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▁Louis ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁held ▁ann ually ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁inclus ive , ▁but ▁then ▁was ▁cancel led ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁because ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁It ▁res umed ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁and ▁then ▁was ▁st aged ▁ann ually ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁inclus ive , ▁being ▁cancel led ▁again ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁because ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁held ▁ann ually ▁since ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁ ▁Will ing don ▁Cup ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁the ▁inter pro vin cial ▁team ▁matches , ▁which ▁had ▁begun ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 , ▁and ▁held ▁ 2 7 ▁times ▁until ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁between ▁teams ▁from ▁Ontario ▁and ▁Quebec , ▁but ▁then ▁dropped , ▁were ▁res umed ▁with ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁Will ing don ▁Cup ▁competition , ▁playing ▁for ▁a ▁cup ▁don ated ▁by ▁the ▁Governor ▁General , ▁Lord ▁Will ing don . ▁The ▁Will ing don ▁Cup ▁features ▁teams ▁of ▁four ▁top ▁players ▁from ▁each ▁province , ▁and ▁is ▁held ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁days ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Am ateur , ▁which ▁are ▁also ▁the ▁qual ifying ▁days ▁for ▁the ▁balance ▁of ▁the ▁tournament . ▁The ▁Will ing don ▁Cup ▁was ▁also ▁not ▁played ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 0 - 4 5 . ▁ ▁Rot ation ▁around |
▁country ▁The ▁Canadian ▁Am ateur ▁stayed ▁in ▁Ontario ▁and ▁Quebec ▁until ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁when ▁it ▁went ▁to ▁Man it oba . ▁It ▁went ▁to ▁Al berta ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁to ▁British ▁Columbia ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁to ▁Atlantic ▁Canada ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁and ▁to ▁S ask atch ew an ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 . ▁Since ▁then , ▁it ▁has ▁rot ated ▁around ▁the ▁country ' s ▁top ▁courses , ▁with ▁the ▁current ▁format ▁allowing ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁six ▁major ▁golf ▁regions ▁( At l antic ▁Canada , ▁Quebec , ▁Ontario , ▁Man it oba ▁and ▁S ask atch ew an , ▁Al berta , ▁and ▁British ▁Columbia ) ▁to ▁have ▁its ▁turn ▁on ▁approximately ▁a ▁six - year ▁cycle . ▁Among ▁Canada ' s ▁ten ▁provinces , ▁only ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab r ador ▁has ▁yet ▁to ▁host ▁it . ▁ ▁Domin ant ▁players ▁The ▁Canadian ▁Am ateur ▁was ▁domin ated ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁by ▁Ross ▁Som er ville , ▁who ▁won ▁six ▁titles , ▁finished ▁runner - up ▁four ▁times , ▁and ▁had ▁several ▁more ▁near - miss es . ▁Mo e ▁Norman ▁won ▁back - to - back ▁titles ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁Nick ▁Wes lock |
▁waited ▁until ▁age ▁ 4 0 ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁his ▁four ▁titles ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁Although ▁Gary ▁Cow an ▁was ▁consist ently ▁the ▁best ▁Canadian ▁amateur ▁from ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁into ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 7 0 s , ▁he ▁managed ▁to ▁win ▁only ▁one ▁Canadian ▁title , ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁but ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁final s ▁four ▁more ▁times , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁finishing ▁runner - up ▁twice ▁in ▁stroke ▁play . ▁Doug ▁Ro x burgh ▁won ▁his ▁first ▁of ▁four ▁crow ns ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁Jim ▁N elf ord ▁won ▁two ▁in ▁a ▁row ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 5 – 1 9 7 6 , ▁then ▁narrow ly ▁missed ▁a ▁third ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁when ▁he ▁lost ▁to ▁Rod ▁Sp ittle , ▁who ▁won ▁two ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁Br ent ▁Franklin ▁won ▁three ▁in ▁a ▁row ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 5 – 1 9 8 7 , ▁a ▁fe at ▁not ▁seen ▁since ▁Lyon ▁did ▁it ▁some ▁eight y ▁years ▁earlier . ▁Richard ▁Scott ▁won ▁the ▁Canadian ▁title ▁in ▁three ▁years ▁out ▁of ▁four ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁Cam ▁Bur ke ▁won ▁two ▁straight ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁into ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s |
, ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Am ateur ▁often ▁attract ed ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁American ▁am ateurs , ▁several ▁of ▁whom ▁carried ▁the ▁tro phy ▁south , ▁including ▁Dick ▁Chap man , ▁Frank ▁Str an ah an , ▁Don ▁Cher ry , ▁Har vie ▁Ward , ▁Allen ▁Miller , ▁Dick ▁S ider ow f , ▁and ▁George ▁Burn s . ▁Other ▁leading ▁Americans ▁who ▁competed ▁but ▁fell ▁short ▁include ▁William ▁C . ▁Campbell , ▁Jay ▁Sig el , ▁and ▁Nathan iel ▁C ros by . ▁The ▁Canadian ▁title ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁won ▁by ▁South ▁African ▁Reg ▁Taylor ▁( 1 9 6 2 ), ▁New ▁Zealand ers ▁Stuart ▁Jones ▁( 1 9 6 7 ) ▁and ▁G are th ▁P add ison ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁Mexican ▁Rafael ▁Al ar con ▁( 1 9 7 9 ), ▁and ▁Australian ▁Gary ▁Sim pson ▁( 1 9 9 3 ). ▁ ▁To ▁date , ▁four ▁players ▁have ▁won ▁both ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Am ateur ▁and ▁Canadian ▁Am ateur ▁titles : ▁Ross ▁Som er ville , ▁Dick ▁Chap man , ▁Har vie ▁Ward , ▁and ▁Gary ▁Cow an . ▁Chap man ▁and ▁Ward ▁also ▁won ▁The ▁Am ateur ▁Championship ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁a ▁title ▁which ▁no ▁Canadian ▁has ▁yet ▁taken . ▁ ▁W inners ▁who ▁won ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁events ▁To ▁date , ▁eleven ▁players ▁who ▁won ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Am ateur ▁have ▁also ▁won ▁events ▁on ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour . ▁These ▁eleven ▁( in ▁chron ological ▁order ▁of ▁their ▁Canadian ▁Am ateur ▁wins |
) ▁are : ▁Fred ▁Ha as , ▁Ken ▁Black , ▁Frank ▁Str an ah an , ▁B unk y ▁Henry , ▁Allen ▁Miller , ▁George ▁Burn s ▁( g ol fer ), ▁Richard ▁Z ok ol , ▁Gar rett ▁Will is , ▁D ill ard ▁P ru itt , ▁Nick ▁Taylor , ▁and ▁Mack en zie ▁Hugh es . ▁ ▁Rod ▁Sp ittle , ▁Canadian ▁Am ateur ▁champion ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁later ▁won ▁an ▁event ▁on ▁the ▁Champions ▁Tour , ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁AT & T ▁Championship ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio . ▁ ▁Most ▁champion ships ▁hosted ▁The ▁Toronto ▁G olf ▁Club ▁( 1 8 9 8 , ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁ 1 9 0 3 , ▁ 1 9 0 5 , ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁and ▁the ▁Royal ▁Ott awa ▁G olf ▁Club ▁( 1 8 9 5 , ▁ 1 8 9 9 , ▁ 1 9 0 6 , ▁ 1 9 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁have ▁each ▁hosted ▁nine . ▁Next ▁are ▁Royal ▁Montreal ▁G olf ▁Club ▁with ▁seven ▁( 1 8 9 7 , ▁ |
1 9 0 0 , ▁ 1 9 0 2 , ▁ 1 9 0 4 , ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 1 ) ▁and ▁Hamilton ▁G olf ▁and ▁Country ▁Club ▁with ▁six ▁( 1 9 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 4 ). ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Am ateur ▁golf ▁tournament s ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : 1 8 9 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁Susan ▁M eld ▁Sh ell ▁( born ▁March ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁phil os opher ▁and ▁Professor ▁and ▁Chair ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Political ▁Science ▁at ▁Boston ▁College . ▁She ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁research ▁on ▁Kant ian ▁philosophy . ▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁Kant ▁and ▁the ▁Lim its ▁of ▁Aut onomy ▁( Har vard ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Emb od iment ▁of ▁Re ason : ▁Kant ▁on ▁Spirit , ▁Generation ▁and ▁Community ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Rights ▁of ▁Re ason : ▁A ▁Study ▁of ▁Kant ' s ▁Philosoph y ▁and ▁Polit ics ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁Toronto ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁America ▁at ▁R isk : ▁Th re ats |
▁to ▁Liberal ▁Self - G overn ment ▁in ▁an ▁Age ▁of ▁Un certain ty , ▁edited ▁by ▁Susan ▁Sh ell ▁and ▁Robert ▁K . ▁Fa ulk ner ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁Michigan ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Kant ' s ▁' Ob serv ations ' ▁and ▁' Rem arks ': ▁A ▁Crit ical ▁Guide , ▁edited ▁by ▁Susan ▁Sh ell ▁and ▁Richard ▁Vel k ley ▁( C amb ridge ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Susan ▁Sh ell ▁at ▁Boston ▁College ▁ ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : M oral ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : K ant ▁sch ol ars ▁Category : Ph il osoph y ▁academ ics ▁Category : Har vard ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : C orn ell ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : B oston ▁College ▁fac ulty ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : C atholic ▁University ▁of ▁America ▁fac ulty ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁End ow ment ▁for ▁the ▁Human ities ▁Category : B rad ley ▁Foundation ▁F ell ows ▁Category : AC LS ▁F ell ows ▁Category : American ▁women ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : E ar hart ▁Foundation ▁F ell ows <0x0A> </s> ▁David ▁A . ▁Williams ▁is ▁the ▁president ▁and ▁chief ▁executive ▁officer ▁of ▁Gen es ys ▁Works . ▁Pre viously , ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁President ▁and ▁Chief |
▁Executive ▁Officer ▁of ▁Make - A - W ish ▁Foundation . ▁ ▁Education ▁Williams ▁graduated ▁from ▁Dallas ▁High ▁School ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁Blo oms burg ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁with ▁a ▁B BA ▁and ▁later ▁attended ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Houston ▁( B auer ▁College ▁of ▁Business ), ▁where ▁he ▁earned ▁an ▁M BA . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Williams ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁Houston , ▁Texas ▁after ▁gradu ating ▁college ▁to ▁work ▁for ▁Sh ell ▁O il ▁Company . ▁In ▁Houston , ▁he ▁earned ▁a ▁master s ▁of ▁business ▁administration ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Houston . ▁He ▁worked ▁for ▁Sh ell ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁before ▁going ▁into ▁the ▁non - pro fit ▁sector . ▁ ▁Williams ▁began ▁his ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁non pro fit ▁sector ▁by ▁working ▁on ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁the ▁Houston ▁Food ▁Bank . ▁He ▁then ▁worked ▁for ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁at ▁Hab itat ▁for ▁Human ity ▁International ▁where ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁chief ▁operating ▁officer . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁Hel ping ▁to ▁En h ance ▁the ▁Liv elihood ▁of ▁People ▁( H EL P ) ▁Ar ound ▁the ▁Glo be ▁Commission ▁by ▁President ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : American ▁non pro fit ▁chief ▁execut ives ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Houston ▁al umn i ▁Category : American ▁chief ▁operating ▁officers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁K iw uri ▁( A |
