFC. However, Leeds cancelled their appearance (they would reschedule one at the start of the following season), and the two tours were condensed into one. Despite Swinton not receiving payment for their participation, host club Pau XIII found the fee charged by the French Rugby League to book the English tourists quite taxing on their finances. The match against the South France selects was originally scheduled to take place in Toulouse, before the hosting rights were picked up by a cycling club in Cognac, whose federation was typically much more accommodating to the new code than those representing rugby union and association football.",
"title": "Swinton tour of France"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The contest was originally supposed to be an annual event, featuring the current champions of France and England. However, the date of the 1936 edition was apparently not chosen until late into the season, when a 10 May 1936 date was announced. However, the contest could not take place on that day, due to the postponement of the NRFL Championship's elimination rounds, with the final being moved from 2 May to 9 May. The 10 May date was filled by a contest between the winner of the French Cup (Côte Basque) and the winner of the French championship (XIII Catalan), which was played in Perpignan and won by the former by a score of 16–15.",
"title": "Cancelled 1936 edition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "To accommodate the English delay, XIII Catalan adjusted their schedule, extending a new offer to the last two teams in the running for the RFL title, Widnes RLFC and Hull RLFC, for 17 May. Contemporary British press indicates that Widnes accepted the challenge two days prior to the final, win or lose. The financial conditions offered by the French were described as less than enticing, but the allure of a journey to France convinced the Widnes players to commit anyway. Widnes also entered talks with Côte Basque and Bordeaux to play exhibitions on their grounds and extend the trip into a one week tour. Following their loss in the championship final, the unification game against XIII Catalan was dropped from the program, and Widnes' tour of France proceeded purely as an exhibition affair.",
"title": "Cancelled 1936 edition"
}
] | The 1935 Match of Champions was a single-game rugby league football contest pitting Rugby Football League champions Swinton RLFC against French champions SA Villeneuvois of Villeneuve-sur-Lot. It took place in the Bordeaux suburb of Talence on 19 May 1935, shortly after their respective domestic wins. | 2023-12-06T01:44:00Z | 2023-12-06T10:29:06Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Match_of_Champions |
75,495,146 | Ferenc Fekete | Ferenc Fekete (1914–1981) was a Hungarian cinematographer and film director. He was noted for his camerawork on the 1942 neorealist film People of the Mountains (1942) After the Second World War he emigrated to Brazil where he set up a production company with fellow Hungarian Rudolf Icsey. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ferenc Fekete (1914–1981) was a Hungarian cinematographer and film director. He was noted for his camerawork on the 1942 neorealist film People of the Mountains (1942) After the Second World War he emigrated to Brazil where he set up a production company with fellow Hungarian Rudolf Icsey.",
"title": ""
}
] | Ferenc Fekete (1914–1981) was a Hungarian cinematographer and film director. He was noted for his camerawork on the 1942 neorealist film People of the Mountains (1942) After the Second World War he emigrated to Brazil where he set up a production company with fellow Hungarian Rudolf Icsey. | 2023-12-06T01:46:02Z | 2023-12-06T18:29:17Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Fekete |
75,495,187 | Ma Zixiang | Ma Zixiang is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a defender for in the Chinese Women's Super League and a member of the Chinese women's national football team. She represented China in the 2008 AFC Women's Asian Cup. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ma Zixiang is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a defender for in the Chinese Women's Super League and a member of the Chinese women's national football team. She represented China in the 2008 AFC Women's Asian Cup.",
"title": ""
}
] | Ma Zixiang is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a defender for in the Chinese Women's Super League and a member of the Chinese women's national football team. She represented China in the 2008 AFC Women's Asian Cup. | 2023-12-06T01:51:00Z | 2023-12-07T13:14:55Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Zixiang |
75,495,193 | Alma R. Gomez | Alma R. Gómez (1957) is a painter and art professor at Boise State University.
Gómez was born in Seagraves, Texas. In 1983, she earned an Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Pan American University in Edinburg, Texas and in 1989 began graduate school at Boise State University in Idaho where she earned a Master of Arts in art education in 1991 and a Master of Fine Arts in painting and drawing in 2001. She teaches art at Boise State University.
Her 2000 acrylic on canvas painting titled El Sagrado Corazon (The Sacred Heart) was featured on page 92 in Chicano Art for Our Millennium edited by Gary D. Keller, Mary Erickson and Pat Villeneuve, published by Bilingual Press in 2004.
Gómez's art has been featured on the cover of two books by Richard Baker tiled Los Dos Mundos, Another America in 1995 and Mexican American Students in 1999.
In 2001, Gómez published two essays on Chicano art. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alma R. Gómez (1957) is a painter and art professor at Boise State University.",
"title": "Article Draft"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Gómez was born in Seagraves, Texas. In 1983, she earned an Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Pan American University in Edinburg, Texas and in 1989 began graduate school at Boise State University in Idaho where she earned a Master of Arts in art education in 1991 and a Master of Fine Arts in painting and drawing in 2001. She teaches art at Boise State University.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Her 2000 acrylic on canvas painting titled El Sagrado Corazon (The Sacred Heart) was featured on page 92 in Chicano Art for Our Millennium edited by Gary D. Keller, Mary Erickson and Pat Villeneuve, published by Bilingual Press in 2004.",
"title": "Art"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Gómez's art has been featured on the cover of two books by Richard Baker tiled Los Dos Mundos, Another America in 1995 and Mexican American Students in 1999.",
"title": "Art"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2001, Gómez published two essays on Chicano art.",
"title": "Art"
}
] | 2023-12-06T01:52:08Z | 2023-12-29T08:21:51Z | [
"Template:Cite book"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_R._Gomez |
|
75,495,209 | G4015 Danfeng–Ningshan Expressway | The G4015 Danfeng–Ningshan Expressway (Chinese: 丹凤至宁陕高速公路), also referred to as the S30 Danning Expressway (Chinese: 丹宁高速公路), is an expressway in Shaanxi, China that connects the counties of Danfeng and Ningshan. | [
{
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"text": "The G4015 Danfeng–Ningshan Expressway (Chinese: 丹凤至宁陕高速公路), also referred to as the S30 Danning Expressway (Chinese: 丹宁高速公路), is an expressway in Shaanxi, China that connects the counties of Danfeng and Ningshan.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"title": "References"
}
] | The G4015 Danfeng–Ningshan Expressway, also referred to as the S30 Danning Expressway, is an expressway in Shaanxi, China that connects the counties of Danfeng and Ningshan. | 2023-12-06T01:54:19Z | 2023-12-12T12:41:47Z | [
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75,495,220 | Ron Graham (rugby union) | Ronald Graham (born 21 December 1946) is an Australian former rugby union player and administrator.
