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▁against ▁Australia , ▁but ▁Roberts ▁coll ided ▁with ▁A uss ie ▁ski pper ▁St ir ling ▁Mort lock ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁minute ▁of ▁the ▁game . ▁Mort lock ▁was ▁immediately ▁replaced ▁but ▁Roberts ▁initially ▁played ▁on ▁and ▁was ▁cru cial ▁in ▁the ▁build - up ▁to ▁Sh ane ▁Williams ' ▁opening ▁Wales ▁try ▁but ▁the ▁ 2 2 - year - old ▁was ▁later ▁replaced ▁by ▁Andrew ▁Bishop ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁minute . ▁Wales ▁finally ▁claimed ▁a ▁victory ▁over ▁a ▁southern ▁hem is phere ▁team , ▁winning ▁ 2 1 – 1 8 . ▁After ▁the ▁game ▁Roberts ▁was ▁r ushed ▁into ▁hospital ▁with ▁a ▁sus pected ▁f ract ured ▁sk ull . ▁This ▁was ▁later ▁confirmed ▁and ▁he ▁would ▁be ▁out ▁for ▁two ▁months . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Roberts ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Blues ▁setup ▁two ▁months ▁later ▁and ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 4 - man ▁Blues ▁victory ▁away ▁to ▁Gl ouc ester ▁which ▁saw ▁the ▁Blues ▁become ▁the ▁fifth ▁team ▁to ▁win ▁all ▁their ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ▁group ▁stage . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁then ▁selected ▁in ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁squad ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Tournament . ▁For ▁the ▁opening ▁match ▁against ▁The ▁Sc ots , ▁Roberts ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁selected ▁to ▁play ▁outside ▁centre ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁with ▁G av in ▁H enson ▁inside ▁him , ▁but ▁H enson ▁pulled ▁out ▁with ▁another ▁injury . ▁Roberts ▁played ▁an ▁instrument al ▁game , ▁winning ▁a ▁man |
▁of ▁the ▁match ▁award ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 6 – 1 3 ▁win . ▁He ▁was ▁again ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁against ▁England . ▁This ▁time ▁he ▁was ▁better ▁mar sh alled ▁with ▁England ▁fl ank er ▁Joe ▁W ors ley ▁man ▁mark ing ▁him ▁for ▁the ▁entire ▁game ▁as ▁Wales ▁won ▁ 2 3 – 1 5 . ▁Roberts ▁played ▁again ▁at ▁ 1 2 ▁for ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁France . ▁This ▁time ▁he ▁was ▁kept ▁quiet ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁mid way ▁through ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁by ▁G av in ▁H enson . ▁Wales ▁lost ▁ 2 1 – 1 5 . ▁For ▁the ▁third ▁time , ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁at ▁outside ▁centre ▁with ▁G av in ▁H enson , ▁and ▁he ▁finally ▁played ▁with ▁him . ▁But ▁the ▁combination ▁didn ' t ▁go ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁t ipped ▁to ▁be ▁with ▁Roberts ▁bare ly ▁touch ing ▁the ▁ball ▁the ▁whole ▁match . ▁Wales ▁won ▁ 2 0 – 1 5 ▁but ▁not ▁by ▁the ▁amount ▁they ▁were ▁hoping ▁for , ▁as ▁they ▁were ▁looking ▁to ▁increase ▁their ▁points ▁difference ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁round . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁put ▁on ▁the ▁ben ch ▁for ▁the ▁tournament ▁dec ider ▁against ▁Ireland . ▁He ▁came ▁on ▁just ▁before ▁hal ft ime ▁as ▁Lee ▁By r ne ▁was ▁injured . ▁Roberts ▁failed ▁to ▁match ▁Brian ▁O ' D ris coll , ▁who ▁scored ▁a ▁try , ▁as ▁Ireland ▁claimed ▁victory ▁ 1 7 – 1 5 ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁for ▁the |
▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ 6 1 ▁years . ▁ ▁End - of - season ▁form ▁Despite ▁the ▁disappoint ing ▁end ▁to ▁the ▁Six ▁Nations , ▁Roberts ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁well ▁for ▁the ▁Blues ▁as ▁they ▁won ▁the ▁E DF ▁Energy ▁Cup ▁with ▁a ▁ 5 0 – 1 2 ▁win ▁over ▁Gl ouc ester . ▁On ▁ 2 1 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Roberts ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁tour ▁to ▁South ▁Africa . ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁six ▁Blues ▁selected . ▁ ▁The ▁Blues ▁also ▁made ▁it ▁into ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ▁semi - final s ▁thanks ▁to ▁a ▁win ▁over ▁Toul ouse . ▁But ▁they ▁lost ▁in ▁a ▁penalty ▁shoot - out ▁against ▁Le ic ester ▁Tig ers ▁after ▁the ▁match ▁was ▁drawn ▁ 2 6 – 2 6 . ▁Roberts ▁scored ▁a ▁try ▁and ▁set ▁up ▁another ▁try . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁L ions ▁Tour ▁of ▁South ▁Africa ▁ ▁W arm - up ▁matches ▁Before ▁the ▁tour , ▁Roberts ▁was ▁in ▁cont ention ▁for ▁the ▁inside ▁centre ▁role . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁opening ▁match ▁of ▁the ▁tour , ▁against ▁the ▁Royal ▁XV . ▁He ▁was ▁partner ed ▁by ▁Keith ▁Ear ls ▁in ▁the ▁centre . ▁Despite ▁a ▁d our ▁display ▁from ▁the ▁L ions , ▁Roberts ▁held ▁his ▁own ▁in ▁the ▁alt itude ▁and ▁along ▁with ▁Lee ▁By r ne ▁and ▁Tommy ▁B owe ▁made ▁an |
▁early ▁claim ▁for ▁the ▁test ▁spot ▁in ▁the ▁ 3 7 – 2 5 ▁win . ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁game , ▁Fl ut ey ▁came ▁on ▁but ▁picked ▁up ▁an ▁injury ▁r uling ▁him ▁out ▁for ▁a ▁week ▁and ▁a ▁half . ▁This ▁meant ▁that ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁once ▁again ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁against ▁the ▁Golden ▁L ions , ▁this ▁time ▁partner ed ▁with ▁Brian ▁O ' D ris coll . ▁He ▁scored ▁two ▁tries ▁and ▁made ▁several ▁breaks , ▁which ▁gave ▁the ▁select ors ▁thoughts ▁about ▁a ▁test ▁partners hip ▁with ▁O ' D ris coll ▁as ▁the ▁L ions ▁won ▁ 7 4 – 1 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁then ▁left ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁next ▁game ▁against ▁the ▁Free ▁State ▁C heet ah s , ▁as ▁the ▁L ions ▁sc rap ed ▁victory ▁ 2 6 – 2 4 . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁selected ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁with ▁O ' D ris coll ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁match ▁against ▁the ▁. ▁There ▁were ▁also ▁signs ▁of ▁concerns ▁as ▁he ▁hurt ▁his ▁shoulder ▁and ▁had ▁to ▁have ▁stra pped ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁but ▁coach ▁Ian ▁McG ee chan ▁played ▁down ▁any ▁injury ▁wor ries , ▁saying ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁just ▁bru ising . ▁The ▁L ions ▁won ▁ 3 9 – 3 . R iki ▁Fl ut ey ▁was ▁then ▁given ▁his ▁first ▁start ▁against ▁Western ▁Province , ▁but ▁failed ▁to ▁impress . ▁ ▁First ▁test ▁Roberts , ▁as ▁expected , ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁with ▁O ' D ris coll |
▁for ▁the ▁first ▁test ▁match ▁in ▁Dur ban . ▁The ▁L ions ▁lost ▁the ▁first ▁test ▁narrow ly ▁ 2 6 – 2 1 , ▁despite ▁out sc oring ▁them ▁three ▁tries ▁to ▁two . ▁In ▁the ▁game ▁Roberts ▁released ▁his ▁partner ▁to ▁set ▁up ▁the ▁first ▁try ▁for ▁Tom ▁Cro ft . ▁He ▁made ▁a ▁tan dem ▁tack le ▁with ▁O ' D ris coll ▁on ▁w inger ▁J P ▁Piet ers en , ▁knock ing ▁him ▁back ▁ 2 0 ▁metres . ▁However , ▁his ▁performance ▁was ▁not ▁enough ▁for ▁the ▁L ions ▁to ▁win ▁despite ▁a ▁late ▁com eb ack . ▁His ▁partners hip ▁with ▁O ' D ris coll ▁was ▁tout ed ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁L ions ' ▁best ▁centre ▁partners hips ▁ever . ▁ ▁Second ▁test ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁again ▁with ▁O ' D ris coll ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁at ▁Lo ft us ▁Vers feld . ▁This ▁was ▁significant ▁for ▁Roberts ▁because ▁it ▁was ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁played ▁his ▁first ▁test ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁( and ▁also ▁his ▁first ▁ever ▁match ▁at ▁centre ). ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁qui eter ▁game ▁and ▁never ▁missed ▁a ▁tack le . ▁But ▁it ▁wasn ' t ▁enough ▁for ▁the ▁L ions ▁as ▁they ▁went ▁down ▁ 2 8 – 2 5 ▁to ▁last ▁minute ▁M orn é ▁Ste yn ▁penalty ▁from ▁ 5 3 ▁metres ▁out . ▁This ▁gave ▁the ▁Spring b oks ▁an ▁un ass ailable ▁ 2 – 0 ▁lead ▁in ▁the ▁series , ▁to ▁give |
▁them ▁reven ge ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁defeat ▁that ▁the ▁B oks ▁had ▁suffered ▁to ▁the ▁L ions . ▁They ▁also ▁out sc ored ▁the ▁L ions ▁three ▁tries ▁to ▁one ▁with ▁J P ▁Piet ers en , ▁Bry an ▁Hab ana ▁and ▁Jac que ▁Four ie ▁all ▁scoring . ▁Rob ▁K ear ney ▁scored ▁the ▁L ions ▁try . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁taken ▁off ▁in ▁ 6 9 th ▁minute ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁sp rained ▁w rist ▁and ▁replaced ▁by ▁Ron an ▁O ' G ara . ▁This ▁proved ▁cost ly ▁as ▁O ' G ara ▁missed ▁a ▁tack le ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁Four ie ' s ▁try ▁and ▁conced ed ▁the ▁penalty ▁which ▁Ste yn ▁k icked . ▁Roberts ▁wasn ' t ▁the ▁only ▁one ▁to ▁pick ▁up ▁an ▁injury . ▁Pro ps ▁G eth in ▁Jenkins ▁( bro ken ▁che ek bone ), ▁Adam ▁Jones ▁( dis located ▁shoulder ) ▁and ▁centre ▁partner ▁Brian ▁O ' D ris coll ▁( con cussion ) ▁all ▁pick ing ▁up ▁inj uries . ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁un cont ested ▁sc rum s , ▁which ▁fav oured ▁the ▁Spring b oks ▁as ▁they ▁were ▁being ▁destroyed . ▁This ▁is ▁what ▁many ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁difference . ▁ ▁This ▁next ▁day , ▁coach ▁Ian ▁McG ee chan ▁announced ▁that ▁both ▁props ▁Jenkins ▁and ▁Jones ▁would ▁miss ▁the ▁final ▁test ▁and ▁Roberts ▁and ▁O ' D ris coll ▁were ▁major ▁doub ts . ▁The ▁following ▁Monday , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁O ' |
D ris coll ▁would ▁be ▁flying ▁home ▁but ▁Roberts ▁along ▁with ▁Tommy ▁B owe , ▁would ▁most ▁likely ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁test . ▁But ▁when ▁the ▁team ▁was ▁announced , ▁Roberts ' ▁place ▁was ▁taken ▁by ▁R iki ▁Fl ut ey ▁with ▁Tommy ▁B owe ▁in ▁the ▁outside ▁centre . ▁They ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁hadn ' t ▁quite ▁recovered . ▁The ▁L ions ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁ 2 8 – 9 ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁test ▁against ▁a ▁new ▁look ▁Spring b ok ▁team , ▁but ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁still ▁lost ▁ 2 – 1 . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁the ▁L ions ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Series . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 – 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁September ▁– ▁October ▁( M agn ers ▁League ▁& ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ) ▁After ▁the ▁L ions ▁tour , ▁Roberts , ▁along ▁with ▁all ▁the ▁other ▁L ions ▁would ▁be ▁given ▁a ▁five - week ▁break ▁from ▁the ▁sport . ▁D af y dd ▁James ▁said ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁good ▁thing . ▁This ▁was ▁coming ▁from ▁his ▁personal ▁experience ▁from ▁being ▁injured ▁after ▁being ▁r ushed ▁back ▁into ▁rugby ▁from ▁the ▁tour . ▁Roberts ▁would ▁return ▁to ▁regional ▁training ▁with ▁the ▁Blues ▁in ▁late ▁September ▁or ▁early ▁October . ▁And ▁despite ▁having ▁become ▁a ▁well - known ▁figure ▁on ▁the ▁L ions ▁tour , ▁Roberts ▁would ▁also ▁face ▁st iff ▁competition ▁for ▁a ▁centre ▁spot ▁from ▁new ▁sign ings ▁Case y ▁La ul ala ▁and ▁G av in ▁Evans ▁alongside |
▁D af y dd ▁H ew itt , ▁who ▁was ▁returning ▁from ▁a ▁long ▁term ▁injury . ▁The ▁Blues ▁lost ▁their ▁opening ▁two ▁matches ▁to ▁Edinburgh ▁and ▁Mun ster , ▁with ▁Roberts ▁being ▁rest ed . ▁He ▁then ▁returned ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁with ▁Con n acht ▁but ▁only ▁last ed ▁till ▁hal ft ime ▁with ▁an ▁an k le ▁injury ▁forcing ▁him ▁off . ▁The ▁Blues ▁lost ▁again ▁ 1 8 – 1 6 . ▁The ▁following ▁Monday , ▁Roberts ▁was ▁cleared ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁the ▁Sc ar lets ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁Wel sh ▁der by ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁But ▁he ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁forced ▁off ▁before ▁hal ft ime , ▁this ▁time ▁with ▁a ▁neck ▁injury . ▁The ▁Blues ▁claimed ▁their ▁first ▁victory ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁ 1 9 – 1 5 . ▁But ▁Roberts ▁would ▁be ▁ruled ▁out ▁for ▁ten ▁days ▁with ▁the ▁neck ▁injury ▁meaning ▁he ▁would ▁miss ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁Glasgow ▁War riors , ▁which ▁the ▁Blues ▁would ▁lose ▁ 2 1 – 5 . ▁Having ▁lost ▁ 4 ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 ▁games ▁going ▁into ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ▁op ener ▁against ▁Har le qu ins , ▁Roberts ▁returned ▁to ▁partner ▁Tom ▁Sh ank lin ▁in ▁the ▁centre . ▁The ▁Blues ▁claimed ▁a ▁ 2 0 – 6 ▁victory . ▁Roberts ▁set ▁up ▁the ▁opening ▁try ▁for ▁Tom ▁James , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁getting ▁over ▁the ▁gain line , ▁and ▁also ▁boot ing ▁a ▁ 7 0 - met re ▁kick ▁before ▁hal |
ft ime . ▁The ▁Blues ▁then ▁took ▁on ▁the ▁S ale ▁Sh arks ▁the ▁following ▁week . ▁They ▁lost ▁ 2 7 – 2 6 ▁in ▁a ▁close ▁game . ▁Next ▁up ▁was ▁the ▁O spre ys ▁in ▁the ▁biggest ▁attend ance ▁at ▁their ▁new ▁stad ium . ▁Roberts ▁and ▁Tom ▁Sh ank lin ▁were ▁very ▁good ▁in ▁defence . ▁The ▁Wel sh ▁squad ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁next ▁day , ▁with ▁Roberts ▁included . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Aut umn ▁International s ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁game ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁despite ▁spec ulation ▁he ▁would ▁be ▁playing ▁at ▁ 1 3 , ▁outside ▁James ▁Hook , ▁he ▁was ▁retained ▁at ▁ 1 2 ▁partner ing ▁Tom ▁Sh ank lin ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁with ▁Hook ▁aver ting ▁to ▁full ▁back . ▁Wales ▁ended ▁up ▁losing ▁ 1 9 – 1 2 ▁in ▁a ▁thr illing ▁encounter . ▁The ▁centre ▁partners hip ▁with ▁Sh ank lin ▁lack ed ▁cre ativity ▁meaning ▁Roberts ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁move ▁ 1 3 ▁with ▁Hook ▁coming ▁in ▁at ▁ 1 2 . ▁For ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁Sam oa , ▁the ▁partners hip ▁was ▁retained ▁with ▁Hook ▁remaining ▁at ▁full ▁back . ▁Roberts ▁had ▁a ▁quiet ▁game ▁and ▁Sam oa ▁pushed ▁Wales ▁all ▁the ▁way ▁and ▁nearly ▁repeated ▁the ▁shock ▁vict ories ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup ' s . ▁But ▁Wales ▁held ▁out ▁for ▁a ▁ 1 7 – 1 3 ▁victory . ▁Once ▁again ▁cre ativity ▁was |
▁lack ing ▁until ▁Tom ▁Sh ank lin ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Jonathan ▁Dav ies . ▁This ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁the ▁probable ▁partners hip ▁for ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁Argentina ▁although ▁some ▁were ▁calling ▁for ▁James ▁Hook ▁to ▁come ▁in ▁at ▁ 1 2 ▁after ▁making ▁several ▁breaks . ▁On ▁the ▁Monday ▁before ▁the ▁match , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁Tom ▁Sh ank lin ▁had ▁broken ▁his ▁nose ▁and ▁would ▁therefore ▁miss ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁the ▁P um as . ▁With ▁G at land ▁keen ▁to ▁keep ▁Hook ▁at ▁full ▁back , ▁Jonathan ▁Dav ies ▁was ▁brought ▁in , ▁incident ally ▁at ▁ 1 2 , ▁with ▁Roberts ▁sh ifting ▁to ▁outside ▁centre ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁red ▁j er sey . ▁This ▁was ▁to ▁give ▁Roberts ▁extra ▁space ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁hard ▁yards . ▁Wales ▁claimed ▁victory ▁by ▁ 3 3 – 1 6 . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁then ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁Barb ari ans ▁squad ▁along ▁with ▁two ▁other ▁Card iff ▁Blues ▁players ▁Andy ▁Pow ell ▁and ▁Le igh ▁Half pen ny . ▁But ▁attention ▁wasn ' t ▁on ▁that ▁for ▁the ▁moment ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁put ▁under ▁the ▁spot light ▁and ▁was ▁told ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁big ▁game ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁match ▁of ▁the ▁series ▁against ▁Australia . ▁Once ▁again ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁at ▁ 1 3 ▁with ▁Dav ies ▁at ▁ 1 2 ▁despite ▁Sh ank lin ▁returning ▁from ▁injury . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁player ▁to ▁make ▁any ▁head way ▁as ▁Wales ▁were ▁cr ushed ▁ 3 3 – 1 |
2 ▁in ▁their ▁worst ▁performance ▁in ▁Warren ▁G at land ' s ▁reign . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁then ▁given ▁a ▁start ▁for ▁the ▁Barb ari ans ▁match ▁against ▁the ▁All ▁Black s ▁with ▁Ja que ▁Four ie ▁partner ing ▁him ▁in ▁the ▁centre . ▁It ▁would ▁be ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁chance ▁to ▁re de em ▁himself ▁after ▁a ▁disappoint ing ▁international ▁series . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁finally ▁given ▁the ▁chance ▁to ▁prove ▁his ▁worth ▁with ▁an ▁instrument al ▁performance ▁as ▁the ▁Ba a - ba as ▁claimed ▁only ▁their ▁second ▁ever ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand ▁by ▁ 2 5 ▁points ▁to ▁ 1 8 . ▁Roberts ▁made ▁breaks ▁and ▁combined ▁super b ly . ▁This ▁proved ▁the ▁critics ▁that ▁he ▁wasn ' t ▁lack ing ▁form ▁but ▁that ▁Wales ▁needed ▁someone ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁sh ine . ▁ ▁December ▁– ▁January ▁( M agn ers ▁League ▁& ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ) ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ▁match ▁against ▁Toul ouse ▁in ▁Card iff . ▁The ▁Blues ▁won ▁ 1 5 – 9 ▁in ▁a ▁lack l ust re ▁match . ▁In ▁another ▁lack l ust re ▁match , ▁Toul ouse ▁claimed ▁a ▁ 2 3 – 7 ▁win , ▁a ▁blow ▁to ▁the ▁Blues ' ▁quarter ▁final ▁hopes . ▁He ▁then ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 2 – 1 3 ▁win ▁over ▁riv als ▁the ▁Drag ons . ▁He ▁also ▁picked ▁up ▁a ▁shoulder ▁injury ▁in ▁this ▁match ▁and ▁would ▁miss ▁the ▁second ▁der by ▁match ▁against |
▁the ▁O spre ys . ▁The ▁under str ength ▁Blues ▁were ▁ham mer ed ▁ 2 6 – 0 . ▁On ▁ 5 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Roberts ▁signed ▁a ▁new ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁Blues ▁that ▁would ▁keep ▁him ▁at ▁the ▁region ▁until ▁at ▁least ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁After ▁playing ▁well ▁in ▁Blues ▁ 3 6 – 1 9 ▁win ▁over ▁S ale ▁Sh arks , ▁the ▁Blues ▁faced ▁the ▁probability ▁of ▁being ▁knock ed ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup . ▁And ▁if ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁a ▁result ▁against ▁Har le qu ins , ▁they ▁would ▁be ▁knock ed ▁out ▁of ▁Europe ▁altogether , ▁and ▁not ▁be ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁European ▁Challenge ▁Cup . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁also ▁facing ▁competition ▁for ▁his ▁Wel sh ▁j er sey , ▁with ▁James ▁Hook ▁and ▁Andrew ▁Bishop ▁forming ▁an ▁excellent ▁centre ▁partners hip ▁at ▁the ▁O spre ys . ▁But ▁the ▁Blues ▁ended ▁their ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ▁on ▁a ▁high ▁note ▁by ▁be ating ▁Har le qu ins , ▁ 4 5 – 2 0 , ▁with ▁Roberts ▁hitting ▁back ▁at ▁the ▁critics ▁with ▁two ▁tries , ▁his ▁first ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁And ▁although ▁they ▁were ▁knock ed ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup , ▁they ▁did ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁Challenge ▁Cup , ▁by ▁finishing ▁second ▁in ▁their ▁group . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁There ▁was ▁plenty ▁of ▁competition ▁for ▁a ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁cent res , ▁with ▁Roberts , ▁James |