ym ara ▁ ▁can ine ▁to oth ▁or ▁t usk , ▁- ri ▁a ▁suffix , ▁ ▁also ▁sp elled ▁K ib uri , ▁Qu ib uri ) ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁mountain ▁in ▁the ▁And es ▁of ▁Boliv ia . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁O ru ro ▁Department , ▁San ▁Pedro ▁de ▁Tot ora ▁Province . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁O ru ro ▁Department <0x0A> </s> ▁W ren ▁Day , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁W ren ' s ▁Day , ▁Day ▁of ▁the ▁W ren , ▁or ▁H unt ▁the ▁W ren ▁Day ▁( ), ▁is ▁celebrated ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁December , ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁Day ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁countries ▁across ▁Europe . ▁The ▁tradition ▁consists ▁of ▁" h un ting " ▁a ▁fake ▁w ren ▁and ▁putting ▁it ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁a ▁decor ated ▁pole . ▁Then ▁the ▁crow ds ▁of ▁m um mers , ▁or ▁st raw bo ys , ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁w ren ▁( also ▁pron ounced ▁w ran ) ▁by ▁dress ing ▁up ▁in ▁mask s , ▁st raw ▁su its , ▁and ▁colour ful ▁mot ley ▁cl othing . ▁They ▁form ▁music ▁bands ▁and ▁para de ▁through ▁towns ▁and ▁villages . ▁These ▁crow ds ▁are ▁sometimes ▁called ▁w ren bo ys . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁past ▁times ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁an ▁actual ▁bird ▁was ▁h unted ▁by ▁w ren bo ys ▁on ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁Day . ▁The ▁captured ▁w |
ren ▁was ▁tied ▁to ▁the ▁w ren boy ▁leader ' s ▁staff ▁or ▁a ▁net ▁would ▁be ▁put ▁on ▁a ▁pitch f ork . ▁It ▁would ▁be ▁sometimes ▁kept ▁alive , ▁as ▁the ▁popular ▁m um mers ' ▁para de ▁song ▁states , ▁" A ▁pen ny ▁or ▁tu pp ence ▁would ▁do ▁it ▁no ▁harm ". ▁The ▁song , ▁of ▁which ▁there ▁are ▁many ▁variations , ▁asked ▁for ▁don ations ▁from ▁the ▁town spe ople . ▁One ▁variation ▁s ung ▁in ▁Ed mond st own , ▁County ▁Dublin ▁ran ▁as ▁such ; ▁ ▁" The ▁w ren ▁the ▁w ren ▁the ▁king ▁of ▁all ▁birds / ▁St ▁Stephen ' s ▁Day ▁was ▁caught ▁in ▁the ▁fur ze / ▁Her ▁clothes ▁were ▁all ▁torn - ▁her ▁sho es ▁were ▁all ▁worn / ▁Up ▁with ▁the ▁k ett le ▁and ▁down ▁with ▁the ▁pan / ▁Give ▁us ▁a ▁pen ny ▁to ▁b ury ▁the ▁" w ran "/ ▁If ▁you ▁haven ' t ▁a ▁pen ny ▁a ▁half pen ny ▁will ▁do / ▁If ▁you ▁haven ' t ▁a ▁half pen ny / ▁God ▁bless ▁you ! ". ▁O ften ▁the ▁boys ▁gave ▁a ▁fe ather ▁from ▁the ▁bird ▁to ▁pat rons ▁for ▁good ▁luck . ▁The ▁money ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁host ▁a ▁dance ▁or ▁" W ren ▁Ball " ▁for ▁the ▁town ▁on ▁a ▁night ▁in ▁January . ▁W ren bo ys ▁would ▁go ▁from ▁house ▁to ▁house ▁in ▁the ▁coun tr ys ide ▁collect ing ▁money ▁but ▁in ▁the ▁towns ▁the ▁groups |
▁were ▁more ▁organ ised ▁and ▁there ▁was ▁often ▁an ▁element ▁of ▁fa ction - f ight ing . ▁In ▁both ▁cases ▁there ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁W ren ▁Captain , ▁usually ▁we aring ▁a ▁c ape ▁and ▁carrying ▁a ▁sword ; ▁mus icians ; ▁st raw bo ys ▁and ▁others ▁dressed ▁as ▁old ▁women ▁or ▁other ▁things . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁day ▁of ▁wild ▁revel ry ▁and ▁people ▁usually ▁conce al ▁their ▁ident ities ▁so ▁they ▁can ▁play ▁tr icks ▁on ▁their ▁friends . ▁This ▁type ▁of ▁behaviour ▁is ▁typical ▁of ▁C elt ic ▁festiv als ▁as ▁a ▁sort ▁of ▁pur ge . ▁The ▁band ▁of ▁young ▁boys ▁has ▁expanded ▁to ▁include ▁girls , ▁and ▁adult s ▁often ▁join ▁in . ▁The ▁money ▁collected ▁from ▁the ▁town spe ople ▁is ▁usually ▁don ated ▁to ▁a ▁school ▁or ▁char ity . ▁ ▁Similar ▁trad itions ▁of ▁hunting ▁the ▁w ren ▁have ▁been ▁performed ▁in ▁P embro kes hire , ▁Wales ▁on ▁Tw elf th ▁Day ▁( 6 ▁January ) ▁and , ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁Sunday ▁of ▁December ▁in ▁parts ▁of ▁Southern ▁France , ▁including ▁Car c ass onne . ▁The ▁custom ▁has ▁been ▁rev ived ▁in ▁Su ff olk ▁by ▁P ete ▁Jenn ings ▁and ▁the ▁Old ▁Gl ory ▁Mol ly ▁Dan cers ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Middle ton ▁every ▁Box ing ▁Day ▁evening ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁A ▁tradition ▁of ▁Hun ting ▁the ▁W ren ▁happens ▁on ▁the ▁Is le ▁of ▁Man ▁every ▁St ▁Stephen ' |
s ▁Day ▁( 2 6 ▁December ) ▁at ▁various ▁locations ▁around ▁the ▁Island . ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁circle ▁dance , ▁music ▁and ▁song , ▁taken ▁around ▁the ▁streets . ▁A ▁stuff ed ▁w ren ▁or ▁substitute ▁is ▁placed ▁at ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁a ▁tall ▁ho oped ▁pole ▁decor ated ▁with ▁rib b ons ▁and ▁green ery . ▁Then ▁a ▁l ively ▁circle ▁dance ▁takes ▁place ▁around ▁it , ▁to ▁live ▁mus icians ▁playing ▁the ▁t une , ▁and ▁from ▁time ▁to ▁time ▁the ▁song ▁is ▁s ung . ▁The ▁words ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁the ▁Island ▁are ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁Dublin ▁variation ▁and ▁the ▁North ▁Wales ▁version . ▁ ▁Origin ▁ ▁The ▁C elt ic ▁theory ▁The ▁w ren ▁celebr ation ▁may ▁have ▁desc ended ▁from ▁C elt ic ▁myth ology . ▁Ult imately , ▁the ▁origin ▁may ▁be ▁a ▁Sam h ain ▁or ▁mid w inter ▁sacrifice ▁or ▁celebr ation , ▁as ▁C elt ic ▁myth ology ▁considered ▁the ▁w ren ▁a ▁symbol ▁of ▁the ▁past ▁year ▁( the ▁European ▁w ren ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁habit ▁of ▁singing ▁even ▁in ▁mid - w inter , ▁and ▁its ▁name ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁" w inter ▁king ," ▁reflect s ▁this ); ▁C elt ic ▁names ▁of ▁the ▁w ren ▁( dra ou enn ig , ▁dre an , ▁dre athan , ▁dry w ▁etc .) ▁also ▁suggest ▁an ▁association ▁with ▁dru id ic ▁rit uals . ▁ ▁L le u ▁L law ▁Gy ff es , ▁a ▁C elt ic ▁hero |
, ▁wins ▁his ▁name ▁by ▁hitting ▁or ▁killing ▁a ▁w ren . ▁He ▁strik es ▁a ▁w ren ▁" between ▁the ▁tend on ▁and ▁the ▁b one ▁of ▁its ▁leg ", ▁causing ▁A rian rh od , ▁his ▁mother , ▁to ▁say ▁" it ▁is ▁with ▁a ▁skill ful ▁hand ▁that ▁the ▁fair - ha ired ▁one ▁has ▁hit ▁it ". ▁At ▁that ▁G w yd ion , ▁his ▁fost er ▁father , ▁reve als ▁himself , ▁saying ▁L le u ▁L law ▁Gy ff es ; ▁" the ▁fair - ha ired ▁one ▁with ▁the ▁skill ful ▁hand " ▁is ▁his ▁name ▁now ". ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Is le ▁of ▁Man , ▁the ▁hunting ▁of ▁the ▁w ren ▁is ▁associated ▁with ▁an ▁ancient ▁en chant ress ▁or ▁' que en ▁of ▁the ▁f ai ries ' ▁( or ▁god dess ) ▁named ▁' Te hi ▁T eg i ' ▁which ▁transl ates ▁to ▁something ▁like ▁' be aut iful ▁gather er ' ▁in ▁Bry th onic ▁( the ▁Man x ▁spoke ▁Bry th onic ▁before ▁they ▁switched ▁to ▁G ael ic ). ▁Te hi ▁T eg i ▁was ▁so ▁beautiful ▁that ▁all ▁the ▁men ▁of ▁the ▁Island ▁followed ▁her ▁around ▁in ▁hope ▁of ▁marry ing ▁her , ▁and ▁neglect ed ▁their ▁homes ▁and ▁fields . ▁Te hi ▁T eg i ▁led ▁her ▁suit ors ▁to ▁the ▁river ▁and ▁then ▁d rown ed ▁them . ▁She ▁was ▁confront ed , ▁but ▁turned ▁into ▁a ▁w ren ▁and ▁escaped . ▁She ▁was ▁ban ished |
▁from ▁the ▁Island ▁but ▁returns ▁once ▁a ▁year , ▁when ▁she ▁is ▁h unted . ▁ ▁The ▁Christian ▁theory ▁The ▁myth ▁most ▁commonly ▁told ▁in ▁Ireland ▁to ▁explain ▁the ▁festival ▁is ▁as ▁follows ; ▁God ▁wished ▁to ▁know ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁king ▁of ▁all ▁birds ▁so ▁he ▁set ▁a ▁challenge . ▁The ▁bird ▁who ▁fle w ▁highest ▁and ▁fur th est ▁would ▁win . ▁The ▁birds ▁all ▁began ▁together ▁but ▁they ▁dropped ▁out ▁one ▁by ▁one ▁until ▁none ▁were ▁left ▁but ▁the ▁great ▁e agle . ▁The ▁e agle ▁eventually ▁grew ▁tired ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁drop ▁lower ▁in ▁the ▁sky . ▁At ▁this ▁point , ▁the ▁tre acher ous ▁w ren ▁emer ged ▁from ▁beneath ▁the ▁e agle ' s ▁wing ▁to ▁so ar ▁higher ▁and ▁further ▁than ▁all ▁the ▁others . ▁This ▁belief ▁is ▁shown ▁in ▁the ▁song ▁that ▁begins : ▁ ▁" The ▁w ren , ▁the ▁w ren , ▁the ▁King ▁of ▁All ▁Bird s , ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁Night ▁got ▁caught ▁in ▁the ▁fur ze ." ▁ ▁This ▁also ▁illustr ates ▁the ▁tradition ▁of ▁hunting ▁the ▁w ren ▁on ▁Christmas ▁Day ▁( St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁E ve / N ight ). ▁ ▁The ▁Nor se ▁theory ▁The ▁tradition ▁may ▁also ▁have ▁been ▁influenced ▁by ▁Sc and in av ian ▁sett lers ▁during ▁the ▁Vik ing ▁invas ions ▁of ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁to ▁ 1 0 th ▁centuries ▁though ▁it ▁is ▁usually ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁" Christ ian ising " ▁of ▁old ▁pag an ▁festiv |
als ▁by ▁sain ts ▁to ▁ease ▁the ▁transition ▁and ▁promote ▁conversion . Vari ous ▁associated ▁leg ends ▁exist , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁w ren ▁being ▁responsible ▁for ▁bet ray ing ▁Irish ▁soldiers ▁who ▁fought ▁the ▁Vik ing ▁inv aders ▁by ▁be ating ▁its ▁wings ▁on ▁their ▁shield s , ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 st ▁and ▁early ▁ 2 nd ▁mill enn ia , ▁and ▁for ▁bet ray ing ▁the ▁Christian ▁mart yr ▁Saint ▁Stephen , ▁after ▁whom ▁the ▁day ▁is ▁named . ▁This ▁myth ological ▁association ▁with ▁tre ach ery ▁is ▁a ▁possible ▁reason ▁the ▁bird ▁was ▁h unted ▁by ▁w ren bo ys ▁on ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁Day , ▁or ▁why ▁a ▁pag an ▁sacrific ial ▁tradition ▁was ▁continued ▁into ▁Christian ▁times . ▁Despite ▁the ▁abandon ment ▁of ▁killing ▁the ▁w ren , ▁devoted ▁w ren bo ys ▁continue ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁the ▁G ael ic ▁tradition ▁of ▁celebr ating ▁the ▁w ren ▁continues , ▁although ▁it ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁w ides p read . ▁ ▁Central ▁Europe ▁ ▁Spain ▁In ▁Gal icia , ▁Spain , ▁the ▁C ac eria ▁del ▁rey ▁Char lo ▁( Ch ase ▁of ▁King ▁Charles ) ▁was ▁performed . ▁The ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁Vil an ova ▁de ▁L our enza ▁would ▁ch ase ▁down ▁a ▁w ren ▁and , ▁after ▁t ying ▁it ▁to ▁a ▁pole , ▁would ▁para de ▁it ▁and ▁show ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁ab bot ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁monaster y , ▁who ▁would ▁then ▁offer ▁them ▁food ▁and ▁drink ▁and ▁appoint ▁two |
▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁town ▁council ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁candidates ▁proposed ▁by ▁towns men . ▁This ▁tradition ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century . ▁The ▁sources ▁are ▁somewhat ▁mis leading ▁about ▁the ▁day , ▁since ▁they ▁call ▁it ▁" New ▁Year ' s ▁Day " ▁but ▁might ▁mean ▁" The ▁day ▁after ▁Christmas ", ▁which ▁was ▁regarded ▁then ▁as ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁France ▁James ▁George ▁Fra zer ▁describes ▁in ▁his ▁The ▁Golden ▁B ough ▁a ▁w ren - h un ting ▁rit ual ▁in ▁southern ▁France ▁( at ▁Car c ass onne ). ▁The ▁F ête ▁du ▁Ro i ▁de ▁l ' O ise au , ▁first ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 4 ▁at ▁P uy - en - V el ay , ▁is ▁still ▁active . ▁ ▁Songs ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁Li am ▁Cl ancy ▁recorded ▁" The ▁W ran ▁Song " ▁(" The ▁W ren ▁Song "), ▁which ▁was ▁s ung ▁in ▁Ireland ▁by ▁w ren bo ys . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Ste e ley e ▁Span ▁recorded ▁" The ▁King " ▁on ▁Please ▁to ▁See ▁the ▁King , ▁which ▁also ▁reflect s ▁the ▁tradition . ▁They ▁made ▁another ▁version , ▁" The ▁C ut ty ▁W ren ", ▁on ▁their ▁album ▁Time . ▁" H un ting ▁the ▁W ren " ▁is ▁on ▁John ▁Kirk pat rick ' s ▁album ▁Wass ail !. ▁The ▁Ch ie ft ains ▁made ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁w |
ren boy ▁t unes ▁on ▁The ▁B ells ▁of ▁Dublin . ▁In ▁the ▁song ▁" The ▁Boys ▁of ▁Bar r ▁na ▁S rá ide ", ▁which ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁poem ▁by ▁Sig erson ▁Cl iff ord , ▁the ▁w ren ▁h unt ▁is ▁also ▁prominent . ▁L ank um ' s ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁album ▁The ▁L ivel ong ▁Day ▁includes ▁a ▁track ▁called ▁" H un ting ▁the ▁W ren " ▁that ▁references ▁several ▁of ▁the ▁leg ends ▁and ▁practices ▁connected ▁with ▁W ren ▁Day . ▁ ▁" The ▁W ren ▁[ W ran ] ▁Song " ▁is ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁Cl ancy ▁Brothers ▁and ▁Tommy ▁Mak em ' s ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁album ▁Ain ' t ▁It ▁Grand ▁Boys : ▁A ▁Collection ▁of ▁Un iss ued ▁G ems , ▁as ▁the ▁last ▁song ▁in ▁" Children ' s ▁Med ley ". ▁The ▁spoken ▁introduction ▁tells ▁how ▁as ▁boys ▁they ▁would ▁go ▁out ▁on ▁Christmas ▁Day ▁and ▁kill ▁a ▁w ren , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁next ▁day , ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁Day , ▁they ▁would ▁go ▁from ▁house ▁to ▁house ▁singing ▁this ▁song ▁and ▁asking ▁for ▁money ▁" to ▁b ury ▁the ▁w ren ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁Day ▁J unk ano o ▁C ut ty ▁W ren ▁M um mer ' s ▁Day ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Arch ived ▁audio ▁recording ▁of ▁The ▁W ren ▁Song , ▁s ung ▁by ▁Will ▁Mur phy , ▁Col liers |
, ▁New found land ▁ ▁Disc uss ions ▁about ▁the ▁W ren ▁song ▁ ▁H unt ▁the ▁W ren ▁in ▁the ▁Is le ▁of ▁Man ▁ ▁Hand book ▁of ▁Bird s ▁of ▁the ▁World : ▁W r ens ▁family ▁account ▁ ▁Hun ting ▁the ▁W ren ▁on ▁the ▁D ing le ▁pen ins ula ▁- ▁An ▁excellent ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁orig ins , ▁history , ▁contemporary ▁aspects ▁and ▁international ▁connections ▁of ▁the ▁w ren . ▁ ▁The ▁We ird ▁Side ▁of ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁day ▁in ▁Ireland ▁& ▁Else where ▁( F ust ar . info ) ▁ ▁W ren ▁Boy ▁Festival ▁ ▁W ren ▁Day ▁ ▁W ren ▁Day ▁Songs ▁ ▁Hun ting ▁the ▁W ren , ▁b bc . co . uk , ▁ 2 3 ▁Dec ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Category : I r ish ▁myth ology ▁Category : Dec ember ▁observ ances ▁Category : I r ish ▁fol kl ore ▁Category : Intern ational ▁observ ances ▁Category : Public ▁hol id ays ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : I r ish ▁culture ▁Category : W inter ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Ireland <0x0A> </s> ▁Missouri ▁elected ▁its ▁member ▁August ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 8 2 6 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁and ▁ 1 8 2 7 ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁elections ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Representatives ▁from ▁Missouri ▁▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁Missouri ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁vector ▁calculus , ▁the ▁surface |
▁gradient ▁is ▁a ▁vector ▁differential ▁operator ▁that ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁conventional ▁gradient . ▁ ▁The ▁distinction ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁surface ▁gradient ▁takes ▁effect ▁along ▁a ▁surface . ▁ ▁For ▁a ▁surface ▁ ▁in ▁a ▁scalar ▁field ▁, ▁the ▁surface ▁gradient ▁is ▁defined ▁and ▁not ated ▁as ▁▁ ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁unit ▁normal ▁to ▁the ▁surface . ▁Ex am ining ▁the ▁definition ▁shows ▁that ▁the ▁surface ▁gradient ▁is ▁the ▁( con vent ional ) ▁gradient ▁with ▁the ▁component ▁normal ▁to ▁the ▁surface ▁removed ▁( sub t ract ed ), ▁hence ▁this ▁gradient ▁is ▁tang ent ▁to ▁the ▁surface . ▁In ▁other ▁words , ▁the ▁surface ▁gradient ▁is ▁the ▁orth ographic ▁projection ▁of ▁the ▁gradient ▁onto ▁the ▁surface . ▁ ▁The ▁surface ▁gradient ▁ar ises ▁whenever ▁the ▁gradient ▁of ▁a ▁quantity ▁over ▁a ▁surface ▁is ▁important . ▁In ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁cap ill ary ▁surfaces ▁for ▁example , ▁the ▁gradient ▁of ▁spatial ly ▁varying ▁surface ▁t ension ▁doesn ' t ▁make ▁much ▁sense , ▁however ▁the ▁surface ▁gradient ▁does ▁and ▁serves ▁certain ▁purposes . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Vector ▁calculus <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Cord ill era ▁Central ▁p á ram o ▁( NT 1 0 0 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁e cor eg ion ▁containing ▁p á ram o ▁( high ▁mo or land ) ▁veget ation ▁above ▁the ▁tre eline ▁in ▁the ▁And es ▁mountain ▁range ▁of ▁northern ▁Peru ▁and ▁southern ▁E cuador . ▁Due ▁to ▁its ▁isol ation ▁there ▁are ▁high ▁levels ▁of ▁en dem ism . ▁Despite ▁many ▁human |
▁settlement s ▁and ▁some ▁destruction ▁of ▁habitat ▁by ▁agricult ure ▁and ▁min ing , ▁the ▁e cor eg ion ▁is ▁relatively ▁int act . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁Location ▁ ▁The ▁Cord ill era ▁Central ▁p á ram o ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁regions ▁of ▁the ▁And es ▁in ▁northern ▁Peru ▁and ▁southern ▁E cuador . ▁The ▁e cor eg ion ▁has ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁p á ram o ▁covers ▁rid ges ▁and ▁mountains ▁in ▁the ▁high ▁bas ins ▁of ▁the ▁Pi ura ▁and ▁C aj amar ca ▁regions ▁of ▁Peru ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁E cuador . ▁The ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁e cor eg ion ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Cord ill era ▁Real ▁mont ane ▁for ests ▁e cor eg ion . ▁Further ▁south ▁it ▁ad jo ins ▁or ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁T umb es - Pi ura ▁dry ▁for ests , ▁Mar añ ón ▁dry ▁for ests , ▁Per uv ian ▁Y ung as , ▁U c ay ali ▁mo ist ▁for ests , ▁Se ch ura ▁Des ert ▁and ▁Central ▁And e an ▁wet ▁p una . ▁ ▁Ter rain ▁ ▁The ▁Cord ill era ▁Central ▁p á ram o ▁begins ▁at ▁the ▁tre eline ▁around ▁ ▁of ▁elev ation ▁and ▁extends ▁up ward ▁to ▁the ▁permanent ▁snow line ▁at ▁about ▁. ▁Some ▁mountains ▁are ▁vol can ic ▁in ▁origin ▁from ▁the ▁T ert i ary ▁period , ▁but ▁there ▁are ▁also ▁Pale oz o ic ▁ ▁met am orph ic ▁and ▁sed iment ary |
▁rocks , ▁Pale oc ene ▁b athol ith s ▁and ▁areas ▁of ▁P rec amb rian ▁rock . ▁Ter rain ▁includes ▁ste ep ▁s lop es ▁on ▁the ▁high ▁pe aks , ▁and ▁flat ▁or ▁rolling ▁table lands ▁cut ▁by ▁deep ▁valle ys ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁climate ▁is ▁mil der . ▁So ils ▁are ▁wet ▁or ▁mar sh y , ▁with ▁rock y ▁regions ▁and ▁rock ▁out cro ppings . ▁The ▁p á ram o ▁is ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁many ▁streams ▁that ▁run ▁down ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁west ▁s lop es ▁of ▁the ▁And es ▁and ▁provide ▁an ▁important ▁source ▁of ▁water ▁to ▁the ▁human ▁populations ▁lower ▁down . ▁In ▁Peru ▁it ▁supplies ▁the ▁Qu ir ós , ▁Hu anc ab amba ▁and ▁Ch in chi pe ▁rivers . ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁ ▁The ▁Kö ppen ▁climate ▁classification ▁is ▁" C fb ": ▁warm ▁temper ate , ▁fully ▁hum id , ▁warm ▁summer . ▁The ▁climate ▁is ▁cold , ▁wet ▁and ▁very ▁cloud y , ▁with ▁high ▁ra inf all . ▁ ▁Tem per atures ▁generally ▁fall ▁below ▁free zing ▁at ▁night . ▁ ▁E col ogy ▁ ▁The ▁Cord ill era ▁Central ▁p á ram o ▁e cor eg ion ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁ne otrop ical ▁real m , ▁in ▁the ▁mont ane ▁grass lands ▁and ▁shr ub lands ▁bi ome . ▁The ▁wet ▁shr ub lands ▁are ▁the ▁most ▁southern ▁group ▁of ▁p á ram os ▁in ▁the ▁Ne otrop ical ▁real m . ▁The ▁great ▁Hu anc ab amba ▁De |
pression ▁lies ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁e cor eg ion , ▁a ▁bar rier ▁that ▁prevents ▁fl ora ▁and ▁fa una ▁from ▁migr ating ▁between ▁the ▁north ▁and ▁south ▁And es ▁mountains . ▁ ▁The ▁e cor eg ion ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Northern ▁And e an ▁P á ram o ▁global ▁e cor eg ion , ▁which ▁includes ▁the ▁Cord ill era ▁Central ▁p á ram o , ▁Santa ▁Mart a ▁p á ram o , ▁Cord ill era ▁de ▁Mer ida ▁p á ram o ▁and ▁Northern ▁And e an ▁p á ram o ▁terrest rial ▁e cor eg ions . ▁The ▁plants ▁and ▁animals ▁are ▁adapted ▁to ▁the ▁cold , ▁dry ▁conditions ▁of ▁the ▁high ▁pe aks . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁high ▁level ▁of ▁local ▁en dem ism , ▁particularly ▁on ▁the ▁more ▁isolated ▁pe aks . ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁Cord ill era ▁Central ▁p á ram o ▁has ▁been ▁identified ▁as ▁a ▁hot spot , ▁a ▁threatened ▁area ▁with ▁a ▁high ▁level ▁of ▁en dem ism . ▁ ▁Other ▁hot sp ots ▁in ▁Peru ▁include ▁the ▁Mar añ ón ▁dry ▁for ests , ▁central ▁Per uv ian ▁Y ung as ▁and ▁central ▁And e an ▁p una . ▁ ▁Flora ▁ ▁Veg et ation ▁includes ▁t us sock ▁grass es ▁and ▁c ush ion ▁plants , ▁shr ubs ▁and ▁sed ges , ▁often ▁with ▁an ▁under - layer ▁of ▁l ich ens ▁and ▁m oss . ▁The ▁lower ▁levels ▁of ▁p á ram o ▁merge ▁into ▁d war |
f ▁trans itional ▁forest ▁and ▁mont ane ▁cloud ▁forest . ▁The ▁characteristic ▁veget ation ▁consists ▁of ▁plants ▁of ▁the ▁gener a ▁Cal am ag rost is , ▁Ag rost is ▁and ▁Hyper icum , ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁shr ubs ▁of ▁gener a ▁such ▁as ▁Pol yle pis ▁and ▁Esc all onia . ▁The ▁isolated ▁position ▁of ▁the ▁p á ram os ▁has ▁resulted ▁in ▁high ▁levels ▁of ▁en dem ism ▁among ▁the ▁diverse ▁plant ▁species . ▁There ▁are ▁ 3 0 0 ▁gener a ▁of ▁s per mat oph y tes ▁with ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 – 1 , 5 0 0 ▁species , ▁of ▁which ▁about ▁ 6 0 % ▁are ▁en demic . ▁Notable ▁species ▁of ▁fl ora ▁include ▁Cin ch ona ▁offic inal is ▁and ▁Sch m ard ae a ▁micro ph yl la . ▁ ▁Fa una ▁ ▁The ▁fa una ▁of ▁the ▁plate au ▁include ▁species ▁that ▁origin ated ▁from ▁the ▁Amazon ▁bas in , ▁from ▁the ▁tropical ▁And es ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁northern ▁desert ▁areas . ▁M amm als ▁include ▁mountain ▁tap ir ▁( T ap irus ▁pin cha que ), ▁little ▁red ▁bro cket ▁( M az ama ▁r uf ina ), ▁spect ac led ▁bear ▁( T rem arct os ▁orn atus ), ▁northern ▁p ud ú ▁( P ud u ▁me ph ist oph iles ) ▁and ▁small - eared ▁sh rew s ▁( gen us ▁C rypt ot is ). ▁The ▁mountain ▁tap ir ▁( T ap irus ▁pin cha que |