Graham was born and raised in Sydney, attending Kingsgrove North High School.
A product of Bexley Kingsgrove juniors, Graham was a prop and played first-grade for St. George. He broke into the Wallabies team in 1973 after the retirement of Roy Prosser and gained a total of 18 Test caps. His international career included the 1975–76 tour of Britain, where he had the distinction of captaining the Wallabies in a tour match.
Graham was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours, for services to rugby union as an administrator. He served as the chairman of Australian Rugby Union from 2005 to 2007. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ronald Graham (born 21 December 1946) is an Australian former rugby union player and administrator.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Graham was born and raised in Sydney, attending Kingsgrove North High School.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A product of Bexley Kingsgrove juniors, Graham was a prop and played first-grade for St. George. He broke into the Wallabies team in 1973 after the retirement of Roy Prosser and gained a total of 18 Test caps. His international career included the 1975–76 tour of Britain, where he had the distinction of captaining the Wallabies in a tour match.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Graham was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours, for services to rugby union as an administrator. He served as the chairman of Australian Rugby Union from 2005 to 2007.",
"title": ""
}
] | Ronald Graham is an Australian former rugby union player and administrator. Graham was born and raised in Sydney, attending Kingsgrove North High School. A product of Bexley Kingsgrove juniors, Graham was a prop and played first-grade for St. George. He broke into the Wallabies team in 1973 after the retirement of Roy Prosser and gained a total of 18 Test caps. His international career included the 1975–76 tour of Britain, where he had the distinction of captaining the Wallabies in a tour match. Graham was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours, for services to rugby union as an administrator. He served as the chairman of Australian Rugby Union from 2005 to 2007. | 2023-12-06T01:56:41Z | 2023-12-06T02:03:08Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Graham_(rugby_union) |
75,495,224 | Duarte da Ponte Ribeiro | Duarte da Ponte Ribeiro, 1st Baron of Ponte Ribeiro (Viseu; March 4, 1795 — Rio de Janeiro; September 1, 1878) was a Portuguese-Brazilian physician, diplomat and cartographer. He was the first and last baron of Ponte Ribeiro.
Born in Portugal, son of surgeon José da Costa Quiroga da Ponte Ribeiro and Ana Ribeiro, he arrived to Brazil in 1807. In 1811, at the age of 16, he graduated as a surgeon from the Bahia School of Medicine.
Shortly after Brazil's independence, a cause he supported, he was appointed consul general in Spain, where he was tasked with having the country recognise Brazil's independence. He later served as a diplomat in Lisbon, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia and Buenos Aires until the Platine War, where he played an important role.
Between 1836 and 1841, he became the Empire's representative to the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, with which he negotiated a draft trade treaty, an opportunity in which he employed the thesis of Uti possidetis de facto. Although the treaty was rejected by the General Assembly, the doctrine became a principle in Brazil's boundary negotiations, when it was adopted as a guideline by the baron of Rio Branco.
He was honored as commander of the Imperial Order of Christ, in 1841, and great dignitary of the Imperial Order of the Rose. Furthermore, he was part of the Imperial Council and a noble knight of the Imperial House.
He was also a member of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute (IHGB) since 1838. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Duarte da Ponte Ribeiro, 1st Baron of Ponte Ribeiro (Viseu; March 4, 1795 — Rio de Janeiro; September 1, 1878) was a Portuguese-Brazilian physician, diplomat and cartographer. He was the first and last baron of Ponte Ribeiro.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Portugal, son of surgeon José da Costa Quiroga da Ponte Ribeiro and Ana Ribeiro, he arrived to Brazil in 1807. In 1811, at the age of 16, he graduated as a surgeon from the Bahia School of Medicine.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Shortly after Brazil's independence, a cause he supported, he was appointed consul general in Spain, where he was tasked with having the country recognise Brazil's independence. He later served as a diplomat in Lisbon, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia and Buenos Aires until the Platine War, where he played an important role.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Between 1836 and 1841, he became the Empire's representative to the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, with which he negotiated a draft trade treaty, an opportunity in which he employed the thesis of Uti possidetis de facto. Although the treaty was rejected by the General Assembly, the doctrine became a principle in Brazil's boundary negotiations, when it was adopted as a guideline by the baron of Rio Branco.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He was honored as commander of the Imperial Order of Christ, in 1841, and great dignitary of the Imperial Order of the Rose. Furthermore, he was part of the Imperial Council and a noble knight of the Imperial House.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "He was also a member of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute (IHGB) since 1838.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Duarte da Ponte Ribeiro, 1st Baron of Ponte Ribeiro was a Portuguese-Brazilian physician, diplomat and cartographer. He was the first and last baron of Ponte Ribeiro. | 2023-12-06T01:57:28Z | 2023-12-16T01:57:50Z | [
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"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duarte_da_Ponte_Ribeiro |
75,495,230 | Mohammad Fazlul Bari | Mohammad Fazlul Bari is a Bangladeshi civil servant and the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Iraq.
Bari has a bachelors and masters in finance from the University of Dhaka. He has a second masters in financial management from Ulster University in Northern Ireland.
In 1991, Bari joined the admin branch of the Bangladesh Civil Service. Bari served as the director of Bangladesh Public Administration Training Center. He worked on Public Financial Management at the Ministry of Finance.
Bari was appointed ambassador of Bangladesh to Iraq in March 2021. He visited the shrine of Abdul Qadir Gilani in Bagdad in October 2022. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mohammad Fazlul Bari is a Bangladeshi civil servant and the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Iraq.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bari has a bachelors and masters in finance from the University of Dhaka. He has a second masters in financial management from Ulster University in Northern Ireland.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1991, Bari joined the admin branch of the Bangladesh Civil Service. Bari served as the director of Bangladesh Public Administration Training Center. He worked on Public Financial Management at the Ministry of Finance.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Bari was appointed ambassador of Bangladesh to Iraq in March 2021. He visited the shrine of Abdul Qadir Gilani in Bagdad in October 2022.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Mohammad Fazlul Bari is a Bangladeshi civil servant and the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Iraq. | 2023-12-06T01:58:08Z | 2023-12-06T01:58:08Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Fazlul_Bari |
75,495,260 | Culture of Urfa | The culture of Urfa, Turkey is diverse and spans cuisine, literature and language.
