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▁Sky 1 ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand ▁document ary ▁The ▁Lion ▁Man ▁and ▁appeared ▁in ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁A ▁Touch ▁of ▁F rost . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Anderson ▁appeared ▁as ▁the ▁title ▁character ▁in ▁The ▁Mad ness ▁of ▁George ▁III ▁mounted ▁by ▁director ▁Ad rian ▁No ble ▁at ▁San ▁Diego ' s ▁Old ▁Glo be ▁Theatre . ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ' s ▁Crit ics ' ▁Circle ▁award ▁for ▁Best ▁A ctor . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁he ▁played ▁Pro s per o ▁in ▁The ▁Temp est ▁and ▁Sal ieri ▁in ▁Ama de us , ▁both ▁directed ▁by ▁No ble . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁again ▁won ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁Crit ic ' s ▁Circle ▁Award ▁for ▁his ▁Sh y lock ▁in ▁Ad rian ▁No ble ' s ▁production ▁of ▁Shakespeare ' s ▁The ▁Mer chant ▁of ▁Ven ice . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Anderson ▁appeared ▁as ▁Ren ard ▁in ▁the ▁BBC ▁TV ▁series ▁The ▁Mus k ete ers ▁( ep is ode ▁ 2 . 5 ▁" The ▁Return "). ▁His ▁film ▁cred its ▁include ▁roles ▁in ▁The ▁Th irty ▁N ine ▁Ste ps ▁( 1 9 7 8 ), ▁The ▁Sh illing bury ▁B low ers ▁( 1 9 8 0 ), ▁Sky ▁Band its ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁and ▁Cry ▁Fre edom . ▁ ▁Anderson ▁is ▁an ▁associate ▁member ▁of ▁R AD A . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁actor ▁Joe
▁Anderson ▁and ▁chef ▁Max ▁Anderson . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁The ▁Th irty ▁N ine ▁Ste ps ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁The ▁Sh illing bury ▁B low ers ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁Sky ▁Band its ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁Cry ▁Fre edom ▁( 1 9 8 7 ) ▁A ▁Far ▁Off ▁Place ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁The ▁Od ys sey ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁( voice ▁role ) ▁Fast ▁Food ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁The ▁King ▁Is ▁A live ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁The ▁Sil ent ▁Fall ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Nin ja ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁V ish war oop am ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁La ▁La ▁Land ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : English ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁School ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁of ▁D ram atic ▁Art ▁Category : R h odes ian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁Is aria ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁fung i ▁mostly ▁in ▁the ▁order ▁Hyp oc re ales ▁and ▁family ▁C lav icip it aceae , ▁or ▁by ▁some ▁authorities ▁the ▁Cord y cip it aceae . ▁ ▁It ▁includes ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁ent om op ath ogen ic ▁species , ▁some ▁of ▁them ▁explo ited
▁as ▁bi op estic ides ▁( e . g . ▁I . ▁f um os or ose a ): ▁often ▁previously ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁genus ▁Pa ec il omy ces . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁tele omorph ▁of ▁this ▁genus ▁appears ▁to ▁be ▁O phi oc ord y ce ps . ▁ ▁Species ▁The ▁Encyc lo pa edia ▁of ▁Life ▁lists ▁the ▁following ▁species : ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : C lav icip it aceae ▁Category : Bi ological ▁p est ▁control <0x0A> </s> ▁Edward ▁Richard ▁Bu xt on ▁Sh anks ▁( 1 1 ▁June ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁writer , ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁war ▁poet ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁then ▁as ▁an ▁academic ▁and ▁journalist , ▁and ▁literary ▁critic ▁and ▁bi ograph er . ▁He ▁also ▁wrote ▁some ▁science ▁fiction . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁London , ▁and ▁educated ▁at ▁Mer chant ▁T ay l ors ' ▁School ▁and ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Cambridge . ▁He ▁passed ▁his ▁B . A . ▁in ▁History ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁editor ▁of ▁Gr anta ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 2 – 1 3 . ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁with ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁in ▁France , ▁but ▁was ▁in val ided ▁out ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁and ▁did ▁administrative ▁work ▁until ▁war ' s ▁end . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁a ▁literary ▁rev iewer , ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁London ▁Mercur y
▁( 1 9 1 9 – 2 2 ) ▁and ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁while ▁a ▁lect urer ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Liverpool ▁( 1 9 2 6 ). ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁chief ▁leader - writer ▁for ▁the ▁Even ing ▁Standard ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁People ▁of ▁the ▁Ru ins ▁( 1 9 2 0 ) ▁was ▁a ▁science - f iction ▁novel ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁man ▁w akes ▁after ▁being ▁put ▁into ▁susp ended ▁animation ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁to ▁discover ▁a ▁dev ast ated ▁Britain ▁ 1 5 0 ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁future . ▁ ▁The ▁People ▁of ▁the ▁Ru ins ▁has ▁an ▁anti - comm un ist ▁sub text ▁( the ▁future ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁is ▁dev ast ated ▁by ▁Marx ist ▁revolution aries ). ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ors ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁recip ient ▁of ▁the ▁Haw th or nd en ▁Prize ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁ ▁Works ▁Songs ▁( 1 9 1 5 ) ▁po ems ▁H ila ire ▁Bel loc , ▁the ▁man ▁and ▁his ▁work ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁with ▁C . ▁Cre ight on ▁Mand ell ▁Po ems ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁The ▁Queen ▁of ▁China ▁and ▁Other ▁Po ems ▁( 1 9 1 9 ) ▁po ems ▁The ▁Old ▁Ind isp ens ables ▁( 1 9 1 9 ) ▁novel ▁The ▁People ▁of ▁the ▁Ru ins ▁( 1 9 2 0
) ▁novel ▁Text ▁at ▁Project ▁G uten berg ▁Australia ▁The ▁Island ▁of ▁Youth ▁and ▁Other ▁Po ems ▁( 1 9 2 1 ) ▁po ems ▁The ▁Rich est ▁Man ▁( 1 9 2 3 ) ▁novel ▁First ▁Ess ays ▁on ▁Liter ature ▁( 1 9 2 3 ) ▁criticism ▁F ête ▁Gal ante ▁( 1 9 2 3 ) ▁opera ▁libre tto ▁Bernard ▁Shaw ▁( 1 9 2 4 ) ▁criticism ▁The ▁Sh adow graph ▁and ▁Other ▁Po ems ▁( 1 9 2 5 ) ▁Collect ed ▁Po ems ▁( 1 9 0 0 – 1 9 2 5 ) ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁The ▁Beg gar ' s ▁R ide ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁drama ▁Second ▁Ess ays ▁on ▁Liter ature ▁( 1 9 2 7 ) ▁criticism ▁( W . Coll ins ▁S ons ▁& ▁Co . ▁Ltd ., ▁London ) ▁Que er ▁Street ▁( 1 9 3 3 ) ▁The ▁En ch anted ▁Village ▁( 1 9 3 3 )( A ▁sequ el ▁" Que er ▁Street ", ▁however , ▁this ▁one ▁more ▁un common ) Po ems ▁ 1 9 1 2 – 1 9 3 2 ▁( 1 9 3 3 ) Tom ▁T idd ler ' s ▁Gr ound ▁( 1 9 3 4 ) Old ▁King ▁Cole ▁( 1 9 3 6 ) ▁novel Ed gar ▁All an ▁Po e ▁( 1 9 3 7 ) My ▁England ▁( 1 9 3 9 ) R ud yard ▁Ki pling ▁– ▁A ▁Study
▁in ▁Liter ature ▁and ▁Political ▁Ide as ▁( 1 9 4 0 ) Po ems ▁ 1 9 3 9 – 1 9 5 2 ▁( 1 9 5 3 ) ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ross , ▁Robert ▁H . ▁( 1 9 6 5 ). ▁The ▁Georg ian ▁Revol t , ▁ 1 9 1 0 – 1 9 2 2 ▁: ▁R ise ▁and ▁Fall ▁of ▁a ▁Po etic ▁Ide al ' ', ▁Car b ond ale ▁: ▁Southern ▁Illinois ▁University ▁Press . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁death s ▁Category : English ▁science ▁fiction ▁writers ▁Category : English ▁male ▁journal ists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Mer chant ▁T ay l ors ' ▁School , ▁North wood ▁Category : Art ists ' ▁R if les ▁soldiers ▁Category : B rit ish ▁male ▁po ets ▁Category : English ▁male ▁novel ists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁English ▁po ets ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁English ▁novel ists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁British ▁male ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Polish ▁ 1 9 th ▁Infantry ▁Division ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁from ▁three ▁reg iments ▁of ▁the ▁divisions ▁that ▁had ▁previously ▁formed ▁armed ▁forces ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Central ▁Lith u ania . ▁Origin ally , ▁it ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁inf antry ▁reg iments : ▁▁ 8 5 th ▁Wil no ▁Regiment ▁( former ly ▁part
▁of ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Lith uan ian - Bel arus ian ▁Division ), ▁▁ 8 6 th ▁Min sk ▁Regiment ▁( former ly ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Lith uan ian - Bel arus ian ▁Division ), ▁▁ 7 7 th ▁K own o ▁Regiment ▁( former ly ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Lith uan ian - Bel arus ian ▁Division ). ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁inter bell um ▁period , ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁station ed ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Wil no , ▁which ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 – 1 9 3 9 ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Polish ▁Republic . ▁Until ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁it ▁was ▁commanded ▁by ▁General ▁Mich al ▁Tok arz ew ski - Kar asz ew icz , ▁who ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁General ▁T ade usz ▁Kas pr zy cki ▁( 1 9 2 7 – 1 9 3 1 ). ▁For ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁commanded ▁by ▁General ▁Eugen ius z ▁God zie j ew ski , ▁who ▁in ▁mid - A pril ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁its ▁last ▁inter bell um ▁command ant , ▁General ▁Jo zef ▁K w ac isz ew ski . ▁The ▁ 1 9 th ▁I . D . ▁fought ▁in ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁German ▁In vas ion ▁of ▁Poland , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Pr us y ▁Army . ▁Later ▁it ▁was ▁re created ▁as ▁a ▁Home ▁Army
▁unit , ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁Operation ▁O stra ▁Br ama ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 th ▁I . D . ▁under ▁General ▁Jo zef ▁K w ac isz ew ski ▁belonged ▁to ▁northern ▁group ▁of ▁Pr us y ▁Army , ▁under ▁General ▁Stefan ▁D ą b - B ier n ack i . ▁On ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁Pi otr ków ▁Try b unal ski , ▁where ▁it ▁faced ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Pan zer ▁Division ▁of ▁the ▁We hr macht . ▁Under ▁German ▁pressure , ▁it ▁had ▁to ▁withdraw ▁on ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁day , ▁the ▁Germ ans ▁captured ▁General ▁K w ac isz ew ski . ▁On ▁September ▁ 7 ▁in ▁the ▁evening , ▁units ▁of ▁the ▁division ▁scattered , ▁trying ▁to ▁break ▁through ▁German ▁lines ▁and ▁escape ▁east wards , ▁towards ▁the ▁V ist ula . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 8 ▁Colonel ▁T ade usz ▁Pel cz yn ski ▁began ▁reconst ruction ▁of ▁the ▁division , ▁with ▁two ▁inf antry ▁reg iments ▁( 7 7 th , ▁ 8 6 th ), ▁and ▁some ▁art illery , ▁which ▁managed ▁to ▁cross ▁the ▁V ist ula . ▁Following ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁General ▁D ab - B ier n ack i , ▁its ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁Infantry ▁Brigade . ▁The ▁unit ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁Battle
▁of ▁Tom asz ów ▁Lub el ski , ▁capit ulating ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 7 . ▁ ▁Reserve ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁station ed ▁in ▁L ida . ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁when ▁news ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁In vas ion ▁of ▁Poland ▁reached ▁the ▁town , ▁an ▁assault ▁company ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 ▁men ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁L ida , ▁with ▁the ▁task ▁of ▁breaking ▁through ▁the ▁adv ancing ▁Red ▁Army , ▁and ▁reaching ▁Wil no . ▁The ▁plan ▁was ▁changed , ▁and ▁the ▁company ▁head ed ▁for ▁G rod no , ▁where ▁it ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁G rod no . ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Polish ▁army ▁order ▁of ▁battle ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁ ▁Polish ▁contribution ▁to ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Polish ▁divisions ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁▁ 1 9 th ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁ ▁pl : 1 9 ▁D yw iz ja ▁P iech oty ▁( II ▁R P ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha ▁Complex ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁mos que ▁complex ▁designed ▁and ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 5 8 0 ▁and ▁ 1 5 8 7 ▁by ▁M imar ▁Sin an , ▁who ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁was ▁in ▁his ▁ 9 0 s . ▁The ▁mos que ▁itself ▁was ▁constructed ▁in ▁ 1 5 7 8 - 1 5 8 0
. ▁ ▁The ▁complex ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁T oph ane ▁neighbourhood ▁of ▁the ▁Bey o ğ lu ▁district ▁of ▁Ist an bul , ▁Turkey . ▁It ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha . ▁ ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁mos que , ▁a ▁med res e , ▁a ▁ham am , ▁a ▁t ür be , ▁and ▁a ▁f ount ain . ▁Origin ally , ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁on ▁the ▁coast line , ▁but ▁since ▁the ▁sea ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁filled ▁again , ▁it ▁is ▁now ▁surrounded ▁by ▁other ▁buildings . ▁The ▁complex ▁was ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁orders ▁of ▁the ▁Kap ud an - i ▁D ery a ▁( Gr and ▁Admir al ) ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha . ▁When ▁the ▁P asha ▁was ▁told ▁to ▁build ▁the ▁complex ▁on ▁the ▁sea ▁for ▁being ▁the ▁Chief ▁Captain , ▁he ▁had ▁the ▁mos que ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁land ▁rec laimed ▁from ▁the ▁sea . ▁ ▁Architecture ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁chron og rams ▁that ▁date ▁the ▁mos que , ▁both ▁yield ing ▁the ▁year ▁ 9 8 8 ▁in ▁the ▁Hij ri ▁( I sl am ic ) ▁calendar ▁( 1 5 8 0 ▁in ▁the ▁Julian ▁calendar ). ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁ins cri ptions , ▁at ▁the ▁outer ▁entrance ▁of ▁the ▁complex , ▁features ▁a ▁ 4 - verse ▁poem ▁in ▁j ali ▁th ul uth ▁call ig raph ic ▁script ▁in ▁Ott oman ▁Turkish ▁by ▁the ▁poet ▁Ul
v î ▁and ▁written ▁by ▁call ig raph er ▁Dem ir ci k ulu ▁Y us uf : ▁M î r - i ▁b ahr ▁â ’ n î ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Pa ş a ▁Kap ud an - ı ▁zem ân ▁Y apt ı ▁ ç ün ▁bu ▁cam ii ▁o la ▁y eri ▁Dar üss el â m ▁H ât if - i ▁k ud s î ▁g ör ü p ▁Ul v î ▁d edi ▁t ari h ini ▁E hl - i ▁im â na ▁i b â det g â h ▁o ls un ▁bu ▁mak am ▁The ▁letters ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁line , ▁“ May ▁this ▁be ▁a ▁house ▁of ▁worship ▁for ▁people ▁of ▁the ▁faith ,” ▁add ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁number ▁ 9 8 8 . ▁ ▁All ▁three ▁doors ▁of ▁the ▁cour ty ard ▁are ▁orn ament ed . ▁The ▁cour ty ard ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁mar ble ▁f ount ain ▁for ▁ab l ution ▁before ▁prayer ▁with ▁eight ▁columns ▁and ▁a ▁d ome . ▁The ▁outer ▁por ch ▁has ▁a ▁s lop ing ▁roof ▁supported ▁by ▁twelve ▁columns ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁fa ç ade ▁and ▁three ▁on ▁each ▁side , ▁all ▁with ▁rh omb us - sh aped ▁capit als . ▁In ▁the ▁center ▁is ▁a ▁mar ble ▁portal . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁outer ▁cour ty ard ▁in ▁the ▁gra vey ard ▁stands ▁an ▁oct ag onal ▁t ür be ▁with ▁a ▁d ome ▁also ▁made ▁by ▁M imar ▁Sin an .
