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s iders ▁increased ▁foreign ▁trade ▁rapidly . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 3 , ▁the ▁Mar itime ▁Custom s ▁Service ▁was ▁established ▁under ▁the ▁patron age ▁of ▁the ▁Queen ▁Cons ort ▁and ▁the ▁super vision ▁of ▁Sir ▁Robert ▁Hart , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron et ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁The ▁Mar itime ▁Custom s ▁Service ▁admin ister ed ▁the ▁business ▁of ▁foreign ▁trade ▁and ▁collection ▁of ▁tar iffs . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 8 8 3 , ▁the ▁economy ▁was ▁now ▁no ▁longer ▁in ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁mon opol y ▁conducted ▁by ▁Japanese ▁mer ch ants ▁as ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁only ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁ago . ▁The ▁majority ▁was ▁in ▁control ▁by ▁the ▁Kore ans ▁while ▁port ions ▁were ▁distributed ▁between ▁Western ▁nations , ▁Japan ▁and ▁China . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 4 , ▁the ▁first ▁Korean ▁commercial ▁fir ms ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Da ed ong ▁and ▁the ▁Ch ang d ong ▁Company ▁emer ged . ▁The ▁Bureau ▁of ▁M int ▁also ▁produced ▁a ▁new ▁coin ▁called ▁" t ango je on " ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 4 , ▁se cur ing ▁a ▁stable ▁Korean ▁currency ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁Western ▁invest ment ▁began ▁to ▁take ▁hold ▁as ▁well ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁German ▁A . H . ▁Ma et ern s , ▁with ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Department ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁created ▁a ▁new ▁project ▁called ▁" American ▁Farm " ▁on ▁a ▁large ▁plot ▁of ▁land ▁don ated ▁by ▁the ▁Queen |
▁Cons ort ▁to ▁promote ▁modern ▁agricult ure . ▁Farm ▁implements , ▁se eds , ▁and ▁milk ▁c ows ▁were ▁imported ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 8 8 3 , ▁the ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Mach ines ▁was ▁established ▁and ▁steam ▁engines ▁were ▁imported . ▁However , ▁despite ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁Go j ong ▁and ▁his ▁Queen ▁Cons ort ▁brought ▁the ▁Korean ▁economy ▁to ▁an ▁acceptable ▁level ▁to ▁the ▁West , ▁modern ▁manufact uring ▁facilities ▁did ▁not ▁emer ge ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁political ▁inter ruption : ▁the ▁assass ination ▁of ▁the ▁Queen ▁Cons ort . ▁Be ▁that ▁as ▁it ▁may , ▁te legraph ▁lines ▁between ▁Jose on , ▁China , ▁and ▁Japan ▁were ▁laid ▁between ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁and ▁ 1 8 8 5 , ▁facil it ating ▁communication . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁D etailed ▁descri ptions ▁of ▁Min ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁both ▁The ▁National ▁Assembly ▁Library ▁of ▁Korea ▁and ▁records ▁kept ▁by ▁L ili as ▁Under wood , ▁a ▁close ▁and ▁trust ed ▁American ▁friend ▁of ▁Min ▁who ▁came ▁to ▁Korea ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁as ▁a ▁mission ary ▁and ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁her ▁doctor . ▁ ▁Both ▁sources ▁describe ▁the ▁Em press ' ▁appearance , ▁voice , ▁and ▁public ▁manner . ▁She ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁had ▁a ▁soft ▁face ▁with ▁strong ▁features — a ▁classic ▁beauty ▁contrast ing ▁with ▁the ▁king ' s ▁preference ▁for ▁" s ult ry " ▁women . ▁Her ▁personal ▁speaking ▁voice ▁was ▁soft ▁and ▁warm , |
▁but ▁when ▁conduct ing ▁affairs ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁she ▁assert ed ▁her ▁points ▁with ▁strength . ▁Her ▁public ▁manner ▁was ▁formal , ▁and ▁she ▁heavily ▁ad her ed ▁to ▁court ▁et iqu ette ▁and ▁traditional ▁law . ▁Under wood ▁described ▁the ▁Em press ▁in ▁the ▁following : ▁ ▁The ▁young ▁queen ▁cons ort ▁and ▁her ▁husband ▁were ▁in compatible ▁in ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁their ▁marriage . ▁Both ▁found ▁the ▁other ' s ▁ways ▁rep uls ive ; ▁she ▁preferred ▁to ▁stay ▁in ▁her ▁ch amb ers ▁studying , ▁while ▁he ▁enjoyed ▁sp ending ▁his ▁days ▁and ▁night s ▁drink ing ▁and ▁att ending ▁ban qu ets ▁and ▁royal ▁parties . ▁The ▁queen , ▁who ▁was ▁genu in ely ▁concerned ▁with ▁the ▁affairs ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁and ▁imm ers ed ▁herself ▁in ▁philosophy , ▁history , ▁and ▁science ▁books ▁normally ▁reserved ▁for ▁y ang ban ▁men , ▁once ▁remarked ▁to ▁a ▁close ▁friend , ▁" He ▁dis g ust s ▁me ." ▁ ▁Court ▁officials ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁queen ▁cons ort ▁was ▁exclusive ▁in ▁choosing ▁who ▁she ▁associated ▁with ▁and ▁conf ided ▁in . ▁She ▁chose ▁to ▁not ▁consum mate ▁her ▁marriage ▁on ▁her ▁wed ding ▁night ▁as ▁court ▁tradition ▁dict ated ▁her ▁to , ▁but ▁later ▁had ▁immense ▁difficulty ▁in ▁conce iving ▁a ▁health y ▁he ir . ▁Her ▁first ▁pre gn ancy ▁five ▁years ▁after ▁marriage ▁ended ▁in ▁desp air ▁and ▁hum ili ation ▁when ▁her ▁infant ▁son ▁died ▁shortly ▁after ▁birth . ▁Her ▁second ▁son , ▁Sun j ong , |
▁was ▁never ▁a ▁health y ▁child , ▁often ▁catch ing ▁ill ness es ▁and ▁con val es cing ▁in ▁bed ▁for ▁weeks . ▁While ▁Min ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁truly ▁connect ▁with ▁Go j ong ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁years , ▁tri als ▁during ▁their ▁later ▁marriage ▁brought ▁them ▁together . ▁ ▁Later ▁years ▁ ▁Both ▁the ▁Go j ong ▁and ▁his ▁Queen ▁began ▁to ▁grow ▁aff e ctions ▁for ▁each ▁other ▁during ▁their ▁later ▁years . ▁Go j ong ▁was ▁press ured ▁by ▁his ▁advis ers ▁to ▁take ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁government ▁and ▁admin ister ▁his ▁nation . ▁However , ▁one ▁has ▁to ▁remember ▁that ▁Go j ong ▁was ▁not ▁chosen ▁to ▁become ▁King ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁ac umen ▁( which ▁he ▁lack ed ▁because ▁he ▁was ▁never ▁formally ▁educated ) ▁or ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁blood line ▁( which ▁was ▁mixed ▁with ▁cour tes an ▁and ▁common ▁blood ), ▁but ▁because ▁the ▁P ung y ang ▁Jo ▁cl an ▁had ▁f als ely ▁assumed ▁they ▁could ▁control ▁the ▁boy ▁through ▁his ▁father . ▁When ▁it ▁was ▁actually ▁time ▁for ▁Go j ong ▁to ▁assume ▁his ▁respons ib ilities ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁he ▁often ▁needed ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁his ▁wife ▁to ▁conduct ▁international ▁and ▁domestic ▁affairs . ▁In ▁this , ▁Go j ong ▁grew ▁an ▁adm iration ▁for ▁his ▁wife ' s ▁wit , ▁intelligence , ▁and ▁ability ▁to ▁learn ▁quickly . ▁As ▁the ▁problems ▁of ▁the ▁kingdom ▁grew ▁bigger ▁and ▁bigger , ▁Go j ong ▁re lied ▁even ▁more ▁on ▁his ▁wife , |
▁she ▁becoming ▁his ▁rock ▁during ▁times ▁of ▁fr ustration . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁years ▁of ▁modern ization ▁of ▁Jose on , ▁it ▁is ▁safe ▁to ▁assume ▁that ▁Go j ong ▁was ▁finally ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁his ▁wife . ▁They ▁began ▁to ▁spend ▁much ▁time ▁with ▁each ▁other , ▁priv ately ▁and ▁officially . ▁They ▁shared ▁each ▁other ' s ▁problems , ▁celebrated ▁each ▁other ' s ▁jo ys , ▁and ▁felt ▁each ▁other ' s ▁p ains . ▁They ▁finally ▁became ▁husband ▁and ▁wife . ▁ ▁His ▁affection ▁for ▁her ▁was ▁und ying , ▁and ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁noted ▁that ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁Queen ▁Cons ort , ▁Go j ong ▁locked ▁himself ▁up ▁in ▁his ▁ch amb ers ▁for ▁several ▁weeks , ▁ref using ▁to ▁assume ▁his ▁duties . ▁When ▁he ▁finally ▁did , ▁he ▁lost ▁the ▁will ▁to ▁even ▁try ▁and ▁signed ▁treat y ▁after ▁treat y ▁that ▁was ▁proposed ▁by ▁the ▁Japanese , ▁giving ▁the ▁Japanese ▁immense ▁power . ▁When ▁his ▁father ▁reg ained ▁political ▁power ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁daughter - in - law , ▁he ▁presented ▁a ▁proposal ▁with ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁certain ▁Japanese ▁officials ▁to ▁lower ▁his ▁daughter - in - law ' s ▁status ▁as ▁Queen ▁Cons ort ▁all ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁common er ▁post hum ously . ▁Go j ong , ▁a ▁man ▁who ▁had ▁always ▁been ▁used ▁by ▁others ▁and ▁never ▁used ▁his ▁own ▁voice ▁for ▁his ▁own ▁causes , ▁was ▁noted ▁by ▁sch ol ars ▁as ▁having ▁said , ▁" I |
▁would ▁rather ▁sl it ▁my ▁w rist s ▁and ▁let ▁them ▁ble ed ▁than ▁dis gra ce ▁the ▁woman ▁who ▁saved ▁this ▁kingdom ." ▁In ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁def iance , ▁he ▁refused ▁to ▁sign ▁his ▁father ' s ▁and ▁the ▁Japanese ▁proposal , ▁and ▁turned ▁them ▁away . ▁ ▁Ass ass ination ▁ ▁The ▁Em press ' ▁assass ination , ▁known ▁in ▁Korea ▁as ▁the ▁E ul mi ▁Inc ident ▁( 을 미 사 변 , ▁ <0xE4> <0xB9> <0x99> 未 事 <0xE8> <0xAE> <0x8A> ), ▁occurred ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁hours ▁of ▁ 8 ▁October ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁at ▁Ok ho - ru ▁( 옥 호 루 , ▁ 玉 <0xE5> <0xA3> <0xBA> <0xE6> <0xA8> <0x93> ) ▁in ▁the ▁Ge on che ong g ung ▁( 건 청 궁 , ▁ <0xE4> <0xB9> <0xBE> <0xE6> <0xB7> <0xB8> 宮 ), ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁rear ▁private ▁royal ▁residence ▁inside ▁G ye ong b ok g ung ▁Palace . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁hours ▁of ▁ 8 ▁October , ▁Japanese ▁agents ▁under ▁Mi ura ▁G oro ▁carried ▁out ▁the ▁assass ination . ▁Mi ura ▁had ▁orch estr ated ▁this ▁incident ▁with ▁Ok am oto ▁Ry ū nos u ke ▁( 岡 本 <0xE6> <0x9F> <0xB3> 之 助 ), ▁Sug im ura ▁F uk ashi ▁( <0xE6> <0x9D> <0x89> 村 ▁ <0xE6> <0xBF> <0xAC> ), ▁K unit omo ▁Sh ige aki ▁( 國 友 重 章 ), ▁S ase ▁K um at ets u ▁( 佐 <0xE7> <0x80> <0xA8> <0xE7> <0x86> <0x8A> <0xE9> <0x90> |
<0xB5> ), ▁Nak am ura ▁T ate o ▁( 中 村 <0xE6> <0xA5> <0xAF> 雄 ), ▁Hi ray ama ▁I w ah iko ▁( 平 山 岩 彦 ), ▁and ▁over ▁fifty ▁other ▁Japanese ▁men . ▁Sa id ▁to ▁have ▁collabor ated ▁in ▁this ▁were ▁the ▁pro - J apan ese ▁officers ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁W oo ▁Be om - se on ▁( 우 범 선 , ▁ <0xE7> <0xA6> <0xB9> <0xE7> <0xAF> <0x84> <0xE5> <0x96> <0x84> ) ▁and ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Y i ▁Du - hw ang ▁( 이 두 황 , ▁ 李 <0xE6> <0x96> <0x97> <0xE7> <0x92> <0x9C> ) ▁both ▁batt alion ▁command ers ▁in ▁the ▁" H ul ly e ond ae ," ▁a ▁Japanese ▁trained ▁Regiment ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Gu ards . ▁The ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁Korean ▁soldiers ▁of ▁the ▁H ul ly e ond ae , ▁led ▁by ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁W oo ▁Be om - se on ▁and ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Y i ▁Du - hw ang ▁had ▁surrounded ▁and ▁opened ▁the ▁gates ▁of ▁the ▁palace , ▁allowing ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁Japanese ▁r on in ▁to ▁enter ▁the ▁inner ▁san ct um . ▁ ▁In ▁front ▁of ▁G w ang hw am un , ▁the ▁H ul ly e ond ae ▁soldiers ▁led ▁by ▁W oo ▁Be om - se on ▁batt led ▁the ▁Korean ▁Royal ▁Gu ards ▁led ▁by ▁Hong ▁G ye - h un ▁( 홍 계 훈 , ▁ <0xE6> <0xB4> <0xAA> <0xE5> <0x95> <0x93> <0xE8> <0x96> <0xB0> ) ▁and ▁An ▁G ye ong |
- su ▁( 안 경 수 , ▁ 安 <0xE9> <0xA7> <0x89> <0xE5> <0xA3> <0xBD> ). ▁Hong ▁G ye - h un ▁and ▁Minister ▁Y i ▁G ye ong - j ik ▁( 이 경 직 , ▁ 李 <0xE8> <0x80> <0x95> <0xE7> <0xA8> <0x99> ) ▁were ▁subsequently ▁killed ▁in ▁battle , ▁allowing ▁the ▁r on in ▁assass ins ▁to ▁proceed ▁to ▁Ok hor u ▁( 옥 호 루 , ▁ 玉 <0xE5> <0xA3> <0xBA> <0xE6> <0xA8> <0x93> ), ▁within ▁Ge on che ong g ung , ▁and ▁kill ▁the ▁Em press . ▁The ▁cor pse ▁of ▁the ▁Em press ▁was ▁then ▁burn ed ▁and ▁buried . ▁ ▁Histor ian ▁of ▁Japan ▁Peter ▁Du us ▁has ▁called ▁this ▁assass ination ▁a ▁" hide ous ▁event , ▁cr ud ely ▁conce ived ▁and ▁brut ally ▁executed ." ▁Donald ▁Ke ene , ▁who ▁calls ▁the ▁queen ▁" an ▁ar rog ant ▁and ▁cor rupt ▁woman ", ▁says ▁that ▁the ▁way ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁was ▁murder ed ▁was ▁non eth eless ▁" un spe ak ably ▁bar bar ic ." ▁ ▁Go j ong ' s ▁The ▁Ver itable ▁Records ▁of ▁the ▁Jose on ▁D ynast y ▁do ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁Japanese ▁name . ▁The ▁names ▁written ▁are : ▁Je ong ▁Z un ▁( 2 nd ▁Battalion ▁Officer ), ▁Lee ▁Do o ▁( 1 st ▁Battalion ▁Officer ), ▁Lee ▁Ch ung ▁( S en ior ▁ 2 nd ▁Battalion ), ▁Lee ▁Ch un ▁( De put y ▁Commander ) ▁, ▁G ong ▁Yu ▁Z hen ▁( |
at ▁that ▁time ▁police ▁officer ). ▁ ▁An ▁eye - w it ness ▁account ▁ ▁Crown ▁Prince ▁Sun j ong ▁reported ▁that ▁he ▁saw ▁Korean ▁troops ▁led ▁by ▁W oo ▁Be om - se on ▁at ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁assass ination , ▁and ▁accused ▁W oo ▁as ▁the ▁" F oe ▁of ▁Mother ". ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁his ▁accus ation , ▁Sun j ong ▁sent ▁two ▁assass ins ▁to ▁kill ▁W oo , ▁an ▁effort ▁that ▁succeeded ▁in ▁H iro sh ima , ▁Japan , ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 . ▁By ▁then , ▁W oo ▁had ▁married ▁a ▁Japanese ▁woman , ▁and ▁had ▁s ired ▁W oo ▁J ang - cho on ▁( <0xE7> <0xA6> <0xB9> 長 春 ▁ 우 장 춘 ), ▁later ▁to ▁become ▁an ▁acc laimed ▁botan ist ▁and ▁agricult ural ▁scient ist . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁professor ▁Kim ▁Re k ho ▁( 김 려 춘 ; ▁ 金 <0xE9> <0xBA> <0x97> 春 ) ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁came ▁across ▁a ▁written ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁incident ▁by ▁a ▁Russian ▁architect ▁Af an asy ▁Ser ed in - S ab atin ▁( А фа на си й ▁Иван ович ▁Сере дин - Са ба тин ) ▁in ▁the ▁Archive ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Policy ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Empire ▁( Ар хи в ▁вне ш ней ▁поли тики ▁Российской ▁импе рии ; ▁AV PRI ). ▁Ser ed in - S ab atin ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁Korean ▁government , ▁working ▁with ▁the |
▁American ▁general ▁William ▁Mc Ent y re ▁D ye ▁who ▁was ▁also ▁under ▁contract ▁to ▁the ▁Korean ▁government . ▁In ▁April , ▁Kim ▁made ▁a ▁request ▁to ▁the ▁My ong ji ▁University ▁( 명 지 대 학 교 ; ▁ 明 知 大 學 校 ) ▁Library ▁L G ▁Collection ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁document ▁public . ▁On ▁ 1 1 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁the ▁document ▁was ▁made ▁public . ▁ ▁Al most ▁five ▁years ▁before ▁the ▁document ' s ▁release ▁in ▁South ▁Korea , ▁a ▁translated ▁copy ▁was ▁in ▁circul ation ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁having ▁been ▁released ▁by ▁the ▁Center ▁for ▁Korean ▁Research ▁of ▁Columbia ▁University ▁on ▁ 6 ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁comm emor ate ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁E ul mi ▁Inc ident . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁account , ▁Ser ed in - S ab atin ▁recorded : ▁ ▁In vol ved ▁parties ▁In ▁Japan , ▁ 5 6 ▁men ▁were ▁charged . ▁All ▁were ▁acqu itted ▁by ▁the ▁H iro sh ima ▁court ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁evidence . ▁ ▁They ▁included ▁ ▁Vis count ▁Mi ura ▁Gor ō , ▁Japanese ▁leg ation ▁minister . ▁ ▁Ok am oto ▁Ry ū nos u ke ▁( 岡 本 <0xE6> <0x9F> <0xB3> 之 助 ), ▁a ▁leg ation ▁official ▁and ▁former ▁Japanese ▁Army ▁officer ▁ ▁H oz umi ▁Tor ak ur ō , ▁K ok ub un ▁Sh ō tar ō , ▁H ag iw ara ▁Sh |
u ji ro , ▁Japanese ▁leg ation ▁officials ▁ ▁Sug im ura ▁F uk ashi ▁( <0xE6> <0x9D> <0x89> 村 ▁ <0xE6> <0xBF> <0xAC> ), ▁a ▁second ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁leg ation ▁ ▁Ad achi ▁Ken zo , ▁editor ▁of ▁Japanese ▁newspaper ▁in ▁Korea , ▁Kan j ō ▁Sh imp ō ▁( 漢 城 新 報 , ▁also ▁called ▁Han se ong ▁Shin bo ▁in ▁Korean ) ▁ ▁K us un ose ▁Y uki h iko , ▁a ▁general ▁of ▁Imperial ▁Japanese ▁Army ▁ ▁K unit omo ▁Sh ige aki ▁( 國 友 重 章 ), ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁Se ik y ō sha ▁( So ci ety ▁for ▁Political ▁Education ) ▁members ▁ ▁Sh iba ▁Sh ir ō ▁( <0xE6> <0x9F> <0xB4> 四 <0xE6> <0x9C> <0x97> ), ▁private ▁secretary ▁to ▁the ▁Minister ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Com merce ▁of ▁Japan , ▁and ▁writer ▁who ▁studied ▁political ▁economy ▁at ▁the ▁Wh art on ▁School ▁and ▁Harvard ▁University ▁ ▁S ase ▁K um at ets u ▁( 佐 <0xE7> <0x80> <0xA8> <0xE7> <0x86> <0x8A> <0xE9> <0x90> <0xB5> ), ▁a ▁phys ician ▁ ▁Ter as aki ▁Y as uk ichi ▁( 寺 崎 泰 吉 ), ▁a ▁medicine ▁ped d ler ▁ ▁Nak am ura ▁T ate o ▁( 中 村 <0xE6> <0xA5> <0xAF> 雄 ) ▁ ▁Hor ig uch i ▁K uma ichi ▁( <0xE5> <0xA0> <0x80> 口 ▁ 九 <0xE8> <0x90> <0xAC> 一 ) ▁ ▁I ei ri ▁K ak its u ▁( 家 入 嘉 吉 ) ▁ ▁K ik |
uch i ▁Ken j ō ▁( <0xE8> <0x8F> <0x8A> 池 ▁ <0xE8> <0xAC> <0x99> <0xE8> <0xAE> <0x93> ) ▁ ▁Hi ray ama ▁I w ah iko ▁( 平 山 岩 彦 ) ▁ ▁O gi h ara ▁H ide ji ro ▁( <0xE8> <0x8D> <0xBB> 原 秀 次 郎 ) ▁ ▁Kob ay ak awa ▁H ideo ▁( 小 <0xE6> <0x97> <0xA9> 川 秀 雄 ), ▁editor ▁in ▁chief ▁of ▁Kan j ō ▁Sh imp ō ▁ ▁S as aki ▁Mas ay uki ▁ ▁Is u ju ka ▁E ij oh ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁In ▁Korea , ▁King ▁Go j ong ▁declared ▁that ▁the ▁following ▁were ▁the ▁E ul mi ▁Four ▁Tra itors ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁February ▁ 1 8 9 6 : ▁ ▁Jo ▁H ui - ye on ▁( <0xE8> <0xB6> <0x99> <0xE7> <0xBE> <0xB2> <0xE6> <0xB7> <0xB5> ▁ 조 희 연 ) ▁ ▁Y oo ▁Gil - jo on ▁( <0xE5> <0x85> <0xAA> 吉 <0xE6> <0xBF> <0xAC> ▁ 유 길 준 ) ▁ ▁Kim ▁Hong - j ip ▁( 金 弘 集 ▁ 김 홍 집 ) ▁ ▁Je ong ▁By e ong - ha ▁( <0xE9> <0x84> <0xAD> <0xE7> <0xA7> <0x89> 夏 ▁ 정 병 하 ) ▁ ▁After math ▁The ▁Gab o ▁Reform ▁and ▁the ▁assass ination ▁of ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong ▁generated ▁back l ash ▁against ▁Japanese ▁presence ▁in ▁Korea ; ▁it ▁caused ▁some ▁Conf u cian ▁sch ol ars , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁far mers , ▁to ▁form ▁over ▁ 6 |