As the city of Urfa is deeply rooted in history, so its unique cuisine is an amalgamation of the cuisines of the many civilizations that have ruled in Urfa . It is widely believed that Urfa is the birthplace of many dishes, including Çiğ köfte, that according to the legend, was crafted by the Prophet Abraham from ingredients he had at hand. Another legend attributes its creation to a nameless hunter's wife who, when her husband brought home a gazelle he'd killed, was unable to find firewood to cook it with because Nimrod had gathered all the wood for throwing Abraham into the fire. She improvised and took some lean meat from the gazelle's thigh, crushed it up, and mixed it with bulgur, red pepper, and salt, and then added parsley and green onions and served it raw.
Meat-based dishes are a staple of everyday meals in Urfa. There is a local saying, "There is no trouble where meat comes in" (Turkish: et giren yere dert girmez). Foods like lahmacun and kebab are consumed daily by many people. Ciğer kebabı, or liver kebab, is especially popular among poorer Urfalis, since liver is usually a relatively cheap meat. Liver kebab is popularly eaten for either breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
The walnut-stuffed Turkish dessert crepe (called şıllık) is a regional specialty. According to legend, its sweet syrup was first made using molasses from the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
Urfa's local variety of cheese, known as "Urfa cheese" (Turkish: Urfa peyniri), is similar to cheeses from other nearby cities, such as Diyarbakır, Maraş, and Gaziantep. Although there is no single standardized way of producing it, it is typically made from sheep or goat milk and aged for anywhere from 3 to 7 months.
Some other specialties of Urfali cuisine include şöşbörek, tirit (a meal which, according to the medieval historian al-Tabari, was first made by the prophet Abraham), the appetizer "içli köfte", the dessert zerde, the beverage Urfa biyanbalısı, the biscuit külünçe, the soup lebeni çorbası, and a number of other dishes: Urfa ekşilisi, frenk çömleği, haşhaş kebabı, kazan kebabı, keme boranısı, kıymalı söğürme, Urfa kıymalısı, Urfa miftahi tas kebabı, pancar boranısı, eggplant kebab, saç kavurma, onion kebab, su kabağı yemeği, egg meatballs (yumurtalı köfte), üzmeli pilav, and isot pot (isot çömleği).
The Şanlıurfa Traditional Cuisine Museum (Şanlıurfa Geleneksel Mutfak Müzesi), located in the old Hacıbanlar house, is dedicated to the local cuisine.
Urfali society traditionally places a great value on hospitality, and inviting guests over and sharing food with them has a special importance. Locals attribute this to the prophet Abraham, who according to legend never dined alone — he always had guests over to share his meals with. The locally common epithet "Halil İbrahim Sofrası" ("the tablecloth-like") depicts this characterization.
Although not strictly unique to Urfa, the Sıra night is a custom strongly associated with Urfa. A Sıra night is an evening gathering of male friends at the host's house, where the participants dine and converse together.
Çiğ köfte typically forms the main course of these meals, which typically begin with a retelling of the dish's legendary origins.
Urfa has a long history of literature, going back to early Christian writers such as Bardaisan and Ibas of Edessa. A prominent medieval writer from Urfa was the 9th century Arabic author al-Ruhawi, whose Adab al-Tabib covered the topic of medical ethics. Later, from the 1600s to the 20th century, divan poetry became popular in Urfa. The popularity of divan poetry in Urfa is unusual because, by the 1600s, Urfa was not a major center of learning that would typically be expected to produce a lot of poetry. In all, 130 different Urfali poets are known from this period. A few of them are Nâbî, Ömer Nüzhet, Admî, Fehim, Hikmet, Şevket, Sakıb, and Emin. Many of them were Sufis, affiliated with orders like the Bektashis, Mevlevis, Naqshbandis, Qadiris, and Rifa'is; they gathered in places like the Hasanpaşa Medrese, the İhlasiye Medrese, the Hasan Paşa Medrese, the Sakıbiye Tekke, the Halil’ür Rahman Medrese, the Rızvaniye Medrese, the Dabbakhane Medrese, and the Eyyübî Medrese. Urfali divan poets almost exclusively used the ghazala form, with almost no known examples of the qasida.
In modern times, some of the prominent authors based in Urfa include A. Rezzak Elçi, Abdurrahman Karakaş, Ali Fuat Bilkan, Arif İnan, Bekir Urfalı, Celal Oymak, Cuma Ağaç, Faruk Habiboğlu, Fedli Keser, Fuat Rastgeldi, Halil Güçlü, Hanifi Düşmez, Hicri İzgören, Hüseyin Baykuş, H. Sami Nacar, İ. Halil Aycan, İ. Halil Baran, İbrahim Tezölmez, Kemal Oğuzlu, Mehmet Adil Oymak, Mehmet Bayırhan, Mehmet Emin Ercan, Mehmet Hazar, Mehmet Kurtoğlu, Meral Dalaman, Misbah Hicri, Mustafa Dişli, Müslüm Akalın, Müslüm Yücel, Necati Siyahkan, Necdet Karasevda, Nejat Karagöz, Osman Erkan, Osman Güzelgöz, Sabri Çepik, Serhat Sever, Seyyit Ahmet Kaya, Siraç Suman, Şükrü Alğın, Veysel Polat, Suut Kemal Yetkin, Mustafa Yazgan, Bekir Yıldız, and Mustafa Acar. There have also been authors who were born in Urfa but have worked elsewhere; they include Yılmaz Karakoyunlu, Aysel Özakın, Aydın Hatipoğlu, Akif İnan, Ragıp Karcı, İhsan Sezal, Atilla Maraş, Abdülkadir Karahan, Günel Altıntaş, and Sedat Şanver.
Urfa's old town has many old courtyard houses; many were built during a construction boom in the 19th century. A typical Urfa courtyard house is centered around a high-walled courtyard that is closed to the street. Facing the courtyard is a porticoed antechamber covered by a roof and partially surrounded by three walls. In Urfa, the name for this space is mastaba; elsewhere, the more general term is iwan. Other typical rooms include bedrooms, a kitchen (tandir), a sitting room, or a water closet. There is also a semi-basement called the zerzembe, which is used for winter food storage and is practically omnipresent in traditional Turkish homes in regions with hot climates. The house as a whole, with its courtyard, mastaba, and other rooms, forms one integrated living space rather than each room being its own "isolated, independent" space.