▁Its ▁wooden ▁doors ▁are ▁in la id ▁with ▁mother - of - pe ar l . ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha ' s ▁tomb ▁lies ▁inside ▁the ▁t ür be . ▁ ▁The ▁med res e , ▁opposite ▁the ▁sout heast ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁mos que , ▁is ▁almost ▁square . ▁This ▁structure ▁might ▁not ▁be ▁constructed ▁by ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁in ▁the ▁official ▁list ▁of ▁his ▁works , ▁the ▁T az k irat - al - Ab ni ya . ▁ ▁To ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁the ▁mos que ▁is ▁the ▁ham am , ▁of ▁which ▁the ▁construction ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 5 8 3 . ▁The ▁glass ▁doors ▁lead ▁into ▁two ▁separate ▁so ğ uk lu ks ▁( co ol ▁rooms ) ▁that ▁are ▁placed ▁on ▁either ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁har aret ▁( cal d arium - hot ▁room ) ▁which ▁is ▁hex ag onal ▁in ▁plan ▁with ▁open ▁bath ing ▁places ▁in ▁four ▁of ▁its ▁six ▁arch ed ▁re cess es , ▁the ▁other ▁two ▁opening ▁to ▁the ▁so ğ uk lu ks . ▁The ▁pla cement ▁of ▁the ▁so ğ uk lu ks ▁and ▁the ▁plan ▁of ▁the ▁har aret ▁differ ▁from ▁the ▁usual ▁application ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁Sin an ▁in ▁his ▁other ▁ext ant ▁ham ams . ▁ ▁Mos que ▁The ▁central ▁d ome ▁of ▁the ▁mos que ▁is ▁ ▁in ▁diameter , ▁carried ▁on ▁p endent ives ▁on ▁gran ite ▁pi ers ▁and ▁two ▁half - dom es ▁on
▁the ▁Q ib la ▁axis . ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁entrance , ▁on ▁two ▁sides , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁two - story ▁gallery . ▁The ▁d ome ▁is ▁placed ▁at ▁the ▁center ▁with ▁two ▁ex ed ra e ▁similar ▁to ▁a ▁By z antine ▁bas il ica , ▁thus ▁the ▁res embl ance ▁to ▁H ag ia ▁Soph ia . ▁ ▁A bove ▁the ▁prayer ▁hall ▁are ▁five ▁small ▁dom es ▁carried ▁on ▁six ▁mar ble ▁columns . ▁The ▁tile ▁pan els ▁placed ▁high ▁in ▁the ▁prayer ▁hall ▁are ▁ins cribed ▁with ▁ay ats ▁( vers es ) ▁from ▁the ▁Q ur an . ▁The ▁mos que ▁has ▁only ▁one ▁min aret ▁with ▁one ▁gallery . ▁There ▁are ▁ 2 4 7 ▁windows ▁including ▁the ▁ 2 4 ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁d ome . ▁The ▁mi h rab ▁is ▁in ▁a ▁square ▁project ing ▁ap se . ▁▁ ▁A ▁ 1 6 th - century ▁ship ▁lamp ▁that ▁used ▁to ▁hang ▁from ▁the ▁central ▁d ome ▁was ▁taken ▁off ▁to ▁be ▁displayed ▁at ▁the ▁Museum ▁of ▁Ott oman ▁and ▁Turkish ▁Naval ▁History ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁Rum ours ▁The ▁Turkish ▁research er ▁Ras ih ▁N uri ▁ İ ler i ▁claimed ▁during ▁his ▁exam ination ▁of ▁the ▁complex ' s ▁foundation ▁documents ▁that ▁Spanish ▁writer ▁Miguel ▁de ▁C erv antes ▁was ▁a ▁forced ▁worker ▁at ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁complex ▁during ▁his ▁ens lav ement , ▁like ▁the ▁Capt ive ▁character ▁in ▁his ▁novel ▁Don ▁Qu ix ote
. ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁said ▁that ▁when ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha ▁decided ▁to ▁end ow ▁a ▁mos que ▁toward ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁his ▁life , ▁he ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁for ▁a ▁grant ▁of ▁land ▁( since ▁all ▁land ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁in ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ). ▁He ▁and ▁Grand ▁V iz ier ▁R üst em ▁P asha ▁shared ▁a ▁strong ▁dis like ▁for ▁each ▁other , ▁so ▁the ▁V iz ier ▁reported ly ▁said : ▁" Since ▁he ▁is ▁the ▁adm iral , ▁let ▁him ▁build ▁his ▁mos que ▁on ▁the ▁sea ." ▁Und eter red , ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha ▁had ▁tons ▁of ▁rocks ▁brought ▁from ▁all ▁over ▁the ▁region ▁and ▁built ▁the ▁mos que ▁on ▁an ▁artificial ▁island ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁main land ▁by ▁a ▁narrow ▁cause way . ▁The ▁mos que ▁is ▁now ▁well ▁in land , ▁since ▁the ▁sea ▁was ▁filled ▁during ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁modern ▁port . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Friday ▁mos ques ▁designed ▁by ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Inter ior ▁pictures ▁of ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha ▁Mos que ▁ ▁a ▁map ▁and ▁a ▁short ▁guide ▁for ▁Sin an ' s ▁works ▁in ▁Ist an bul ▁▁ ▁Out side ▁exterior ▁photos ▁of ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha ▁Mos que ▁ ▁K ı l ı ç ▁Ali ▁P asha ▁Mos que ▁ ▁Over ▁ 5 0 ▁pictures , ▁mainly ▁of ▁the ▁interior
▁ ▁Category : Rel ig ious ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 5 8 0 ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁mos ques ▁Category : M imar ▁Sin an ▁buildings ▁Category : O tt oman ▁mos ques ▁in ▁Ist an bul ▁Category : Rel ig ious ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁with ▁dom es ▁Category : B ey o ğ lu <0x0A> </s> ▁Albert ▁Green ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁A . ▁B . ▁Green ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁record ▁industry ▁executive , ▁and ▁founder ▁and ▁president ▁of ▁National ▁Records . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Green ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Chicago ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁union ▁organ izer ▁for ▁the ▁P ain ters ▁Union . ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁Phill ips burg , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁where ▁he ▁owned ▁a ▁pl astic ▁pressing ▁plant . ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁his ▁factory ▁switched ▁from ▁producing ▁to ile t ▁seat ▁covers ▁to ▁producing ▁pl astic ▁records ▁- ▁which ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁made ▁from ▁sh ella c . ▁See ing ▁that ▁the ▁real ▁money ▁was ▁in ▁producing ▁records ▁and ▁not ▁knowing ▁anything ▁about ▁the ▁business , ▁he ▁h ired ▁Syl via ▁Lang ler ▁( l ater ▁his ▁wife ), ▁who ▁had ▁experience ▁in ▁the ▁industry . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁he ▁founded ▁National ▁Records ▁and ▁h ired ▁Her b ▁Abr am son , ▁a ▁friend ▁of ▁his ▁wife , ▁as ▁his ▁A & R ▁man . ▁As ▁the ▁business ▁grew , ▁he ▁brought ▁in ▁more ▁A & R ▁men ▁including ▁Lee ▁Mag id , ▁Bob ▁Sh ad
, ▁and ▁J esse ▁Stone . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁He ▁married ▁his ▁secretary , ▁Syl via ▁Lang ler . ▁His ▁son ▁is ▁Ir ving ▁Green . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Chicago ▁Category : American ▁Jews ▁Category : American ▁record ▁produ cers <0x0A> </s> ▁K uni y oshi ▁( written : ▁ 国吉 ▁or ▁ 國吉 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Japanese ▁surname . ▁Notable ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁include : ▁ ▁, ▁Japanese ▁footballer ▁, ▁American ▁painter ▁and ▁photograph er ▁, ▁Japanese ▁baseball ▁player ▁ ▁K uni y oshi ▁( written : ▁ <0xE9> <0x82> <0xA6> 嘉 , ▁ <0xE9> <0x82> <0xA6> <0xE4> <0xBD> <0xB3> , ▁ <0xE9> <0x82> <0xA6> <0xE6> <0xA0> <0x84> , ▁ 國義 ▁or ▁ 國 <0xE8> <0x8A> <0xB3> ) ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁mascul ine ▁Japanese ▁given ▁name . ▁Notable ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁name ▁include : ▁ ▁, ▁Japanese ▁mixed ▁mart ial ▁artist ▁, ▁Japanese ▁painter , ▁illustr ator ▁and ▁photograph er ▁, ▁Japanese ▁educational ▁the or ist ▁and ▁publish er ▁, ▁Japanese ▁scient ist ▁, ▁Japanese ▁da im y ō ▁, ▁Japanese ▁artist ▁in ▁wood block ▁printing ▁and ▁painting ▁ ▁Prince ▁K uni ▁K uni y oshi ▁( 1 8 7 3 – 1 9 2 9 ), ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁imperial ▁family ▁and ▁field ▁mar shal ▁in ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Japanese ▁Army ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : J apan ese - language ▁s urn ames ▁Category : J apan ese ▁mascul ine ▁given ▁names <0x0A> </s> ▁Under ▁Con T roll ▁a ka
▁G ob lin ▁- ▁Das ▁ist ▁e cht ▁T roll ▁/ ▁G ob lin ▁- ▁Out ▁of ▁Con T roll ▁is ▁a ▁German ▁horror ▁film ▁by ▁director ▁Eric ▁Dean ▁H ord es . ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁legend ▁of ▁Bur k art ▁K eller , ▁a ▁kn ight ▁from ▁ ▁Baden - B aden , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁was ▁partially ▁fund ed ▁through ▁a ▁successful ▁crow df und ing ▁campaign . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁Hab ermann ▁Version ▁ ▁Based ▁on ▁a ▁legend ▁from ▁the ▁Black ▁Forest ▁of ▁Germany , ▁Under ▁Con T RO LL ▁follows ▁an ▁evil ▁t roll ▁who ▁was ▁cast ▁into ▁stone ▁and ▁se aled ▁inside ▁a ▁statue ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century . ▁He ▁is ▁in ad vert ently ▁brought ▁back ▁to ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁present ▁day ▁and ▁is ▁hell - b ent ▁on ▁getting ▁reven ge ▁for ▁ 7 0 0 ▁years ▁of ▁imprison ment . ▁To ▁stay ▁und et ected , ▁the ▁t roll ▁poss esses ▁the ▁body ▁of ▁a ▁beautiful , ▁se xy ▁local ▁vill ager , ▁and ▁sets ▁his ▁s ights ▁on ▁opening ▁a ▁portal ▁to ▁the ▁under world ▁which ▁would ▁un le ash ▁an ▁army ▁of ▁t roll s ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Only ▁a ▁prominent ▁scient ist , ▁a ▁nos y ▁neighbor , ▁and ▁the ▁woman ' s ▁te en age ▁daughter ▁suspect ▁that ▁something ▁is ▁am iss , ▁and ▁des per ately ▁try ▁to ▁stop ▁the ▁t roll ▁from ▁destroy ing ▁man kind .
▁ ▁H ord es ▁Version ▁▁ ▁During ▁construction ▁work ▁in ▁Baden - B aden , ▁Germany , ▁an ▁evil ▁t roll , ▁who ▁was ▁turned ▁into ▁stone ▁by ▁a ▁mag ician ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century , ▁is ▁accident ally ▁brought ▁back ▁to ▁life . ▁The ▁t roll ▁tries ▁to ▁free ▁his ▁demon ic ▁compan ions ▁from ▁another ▁dimension . ▁Therefore ▁he ▁needs ▁the ▁Great ▁Book ▁of ▁Sp ells ▁and ▁the ▁blood ▁of ▁a ▁vir gin . ▁In ▁order ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁discovered , ▁the ▁t roll ▁takes ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁Van essa ▁Maj er ▁and ▁turns ▁her ▁cousin ▁Hel ga ▁into ▁his ▁invol unt ary ▁slave . ▁Under ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁the ▁spell , ▁Hel ga ▁ass ists ▁the ▁t roll ▁in ▁his ▁attempt ▁to ▁catch ▁Charlie , ▁the ▁vir gin ▁boy friend ▁of ▁Van essa ' s ▁daughter ▁Natal ja . ▁The ▁plan ▁of ▁the ▁t roll ▁seems ▁to ▁come ▁true ▁if ▁it ▁wasn ' t ▁for ▁the ▁writer ▁Dr . ▁Fischer , ▁the ▁un success ful ▁mag ician ▁R umb ur ak , ▁and ▁the ▁nos y ▁neighbor ▁Bé atrice , ▁who ▁want ▁to ▁expose ▁the ▁t roll . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Hel mut ▁Kra uss ▁– ▁Dr . ▁Fischer ▁ ▁K aty ▁Kar ren b auer ▁– ▁Hel ga ▁Wolf ▁ ▁Ji ří ▁L á bus ▁– ▁R umb ur ak ▁ ▁D és ir ée ▁Nick ▁– ▁Kath arina ▁von ▁Baden ▁ ▁Cec ilia ▁P ill ado ▁– ▁Bé atrice ▁ ▁Nad ir ▁S is man
▁– ▁Charlie ▁ ▁George ▁Hard y ▁– ▁Michael ▁Wa its ▁ ▁R alf ▁B auer ▁– ▁Beng el hart ▁K eller ▁ ▁Bill ie ▁Z ö ck ler ▁– ▁T ip i ▁ ▁Santiago ▁Z ies mer ▁– ▁César ▁ ▁Brit ta ▁S elling ▁– ▁Madame ▁P im èle ▁ ▁Eva ▁Hab ermann ▁– ▁Van essa ▁Maj er ▁ ▁Des ire e ▁Alt ig ▁– ▁Natal ja ▁Maj er ▁ ▁Production ▁Under ▁Con T RO LL ▁a ka ▁G ob lin ▁- ▁That ▁is ▁really ▁T roll ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁feature ▁film ▁produced ▁by ▁the ▁production ▁company ▁Mer kur film ▁GmbH . ▁Eric ▁Dean ▁H ord es ▁and ▁Alexander ▁König ▁wrote ▁the ▁script ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁B ▁horror ▁film ▁T roll ▁ 2 ▁and ▁the ▁French ▁comedy ▁Les ▁Vis ite urs . ▁They ▁were ▁supported ▁by ▁screen writer ▁Simon ▁Haus child ▁and ▁K aty ▁Kar ren b auer . ▁The ▁book ▁capt ures ▁the ▁K eller ▁S aga ▁and ▁transform s ▁the ▁historic ▁notes ▁into ▁a ▁story ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁present ▁time ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁The ▁original ▁story ▁is ▁centered ▁around ▁the ▁legend ary ▁figure ▁Bur k art ▁K eller . ▁It ▁del ivers ▁a ▁mot if ▁that ▁goes ▁back ▁into ▁the ▁late ▁Middle ▁A ges ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Tr ink h alle , ▁diverse ▁cross es , ▁the ▁B atter t ▁Rock , ▁and ▁various ▁other ▁old ▁sources . ▁ ▁Cre ature ▁Art ist ▁J ör g ▁Ste eg m üller ▁became
▁co - produ cer ▁from ▁the ▁very ▁beginning ▁and ▁provided ▁a ▁mon et ary ▁value ▁of ▁ 1 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁eu ros . ▁Act ress ▁Eva ▁Hab ermann ▁later ▁took ▁on ▁a ▁role ▁as ▁co - produ cer . ▁ ▁Public ▁dispute ▁Des ire e ▁Nick ▁claimed , ▁Hab ermann ▁offered ▁her ▁€ 5 0 0 ▁to ▁sign ▁a ▁paper ▁that ▁states ▁Hab ermann ▁own s ▁the ▁movie ▁rights . ▁Hab ermann ▁now ▁wants ▁to ▁ban ▁the ▁film . ▁Eva ▁Hab ermann ' s ▁production ▁company ▁F antom film ▁GmbH ▁bought ▁the ▁film ▁rights ▁from ▁the ▁bank rupt cy ▁estate ▁of ▁Mer kur film . ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁the ▁German ▁newspaper ▁B IL D ▁announced ▁to ▁show ▁the ▁film ▁in ▁the ▁H ord es ▁version ▁for ▁ 4 8 ▁hours ▁on ▁their ▁website ▁for ▁subscri bers . ▁That ▁announ cement ▁was ▁deleted ▁one ▁day ▁later . ▁ ▁Under ▁Cont roll ▁a ka ▁G ob lin - ▁That ▁is ▁really ▁T roll ▁and ▁T roll ▁ 2 ▁After ▁reaching ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁T roll ▁ 2 ▁director ▁Cla udio ▁F rag asso , ▁Eric ▁Dean ▁H ord es ▁was ▁allowed ▁to ▁integrate ▁the ▁T roll ▁ 2 ▁character ▁Michael ▁Wa its ▁into ▁G ob lin ▁- ▁That ▁is ▁really ▁T roll . ▁They ▁engaged ▁the ▁original ▁actor , ▁George ▁Hard y , ▁to ▁repr ise ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁Michael ▁Wa its ▁and ▁establish ▁G ob lin ▁- ▁That ▁is ▁really ▁T roll
▁as ▁a ▁film ▁c ros so ver ▁that ▁draw s ▁on ▁Michael ▁Wa its ’ ▁events ▁and ▁mix es ▁them ▁with ▁the ▁story . ▁In ▁G ob lin ▁- ▁That ▁is ▁really ▁T roll , ▁it ' s ▁the ▁other ▁way ▁around : ▁the ▁main ▁character ▁is ▁a ▁T roll ▁and ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁G ob l ins . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁G ob lin ▁- ▁Das ▁ist ▁e cht ▁T roll ▁on ▁IMDb ▁Start next ▁( deutsch ) ▁ ▁Category : G erman ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁mon ster ▁mov ies ▁Category : Internet ▁mem es ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁K orn ily ev sk aya ▁S lob oda ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁village ) ▁in ▁Rost il ov sko ye ▁R ural ▁S ett lement , ▁G ry az ov et sky ▁District , ▁V olog da ▁O blast , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 4 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁The ▁distance ▁to ▁G ry az ov ets ▁is ▁ 4 km , ▁to ▁Rost il ovo ▁is ▁ 6 km . ▁G ork a ▁is ▁the ▁nearest ▁rural ▁local ity . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁V olog da ▁O blast ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁G ry az ov et sky ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁Richard son ▁C ott rel le ▁( M arch ▁
2 , ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁– ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁Township ▁of ▁Es ques ing , ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁Town ▁of ▁Mil ton . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Agricult ural ▁College , ▁he ▁spent ▁some ▁years ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁before ▁joining ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Bank ▁of ▁Com merce ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁where ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁Bank ▁Director ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁ ▁C ott rel le ▁served ▁on ▁several ▁bo ards ▁including : ▁Map le ▁Le af ▁Gard ens , ▁Ab it ib i ▁Power ▁and ▁P aper ▁Company ▁and ▁the ▁Royal ▁Agricult ural ▁Winter ▁Fair . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁executive ▁with ▁the ▁Toronto ▁Map le ▁Le af s ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 0 s , ▁and ▁helped ▁to ▁fin ance ▁the ▁building ▁of ▁Map le ▁Le af ▁Gard ens ▁in ▁Dow nt own ▁Toronto ▁( on ▁the ▁north west ▁corner ▁of ▁Carl ton ▁Street ▁and ▁Church ▁Street ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁His ▁name ▁is ▁ins cribed ▁on ▁the ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁with ▁the ▁Map le ▁Le af s ▁for ▁their ▁victory ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁bank er ▁by ▁profession ▁and ▁was ▁appointed ▁O il ▁Controller ▁for ▁Canada ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁by
▁the ▁w art ime ▁government ▁of ▁Mac K en zie ▁King ▁on ▁the ▁recommendation ▁of ▁his ▁Minister ▁of ▁Transport ▁C . ▁D . ▁How e . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁" the ▁t ough est ▁of ▁all ▁jobs ▁during ▁the ▁war ," ▁but ▁C ott rel le ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁for ▁his ▁service ▁to ▁Canada ▁through ▁his ▁position . ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁George ▁R . ▁C ott rel le ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Mil ton ▁Walk ▁Of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Picture ▁of ▁George ▁C ott rel le ' s ▁Name ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁Pla que ▁George ▁C ott rel le ▁App oint ed ▁National ▁O il ▁Controller ▁June ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁death s ▁Category : T or onto ▁Map le ▁Le af s ▁execut ives ▁Category : St an ley ▁Cup ▁champions <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Br istol ▁City ▁Council ▁election ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 5 ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁to ▁elect ▁members ▁of ▁Br istol ▁City ▁Council ▁in ▁England . ▁This ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁as ▁other ▁local ▁elections . ▁One ▁third ▁of ▁seats ▁were ▁up ▁for ▁election . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁election ▁following ▁the ▁mer ger ▁of ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Party ▁and ▁SD P ▁to ▁form ▁the
