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fec0a7c7-1799-4b0b-b045-cc32347bf132 | Ans. a. Insert wide bore needle in 2nd intercostal space (Ref: Sabiston 19/e p1599; Schwartz 9/e p138; Bailey 25/e p342)First line of management in tension pneumothorax: Insert wide bore needle in 2nd intercostal space.'Treatment of tension pneumothorax consists of immediate decompression by rapid insertion of a large-bore needle into the 2nd intercostal space in the mid-clavicular lineQ of the affected hemithorax.'This case is a classical description of tension pneumothorax of right hemithorax with decreased breath sounds and shock. Since patient is shouting it means her airway is clear. Immediate decompression with large bore needle in mid clavicular line in 2nd intercostal space is the urgent treatment for this patient followed by insertion of IV line and fluid administration.Tension PneumothoraxA tension pneumothorax develops when a 'one-way valve' air leak occurs either from the lung or through the chest wallQ.Air is forced into thoracic cavity without any means of escape, completely collapsing the affected lungQ.Mediastinum is displaced to the opposite side, decreasing venous return and compressing the opposite lungQ.Common Causes of Tension Pneumothorax* Penetrating chest traumaQ* Blunt chest traumaQ (with parenchymal injury & air leak that did not spontaneously close)* Iatrogenic lung punctures (e.g. due to subclavian central venepuncture)* Mechanical positive pressure ventilationQClinical Features:Clinical presentation is dramatic.The patient is panicky with tachypnoea. dyspnoea and distended neck veins (similar to pericardial tamponade)Q.Clinical examination can reveal tracheal deviation (a late finding - not necessary' to clinically confirm diagnosis), hyperresonance and absent breath sounds over the affected hemithoraxQ.Diagnosis:Tension pneumothorax is a clinical diagnosis and treatment should not he delayedQ by waiting for radiological confirmation.Treatment:Treatment consists of immediate decompression by rapid insertion of a large-bore needle into the 2nd intercostal space in the mid-clavicular lineQ of the affected hemithorax.This is immediately followed by insertion of a chest tube through the 5th intercostal space in the anterior axillary lineQ.If the tension in the pleural space is not relieved, the patient is likely to die from inadequate cardiac output or marked hypoxemiaQ. | Surgery | Thoracic Injury | A patient after road traffic accident presented with tension pneumothorax. What is the first line of management?
A. Insert wide bore needle in 2nd intercostal space
B. Immediate chest X-ray
C. CT scan
D. Emergency thoracotomy
| Insert wide bore needle in 2nd intercostal space |
3c0993dd-b9d5-461b-af56-a6f5b0aec65c | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Glutamine o Ammonia is produced in most of the tissues. However, it should be transported to liver as urea cycle (formation of urea) occurs only in liver. Since free ammonia is highly toxic, it is never transported in free form in bloodo Two mechanisms are available for transport of ammonia from the peripheral tissues to the liver.1) In the form of glutamine# In many tissues like liver, kidney and brain, ammonia combines with glutamate to yield glutamine, by the action of glutamine synthase. The brain is a rich source of glutamine synthase and it predominantly detoxifies ammonia by this route.# Glutamine is a nontoxic major transport form of ammonia. The glutamine is transported by blood to liver where deamination (removal of amino group) of glutamine takes place. Glutaminase cleaves glutamine to yield glutamate and free ammonia (ammonium ion). The ammonia is converted by liver to urea.GlutamineH2O-------------GlutaminaseGlutamate + NH4# Formation and secretion ammonia by renal tubular cells maintain acid base balance. Ammonia is formed from glutamine by glutaminase. Excretion of ammonia increases in metabolic acidosis and decreases in metabolic alkalosis.2) In the form of alanine# Alanine transports ammonia from muscles to liver through 'glucose-alanine cycle'.# In muscle, glutamate is formed from ammonia and a-ketoglutarate by reversal of the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction. L-glutamate then transfers its a-amino group to pyruvate by transmination reaction to form alanine.# Alanine is transported to liver. In liver alanine is converted to pyruvate and glutamate by transamination reaction. Glutamate undergoes oxidative deamination to release free ammonia, which is converted to urea. Pyruvate is converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis. | Biochemistry | Urea Cycle and Disorders | Ammonia in brain is trapped by -
A. Alanine
B. Glutamine
C. Ornithine
D. Aspartate
| Glutamine |
00763b4b-5087-4811-8925-5c4e62d27c33 | Ans. c. Vellow (Ref: lhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicity_ label)Highly toxic insecticide, according to WHO classification, are coded as Yellow.Toxicity labelsToxicity labels viz: red label, yellow label, blue label and green label are mandatory labels employed on pesticide containers in India identifying the level of toxicity of the contained pesticide.The schemes follows from the Insecticides Act of 1968 and the Insecticides Rules of 1971.The labeling follows a general scheme as laid down in the Insecticides Rules, 1971, and contains information such as brand name, name of manufacturer, name of the antidote in case of accidental consumption etc.A major aspect of the label is a color mark, which represents the toxicity of the material by a color code.Thus the labelling scheme proposes four different colour labels: viz red. yellow, blue, and green.The toxicity classification applies only to pesticides, which are allowed to he sold in India.Some of the classified pesticides may be banned in some states of india, by decision of the state governments. Some of the red-label and yellow-label pesticides were banned in the state of Kerala following the Endosulfan protests of 2011. NameLevel of toxicityOral lethal dose mg/kg body weight of test animalListed chemicalsRed labelExtremely toxic1-50Monocrotophos, zinc phosphide, ethyl mercury acetate, and others.Yellow labelHighly toxic51-500Endosulfan. cartoaryt. quinalphos, and others.Blue labelModerately toxic501-5000Malathion, thiram, glyphosate, and others.Green labelSlightly toxicMore than 5000Mancozeb, oxyfluorfen, mosquito repellant oils and liquids, and most other household insecticides. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and Health | Highly toxic insecticide, according to WHO classification, are coded as:
A. Red
B. Green
C. Yellow
D. Blue
| Yellow |
75c4567e-b5c8-4b1d-aa7e-c96241a79aae | Sho stature Defined as height below third centile or more than 2 standard detions below the median height for age and gender according to the population standard. Children whose stature is more than 3 SD below the population mean for age and gender are more likely to be suffering from pathological sho stature as compared to those with stature between -2 and -3SD , who are more likely to be affected by familial or constitutional sho stature. CAUSES:- 1. The most common cause is constitutional. 2. Familial 3. Pathological causes include: Undernutrition Chronic systemic illness Cerebral palsy Congenital hea disease Cystic fibrosis, asthma Malabsorption Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 4. Endocrine causes include: Growth hormone deficiency Hypothyroidism Cushing syndrome Pseudohypoparathyroidism Precocious or delayed pubey 5. Psychosocial dwarfism 6. Children born small for gestational age. 7. Skeletal dysplasia; achondroplasia, rickets. 8. Genetic syndrome; Turner, Down syndrome. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 9th edition | Pediatrics | Growth and development | The most common etiology of sho stature is?
A. Thyroxine deficiency
B. Growth hormone deficiency
C. Systemic diseases
D. Constitutional growth delay
| Constitutional growth delay |
0ef228fe-7b48-45ff-b243-1ce54a492ba6 | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dermatitis herpetiformis Immunopathological appearance of vesicobullous disorders* Bullous pemphigoid-Linear band of IgG or C3 in epidermal basement membrane* Pemphigus vulgaris-Cell surface deposits of IgG on keratinocytes* Pemphigus foliaceous-Cell surface deposits of IgG on keratinocytes* Pemphigoid gestationis-Linear band of C3 in epidermal basement membrane zone* Dermatitis herpetiformis-Granular deposits of IgA in dermal papillae* Chronic bullous disease of childhood-IgA deposits along the dermoepidermal junction* Linear IgA dermatosis of adults-Linear deposits of IgA at dermoepidermal junction | Unknown | null | Which of the following shows deposition of IgA in dermal papilla -
A. Dermatitis herpetiformis
B. IgA papillomatosis of childhood
C. Bullous pemphigoid
D. Gestational herpes
| Dermatitis herpetiformis |
a1201ff6-7397-443e-ab41-ef0eb36c0d6a | Ans. is 'a'- i.e., Cystic duct o The mucous membrane of the cystic duct forms a series of 5-12 crescentic folds, arranged spirally to form the so called spiral valve of Heister. This is not a true valve.o This question is a direct repeat from NBE based AI-2013 | Anatomy | Hepatobiliary System | Valve of heister is seen in -
A. Cystic duct
B. Common bile duct
C. Common hepatic duct
D. Pancreatic duct
| Cystic duct |
66b82d7e-d09c-4a3e-b760-feca47a1ad17 | Nitroprusside is a mixed dilator and is highly effective agent against ergot induced vasospasm. It is also the drug of choice for most of the hypeensive emergencies. | Pharmacology | Histamine, 5-HT and PGs | Which of the following is most useful for reversing severe ergot induced vasospasm?