▁Hook , ▁Andrew ▁Bishop ▁and ▁Jonathan ▁Dav ies ▁all ▁looking ▁capable ▁of ▁doing ▁a ▁good ▁job . ▁There ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁d ile m ma ▁over ▁Lee ▁By r ne , ▁who ▁was ▁set ▁to ▁be ▁b anned ▁for ▁the ▁England ▁game , ▁meaning ▁Hook ▁would ▁play ▁at ▁full ▁back ▁again , ▁even ▁though ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁public ▁were ▁demand ing ▁for ▁him ▁to ▁be ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁position . ▁Lee ▁By r ne ▁over turn ed ▁his ▁ban ▁and ▁Roberts ▁and ▁Hook ▁were ▁selected ▁in ▁the ▁cent res ▁with ▁Roberts ▁returning ▁to ▁his ▁natural ▁position ▁of ▁ 1 2 , ▁having ▁played ▁two ▁games ▁at ▁his ▁less ▁fav oured ▁position ▁of ▁ 1 3 ▁in ▁the ▁aut umn . ▁Roberts ▁and ▁Hook ▁combined ▁well , ▁and ▁Hook ▁scored ▁a ▁super b ▁individual ▁try ▁but ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁enough ▁of ▁the ▁ball ▁as ▁Wales ▁lost ▁ 3 0 – 1 7 , ▁despite ▁a ▁strong ▁fight ▁back . ▁They ▁were ▁again ▁pa ired ▁together ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁against ▁Scotland . ▁Roberts ▁had ▁an ▁excellent ▁game ▁making ▁several ▁breaks . ▁Wales ▁were ▁not ▁as ▁impress ive ▁but ▁completed ▁a ▁com eb ack ▁to ▁defeat ▁the ▁Sc ots ▁ 3 1 – 2 4 , ▁having ▁been ▁ 2 4 – 1 4 ▁down ▁with ▁five ▁minutes ▁to ▁go . ▁The ▁back line ▁for ▁Wales ▁was ▁retained ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁match ▁against ▁France , ▁the ▁second ▁ever ▁Friday ▁night ▁Six ▁Nations ▁match . ▁Roberts ▁and ▁Hook ▁managed ▁to ▁combine ▁very ▁well ▁throughout ▁the |
▁match ▁but ▁could ▁not ▁capital ise ▁on ▁their ▁opportun ities . ▁France ▁ended ▁up ▁winning ▁ 2 6 – 2 0 ▁despite ▁an ▁excellent ▁Wel sh ▁com eb ack , ▁after ▁scoring ▁two ▁inter ception ▁tries ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁to ▁go ▁up ▁ 2 0 – 0 . ▁Roberts ▁played ▁again ▁against ▁Ireland ▁against ▁Brian ▁O ' D ris coll , ▁the ▁man ▁he ▁partner ed ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁for ▁the ▁L ions . ▁Ireland ▁claimed ▁a ▁convin cing ▁victory ▁ 2 7 – 1 2 . ▁Once ▁again , ▁Roberts ▁and ▁Hook ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁cent res ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁match ▁against ▁Italy . ▁Wales ▁won ▁ 3 3 – 1 0 ▁with ▁the ▁pair ▁combining ▁well ▁as ▁Hook ▁scored ▁two ▁tries . ▁G at land ▁said ▁after ▁the ▁match , ▁that ▁despite ▁the ▁two ▁playing ▁well , ▁it ▁would ▁take ▁possibly ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 2 ▁months ▁for ▁them ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁great ▁centre ▁partners hip . ▁ ▁April ▁– ▁May ▁( M agn ers ▁League ▁& ▁A ml in ▁Challenge ▁Cup ) ▁Roberts ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Blues ▁a ▁couple ▁weeks ▁after ▁the ▁Six ▁Nations ▁in ▁their ▁ 1 9 – 9 ▁win ▁over ▁Ul ster . ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁warm - up ▁for ▁their ▁next ▁against ▁New castle ▁Fal cons ▁in ▁the ▁A ml in ▁Challenge ▁Cup . ▁The ▁Blues ▁rom ped ▁home ▁to ▁win ▁ 5 5 – 2 0 ▁with ▁Roberts ▁claim ing ▁a ▁try . ▁He ▁then ▁produced ▁a ▁man ▁of ▁the ▁match ▁display ▁against ▁the |
▁Sc ar lets ▁in ▁the ▁Mag ners ▁League , ▁scoring ▁two ▁tries ▁and ▁setting ▁up ▁another ▁in ▁a ▁comfortable ▁ 3 9 – 1 6 ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁west ▁Wales ▁region . ▁This ▁ended ▁the ▁Sc ar lets ▁hopes ▁of ▁a ▁spot ▁in ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup . ▁Roberts ▁then ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 – 1 4 ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Drag ons ▁at ▁Rod ney ▁Par ade . ▁Next ▁came ▁London ▁Was ps ▁in ▁the ▁A ml in ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁semi ▁final . ▁The ▁Blues ▁claimed ▁victory ▁to ▁move ▁into ▁the ▁final ▁against ▁Toul on ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁May . ▁But ▁before ▁this , ▁he ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 3 – 1 2 ▁victory ▁over ▁Mun ster , ▁scoring ▁a ▁try . ▁Next ▁came ▁the ▁A ml in ▁Final . ▁The ▁Blues ▁claimed ▁a ▁victory ▁by ▁ 2 8 ▁points ▁to ▁ 2 1 , ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁Wel sh ▁team ▁to ▁win ▁silver ware ▁in ▁Europe . ▁Roberts ▁scored ▁a ▁try ▁and ▁caused ▁trouble ▁for ▁the ▁Toul on ▁mid field ▁defence . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁June ▁Test s ▁( Pr ince ▁William ▁Cup ▁& ▁Tour ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ) ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁squad ▁to ▁go ▁on ▁tour ▁to ▁New ▁Zealand ▁and ▁to ▁take ▁on ▁South ▁Africa ▁on ▁ 5 ▁June . ▁It ▁looked ▁as ▁if ▁he ▁would ▁partner ▁Andrew ▁Bishop ▁with ▁James ▁Hook ▁take ▁the ▁tour ▁off ▁as ▁he ▁head ed ▁for ▁shoulder ▁surg ery . ▁But ▁Hook ▁delayed ▁it ▁by |
▁a ▁week ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁Spring b oks ▁and ▁partner ed ▁Roberts ▁for ▁the ▁sixth ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁In ▁a ▁decent ▁match , ▁Wales ▁lost ▁ 3 1 – 3 4 . ▁Roberts ▁had ▁a ▁great ▁game ▁combining ▁excell ently ▁with ▁Hook , ▁getting ▁over ▁gain line ▁a ▁lot ▁and ▁putting ▁in ▁some ▁decent ▁tack les . ▁This ▁was ▁not ▁enough ▁as ▁Wales ▁were ▁out mus c led ▁at ▁the ▁break down . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁then ▁partner ed ▁with ▁Andrew ▁Bishop ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁test ▁against ▁the ▁All ▁Black s . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁in ▁defence , ▁and ▁made ▁some ▁breaks ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁again ▁in ▁vain ▁as ▁Wales ▁were ▁out mus c led ▁by ▁New ▁Zealand ▁going ▁down ▁ 4 2 – 9 ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁ever ▁test ▁in ▁Car is bro ok . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁taken ▁off ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 9 th ▁minute ▁with ▁a ▁shoulder ▁injury ▁but ▁was ▁de emed ▁fine ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁next ▁test . ▁His ▁centre ▁partner ▁Bishop ▁however ▁picked ▁up ▁a ▁hand ▁injury , ▁r uling ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁next ▁test . ▁He ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Jonathan ▁Dav ies ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁number ▁ 1 3 ▁j er sey . ▁Wales ▁lost ▁the ▁second ▁test ▁ 2 9 – 1 0 ▁but ▁put ▁in ▁a ▁slightly ▁improved ▁display . ▁Roberts ▁had ▁another ▁decent ▁game ▁once ▁again ▁putting ▁in ▁brut al ▁tack les , ▁making ▁loads ▁of ▁tack le ▁b ust s ▁and ▁breaks ▁and ▁got ▁his |
▁ 2 nd ▁test ▁try ▁as ▁reward , ▁Wales ' ▁first ▁test ▁try ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁against ▁the ▁All ▁Black s . ▁He ▁could ▁have ▁had ▁another ▁one ▁but ▁was ▁held ▁up ▁over ▁the ▁line . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁W rist ▁S urg ery ▁Com ing ▁back ▁from ▁the ▁tour ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁Roberts ▁required ▁w rist ▁surg ery . ▁It ▁was ▁an ▁injury ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁picked ▁up ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁L ions ▁Tour ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁test ▁and ▁had ▁been ▁an ▁on going ▁problem . ▁The ▁surg ery ▁would ▁rule ▁him ▁out ▁until ▁Christmas . ▁Roberts ▁though ▁was ▁positive ▁about ▁the ▁surg ery ▁saying ▁it ▁would ▁give ▁him ▁time ▁to ▁recuper ate ▁before ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup . ▁He ▁later ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁hoped ▁to ▁knock ▁the ▁return ▁date ▁down ▁by ▁a ▁month ▁or ▁two . ▁On ▁ 6 ▁December , ▁Roberts ▁was ▁cleared ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ▁matches ▁against ▁North am pton ▁Sain ts , ▁a ▁few ▁weeks ▁earlier ▁than ▁expected . ▁Roberts ▁twe et ed , ▁'" Just ▁had ▁my ▁appointment ▁with ▁the ▁w rist ▁sur geon . ▁I ▁walked ▁out ▁feeling ▁like ▁a ▁kid ▁at ▁Christmas . ▁Return ▁to ▁the ▁playing ▁field ▁im min ent ." ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Roberts ▁returned ▁for ▁the ▁Blues ▁and ▁was ▁subsequently ▁called ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁Six ▁Nations ▁squad . ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁at |
▁number ▁ 1 3 ▁with ▁Jonathan ▁Dav ies ▁at ▁number ▁ 1 2 ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁game ▁against ▁England . ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁very ▁quiet ▁game ▁only ▁touch ing ▁the ▁ball ▁ 5 ▁times . ▁Wales ▁lost ▁ 1 9 - 2 6 ▁in ▁a ▁g ri pping ▁encounter . ▁He ▁was ▁retained ▁for ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁Scotland ▁with ▁instructions ▁to ▁look ▁for ▁the ▁ball ▁against ▁the ▁Sc ots ▁as ▁Wales ▁claimed ▁a ▁ 2 4 - 6 ▁victory . ▁Dav ies ▁was ▁then ▁ruled ▁of ▁the ▁next ▁match ▁against ▁Italy , ▁so ▁James ▁Hook ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁ 1 3 ▁and ▁Roberts ▁to ▁ 1 2 . ▁He ▁had ▁the ▁same ▁effect ▁making ▁some ▁neat ▁runs ▁and ▁some ▁brut al ▁hits , ▁not ably ▁on ▁Ser gio ▁Paris se , ▁the ▁Italian ▁captain . ▁Wales ▁claimed ▁victory ▁ 2 4 - 1 6 . ▁Dav ies ▁then ▁returned ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁against ▁Ireland , ▁with ▁Roberts ▁going ▁back ▁to ▁ 1 3 . ▁Wales ▁claimed ▁victory ▁by ▁ 1 9 ▁to ▁ 1 3 , ▁after ▁a ▁controvers ial ▁try ▁by ▁Mike ▁Phill ips . ▁The ▁win ▁kept ▁Wales ' ▁championship ▁hopes ▁alive ▁going ▁into ▁their ▁final ▁game ▁against ▁France . ▁He ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁selected ▁in ▁a ▁retained ▁cet nt re ▁pair ing ▁but ▁Wales ▁were ▁cr ushed ▁by ▁France ▁ 2 8 - 9 , ▁to ▁end ▁championship ▁hopes ▁and ▁finish ▁fourth . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2 ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Rugby ▁World |
▁Cup ▁W arm - U ps ▁Roberts ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁pre lim inary ▁ 4 5 - man ▁World ▁Cup ▁squad ▁which ▁would ▁attend ▁to ▁training ▁cam ps ▁in ▁Sp ala , ▁Poland . ▁These ▁were ▁described ▁as ▁being ▁f ero cious . ▁Jam ie ▁was ▁then ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁starting ▁line - up ▁for ▁the ▁opening ▁World ▁Cup ▁W arm - Up ▁match ▁against ▁England ▁at ▁T wick en ham , ▁partner ing ▁Jonathan ▁Dav ies ▁in ▁the ▁cent res ▁to ▁win ▁his ▁ 3 0 th ▁Wel sh ▁cap . ▁A ▁Wel sh ▁team ▁lost ▁ 2 3 - 1 9 ▁to ▁England ▁with ▁Roberts ▁having ▁a ▁strong ▁game . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁then ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁return ▁fi xture ▁against ▁England . ▁He ▁once ▁again ▁had ▁a ▁strong ▁game ▁running ▁and ▁tack ling ▁but ▁picked ▁up ▁a ▁yellow ▁card ▁for ▁repeated ▁r uck ▁in fr ing ements . ▁Wales ▁claimed ▁a ▁ 1 9 - 9 ▁win ▁- ▁a ▁huge ▁confidence ▁boost ▁for ▁the ▁world ▁cup . ▁Roberts ▁then ▁started ▁against ▁Argentina , ▁the ▁final ▁warm - up ▁game ▁which ▁Wales ▁won ▁comfort ably ▁ 2 8 - 1 3 . ▁The ▁following ▁Monday ▁he ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁squad ▁to ▁travel ▁to ▁New ▁Zealand ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁at ▁ 1 2 ▁for ▁the ▁opening ▁match ▁of ▁the ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup ▁against ▁ ▁which ▁was ▁lost ▁ |
1 7 - 1 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁selected ▁at ▁ 1 2 ▁again , ▁in ▁an ▁un changed ▁XV ▁for ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁Sam oa ▁which ▁Wales ▁won ▁ 1 7 - 1 0 . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁not ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁with ▁Nam ib ia . ▁But ▁he ▁returned ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁against ▁F iji , ▁where ▁he ▁scored ▁two ▁tries , ▁in ▁a ▁ 6 6 - 0 ▁win ▁against ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Island ▁team . ▁Wales ▁would ▁then ▁face ▁Ireland ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁quarter ▁final ▁with ▁Roberts ▁face ▁up ▁to ▁old ▁L ions ▁centre ▁partner ▁Brian ▁O ' D ris coll . ▁Wales ▁won ▁ 2 2 - 1 0 ▁to ▁move ▁into ▁the ▁semi ▁final s ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁since ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁Wales ▁would ▁then ▁lose ▁their ▁respective ▁semi ▁final ▁ 8 - 9 ▁to ▁France ▁after ▁ski pper ▁Sam ▁War bur ton ▁was ▁red ▁card ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁minute ▁for ▁a ▁tip ▁tack le . ▁Roberts ▁had ▁a ▁super b ▁game ▁however , ▁carrying ▁hard ▁throughout . ▁Wales ▁finished ▁the ▁tournament ▁with ▁an ▁ 1 8 - 2 1 ▁loss ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁place ▁play - off ▁against ▁Australia . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁ha iled ▁for ▁his ▁performances ▁in ▁the ▁tournament ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁Wales ' ▁best ▁players . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Roberts ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁Wales ▁squad ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Championship , ▁starting ▁all ▁five ▁games ▁as ▁Wales |
▁achieved ▁their ▁third ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁in ▁eight ▁years . ▁Roberts ▁played ▁all ▁five ▁games ▁at ▁inside ▁centre ▁and , ▁apart ▁from ▁missing ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁match ▁versus ▁England , ▁played ▁every ▁minute ▁of ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁campaign . ▁Roberts ▁scored ▁one ▁try ▁in ▁Wales ' ▁ 2 4 - 3 ▁defeat ▁of ▁Italy . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 3 ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Aut umn ▁International s ▁Wales ▁f ared ▁badly ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Aut umn ▁international s , ▁losing ▁all ▁ 4 ▁of ▁their ▁games ▁against ▁Argentina , ▁Australia , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁and ▁Sam oa . ▁But ▁Roberts ▁was ▁a ▁stand - out ▁perform er ▁playing ▁ 3 ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁in ▁his ▁usual ▁inside ▁centre ▁position . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Wales ▁were ▁crown ed ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁champions ▁despite ▁losing ▁ 2 2 - 3 0 ▁at ▁home ▁to ▁Ireland ▁in ▁the ▁opening ▁game . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁central ▁to ▁this ▁success , ▁starting ▁all ▁ 5 ▁games ▁including ▁a ▁famous ▁ 3 0 - 3 ▁demol ition ▁over ▁England ▁at ▁the ▁Mill en ni um ▁Stadium ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁game , ▁den ying ▁England ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁in ▁the ▁process . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁tour ▁to ▁Australia ▁Roberts ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁L ions ▁tour ▁down ▁under ▁and ▁started ▁in ▁the ▁decis ive ▁ 3 |
rd ▁and ▁final ▁test ▁at ▁the ▁AN Z ▁Stadium ▁in ▁Sydney , ▁where ▁he ▁scored ▁the ▁final ▁try ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 1 - 1 6 ▁demol ition . ▁ ▁Final ▁season ▁at ▁Card iff ▁Blues ▁Roberts ▁played ▁ 1 2 ▁games ▁and ▁scored ▁ 2 ▁tries ▁during ▁his ▁final ▁season ▁at ▁Card iff ▁Blues , ▁a ▁record ▁restricted ▁by ▁international ▁dem ands ▁and ▁injury . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 – 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁Racing ▁ 9 2 ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁signed ▁for ▁Racing ▁M ét ro ▁( now ▁known ▁as ▁Racing ▁ 9 2 ) ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁Top ▁ 1 4 . ▁Roberts ▁played ▁ 1 6 ▁games ▁and ▁scored ▁once ▁during ▁his ▁first ▁season ▁at ▁the ▁Paris ian ▁club , ▁his ▁appearances ▁were ▁restricted ▁by ▁an ▁injury ▁which ▁also ▁caused ▁him ▁to ▁miss ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Aut umn ▁series . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Wales ▁won ▁ 3 ▁games ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Championship ▁with ▁Roberts ▁starting ▁all ▁ 5 ▁games . ▁Wales ▁vict ories ▁included ▁a ▁ 5 1 - 3 ▁thr ash ing ▁of ▁Scotland ▁in ▁which ▁Roberts ▁scored ▁two ▁tries ▁and ▁a ▁convin cing ▁ 2 7 - 6 ▁victory ▁over ▁France . ▁ ▁Roberts ▁also ▁played ▁two ▁summer ▁tests ▁for ▁Wales ▁against ▁South ▁Africa , ▁scoring ▁a ▁try ▁in ▁the ▁narrow ▁ 3 1 - 3 0 ▁second ▁test ▁defeat ▁in ▁N els pr uit . |
▁▁ 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁Roberts ▁started ▁all ▁ 4 ▁games ▁of ▁Wales ' s ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Aut umn ▁campaign , ▁including ▁the ▁vict ories ▁over ▁F iji ▁and ▁South ▁Africa , ▁ear ning ▁many ▁pla ud its ▁in ▁the ▁process ▁for ▁his ▁strong ▁performances . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁all ▁ 5 ▁of ▁Wales ' s ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁games ▁and ▁scored ▁one ▁try . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – 2 0 1 6 ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup ▁Roberts ▁played ▁ 4 ▁games ▁for ▁Wales ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup ▁ ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁After ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup , ▁Roberts ▁began ▁a ▁ ▁Master ▁of ▁Philosoph y ▁in ▁medical ▁science ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cambridge . ▁ ▁This ▁entitled ▁him ▁to ▁play ▁rugby ▁for ▁Cambridge ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁The ▁V ars ity ▁Match ▁which ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁London ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Roberts ▁was ▁forced ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁at ▁half - time ▁by ▁injury ▁as ▁Cambridge ▁were ▁be aten ▁by ▁Oxford ▁for ▁a ▁record ▁sixth ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁ ▁Har le qu ins ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁Roberts ▁had ▁signed ▁for ▁English ▁Av iva ▁Prem iers hip ▁side ▁Har le qu ins . ▁ ▁His ▁contract ▁at ▁Har le qu ins |