0 ▁success ive ▁r igh te ous ▁arm ies ▁to ▁fight ▁for ▁Korean ▁freedom ▁on ▁the ▁Korean ▁pen ins ula . ▁The ▁assass ination ▁is ▁also ▁cred ited ▁as ▁a ▁significant ▁event ▁in ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁Sy ng man ▁R he e , ▁the ▁future ▁first ▁president ▁of ▁South ▁Korea . ▁ ▁The ▁assass ination ▁of ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong , ▁and ▁the ▁subsequent ▁back l ash , ▁played ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁assass ination ▁of ▁influ ential ▁states man ▁and ▁Prince ▁It ō ▁H iro bum i . ▁It ō ▁H iro bum i ▁was ▁a ▁four - time ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁Japan , ▁former ▁Res ident - General ▁of ▁Korea , ▁and ▁then ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁of ▁Japan . ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong ' s ▁assass ination ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁ 1 5 ▁reasons ▁given ▁by ▁the ▁Korean - in dep end ence ▁assass in ▁An ▁Jung - ge un , ▁who ▁is ▁regarded ▁as ▁a ▁hero ▁in ▁Korea , ▁in ▁defense ▁of ▁his ▁actions . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁assass ination , ▁King ▁Go j ong ▁and ▁the ▁Crown ▁Prince ▁( l ater ▁Emperor ▁Sun j ong ) ▁fled ▁for ▁refuge ▁to ▁the ▁Russian ▁leg ation ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁February ▁ 1 8 9 6 . ▁Also , ▁Go j ong ▁declared ▁the ▁E ul mi ▁Four ▁Tra itors . ▁However , ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 7 , ▁Go j ong , ▁yield ing ▁to ▁rising ▁pressure ▁from ▁both |
▁over se as ▁and ▁the ▁dem ands ▁of ▁the ▁Independ ence ▁Association - led ▁public ▁opinion , ▁returned ▁to ▁G ye ong ung ung ▁( mod ern - day ▁De oks ug ung ). ▁There , ▁he ▁proc laimed ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁the ▁Korean ▁Empire . ▁However , ▁after ▁Japan ' s ▁vict ories ▁in ▁the ▁S ino - J apan ese ▁and ▁Rus so - J apan ese ▁Wars , ▁Korea ▁succ um bed ▁to ▁Japanese ▁colonial ▁rule ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 . ▁ ▁Fun eral ▁process ion ▁and ▁tomb ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 7 , ▁King ▁Go j ong , ▁with ▁Russian ▁support , ▁reg ained ▁his ▁throne , ▁and ▁spent ▁" a ▁fortune " ▁to ▁have ▁his ▁bel oved ▁Queen ▁Min ' s ▁remains ▁properly ▁hon ored ▁and ▁ent om bed . ▁Her ▁m our ning ▁process ion ▁included ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁soldiers , ▁ 6 5 0 ▁police , ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁lan tern s , ▁hundreds ▁of ▁scroll s ▁hon oring ▁her , ▁and ▁giant ▁wooden ▁horses ▁intended ▁for ▁her ▁use ▁in ▁the ▁after life . ▁The ▁hon ors ▁King ▁Go j ong ▁placed ▁on ▁Queen ▁Min ▁for ▁her ▁fun eral ▁was ▁meant ▁as ▁a ▁statement ▁to ▁her ▁diplom atic ▁and ▁hero ic ▁endeav ors ▁for ▁Korea ▁against ▁the ▁Japanese , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁statement ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁und ying ▁love ▁for ▁her . ▁Queen ▁Min ' s ▁recovered ▁remains ▁are ▁in ▁her ▁tomb ▁located ▁in ▁Nam |
y ang ju , ▁G ye ong gi , ▁South ▁Korea . ▁ ▁Current ▁events ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 8 4 - year - old ▁T ats umi ▁K aw ano ▁( 川 野 ▁ 龍 <0xE5> <0xB7> <0xB3> ), ▁the ▁grand son ▁of ▁K unit omo ▁Sh ige aki , ▁paid ▁his ▁respect s ▁to ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong ▁at ▁her ▁tomb ▁in ▁Nam y ang ju , ▁G ye ong gi , ▁South ▁Korea . ▁He ▁apolog ized ▁to ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong ' s ▁tomb ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁his ▁grand father , ▁however , ▁the ▁ap ology ▁was ▁not ▁well ▁received ▁as ▁the ▁descend ants ▁of ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁the ▁ap ology ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁made ▁on ▁a ▁government al ▁level . ▁ ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Korean ▁organizations ▁have ▁been ▁trying ▁to ▁sue ▁the ▁Japanese ▁government ▁for ▁their ▁documented ▁comp licity ▁in ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Queen ▁Min . ▁" J apan ▁has ▁not ▁made ▁an ▁official ▁ap ology ▁or ▁rep ent ance ▁ 1 0 0 ▁years ▁after ▁it ▁ob liter ated ▁the ▁Korean ▁people ▁for ▁ 3 5 ▁years ▁through ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁Korea - J apan ▁Anne x ation ▁Tre aty ," ▁the ▁statement ▁said . ▁The ▁law suit ▁will ▁be ▁file d ▁if ▁the ▁Japanese ▁government ▁does ▁not ▁accept ▁their ▁dem ands ▁that ▁the ▁Japanese ▁government ▁issue ▁a ▁special ▁statement ▁on |
▁ 1 5 ▁August ▁offering ▁the ▁em peror ' s ▁ap ology ▁and ▁mention ing ▁whether ▁it ▁will ▁release ▁related ▁documents ▁on ▁the ▁murder ▁case . ▁ ▁Family ▁ ▁Great - Gre at - Gre at - Gre at - Gr and father ▁ ▁Min ▁G w ang - h un ▁( H ang ul : ▁ 민 광 훈 , ▁Han ja : ▁ <0xE9> <0x96> <0x94> 光 <0xE5> <0x8B> <0xB3> ) ▁( 1 5 9 5 – 1 6 5 9 ), ▁scholar ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁King ▁In j ong . ▁ ▁Great - Gre at - Gre at - Gre at - Gr and m other ▁ ▁Lady ▁Y i ▁( 이 씨 , ▁ 李 氏 ), ▁daughter ▁of ▁Y i ▁G w ang - je ong ▁( 이 광 정 , ▁ 李 光 <0xE5> <0xBA> <0xAD> ). ▁ ▁Great - Gre at - Gre at - Gre at - Gr and father ▁ ▁Min ▁Yu - j ung ▁( 민 유 중 , ▁ <0xE9> <0x96> <0x94> <0xE7> <0xB6> <0xAD> 重 ) ▁( 1 6 3 0 – 1 6 8 7 ). ▁ ▁Great - Gre at - Gre at - Gre at - Gr and m other ▁ ▁Lady ▁Song ▁( 송 씨 , ▁ <0xE5> <0xAE> <0x8B> 氏 ); ▁Min ▁Yu - j ung ' s ▁second ▁wife ; ▁daughter ▁of ▁Song ▁Jun - g il ▁( 송 준 길 , ▁ <0xE5> <0xAE> <0x8B> <0xE4> <0xBF> <0x8A> 吉 ), ▁Ye ong u |
ije ong ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁King ▁Hy oj ong . ▁ ▁Great - Gre at - Gre at - Gr and father ▁ ▁Min ▁Jin - hu ▁( 민 진 후 , ▁ <0xE9> <0x96> <0x94> <0xE9> <0x8E> <0xAD> <0xE5> <0x8E> <0x9A> ) ▁( 1 6 5 9 – 1 7 2 0 ), ▁el dest ▁brother ▁of ▁Queen ▁In h ye on ▁( second ▁cons ort ▁of ▁King ▁Su k j ong ). ▁ ▁Great - Gre at - Gr and father ▁ ▁Min ▁I k - su ▁( 민 익 수 , ▁ <0xE9> <0x96> <0x94> <0xE6> <0xB5> <0xB8> <0xE6> <0xB2> <0x92> ) ▁( 1 6 9 0 – 1 7 4 2 ). ▁ ▁Great - Gr and father ▁ ▁Min ▁Ba ek - b un ▁( 민 백 분 , ▁ <0xE9> <0x96> <0x94> 百 <0xE5> <0xA5> <0xAE> ) ▁( 1 7 2 3 – ? ). ▁ ▁Grand father ▁ ▁Min ▁Gi - h ye on ▁( 민 기 현 , ▁ <0xE9> <0x96> <0x94> <0xE8> <0x80> <0x86> <0xE9> <0xA1> <0xAF> ) ▁( 1 7 5 1 – 1 8 1 1 ). ▁ ▁Father ▁ ▁Min ▁Chi - rok ▁( 민 치 록 , ▁ <0xE9> <0x96> <0x94> <0xE8> <0x87> <0xB4> <0xE7> <0xA5> <0xBF> ) ▁( 1 7 9 9 – 1 8 5 8 ). ▁ ▁Mother ▁ ▁Lady ▁Han ch ang ▁of ▁Y i ▁cl an ▁( 한 창 부 ▁ 부 인 ▁ 이 씨 ) ▁( 본 관 : ▁ 한 산 |
▁ 이 씨 , ▁ 이 규 년 의 ▁ 딸 ), ▁Min ▁Chi - rok ' s ▁second ▁wife . ▁ ▁Hus band ▁ ▁King ▁Go j ong ▁( l ater ▁Emperor ▁Go j ong ). ▁ ▁S ons ▁ ▁Un named ▁son ▁( born ▁ 1 8 7 1 ). ▁ ▁Emperor ▁Sun j ong ▁( 2 5 ▁March ▁ 1 8 7 4 – ▁ 2 4 ▁April ▁ 1 9 2 6 ). ▁ ▁Un named ▁son ▁( born ▁ 1 8 7 5 ). ▁ ▁Un named ▁son ▁( born ▁ 1 8 7 8 ). ▁ ▁D augh ter ▁ ▁Un named ▁daughter ▁( born ▁ 1 8 7 3 ). ▁ ▁Tit les ▁ ▁Through out ▁her ▁life , ▁Queen ▁Min ▁held ▁several ▁titles : ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁y ang ban ▁arist ocracy , ▁as ▁Queen ▁Cons ort , ▁and ▁as ▁reg ent ▁of ▁Korea . ▁More ▁titles ▁were ▁granted ▁to ▁her ▁post hum ously ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁Korean ▁Empire . ▁This ▁includes ▁the ▁name ▁by ▁which ▁she ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁by ▁today , ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong . ▁▁▁ 1 9 ▁October ▁ 1 8 5 1 – ▁ 2 0 ▁March ▁ 1 8 6 6 : ▁Lady ▁Min , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Min ▁Chi - rok , ▁of ▁the ▁Ye o he ung ▁Min ▁cl an ▁ ▁" L ady ▁Min " ▁ ▁" The ▁daughter ▁of ▁Min ▁Chi - rok " ▁▁ |
2 0 ▁March ▁ 1 8 6 6 – ▁ 1 ▁November ▁ 1 8 7 3 : ▁Her ▁Majesty , ▁the ▁Queen ▁Cons ort ▁of ▁Jose on ▁▁ 1 ▁November ▁ 1 8 7 3 – ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 1 8 9 4 : ▁Her ▁Majesty , ▁the ▁Queen ▁Reg ent ▁of ▁Jose on ▁▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 1 8 9 4 – ▁ 6 ▁July ▁ 1 8 9 5 : ▁Her ▁Majesty , ▁the ▁Queen ▁Cons ort ▁of ▁Jose on ▁▁ 6 ▁July ▁ 1 8 9 5 – ▁ 8 ▁October ▁ 1 8 9 5 : ▁Her ▁Majesty , ▁the ▁Queen ▁Reg ent ▁of ▁Jose on ▁( The ▁above ▁four ▁titles ▁and ▁styles ▁were ▁ 王 <0xE5> <0xA6> <0x83> <0xE6> <0xAE> <0xBF> 下 ▁ 왕 비 전 하 ▁w ang bi ▁je on ha ▁/ ▁ 中 <0xE6> <0xAE> <0xBF> <0xE5> <0xAA> <0xBD> <0xE5> <0xAA> <0xBD> ▁ 중 전 마 마 ▁j ung je on ▁m ama ▁/ ▁ 中 宮 <0xE6> <0xAE> <0xBF> <0xE5> <0xAA> <0xBD> <0xE5> <0xAA> <0xBD> ▁ 중 궁 전 마 마 ▁j ung g ung je on ▁m ama ▁applicable .) ▁ ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong ▁of ▁Korea ▁( post hum ous ▁title ) ▁ ▁Phot ograph s ▁and ▁illustr ations ▁ ▁Document s ▁note ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁in ▁an ▁official ▁royal ▁family ▁photograph . ▁A ▁royal ▁family ▁photograph ▁does ▁exist , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁taken ▁after ▁her ▁death , ▁consisting ▁of ▁Go j ong |
, ▁Sun j ong , ▁and ▁Sun j ong ' s ▁wife ▁the ▁Princess ▁Cons ort ▁of ▁the ▁Crown ▁Prince . ▁ ▁Another ▁photograph ▁surfaces ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁report ▁by ▁K BS ▁News ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁that ▁a ▁photograph ▁alleg edly ▁of ▁the ▁Em press ▁had ▁been ▁dis closed ▁to ▁the ▁public . ▁The ▁photograph ▁was ▁supposed ly ▁purchased ▁for ▁a ▁large ▁sum ▁by ▁the ▁grand father ▁of ▁Min ▁So o - gy e ong ▁that ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁passed ▁down ▁as ▁a ▁family ▁tre asure . ▁In ▁the ▁photo , ▁the ▁woman ▁is ▁accompanied ▁by ▁a ▁ret inue ▁at ▁her ▁rear . ▁Some ▁exper ts ▁have ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁woman ▁was ▁clearly ▁of ▁high - rank ▁and ▁her ▁cl othing ▁appears ▁to ▁be ▁that ▁that ▁is ▁worn ▁only ▁by ▁the ▁royal ▁family . ▁However , ▁her ▁out fit ▁lack ed ▁the ▁emb roid eries ▁that ▁decor ates ▁the ▁app arel ▁of ▁the ▁em press . ▁ ▁Japanese ▁illustr ation ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁history ▁professor ▁Lee ▁T ae - jin ▁( 이 태 진 , ▁ 李 泰 <0xE9> <0x8E> <0xAD> ) ▁of ▁Se oul ▁National ▁University ▁un ve iled ▁an ▁illustr ation ▁from ▁an ▁old ▁Japanese ▁magazine ▁he ▁had ▁found ▁at ▁an ▁ant ique ▁book store ▁in ▁Tokyo . ▁The ▁ 8 4 th ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁magazine ▁F ū z ok ug ah ō ▁( 風 <0xE4> <0xBF> <0x97> <0xE7> <0x95> <0xAB> 報 ) ▁published ▁on ▁ 2 5 |
▁January ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁has ▁a ▁Japanese ▁illustr ation ▁of ▁Go j ong ▁and ▁the ▁then - Que en ▁Cons ort ▁receiving ▁In ou e ▁Ka oru , ▁the ▁Japanese ▁charg é ▁d ' aff aires . ▁The ▁illustr ation ▁is ▁marked ▁ 2 4 ▁December ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁and ▁signed ▁by ▁the ▁artist ▁I sh iz uka ▁( 石 <0xE5> <0xA1> <0x9A> ) ▁with ▁a ▁legend ▁" The ▁[ K ore an ] ▁King ▁and ▁Queen , ▁moved ▁by ▁our ▁honest ▁advice , ▁realize ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁resol ute ▁reform ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ." ▁Lee ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁dep iction ▁of ▁the ▁clothes ▁and ▁background ▁are ▁very ▁detailed ▁and ▁suggests ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁drawn ▁at ▁the ▁scene ▁as ▁it ▁happened . ▁Both ▁the ▁King ▁and ▁In ou e ▁were ▁looking ▁at ▁the ▁then - Que en ▁Cons ort ▁as ▁though ▁the ▁conversation ▁were ▁taking ▁place ▁between ▁the ▁Queen ▁and ▁In ou e ▁with ▁the ▁King ▁listening . ▁ ▁In ▁popular ▁culture ▁ ▁Film ▁and ▁television ▁ ▁Port rayed ▁by ▁Moon ▁Ge un - you ng , ▁Lee ▁Mi - ye on ▁and ▁Ch oi ▁My ung - g il ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 0 2 ▁K BS 2 ▁TV ▁series ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong . ▁ ▁Port rayed ▁by ▁So o ▁A e ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁film ▁The ▁S word ▁With ▁No ▁Name . ▁ ▁Port rayed ▁by ▁Se o ▁Y i - so |
ok ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁S BS ▁TV ▁series ▁Je j ung won . ▁ ▁Port rayed ▁by ▁Ha ▁Ji - e un ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁K BS 2 ▁TV ▁series ▁Gun man ▁in ▁Jose on . ▁ ▁Musical s ▁ ▁The ▁Last ▁Em press ▁( mus ical ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong ▁( TV ▁drama ) ▁ ▁The ▁Last ▁Em press ▁( Mus ical ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Korea - related ▁topics ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁Korea ▁ ▁Jose on ▁D ynast y ▁ ▁He ung se on ▁Da ew ong un ▁ ▁Emperor ▁Go j ong ▁of ▁the ▁Korean ▁Empire ▁ ▁Korea ▁royal ▁refuge ▁at ▁the ▁Russian ▁leg ation ▁ ▁Af an asy ▁Ivan ov ich ▁Ser ed in - S ab atin ▁ ▁Queen ▁In h ye on – ▁My e ong se ong ' s ▁asc endant ▁through ▁his ▁father ▁( Min ▁Chi - rok ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Bird , ▁Isabel la . ▁( 1 8 9 8 ). ▁Korea ▁and ▁her ▁Ne igh b ours . ▁London : ▁Murray . ▁OCLC ▁ 5 0 1 6 7 1 0 6 3 . ▁Re print ed ▁ 1 9 8 7 : ▁; ▁OCLC ▁ 1 5 1 0 9 8 4 3 ▁ ▁De ch ler , ▁Mart ina . ▁( 1 9 9 9 ). ▁Culture ▁and ▁the ▁State ▁in ▁Late ▁Ch os on ▁Korea . ▁▁ ▁Du us |
, ▁Peter . ▁( 1 9 9 8 ). ▁The ▁Ab ac us ▁and ▁the ▁S word : ▁The ▁Japanese ▁Pen etr ation ▁of ▁Korea , ▁ 1 8 9 5 – 1 9 1 0 . ▁Ber keley : ▁University ▁of ▁California ▁Press . ▁/ ; ▁▁ ▁Han , ▁Young - wo o , ▁Em press ▁My e ong se ong ▁and ▁Korean ▁Empire ▁( 명 성 황 후 와 ▁ 대 한 제 국 )( 2 0 0 1 ). ▁Hy oh ye ong ▁Publishing ▁▁ ▁Hann , ▁W oo - Ke un . ▁( 1 9 9 6 ). ▁The ▁History ▁of ▁Korea . ▁▁ ▁Ke ene , ▁Donald . ▁( 2 0 0 2 ). ▁Emperor ▁of ▁Japan : ▁Me iji ▁and ▁His ▁World , ▁ 1 8 5 2 – 1 9 1 2 . ▁New ▁York : ▁Columbia ▁University ▁Press . ▁; ▁OCLC ▁ 4 6 7 3 1 1 7 8 ▁ ▁Lewis , ▁James ▁Bry ant . ▁( 2 0 0 3 ). ▁Front ier ▁Contact ▁between ▁Ch os on ▁Korea ▁and ▁Tok ug awa ▁Japan . ▁▁ ▁Mac K ens ie , ▁Frederick ▁Arthur . ▁( 1 9 2 0 ). ▁Korea ' s ▁Fight ▁for ▁Fre edom . ▁Chicago : ▁F lem ing ▁H . ▁Rev ell . ▁OCLC ▁ 3 1 2 4 7 5 2 ▁Re vised ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁ ▁( See ▁also ▁Project ▁G uten berg .) ▁ ▁_ ________ _. ▁( 1 9 0 8 |
). ▁The ▁T rag edy ▁of ▁Korea . ▁London : ▁H od der ▁and ▁St ought on . ▁OCLC ▁ 2 0 0 8 4 5 2 ▁Re print ed ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁▁ ▁N ah m , ▁Andrew ▁C . ▁( 1 9 9 6 ). ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Korean ▁People : ▁Trad ition ▁and ▁Trans formation . ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁▁ ▁_ ________ . ▁( 1 9 9 7 ). ▁Introduction ▁to ▁Korean ▁History ▁and ▁Culture . ▁▁ ▁Sch mid , ▁Andre . ▁( 2 0 0 2 ). ▁Korea ▁between ▁Emp ires , ▁ 1 8 9 5 – 1 9 1 9 . ▁New ▁York : ▁Columbia ▁University ▁Press . ▁; ▁; ▁OCLC ▁ 4 8 6 1 8 1 1 7 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁M aking ▁of ▁an ▁Asian ▁hit : ▁A ▁Korean ▁royal ▁tra ged y ▁in ▁the ▁Broadway ▁style ▁by ▁Ric ardo ▁Sal udo , ▁Asia ▁Week ▁( 1 8 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Character istics ▁of ▁Queen ▁of ▁Core a , ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁ 1 0 ▁November ▁ 1 8 9 5 . ▁ ▁Japanese ▁Document ▁Sh eds ▁New ▁Light ▁on ▁Korean ▁Queen ' s ▁Mur der ▁by ▁Y oo ▁Se ok - ja e , ▁The ▁Ch os un ▁Il bo ▁( 1 2 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Jose on ▁dynast y ▁Buddh ists ▁Category : B ud dh ism ▁and ▁women ▁Category |
: 1 8 5 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 9 5 ▁death s ▁Category : M ur der ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁Category : K ore an ▁em press es ▁Category : K ore an ▁Buddh ist ▁monarch s ▁Category : H ouse ▁of ▁Y i ▁Category : Ass ass in ated ▁royal ty ▁Category : Ant i - J apan ese ▁sentiment ▁in ▁Korea ▁Category : Ass ass in ated ▁Korean ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁murder ed ▁in ▁Korea ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Korean ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Korean ▁women ▁Category : Ro yal ▁cons ort s ▁of ▁the ▁Jose on ▁D ynast y ▁Category : Y e o he ung ▁Min ▁cl an ▁Category : F em ale ▁murder ▁vict ims ▁Category : V i ol ence ▁against ▁women ▁in ▁Asia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Sc ut ari ▁ ▁took ▁place ▁from ▁October ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁to ▁April ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁when ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Mont en eg ro ▁defeated ▁the ▁forces ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁and ▁inv aded ▁Sh k od ë r . ▁According ▁to ▁M ish a ▁Glen ny , ▁the ▁asp ir ations ▁of ▁Sh k od ë r ▁were ▁imperial istic ▁in ▁nature . ▁ ▁N aming ▁The ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Sc ut ari ▁is ▁also ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Sh k od |
ë r ▁( , ▁), ▁known ▁in ▁Turkish ▁as ▁ İ ş k od ra ▁M ü da fa as ı ▁or ▁ İ ş k od ra ▁Sav un mas ı . ▁ ▁Background ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁the ▁B alk an ▁League — cons isting ▁of ▁Ser bia , ▁Mont en eg ro , ▁Greece ▁and ▁Bulg aria — had ▁joint ly ▁declared ▁war ▁against ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁Mont en eg ro ▁mobil ized ▁its ▁troops ▁and ▁prepared ▁to ▁attack ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁forces ▁in ▁Alban ia ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁However , ▁behind ▁stood ▁the ▁intention ▁to ▁expand ▁Mont en eg ro ▁at ▁the ▁exp ense ▁of ▁territ ories ▁with ▁an ▁over wh el ming ▁Alban ian ▁majority . ▁Mont en eg ro ▁considered ▁itself ▁successor ▁of ▁Z eta , ▁a ▁medieval ▁Ser b ▁polity ▁that ▁played ▁an ▁important ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁overall ▁development ▁of ▁Ser bian ▁Empire , ▁with ▁Sk h oder ▁as ▁its ▁capital . ▁With ▁the ▁transition ▁of ▁power ▁from ▁the ▁last ▁fe ud al ▁l ords ▁Bal š ić i ▁or ▁Bal sha ▁to ▁Ven et ians , ▁and ▁eventually ▁Ott om ans , ▁who ▁established ▁a ▁city ▁as ▁an ▁administrative ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁region , ▁the ▁" lost ▁capital " ▁became ▁a ▁symbol ▁of ▁opp ression ▁for ▁the ▁Mont en egr ins . ▁Histor ically , ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁the ▁medieval ▁Z eta ▁and ▁Alban ian ▁principal ities ▁was ▁the ▁Dr in ▁river , ▁as ▁pointed ▁out ▁by ▁ |