A. Ergotamine
B. Methysergide
C. Nitroprusside
D. Phenoxybenzamine
| Nitroprusside |
0f7b3396-a3fa-42d7-92a7-21bb52a7ecc0 | Ans. A i.e. Malaria Man is an intermediate host in Plasmodium Echinococcus Tinea solium Toxoplasma gondi | Microbiology | null | Man is an intermediate host in life cycle of: September 2004
A. Malaria
B. Tuberculosis
C. Filariasis
D. Relapsing fever
| Malaria |
571bc1de-a01a-49dd-918f-3c9148d12cfb | MC common tumor of Middle Mediastinum: Lymphoma.
MC common mass of Middle Mediastinum: Brachogenic cyst***. | Surgery | null | Most common tumor of middle mediastinum:
A. Pericardial cyst
B. Aneurysm
C. Mesenchymal tumors
D. Lymphoma
| Lymphoma |
d2639fbf-9bcb-4d81-8092-37625b3baa06 | Commonest area of # causing CSF Rhinorrhea → cribriform plate of ethmoid bone as it is extremely thin.
Other possible areas of # causing CSF Rhinorrhea Frontal sinus (Posterior wall) or of the anterior cranial fossa.
Difference between CSF Rhinorrhea & allergic or vasomotor rhinitis CSF contains glucose which can be demonstrated by chemical tests.
CSF when collected into a test tube and allowed to stand, it remains clear in contradistinction to nasal discharge that leaves a sediment because of mucus and other proteins.
Nasal discharge stiffens the handkerchief and CSF dries soft in it.
Treatment: Prophylactic antibiotics & X-ray * If more than 2 wks then correct it surgically. | ENT | null | CSF Rhinorrhea occurs d/t
A. Roof of orbit
B. Frontal sinus
C. Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
D. Sphenoid bone
| Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone |
cdecebd7-fc63-4eee-8918-b89acb4c65f6 | Refer kDT 6/e p 534 Angiotensin receptor blocker like losaan and Beta blocker like my temporal all are cardioprotective in congestive hea failure. This decrease the moality Nicorandil is a potassium channel openers used in angina. It is cardioprotective in causing ischaemic preconditioning Rofecoxib is a selective COX 2 inhibitors. That was withdrawn due to increased risk of myocardial infarction | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | Which of the following associated with the highest cardiac moality
A. Rofecoxib
B. Nicorandil
C. Losaan
D. Metaprolol
| Rofecoxib |
ff68eadb-a891-49c6-a990-70522e31c63d | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lead o Effective preventive measure for high risk group e.g., X-ray technician is to use lead shields and lead rubber aprons. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | Radiation protection shields are made up of-
A. Copper
B. Silver
C. Lead
D. Tin
| Lead |
a2697d3c-6709-4924-a6a2-3cb896359544 | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 50-80 mm of H20 CSF finding Pressure - 50-80 mm of H20 Leucocyte - < 5, . 75% lymphocyte Protein - 20-45 mg/dl Glucose - > 50 (2/3 of serum glucose | Pediatrics | null | Normal intracranial pressure in a child is ?
A. 30-70 mm of H20
B. 50-80 mm of H20
C. 100-150 mm of H20
D. 50-150 mm of H20
| 50-80 mm of H20 |
f6b4d85f-abda-4add-b61a-0615aacbc419 | Placenta pre can be associated with several other conditions, including malpresentation, unstable lie, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and intrauterine growth restriction. There may also be an increased risk of congenital anomalies; however, there is no association with any specific anomaly. Ref: Wagner S.A. (2013). Chapter 18. Third-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding. In A.H. DeCherney, L. Nathan, N. Laufer, A.S. Roman (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 11e. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | At 34 weeks multigravida with previous 2 normal delivery has an unstable lie with the present pregnancy. It can be due to:
A. Oligohydramnios
B. Placenta pre
C. Pelvic tumor
D. Uterine anomalies
| Placenta pre |
da12f59e-3afb-44a4-8a1e-1107246d6fd3 | The commonest cause of Acute otitis media is Streptococcus pneumoniae in all age groups.Other agents- H. Influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas.Ref: Hazarika; 3rd ed; Pg: 149 | ENT | Ear | The commonest cause of acute otitis media in children is
A. H influenza
B. S pneumonia
C. S aureus
D. Pseudomonas
| S pneumonia |
4abf75fd-004f-490a-aae5-90165c495022 | Most specific indicator of liver injury is: ALT: SGPT (product present in cytosol that come in blood due to injury) AST: SGOT, present in cardiac tissue/liver so it's not specific SAP: (Cholestasis marker) Do not indicate hepatocyte necrosis 5' nucleotidase: Cholestasis marker | Medicine | Hepatic encephalopathy & hepatic failure | Most specific indicator of liver injury?
A. ALT
B. AST
C. SAP
D. 5' nucleotidase
| ALT |
e2f849be-43f8-4284-83e8-17aa0bc1ddb1 | Ans is 'b' i.e. Benzodiazepines Treatment of Panic disorders* Two most effective treatment are:-A. Pharmacotherapy : - The cornerstone of drug therapy is antidepressants. SSRIs (Fluoxetine or other) are the preferred agents. Because therapeutic effect of antidepressants takes some time to develop, initially Benzodiazepines are given along with antidepressants to provide immediate relief from anxiety and panic attack. So, DOC of acute panic attack is benzodiazepine.Drug used for Panic disordersi) SSRIs: - Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertaline, Fluvoxamine, Citalopram.ii) TCAs: - Clomipramine, imipramine.iii) BZDs: - Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam.iv) MAOIs: - Tranylcypromine, Phenelzinev) RIMAs: - Moclobemide, Brofaraminevi) Atypical antidepressants: - Venalafaxinevii) Other: - Valproic acid, inositolB. Cognitive - Behavioral therapy: - Combination of cognitive or behavioral therapy with pharamacotherapy is more effective than either approach alone.* Other therapies include family therapy, insight-oriented psychotherapy (psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy).Remember* Drug of choice for panic disorders - SSRIs* Drug of choice for acute panic attack - Benzodiazepines | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous | Treatment of choice for panic attack is?
A. Beta blockers
B. Benzodiazepines
C. TCAs
D. Neuroleptics
| Benzodiazepines |
b3d081d4-b51c-4563-9aae-f1324c0ce1a5 | Carbetocin is a newer longer acting analogue of oxytocin . Now a days oxytocin use is reduced and this newer acting analogue is being used. Ref: katzung 12th ed, endocrinology. | Pharmacology | All India exam | One of the longer acting analogue among uterine stimulants
A. Di hydro ergotamine
B. Carbetocin
C. Atosiban
D. Magnesium salts
| Carbetocin |
a075c7cc-0efd-4b2d-a1d6-936e0e8f9a5c | Pethidine (Meperidine) is metabolized to form normeperidine (long half life) which is excreted by the kidney. Administration of pethidine to a patient with Chronic Renal Failure causes toxic accumulation of this metabolite and is hence contraindicated. | Anaesthesia | null | Which of the following anaesthetic drugs is contraindicated in chronic renal failure –
A. Morphine
B. Fentanyl
C. Pethidine
D. Atracurium
| Pethidine |
3efdbf8b-b01c-4d6c-8571-fa3a363f3996 | Answer is A (SA Node) The rate of impulse generation/rate of discharge is highest in the SA node. Note: Highest Rate of impulse generation in seen in : SA NodeQ Highest Rate of conduction is seen in : Purkinje SystemQ | Medicine | null | Highest rate of impulse generation is given in:
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle of HIS
D. Purkinje system
| SA node |
856e3bea-c9f5-40c2-82ff-4c20bea7e1a2 | IMPOANT FETAL SKULL PARAMETERS Sub occpito brematic 9.5 cms : Sub mento bregmatic 9.5 cms Biparietal diameter 9.5 cms Mento veical 14 cms Submento veical 10cms Bi temporal diameter 8 cms Bimastoid: 7.5 cms | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Obstetrics | The shoest diameter in fetal head is:
A. Biparietal diameter
B. Bimastoid diameter
C. Occipito frontal diameter
D. Bitemporal Diameter
| Bimastoid diameter |
9ad7cad8-d585-499b-830b-1da706368814 | Ans. B i.e. Fictitious child Supposititious children are fraudulent offspring. These arose when an heir was required and so a suitable baby might be procured and passed off as genuine. | Forensic Medicine | null | Supposititious child is: March 2013 (d, h)
A. Illegitimate child
B. Fictitious child
C. Battered child
D. Posthumous child
| Fictitious child |
f4d4c6cf-7952-4b8a-97e3-10cee2b5e8eb | Ans: (b) PTENRef: WHO, FGT, Page 29-34Going with PTEN because it's the most common one mutated (Ref: WHO - >50%). P53 mutation is seen only in type 2 carcinomas, incidence of which is less. PTEN is seen in both type 1 and type 2 carcinomas.FeaturesType 1Type 2Prototypic formEndometrioid carcinomaUterine (papillary) serous carcinomaTypical patientPerimenopausal or early postmenopausal womenElderly women Background of endometrial hyperplasiaBackground of atrophic endometrium Low-gradeHigh-grade Estrogen-dependentNot estrogen-dependentEstrogen receptorUsually positive; high grade cases may be negativeNegativeMIB1 proliferation index (ki-67)LowHighp53Negative; high grade cases may be positiveDiffuse positivity | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Carcinoma Endometrium | A 50-year-old woman who was obese and hypertensive, came with complaints of bleeding and abdomen pain, diagnosed to be endometrial cancer. Which of the following gene is mutated?