Together, the courtyard and mastaba form the most important part of the house. Except in very cold weather, most family activities would traditionally take place here. In particular, the courtyard is where women would traditionally gather to visit with each other during the day, while doing household tasks like lacework, knitting, or sewing, and moving about to whichever part of the courtyard was shaded. The courtyard's importance is such that in Turkish it is often called hayat — literally, "life". For privacy, the courtyard is surrounded by high walls to prevent prevent passersby from looking in from the street. For the same reason, it is not entered directly from the street; instead, the front door leads to the dehliz, or entrance hall, where a second door opens onto the courtyard. Inside the courtyard, there is often a fountain and small garden. As for the mastaba, it is usually the grandest and most architecturally elaborate part of the house. It is an attractive place for people to sit because, in Urfa's hot climate, it remains relatively cool (so it is also called the "summer mastaba").
Traditional Urfa courtyard houses are often two-story. Rooms on the ground floor are called kab, after a regional word meaning "arch vault". Rooms on the upper floor are called çardak, or "arbor", and all open onto the gezenek, an open terrace accessed by stairs from the courtyard. Each room is internally divided into two parts: the entry space, called the gedemeç or papuçluk, and the main room space. Shoes must be removed in the gedemeç before proceeding to the main area. The main area is typically raised by about 20–30 cm above the gedemeç.
Urfa gets very hot in the summer, and it is often cooler to sleep on the roof than in the house. As a result, the roof is typically crowned by a parapet built high enough to protect the family's privacy.
An important consideration in domestic architecture is mahremiyat, which could roughly be translated into English as "privacy" or "intimacy" but which carries stronger implications. This concept is especially important when it comes to relations between men and women – outside the extended family, interaction between men and women is restricted. As a result, traditional Urfa houses are constructed in ways to prevent men outside from viewing the women of the household. For example, doors facing each other, windows facing the street, and significant differences in roof elevation are all avoided.
In wealthier households, the house would be built with separate haremlik and selamlik quarters; poorer and middle-class houses would not have this luxury. The haremlik is where the family lives; the selamlik is a "semi-public" space used to host male guests and shelter animals. The haremlik is generally larger and "better equipped" than the selamlik, since it is where most everyday family life is conducted. In larger houses, the selamlik may have its own courtyard, smaller than the haremlik's. The selamlik never has a second story since that would allow male visitors to see into the haremlik courtyard from above. In some houses there is a second floor above the selamlik, but it belongs to the haremlik and can only be accessed through that part of the house. In larger homes, the selamlik may also have its own separate entrance.
These courtyard houses are often built facing south, as this is the qibla direction here. Their water closets are typically tucked out of the way of the kitchen and oriented so that when they are used, a person's intimate parts on either the front or back are not facing the qibla.
Some distinct features of Urfa houses are separate summer and winter porticos (mastabas), microclimatic features to control heat, the multifunctionality of all the spaces, the fact that they can be used for daytime or nighttime activities, and the fact that men and women use the same areas so the house is not generally constructed with separate quarters for men and women.
The Turkish spoken in Urfa has some features in common with the variety of Iraqi Turkmen spoken in Kirkuk, as well as some features owed to Arabic influence. For example, the Arabic sounds 'ayn, ghayn, and qāf are pronounced the same in Urfa as they are in Arabic, which is not done in standard Turkish.
As another example, Urfa Turkish has somewhat irregular vowel harmony compared to standard Turkish due to influence from Arabic. For example, standard Turkish has some words that do not conform to the usual vowel harmony patterns, such as elma ("apple") or anne ("mother"). In Urfa pronunciation, these words are regularized to follow vowel harmony — for the examples given, they become alma and ana, respectively. However, the reverse is always true — vowel harmony in certain other standard Turkish words gets broken in Urfa speech. For example, kebap becomes kübap and hamam becomes hemam in Urfa pronunciation. These shifts do not seem to follow any particular pattern.
The present-tense suffix -yor is contracted to -y in Urfa Turkish. For example, istiyorum ("I want") becomes istiyem. There are also other miscellaneous cases of sounds being elided in certain words: for example, standard Turkish avukat ("lawyer") becomes abkat in Urfa pronunciation, dakika ("minute") becomes dekke, and mahalle ("neighborhood") becomes mehle.
In some words, sounds are epenthesized (added to): for example, standard Turkish fırsat ("opportunity") becomes fırsant in Urfa pronunciation, gibi ("like, such as") becomes gibin, and elbet ("of course") becomes helbet. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The culture of Urfa, Turkey is diverse and spans cuisine, literature and language.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As the city of Urfa is deeply rooted in history, so its unique cuisine is an amalgamation of the cuisines of the many civilizations that have ruled in Urfa . It is widely believed that Urfa is the birthplace of many dishes, including Çiğ köfte, that according to the legend, was crafted by the Prophet Abraham from ingredients he had at hand. Another legend attributes its creation to a nameless hunter's wife who, when her husband brought home a gazelle he'd killed, was unable to find firewood to cook it with because Nimrod had gathered all the wood for throwing Abraham into the fire. She improvised and took some lean meat from the gazelle's thigh, crushed it up, and mixed it with bulgur, red pepper, and salt, and then added parsley and green onions and served it raw.",
"title": "Cuisine"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Meat-based dishes are a staple of everyday meals in Urfa. There is a local saying, \"There is no trouble where meat comes in\" (Turkish: et giren yere dert girmez). Foods like lahmacun and kebab are consumed daily by many people. Ciğer kebabı, or liver kebab, is especially popular among poorer Urfalis, since liver is usually a relatively cheap meat. Liver kebab is popularly eaten for either breakfast, lunch, or dinner.",
"title": "Cuisine"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The walnut-stuffed Turkish dessert crepe (called şıllık) is a regional specialty. According to legend, its sweet syrup was first made using molasses from the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.",
"title": "Cuisine"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Urfa's local variety of cheese, known as \"Urfa cheese\" (Turkish: Urfa peyniri), is similar to cheeses from other nearby cities, such as Diyarbakır, Maraş, and Gaziantep. Although there is no single standardized way of producing it, it is typically made from sheep or goat milk and aged for anywhere from 3 to 7 months.",