) ▁is ▁end anger ed . ▁The ▁e cor eg ion ▁has ▁three ▁en demic ▁bird ▁species . ▁End anger ed ▁birds ▁include ▁the ▁be arded ▁gu an ▁( P en el ope ▁bar b ata ) ▁and ▁red - fac ed ▁par rot ▁( H ap al ops itt aca ▁p yr rh ops ). ▁The ▁r uf ous - bre asted ▁war bling ▁fin ch ▁( Po osp iza ▁rub ec ula ) ▁is ▁also ▁end anger ed . ▁ ▁Other ▁fa una ▁include ▁the ▁Hu anc ab amba ▁wh or lt ail ▁l izard ▁( S ten oc erc us ▁hu anc ab amb ae ), ▁the ▁fro gs ▁Ast ro the ca ▁g ale ata , ▁Gast ro the ca ▁late on ata , ▁Lyn ch ius ▁par ker i , ▁Gast ro the ca ▁ne bul an ast es ▁and ▁genus ▁Ele uther od act yl us ▁and ▁but ter f lies ▁of ▁the ▁gener a ▁D ism orph ia , ▁P agy ris ▁and ▁Vel ady ris . ▁End anger ed ▁am ph ib ians ▁include ▁At el opus ▁per u ensis , ▁Hy lo x alus ▁el ach y h ist us , ▁Lyn ch ius ▁par ker i , ▁Pr ist im ant is ▁sim ons ii , ▁Tel mat ob ius ▁bre v ipes , ▁Tel mat ob ius ▁deg ener ▁and ▁Tel mat ob ius ▁th om ps oni . ▁ ▁Status ▁ ▁The ▁World ▁Wild life ▁Fund ▁gives ▁the ▁e cor eg |
ion ▁the ▁status ▁" Rel atively ▁St able / Int act ". ▁The ▁e cor eg ion ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁by ▁humans ▁for ▁many ▁years , ▁with ▁many ▁settlement s ▁and ▁high ways ▁crossing ▁the ▁plate au , ▁but ▁is ▁still ▁fairly ▁int act , ▁ ▁A ▁recent ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁human ▁population ▁and ▁increase ▁in ▁agricult ure ▁is ▁destroy ing ▁the ▁habitat ▁around ▁settlement s . ▁Over gra zing ▁by ▁liv est ock ▁is ▁causing ▁er os ion ▁of ▁the ▁soil . ▁M ining ▁waste ▁sometimes ▁cont amin ates ▁the ▁rivers . ▁Prote cted ▁areas ▁include ▁the ▁Pod oc arp us ▁National ▁Park . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : Ne otrop ic ▁e cor eg ions ▁Category : E cor eg ions ▁of ▁Peru ▁Category : E cor eg ions ▁of ▁E cuador ▁Category : P á ram os <0x0A> </s> ▁Islam ic ▁Association ▁of ▁Engine ers ▁of ▁Iran ▁() ▁is ▁an ▁Iran ian ▁political ▁party ▁of ▁engine ers ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁Council ▁for ▁Co ordin ating ▁the ▁Re forms ▁Front . ▁ ▁Party ▁leaders ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Re form ist ▁political ▁groups ▁in ▁Iran ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Iran ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Category : Engine ering ▁organizations <0x0A> </s> ▁Stephen ▁B . ▁Hob bs ▁( born ▁November ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 5 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁American ▁football ▁wide ▁receiver . ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁National |
▁Football ▁League ▁for ▁the ▁Washington ▁Red sk ins . ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁season ▁was ▁his ▁only ▁complete ▁season ; ▁inj uries ▁s idel ined ▁him ▁during ▁port ions ▁of ▁his ▁other ▁playing ▁years . ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁North ▁Alabama . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁M enden hall , ▁Mississippi ▁Category : American ▁football ▁wide ▁rece ivers ▁Category : N orth ▁Alabama ▁L ions ▁football ▁players ▁Category : K ansas ▁City ▁Chief s ▁players ▁Category : W ashington ▁Red sk ins ▁players ▁Category : Super ▁Bowl ▁champions <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ins pect or ▁W ears ▁Sk ir ts ▁( , ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines ▁as ▁Lady ▁En for cer ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁mart ial ▁arts - action ▁comedy ▁produced ▁by ▁Jack ie ▁Chan , ▁directed ▁by ▁Well son ▁Ch in ▁Sing - W ai ▁and ▁st arring ▁Sib elle ▁Hu , ▁Ellen ▁Chan ▁and ▁Sand ra ▁Ng . ▁In ▁common ▁with ▁many ▁other ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁films ▁The ▁Ins pect or ▁W ears ▁Sk ir ts ▁moves ▁from ▁genre ▁to ▁genre . ▁ ▁Syn opsis ▁The ▁film ▁revol ves ▁around ▁a ▁crack ▁squad ▁of ▁female ▁police ▁officers ▁who ▁have ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁har ass ment ▁and ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁respect ▁from ▁their ▁male ▁colle agues , ▁personal ▁issues ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁some ▁serious ▁crim inals . ▁ ▁Cast ▁Sib elle ▁Hu ▁as ▁Mad |
am ▁Wu ▁C yn th ia ▁Roth rock ▁as ▁Mad am ▁Law ▁K ara ▁H ui ▁as ▁May ▁Ellen ▁Chan ▁as ▁Jean ▁Ann ▁Bridge water ▁as ▁Kar en ▁C ind y ▁La i ▁Sand ra ▁Ng ▁as ▁Amy ▁Regin a ▁Kent ▁as ▁A ile en ▁Billy ▁Lau ▁Stanley ▁F ung ▁as ▁Chief ▁Kan ▁Alex ▁To ▁Michael ▁Ch ow ▁as ▁Peter ▁Jeff ▁Fal con ▁as ▁C au cas ian ▁Jew el ▁Th ief ▁Jo anna ▁Chan ▁Dennis ▁Chan ▁Mars ▁Anthony ▁Cap rio ▁Ken ▁Lo ▁Van essa ▁Chan ▁Bill ▁T ung ▁Sh ing ▁F ui - On ▁as ▁Jew el ▁th ief ▁Johnny ▁Che ung ▁D anny ▁Ch ow ▁Ben ny ▁La i ▁Rock y ▁La i ▁Lee ▁P oo i - L ing ▁La i ▁M ing - Si ▁Well son ▁Ch in ▁F ong ▁Y ue ▁La ai ▁Sing - G w ong ▁Lau ▁W ai - Man ▁Ch ung ▁P au - Y ung ▁Mai ▁Ke i ▁R icky ▁H ui ▁as ▁C ante en ▁Che f ▁Lee ▁Jun - Git ▁Chan ▁Tat - kw ong ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁Ins pect or ▁W ears ▁Sk ir ts ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁In ▁the ▁Philippines , ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁First ▁Films ▁as ▁Lady ▁En for cer ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁ ▁Se qu els ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁three ▁sequ els : ▁The ▁Ins pect or ▁W ears ▁Sk ir ts ▁ 2 ▁( |
1 9 8 9 ) ▁The ▁Ins pect or ▁W ears ▁Sk ir ts ▁ 3 ▁( 1 9 9 0 ) ▁The ▁Ins pect or ▁W ears ▁Sk ir ts ▁ 4 ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Love ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Film ▁Article ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 s ▁action ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁action ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : C anton ese - language ▁films ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁action ▁films ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 s ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 s ▁police ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁comedy ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁Joseph ▁Ign ace ▁Marie ▁Wel ter ▁( 6 ▁April ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁– ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Dutch ▁politician ▁and ▁diplom at ▁of ▁the ▁def unct ▁General ▁League ▁of ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁C auc uses ▁( AB R K ) ▁party ▁later ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁State ▁Party ▁( R K SP ), ▁the ▁Catholic ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁( K VP ) ▁and ▁founder ▁of ▁Catholic ▁National ▁Party ▁( K NP ) ▁before ▁rejo ining ▁the ▁Catholic ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁now ▁merged ▁into ▁the ▁Christian ▁Democratic ▁App e al ▁( CD A ) ▁party ▁and ▁non pro fit ▁director . ▁ ▁Wel ter ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁civil ▁servant ▁for ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁the |
▁Inter ior ▁from ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁until ▁October ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs ▁in ▁the ▁K edu ▁Res iden cy ▁and ▁P ek al ong an ▁in ▁the ▁Dutch ▁East ▁Ind ies ▁from ▁October ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁until ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁and ▁in ▁Bat avia ▁from ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁until ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁Wel ter ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs ▁in ▁The ▁H ague ▁from ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁until ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Dutch ▁East ▁Ind ies ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs ▁in ▁Bat avia ▁from ▁ ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁until ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 5 . ▁After ▁the ▁election ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁Wel ter ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs ▁in ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Col ijn ▁I , ▁taking ▁office ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 5 . ▁The ▁Cab inet ▁Col ijn ▁I ▁fell ▁just ▁ 3 ▁months ▁las te ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁a ▁dem ission ary ▁capacity ▁until ▁the ▁cabinet ▁formation ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁with ▁Wel ters ▁not ▁giving ▁a ▁cabinet ▁post ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁cabinet , ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Col ijn ▁I ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁De |
▁Ge er ▁I ▁on ▁ 8 ▁March ▁ 1 9 2 6 . ▁In ▁March ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁Wel ters ▁was ▁nominated ▁as ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁India , ▁serving ▁from ▁ 3 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁until ▁ 3 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁Wel ter ▁semi - ret ired ▁from ▁active ▁polit ic ▁and ▁became ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁public ▁sector ▁served ▁on ▁several ▁state ▁comm issions ▁and ▁coun c ils ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁the ▁government ▁( C ad ast re ▁Agency , ▁Statistics ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁the ▁Wel ter ▁Commission ) ▁and ▁as ▁an ▁diplom at ▁and ▁lo bb y ist ▁for ▁several ▁economic ▁deleg ations ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁the ▁government . ▁Wel ter ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁after ▁the ▁election ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁taking ▁office ▁on ▁ 8 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁Following ▁the ▁cabinet ▁formation ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁Wel ter ▁was ▁appointed ▁again ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs ▁in ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Col ijn ▁IV , ▁taking ▁office ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁The ▁Cab inet ▁Col ijn ▁IV ▁fell ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁a ▁dem ission ary ▁capacity ▁until ▁the ▁first ▁cabinet ▁formation ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁with ▁Wel ters ▁not ▁giving ▁a ▁cabinet ▁post ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁cabinet , ▁the |