A. P53
B. PTEN
C. Beta catenin
D. CHD4
| PTEN |
b27b122f-1111-46c5-8f34-e0d1d73fb833 | Immunoglobulins constitute 20 to 25% of total serum proteins. Based on physiochemical and antigenic differences, five classes of immunoglobulins have been recognized: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE.(Ref: Ananthanarayan 9th edition, p93) | Pathology | All India exam | What is the percentage of immunoglobulins present in proteins
A. 5-10%
B. 10-15%
C. 15-20%
D. 20-25%
| 15-20% |
97c3257d-4e42-40d1-86bf-2f44c89ed699 | Complication of recurrent packed RBC transformation - Acute lung injury (due to release of cytokines) - TRALI (transfusion related acute lung injury) (mainly due to donor antibodies) - G.V.H.D can be prevented by used of leucodepeleted blood or irradiated blood. | Medicine | Blood Bank & Transfusion Therapy | Which of these is not a complication of recurrent packed RBC transfusion?
A. Circulatory overload
B. Acute lung injury
C. Jaundice
D. Diarrhoea
| Circulatory overload |
e13c4cbb-c4ad-45e5-955d-e638b30a3572 | Ans. (a) Angioarcoma(Ref. Sabiston page 842,20th edition)* Angiosarcoma most commonly follows RT to the axilla.* Characterized by Bluish purple nodule clinically | Surgery | Breast | Most common type of sarcoma of breast
A. Angiosarcoma
B. Rhabdomyosarcoma
C. Kaposi sarcoma
D. Synovial
| Angiosarcoma |
ac85f7d0-73fe-497a-9bd8-0955136c060c | A i.e. Needling & aspiration Surgical techniques employed for removal of paediatric (congenital or developmental) cataract include - lens aspirationQ, lens aspiration with anterior vitrectomy, lensectomy ( limbal or pars plana route), and extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) preferrably by phacoemulsificationQ. Presently the technique of intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), discission (needling) and linear extraction (curette evacuation) are obsolete procedures and sparingly performed world wide. Surgery in pediatric patients involve anterior capsulorrhexis, aspiration of lens matter, capsulorrhexis of posterior capsule, limited anterior vitrectomy, and IOL implantationQ, if appropriate. Method Advantage Disadvantage Indication Lens Limbal route + either single Can implant IOL in Theoretical risk of Preferred method aspiration incision or two po bimanual bag and manoeuvre astigmatism & when intraocular technique + 5mm anterior capsulorrhexis with poorly dilated pupil endothelial loss lens implanted Q Lens Limbal route + 5mm anterior Reduces chances of Risk of cystoid Preferred method in aspiration and 4 mm planned posterior posterior capsular macular oedema infants less than 2 with anterior vitrectomy capsulorrhexis + anterior vitrectomy opacification years Lensectomy Limbal or Pars plana route. The No posterior - Incarceration of the In neonates & lens is completely eaten away capsular vitreous in the infants less than 2 with a vitrectomy instrument + opacification scleral incision years of age but is peripheral rim of capsule for - Risk of retinal not preferred by secondary lens implanation is left by some surgeon. detachment some surgeons - Surgery hindered if pupil constricted | Ophthalmology | null | Treatment of congenital cataract is:
A. Needing and aspiration
B. Intracapsular extraction
C. Extracapsular extraction
D. Cryotherapy
| Needing and aspiration |
7a15a410-a77d-4d10-8f04-092de4e2b694 | The most common mutation in hereditary hemochromatos is a homozygous G to A mutation resulting in a cysteine to tyrosine substitution at position 282 (C282Y). Another relatively common mutation (H63D) results in a substitution of histidine to aspaic acid at codon 63. Mutations like transferrin receptor 2 TFR2 mutation and ferropoin 1 gene, SLC11A3 mutation are rare. Ref: Harrisons principles of internal medicine, 18th edition, Page: 3162 | Pathology | null | MOST common mutation seen in heriditary hemochromatosis is:
A. C282Y
B. H63D
C. TFR2
D. SLC11A3
| C282Y |
7a23db2f-b032-482a-ae09-ee0bda97951a | Answer is A (Bacillus cereus) Bacillus cereus causes non invasive diarrhea secondary to small bowel hypersecretion, as a result of preformed bacterial toxins. Rotavirus, Aeromonas sp and Shigella are all invasive organism known to cause invasive diarrhea. | Medicine | null | Which of the following organism does not cause invasive diarrhea
A. Bacillus cereus
B. Aeromonassp
C. Rota virus
D. Shigella
| Bacillus cereus |
d9f7d981-a99b-4357-bcbe-8cc674d143b5 | The superego develops at approximately the time a child starts first grade (6 years of age). The superego controls id (the sexual and aggressive aspects of the mind) impulses and represents moral values and conscience. The ego (the personality) and the id develop at earlier ages. The unconscious and the conscious minds also develop at earlier ages. | Unknown | null | Which of the following parts of the mind develops at approximately the time a child starts first grade?
A. Ego
B. Unconscious
C. Superego
D. Conscious
| Superego |
8bb39455-6d29-46b4-bda5-1ddb36c73cde | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rotor syndrome Breast milk jaundice -o Decrease bilirubin uptake across hepathocyte membrane.o Entero-hepatic recirculation,o Leads to indirect hyperbilirubinemia.Rotor syndrome & Dubin-Johnson syndrome - (Nelson 17th/e Chapter 354)o Defect in hepatocyte secretion of conjugated bilirubin,o Leads to direct hyperbilirubinemia. | Pediatrics | Liver and Biliary System | Causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is -
A. Rotor syndrome
B. Breast milk jaundice
C. Crigler najjar syndrome
D. Gilbert syndrome
| Rotor syndrome |
7cfc068a-0004-4f06-994f-748c0e50a3ce | 2%, 4% and 8% buffered glutaraldehyde solutions can be used.
2% is used for pulpotomies in primary teeth.
The recommended time for 4% is 4 min and 8% is 2 min. | Dental | null | Recommend time for using8% glulataraldehyde for pulpotomy:
A. 30sec
B. 1minute.
C. 2minute.
D. 4minute
| 2minute. |
f0a5d913-403a-4e57-a8a1-7734e26eea28 | Ans. B. ErythrasmaERYTHRASMA is caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. It is a chronic superficial bacterial infection of skin involving the body folds and toe, webs, sometimes becoming generalized. It is characterized by presence of sharply demarcated, dry, brown slightly scaly and slowly spreading patches.SOME IMPORTANT NAMED DISEASES:DISEASECAUSATIVE AGENTPiroplasmosis/Texas feverBabesiaKatayama diseaseSchisto. JaponicumOmsk feverFlaviviridaeGaol feverRick. ProwazekiPink eyeH. aegyptiacusBaghdad sore/Delhi boil/Oriental soreLeishmania tropicaCarrions disease/Peruvian wartBartonella bacilliformisHebra noseKlebs. RhinoscleromatisMilker's nodeParavacciniaVagabonds diseasePediculosis corporisBuruli ulcerMycobact. ulceransCoconut cake rectumTrichuris trichiuraPseudohemoptysisSerratiaWalking pneumoniaMycoplasma pneumoniaPontiac feverLegionellaWeil's diseaseLeptospira interrogansCanicola feverLeptospira canicolaTinea imbricateTrichophyton concentricumPresternal edemaMumps virusPMLEJC virusDuncan's diseaseEBVCold soreHSVOrfParapox virusMedian rhomboid glossitisCandida albicansRed diaper syndromeSerratia marcesans | Skin | Bacterial Infection of Skin | Corynebacterium minutissimum causes?
A. Erysipelas
B. Erythrasma
C. Erythema ab igne
D. Erythroplasia
| Erythrasma |
9942c7f1-5c2b-4ec9-a218-8f4e38875cbe | Mechanism of action of antiemetic drugs are: Anticholinergic e.g hyoscine H1 antihistaminics e.g promethazine,diphenyhydramine,cyclizine. 5-HT3 antagonists e.g ondansetrone,granisetron Prokinetics. 5HT4 agonists e.g cisapride. Motilin agonist e.g erythromycin. CTZ contains histamine dopamine,cholinergic,opioid and serotonin receptors.antiemetic acts by inhibiting the receptors at CTZ.( ref KDT 6/e p643) | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract | Antiemetic action is produced through:
A. Decreased CTZ stimulation
B. H1 agonistic action
C. D1 antagonistic action
D. Olfactory apparatus stimulation
| Decreased CTZ stimulation |
459a3562-0631-4c95-8a22-8ef2d2c447fc | Methemoglobinemia is seen with benzocaine, prilocaine and with EMLA. | Anaesthesia | null | Methemoglobinemia is seen with
A. Tetracaine
B. Prilocaine
C. Bupivacaine
D. Procaine
| Prilocaine |
3dfb4db7-65a3-4bfc-ac88-f1fd1310faf1 | Fluoroquinolones:- * Gemifloxacin is a third generation fluoroquinolone having absolute oral bioavailability. * All third generation fluoroquinolones: Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin and Gemifloxacin have 100% oral biovailability. * Among the Fluoroquinolones, Norfloxacin has the least oral bioavailability. Ref:- HL & KK Sharma's Principles of Pharmacology 3rd Ed; Pg Num:- 724 | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | Fluoroquinolone with highest oral bioavailability
A. Gemifloxacin
B. Norfloxacin
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Levofloxacin
| Gemifloxacin |
844576dc-bc03-4c14-a571-a99a723e5639 | Lithium is stopped 24- 48 hour prior to surgery. Lithium potentiates neuromuscular blockers thus stopped prior to surgery | Anaesthesia | Monitoring in Anesthesia | A patient on oral lithium therapy posted for surgery what is the recommendation.