▁Social ▁& ▁Liberal ▁Democr ats . ▁There ▁were ▁also ▁several ▁candidates ▁representing ▁the ▁continu ing ▁SD P . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁general ▁small ▁swing ▁to ▁Labour . ▁ ▁Ward ▁results ▁ ▁The ▁change ▁is ▁calculated ▁using ▁the ▁results ▁when ▁these ▁actual ▁seats ▁were ▁last ▁cont ested , ▁i . e . ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁election . ▁ ▁Av on mouth ▁ ▁The ▁Conserv atives ▁won ▁Av on mouth ▁in ▁a ▁by - e lection ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁and ▁lost ▁the ▁seat ▁back ▁to ▁Labour ▁at ▁this ▁election . ▁ ▁Bishop ston ▁ ▁Bishop sw orth ▁ ▁Br is ling ton ▁East ▁ ▁Br is ling ton ▁West ▁ ▁Cl if ton ▁ ▁C oth am ▁ ▁Hart cl iffe ▁ ▁Hen bury ▁ ▁H eng ro ve ▁ ▁Hen le aze ▁ ▁Hor field ▁ ▁Kings west on ▁ ▁Know le ▁ ▁Red land ▁ ▁St ▁George ▁East ▁ ▁St ▁George ▁West ▁ ▁South me ad ▁ ▁Stock wood ▁ ▁Sto ke ▁Bishop ▁ ▁West bury - on - Try m ▁ ▁Wh itch urch ▁Park ▁ ▁Wind mill ▁Hill ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Br istol ▁Even ing ▁Post ▁ 6 ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁English ▁local ▁elections ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 s ▁in ▁Br istol <0x0A> </s> ▁was ▁a ▁professional ▁Go ▁player . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁O hi ra ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁G if u , ▁Japan . ▁T aken ▁under
▁the ▁wing ▁of ▁the ▁pro l ific ▁Kit ani ▁Minor u ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁O hi ra ▁quickly ▁rose ▁in ▁rank . ▁By ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁he ▁had ▁obtained ▁professional ▁ 1 ▁dan , ▁being ▁promoted ▁to ▁ 2 ▁dan ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁By ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁he ▁was ▁ 6 ▁dan , ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁he ▁reached ▁the ▁peak ▁of ▁ 9 ▁dan . ▁His ▁first ▁big ▁break ▁came ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁when ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁N ih on ▁Ki - in ▁Championship , ▁and ▁def ended ▁it ▁for ▁ 3 ▁years . ▁Al ong ▁with ▁Tak ag awa ▁K aku , ▁Sak ata ▁E io , ▁and ▁I sh ida ▁Y osh io , ▁O hi ra ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁this ▁title . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁he ▁won ▁his ▁first ▁major ▁title ▁by ▁winning ▁the ▁Hay ago ▁Championship . ▁Ten ▁years ▁later ▁her ▁set ▁a ▁new ▁record ▁of ▁success ive ▁wins , ▁with ▁ 1 7 . ▁During ▁his ▁time , ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁active ▁player ▁in ▁the ▁Me ij in ▁and ▁Hon in bo ▁le agues . ▁He ▁lived ▁in ▁Y ok oh ama , ▁Japan ▁before ▁he ▁died . ▁ ▁Tit les ▁& ▁run ners - up ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁death s ▁Category : J apan ese ▁Go ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The
▁Tor res – B anks ▁languages ▁form ▁a ▁link age ▁of ▁Southern ▁Ocean ic ▁languages ▁spoken ▁in ▁the ▁Tor res ▁Islands ▁and ▁B anks ▁Islands ▁of ▁northern ▁Van u atu . ▁ ▁L anguages ▁François ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁recogn izes ▁ 1 7 ▁languages ▁spoken ▁by ▁ 9 , 4 0 0 ▁people ▁in ▁ 5 0 ▁villages , ▁including ▁ 1 6 ▁living ▁( 3 ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁mor ib und ) ▁and ▁one ▁ext inct ▁language . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 7 ▁languages , ▁ranked ▁from ▁north west ▁to ▁sout heast , ▁are : ▁ ▁{ \| ▁class =" wik itable ▁sort able " ▁! ▁Language ▁!! ▁Number ▁of ▁speak ers ▁!! ▁ISO ▁ 6 3 9 - 3 ▁code ▁!! ▁Island ( s ) ▁spoken ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Hi w ▁\|\| ▁ 2 8 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁Hi w ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Lo - T oga ▁\|\| ▁ 5 8 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁T eg ua , ▁Lo , ▁T oga ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Le h ali ▁\|\| ▁ 2 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁U re par ap ara ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Lö y ö p ▁\|\| ▁ 2 4 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁U re par ap ara ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Vol ow ▁\|\| ▁ext inct ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁M ota ▁L ava ▁\| - ▁\| ▁M w ot lap ▁\|\| ▁ 2 1 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁M ota ▁L ava ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Lem er ig ▁\|\| ▁ 2 ▁(
mor ib und ) ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁Van ua ▁L ava ▁\| - ▁\| ▁V era ' a ▁\|\| ▁ 5 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁Van ua ▁L ava ▁\| - ▁\| ▁V ur ë s ▁\|\| ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁Van ua ▁L ava ▁\| - ▁\| ▁M w esen ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 ▁( mor ib und ) ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁Van ua ▁L ava ▁\| - ▁\| ▁M ota ▁\|\| ▁ 7 5 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁M ota ▁\| - ▁\| ▁N ume ▁\|\| ▁ 7 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁G au a ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Dor ig ▁\|\| ▁ 3 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁G au a ▁\| - ▁\| ▁K oro ▁\|\| ▁ 2 5 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁G au a ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Ol rat ▁\|\| ▁ 3 ▁( mor ib und ) ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁G au a ▁\| - ▁\| ▁Lak on ▁\|\| ▁ 8 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁G au a ▁\| - ▁\| ▁M wer lap ▁\|\| ▁ 1 1 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ ▁\|\| ▁Mer el ava ▁\| } ▁ ▁C od r ington ▁( 1 8 8 5 ) ▁also ▁lists ▁the ▁Alo - T eq el ▁language , ▁long ▁since ▁ext inct . ▁ ▁Compar ative ▁studies ▁A . ▁François ▁has ▁published ▁several ▁studies ▁comparing ▁various ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁Tor res – B anks ▁languages : ▁ ▁François ▁( 2 0 0 5 ): ▁In vent ories ▁of ▁v owel
▁systems , ▁and ▁their ▁historical ▁development ; ▁ ▁François ▁( 2 0 0 7 ): ▁Systems ▁of ▁n oun ▁articles , ▁and ▁their ▁historical ▁development ; ▁ ▁François ▁( 2 0 0 9 ): ▁How ▁several ▁languages ▁gram mat ical ized ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁light ▁personal ▁pron oun s ▁into ▁markers ▁for ▁“ a or ist ” ▁aspect ; ▁ ▁François ▁( 2 0 1 1 ): ▁How ▁Tor res – B anks ▁languages ▁tend ▁to ▁show ▁struct ural ▁isomorphism , ▁yet ▁lex ical ▁divers ity ; ▁ ▁François ▁( 2 0 1 3 ): ▁Et ym ological ▁reconst ruction ▁of ▁spiritual ▁terms ▁in ▁Tor res – B anks ▁languages ; ▁ ▁François ▁( 2 0 1 5 ): ▁Systems ▁of ▁ge oc ent ric ▁space ▁direction als , ▁and ▁their ▁historical ▁development ; ▁ ▁François ▁( 2 0 1 6 ): ▁Historical ▁morph ology ▁of ▁personal ▁pron oun s . ▁ ▁François ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁soci ol ingu istic ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁Gene alog ical ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁Tor res – B anks ▁link age ▁The ▁internal ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁Tor res – B anks ▁link age ▁was ▁ass essed ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Compar ative ▁method , ▁and ▁presented ▁in ▁the ▁framework ▁of ▁historical ▁gl ott ometry ▁( Fran çois ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ; ▁Kal yan ▁& ▁François ▁ 2 0 1 8 ). ▁ ▁Kal yan ▁& ▁François ▁( 2 0 1 8 : ▁
8 1 ) ▁identified ▁the ▁following ▁best - supported ▁sub groups ▁( in ▁decre asing ▁order ▁of ▁gene alog ical ▁clos eness ): ▁ ▁M w ot lap ▁– ▁Vol ow ▁ ▁Hi w ▁– ▁Lo - T oga ▁ ▁V ur ë s ▁– ▁M w esen ▁ ▁Lem er ig ▁– ▁V era ' a ▁ ▁K oro ▁– ▁Ol rat ▁– ▁Lak on ▁ ▁Dor ig ▁– ▁K oro ▁– ▁Ol rat ▁– ▁Lak on ▁ ▁Ol rat ▁– ▁Lak on ▁ ▁Le h ali ▁– ▁Lö y ö p ▁– ▁M w ot lap ▁– ▁Vol ow ▁▁ 1 5 ▁B anks ▁languages ▁together ▁( Le h ali ▁– ▁Lö y ö p ▁– ▁M w ot lap ▁– ▁Vol ow ▁– ▁Lem er ig ▁– ▁V era ' a ▁– ▁V ur ë s ▁– ▁M w esen ▁– ▁M ota ▁– ▁N ume ▁– ▁Dor ig ▁– ▁K oro ▁– ▁Ol rat ▁– ▁Lak on ▁– ▁M wer lap ) ▁ ▁etc . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁C od r ington , ▁Robert ▁Henry ▁( 1 8 8 5 ). ▁The ▁Mel anes ian ▁L anguages . ▁Oxford : ▁Clar end on ▁Press ▁( full ▁text ▁from ▁the ▁Internet ▁Archive ). ▁▁ ▁. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Map ▁and ▁information ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 7 ▁Tor res ▁& ▁B anks ▁languages . ▁ ▁Category : L anguages ▁of ▁Van u atu ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁Fre ight d ynam ics ▁is ▁a ▁subs idi ary ▁of ▁South ▁Africa
' s ▁state - owned ▁transport ▁giant ▁Trans net . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁company ▁oper ates ▁four ▁main ▁terminal s : ▁Johannes burg , ▁Cape ▁Town , ▁Port ▁Elizabeth ▁and ▁Dur ban . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Inter modal ▁fre ight ▁transport ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Fre ight d ynam ics ▁ ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁based ▁in ▁Johannes burg ▁Category : Transport ▁operators ▁of ▁South ▁Africa <0x0A> </s> ▁End ▁of ▁Everything ▁are ▁a ▁Progress ive ▁death ▁metal ▁band ▁from ▁Glasgow , ▁Scotland , ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁Their ▁album ▁Three ▁is ▁out ▁now ▁and ▁received ▁a ▁ 7 / 1 0 ▁from ▁Metal ▁Ham mer . ▁They ▁have ▁supported ▁F ear ▁Factory ▁and ▁recently ▁played ▁the ▁T aste ▁of ▁Cha os ▁Festival . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁with ▁samples ▁from ▁album ▁ ▁Mys pace ▁page ▁for ▁the ▁band ▁ ▁Category : B rit ish ▁progress ive ▁metal ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁death ▁metal ▁musical ▁groups <0x0A> </s> ▁Al lied ▁Air ▁Command ▁ İ z mir ▁was ▁a ▁component ▁command ▁within ▁NAT O . ▁ ▁History ▁Pre viously ▁designated ▁A IR SO UT H ▁and ▁located ▁in ▁Italy , ▁the ▁Head quarters ▁of ▁the ▁Al lied ▁Air ▁Component ▁Command ▁for ▁Southern ▁Europe ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ İ z mir , ▁Turkey , ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁The ▁command , ▁which ▁was ▁renamed ▁the ▁Al lied ▁Air ▁Command ▁ İ z mir ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁reported ▁to ▁the
▁Al lied ▁J oint ▁Force ▁Command ▁Nap les ▁based ▁in ▁Nap les , ▁Italy . ▁The ▁last ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁NAT O ▁Al lied ▁Air ▁Component ▁Command ▁ İ z mir ▁was ▁Lieutenant ▁General ▁Ralph ▁J od ice . ▁It ▁was ▁de activ ated ▁on ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁when ▁Al lied ▁Air ▁Command ▁at ▁Ram stein ▁became ▁the ▁sole ▁al lied ▁air ▁component ▁command . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Form ations ▁of ▁the ▁NAT O ▁Military ▁Command ▁Str ucture ▁ 1 9 9 4 – present ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁in ▁ İ z mir ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁S inc la ir ▁House ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁hotel ▁which ▁stood ▁at ▁ 7 5 4 ▁Broadway ▁ ▁His ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁ob itu ary ▁described ▁him ▁as ▁" one ▁of ▁the ▁best - known ▁hotel ▁keep ers ▁in ▁this ▁country ." ▁▁▁ ▁After ▁Ash man ▁died , ▁his ▁wid ow ▁there after ▁operated ▁the ▁hotel ▁until ▁it ▁closed ▁on ▁April ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁that ▁the ▁Fif th ▁Avenue ▁Hotel ▁closed . ▁ ▁Vis itors ▁to ▁S inc la ir ▁House ▁included ▁Hor ace ▁Gree ley , ▁William ▁C ull en ▁Bry ant , ▁Gro ver ▁Cleveland , ▁and ▁Sam ▁Ward , ▁the ▁names ake ▁for ▁the ▁hotel ▁restaurant ' s ▁" Sam ▁Ward ▁Ste ak ." ▁▁
▁The ▁restaurant ▁in ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁well ▁known , ▁described ▁by ▁one ▁New ▁York ▁paper ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁as ▁" ce le br ated ▁for ▁its ▁to oth some ▁ter rap in , ▁its ▁canvas back ▁du cks , ▁its ▁t urt le ▁soup , ▁its ▁o yst er ▁and ▁tri pe ▁ste ws , ▁no ▁less ▁than ▁for ▁its ▁more ▁ple be ian ▁cor ned ▁be ef ▁and ▁cab bage ." ▁ ▁Francis ▁Mar ion ▁C raw ford ' s ▁novel ▁Kath ar ine ▁La ud erd ale ▁was ▁partially ▁written ▁while ▁he ▁stayed ▁there , ▁and ▁its ▁events ▁are ▁laid ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁neighborhood . ▁ ▁Henry ▁C uy ler ▁Bun ner ▁stayed ▁there ▁while ▁writing ▁Short ▁Six es ▁and ▁his ▁Washington ▁Square ▁stories . ▁ ▁Other ▁well - known ▁guests ▁included ▁play w right ▁Paul ▁Pot ter ▁and ▁expl orer ▁Paul ▁Du ▁Cha ill u . ▁▁ ▁The ▁S inc la ir ▁House ▁hosted ▁many ▁events . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁it ▁hosted ▁a ▁meeting ▁of ▁the ▁mayor alty ▁convention ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁New ▁York , ▁organized ▁by ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁general ▁committee . ▁ ▁The ▁same ▁month ▁the ▁establishment ▁was ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁delegate ▁selection ▁of ▁several ▁convent ions ▁pert inent ▁to ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Ward ▁Union ▁Association . ▁ ▁Rep lacement ▁building ▁ ▁The ▁hotel ▁was ▁demol ished ▁shortly ▁after ▁closing ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁to ▁make ▁way
▁for ▁an ▁office ▁building . ▁ ▁A ▁ 1 2 - story ▁building ▁was ▁constructed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 – 0 9 , ▁a ka ▁" The ▁S inc la ir ▁Building ", ▁and ▁is ▁still ▁standing ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁former ▁hot els ▁in ▁Manh attan ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁photo ▁at ▁New ▁York ▁Heritage ▁digital ▁collections ▁▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁Menu ▁for ▁S inc la ir ▁House , ▁New ▁York ▁Public ▁Library ▁( note ▁ste aks ▁with ▁more ▁expensive ▁" a ▁la ▁Sam ▁Ward " ▁option ) ▁ ▁S inc la ir ▁House ▁records ▁( 1 8 9 3 – 1 9 0 8 ) ▁information , ▁New ▁York ▁Public ▁Library ▁Archives ▁& ▁Man us cript s ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁hot els ▁in ▁Manh attan ▁Category : History ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁establish ments ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : D em ol ished ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Manh attan ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁demol ished ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁Category : B road way ▁( Man h attan ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁rod ent ▁family ▁Di atom y idae , ▁found ▁in ▁Asia , ▁is ▁represented ▁by ▁a ▁single ▁known ▁living ▁species , ▁La on ast es ▁a enig
m am us . ▁ ▁" L az arus ▁effect " ▁ ▁Before ▁La on ast es ▁was ▁discovered , ▁the ▁family ▁Di atom y idae ▁was ▁known ▁only ▁from ▁foss ils . ▁ ▁The ▁family ▁has ▁a ▁nearly ▁continuous ▁foss il ▁range ▁from ▁Early ▁O lig oc ene ▁foss ils ▁of ▁Fall om us ▁from ▁the ▁Lower ▁Ch itar w ata ▁Form ation ▁( 3 2 . 5 ▁million ▁years ▁ago , ▁Bug ti ▁Member , ▁Bug ti ▁Hills , ) ▁in ▁Bal och istan , ▁Pakistan , ▁to ▁Middle / L ate ▁Mi oc ene ▁foss ils ▁( 1 1 ▁My a ) ▁of ▁Di atom ys . ▁ ▁Jenkins ▁et ▁al . ▁reported ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁a ▁wh olly ▁unique ▁new ▁species ▁of ▁rod ent , ▁La on ast es ▁a enig m am us , ▁for ▁which ▁they ▁created ▁a ▁new ▁family , ▁La on ast idae . ▁ ▁They ▁suggested ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁hy str ic ogn ath ▁rod ent , ▁but ▁bas al ▁to ▁all ▁other ▁hy str ic ogn ath s . ▁Daw son , ▁et ▁al , ▁re - evalu ated ▁the ▁ph y log en etic ▁position ▁of ▁La on ast es ▁based ▁on ▁morph ology ▁and ▁included ▁foss il ▁tax a ▁in ▁their ▁analysis . ▁ ▁They ▁determined ▁ ▁La on ast es ▁is ▁actually ▁sci uro gn ath ous ▁and ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁Di atom y idae . ▁They ▁also ▁described ▁the ▁Di atom y idae ▁as ▁a ▁Laz arus ▁tax on
▁due ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 1 - mill ion - year ▁gap ▁between ▁the ▁most ▁recent ▁di atom y id ▁in ▁the ▁foss il ▁record ▁and ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁La on ast es ▁today . ▁ ▁The ▁only ▁other ▁compar able ▁length ▁of ▁time ▁for ▁a ▁m amm al ▁Laz arus ▁tax on ▁is ▁the ▁mon ito ▁del ▁mon te , ▁which ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁family ▁( M icro bi other i idae ), ▁also ▁most ▁recently ▁known ▁from ▁Mi oc ene ▁depos its . ▁▁ ▁Mary ▁Daw son ▁described ▁La on ast es ▁as ▁the ▁" co el ac anth ▁of ▁rod ents " ▁. ▁ ▁Character istics ▁ ▁The ▁Di atom y idae ▁are ▁similar ▁to ▁both ▁the ▁C ten od act yl idae ▁and ▁the ▁An om al ur om or pha ▁in ▁being ▁simultaneously ▁hy str ic omorph ous ▁and ▁sci uro gn ath ous . ▁ ▁The ▁mass eter ic ▁f ossa ▁in ▁di atom y ids ▁is ▁en larg ed ▁and ▁extends ▁to ▁below ▁the ▁first ▁che ek ▁to oth . ▁ ▁The ▁en am el ▁on ▁in cis ors ▁is ▁mult iser ial ▁( similar ▁to ▁the ▁spring h are , ▁g und is , ▁and ▁Hy str ic ogn ath i ). ▁ ▁The ▁single ▁prem olar ▁on ▁both ▁the ▁upper ▁and ▁lower ▁to oth ▁rows ▁is ▁en larg ed ▁( un like ▁the ▁reduced ▁state ▁in ▁C ten od act yl idae ). ▁ ▁Most ▁di atom y ids ▁have ▁che ek ▁teeth
▁with ▁four ▁roots ▁except ▁for ▁the ▁first . ▁In ▁La on ast es , ▁the ▁lower ▁mol ars ▁have ▁four ▁roots , ▁but ▁upper ▁che ek ▁teeth ▁have ▁three ▁roots ▁including ▁a ▁U - sh aped ▁anterior ▁root ▁that ▁may ▁be ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁mer ging ▁of ▁two ▁roots . ▁ ▁Living ▁di atom y ids ▁are ▁only ▁represented ▁by ▁the ▁La ot ian ▁rock ▁rat ▁from ▁the ▁K ham m ou an ▁region ▁of ▁La os . ▁ ▁F oss il ▁di atom y ids ▁have ▁been ▁recovered ▁in ▁Pakistan , ▁India , ▁Th ailand , ▁China , ▁Japan , ▁and ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia . ▁ ▁Rel ations hip ▁to ▁other ▁rod ents ▁ ▁The ▁uniqu eness ▁of ▁the ▁La ot ian ▁rock ▁rat ▁was ▁clear ▁upon ▁its ▁initial ▁discovery . ▁ ▁The ▁results ▁of ▁the ▁ph y log en etic ▁anal ys es ▁were ▁somewhat ▁incon clus ive ▁and ▁contradict ory . ▁ ▁Both ▁morph ological ▁and ▁mole cular ▁studies ▁suggested ▁La on ast es ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁rod ent ▁sub order ▁Hy str ic ogn ath i . ▁ ▁The ▁morph ological ▁analysis ▁suggested ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁bas al ▁hy str ic ogn ath . ▁F oss il ▁tax a ▁were ▁not ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁morph ological ▁analysis . ▁ ▁Analysis ▁of ▁m t D NA ▁ 1 2 S ▁r R NA ▁and ▁cy to chrome ▁b ▁sequence , ▁however , ▁suggested ▁La on ast es ▁might ▁be ▁related ▁to ▁living ▁African ▁hy str ic