▁Cab inet ▁Col ijn ▁IV ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Col ijn ▁V ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁On ▁ 2 5 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁just ▁three ▁days ▁later ▁Cab inet ▁Col ijn ▁V ▁was ▁dismiss ed ▁by ▁Queen ▁Wilhelm ina ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁a ▁dem ission ary ▁capacity ▁until ▁the ▁second ▁cabinet ▁formation ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁De ▁Ge er ▁II ▁with ▁Wel ter ▁again ▁appointed ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs , ▁taking ▁office ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁August ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁▁ ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁Naz i ▁Germany ▁inv aded ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁the ▁government ▁fled ▁to ▁London ▁to ▁escape ▁the ▁German ▁occupation . ▁The ▁Cab inet ▁De ▁Ge er ▁II ▁fell ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁after ▁a ▁conflict ▁between ▁Queen ▁Wilhelm ina ▁and ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁D irk ▁Jan ▁de ▁Ge er ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁a ▁dem ission ary ▁capacity ▁until ▁the ▁cabinet ▁formation ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Ger br andy ▁I ▁with ▁Wel ter ▁continu ing ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs ▁and ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Fin ance ▁dual ▁serving ▁in ▁both ▁positions , ▁taking ▁office ▁on ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁The ▁Cab inet ▁Ger br andy ▁I ▁fell ▁on ▁ 1 |
2 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁after ▁a ▁conflict ▁between ▁Queen ▁Wilhelm ina ▁and ▁Minister ▁of ▁Def ence ▁Ad ria an ▁D ij x ho orn ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁a ▁dem ission ary ▁capacity ▁until ▁the ▁cabinet ▁formation ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Ger br andy ▁II ▁with ▁Wel ter ▁continu ing ▁as ▁of ▁Minister ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs , ▁taking ▁office ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁On ▁ 1 7 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁Wel ter ▁and ▁Minister ▁of ▁Fin ance ▁and ▁Minister ▁of ▁Com merce , ▁Indust ry ▁and ▁Sh ipping ▁Max ▁Ste enberg he ▁res igned ▁after ▁disag ree ing ▁with ▁the ▁cabin ets ▁war ▁policies . ▁ ▁Dec or ations ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁▁ ▁Ch . J . I . M . ▁( Char les ) ▁Wel ter ▁Par lement ▁& ▁Polit iek ▁▁ ▁Ch . J . I . M . ▁Wel ter ▁( K VP ) ▁E er ste ▁K amer ▁der ▁St aten - Gener aal ▁ ▁| - ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 2 ▁death s ▁Category : C atholic ▁National ▁Party ▁polit icians ▁Category : C atholic ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁polit icians ▁Category : C ult ural ▁critics ▁Category : Del ft ▁University ▁of ▁Technology ▁al umn i ▁Category : D utch ▁critics ▁Category : D utch ▁exp atri ates |
▁in ▁England ▁Category : D utch ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁Indones ia ▁Category : D utch ▁lo bb y ists ▁Category : D utch ▁non pro fit ▁direct ors ▁Category : D utch ▁people ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : D utch ▁political ▁comment ators ▁Category : D utch ▁political ▁party ▁found ers ▁Category : D utch ▁Trad itional ist ▁C athol ics ▁Category : D utch ▁Roman ▁C athol ics ▁Category : General ▁League ▁of ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁C auc uses ▁polit icians ▁Category : Gr and ▁Offic ers ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Orange - N ass au ▁Category : K n ights ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Lion ▁Category : L ead ers ▁of ▁political ▁parties ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁( N ether lands ) ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁( N ether lands ) ▁Category : Min ister s ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Affairs ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : Min ister s ▁of ▁Fin ance ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : Part y ▁ch airs ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁The ▁H ague ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁State ▁Party ▁polit icians ▁Category : So cial ▁critics ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Dutch ▁civil ▁servants ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Dutch ▁diplom ats ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Dutch ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 8 ▁international ▁cr icket ▁season ▁was ▁from ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 |
7 ▁to ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁ ▁Season ▁over view ▁ ▁October ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Cr icket ▁World ▁Cup ▁ ▁November ▁ ▁England ▁in ▁Pakistan ▁ ▁West ▁Ind ies ▁in ▁India ▁ ▁December ▁ ▁New ▁Zealand ▁in ▁Australia ▁ ▁January ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 8 ▁B enson ▁& ▁Hed ges ▁World ▁Series ▁ ▁England ▁in ▁Australia ▁ ▁February ▁ ▁England ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ▁ ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁in ▁Australia ▁ ▁March ▁ ▁Pakistan ▁in ▁West ▁Ind ies ▁▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Sh ar j ah ▁Cup ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁in ▁cr icket ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁in ▁cr icket <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁Mobile ▁Love ▁Story ▁( Sim pl ified ▁Chinese : ▁ <0xE7> <0x88> <0xB1> 情 <0xE5> <0x8D> <0xA0> 线 ; ▁p iny in : ▁A i ▁Q ing ▁Z han ▁X ian ) ▁is ▁a ▁twenty - one ▁episode ▁Chinese ▁Rom ance ▁Id ol ▁drama ▁st arring ▁Taiwan ese ▁heart th rob ▁Wal lace ▁Hu o ▁and ▁main land ▁singer - act ress ▁Han ▁X ue ▁with ▁Singapore ▁super st ars ▁Christopher ▁Lee ▁and ▁Y v onne ▁Lim . ▁This ▁series ▁is ▁a ▁collaboration ▁between ▁China ▁Central ▁Television ▁and ▁Singapore ' s ▁Media cor p ▁Network . ▁ ▁Main ▁cast ▁ ▁Wal lace ▁Hu o ▁as ▁Lu ▁Y un ▁Fe i ▁ <0xE9> <0x99> <0x86> 云 <0xE9> <0xA3> <0x9E> ▁ ▁Han ▁X ue ▁as ▁Mu ▁Bei ▁Bei ▁ <0xE6> <0x85> <0x95> 北 北 ▁ |
▁Christopher ▁Lee ▁as ▁Lin ▁Li ▁Zh ong ▁ 林 立 中 ▁ ▁Lu o ▁Sh an ▁Sh an ▁as ▁You ▁Li ▁ <0xE5> <0xB0> <0xA4> <0xE8> <0x8E> <0x89> ▁ ▁Y v onne ▁Lim ▁( Sing ap ore an ▁actress ) ▁as ▁Su ▁Fe i ▁ ▁Story ▁Mu ▁Be ib ei ▁( H an ▁X ue ) ▁is ▁a ▁market ing ▁student ▁who ▁asp ires ▁to ▁work ▁for ▁a ▁large ▁market ing ▁ag ency ▁called ▁Star ▁River ; ▁mean while , ▁she ▁is ▁supporting ▁her ▁tu ition ▁and ▁her ▁mother ' s ▁medical ▁b ills ▁by ▁working ▁part - time ▁as ▁a ▁local ▁small - town ▁tour ▁guide . ▁During ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁assign ments , ▁she ▁meets ▁Lin ▁L iz h ong ▁( Christ opher ▁Lee ), ▁a ▁rich ▁play boy ▁from ▁Singapore , ▁whom ▁she ▁mistakes ▁as ▁a ▁client . ▁It ▁is ▁only ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁tour ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁revealed ▁that ▁L iz h ong ▁has ▁only ▁been ▁pos ing ▁as ▁Be ib ei ' s ▁client . ▁When ▁L iz h ong ▁lear ns ▁that ▁Be ib ei ▁has ▁not ▁only ▁lost ▁her ▁job ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁identity ▁mix - up , ▁but ▁also ▁lost ▁her ▁only ▁means ▁of ▁financial ▁support , ▁he ▁tries ▁to ▁repair ▁the ▁damage ▁by ▁becoming ▁Be ib ei ' s ▁friend . ▁ ▁Lu ▁Y un fe i ▁( W al lace ▁Hu o ) ▁is ▁an ▁up - and - coming ▁star ▁in ▁the ▁advert ising ▁industry ▁who ▁has |
▁just ▁started ▁a ▁market ing ▁firm ▁with ▁a ▁friend ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁nominated ▁for ▁an ▁award ▁for ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁projects . ▁His ▁long - time ▁girl friend , ▁Su ▁Fe i ▁( Y v onne ▁Lim ) ▁has ▁just ▁returned ▁to ▁Shang hai ▁after ▁working ▁abroad ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁doctor . ▁Y un fe i ▁propos es ▁to ▁Su ▁Fe i . ▁On ▁their ▁wed ding ▁day , ▁Su ▁Fe i ▁in exp lic ably ▁leaves ▁him . ▁Y un fe i ▁tries ▁to ▁find ▁Su ▁Fe i ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁several ▁days , ▁but ▁she ▁ref uses ▁to ▁respond ▁to ▁his ▁phone ▁calls ▁or ▁S MS es . ▁Finally , ▁after ▁text ing ▁a ▁fare well ▁message , ▁Su ▁Fe i ▁leaves ▁her ▁mobile ▁phone ▁behind ▁and ▁leaves ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁Su ▁Fe i ' s ▁mobile ▁phone ▁is ▁picked ▁up ▁by ▁Mu ▁Be ib ei . ▁Initial ly ▁Be ib ei ▁tries ▁to ▁help ▁the ▁sender ▁find ▁his ▁girl friend , ▁even ▁though ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁know ▁him . ▁His ▁touch ing ▁S MS es ▁impress es ▁Be ib ei . ▁Over ▁time , ▁they ▁begin ▁to ▁communicate ▁through ▁text ▁messages , ▁and ▁become ▁virtual ▁friends . ▁Be ib ei ▁encourag es ▁Y un fe i ▁to ▁start ▁his ▁life ▁over , ▁and ▁Y un fe i ▁provides ▁Be ib ei ▁with ▁moral ▁support ▁as ▁she ▁emb arks ▁on ▁the ▁next ▁stage ▁of ▁her ▁life . ▁ ▁A ▁year ▁later , ▁Be ib ei ▁gradu ates ▁from |
▁school ▁and ▁looks ▁for ▁a ▁job . ▁By ▁chance ▁she ▁is ▁h ired ▁to ▁work ▁for ▁Y un fe i , ▁who ▁behav es ▁ins ens it ively ▁towards ▁his ▁employees , ▁and ▁never ▁fails ▁to ▁express ▁his ▁disappoint ment ▁public ly ▁when ▁his ▁employees ▁do ▁not ▁meet ▁his ▁expect ations . ▁Ne ither ▁Be ib ei ▁nor ▁Y un fe i ▁realize ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁friends ▁in ▁the ▁online ▁world . ▁Over ▁time , ▁Y un fe i ▁begins ▁to ▁appreciate ▁Be ib ei ' s ▁ten acity , ▁and ▁respect ▁the ▁talent ▁and ▁potential ▁in ▁her . ▁He ▁dec ides ▁to ▁take ▁Be ib ei ▁under ▁his ▁wings . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁Be ib ei ▁begins ▁to ▁see ▁that ▁beneath ▁Y un fe i ' s ▁ icy ▁exterior ▁be ats ▁a ▁warm ▁heart . ▁ ▁Lin ▁L iz h ong ▁continues ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁win ▁Be ib ei ' s ▁aff e ctions , ▁but ▁soon ▁finds ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁caught ▁in ▁a ▁love ▁triangle ▁with ▁Be ib ei ▁and ▁Y un fe i , ▁when ▁Be ib ei ▁lear ns ▁that ▁Y un fe i , ▁her ▁ment or ▁and ▁b oss ▁in ▁real ▁life , ▁is ▁also ▁her ▁good ▁friend ▁in ▁the ▁virtual ▁world , ▁with ▁whom ▁she ▁has ▁fallen ▁in ▁love . ▁Y un fe i , ▁too , ▁has ▁unw itting ly ▁fallen ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁Be ib ei , ▁and ▁lear ns ▁of ▁Be ib ei ' s ▁online ▁identity , ▁but ▁his |
▁ex - g irl friend , ▁Su ▁Fe i , ▁returns , ▁suffering ▁from ▁a ▁rapidly ▁progress ing ▁terminal ▁ill ness . ▁Y un fe i ▁must ▁choose ▁between ▁being ▁with ▁the ▁woman ▁he ▁now ▁lov es , ▁or ▁doing ▁the ▁right ▁thing . ▁Be ib ei ▁dec ides ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁choice ▁easier ▁for ▁Y un fe i ▁by ▁leaving ▁Shang hai ▁for ▁Singapore ▁with ▁L iz h ong . ▁ ▁Before ▁Be ib ei ▁leaves , ▁Y un fe i ▁asks ▁Be ib ei ▁if ▁they ▁can ▁go ▁on ▁being ▁friends ▁through ▁S MS , ▁as ▁they ▁once ▁used ▁to ▁be . ▁In ▁response , ▁Be ib ei ▁sends ▁a ▁chain ▁text ▁message ▁to ▁an ▁unknown ▁number ▁saying ▁that ▁if ▁anyone ▁receives ▁that ▁message , ▁they ▁must ▁send ▁it ▁to ▁someone ▁whom ▁they ▁care ▁about . ▁Be ib ei ▁tells ▁Y un fe i ▁that ▁she ▁will ▁grant ▁him ▁another ▁chance ▁on ▁one ▁condition : ▁this ▁same ▁text ▁message ▁must ▁eventually ▁come ▁back ▁to ▁Be ib ei ▁within ▁two ▁years ... ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Site ▁- ▁S ina ▁ ▁Tra iler ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁Chinese ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : Sing ap ore ▁Chinese ▁dram as ▁Category : Ch inese ▁rom ance ▁television ▁series ▁ ▁Category : M and arin - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : Ch ina ▁Central ▁Television ▁shows <0x0A> </s> ▁Sydney ▁South ▁West ▁Area ▁Health ▁Service , ▁abbre vi ated ▁SS WA HS ▁and ▁known ▁by ▁the ▁corpor ate ▁name ▁Sydney |