A. Continue till the day of Sx
B. Stop 24 - 48 hours prior To Sx
C. Stop 48-72 hours prior to Sx
D. Stop 1 week prior to Sx
| Stop 24 - 48 hours prior To Sx |
e494c6ed-4ba0-4fbf-92d6-5d9977a67a19 | Ans. D: 2 protons, 2 neutrons Alpha paicles are simple helium nuclei (i.e. consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons) Remember: Alpha rays: Most ionizing Gamma rays: Maximum penetration power Cesium-137, cobalt and radium emits predominantly: Gamma rays | Radiology | null | Alpha paicle has: September 2011
A. 1 proton, 2 neutrons
B. 1 proton, 1 neutron
C. 2 protons, 1 neutron
D. 2 protons, 2 neutrons
| 2 protons, 2 neutrons |
6830be79-cda3-4cc8-8b94-5f3a52bd2343 | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Von Gierke disease Liver glycogenoses |Hypoglycemia| | |HepatomegalyCirrhosis|||| |RenomegalyHypoglycemia unresponsive to glucagon/epinephrineNo renomegaly Hypoglycemia corrected by glucagon/epinephrineType IV(Anderson) (Abnormal glycogen structure)||| | | Von Gierke's disease (Type I) (Normal glycogen structure)Abnormal glycogen structure Normalglycogen structure | | Type III (Cori/Forbe/limit dextrinosis)Type VI (Hers) | Biochemistry | Glycogen Metabolism and Glycogen Storage | Most common glycogen storage disease presenting with hypoglycemia and normal glycogen structure -
A. Von Gierke disease
B. Pompe's disease
C. Me Ardle's disease
D. Forbe's disease
| Von Gierke disease |
44d622b6-68cd-4b6b-89a9-2e10c3f91f93 | Hydrolysis of sucrose (optical rotation +66.5deg) will produce one molecule of glucose (+52.5deg) and one molecule of fructose (-92deg). Therefore the products will change the dextrorotation to levorotation, or the plane of rotation is inveed. Equimolecular mixture of glucose and fructose thus formed is called inve sugar. The enzyme producing hydrolysis of sucrose is called sucrase or invease. Honey contains inve sugar. Inve sugar is sweeter than sucrose.Ref: DM Vasudevan, page no: 68 | Biochemistry | nutrition and digestion | The brush border bound hydrolase linked with sucrase is
A. Alpha dextrinase
B. Glucose hydrolase
C. Trehalase
D. Alpha fructase
| Alpha dextrinase |
3eb92877-d30f-451a-9359-59c94d172c23 | parks textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. *among the commonly used nuts ,cashewnut and almonds are good source of iron,but pistachio is the richest containing 14mg of iron per 100g . | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health | Maximum iron is in which nut ?
A. Pista
B. Cashew
C. Peanut
D. Walnut
| Pista |
1da62bd1-f210-451c-aeee-60658c9e155d | Samster's triad : Nasal polyp Bronchial asthma Asprin sensitivity Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 510. | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses | Samter's triad include sensitivity to which drug?
A. Ibuprofen
B. Indomethacin
C. Aspirin
D. Ketorolac
| Aspirin |
6cdd49e4-722e-4f9a-adae-5ba13a3bfdc2 | *Osteopetrosis is also known as marble bone disease or Albers- Schonberg disease. *Paget's disease is known as Osteitis deformans. *Osteogenesis imperfecta is known as Brittle bone disease. *Osteoporosis is known as Fragile bone disease. Ref: Maheshwari 9th/e p.307 | Orthopaedics | Metabolic and endocrine disorders | which of the following is Marble bone disease ?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Paget's disease
C. Osteopetrosis
D. Osteogenesis imperfecta
| Osteopetrosis |
e7e18651-60be-4f8b-9223-a3d113cb3dc2 | (B) Thermophilic actinomycetes # FARMER'S LUNG is due to the inhalation of mouldy hay or grain dust. In grain dust or hay with a moisture content of over 30 per cent bacteria and fungi grow rapidly, causing a rise of temperature to 40 to 50deg C.This heat encourages the growth of thermophilic actinomycetes, of which Micropolyspora faerti is the main cause of farmer's lung.# OTHER FORMS OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Coalworker's pneumoconiosis (also known as miner's lung, black lung or anthracosis) -- coal, carbon Asbestosis -- asbestos Silicosis (also known as "grinder's disease" or Potter's rot, or when related to silica inhaled from the ash of an erupting volcano, Pneu-mono ultramicroscopic silico-volcanoconiosis) -- crystalline silica dust Bauxite fibrosis -- Bauxite Berylliosis--Beryllium Siderosis--Iron Byssinosis -- Cotton Silicosiderosis -- mixed dust containing silica and iron Labrador lung (found in miners in Labrador, Canada) -- mixed dust containing iron, silica and anthophyllite, a type of asbestos Stannosis -- Tin oxide | Social & Preventive Medicine | Miscellaneous | Farmer's lung result from exposure to
A. Aspergillus
B. Thermophilic actinomycetes
C. Cotton dust
D. Silica
| Thermophilic actinomycetes |
765c9649-915e-43f4-84dc-fa2ab63dfa33 | ORSThe aim of oral rehydration therapy is to prevent dehydration and reduce moality.Oral fluid therapy is based on the observation that glucose given orally enhances the intestinal absorption of salt and water and is capable of correcting electrolyte and water deficit.At first the composition of oral rehydration salt recommended by WHO was sodium bicarbonate based. The inclusion of trisodium citrate in place of sodium bicarbonate made the product more stable and it resulted in less stool output especially in high output diarrhoea, probably because of the direct effect of trisodium citrate in increasing intestinal absorption of sodium and water.More recently an improved ORS formulation has been developed which is safe and effective as the original in preventing and treating diarrhoeal dehydration. It is focussed on reducing the osmolarity of ORS solution to avoid adverse effects of hypeonicity on net fluid absorption by reducing the concentration of glucose and sodium chloride in the solution.A freshly prepared ORS should be used before 24hrs.Decreasing the sodium concentration of ORS solution to 75 mOsm/l improved the efficacy of ORS regimen for children with acute non-cholera diarrhoea.Reduced osmolarity ORS:-(g/L)Sodium chloride- 2.6Glucose,anhydrous- 13.5Potassium chloride- 1.5Trisodium citrate,dihydrate-2.9Total =20.5 g/LReduced osmolarity ORS:-(mmol/L)Sodium-75Chloride-65Glucose,anhydrous-75Potassium-20Citrate-10Total = 245 mmol/LGuidelines for oral rehydration therapy in first four hours(as per weight)1. Under 5 kg:200-400 ml2. 5-7.9 kg: 400-600 ml3. 8-10.9 kg : 600-800 ml4. 11-15.9 kg: 800-1200 ml5. 16-29.9 kg: 1200-2200 ml6. 30/ above: 2200-4000 ml{Reference: park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.224} | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | ORS required during 4 hours in a 20 kg child
A. 200-400 ml
B. 400-600 ml
C. 600-800 ml
D. 1200-2200 ml
| 1200-2200 ml |
1810271d-49a4-43c3-a5de-fbb4cec816c3 | Ans- is 'a' i.e., Bronchial Artery Schwartz writes -"Cavitary lesions are characteristic pathological lesion in pulmonary tuberculosis. Due to intense inflammatory process in the periphery of cavity, hypertrophy of bronchial arterial and pulmonary arterial branches occur. These hypertrophied arterial branches can be eroded by the necrotizing process occurring in the centre of the cavity. This causes Hemoptysis"Between these two the vessels, most frequently responsible for hemoptyses is a dilated bronchial arterial brancho Massive hemoptysis due to active T.B. can occur in the setting of cavitary or noncavitory lesions,o The cause of the bleeding is usually bronchial ulceration with necrosis of adjacent blood vessels and distal alveoli# This type of bleeding is from the bronchial arterial circulation.o Less often active T.B. may cause sudden rupture of Rasmussen s aneurusm.o This is an aneurysm ofpulmonary artery that slowly expands because of inflammatory erosion of external wall until it bursts. | Medicine | Blood | The artery most frequntly responsible for bleeding in massive hemoptysis is-
A. Bronchial Artery
B. Pulmonary Artery
C. Interseginental .Artery
D. Interostal Artry
| Bronchial Artery |
5a3034f3-12b7-489a-9779-bdf86dd3483b | Answer is B (Alpo's syndrome): Alpo's syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by hereditary nephritis, sensorineural deafness and ocular abnormalities paicularly lenticonus. | Medicine | null | Association of deafness & nephritis is seen in
A. Pickwickian syndrome
B. Alpo's syndrome
C. Fabry's disease
D. Lawrence Moon Biedl syndrome
| Alpo's syndrome |
a0ac132b-9b30-4b27-9214-b430b2e3f4d5 | Ans. is d i.e Disruption of cell membrane Spermicides : "Spermicides are contraceptive chemical agents. They comprise,of a chemical capable of destroying sperm, incororated into an ine base. The commonly used spermicidal agents contgain nonionic surfactants which alter sperm surface membrane permeability, causing osmotic changes resulting in killing of sperm. Most of the spermicides contain nonoxynol-9 which is the best for this purpose." | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | Spermicidal jelly acts through :
A. Acrosomal enzyme
B. Cervical enzyme alteration
C. Glucose uptake inhibition by sperms
D. Disruption of cell membrane
| Disruption of cell membrane |
4aa9c145-99e7-4fd8-b45c-e0e1ede1f775 | Answer is C (Proteins): Prions are infectious proteins devoid of any nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) | Medicine | null | Prions include:
A. DNA and RNA
B. Only RNA
C. Proteins
D. Only DNA
| Proteins |
0104e984-3d76-4093-aeea-867bcd4ccbdf | Hepatitis A virus belongs to Enterovirus (picomavirus family) and was originally designated as “enterovirus-72”
Hepatitis ‘A' virus
HAV is a non enveloped RNA virus.