ogn ath s ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁dass ie ▁rat ▁and ▁the ▁n aked ▁mole ▁rat . ▁ ▁Another ▁type ▁of ▁analysis ▁on ▁the ▁cy to chrome ▁b ▁sequence ▁data ▁produced ▁the ▁same ▁result ▁as ▁morph ology . ▁ ▁Ne ither ▁analysis , ▁however , ▁showed ▁entirely ▁robust ▁statistical ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁La on ast es ▁within ▁the ▁hy str ic ogn ath s ; ▁altogether , ▁it ▁appeared ▁to ▁belong ▁among ▁the ▁bas al ▁African ▁radiation . ▁ ▁Daw son ▁et ▁al . ▁also ▁ref uted ▁the ▁notion ▁that ▁La on ast es ▁is ▁a ▁hy str ic ogn ath ▁and ▁instead ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁mand ible ▁is ▁sci uro gn ath ous . ▁ ▁They ▁evaluated ▁La on ast es ▁in ▁comparison ▁to ▁several ▁foss il ▁rod ents ▁and ▁determined ▁it ▁is ▁closely ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁di atom y ids , ▁particularly ▁Di atom ys . ▁ ▁Their ▁results ▁suggested ▁the ▁Di atom y idae ▁are ▁a ▁sister ▁group ▁to ▁the ▁C ten od act yl idae , ▁and ▁ ▁this ▁di atom y id / ct en od act yl id ▁cla de ▁( al ong ▁with ▁the ▁Yu omy idae ) ▁is ▁sister ▁to ▁the ▁Hy str ic ogn ath i . ▁ ▁Besides ▁La on ast es , ▁other ▁di atom y ids ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁placed ▁in ▁different ▁families . ▁ ▁Some ▁ ▁placed ▁Di atom ys ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ped et idae ▁( spring h ares ). ▁O thers ▁considered ▁Fall om us ▁to ▁belong
▁to ▁the ▁Chap att im y idae ▁( a ▁completely ▁foss il ▁group ). ▁ ▁The ▁family ▁Di atom y idae ▁was ▁ere cted ▁and ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁super family ▁C ten od act y lo idea . ▁ ▁Mar iv aux ▁et ▁al . ▁un ited ▁the ▁two ▁into ▁a ▁single ▁family ▁( D iat omy idae ), ▁but ▁also ▁suggested ▁this ▁family ▁might ▁be ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁Ped et idae . ▁ ▁Daw son ' s ▁foss il ▁study ▁was ▁cor ro bor ated ▁by ▁more ▁compreh ensive ▁DNA ▁sequence ▁anal ys es , ▁which ▁suggested ▁a ▁roughly ▁L ut et ian ▁( about ▁ 4 4 ▁My a , ▁Early / Middle ▁E oc ene ) ▁diver gence ▁date ▁between ▁the ▁ancest ors ▁of ▁the ▁La ot ian ▁rock ▁rat ▁and ▁the ▁African ▁g und is , ▁which ▁are ▁each ▁other ' s ▁closest ▁living ▁relatives . ▁Consider ing ▁the ▁present - day ▁distribution , ▁the ▁foss il ▁record , ▁and ▁E oc ene ▁pale oge ography , ▁this ▁diver gence ▁probably ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁regions . ▁Either ▁the ▁line ages ▁split ▁in ▁E uras ia , ▁somewhere ▁in ▁today ' s ▁Zag ros ▁Mountains ▁or ▁adjacent ▁ranges ▁of ▁the ▁Al p ide ▁bel t . ▁These ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁formed ▁a ▁rug ged ▁and ▁broken ▁coast line ▁with ▁many ▁off sh ore ▁islands , ▁as ▁they ▁emer ged ▁from ▁the ▁shr inking ▁T eth ys ▁Sea . ▁Alternatively , ▁the ▁entire ▁C
ten od act y lo idea ▁might ▁be ▁of ▁African ▁origin , ▁or ▁the ▁line age ▁split ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁India ▁as ▁it ▁joined ▁the ▁Asian ▁main land , ▁with ▁the ▁g und is ▁reaching ▁Africa ▁via ▁the ▁Mas car ene ▁Pl ate au ' s ▁arch ip el ag os ▁and ▁island ▁contin ents . ▁Each ▁hypothesis ▁would ▁un ite ▁the ▁pale ont ological , ▁an atom ical , ▁and ▁mole cular ▁find ings ▁into ▁a ▁robust ▁model . ▁Which ▁one ▁is ▁preferred ▁depends ▁on ▁whether ▁the ▁Hy str ic om or pha ▁were ▁La uras ian ▁or ▁G ond wan an ▁in ▁origin . ▁ ▁Species ▁▁ ▁† F all om us ▁ ▁† F all om us ▁ra za e ▁ ▁† F all om us ▁g ins burg i ▁ ▁† F all om us ▁q ura ish yi ▁ ▁† D iat om ys ▁ ▁† D iat om ys ▁sh ant ung ensis ▁ ▁† D iat om ys ▁li ensis ▁ ▁† D iat om ys ▁ch it ap ar wal ensis ▁ ▁† M ary mus ▁ ▁† M ary mus ▁dal ana e ▁ ▁† P ier rem us ▁ ▁† P ier rem us ▁expl or ator ▁ ▁† P ier rem us ▁lad akh ensis ▁ ▁† Will mus ▁ ▁† Will mus ▁maxim us ▁ ▁† In op in atia ▁ ▁† In op in atia ▁b alk an ica ▁ ▁La on ast es ▁ ▁La on ast es ▁a
enig m am us ▁- ▁La ot ian ▁rock ▁rat ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Car neg ie ▁Museum ▁Press ▁Release : ▁" New ▁family ▁of ▁m amm al ▁really ▁living ▁foss il " ▁with ▁images ▁ ▁D etailed ▁article ▁on ▁finding ▁that ▁La on ast es ▁is ▁a ▁di atom y id ▁ ▁Another ▁article ▁on ▁finding ▁that ▁La on ast es ▁is ▁a ▁di atom y id ▁ ▁Category : R od ent ▁families ▁Category : Ext ant ▁R up elian ▁first ▁appearances <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁Ger ald ▁Gro ve , ▁ 3 rd ▁Baron et ▁( 1 8 ▁December ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁– ▁ 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 6 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁military ▁leader ▁and ▁film maker . ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Gro ve ▁Baron ets . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁career ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Sher bor ne ▁School ▁in ▁Sher bor ne , ▁Dor set . ▁Gro ve ▁joined ▁the ▁British ▁South ▁Africa ▁Police ▁in ▁Rh odes ia ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁and ▁served ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁in ▁the ▁South - West ▁Africa ▁Camp aign ▁and ▁East ▁African ▁Camp aign ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁King ' s ▁African ▁R if les , ▁rising ▁to ▁rank ▁of ▁lieutenant . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁co - direct or ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁film ▁A ▁D anger ous ▁Woman ▁and ▁served ▁in ▁technical ▁advis ory ▁roles ▁in ▁Tower ▁of ▁London , ▁Christopher ▁Str ong , ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 9 3
0 ▁version ▁of ▁R aff les . ▁ ▁After ▁holding ▁several ▁government ▁positions , ▁he ▁succeeded ▁to ▁his ▁title ▁on ▁ 9 ▁February ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁and ▁died ▁un mar ried ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁later . ▁He ▁had ▁inherited ▁the ▁man or ▁of ▁S edge hill , ▁W ilt shire , ▁which ▁was ▁sold ▁after ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 2 ▁death s ▁Category : B rit ish ▁South ▁Africa ▁Police ▁officers ▁Category : K ing ' s ▁African ▁R if les ▁officers ▁Category : B rit ish ▁military ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Sher bor ne ▁School ▁Category : Bar on ets ▁in ▁the ▁Baron et age ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Fox ▁Oak land ▁Theatre ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 , 8 0 0 - se at ▁concert ▁hall , ▁a ▁former ▁movie ▁the ater , ▁located ▁at ▁ 1 8 0 7 ▁Te legraph ▁Avenue ▁in ▁Dow nt own ▁Oak land . ▁It ▁originally ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁running ▁films ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁Design ed ▁by ▁We eks ▁and ▁Day , ▁the ▁theatre ▁is ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places . ▁It ▁was ▁ref urb ished ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁and ▁re open ed ▁as ▁a ▁concert ▁ven ue ▁on ▁February ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9
. ▁ ▁History ▁Origin ally ▁intended ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁" The ▁Bag d ad " ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁Middle ▁Eastern ▁influenced ▁architecture , ▁the ▁the ater ▁instead ▁displayed ▁the ▁name ▁" The ▁Oak land " ▁on ▁the ▁marque e , ▁with ▁the ▁word ▁" O ak land " ▁forming ▁the ▁main ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁vertical ▁bla de ▁sign ▁above ▁the ▁marque e . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" West ▁Coast ▁Oak land ". ▁The ▁Oak land ▁became ▁the ▁ 2 5 1 st ▁the ater ▁to ▁open ▁in ▁the ▁West ▁Coast ▁Theater ▁chain . ▁Open ing ▁day ▁was ▁October ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁after ▁two ▁years ▁of ▁construction . ▁The ▁opening ▁celebr ation ▁was ▁highly ▁anticip ated ▁by ▁the ▁Bay ▁Area ▁residents , ▁as ▁the ▁the ater ' s ▁ 3 , 2 0 0 ▁seats ▁made ▁it ▁the ▁largest ▁in ▁Oak land , ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁nearby ▁Or phe um ▁Theatre ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco ▁which ▁held ▁ 2 , 5 6 1 , ▁and ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁new ▁ 1 , 0 7 5 - se at ▁D uf win ▁which ▁had ▁opened ▁three ▁weeks ▁earlier . ▁The ▁first ▁film ▁shown ▁at ▁the ▁Oak land ▁was ▁Fox ' s ▁The ▁Air ▁Circ us , ▁an ▁early ▁sound ▁film . ▁Live ▁performances ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁stage ▁between ▁films ▁and ▁news re els , ▁including ▁" K ing ▁of ▁the ▁Ban jo " ▁Edd ie ▁Pe ab ody . ▁House ▁Music ▁was ▁provided ▁by ▁the ▁Herm
ie ▁King ▁band ▁with ▁ 2 0 ▁members , ▁and ▁by ▁an ▁organ ist ▁playing ▁the ▁house ▁organ , ▁a ▁W url itzer ▁Op us ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁with ▁ 3 ▁manual s ▁and ▁ 1 5 ▁ranks ▁of ▁pip es . ▁A ▁staff ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 ▁was ▁required ▁to ▁run ▁the ▁the ater . ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁the ▁the ater ▁was ▁renamed ▁the ▁" F ox ▁Oak land " ▁when ▁William ▁Fox ▁bought ▁the ▁West ▁Coast ▁The at res ▁chain ▁and ▁merged ▁it ▁with ▁his ▁Fox ▁The at res ▁chain . ▁The ▁launch ▁of ▁the ▁Fox ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁ear n ▁high ▁ear nings ▁in ▁the ▁dow nt own ▁district . ▁Re est ab lish ing ▁the ▁movie ▁industry , ▁the ▁Fox ▁offered ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁st ray ▁from ▁the ▁silent ▁films ▁and ▁helped ▁introduce ▁the ▁“ t alk ies ” ▁by ▁having ▁a ▁live ▁stage ▁show . ▁ ▁Years ▁of ▁Cl os ure ▁Att endance ▁significantly ▁dropped ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁the ▁Fox ▁closed , ▁" tem por arily ," ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Chron icle , ▁" The ▁movie ▁... ▁which ▁will ▁be ▁shown ▁on ▁the ▁Fox ▁Oak land ' s ▁last ▁day ▁is ▁the ▁Mar lon ▁Br ando ▁sp y ▁mel od rama , ▁Mor it uri ". ▁During ▁the ▁next ▁seven ▁years ▁the ▁the ater ▁opened ▁sp or ad ically ▁for
▁mov ies ▁and ▁special ▁events , ▁but ▁never ▁found ▁a ▁market ▁that ▁could ▁support ▁the ▁required ▁overhead ▁and ▁maintenance . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁the ▁the ater ▁building ▁was ▁twice ▁the ▁victim ▁of ▁ar son ▁after ▁the ▁owner ▁refused ▁to ▁h ire ▁a ▁qu ota ▁of ▁Black ▁Pan thers ▁and ▁pay ▁for ▁their ▁" prote ction ". ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁the ▁the ater ▁was ▁used ▁during ▁the ▁film ing ▁of ▁the ▁horror ▁film ▁Night m are ▁in ▁Blood ▁directed ▁by ▁John ▁Stanley . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁the ▁Dick ens ▁Fair ▁used ▁the ▁the ater ▁for ▁Victor ian ▁England ▁re en act ments , ▁setting ▁up ▁a ▁mock ▁village . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁in ▁such ▁dis rep air ▁that ▁the ▁City ' s ▁Public ▁Works ▁Department ▁presented ▁a ▁plan ▁for ▁the ▁City ▁to ▁purchase ▁the ▁property , ▁demol ish ▁the ▁building , ▁and ▁create ▁a ▁par king ▁lot . ▁However , ▁their ▁plans ▁fl ound ered ▁and ▁on ▁Jan . ▁ 2 4 ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁the ▁Mann ▁Theater ▁Group ▁sold ▁the ▁the ater ▁at ▁au ction ▁to ▁Mario ▁and ▁Er ma ▁De L uc chi ▁for ▁$ 3 4 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁A ▁few ▁months ▁after ▁the ▁purchase , ▁Mr . ▁De L uc chi ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁heart ▁attack ▁and ▁plans ▁for ▁a ▁rest oration ▁of ▁the ▁the ater ▁never ▁took ▁off . ▁With ▁the ▁support
▁of ▁then - O ak land ▁Mayor ▁Lion el ▁Wilson ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁designated ▁an ▁Oak land ▁City ▁Land mark ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁and ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁ ▁Rest oration ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁Oak land ▁R ede velop ment ▁Agency ▁bought ▁the ▁building ▁for ▁$ 3 ▁million . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁concerned ▁citizens ▁formed ▁the ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁The ▁Oak land ▁Fox ▁and ▁some ▁badly ▁needed ▁rest oration ▁work ▁began . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁the ▁Oak land ▁R ede velop ment ▁Agency ▁received ▁a ▁$ 2 . 9 ▁million ▁grant ▁for ▁further ▁rest oration ▁of ▁the ▁the ater . ▁ ▁When ▁mayor ▁Jerry ▁Brown ▁needed ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁new ▁home ▁for ▁the ▁Oak land ▁School ▁for ▁the ▁Arts , ▁a ▁char ter ▁high ▁school ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁arts , ▁the ▁task ▁fell ▁to ▁the ▁R ede velop ment ▁Staff ▁who ▁conce ived ▁of ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁placing ▁the ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁ret ail ▁and ▁office ▁space ▁that ▁surrounded , ▁and ▁were ▁part ▁of , ▁the ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁building . ▁ ▁Rest oring ▁and ▁re open ing ▁the ▁the ater ▁in ▁a ▁shared ▁use ▁plan ▁with ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁quickly ▁champion ed ▁by ▁local ▁developer ▁Phil ▁Tag ami . ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁the ▁Oak land ▁Fox ▁played ▁a ▁role ▁with ▁the ▁Oak land ▁R ede velop ment ▁Agency ▁in ▁raising ▁fund ing ▁for ▁the
▁elaborate ▁$ 7 5 ▁million ▁rest oration ▁process . ▁ ▁Re open ing ▁ ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁marked ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁era ▁for ▁the ▁Fox . ▁After ▁being ▁neglect ed ▁for ▁forty ▁years , ▁the ▁once ▁gl am orous ▁the ater ▁made ▁its ▁com eb ack ▁as ▁a ▁ 2 , 8 0 0 - se at ▁concert ▁hall . ▁Acc ent u ating ▁its ▁rev ival , ▁the ▁the ater ' s ▁grand ▁opening ▁night ▁featured ▁a ▁“ ro aring ▁tw ent ies ” ▁theme ▁celebr ating ▁the ▁newly ▁renov ated ▁the ater ▁MC ' ed ▁by ▁Oak land ▁native , ▁com ed ian ▁Don ▁Re ed ▁( E ast ▁ 1 4 th , ▁The ▁Ton ight ▁Show ▁with ▁Jay ▁L eno , ▁S nap ▁Jud gment ). ▁The ▁first ▁paid ▁performance ▁after ▁re open ing ▁was ▁Social ▁Dist ort ion ▁ ▁The ▁Oak land ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁now ▁serves ▁as ▁a ▁school , ▁restaurant , ▁and ▁prominent ▁live ▁concert ▁ven ue . ▁It ▁has ▁hosted ▁many ▁concert s ▁by ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁B . B . ▁King , ▁Paul ▁Simon , ▁K orn , ▁K yl ie ▁Min og ue , ▁The ▁All man ▁Brothers , ▁W ides p read ▁Pan ic , ▁Bob ▁D yl an , ▁Green ▁Day , ▁Tw enty ▁One ▁Pil ots , ▁Marina ▁and ▁the ▁Diam onds , ▁Met all ica , ▁Prim us , ▁Alice ▁in ▁Ch ains , ▁At oms ▁For ▁Peace , ▁Black ▁Star , ▁Lor de ,
▁Animal ▁Collect ive , ▁X ▁Japan , ▁The ▁December ists , ▁and ▁Van ▁Mor r ison ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁President ▁Bar ack ▁Ob ama ▁spoke ▁at ▁the ▁Fox ▁during ▁his ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Re e lection ▁Camp aign . ▁ ▁New ▁Fe atures ▁ ▁The ▁Oak land ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁is ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁Oak land ▁School ▁for ▁the ▁Arts , ▁a ▁char ter ▁school ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁which ▁en roll s ▁students ▁from ▁ 6 - 1 2 th ▁grade ▁special izing ▁in ▁the ▁arts . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Rud y ' s ▁Can ' t ▁Fail ▁Ca fe ▁opened ▁their ▁second ▁location ▁in ▁the ▁building : ▁it ▁is ▁co - owned ▁by ▁Green ▁Day ' s ▁Mike ▁Dir nt . ▁Rud y ' s ▁closed ▁on ▁Th urs day , ▁July ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Architecture ▁ ▁With ▁terra ▁c otta , ▁rich ▁colors , ▁intr icate ▁gold ▁acc ents , ▁and ▁distinct ive ▁d ome , ▁the ▁the ater ' s ▁design ▁re defined ▁architecture ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s . ▁The ▁interior ▁of ▁the ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁was ▁del ic ately ▁craft ed ▁and ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁described ▁as ▁“ m yst ical ”. ▁With ▁its ▁intr igu ing ▁res embl ance ▁of ▁an ▁Indian ▁temple , ▁the ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁was ▁a ▁fasc in ating ▁attribute ▁to ▁dow nt own ▁Oak land . ▁At ▁this ▁time ,
▁the aters ▁across ▁the ▁nation ▁st riv ed ▁to ▁be ▁more ▁than ▁just ▁a ▁typical ▁building . ▁The ▁designs ▁of ▁various ▁the aters ▁were ▁inspired ▁greatly ▁by ▁Middle ▁Eastern ▁and ▁Indian ▁architecture . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Fox ▁Theater ▁( disambiguation ) ▁for ▁Fox ▁The at res ▁in ▁other ▁U . S . ▁cities ▁Grand ▁Lake ▁Theatre ▁Param ount ▁Theatre ▁( O ak land , ▁California ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Bag well , ▁Beth . ▁Oak land : ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁a ▁City . ▁Oak land ▁Heritage ▁Alliance , ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁Fox ▁Oak land ▁Theatre ▁Rest oration ▁Project . ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Oct . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁http :// www . o ak land fox . com . ▁ ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁the ▁Oak land ▁Fox . ▁ 2 0 0 4 - 2 0 0 9 . ▁Oct . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁http :// www . fox o ak land . org . ▁ ▁" K yl ie ▁Min og ue ▁pre ps ▁for ▁first ▁ever ▁North ▁American ▁tour ." ▁Live ▁Daily . ▁ 6 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Oct . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁Oak land ▁School ▁for ▁the ▁Arts . ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Oct . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁website . ▁ ▁The ▁Fox ▁Oak land . ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Another ▁Planet . ▁Oct . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Fox ▁Oak land .