1 7 th ▁century ▁Mont en egr in ▁r uler ▁and ▁histor i ograph er ▁Vas il ije ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro ▁sought ▁to ▁expand ▁itself ▁to ▁its ▁traditional ▁borders . ▁Furthermore , ▁the ▁region ▁had ▁considerable ▁S lav ic ▁population . ▁Many ▁Mont en egr ins ▁trace ▁their ▁her itage ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁region , ▁which ▁their ▁ancest ors ▁abandoned ▁after ▁the ▁Turkish ▁occupation . ▁ ▁New sp apers ▁The ▁Ser b ▁newspaper ▁P iem ont ▁advoc ated ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁Sc ut ari ▁to ▁pun ish ▁it ▁for ▁having ▁d ared ▁to ▁resist . ▁ ▁Start ▁of ▁the ▁war ▁On ▁ 8 ▁October ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁Gen . ▁Has an ▁R iza ▁P asha ▁announced ▁that ▁Mont en eg ro ▁had ▁declared ▁war ▁on ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁get ▁rid ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 0 0 ▁years ▁of ▁opp ression ▁by ▁the ▁" T urk ish ▁foot ", ▁as ▁the ▁enemy ▁claimed , ▁and ▁that ▁its ▁troops ▁were ▁crossing ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁Mont en eg ro ▁and ▁Alban ia . ▁Two ▁hours ▁after ▁the ▁news ▁the ▁Mont en egr in ▁troops , ▁as ▁expected , ▁were ▁approaching ▁Sc ut ari . ▁Up ▁to ▁ 7 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁army ▁in ▁the ▁inner ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁B alk ans ▁was ▁composed ▁of ▁Muslim ▁Alban ian ▁cons cript s ▁during ▁the ▁freedom ▁struggle ▁from ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁At ▁no on ▁Has an ▁R iza ▁P asha ▁in ▁his ▁headquarters ▁gathered ▁all ▁his ▁command |
ers ▁and ▁told ▁them : ▁ ▁Battle ▁ ▁The ▁sie ge ▁started ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁The ▁attack ▁was ▁originally ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁Mont en egr in ▁army ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Prince ▁Dan ilo . ▁However , ▁his ▁forces ▁encountered ▁st iff ▁resistance , ▁and ▁the ▁Ser b ▁army ▁sent ▁rein for c ements ▁to ▁help ▁its ▁Mont en egr in ▁al lies . ▁ ▁Rad om ir ▁Ve š ović ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁sie ge ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁wounded ▁twice , ▁showing ▁an ▁exem ption al ▁courage ▁which ▁earned ▁him ▁a ▁golden ▁Ob ili ć ▁Medal ▁and ▁nick name ▁the ▁kn ight ▁of ▁Br dan j olt ▁( ). ▁ ▁The ▁combined ▁Turkish ▁and ▁Alban ian ▁def enders ▁led ▁by ▁Has an ▁R iza ▁P asha ▁and ▁his ▁lieutenant , ▁Es ad ▁P asha ▁To pt ani , ▁resist ed ▁for ▁seven ▁months ▁and ▁managed ▁to ▁inf lict ▁a ▁heavy ▁to ll ▁on ▁the ▁bes ie gers . ▁ ▁Death ▁of ▁Has an ▁R iza ▁P asha ▁On ▁January ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁R iza ▁P asha ▁was ▁amb ushed ▁and ▁killed ▁by ▁Os man ▁B ali ▁and ▁Me h met ▁K ava ja , ▁two ▁Alban ian ▁servants ▁of ▁Es ad ▁P asha , ▁as ▁he ▁left ▁Es ad ' s ▁house ▁after ▁d ining ▁with ▁him . ▁R iza ▁P asha ▁wanted ▁to ▁keep ▁up ▁the ▁defense ▁of ▁the ▁bes ie ged ▁city ▁but |
▁Es ad ▁P asha ▁wanted ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁secret ▁negoti ations ▁with ▁Mont en eg ro , ▁which ▁were ▁done ▁through ▁the ▁coun sel ▁of ▁Russia ▁in ▁Sc ut ari . ▁Es ad ▁P asha ' s ▁plan ▁was ▁to ▁hand ▁over ▁Sc ut ari ▁to ▁the ▁Ser bs ▁and ▁Mont en egr ins ▁as ▁the ▁price ▁for ▁their ▁support ▁in ▁his ▁attempt ▁to ▁proc laim ▁himself ▁King ▁of ▁Alban ia . ▁On ▁ 6 ▁February ▁King ▁Nik ola ▁received ▁deleg ation ▁of ▁ch ie ft ains ▁from ▁Mal ë s ia ▁who ▁stated ▁that ▁they ▁recognize ▁him ▁as ▁their ▁su zer ain ▁and ▁requested ▁to ▁join ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁of ▁their ▁f igh ters ▁with ▁Mont en egr in ▁forces ▁to ▁capture ▁Sc ut ari . ▁On ▁ 7 ▁February ▁they ▁were ▁ordered ▁to ▁attack ▁in ▁the ▁direction ▁J ub ani — D aut - ag ha ' s ▁k ulla . ▁ ▁S urr ender ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁Es ad ▁P asha ▁made ▁the ▁official ▁proposal ▁to ▁surrender ▁the ▁city ▁to ▁Mont en egr in ▁Gen . ▁V uk otic . ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 3 ▁his ▁proposal ▁was ▁accepted ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁allowed ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁city ▁with ▁full ▁military ▁hon ors ▁and ▁with ▁all ▁of ▁his ▁troops ▁and ▁equipment , ▁except ▁heavy ▁guns . ▁He ▁also ▁received ▁a ▁sum ▁of ▁£ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁ster ling ▁from ▁the ▁Mont en egr in ▁King . |
▁Ess ad ▁P asha ▁signed ▁the ▁final ▁surrender ▁protocol ▁with ▁the ▁Mont en egr ins ▁Ess ad ▁P asha ▁surrender ed ▁Sc ut ari ▁to ▁Mont en eg ro ▁only ▁after ▁its ▁dest iny ▁was ▁decided ▁by ▁the ▁Great ▁Pow ers , ▁after ▁they ▁forced ▁Ser bia ▁to ▁retre at ▁and ▁after ▁it ▁was ▁obvious ▁that ▁the ▁Great ▁Pow ers ▁would ▁not ▁allow ▁Mont en eg ro ▁to ▁keep ▁Sc ut ari . ▁Ess ad ▁P asha ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁save ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁soldiers . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁he ▁managed ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁Ser bia ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Alban ia , ▁which ▁would ▁gain ▁Sc ut ari ▁indirect ly ▁by ▁the ▁Great ▁Pow ers . ▁ ▁After math ▁ ▁The ▁taking ▁of ▁Sc ut ari ▁removed ▁the ▁only ▁obst acle ▁to ▁the ▁Ser bian ▁advance ▁in ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁Ott oman ▁Alban ia . ▁By ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁the ▁country ▁had ▁declared ▁independence ▁but ▁was ▁yet ▁to ▁be ▁recognized ▁by ▁anyone . ▁The ▁Ser bian ▁army ▁eventually ▁occupied ▁most ▁of ▁northern ▁and ▁central ▁Alban ia , ▁stopping ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁V lor ë . ▁It ▁also ▁managed ▁to ▁trap ▁the ▁remains ▁of ▁the ▁Army ▁of ▁V ard ar ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁left ▁of ▁Alban ia ▁proper , ▁but ▁were ▁not ▁able ▁to ▁force ▁them ▁to ▁surrender . ▁However , ▁when ▁the ▁war ▁was ▁over , ▁the ▁Great ▁Pow ers ▁did ▁not ▁award ▁the ▁city ▁to ▁the ▁Kingdom |
▁of ▁Mont en eg ro , ▁which ▁was ▁comp elled ▁to ▁ev acu ate ▁it ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁London ▁Conference ▁of ▁Amb ass adors . ▁The ▁army ' s ▁withdraw al ▁was ▁hast ened ▁by ▁a ▁small ▁naval ▁fl ot illa ▁of ▁British ▁and ▁Italian ▁gun bo ats ▁that ▁moved ▁up ▁the ▁Bo j ana ▁River ▁and ▁across ▁the ▁Adri atic ▁coast line . ▁International ▁peace ▁keeping ▁force ▁( Sc ut ari ▁det achment ) ▁from ▁five ▁countries ▁- ▁Austria - H ung ary , ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁France , ▁Italy ▁and ▁Germany ▁- ▁was ▁deployed ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁kept ▁until ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁W WI . ▁The ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Mont en eg ro ▁also ▁later ▁took ▁Met oh ija , ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁Kos ovo . ▁ ▁At roc ities ▁During ▁the ▁sie ge ▁and ▁afterwards , ▁Ser bo - Mont en egr in ▁soldiers ▁committed ▁numerous ▁at roc ities ▁on ▁the ▁Alban ian ▁population . ▁ ▁International ▁reaction ▁' s ▁Foreign ▁Minister , ▁Count ▁Leopold ▁Ber cht old , ▁demanded ▁that ▁Sc ut ari ▁be ▁ev acu ated ▁by ▁the ▁Great ▁Pow ers ▁within ▁ 4 8 ▁hours . ▁ ▁supported ▁Austria - H ung ary ▁and ▁sent ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁peace ▁force . ▁ ▁supported ▁Mont en eg ro ▁in ▁its ▁efforts ▁to ▁keep ▁Sc ut ari . ▁ ▁Cultural ▁influ ences ▁Alban ian ▁novel ist ▁N doc ▁Nik aj ▁wrote ▁an ▁historical ▁novel ▁titled ▁Sh k od |
ra ▁e ▁r re th u eme ▁(" Sh k od ra ▁under ▁sie ge ") ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁Bos n ian ▁Ser b ▁poet ▁Aleks a ▁Š anti ć ▁wrote ▁To ▁Ess ad ▁P asha ▁( ), ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Sc ut ari . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Ser bia ▁in ▁the ▁B alk an ▁Wars ▁Mass ac res ▁of ▁Alban ians ▁in ▁the ▁B alk an ▁Wars ▁ ▁Notes ▁foot notes ▁ ▁cit ations ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Som el , ▁Sel ç uk ▁Ak ş in , ▁Historical ▁dictionary ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire , ▁( Sc are c row ▁Press ▁Inc ., ▁ 2 0 0 3 ). ▁ ▁Eq erem ▁be j ▁V l ora , ▁Lebens er inner ungen ▁(' Mem oir s '), ▁Mun ich ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Ed ith ▁Dur ham , ▁The ▁Str ug gle ▁for ▁Sc ut ari ▁( T urk , ▁S lav , ▁and ▁Alban ian ), ▁( Ed ward ▁Arnold , ▁ 1 9 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Ed ith ▁Dur ham , ▁Tw enty ▁Years ▁of ▁B alk an ▁T angle , ▁( Ad am ant ▁Media ▁Corporation , ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Pav lo vić , ▁Ž . ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁O ps ada ▁Sk ad ra , ▁ 1 9 1 2 - 1 9 1 3 . |
▁Be og rad ▁ ▁Rat k ović , ▁B . ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁Pr vi ▁b alk ans ki ▁rat ▁ 1 9 1 2 - 1 9 1 3 ▁- ▁opera cije ▁sr ps kih ▁sn aga . ▁Be og rad : ▁V oj no istor ij ski ▁inst itut , ▁kn j . ▁ 2 ▁ ▁V oj v odi ć , ▁M . S . ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁Sk ad ar ska ▁k ri za ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁god . ▁Be og rad ▁ ▁Category : B att les ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁B alk an ▁War ▁Category : S ie ges ▁involving ▁Mont en eg ro ▁Category : S ie ges ▁involving ▁Ser bia ▁Sc ut ari ▁Category : 1 9 1 2 ▁in ▁Alban ia ▁Category : 1 9 1 3 ▁in ▁Alban ia ▁Category : 1 9 1 2 ▁in ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁Category : 1 9 1 3 ▁in ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁Category : Sc ut ari ▁Vil ay et ▁Category : History ▁of ▁Sh k od ë r ▁Category : Mod ern ▁history ▁of ▁Alban ia ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁history ▁of ▁Alban ia <0x0A> </s> ▁Evans ▁Creek ▁Pres erve ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁natural ▁area ▁that ▁was ▁don ated ▁to ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Sam m am ish , ▁Washington , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁site ▁includes ▁port ions ▁of |
▁Evans ▁Creek ▁and ▁other ▁water ▁features , ▁wet lands , ▁and ▁me adows , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁ste ep ▁terrain . ▁The ▁site ▁provides ▁habitat ▁for ▁black ▁be ars , ▁be a vers , ▁ha w ks , ▁de er , ▁and ▁song bird s . ▁There ▁are ▁nur se ▁trees ▁on ▁the ▁site , ▁which ▁are ▁tree ▁st umps ▁that ▁provide ▁nut ri ents ▁for ▁new ▁trees . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 0 - st all ▁par king ▁lot , ▁rest rooms , ▁tra ils , ▁and ▁other ▁amen ities ▁were ▁completed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁with ▁a ▁partners hip ▁between ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Sam m am ish , ▁the ▁Washington ▁Tra ils ▁Association , ▁business es , ▁and ▁community ▁organizations . ▁Const ruction ▁of ▁additional ▁tra ils ▁occurred ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁through ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁park ▁has ▁two ▁trail head s . ▁The ▁older ▁trail head ▁is ▁on ▁ 2 2 4 th ▁A ve ▁NE . ▁The ▁newer ▁trail head ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ 3 6 5 0 ▁Sah ale e ▁Way ▁NE . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Sam m am ish , ▁Washington ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Red mond , ▁Washington ▁Category : N ature ▁res erves ▁Category : H ik ing ▁tra ils ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Washington ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁t are lla ▁sh rew ▁( C |
roc id ura ▁t are lla ) ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁m amm al ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Sor ic idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Democratic ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo ▁and ▁U g anda . ▁Its ▁natural ▁habit ats ▁are ▁subt rop ical ▁or ▁tropical ▁mo ist ▁low land ▁forest ▁and ▁subt rop ical ▁or ▁tropical ▁mo ist ▁mont ane ▁forest . ▁It ▁is ▁threatened ▁by ▁habitat ▁loss . ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁H utter er , ▁R . ▁& ▁Ker bis ▁Peter h ans , ▁J . ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Cro cid ura ▁t are lla . ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁IU CN ▁Red ▁List ▁of ▁Th re aten ed ▁Species . ▁▁ ▁Down loaded ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Category : C roc id ura ▁Category : M amm als ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁Ober w il ▁is ▁a ▁municipality ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁Ar les heim ▁in ▁the ▁canton ▁of ▁Bas el - Country ▁in ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁History ▁Ober w il ▁is ▁first ▁mentioned ▁around ▁ 1 1 0 2 - 0 3 ▁as ▁Ober u uil re . ▁ ▁Geography ▁Ober w il ▁has ▁an ▁area , ▁, ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁Of ▁this ▁area , ▁ ▁or ▁ 4 4 . 0 % ▁is ▁used ▁for ▁agricult ural ▁purposes , ▁while ▁ ▁or ▁ 1 9 . 5 % ▁is ▁for |
ested . ▁▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁land , ▁ ▁or ▁ 3 5 . 8 % ▁is ▁settled ▁( build ings ▁or ▁roads ), ▁ ▁or ▁ 0 . 4 % ▁is ▁either ▁rivers ▁or ▁la kes ▁and ▁ ▁or ▁ 0 . 3 % ▁is ▁un product ive ▁land . ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁built ▁up ▁area , ▁industrial ▁buildings ▁made ▁up ▁ 1 . 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ▁area ▁while ▁housing ▁and ▁buildings ▁made ▁up ▁ 2 1 . 7 % ▁and ▁transport ation ▁infrastr ucture ▁made ▁up ▁ 7 . 4 %. ▁ ▁Power ▁and ▁water ▁infrastr ucture ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁special ▁developed ▁areas ▁made ▁up ▁ 1 . 8 % ▁of ▁the ▁area ▁while ▁par ks , ▁green ▁bel ts ▁and ▁sports ▁fields ▁made ▁up ▁ 3 . 3 %. ▁ ▁Out ▁of ▁the ▁for ested ▁land , ▁ 1 7 . 8 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ▁land ▁area ▁is ▁heavily ▁for ested ▁and ▁ 1 . 8 % ▁is ▁covered ▁with ▁orch ards ▁or ▁small ▁clusters ▁of ▁trees . ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁agricult ural ▁land , ▁ 3 3 . 0 % ▁is ▁used ▁for ▁growing ▁cro ps ▁and ▁ 8 . 0 % ▁is ▁past ures , ▁while ▁ 3 . 0 % ▁is ▁used ▁for ▁orch ards ▁or ▁v ine ▁cro ps . ▁ ▁All ▁the ▁water ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁is ▁flow ing ▁water . ▁ ▁The ▁municipality ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Ar les heim ▁district , ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁Le imen ▁valley |
. ▁ ▁Co at ▁of ▁arms ▁The ▁bla zon ▁of ▁the ▁municipal ▁coat ▁of ▁arms ▁is ▁G ules , ▁a ▁Pal let ▁w avy ▁Argent , ▁in ▁de xter ▁a ▁S word ▁and ▁in ▁sin ister ▁a ▁Key ▁of ▁the ▁same . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁Ober w il ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁() ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁, ▁ 1 8 . 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁are ▁resident ▁foreign ▁national s . ▁ ▁Over ▁the ▁last ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁( 1 9 9 7 – 2 0 0 7 ) ▁the ▁population ▁has ▁changed ▁at ▁a ▁rate ▁of ▁ 1 1 . 6 %. ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁() ▁speak s ▁German ▁( 8 , 1 8 4 ▁or ▁ 8 7 . 4 % ), ▁with ▁English ▁being ▁second ▁most ▁common ▁( 2 3 3 ▁or ▁ 2 . 5 %) ▁and ▁French ▁being ▁third ▁( 1 9 1 ▁or ▁ 2 . 0 %). ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁ 7 ▁people ▁who ▁speak ▁Rom ans h . ▁ ▁, ▁the ▁gender ▁distribution ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁ 4 8 . 7 % ▁male ▁and ▁ 5 1 . 3 % ▁female . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁ 8 , 4 6 6 ▁Swiss ▁citizens ▁( 8 1 . 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ), ▁and ▁ 1 , 9 6 1 ▁non - Sw iss ▁residents ▁( 1 8 . 8 %) ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁population ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁ 1 , 7 2 7 ▁or |
▁about ▁ 1 8 . 4 % ▁were ▁born ▁in ▁Ober w il ▁and ▁lived ▁there ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 1 , 4 5 7 ▁or ▁ 1 5 . 6 % ▁who ▁were ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁canton , ▁while ▁ 3 , 9 1 6 ▁or ▁ 4 1 . 8 % ▁were ▁born ▁somewhere ▁else ▁in ▁Switzerland , ▁and ▁ 1 , 9 5 4 ▁or ▁ 2 0 . 9 % ▁were ▁born ▁outside ▁of ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁In ▁ ▁there ▁were ▁ 7 7 ▁live ▁birth s ▁to ▁Swiss ▁citizens ▁and ▁ 1 5 ▁birth s ▁to ▁non - Sw iss ▁citizens , ▁and ▁in ▁same ▁time ▁span ▁there ▁were ▁ 5 3 ▁death s ▁of ▁Swiss ▁citizens ▁and ▁ 2 ▁non - Sw iss ▁citiz en ▁death s . ▁ ▁Ign oring ▁imm igration ▁and ▁em igration , ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁Swiss ▁citizens ▁increased ▁by ▁ 2 4 ▁while ▁the ▁foreign ▁population ▁increased ▁by ▁ 1 3 . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 6 ▁Swiss ▁men ▁who ▁imm igr ated ▁back ▁to ▁Switzerland ▁and ▁ 1 ▁Swiss ▁woman ▁who ▁em igr ated ▁from ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁there ▁were ▁ 3 6 ▁non - Sw iss ▁men ▁and ▁ 5 2 ▁non - Sw iss ▁women ▁who ▁imm igr ated ▁from ▁another ▁country ▁to ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁The ▁total ▁Swiss ▁population ▁change ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( from ▁all ▁sources , ▁including ▁moves ▁across ▁municipal |
▁borders ) ▁was ▁a ▁decrease ▁of ▁ 9 6 ▁and ▁the ▁non - Sw iss ▁population ▁change ▁was ▁an ▁increase ▁of ▁ 1 2 5 ▁people . ▁ ▁This ▁represents ▁a ▁population ▁growth ▁rate ▁of ▁ 0 . 3 %. ▁ ▁The ▁age ▁distribution , ▁, ▁in ▁Ober w il ▁is ; ▁ 7 0 5 ▁children ▁or ▁ 6 . 8 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁are ▁between ▁ 0 ▁and ▁ 6 ▁years ▁old ▁and ▁ 1 , 4 0 9 ▁te en agers ▁or ▁ 1 3 . 5 % ▁are ▁between ▁ 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 . ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁adult ▁population , ▁ 9 6 6 ▁people ▁or ▁ 9 . 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁are ▁between ▁ 2 0 ▁and ▁ 2 9 ▁years ▁old . ▁▁ 1 , 2 9 4 ▁people ▁or ▁ 1 2 . 4 % ▁are ▁between ▁ 3 0 ▁and ▁ 3 9 , ▁ 1 , 8 4 9 ▁people ▁or ▁ 1 7 . 7 % ▁are ▁between ▁ 4 0 ▁and ▁ 4 9 , ▁and ▁ 2 , 1 3 0 ▁people ▁or ▁ 2 0 . 4 % ▁are ▁between ▁ 5 0 ▁and ▁ 6 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁senior ▁population ▁distribution ▁is ▁ 1 , 5 6 3 ▁people ▁or ▁ 1 5 . 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁are ▁between ▁ 6 5 ▁and ▁ 7 9 ▁years ▁old ▁and ▁ ▁there ▁are ▁ 5 1 1 ▁people ▁or ▁ 4 . |