▁is ▁rum oured ▁to ▁make ▁him ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁highest ▁paid ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁world , ▁receiving ▁£ 3 8 0 , 0 0 0 ▁a ▁year . ▁ ▁Roberts ' ▁first ▁game ▁for ▁Har le qu ins ▁FC ▁was ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁December ▁vs ▁Cal vis ano . ▁ ▁He ▁scored ▁a ▁try ▁on ▁his ▁debut . ▁ ▁Bath ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁confirmed ▁that ▁Roberts ▁signed ▁on ▁to ▁play ▁for ▁Bath ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁at ▁the ▁succession ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁Prem iers hip ▁season . ▁ ▁Storm ers ▁Roberts ▁joined ▁Storm ers ▁in ▁Super ▁Rugby ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁Professional ▁record ▁Statistics ▁as ▁of ▁ 9 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 8 : ▁ ▁Over all ▁professional ▁points ▁record ▁ ▁Test ▁Match ▁record ▁ ▁Wales ▁ ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁ ▁Records ▁vs . ▁Nations ▁ ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 0 7 / 0 8 ▁Card iff ▁Blues ▁Most ▁Prom ising ▁Player ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁British ▁& ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁Player ▁of ▁The ▁Series ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁BBC ▁Wales ▁Sports ▁Person ality ▁Award ▁Third ▁Place ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Y sg ol ▁Gy fun ▁G ym ra eg ▁Gl ant af , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁graduated ▁from ▁Card iff ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine ▁after ▁ 8 ▁years ▁studying . ▁Roberts ▁is |
▁also ▁a ▁patron ▁for ▁the ▁anti - sm oking ▁pressure ▁group ▁and ▁char ity ▁AS H ▁Wales . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Profile ▁at ▁W RU . co . uk ▁ ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Card iff ▁University ▁Category : Bar bar ian ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B ath ▁Rugby ▁players ▁Category : B rit ish ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁from ▁Wales ▁Category : Card iff ▁Blues ▁players ▁Category : Card iff ▁R FC ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Y sg ol ▁Gy fun ▁G ym ra eg ▁Gl ant af ▁Category : R ugby ▁union ▁players ▁from ▁New port , ▁Wales ▁Category : R acing ▁ 9 2 ▁players ▁Category : R um ney ▁R FC ▁players ▁Category : St orm ers ▁players ▁Category : W ales ▁international ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : Wel sh ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Wel sh ▁medical ▁do ctors ▁Category : C amb ridge ▁University ▁R . U . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Queens ' ▁College , ▁Cambridge <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁s occer ▁club ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁Boston ▁neighborhood ▁of ▁All ston . ▁The ▁team ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Women ' s ▁Soccer ▁League ▁( N WS L ). ▁ ▁They ▁replaced ▁the ▁original ▁Bre akers , ▁who ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁def |
unct ▁Women ' s ▁United ▁Soccer ▁Association , ▁as ▁the ▁Boston ▁area ' s ▁professional ▁women ' s ▁s occer ▁team . ▁ ▁The ▁Bre akers ▁played ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Jordan ▁Field ▁in ▁Boston ▁and ▁were ▁managed ▁in ▁their ▁final ▁season ▁by ▁Matt ▁Be ard . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Original ▁franch ise ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁W USA ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁In ▁the ▁final ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁W USA , ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁had ▁their ▁best ▁record ▁( 1 0 – 4 – 7 ) ▁and ▁placed ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁before ▁losing ▁to ▁the ▁Washington ▁Fre edom ▁in ▁the ▁semif inals . ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁ ▁Re - est ab lish ment ▁( 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 9 ) ▁▁ ▁The ▁formation ▁of ▁Women ' s ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁was ▁announced ▁on ▁September ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁during ▁which ▁time ▁it ▁was ▁also ▁announced ▁that ▁a ▁franch ise ▁had ▁been ▁awarded ▁to ▁Boston . ▁ ▁The ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁franch ise ▁was ▁officially ▁un ve iled ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁professional ▁women ' s ▁sports ▁team ▁in ▁Massachusetts . ▁Joe ▁C umm ings ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁President ▁and ▁General ▁Manager ▁and ▁he ▁had ▁previously ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁franch ise ▁in ▁the ▁W USA . ▁In ▁September ▁ |
2 0 0 7 , ▁Tony ▁Di C ic co ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁the ▁club ' s ▁first ▁head ▁coach . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁W PS ▁national ▁team ▁player ▁allocation ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁acquired ▁He ather ▁Mitt s ▁and ▁former ▁Bre akers ▁players , ▁Krist ine ▁L illy ▁and ▁Ang ela ▁Hu cles . ▁The ▁club ▁acquired ▁Amy ▁Rod rig uez ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁overall ▁pick ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁W PS ▁Soccer ▁D raft ▁in ▁St . ▁Louis ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁season ▁▁ ▁The ▁Bre akers ▁played ▁their ▁debut ▁match ▁in ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁season ▁of ▁Women ' s ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁against ▁FC ▁Gold ▁P ride ▁in ▁Santa ▁Clara , ▁California ▁losing ▁ 2 – 1 . ▁Its ▁first ▁home ▁match ▁was ▁against ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Athlet ica ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁lost ▁ 2 – 0 . ▁The ▁Bre akers ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁in ▁fifth ▁place ▁with ▁a ▁ 7 – 9 – 4 ▁record . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁season ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁season ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁league ▁susp ension ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁announced ▁that ▁they ▁signed ▁United ▁States ▁U - 2 3 ▁national ▁team ▁def ender , ▁Bian ca ▁D |
' Ag ost ino . ▁Australian ▁national ▁team ▁forward , ▁Ky ah ▁Simon , ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁in ▁anticip ation ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season ▁as ▁well . ▁Simon ▁scored ▁two ▁goals ▁against ▁Norway ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁World ▁Cup , ▁which ▁advanced ▁Australia ▁to ▁the ▁quarter - final s . ▁Her ▁goals ▁made ▁her ▁the ▁first ▁ever ▁Ab original ▁to ▁score ▁a ▁goal ▁in ▁a ▁World ▁Cup ▁tournament . ▁ ▁The ▁league ▁announced ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁that ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Women ' s ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁season ▁was ▁susp ended . ▁On ▁February ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁the ▁club ▁announced ▁it ▁would ▁comp ete ▁in ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁W PS L ▁El ite ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season , ▁with ▁the ▁expectation ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁re join ▁the ▁W PS ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁season . ▁The ▁semi - pro ▁league ▁has ▁no ▁restrictions ▁on ▁the ▁types ▁of ▁players , ▁whether ▁they ▁be ▁professional ▁or ▁amateur . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁W PS ▁susp ension , ▁goal keeper ▁A ly ss a ▁N ae her ▁returned ▁to ▁her ▁former ▁club , ▁Tur bine ▁P ots dam , ▁after ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁seasons . ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁Premier ▁Soccer ▁League ▁El ite ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 |
, ▁the ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁joined ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Premier ▁Soccer ▁League ▁El ite . ▁The ▁team ▁finished ▁in ▁first ▁place ▁cl inch ing ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁title ▁with ▁an ▁ 1 1 – 3 – 0 ▁record , ▁the ▁best ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁franch ise ▁history . ▁They ▁lost ▁ 3 – 1 ▁against ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Red ▁Stars ▁in ▁the ▁W PS L ▁El ite ▁semif inals . ▁ ▁National ▁Women ' s ▁Soccer ▁League ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁would ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁eight ▁teams ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁women ' s ▁professional ▁s occer ▁league ▁spons ored ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Soccer ▁Federation , ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Soccer ▁Association ▁and ▁the ▁Mexican ▁Football ▁Federation . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁league ▁held ▁its ▁player ▁allocation ▁for ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁players , ▁with ▁Boston ▁receiving ▁seven ▁players , ▁including ▁two ▁returning ▁former ▁Bre akers ▁He ather ▁O ' Re illy ▁and ▁He ather ▁Mitt s . ▁The ▁other ▁players ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁were ▁An isa ▁Gu aj ardo , ▁Adri ana ▁Leon , ▁Sydney ▁L er oux , ▁Cec ilia ▁Santiago , ▁and ▁Rh ian ▁Wil kin son . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁season ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁club ' s ▁e ighth ▁overall ▁year ▁of ▁existence , ▁fourth ▁consecutive ▁year , ▁and ▁first ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National |
▁Women ' s ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁They ▁played ▁ 2 2 ▁games , ▁finishing ▁with ▁ 8 ▁wins , ▁ 6 ▁draw s , ▁and ▁ 8 ▁losses . ▁They ▁did ▁not ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁post - season ▁play offs , ▁and ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁at ▁fifth ▁place ▁in ▁an ▁eight ▁team ▁league . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁season ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁club ' s ▁nin th ▁overall ▁year ▁of ▁existence , ▁fifth ▁consecutive ▁year , ▁and ▁second ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Women ' s ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁They ▁played ▁ 2 4 ▁games , ▁finishing ▁with ▁ 6 ▁wins , ▁ 2 ▁draw s , ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁losses . ▁They ▁did ▁not ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁post - season ▁play offs , ▁and ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁at ▁e ighth ▁place ▁in ▁a ▁nine ▁team ▁league . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁season ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁season , ▁was ▁the ▁club ' s ▁t enth ▁overall ▁year ▁of ▁existence , ▁sixth ▁consecutive ▁year , ▁and ▁third ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Women ' s ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁ ▁They ▁played ▁ 2 0 ▁games , ▁finishing ▁with ▁ 4 ▁wins , ▁ 3 ▁draw s , ▁and ▁ 1 3 ▁losses . ▁They ▁did ▁not ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁post - season ▁play offs , ▁and ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁at ▁nin th ▁place ▁in ▁a ▁nine ▁team |
▁league . ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁season ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁club ' s ▁ele vent h ▁overall ▁year ▁of ▁existence , ▁sevent h ▁consecutive ▁year , ▁and ▁fourth ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Women ' s ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁They ▁played ▁ 2 0 ▁games , ▁finishing ▁with ▁ 3 ▁wins , ▁ 2 ▁draw s , ▁and ▁ 1 5 ▁losses . ▁They ▁did ▁not ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁post - season ▁play offs , ▁and ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁at ▁t enth ▁place ▁in ▁a ▁ten ▁team ▁league . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁season ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁club ' s ▁tw elf th ▁overall ▁year ▁of ▁existence , ▁e ighth ▁consecutive ▁year , ▁and ▁fifth ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Women ' s ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁They ▁played ▁ 2 4 ▁games , ▁finishing ▁with ▁ 4 ▁wins , ▁ 7 ▁draw s , ▁and ▁ 1 3 ▁losses . ▁They ▁did ▁not ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁post - season ▁play offs , ▁and ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁in ▁nin th ▁place ▁of ▁a ▁ten ▁team ▁league . ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁season ▁▁ ▁The ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁officially ▁fol ded ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁N WS L ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Stadium ▁ ▁Jordan ▁Field ▁( 2 |
0 1 4 – 2 0 1 7 ) ▁The ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁played ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁for ▁their ▁final ▁four ▁seasons ▁at ▁Jordan ▁Field , ▁a ▁ 4 , 1 0 0 ▁seat , ▁multi - pur pose ▁facility ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁campus ▁of ▁Harvard ▁University ▁in ▁All ston , ▁Massachusetts . ▁ ▁Jordan ▁Field ▁was ▁formerly ▁known ▁as ▁Sold iers ▁Field ▁Soccer ▁Stadium . ▁ ▁D il boy ▁Stadium ▁( 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 3 ) ▁The ▁Bre akers ▁played ▁at ▁D il boy ▁Stadium ▁in ▁the ▁Boston ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Som er ville , ▁Massachusetts ▁for ▁their ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁seasons , ▁the ▁move ▁from ▁Harvard ▁to ▁D il boy ▁concurrent ▁with ▁their ▁league ▁move ▁to ▁the ▁W PS L ▁El ite . ▁ ▁Harvard ▁Stadium ▁( 2 0 0 9 – 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Boston ▁used ▁Harvard ▁Stadium , ▁the ▁ 3 0 , 3 2 3 ▁seat ▁home ▁football ▁stad ium ▁of ▁the ▁Harvard ▁C rim son , ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁through ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁shortly ▁after ▁joining ▁the ▁newly ▁created ▁Women ' s ▁Premier ▁Soccer ▁League ▁El ite , ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁moved ▁their ▁home ▁field ▁to ▁Jordan ▁Field . ▁ ▁Broadcast ing ▁▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁games ▁were ▁stream ed ▁exclus ively ▁by ▁Go 9 0 ▁for ▁American ▁aud ien |
ces ▁and ▁via ▁the ▁N WS L ▁website ▁for ▁international ▁view ers . ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁three - year ▁agreement ▁with ▁A & E ▁Network s , ▁L if etime ▁broadcast s ▁one ▁N WS L ▁Game ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁on ▁Saturday ▁af tern o ons . ▁The ▁Bre akers ▁were ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁nation ally ▁tele vised ▁Game ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Pre vious ▁seasons ' ▁games ▁were ▁broadcast ▁on ▁YouTube , ▁Media B oss ▁Television , ▁ESP N , ▁and ▁Fox ▁Sports . ▁ ▁Supp or ters ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁had ▁an ▁official ▁supp or ters ▁group ▁called ▁the ▁Boston ▁Arm ada . ▁ ▁Play ers ▁and ▁coach es ▁ ▁Final ▁ro ster ▁ ▁Head ▁coach es ▁▁▁ ▁Matt ▁Be ard ▁( 2 0 1 6 – 2 0 1 7 ) ▁▁ ▁Tom ▁Dur kin ▁( 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 5 ) ▁▁ ▁Cat ▁White hill ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁( inter im ) ▁▁ ▁Lisa ▁Cole ▁( 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 3 ) ▁▁ ▁Tony ▁Di C ic co ▁( 2 0 0 9 – 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁O wn ership ▁and ▁team ▁management ▁ ▁Michael ▁St ol ler ▁was ▁the ▁man aging ▁partner ▁of ▁Boston ▁Women ' s ▁Soccer , ▁L LC , ▁the ▁ownership ▁group ▁over see ing ▁the ▁Bre akers . ▁ ▁Records ▁and ▁statistics ▁ ▁Hon ors ▁ ▁Ind ividual |
▁Player ▁Awards ▁▁ ▁Amy ▁Le Pe il bet , ▁W PS ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Def ender ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁ ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁ ▁P ill ars ▁of ▁Ex cell ence ▁▁ ▁In ▁summer ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁began ▁a ▁tradition ▁of ▁hon oring ▁leg ends ▁from ▁the ▁past ▁with ▁comm emor ative ▁b ann ers ▁at ▁Harvard ▁Stadium . ▁The ▁award ' s ▁P ill ars ▁of ▁Ex cell ence ▁name ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁stad ium ' s ▁icon ic ▁colon na de . ▁Play ers ▁from ▁both ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁( W USA ) ▁and ▁the ▁W PS / W PS L ▁El ite / N WS L ▁entry ▁are ▁considered . ▁ ▁Mar en ▁Me in ert ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁induct ee ▁during ▁a ▁hal ft ime ▁ceremony ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁when ▁the ▁Bre akers ▁hosted ▁the ▁Washington ▁Fre edom . ▁During ▁her ▁final ▁season ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Me in ert ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁W USA ' s ▁Most ▁Val u able ▁Player ▁for ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁and ▁M VP ▁of ▁the ▁W USA ▁All - Star ▁Game . ▁Ang ela ▁Hu cles ▁was ▁induct ed ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁during ▁a ▁home ▁game ▁against ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Red ▁Stars . ▁Krist ine ▁L illy ▁was ▁induct ed ▁during ▁hal ft ime ▁of ▁a |
▁match ▁against ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Independ ence ▁May ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Les lie ▁Os bor ne ▁was ▁induct ed ▁during ▁hal ft ime ▁of ▁a ▁home ▁game ▁against ▁Sky ▁Blue ▁FC . ▁ ▁Supp or ters ▁Award ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁the ▁official ▁supp or ters ▁group ▁of ▁the ▁Boston ▁Bre akers , ▁The ▁Boston ▁Arm ada , ▁began ▁a ▁tradition ▁of ▁award ing ▁one ▁player ▁at ▁each ▁home ▁game ▁with ▁a ▁supp or ters ▁award . ▁ ▁Official ly ▁dub bed , ▁" The ▁Ch unk ▁Award ", ▁it ▁recogn izes ▁a ▁player ' s ▁individual ▁contribution ▁to ▁the ▁team ▁during ▁the ▁match . ▁ ▁The ▁tro phy ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁is ▁representative ▁of ▁the ▁uno fficial ▁mas cot ▁of ▁the ▁Boston ▁Bre akers , ▁" Ch unk ", ▁a ▁British ▁Bul ld og ▁owned ▁by ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁Academy ▁Head ▁Co ach , ▁Lee ▁Bill ard . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁top - div ision ▁football ▁clubs ▁in ▁CON C AC AF ▁countries ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁professional ▁sports ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada ▁ ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁( W USA ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Boston ▁Bre akers ▁News ▁at ▁N WS L ▁News ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁▁ ▁Category : S occer ▁clubs ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : National ▁Women ' s ▁Soccer |