com . ▁ ▁" O ak land ' s ▁Historic ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁Re opens ." ▁CBS ▁Channel ▁ 5 , ▁ 5 ▁Feb . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ; ▁Oct . ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁Oak land ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁website ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁the ▁Oak land ▁Fox ▁website ▁Oak land ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁at ▁Cinema ▁Tre asures ▁Fox ▁Oak land ▁Theatre ▁Rest oration ▁Project ▁ ▁Category : Movie ▁pal aces ▁Category : The at res ▁in ▁Oak land , ▁California ▁Category : C in emas ▁and ▁movie ▁the aters ▁in ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay ▁Area ▁Category : History ▁of ▁Oak land , ▁California ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Oak land , ▁California ▁Category : The at res ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁Category : 1 9 2 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Event ▁ven ues ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁Category : Art ▁Dec o ▁architecture ▁in ▁California ▁Category : The at res ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁California ▁Category : We eks ▁and ▁Day ▁buildings <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁elections ▁in ▁Nev ada ▁will ▁be ▁held ▁on ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁to ▁elect ▁the ▁four ▁U . S . ▁Representatives ▁from ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Nev ada , ▁one ▁from ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁state ' s ▁four ▁con gression al ▁districts . ▁The ▁elections ▁will ▁co inci de ▁with
▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁U . S . ▁president ial ▁election , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁elections ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives , ▁elections ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Senate ▁and ▁various ▁state ▁and ▁local ▁elections . ▁ ▁District ▁ 1 ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 st ▁district ▁en comp ass es ▁the ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁St rip , ▁taking ▁in ▁Dow nt own ▁Las ▁Veg as , ▁Win chester , ▁Parad ise , ▁Spring ▁Valley , ▁and ▁Whit ney . ▁The ▁inc umb ent ▁is ▁Dem ocrat ▁D ina ▁Tit us , ▁who ▁was ▁re - elect ed ▁with ▁ 6 6 . 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁Dec la red ▁Allen ▁Rhein hart , ▁candidate ▁for ▁U . S . ▁Senate ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁D ina ▁Tit us , ▁inc umb ent ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁Anthony ▁Thomas ▁Jr ., ▁security ▁guard ▁ ▁End ors ements ▁ ▁Primary ▁results ▁ ▁Republican ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁Dec la red ▁Joy ce ▁Bent ley , ▁real tor ▁and ▁nom ine e ▁for ▁Nev ada ' s ▁ 1 st ▁con gression al ▁district ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Josh ▁Elli ott ▁Edd ie ▁Hamilton , ▁business man ▁and ▁per enn ial ▁candidate ▁Cit l aly ▁L arios - E lias , ▁fashion ▁designer ▁ ▁Primary ▁results ▁ ▁General ▁election ▁ ▁Pred ict ions ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁District ▁ 2 ▁
▁The ▁ 2 nd ▁district ▁covers ▁much ▁of ▁northern ▁Nev ada , ▁including ▁Ren o , ▁S par ks ▁and ▁Car son ▁City . ▁The ▁inc umb ent ▁is ▁Republican ▁Mark ▁Am ode i , ▁who ▁was ▁re - elect ed ▁with ▁ 5 8 . 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Republican ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁Dec la red ▁Mark ▁Am ode i , ▁inc umb ent ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁Jo el ▁Beck , ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁veter an ▁and ▁candidate ▁for ▁Nev ada ' s ▁ 2 nd ▁con gression al ▁district ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁ ▁Dec lined ▁He idi ▁G ans ert , ▁state ▁sen ator ▁Ben ▁K ieck he fer , ▁state ▁sen ator ▁Adam ▁La x alt , ▁former ▁Nev ada ▁Att orney ▁General ▁and ▁candidate ▁for ▁Governor ▁of ▁Nev ada ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁James ▁S ett el me yer , ▁minor ity ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Nev ada ▁Senate ▁D anny ▁T ark an ian , ▁att orney , ▁business man ▁and ▁per enn ial ▁candidate ▁Jim ▁Whe eler , ▁minor ity ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Nev ada ▁Assembly ▁ ▁Pol ling ▁ ▁Primary ▁results ▁ ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁Dec la red ▁Pat ric ia ▁A ck erman , ▁candidate ▁for ▁Nev ada ▁State ▁Assembly ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Ed ▁C ohen , ▁communic ations ▁consult ant ▁Reyn al do ▁Hern ande
z ▁Cl int ▁Ko ble , ▁nom ine e ▁for ▁Nev ada ' s ▁ 2 nd ▁con gression al ▁district ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Ian ▁Lu et ke h ans ▁Steve ▁Schiff man , ▁former ▁U . S . ▁diplom at ▁Rick ▁She ph erd , ▁progress ive ▁activ ist ▁ ▁Primary ▁results ▁ ▁General ▁election ▁ ▁Pred ict ions ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁District ▁ 3 ▁ ▁The ▁ 3 rd ▁district ▁en comp ass es ▁the ▁southern ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁sub ur bs ▁including ▁Enter prise , ▁B ould er ▁City , ▁Hend erson , ▁and ▁Summer lin ▁South . ▁The ▁inc umb ent ▁is ▁Dem ocrat ▁Sus ie ▁Lee , ▁who ▁was ▁elected ▁with ▁ 5 1 . 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁Dec la red ▁Gary ▁Cris pin , ▁market ing ▁consult ant ▁Sus ie ▁Lee , ▁inc umb ent ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁Dennis ▁S ull ivan , ▁phys ician ▁T iff any ▁Watson ▁ ▁Primary ▁results ▁ ▁Republican ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁Dec la red ▁Brian ▁Nad ell , ▁professional ▁pok er ▁player ▁C ory ▁New berry , ▁business man ▁Mind y ▁Robinson , ▁actress ▁Daniel ▁Rod imer , ▁former ▁W WE ▁professional ▁wrest ler ▁and ▁candidate ▁for ▁Nev ada ▁State ▁Senate ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Dan ▁Schw art z , ▁former ▁Nev ada ▁State ▁Tre as urer ▁and ▁candidate ▁for ▁Governor ▁of ▁Nev
ada ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Victor ▁Will ert ▁ ▁End ors ements ▁ ▁Primary ▁results ▁ ▁General ▁election ▁ ▁Pred ict ions ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁District ▁ 4 ▁ ▁The ▁ 4 th ▁district ▁covers ▁the ▁northern ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁sub ur bs , ▁including ▁North ▁Las ▁Veg as , ▁and ▁takes ▁in ▁rural ▁central ▁Nev ada . ▁The ▁inc umb ent ▁is ▁Dem ocrat ▁Steven ▁H ors ford , ▁who ▁was ▁elected ▁with ▁ 5 1 . 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁Dec la red ▁George ▁Bru c ato , ▁painting ▁contract or ▁Chris ▁Col ley ▁ ▁Gab ri elle ▁D ' A yr , ▁risk ▁manager ▁Jenn ifer ▁E ason , ▁progress ive ▁activ ist ▁Steven ▁H ors ford , ▁inc umb ent ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁Gregory ▁K empt on , ▁teacher ▁ ▁Primary ▁results ▁ ▁Republican ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁Dec la red ▁Ros al ie ▁B ingham , ▁business w oman ▁Leo ▁Bl undo , ▁N ye ▁County ▁commission er ▁Jim ▁March ant , ▁former ▁state ▁assembly man ▁Charles ▁Navar ro , ▁former ▁district ▁director ▁for ▁former ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁C res ent ▁Hard y ▁and ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁veter an ▁Sam ▁Peters , ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁veter an ▁and ▁business man ▁Rand i ▁Re ed , ▁entrepr ene ur ▁Lisa ▁Song ▁S utton , ▁business w oman ,
▁att orney ▁and ▁former ▁Miss ▁Nev ada ▁USA ▁Reb e cca ▁Wood , ▁business w oman ▁ ▁End ors ements ▁ ▁Primary ▁results ▁ ▁General ▁election ▁ ▁Pred ict ions ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Part isan ▁clients ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁campaign ▁websites ▁for ▁ 1 st ▁district ▁candidates ▁ ▁D ina ▁Tit us ▁( D ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Cit l aly ▁L arios - E lias ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Official ▁campaign ▁websites ▁for ▁ 2 nd ▁district ▁candidates ▁ ▁Mark ▁Am ode i ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Cl int ▁Ko ble ▁( D ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Official ▁campaign ▁websites ▁for ▁ 3 rd ▁district ▁candidates ▁ ▁Sus ie ▁Lee ▁( D ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Dan ▁Rod imer ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Dan ▁Schw art z ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Official ▁campaign ▁websites ▁for ▁ 4 th ▁district ▁candidates ▁ ▁Leo ▁Bl undo ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Leo ▁Dun son ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Steven ▁H ors ford ▁( D ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Jim ▁March ant ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Charles ▁Navar ro ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Sam ▁Peters ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Rand i ▁Re ed ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Lisa ▁Song ▁S utton ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Reb e cca ▁Wood ▁( R ) ▁for ▁Congress ▁ ▁Nev ada ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁House <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁Barry ▁William ▁If
e ▁ ▁( born ▁ 1 9 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 7 ) ▁was ▁Princi pal ▁of ▁the ▁Gu ild hall ▁School ▁of ▁Music ▁and ▁D rama ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 4 - 2 0 1 6 ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁King ' s ▁College ▁London ▁( BA , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁and ▁B irk beck , ▁University ▁of ▁London ▁( Ph D ▁ 1 9 8 4 ). ▁He ▁was ▁kn ight ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁New ▁Year ▁Hon ours . ▁The ▁second ▁principal ▁of ▁the ▁Gu ild hall ▁School ▁of ▁Music ▁and ▁D rama ▁to ▁be ▁so ▁hon oured , ▁the ▁first ▁being ▁Sir ▁Land on ▁Ron ald ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁King ' s ▁College ▁London ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁B irk beck , ▁University ▁of ▁London ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁King ' s ▁College ▁London ▁Category : Command ers ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁Category : K n ights ▁Bach elor <0x0A> </s> ▁St air way ▁to ▁the ▁Stars ▁was ▁an ▁early ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁which ▁a ired ▁on ▁Melbourne ▁station ▁H SV - 7 . ▁The ▁first ▁episode ▁a ired ▁ 9 ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁with ▁the ▁series ▁ending ▁circa ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 8 . ▁ ▁Host s ▁of ▁the ▁series
▁included ▁Eric ▁Pear ce ▁for ▁early ▁episodes , ▁and ▁Geoff ▁Mc Com as ▁for ▁later ▁episodes . ▁ ▁Origin ally ▁broadcast ▁on ▁Frid ays , ▁it ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁Wed nes days . ▁Compet ition ▁in ▁the ▁time - sl ot ▁varied . ▁At ▁first , ▁since ▁H SV - 7 ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁station ▁in ▁Melbourne , ▁the ▁series ▁had ▁no ▁competition ▁in ▁the ▁time - sl ot . ▁By ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁the ▁series ▁competed ▁against ▁U . S . ▁series ▁Alfred ▁H itch cock ▁Pres ents ▁on ▁G TV - 9 ▁and ▁UK ▁series ▁The ▁World ▁is ▁O urs ▁on ▁AB V - 2 . ▁By ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁episodes ▁competed ▁against ▁U . S . ▁comedy ▁series ▁Sus ie ▁on ▁G TV - 9 , ▁while ▁AB V - 2 ▁featured ▁E lection ▁T alk ▁and ▁UK ▁series ▁Fab ian ▁of ▁the ▁Y ard . ▁ ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁a ▁talent ▁show . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁episode ▁broadcast ▁ 2 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁featured ▁a ▁pop ▁vocal ist , ▁a ▁sop rano , ▁a ▁dan cer , ▁a ▁ten or , ▁and ▁a ▁sa x oph on ist , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Son ia ▁K orn ▁as ▁the ▁guest . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁St air way ▁to ▁the ▁Stars ▁at ▁IMDb ▁ ▁Category : Se ven ▁Network ▁shows ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 1 9 5 8 ▁Australian ▁television
▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : 1 9 5 0 s ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Black - and - white ▁Australian ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : Austral ian ▁variety ▁television ▁shows <0x0A> </s> ▁M st ów ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁J od ł ownik , ▁within ▁Lim an owa ▁County , ▁L esser ▁Poland ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁southern ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁north ▁of ▁J od ł ownik , ▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁Lim an owa , ▁and ▁ ▁south - east ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Krak ów . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Lim an owa ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Pro st itution ▁in ▁Ken ya ▁is ▁w ides p read . ▁The ▁legal ▁situation ▁is ▁complex . ▁Although ▁prost itution ▁is ▁not ▁criminal ised ▁by ▁Federal ▁law , ▁municipal ▁by - la ws ▁may ▁prohib it ▁it . ▁( N airo bi ▁b anned ▁all ▁sex ▁work ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 7 ). ▁It ▁is ▁illegal ▁to ▁profit ▁from ▁the ▁prost itution ▁of ▁others , ▁and ▁to ▁aid , ▁ab et , ▁comp el ▁or ▁in cite ▁prost itution . ▁( Se ctions ▁ 1 5 3 ▁and ▁ 1 5 4 ▁of ▁the ▁Pen al ▁Code ). ▁U NA ID S ▁estimate ▁there ▁to ▁be ▁ 1 3 3 , 6 7 5 ▁prost it utes ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁ ▁Many ▁foreign
▁men ▁and ▁women ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁sex ▁tour ism , ▁which ▁is ▁th riv ing ▁at ▁resort s ▁along ▁Ken ya ' s ▁coast . ▁Th ous ands ▁of ▁girls ▁and ▁boys ▁are ▁involved ▁in ▁full - time ▁child ▁prost itution ▁due ▁to ▁pover ty ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁ ▁Sex ▁workers ▁report ▁ab use , ▁ext ort ion ▁and ▁violence ▁from ▁the ▁police . ▁ ▁Sex ▁tour ism ▁on ▁the ▁coast ▁ ▁The ▁min istry ▁for ▁tour ism ▁in ▁Ken ya ▁has ▁been ▁sever ely ▁critic ised ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁lack ▁of ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁bo oming ▁sex ▁tour ism ▁and ▁child ▁explo itation ▁on ▁the ▁Ken yan ▁coast . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁a ▁study ▁by ▁UN ICE F ▁reported ▁that ▁up ▁to ▁ 3 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁children ▁aged ▁between ▁ 1 2 ▁and ▁ 1 8 ▁in ▁the ▁coast al ▁regions ▁of ▁Mal indi , ▁M omb asa , ▁Kil ifi ▁and ▁D iani ▁were ▁engaged ▁in ▁some ▁form ▁of ▁sex ▁work . ▁ ▁Pro st itution ▁and ▁health ▁▁ ▁Access ▁to ▁health ▁services ▁is ▁guaranteed ▁by ▁Article ▁ 4 3 ▁of ▁the ▁Ken yan ▁Constitution . ▁However ▁sex ▁workers ▁are ▁often ▁disc rimin ated ▁against ▁and ▁access ▁to ▁health ▁services ▁limited . ▁▁ ▁Ken ya ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁most ▁H IV ▁affected ▁countries . ▁Sex ▁workers ▁are ▁the ▁most ▁affected ▁group ▁within ▁the ▁country . ▁Research ▁has ▁shown ▁that ▁around ▁ 3 0 % ▁of ▁sex ▁workers
▁are ▁H IV ▁positive . ▁ ▁L ack ▁of ▁cond om ▁use , ▁( both ▁amongst ▁sex ▁workers ▁and ▁the ▁general ▁public ), ▁fuel led ▁the ▁spread ▁of ▁H IV ▁and ▁other ▁ST Is . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁Ken yan ▁Government ▁has ▁been ▁distrib uting ▁free ▁cond oms ▁( 1 8 0 ▁million ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁and ▁educ ating ▁the ▁public ▁on ▁their ▁use . ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁N airo bi ▁and ▁Prof ▁Elizabeth ▁Ng ug i ▁established ▁a ▁program ▁with ▁local ▁prost it utes ▁to ▁educ ate ▁and ▁emp ower ▁them ▁by ▁encourag ing ▁cond om ▁use . ▁A ▁study ▁of ▁N airo bi ▁sex ▁workers ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁reported ▁about ▁two ▁third s ▁always ▁use ▁cond oms ▁with ▁clients . ▁This ▁comp ares ▁with ▁ 4 0 % ▁amongst ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁general ▁public ▁who ▁have ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁partners . ▁ ▁H IV ▁and ▁ST I ▁testing ▁is ▁volunt ary , ▁however ▁as ▁the ▁H IV ▁and ▁A ID S ▁Pre vention ▁and ▁Control ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁criminal ised ▁H IV ▁transmission , ▁there ▁is ▁some ▁rel uct ance ▁for ▁sex ▁workers ▁to ▁get ▁tested . ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁N airo bi ▁sex ▁workers ' ▁study ▁found ▁ 8 6 % ▁had ▁been ▁tested , ▁ 6 3 % ▁within ▁the ▁previous ▁ 1 2 ▁months . ▁▁ ▁This ▁bo oming ▁trade ▁in ▁sex ▁tour ism ▁goes ▁on ▁ ▁with ▁the ▁Ken
yan ▁Tour ism ▁Police ' s ▁full ▁knowledge . ▁They ▁do ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁disc ou rage ▁the ▁hundreds ▁of ▁thousands ▁of ▁white ▁tour ists ▁from ▁coming ▁to ▁Ken ya ' s ▁coast , ▁regardless ▁of ▁the ▁damage ▁it ▁does ▁to ▁young ▁Ken y ans . ▁ ▁Sex ▁tra ff ick ing ▁ ▁Ken ya ▁is ▁a ▁source , ▁trans it , ▁and ▁destination ▁country ▁for ▁men , ▁women , ▁and ▁children ▁subject ed ▁to ▁sex ▁tra ff ick ing . ▁Boys ▁were ▁increasing ly ▁subject ed ▁to ▁tra ff ick ing . ▁Girls ▁and ▁boys ▁are ▁explo ited ▁in ▁commercial ▁sex ▁throughout ▁Ken ya , ▁including ▁in ▁sex ▁tour ism ▁in ▁N airo bi , ▁K is um u , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁coast , ▁particularly ▁in ▁inform al ▁settlement s ; ▁at ▁times , ▁their ▁explo itation ▁is ▁facil itated ▁by ▁family ▁members . ▁Children ▁are ▁also ▁explo ited ▁in ▁sex ▁tra ff ick ing ▁by ▁people ▁working ▁in ▁k hat ▁( a ▁m ild ▁n arc otic ) ▁cultiv ation ▁areas , ▁near ▁gold ▁mines ▁in ▁western ▁Ken ya , ▁by ▁tr uck ▁drivers ▁along ▁major ▁high ways , ▁and ▁by ▁fish erm en ▁on ▁Lake ▁Victoria . ▁Ken y ans ▁are ▁rec ru ited ▁by ▁legal ▁or ▁illegal ▁employ ment ▁ag encies ▁or ▁volunt arily ▁migr ate ▁to ▁Europe , ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁S out heast ▁Asia , ▁and ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁particularly ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia , ▁Leb anon , ▁K uw ait , ▁Q atar
, ▁the ▁U AE , ▁and ▁O man , ▁in ▁search ▁of ▁employ ment , ▁where ▁at ▁times ▁they ▁are ▁explo ited ▁in ▁mass age ▁parl ours ▁and ▁bro th els ,. ▁Re ports ▁al lege ▁gay ▁and ▁bis ex ual ▁Ken yan ▁men ▁are ▁de cept ively ▁rec ru ited ▁from ▁univers ities ▁with ▁promises ▁of ▁over se as ▁jobs , ▁but ▁are ▁forced ▁into ▁prost itution ▁in ▁Q atar ▁and ▁U AE . ▁Ken yan ▁women ▁are ▁subject ed ▁to ▁forced ▁prost itution ▁in ▁Th ailand ▁by ▁U g and an ▁and ▁Niger ian ▁tra ff ick ers . ▁ ▁Some ▁children ▁in ▁D ada ab ▁and ▁K ak uma ▁refuge e ▁cam ps ▁may ▁be ▁subject ed ▁to ▁sex ▁tra ff ick ing . ▁Children ▁from ▁East ▁Africa ▁and ▁South ▁Sud an ▁are ▁subject ed ▁to ▁sex ▁tra ff ick ing ▁in ▁Ken ya . ▁Tru cks ▁transport ing ▁goods ▁from ▁Ken ya ▁to ▁Som alia ▁returned ▁to ▁Ken ya ▁with ▁girls ▁and ▁women ▁subsequently ▁explo ited ▁in ▁bro th els ▁in ▁N airo bi ▁or ▁M omb asa . ▁Nep al ese ▁and ▁Indian ▁women ▁rec ru ited ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁mu j ra ▁dance ▁clubs ▁in ▁N airo bi ▁and ▁M omb asa ▁face ▁deb t ▁bond age , ▁which ▁they ▁are ▁forced ▁to ▁pay ▁off ▁by ▁dan cing ▁and ▁forced ▁prost itution . ▁ ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Department ▁of ▁State ▁Office ▁to ▁Mon itor ▁and ▁Com bat ▁Tra ff ick ing ▁in ▁Pers ons ▁ranks ▁Ken ya
▁as ▁a ▁' T ier ▁ 2 ' ▁country . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Sex ▁for ▁fish ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Sex ▁Tour ism ▁Old er ▁white ▁women ▁join ▁Ken ya ' s ▁sex ▁tour ists ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁Robinson : ▁R isk - C op ing ▁through ▁Sex ual ▁Network s . ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁N airo bi ▁N ights : ▁B log ▁of ▁a ▁N airo bi ▁sex ▁worker ▁ ▁Lu ise ▁White : ▁The ▁Com fort s ▁of ▁Home : ▁Pro st itution ▁in ▁Col onial ▁N airo bi . ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁ ▁An atom y ▁of ▁prost it utes ▁and ▁prost itution ▁in ▁Ken ya . ▁University ▁of ▁N airo bi ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁ ▁' Pro st itution ', ▁' R isk ,' and ▁' Res p ons ibility ': ▁Parad ig ms ▁of ▁A ID S ▁Pre vention ▁and ▁Women ' s ▁Ident ities ▁in ▁Th ika , ▁Ken ya , ▁K ▁K iel mann , ▁in ▁An ▁anth rop ology ▁of ▁inf ect ious ▁disease : ▁international ▁health ▁pers pect ives , ▁By ▁Mar cia ▁Cla ire ▁In horn , ▁Peter ▁J . ▁Brown . ▁Rout ledge ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁An atom y ▁of ▁Pro st it utes ▁and ▁Pro st itution ▁in ▁Ken ya . ▁J M ▁G ach u hi ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁Institute ▁for ▁Development ▁Studies , ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁Pro st itution
, ▁Identity , ▁and ▁Class ▁Cons cious ness ▁in ▁N airo bi ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁Lu ise ▁White . ▁Sign s . ▁Vol . ▁ 1 1 , ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁( W inter , ▁ 1 9 8 6 ), ▁pp . 2 5 5 – 2 7 3 ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁domestic ▁labor ▁in ▁colonial ▁Ken ya : ▁Pro st itution ▁in ▁N airo bi , ▁ 1 9 0 9 - 1 9 5 0 . ▁Lu ise ▁White , ▁Boston ▁University ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁▁▁ ▁Category : K en yan ▁society <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁the ▁Act s ▁of ▁the ▁Apost les , ▁Joseph ▁B ars ab bas ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁Just us ) ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁candidates ▁qualified ▁to ▁be ▁chosen ▁for ▁the ▁office ▁of ▁apost le ▁after ▁Jud as ▁Is c ari ot ▁lost ▁his ▁apost les hip ▁when ▁he ▁bet rayed ▁Jesus ▁and ▁committed ▁suic ide . ▁After ▁the ▁casting ▁of ▁lots ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁chosen , ▁the ▁lot ▁instead ▁favor ing ▁Matth ias ▁to ▁be ▁number ed ▁with ▁the ▁remaining ▁eleven ▁apost les . ▁▁ 2 1 Where fore ▁of ▁these ▁men ▁who ▁have ▁compan ied ▁with ▁us , ▁all ▁the ▁time ▁that ▁the ▁Lord ▁Jesus ▁came ▁in ▁and ▁went ▁out ▁among ▁us , ▁ 2 2 Begin ning ▁from ▁the ▁bapt ism ▁of ▁John , ▁until ▁the ▁day ▁where in ▁he ▁was ▁taken ▁up ▁from ▁us , ▁one ▁of ▁these ▁must ▁be ▁made ▁a ▁witness ▁with