9 % ▁who ▁are ▁over ▁ 8 0 . ▁ ▁, ▁there ▁were ▁ 3 , 4 8 8 ▁people ▁who ▁were ▁single ▁and ▁never ▁married ▁in ▁the ▁municipality . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 4 , 8 5 7 ▁married ▁individuals , ▁ 4 8 4 ▁wid ows ▁or ▁wid ow ers ▁and ▁ 5 3 4 ▁individuals ▁who ▁are ▁divor ced . ▁ ▁, ▁there ▁were ▁ 4 , 0 6 7 ▁private ▁households ▁in ▁the ▁municipality , ▁and ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 2 . 2 ▁persons ▁per ▁household . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 1 , 2 4 0 ▁households ▁that ▁consist ▁of ▁only ▁one ▁person ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 ▁households ▁with ▁five ▁or ▁more ▁people . ▁ ▁Out ▁of ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 4 , 1 1 8 ▁households ▁that ▁answered ▁this ▁question , ▁ 3 0 . 1 % ▁were ▁households ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁just ▁one ▁person ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁were ▁adult s ▁who ▁lived ▁with ▁their ▁parents . ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁households , ▁ ▁there ▁are ▁ 1 , 4 1 2 ▁married ▁cou ples ▁without ▁children , ▁ 1 , 1 3 4 ▁married ▁cou ples ▁with ▁children ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 2 1 4 ▁single ▁parents ▁with ▁a ▁child ▁or ▁children . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 4 6 ▁households ▁that ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁un related ▁people ▁and ▁ 5 1 ▁households ▁that ▁were ▁made ▁some ▁sort ▁of ▁institution ▁or ▁another ▁collect ive ▁housing . ▁▁ ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 , 6 3 |
0 ▁single ▁family ▁homes ▁( or ▁ 7 3 . 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ) ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 , 2 3 3 ▁inhab ited ▁buildings . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 3 9 7 ▁multi - family ▁buildings ▁( 1 7 . 8 % ), ▁along ▁with ▁ 1 3 5 ▁multi - pur pose ▁buildings ▁that ▁were ▁mostly ▁used ▁for ▁housing ▁( 6 . 0 %) ▁and ▁ 7 1 ▁other ▁use ▁buildings ▁( com mer cial ▁or ▁industrial ) ▁that ▁also ▁had ▁some ▁housing ▁( 3 . 2 %). ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁single ▁family ▁homes ▁ 9 9 ▁were ▁built ▁before ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁while ▁ 2 1 2 ▁were ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁greatest ▁number ▁of ▁single ▁family ▁homes ▁( 4 4 5 ) ▁were ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁▁ ▁there ▁were ▁ 4 , 4 1 8 ▁apart ments ▁in ▁the ▁municipality . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁common ▁a partment ▁size ▁was ▁ 4 ▁rooms ▁of ▁which ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 , 3 2 9 . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 1 3 2 ▁single ▁room ▁apart ments ▁and ▁ 1 , 4 6 6 ▁apart ments ▁with ▁five ▁or ▁more ▁rooms . ▁ ▁Of ▁these ▁apart ments , ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 4 , 0 0 8 ▁apart ments ▁( 9 0 . 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ) ▁were ▁perman |
ently ▁occupied , ▁while ▁ 2 4 9 ▁apart ments ▁( 5 . 6 %) ▁were ▁season ally ▁occupied ▁and ▁ 1 6 1 ▁apart ments ▁( 3 . 6 %) ▁were ▁empty . ▁ ▁, ▁the ▁construction ▁rate ▁of ▁new ▁housing ▁units ▁was ▁ 2 . 7 ▁new ▁units ▁per ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁residents . ▁ ▁The ▁vac ancy ▁rate ▁for ▁the ▁municipality , ▁, ▁was ▁ 0 . 3 8 %. ▁ ▁The ▁historical ▁population ▁is ▁given ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁chart : ▁ ▁Polit ics ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁federal ▁election ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁party ▁was ▁the ▁SP ▁which ▁received ▁ 2 6 . 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁ ▁The ▁next ▁three ▁most ▁popular ▁parties ▁were ▁the ▁SV P ▁( 2 4 . 4 2 %) ▁the ▁F DP ▁( 1 9 . 1 1 % ), ▁and ▁the ▁C VP ▁( 1 0 . 3 2 %). ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁federal ▁election , ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 3 , 4 9 8 ▁votes ▁were ▁cast , ▁and ▁the ▁vot er ▁turn out ▁was ▁ 4 8 . 5 %. ▁ ▁Econom y ▁ ▁, ▁Ober w il ▁had ▁an ▁un emp loyment ▁rate ▁of ▁ 2 . 3 9 %. ▁ ▁, ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 7 1 ▁people ▁employed ▁in ▁the ▁primary ▁economic ▁sector ▁and ▁about ▁ 2 3 ▁business es ▁involved ▁in ▁this ▁sector . ▁▁ 3 3 2 ▁people ▁were ▁employed ▁in ▁the ▁secondary ▁sector ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁ 7 |
2 ▁business es ▁in ▁this ▁sector . ▁▁ 2 , 2 9 6 ▁people ▁were ▁employed ▁in ▁the ▁t ert i ary ▁sector , ▁with ▁ 3 4 6 ▁business es ▁in ▁this ▁sector . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 4 , 7 0 4 ▁residents ▁of ▁the ▁municipality ▁who ▁were ▁employed ▁in ▁some ▁capacity , ▁of ▁which ▁females ▁made ▁up ▁ 4 3 . 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁work force . ▁▁ ▁the ▁total ▁number ▁of ▁full - time ▁equivalent ▁jobs ▁was ▁ 2 , 3 7 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁jobs ▁in ▁the ▁primary ▁sector ▁was ▁ 4 7 , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁ ▁were ▁in ▁agricult ure . ▁ ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁jobs ▁in ▁the ▁secondary ▁sector ▁was ▁ 3 3 2 , ▁of ▁which ▁ 1 3 0 ▁or ▁( 3 9 . 2 %) ▁were ▁in ▁manufact uring ▁and ▁ 2 0 2 ▁( 6 0 . 8 %) ▁were ▁in ▁construction . ▁ ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁jobs ▁in ▁the ▁t ert i ary ▁sector ▁was ▁ 1 , 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁t ert i ary ▁sector ; ▁ 5 8 0 ▁or ▁ 2 9 . 0 % ▁were ▁in ▁wh oles ale ▁or ▁ret ail ▁sales ▁or ▁the ▁repair ▁of ▁motor ▁vehicles , ▁ 2 6 5 ▁or ▁ 1 3 . 3 % ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁movement ▁and ▁storage ▁of ▁goods , ▁ 7 6 ▁or ▁ 3 . 8 % ▁were ▁in ▁a ▁hotel ▁or ▁restaurant , ▁ 6 |
1 ▁or ▁ 3 . 1 % ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁information ▁industry , ▁ 5 7 ▁or ▁ 2 . 9 % ▁were ▁the ▁ins urance ▁or ▁financial ▁industry , ▁ 1 7 7 ▁or ▁ 8 . 9 % ▁were ▁technical ▁profession als ▁or ▁scient ists , ▁ 1 9 4 ▁or ▁ 9 . 7 % ▁were ▁in ▁education ▁and ▁ 2 6 8 ▁or ▁ 1 3 . 4 % ▁were ▁in ▁health ▁care . ▁ ▁, ▁there ▁were ▁ 2 , 3 6 3 ▁workers ▁who ▁comm uted ▁into ▁the ▁municipality ▁and ▁ 3 , 7 0 6 ▁workers ▁who ▁comm uted ▁away . ▁ ▁The ▁municipality ▁is ▁a ▁net ▁exp orter ▁of ▁workers , ▁with ▁about ▁ 1 . 6 ▁workers ▁leaving ▁the ▁municipality ▁for ▁every ▁one ▁entering . ▁ ▁About ▁ 1 4 . 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁work force ▁coming ▁into ▁Ober w il ▁are ▁coming ▁from ▁outside ▁Switzerland , ▁while ▁ 0 . 4 % ▁of ▁the ▁loc als ▁comm ute ▁out ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁for ▁work . ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁working ▁population , ▁ 3 1 . 2 % ▁used ▁public ▁transport ation ▁to ▁get ▁to ▁work , ▁and ▁ 4 0 . 6 % ▁used ▁a ▁private ▁car . ▁ ▁Religion ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁, ▁ 3 , 2 0 6 ▁or ▁ 3 4 . 2 % ▁were ▁Roman ▁Catholic , ▁while ▁ 3 , 3 9 6 ▁or ▁ 3 6 . 3 % ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Re formed ▁Church . |
▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁population , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 2 5 ▁members ▁of ▁an ▁Orth odox ▁church ▁( or ▁about ▁ 1 . 3 4 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ), ▁there ▁were ▁ 3 8 ▁individuals ▁( or ▁about ▁ 0 . 4 1 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ) ▁who ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁Christian ▁Catholic ▁Church , ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁ 2 1 3 ▁individuals ▁( or ▁about ▁ 2 . 2 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ) ▁who ▁belonged ▁to ▁another ▁Christian ▁church . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 1 2 ▁individuals ▁( or ▁about ▁ 0 . 1 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ) ▁who ▁were ▁Jewish , ▁and ▁ 3 1 2 ▁( or ▁about ▁ 3 . 3 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ) ▁who ▁were ▁Islam ic . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 3 3 ▁individuals ▁who ▁were ▁Buddh ist , ▁ 4 1 ▁individuals ▁who ▁were ▁H indu ▁and ▁ 1 2 ▁individuals ▁who ▁belonged ▁to ▁another ▁church . ▁▁ 1 , 6 7 3 ▁( or ▁about ▁ 1 7 . 8 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ) ▁belonged ▁to ▁no ▁church , ▁are ▁ag nost ic ▁or ▁at he ist , ▁and ▁ 3 0 2 ▁individuals ▁( or ▁about ▁ 3 . 2 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ) ▁did ▁not ▁answer ▁the ▁question . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁In ▁Ober w il ▁about ▁ 3 , 8 1 0 ▁or ▁( 4 0 . 7 %) ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁have ▁completed ▁non - |
m and atory ▁upper ▁secondary ▁education , ▁and ▁ 1 , 9 8 4 ▁or ▁( 2 1 . 2 %) ▁have ▁completed ▁additional ▁higher ▁education ▁( e ither ▁university ▁or ▁a ▁Fach ho ch schule ). ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁ 1 , 9 8 4 ▁who ▁completed ▁t ert i ary ▁school ing , ▁ 5 6 . 1 % ▁were ▁Swiss ▁men , ▁ 2 6 . 2 % ▁were ▁Swiss ▁women , ▁ 1 0 . 2 % ▁were ▁non - Sw iss ▁men ▁and ▁ 7 . 5 % ▁were ▁non - Sw iss ▁women . ▁ ▁, ▁there ▁were ▁ 7 6 5 ▁students ▁in ▁Ober w il ▁who ▁came ▁from ▁another ▁municipality , ▁while ▁ 3 4 6 ▁residents ▁attended ▁schools ▁outside ▁the ▁municipality . ▁ ▁Notable ▁residents ▁ ▁John ▁M ills ▁( 1 8 4 8 ▁– ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁at ▁Ober w il ) ▁an ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁one ▁first - class ▁cr icket ▁match ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁ ▁D ario ▁Z uff i ▁ ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁former ▁FC ▁Bas el ▁player , ▁used ▁to ▁live ▁in ▁Ober w il ▁ ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁current ▁world ▁number ▁one ▁tennis ▁player , ▁moved ▁to ▁Wol ler au , ▁Schw yz ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁▁▁▁ ▁Swiss info ▁Article : ▁Feder er ▁turns |
▁his ▁back ▁on ▁home ▁canton ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁of ▁Bas el - Land schaft <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch in na ▁() ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁leading ▁art ▁director ▁in ▁Indian ▁cinema . ▁His ▁debut ▁vent ure ▁was ▁‘ K alis i ▁Nad ud ham ’ ▁( T el ug u ). ▁He ▁started ▁Art ▁direction ▁together ▁with ▁his ▁g uru ▁B ▁An and ▁S ai ▁( son ▁of ▁senior ▁art ▁director ▁B . Ch ell am ). ▁His ▁first ▁movie ▁was ▁as ▁Ass istant ▁Art ▁Director ▁for ▁the ▁T amil ▁movie ▁‘ Ro ja ▁Mal are ’ ▁st arring ▁Mur ali . ▁Next ▁was ‘ S ant os ham ’ ▁followed ▁by ▁‘ En as are ▁As ave ’ ▁and ▁so ▁on . ▁ ▁Then ▁Sh ift ed ▁to ▁Hy der abad ▁for ▁‘ Th ol ip re ma ’ . ▁Again ▁together ▁with ▁his ▁g uru ▁An and ▁S ai , ▁he ▁did ▁Tel ug u ▁mov ies ▁like ▁‘ Th ol ip re ma ’ , ▁‘ Th am ud u ’ , ▁‘ Bad ri ’ , ▁‘ K ush i ’ ▁and ▁‘ Pre math o ▁ra ’ . ▁While ▁this ▁was ▁happening ▁he ▁met ▁great ▁produ cers ▁like ▁Bur ug up al li ▁S iv ar ama ▁Kr ish na , ▁T . ▁T riv ik rama ▁R ao ▁and ▁with ▁their ▁encourag ement ▁he ▁became ▁Art ▁director ▁in ▁their ▁mov ies . ▁‘ K alis i ▁Nad ud ham ’ ( T el ug |
u ) ▁was ▁my ▁first ▁movie ▁as ▁Art ▁director . ▁He ▁also ▁worked ▁with ▁his ▁senior ▁class mate ▁Mur thy ▁S re er am ’ s ▁movie ▁‘ V e chi ▁V unta ’ . ▁Ch in na ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁said ▁' This ▁was ▁actually ▁my ▁first ▁movie ▁but ▁it ▁got ▁released ▁as ▁my ▁second ▁movie .' ▁ ▁He ▁started ▁working ▁on ▁the ▁film ▁K H AD G AM ▁st arring ▁s rik anth ▁and ▁son ali ▁bind re ▁but ▁stopped ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁due ▁to ▁unknown ▁reasons . ▁ ▁He ▁worked ▁for ▁almost ▁ 2 2 ▁films ▁with ▁the ▁to l lywood ▁Director ▁pur i ▁j ag ann ath ▁... ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁started ▁wed ding ▁designs ▁... ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁he ▁designed ▁the ▁wed ding ▁M AND AP ▁of ▁P ULL A ▁RA O ' s ▁D augh ter ▁marriage ▁for ▁which ▁he ▁got ▁much ▁appreci ation ▁and ▁the ▁whole ▁And h ra ▁Pr adesh ▁and ▁Tel ang ana ▁recognition .. ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁This ▁list ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁completed ▁one .. ▁Part ial ▁film ography ▁is ▁selected . ▁ ▁An am ika ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Tra ffic ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Man ush ul ath o ▁J agr ath a ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Dev ud u ▁Ch es ina ▁Man ush ulu ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Camer aman ▁Gang ath o ▁R amb ab u ▁( 2 0 1 |
2 ) ▁ ▁Business ▁Man ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁K and ire ega ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Ad hin ay ak ud u ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁N enu ▁Na a ▁Rak sh asi ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Nag aval li ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Gol imar ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁A ry a ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Ek ▁N ir an jan ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁B um per ▁Of fer ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁An jan ey ulu ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁R ide ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁W anted ▁H indi ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Kon chem ▁Is ht am ▁Kon chem ▁Kas ht am ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁N en int he ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Ch int ak ay ala ▁R avi ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Bu j j iga adu : ▁Made ▁in ▁Chen na i ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Des am ud uru ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Ch ir ut ha ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Y og i ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Hello ▁prem ist ara ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Pok iri ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Happy ▁( 2 0 0 |
6 ) ▁ ▁Lak sh mi ▁Songs ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Super ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Int lo ▁S rim ath i ▁Ve ed h ilo ▁K um ari ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁▁ 1 4 3 ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Sh art : ▁The ▁Challenge ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁And h raw ala ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Th oda ▁T um ▁Bad lo ▁Th oda ▁Hum ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Sh iv am ani ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Tar ak ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Am ma ▁N anna ▁O ▁T amil a ▁Am may i ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁P ell am ▁O or el it he ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁A ad uth u ▁pa ad uth u ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁An and am ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁V ech iv unta ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁K alis i ▁Nad ud dam ▁Cont ro vers y ▁ ▁Art ▁director ▁ch in na ' s ▁best ▁industry ▁friend ▁and ▁to l lywood ▁director ▁P uri ▁Jag ann ath ▁were ▁split ▁during ▁the ▁all u ▁ar j un ▁st arr er ▁ID D AR AM MA Y IL ATH O . ▁The ▁reasons ▁were ▁given ▁ ▁why ▁they ▁both ▁split ▁up ▁in ▁spite ▁of ▁their ▁best ▁friendship ▁but ▁the ▁industry ▁people |
▁are ▁saying ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁true ▁and ▁the ▁reason ▁is ▁unknown . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Only ▁few ▁awards ▁are ▁considered ▁... ▁ ▁Ch in na ▁won ▁ 1 0 - 1 5 ▁other ▁awards ▁... ▁ ▁Best ▁art ▁Director ▁for ▁the ▁movie ▁NA G AV AL LI ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁Best ▁art ▁director ▁for ▁the ▁movie ▁Pok iri ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁http :// www . Art chin na . com ▁ ▁Category : Ind ian ▁art ▁direct ors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Jan ▁H ul sk er ▁( 2 ▁October ▁ 1 9 0 7 , ▁The ▁H ague ▁– ▁ 9 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁V ancouver ) ▁was ▁a ▁Dutch ▁art ▁historian ▁especially ▁noted ▁for ▁his ▁work ▁on ▁Vincent ▁van ▁G og h . ▁He ▁studied ▁Dutch ▁literature ▁in ▁Le iden ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁with ▁a ▁th esis ▁on ▁the ▁author ▁A art ▁van ▁der ▁Lee uw . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁Minister ie ▁van ▁Cult uur , ▁Rec re atie ▁en ▁Ma at sch app elijk ▁werk , ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁art ▁department . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁he ▁became ▁general ▁director ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁culture ▁at ▁large ▁( direct eur - gener aal ▁voor ▁culture le ▁z aken ). ▁The ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁Vincent ▁van ▁G og h ▁Foundation ▁and ▁the ▁Van ▁G og h |
▁Museum ▁in ▁Amsterdam ▁were ▁among ▁his ▁major ▁tasks . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁H ul sk er ▁contributed ▁to ▁Van ▁G og h ▁research , ▁concentr ating ▁on ▁the ▁d ating ▁of ▁Van ▁G og h ' s ▁correspond ence . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁H ul sk er ' s ▁most ▁important ▁study ▁was ▁published , ▁Van ▁G og h ▁door ▁Van ▁G og h , ▁which ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁translated ▁from ▁the ▁Dutch . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁an ▁acknowled ged ▁catalog ue ▁raison né ▁of ▁Van ▁G og h ' s ▁work , ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁ ▁re vised ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁and ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁His ▁catalog ue ▁numbers ▁are ▁preced ed ▁by ▁a ▁' J H ': ▁thus ▁J H 1 7 3 1 ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁oil ▁painting ▁The ▁Star ry ▁Night ▁( pre viously ▁catalog ued ▁by ▁Jacob ▁Ba art ▁de ▁la ▁F aille ▁as ▁F 6 1 2 ). ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁H ul sk er ▁left ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁settled ▁in ▁V ancouver , ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁Canada , ▁where ▁he ▁died ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁H ul sk er , ▁Jan . ▁Vincent ▁and ▁The o ▁van ▁G og h ; ▁A ▁dual ▁bi ography . ▁Ann ▁Ar bor : ▁Full |