▁South ▁West ▁Health , ▁was ▁an ▁area ▁health ▁service ▁charged ▁with ▁the ▁provision ▁of ▁public ▁health ▁services ▁in ▁central ▁and ▁south - western ▁Sydney . ▁It ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁from ▁the ▁am alg am ation ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁Central ▁Sydney ▁Area ▁Health ▁Service ▁and ▁the ▁South ▁Western ▁Sydney ▁Area ▁Health ▁Service . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁stat ut ory ▁body ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁Government , ▁ ▁operating ▁under ▁the ▁NS W ▁Department ▁of ▁Health . ▁ ▁The ▁head ▁office ▁of ▁SS WA HS ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁Liverpool . ▁It ▁was ▁dis band ed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Health ▁Reform ▁and ▁creation ▁of ▁Local ▁Hospital ▁Network s , ▁and ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Sydney ▁Local ▁Health ▁District ▁and ▁South ▁Western ▁Sydney ▁Local ▁Health ▁District . ▁ ▁Major ▁facilities ▁ ▁Eastern ▁Zone ▁The ▁Eastern ▁Zone ▁of ▁SS WA HS ▁compr ised ▁the ▁facilities ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁Central ▁Sydney ▁Area ▁Health ▁Service . ▁Major ▁facilities ▁in ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Zone ▁were : ▁Can ter bury ▁Hospital , ▁Can ter bury ▁Con cord ▁Re pat ri ation ▁General ▁Hospital , ▁Con cord ▁Royal ▁Prince ▁Alfred ▁Hospital , ▁Cam per down ▁Con cord ▁Centre ▁for ▁M ental ▁Health , ▁Con cord ▁( S yd ney ▁South ▁West ▁Area ▁M ental ▁Health ▁Service ) ▁Sydney ▁D ental ▁Hospital , ▁Sur ry ▁Hills ▁Bal main ▁Hospital , ▁Bal main ▁ ▁Western ▁Zone ▁The ▁Western ▁Zone ▁of ▁SS WA HS ▁compr ised ▁the ▁facilities ▁of ▁the |
▁former ▁South ▁Western ▁Sydney ▁Area ▁Health ▁Service . ▁Major ▁facilities ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁Zone ▁were : ▁Bank st own ▁L id com be ▁Hospital , ▁Bank st own ▁Cam den ▁Hospital , ▁Cam den ▁Camp b ellt own ▁Hospital , ▁Camp b ellt own ▁Fair field ▁Hospital , ▁Fair field ▁Liverpool ▁Hospital , ▁Liverpool ▁Bow ral ▁Hospital , ▁Bow ral ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁hosp it als ▁in ▁Australia ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Sydney ▁South ▁West ▁Area ▁Health ▁Service ▁website ▁Sydney ▁Local ▁Health ▁District ▁website ▁South ▁Western ▁Sydney ▁Local ▁Health ▁District ▁website ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : G overn ment ▁ag encies ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁Category : He alth care ▁in ▁Sydney <0x0A> </s> ▁My ▁Heart ▁is ▁the ▁ 2 9 th ▁and ▁final ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁Dor is ▁Day , ▁released ▁on ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁the ▁album ▁entered ▁the ▁UK ▁chart ▁at ▁number ▁nine , ▁making ▁Dor is ▁Day , ▁at ▁age ▁ 8 9 , ▁the ▁oldest ▁artist ▁to ▁score ▁a ▁UK ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁with ▁an ▁album ▁featuring ▁new ▁material . ▁ ▁E ight ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁are ▁new ▁releases , ▁with ▁three ▁of ▁them ▁written ▁by ▁Day ' s ▁son ▁Terry ▁Mel cher , ▁and ▁Bruce ▁John ston . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁on ▁this ▁collection ▁were ▁recorded ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 8 0 s ▁for ▁her ▁Dor is ▁Day ' s ▁Best ▁Fri ends ▁television ▁show |
. ▁The ▁songs ▁were ▁meant ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁background ▁music ▁for ▁segments ▁featuring ▁Dor is ▁and ▁the ▁animals . ▁When ▁the ▁original ▁record ings ▁were ▁retrieved , ▁it ▁was ▁decided ▁that ▁they ▁should ▁be ▁released ▁after ▁being ▁rem ixed ▁for ▁superior ▁sound ▁quality . ▁ ▁" My ▁One ▁and ▁Only ▁Love " ▁had ▁been ▁issued ▁on ▁Day ' s ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁album ▁with ▁André ▁Pre vin , ▁Du et , ▁" Life ▁Is ▁Just ▁a ▁Bowl ▁of ▁Cher ries " ▁had ▁been ▁issued ▁on ▁The ▁Love ▁Album ▁( 1 9 9 4 ), ▁" My ▁Bud dy " ▁had ▁been ▁issued ▁on ▁I ' ll ▁See ▁You ▁in ▁My ▁Dream s ▁( 1 9 5 1 ) ▁and ▁" Oh io " ▁was ▁issued ▁first ▁on ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁Show ▁Time . ▁ ▁The ▁track ▁" My ▁Heart " ▁was ▁first ▁heard ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁P BS ▁special ▁Dor is ▁Day : ▁A ▁Sent iment al ▁J our ney . ▁It ▁played ▁over ▁the ▁closing ▁cred its ▁as ▁Dor is ▁was ▁seen ▁walking ▁with ▁her ▁grand son ▁on ▁the ▁beach . ▁ ▁My ▁Heart ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁It ▁was ▁Day ' s ▁first ▁entry ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁ 2 0 0 ▁albums ▁chart ▁in ▁ 4 7 ▁years , ▁debut ing ▁at ▁# 1 3 5 . ▁The ▁U . S . ▁release ▁includes ▁an ▁exclusive ▁bonus |
▁track , ▁Ste w ball , ▁a ▁folk ▁song ▁about ▁a ▁race hor se . ▁Dor is ▁selected ▁this ▁song ▁personally ▁for ▁States ide ▁listen ers . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁du et ▁with ▁her ▁late ▁son , ▁Terry ▁Mel cher . ▁The ▁CD ▁also ▁includes ▁a ▁song ▁" H appy ▁End ings " ▁with ▁an ▁introduction ▁by ▁Dor is ▁Day , ▁but ▁with ▁the ▁main ▁vocal ▁s ung ▁by ▁Mel cher . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁" H ur ry , ▁It ' s ▁Lov ely ▁Up ▁Here " ▁( Al an ▁Jay ▁L erner , ▁Bur ton ▁Lane ) ▁– ▁ 2 : 1 6 ▁ ▁" Day d ream " ▁( John ▁Sebastian ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 1 7 ▁ ▁" The ▁Way ▁I ▁Dream ed ▁It " ▁( B ru ce ▁John ston , ▁Terry ▁Mel cher ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 2 6 ▁ ▁" He aven ▁Ton ight " ▁( B ru ce ▁John ston ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 2 3 ▁ ▁" My ▁One ▁and ▁Only ▁Love " ▁( G uy ▁Wood , ▁Robert ▁M ell in ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 3 9 ▁ ▁" My ▁Heart " ▁( B ru ce ▁John ston , ▁Terry ▁Mel cher ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 2 5 ▁ ▁" You ▁Are ▁So ▁Beautiful " ▁( B illy ▁Pr eston , ▁Bruce ▁Fish er ) ▁– ▁ 2 : 2 4 ▁ ▁" Life ▁Is ▁Just ▁a ▁Bowl ▁of ▁Cher ries " ▁( R ay ▁Hend erson |
, ▁Lew ▁Brown ) ▁– ▁ 2 : 5 5 ▁ ▁" Dis ney ▁Girls " ▁( B ru ce ▁John ston ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 2 ▁ ▁" Ste w ball " ▁( on ▁US ▁release ▁only ) ▁( Tr ad itional , ▁arranged ▁by ▁Terry ▁Mel cher ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 8 ▁ ▁" My ▁Bud dy " ▁( W alter ▁Donald son , ▁G us ▁K ahn ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 1 2 ▁ ▁" H appy ▁End ings " ▁( B ru ce ▁John ston , ▁Terry ▁Mel cher ) ▁( intro ▁by ▁Dor is ▁Day , ▁s ung ▁by ▁Terry ▁Mel cher ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 2 6 ▁ ▁" Oh io " ▁( B et ty ▁Com den , ▁Ad olph ▁Green , ▁Leonard ▁Bern stein ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 0 4 ▁ ▁Mus icians ▁ ▁T roy ▁Luc cket ta ▁– ▁drums ▁James ▁Baker ▁– ▁piano ▁Bob ▁Mar in elli ▁– ▁bass ▁guitar ▁James ▁Scott ▁– ▁guitar ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Terry ▁Mel cher ▁Category : D oris ▁Day ▁albums ▁Category : S ony ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Kur att isser y ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁A la pp uz ha ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁Ker ala . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁India ▁census , ▁Kur att isser y ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ |
1 2 2 5 6 ▁with ▁ 5 8 7 7 ▁males ▁and ▁ 6 3 7 9 ▁females . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁A la pp uz ha ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁Study ▁of ▁Red ▁Pope ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁ 2 nd ▁version ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁painting ▁by ▁Francis ▁Ba con . ▁It ▁failed ▁to ▁sell ▁at ▁au ction ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁with ▁an ▁estimate ▁of ▁£ 6 0 - 8 0 ▁million . ▁It ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁on ▁public ▁display ▁for ▁ 4 5 ▁years ▁until ▁view ings ▁for ▁its ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁au ction . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁re inter pret ation ▁of ▁his ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁painting ▁Study ▁from ▁In noc ent ▁X . ▁Ba con ' s ▁lo ver ▁George ▁D yer ▁is ▁port rayed ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁painting . ▁The ▁work ▁was ▁shown ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁ret ros pective ▁of ▁Ba con ' s ▁work ▁at ▁the ▁Grand ▁Pal ais . ▁ ▁The ▁ju xt ap osition ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁figures ▁has ▁been ▁li ken ed ▁to ▁a ▁dev ot ional ▁di pty ch , ▁Christ ie ' s ▁described ▁as ▁" icons ▁of ▁the ▁spirit ▁and ▁the ▁flesh ▁— ▁the ▁sacred ▁and ▁prof ane ". ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 1 ▁paint ings ▁Category : Paint ings ▁by ▁Francis ▁Ba con ▁Category |
: Port ra its ▁of ▁pop es <0x0A> </s> ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁& ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁were ▁an ▁American ▁fun k ▁and ▁soul ▁band ▁signed ▁to ▁D apt one ▁Records . ▁They ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁rev ival ist ▁movement ▁recre ating ▁mid - 1 9 6 0 s ▁to ▁mid - 1 9 7 0 s ▁style ▁fun k ▁and ▁soul ▁music . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁band ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Gram my , ▁in ▁the ▁category ▁Best ▁R & B ▁Album ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁for ▁Give ▁the ▁People ▁What ▁They ▁W ant . ▁▁ ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁died ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁with ▁the ▁band ▁re le asing ▁the ▁post hum ous ▁final ▁album ▁Soul ▁of ▁a ▁Woman ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁Her ▁backing ▁band ▁have ▁since ▁performed ▁together ▁live ▁and ▁worked ▁with ▁other ▁artists . ▁ ▁Des co : ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁In ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 9 0 s , ▁Philip ▁Le h man ▁and ▁Gabriel ▁Roth ▁( aka ▁Bos co ▁Mann ) ▁founded ▁a ▁band ▁called ▁the ▁Soul ▁Pro viders , ▁and ▁began ▁recording ▁an ▁album ▁of ▁James ▁Brown - in sp ired ▁instrument als ▁and ▁vocal ▁collabor ations ▁with ▁deep ▁fun k ▁recording ▁artist ▁Lee ▁Field s . ▁After ▁hearing ▁Sh aron ▁Jones , ▁a ▁former ▁corre ctions ▁officer ▁turned ▁singer , ▁record ▁backing ▁vocals ▁for ▁a ▁Field s ▁track , ▁Le h man ▁and ▁Roth ▁recorded ▁a ▁solo ▁track ▁of |