▁us ▁of ▁his ▁res urre ction . ▁ 2 3 And ▁they ▁appointed ▁two , ▁Joseph , ▁called ▁B ars ab as , ▁who ▁wa ▁s ▁s urn amed ▁Just us , ▁and ▁Matth ias . ▁ 2 4 And ▁pray ing , ▁they ▁said : ▁Th ou , ▁Lord , ▁who ▁know est ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁all ▁men , ▁she w ▁whether ▁of ▁these ▁two ▁thou ▁hast ▁chosen , ▁ 2 5 To ▁take ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁this ▁min istry ▁and ▁apost les hip , ▁from ▁which ▁Jud as ▁hath ▁by ▁trans gression ▁fallen , ▁that ▁he ▁might ▁go ▁to ▁his ▁own ▁place . ▁ 2 6 And ▁they ▁gave ▁them ▁lot , ▁and ▁the ▁lot ▁fell ▁upon ▁Matth ias , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁number ed ▁with ▁the ▁eleven ▁apost les . ▁— Act s ▁ 1 : 2 1 – 2 6 ▁D - R ▁ ▁Both ▁Joseph ▁and ▁Matth ias ▁had ▁been ▁follow ers ▁of ▁Jesus ▁from ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁Jesus ' ▁public ▁min istry ▁after ▁the ▁bapt ism ▁he ▁received ▁from ▁John . ▁He ▁had ▁continued ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁larger ▁company ▁of ▁dis ci ples ▁even ▁to ▁the ▁time ▁that ▁Jesus ▁was ▁taken ▁up ▁from ▁them . ▁ ▁Further ▁identification ▁of ▁Joseph ▁is ▁uncertain . ▁In ▁Christian ▁tradition ▁he ▁is ▁number ed ▁among ▁the ▁Se vent y ▁dis ci ples ▁mentioned ▁in ▁, ▁although ▁the ▁bib lic al ▁text ▁mentions ▁no ▁names . ▁" After ▁these ▁things ▁the ▁Lord ▁appointed ▁other ▁sevent y ▁also , ▁and ▁sent
▁them ▁two ▁and ▁two ▁before ▁his ▁face ▁into ▁every ▁city ▁and ▁place , ▁wh ither ▁he ▁himself ▁would ▁come ." ▁( 1 0 : 1 ) ▁ ▁The olog ian ▁Robert ▁Eisen man ▁has ▁read ▁the ▁shadow y ▁figure ▁of ▁" Jose ph ▁Just us " ▁as ▁either ▁a ▁not - so - sub t le ▁cover ▁for ▁James ▁the ▁Just , ▁or ▁a ▁cl oned ▁confl ation ▁who ▁represents ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁figure ▁all ▁the ▁Des pos yn i ▁( Bro thers ▁of ▁Jesus ) — re ject ed , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁Act s ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁otherwise - unknown ▁Matth ias . ▁Bar nes ’ ▁Notes ▁on ▁the ▁Bible ▁says ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁“ s urn amed ▁Just us ” ▁or ▁who ▁“ was ▁called ▁Just us ” : ▁“ This ▁is ▁a ▁Latin ▁name , ▁meaning ▁just , ▁and ▁was ▁probably ▁given ▁him ▁on ▁account ▁of ▁his ▁distinguished ▁integrity .” ▁The ▁Ang lic an ▁Bible ▁scholar ▁J . B . ▁Light foot ▁“ supp oses ▁that ▁he ▁[ Jose ph ▁B ars ab bas ] ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Al pha eus ▁and ▁brother ▁of ▁James ▁the ▁Less , ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁chosen ▁on ▁account ▁of ▁his ▁relationship ▁to ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁the ▁Lord ▁Jesus .” ▁ ▁In ▁Christian ▁tradition , ▁this ▁Just us ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁become ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Ele uther opol is , ▁where ▁he ▁died ▁a ▁mart yr ▁and ▁is ▁v ener ated ▁as ▁Saint ▁Just us ▁of ▁Ele uther opol is
. ▁The ▁location ▁provides ▁a ▁date ▁for ▁this ▁legend , ▁since ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁Ele uther opol is ▁was ▁a ▁mere ▁village ▁called ▁Bet aris ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁century , ▁whose ▁inhabitants ▁were ▁s lain ▁and ▁ens la ved ▁with ▁others ▁by ▁V esp as ian ▁in ▁AD ▁ 6 8 ▁( Jose ph us ). ▁The ▁site ▁was ▁ref ounded , ▁as ▁Ele uther opol is , ▁in ▁AD ▁ 2 0 0 ▁by ▁Sept im ius ▁Sever us . ▁The ▁first ▁historical ▁bishop , ▁Mac r inus , ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁century , ▁when ▁Ele uther opol is ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁city . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Se vent y ▁dis ci ples ▁Category : 1 st - century ▁b ish ops ▁Category : Pe ople ▁in ▁Act s ▁of ▁the ▁Apost les ▁Category : S ain ts ▁from ▁the ▁Holy ▁Land <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁ 9 0 th ▁in ▁the ▁club ' s ▁history . ▁Co ached ▁by ▁Brian ▁Smith ▁and ▁capt ained ▁by ▁Rob bie ▁Paul ▁the ▁newly ▁brand ed ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s ▁competed ▁in ▁Super ▁League ▁I . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁finished ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁in ▁ 3 rd ▁place ▁and ▁made ▁the ▁semi ▁final , ▁losing ▁ 3 6 - 4 2 ▁to ▁W igan ▁War riors . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁also ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Challenge ▁Cup , ▁reaching ▁the ▁final
▁which ▁they ▁lost ▁ 3 2 - 4 0 ▁to ▁St . ▁Hel ens . ▁ ▁Season ▁review ▁ ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁season ▁started ▁off ▁well ▁for ▁the ▁Brad ford ▁Northern ▁club ▁newly ▁re - brand ed ▁as ▁the ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s . ▁In ▁their ▁first ▁compet itive ▁match ▁they ▁defeated ▁Bat ley ▁ 6 0 – 1 8 ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁Round ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Challenge ▁Cup . ▁Australian ▁import ▁Jer emy ▁Don ough er ▁scored ▁the ▁club ' s ▁first ▁try ▁under ▁the ▁Bull s ▁brand . ▁Brad ford ' s ▁form ▁in ▁the ▁Cup ▁continued ▁after ▁be ating ▁Division ▁ 1 ▁side ▁Le igh ▁ 4 4 – 1 2 ▁at ▁Hil ton ▁Park . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁success ▁continued ▁as ▁they ▁hosted ▁W ake field ▁Tr inity ▁in ▁the ▁quarter - final s , ▁however ▁after ▁a ▁brief ▁sc are ▁Brad ford ▁managed ▁to ▁overcome ▁W ake field ▁and ▁win ▁ 3 0 – 1 8 . ▁ ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁March ▁started ▁off ▁with ▁a ▁great ▁performance ▁in ▁the ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁semi - final ▁against ▁arch - rival s ▁Le eds , ▁the ▁Bull s ▁played ▁some ▁brilliant ▁rugby ▁to ▁ensure ▁a ▁ 2 8 – 6 ▁win ▁ear ning ▁them ▁a ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁Final . ▁Brad ford ▁also ▁k icked ▁off ▁the ▁brand ▁new ▁Super ▁League ▁I ▁with
▁a ▁ 3 0 – 1 8 ▁win ▁over ▁Castle ford ▁Tig ers ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 0 , 0 2 7 ▁crowd . ▁ ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁A ▁trip ▁to ▁She ff ield ▁E ag les ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁cards ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s ▁first ▁away ▁trip ▁of ▁the ▁Super ▁League ▁season , ▁however ▁the ▁E ag les ▁were ▁just ▁too ▁powerful ▁for ▁Brad ford ▁and ▁the ▁Bull s ▁were ▁sound ly ▁be aten ▁ 2 4 – 4 0 . ▁However ▁April ▁got ▁a ▁little ▁br ighter ▁as ▁the ▁Bull s ▁b ounced ▁back ▁to ▁beat ▁London ▁ 3 1 – 2 4 ▁to ▁take ▁them ▁up ▁to ▁ 5 th ▁in ▁the ▁league ▁table . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁were ▁brought ▁back ▁down ▁to ▁earth ▁after ▁their ▁win ▁against ▁London ▁as ▁St . ▁Hel ens ▁beat ▁Brad ford ▁ 2 6 – 2 0 ▁at ▁Kn ows ley ▁Road . ▁Brad ford ▁suffered ▁back ▁to ▁back ▁defe ats ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁this ▁season , ▁losing ▁ 2 2 – 6 ▁to ▁W igan . ▁Brad ford ▁narrow ly ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁Final ▁against ▁St . ▁Hel ens , ▁Brad ford ▁went ▁ 2 6 – 1 2 ▁at ▁one ▁point ▁but ▁Sain ts ▁half back ▁Bob bie ▁G ould ing ▁pe pper ed ▁the ▁Brad ford ▁full back ▁Nathan ▁Graham ▁with ▁bomb s ▁which ▁turned ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁fruit ful ▁for ▁the ▁Sain ts ▁who ▁scored ▁
3 ▁tries ▁of ▁G ould ing ' s ▁k icks ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁match ▁ 4 0 – 3 2 ▁leaving ▁the ▁Brad ford ▁players ▁and ▁fans ▁feeling ▁de ject ed . ▁ ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁Brad ford ▁started ▁off ▁May ▁in ▁good ▁form ▁after ▁losing ▁the ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁Final ▁by ▁be ating ▁W arr ington ▁ 3 6 – 1 4 ▁at ▁O ds al ▁Stadium , ▁the ▁Bull s ▁then ▁travel led ▁to ▁Old ham ▁and ▁beat ▁Old ham ▁B ears ▁ 3 0 – 1 0 . ▁This ▁would ▁be ▁Brad ford ' s ▁first ▁back ▁to ▁back ▁win ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁then ▁beat ▁Paris ▁St ▁Germ ain ▁ 6 0 – 3 2 ▁at ▁home ▁before ▁destroy ing ▁arch ▁riv als ▁Le eds ▁ 5 4 – 8 ▁in ▁Round ▁ 9 . ▁These ▁wins ▁took ▁the ▁Bull s ▁to ▁four ▁games ▁un be aten ▁and ▁un be aten ▁for ▁the ▁whole ▁of ▁May . ▁ ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁The ▁Bull s ▁started ▁June ▁with ▁a ▁massive ▁ 5 2 – 4 ▁win ▁over ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁league ▁Work ington , ▁Brad ford ▁ran ▁in ▁ 1 0 ▁tries ▁in ▁this ▁em ph atic ▁win . ▁Brad ford ▁carried ▁on ▁their ▁form ▁at ▁Th rum ▁Hall ▁where ▁they ▁sc rap ed ▁a ▁win ▁at ▁local ▁riv als ▁Hal if ax ▁Blue ▁So x ▁in ▁a ▁hard - f ought ▁ 2 2 – 2 0 ▁contest .
▁Brad ford ' s ▁ 6 ▁game ▁un be aten ▁run ▁was ▁put ▁to ▁an ▁end ▁by ▁a ▁great ▁performance ▁by ▁Castle ford ▁Tig ers ▁led ▁by ▁their ▁t alis man ▁Fran o ▁Bot ica , ▁the ▁Tig ers ▁cl inch ed ▁the ▁game ▁ 2 6 – 2 3 . ▁However ▁the ▁Bull s ▁respond ed ▁the ▁following ▁week ▁by ▁destroy ing ▁the ▁She ff ield ▁E ag les ▁ 6 4 – 2 2 ▁at ▁O ds al . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁followed ▁up ▁this ▁win ▁with ▁a ▁hard ▁fought ▁ 2 2 – 1 6 ▁win ▁over ▁London ▁Bron cos . ▁ ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁Brad ford ▁beat ▁St . ▁Hel ens ▁in ▁an ▁excellent ▁display ▁of ▁rugby ▁league , ▁they ▁took ▁the ▁Sain ts ▁apart ▁and ▁won ▁ 5 0 – 2 2 ▁to ▁exact ▁reven ge ▁for ▁their ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁Final ▁defeat . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁excellent ▁form ▁continued ▁as ▁they ▁batt led ▁W igan ▁at ▁O ds al ▁Stadium ▁and ▁the ▁York shire ▁club ▁came ▁up ▁with ▁a ▁ 2 0 – 1 2 ▁win . ▁Their ▁ 5 th ▁consecutive ▁win ▁came ▁at ▁Wild ers pool ▁Stadium ▁where ▁they ▁took ▁on ▁W arr ington ▁and ▁came ▁away ▁with ▁the ▁spo ils ▁be ating ▁W arr ington ▁ 3 0 – 2 0 . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁d ished ▁out ▁another ▁th ump ing ▁however ▁this ▁one ▁wasn ' t ▁as ▁impress ive ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁against ▁Old ham ▁B ears , ▁they
▁did ▁keep ▁Old ham ▁to ▁zero ▁points ▁though ▁as ▁Brad ford ▁were ▁ 5 6 – 0 ▁vict ors . ▁ ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁August ▁started ▁off ▁well ▁for ▁Brad ford ▁as ▁they ▁demol ished ▁arch - rival s ▁Le eds ▁ 5 6 – 1 8 ▁with ▁the ▁mer cur ial ▁Rob bie ▁Paul ▁gra bb ing ▁his ▁ 3 rd ▁hat - tr ick ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁The ▁Bull s ▁extended ▁their ▁winning ▁stre ak ▁to ▁eight ▁games ▁when ▁they ▁beat ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁league ▁Work ington ▁ 2 8 – 1 4 ▁in ▁a ▁hard ▁fought ▁contest . ▁Local ▁team ▁Hal if ax ▁Blue ▁So x ▁put ▁an ▁end ▁to ▁the ▁Bull s ' ▁winning ▁stre ak ▁as ▁Brad ford ▁succ um bed ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 7 – 2 6 ▁defeat ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁home ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁The ▁last ▁regular ▁season ▁game ▁came ▁in ▁Paris ▁where ▁the ▁Bull s ▁beat ▁Paris ▁St ▁Germ ain ▁ 2 7 – 1 4 ▁which ▁meant ▁they ▁finished ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁the ▁league , ▁ 5 ▁points ▁behind ▁W igan ▁and ▁ 6 ▁points ▁behind ▁league ▁leaders ▁St . ▁Hel ens . ▁This ▁meant ▁that ▁the ▁Bull s ▁had ▁to ▁travel ▁to ▁Central ▁Park ▁to ▁play ▁W igan ▁in ▁the ▁Prem iers hip ▁Tro phy ▁Sem i - final , ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁his ▁last ▁game ▁in ▁a ▁W igan ▁sh irt ▁Sh a un ▁Edwards ▁scored ▁ 4 ▁tries ▁to ▁end ▁Brad ford
' s ▁hopes ▁of ▁a ▁Prem iers hip ▁final ▁appearance ▁in ▁a ▁hard ▁fought ▁ 4 2 – 3 6 ▁W igan ▁win . ▁ ▁Mil est ones ▁ ▁C CR 4 : ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s ▁win ▁their ▁first ▁compet itive ▁game ▁after ▁re - brand ing . ▁ ▁C CR 4 : ▁Jer emy ▁Don ough er ▁scored ▁the ▁Bull s ▁first ▁try ▁under ▁the ▁re - brand ed ▁club . ▁C CR 4 : ▁Jer emy ▁Don ough er , ▁Son ny ▁Nick le , ▁Dav ide ▁Long o , ▁Gary ▁Christ ie , ▁Paul ▁Cook , ▁Karl ▁Fair bank , ▁Carlos ▁Hass an , ▁Paul ▁L ough lin ▁and ▁Paul ▁Med ley ▁all ▁scored ▁their ▁ 1 st ▁tries ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁C CR 4 : ▁Dav ide ▁Long o ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁hat - tr ick ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁C CR 4 : ▁Paul ▁Cook ▁k icked ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁C CR 5 : ▁Jon ▁S cal es ▁and ▁Simon ▁Kno x ▁scored ▁their ▁ 1 st ▁tries ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁CC Q F : ▁Gra eme ▁Brad ley ▁and ▁Jason ▁Don oh ue ▁scored ▁their ▁ 1 st ▁tries ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁C CS F : ▁Jon ▁S cal es ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁hat - tr ick ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁C CS F : ▁Matt ▁Call and ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁try ▁for ▁the ▁Bull
s . ▁Round ▁ 1 : ▁Jer emy ▁Don ough er ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁hat - tr ick ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 1 : ▁Rob bie ▁Paul ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁try ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 1 : ▁Paul ▁L ough lin ▁k icked ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁club . ▁Round ▁ 2 : ▁James ▁Low es ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁try ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 3 : ▁Bernard ▁D w yer ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁try ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 3 : ▁Paul ▁Cook ▁k icked ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁drop - goal ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 4 : ▁Matt ▁Call and ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁hat - tr ick ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 4 : ▁Steve ▁Mc N am ara ▁k icked ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁CC ▁Final : ▁Rob bie ▁Paul ▁scored ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁ever ▁hat - tr ick ▁in ▁a ▁cup ▁final ▁and ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁hat - tr ick ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 7 : ▁Brian ▁Mc D erm ott ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁try ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 8 : ▁Glen ▁Tom lin son ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁try ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 9 : ▁Stuart ▁Spr uce ▁and ▁Steve ▁Mc N am ara ▁scored ▁their ▁ 1 st
▁tries ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 1 0 : ▁Paul ▁Cook ▁reached ▁ 1 0 0 ▁points ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁player ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁under ▁the ▁new ▁brand . ▁Round ▁ 1 0 : ▁Joe ▁Tam ani ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁try ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 1 2 : ▁Steve ▁Mc N am ara ▁k icked ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁drop - goal ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 1 8 : ▁Rob bie ▁Paul ▁scored ▁his ▁ 2 nd ▁hat - tr ick ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Round ▁ 1 9 : ▁Rob bie ▁Paul ▁scored ▁his ▁ 3 rd ▁hat - tr ick ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁Prem iers hip ▁Tro phy ▁Sem i - final : ▁Gra eme ▁Brad ley ▁scored ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁hat - tr ick ▁for ▁the ▁Bull s . ▁ ▁Table ▁ ▁F i xt ures ▁ ▁Super ▁League ▁I ▁ ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁ ▁Squad ▁Statistics ▁include ▁appearances ▁and ▁points ▁in ▁the ▁Super ▁League , ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁and ▁Prem iers hip ▁Tro phy . ▁ ▁Trans fers ▁ ▁In ▁ ▁Out ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s ▁Website ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s ▁in ▁T & A ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s ▁on ▁Sky ▁Sports ▁Brad ford ▁on ▁Super ▁League ▁Site ▁Red , Black ▁And ▁Am ber ▁BBC ▁Sport - R ugby ▁League ▁ ▁Category : B rad ford ▁Bull s ▁seasons ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s <0x0A> </s> ▁Le is ler
' s ▁Reb ell ion ▁was ▁an ▁u pr ising ▁in ▁late - 1 7 th ▁century ▁colonial ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁which ▁German ▁American ▁merchant ▁and ▁milit ia ▁captain ▁Jacob ▁Le is ler ▁seized ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁col ony ' s ▁south ▁and ▁ruled ▁it ▁from ▁ 1 6 8 9 ▁to ▁ 1 6 9 1 . ▁The ▁u pr ising ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁Britain ' s ▁G lor ious ▁Revolution ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 6 8 9 ▁Boston ▁revol t ▁in ▁the ▁Domin ion ▁of ▁New ▁England , ▁which ▁had ▁included ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁re bell ion ▁reflected ▁colonial ▁res ent ment ▁against ▁the ▁policies ▁of ▁de posed ▁King ▁James II . ▁ ▁Royal ▁authority ▁was ▁not ▁restored ▁until ▁ 1 6 9 1 ▁when ▁English ▁troops ▁and ▁a ▁new ▁governor ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁New ▁York . ▁Le is ler ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁these ▁forces , ▁who ▁tried ▁and ▁conv icted ▁him ▁of ▁tre ason . ▁He ▁was ▁executed , ▁but ▁the ▁revol t ▁left ▁the ▁col ony ▁polar ized , ▁bitter ly ▁split ▁into ▁two ▁rival ▁fa ctions . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁English ▁forces ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁New ▁Nether land ▁in ▁ 1 6 6 4 ▁and ▁King ▁Charles ▁II ▁gave ▁the ▁territory ▁to ▁his ▁brother ▁James , ▁then ▁Duke ▁of ▁York , ▁to ▁rule ▁as ▁he ▁pleased . ▁James ▁partition ed ▁off ▁East ▁and ▁West ▁Jersey ▁to ▁other ▁propriet ors ▁and ▁established ▁an ▁essentially ▁aut ocr atic ▁government ▁with ▁a ▁strong ▁governor ▁and
▁council ▁but ▁no ▁elected ▁legisl ature . ▁ ▁James ▁succeeded ▁his ▁brother ▁to ▁the ▁throne ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 5 ▁and ▁established ▁the ▁Domin ion ▁of ▁New ▁England ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 6 8 8 , ▁he ▁added ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁the ▁Jer se ys ▁to ▁the ▁domin ion . ▁Its ▁governor ▁Sir ▁Edmund ▁And ros ▁came ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁that ▁summer ▁to ▁establish ▁his ▁authority ▁and ▁install ▁Francis ▁Nich ol son , ▁a ▁captain ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Army , ▁to ▁admin ister ▁those ▁colon ies ▁as ▁his ▁lieutenant ▁governor . ▁ ▁Nich ol son ▁was ▁assist ed ▁by ▁a ▁local ▁council ▁but ▁no ▁legisl ative ▁assembly . ▁He ▁was ▁seen ▁by ▁many ▁New ▁York ers ▁as ▁the ▁next ▁in ▁a ▁line ▁of ▁royal ▁govern ors ▁who ▁" had ▁in ▁a ▁most ▁arbitrary ▁way ▁sub vert ed ▁our ▁ancient ▁privileges ". ▁Nich ol son ▁just ified ▁his ▁rule ▁by ▁stating ▁that ▁the ▁colon ists ▁were ▁" a ▁conquer ed ▁people , ▁and ▁therefore ... ▁could ▁not ▁so ▁much ▁[ as ] ▁claim ▁rights ▁and ▁priv iled ges ▁as ▁English men ". ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁ 1 6 8 8 , ▁the ▁G lor ious ▁Revolution ▁de posed ▁the ▁Catholic ▁King ▁James ▁and ▁replaced ▁him ▁with ▁the ▁Protest ants ▁William ▁III ▁and ▁Mary ▁II . ▁The ▁rule ▁of ▁And ros ▁was ▁highly ▁un pop ular , ▁especially ▁in ▁New ▁England , ▁and ▁his ▁oppon ents ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁used ▁the ▁change ▁of ▁royal ▁power ▁for ▁their ▁political ▁benefit ▁by
▁organ izing ▁an ▁u pr ising . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 6 8 9 , ▁a ▁mob ▁formed ▁in ▁Boston ▁led ▁by ▁former ▁Massachusetts ▁political ▁figures , ▁and ▁they ▁arrested ▁And ros ▁and ▁other ▁domin ion ▁officials . ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁cas cade ▁of ▁events ▁in ▁which ▁Massachusetts ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁New ▁England ▁colon ies ▁rapidly ▁restored ▁their ▁pre - domin ion ▁govern ments . ▁ ▁R ising ▁t ensions ▁Lieutenant ▁Governor ▁Nich ol son ▁learned ▁of ▁the ▁u pr ising ▁in ▁Boston ▁by ▁April ▁ 2 6 . ▁He ▁took ▁no ▁steps ▁to ▁announ ce ▁news ▁of ▁it ▁or ▁of ▁the ▁revolution ▁in ▁England ▁for ▁fear ▁of ▁raising ▁prospect s ▁of ▁re bell ion ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁Polit icians ▁and ▁milit ia ▁leaders ▁became ▁more ▁assert ive ▁on ▁Long ▁Island ▁when ▁they ▁learned ▁of ▁Boston , ▁and ▁domin ion ▁officials ▁were ▁ou sted ▁from ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁communities ▁by ▁mid - May . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁Nich ol son ▁learned ▁that ▁France ▁had ▁declared ▁war ▁on ▁England , ▁bringing ▁the ▁threat ▁of ▁French ▁and ▁Indian ▁attacks ▁on ▁New ▁York ' s ▁northern ▁front ier . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁short ▁of ▁troops , ▁since ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁g arrison ▁had ▁been ▁sent ▁by ▁And ros ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁Indian ▁activity ▁in ▁Maine . ▁He ▁found ▁that ▁his ▁regular s ▁had ▁also ▁been ▁s way ed ▁by ▁popul ists ▁into ▁bel ieving ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁attempting ▁to ▁imp ose ▁Catholic ▁rule ▁on
▁New ▁York . ▁He ▁attempted ▁to ▁m oll ify ▁pan icked ▁citiz en ry ▁over ▁rum ored ▁Indian ▁ra ids ▁by ▁inv iting ▁the ▁milit ia ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁army ▁g arrison ▁at ▁Fort ▁James ▁on ▁Manh attan ▁island . ▁ ▁New ▁York ' s ▁def enses ▁were ▁in ▁poor ▁condition , ▁and ▁Nich ol son ' s ▁council ▁voted ▁to ▁imp ose ▁import ▁duties ▁to ▁improve ▁them . ▁This ▁action ▁was ▁met ▁with ▁immediate ▁resistance , ▁with ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁mer ch ants ▁ref using ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁duty . ▁One ▁in ▁particular ▁was ▁Jacob ▁Le is ler , ▁a ▁well - born ▁German ▁Cal vin ist ▁imm igr ant ▁merchant ▁and ▁milit ia ▁captain . ▁Le is ler ▁was ▁a ▁vocal ▁oppon ent ▁of ▁the ▁domin ion ▁regime , ▁which ▁he ▁saw ▁as ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁imp ose ▁pop ery ▁on ▁the ▁province , ▁and ▁he ▁may ▁have ▁played ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁sub ver ting ▁Nich ol son ' s ▁regular s . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 2 , ▁Nich ol son ' s ▁council ▁was ▁pet ition ed ▁by ▁the ▁milit ia , ▁who ▁sought ▁more ▁rapid ▁improvement ▁to ▁the ▁city ' s ▁def enses ▁and ▁also ▁wanted ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁pow der ▁magazine ▁in ▁the ▁fort . ▁This ▁latter ▁request ▁was ▁denied , ▁height ening ▁concerns ▁that ▁the ▁city ▁had ▁in ade qu ate ▁pow der ▁supplies . ▁This ▁concern ▁was ▁further ▁ex ac erb ated ▁when ▁city ▁leaders ▁began ▁hunting ▁through ▁the ▁city ▁for ▁additional ▁supplies .