er ▁Publications , ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁▁ ▁H ul sk er , ▁Jan . ▁The ▁Complete ▁Van ▁G og h . ▁Oxford : ▁Ph a id on , ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁Short ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁death s ▁Category : D utch ▁art ▁histor ians ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁The ▁H ague ▁Category : V in cent ▁van ▁G og h ▁sch ol ars ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Dutch ▁pain ters ▁Category : D utch ▁male ▁pain ters <0x0A> </s> ▁We ▁Sam mar inese ▁( , ▁NS ) ▁is ▁a ▁cent rist ▁political ▁party ▁in ▁San ▁Mar ino . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁general ▁election ▁NS ▁won ▁ 2 . 5 % ▁and ▁ 1 ▁out ▁of ▁ 6 0 ▁seats ▁and ▁stood ▁in ▁opposition ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 0 8 ▁gover ning ▁coal ition ▁of ▁the ▁Party ▁of ▁Social ists ▁and ▁Democr ats , ▁Popular ▁Alliance ▁and ▁United ▁Left . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁general ▁election ▁the ▁party ▁participated ▁within ▁the ▁Fre edom ▁List ▁that ▁won ▁ 1 , 3 1 7 ▁votes ▁( 6 . 2 8 %) ▁and ▁got ▁ 4 ▁seats . ▁At ▁time , ▁the ▁Fre edom ▁List ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁centre - right ▁P act ▁for ▁San ▁Mar ino ▁coal ition . ▁The |
▁elect oral ▁coal ition ▁won ▁ 3 5 ▁seats ▁out ▁of ▁ 6 0 ▁in ▁the ▁Grand ▁and ▁General ▁Council ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Sam mar inese ▁parliament ary ▁election ▁gain ing ▁ 5 4 . 2 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁vote ▁and ▁a ▁government al ▁majority ▁of ▁ 5 , ▁becoming ▁the ▁new ▁government ▁of ▁San ▁Mar ino . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁No i ▁Sam mar ines i ▁which ▁itself ▁gained ▁a ▁few ▁seats ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁percentage ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁vote ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁coal ition ▁and ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Fre edom ▁List . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁the ▁P act ▁for ▁San ▁Mar ino ▁government ▁col lapsed , ▁causing ▁the ▁dis band ment ▁of ▁its ▁component ▁lists . ▁We ▁San mar inese , ▁now ▁a ▁fully ▁free ▁party , ▁decided ▁to ▁accept ▁a ▁feder ative ▁p act ▁with ▁the ▁Sam mar inese ▁Christian ▁Democratic ▁Party , ▁entering ▁into ▁a ▁new ▁government ▁of ▁national ▁unity . ▁NS ▁run ▁in ▁the ▁San mar inese ▁election ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁as ▁party ▁of ▁the ▁ultimately ▁vict orious ▁P D CS . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁party ▁opposed ▁joining ▁the ▁EU ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Sam mar inese ▁refer endum . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁in ▁San ▁Mar ino <0x0A> </s> ▁Ko ści anka ▁ ▁( G erman : ▁Hans fel de ) ▁is ▁a |
▁former ▁settlement ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁T ych owo , ▁within ▁B iał og ard ▁County , ▁West ▁P omer an ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁north - western ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁T ych owo , ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁B iał og ard , ▁and ▁ ▁north - east ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Sz cz ec in . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁History ▁of ▁P omer ania ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁B iał og ard ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁A de le ▁Williams ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 8 6 8 ▁– ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁artist ▁who ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁earliest ▁Im pression ist ▁pain ters ▁in ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁Biography ▁A de le ▁Williams ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Richmond , ▁Virginia , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁John ▁H . ▁Williams . ▁Gr adu ating ▁high ▁school ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 5 , ▁she ▁went ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁to ▁study ▁at ▁the ▁Woman ' s ▁Art ▁School ▁of ▁Cooper ▁Union ▁and ▁the ▁Art ▁Stud ents ' ▁League . ▁She ▁also ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁Ac adémie ▁Julian ▁in ▁Paris , ▁where ▁she ▁won ▁the ▁Prix ▁Conc ours ▁medal . ▁ ▁Williams ▁worked ▁in ▁oil , ▁water color , ▁past el , ▁and ▁me zz ot int , ▁painting ▁land sc apes , ▁still ▁lif es , ▁and ▁har bor ▁and ▁street ▁scenes ▁in |
▁an ▁Im pression ist ▁style . ▁She ▁exhib ited ▁work ▁at ▁the ▁Paris ▁Sal on ▁during ▁her ▁stay ▁in ▁France , ▁and ▁after ▁her ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁she ▁showed ▁at ▁the ▁American ▁Water color ▁Society , ▁the ▁Art ▁Club ▁of ▁Philadelphia , ▁and ▁elsewhere . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁her ▁port ra its ▁are ▁catalog ed ▁by ▁the ▁Catalogue ▁of ▁American ▁Port ra its ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Port rait ▁Gallery , ▁including ▁a ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁self - port rait ▁and ▁a ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁portrait ▁of ▁Ellen ▁Ax son ▁Wilson , ▁the ▁first ▁wife ▁of ▁President ▁Wood row ▁Wilson . ▁Her ▁portrait ▁of ▁judge ▁John ▁W . ▁R iel y ▁hang s ▁in ▁the ▁Virginia ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁and ▁her ▁portrait ▁of ▁Com mod ore ▁Matthew ▁Font aine ▁Ma ury ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁Im pression ist ▁pain ters ▁Category : American ▁women ▁pain ters ▁Category : Im pression ist ▁pain ters ▁Category : P ain ters ▁from ▁Virginia ▁Category : Art ists ▁from ▁Richmond , ▁Virginia ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁pain ters ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁women ▁artists ▁Category : Co oper ▁Union ▁al umn i ▁Category : Art ▁Stud ents ▁League ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁al umn i ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁Ac adémie ▁Julian ▁Category : Wik ipedia |
▁articles ▁incorpor ating ▁text ▁from ▁A ▁Woman ▁of ▁the ▁Century <0x0A> </s> ▁" P il ot " ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁TV ▁series , ▁Psych . ▁It ▁originally ▁a ired ▁on ▁USA ▁Network ▁on ▁July ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Sh awn ▁Sp encer ▁( James ▁Rod ay ) ▁has ▁never ▁kept ▁a ▁job ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 ▁months . ▁He ▁helps ▁the ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁Police ▁Department ▁prove ▁a ▁man ▁guilty , ▁using ▁his ▁keen ▁powers ▁of ▁observation ▁and ▁his ▁near ▁perfect ▁phot ographic ▁memory ▁he ▁obtained ▁as ▁a ▁kid . ▁Det ect ive ▁Carl ton ▁L ass iter ▁( Tim othy ▁Om und son ) ▁takes ▁Sh awn ▁into ▁question ing , ▁and ▁Sh awn ▁claims ▁to ▁have ▁obtained ▁the ▁information ▁psych ically . ▁The ▁police ▁let ▁him ▁go ▁with ▁no ▁proof ▁to ▁dis pro ve ▁the ▁claim . ▁On ▁his ▁way ▁out , ▁Sh awn ▁is ▁asked ▁for ▁help ▁by ▁Chief ▁Kar en ▁V ick ▁on ▁a ▁high - profile ▁kid n apping ▁case . ▁The ▁investigation ▁into ▁the ▁kid n apping ▁of ▁Cam den ▁Mc Call um , ▁sole ▁male ▁he ir ▁to ▁the ▁Mc Call um ▁fortune , ▁is ▁st alled . ▁She ▁bel ieves ▁Sh awn ' s ▁psych ic ▁powers ▁can ▁help ▁solve ▁the ▁case . ▁Sh awn ▁takes ▁advantage ▁of ▁this , ▁real izing ▁a ▁new ▁career ▁has ▁just ▁fallen ▁into ▁his ▁lap . ▁ ▁He ▁vis its ▁his ▁child hood ▁friend ▁Bur ton ▁" G us |
" ▁G uster ▁( D ul é ▁Hill ), ▁a ▁ph arma ce ut ical ▁representative . ▁Sh awn ▁dec ides ▁to ▁get ▁G us ▁involved . ▁G us ▁is ▁rel uct ant , ▁but ▁eventually ▁gets ▁involved ▁with ▁the ▁Mc Call um ▁case . ▁Sh awn ▁and ▁G us ▁find ▁out ▁that ▁about ▁ 1 8 ▁months ▁before , ▁Cam den ▁had ▁straight ened ▁up ▁his ▁usual ▁party ▁boy ▁act . ▁They ▁learn ▁Cam den ▁never ▁did ▁anything ▁without ▁his ▁dog , ▁and ▁he ▁disappeared ▁from ▁a ▁park ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁dog . ▁Sh awn ▁real izes ▁Cam den ▁wasn ' t ▁kid n apped , ▁he ▁disappeared . ▁Ex actly ▁ 1 8 ▁months ▁before , ▁Mr . ▁Mc Call um ▁threatened ▁to ▁cut ▁Cam den ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁inheritance ▁if ▁he ▁didn ' t ▁straight en ▁up . ▁Cam den ▁also ▁stopped ▁h anging ▁around ▁with ▁his ▁close ▁friend , ▁Mal col m ▁Or so . ▁Cam den ▁and ▁Mal col m ▁were ▁planning ▁a ▁r ans om . ▁ ▁Sh awn ▁and ▁G us ▁check ▁out ▁Or so ' s ▁cabin , ▁where ▁they ▁find ▁Cam den ' s ▁" missing " ▁dog . ▁Sh awn ▁goes ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁c ops ▁to ▁conv ince ▁them ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁psych ic ▁vision ▁of ▁Or so ' s ▁cabin . ▁The ▁police ▁go ▁inside ▁the ▁cabin ▁and ▁find ▁both ▁Cam den ▁and ▁Or so ▁dead ▁in ▁an ▁apparent ▁suic ide ▁murder ▁situation . ▁Sh awn ▁takes ▁a ▁quick ▁look ▁at |
▁the ▁room , ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁not ▁convinced . ▁Es pecially ▁because ▁Mr . ▁Mc Call um ▁had ▁a ▁cut ▁on ▁his ▁w rist ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁a ▁dog ▁b ite . ▁Sh awn ▁vis its ▁his ▁est r anged ▁father , ▁Henry ▁( Cor bin ▁Bern sen ). ▁Henry ▁says ▁Sh awn ' s ▁powers ▁are ▁getting ▁soft ▁and ▁he ' s ▁trust ing ▁people ▁he ▁shouldn ' t ▁be . ▁Sh awn ▁then ▁suspect s ▁Cam den ' s ▁sister , ▁Kat arina . ▁ ▁Kat arina ▁wasn ' t ▁involved , ▁but ▁her ▁bag ▁was . ▁At ▁one ▁time ▁it ▁had ▁to ▁have ▁carried ▁the ▁money . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁Mc Call ums ▁tried ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁r ans om , ▁but ▁something ▁must ▁have ▁gone ▁wrong . ▁Sh awn ▁and ▁G us ▁confirm ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁Mr . ▁Mc Call um ▁that ▁tried ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁r ans om . ▁Mc Call um ▁sees ▁Cam den ▁inside . ▁During ▁an ▁argument , ▁Cam den ▁fell ▁and ▁hit ▁his ▁head . ▁He ▁b led ▁to ▁death . ▁Or so ▁enters ▁and ▁Mc Call um ▁has ▁no ▁choice ▁but ▁to ▁shoot ▁him , ▁cover ▁his ▁tracks ▁and ▁make ▁it ▁look ▁like ▁Or so ▁murder ed ▁Cam den ▁then ▁committed ▁suic ide . ▁On ▁his ▁way ▁out , ▁Mc Call um ▁was ▁bit ten ▁by ▁Cam den ' s ▁angry ▁dog . ▁Sh awn ▁proves ▁himself ▁to ▁the ▁police ▁by ▁explaining ▁and ▁prov ing ▁a ▁" vision " ▁of ▁dog ▁b ite |
▁medic ation ▁in ▁Mc Call um ' s ▁medicine ▁cabinet ▁that ▁G us ▁actually ▁saw ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁going ▁to ▁the ▁bath room . ▁Mc Call um ▁is ▁arrested . ▁Sh awn ▁and ▁G us ▁have ▁solved ▁their ▁first ▁case ▁and ▁open ▁their ▁own ▁private ▁detect ive ▁ag ency , ▁Psych . ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁Con ception ▁and ▁development ▁After ▁successfully ▁pitch ing ▁the ▁film ▁Big ▁D addy ▁to ▁the ▁production ▁company ▁Columbia ▁Pictures , ▁the ▁film ' s ▁writer , ▁Steve ▁Fran ks ▁was ▁requested ▁by ▁Columbia ▁to ▁pitch ▁them ▁ideas ▁for ▁five ▁new ▁television ▁programs . ▁Among ▁the ▁ideas ▁Fran ks ▁pitch ed ▁was ▁the ▁original ▁outline ▁for ▁Psych . ▁Columbia ▁Pictures ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁idea ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁completely ▁rid icul ous , ▁so ▁Fran ks ▁forgot ▁about ▁it . ▁A ▁few ▁years ▁afterwards , ▁Steve ▁Fran ks ▁met ▁with ▁producer ▁Kelly ▁K ul ch ak , ▁asking ▁her ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁with ▁creating ▁a ▁one - hour - long ▁TV ▁series . ▁K ul ch ak ▁agreed , ▁and ▁Fran ks ▁presented ▁the ▁original ▁idea ▁he ▁had ▁for ▁Psych , ▁which ▁K ul ch ak ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁brilliant . ▁ ▁Fran ks ▁and ▁K ul ch ak ▁pitch ed ▁the ▁idea ▁to ▁numerous ▁TV ▁networks , ▁including ▁the ▁" Big ▁Three ". ▁K ul ch ak ▁stated ▁that ▁" it ▁was ▁a ▁great ▁pitch ▁and ▁that ▁everybody ▁laughed , ▁but ▁no ▁one ▁wanted ▁to ▁buy ▁it ". ▁K ul ch ak ▁attributed ▁this ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁show |
' s ▁comedy – d rama ▁format , ▁which ▁was ▁virt ually ▁un used ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁The ▁show ' s ▁produ cers ▁stated ▁that ▁Psych ' s ▁comedy - d rama ▁format ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁former ▁TV ▁series ' ▁Moon light ing ▁and ▁Rem ington ▁Ste ele , ▁of ▁which ▁cre ator ▁Steve ▁Fran ks ▁was ▁a ▁long time ▁fan . ▁The ▁final ▁network ▁Fran ks ▁and ▁K ul ch ak ▁pitch ed ▁the ▁show ▁to ▁was ▁USA ▁Network . ▁The ▁network ▁loved ▁the ▁concept , ▁and ▁decided ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁show . ▁However , ▁the ▁network ▁brought ▁in ▁other ▁writers ▁to ▁help ▁with ▁the ▁show , ▁which ▁Steve ▁Fran ks ▁was ▁unh appy ▁about , ▁as ▁he ▁originally ▁intended ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁show ▁entirely ▁himself . ▁ ▁USA ▁Network ▁first ▁announced ▁their ▁potential ▁broadcast ing ▁of ▁Psych ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁The ▁network ▁stated ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁requested ▁a ▁pilot ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁series , ▁to ▁be ▁managed ▁by ▁Tag line ▁Produ ctions . ▁The ▁original ▁working ▁name ▁for ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁" P s y che ". ▁By ▁August ▁ 3 0 , ▁James ▁Rod ay ▁and ▁D ul é ▁Hill ▁had ▁been ▁cast ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁show ' s ▁main ▁characters . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁production ▁for ▁the ▁show ' s ▁pilot ▁episode ▁would ▁begin ▁shortly , ▁and ▁the ▁episode ▁would ▁likely ▁air ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁On ▁January ▁ 5 , ▁ |
2 0 0 6 , ▁USA ▁announced ▁the ▁Ps y che ▁would ▁be ▁compet ing ▁against ▁In ▁P lain ▁S ight , ▁written ▁by ▁David ▁Map les , ▁and ▁Under fund ed , ▁written ▁by ▁David ▁Bre ck man , ▁for ▁air ▁time ▁and ▁broadcast ing ▁sl ots . ▁Later ▁in ▁January , ▁the ▁network ▁confirmed ▁that ▁the ▁pilot ▁episode ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁would ▁air ▁later ▁that ▁year . ▁They ▁also ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁show ' s ▁name ▁had ▁changed ▁to ▁Psych . ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁USA ▁Network ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁ordered ▁eleven ▁one - hour ▁episode ▁scripts ▁for ▁Psych . ▁They ▁confirmed ▁that ▁the ▁show ▁would ▁take ▁Mon k ' s ▁ 1 0 ▁p . m . ▁( E ST ) ▁Friday ▁night ▁time ▁slot , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁pilot ▁episode , ▁planned ▁to ▁be ▁two ▁hours ▁in ▁length , ▁would ▁be ▁broadcast ▁on ▁July ▁ 7 . ▁The ▁network ▁also ▁revealed ▁that ▁Cor bin ▁Bern sen ▁had ▁been ▁cast ▁as ▁another ▁of ▁the ▁show ' s ▁major ▁characters . ▁The ▁network ▁released , ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 7 , ▁that ▁film ing ▁for ▁the ▁pilot ▁episode , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁cut ▁to ▁ 9 0 ▁minutes ▁in ▁length , ▁had ▁begun ▁in ▁V ancouver , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁In ▁addition , ▁USA ▁Network ▁announced ▁that ▁Tim othy ▁Om und son ▁and ▁K irst en ▁Nelson ▁would ▁have ▁st arring ▁roles ▁in ▁the ▁episode . ▁ ▁Writing ▁The ▁episode ▁was ▁written |
▁by ▁Steve ▁Fran ks , ▁who ▁re used ▁much ▁material ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁pitch ▁to ▁USA ▁Network . ▁The ▁pitch ▁focused ▁on ▁a ▁man ▁who ▁would ▁call ▁in ▁crime - sol ving ▁tips ▁to ▁the ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁Police ▁Department ▁through ▁his ▁phot ographic ▁memory ▁and ▁un c anny ▁ability ▁to ▁notice ▁details . ▁It ▁followed ▁him ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁police , ▁talked ▁his ▁way ▁out ▁of ▁j ail , ▁and ▁solved ▁a ▁crime ▁for ▁the ▁police ▁department . ▁The ▁plot ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁later ▁changed ▁to ▁Sh awn ' s ▁fake ▁psych ic ▁ability ▁by ▁the ▁produ cers . ▁The ▁show ' s ▁intro duct ory ▁flash back ▁to ▁young ▁Sh awn ▁was ▁adapted ▁from ▁the ▁pitch , ▁in ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁install ment . ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁an ▁intro duct ory ▁flash back ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁almost ▁all ▁following ▁episodes . ▁Among ▁other ▁scenes ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁episode ▁was ▁a ▁confront ation ▁between ▁Sh awn ▁and ▁Henry ▁at ▁a ▁bar bec ue ▁restaurant , ▁which ▁was ▁added ▁by ▁Cor bin ▁Bern sen , ▁and ▁the ▁episode ' s ▁conclusion , ▁again ▁a ▁confront ation ▁between ▁Sh awn ▁and ▁Henry . ▁In ▁addition , ▁much ▁time ▁was ▁spent ▁revis ing ▁the ▁scene ▁of ▁the ▁arrest ▁of ▁Mr . ▁Mc Call um . ▁ ▁Lar ge ▁port ions ▁of ▁the ▁install ment ' s ▁dialog ue ▁were ▁impro vis ations ▁made ▁by ▁James ▁Rod ay . ▁Cre ator ▁Steve ▁Fran ks ▁stated ▁that |
▁" every thing ▁fun ny ▁that ▁you ▁heard ▁is ▁something ▁I ▁wrote . ▁I ▁wrote ▁everything ▁that ▁gets ▁a ▁laugh , ▁and ▁everything ▁that ▁fills ▁the ▁time ▁until ▁the ▁next ▁scene ▁is ▁all ▁James ". ▁Several ▁of ▁Rod ay ' s ▁impro vis ations ▁have ▁become ▁re occ urr ing ▁them es ▁on ▁the ▁show ; ▁Sh awn ' s ▁unusual ▁and ▁sp astic ▁" ps ych ic ▁episodes " ▁were ▁added ▁by ▁Rod ay , ▁and ▁was ▁kept ▁by ▁the ▁produ cers , ▁who ▁loved ▁the ▁idea . ▁Another ▁major ▁theme ▁that ▁was ▁created ▁through ▁Rod ay ' s ▁impro vis ing ▁was ▁the ▁inclusion ▁of ▁food ▁in ▁every ▁episode . ▁This ▁was ▁established ▁when ▁Rod ay ▁a te ▁pret z els ▁while ▁talking ▁to ▁G us ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁episode . ▁Also , ▁the ▁inclusion ▁of ▁a ▁p ine apple ▁in ▁nearly ▁every ▁episode ▁was ▁established ▁through ▁an ▁impro vised ▁scene ▁during ▁the ▁pilot . ▁In ▁addition , ▁large ▁amounts ▁of ▁dialog ue ▁were ▁removed ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁using ▁visual ▁elements ▁and ▁fa cial ▁expressions . ▁ ▁Several ▁scenes ▁were ▁deleted ▁from ▁the ▁episode , ▁generally ▁because ▁the ▁produ cers ▁felt ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁necessary . ▁A ▁short ▁scene ▁about ▁Chief ▁V ick ' s ▁pre gn ancy ▁was ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁install ment ▁because ▁it ▁was ▁de emed ▁to ▁be ▁irrelevant ▁to ▁the ▁episode ' s ▁plot . ▁M ention ▁of ▁the ▁chief ' s ▁pre gn ancy ▁was ▁not ▁made ▁until ▁it ▁was ▁time ▁for ▁her |