It is classified in genus Hepatovirus under family picomavirus.
Originally called as enterovirus 72.
It is the only human hepatitis virus which can be cultivated in vitro. It can be grown in some human and simian cell
cultures.
Most common cause of acute hepatitis in children.
Transmission is by the fecal-oral route.
The virus is shed in feces during the late incubation period and the prodromal phase of the illness.
Maybe present occasionally in the saliva and urine of patients, but this is not relevant in the spread.
Prophylaxis
Both passive and active prophylaxis are available.
Passive prophylaxis by pooled normal human immunoglobulin is given IM before exposure or in the early incubation period.
Active prophylaxis is by a conjugate vaccine containing HAV (inactivated by formalin) grown in human diploid cell culture. | Microbiology | null | Enterovirus 72 is
A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis E
C. Hepatitis G
D. Hepatitis C
| Hepatitis A |
37deaf41-88bb-4a69-8baa-68f4f726c4b8 | Multiple sclerosis It is a demyelinating disorder of unknown etiology, affecting women more often than men, usually in the 15-50 years age group. Pathologically, the condition is characterised by a patchy destruction of the myelin sheaths throughout the central nervous system. Clinical course of the condition: It is marked by remissions and relapses. In this condition, optic neuritis is usually unilateral. Other ocular lesions include bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and vestibular or cerebellar nystagmus. Ref:- A K KHURANA; pg num:- 310 | Ophthalmology | Ocular motility and squint | The common cause of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia is
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Lead toxicity
D. Diphtheria
| Multiple sclerosis |
436bb59d-e42e-43c4-b081-c7dce7dca047 | Ans: a (Auditory pathway) Ref: IB Singh 6th ed/p. 107Trapezoid body is concerned with auditory pathway.Auditory Pathway:First order neurons start from the spiral ganglion and end in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei.From there, the second order neurons end in superior olivary nucleus of both sides. Some fibres do not relay in superior olivary nucleus, instead go through the Trapezoid body.From both the trapezoid body and superior olivary nuclei, the fibres pass through the lateral lemniscus, to reach the inferior colliculus.From there, it goes to the medial geniculate body and is projected to superior temporal gyrus. Note:-Fibres arising from the ventral cochlear nucleus pass through the trapezoid body.Some fibres arising from the dorsal cochlear nucleus does not pass through the trapezoid body and project directly into the superior colliculus.Superior olivary nucleus receives fibres from both cochlea (bilateral).Fibres from both dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleireach superior olivary nucleus. | Physiology | Nervous System | Trapezoid body is associated with
A. Auditory pathway
B. Visual pathway
C. Touch pathway
D. Pain pathway
| Auditory pathway |
ce22653c-a791-4267-8e4d-ce3c62c1c67b | In this above case, the history raises the suspicion of dowry death. Such death under peculiar circumstances can be investigated by the orders of the Magistrate. Section 176 CrPc is concerned with Magistrate's Inquest. This section of the law deals with the inquiry of the Magistrate into the cause of the death. A magistrate's inquest is conducted by : a. District Magistrate - Collector / Deputy Commissioner b. Sub-divisional Magistrate (RDO) c. Tahsildar d. Any other Executive Magistrate - especially empowered by the State Government. The Magistrate's inquest is conducted for the following cases : 1. Death under police custody 2. Rape under police custody 3. Death during police interrogation 4. Death due to police firing 5. Death in prison 6. Death in Reformatories 7. Death in Borstal school 8. Death in a psychiatric hospital 9. Sudden disappearance of a person 10. Dowry death 11. Suicide of a woman within seven years of her marriage 12. Exhumation - to conduct examination of the buried body of the victim Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology By Dr. K. S. Narayan Reddy, 27th Edition, Pages 5-6, 255, 258-259; Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology By Krishan Vij, 5th Edition, Pages 169, 206; Concise Textbook Of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology By Sharma, 2nd Edition, Page 102. | Forensic Medicine | null | The parents of a dead woman complained that their daughter's in-laws used to demand for dowry frequently. Their daughter had died within 5 years of marriageunder suspicious circumstances. The magistrate can authorize the autopsy of this case under which of the following sections:
A. Section 302 IPC
B. Section 174 CrPc
C. Section 304 IPC
D. Section 176 CrPc
| Section 176 CrPc |
5a9bbc11-81f5-4455-bfb1-647ca3a80585 | Ans. is 'd' Recurrent manic depressive attacks Lithium is used in prophylaxis of manic depressive illness. | Psychiatry | Bipolar Disorder | Lithium is used in prophylaxis of
A. Recurrent phobia
B. Alcohol dependence
C. Paranoid Schizophrenia
D. Recurrent manic depressive attacks
| Recurrent manic depressive attacks |
eb926bfb-1cc4-4a79-bf37-0af14adb7c69 | Pubic symphysis - 12 week Umbilicus - 24 weeks Xiphoid process - 36 weeks 1-2 finger width below costal arch - 40 weeks Please note that these are rough estimates of fundal height and their correlation with the gestational age> These can vary significantly if the patient is very thin or very obese. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Physiological Changes of Pregnancy | At 24 Weeks the fundus height reaches to :-
A. At level of umbilicus
B. Midway between symphysis pubis to umbilicus
C. Midway between umbilicus to xiphi sternum
D. At Xiphi sternum
| At level of umbilicus |
83a46f0a-6314-48e8-b6a9-846317eef4cd | Amount of Protein present in 100ml of breast milk is: 1.1 g/dl | Pediatrics | JIPMER 2019 | Amount of Protein present in 100ml of breast milk is
A. 2.2 g
B. 1.1 g
C. 0.55g
D. 3.3g
| 1.1 g |
efb8e8f1-0c57-4e8f-b02b-343dc11223d7 | kyasanur foerst disease a hemorrhagic fever found in karnataka. It is arboviral disease REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.524 | Microbiology | Virology | Following are Arboviral diseases -
A. KFD
B. West Nile Fever
C. Ganjam virus
D. RSV
| KFD |
8f5c96d3-5b82-4e01-97a7-117139cf0449 | The clinical picture is suggestive of leptospirosis. Hence, the drug to be prescribed in this case is penicillin. Following points are in or of leptospirosis: A sewer (an underground conduit for carrying off drainage water and waste matter) worker Signs of meningismus Laboratory diagnosis of renal failure and elevated liver enzymes (Weil's disease) Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition | Microbiology | Bacteriology | A sewer worker presents with highgrade fever, neck rigidity, and signs of meningismus. Laboratory findings are suggestive of renal failure and elevated liver enzymes. The most appropriate drug to be prescribed in this case is ____
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Pencillin
C. Cotrimoxazole
D. Azithromycin
| Pencillin |
761b3ba6-496e-4e4b-8940-297c2d4eff43 | Ans. B: Life expectancy excluding disability free period This index (expectation of life free of disability) is computed by subtracting from the the life expectancy the probable duration of bed disability and inability to perform major activities, according to cross-sectional data from the population surveys. It is one of the most advanced indicators of disability rates currently available. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | Sullivan index denotes: September 2006
A. Life expectancy at bih
B. Life expectancy excluding disability free period
C. Contraceptive failure rate
D. Hookworm density in stool
| Life expectancy excluding disability free period |
c743859b-45a0-4a82-8324-ba2826e81b61 | Wound Strength Carefully sutured wounds have approximately 70% of the strength of normal skin When sutures are removed, usually at 1 week, wound strength is approximately 10% of that of unwounded skin this increases rapidly over the next 4 weeks Wound strength reaches approximately 70% to 80% of normal by 3 month never regain 100% strength ref:-basic pathology, Robbins 9th ed, page 72 | Pathology | General pathology | Complete wound strength is gained by?