▁ ▁Reb ell ion ▁Nich ol son ▁made ▁an ▁int em perate ▁remark ▁to ▁a ▁milit ia ▁officer ▁on ▁May ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 6 8 9 , ▁and ▁the ▁incident ▁fla red ▁into ▁open ▁re bell ion . ▁Nich ol son ▁was ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁temper , ▁and ▁he ▁told ▁the ▁officer , ▁" I ▁rather ▁would ▁see ▁the ▁Tow ne ▁on ▁fire ▁than ▁to ▁be ▁commanded ▁by ▁you ". ▁Rum ors ▁fle w ▁around ▁the ▁town ▁that ▁Nich ol son ▁was ▁prepared ▁to ▁burn ▁it ▁down . ▁He ▁sum mon ed ▁the ▁officer ▁and ▁demanded ▁that ▁he ▁surrender ▁his ▁commission . ▁Abraham ▁de ▁Pe yst er ▁was ▁the ▁officer ' s ▁commander ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁wealth iest ▁men ▁in ▁the ▁city , ▁and ▁he ▁engaged ▁in ▁a ▁he ated ▁argument ▁with ▁Nich ol son , ▁after ▁which ▁de ▁Pe yst er ▁and ▁his ▁brother ▁Johann is , ▁also ▁a ▁milit ia ▁captain , ▁storm ed ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁council ▁chamber . ▁ ▁The ▁milit ia ▁was ▁called ▁out ▁and ▁desc ended ▁en ▁mas se ▁to ▁Fort ▁James , ▁which ▁they ▁occupied . ▁An ▁officer ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁council ▁to ▁demand ▁the ▁keys ▁to ▁the ▁pow der ▁magazine , ▁which ▁Nich ol son ▁eventually ▁surrender ed ▁to ▁" h inder ▁and ▁prevent ▁blood sh ed ▁and ▁further ▁m isch ie fe ". ▁The ▁following ▁day , ▁a ▁council ▁of ▁milit ia ▁officers ▁called ▁on ▁Jacob ▁Le is ler ▁to ▁take ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁milit ia .
▁He ▁did ▁so , ▁and ▁the ▁reb els ▁issued ▁a ▁declaration ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁hold ▁the ▁fort ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁monarch s ▁until ▁they ▁sent ▁a ▁properly ▁acc red ited ▁governor . ▁ ▁Le is ler ' s ▁exact ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁milit ia ▁u pr ising ▁is ▁unknown , ▁but ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁observations ▁point ▁to ▁his ▁invol vement . ▁He ▁and ▁milit ia ▁captain ▁Charles ▁L ode wick ▁presented ▁the ▁pet ition ▁on ▁May 2 2 . ▁J ost ▁St oll , ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁officers , ▁led ▁the ▁milit ia ▁to ▁the ▁gates ▁of ▁Fort ▁James , ▁and ▁another ▁of ▁his ▁officers ▁delivered ▁the ▁demand ▁for ▁the ▁keys ▁to ▁the ▁pow der ▁magazine . ▁However , ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁depos itions ▁which ▁Nich ol son ▁collected ▁prior ▁to ▁his ▁departure ▁directly ▁imp licates ▁Le is ler ▁as ▁a ▁ring le ader . ▁ ▁Le is ler ▁takes ▁control ▁ ▁At ▁this ▁point , ▁the ▁milit ia ▁controlled ▁the ▁fort ▁which ▁gave ▁them ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁har bor . ▁When ▁ships ▁arrived ▁in ▁the ▁har bor , ▁they ▁brought ▁passengers ▁and ▁capt ains ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁fort , ▁cutting ▁off ▁outside ▁communic ations ▁to ▁Nich ol son ▁and ▁his ▁council . ▁On ▁June 6 , ▁Nich ol son ▁decided ▁to ▁leave ▁for ▁England ▁and ▁began ▁gather ing ▁depos itions ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁proceed ings ▁there . ▁He ▁left ▁the ▁city ▁on ▁June 1 0 ▁for ▁the ▁Jersey ▁shore ▁where ▁he ▁hoped ▁to ▁join ▁Thomas ▁D
ong an , ▁who ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁sail ▁for ▁England ▁soon ▁there after . ▁ ▁Le is ler ' s ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁province ▁was ▁limited ▁at ▁first . ▁His ▁council ors ▁were ▁Dutch ▁pat ro ons ▁Nicholas ▁Bay ard , ▁Ste phan us ▁van ▁Cort land t , ▁and ▁Frederick ▁Philip se , ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁still ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁They ▁did ▁not ▁recognize ▁his ▁authority , ▁nor ▁did ▁the ▁city ' s ▁civil ▁administration , ▁with ▁van ▁Cort land t ▁as ▁mayor . ▁A ▁pro clam ation ▁was ▁made ▁in ▁Hart ford , ▁Connecticut ▁concerning ▁William ▁and ▁Mary , ▁and ▁both ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁controvers y ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁rac ed ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁mess enger ▁bringing ▁copies ▁of ▁the ▁pro clam ation . ▁Le is ler ' s ▁agents ▁won ▁the ▁race , ▁and ▁Le is ler ▁published ▁the ▁pro clam ation ▁on ▁June 2 2 . ▁Two ▁days ▁later , ▁van ▁Cort land t ▁received ▁a ▁copy ▁of ▁the ▁official ▁notice ▁that ▁William ▁and ▁Mary ▁had ▁prepared ▁for ▁And ros . ▁The ▁transmission ▁of ▁this ▁document ▁had ▁been ▁delayed ▁at ▁the ▁beh est ▁of ▁Massachusetts ▁agents ▁in ▁London . ▁ ▁It ▁specifically ▁retained ▁all ▁non - C atholic ▁office hold ers ▁until ▁further ▁notice , ▁and ▁techn ically ▁legit im ized ▁the ▁rule ▁of ▁the ▁council ▁in ▁Nich ol son ' s ▁absence . ▁In ▁accord ance ▁with ▁this ▁document , ▁van ▁Cort land t ▁fired ▁the ▁custom s ▁collect or , ▁who ▁was ▁Catholic , ▁and
▁replaced ▁him ▁with ▁Bay ard ▁and ▁others ▁to ▁over see ▁custom s ▁activities . ▁Le is ler ▁object ed ▁to ▁this ▁assertion ▁of ▁power ▁and ▁desc ended ▁on ▁the ▁custom s ▁house ▁with ▁a ▁tro op ▁of ▁milit ia . ▁Account s ▁left ▁by ▁both ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁dispute ▁state ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁near ▁ri ot , ▁and ▁Bay ard ▁claimed ▁to ▁bare ly ▁escape ▁being ▁killed ▁by ▁a ▁mob . ▁Bay ard ▁then ▁fled ▁to ▁Alb any , ▁followed ▁by ▁van ▁Cort land t ▁a ▁few ▁days ▁later . ▁Philip se ▁with d rew ▁from ▁political ▁life , ▁leaving ▁Le is ler ▁in ▁effective ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 6 , ▁a ▁convention ▁composed ▁of ▁deleg ates ▁from ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁communities ▁from ▁lower ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁East ▁Jersey ▁established ▁a ▁committee ▁of ▁safety ▁to ▁over see ▁affairs . ▁This ▁committee ▁essentially ▁became ▁the ▁nucle us ▁of ▁Le is ler ' s ▁later ▁government . ▁They ▁chose ▁Le is ler ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁province ' s ▁commander - in - ch ief ▁" t ill ▁orders ▁shall ▁come ▁from ▁their ▁Maj est ies ." ▁ ▁Through ▁July ▁and ▁August , ▁his ▁hand - p icked ▁milit ia ▁exerc ised ▁de ▁fact o ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁city , ▁fin anced ▁by ▁provincial ▁funds ▁which ▁Nich ol son ▁had ▁depos ited ▁in ▁the ▁fort . ▁He ▁was ▁assist ed ▁by ▁sympath etic ▁officials ▁from ▁Connecticut ▁who ▁sent ▁a ▁tro op ▁of ▁milit ia ▁to ▁assist ▁in ▁holding ▁the
▁fort . ▁Nich ol son ' s ▁company ▁of ▁regular s ▁was ▁formally ▁dis band ed ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 , ▁about ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁that ▁formal ▁word ▁arrived ▁that ▁France ▁and ▁England ▁were ▁at ▁war . ▁ ▁Le is ler ▁dispatch ed ▁J ost ▁St oll ▁and ▁Matthew ▁Clark son ▁to ▁England ▁on ▁August 1 5 ▁to ▁bol ster ▁his ▁position ▁with ▁the ▁government ▁in ▁London . ▁They ▁carried ▁documents ▁intended ▁to ▁support ▁accus ations ▁that ▁Nich ol son ▁had ▁been ▁consp iring ▁against ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁to ▁justify ▁the ▁propri ety ▁of ▁Le is ler ' s ▁actions ▁against ▁his ▁" opp ress ive " ▁rule . ▁The ▁agents ▁were ▁instruct ed ▁to ▁request ▁a ▁new ▁char ter ▁for ▁the ▁province ▁and ▁to ▁claim ▁that ▁the ▁un ited ▁colon ies ▁could ▁defeat ▁New ▁France ▁without ▁assistance ▁from ▁the ▁home ▁country . ▁He ▁made ▁no ▁specific ▁requests ▁that ▁the ▁new ▁char ter ▁include ▁any ▁sort ▁of ▁dem ocr atic ▁representation . ▁ ▁An ▁election ▁ordered ▁Le is ler ' s ▁committee ▁of ▁safety ▁formally ▁to ▁turn ▁van ▁Cort land t ▁out ▁of ▁office ▁in ▁October , ▁cons olid ating ▁Le is ler ' s ▁command ▁over ▁New ▁York ▁except ▁the ▁Alb any ▁area . ▁According ▁to ▁Bay ard , ▁the ▁turn out ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁was ▁extremely ▁low , ▁with ▁bare ly ▁ 1 0 0 ▁vot ers ▁particip ating . ▁Council ors ▁Bay ard ▁and ▁Philip se ▁issued ▁a ▁pro clam ation ▁on ▁October 2
0 ▁calling ▁Le is ler ' s ▁rule ▁illegal , ▁and ▁ordered ▁other ▁milit ia ▁command ers ▁to ▁stop ▁supporting ▁him . ▁The ▁pro clam ation ▁had ▁no ▁effect . ▁ ▁Res istance ▁in ▁Alb any ▁ ▁Le is ler ' s ▁oppon ents ▁had ▁assumed ▁control ▁of ▁Alb any ▁and ▁the ▁immediate ▁area . ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁they ▁formally ▁proc laimed ▁William ▁and ▁Mary ▁and , ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 , ▁established ▁a ▁convention ▁to ▁rule . ▁The ▁convention ▁included ▁local ▁milit ia ▁leaders ▁and ▁the ▁city ▁f athers ▁of ▁Alb any , ▁wealth y ▁land own ers ▁from ▁the ▁Hudson ▁River ▁valley , ▁and ▁it ▁became ▁the ▁nucle us ▁of ▁anti - Le is ler ▁activities ▁in ▁the ▁province . ▁The ▁convention ▁categor ically ▁refused ▁to ▁recognize ▁Le is ler ' s ▁rule ▁unless ▁he ▁presented ▁a ▁commission ▁from ▁William ▁and ▁Mary . ▁ ▁Alb any ' s ▁situation ▁became ▁t ense ▁in ▁September ▁when ▁local ▁Indians ▁brought ▁rum ors ▁of ▁an ▁im min ent ▁attack ▁from ▁French ▁Canada . ▁Le is ler ▁was ▁inter dict ing ▁movement ▁of ▁military ▁supplies ▁up ▁the ▁Hudson , ▁so ▁Alb any ▁officials ▁ended ▁up ▁making ▁an ▁appeal ▁to ▁him . ▁He ▁respond ed ▁by ▁sending ▁Jacob ▁Mil bor ne , ▁a ▁close ▁ad visor ▁and ▁future ▁son - in - law , ▁with ▁a ▁milit ia ▁tro op ▁to ▁take ▁military ▁control ▁of ▁Alb any ▁in ▁November . ▁ ▁However , ▁the ▁convention ▁object ed ▁to ▁the ▁terms ▁that ▁Mil bor ne
▁demanded ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁his ▁support , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁refused ▁entry ▁to ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁Fort ▁Frederick . ▁He ▁was ▁war ned ▁by ▁an ▁I ro qu ois ▁woman ▁that ▁a ▁large ▁body ▁of ▁Indians ▁near ▁Alb any ▁saw ▁him ▁as ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁their ▁friends ▁in ▁Alb any ▁and ▁would ▁react ▁if ▁he ▁attempted ▁to ▁assert ▁military ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁area . ▁Mil bor ne ▁returned ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁The ▁convention ▁also ▁appe aled ▁to ▁the ▁neighbor ing ▁colon ies ▁for ▁military ▁assistance , ▁which ▁Connecticut ▁answered ▁by ▁sending ▁ 8 0 mil it iam en ▁to ▁Alb any ▁in ▁late ▁November . ▁ ▁Le is ler ▁finally ▁gained ▁control ▁over ▁Alb any ▁early ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 0 . ▁He ▁called ▁for ▁elections ▁at ▁Sch en ect ady ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 6 9 0 , ▁in ▁a ▁move ▁calculated ▁to ▁divide ▁neighbor ing ▁communities . ▁In ▁early ▁February , ▁during ▁King ▁William ' s ▁War , ▁Sch en ect ady ▁was ▁attacked ▁by ▁French ▁and ▁Indian ▁ra iders , ▁expos ing ▁the ▁weak ness ▁of ▁the ▁Alb any ▁Convention ' s ▁position . ▁Each ▁side ▁bl amed ▁the ▁other ▁for ▁the ▁failure ▁to ▁defend ▁Sch en ect ady , ▁but ▁Le is ler ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁capital ize ▁on ▁the ▁situation . ▁He ▁convinced ▁Connecticut ▁to ▁withdraw ▁its ▁milit ia ▁and ▁sent ▁his ▁own ▁milit ia ▁north ▁to ▁take ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁area . ▁The ▁convention ▁capit ulated , ▁lack ing ▁any ▁significant ▁outside ▁support
. ▁ ▁Le is ler ' s ▁rule ▁A ▁letter ▁arrived ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 6 8 9 ▁from ▁William ▁and ▁Mary ▁addressed ▁to ▁Nich ol son ▁or ▁" in ▁his ▁absence ▁to ▁such ▁as ▁for ▁the ▁time ▁being ▁take ▁care ▁for ▁pres erving ▁the ▁peace ▁and ▁admin ister ing ▁the ▁laws ▁in ▁our ▁said ▁Province ▁of ▁New ▁York ". ▁The ▁recip ient ▁was ▁instruct ed ▁to ▁" take ▁upon ▁you ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁said ▁province ". ▁The ▁mess enger ▁apparently ▁sought ▁to ▁deliver ▁the ▁message ▁to ▁van ▁Cort land t ▁and ▁Philip se , ▁but ▁Le is ler ' s ▁milit ia ▁had ▁him ▁seized . ▁Le is ler ▁used ▁this ▁document ▁to ▁claim ▁legit im acy ▁for ▁his ▁govern ance , ▁began ▁sty ling ▁himself ▁" lie utenant ▁governor ", ▁and ▁established ▁a ▁governor ' s ▁council ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁committee ▁of ▁safety . ▁ ▁Le is ler ▁then ▁began ▁attempting ▁to ▁collect ▁tax es ▁and ▁custom s ▁duties . ▁He ▁was ▁in ▁part ▁successful , ▁although ▁he ▁met ▁with ▁significant ▁resistance ▁from ▁officials ▁opposed ▁to ▁his ▁rule . ▁Some ▁were ▁arrested , ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁those ▁who ▁refused ▁to ▁act ▁on ▁his ▁instructions ▁were ▁replaced . ▁By ▁April 1 6 9 0 , ▁virt ually ▁every ▁community ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁had ▁officials ▁appointed ▁by ▁Le is ler ▁in ▁some ▁of ▁its ▁posts . ▁These ▁appointed ▁officials ▁represented ▁a ▁cross - section ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁society ▁and ▁included ▁prominent ▁Dutch ▁and ▁English ▁residents . ▁ ▁However , ▁resistance ▁continued
▁to ▁his ▁policies , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁attacked ▁by ▁a ▁small ▁mob ▁on ▁June ▁ 6 ▁who ▁demanded ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁political ▁prisoners ▁and ▁refused ▁to ▁pay ▁tax es ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁im posed . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 6 9 0 , ▁diverse ▁communities ▁protest ed ▁his ▁rule , ▁from ▁Dutch ▁Har lem ▁to ▁Protest ant ▁English ▁Queens ▁County ▁to ▁Alb any . ▁ ▁Le is ler ' s ▁principal ▁activity ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 0 ▁was ▁the ▁organization ▁of ▁an ▁expedition ▁against ▁New ▁France . ▁This ▁idea ▁first ▁began ▁to ▁take ▁shape ▁in ▁a ▁meeting ▁in ▁May ▁with ▁represent atives ▁from ▁the ▁neighbor ing ▁colon ies . ▁To ▁provide ▁for ▁New ▁York ' s ▁troops , ▁he ▁ordered ▁mer ch ants ▁to ▁offer ▁up ▁their ▁goods ▁and ▁broke ▁into ▁their ▁store h ouses ▁if ▁they ▁did ▁not . ▁He ▁kept ▁a ▁fairly ▁careful ▁account ▁of ▁these ▁activities , ▁and ▁many ▁mer ch ants ▁were ▁later ▁rep a id . ▁Connecticut ▁officials ▁were ▁unw illing ▁to ▁grant ▁command ▁to ▁Jacob ▁Mil bor ne , ▁Le is ler ' s ▁choice ▁of ▁commander , ▁cit ing ▁the ▁experience ▁of ▁their ▁own ▁command ers . ▁Le is ler ▁acqu ies ced ▁to ▁their ▁choice ▁of ▁Fitz - John ▁Win th rop . ▁ ▁The ▁expedition ▁was ▁a ▁complete ▁failure , ▁dissol ving ▁amid st ▁disease ▁and ▁difficulties ▁in ▁transport ▁and ▁supply . ▁However , ▁Win th rop ▁did ▁a ven ge ▁the ▁Sch en ect ady ▁mass acre ▁of ▁February 1 6
9 0 , ▁to ▁some ▁extent , ▁by ▁sending ▁a ▁small ▁party ▁north ▁to ▁ra id ▁La ▁Pra irie , ▁Quebec . ▁Le is ler ▁bl amed ▁Win th rop ▁for ▁the ▁failure ▁( for ▁which ▁there ▁were ▁numerous ▁causes ) ▁and ▁briefly ▁arrested ▁him , ▁el ic iting ▁protest s ▁from ▁Connecticut ▁Governor ▁Robert ▁Tre at . ▁ ▁Royal ▁response ▁King ▁William ▁III ▁commission ed ▁Colonel ▁Henry ▁Sl ough ter ▁to ▁be ▁provincial ▁governor ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 6 9 0 , ▁but ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁issues ▁delayed ▁Sl ough ter ' s ▁departure ▁from ▁England . ▁His ▁ship ▁was ▁then ▁further ▁delayed ▁by ▁bad ▁weather , ▁and ▁the ▁ship ▁carrying ▁his ▁lieutenant ▁governor ▁Major ▁Richard ▁Ing old es by ▁was ▁first ▁to ▁arrive ▁in ▁January 1 6 9 1 . ▁Ing old es by ▁lack ed ▁official ▁documents ▁( which ▁were ▁on ▁Sl ough ter ' s ▁ship ), ▁but ▁he ▁ins isted ▁that ▁Le is ler ▁surrender ▁the ▁government ▁and ▁Fort ▁James ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁There ▁was ▁minor ▁sk irm ishing ▁during ▁six ▁weeks ▁of ▁stub born ▁resistance ▁on ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁stub born ▁imper ious ▁behavior ▁on ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁Ing old es by , ▁and ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁split ▁into ▁armed ▁cam ps ▁with ▁several ▁hundred ▁Le is ler ▁supp or ters ▁occup ying ▁the ▁fort . ▁Ing old es by ▁was ▁supported ▁in ▁his ▁efforts ▁by ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁domin ion ▁council . ▁By ▁mid - M arch , ▁Ing
old es by ▁had ▁surrounded ▁the ▁fort ▁and ▁was ▁threaten ing ▁to ▁take ▁it ▁by ▁storm . ▁Le is ler ▁occasionally ▁had ▁the ▁fort ' s ▁guns ▁fired ▁at ▁susp icious ▁movements , ▁but ▁these ▁only ▁succeeded ▁in ▁killing ▁a ▁few ▁colon ists . ▁ ▁Sl ough ter ▁arrived ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁amid ▁this ▁t ension ▁and ▁proc laimed ▁his ▁commission ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁demand ing ▁that ▁Le is ler ▁surrender ▁the ▁fort . ▁Le is ler ▁was ▁not ▁certain ▁that ▁Sl ough ter ▁was ▁in ▁fact ▁the ▁person ▁appointed , ▁but ▁J ost ▁St oll ▁had ▁been ▁to ▁London ▁and ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁conv ince ▁him ▁that ▁Sl ough ter ▁was ▁legit imate . ▁Le is ler ▁then ▁sent ▁em iss aries ▁out ▁to ▁negoti ate ▁with ▁Sl ough ter , ▁but ▁he ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁negoti ate ▁with ▁his ▁subjects ▁and ▁had ▁them ▁arrested . ▁Le is ler ▁repeatedly ▁re buff ed ▁Sl ough ter ' s ▁dem ands , ▁but ▁he ▁was ▁eventually ▁convinced ▁to ▁surrender , ▁probably ▁by ▁his ▁now - rest ive ▁g arrison . ▁Sl ough ter ▁had ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁ten ▁others ▁arrested ▁on ▁charges ▁of ▁tre ason ▁and ▁imprison ed ▁in ▁the ▁fort ▁which ▁they ▁had ▁just ▁been ▁occup ying . ▁ ▁Exec ution ▁Sl ough ter ▁established ▁a ▁special ▁Court ▁of ▁O yer ▁and ▁Term iner ▁to ▁hear ▁the ▁tri als ▁of ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁other ▁defend ants . ▁Some ▁individuals ▁were ▁not ▁charged , ▁including ▁Abraham