▁League ▁teams ▁Category : S occer ▁clubs ▁in ▁Boston ▁Category : W omen ' s ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁teams ▁Category : W omen ' s ▁s occer ▁clubs ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : W omen ' s ▁Premier ▁Soccer ▁League ▁El ite ▁teams ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁R â m î ê l ▁( , ▁, ▁, ▁), ▁or ▁Rem iel , ▁is ▁both ▁a ▁fallen ▁Watch er ▁and ▁an ▁arch angel ▁in ▁the ▁ap oc ry phal ▁Book ▁of ▁En och . ▁ ▁Ram iel ▁means ▁" th under ▁of ▁God " ▁from ▁the ▁Heb rew ▁elements ▁ra ' am ▁and ▁El , ▁" G od ". ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁fallen ▁Watch er ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁ 2 0 ▁leaders ▁in ▁the ▁Book ▁of ▁En och , ▁also ▁called ▁ 1 ▁En och . ▁The ▁section ▁that ▁mentions ▁them ▁reads : ▁▁▁▁ ▁As ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 ▁En och , ▁these ▁are ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 ▁ang els ▁that ▁are ▁turned ▁into ▁fallen ▁Ang els ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁taking ▁w ives , ▁m ating ▁with ▁human ▁women , ▁and ▁teaching ▁forb idden ▁knowledge . ▁One ▁of ▁ 2 0 ▁leaders , ▁Ram iel ▁is ▁mentioned ▁sixth . ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁ang el ▁▁ ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁ 2 ▁Bar uch ▁where ▁he ▁pres ides ▁over ▁true ▁vis ions ▁( 5 5 |
: 3 ) ▁and ▁is ▁listed ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁seven ▁Holy ▁Ang els ▁in ▁ 1 ▁En och ▁ 2 0 : 8 . ▁▁ ▁Ram iel ▁is ▁the ▁arch angel ▁of ▁hope , ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁cred ited ▁with ▁two ▁tasks : ▁he ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁divine ▁vis ions , ▁and ▁he ▁gu ides ▁the ▁sou ls ▁of ▁the ▁faithful ▁into ▁Heaven . ▁He ▁is ▁called ▁Jer em iel ▁or ▁U riel ▁in ▁various ▁transl ations ▁of ▁IV ▁Es d ras , ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁arch angel ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁the ▁arm ies ▁of ▁S enn acher ib , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁being ▁the ▁bear er ▁of ▁the ▁instructions ▁of ▁the ▁seven ▁arch ang els . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ 2 ▁Bar uch ▁Az az el ▁Rem iel ▁( DC ▁Comics ) ▁Rem iel ▁( T ales ▁of ▁Sym ph onia ) ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁The ▁Book ▁Of ▁En och ▁( 1 9 1 7 ) ▁translated ▁by ▁R . ▁H . ▁Charles , ▁introduction ▁by ▁W . ▁O . ▁E . ▁O ester ley ▁▁ ▁The ▁Eth iop ic ▁Book ▁Of ▁En och ▁( 1 9 7 8 ), ▁Kn ib b , ▁Michael ▁A ., ▁Oxford : ▁Clar end on ▁Press , ▁repr . ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁Category : Watch ers ▁( ang els ) ▁Category : Arch ang els ▁Category : Ge ' ez ▁language <0x0A> </s> ▁M ec ate ▁can ▁refer ▁to : ▁M ec ate ▁( |
re in ) ▁M ec ate ▁( band ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Uri ▁is ▁a ▁Swiss ▁Tal schaft ▁and ▁canton ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁Re uss ▁valley . ▁ ▁First ▁mentioned ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁century , ▁it ▁gained ▁strateg ic ▁importance ▁with ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁Got th ard ▁Pass ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁century ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁found ing ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Old ▁Swiss ▁Confeder acy ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁medieval ▁period . ▁ ▁Pre history ▁ ▁The ▁oldest ▁traces ▁of ▁humans ▁in ▁the ▁C anton ▁of ▁Uri ▁are ▁from ▁around ▁ 2 2 0 0 ▁BC ▁and ▁include ▁a ▁quart z ▁production ▁site ▁and ▁fl int ▁arrow head s ▁at ▁H osp ental - R oss pl atten ▁and ▁Got th ard m ätt eli . ▁There ▁are ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁gra ves ▁at ▁Bür g len ▁and ▁possibly ▁also ▁some ▁at ▁Jag dm att ▁that ▁are ▁from ▁ 1 3 0 0 – 9 0 0 ▁BC . ▁The ▁earliest ▁traces ▁of ▁a ▁settlement ▁were ▁discovered ▁at ▁Am st eg ▁and ▁date ▁from ▁the ▁Middle ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁( 1 4 5 0 – 1 2 0 0 ▁BC ). ▁This ▁village ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁a ▁protected ▁valley ▁along ▁a ▁route ▁into ▁the ▁Re uss ▁and ▁was ▁near ▁quart z , ▁co pper ▁and ▁iron ▁depos its . ▁An ▁Iron ▁Age ▁village ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁spot ▁around ▁ 5 0 0 – 4 5 0 ▁BC . ▁Pot tery ▁from ▁the ▁Bron ze ▁and ▁Iron ▁A ges |
▁show ▁that ▁these ▁villages ▁trad ed ▁with ▁surrounding ▁villages ▁and ▁even ▁crossed ▁the ▁al pine ▁passes ▁to ▁trade ▁with ▁Qu into ▁in ▁T ic ino ▁and ▁the ▁al pine ▁Rh ine ▁valley . ▁The ▁large ▁C elt ic ▁tre asure ▁tro ve ▁at ▁Erst feld , ▁now ▁generally ▁interpreted ▁as ▁a ▁vot ive ▁offering ▁to ▁a ▁mountain ▁de ity , ▁indicates ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁large , ▁prosper ous ▁population ▁in ▁central ▁al ps ▁during ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁century ▁BC . ▁ ▁Early ▁history ▁During ▁the ▁Roman ▁era , ▁Uri ▁remained ▁mostly ▁isolated ▁from ▁the ▁Roman ▁Empire . ▁An ▁analysis ▁of ▁the ▁place ▁names ▁along ▁the ▁sh ores ▁of ▁Lake ▁Luc erne ▁show ▁a ▁Gal lo - R oman ▁influence , ▁while ▁in ▁the ▁mountain ▁valle ys ▁Ra et ian ▁names ▁are ▁more ▁common . ▁When ▁the ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁with d rew ▁from ▁the ▁Al ps , ▁the ▁lake ▁side ▁villages ▁looked ▁north ▁to ▁the ▁towns ▁along ▁the ▁lake ▁for ▁support , ▁while ▁the ▁al pine ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁valley ▁called ▁Ur ser en ▁band ed ▁together . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 7 th ▁century , ▁A lem ann ic ▁German ▁speaking ▁sett lers ▁from ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁the ▁Fran ks ▁began ▁to ▁move ▁into ▁the ▁narrow ▁pla ins ▁around ▁the ▁southern ▁end ▁of ▁Lake ▁Luc erne . ▁In ▁a ▁process ▁that ▁took ▁about ▁three ▁centuries ▁they ▁spread ▁into ▁the ▁al pine ▁valle ys . ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁place ▁names ▁with ▁either ▁German ▁or ▁Latin ▁roots ▁next ▁to ▁each ▁other ▁indicates ▁that |
▁this ▁migration ▁was ▁generally ▁peace ful . ▁The ▁A lem anni ▁grave ▁at ▁the ▁church ▁of ▁St . ▁Martin ▁in ▁Al td orf ▁( 6 6 0 – 6 8 0 ) ▁shows ▁the ▁political ▁and ▁religious ▁leadership ▁roll ▁that ▁the ▁A lem anni ▁had ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁Re uss ▁valley . ▁ ▁Uri ▁is ▁first ▁mentioned ▁in ▁ 7 3 2 ▁as ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁ban ishment ▁of ▁E to , ▁the ▁ab bot ▁of ▁Reich en au , ▁by ▁the ▁du ke ▁of ▁Al am ann ia . ▁In ▁ 8 5 3 ▁it ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁n unn ery ▁at ▁Zürich ▁by ▁Louis ▁the ▁German , ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁founded ▁for ▁his ▁daughter ▁H ilde g ard . ▁It ▁is ▁unclear ▁whether ▁the ▁gift ▁included ▁the ▁entire ▁Re uss ▁valley ▁or ▁just ▁certain ▁settlement s . ▁The ▁abb ess ▁appointed ▁a ▁v og t ▁to ▁manage ▁the ▁lands , ▁but ▁ruled ▁the ▁lands ▁with ▁a ▁light ▁hand . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁surrounding ▁villages ▁became ▁ten ants ▁of ▁the ▁ab bey ▁or ▁obtained ▁similar ▁privileges . ▁Under ▁the ▁abb ess , ▁the ▁villages ▁of ▁the ▁valley ▁began ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁sort ▁of ▁local ▁government . ▁ ▁In ▁contrast , ▁the ▁Ur ser en ▁remained ▁more ▁isolated , ▁though ▁they ▁had ▁some ▁connections ▁to ▁the ▁Le vent ina ▁valley . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁Ur ser en ▁were ▁settled ▁by ▁Dis ent is ▁Ab bey ▁and ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Ch ur . ▁By ▁the ▁ |
1 0 th ▁century , ▁there ▁were ▁settlement s ▁of ▁Rom ans h ▁speak ers ▁from ▁Dis ent is ▁in ▁the ▁high ▁valle ys . ▁ ▁Between ▁approximately ▁ 9 2 0 ▁and ▁ 9 7 6 ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Sw ab ia ▁was ▁the ▁v og t ▁under ▁the ▁abb ess ▁in ▁Zur ich . ▁They ▁were ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁L enz burg s ▁from ▁ 9 7 6 ▁to ▁ 1 1 7 3 ▁and ▁then ▁the ▁Z ähr ing ens . ▁In ▁ 1 2 1 8 , ▁the ▁Z ähr ing ens ▁died ▁out , ▁and ▁the ▁b ail i wick ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁H abs burg s . ▁According ▁to ▁A eg id ius ▁Tsch udi ' s ▁history , ▁in ▁ 1 2 3 1 ▁King ▁Henry ▁of ▁Germany , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Emperor ▁Frederick ▁II , ▁bought ▁Uri ▁from ▁the ▁H abs burg s ▁and ▁granted ▁it ▁imperial ▁imm edia cy . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁century , ▁the ▁St . ▁Got th ard ▁Pass ▁opened , ▁which ▁brought ▁ever ▁increasing ▁trade ▁and ▁wealth ▁to ▁Uri . ▁With ▁the ▁growing ▁wealth , ▁the ▁towns ▁and ▁villages ▁along ▁the ▁Got th ard ▁route ▁became ▁increasing ▁independent . ▁As ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 2 4 3 ▁Uri ▁had ▁a ▁district ▁se al , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 2 7 4 , ▁Rud olph ▁of ▁H abs burg , ▁who ▁was ▁now ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor , ▁confirmed ▁its ▁historic ▁privileges . ▁ ▁In ▁Ur ser |
en , ▁Dis ent is ▁Ab bey ▁appointed ▁a ▁v og t , ▁though ▁in ▁ 1 2 3 9 – 4 0 ▁Emperor ▁Frederick ▁II ▁changed ▁the ▁v og t ' s ▁office ▁into ▁a ▁sec ular , ▁imperial ▁office . ▁He ▁appointed ▁Count ▁Rudolf ▁of ▁R app ers w il ▁as ▁his ▁v og t . ▁When ▁the ▁R app ers w il ▁male ▁line ▁died ▁out ▁in ▁ 1 2 8 3 ▁the ▁v og t ▁office ▁in ▁Ur ser en ▁also ▁fell ▁to ▁the ▁H abs burg s . ▁ ▁Old ▁Swiss ▁Confeder acy ▁ ▁Form ation ▁of ▁the ▁Confeder acy ▁ ▁A ▁treat y ▁of ▁mut ual ▁recognition ▁and ▁assistance ▁with ▁Schw yz , ▁possibly ▁concluded ▁in ▁ 1 2 9 1 ▁and ▁certainly ▁by ▁ 1 3 0 9 , ▁would ▁come ▁to ▁be ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁found ational ▁act ▁of ▁the ▁Old ▁Swiss ▁Confeder acy ▁or ▁E id gen oss enschaft . ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁M org arten ▁in ▁ 1 3 1 5 , ▁while ▁of ▁limited ▁strateg ic ▁importance , ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁instance ▁of ▁the ▁Con fer er ates ▁defe ating ▁the ▁H abs burg s ▁in ▁the ▁field . ▁ ▁A ▁few ▁months ▁after ▁the ▁victory ▁at ▁M org arten , ▁the ▁three ▁Forest ▁Cant ons ▁met ▁at ▁Brun nen ▁to ▁re aff irm ▁their ▁al liance ▁in ▁the ▁P act ▁of ▁Brun nen . ▁Over ▁the ▁following ▁dec ades , ▁the ▁Confeder acy ▁expanded ▁into ▁the ▁A cht ▁Or te , |
▁now ▁representing ▁a ▁regional ▁power ▁with ▁the ▁potential ▁to ▁challenge ▁H abs burg ▁h eg em ony . ▁The ▁Confeder acy ▁decis ively ▁defeated ▁H abs burg ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁S emp ach ▁ 1 3 8 6 , ▁opening ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁further ▁territorial ▁expansion . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁traditional ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁E ternal ▁Alliance , ▁the ▁H abs burg s ▁had ▁appointed ▁a ▁ty ran n ical ▁v og t ▁named ▁Al bre cht ▁G ess ler ▁to ▁rule ▁over ▁Uri ▁from ▁his ▁castle ▁in ▁Al td orf . ▁According ▁to ▁Tsch udi ' s ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁events ▁( record ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century ) ▁G ess ler ▁raised ▁a ▁pole ▁in ▁the ▁village ' s ▁central ▁square , ▁hung ▁his ▁hat ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁it , ▁and ▁demanded ▁that ▁all ▁the ▁towns folk ▁bow ▁before ▁the ▁hat . ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 1 3 0 7 , ▁William ▁Tell ▁visited ▁Al td orf ▁with ▁his ▁young ▁son ▁and ▁passed ▁by ▁G ess ler ' s ▁hat , ▁public ly ▁ref using ▁to ▁bow ▁to ▁it , ▁and ▁so ▁was ▁arrested . ▁G ess ler ▁– ▁intr igu ed ▁by ▁Tell ' s ▁f amed ▁mark sm ans hip , ▁yet ▁res ent ful ▁of ▁his ▁def iance ▁– ▁de vised ▁a ▁cruel ▁pun ishment : ▁Tell ▁and ▁his ▁son ▁would ▁be ▁executed , ▁but ▁he ▁could ▁re de em ▁his ▁life ▁by ▁shooting ▁an ▁apple ▁off ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁his ▁son |
, ▁Walter , ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁attempt . ▁Tell ▁split ▁the ▁apple ▁with ▁a ▁b olt ▁from ▁his ▁cross bow . ▁However , ▁G ess ler ▁noticed ▁that ▁Tell ▁had ▁drawn ▁two ▁bol ts ▁and ▁discovered ▁that ▁Tell ▁had ▁planned ▁to ▁kill ▁him ▁if ▁the ▁first ▁b olt ▁had ▁killed ▁Tell ' s ▁son . ▁G ess ler ▁took ▁Tell ▁capt ive , ▁but ▁Tell ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁escape . ▁Tell ▁then ▁ran ▁cross - country ▁to ▁K üss n acht ▁where ▁he ▁assass in ated ▁G ess ler ▁with ▁the ▁second ▁cross bow ▁b olt . ▁Tell ' s ▁assass ination ▁spark ed ▁a ▁re bell ion , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁R üt l isch w ur , ▁a ▁further ▁al liance ▁between ▁Uri , ▁Schw yz ▁and ▁Unter wal den . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁historic ity ▁of ▁William ▁Tell ▁and ▁specific ▁events ▁are ▁question ed ▁by ▁modern ▁histor ians , ▁the ▁cant ons ▁around ▁Lake ▁Luc erne ▁and ▁other ▁nearby ▁la kes ▁had ▁a ▁long ▁history ▁of ▁al li ances . ▁For ▁example , ▁in ▁ 1 2 9 1 , ▁Uri , ▁Schw yz ▁and ▁Zürich ▁entered ▁into ▁a ▁three - year ▁def ensive ▁al liance . ▁In ▁ 1 3 0 9 , ▁Emperor ▁Henry ▁VII ▁combined ▁Uri , ▁Schw yz ▁and ▁Unter wal den ▁into ▁the ▁Wald st ätte ▁or ▁Forest ▁Cant ons . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 3 1 4 , ▁Duke ▁Louis ▁IV ▁of ▁Bav aria ▁( who ▁would ▁become ▁Louis ▁IV , ▁Holy ▁Roman |
▁Emperor ) ▁and ▁Frederick ▁the ▁H ands ome , ▁a ▁H abs burg ▁prince , ▁each ▁claimed ▁the ▁crown ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor . ▁The ▁Confeder ates ▁supported ▁Louis ▁IV ▁because ▁they ▁fe ared ▁the ▁H abs burg s ▁would ▁an nex ▁their ▁countries ▁as ▁H abs burg ▁property — ▁as ▁they ▁already ▁had ▁tried ▁to ▁do ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 3 th ▁century . ▁ ▁War ▁broke ▁out ▁over ▁a ▁dispute ▁between ▁the ▁Confeder ates ▁of ▁Schw yz ▁and ▁the ▁H abs burg - protected ▁monaster y ▁of ▁Eins ied eln ▁regarding ▁some ▁past ures , ▁and ▁eventually ▁the ▁Confeder ates ▁of ▁Schw yz ▁conducted ▁a ▁ra id ▁on ▁the ▁monaster y . ▁The ▁H abs burg ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁ra id , ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁M org arten ▁in ▁ 1 3 1 5 ▁where ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁army , ▁including ▁some ▁troops ▁from ▁Uri , ▁destroyed ▁the ▁H abs burg ▁army . ▁A ▁few ▁months ▁after ▁the ▁victory ▁at ▁M org arten , ▁the ▁three ▁Forest ▁Cant ons ▁met ▁at ▁Brun nen ▁to ▁re aff irm ▁their ▁al liance ▁in ▁the ▁P act ▁of ▁Brun nen . ▁In ▁the ▁following ▁forty ▁years , ▁the ▁al liance ▁expanded ▁as ▁other ▁cant ons ▁( L uc erne ▁in ▁ 1 3 3 2 ▁and ▁Zürich ▁in ▁ 1 3 5 1 , ▁G lar us ▁and ▁Zug ▁in ▁ 1 3 5 2 ▁and ▁Bern ▁in ▁ 1 3 5 3 ) ▁joined ▁the ▁al liance . |
▁ ▁In ▁ 1 3 8 6 ▁Uri ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁S emp ach . ▁Following ▁the ▁victory ▁at ▁S emp ach , ▁Uri ▁began ▁a ▁program ▁of ▁territorial ▁expansion ▁to ▁allow ▁them ▁to ▁control ▁the ▁entire ▁Got th ard ▁route . ▁As ▁a ▁first ▁step , ▁Uri ▁an nex ed ▁the ▁lands ▁of ▁Ur ser en ▁in ▁ 1 4 1 0 . ▁The ▁Ur ser en ▁was ▁allowed ▁to ▁retain ▁its ▁own ▁mayor ▁and ▁assembly , ▁and ▁its ▁own ▁courts ▁under ▁those ▁of ▁Uri . ▁It ▁was ▁not ▁fully ▁incorpor ated ▁till ▁ 1 8 8 8 . ▁In ▁ 1 4 0 3 , ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁Ob wal den , ▁it ▁won ▁the ▁Le vent ina ▁valley ▁from ▁the ▁du ke ▁of ▁Milan , ▁but ▁lost ▁it ▁in ▁ 1 4 2 2 . ▁Though ▁in ▁ 1 4 4 0 ▁Uri ▁alone ▁recon quer ed ▁it ▁and ▁kept ▁it ▁until ▁ 1 7 9 8 . ▁Between ▁ 1 4 1 0 ▁and ▁ 1 4 1 8 , ▁Uri ▁occupied ▁the ▁Val ▁d ' ▁O ss ola ▁in ▁Italy . ▁In ▁ 1 4 1 9 , ▁with ▁Ob wal den , ▁Uri ▁conquer ed ▁Bell in z ona , ▁but ▁lost ▁it ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ar bed o ▁in ▁ 1 4 2 2 . ▁In ▁ 1 4 7 8 , ▁Uri ▁march ed ▁into ▁the ▁Le vent ina ▁valley , ▁south ▁of |
▁the ▁Got th ard ▁pass . ▁The ▁citizens ▁of ▁the ▁valley ▁wel com ed ▁Uri ' s ▁troops ▁as ▁liber ators ▁from ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Milan . ▁They ▁then ▁attempted ▁to ▁bes ie ge ▁Bell in z ona , ▁but ▁gave ▁up ▁after ▁ 1 4 ▁days , ▁when ▁the ▁Duke ▁sent ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁troops ▁to ▁drive ▁them ▁out . ▁About ▁ 6 0 0 ▁men ▁of ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁rear ▁guard ▁defeated ▁the ▁Milan ese ▁army ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Gi orn ico ▁and ▁drove ▁Milan ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁Le vent ina ▁valley ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁take ▁Bell in z ona . ▁In ▁ 1 5 0 0 , ▁with ▁Schw yz ▁and ▁N id wal den , ▁it ▁captured ▁Bell in z ona ▁again ▁and ▁held ▁it ▁until ▁ 1 7 9 8 . ▁By ▁ 1 5 0 3 , ▁Uri , ▁N id wal den ▁and ▁Schw yz ▁joint ly ▁controlled ▁the ▁b ail i wick s ▁of ▁B len io , ▁Bell in z ona ▁and ▁Riv iera . ▁In ▁ 1 5 1 2 ▁Uri ▁shared ▁in ▁the ▁con quest ▁of ▁L ug ano ▁with ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁Confeder ation . ▁T ogether ▁with ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁Confeder ation , ▁Uri ▁shared ▁in ▁the ▁con quest ▁and ▁rule ▁over ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁subject ▁territ ories ▁under ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁several ▁cant ons ▁including ; ▁ 1 4 1 5 – 1 7 1 2 ▁Baden , ▁ 1 4 6 |
0 – 1 7 9 8 ▁Th urg au , ▁ 1 4 8 2 – 1 7 9 8 ▁S arg ans , ▁ 1 4 9 1 – 1 7 9 8 ▁R he int al , ▁ 1 5 1 2 – 1 7 9 8 ▁Loc ar no , ▁the ▁Mag gia ▁valley , ▁L ug ano ▁and ▁M end ris io ▁and ▁ 1 5 3 2 – 1 7 1 2 ▁the ▁Fre iam t ▁including ▁the ▁Upper ▁Fre iam t ▁between ▁ 1 7 1 2 – 9 8 . ▁ ▁Re formation ▁and ▁early ▁modern ▁era ▁ ▁The ▁region ▁resist ed ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁Re formation ▁and ▁remained ▁Roman ▁Catholic . ▁In ▁ 1 5 2 4 – 2 5 ▁the ▁Land am mann ▁Ber old ingen ▁of ▁Jos ue ▁asked ▁the ▁cant onal ▁scri be ▁Val entin ▁Compar ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁po lem ic ▁against ▁the ▁reform er ▁H uld ry ch ▁Zw ing li , ▁which ▁was ▁read ▁to ▁the ▁cant onal ▁con gress ▁and ▁approved . ▁As ▁the ▁Re formation ▁spread ▁through ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Confeder ation , ▁the ▁five ▁central , ▁c atholic ▁cant ons ▁felt ▁increasing ly ▁isolated ▁and ▁they ▁began ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁al lies . ▁After ▁two ▁months ▁of ▁negoti ations , ▁the ▁Five ▁Cant ons ▁formed ▁die ▁Christ liche ▁Verein igung ▁( the ▁Christian ▁Alliance ) ▁with ▁Ferdinand ▁of ▁Austria ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁ 1 5 2 9 . ▁T ensions ▁continued ▁to ▁rise ▁between ▁the |