A. Never regained
B. 1 month
C. 6 months
D. 1 year
| Never regained |
12587d05-7d72-4b2a-8a64-0e68da240af6 | Disease under international surveillance
Rabies
Malaria
Relapsing fever
Human Influenza
Salmonellosis
Typhus fever (Louse borne)
Poliomyelitis | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | Disease not included under International surveillance
A. Yellow fever
B. Poliomyelitis
C. Malaria
D. Relapsing fever
| Yellow fever |
261fbdbc-cfd3-4027-9ce7-6dde7e791c47 | Ans. (A) Cesarean section(Ref: DC Dutta's Text book of Obstertics 8th Ed; Page No 751)The given image is Doyen's Retractor.Material: Stainless steelSterilization: AutoclavingUses:#ObstetricCesarean sectionCesarean hysterectomyf Exploratory laparotomy for ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy#GynecologicAbdominal hysterectomyWertheim's hysterectomyTuboplastySling operationPurandare's cervicopexyExploratory laparotomy for ovarian tumorsMyomectomy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Operative Obs | The given below instrument used in:
A. Cesarean section
B. Vaginal hysterectomy
C. Fothergill surgery
D. Suction evacuation
| Cesarean section |
5bd5d445-0715-4735-b4e7-21e1ee9f20a3 | Bone conduction is a measure of cochlear function. This is tested either by Schwabach test or absolute bone conduction test or audiometrically by placing the vibrator on the mastoid bone. Decreased bone conduction or loss of it indicates hypoactive or non-functioning cochlea. All other conditions listed in (a), (b) and (c) cause conductive hearing loss with cochlear function remaining normal. | ENT | Ear | Decreased bone conduction in an audiogram indicates:
A. Tympanic membrane perforation
B. Ossicular dislocation
C. Ossicular fixation
D. Damage to cochlea
| Damage to cochlea |
76dd051e-41fc-4524-bf3d-1acff121affa | The ECG pattern in the left sided group has been more conspicuous and more striking, and has consisted of a lower voltage of QRS-1, flattening of T waves in Lead 1, a change in the contour of QRS complexes in the chest leads, and a definite inversion of T waves in the chest leads; these T wave inversions being the most constant and conspicuous of all changes. There will be right axis detion with Q waves in the anterior leads. It may mimic acute myocardial infarction. The ECG pattern in the right sided group has been mainly depression of QRS-1, and depression of P waves in the limb leads. T inversion has been notably absent. | Medicine | null | Which is not a finding in a massive left sided pneumothorax?
A. Absent R wave
B. T wave inversion
C. ST segment change
D. Left axis detion
| Left axis detion |
6bc55201-4e14-40a7-9207-58f0579ec1a1 | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Specific protection o Option 'c' is also correct because specific protection is a type of primary prevention. o But we will have to choose one option for All India enterance examination. o Option 'b' (specific protection) is the best answer (unlike previous question where more than one option can be correct for PGI). | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | Iron and folic acid supplementation forms -
A. Health promotion
B. Specific protection
C. Primordial prevention
D. Primary prevention
| Specific protection |
3f885afc-dba0-42a0-81c9-9ee78c3eb06a | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mumps virus o Mumps begins as a primary infection in the respiratory tract and spreads by viremia to glandular tissues including the salivary glands, pancreas, testes and ovaries. | Microbiology | Myxo Viruses | Which of the following can infect ovary -
A. Mumps virus
B. EBV
C. CMV
D. Measles virus
| Mumps virus |
2afa6e6b-6108-4be7-bbbb-dea4bd805ebc | MAP is the average blood pressure during one cardiac cycle and can be directly measured through invasive hemodynamic monitoring or can be calculated as the systolic blood pressure, plus two times the diastolic blood pressure, divided by three. The normal range of MAP is 70 to 100 mm Hg. Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:813,814,815 | Physiology | Nervous system | Brain perfusion means
A. Mean aerial pressure - Intracranial pressure
B. Mean aerial pressure + Intracranial pressure
C. Mean aerial pressure - CVP
D. Mean aerial pressure + CVP
| Mean aerial pressure - Intracranial pressure |
00f589fb-b987-446b-b1c7-3904d48b6bbd | sea snake Venom -- myotoxic Rhabdomyolysis is a condition that occurs due to the breakdown of muscle tissue. REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO322 | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning | Rhabdomyolysis is caused by -
A. Sea snake
B. Cobra
C. Viper
D. Krait
| Sea snake |
d67fbbee-5ce4-4fff-a9e5-9cf50171b66f | Musculocutaneous nerve arise from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Other nerves arising from the lateral cord are lateral root of median nerve and lateral pectoral nerve. Branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus are:Medial root of median nerveMedial pectoralMedial cutaneous nerve of forearmMedial cutaneous nerve of armUlnar nerveBranches of the posterior cord are:Upper subscapularLower subscapularThoracodorsalAxillary nerveRadial nerveRef: Clinical Anatomy: (a Problem Solving Approach) By Kulkarni page 99 | Anatomy | null | Which of the following nerve arise from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
A. Ulnar nerve
B. Musculocutaneous nerve
C. Medial root of median nerve
D. Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
| Musculocutaneous nerve |
ab97ff74-558b-434c-be91-42383a27e319 | Oily layer of tear film. Ref khurana 6th edition REF IMG | Ophthalmology | Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus | Meibomian glands secrete which component of sweat-
A. Water {aqueous}
B. Mucin
C. Protein
D. Lipid
| Lipid |
c1b93963-b8f5-4392-9ea6-966e31a7497e | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Maple Syrup urine diseaseMAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE In this disorder, the branched-chain keto acids derived from isoleucine, leucine, and valine appear in the urine, giving it a maple syrup-like odor.This condition results from a deficiency in the branched-chain -keto acid dehydrogenase.It is a mitochondrial, enzyme complex consisting of a-ketoacid decarboxylase , Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase and Transacylase The early steps in the metabolism of these three amino-acids are similar. One of the steps - decarboxylation is accomplished by a complex enzyme system i.e. branched chain oc-keto acid dehydrogenase using thiamine pyrophosphate (vitamin B1) as a coenzyme.The elevated keto acids cause severe brain damage, with death in the first year of life.The disease is characterized by feeding problems,vomiting, dehydration, severe metabolic acidosis, and a characteristic maple syrup odor to the urine. If untreated, the disease leads to mental retardation, physical disabilities, and even death.Treatment. A few cases respond to megadoses of thiamine (vitamin B1). Otherwise, synthetic diets low in branched-chain amino acids are given. | Pediatrics | null | Deficiency of enzyme a-keto acid decarboxylase leading to a block in the metabolism of branch chain amino acids is observed in -
A. Maple syrup urine disease
B. Hanup's disease
C. Alkaptonuria
D. Phenylketonuria
| Maple syrup urine disease |
6145a66a-6c4f-44a7-ac4b-13955863579f | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions | Pathology | null | Alcoholic hyaline, in alcoholic liver disease is composed of-
A. Lipofuscin
B. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions
C. Basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions
D. Hemozoin
| Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions |
650d2e32-c995-40d6-aa00-661fcdf46294 | Goodpasture's syndrome is characterized by acute renal failure due to RPGN and pulmonary hemorrhages. The disease results from damage to the glomeruli by anti-GBM antibodies which cross-react with alveolar basement membrane and hence, produce renal as well as pulmonary lesions. The evidence in suppo is the characteristic linear deposits of anti-GBM antibodies consisting of IgG and complement along the GBM, detection of circulating anti-GBM antibodies and induction of glomerular lesions with an injection of anti-GBM antibodies experimentally in monkeys Ref: Textbook of pathology Harsh Mohan 6th edition page 667 | Pathology | Urinary tract | Antiglomerular basement antibody is seen in-
A. Membranous glomerulonephritis
B. Goodpasture's syndrome
C. Alpo's syndrome
D. Henoch-Schonlein purpura
| Goodpasture's syndrome |
61e1f836-d2d2-405c-926f-6e1d258e5976 | Ans: D i.e. 7th cranial nerve Exposure keratopathy is due to any cause which may produce exposure of the cornea due to incomplete closure of the eyelids (lagophthalmos), such as extreme proptosis as in exophthalmic ophthalmoplegia or orbital tumour, paralysis of the orbicularis (neuroparalytic keratopathy etc.) Keratopathy Neurotrophic keratopathy (desquamation of corneal epithelium) occurs in some cases in which trigeminal nerve is paralyzed Neuroparalytic keratopathy is seen in facial nerve palsy as occurs in Bell's palsy, leprosy or neurological disorders leading to ectropion, lagophthalmos & exposure keratopathy | Ophthalmology | null | Exposure keratopathy is due to involvement of which cranial nerve: March 2012
A. 4th cranial nerve
B. 5th cranial nerve
C. 6th cranial nerve
D. 7th cranial nerve
| 7th cranial nerve |
7c0c59c3-2035-4dc5-a3ea-74accff4c097 | Ans. (A). T10 A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by afferent nerve fibers from a single nerve which forms a part of a spinal nerve. There are 8 cervical nerves (C1 being an exception with no dermatome), 12 thoracic nerves, 5 lumbar nerves and 5 sacral nerves. Each of these nerves relays sensation (including pain) from a particular region of skin to the brain. Along the thorax and abdomen the dermatomes are like a stack of discs forming a human, each supplied by a different spinal nerve. | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis | Dermatome of UMBILICUS is:
A. T10
B. L2
C. L3
D. L4
| T10 |
0d919dc2-b447-4a55-b631-203e0cbcc81c | Heme synthesis
Urea cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Mnemonic : These 3 pathways HUG cytoplasm and Mitochondria
These 3 pathways take place partly in cytoplasm and partly in mitochondria | Biochemistry | null | Which pathway takes place partly in mitochondria and partly in cytoplasm
A. Electron transport chain
B. Link reaction
C. Fatty acid synthesis
D. Gluconeogenesis
| Gluconeogenesis |
41a64d9e-cd8b-4db8-b999-549a0197f6ac | Relationship between prevalence and incidence Prevalence depends upon 2 factors, the incidence and duration of illness. Given the assumption that the population is stable, and incidence and duration are unchanging, the relationship between incidence and prevalence can be expressed as : P= IxD = incidence x mean duration Ref:- park; pg num:- 69 | Social & Preventive Medicine | All India exam | Prevalence is calculated by formula(2018)
A. Incidence x Mean durationx100
B. Incidence/ Mean duration x 100
C. Incidence/Mean duration
D. Incidence x Mean duration
| Incidence x Mean duration |
c67d2b7a-9b0b-4f9b-905c-9412fa192528 | Many sputum specimens are cultured unnecessarily. Sputum is often contaminated with saliva or is almost totally made up of saliva. These specimens rarely reveal the cause of the patient's respiratory problem and may provide laboratory information that is harmful. The sputum in question appears to be a good specimen. The pleomorphic Gram-negative rods are suggestive of Haemophilus, but culture of the secretions is necessary. | Surgery | null | A sputum sample was brought to the laboratory for analysis. Gram stain revealed the following: rare epithelial cells, 8 to 10 polymorphonu-clear leukocytes per high-power field, and pleomorphic Gram-negative rods. As the laboratory consultant, which of the following interpretations should you make?