▁to ▁give ▁birth . ▁A ▁scene ▁about ▁Sh awn ▁hook ing ▁up ▁with ▁Kat arina ▁and ▁then ▁gather ing ▁evidence ▁from ▁her ▁was ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁episode , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁several ▁smaller ▁scenes . ▁ ▁Fil ming ▁ ▁Cre ator ▁Steve ▁Fran ks ▁wanted ▁to ▁set ▁Psych ▁in ▁a ▁city ▁that ▁reflected ▁the ▁show ' s ▁person ality . ▁Fran ks ▁knew ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁want ▁the ▁show ▁to ▁be ▁set ▁in ▁a ▁big ▁city ▁atmosphere . ▁While ▁developing ▁Psych , ▁Fran ks ▁visited ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁while ▁on ▁his ▁h one ym oon . ▁He ▁felt ▁that ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁was ▁the ▁perfect ▁place ▁to ▁set ▁the ▁show , ▁but ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁be ▁unable ▁to ▁film ▁the ▁show ▁there . ▁Executive ▁producer ▁Mel ▁Dam ski ▁commented ▁the ▁film ing ▁of ▁the ▁show , ▁that ▁“ We ▁wanted ▁to ▁set ▁and ▁film ▁it ▁in ▁Santa ▁Barbara , ▁but ▁the ▁area ▁doesn ’ t ▁really ▁have ▁enough ▁crew members ”. ▁After ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁approved , ▁Fran ks ▁began ▁looking ▁for ▁places ▁to ▁film , ▁sett ling ▁for ▁V ancouver , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁He ▁felt ▁that ▁V ancouver ▁was ▁" the ▁next ▁best ▁location " ▁to ▁Santa ▁Barbara . ▁ ▁Although ▁Fran ks ▁chose ▁to ▁film ▁the ▁show ▁in ▁V ancouver , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁is ▁fil med ▁in ▁the ▁surrounding ▁communities . ▁Appro xim ately ▁ 4 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁pilot ▁was ▁fil med ▁in ▁the ▁V ancouver ▁sub urb ▁of ▁White ▁Rock , ▁including ▁most ▁scenes ▁foc using |
▁on ▁coast al ▁areas . ▁Several ▁other ▁scenes ▁were ▁fil med ▁in ▁regional ▁mountains . ▁The ▁entire ▁episode ▁was ▁fil med ▁in ▁real - life ▁locations , ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁sets ▁used ▁for ▁every ▁episode ▁since . ▁The ▁show ▁had ▁to ▁use ▁real ▁locations ▁due ▁to ▁uncertainty ▁on ▁whether ▁the ▁show ▁would ▁succeed . ▁Not ▁being ▁able ▁to ▁use ▁a ▁stage ▁for ▁film ing ▁created ▁several ▁issues ▁in ▁the ▁episode . ▁ ▁The ▁install ment ' s ▁opening ▁flash back ▁was ▁fil med ▁at ▁a ▁V ancouver ▁din er . ▁The ▁small ▁dimensions ▁of ▁the ▁din er ▁forced ▁the ▁film ing ▁crew ▁to ▁alter ▁the ▁angle ▁of ▁the ▁scene . ▁The ▁entire ▁episode ▁was ▁fil med ▁during ▁November ▁and ▁December , ▁and ▁cold ▁temper atures ▁affected ▁film ing . ▁Produ cers ▁commented ▁on ▁how ▁the ▁temperature ▁was ▁usually ▁between ▁ 1 ° C ▁and ▁ 4 ° C ▁( 3 3 . 8 ° F – 3 9 . 2 ° F ). ▁Most ▁scenes ▁involving ▁the ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁police ▁department ▁were ▁fil med ▁in ▁a ▁working ▁youth ▁host el , ▁H I ▁V ancouver ▁Jer ich o ▁Beach , ▁which ▁was ▁earlier ▁used ▁as ▁an ▁army ▁bar ra cks . ▁However , ▁one ▁scene ▁was ▁fil med ▁in ▁a ▁" ha unted " ▁ins ane ▁as yl um , ▁which ▁later ▁inspired ▁the ▁first - season ▁finale ▁" Sc ary ▁Sher ry : ▁Bian ca ' s ▁Toast ". ▁Rain ▁also ▁tam per ed ▁with ▁film ing ▁of ▁the ▁episode |
. ▁Several ▁out door ▁scenes ▁in ▁the ▁episode ▁were ▁fil med ▁in ▁heavy ▁rain , ▁and ▁forced ▁the ▁crew ▁to ▁use ▁tar ps ▁and ▁additional ▁sound ▁equipment . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁environmental ▁differences ▁between ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁and ▁V ancouver , ▁the ▁crew ▁had ▁to ▁use ▁several ▁different ▁props ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁install ment ▁seem ▁bel iev able . ▁The ▁produ cers ▁brought ▁in ▁fake ▁pal m ▁trees , ▁sur f boards , ▁and ▁Southern ▁California ▁newsp apers ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁make ▁White ▁Rock ▁seem ▁like ▁Santa ▁Barbara . ▁Produ cers ▁commented ▁on ▁how ▁they ▁made ▁many ▁mistakes ▁in ▁writing ▁the ▁episode . ▁Steve ▁Fran ks ▁acknowled ged ▁that ▁" with in ▁the ▁first ▁ 6 ▁seconds ▁of ▁the ▁show , ▁we ▁made ▁a ▁mistake ". ▁The ▁install ment ' s ▁murder ▁scene ▁was ▁considered ▁by ▁the ▁produ cers ▁to ▁be ▁" the ▁most ▁gru esome ▁thing ▁we ' ve ▁ever ▁done ▁on ▁the ▁show ". ▁ ▁Re ception ▁I GN ▁gave ▁the ▁episode ▁a ▁favor able ▁review , ▁saying ▁that ▁although ▁the ▁ 9 0 - min ute ▁episode ▁" drag s ▁on ▁a ▁bit ▁longer ▁than ▁it ▁needs ▁to " ▁it ▁" certain ly ▁has ▁the ▁mak ings ▁of ▁a ▁fun ▁and ▁diver ting ▁series ." ▁Richard ▁K eller ▁of ▁TV S quad . com ▁had ▁a ▁few ▁issues ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁episodes ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁location ▁and ▁the ▁under util ization ▁of ▁D ule ▁Hill , ▁other ▁than ▁that ▁he ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁show ' s ▁concept ▁" works ▁well ; |
▁even ▁better ▁than ▁Mon k ▁in ▁many ▁respect s ". ▁On ▁other ▁hand , ▁Pe op les ▁Tom ▁Gli atto ▁declared ▁" Un like ▁Mon k , ▁a ▁g ently ▁com ic ▁character ▁cop ing ▁with ▁mental ▁ill ness , ▁Rod ay ' s ▁just ▁an ▁over g rown ▁kid . ▁Who ▁needs ▁him ?" ▁ ▁References ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : P s ych ▁episodes ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁American ▁television ▁episodes ▁Psych <0x0A> </s> ▁Know bury ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁near ▁Lud low ▁in ▁Sh ro pshire , ▁England . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁civil ▁parish ▁of ▁C ay n ham . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁near ▁to ▁C lee ▁Hill ▁Village ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁part - time ▁Post ▁Office ▁- ▁now ▁closed . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁two ▁adjacent ▁public ▁houses ▁in ▁the ▁village , ▁on ▁Hope ▁Bag ot ▁Lane ▁- ▁the ▁Pen ny ▁Black , ▁and ▁the ▁Ben nett ' s ▁End . ▁The ▁Pen ny ▁Black ▁is ▁now ▁closed , ▁though ▁the ▁Ben nett ' s ▁End ▁continues ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁pub . ▁ ▁The ▁El an ▁aqu ed uct ▁passes ▁through ▁the ▁area ▁and ▁cross es ▁the ▁Col ly ▁Brook ▁valley ▁( including ▁C umber ley ▁Lane ) ▁on ▁the ▁impress ive ▁Ben nett ' s ▁End ▁Aqu ed uct . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ed ▁buildings ▁in ▁C ay n ham ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Sh ro pshire <0x0A> </s> ▁Black ▁Rock ▁is ▁a |
▁novel ▁by ▁Steve ▁Harris ▁published ▁by ▁Victor ▁G oll an cz ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁summary ▁Black ▁Rock ▁features ▁a ▁ha unted ▁house ▁near ▁T int ag el ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁coast ▁of ▁Corn wall . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Jonathan ▁Pal mer ▁review ed ▁Black ▁Rock ▁for ▁Arc ane ▁magazine , ▁rating ▁it ▁a ▁ 7 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁overall . ▁Pal mer ▁comments ▁that ▁" Black ▁Rock ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁master pie ce ; ▁the ▁characters ▁fl atten ▁out ▁as ▁the ▁plot ▁develop s ▁and ▁I ▁lost ▁interest ▁in ▁their ▁fate ; ▁but ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁good ▁book . ▁When ▁Steve ▁Harris ▁master s ▁combining ▁good ▁plots ▁with ▁convin cing ▁character isation , ▁he ' ll ▁write ▁some ▁better ▁books . ▁He ▁just ▁hasn ' t ▁quite ▁perfect ed ▁his ▁craft ▁yet ." ▁ ▁Re views ▁Review ▁by ▁Sebastian ▁Phill ips ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁in ▁Vector ▁ 1 9 0 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁nov els <0x0A> </s> ▁Live ▁in ▁the ▁Heart ▁of ▁Hels ink i ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁live ▁album ▁and ▁video ▁by ▁Swedish ▁mel od ic ▁death ▁metal ▁band ▁So il work . ▁It ▁was ▁recorded ▁live ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁at ▁the ▁Circ us ▁in ▁Hels ink i , ▁Finland . ▁The ▁DVD ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁J ou ni ▁Mark kan en , ▁directed ▁by ▁Ville ▁Lip i ä inen ▁and ▁mixed ▁by ▁Kim mo ▁Ah ola |
. ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 CD + D VD ▁and ▁ 2 CD + BD ▁formats . ▁ ▁Background ▁Band ▁front man ▁B jör n ▁" Speed " ▁Str id ▁commented ▁on ▁the ▁release ▁saying : ▁" There ▁could ' ve ▁not ▁been ▁a ▁better ▁time ▁than ▁now , ▁with ▁ 1 0 ▁albums ▁out ▁and ▁a ▁very ▁varied ▁back ▁catalog ue ▁to ▁choose ▁from . ▁Our ▁line ▁up ▁now ▁is ▁ 5 0 ▁% ▁original ▁members ▁and ▁ 5 0 ▁% ▁fresh ▁blood , ▁which ▁makes ▁it ▁all ▁more ▁interesting . ▁Es pecially ▁since ▁the ▁new est ▁members ▁have ▁brought ▁so ▁much ▁to ▁our ▁sound ▁and ▁have ▁continued ▁to ▁insp ire ▁us ▁to ▁write ▁new ▁and ▁exc iting ▁music ▁and ▁also ▁brought ▁a ▁new ▁found ▁energy ▁on ▁stage . ▁Now ▁is ▁definitely ▁the ▁time ▁to ▁see ▁us . ▁Trust ▁me ." ▁ ▁Bon us ▁features ▁on ▁the ▁DVD / BD ▁include ▁two ▁document aries ▁(" S pect rum ▁of ▁E tern ity : ▁A ▁Br ief ▁History ▁of ▁So il work " ▁and ▁" Be hind ▁the ▁Sc enes ▁of ▁the ▁Living ▁In finite ") ▁and ▁four ▁drum cam ▁videos . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁▁ ▁B jör n ▁Str id ▁– ▁vocals ▁ ▁David ▁Anders son ▁– ▁guitar ▁ ▁Syl v ain ▁C oud ret ▁– ▁guitar ▁ ▁S ven ▁Karl sson ▁– ▁key boards ▁ ▁O la ▁F link ▁– ▁bass , ▁Back ing ▁ ▁V oc als ▁ ▁D irk ▁Ver be uren ▁– ▁drums |
▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁live ▁albums ▁Category : So il work ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁AG H ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁( Pol ish ▁Akadem ia ▁G ór nic zo - H ut nic za ▁im . ▁Stanisław a ▁St asz ica ) ▁is ▁a ▁technical ▁university ▁in ▁Poland , ▁located ▁in ▁Krak ów . ▁The ▁university ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁and ▁was ▁formerly ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁M ining ▁and ▁Met all ur gy . ▁It ▁has ▁ 1 5 ▁fac ult ies ▁and ▁one ▁school , ▁which ▁will ▁become ▁a ▁fac ulty ▁in ▁the ▁near ▁future . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁conference ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁min ers ▁and ▁met all urg ists ▁held ▁in ▁Krak ów ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁a ▁resolution ▁was ▁passed ▁indicating ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁the ▁university ▁of ▁min ing . ▁A ▁campaign ▁of ▁support ▁was ▁started ▁in ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Austria - H ung ary . ▁The ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Public ▁Works ▁agreed ▁to ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁the ▁Organ izing ▁Committee ▁was ▁appointed ▁and ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁M ining ▁was ▁officially ▁established . ▁The ▁building ▁site ▁was ▁chosen ▁and ▁the ▁competition ▁for ▁the ▁architect ural ▁designs ▁announced . ▁ ▁The ▁Academy ▁opened ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁in |
▁the ▁so ver eign ▁Polish ▁Second ▁Republic . ▁Initial ly ▁ 8 0 ▁students ▁began ▁their ▁education ▁at ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁Fac ulty . ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Met all ur gy ▁was ▁added ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁the ▁Academy ▁had ▁approximately ▁ 6 0 0 ▁students ▁and ▁ 3 0 ▁profess ors . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 7 9 7 ▁min ing ▁and ▁met all ur gy ▁engine ers ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Academy , ▁and ▁about ▁ 1 0 0 ▁foreign ▁diplom as ▁were ▁officially ▁recognized . ▁The ▁gradu ates ▁took ▁up ▁senior ▁posts ▁in ▁the ▁Polish ▁industry , ▁particularly ▁in ▁Upper ▁S iles ia ▁and ▁other ▁industrial ▁cent res . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁on set ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁during ▁Son der akt ion ▁Krak au , ▁ 2 2 ▁Academy ▁profess ors ▁and ▁assistant ▁profess ors ▁were ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁authorities ▁and ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Sachsen hausen ▁concentration ▁camp . ▁The ▁main ▁building ▁was ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁occupied ▁Polish ▁territory . ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁however , ▁retained ▁its ▁status ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁centre ▁for ▁under ground ▁teaching , ▁vital ▁for ▁the ▁Academy ' s ▁future . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁war , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁profess ors , ▁staff ▁members ▁and ▁students ▁rec laimed ▁the ▁ru ined ▁main ▁building ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁and ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 0 ▁students ▁began ▁their |
▁courses . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁new ▁fac ult ies ▁were ▁opened : ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ge ology ▁and ▁Sur ve ying , ▁and ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Cer am ics , ▁bro aden ing ▁the ▁Academy ' s ▁programme . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁the ▁Academy ▁was ▁renamed ▁as ▁the ▁Academy ▁( l ater ▁University ) ▁of ▁M ining ▁and ▁Met all ur gy . ▁ ▁Under ▁St alin ism ▁and ▁until ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁the ▁Academy ▁enjoyed ▁certain ▁fre ed oms ▁with ▁its ▁authorities ▁still ▁elected . ▁After wards , ▁the ▁aut onomy ▁and ▁elections ▁were ▁susp ended ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 ▁years . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁the ▁university ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁Stanisław ▁St asz ic ▁Academy ▁of ▁M ining ▁and ▁Met all ur gy . ▁▁ ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁students ▁went ▁up ▁from ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 3 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁the ▁period ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 8 0 - year ▁period ▁( except ▁for ▁the ▁war ▁years ), ▁ 7 3 , 0 8 5 ▁students ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁with ▁master ' s ▁or ▁engineer ' s ▁degrees . ▁ 3 , 6 0 7 ▁persons ▁were ▁granted ▁the ▁degree ▁of ▁Doctor ▁of ▁Science , ▁ 8 9 6 ▁successfully ▁completed ▁post do ctor al ▁qual ifications ▁of ▁H abil itated ▁Doctor . ▁The ▁AG |
H - UST ▁research ers ▁published ▁nearly ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁papers ▁and ▁books . ▁ ▁Fac ult ies ▁▁▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁M ining ▁and ▁Ge o engine ering ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Met als ▁Engineering ▁and ▁Indust rial ▁Computer ▁Science ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Elect rical ▁Engineering , ▁Autom at ics , ▁Computer ▁Science ▁and ▁Engineering ▁in ▁Bi om edic ine ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Mechan ical ▁Engineering ▁and ▁Rob ot ics ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ge ology , ▁Ge oph ys ics ▁and ▁Environment al ▁Prote ction ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁M ining ▁Sur ve ying ▁and ▁Environment al ▁Engineering ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Material s ▁Science ▁and ▁Cer am ics ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Found ry ▁Engineering ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Non - F err ous ▁Met als ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Dr illing , ▁O il ▁and ▁Gas ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Management ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Fu els ▁and ▁Energy ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Physics ▁and ▁App lied ▁Computer ▁Science ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁App lied ▁Mathemat ics ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Human ities ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Computer ▁Science , ▁Electron ics ▁and ▁Tele communic ations ▁ ▁Rank ings ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁most ▁recognized ▁Polish ▁university ▁ranking ▁conducted ▁by ▁R zec z pos pol ita ▁and ▁educational ▁magazine ▁Pers pe k ty wy ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁AG H ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁the ▁fourth ▁best ▁university ▁in ▁Poland ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁best ▁technical ▁one . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁survey ▁conducted |
▁by ▁the ▁Polish ▁edition ▁of ▁News week ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁AG H ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁the ▁third ▁best ▁technical ▁university ▁in ▁Poland ▁and ▁the ▁fourth ▁best ▁among ▁all ▁Polish ▁univers ities . ▁ ▁The ▁amb ition ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁is ▁to ▁enable ▁its ▁students ▁to ▁gain ▁knowledge ▁at ▁the ▁mean ▁level , ▁recognized ▁in ▁Poland . ▁For ▁this ▁purpose , ▁the ▁following ▁steps ▁have ▁been ▁introduced : ▁intens ified ▁learning ▁of ▁foreign ▁languages , ▁integrated ▁studies ▁with ▁a ▁double ▁di pl oma ▁( AG H ▁and ▁a ▁university ▁abroad ), ▁a ▁possibility ▁of ▁holding ▁practical ▁training ▁abroad , ▁and ▁individual ▁tail oring ▁of ▁sy ll ab uses . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁the ▁Academ ic ▁Rank ing ▁of ▁World ▁Univers ities ▁( A WR U ) ▁placed ▁the ▁university ▁within ▁the ▁ 6 0 1 – 7 0 0 ▁band ▁glob ally . ▁ ▁Notable ▁al umn i ▁▁▁ ▁And r zej ▁C zer wi ński ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 4 ), ▁politician ▁ ▁Adam ▁D z iew ons ki ▁( 1 9 3 6 – 2 0 1 6 ), ▁Polish - American ▁ge oph ys ic ist , ▁Professor ▁at ▁Harvard ▁University ▁▁ ▁Aleks ander ▁Grad ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 6 2 ), ▁politician , ▁former ▁Minister ▁of ▁State ▁Tre as ury ▁ ▁Jan usz ▁Filip iak ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 2 ), ▁computer ▁scient ist , ▁business man , |