▁Protest ant ▁and ▁Catholic ▁cant ons . ▁After ▁numerous ▁minor ▁inc idents ▁and ▁provoc ations ▁from ▁both ▁sides , ▁a ▁Catholic ▁priest ▁was ▁executed ▁in ▁the ▁Th urg au ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 5 2 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁past or ▁J . ▁Key ser ▁was ▁burn ed ▁at ▁the ▁st ake ▁in ▁Schw yz ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 9 . ▁The ▁last ▁st raw ▁was ▁the ▁installation ▁of ▁a ▁Catholic ▁re e ve ▁at ▁Baden , ▁and ▁Zürich ▁declared ▁war ▁on ▁ 8 ▁June , ▁occupied ▁the ▁Th urg au ▁and ▁the ▁territ ories ▁of ▁the ▁Ab bey ▁of ▁St . ▁Gall ▁and ▁march ed ▁to ▁K app el ▁at ▁the ▁border ▁to ▁Zug . ▁ ▁By ▁med iation ▁of ▁the ▁Federal ▁Tags atz ung , ▁blood sh ed ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁First ▁War ▁of ▁K app el ▁was ▁bare ly ▁avoided . ▁The ▁peace ▁agreement ▁( Er ster ▁Land fried e ) ▁was ▁not ▁exactly ▁fav ou rable ▁for ▁the ▁Catholic ▁party , ▁who ▁had ▁to ▁dissol ve ▁its ▁al liance ▁with ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁H abs burg s . ▁The ▁Protest ant ▁cant ons ▁also ▁demanded ▁that ▁the ▁c atholic ▁cant ons ▁allow ▁Protest ant ▁pre ach ers ▁into ▁them , ▁and ▁im posed ▁a ▁trade ▁embargo ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁force ▁them ▁to ▁agree . ▁In ▁late ▁September ▁ 1 5 3 1 , ▁about ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁soldiers ▁from ▁the ▁Five ▁Cant ons ▁( including ▁Uri ) ▁march ed ▁against |
▁Zur ich ▁and ▁Zw ing li ▁to ▁lift ▁this ▁embargo . ▁When ▁they ▁met ▁Zw ing li ' s ▁forces ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁October ▁ 1 5 3 1 ▁at ▁the ▁Second ▁War ▁of ▁K app el , ▁the ▁c atholic ▁forces ▁were ▁vict orious ▁and ▁Zw ing li ▁was ▁killed . ▁The ▁peace ▁treat y ▁after ▁the ▁Second ▁War ▁of ▁K app el ▁established ▁that ▁each ▁canton ▁could ▁choose ▁which ▁religion ▁to ▁follow , ▁and ▁Uri ▁remained ▁Catholic . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁early ▁modern ▁era , ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁Uri ▁increased ▁slowly . ▁The ▁limited ▁a rable ▁land ▁in ▁mountain ▁valle ys , ▁disease ▁and ▁c rop ▁fail ures ▁all ▁reduced ▁population ▁growth . ▁The ▁pl ague ▁broke ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁canton ▁in ▁ 1 3 4 8 – 4 9 , ▁ 1 5 1 7 – 1 8 , ▁ 1 5 7 4 – 7 5 ▁and ▁ 1 6 2 9 . ▁In ▁ 1 7 4 2 – 4 3 ▁and ▁again ▁ 1 7 7 0 – 7 1 , ▁c rop ▁fail ures ▁combined ▁with ▁cattle ▁dise ases ▁led ▁to ▁star v ation ▁and ▁mass ▁em igration . ▁The ▁consequences ▁for ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁severe , ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 3 ▁Uri ▁had ▁ 9 , 8 2 8 ▁inhabitants , ▁but ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁Century ▁there ▁were ▁only ▁ 9 , 4 6 4 ▁people . ▁ ▁Modern ▁history ▁ ▁Napole onic ▁period ▁ ▁The ▁government |
▁of ▁Uri ▁spoke ▁out ▁against ▁the ▁ide als ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ▁and ▁opposed ▁any ▁attempt ▁to ▁inst itute ▁changes ▁in ▁Switzerland . ▁In ▁ 1 7 9 7 , ▁pro - re volution ary ▁propag anda ▁from ▁France ▁was ▁intercept ed ▁and ▁burn ed ▁in ▁Uri . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 7 9 8 , ▁French ▁revolution ary ▁forces ▁inv aded ▁Switzerland . ▁On ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 1 7 9 8 , ▁Uri ▁sent ▁troops ▁to ▁support ▁Bern ▁against ▁the ▁inv aders . ▁However , ▁in ▁early ▁March ▁it ▁ad vised ▁the ▁Bern ese ▁authorities ▁to ▁make ▁con cess ions ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁government . ▁Then ▁on ▁ 4 ▁and ▁ 5 ▁March , ▁Uri ' s ▁troops ▁refused ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁battle ▁and ▁instead ▁with d rew . ▁At ▁the ▁conference ▁in ▁Brun nen ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁March ▁Uri , ▁Schw yz , ▁N id wal den , ▁G lar us ▁and ▁Zug ▁decided ▁to ▁negoti ate ▁a ▁separate ▁peace ▁with ▁General ▁Guillaume ▁Br une . ▁In ▁prepar ation ▁for ▁these ▁tal ks ▁the ▁council ▁dissol ved ▁their ▁prote ctor ate ▁over ▁the ▁Le vent ina ▁valley ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁March . ▁In ▁the ▁following ▁days , ▁the ▁negoti ations ▁fell ▁through ▁because ▁the ▁French ▁ins isted ▁on ▁creating ▁an ▁ind iv is ible ▁Swiss ▁republic . ▁On ▁ 1 1 ▁April ▁the ▁vict orious ▁French ▁announced ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁Hel vet ic ▁Republic ▁and ▁gave ▁the ▁cant ons ▁twelve ▁days ▁to ▁accept ▁the ▁new ▁constitution |
. ▁On ▁ 2 0 ▁April , ▁the ▁council ▁voted ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁traditional ▁constitution ▁and ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁reb elli ous ▁cant ons ▁of ▁Schw yz , ▁N id wal den , ▁G lar us ▁and ▁Zug . ▁The ▁u pr ising ▁was ▁quickly ▁suppress ed ▁and ▁on ▁ 5 ▁May ▁Uri ▁agreed ▁to ▁accept ▁the ▁Hel vet ic ▁Republic . ▁The ▁cant onal ▁army ▁was ▁dis ar med ▁in ▁September ▁and ▁the ▁canton ▁was ▁occupied ▁by ▁French ▁troops ▁in ▁October . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Hel vet ic ▁Republic , ▁Uri ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁C anton ▁of ▁Wald st ätten , ▁along ▁with ▁Zug , ▁Ob wal den , ▁N id wal den ▁and ▁the ▁inner ▁port ions ▁of ▁Schw yz . ▁The ▁Le vent ina ▁valley ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁C anton ▁of ▁T ic ino , ▁which ▁stri pped ▁Uri ▁of ▁its ▁lands ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁Got th ard ▁pass . ▁Uri ▁was ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁districts , ▁And erm att ▁and ▁Al td orf . ▁The ▁government ▁of ▁And erm att ▁district ▁supported ▁the ▁new , ▁liberal ▁constitution , ▁while ▁the ▁government ▁and ▁people ▁of ▁Al td orf ▁district ▁opposed ▁it . ▁In ▁April ▁and ▁May ▁ 1 7 9 9 , ▁Franz ▁V inc enz ▁Sch mid ▁led ▁an ▁u pr ising ▁against ▁the ▁occup ying ▁French ▁army . ▁This ▁revol t , ▁which ▁gained ▁support ▁from ▁the ▁Le vent ina ▁and ▁Val ais ▁valle ys , ▁failed ▁because ▁they ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁coordinate ▁simultane ous ▁u |
pr is ings ▁in ▁the ▁other ▁al pine ▁cant ons . ▁After ▁the ▁u pr ising ▁was ▁put ▁down , ▁the ▁vict orious ▁General ▁Nicolas ▁Jean - de - D ieu ▁Sou lt ▁granted ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁Uri ▁cle men cy ▁for ▁the ▁re bell ion . ▁ ▁From ▁June ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁September ▁ 1 7 9 9 , ▁troops ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Co al ition ▁fought ▁the ▁French ▁in ▁Uri . ▁In ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁u pr ising , ▁Aust rian ▁troops ▁inv aded ▁the ▁Ur ser en ▁and ▁Re uss ▁Valle ys ▁in ▁late ▁May ▁and ▁early ▁June . ▁The ▁Aust ri ans , ▁together ▁with ▁a ▁Cap uch in ▁fri ar ▁named ▁Paul ▁St y ger , ▁attempted ▁to ▁restore ▁the ▁old ▁cant onal ▁government . ▁However , ▁in ▁August ▁the ▁French ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁war ▁began ▁to ▁improve . ▁With ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁general ▁Alexander ▁K ors akov ▁at ▁the ▁Second ▁Battle ▁of ▁Zur ich , ▁the ▁only ▁other ▁Co al ition ▁army , ▁under ▁Alexander ▁Su vor ov , ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁retre at ▁out ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁though ▁the ▁al ps ▁in ▁winter , ▁a ▁fe at ▁un he ard ▁of ▁since ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁Hann ib al . ▁While ▁he ▁is ▁considered ▁a ▁folk ▁hero ▁in ▁Switzerland , < ref ▁name =" B Z ▁ 2 0 0 9 "> {{ cite ▁news | url = http :// www . ber ner zeit ung . ch / sch we iz / standard / |
W ie - ein - r uss ischer - General - z um - sch we izer ischen - Vol k sh el den - w ur de / story / 2 3 9 7 8 4 6 5 | title = W ie ▁ein ▁russ ischer ▁General ▁zum ▁sch we izer ischen ▁Volk sh el den ▁wurde ▁(' How ▁A ▁Russian ▁General ▁B ec ame ▁A ▁Swiss ▁Fol k ▁Hero )| last = N uss ba umer | first = H annes | work = B erner ▁Zeitung | language = G erman | access date = 1 9 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 }} </ ref > ▁his ▁army ▁stri pped ▁the ▁villages ▁of ▁Uri ▁bare ▁of ▁food ▁and ▁cattle . ▁The ▁damage ▁from ▁fighting , ▁Su vor ov ' s ▁retre at ▁and ▁other ▁dis aster s ▁( including ▁a ▁fire ▁that ▁destroyed ▁much ▁of ▁Al td orf ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 9 ) ▁caused ▁a ▁fam ine ▁in ▁Uri . ▁Although ▁the ▁government ▁commission er , ▁Heinrich ▁Z sch ok ke , ▁organized ▁a ▁relief ▁effort ▁to ▁prevent ▁star v ation , ▁it ▁took ▁years ▁for ▁Uri ▁to ▁repair ▁the ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁villages ▁and ▁towns . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 8 0 1 , ▁a ▁new ▁government ▁came ▁to ▁power ▁in ▁the ▁Hel vet ic ▁Republic ▁and ▁in ▁early ▁November ▁the ▁C anton ▁of ▁Wald st ätten ▁was ▁dissol ved ▁and ▁Uri ▁became ▁a ▁canton ▁again . ▁The ▁governor , ▁Josef ▁Anton ▁von ▁Ber old |
ingen , ▁attempted ▁un success fully ▁to ▁bring ▁the ▁Le vent ina ▁valley ▁back ▁into ▁Uri . ▁Half ▁a ▁year ▁later , ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁April ▁ 1 8 0 2 , ▁the ▁Un itar ian ▁party ▁took ▁power ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁Republic ▁and ▁re vised ▁the ▁constitution ▁once ▁again . ▁In ▁early ▁June , ▁Uri ▁rejected ▁the ▁new est ▁constitution ▁while ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁French ▁troops ▁with d rew ▁from ▁Switzerland . ▁Without ▁the ▁French ▁army ▁to ▁suppress ▁them , ▁Uri ▁and ▁other ▁rural ▁populations ▁successfully ▁re bel led ▁against ▁the ▁government ▁in ▁the ▁Ste ck lik rie g . ▁In ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁collapse ▁of ▁the ▁Hel vet ic ▁Republic , ▁Napoleon ▁issued ▁the ▁Act ▁of ▁Med iation ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 3 . ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Act ▁of ▁Med iation , ▁Uri ▁reg ained ▁its ▁independence ▁and ▁all ▁attempts ▁towards ▁religious ▁or ▁constitution al ▁reform ▁were ▁resist ed . ▁ ▁Tow ard ▁the ▁federal ▁state ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁invasion ▁of ▁the ▁Six th ▁Co al ition ▁into ▁Switzerland ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁December ▁ 1 8 1 3 , ▁the ▁Act ▁of ▁Med iation ▁lost ▁its ▁power . ▁While ▁the ▁neighbour ing ▁cant ons ▁of ▁Schw yz ▁and ▁N id wal den ▁wanted ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁organization ▁of ▁the ▁Old ▁Swiss ▁Confeder ation , ▁Uri ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Zur ich - led ▁party , ▁which ▁sought ▁to ▁re organ ize ▁the ▁ 1 9 ▁cant ons ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁Act . ▁Uri ▁also ▁attempted |
, ▁un success ful , ▁to ▁rein cor por ate ▁the ▁Le vent ina ▁valley , ▁but ▁was ▁only ▁able ▁to ▁receive ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁one - half ▁of ▁the ▁tax es ▁on ▁all ▁trade ▁over ▁Monte ▁Pi ott ino ▁into ▁the ▁Le vent ina . ▁On ▁ 5 ▁May ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁the ▁Land sg emeinde ▁approved ▁the ▁federal ▁constitution . ▁Uri ▁then ▁medi ated ▁between ▁the ▁Tags atz ung ▁and ▁N id wal den , ▁which ▁had ▁refused ▁to ▁recognize ▁the ▁treat y . ▁ ▁Uri ▁remained ▁without ▁an ▁official ▁constitution ▁until ▁ 1 8 2 0 . ▁The ▁document ▁included ▁only ▁six ▁principles ▁that ▁were ▁based ▁on ▁traditional ▁practice ▁and ▁existing ▁state ▁laws . ▁The ▁government ▁remained ▁deeply ▁conserv ative ▁during ▁the ▁Rest oration ▁period . ▁Dis content ▁with ▁the ▁cant onal ▁government ▁collected ▁until ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁when ▁a ▁reform ▁party ▁demanded ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁liberal ▁constitution al ▁changes . ▁The ▁Land sg emeinde , ▁however , ▁rejected ▁these ▁calls ▁for ▁reform . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 8 4 0 s , ▁urban , ▁Protest ant ▁liber als ▁gained ▁the ▁majority ▁in ▁the ▁Tags atz ung ▁and ▁proposed ▁a ▁new ▁constitution . ▁To ▁protect ▁their ▁traditional ▁religion ▁and ▁power ▁structure , ▁the ▁seven ▁conserv ative , ▁c atholic ▁cant ons ▁formed ▁a ▁separate ▁al liance ▁or ▁Son der bund ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 3 . ▁In ▁ 1 8 4 7 , ▁the ▁Son der bund ▁broke ▁with ▁the ▁Federal ▁Government ▁and ▁the ▁Son |
der bund ▁War ▁broke ▁out . ▁During ▁the ▁conflict , ▁Uri ▁sent ▁troops ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁fighting ▁along ▁the ▁Re uss - Em me ▁def ensive ▁line ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁on ▁the ▁for ay ▁over ▁the ▁Got th ard ▁into ▁T ic ino . ▁After ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁Son der bund ▁troops ▁in ▁G is ikon ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁November ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁Uri ▁with d rew ▁from ▁the ▁al liance ▁and ▁surrender ed ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁November ▁ 1 8 4 7 . ▁Two ▁days ▁later ▁federal ▁troops ▁moved ▁into ▁Uri . ▁ ▁Within ▁modern ▁Switzerland ▁After ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁Son der bund , ▁Uri ▁supported ▁the ▁new ▁Swiss ▁Federal ▁Constitution . ▁They ▁established ▁a ▁cant onal ▁constitution ▁that ▁included ▁some ▁liberal ▁changes ▁including ; ▁the ▁abol ition ▁of ▁lifetime ▁al der man ▁positions , ▁elimin ating ▁the ▁priv y ▁council ▁and ▁secret ▁council ▁meet ings ▁and ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁prov is ional ▁executive ▁council . ▁The ▁Land sg emeinde ▁was ▁the ▁supre me ▁so ver eign ▁power . ▁The ▁Cant onal ▁Council , ▁which ▁included ▁the ▁pres iding ▁government ▁coun c ils ▁and ▁the ▁Cant onal ▁Court ▁President , ▁and ▁the ▁eleven - member ▁Executive ▁Council ▁formed ▁the ▁legisl ative ▁and ▁executive ▁branches . ▁E cc les iast ical ▁and ▁school ▁matters ▁were ▁under ▁the ▁Dioc es an ▁and ▁Education ▁Comm itte es . ▁The ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁continued ▁to ▁enjoy ▁privileges , ▁but ▁freedom ▁of ▁worship ▁was ▁now ▁available ▁for ▁other ▁faith |
s . ▁The ▁overall ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁remained ▁cum bers ome , ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁numerous ▁comm issions ▁and ▁the ▁poor ▁separation ▁of ▁powers . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁Federal ▁Constitution ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 4 , ▁which ▁was ▁rejected ▁by ▁the ▁vot ers ▁of ▁Uri , ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁total ▁revision ▁of ▁the ▁cant onal ▁constitution ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 8 . ▁The ▁new ▁constitution ▁stream lined ▁the ▁government ▁and ▁addressed ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁issues ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁cant onal ▁constitution . ▁The ▁Land sg emeinde '' ▁continued ▁to ▁meet ▁on ▁a ▁local ▁level ▁until ▁the ▁last ▁one ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁B öt z lingen ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Sch att dorf ▁on ▁ 6 ▁May ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁The ▁Christian ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁( CV P ) ▁and ▁the ▁Free ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁( F DP ) ▁have ▁domin ated ▁politics ▁in ▁Uri ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : C anton ▁of ▁Uri ▁Uri <0x0A> </s> ▁Moon ▁Bay ▁is ▁a ▁bay ▁ ▁wide ▁which ▁re cedes ▁ ▁between ▁Edinburgh ▁Hill ▁and ▁Ren ier ▁Point , ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁Living ston ▁Island , ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Sh et land ▁Islands ▁off ▁Ant arct ica . ▁The ▁gla ci ers ▁S op ot ▁Ice ▁P ied mont , ▁I sk ar , ▁Hur on , ▁Str uma , ▁Kal iak ra , ▁Pan ega ▁and ▁Deb elt ▁feed ▁the ▁bay . ▁ ▁The ▁bay ▁was ▁known ▁to |
▁se al ers ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 8 2 1 . ▁It ▁was ▁re chart ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁by ▁Disc overy ▁Investig ations ▁personnel ▁on ▁the ▁Disc overy ▁II , ▁and ▁probably ▁named ▁by ▁them ▁for ▁nearby ▁Half ▁Moon ▁Island , ▁which ▁lies ▁in ▁the ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁bay . ▁ ▁Maps ▁ ▁South ▁Sh et land ▁Islands . ▁Sc ale ▁ 1 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 ▁top ographic ▁map . ▁D OS ▁ 6 1 0 ▁She et ▁W ▁ 6 2 ▁ 6 0 . ▁Tol worth , ▁UK , ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁South ▁Sh et land ▁Islands . ▁Sc ale ▁ 1 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 ▁top ographic ▁map . ▁D OS ▁ 6 1 0 ▁She et ▁W ▁ 6 2 ▁ 5 8 . ▁Tol worth , ▁UK , ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁Is las ▁Living ston ▁y ▁De cep ción . ▁ ▁Map a ▁top ográ fico ▁a ▁es cala ▁ 1 : 1 0 0 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Madrid : ▁Serv icio ▁Ge ográ fico ▁del ▁Ej ército , ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁L . L . ▁Ivan ov ▁et ▁al . ▁Ant arct ica : ▁Living ston ▁Island ▁and ▁Green wich ▁Island , ▁South ▁Sh et land ▁Islands . ▁Sc ale ▁ 1 : 1 0 0 0 0 0 ▁top ographic ▁map . ▁Sof ia : ▁Ant ar |
ctic ▁Place - names ▁Commission ▁of ▁Bulg aria , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁L . L . ▁Ivan ov . ▁Ant arct ica : ▁Living ston ▁Island ▁and ▁Green wich , ▁Robert , ▁Snow ▁and ▁Smith ▁Islands . ▁Sc ale ▁ 1 : 1 2 0 0 0 0 ▁top ographic ▁map . ▁ ▁T roy an : ▁Man fred ▁W ör ner ▁Foundation , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁▁▁ ▁Ant ar ctic ▁Digital ▁Database ▁( ADD ). ▁Sc ale ▁ 1 : 2 5 0 0 0 0 ▁top ographic ▁map ▁of ▁Ant arct ica . ▁Scient ific ▁Committee ▁on ▁Ant ar ctic ▁Research ▁( SC AR ), ▁ 1 9 9 3 – 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁SC AR ▁Compos ite ▁Gazette er ▁of ▁Ant arct ica ▁ ▁Category : B ays ▁of ▁Living ston ▁Island <0x0A> </s> ▁Nan ban ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Indian ▁T amil - language ▁coming - of - age ▁comedy ▁drama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Sh ank ar . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁re make ▁of ▁Raj k umar ▁Hir ani ' s ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots ▁( 2 0 0 9 ). ▁The ▁film ▁features ▁an ▁ensemble ▁cast ▁that ▁includes ▁V ij ay , ▁Ji iva , ▁S rik anth , ▁I le ana ▁D ' C ru z , ▁S ath yan ▁and ▁S ath yar aj . ▁ ▁The ▁plot ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁illustr ates ▁the ▁emb ark ment ▁of ▁two |
▁friends ▁on ▁a ▁quest ▁for ▁a ▁lost ▁bud dy , ▁who ▁was ▁once ▁an ▁optim istic ▁and ▁successful ▁student . ▁On ▁their ▁journey , ▁they ▁rec ount ▁their ▁college ▁life ▁and ▁special ▁moments ▁that ▁the ▁three ▁shared ▁up ▁until ▁their ▁lost ▁friend ▁secret ly ▁part ed ▁ways ▁after ▁conv ocation . ▁During ▁their ▁quest , ▁the ▁two ▁encounter ▁a ▁rival ▁class mate ▁who ▁once ▁made ▁a ▁long ▁forgotten ▁bet ▁with ▁them , ▁a ▁fun eral ▁that ▁goes ▁impos s ibly ▁out ▁of ▁control , ▁and ▁a ▁wed ding ▁they ▁must ▁crash . ▁▁ ▁The ▁film ' s ▁sound track ▁and ▁background ▁score ▁were ▁composed ▁by ▁Harris ▁Jay ar aj ▁and ▁cinemat ography ▁was ▁handled ▁by ▁M ano j ▁Param ah ams a . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Gem ini ▁Film ▁Circ uit . ▁A ▁length y ▁and ▁controvers ial ▁delay ▁in ▁casting ▁delayed ▁film ing ▁by ▁a ▁year . ▁Fil ming ▁took ▁place ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁eight ▁months ▁in ▁various ▁locations ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁India . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Its ▁dub bed ▁version ▁in ▁Tel ug u , ▁S neh ith ud u , ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁in ▁And h ra ▁Pr adesh . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁also ▁screen ed ▁at ▁the ▁Melbourne ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁ ▁Plot ▁▁▁ ▁V enk at ▁Ram ak r ish nan , ▁Se v ark odi ▁S enth il ▁and ▁Pan ch avan ▁Par iv |