"title": "Cuisine"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Some other specialties of Urfali cuisine include şöşbörek, tirit (a meal which, according to the medieval historian al-Tabari, was first made by the prophet Abraham), the appetizer \"içli köfte\", the dessert zerde, the beverage Urfa biyanbalısı, the biscuit külünçe, the soup lebeni çorbası, and a number of other dishes: Urfa ekşilisi, frenk çömleği, haşhaş kebabı, kazan kebabı, keme boranısı, kıymalı söğürme, Urfa kıymalısı, Urfa miftahi tas kebabı, pancar boranısı, eggplant kebab, saç kavurma, onion kebab, su kabağı yemeği, egg meatballs (yumurtalı köfte), üzmeli pilav, and isot pot (isot çömleği).",
"title": "Cuisine"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Şanlıurfa Traditional Cuisine Museum (Şanlıurfa Geleneksel Mutfak Müzesi), located in the old Hacıbanlar house, is dedicated to the local cuisine.",
"title": "Cuisine"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Urfali society traditionally places a great value on hospitality, and inviting guests over and sharing food with them has a special importance. Locals attribute this to the prophet Abraham, who according to legend never dined alone — he always had guests over to share his meals with. The locally common epithet \"Halil İbrahim Sofrası\" (\"the tablecloth-like\") depicts this characterization.",
"title": "Hospitality"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Although not strictly unique to Urfa, the Sıra night is a custom strongly associated with Urfa. A Sıra night is an evening gathering of male friends at the host's house, where the participants dine and converse together.",
"title": "Hospitality"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Çiğ köfte typically forms the main course of these meals, which typically begin with a retelling of the dish's legendary origins.",
"title": "Hospitality"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Urfa has a long history of literature, going back to early Christian writers such as Bardaisan and Ibas of Edessa. A prominent medieval writer from Urfa was the 9th century Arabic author al-Ruhawi, whose Adab al-Tabib covered the topic of medical ethics. Later, from the 1600s to the 20th century, divan poetry became popular in Urfa. The popularity of divan poetry in Urfa is unusual because, by the 1600s, Urfa was not a major center of learning that would typically be expected to produce a lot of poetry. In all, 130 different Urfali poets are known from this period. A few of them are Nâbî, Ömer Nüzhet, Admî, Fehim, Hikmet, Şevket, Sakıb, and Emin. Many of them were Sufis, affiliated with orders like the Bektashis, Mevlevis, Naqshbandis, Qadiris, and Rifa'is; they gathered in places like the Hasanpaşa Medrese, the İhlasiye Medrese, the Hasan Paşa Medrese, the Sakıbiye Tekke, the Halil’ür Rahman Medrese, the Rızvaniye Medrese, the Dabbakhane Medrese, and the Eyyübî Medrese. Urfali divan poets almost exclusively used the ghazala form, with almost no known examples of the qasida.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In modern times, some of the prominent authors based in Urfa include A. Rezzak Elçi, Abdurrahman Karakaş, Ali Fuat Bilkan, Arif İnan, Bekir Urfalı, Celal Oymak, Cuma Ağaç, Faruk Habiboğlu, Fedli Keser, Fuat Rastgeldi, Halil Güçlü, Hanifi Düşmez, Hicri İzgören, Hüseyin Baykuş, H. Sami Nacar, İ. Halil Aycan, İ. Halil Baran, İbrahim Tezölmez, Kemal Oğuzlu, Mehmet Adil Oymak, Mehmet Bayırhan, Mehmet Emin Ercan, Mehmet Hazar, Mehmet Kurtoğlu, Meral Dalaman, Misbah Hicri, Mustafa Dişli, Müslüm Akalın, Müslüm Yücel, Necati Siyahkan, Necdet Karasevda, Nejat Karagöz, Osman Erkan, Osman Güzelgöz, Sabri Çepik, Serhat Sever, Seyyit Ahmet Kaya, Siraç Suman, Şükrü Alğın, Veysel Polat, Suut Kemal Yetkin, Mustafa Yazgan, Bekir Yıldız, and Mustafa Acar. There have also been authors who were born in Urfa but have worked elsewhere; they include Yılmaz Karakoyunlu, Aysel Özakın, Aydın Hatipoğlu, Akif İnan, Ragıp Karcı, İhsan Sezal, Atilla Maraş, Abdülkadir Karahan, Günel Altıntaş, and Sedat Şanver.",
"title": "Literature"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Urfa's old town has many old courtyard houses; many were built during a construction boom in the 19th century. A typical Urfa courtyard house is centered around a high-walled courtyard that is closed to the street. Facing the courtyard is a porticoed antechamber covered by a roof and partially surrounded by three walls. In Urfa, the name for this space is mastaba; elsewhere, the more general term is iwan. Other typical rooms include bedrooms, a kitchen (tandir), a sitting room, or a water closet. There is also a semi-basement called the zerzembe, which is used for winter food storage and is practically omnipresent in traditional Turkish homes in regions with hot climates. The house as a whole, with its courtyard, mastaba, and other rooms, forms one integrated living space rather than each room being its own \"isolated, independent\" space.",
"title": "Traditional house architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Together, the courtyard and mastaba form the most important part of the house. Except in very cold weather, most family activities would traditionally take place here. In particular, the courtyard is where women would traditionally gather to visit with each other during the day, while doing household tasks like lacework, knitting, or sewing, and moving about to whichever part of the courtyard was shaded. The courtyard's importance is such that in Turkish it is often called hayat — literally, \"life\". For privacy, the courtyard is surrounded by high walls to prevent prevent passersby from looking in from the street. For the same reason, it is not entered directly from the street; instead, the front door leads to the dehliz, or entrance hall, where a second door opens onto the courtyard. Inside the courtyard, there is often a fountain and small garden. As for the mastaba, it is usually the grandest and most architecturally elaborate part of the house. It is an attractive place for people to sit because, in Urfa's hot climate, it remains relatively cool (so it is also called the \"summer mastaba\").",
"title": "Traditional house architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Traditional Urfa courtyard houses are often two-story. Rooms on the ground floor are called kab, after a regional word meaning \"arch vault\". Rooms on the upper floor are called çardak, or \"arbor\", and all open onto the gezenek, an open terrace accessed by stairs from the courtyard. Each room is internally divided into two parts: the entry space, called the gedemeç or papuçluk, and the main room space. Shoes must be removed in the gedemeç before proceeding to the main area. The main area is typically raised by about 20–30 cm above the gedemeç.",
"title": "Traditional house architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Urfa gets very hot in the summer, and it is often cooler to sleep on the roof than in the house. As a result, the roof is typically crowned by a parapet built high enough to protect the family's privacy.",
"title": "Traditional house architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "An important consideration in domestic architecture is mahremiyat, which could roughly be translated into English as \"privacy\" or \"intimacy\" but which carries stronger implications. This concept is especially important when it comes to relations between men and women – outside the extended family, interaction between men and women is restricted. As a result, traditional Urfa houses are constructed in ways to prevent men outside from viewing the women of the household. For example, doors facing each other, windows facing the street, and significant differences in roof elevation are all avoided.",