▁Jones ▁singing ▁" Switch bla de ", ▁a ▁song ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁intended ▁for ▁a ▁man ' s ▁voice . ▁This ▁track ▁along ▁with ▁another ▁Jones ▁solo , ▁" The ▁Land l ord ", ▁were ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁Soul ▁Pro viders ▁debut ▁album ▁Soul ▁T equ ila , ▁released ▁in ▁about ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁on ▁the ▁now - def unct ▁French ▁label ▁P ure ▁Records . ▁▁ ▁Le h man ▁and ▁Roth ▁then ▁started ▁a ▁new ▁label ▁in ▁Brook lyn , ▁New ▁York ▁called ▁Des co ▁Records , ▁with ▁a ▁studio ▁and ▁distribution ▁office ▁in ▁the ▁bas ement ▁of ▁the ▁Des co ▁vac u um ▁cleaner ▁store ▁on ▁West ▁ 4 1 st ▁Street . ▁They ▁re iss ued ▁Soul ▁T equ ila ▁as ▁a ▁vin yl - only ▁LP ▁and ▁renamed ▁G im me ▁the ▁P aw , ▁and ▁included ▁only ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Jones ▁collabor ations , ▁" Switch bla de ". ▁ ▁Des co ▁show c ased ▁its ▁artists ▁with ▁rev ue - style ▁shows ▁and ▁released ▁their ▁music ▁on ▁vin yl ▁ 4 5 - r pm ▁records . ▁Jones , ▁back ed ▁by ▁the ▁Soul ▁Pro viders ▁who ▁had ▁become ▁the ▁Des co ▁house ▁band , ▁released ▁three ▁ 4 5 s ▁for ▁the ▁label . ▁Rec ording ▁dates ▁were ▁deliber ately ▁omitted ▁from ▁the ▁labels ▁and ▁the ▁records ▁were ▁often ▁market ed ▁as ▁being ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁Two ▁other ▁Soul ▁Pro viders ▁albums ▁were ▁released , ▁an ▁instrument |
al ▁sound track ▁to ▁a ▁Sam ▁L ung ▁k ung - fu ▁film , ▁The ▁Re ven ge ▁of ▁Mr ▁M opo ji , ▁cred ited ▁to ▁Mike ▁Jackson ▁and ▁the ▁Soul ▁Pro viders , ▁and ▁a ▁solo ▁album ▁by ▁Lee ▁Field s , ▁Let ' s ▁Get ▁a ▁Gro ove ▁On , ▁for ▁which ▁the ▁Soul ▁Pro viders ▁provided ▁the ▁backing . ▁ ▁D apt one : ▁a ▁new ▁label ▁and ▁the ▁birth ▁of ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Le h man ▁and ▁Roth ▁decided ▁to ▁part ▁ways , ▁and ▁the ▁Soul ▁Pro viders ▁dis band ed . ▁Le h man ▁set ▁up ▁Soul ▁Fire ▁Records ; ▁Roth ▁started ▁D apt one ▁Records ▁with ▁Sug ar man ▁ 3 ▁sa x oph on ist ▁Ne al ▁Sug ar man . ▁ ▁A ▁new ▁group , ▁the ▁D ap - K ings , ▁was ▁formed , ▁consisting ▁of ▁label ▁own ers ▁Roth ▁on ▁bass ▁and ▁Ne al ▁Sug ar man ▁on ▁sa x oph one , ▁plus ▁original ▁Soul ▁Pro viders : ▁guitar ist ▁B ink y ▁G ri pt ite , ▁organ ist ▁Earl ▁Ma xt on , ▁per cussion ist ▁Fernando ▁V ele z ▁and ▁tr ump eter ▁And a ▁Sz il agy i . ▁Jo ining ▁them ▁were ▁original ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁M ight y ▁Imperial s ▁whose ▁album , ▁Th under ▁Ch icken , ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁release ▁on ▁the ▁Des co ▁label : ▁ten or ▁sa x oph on ist |
▁Leon ▁Mich els ▁and ▁drum mer ▁H omer ▁Stein we iss . ▁ ▁The ▁band ▁secured ▁a ▁summer ▁res iden cy ▁at ▁The ▁Bo ite , ▁a ▁club ▁in ▁Barcelona , ▁Spain , ▁and ▁recorded ▁an ▁LP , ▁D ap ▁Di pp in ' ▁with ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁and ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁A ▁few ▁hundred ▁copies ▁were ▁pressed , ▁so ▁that ▁sales ▁during ▁the ▁res iden cy ▁would ▁provide ▁financial ▁support ▁for ▁what ▁would ▁have ▁otherwise ▁been ▁a ▁finan cially ▁dra ining ▁trip . ▁Prom ot ional ▁copies ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁fun k ▁DJ s ▁and ▁review ers , ▁and ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁officially ▁released ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁LP ▁and ▁CD ▁on ▁D apt one ▁Records ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁and ▁attract ed ▁an ▁enthus i astic ▁review ▁from ▁quarter ly ▁hip - h op ▁and ▁fun k ▁magazine ▁Big ▁D addy . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁album , ▁three ▁ 4 5 s ▁not ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁were ▁also ▁released : ▁" What ▁If ▁We ▁all ▁Sto pped ▁Pay ing ▁Tax es ", ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁just ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁E lection , ▁was ▁a ▁milit ant ▁anti - war ▁statement ▁den oun cing ▁the ▁Ira q ▁War . ▁" G enu ine ▁( parts ▁ 1 ▁& ▁ 2 " ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁hard ▁fun k ▁record . ▁Their ▁cover ▁of ▁" Just ▁Dro pped ▁In |
▁( To ▁See ▁What ▁Cond ition ▁My ▁Cond ition ▁Was ▁In )", ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁was ▁recorded ▁for ▁a ▁K FC ▁commercial ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁but ▁was ▁never ▁used . ▁ ▁Person nel ▁changes ▁About ▁this ▁time ▁Ma xt on ▁and ▁Sz il agy i ▁left ▁the ▁band ▁to ▁become ▁members ▁of ▁Ant ib al as , ▁a ▁New ▁York - based ▁af ro be at ▁band . ▁Trump eter ▁David ▁Guy ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁Thomas ▁B ren ne ck ▁joined ▁in ▁their ▁stead . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁the ▁D apt one ▁Rec ording ▁Studio , ▁ ▁with ▁a ▁six teen ▁track ▁analog ▁t ape ▁machine , ▁was ▁open ▁for ▁business . ▁The ▁band ▁intended ▁to ▁record ▁two ▁albums ▁back - to - back , ▁but ▁during ▁the ▁final ▁sessions ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁these ▁albums , ▁Roth ▁suffered ▁serious ▁eye ▁inj uries ▁in ▁a ▁car ▁crash , ▁and ▁only ▁one ▁LP ▁and ▁CD , ▁Natur ally , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁This ▁album ▁included ▁a ▁mix ▁of ▁both ▁soul ▁and ▁fun k ▁influ ences ; ▁the ▁production ▁and ▁recording ▁values ▁were ▁cr is per ▁than ▁the ▁slightly ▁d ull er ▁" scr atch y ▁ 4 5 " ▁sound ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁album . ▁The ▁band ▁emb ark ed ▁on ▁an ▁international ▁prom ot ional ▁tour . ▁ ▁Mich els ▁left ▁the ▁band ▁soon ▁after ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁Natur ally ▁to ▁help ▁start ▁a ▁new ▁label |
, ▁Tr uth ▁& ▁Soul ▁Records , ▁and ▁released ▁a ▁solo ▁LP ▁that ▁was ▁originally ▁intended ▁for ▁D apt one , ▁S ounding ▁Out ▁the ▁City , ▁cred ited ▁to ▁El ▁Mich els ▁Aff air . ▁When ▁Le h man ▁closed ▁the ▁Soul ▁Fire ▁label ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Bah am as , ▁the ▁back ▁catalog ▁of ▁Soul ▁Fire ▁was ▁handled ▁by ▁Tr uth ▁& ▁Soul ▁Records ▁who , ▁along ▁with ▁Soul ▁Fire , ▁used ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁artists ▁in ▁their ▁record ings , ▁including ▁Lee ▁Field s , ▁H omer ▁Stein we iss , ▁Thomas ▁B ren ne ck ▁and ▁Mich els ▁himself . ▁The ▁D ap - k ings ▁took ▁on ▁Ian ▁Hend rick son - Smith , ▁a ▁local ▁sa x oph one ▁player ▁who ▁had ▁released ▁several ▁jazz ▁albums ▁under ▁his ▁own ▁name . ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁band ▁recorded ▁a ▁third ▁studio ▁album , ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Days , ▁ 1 0 0 ▁N ights . ▁A ▁non - album ▁fun k - style ▁single , ▁" I ' m ▁Not ▁G onna ▁Cry ", ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁and ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁October ▁along ▁with ▁two ▁B ▁S ides ▁or ▁Bon us ▁Tra cks : ▁" S ett lin ' ▁In " ▁and ▁" The ▁Collection ▁Song ". ▁ ▁Further ▁albums ▁included ▁I ▁Lear ned ▁the ▁Hard ▁Way ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁Give ▁the ▁People ▁What ▁They ▁W ant |
▁( 2 0 1 4 ), ▁and ▁the ▁hol iday ▁release ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Hol iday ▁Soul ▁Party . ▁Also ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Jones ▁and ▁her ▁band ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁Hamilton , ▁Ontario ▁Super c raw l . ▁ ▁A ▁film ▁about ▁Jones ' ▁battle ▁with ▁pan cre atic ▁cancer ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁with ▁a ▁sound track ▁compilation . ▁Jones ▁died ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 6 0 . ▁No ▁specific ▁announ cement ▁has ▁been ▁made ▁regarding ▁the ▁band ' s ▁future ; ▁however , ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁have ▁subsequently ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁ 5 9 th ▁Ann ual ▁Gram my ▁Awards ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁and ▁were ▁the ▁house ▁band ▁for ▁Joe ' s ▁Pub ▁Pres ents : ▁A ▁Hol iday ▁Special ▁which ▁t aped ▁in ▁November , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Coll abor ations ▁Six ▁of ▁the ▁tracks ▁on ▁Amy ▁W ine house ' s ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁album ▁Back ▁to ▁Black ▁feature ▁various ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁D ap - K ings , ▁including ▁two ▁hits ▁from ▁the ▁album , ▁" Re hab " ▁and ▁" You ▁Know ▁I ' m ▁No ▁Good ". ▁Several ▁tracks ▁recorded ▁at ▁D apt one ▁Studios ▁are ▁mis - cred ited ▁as ▁" D ap king ▁Studios ". ▁Vari ous ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁band ▁feature ▁on ▁all ▁but ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁track ▁on |
▁Mark ▁R ons on ' s ▁second ▁album , ▁Version ▁( 2 0 0 7 ). ▁The ▁D ap - K ings ▁became ▁the ▁backing ▁band ▁for ▁Amy ▁W ine house ' s ▁first ▁U . S . ▁tour . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁worked ▁with ▁British ▁singer ▁Ben ▁West be ech ▁to ▁record ▁a ▁new ▁version ▁of ▁his ▁song ▁" So ▁Good ▁Today ". ▁ ▁Jones ▁l ends ▁her ▁vocals ▁on ▁one ▁song ▁" The ▁Way ▁We ▁L ived ", ▁on ▁W ax ▁T ail or ' s ▁second ▁album ▁Hope ▁& ▁Sor row , ▁released ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Jones ▁is ▁also ▁featured ▁on ▁releases ▁by ▁They ▁M ight ▁Be ▁Gi ants ▁( The ▁Else ) ▁and ▁R uf us ▁W ain w right ▁( Release ▁the ▁Stars ). ▁ ▁Jones ▁contributed ▁six ▁period ▁numbers ▁by ▁B ess ie ▁Smith ▁and ▁others ▁to ▁the ▁sound track ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁The ▁Great ▁Deb aters , ▁recorded ▁in ▁the ▁Ar dent ▁Studio ▁in ▁M emph is . ▁Jones ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁Ver ve ▁Records ▁Baby ▁Lov es ▁Jazz ▁books / CD s ▁and ▁has ▁had ▁character ▁books ▁published ▁by ▁P engu in ▁Books ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ▁series , ▁entitled ▁El la ▁the ▁Ele ph ant : ▁Sc ats ▁Like ▁That . ▁ ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁and ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁are ▁featured ▁on ▁Michael ▁B ub lé ' s ▁ 2 0 0 |
9 ▁album , ▁Cra zy ▁Love , ▁in ▁the ▁track ▁" B aby ▁( You ' ve ▁got ▁what ▁it ▁takes ) ". ▁In ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁and ▁David ▁Guy ▁appeared ▁with ▁Ph ish ▁for ▁their ▁musical ▁cost ume ▁at ▁Ph ish ' s ▁Festival ▁ 8 ▁in ▁Ind io ▁California , ▁where ▁they ▁covered ▁the ▁Rol ling ▁St ones ' ▁Ex ile ▁on ▁Main ▁St .. ▁ ▁The ▁D ap - K ings ▁horn ▁section ▁back ed ▁the ▁He avy ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁appearance ▁on ▁the ▁Late ▁Show ▁with ▁David ▁Let ter man , ▁and ▁they ▁appeared ▁with ▁Muse ▁on ▁Saturday ▁Night ▁Live ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁providing ▁support ▁during ▁their ▁performance ▁of ▁Pan ic ▁Station . ▁ ▁The ▁D ap - K ings ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁David ▁By r ne ▁and ▁St . ▁Vincent ▁collaboration ▁Love ▁This ▁Gi ant . ▁D ap - K ings ▁drum mer ▁H omer ▁Stein w ess ▁appears ▁on ▁St . ▁Vincent ' s ▁self - t itled ▁fifth ▁album . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁horn ▁section ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁the ▁Ant ib al as ▁horn ▁section , ▁Mark ▁R ons on , ▁and ▁Bruno ▁Mars ▁to ▁record ▁U pt own ▁F unk ▁and ▁other ▁tracks ▁from ▁Mark ▁R ons on ' s ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁album ▁U pt own ▁Special . ▁ ▁They |