end an ▁alias ▁P ari ▁are ▁three ▁first ▁year ▁engineering ▁students ▁who ▁share ▁a ▁room ▁in ▁the ▁host el ▁of ▁Ide al ▁Engineering ▁College ▁( IE C ), ▁Chen na i . ▁While ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁are ▁average ▁students ▁who ▁come ▁from ▁a ▁modern ▁background , ▁P ari ▁is ▁from ▁a ▁rich ▁family . ▁V enk at ▁studies ▁engineering ▁as ▁per ▁his ▁father ' s ▁wishes , ▁over ▁his ▁own ▁wish ▁– ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁wild life ▁photograph er , ▁while ▁S enth il , ▁whose ▁family ▁is ▁poor , ▁studies ▁engineering ▁to ▁improve ▁his ▁family ' s ▁financial ▁situation ▁and ▁get ▁his ▁sister ▁married . ▁P ari , ▁however , ▁studies ▁engineering ▁for ▁his ▁simple ▁passion ▁for ▁machines ▁and ▁devices . ▁He ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁one ▁should ▁follow ▁excell ence , ▁not ▁success , ▁as ▁success ▁will ▁take ▁care ▁of ▁itself ▁if ▁excell ence ▁is ▁followed . ▁This ▁approach ▁to ▁studies ▁is ▁s ne ered ▁upon ▁by ▁the ▁de an ▁of ▁the ▁college , ▁Professor ▁Vir um and i ▁" V irus " ▁San than am ▁. ▁Vir us ▁and ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁favour ▁P ari ' s ▁class mate ▁S riv ats an ▁alias ▁Sil encer ▁who ▁bel ieves ▁in ▁mind less ▁ro te ▁learning ▁over ▁understanding ▁to ▁reach ▁his ▁goals ▁of ▁corpor ate ▁status . ▁P ari ▁constantly ▁sp ars ▁with ▁Vir us ▁and ▁Sil encer ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁differences ▁in ▁their ▁educational ▁approaches . ▁ ▁P ari ▁falls ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁Vir us ' ▁daughter |
▁R ia , ▁a ▁medical ▁student ▁when ▁he , ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁accident ally ▁gate cr ash ▁her ▁elder ▁sister ▁Sw eth a ' s ▁wed ding ▁reception ▁to ▁obtain ▁a ▁free ▁me al . ▁R ia ▁is ▁not ▁im pressed ▁with ▁P ari ' s ▁ant ics ▁and ▁compla ins ▁to ▁her ▁father ▁about ▁them . ▁Vir us ▁becomes ▁fur ious ▁with ▁P ari ▁and ▁his ▁friends ▁and ▁tries ▁to ▁break ▁their ▁friendship ▁by ▁claim ing ▁that ▁the ▁" rich " ▁P ari ▁is ▁a ▁bad ▁influence ▁on ▁the ▁" less ▁privile ged " ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il . ▁While ▁V enk at ▁ref uses ▁to ▁break ▁his ▁friendship ▁with ▁P ari , ▁S enth il ▁bel ieves ▁Vir us ▁and ▁distances ▁himself ▁from ▁P ari , ▁though ▁they ▁recon cile ▁when ▁P ari ▁saves ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁S enth il ' s ▁par al ys ed ▁father , ▁who ▁had ▁suffered ▁a ▁heart ▁attack , ▁by ▁taking ▁him ▁to ▁hospital ▁on ▁R ia ' s ▁sc oot er ▁when ▁the ▁amb ul ance ▁had ▁not ▁arrived ▁on ▁time . ▁R ia ▁too ▁appreci ates ▁P ari ' s ▁practical ity ▁and ▁concern ▁for ▁others ▁and ▁reci proc ates ▁P ari ' s ▁feelings . ▁In ▁the ▁year ly ▁exam , ▁P ari ▁stands ▁first ▁in ▁his ▁class , ▁while ▁both ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁come ▁last . ▁ ▁Three ▁years ▁later , ▁during ▁their ▁final ▁year , ▁P ari , ▁V |
enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁break ▁into ▁Vir us ' s ▁house ▁dr unk ▁one ▁night ▁to ▁allow ▁P ari ▁to ▁propose ▁to ▁R ia . ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il , ▁who ▁are ▁both ▁dr unk , ▁cause ▁a ▁r uck us ▁and ▁ur inate ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁door ▁before ▁fle eing . ▁Vir us ▁not ices ▁S enth il ▁and ▁the ▁next ▁day , ▁he ▁threat ens ▁to ▁exp el ▁him ▁unless ▁he ▁sn itch es ▁on ▁P ari . ▁Not ▁wanting ▁to ▁bet ray ▁his ▁friend ▁or ▁let ▁down ▁his ▁family , ▁S enth il ▁attempts ▁suic ide ▁by ▁jump ing ▁from ▁Vir us ' ▁office ▁window ▁and ▁ends ▁up ▁in ▁a ▁com a . ▁However , ▁S enth il ▁soon ▁re co vers ▁and ▁following ▁his ▁recovery , ▁he ▁disc ards ▁his ▁fear ▁of ▁the ▁future . ▁His ▁fran k ness ▁impress es ▁the ▁interview ers ▁from ▁a ▁company ▁during ▁a ▁campus ▁pla cement ▁drive ▁and ▁they ▁h ire ▁him . ▁Meanwhile , ▁V enk at ▁successfully ▁convin ces ▁his ▁parents ▁to ▁allow ▁him ▁to ▁purs ue ▁his ▁wild life ▁phot ography ▁dream . ▁ ▁Vir us , ▁en rag ed ▁at ▁S enth il ' s ▁success , ▁sets ▁an ▁extremely ▁hard ▁final ▁exam ▁to ▁fail ▁S enth il , ▁as ▁the ▁job ▁offer ▁is ▁cont ing ent ▁on ▁gradu ation . ▁When ▁R ia ▁lear ns ▁of ▁her ▁father ' s ▁plan , ▁she ▁helps ▁P ari ▁and ▁V enk at ▁to ▁leak ▁the |
▁question ▁paper ▁by ▁providing ▁them ▁with ▁the ▁keys ▁to ▁her ▁father ' s ▁office . ▁However , ▁Vir us ▁catch es ▁them ▁and ▁exp els ▁them ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁S enth il ▁on ▁the ▁spot . ▁R ia ▁an gr ily ▁confront s ▁her ▁father , ▁reve aling ▁that ▁her ▁late ▁brother ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁because ▁he ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁get ▁into ▁IE C ▁as ▁his ▁father ▁had ▁desired , ▁despite ▁having ▁amb itions ▁of ▁becoming ▁a ▁writer . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Sw eth a , ▁who ▁is ▁pre gn ant , ▁goes ▁into ▁labour . ▁A ▁heavy ▁th under st orm ▁cut s ▁all ▁power ▁and ▁flo ods ▁the ▁streets , ▁making ▁it ▁impossible ▁for ▁the ▁amb ul ance ▁to ▁reach ▁Sw eth a . ▁P ari , ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁deliver ▁the ▁baby ▁using ▁available ▁equipment ▁and ▁an ▁in verter ▁developed ▁by ▁P ari , ▁with ▁R ia ▁instruct ing ▁him ▁via ▁Vo IP . ▁After ▁the ▁new born ▁baby ▁is ▁apparently ▁still born , ▁P ari ▁man ages ▁to ▁res usc itate ▁the ▁baby . ▁Vir us ▁forg ives ▁P ari ▁and ▁his ▁friends ▁and ▁gives ▁the ▁ast rom ical ▁invent ory ▁pen ▁to ▁him , ▁which ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁Vir us ▁by ▁his ▁former ▁director , ▁and ▁allows ▁them ▁to ▁write ▁their ▁final ▁ex ams . ▁After ▁the ▁conv ocation ▁however , ▁P ari ▁disapp ears ▁and ▁goes ▁into ▁se clusion . ▁ ▁Ten ▁years ▁later , ▁V enk at , ▁who ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁successful |
▁wild life ▁photograph er ▁and ▁S enth il , ▁who ▁is ▁married , ▁has ▁a ▁good ▁middle ▁class ▁life , ▁and ▁works ▁as ▁a ▁software ▁engineer ▁in ▁the ▁company ▁he ▁was ▁ten ▁years ▁ago ▁set ▁out ▁on ▁a ▁journey ▁to ▁O oty ▁to ▁find ▁P ari , ▁since ▁he ▁is ▁last ▁claimed ▁to ▁be ▁found ▁there ▁by ▁Sil encer . ▁They ▁are ▁joined ▁by ▁Sil encer , ▁who ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁wealth y ▁and ▁successful ▁professional ▁business man , ▁who ▁is ▁a ▁vice - pres ident ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁company , ▁while ▁also ▁being ▁married ▁and ▁having ▁k ids ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁who ▁is ▁looking ▁to ▁se al ▁a ▁deal ▁with ▁Kos ak si ▁Pas ap ug az h , ▁a ▁famous ▁scient ist ▁and ▁pros pective ▁business ▁associate . ▁Sil encer ' s ▁main ▁intention ▁in ▁finding ▁P ari ▁is ▁to ▁see ▁whether ▁P ari ▁is ▁more ▁successful ▁than ▁him ; ▁they ▁had ▁made ▁a ▁bet ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁year ▁of ▁engineering ▁on ▁who ▁would ▁be ▁more ▁successful ▁with ▁their ▁study ▁approaches . ▁However , ▁when ▁they ▁reach ▁P ari ' s ▁house ▁in ▁O oty , ▁they ▁find ▁a ▁completely ▁different ▁man : ▁the ▁real ▁Pan ch avan ▁Par iv end an . ▁ ▁Con front ing ▁Par iv end an , ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁learn ▁that ▁their ▁friend ▁was ▁actually ▁a ▁dest itute ▁servant ▁boy ▁nick named ▁P app u . ▁P app u , ▁who ▁worked ▁in ▁Par iv end an ' s |
▁household , ▁loved ▁learning , ▁while ▁Par iv end an ▁dis lik ed ▁studies . ▁ ▁After ▁not icing ▁the ▁boy ' s ▁intelligence , ▁Par iv end an ' s ▁father ▁agreed ▁to ▁allow ▁P app u ▁to ▁study ▁in ▁his ▁place ▁instead ▁of ▁working ▁as ▁a ▁servant . ▁In ▁return , ▁Par iv end an ▁would ▁pocket ▁P app u ' s ▁qual ifications ▁and ▁after ▁gradu ating , ▁P app u ▁should ▁ce ase ▁all ▁contact ▁with ▁him ▁and ▁his ▁family . ▁Par iv end an ▁reve als ▁that ▁P app u ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁school te acher ▁in ▁D han ush k odi . ▁Later , ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁discover ▁that ▁as ▁" P ari " ▁had ▁disappeared , ▁R ia ▁had ▁decided ▁to ▁marry ▁her ▁former ▁boy friend ▁– ▁a ▁price ▁obs essed ▁bank er ▁R akes h ▁whom ▁she ▁had ▁dump ed ▁when ▁" P ari " ▁made ▁her ▁real ise ▁that ▁he ▁lov es ▁his ▁expensive ▁items ▁more ▁than ▁her . ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁rescue ▁R ia ▁from ▁her ▁wed ding ▁in ▁Co imb atore ▁and ▁they , ▁along ▁with ▁Sil encer , ▁drive ▁to ▁D han ush k odi . ▁ ▁At ▁" P ari ' s " ▁school , ▁V enk at ▁and ▁S enth il ▁reun ite ▁with ▁their ▁long - lost ▁friend , ▁R ia ▁and ▁" P ari " ▁re kind le ▁their ▁rom ance , ▁and ▁Sil encer ▁mock s ▁" P |
ari " ▁for ▁becoming ▁a ▁low ly ▁school te acher . ▁He ▁asks ▁him ▁to ▁sign ▁a ▁" Dec laration ▁of ▁De fe at " ▁document ▁for ▁losing ▁the ▁bet . ▁He ▁also ▁sees ▁the ▁virus ' s ▁given ▁pen ▁on ▁his ▁hand ▁while ▁signing ▁and ▁d umb s ▁him ▁by ▁telling ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁los er ▁and ▁v ats an ▁is ▁a ▁winner . ▁On ▁seeing ▁" P ari " ' s ▁signature , ▁Sil encer ▁real ises ▁that ▁" P ari " ▁is ▁actually ▁Kos ak si ▁Pas up ug az h , ▁and ▁he ▁accepts ▁defeat . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁ ▁V ij ay ▁as ▁Kos ak si ▁Pas ap ug az h ▁/ ▁Pan ch avan ▁Par ivent han ▁ ▁Je e va ▁as ▁Se v ark odi ▁S enth il ▁▁ ▁S rik anth ▁as ▁V enk at ▁Ram ak r ish nan ▁ ▁I le ana ▁D ' C ru z ▁as ▁Ri ya ▁ ▁S ath yar aj ▁as ▁Vir um and i ▁San than am ▁(' V irus ') ▁ ▁S ath yan ▁as ▁S riv ats an ▁alias ▁Sil encer ▁▁ ▁An u ya ▁Bh ag v ath ▁as ▁Sw eth a ▁San than am ▁ ▁S . ▁J . ▁S ury a ▁as ▁Pan ch avan ▁Par ivent han ▁ ▁V ij ay ▁Vas anth ▁as ▁P ane er ▁Sel v am ▁ ▁T . ▁M . ▁Kar th ik ▁as ▁R akes h ▁▁ ▁Man ob ala ▁as ▁L ibr arian ▁B |
ose ▁ ▁Sh an m ug as und aram ▁as ▁Kal vi ▁Minister ▁ ▁A j ay ▁R ath nam ▁as ▁Pan ch avan ' s ▁father ▁ ▁U ma ▁Pad man ab han ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Ram ak r ish nan ▁ ▁A ad uk al am ▁N aren ▁as ▁Ram ak r ish nan ▁ ▁S ree ja ▁R avi ▁as ▁Doctor ▁ ▁R ani ▁as ▁S enth il ' s ▁sister ▁ ▁Ind r ans ▁as ▁G ov ind an ▁ ▁Bal aj i ▁Ven ug op al ▁as ▁R ag ging ▁Senior < ref ▁name ▁= ▁" End ▁cred its "> N an ban ▁( D VD ): ▁End ▁cred its ▁from ▁ 3 : 0 5 : 1 4 ▁to ▁ 3 : 0 5 : 1 8 </ ref > ▁ ▁V enk at ▁Sund ar ▁as ▁R ag ging ▁Senior ▁ ▁R inson ▁Simon ▁as ▁younger ▁Man imar an , ▁nick named ▁" Mill imet re " ▁ ▁Vik as ▁as ▁older ▁Man imar an , ▁nick named ▁" Cent imet re " ▁ ▁Sh ank ar ▁Sund aram ▁as ▁Ex am iner ▁ ▁Sh ank ar ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁appearance ▁as ▁Director ▁in ▁A sku ▁L aska ▁song ▁▁ ▁At lee ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁appearance ▁as ▁Ass istant ▁Director ▁in ▁A sku ▁L aska ▁song ▁▁ ▁Sh obi ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁appearance ▁in ▁A sku ▁L aska ▁song ▁▁ ▁Production ▁Development ▁ ▁Following ▁Gem ini ▁Film ▁Circ uit ' s ▁purchase ▁of ▁the ▁re make |
▁rights ▁for ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁there ▁was ▁much ▁spec ulation ▁in ▁regards ▁to ▁the ▁three ▁title ▁roles ▁played ▁by ▁A am ir ▁Khan , ▁R . ▁Mad hav an ▁and ▁Sh ar man ▁Jos hi ▁in ▁the ▁original . ▁Gem ini ▁Film ▁Circ uit ▁approached ▁noted ▁direct ors ▁Sh ank ar , ▁V ish nu vard han ▁and ▁S . ▁D har ani ▁to ▁replace ▁Raj k umar ▁Hir ani ▁as ▁the ▁director , ▁with ▁the ▁appro val ▁from ▁Sh ank ar ▁leading ▁to ▁him ▁being ▁signed . ▁Despite ▁spec ulation ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁set ▁to ▁pull ▁out ▁from ▁direct ing ▁his ▁first ▁re make ▁as ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁step ▁down ▁from ▁his ▁previous ▁film , ▁En th ir an , ▁Sh ank ar ▁stated ▁his ▁commit ment ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁He ▁later ▁added ▁that , ▁" he ▁came ▁across ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots ▁during ▁the ▁making ▁of ▁End h ir an , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁that ▁moment ▁he ▁decided ▁to ▁break ▁his ▁self - im posed ▁rule ▁– ▁making ▁only ▁original ▁mov ies ▁– ▁and ▁decided ▁to ▁direct ▁his ▁first ▁re make ▁vent ure ." ▁Harris ▁Jay ar aj ▁and ▁Yu van ▁Sh ank ar ▁R aja ▁were ▁approached ▁to ▁compose ▁the ▁sound track , ▁with ▁Sh ank ar ▁sett ling ▁for ▁the ▁former ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁action ▁film ▁An ni yan ▁earlier . ▁Meanwhile , |
▁M ano j ▁Param ah ams a , ▁whose ▁work ▁in ▁Vin na ith a and i ▁Var u va ay aa ▁and ▁E er am ▁had ▁been ▁crit ically ▁acc laimed , ▁was ▁signed ▁on ▁as ▁the ▁cinemat ograph er . ▁Sound ▁designer ▁Res ul ▁P ook ut ty ▁and ▁visual ▁effects ▁designer ▁V . ▁S rin ivas ▁Moh an ▁joined ▁the ▁crew , ▁following ▁a ▁successful ▁collaboration ▁in ▁En th ir an . ▁ ▁Cast ing ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁lead ▁role , ▁played ▁in ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots ▁by ▁A am ir ▁Khan , ▁initial ▁reports ▁suggested ▁that ▁S uri ya , ▁Mah esh ▁Bab u ▁and ▁P aw an ▁Kal yan ▁were ▁the ▁front ▁runner , ▁who ▁however ▁dismiss ed ▁the ▁link ▁cit ing ▁that ▁his ▁commit ments ▁had ▁left ▁him ▁busy . ▁A ▁special ▁screen ing ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁industry ▁included ▁V ij ay , ▁who ▁expressed ▁his ▁desire ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁film , ▁and ▁was ▁subsequently ▁signed ▁up ▁by ▁Gem ini ▁Film ▁Circ uits ▁to ▁port ray ▁the ▁lead ▁role . ▁However , ▁by ▁mid - Dec ember ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁soon ▁after ▁trial ▁sho ots ▁were ▁held , ▁V ij ay ▁walked ▁out ▁the ▁film ▁following ▁disput es ▁over ▁his ▁dates , ▁with ▁S uri ya ▁being ▁label led ▁as ▁his ▁likely ▁replacement . ▁Re ports ▁claimed ▁that ▁tal ks ▁with ▁S uri ya ▁failed , ▁since ▁the ▁actor ▁had ▁demanded ▁sal ary ▁increase ▁and ▁dub bing ▁rights ▁for ▁the ▁Tel ug |
u - version ▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁S uri ya ' s ▁reasons ▁for ▁ref using ▁the ▁offer ▁was ▁later ▁confirmed ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁true , ▁with ▁S uri ya ▁himself ▁reve aling ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁opt ed ▁out ▁only ▁because ▁of ▁other ▁film ▁commit ments ▁and ▁" did ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁keep ▁Sh ank ar ▁waiting ". ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁V ij ay ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁final ised ▁for ▁the ▁role . ▁ ▁The ▁roles ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁two ▁title ▁characters ▁took ▁consider ably ▁longer ▁to ▁confirm . ▁R . ▁Mad hav an ▁was ▁initially ▁approached ▁to ▁repr ise ▁his ▁role ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁but ▁made ▁it ▁clear ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁unw illing ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁re make , ▁cit ing ▁the ▁film ▁had ▁already ▁" g one ▁down ▁in ▁history ". ▁Early ▁indic ations ▁suggested ▁that ▁U dh ay an id hi ▁St alin ▁had ▁replaced ▁him ▁but ▁the ▁claims ▁were ▁false . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁reports ▁emer ged ▁that ▁Vin ay ▁R ai ▁or ▁Nak ul ▁were ▁set ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁role , ▁however ▁Vin ay ▁c ited ▁that ▁he ▁refused ▁the ▁project ▁as ▁the ▁role ▁was ▁not ▁as ▁me aty ▁as ▁the ▁other ▁two ▁characters . ▁Con sequently , ▁the ▁production ▁house ▁signed ▁S rik anth ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁role , ▁after ▁seeing ▁his ▁performance ▁in ▁Dro hi , ▁which ▁had ▁come ▁after ▁several ▁box - office ▁fail ures ▁for ▁him . ▁Sh ar man ▁Jos hi ' s ▁role |
▁was ▁originally ▁offered ▁to ▁Sil amb ar as an , ▁but ▁after ▁discuss ions , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁Sil amb ar as an ▁could ▁not ▁do ▁as ▁he ▁felt ▁he ▁didn ' t ▁suit ▁the ▁character . ▁Sub sequently , ▁the ▁role ▁was ▁offered ▁to ▁S idd har th , ▁a ▁prote ge ▁of ▁Sh ank ar , ▁who ▁also ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁refuse ▁the ▁project . ▁Despite ▁further ▁reports ▁that ▁A ry a ▁and ▁Ji iva ▁were ▁being ▁considered , ▁the ▁latter ▁signed ▁on ▁and ▁agreed ▁with ▁Sh ank ar ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁play ▁Jos hi ' s ▁role ▁instead ▁of ▁Mad hav an ' s . ▁The ▁role ▁played ▁by ▁K are ena ▁Kap oor ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁be ▁played ▁by ▁either ▁S hr uti ▁Ha as an ▁or ▁As in . ▁However ▁I le ana ▁D ' C ru z ▁was ▁signed ▁on ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁after ▁attempts ▁to ▁cast ▁K atr ina ▁Ka if ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁had ▁failed . ▁The ▁college ▁professor ' s ▁role ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁S ath yar aj , ▁despite ▁early ▁indic ations ▁that ▁P rak ash ▁Raj ▁would ▁be ▁approached . ▁O mi ▁Va id ya ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁repr ise ▁his ▁role ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁and ▁com ed ian ▁S ath yan ▁S iv ak umar ▁was ▁signed ▁on ▁to ▁ess ay ▁his ▁role ▁after ▁attempts ▁to ▁sign ▁S rich aran ▁of ▁Pay an am ▁fame ▁has ▁failed , ▁while ▁S . ▁J . ▁S ury a ▁signed |
▁on ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁a ▁guest ▁role , ▁port ray ing ▁the ▁role ▁en act ed ▁by ▁J aved ▁J aff rey . ‘ B illa ▁ 2 , ▁a ▁learning ▁experience ’ . ▁New ind ian express . com . ▁Retrieved ▁on ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁An u ya ▁Bh ag v ath ▁was ▁signed ▁up ▁for ▁a ▁supporting ▁role . ▁Stage ▁artist ▁S re ede vi ▁G eng iah ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁play ▁Je e va ' s ▁sister . ▁ ▁Fil ming ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁schedule ▁of ▁film ing ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁O oty , ▁where ▁scenes ▁involving ▁I le ana , ▁S rik anth ▁and ▁Ji iva ▁were ▁shot . ▁During ▁the ▁second ▁schedule ▁scenes ▁involving ▁the ▁lead ▁cast ▁were ▁can ned ▁at ▁Forest ▁Research ▁Institute , ▁De hr ad un ▁and ▁a ▁car ▁ch ase ▁at ▁various ▁places ▁in ▁Chen na i , ▁while ▁two ▁songs ▁were ▁fil med ▁in ▁London ▁and ▁Buck ingham ▁during ▁the ▁third ▁schedule . ▁Some ▁significant ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁were ▁shot ▁in ▁Chen na i ▁at ▁Sun ▁Studios , ▁K oth and ap ani ▁Studios ▁and ▁the ▁A mp a ▁Sky walk ▁Mall , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁Ko y amb edu ▁water ▁tank ▁for ▁three ▁days , ▁for ▁which ▁an ▁Ak ila ▁c rane ▁was ▁used . ▁Further ▁film ing , ▁including ▁the ▁clim ax , ▁was ▁held ▁at ▁various ▁locations ▁in ▁Europe , ▁And am ans ▁and ▁Co imb atore . ▁Fil ming ▁was |