"title": "Traditional house architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In wealthier households, the house would be built with separate haremlik and selamlik quarters; poorer and middle-class houses would not have this luxury. The haremlik is where the family lives; the selamlik is a \"semi-public\" space used to host male guests and shelter animals. The haremlik is generally larger and \"better equipped\" than the selamlik, since it is where most everyday family life is conducted. In larger houses, the selamlik may have its own courtyard, smaller than the haremlik's. The selamlik never has a second story since that would allow male visitors to see into the haremlik courtyard from above. In some houses there is a second floor above the selamlik, but it belongs to the haremlik and can only be accessed through that part of the house. In larger homes, the selamlik may also have its own separate entrance.",
"title": "Traditional house architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "These courtyard houses are often built facing south, as this is the qibla direction here. Their water closets are typically tucked out of the way of the kitchen and oriented so that when they are used, a person's intimate parts on either the front or back are not facing the qibla.",
"title": "Traditional house architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Some distinct features of Urfa houses are separate summer and winter porticos (mastabas), microclimatic features to control heat, the multifunctionality of all the spaces, the fact that they can be used for daytime or nighttime activities, and the fact that men and women use the same areas so the house is not generally constructed with separate quarters for men and women.",
"title": "Traditional house architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The Turkish spoken in Urfa has some features in common with the variety of Iraqi Turkmen spoken in Kirkuk, as well as some features owed to Arabic influence. For example, the Arabic sounds 'ayn, ghayn, and qāf are pronounced the same in Urfa as they are in Arabic, which is not done in standard Turkish.",
"title": "Local Turkish dialect"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "As another example, Urfa Turkish has somewhat irregular vowel harmony compared to standard Turkish due to influence from Arabic. For example, standard Turkish has some words that do not conform to the usual vowel harmony patterns, such as elma (\"apple\") or anne (\"mother\"). In Urfa pronunciation, these words are regularized to follow vowel harmony — for the examples given, they become alma and ana, respectively. However, the reverse is always true — vowel harmony in certain other standard Turkish words gets broken in Urfa speech. For example, kebap becomes kübap and hamam becomes hemam in Urfa pronunciation. These shifts do not seem to follow any particular pattern.",
"title": "Local Turkish dialect"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "The present-tense suffix -yor is contracted to -y in Urfa Turkish. For example, istiyorum (\"I want\") becomes istiyem. There are also other miscellaneous cases of sounds being elided in certain words: for example, standard Turkish avukat (\"lawyer\") becomes abkat in Urfa pronunciation, dakika (\"minute\") becomes dekke, and mahalle (\"neighborhood\") becomes mehle.",
"title": "Local Turkish dialect"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "In some words, sounds are epenthesized (added to): for example, standard Turkish fırsat (\"opportunity\") becomes fırsant in Urfa pronunciation, gibi (\"like, such as\") becomes gibin, and elbet (\"of course\") becomes helbet.",
"title": "Local Turkish dialect"
}
] | The culture of Urfa, Turkey is diverse and spans cuisine, literature and language. | 2023-12-06T02:02:26Z | 2023-12-31T11:53:54Z | [
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"Template:Reflist",
"Template:ISBN",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Urfa |
75,495,290 | Īhaka Takaanini | Īhaka or Ihaka Takaanini (1800–1864) was a chief of the Te Ākitai Waiohua tribe, which occupied lands in the southern region of Auckland. The South Auckland suburb of Takanini is named in his honour.
A prominent figure within the Auckland and Waikato regions, Takaanini played a large role in many land sales and peacemaking ventures throughout his lifetime, even working for the Crown as a land assessor. Despite his positive relationship with Pākehā, often being referred to as 'old Isaac', Takaanini, alongside 22 other iwi members, including his immediate family, was captured by the Crown and imprisoned at Ōtāhuhu, and later Rākino Island, during the invasion of the Waikato in 1863. Takaanini later died on Rākino Island some time in early 1864.
Takaanini was the great-grandson of Kiwi Tāmaki, a paramount chief of the Waiohua confederation, and the founding ancestor of Te Ākitai Waiohua. Kiwi Tāmaki held power over Tāmaki Makaurau prior to the permanent presence of Ngāti Whātua on the Auckland isthmus.
Te Ākitai Waiohua has well documented patrilineal line of descent, and Takaanini's ancestors are well known. His father was Pepene Te Tihi, a Te Ākitai chief, and his mother was Puakikitehau. His grandfather was Rangimatoru, also a Te Ākitai chief. His great-grandfather was Kiwi Tāmaki, the founding ancestor of Te Ākitai Waiohua, and the paramount chief of the Waiohua confederation.
Takaanini married Riria Ratauhinga, and together they had five children. They lived at Pukaki, Māngere, and Ramarama. Two of these children died while imprisoned at Camp Ōtahuhu, after being arrested by Crown officials due to Kingitanga affiliation in 1863. Their three surviving children were one daughter, named Erina Takaanini, and two sons, Īhaka Takaanini and Te Wirihana Takaanini, Te Wirihana succeeded his father as Te Ākitai Waiohua chief following Takaanini's death, and the South Auckland suburb of Wiri is named in his honour.
Takaanini was employed by the Crown as the Keeper of Native Hostelry in 1861, with responsibilities including the management of the Māori hostels in Mechanics Bay and Onehunga. Takaanini also worked as a land assessor for the Crown. Sitting within the structure of the newly established Native Land Court, the responsibilities of an assessor included travelling to the assessed piece of land and inspecting it carefully, and then producing a report to be included in the minutes book.
Takaanini facilitated and participated in numerous land sales in the Auckland region, including:
Te Ākitai Waiohua were closely linked to Waikato, and therefore the Kingitanga, as Pōtatau Te Wherowhero helped to escort the Te Ākitai people from Waikato back to Tāmaki Makaurau in order to resettle their lands during the wars of the early 19th century. Due to this connection, when Governor George Grey's proclamation was released in July 1863, calling for all Māori in the Manukau region to either swear an oath of loyalty to the Crown, or be evicted into the Waikato, Takaanini chose not to take the oath. Takaanini was subsequently stripped of his Crown titles, as both land assessor and native hostel manager. Accounts of Takaanini's whereabouts during this time are mixed, some report that Takaanini was part of the mass exodus into the Waikato, while translator James Fulloon claimed Takaanini to already be in Kirikiri at this time, and said he met with him 10 July 1863.