▁founder ▁of ▁Com arch ▁ ▁And r zej ▁J aj sz czy k ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 2 ), ▁scient ist , ▁academic ▁ ▁W lad ys law ▁L izon ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 4 ), ▁Canadian ▁politician , ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁of ▁Canada ▁ ▁Jer zy ▁Miller ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 2 ), ▁politician , ▁former ▁Minister ▁of ▁Inter ior ▁Affairs ▁of ▁Poland ▁ ▁J ace k ▁R ut kow ski ▁( 1 9 3 4 – 2 0 1 6 ), ▁ge ologist ▁▁ ▁Mare k ▁Si wie c ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 5 ), ▁politician , ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁Parliament , ▁former ▁Chief ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁National ▁Security ▁Bureau ▁ ▁Pi otr ▁U sz ok ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 5 ), ▁politician , ▁former ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Kat ow ice ▁ ▁Herbert ▁W irth ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 6 ), ▁engineer , ▁ge ologist , ▁former ▁CE O ▁of ▁K G H M ▁Company ▁ ▁Wik tor ▁Z in ▁( 1 9 2 5 – 2 0 0 7 ), ▁architect , ▁graph ic ▁artist ▁ ▁Mar ius z ▁Z ió ł ko ▁( 1 9 4 6 ), ▁math ematic ian , ▁engineer ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁AG H ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology , ▁home page ▁▁▁ ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁Category : |
1 9 1 9 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Poland <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁August us ▁' B ill ' ▁Bat eman ▁( 1 1 ▁September ▁ 1 8 6 6 ▁– ▁ 2 7 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁business man , ▁an ▁Australian ▁sports man ▁who ▁played ▁first - class ▁cr icket ▁for ▁Western ▁Australia ▁and ▁Australian ▁rules ▁football ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁Australian ▁Football ▁Association ▁( WA FA ). ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁captain ▁of ▁the ▁Sw ans ▁Football ▁Club ▁- ▁the ▁first ▁Australian ▁R ules ▁Football ▁team ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia . ▁He ▁came ▁from ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ing ▁families ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia ▁and ▁his ▁grand son ▁Alan ▁Bat eman ▁created ▁the ▁TV ▁soap ▁Home ▁and ▁A way . ▁ ▁Life ▁Bat eman ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁F rem ant le ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 . ▁He ▁worked ▁for ▁J ▁& ▁W ▁Bat eman ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁general ▁supply ▁company ▁created ▁by ▁his ▁father ▁John ▁Bat eman ▁( 1 8 2 4 – 1 9 0 9 ) ▁and ▁his ▁uncle , ▁Walter ▁Bat eman , ▁six ▁years ▁before ▁this ▁Bat eman ▁was ▁born . ▁Bat eman ▁was ▁desc ended ▁from ▁John ▁Bat eman ▁( 1 7 8 9 – 1 8 5 5 ) ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁here ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁only ▁a ▁year ▁after ▁the ▁col ony ▁was ▁founded . ▁ ▁Bat eman ▁took ▁a ▁leading ▁role ▁in ▁establish ing ▁Australian ▁rules ▁football ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia . ▁A ▁key ▁meeting ▁was ▁held ▁at ▁Fl |
ind ells ▁Hotel ▁in ▁F rem ant le ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁when ▁a ▁new ▁football ▁club ▁was ▁formed ▁with ▁Bat eman ▁as ▁captain ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁Australian ▁game . ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁March ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁the ▁Sw ans ▁Football ▁Club ▁was ▁formed ▁which ▁had ▁to ▁organ ise ▁games ▁where ▁possible ▁as ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁league ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁ ▁Although ▁educated ▁at ▁Prince ▁Alfred ▁College ▁in ▁Ad ela ide , ▁Bat eman ▁played ▁his ▁two ▁first - class ▁matches ▁for ▁Western ▁Australia , ▁debut ing ▁against ▁his ▁former ▁state ▁at ▁the ▁Ad ela ide ▁O val ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 8 9 3 . ▁He ▁dismiss ed ▁op ener ▁Alfred ▁Wil kin son ▁for ▁ 1 2 ▁and ▁bow led ▁future ▁Test ▁player ▁C lem ▁Hill ▁for ▁a ▁du ck ▁with ▁the ▁ball ▁and ▁was ▁then ▁his ▁team ' s ▁second ▁top ▁run ▁sc orer ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁inn ings ▁with ▁ 2 0 ▁before ▁Er nie ▁Jones ▁tra pped ▁him ▁leg ▁before ▁w icket . ▁Western ▁Australia ▁followed ▁on ▁and ▁Bat eman ▁was ▁dismiss ed ▁for ▁just ▁one ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁inn ings . ▁A ▁few ▁days ▁later ▁he ▁appeared ▁again ▁in ▁a ▁match ▁against ▁Victoria ▁at ▁the ▁Melbourne ▁Cr icket ▁Gr ound . ▁He ▁strugg led ▁to ▁have ▁an ▁impact ▁as ▁he ▁failed ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁w icket ▁and ▁scored ▁a ▁du ck ▁in ▁his ▁only ▁inn ings . ▁Bat eman ▁didn ' t ▁get ▁an ▁opportunity ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁inn ings ▁as |
▁he ▁was ▁absent ▁hurt . ▁ ▁Bat eman ▁became ▁an ▁influ ential ▁Australian ▁rules ▁football ▁identity ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia . ▁He ▁spent ▁ 1 0 ▁seasons ▁in ▁the ▁W A FA , ▁playing ▁in ▁an ▁un pre ced ented ▁eight ▁premiers hips . ▁As ▁their ▁inaug ural ▁captain , ▁Bat eman ▁started ▁out ▁at ▁the ▁original ▁F rem ant le ▁Football ▁Club ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 5 . ▁Two ▁years ▁later ▁they ▁dis band ed ▁and ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Un ions ▁Football ▁Club , ▁who ▁found ▁themselves ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁F rem ant le ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 0 . ▁ ▁Bat eman ▁married ▁and ▁had ▁five ▁children . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁Saturday ▁ 2 7 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁at ▁his ▁home ▁in ▁Bull s ▁Creek ▁in ▁Per th . ▁He ▁was ▁induct ed ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁initial ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Australian ▁Football ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁Bat eman ' s ▁grand son ▁Alan ▁Bat eman ▁was ▁a ▁TV ▁executive ▁who ▁started ▁the ▁TV ▁soap ▁Home ▁and ▁A way . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia ▁first - class ▁cr ick eters ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁C ric info : ▁William ▁Bat eman ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Austral ian ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : West ern ▁Australia ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : C rick eters ▁from ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : |
Austral ian ▁rules ▁football ers ▁from ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : F rem ant le ▁Football ▁Club ▁( 1 8 8 2 – 1 8 8 6 ) ▁players ▁Category : West ▁Australian ▁Football ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁induct ees ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁F rem ant le ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Prince ▁Alfred ▁College <0x0A> </s> ▁Rob yn ▁A ins worth ▁( born ▁Rob yn ▁Perry ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 2 - year - old ▁school g irl ▁and ▁figure ▁sk ater ▁who ▁lit ▁the ▁Olympic ▁Fl ame ▁in ▁the ▁opening ▁ceremony ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Winter ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Biography ▁On ▁Feb . ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁final ▁runner ▁in ▁the ▁Olympic ▁tor ch ▁relay ▁and ▁was ▁chosen ▁to ▁ign ite ▁the ▁giant ▁ca uld ron ▁at ▁Mc M ah on ▁Stadium , ▁kick ing ▁off ▁the ▁Cal g ary ▁Winter ▁Olympics . ▁Down hill ▁sk ier ▁Ken ▁Read ▁and ▁speed ▁sk ater ▁C ath y ▁Pri est ner ▁handed ▁off ▁the ▁tor ch ▁to ▁her . ▁During ▁the ▁as cent , ▁Perry ▁had ▁to ▁y ell ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁athlet es ▁to ▁get ▁out ▁of ▁her ▁way . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁website , ▁Perry ▁stated ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁many ▁amaz ing ▁experiences ▁because ▁of ▁this . ▁Perry ▁now ▁direct s ▁We ▁Care ▁Home ▁Health ▁Services ▁in ▁North ▁Cal g |
ary . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁ca uld ron ▁l igh ters ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Cal g ary <0x0A> </s> ▁Marcus ▁Anton ius ▁P ole mon ▁P yth odor os , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁of ▁Pont us ▁and ▁P ole mon ▁of ▁C il icia ▁( ; ▁ 1 2 ▁BC / 1 1 ▁BC – 7 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁prince ▁of ▁the ▁Bos por an , ▁Pont us , ▁C il icia ▁and ▁C app ad ocia . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁Roman ▁Client ▁King ▁of ▁Pont us , ▁Col ch is ▁and ▁C il icia . ▁ ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁son ▁and ▁middle ▁child ▁of ▁the ▁Pont ic ▁R ul ers ▁P ole mon ▁P yth odor os ▁and ▁P yth odor ida ▁of ▁Pont us . ▁His ▁el dest ▁brother ▁was ▁Z en on , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Ar tax ias ▁III , ▁who ▁was ▁Roman ▁Client ▁King ▁of ▁Armen ia ▁and ▁his ▁young est ▁sister ▁was ▁Anton ia ▁Try pha ena , ▁who ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Cot ys ▁VIII , ▁King ▁of ▁Th race . ▁ ▁Family ▁ ▁The ▁Pont ic ▁royal ▁family ▁was ▁of ▁mixed ▁An atol ian ▁Greek ▁and ▁Roman ▁origin . ▁His ▁pat ernal ▁grand m other ▁is ▁unknown ; ▁however ▁his ▁pat ernal ▁grand m other ▁could ▁have ▁been ▁named ▁Try pha ena , |
▁while ▁his ▁pat ernal ▁grand father ▁was ▁Z en on , ▁a ▁prominent ▁or ator ▁and ▁arist ocrat , ▁who ▁was ▁an ▁al ly ▁to ▁Roman ▁Tri um vir ▁Mark ▁Anton y . ▁His ▁mat ernal ▁grand par ents ▁were ▁P yth odor os ▁of ▁Tr alles , ▁a ▁wealth y ▁Greek ▁and ▁friend ▁of ▁Pom pe y , ▁and ▁Anton ia . ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁was ▁the ▁names ake ▁of ▁his ▁parents ▁and ▁his ▁mat ernal ▁grand par ents . ▁ ▁Through ▁his ▁mat ernal ▁grand m other ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁direct ▁desc endant ▁of ▁Mark ▁Anton y ▁and ▁his ▁second ▁wife ▁Anton ia ▁Hy br ida ▁Minor . ▁Anton y ▁and ▁Anton ia ▁Hy br ida ▁were ▁first ▁pat ernal ▁c ous ins . ▁He ▁was ▁Anton y ' s ▁second ▁born ▁great ▁grand son ▁and ▁great ▁grand child . ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁known ▁male ▁desc endant ▁of ▁Mark ▁Anton y ▁that ▁car ries ▁his ▁name . ▁The ▁other ▁male ▁desc endant ▁of ▁Mark ▁Anton y ▁who ▁car ries ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁his ▁name ▁Anton ius ▁was ▁the ▁cons ul ▁Quint us ▁H ater ius ▁Anton inus . ▁Through ▁Anton y , ▁his ▁great ▁mat ernal ▁a unt ▁was ▁Queen ▁Cle op atra ▁Sel ene ▁II ▁of ▁Ma ure t ania . ▁Through ▁Anton y , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁distant ▁cousin ▁to ▁Roman ▁Client ▁King ▁P to le my ▁of ▁Ma ure t ania ▁and ▁the ▁prin cess es ▁named ▁Dr us illa ▁of ▁Ma ure |
t ania . ▁Through ▁Anton y , ▁he ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁distant ▁cousin ▁to ▁Roman ▁em per ors ▁Cal ig ula , ▁Claud ius ▁and ▁N ero ▁and ▁Roman ▁em press es ▁Val eria ▁Mess al ina , ▁Ag ri pp ina ▁the ▁Young er ▁and ▁Claud ia ▁Oct avia . ▁ ▁Re ign ▁ ▁P ole mon ▁II ' s ▁father ▁died ▁in ▁ 8 ▁BC . ▁His ▁mother ▁then ▁married ▁King ▁Arch el aus ▁of ▁C app ad ocia , ▁and ▁the ▁family ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁C app ad ocia , ▁where ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁was ▁raised , ▁along ▁with ▁his ▁sib lings , ▁at ▁the ▁court ▁of ▁his ▁step father . ▁Arch el aus ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 7 , ▁where up on ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁and ▁his ▁mother ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁Pont us . ▁From ▁ 1 7 ▁until ▁ 3 8 , ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁lived ▁as ▁a ▁private ▁citiz en ▁in ▁Pont us ▁and ▁assist ed ▁his ▁mother ▁in ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁their ▁real m . ▁When ▁his ▁mother ▁died ▁in ▁ 3 8 , ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁succeeded ▁his ▁mother ▁as ▁the ▁sole ▁r uler ▁of ▁Pont us , ▁Col ch is ▁and ▁C il icia . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁an ▁honor ary ▁ins cription ▁at ▁Cy z icus ▁in ▁ 3 8 , ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁participated ▁in ▁celebr ating ▁the ▁local ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁city , ▁hon oring ▁Julia ▁Dr us illa , ▁the ▁late ▁sister ▁of ▁Cal ig |
ula ; ▁in ▁this ▁way ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁expressed ▁his ▁loyal ty ▁to ▁the ▁em peror ▁and ▁the ▁Roman ▁state . ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁with ▁another ▁Roman ▁Client ▁King ▁Ant io chus ▁IV ▁of ▁Comm ag ene , ▁held ▁athlet ic ▁games ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁Claud ius ▁in ▁C il icia ▁in ▁ 4 7 . ▁Ant io chus ▁IV ▁with ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁had ▁showed ▁favor ▁towards ▁Claud ius ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁offered ▁significant ▁services ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁Mar ri ages ▁ ▁Ar ound ▁ 5 0 , ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁was ▁attract ed ▁to ▁the ▁wealth ▁and ▁beauty ▁of ▁the ▁J ude an ▁prin cess ▁Julia ▁Ber en ice , ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁met ▁in ▁T iber ias ▁during ▁a ▁visit ▁to ▁King ▁Her od ▁Ag ri ppa ▁I . ▁Ber en ice ▁in ▁turn ▁wanted ▁to ▁marry ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁to ▁end ▁rum ors ▁that ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁brother ▁were ▁comm itting ▁inc est . ▁Ber en ice ▁was ▁previously ▁wid owed ▁in ▁ 4 8 ▁when ▁her ▁second ▁husband , ▁her ▁pat ernal ▁uncle ▁Her od ▁of ▁Chal cis , ▁died . ▁She ▁had ▁two ▁sons ▁by ▁him , ▁Ber en ician us ▁and ▁Hy rc anus . ▁Ber en ice ▁however ▁set ▁the ▁condition ▁that ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁had ▁to ▁convert ▁to ▁J uda ism , ▁which ▁included ▁under going ▁the ▁r ite ▁of ▁circum c ision , ▁before ▁marriage . ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁ass ented , ▁and ▁the ▁marriage |
▁went ▁ahead . ▁It ▁did ▁not ▁last ▁long ▁however , ▁and ▁Ber en ice ▁left ▁Pont us ▁with ▁her ▁sons ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁court ▁of ▁her ▁brother . ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁abandoned ▁J uda ism ▁and , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁legend ▁of ▁Bar th ol ome w ▁the ▁Apost le , ▁he ▁accepted ▁Christian ity , ▁but ▁only ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁pag an ▁again . ▁ ▁At ▁an ▁unknown ▁date ▁perhaps ▁after ▁the ▁early ▁ 5 0 s , ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁married ▁a ▁prin cess ▁called ▁Julia ▁M ama ea ▁who ▁was ▁from ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁Roman ▁Client ▁Em es ene ▁Kingdom . ▁M ama ea ▁was ▁of ▁Ass y rian , ▁Armen ian , ▁Greek ▁and ▁Med ian ▁ancest ry . ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁married ▁M ama ea ▁as ▁his ▁second ▁wife ▁and ▁the ▁circumstances ▁that ▁lead ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁to ▁marry ▁her ▁are ▁unknown . ▁Through ▁M ama ea ' s ▁marriage ▁to ▁him , ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁Roman ▁Client ▁Queen ▁of ▁Pont us , ▁Col ch is ▁and ▁C il icia . ▁ ▁The ▁relationship ▁between ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁and ▁M ama ea ▁is ▁unknown . ▁M ama ea ▁marry ing ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁is ▁only ▁known ▁through ▁surv iving ▁evidence . ▁Her ▁name ▁and ▁identity ▁is ▁revealed ▁from ▁surv iving ▁bronze ▁coin age . ▁Sur v iving ▁coin age ▁that ▁was ▁issued ▁from ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁and ▁M ama ea ▁is ▁extremely ▁rare , ▁as ▁only ▁three ▁spec im ens |
▁are ▁known . ▁On ▁surv iving ▁coin age , ▁shows ▁her ▁royal ▁title ▁in ▁Greek ▁ Ι Ο Υ Λ Ι Α Σ ▁ Μ Α Μ Α Ι Α Σ ▁ Β Α Σ Ι Λ Ι Σ Σ Η Σ ▁( of ▁Julia ▁M ama ea ▁the ▁Queen ) ▁or ▁ Β Α Σ Ι Λ Ι Σ Σ Η Σ ▁ Ι Ο Υ Λ Ι Α Σ ▁ Μ Α Μ Α Ι Α Σ ▁( of ▁Queen ▁Julia ▁M ama ea ). ▁These ▁co ins ▁can ▁be ▁dated ▁from ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁P ole mon ▁II ' s ▁reign ▁from ▁ 6 0 ▁until ▁ 7 4 . ▁She ▁bore ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁two ▁sons ▁who ▁were ▁P ole mon ▁and ▁R ho emet al ces . ▁Her ▁sons ▁that ▁she ▁bore ▁to ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁are ▁known ▁from ▁a ▁restored ▁surv iving ▁ins cription ▁from ▁Am ph ip olis ▁Greece , ▁that ▁is ▁comm emor ating ▁P ole mon ▁II , ▁P ole mon ▁and ▁R ho emet al ces ▁is ▁dated ▁from ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁century . ▁ ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁renamed ▁the ▁town ▁F an iz an ▁and ▁named ▁the ▁town ▁after ▁himself ▁to ▁P ole mon ium ▁( mod ern ▁F ats a ▁Turkey ). ▁In ▁ 6 2 , ▁N ero ▁induced ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁to ▁ab d icate ▁the ▁Pont ian ▁throne , ▁and ▁Pont us , ▁including ▁Col ch is , |
▁became ▁a ▁Roman ▁province . ▁From ▁then ▁until ▁his ▁death , ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁only ▁ruled ▁C il icia . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Joseph us , ▁Anti qu ities ▁of ▁the ▁Jews ▁XX . 7 . 3 ▁ ▁Joseph us , ▁Anti qu ities ▁of ▁the ▁Jews ▁XIX . 8 . 1 ▁ ▁H . ▁Tem por ini ▁& ▁W . ▁Ha ase , ▁Auf st ieg ▁und ▁Nieder gang ▁der ▁röm ischen ▁Welt : ▁Princi pat , ▁Walter ▁de ▁Gru yter , ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁H . ▁Tem por ini ▁& ▁W . ▁Ha ase , ▁Polit ische ▁Geschichte ▁( Pro vin zen ▁und ▁Rand völker : ▁Gr iech ischer ▁B alk an raum ; ▁Kle inas ien ). ▁Gr iech ischer ▁B alk an raum ; ▁Kle inas ien ), ▁Walter ▁de ▁Gru yter , ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁ ▁A . R . ▁Bir ley , ▁Sept im ius ▁Sever us . ▁The ▁African ▁Emperor , ▁Rout ledge , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁B . ▁Lev ick , ▁Julia ▁Dom na . ▁Sy rian ▁Em press , ▁Rout ledge , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁article ▁at ▁An cient ▁Library ▁ ▁P to le ma ic ▁Gene al ogy : ▁Cle op atra ▁VII ▁▁ ▁Co in age ▁of ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁and ▁Julia ▁M ama ea ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Co in age ▁of ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁and ▁Julia ▁M ama ea ▁ |