▁wrapped - up ▁in ▁October ▁with ▁a ▁song ▁featuring ▁V ij ay ▁and ▁I le ana , ▁which ▁was ▁ch ore ograph ed ▁by ▁Far ah ▁Khan . ▁The ▁film ing ▁process ▁last ed ▁for ▁eight ▁months . ▁ ▁Sh ank ar ▁wanted ▁to ▁paint ▁a ▁train ▁for ▁the ▁song ▁sequence , ▁so ▁the ▁team ▁decided ▁to ▁stick ▁paper ▁and ▁then ▁paste ▁the ▁painting ▁on ▁it . ▁Art ▁director ▁M uth ur aj ▁h ired ▁some ▁ 2 5 0 ▁artists ▁from ▁various ▁states ▁who ▁were ▁well ▁vers ed ▁in ▁folk ▁draw ings ▁and ▁finished ▁the ▁entire ▁job ▁at ▁break ne ck ▁speed ▁and ▁returned ▁the ▁train ▁in ▁time . ▁ ▁Th emes ▁and ▁influ ences ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁a ▁re make ▁of ▁Raj k umar ▁Hir ani ' s ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots ▁( 2 0 0 9 ), ▁which ▁itself ▁was ▁adapted ▁from ▁the ▁novel ▁Five ▁Point ▁Some one ▁– ▁What ▁not ▁to ▁do ▁at ▁I IT ! ▁by ▁Ch et an ▁Bh ag at . ▁The ▁film ▁de als ▁with ▁the ▁theme ▁that ▁one ▁shouldn ' t ▁run ▁behind ▁success ▁and ▁rather ▁purs ue ▁his / her ▁own ▁interests . ▁If ▁one ▁develop s ▁right ▁skill ▁anything ▁is ▁possible . ▁According ▁to ▁G aut ham an ▁Bh ask aran ▁of ▁H indust an ▁Times , ▁" N an ban ’ s ▁message ▁is ▁prof ound ▁[ .. ] ▁given ▁India ’ s ▁explo itative ▁and ▁un im agin ative ▁education ▁system . ▁The ▁film ▁l amb asts ▁book ish |
ness , ▁the ▁mad ▁ch ase ▁for ▁marks , ▁[ .. ] ▁the ▁joy ▁of ▁discover ing . ▁Par ental ▁and ▁peer ▁pressure ▁and ▁the ▁fright fully ▁huge ▁fe es ▁for ▁professional ▁courses ▁push ▁boys ▁and ▁girls ▁into ▁performing ▁pu ppets . ▁The ▁higher ▁your ▁gr ades , ▁the ▁closer ▁you ▁are ▁to ▁se cur ing ▁a ▁cent um , ▁the ▁br ighter ▁become ▁your ▁ch ances ▁of ▁making ▁it ▁in ▁life ". ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁shows ▁characters ▁having ▁various ▁interests . ▁The ▁character ▁P ari ▁is ▁against ▁the ▁educational ▁system ▁and ▁ins ists ▁his ▁class m ates ▁not ▁to ▁run ▁behind ▁gr ades ▁rather ▁derive ▁pleasure ▁by ▁understanding ▁and ▁assim il ating ▁things ▁while ▁his ▁principal ▁Vir um and i ▁Sand han am ▁a ka ▁Vir us ▁( S ath yar aj ) ▁wants ▁students ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁book ▁w orm ▁to ▁excel ▁in ▁academ ics . ▁V enk at ▁is ▁interested ▁in ▁wild life ▁phot ography ▁but ▁his ▁parents ▁comp el ▁him ▁to ▁study ▁engineering . ▁S enth il ▁ha ils ▁from ▁a ▁poor ▁family ▁and ▁is ▁comp elled ▁to ▁study ▁professional ▁course ▁only ▁to ▁b ail ▁out ▁his ▁family ▁from ▁all ▁troubles . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁also ▁uses ▁real ▁invent ions ▁by ▁little - known ▁people ▁in ▁India ' s ▁back y ards . ▁The ▁bra ins ▁behind ▁the ▁innov ations ▁were ▁Rem ya ▁Jose , ▁a ▁student ▁from ▁Ker ala , ▁who ▁created ▁the ▁exercise - b icy cle / w ash ing - machine ; ▁Moh amm ad |
▁Id ris , ▁a ▁bar ber ▁from ▁Me er ut ▁district ▁in ▁U tt ar ▁Pr adesh , ▁who ▁invent ed ▁a ▁b icy cle - power ed ▁horse ▁cli pper ; ▁and ▁Jah ang ir ▁P ain ter , ▁a ▁painter ▁from ▁Mah ar as ht ra , ▁who ▁made ▁the ▁sc oot er - power ed ▁fl our ▁mill ▁which ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁H indi ▁film . ▁▁ ▁Sound track ▁▁ ▁The ▁sound track ▁and ▁background ▁score ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁Harris ▁Jay ar aj , ▁collabor ating ▁with ▁Sh ank ar ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁after ▁An ni yan ▁( 2 0 0 5 ). ▁This ▁film ▁also ▁marks ▁V ij ay ' s ▁first ▁collaboration ▁with ▁Harris ▁Jay ar aj . ▁The ▁album ▁features ▁six ▁tracks , ▁with ▁lyr ics ▁being ▁provided ▁by ▁Pa . ▁V ij ay , ▁V ive ka , ▁Na . ▁M uth uk umar ▁and ▁Mad han ▁K ark y , ▁the ▁latter ▁two ▁pen ning ▁lyr ics ▁for ▁two ▁songs ▁each . ▁Not ably , ▁K ark y ' s ▁lyr ics ▁in ▁" A sku ▁L aska " ▁include ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 6 ▁different ▁languages . ▁The ▁full ▁sound track ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁▁ ▁Tel ug u ▁version ▁▁ ▁The ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁Tel ug u ▁version ▁album ▁S neh ith ud u ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁in ▁Hy der abad |
. ▁L yr ics ▁are ▁P enn ed ▁by ▁Si ri ven n ela ▁S itar am as ast ri , ▁Van am ali , ▁Ram aj og ay ya ▁S as try . ▁It ▁was ▁attended ▁by ▁Ram ▁Char an ▁Te ja , ▁V ij ay , ▁S . ▁Sh ank ar , ▁I le ana , ▁S rik anth , ▁Harris ▁Jay ar aj , ▁S ath yar aj , ▁S . ▁J . ▁S ury a , ▁S ath yan ▁and ▁D il ▁Raj u . ▁Raj k umar ▁Hir ani , ▁Vid hu ▁Vin od ▁Ch op ra ▁and ▁Sh ar man ▁Jos hi , ▁who ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁film ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots , ▁were ▁also ▁present ▁at ▁the ▁event . Ind ia G l itz . com ▁wrote ▁that ▁the ▁music ▁album ▁is ▁" ready ▁to ▁mes mer ize ▁you ". ▁Be hind wood s . com ▁label led ▁it ▁a ▁" w inner ▁all ▁the ▁way ", ▁adding ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁" good ▁variety ▁all ▁through ▁the ▁album ▁[...] ▁and ▁am ple ▁scope ▁for ▁festiv ities ▁in ▁the ▁the ater ". ▁Top 1 0 cin ema . com ▁wrote ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁three ▁songs ▁that ▁" st rike ▁spect ac ular ly ▁with ▁its ▁rich ▁music ▁and ▁comm end able ▁lyr ics ", ▁calling ▁it ▁a ▁" good ▁work ▁by ▁Harris ". ▁Kol ly T alk . com ▁called ▁it ▁" Y outh ful ▁and ▁ref res hing ". ▁On ▁the ▁contrary , |
▁Pav ith ra ▁S rin ivas an ▁from ▁Red iff ▁wrote ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁" nothing ▁new ▁about ▁the ▁music ▁in ▁Nan ban ", ▁con cluding ▁that ▁Harris ▁Jay ar aj ▁had ▁" ob viously ▁taken ▁the ▁safe ▁route , ▁stick ing ▁to ▁his ▁usual ▁template ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁in ▁this ▁album ". ▁ ▁Release ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁release , ▁Nan ban ▁was ▁voted ▁the ▁" most ▁expected ▁film " ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁through ▁an ▁online ▁public ▁poll ▁conducted ▁by ▁Vik atan . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁for ▁P ong al ▁in ▁ 9 2 5 ▁screens ▁world wide . N an ban ▁advance ▁book ing ▁opened ▁well ▁in ▁Chen na i ▁city ▁and ▁sub ur bs . ▁It ▁had ▁the ▁highest ▁number ▁of ▁ 7 7 ▁shows ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁day ▁at ▁May aja al ▁multiple x ▁in ▁Chen na i ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁The ▁film ▁opened ▁in ▁nearly ▁ 6 2 5 ▁screens ▁in ▁T amil ▁N adu . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 5 0 ▁screens ▁in ▁Chen na i ▁and ▁ 3 1 ▁screens ▁in ▁Hy der abad . ▁It ▁released ▁simultaneously ▁in ▁UK , ▁the ▁US , ▁Malays ia ▁and ▁Singapore . ▁Nan ban ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁T amil ▁film ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁with ▁French ▁subt it les ▁in ▁France . ▁It ▁also ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁film ▁to ▁get ▁ex empt ed ▁from ▁the ▁ 3 0 ▁percent ▁entertain ment ▁tax ▁in |
▁T amil ▁N adu ▁by ▁the ▁new ▁scheme ▁introduced ▁by ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁T amil ▁N adu . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁Tel ug u ▁film ▁distrib utor ▁D il ▁Raj u ▁bought ▁the ▁the atr ical ▁rights ▁of ▁S neh itud u , ▁the ▁Tel ug u ▁dub bed ▁version ▁of ▁Nan ban ▁for ▁And h ra ▁Pr adesh ▁market . ▁S neh itud u ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Home ▁Media ▁The ▁Television ▁broadcast ing ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁a ▁record ▁sum ▁to ▁ST AR ▁V ij ay ▁for ▁ ▁. ▁Indian ▁DVD ▁were ▁market ed ▁by ▁Mos er ▁Ba er . ▁O verse as ▁DVD ▁were ▁market ed ▁by ▁Su ara ▁DVD . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Crit ical ▁response ▁S ify ▁called ▁it ▁an ▁" eng aging ▁film ▁with ▁noble ▁intent ions . ▁It ▁deser ves ▁view ing ▁because ▁films ▁like ▁this ▁are ▁hard ▁to ▁find ". ▁Be hind wood s . com ▁r ated ▁the ▁film ▁ 3 . 5 / 5 ▁and ▁wrote : ▁" N an ban ▁has ▁got ▁more ▁than ▁something ▁for ▁everyone . ▁It ▁is ▁very ▁unlikely ▁that ▁a ▁person ▁finds ▁such ▁a ▁wh oles ome ▁package ▁uns atisf ying . ▁All ▁is ▁absolutely ▁well !" ▁Pav ith ra ▁S rin ivas an ▁from ▁Red iff . com ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁ 3 / 5 ▁stars , ▁describing ▁it ▁as ▁" the ▁perfect ▁feel - good ▁fare ▁for ▁the ▁fest ive ▁season , ▁despite ▁minor ▁gl itch es ". |
▁Mal ath i ▁Rang ar aj an ▁from ▁The ▁H indu ▁wrote : ▁" N an ban ▁is ▁an ▁enjoy able ▁co ck tail ▁of ▁hum our ▁with ▁some ▁sentiment ▁and ▁sad ness ▁thrown ▁in ▁for ▁that ▁extra ▁appeal . ▁Once ▁again ▁Sh ank ar ▁proves ▁the ▁master ▁craft s man ▁that ▁he ▁is ". ▁An up ama ▁Sub ram an ian ▁from ▁De cc an ▁Chron icle ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁ 3 / 5 ▁stars , ▁while ▁lab elling ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁" fe el - good ▁film ▁with ▁a ▁larger ▁message ▁and ▁a ▁brilliant ▁fe at ▁by ▁V ij ay ▁which ▁makes ▁the ▁film ▁a ▁not - to - be - miss ed ▁one !" ▁V enk ates war an ▁Nar ay an an ▁from ▁Times ▁of ▁India ▁noted ▁several ▁an ach ron isms ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁( such ▁as ▁YouTube ▁being ▁used ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁actually ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁but ▁wrote : ▁" S uch ▁minor ▁c rib bing ▁apart , ▁all ▁is ▁well ▁with ▁Nan ban ▁because ▁Sh ank ar ' s ▁ret elling ▁of ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots ▁retain s ▁its ▁soul ▁and ▁has ▁its ▁heart ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁place ". ▁Ze e ▁News ▁wrote : ▁" N an ban ▁is ▁a ▁must ▁watch , ▁grab ▁your ▁tick ets ▁now . ▁It ’ s ▁the ▁best ▁gift ▁V ij ay ▁could ▁have ▁given ▁to ▁his ▁die hard ▁fans ▁this ▁P ong al ". ▁India G l |
itz . com ▁named ▁it ▁a ▁" clear ▁ent ert ainer ", ▁" a ▁wh iff ▁of ▁fresh ▁air ▁from ▁the ▁mind less ▁mas ala ▁mov ies " ▁and ▁a ▁welcome ▁change ". ▁R oh it ▁Ram ach and ran ▁of ▁now running . com ▁r ated ▁it ▁ 3 / 5 ▁stating ▁that ▁" N an ban ▁is ▁Raj k umar ▁Hir ani ' s ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots ▁st aged ▁and ▁presented ▁by ▁Sh ank ar ▁in ▁a ▁different ▁language ▁with ▁grande ur . ▁The ▁base ▁material ▁is ▁solid ▁and ▁Sh ank ar ▁ob ed ient ly ▁traces ▁it . ▁Out ▁comes ▁an ▁u pl ifting ▁ent ert ainer ▁that ▁will ▁draw ▁ra ves ▁from ▁view ers ▁of ▁all ▁kinds ". ▁One ind ia . in ▁gave ▁a ▁positive ▁ver dict ▁and ▁wrote , ▁" All ▁is ▁well . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁Sh ank ar ' s ▁Sank r ath i ▁fe ast ▁for ▁the ▁audience ! ▁Do ▁not ▁hes itate ▁to ▁watch ▁Nan ban ▁even ▁if ▁you ▁have ▁seen ▁ 3 ▁Id i ots ". ▁CNN - IB N ▁said ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁" s weet ▁and ▁satisfying ". ▁Acc laimed ▁actor ▁Kam al ▁Hass an ▁appreciated ▁V ij ay ' s ▁performance ▁in ▁the ▁movie ▁and ▁la ud ed ▁the ▁team ' s ▁effort ▁in ▁making ▁such ▁a ▁good ▁ent ert ainer . ▁At ▁the ▁Internet ▁Movie ▁Database ▁the ▁film ▁stands ▁up ▁with ▁a ▁rating ▁of ▁ 7 . 8 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁stars . ▁Je |
e vi ▁from ▁Id le bra in . com ▁with ▁regards ▁to ▁the ▁Tel ug u ▁dub bed ▁version ▁S neh ith ud u ▁commented ▁that ▁" the ▁magic ▁of ▁ 3 ▁id i ots ▁is ▁missing ", ▁and ▁gave ▁ 3 / 5 ▁stars . ▁Ind i ag l itz ▁stated ▁that ▁S neh ith ud u ▁was ▁a ▁" pass able ▁re make ". ▁On ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes , ▁the ▁film ▁holds ▁an ▁audience ▁rating ▁of ▁ 9 6 % ▁based ▁on ▁nearly ▁ 1 2 0 0 ▁votes . ▁ ▁Box ▁office ▁India ▁In ▁Chen na i ▁city , ▁the ▁film ▁n ett ed ▁ ▁in ▁its ▁first ▁week end ▁and ▁ 6 4 % ▁of ▁the ▁tak ings , N an ban ▁opened ▁at ▁No . 1 ▁in ▁Chen na i . ▁Be hind wood s . com . ▁Retrieved ▁on ▁ 2 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁and ▁ ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁week , ▁stay ing ▁at ▁first ▁rank . ▁The ▁film ▁account ed ▁for ▁ 6 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁tak ings ▁at ▁the ▁Chen na i ▁box ▁office ▁on ▁its ▁second ▁week end ▁and ▁ 6 4 % ▁on ▁its ▁third ▁week end . ▁The ▁film ▁gross ed ▁around ▁ ▁in ▁Chen na i ▁after ▁seven ▁weeks , ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁about ▁ ▁came ▁from ▁S ath y am ▁Cin emas ▁multiple x . ▁In ▁Co imb atore ▁and ▁Nil g ir is ▁area , ▁Nan ban ▁opened ▁in ▁ 7 0 |
▁screens ▁and ▁n ett ed ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁week . ▁It ▁also ▁got ▁a ▁great ▁opening ▁at ▁the ▁Bang al ore ▁box - office , ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁still ▁featured ▁in ▁Top ▁ 5 ▁even ▁one ▁month ▁after ▁its ▁release . ▁The ▁film ' s ▁gross ▁collection ▁after ▁its ▁first ▁week ▁from ▁ 4 ▁circ uits ▁of ▁Co imb atore ▁was ▁around ▁, ▁the ▁highest ▁yield ▁since ▁End h ir an . ▁ ▁O verse as N an ban '' ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 7 ▁screens ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁gross ed ▁$ 7 6 , 5 8 0 ▁in ▁its ▁first ▁week end . ▁Over all ▁it ▁had ▁gross ed ▁$ 1 1 0 , 4 2 2 . ▁In ▁UK , ▁it ▁collected ▁$ 1 7 3 , 7 8 9 ▁in ▁its ▁first ▁week ▁with ▁a ▁per ▁screen ▁average ▁of ▁$ 7 , 2 4 1 ▁in ▁ 2 4 ▁the at res . ▁After ▁its ▁ 4 - week ▁run ▁the ▁film ▁collected ▁£ ▁( 1 6 . 6 mill ion ) ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁highest ▁gros ser ▁in ▁UK . ▁It ▁also ▁secured ▁the ▁first ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Malays ian ▁box - office ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁week ▁released ▁in ▁ 3 7 ▁screens , ▁and ▁collected ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁$ 8 7 1 , 9 5 9 ▁after ▁a ▁six - week ▁run . ▁It ▁collected ▁a ▁sum ▁of ▁ ▁after ▁ 1 8 ▁days ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁box ▁office , ▁whereas ▁it ▁had |
▁collected ▁ ▁at ▁the ▁Malays ian ▁box ▁office ▁within ▁the ▁same ▁period . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nomin ations ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 2 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁T amil - language ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁bud dy ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁comedy - d rama ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁the ▁education ▁system ▁in ▁India ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁S . ▁Sh ank ar ▁Category : T amil ▁film ▁scores ▁by ▁Harris ▁Jay ar aj ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁O oty ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁London ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁Mad ur ai ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁U tt ar ak hand ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁Him ach al ▁Pr adesh ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁bud dy ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁comedy - d rama ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁coming - of - age ▁films ▁Category : T amil ▁rem akes ▁of ▁H indi ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁non linear ▁narr ative ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁Spain ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁Chen na i <0x0A> </s> ▁Edward ▁F iennes ▁de ▁Cl inton , ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁Lincoln , ▁K G ▁( 1 5 1 2 1 6 |
▁January ▁ 1 5 8 4 / 8 5 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁no blem an ▁and ▁Lord ▁High ▁Admir al . ▁He ▁rendered ▁valuable ▁service ▁to ▁four ▁of ▁the ▁T ud or ▁monarch s . ▁ ▁Family ▁Edward ▁Cl inton ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁S cri vel s by ▁in ▁Lincoln shire , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Cl inton , ▁ 8 th ▁Baron ▁Cl inton ▁( 1 4 9 0 – 1 5 1 7 ), ▁by ▁Jane ▁( or ▁Joan ) ▁Po yn ings , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁seven ▁il leg it imate ▁children ▁of ▁Sir ▁Edward ▁Po yn ings ▁( 1 4 5 9 – 1 5 2 1 ) ▁of ▁Westen h anger , ▁Kent . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁sister ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Po yn ings , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Po yn ings ▁( d ied ▁ 1 5 4 5 ), ▁Edward ▁Po yn ings ▁( d ied ▁ 1 5 4 6 ), ▁and ▁Sir ▁Ad rian ▁Po yn ings . ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁Baron ▁Cl inton ▁in ▁ 1 5 1 7 , ▁Jane ▁Po yn ings ▁married , ▁as ▁his ▁second ▁wife , ▁Sir ▁Robert ▁Wing field ▁( d ied ▁ 1 5 3 9 ).. ▁▁ ▁Cl inton ▁succeeded ▁his ▁father ▁as ▁ 9 th ▁Baron ▁Cl inton ▁in ▁ 1 5 1 7 . ▁As ▁he ▁was ▁only ▁ 5 ▁years ▁old ▁when ▁his ▁father ▁died ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁royal ▁w ard ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 5 |
3 0 ▁had ▁been ▁married ▁off ▁to ▁the ▁King ' s ▁ex - m ist ress , ▁the ▁ 3 0 - year - old ▁B ess ie ▁Bl ount . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁France ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁ret inue ▁of ▁King ▁Henry ▁VIII ▁at ▁Bou log ne ▁and ▁Cal ais ▁in ▁ 1 5 3 2 . ▁He ▁sat ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁L ords ▁in ▁ 1 5 3 6 ▁and ▁later ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁against ▁French ▁and ▁Scottish ▁naval ▁forces ▁from ▁ 1 5 4 4 ▁to ▁ 1 5 4 7 . ▁He ▁was ▁kn ight ed ▁in ▁Edinburgh ▁by ▁Edward ▁Se ym our , ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁H ert ford ▁for ▁his ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁capture ▁of ▁that ▁city ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 4 . ▁He ▁also ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Bou log ne ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 5 4 4 . ▁Under ▁John ▁D ud ley , ▁Vis count ▁Lis le ▁he ▁saw ▁action ▁against ▁the ▁French ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Sp it head ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 5 ▁and ▁was ▁sent ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁peace ▁commission ers ▁to ▁France ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁ ▁Scotland ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 5 4 7 ▁he ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁Scotland ▁with ▁ 1 2 ▁ships ▁to ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁St ▁Andrew s ▁Castle ▁to ▁prevent ▁a ▁French ▁inter vention , ▁but ▁arrived ▁too ▁late . ▁He ▁captured ▁Br ought y ▁Castle ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁September , ▁ref |
ort ified ▁it ▁with ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁an ▁Italian ▁military ▁engineer , ▁and ▁installed ▁Andrew ▁D ud ley ▁as ▁its ▁captain , ▁leaving ▁him ▁three ▁ships , ▁the ▁Mary ▁Hamb or ough , ▁the ▁Bar que ▁E ger , ▁and ▁the ▁Phoenix . ▁ ▁He ▁commanded ▁the ▁English ▁fleet ▁during ▁the ▁invasion ▁of ▁Scotland ▁by ▁Edward ▁Se ym our ▁and ▁ ▁provided ▁naval ▁art illery ▁support ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁P ink ie ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁September ▁ 1 5 4 7 . ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 5 4 8 ▁he ▁sa iled ▁into ▁the ▁F irth ▁of ▁For th ▁and ▁scattered ▁French ▁and ▁Scottish ▁ships ▁near ▁Le ith . ▁He ▁then ▁land ed ▁ 5 0 0 ▁men ▁to ▁bur nt ▁the ▁ships ▁in ▁the ▁har bour ▁of ▁Bur nt is land , ▁and ▁cont empl ated ▁fort ifying ▁the ▁har bour ▁for ▁English ▁use . ▁He ▁was ▁ab o ard ▁the ▁Great ▁Bar que . ▁ ▁Governor ▁of ▁Bou log ne ▁App oint ed ▁Governor ▁of ▁Bou log ne ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 7 , ▁he ▁successfully ▁def ended ▁the ▁city ▁against ▁a ▁French ▁sie ge ▁from ▁ 1 5 4 9 ▁to ▁ 1 5 5 0 . ▁That ▁same ▁year , ▁with ▁Henry ▁Mann ers , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁R ut land , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Lord ▁Lieutenant ▁of ▁Lincoln shire ▁and ▁of ▁Not ting ham shire ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁Lord ▁High ▁Admir al ▁under ▁King ▁Edward ▁VI ▁from ▁ 1 5 5 0 ▁to |
▁ 1 5 5 3 , ▁and ▁again ▁from ▁ 1 5 5 9 ▁to ▁ 1 5 8 5 . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁Priv y ▁Coun s ell or ▁from ▁ 1 5 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 5 5 3 , ▁and ▁briefly ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁en voy ▁to ▁France ▁in ▁ 1 5 5 1 . ▁After ▁appointment ▁as ▁ ▁Lord - L ie utenant ▁of ▁Lincoln shire ▁in ▁ 1 5 5 2 , ▁Cl inton ▁later ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁Wy att ' s ▁Reb ell ion ▁in ▁Kent ▁in ▁ 1 5 5 4 . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁expedition ▁of ▁William ▁Herbert , ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁P embro ke ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁Spanish ▁forces ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Saint ▁Qu entin ▁in ▁northern ▁France ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁August ▁ 1 5 5 7 , ▁but ▁arrived ▁after ▁the ▁battle ▁was ▁largely ▁won . ▁Upon ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁England , ▁Cl inton ▁took ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁fleet , ▁ra ided ▁the ▁French ▁coast ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 5 5 8 ▁bur nt ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Le ▁Con quet ▁and ▁the ▁surrounding ▁area . ▁ ▁N oth ern ▁Reb ell ion ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁joint ▁commander ▁with ▁Am bro se ▁D ud ley , ▁ 3 rd ▁Earl ▁of ▁War wick ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁army ▁during ▁the ▁Northern ▁Reb ell ion ; ▁however ▁the ▁army ▁was ▁still ▁being ▁assemble d ▁when ▁the ▁re bell ion ▁was ▁defeated ▁in |
▁January ▁ 1 5 7 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁created ▁Earl ▁of ▁Lincoln ▁in ▁ 1 5 7 2 , ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁amb assador ▁to ▁France , ▁during ▁which ▁time ▁he ▁under to ok ▁several ▁comm issions ▁from ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁I ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁London ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁January ▁ 1 5 8 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 4 1 - 4 2 ▁following ▁the ▁dissol ution ▁of ▁the ▁monaster ies , ▁Cl inton ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Urs ula , ▁were ▁granted ▁the ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁earlier ▁As lack by ▁Pre cept ory ▁of ▁the ▁Kn ights ▁Tem pl ar — l ater ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁Kn ights ▁H osp it aller — at ▁As lack by ▁in ▁Lincoln shire . ▁ ▁Mar riage ▁and ▁pro gen y ▁▁ ▁He ▁married ▁three ▁times : ▁First ly ▁to ▁Elizabeth ▁Bl ount , ▁Henry ▁VIII ' s ▁former ▁mist ress , ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁produced ▁three ▁daughters : ▁Lady ▁Br idget ▁Cl inton ▁( born ▁c . ▁ 1 5 3 6 ), ▁married ▁Robert ▁D ym oke ▁( D ym ock ▁or ▁D ym ock e ), ▁of ▁S cri vel s by , ▁Lincoln shire , ▁c . ▁ 1 5 5 6 ▁and ▁had ▁ten ▁children . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁dev out ▁Catholic ▁and ▁was ▁declared ▁a ▁mart yr ▁after ▁his ▁death . ▁Lady ▁K atherine ▁Cl inton ▁( c . ▁ 1 5 3 8 1 4 ▁August ▁ 1 6 2 1 ), ▁married |
▁William ▁Burg h , ▁ 2 nd ▁Baron ▁Burg h ▁of ▁G ains borough ▁( c . ▁ 1 5 2 2 1 0 ▁October ▁ 1 5 8 4 ), ▁son ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Burg h , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Burg h . ▁They ▁had ▁two ▁children ▁which ▁included ▁Thomas ▁Burg h , ▁ 3 rd ▁Baron ▁Burg h . ▁Lady ▁Margaret ▁Cl inton ▁( born ▁c . ▁ 1 5 3 9 ), ▁married ▁Charles ▁Will ough by , ▁ 2 nd ▁Baron ▁Will ough by ▁of ▁Par ham ▁( d ied ▁ 1 6 0 3 ), ▁and ▁had ▁five ▁children . ▁Second ly ▁to ▁Urs ula ▁St our ton , ▁daughter ▁of ▁William ▁St our ton , ▁ 7 th ▁Baron ▁St our ton ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁produced ▁six ▁children : ▁Henry ▁Cl inton , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Lincoln , ▁el dest ▁son ▁and ▁he ir . ▁William ▁Cl inton ▁Thomas ▁Cl inton ▁( 1 5 4 8 – 1 6 1 0 ); ▁he ▁married ▁Mary ▁Ty rell . ▁Lady ▁Frances ▁Cl inton ▁( 1 5 5 2 1 2 ▁September ▁ 1 6 2 3 ). ▁She ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁S cri vel s by , ▁Lincoln shire ▁and ▁died ▁at ▁W ob urn ▁Ab bey , ▁Bed ford shire . ▁She ▁married ▁G iles ▁Bry d ges , ▁ 3 rd ▁Baron ▁Ch and os . ▁Anne ▁Cl inton ▁( 1 5 5 3 – 1 6 2 9 ) ▁Elizabeth ▁Cl inton ▁( |
1 5 5 4 – 1 6 3 4 ) ▁ ▁Third ly ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 5 5 2 ▁to ▁Elizabeth ▁Fitz G er ald ▁(" the ▁fair ▁Ger ald ine "), ▁daughter ▁of ▁Ger ald ▁Fitz G er ald , ▁ 9 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁K ild are ▁and ▁the ▁wid ow ▁of ▁Sir ▁Anthony ▁Brow ne . ▁The ▁marriage ▁was ▁child less . ▁ ▁Death ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁London ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁January ▁ 1 5 8 5 . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Charles ▁William ▁Ch ad wick ▁O man , ▁A ▁History ▁in ▁the ▁Art ▁of ▁War ▁in ▁the ▁Six teenth ▁Century , ▁New ▁York , ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁Michael ▁Sand erson , ▁Sea ▁Batt les , ▁London , ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Edward ▁CL INT ON ▁FI EN N ES ▁( 1 ▁E . ▁Lincoln ) ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁Category : 1 5 1 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 5 8 5 ▁death s ▁Edward ▁Category : L ord ▁High ▁Admir als ▁of ▁England ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁S cri vel s by ▁Category : L ord - L ie uten ants ▁of ▁Lincoln shire ▁Category : English ▁people ▁of ▁the ▁R ough ▁W oo ing ▁Category : K n ights ▁of ▁the ▁G arter ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁English ▁nob ility ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁personnel ▁Category : Pe ople ▁of ▁the ▁T |
ud or ▁period ▁Edward <0x0A> </s> ▁Cher up uz ha ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Cher up uz ha ▁( K ann ur ), ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Ker ala , ▁India ▁ ▁Cher up uz ha ▁( Kar ul ai ), ▁Ker ala , ▁a ▁river ▁ ▁Cher up uz ha ▁( M av oor ), ▁Ker ala , ▁a ▁river ▁ ▁Cher up uz ha ▁( A reek ode ), ▁Ker ala , ▁a ▁river <0x0A> </s> ▁Pul ch ell id in ▁( Pl ) ▁is ▁an ▁O - m eth yl ated ▁anth oc yan id in . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁blue - red ▁plant ▁p ig ment . ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁Pl umb ago ▁pul ch ella . ▁ ▁G ly cos ides ▁ ▁Pul ch ell id in ▁ 3 - r ham nos ide ▁( m ole cular ▁formula ▁: ▁C 2 2 H 2 3 O 1 1 , ▁exact ▁mass ▁: ▁ 4 6 3 . 1 2 4 0 3 6 5 7 8 ) ▁is ▁reported ▁in ▁Pl umb ago ▁co er ule a ▁whereas ▁pul ch ell id in ▁ 3 - gl uc os ide ▁( C 2 2 H 2 3 O 1 2 , ▁exact ▁mass ▁: ▁ 4 7 9 . 1 1 8 9 5 1 2 ) ▁is ▁reported ▁in ▁Pl umb ago ▁pul ch ella ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : O - M eth yl ated ▁anth oc yan id ins |
▁Category : Py rog all ols <0x0A> </s> ▁Private ▁Part s ▁& ▁Pie ces ▁VII : ▁S low ▁W aves , ▁So ft ▁Stars ▁is ▁the ▁tw elf th ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁English ▁multi - inst rument al ist ▁and ▁composer ▁Anthony ▁Phill ips . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁by ▁Aud ion ▁Rec ording ▁as ▁the ▁sevent h ▁instal ment ▁in ▁his ▁Private ▁Part s ▁& ▁Pie ces ▁album ▁series . ▁The ▁album ▁sees ▁Phill ips ▁explore ▁ambient ▁and ▁new - age ▁music ▁with ▁synth esis ers ▁and ▁gu it ars . ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁recording ▁Following ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁his ▁previous ▁album , ▁Private ▁Part s ▁and ▁Pie ces ▁VI : ▁I v ory ▁Moon , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁Phill ips ▁found ▁himself ▁in ▁a ▁situation ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁" pl od ding ▁along ▁doing ▁the ▁same ▁kind ▁of ▁things " ▁until ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁comm issions ▁for ▁television ▁music ▁had ▁created ▁a ▁gap ▁of ▁free ▁time . ▁He ▁was ▁un available ▁to ▁produce ▁an ▁album ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁scale ▁due ▁to ▁ins u fficient ▁funds ▁and ▁resources ▁available , ▁but ▁wished ▁for ▁his ▁next ▁release ▁to ▁be ▁" something ▁with ▁a ▁more ▁interesting ▁and ▁wider ▁canvas ". ▁Having ▁focused ▁Private ▁Part s ▁& ▁Pie ces ▁V : ▁Tw elve ▁( 1 9 8 5 ) ▁on ▁guitar ▁pieces ▁and ▁I v ory ▁Moon ▁on ▁piano ▁pieces , ▁Phill ips ▁turned ▁to ▁a ▁synth esis er - based |
▁album ▁for ▁S low ▁W aves , ▁So ft ▁Stars , ▁an ▁early ▁working ▁title ▁for ▁which ▁was ▁Fl ights ▁of ▁F ancy . ▁Its ▁ambient ▁and ▁New - age ▁style ▁marked ▁a ▁change ▁in ▁musical ▁direction ▁for ▁Phill ips , ▁as ▁his ▁previous ▁released ▁focused ▁more ▁on ▁ac oust ic ▁instruments . ▁He ▁was ▁not ▁influenced ▁by ▁New - age ▁albums ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁The ▁album ▁contains ▁a ▁mixture ▁of ▁arranged ▁and ▁" ada pt ed ▁impro vis ations "; ▁Phill ips ▁reason ed ▁the ▁latter ▁style ▁down ▁to ▁" the ▁strong ▁atmosphere ▁of ▁these ▁tracks ▁compens ates ▁for ▁any ▁def ic ien cies ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁or ▁development ". ▁Phill ips ▁noted ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁S low ▁W aves , ▁So ft ▁Stars ▁broke ▁the ▁tradition ▁of ▁each ▁album ▁in ▁the ▁Private ▁Part s ▁& ▁Pie ces ▁series ▁having ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁song ▁with ▁a ▁vocal ▁track . ▁He ▁felt ▁that ▁one ▁with ▁vocals ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁fit ▁the ▁overall ▁style ▁of ▁S low ▁W aves , ▁So ft ▁Stars . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁recorded ▁between ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁at ▁Eng le wood ▁Studios , ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Phill ips ' s ▁home ▁studio ▁in ▁Cla ph am , ▁south ▁London . ▁Its ▁front ▁cover ▁was ▁photograph ed ▁by ▁Phill ips ▁in ▁Portugal ▁using ▁the ▁wrong ▁expos ure , ▁" but ▁that ▁shows ▁that ▁sometimes ▁good ▁things ▁can ▁come ▁out ▁of ▁mistakes ". ▁The ▁photo ▁was ▁not ▁his ▁original |
▁idea ▁as ▁he ▁wished ▁for ▁it ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁back ▁cover , ▁but ▁when ▁the ▁record ▁label ▁gained ▁enthus ias m ▁over ▁its ▁New - age ▁theme ▁Phill ips ▁felt ▁it ▁was ▁necessary ▁to ▁put ▁it ▁on ▁the ▁front . ▁The ▁back ▁cover ▁photo ▁was ▁taken ▁by ▁T if ▁Hunter ▁using ▁a ▁fis he ye ▁l ens ▁on ▁a ▁boat ▁trip ▁to ▁France ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁for ▁a ▁friend ' s ▁stag ▁party . ▁ ▁Music ▁Phill ips ▁recorded ▁the ▁five - part ▁" I ce ▁Fl ight " ▁suite ▁with ▁a ▁Roland ▁Jup iter - 8 ▁keyboard ▁loan ed ▁to ▁him . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁write ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁settings ▁down ; ▁instead , ▁he ▁searched ▁for ▁sounds ▁he ▁liked ▁and ▁played ▁them . ▁" Be ach runner " ▁and ▁" End ▁of ▁the ▁Aff air " ▁feature ▁Argent ine ▁music ian ▁En rique ▁Ber ro ▁Gar cia , ▁who ▁Phill ips ▁had ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁on ▁Private ▁Part s ▁and ▁Pie ces ▁III : ▁Anti ques ▁( 1 9 8 2 ) ▁before ▁Gar cia ▁returned ▁to ▁Argentina . ▁Gar cia ▁arrived ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁Both ▁tracks ▁origin ate ▁from ▁much ▁longer ▁pieces ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁de vised ▁during ▁a ▁sp ont aneous ▁session ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁" S osp ir ando " ▁origin ates ▁from ▁a ▁demo ▁that ▁Phill ips ▁had ▁assemble d ▁in ▁his ▁pitch ▁to ▁score ▁the ▁drama ▁film ▁The ▁Honor |
ary ▁Cons ul ▁( 1 9 8 3 ). ▁" V an ishing ▁Stre ets " ▁and ▁" S low ▁W aves , ▁So ft ▁Stars " ▁are ▁impro vised ▁pieces ▁that ▁were ▁played ▁on ▁a ▁Cas io ▁C Z - 5 0 0 0 ▁synth esis er , ▁which ▁Phill ips ▁does ▁not ▁rate ▁highly ▁but ▁noted ▁its ▁useful ness ▁for ▁only ▁certain ▁sounds . ▁He ▁was ▁particularly ▁im pressed ▁by ▁its ▁ability ▁to ▁create ▁" A ▁constant ▁series ▁of ▁rising ▁and ▁falling ▁en velop es ▁and ▁the ▁characteristics ▁of ▁those ▁pieces ▁was ▁that ▁you ▁got ▁long , ▁sust ained ▁notes ▁di pping ▁and ▁before ▁they ▁dip , ▁another ▁one ▁comes ▁in ". ▁" The ▁Golden ▁Path way " ▁origin ates ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁television ▁film ▁God ' s ▁Ch osen ▁Car ▁Park ▁which ▁Phill ips ▁had ▁scored ▁music ▁for ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁by ▁Aud ion ▁Rec ording . ▁It ▁remained ▁un re leased ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁until ▁Virgin ▁Records ▁put ▁it ▁out ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁re iss ued ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁latter ▁as ▁a ▁double ▁release ▁with ▁Private ▁Part s ▁& ▁Pie ces ▁VIII : ▁New ▁England ▁( 1 9 9 2 ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁included |
▁in ▁the ▁Private ▁Part s ▁& ▁Pie ces ▁V – V III ▁box ▁set . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁All ▁titles ▁composed , ▁performed , ▁and ▁produced ▁by ▁Anthony ▁Phill ips , ▁except ▁" Be ach runner " ▁and ▁" End ▁of ▁the ▁Aff air " ▁composed ▁by ▁Phill ips ▁and ▁En rique ▁Ber ro ▁Gar cia . ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Cred its ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁album ' s ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁l iner ▁notes . ▁ ▁Music ▁Anthony ▁Phill ips ▁– ▁Roland ▁Jup iter - 8 , ▁Cas io ▁C Z - 5 0 0 0 , ▁AR P ▁ 2 6 0 0 , ▁Pol ym o og , ▁Y ari ▁classical ▁guitar , ▁Rud lo ff ▁ 8 - string ▁guitar , ▁Al vare z ▁ 1 2 - string ▁guitar ▁on ▁" Good bye ▁Ser en ade ", ▁Tom ▁drum ▁machine , ▁Tib et an ▁b ells ▁and ▁ch imes , ▁z ither ▁on ▁" Be hind ▁the ▁Water fall " ▁En rique ▁Ber ro ▁Gar cia ▁– ▁classical ▁guitar ▁on ▁" F light ▁of ▁the ▁Wh ale - B ird s : ▁Bl izz ard ▁Mountain " ▁and ▁" F light ▁of ▁the ▁Al bat ross : ▁Ice ▁Island " ▁ ▁Production ▁Anthony ▁Phill ips ▁( aka ▁" V ic ▁St en ch ▁of ▁Th rom b osis ") ▁– ▁production , ▁back ▁cover ▁phot ography ▁Paul ▁Gra ves ▁– ▁technical ▁super vision ▁John ▁Lee ▁– ▁insp iration ▁T if ▁Hunter ▁– ▁front ▁cover ▁photo ▁Murray ▁B |
ren man ▁– ▁design ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁albums ▁Category : An th ony ▁Phill ips ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Mil es ▁Anderson ▁( born ▁ 2 3 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Z imb ab we an ▁stage ▁and ▁television ▁actor , ▁who ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁television ▁serial s ▁both ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁and ▁North ▁America . ▁He ▁recently ▁appeared ▁as ▁Al ist air ▁the ▁photograph er ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁La ▁La ▁Land . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁in ▁Rh odes ia , ▁now ▁Z imb ab we , ▁Anderson ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁School . ▁His ▁father ▁commanded ▁the ▁Rh odes ian ▁Army ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁was ▁dismiss ed ▁for ▁his ▁opposition ▁to ▁the ▁Government . ▁His ▁mother , ▁D aph ne , ▁wrote ▁' The ▁To er ags ' ▁a ▁mem oir ▁of ▁her ▁difficult ▁child hood ▁in ▁Rh odes ia . ▁He ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁television ▁series , ▁C riminal ▁M inds , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁on going ▁show ▁Ult imate ▁Force ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁played ▁Colonel ▁A iden ▁D emp sey ▁for ▁the ▁entire ty ▁of ▁its ▁production . ▁He ▁had ▁previously ▁played ▁L t . ▁Col . ▁Dan ▁Fort une ▁in ▁I TV ' s ▁Sold ier ▁Sold ier ▁( series ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 2 ▁only , ▁ 1 9 9 1 – 9 2 ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁ 1 9 |
8 2 ▁London ▁Crit ics ' ▁Circle ▁D rama ▁Theatre ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Support ing ▁A ctor ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁for ▁his ▁performances ▁in ▁The ▁T win ▁Riv als ▁and ▁The ▁W itch ▁of ▁Ed mont on and ▁an ▁Oliv ier ▁Nom ination ▁for ▁his ▁performance ▁as ▁Sig ism und ▁in ▁Cal der on ' s ▁Life ' s ▁A ▁Dream ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Shakespeare ▁Company . ▁His ▁numerous ▁performances ▁for ▁television ▁include ▁Fall ▁of ▁E ag les , ▁Z - C ars , ▁The ▁S ween ey . ▁Campion , ▁House ▁of ▁C ards , ▁Oliver ' s ▁Tra vel s , ▁Every ▁Woman ▁Kn ows ▁a ▁Secret ▁and ▁Hol by ▁City . ▁Anderson ▁has ▁also ▁appeared ▁in ▁two ▁episodes ▁of ▁M ids omer ▁Mur ders ▁entitled ▁" De ath ▁In ▁Dis gu ise " ▁and ▁" Last ▁Year ' s ▁Model ", ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁voice ▁of ▁P ose id on ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁TV ▁adaptation ▁of ▁The ▁Od ys sey . ▁ ▁Anderson ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁Major ▁March b anks ▁in ▁the ▁BBC ▁adaptation ▁of ▁Philip ▁P ull man ' s ▁The ▁Ruby ▁in ▁the ▁Sm oke ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁sixth ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁crime - d rama ▁W aking ▁the ▁Dead . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁he ▁made ▁a ▁brief ▁appearance ▁as ▁Edward ▁T unst all ▁in ▁the ▁BBC ' s ▁East End ers . ▁He ▁also ▁narr ated ▁the |
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