Following a gathering with Takaanini and other Te Ākitai members, rumors, likely started by local settlers, spread that the iwi were planning an uprising in response to Grey's proclamation. Because of this, the Native Minister Francis Dillon Bell travelled to Kirikiri from Auckland on 15 July 1863 to discuss the proclamation with Takaanini. Following this discussion Bell returned to Auckland, and Takaanini had determined that he would sign the oath for the good of the people. However, the day after Bell's visit, two settlers were found killed in nearby Ramarama, and some Crown officials suspected Takaanini as the culprit, although no evidence of this was ever found. Due to these suspicions, on 16 July 1863, Takaanini and 22 other Te Ākitai members, including his wife, three of his children, and his elderly father, were arrested by Crown officials under the order of George Grey, without charge or evidence, and taken to Drury. These arrests were considered lawful due to the recent passing of the Suppression of Rebellion Act 1863, which allowed for indefinite imprisonment without trial for Māori suspected of disloyalty towards the Queen. As Takaanini had neither declared his loyalty to the Queen, nor fled to the Waikato, he and his relatives met these conditions. Ministers later admitted there was no actual legal basis for his imprisonment. From Drury they were moved to Camp Ōtahuhu, where two of Takaanini's children, both daughters, and his father Pepene Te Tihi, would die.
In 1863, Takaanini and the other imprisoned Te Ākitai individuals were moved to Rākino Island, a small island in the Hauraki Gulf that was purchased by Governor George Grey in 1862. The date of Takaanini's death is unknown, but it was reported that he died on Rākino Island in early 1864, supposedly of homesickness and a broken heart. His body has yet to be retrieved or returned to Te Ākitai Waiohua, and this is an issue that Te Ākitai Waiohua is continuously seeking to remedy. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Īhaka or Ihaka Takaanini (1800–1864) was a chief of the Te Ākitai Waiohua tribe, which occupied lands in the southern region of Auckland. The South Auckland suburb of Takanini is named in his honour.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "A prominent figure within the Auckland and Waikato regions, Takaanini played a large role in many land sales and peacemaking ventures throughout his lifetime, even working for the Crown as a land assessor. Despite his positive relationship with Pākehā, often being referred to as 'old Isaac', Takaanini, alongside 22 other iwi members, including his immediate family, was captured by the Crown and imprisoned at Ōtāhuhu, and later Rākino Island, during the invasion of the Waikato in 1863. Takaanini later died on Rākino Island some time in early 1864.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Takaanini was the great-grandson of Kiwi Tāmaki, a paramount chief of the Waiohua confederation, and the founding ancestor of Te Ākitai Waiohua. Kiwi Tāmaki held power over Tāmaki Makaurau prior to the permanent presence of Ngāti Whātua on the Auckland isthmus.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Te Ākitai Waiohua has well documented patrilineal line of descent, and Takaanini's ancestors are well known. His father was Pepene Te Tihi, a Te Ākitai chief, and his mother was Puakikitehau. His grandfather was Rangimatoru, also a Te Ākitai chief. His great-grandfather was Kiwi Tāmaki, the founding ancestor of Te Ākitai Waiohua, and the paramount chief of the Waiohua confederation.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Takaanini married Riria Ratauhinga, and together they had five children. They lived at Pukaki, Māngere, and Ramarama. Two of these children died while imprisoned at Camp Ōtahuhu, after being arrested by Crown officials due to Kingitanga affiliation in 1863. Their three surviving children were one daughter, named Erina Takaanini, and two sons, Īhaka Takaanini and Te Wirihana Takaanini, Te Wirihana succeeded his father as Te Ākitai Waiohua chief following Takaanini's death, and the South Auckland suburb of Wiri is named in his honour.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Takaanini was employed by the Crown as the Keeper of Native Hostelry in 1861, with responsibilities including the management of the Māori hostels in Mechanics Bay and Onehunga. Takaanini also worked as a land assessor for the Crown. Sitting within the structure of the newly established Native Land Court, the responsibilities of an assessor included travelling to the assessed piece of land and inspecting it carefully, and then producing a report to be included in the minutes book.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Takaanini facilitated and participated in numerous land sales in the Auckland region, including:",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Te Ākitai Waiohua were closely linked to Waikato, and therefore the Kingitanga, as Pōtatau Te Wherowhero helped to escort the Te Ākitai people from Waikato back to Tāmaki Makaurau in order to resettle their lands during the wars of the early 19th century. Due to this connection, when Governor George Grey's proclamation was released in July 1863, calling for all Māori in the Manukau region to either swear an oath of loyalty to the Crown, or be evicted into the Waikato, Takaanini chose not to take the oath. Takaanini was subsequently stripped of his Crown titles, as both land assessor and native hostel manager. Accounts of Takaanini's whereabouts during this time are mixed, some report that Takaanini was part of the mass exodus into the Waikato, while translator James Fulloon claimed Takaanini to already be in Kirikiri at this time, and said he met with him 10 July 1863.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Following a gathering with Takaanini and other Te Ākitai members, rumors, likely started by local settlers, spread that the iwi were planning an uprising in response to Grey's proclamation. Because of this, the Native Minister Francis Dillon Bell travelled to Kirikiri from Auckland on 15 July 1863 to discuss the proclamation with Takaanini. Following this discussion Bell returned to Auckland, and Takaanini had determined that he would sign the oath for the good of the people. However, the day after Bell's visit, two settlers were found killed in nearby Ramarama, and some Crown officials suspected Takaanini as the culprit, although no evidence of this was ever found. Due to these suspicions, on 16 July 1863, Takaanini and 22 other Te Ākitai members, including his wife, three of his children, and his elderly father, were arrested by Crown officials under the order of George Grey, without charge or evidence, and taken to Drury. These arrests were considered lawful due to the recent passing of the Suppression of Rebellion Act 1863, which allowed for indefinite imprisonment without trial for Māori suspected of disloyalty towards the Queen. As Takaanini had neither declared his loyalty to the Queen, nor fled to the Waikato, he and his relatives met these conditions. Ministers later admitted there was no actual legal basis for his imprisonment. From Drury they were moved to Camp Ōtahuhu, where two of Takaanini's children, both daughters, and his father Pepene Te Tihi, would die.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 1863, Takaanini and the other imprisoned Te Ākitai individuals were moved to Rākino Island, a small island in the Hauraki Gulf that was purchased by Governor George Grey in 1862. The date of Takaanini's death is unknown, but it was reported that he died on Rākino Island in early 1864, supposedly of homesickness and a broken heart. His body has yet to be retrieved or returned to Te Ākitai Waiohua, and this is an issue that Te Ākitai Waiohua is continuously seeking to remedy.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Īhaka or Ihaka Takaanini (1800–1864) was a chief of the Te Ākitai Waiohua tribe, which occupied lands in the southern region of Auckland. The South Auckland suburb of Takanini is named in his honour. A prominent figure within the Auckland and Waikato regions, Takaanini played a large role in many land sales and peacemaking ventures throughout his lifetime, even working for the Crown as a land assessor. Despite his positive relationship with Pākehā, often being referred to as 'old Isaac', Takaanini, alongside 22 other iwi members, including his immediate family, was captured by the Crown and imprisoned at Ōtāhuhu, and later Rākino Island, during the invasion of the Waikato in 1863. Takaanini later died on Rākino Island some time in early 1864. Takaanini was the great-grandson of Kiwi Tāmaki, a paramount chief of the Waiohua confederation, and the founding ancestor of Te Ākitai Waiohua. Kiwi Tāmaki held power over Tāmaki Makaurau prior to the permanent presence of Ngāti Whātua on the Auckland isthmus. | 2023-12-06T02:07:02Z | 2023-12-17T22:19:07Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAhaka_Takaanini |
75,495,346 | Wheelchair rugby at the 2023 Parapan American Games | Wheelchair rugby competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Training Center for Collective Sport from 18 to 23 November 2023.