A. The sputum specimen is too contaminated by saliva to be useful
B. The patient has pneumococcal pneumonia
C. The patient has Vincent's disease
D. The appearance of the sputum is suggestive of Haemophilus pneumonia
| The appearance of the sputum is suggestive of Haemophilus pneumonia |
62623004-11a7-42f5-93f1-8bd05c01e547 | MC virus leading to post transplantation lymphoma - EBV MC virus leading to Graft Failure in Post kidney transplantation - CMV | Medicine | viral infection | Most common virus leading to post transplantation lymphoma is?
A. EBV
B. CMV
C. Herpes
D. Aspergillus
| EBV |
60d1188c-b8b1-4d11-a454-ae0ceebabe82 | Acoustic neuroma is surgically removed through translabyrinthine, middle cranial fossa, suboccipital or combined translabyrinthine- suboccipital approach. Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 127 | ENT | Ear | Treatment of choice for acoustic neuroma is
A. Steroids
B. Radiotherapy
C. Anti-neoplastic drugs
D. Surgery
| Surgery |
8160c48b-4811-4f16-ba36-e673abdf337d | Mirriz's syndrome(Functional hepatic syndrome) It is defined as obstruction of the common hepatic duct or CBD by external compression or by erosion of stone in the Hamann pouch or cystic duct. External compression has been classified as type I where as erosion as type II Mirriz's syndrome by McSherry Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1510 | Anatomy | G.I.T | Mirizzi's Syndrome is
A. GB stone compressing common hepatic duct
B. GB carcinoma invading IVC.
C. GB stone causing cholecystitis
D. Pancreatic carcinoma
| GB stone compressing common hepatic duct |
c6bb5942-411e-4ae5-ac78-7e5f51280c62 | Post menopausal bleeding with a visible cervical growth needs a tissue diagnosis, done by a punch biopsy of the lesion. Paps smear is a screening test, done in asymptomatic patients. Colposcopy + biopsy is a diagnostic test, indicated in symptomatic patients, like those with postmenopausal or post coital bleeding, or in asymptomatic patients where paps screening was done and turned out abnormal Endocervical curettage is indicated in patients with suspected endocervical lesion, or if entire transformation zone could not be evaluated at colposcopy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Cervical Carcinoma | A 55 year old lady presenting to OPD with postmenopausal bleeding for 3 months has a 1 x1cm nodule on the anterior lip of cervix, The most appropriate investigation to be done subsequently is
A. Pap smear
B. Punch biopsy
C. Endocervical currettage
D. Colposcopy & biopsy
| Punch biopsy |
66ce128b-90a1-4cfc-b2cd-b2d9f031617c | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tremor o Salmeterol is a beta - 2 agonist taken by inhalational route and a adverse effects are usually not a problem with beta-agonists when given by inhalation. The most common side effects are muscle tremor and palpitations, which are seen more commonly in elderly patients.o There is a small fall in plasma potassium due to increased uptake by skeletal muscle cells, but this effect does not usually cause any clinical problem.Adverse effects of inhalational b2 - agonistso Owing to their b-selectivity and topical delivery (inhalation), adverse effects are not usually a problem with b2 agonists.o At higher doses systemic absorption and side effects occur due to activation of b-adrenergic receptorsThe most common side effects are muscle tremor and palpitationHypokalemia - biochemical pump that shifts potassium into cells is activated by the b2-receptor agonists, i.e. there is increased intracellular uptake of potassium especially in skeletal muscles.Hyperglycemia - Due to b2 mediated gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.Toleranceo Tolerance is a potential problem with b2-agonists.o It is due to down regulation of b2-receptors caused by continous exposure of tissues to b-agonists.o This may cause tachyphylaxis (rapidly developing tolerance). (Note - other drugs showing tachyphylaxis are indirectly acting sympathomimetics, e.g. ephedrine, amphetamine, tyramine).o So, b2 agonists should not be used on any regular schedule - due to tolerance, bronchial hyperactivity not reduced on continous use.o It is advised that patients requiring regular medication should be treated with inhaled steroids and use of b2 agonist inhalers should be restricted to symptomatic relief of on acute attack.Throat irritationAnkle edema7.. Other side effects are anxiety, headache, muscle cramps, dry mouth, arrhythmia, flushing (due to vasodilatation), hypoxemia, MI, disturbance of sleep and behaviour. | Pharmacology | Asthma | Side effect of salmeterol is -
A. Tremor
B. Seizure
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperkalaemia
| Tremor |
79e55e9a-89e2-43ed-a5f5-e2a4b048bf5e | Refer KDT 6/e p 250 Half life of Carbimazole is around 8 hours Where'as propylthiouracil has t1/2 of 2hrs | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | Plasma half life of Carbimazole is
A. 4 hrs
B. 8 hrs
C. 16 hrs
D. 24 hrs
| 8 hrs |
e3cf8671-a308-473a-b7b0-954dae126177 | Prolactin secretion from the pituitary is normally inhibited by hypothalamic inhibitory factors, one of which is dopamine. Histamine also inhibits prolactin secretion, whereas serotonin and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulate its release. Causes of Hyperprolactinemia Lesions obstructing the inhibitory influence from the hypothalamus (e.g. craniopharyngioma, sarcoidosis, surgical ablation) Increased stimulation (elevated TRH in primary hypothyroidism). Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Exogenous sex steroids, phenothiazines, ceain antidepressants, and antihypeensives may also cause hyperprolactinemia. | Medicine | Disorders of pituitary gland | Level of which hormone is likely to increase after hypothalamic ablation?
A. Growth hormone
B. Prolactin
C. FSH
D. ACTH
| Prolactin |
a34a3b84-830c-4c65-861e-eba5d51b20e8 | The secretory rates of CRF, ACTH, and coisol are high in the early morning but low in the late evening. Addison's diseaseresults from an inability of the adrenal coices to produce sufficient adrenocoical hormones. Persons with Addison's disease havediminished secretion of both glucocoicoids (coisol) and mineralocoicoids (aldosterone). Cushing's syndrome- associated with elevated levels of coisol. | Physiology | NEET Jan 2020 | In which of the following conditions would the Coisol level be highest?
A. Addisons disease
B. Normal person after giving dexamethasone
C. Normal person after weakening in morning
D. Late evening
| Normal person after weakening in morning |
46203354-604b-4471-a3c3-9668fbe334be | Answer is A (Iron deficiency anemia) Hypochromic microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron and an increased total iron binding capacity (TIBC) suggests a diagnosis of 'iron deficiency anemia' Parameter Normal index Patient in question Inference Hb Male 14-18 g/dl Female 12-16 g/dl 7.8 g/dl 4, Serum Iron 50-150 lig/di 15 mg/di .1, % Saturation 30-50% ? Serum Ferritin 50-200 !AWL - ? Total iron binding capacity 300-600 ug/dl 420iig/d1 1' HbA2 1.5 to 3.5% of total Hb. 2.4% N HbF <2% of total Hb. 1-3% N Remember: Hypochromic microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron and increased TIBC is iron deficiency anemiae Hypochromic microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron and decreased TIBC is anemia of chronic diseasee Differential diagnosis of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia Parameters Iron deficiency Thalassemia Sideroblastic Chronic Inflammatory Smear Microcytic hypochromic + target cell Microcytic hypochromic Variable Normocytic Se Fe < 30 (,i,) N N ,l, (< 50) TIBC > 360 (T) N N ,l, (< 300) Saturation < 10 4) 1' (30-80) 1' (30-80) 1, (10-20) Ferritin < 15 (4.) 1' (50-300) 1.' (50-300) '1' (30-200) | Medicine | null | A 29 year old woman was found to have a hemoglobin of 7.8 g/dl. with a reticulocyte count of 0.8%. The peripherial blood smear showed microcytic hypochromic anemia, Hemoglobin A2 and hemoglobin F levels were 2.4% and 1.3% respectively. The serum iron and the total iron binding capacity were 15 micro g/dl, and 420 micro g/dl, respectively. The most likely cause of anemia is:
A. Iron deficiency anemia.
B. Beta-thalassemia minor
C. Sideroblastic anemia
D. Anemia due to chronic infection
| Iron deficiency anemia. |
8bb5296e-eb37-4862-a7b1-81ddf0504101 | (C) (Hyaline arteriosclerosis) (495, 96- Robbins 8th) (678- Harshmohan 7th)* Hyaline arteriosclerosis consists of homogenous pink hyaline thickening of the wall of the arterioles with loss of underlying structural detail.* Encountered frequently in elderly patients whether normotensive, or hypertensive hyaline arterioscleroses is more generalized and more severe in patents with hypertensionQ* It is also common in diabetesQ as a part of the characteristic microangiopathy.Pathogenesis* The lesion reflects leakage of plasma components across vascular endothelium and excessive extra cellular matrix production by smooth muscle cells secondary to the chronic hemodynamic stress of hypertension or a metabolic stress in diabetes that accentuates endothelial cell injury.Also knowHyperplastic arteriosclerosis* It is characteristic of malignant hypertensionQ.* There is concentric laminated thickening of arteriolar wall - onion thickening0.* There is mucinous intimal thickening and fibrous intimal thickening.* There may be accompanied fibrinoid deposite with necrosis of the vessel wall - fibrinoid necrosisThe characteristic histological finding in Benign Hypertension is Hyaline arteriosclerosisBenign NephrosclerosisMalignant NephrosclerosisThis term is used do describe the charges in kidney associated with benign phase of hypertensionThis term is used to describe the changes in kidney associated with malignant or accelerated hypertensionGrossGross* Kidney size is normal 0 or may be moderately reduced 0* Kidnev size is variable0 mav be smaller in size0 (when superimposed on benign nephrosclerosis) or Larger in size (enlarged)0 than normal (patents who develop malignant hypertension in pure form* Grain leather appearance0. The cortical surface has a fine even granularity* Flen bitten appearance0The cortical surface may show multiple small peticheal haemorrhages0 from rupture of arterioles or glomerular capillariesMicroscopic (vascular changes & parenchymal (changes)Microscopic (cascular changes & parenchymal changes)* Hvaline Arteriosclerosis0 Narrowing of the lumens of arterioles and small arteries caused by thickening and hyalinization of the walls* Fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles (Necrotizing arteriolitis0)The vessel wall showa fibrinoid necrosis.Represents an acute event and necrosis is usually not accompanied by intense inflammation* Fibroelastic Hyperplasia, In the intima (intimal thickenningQ). duplication of elastic lamina and hypertrophy of the 'media'* Hyperplastic intimal sclerosis /onion - Skinning Concentric laminae of proliferated smooth muscle cells collagen and basement membrane (producing intimal thickening)* Parenchymal chances (due to ischaemic) Variable degree of Atrophy of parenchyma & due to ischaemia* Parenchymal chances (due to ischaemia)Variable degree of atrophy of parenchyma due to ischaemia infarction necrosis distalQ abnormal vessels may be seen* Fibroid necrosis may be seen in- Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)- Aschoff's nodule- Malignant hypertension | Pathology | Blood Vessels | Commonest histological finding in benign hypertension is
A. Proliferative endarteritis
B. Necrotizing arteriolitis
C. Hyaline arteriosclerosis
D. Cystic medial necrosis
| Hyaline arteriosclerosis |
bbd48b06-7fa1-4ae1-85fe-a8bd81379b98 | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bacillus String of pearl reactiono String of pearl reaction is used to differentiate B. anthracis from B. cereus and other aerobic spore forming bacteria,o When B. antharcis is grown on a solid medium containing penicillin, the cells become larger, spherical and occur in chains on the surface of the agar, resembling a string of pearls.Important characteristic feature of B. Anthraciso Gram positiveo Non-motile fall other members of genus Bacillus are motile)o Polypeptide capsuleo "Frosted glass appearance " of cultureo "Invertedfor tree appearance " of cultureo Medusa head colonieso String of pearl's reactiono "Cut glass appearance"o MTadyean's reactiono Selective media - PLET medium | Microbiology | Bacteria | The "String of pearl" colonies on Nutrient agar is produced by -
A. Klebsiella
B. Proteus
C. Bacillus
D. Salmonella
| Bacillus |
928330ea-b123-4d20-a753-3505fffd30e0 | Ans-A Ref: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry,28th edition Explanation: Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen. Glycogen Phosphorylase catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of the (l-4) glycosidic linkages of glycogen, releasing glucose-1- phosphate as the reaction product. Glycogen (n residues)+ Pi - glycogen (n-1 residues) + glucose-1-phosphate Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a derivative of vitamin B6. serves as the prosthetic group for Glycogen Phosphorylase. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is held at the active site with the e-amino group of a lysine residue. | Unknown | null | Pyridoxal phosphate is needed in:
A. Glycogenolysis
B. Fatty acid oxidation
C. Glvcogenesis
D. Gluconeogenesis
| Glycogenolysis |
d5e4169b-17ea-4ff9-903f-2d05695aba76 | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hand washing o As hand contact is the most common mode of transmission, the best preventive measure of nosocomial infection is proper hand hygiene. | Microbiology | Sterilization and Disinfection | Simplest and most effective method to prevent nosocomial infection-
A. Use of antibiotics
B. Use of laminar airflow
C. Use of filters
D. Hand washing
| Hand washing |
437ad51f-eed1-4a0d-a75c-0f9e09f926e7 | D i.e. Hematocrit Hematocrit does not changes with ageQAge related physiological changes | Physiology | null | Which of the following does NOT changes
A. FEVI
B. Glomerular filtration rate
C. Glucose tolerance test
D. Hematocrit
| Hematocrit |
410b0c7a-c75d-4391-a224-7b3290f350b4 | Pudendal Nerve BlockIt is a peripheral nerve block that provides local anesthesia over S2-4 dermatomes (majority of perineum and inferior quaer of vagina)It does not block the superior bih canal so the mother is able to feel the uterine contractions(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.847) | Anaesthesia | All India exam | Pudendal nerve block
A. S1-3
B. S2-4
C. S3-5
D. S4,5
| S2-4 |
6b73cbe5-7a9f-4a26-a021-3abf51c0bf9c | tasks in relation to other children of same age. | Pediatrics | null | IQ (Intelligence quotient) of a child means –
A. The creative effciency of child
B. The capability of the child to perfrom intellectual tasks in relation to other children of same age
C. The efficiency of memory of child
D. Quantification of the learning ability of child
| The capability of the child to perfrom intellectual tasks in relation to other children of same age |
101707b6-c457-45b9-b2cf-29bd5c8bb3b2 | Endometrial ablation technique has high failure rate. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | Which of the following surgical therapies is least effective in treatment of myoma associated with heavy menstrual bleeding
A. Myomectomy
B. Hysteroscopic resection
C. Endometrial ablation
D. Hysterectomy
| Endometrial ablation |
b4760558-30be-4823-984c-bf959cf0178c | Ans. (b) HyperuricemiaRef.-.Harrison's 18/e, ch 333 | Pharmacology | Hypolipidemic | Febuxostat is used for?(DNB 2012-section-1)
A. HyperKalemia
B. Hyperuricemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalemia
| Hyperuricemia |
432282d6-99ca-4fc2-8c8d-7694aa98206c | C i.e. Isoflurane Isoflurane has least & methoxyflurane has highest fluride contentQ. Methoxyflurane causes vasopressin resistant high output renal failure.Q. | Anaesthesia | null | Fluoride content is least:
A. Methoxyflurane
B. Enflurane
C. Isoflurane
D. Sevoflurane
| Isoflurane |
9517cd0b-fb3d-49e9-9c82-034bb79f526e | <p> Leprosy Mode of transmission includes droplet infection,contact transmission,insect bite, breast feeding... Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:317. <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | One of the following diseases has more than one route of transmission -
A. Influenza
B. Leprosy
C. Cholera
D. Typhoid fever
| Leprosy |
b56f7521-5d90-4be7-b368-6e5a1a2be279 | Splenic injury can be a subcapsular hematoma, laceration or hilar injury. It can be associated with other organ injuries It can cause torrential hemorrhage and shock. It is the most common organ injured in blunt injury abdomen (Ref; SRB,s Manual of Surgery,5th edition, pg no. 149) | Surgery | Trauma | Commonest injury in blunt abdominal trauma
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Bladder
D. Spleen
| Spleen |
3ebc8061-9fb2-4801-948a-d9bffc3b5e5e | The occurrence of the psychotic symptoms depends on the dose, the duration of use, and the individual user's sensitivity to the substance. Paranoid delusions are the most frequent psychotic symptoms. Paranoid delusions and hallucinations can occur in up to 50 percent of all persons who use cocaine. Ref: Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical ... By Benjamin J. Sadock, Virginia A. Sadock, 2007, Page 426 | Psychiatry | null | Paranoid psychosis with cocaine is due to:
A. Tolerance
B. Withdrawal
C. Reverse tolerance
D. Intoxication
| Intoxication |
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