▁Co in age ▁of ▁P ole mon ▁II ▁ ▁Category : R ul ers ▁of ▁Pont us ▁Category : R ul ers ▁of ▁the ▁Bos por an ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Her od ian ▁dynast y ▁Category : Con ver ts ▁to ▁J uda ism ▁from ▁pag an ism ▁Category : J ew ish ▁monarch s ▁Category : 7 4 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 st - century ▁BC ▁r ul ers ▁in ▁Asia ▁Category : R oman ▁client ▁r ul ers ▁Category : 1 st - century ▁monarch s ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Family ▁of ▁Em esa ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁unknown <0x0A> </s> ▁Virgin ie ▁Poly x ène ▁August ine ▁Philippe ▁Dal lemagne , ▁a ▁French ▁mini ature ▁painter , ▁whose ▁ma iden ▁name ▁was ▁Dec ag ny , ▁was ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁Beau va is . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁pup il ▁of ▁Madame ▁de ▁Mir bel , ▁and ▁showed ▁much ▁talent ▁in ▁the ▁execution ▁of ▁port ra its ▁in ▁mini ature ▁and ▁in ▁c ray ons . ▁She ▁married ▁Ad ol phe ▁Dal lemagne , ▁a ▁landscape ▁painter , ▁and ▁died ▁at ▁Cor be il ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 6 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 2 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 7 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Port rait ▁mini atur ists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Beau va is ▁Category : F rench ▁women ▁pain ters ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁French ▁pain ters ▁Category : 1 |
9 th - century ▁French ▁women ▁artists <0x0A> </s> ▁A . S . D . ▁Ast i , ▁known ▁as ▁Ast i ▁and ▁formerly ▁A . S . D . ▁Alf ieri ▁Ast i ▁or ▁A . S . D . ▁Col line ▁Alf ieri ▁Don ▁Bos co ▁( Col line ▁Alf ieri ▁D . B . ▁or ▁just ▁Col line ▁Alf ieri ), ▁is ▁an ▁Italian ▁football ▁club ▁based ▁in ▁Ast i , ▁P ied mont . ▁F IG C ▁registration ▁number ▁of ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁ 6 3 , 5 1 9 . ▁The ▁club ▁spent ▁entire ▁history ▁in ▁the ▁P ied mont ▁- ▁A osta ▁Valley ▁divisions ▁of ▁the ▁L ega ▁Nazionale ▁D ile tt anti . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁based ▁in ▁another ▁town , ▁C elle ▁En om ondo , ▁and ▁known ▁as ▁several ▁other ▁names : ▁IL SA ▁C . D . C ., ▁U . S . ▁Cell ese , ▁A . S . ▁C elle ▁V ag lier ano ▁and ▁A . C . ▁C elle ▁General ▁Cab . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Prima ▁C ateg oria ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁as ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁Group ▁P ▁of ▁Second a ▁C ateg oria ▁P ied mont ▁- ▁A osta ▁Valley . ▁Group ▁P ▁was ▁composed ▁of ▁clubs ▁entirely ▁from ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Ast i . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁the ▁club |
▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Prom oz ione ▁P ied mont ▁- ▁A osta ▁Valley ▁division , ▁despite ▁finished ▁as ▁the ▁fifth ▁of ▁Prima ▁C ateg oria ▁P ied mont ▁- ▁A osta ▁Valley ▁Group ▁F . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁club ▁was ▁renamed ▁to ▁A . S . D . ▁Col line ▁Alf ieri ▁Don ▁Bos co , ▁as ▁a ▁collaboration ▁with ▁another ▁sport ▁club ▁A . S . D . ▁Don ▁Bos co ▁Ast i . ▁The ▁club ▁also ▁re located ▁its ▁registered ▁office ▁to ▁San ▁Dam iano ▁d ' A st i ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time . ▁ ▁A . S . D . ▁Col line ▁Alf ieri ▁Don ▁Bos co ▁promoted ▁to ▁E cc ellen za ▁P ied mont - A osta ▁Valley ▁from ▁Prom oz ione ▁P ied mont ▁- ▁A osta ▁Valley ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁as ▁a ▁rep ê ch age . ▁The ▁club ▁also ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁E cc ellen za ▁division ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁seasons . ▁The ▁club ▁h ired ▁Mario ▁Ben zi ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁renamed ▁to ▁" A . S . D . ▁Alf ieri ▁Ast i " ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁the ▁major ▁club ▁of ▁the ▁city , ▁Ast i ▁Cal cio ▁F . C . ▁( ex - A . C . D |
. ▁Ast i ) ▁fol ded . ▁The ▁club ▁also ▁promoted ▁youth ▁team ▁coach ▁Dav ide ▁Mont an arel li ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁team . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁finished ▁as ▁the ▁joint - runner - up ▁of ▁the ▁Group ▁B ▁of ▁E cc ellen za ▁P ied mont ▁- ▁A osta ▁Valley ▁division ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 – 1 9 ▁season . ▁However , ▁the ▁club ▁lost ▁the ▁promotion ▁play - off ▁against ▁the ▁other ▁runner - up , ▁Can elli ▁S . D . S .. ▁Both ▁teams ▁also ▁from ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Ast i ▁and ▁that ▁match ▁was ▁the ▁fifth ▁provincial ▁der by ▁of ▁the ▁teams ▁in ▁that ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Alf ieri ▁Ast i ▁was ▁renamed ▁again , ▁dro pping ▁the ▁word ▁" Al f ieri ". ▁ ▁Fam ous ▁players ▁▁ ▁Diego ▁F user ▁( former ▁Italian ▁international ▁footballer ) ▁ ▁Stadium s ▁The ▁club ▁uses ▁the ▁Stad io ▁Comun ale ▁di ▁Ast i ▁as ▁home ▁stad ium . ▁The ▁stad ium ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Stad io ▁C ens in ▁Bos ia , ▁named ▁after ▁footballer ▁. ▁A . S . D . ▁Ast i ▁shared ▁the ▁stad ium ▁with ▁two ▁other ▁clubs ▁of ▁the ▁city : ▁San ▁D omen ico ▁Sav io ▁and ▁Nu ova ▁S ca , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁past , ▁Ast i ▁Cal cio ▁F . C .. ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁also ▁used ▁Cam po ▁Sand ro ▁Salv ad ore |
▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Cam po ▁Comun ale ▁di ▁C elle ▁En om ondo , ▁on ▁ 9 ▁Str ada ▁Poz zo , ▁C elle ▁En om ondo ▁as ▁football ▁fields . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁season , ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁of ▁the ▁club ▁had ▁used ▁the ▁football ▁field ▁in ▁Mon cal vo , ▁but ▁declared ▁its ▁headquarters ▁in ▁Ast i . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Prom oz ione ▁P ied mont ▁- ▁A osta ▁Valley ▁Group ▁D ▁ ▁W inners : ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁Second a ▁C ateg oria ▁P ied mont ▁- ▁A osta ▁Valley ▁Group ▁P ▁ ▁W inners : ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁John ▁Bos co , ▁or ▁known ▁as ▁Don ▁Bos co ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Foot ball ▁clubs ▁in ▁Italy ▁Category : Foot ball ▁clubs ▁in ▁P ied mont ▁and ▁A osta ▁Valley ▁Category : A st i ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁Red vers ▁Rand ell ▁( 1 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁– ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 8 ) ▁wrote ▁about ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁English ▁F ens . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Rand ell ▁was ▁born ▁near ▁the ▁River ▁Great ▁O use ▁at ▁W ig gen hall ▁St ▁Mary ▁Mag d alen , ▁Nor folk , ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁During ▁his |
▁early ▁life ▁he ▁made ▁a ▁living ▁from ▁being ▁a ▁railway ▁worker ▁and ▁a ▁mole catch er . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁great ▁authority ▁on ▁the ▁F ens ▁and ▁its ▁people ▁and ▁custom s . ▁He ▁wrote ▁about ▁the ▁black sm ith ▁who ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁turn ▁to ▁repair ing ▁farm ▁implements ▁and ▁kitchen ▁implements , ▁the ▁chim ney ▁swe ep , ▁the ▁har ness ▁mak er , ▁the ▁p ig - k iller , ▁the ▁st raw ▁worker , ▁the ▁mak er ▁of ▁corn ▁dol lies ▁and ▁many ▁other ▁now ▁ext inct ▁tr ades ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Si xty ▁years ▁a ▁Fen man ▁ ▁Fen land ▁Railway man ▁ ▁Fen land ▁Mem ories ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁River ▁Great ▁O use ▁and ▁its ▁route ▁through ▁the ▁F ens ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : English ▁writers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁King ' s ▁Lyn n ▁and ▁West ▁Nor folk ▁( d istrict ) ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Cal der ▁Cup ▁play offs ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Hockey ▁League ▁began ▁on ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁The ▁eight ▁teams ▁that ▁qualified , ▁four ▁from ▁each ▁division , ▁played ▁best - of - se ven ▁series ▁for ▁Division ▁Sem if inals ▁and ▁Division ▁Final s . ▁The ▁division ▁champions ▁played ▁a ▁best - of - se ven ▁series ▁for ▁the ▁Cal der ▁Cup . ▁ ▁The ▁Cal der ▁Cup ▁Final |
▁ended ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁with ▁the ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ▁defe ating ▁the ▁Freder ic ton ▁Express ▁four ▁games ▁to ▁zero ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Cal der ▁Cup ▁for ▁the ▁sevent h ▁time ▁in ▁team ▁history . ▁H ers he y ▁went ▁an ▁un pre ced ented ▁ 1 2 - 0 ▁during ▁their ▁Cal der ▁Cup ▁run , ▁which ▁also ▁set ▁an ▁A HL ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁consecutive ▁games ▁won ▁in ▁one ▁play off . ▁H ers he y ' s ▁Wend ell ▁Young ▁won ▁the ▁Jack ▁A . ▁But ter field ▁Tro phy ▁as ▁A HL ▁play off ▁M VP . ▁ ▁Play off ▁se eds ▁After ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 8 ▁A HL ▁regular ▁season , ▁the ▁top ▁four ▁teams ▁from ▁each ▁division ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁play offs . ▁The ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ▁finished ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁best ▁overall ▁record . ▁ ▁Northern ▁Division ▁Maine ▁Mar in ers ▁- ▁ 9 9 ▁points ▁Freder ic ton ▁Express ▁- ▁ 9 5 ▁points ▁Sher bro oke ▁Canad iens ▁- ▁ 8 9 ▁points ▁Nova ▁Scot ia ▁O ilers ▁- ▁ 8 1 ▁points ▁ ▁Southern ▁Division ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ▁- ▁ 1 0 5 ▁points ▁Ro chester ▁Americans ▁- ▁ 1 0 0 ▁points ▁Ad ir ond ack ▁Red ▁W ings ▁- ▁ 9 9 ▁points ▁B ingham ton ▁Wh al ers ▁- ▁ 8 7 ▁points ▁ ▁Bra |
cket ▁ ▁In ▁each ▁round , ▁the ▁team ▁that ▁earned ▁more ▁points ▁during ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁receives ▁home ▁ice ▁advantage , ▁meaning ▁they ▁receive ▁the ▁" extra " ▁game ▁on ▁home - ice ▁if ▁the ▁series ▁reaches ▁the ▁maximum ▁number ▁of ▁games . ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁set ▁series ▁format ▁due ▁to ▁ar ena ▁sched uling ▁conflicts ▁and ▁travel ▁consider ations . ▁ ▁Division ▁Sem if inals ▁ ▁Note : ▁Home ▁team ▁is ▁listed ▁first . ▁ ▁Northern ▁Division ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁Maine ▁Mar in ers ▁vs . ▁( 4 ) ▁Nova ▁Scot ia ▁O ilers ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁Freder ic ton ▁Express ▁vs . ▁( 3 ) ▁Sher bro oke ▁Canad iens ▁ ▁Southern ▁Division ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ▁vs . ▁( 4 ) ▁B ingham ton ▁Wh al ers ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁Ro chester ▁Americans ▁vs . ▁( 3 ) ▁Ad ir ond ack ▁Red ▁W ings ▁ ▁Division ▁Final s ▁ ▁Northern ▁Division ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁Maine ▁Mar in ers ▁vs . ▁( 2 ) ▁Freder ic ton ▁Express ▁ ▁Southern ▁Division ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ▁vs . ▁( 3 ) ▁Ad ir ond ack ▁Red ▁W ings ▁ ▁Cal der ▁Cup ▁Final ▁ ▁( S 1 ) ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ▁vs . ▁( N 2 ) ▁Freder ic ton ▁Express ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 8 ▁A HL ▁season ▁List ▁of ▁A HL ▁seasons ▁ ▁References |
▁ ▁Cal der ▁Cup ▁Category : Cal der ▁Cup ▁play offs <0x0A> </s> ▁Ne oph yll is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁l ichen ized ▁fung i ▁in ▁the ▁order ▁L ec an or ales . ▁The ▁genus ▁contains ▁two ▁species ▁found ▁in ▁Austral asia . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : L ec an or ales ▁gener a ▁Category : L ich ens <0x0A> </s> ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁independent ▁record ▁label ▁based ▁on ▁Blo om ington , ▁Indiana ▁with ▁offices ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁Chicago , ▁Austin , ▁London , ▁Paris , ▁Amsterdam , ▁and ▁Berlin . ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁is ▁a ▁label ▁included ▁in ▁Secret ly ▁Group , ▁which ▁also ▁includes ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁and ▁Jag j agu war . ▁Secret ly ▁Group ▁includes ▁the ▁three ▁record ▁labels ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁music ▁publish er ▁known ▁as ▁Secret ly ▁Publishing , ▁representing ▁artists , ▁writers , ▁film m akers , ▁produ cers , ▁and ▁com ed ians . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Phil ▁Wald orf ▁left ▁Mis ra ▁Records ▁after ▁nearly ▁a ▁de cade ▁of ▁man aging ▁the ▁label ▁to ▁form ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁with ▁Chris ▁Sw anson , ▁Ben ▁Sw anson , ▁D arius ▁Van ▁Ar man , ▁and ▁Jonathan ▁C arg ill ▁of ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁and ▁Jag j agu war . ▁▁ ▁Before ▁becoming ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁Dead ▁O ce ans , ▁Wald orf ▁was ▁a ▁Virginia ▁native ▁with ▁a ▁te en age ▁love |
▁of ▁sk ate board ing ▁and ▁punk ▁rock ▁seven - in ches . ▁He ▁left ▁home ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁college ▁in ▁Ath ens , ▁Georgia , ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁college ▁radio ▁station , ▁W U O G , ▁as ▁their ▁music ▁director , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁city ' s ▁under ground ▁music ▁scene . ▁While ▁there , ▁Wald orf ▁came ▁to ▁know ▁future ▁ind ie ▁bands ▁Ne ut ral ▁Mil k ▁Hotel ▁and ▁Oliv ia ▁T rem or ▁Control ▁in ▁their ▁form ative ▁years , ▁going ▁to ▁early ▁house ▁shows ▁before ▁both ▁bands ▁rose ▁to ▁under ground ▁fame . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁Wald orf ▁moved ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁h ired ▁by ▁the ▁icon ic ▁record ▁store , ▁Other ▁Music . ▁While ▁working ▁at ▁Other ▁Music , ▁Wald orf ▁also ▁managed ▁an ▁ind ie ▁label , ▁Mis ra ▁Records . ▁After ▁some ▁time , ▁Chris ▁Sw anson ▁and ▁Wald orf ▁became ▁friends ▁and ▁began ▁talking ▁about ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁working ▁together . ▁ ▁After ▁dec iding ▁to ▁partner ▁on ▁a ▁new ▁label , ▁Chris ▁Sw anson ▁suggested ▁the ▁name ▁Dead ▁O ce ans . ▁The ▁name ▁is ▁lifted ▁from ▁the ▁lyr ics ▁of ▁Bob ▁D yl an ' s ▁“ A ▁Hard ▁Rain ’ s ▁a - G onna ▁Fall ” ▁( 1 9 6 2 ): ▁ ▁“ I ’ ve ▁been ▁out ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁a ▁dozen ▁dead ▁o ce ans ▁ ▁I ’ ve ▁been ▁ten ▁thousand ▁miles ▁in ▁the |
▁mouth ▁of ▁a ▁gra vey ard ▁ ▁And ▁it ’ s ▁a ▁hard , ▁and ▁it ’ s ▁a ▁hard , ▁it ’ s ▁a ▁hard , ▁and ▁it ’ s ▁a ▁hard ▁ ▁And ▁it ’ s ▁a ▁hard ▁rain ’ s ▁a - g onna ▁fall .” ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Wald orf ▁officially ▁started ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁with ▁the ▁Sw anson ▁brothers , ▁Van ▁Ar man , ▁and ▁C arg ill . ▁The ▁addition ▁of ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁to ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁and ▁Jag j agu war ' s ▁partners hip ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁Secret ly ▁Group . ▁▁ ▁As ▁the ▁label ▁began , ▁some ▁of ▁their ▁earliest ▁releases ▁include ▁titles ▁such ▁as ▁Ph osph ores cent ' s ▁P ride , ▁D irty ▁Project ors ’ ▁R ise ▁A bove , ▁and ▁Ak ron / Family ' s ▁Set ▁‘ Em ▁Wild , ▁Set ▁‘ Em ▁Free ▁– ▁r anging ▁from ▁folk ▁to ▁art ▁punk ▁to ▁gro ove - y ▁rock . ▁Since ▁then , ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁has ▁grown ▁to ▁include ▁Julian na ▁Bar wick , ▁Mit ski , ▁Pho eb e ▁Br id gers , ▁Japanese ▁Break fast , ▁R yle y ▁Walker , ▁The ▁T all est ▁Man ▁on ▁Earth , ▁Kevin ▁Mor by , ▁Mar lon ▁Williams , ▁and ▁many ▁others . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Secret ly ▁Group ▁began ▁a ▁partners hip ▁with ▁The ▁Num ero ▁Group ▁as ▁well . ▁ |
▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁label ▁released ▁N inet ies ▁sho eg aze ▁band ▁S low d ive ’ s ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁industry ▁with ▁their ▁first ▁album ▁after ▁a ▁ 2 2 ▁year ▁hi atus . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁was ▁listed ▁as ▁# 7 ▁on ▁P aste ▁Magazine ' s ▁top ▁ 1 0 ▁record ▁labels ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Jag j agu war ▁was ▁listed ▁as ▁# 4 ▁and ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁was ▁listed ▁as ▁# 8 . ▁ ▁Art ists ▁ ▁Notable ▁hon ors ▁and ▁awards ▁G RA MM Y ▁A W AR DS ▁( US / G LOB AL ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Mit ski , ▁‘ Be ▁The ▁Cow boy ’ ▁- ▁Best ▁Rec ording ▁Package ▁( n omin ated ) ▁ ▁A 2 IM ▁L IB ER A ▁A W AR DS ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁– ▁Label ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Ph osph ores cent , ▁‘ C ’ est ▁La ▁Vie ’ ▁- ▁Best ▁Country / Amer icana ▁Album ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Kh ru ang bin , ▁‘ Con ▁Tod o ▁El ▁Mundo ’ ’ ▁- ▁Best ▁Out lier ▁Album ▁( W ON ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Mit ski , ▁‘ Be ▁The ▁Cow boy ’ ▁- ▁Album ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( |
final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Mit ski ▁– ▁Best ▁Live ▁Act ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Mit ski , ▁‘ Be ▁The ▁Cow boy ’ ▁- ▁Best ▁Rock ▁Album ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Sh ame , ▁‘ S ongs ▁of ▁Pra ise ▁- ▁Best ▁Rock ▁Album ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Dur and ▁Jones ▁& ▁The ▁Ind ic ations , ▁‘ D ur and ▁Jones ▁& ▁The ▁Ind ic ations ’ ▁- ▁Best ▁R & B ▁Album ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Mit ski , ▁‘ Be ▁The ▁Cow boy ’ ▁- ▁Creative ▁Pack aging ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁– ▁Label ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Kh ru ang bin , ▁‘ Con ▁Tod o ▁El ▁Mundo ’ ▁- ▁Mark eting ▁Gen ius ▁( final ist ) ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Mit ski , ▁‘ N ob ody ’ ▁- ▁Video ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( W ON ) ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Dead ▁O ce ans ▁– ▁Label ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( W ON ) ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁S low d ive , ▁‘ S low d ive ’ ▁- ▁Album ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( W ON ) ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Pho eb e ▁Br id gers , ▁‘ Str |
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