The winner of the competition will automatically qualify to the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
There are 72 players from 6 nations participating in the games.
* Host nation (Chile) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Wheelchair rugby competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Training Center for Collective Sport from 18 to 23 November 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The winner of the competition will automatically qualify to the 2024 Summer Paralympics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "There are 72 players from 6 nations participating in the games.",
"title": "Participating nations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "* Host nation (Chile)",
"title": "Medal summary"
}
] | Wheelchair rugby competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Training Center for Collective Sport from 18 to 23 November 2023. The winner of the competition will automatically qualify to the 2024 Summer Paralympics. | 2023-12-06T02:12:56Z | 2023-12-12T05:41:38Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games |
75,495,361 | Alexander Kølpin | Alexander Kølpin may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alexander Kølpin may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Alexander Kølpin may refer to: Alexander Kølpin (surgeon) (1731-1801), surgeon
Alexander Kølpin, hotel owner and former ballet dancer | 2023-12-06T02:16:03Z | 2023-12-06T21:54:21Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_K%C3%B8lpin |
75,495,374 | Blanche B. Boyer | Blanche Beatrice Boyer (February 22, 1896 – January 12, 1984) was an American classical philologist who was a leading authority in the history of insular script, a medieval script system of Irish origin.
Blanche Beatrice Boyer, daughter of Edward Errett Boyer and Edna Narcissa Beck, was born on February 22, 1896, in Brocton, Illinois. She studied at the University of Chicago where she got her Bachelor of Arts in 1920, her Master of Arts in 1921, and her Doctor of Philosophy in 1925. Her dissertation was On the Lost Codex Veronensis of Catullus.
In the early-1920s, she began working as an Instructor in Greek and Latin at Saint Xavier College. In 1925, she later moved to Allegheny College, where she then became Assistant Professor of Latin. In 1927, she moved to Mount Holyoke College as Assistant Professor of Latin and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1929, remaining there until 1938. In 1938, she moved to University of Chicago and remained there until 1961, being promoted from Assistant Professor to Professor of Latin during then and serving as acting chair of the Department of Latin Language and Literature from 1947 to 1950.
As an academic, she specialized in palaeography and Medieval Latin philology. She was also known as a leading authority in the history of insular script. John Francis Latimer said of A Critical Edition of Peter Abelard's 'Sic et Non', her 1976 joint publication with Richard McKeon: "[it] combined various opinions on doctrine, but made no attempt to reconcile the various views". She served as an associate editor for Classical Philology from 1940 until 1961.
Boyer was appointed as a Guggenheim Fellow in 1929 and 1930. She received an American Council of Learned Societies grant in 1933.
Boyer died on January 12, 1984 in Chicago, Illinois. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Blanche Beatrice Boyer (February 22, 1896 – January 12, 1984) was an American classical philologist who was a leading authority in the history of insular script, a medieval script system of Irish origin.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Blanche Beatrice Boyer, daughter of Edward Errett Boyer and Edna Narcissa Beck, was born on February 22, 1896, in Brocton, Illinois. She studied at the University of Chicago where she got her Bachelor of Arts in 1920, her Master of Arts in 1921, and her Doctor of Philosophy in 1925. Her dissertation was On the Lost Codex Veronensis of Catullus.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the early-1920s, she began working as an Instructor in Greek and Latin at Saint Xavier College. In 1925, she later moved to Allegheny College, where she then became Assistant Professor of Latin. In 1927, she moved to Mount Holyoke College as Assistant Professor of Latin and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1929, remaining there until 1938. In 1938, she moved to University of Chicago and remained there until 1961, being promoted from Assistant Professor to Professor of Latin during then and serving as acting chair of the Department of Latin Language and Literature from 1947 to 1950.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "As an academic, she specialized in palaeography and Medieval Latin philology. She was also known as a leading authority in the history of insular script. John Francis Latimer said of A Critical Edition of Peter Abelard's 'Sic et Non', her 1976 joint publication with Richard McKeon: \"[it] combined various opinions on doctrine, but made no attempt to reconcile the various views\". She served as an associate editor for Classical Philology from 1940 until 1961.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Boyer was appointed as a Guggenheim Fellow in 1929 and 1930. She received an American Council of Learned Societies grant in 1933.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Boyer died on January 12, 1984 in Chicago, Illinois.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Blanche Beatrice Boyer was an American classical philologist who was a leading authority in the history of insular script, a medieval script system of Irish origin. | 2023-12-06T02:19:14Z | 2023-12-06T16:41:19Z | [
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75,495,388 | Pochyta aurantiaca | Pochyta aurantiaca is a species of jumping spiders in the genus Pochyta that lives in Gabon. It was first identified in 2021. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pochyta aurantiaca is a species of jumping spiders in the genus Pochyta that lives in Gabon. It was first identified in 2021.",
"title": ""
}
] | Pochyta aurantiaca is a species of jumping spiders in the genus Pochyta that lives in Gabon. It was first identified in 2021. | 2023-12-06T02:21:28Z | 2023-12-06T10:02:50Z | [
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"Template:Short description"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochyta_aurantiaca |
75,495,395 | Pochyta equatorialis | Pochyta equatorialis is a species of jumping spiders in the genus Pochyta that lives in Gabon. It was first identified in 2021. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pochyta equatorialis is a species of jumping spiders in the genus Pochyta that lives in Gabon. It was first identified in 2021.",
"title": ""
}
] | Pochyta equatorialis is a species of jumping spiders in the genus Pochyta that lives in Gabon. It was first identified in 2021. | 2023-12-06T02:22:27Z | 2023-12-07T12:44:51Z | [
"Template:Cite journal",
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"Template:Short description",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochyta_equatorialis |
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