▁De ▁Pe yst er ▁and ▁Charles ▁L ode wick , ▁the ▁apparent ▁ring le aders ▁of ▁the ▁initial ▁milit ia ▁action . ▁The ▁panel ▁of ▁jud ges ▁included ▁a ▁significant ▁number ▁of ▁anti - Le is ler ians , ▁including ▁Richard ▁Ing old es by , ▁and ▁was ▁pres ided ▁over ▁by ▁former ▁domin ion ▁official ▁Joseph ▁D ud ley . ▁Le is ler ▁was ▁ar ra igned ▁by ▁this ▁court ▁on ▁March 3 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁charge ▁against ▁him ▁concerned ▁the ▁milit ant ▁resistance ▁to ▁Ing old es by ' s ▁attempts ▁to ▁take ▁control . ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁his ▁son - in - law ▁Jacob ▁Mil bor ne ▁both ▁refused ▁to ▁acknow ledge ▁the ▁legit im acy ▁of ▁the ▁court , ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁enter ▁ple as . ▁Le is ler ▁asked ▁for ▁and ▁was ▁granted ▁coun sel , ▁even ▁though ▁English ▁law ▁did ▁not ▁mand ate ▁it . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁defend ants ▁acknowled ged ▁the ▁court ' s ▁legit im acy ▁and ▁ple aded ▁not ▁guilty . ▁On ▁April 1 , ▁Le is ler ▁was ▁ar ra igned ▁on ▁a ▁count ▁of ▁murder ▁over ▁an ▁incident ▁that ▁had ▁taken ▁place ▁during ▁his ▁rule . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁Sl ough ter ▁conven ed ▁a ▁new ▁colonial ▁assembly . ▁It ▁passed ▁a ▁bill ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 7 ▁condem ning ▁Le is ler ' s ▁government ▁and ▁activities , ▁despite ▁attempts ▁by ▁pro - Le is ler ians ▁to ▁control ▁the ▁body
, ▁and ▁even ▁bl amed ▁him ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 6 9 0 ▁Sch en ect ady ▁Mass acre . ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁Mil bor ne ▁were ▁conv icted ▁on ▁April 1 7 , ▁after ▁repeated ▁attempts ▁by ▁the ▁court ▁to ▁get ▁them ▁to ▁enter ▁ple as , ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁sent enced ▁to ▁be ▁" h anged , ▁drawn ▁and ▁quarter ed , ▁and ▁their ▁est ates ▁conf isc ated ." ▁No ▁execution ▁was ▁scheduled . ▁ ▁There ▁matters ▁stood ▁until ▁mid - May . ▁By ▁early ▁May , ▁the ▁court ▁had ▁heard ▁ 3 2 cases , ▁conv icted ▁and ▁sent enced ▁eight ▁men ▁to ▁death ▁( including ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁Mil bor ne ), ▁and ▁either ▁acqu itted ▁or ▁p ardon ed ▁the ▁rest . ▁Part isan ▁forces , ▁however , ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁active . ▁Anti - Le is ler ▁forces ▁ag itated ▁for ▁his ▁execution , ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁ri ots ▁on ▁St aten ▁Island ▁in ▁late ▁April , ▁supposed ly ▁inst ig ated ▁by ▁Le is ler ▁supp or ters . ▁ ▁Sl ough ter , ▁however , ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁execution s ▁should ▁be ▁stayed ▁until ▁the ▁king ' s ▁will ▁could ▁be ▁known . ▁On ▁May ▁ 7 , ▁he ▁sent ▁reports ▁to ▁the ▁king ▁and ▁the ▁L ords ▁of ▁Trade ▁describing ▁the ▁situation ▁and ▁including ▁the ▁trial ▁trans cript s . ▁The ▁letter ▁to ▁the ▁king ▁painted ▁Le is ler ▁in ▁an ▁extremely ▁negative ▁light , ▁and ▁neither ▁report ▁mentioned
▁the ▁death ▁sentence . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 4 , ▁the ▁court ▁refused ▁to ▁transport ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁Mil bor ne ▁to ▁England ▁for ▁appeal , ▁and ▁Sl ough ter ' s ▁council ▁was ▁domin ated ▁by ▁anti - Le is ler ians ▁who ▁ur ged ▁him ▁to ▁execute ▁the ▁two ▁men . ▁He ▁acqu ies ced ▁and ▁signed ▁the ▁death ▁war r ants ▁that ▁evening . ▁Nicholas ▁Bay ard ▁and ▁others ▁claim ▁that ▁Sl ough ter ▁was ▁dr unk ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁( or ▁at ▁least ▁strongly ▁under ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁alco hol ), ▁and ▁accus ations ▁circul ated ▁after ward ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁b rib ed . ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 6 , ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁Mil bor ne ▁were ▁executed ▁by ▁h anging . ▁ ▁Le is ler ▁is ▁reported ▁to ▁have ▁made ▁a ▁long ▁speech , ▁claim ing ▁that ▁he ▁acted ▁" for ▁the ▁glory ▁of ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁interest , ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁present ▁government ", ▁and ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁province ▁from ▁outside ▁forces . ▁The ▁remains ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁men ▁were ▁buried ▁beneath ▁the ▁gall ows , ▁and ▁their ▁est ates ▁were ▁seized ▁by ▁att ain der . ▁On ▁May 1 9 , ▁Governor ▁Sl ough ter ▁issued ▁a ▁pro clam ation ▁of ▁am n esty ▁for ▁all ▁except ▁about ▁ 2 0 named ▁individuals . ▁ ▁After math ▁The ▁execution ▁made ▁mart y rs ▁of ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁Mil bor ne ▁and ▁did ▁nothing ▁to ▁less en ▁the
▁deep ▁divisions ▁between ▁pro - ▁and ▁anti - Le is ler ian ▁fa ctions . ▁His ▁supp or ters ▁sent ▁agents ▁to ▁London , ▁eventually ▁joined ▁by ▁his ▁son ▁Jacob , ▁to ▁pet ition ▁the ▁government ▁for ▁red ress . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 6 9 2 , ▁their ▁pet ition ▁was ▁heard ▁by ▁the ▁king , ▁and ▁the ▁L ords ▁of ▁Trade ▁recommended ▁p ard ons ▁for ▁the ▁conv icted ▁in ▁April . ▁On ▁, ▁Queen ▁Mary ▁instruct ed ▁incoming ▁governor ▁Benjamin ▁F let cher ▁to ▁p ardon ▁the ▁six ▁remaining ▁prisoners . ▁ ▁Governor ▁Sl ough ter ' s ▁sudden ▁death ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 6 9 1 , ▁was ▁viewed ▁in ▁some ▁circles ▁with ▁susp icion ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁poison ed , ▁although ▁the ▁aut ops y ▁indicated ▁that ▁the ▁cause ▁was ▁p neum onia . ▁He ▁left ▁behind ▁a ▁letter ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁claimed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁" const rained " ▁by ▁the ▁forces ▁around ▁him ▁to ▁order ▁the ▁execution . ▁Other ▁acts ▁during ▁his ▁ten ure ▁also ▁spark ed ▁comment . ▁Ing old es by ▁took ▁the ▁re ins ▁of ▁government ▁after ▁his ▁death ▁and ▁accused ▁him ▁of ▁pocket ing ▁£ 1 , 1 0 0 ▁intended ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁troops , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁seized ▁a ▁prize ▁ship ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁captured ▁and ▁sold ▁at ▁au ction ▁during ▁his ▁time ▁in ▁office , ▁and ▁then ▁sold ▁it ▁a ▁second ▁time . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁Le is ler ' s
▁supp or ters ▁had ▁stopped ▁in ▁Boston ▁while ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁England ▁and ▁was ▁offered ▁support ▁by ▁Sir ▁William ▁Ph ips , ▁the ▁new ▁governor ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Massachusetts ▁Bay . ▁Massachusetts ▁agents ▁in ▁London ▁then ▁worked ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁Le is ler ' s ▁he irs ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁att ain der ▁revers ed ▁and ▁the ▁family ▁properties ▁restored . ▁A ▁bill ▁was ▁introduced ▁into ▁Parliament ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 5 , ▁with ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁Massachusetts ▁supp or ters ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Ash ur ts ▁and ▁Sir ▁Const antine ▁Henry ▁Ph ipp s . ▁The ▁bill ▁quickly ▁passed ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁L ords , ▁although ▁anti - Le is ler ian ▁agents ▁succeeded ▁in ▁having ▁it ▁sent ▁to ▁committee ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁chamber . ▁It ▁was ▁finally ▁passed ▁on ▁, ▁after ▁extensive ▁hear ings ▁in ▁which ▁Joseph ▁D ud ley ▁def ended ▁his ▁actions ▁by ▁acc using ▁Le is ler ▁of ▁impro per ly ▁se izing ▁power ▁because ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁foreign er . ▁It ▁received ▁the ▁royal ▁ass ent ▁the ▁next ▁day . ▁ ▁However , ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁until ▁ 1 6 9 8 ▁that ▁Le is ler ' s ▁he irs ▁finally ▁received ▁their ▁due . ▁The ▁Earl ▁of ▁Bell om ont ▁arrived ▁that ▁year , ▁commission ed ▁as ▁New ▁York ' s ▁governor ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 5 ▁and ▁an ▁out sp oken ▁supp orter ▁of ▁Le is ler ▁in ▁the ▁parliament ary ▁debate . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁office ▁in
▁ 1 7 0 1 , ▁but ▁during ▁his ▁ten ure ▁he ▁placed ▁pro - Le is ler ians ▁in ▁key ▁positions ▁in ▁his ▁government . ▁He ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁rest oration ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁estate , ▁and ▁had ▁the ▁bodies ▁of ▁Le is ler ▁and ▁Mil bor ne ▁properly ▁re bur ied ▁in ▁the ▁yard ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Reform ▁Church . ▁ ▁Pro - ▁and ▁anti - Le is ler ▁fa ctions ▁remained ▁in ▁cont ention ▁at ▁the ▁provincial ▁level ▁until ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁Governor ▁Robert ▁Hunter ▁in ▁ 1 7 1 0 . ▁Over ▁time , ▁the ▁Le is ler ians ▁t ended ▁to ▁associate ▁with ▁the ▁British ▁Wh ig ▁fa ction , ▁and ▁the ▁anti - Le is ler ians ▁with ▁the ▁T ories . ▁Hunter ▁was ▁a ▁Wh ig ▁who ▁generally ▁fav ored ▁the ▁Le is ler ians , ▁but ▁he ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁calm ▁the ▁bit tern ess ▁that ▁existed ▁between ▁the ▁fa ctions . ▁ ▁Sign ific ance ▁ ▁As ▁Wat erman ▁shows , ▁many ▁histor ians ▁see ▁the ▁re bell ion ▁as ▁a ▁Dutch ▁revol t ▁against ▁English ▁control . ▁However , ▁Le is ler ▁failed ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁backing ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Re formed ▁Church . ▁Le is ler , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁a ▁German ▁Re formed ▁minister , ▁explo ited ▁popular ▁anti - C atholic ism ▁and ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁art is ans ▁and ▁small ▁trad ers ▁who ▁opposed ▁the ▁rich ▁mer ch ants . ▁His ▁follow ers ▁saw ▁themselves ▁as ▁people ▁who
▁had ▁resist ed ▁ang lic ization ▁and ▁were ▁the ▁true ▁he irs ▁of ▁Dutch ▁religion . ▁ ▁Le is ler ' s ▁Reb ell ion ▁follows ▁a ▁pattern , ▁however , ▁with ▁other ▁re bell ions ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁period : ▁Ba con ' s ▁Reb ell ion ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 6 , ▁the ▁ 1 6 8 9 ▁Boston ▁revol t ▁that ▁de posed ▁And ros , ▁ 1 6 8 3 ' s ▁failed ▁G ove ' s ▁Reb ell ion ▁in ▁New ▁Ham pshire , ▁C ul pe per ' s ▁Reb ell ion ▁in ▁North ▁Carolina ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 7 , ▁and ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁Reb ell ion ▁against ▁the ▁Catholic - domin ated ▁government ▁in ▁Maryland ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁all ▁of ▁these ▁re bell ions , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁middle - class ▁plan ters , ▁mer ch ants , ▁or ▁tr ades men ▁re bel led ▁against ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁well - ent rench ed ▁el ites ▁who ▁held ▁a ▁mon opol y ▁on ▁power . ▁In ▁none ▁of ▁these ▁cases ▁did ▁participants ▁re bel ▁against ▁British ▁rule . ▁R ather , ▁their ▁struggle ▁was ▁with ▁local ▁authorities ▁whom ▁they ▁saw ▁as ▁prevent ing ▁access ▁to ▁greater ▁wealth ▁or ▁power ▁within ▁the ▁British ▁system . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁British ▁soldiers ▁on ▁colonial ▁soil ▁and ▁the ▁enfor cement ▁of ▁the ▁neglect ed ▁Navigation ▁Act s ▁led ▁to ▁increased ▁t ension ▁between ▁colon ists ▁and
▁British ▁forces . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Protest ant ▁Revolution ▁in ▁Maryland ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁Jacob ▁Le is ler ▁Pap ers ▁Home page ▁at ▁New ▁York ▁University ▁– ▁virtual ▁archive ▁of ▁Le is ler - related ▁papers ▁ ▁What ▁Was ▁Le is ler ' s ▁Reb ell ion ? ▁at ▁New - Y ork ▁Historical ▁Society ▁– ▁an ▁over view ▁of ▁Le is ler ' s ▁Reb ell ion ▁ ▁Category : 1 6 8 9 ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁Category : 1 6 9 0 ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁Category : 1 6 9 1 ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁Category : 1 6 8 9 ▁in ▁the ▁Th ir teen ▁Col on ies ▁Category : 1 6 9 0 ▁in ▁the ▁Th ir teen ▁Col on ies ▁Category : 1 6 9 1 ▁in ▁the ▁Th ir teen ▁Col on ies ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 9 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 0 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 1 ▁Category : D omin ion ▁of ▁New ▁England ▁Category : G lor ious ▁Revolution ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Th ir teen ▁Col on ies ▁Category : Pre - state hood ▁history ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : R eb ell ions ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Z ane ▁Du qu em in ▁( born ▁ 2 3 ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁is ▁an ▁ath
lete ▁representing ▁Jersey ▁and ▁Great ▁Britain ▁who ▁special ises ▁in ▁the ▁shot ▁put ▁and ▁disc us ▁throw . ▁He ▁competed ▁at ▁three ▁consecutive ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁starting ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁His ▁sister , ▁Sh ad ine ▁Du qu em in , ▁compet es ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁events ▁as ▁Z ane . ▁ ▁International ▁compet itions ▁ ▁Personal ▁best s ▁Out door ▁Sh ot ▁put ▁– ▁ 1 9 . 4 2 ▁( H ä ss le holm ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁Disc us ▁throw ▁– ▁ 6 3 . 4 6 ▁( H end on ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁Ind oor ▁Sh ot ▁put ▁– ▁ 1 8 . 8 6 ▁( V ä x jö ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : J er sey ▁athlet es ▁Category : B rit ish ▁male ▁disc us ▁throw ers ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁Matt ias ▁El f ström ▁( born ▁ 8 ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Swedish ▁professional ▁ice ▁hockey ▁forward ▁currently ▁playing ▁for ▁IF ▁Tro
ja / L j ung by ▁of ▁the ▁Hockey ett an ▁( Div . 1 ). ▁He ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Detroit ▁Red ▁W ings ▁in ▁the ▁sevent h ▁round , ▁ 1 9 7 th ▁overall , ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁N HL ▁Entry ▁D raft . ▁ ▁El f ström ▁played ▁nine ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Hockey ▁League ▁for ▁the ▁Mal m ö ▁Red h aw ks . ▁Appro aching ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 – 1 9 ▁season , ▁El f ström ▁left ▁V ä ster vik s ▁I K ▁of ▁the ▁Hockey All sv ensk an , ▁moving ▁down ▁a ▁tier ▁to ▁the ▁Hockey ett an ▁with ▁Han h als ▁IF ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Det roit ▁Red ▁W ings ▁draft ▁pick s ▁Category : M alm ö ▁Red h aw ks ▁players ▁Category : N y bro ▁Vik ings ▁players ▁Category : S wed ish ▁ice ▁hockey ▁for wards ▁Category : T yr inge ▁So SS ▁players ▁Category : V ä ster vik s ▁I K ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Maria ▁And rade ▁( born ▁ 1 9 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Cape ▁Ver de an ▁ta ek w ondo ▁ath lete . ▁ ▁She ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Rio
▁de ▁Janeiro ▁in ▁the ▁women ' s ▁ 4 9 ▁kg , ▁where ▁she ▁lost ▁to ▁Pan ip ak ▁W ong p attan ak it ▁in ▁the ▁pre lim in aries . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁flag ▁bear er ▁for ▁Cape ▁Ver de ▁during ▁the ▁Par ade ▁of ▁Nations ▁and ▁the ▁closing ▁ceremony . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : C ape ▁Ver de an ▁female ▁ta ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁ta ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁of ▁Cape ▁Ver de ▁Category : T a ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁Match less ▁Am pl ifiers ▁is ▁a ▁Los ▁Angeles - based ▁company ▁which ▁designs ▁and ▁makes ▁electric ▁guitar ▁ampl ifiers , ▁special izing ▁in ▁class - A ▁t ube ▁circuit ry . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Mark ▁Sam pson ▁started ▁Match less ▁while ▁living ▁in ▁Hollywood , ▁California ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁He , ▁along ▁with ▁partners ▁Rick ▁Per otta , ▁Steve ▁Good ale ▁and ▁Chris ▁Per ro tta ▁were ▁the ▁initial ▁force ▁behind ▁the ▁company , ▁often ▁working ▁on ▁Rick ' s ▁kitchen ▁table . ▁When ▁Rick ▁and ▁Mark ▁started ▁working ▁on ▁their ▁first ▁prototype ▁amp , ▁the ▁C - 3 0 , ▁they ▁wanted ▁it ▁to ▁sound ▁significantly ▁better ▁than ▁the ▁ampl ifiers ▁that ▁were ▁currently ▁being ▁mass - produ ced . ▁They ▁also ▁wanted ▁their ▁am ps

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