▁also ▁performed ▁U pt own ▁F unk ▁together ▁on ▁Saturday ▁Night ▁Live ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁backing ▁band ▁for ▁country ▁music ian ▁St urg ill ▁Sim pson ' s ▁performance ▁of ▁his ▁song ▁" All ▁Ar ound ▁You " ▁at ▁the ▁ 5 9 th ▁Ann ual ▁Gram my ▁Awards . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁Horn s ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁K es ha ▁on ▁her ▁song ▁" W oman ", ▁from ▁her ▁album ▁Rain bow . ▁ ▁Use ▁in ▁advert is ements ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁& ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁were ▁featured ▁in ▁an ▁I ▁Love ▁NY ▁commercial ▁directed ▁by ▁Kurt ▁L ust g arten ▁and ▁set ▁to ▁their ▁cover ▁of ▁Wo ody ▁Gut hr ie ' s ▁" This ▁Land ▁Is ▁Your ▁Land ". ▁The ▁band ' s ▁cover ▁of ▁Ste vie ▁Wonder ' s ▁" U pt ight ▁( Every thing ' s ▁Al right )" ▁appeared ▁in ▁a ▁Ch ase ▁Manh attan ▁Bank ▁commercial ▁that ▁same ▁year . ▁In ▁Australia , ▁their ▁song ▁" G ot ▁a ▁Th ing ▁on ▁my ▁Mind " ▁featured ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁commercial ▁for ▁Cad bury ' s ▁Bo ost ▁Ch oc olate ▁bar . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Sh aron ▁Jones |
▁& ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁worked ▁with ▁Trop icana ▁on ▁a ▁song ▁prom oting ▁Trop icana ▁orange ▁ju ice , ▁titled ▁" S weet ▁& ▁Lov ely ." ▁Z ig gy ▁Mar ley ▁and ▁B eb el ▁Gil berto ▁were ▁featured ▁in ▁similar ▁projects . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁song ▁" 1 0 0 ▁Days , ▁ 1 0 0 ▁N ights " ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁a ▁F it Bit ▁commercial . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁and ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁appeared ▁in ▁a ▁video ▁covering ▁the ▁All man ▁Brothers ▁song ▁" M id night ▁R ider " ▁for ▁Lincoln ▁Mot ors . ▁ ▁Sound track ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁& ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ' ▁cover ▁of ▁Wo ody ▁Gut hr ie ' s ▁" This ▁Land ▁Is ▁Your ▁Land ", ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁Natur ally , ▁plays ▁over ▁the ▁opening ▁cred its ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁film , ▁Up ▁in ▁the ▁Air . ▁The ▁song ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁first ▁track ▁on ▁the ▁Up ▁in ▁the ▁Air ▁sound track ▁album . ▁ ▁The ▁same ▁cover ▁plays ▁over ▁the ▁end ▁cred its ▁of ▁both ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁film ▁Dark ▁M atter ▁and ▁the ▁How ▁to ▁Make ▁It ▁in ▁America ▁episode ▁" P aper , ▁Den im ▁+ ▁D oll ars ." ▁ ▁The ▁same ▁cover ▁plays ▁over ▁the ▁end ▁cred its ▁of ▁Ken ▁Burn s ' ▁document ary ▁film ▁Jack ie |
▁Robinson . ▁ ▁" How ▁Long ▁Do ▁I ▁Have ▁to ▁Wait ▁for ▁You ?" ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁for ▁the ▁television ▁series ▁Hung ▁and ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁sound track ▁album . ▁ ▁" Long er ▁And ▁Str ong er ", ▁a ▁previously ▁un re leased ▁track , ▁also ▁made ▁an ▁appearance ▁on ▁the ▁For ▁Col ored ▁Girls : ▁Music ▁From ▁and ▁In sp ired ▁by ▁the ▁Original ▁Mot ion ▁Picture ▁Sound track ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁" M oney ", ▁" The ▁Re ason ", ▁and ▁" Ke ep ▁On ▁Looking " ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁video ▁game ▁S leep ing ▁D ogs , ▁which ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁The ▁songs ▁can ▁be ▁heard ▁on ▁an ▁in - game ▁radio ▁station ▁called ▁" D apt one ▁Radio ". ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁movie ▁Henry ' s ▁Crime , ▁the ▁songs ▁" Answer ▁Me ", ▁" 1 0 0 ▁Days ▁ 1 0 0 ▁N ights ", ▁" G ot ▁a ▁Th ing ▁On ▁My ▁Mind ", ▁" Str and ed ▁in ▁Your ▁Love ", ▁" Be ▁E asy ", ▁and ▁" Let ▁Th em ▁Kno ck " ▁were ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁film . ▁The ▁band ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁movie ▁The ▁Wolf ▁of ▁Wall ▁Street . ▁They ▁also ▁appear ▁performing ▁" 1 0 0 ▁Days ▁ 1 0 0 ▁N ights " ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁episode ▁of |
▁Net fli x ' s ▁Luke ▁C age . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Albums ▁D ap ▁Di pp in ' ▁with ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁and ▁the ▁D ap - K ings ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁Natur ally ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Days , ▁ 1 0 0 ▁N ights ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁I ▁Lear ned ▁the ▁Hard ▁Way ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁Soul ▁Time ! ▁( UK ▁compilation , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Give ▁the ▁People ▁What ▁They ▁W ant ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Hol iday ▁Soul ▁Party ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁Miss ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ! ▁( sound track / comp ilation , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Soul ▁of ▁a ▁Woman ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁" 1 0 0 ▁Days , ▁ 1 0 0 ▁N ights " ▁music ▁video ▁on ▁YouTube ▁ ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Sh aron ▁Jones ▁and ▁the ▁D ap ▁Kings ▁on ▁ke v ch ino . com ▁▁ ▁Category : American ▁soul ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : American ▁fun k ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Brook lyn ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Category : D apt one ▁Records ▁artists ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Alex ▁De a ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁composer . ▁ ▁Life |
▁and ▁work ▁Alex ▁De a ▁was ▁trained ▁in ▁Western ▁classical ▁music ▁and ▁received ▁a ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁Eth nom us ic ology ▁from ▁Wes ley an ▁University , ▁with ▁a ▁special ty ▁in ▁J avan ese ▁gam el an ▁music . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁perform er ▁in ▁La ▁Monte ▁Young ' s ▁experimental ▁music ▁group ▁Theatre ▁of ▁E ternal ▁Music . ▁Other ▁ment ors ▁include ▁prominent ▁avant - gar de ▁compos ers ▁Terry ▁R iley ▁and ▁Robert ▁Ash ley . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁studied ▁the ▁mus ics ▁of ▁Africa ▁and ▁Japan ▁– ▁and ▁studied ▁ra ga ▁with ▁the ▁H indust ani ▁master ▁P and it ▁P ran ▁N ath . ▁De a ▁recently ▁works ▁in ▁the ▁gam el an ▁form . ▁One ▁of ▁his ▁gam el an ▁compos itions , ▁In ▁Pel og , ▁is ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁his ▁collaboration ▁with ▁Prof . ▁Dr . ▁Sum ars an , ▁an ▁Indones ian ▁teaching ▁at ▁Wes ley an ▁University . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁References ▁Pot ter , ▁Keith ▁( 2 0 0 0 ). ▁Four ▁Musical ▁Min imal ists : ▁La ▁Monte ▁Young , ▁Terry ▁R iley , ▁Steve ▁Reich , ▁Philip ▁G lass . ▁Music ▁in ▁the ▁Tw enti eth ▁Century ▁series . ▁Cambridge , ▁UK ; ▁New ▁York , ▁New ▁York : ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press . ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : Min imal ist ▁compos ers ▁Category : Ex perimental ▁compos ers ▁Category : Post mod |
ern ▁compos ers ▁Category : American ▁male ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : American ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : Just ▁in ton ation ▁compos ers ▁Category : Cont empor ary ▁classical ▁music ▁perform ers ▁Category : P up ils ▁of ▁P ran ▁N ath ▁( mus ician ) ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : W es ley an ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁male ▁mus icians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁male ▁mus icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Fl umin ense ▁Fut ebol ▁Cl ube , ▁commonly ▁known ▁as ▁Fl umin ense , ▁is ▁a ▁Brazil ian ▁football ▁club ▁based ▁in ▁Arag u ari , ▁Min as ▁G era is ▁state . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁founded ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁adopt ing ▁the ▁same ▁name , ▁k its ▁and ▁colors ▁as ▁Fl umin ense ▁Football ▁Club ▁of ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro ▁city . ▁ ▁Stadium ▁Fl umin ense ▁Fut ebol ▁Cl ube ▁play ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Est ád io ▁Sebast ião ▁César . ▁The ▁stad ium ▁has ▁a ▁maximum ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁people . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs |
▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁Category : Foot ball ▁clubs ▁in ▁Min as ▁G era is ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Brazil <0x0A> </s> ▁Adam ▁Now ell ▁( born ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁in ▁Liverpool , ▁England ) ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁professional ▁basketball ▁player , ▁currently ▁playing ▁for ▁Ever ton ▁Tig ers ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Basketball ▁League . ▁ ▁Now ell ▁is ▁an ▁exception ally ▁quick ▁player ▁and ▁his ▁vertical ▁le ap ▁is ▁re put ed ▁to ▁be ▁up wards ▁of ▁ 3 8 in ches . ▁He ▁has ▁a ▁ 4 0 - yard ▁dash ▁time ▁of ▁ 4 . 4 ▁seconds ▁and ▁is ▁perhaps ▁most ▁famous ▁for ▁d unk ing ▁over ▁Liverpool ▁basketball ▁legend ▁Ken ▁Ch endo ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Adam ▁states ▁Magic ▁Johnson ▁and ▁Is iah ▁Thomas ▁as ▁his ▁favour ite ▁Basketball ▁players . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Profile ▁on ▁the ▁To xt eth ▁Tig ers ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Mer sey ▁Tig ers ▁players ▁Category : English ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Liverpool <0x0A> </s> ▁Jag d gesch w ader ▁ 3 ▁( J G ▁ 3 ) ▁" U det " ▁was ▁a ▁Luft wa ffe ▁f ighter - wing ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁The ▁Gesch w ader ▁operated ▁on ▁all ▁the ▁German ▁front s ▁in ▁the ▁European ▁Theatre ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II |
. ▁It ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁Ernst ▁U det ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁Jag d sch w ader ▁ 3 ▁" U det " ▁was ▁formed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁in ▁Bern burg / Sa ale ▁from ▁J G ▁ 2 3 1 . ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Luft wa ffe ''' s ▁f ighter ▁units ▁that ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁France . ▁A ▁particularly ▁fruit ful ▁period ▁over ▁France ▁occurred ▁from ▁ 1 4 – 1 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁Al lied ▁sort ies ▁over ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁German ▁advance ▁had ▁attempted ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁German ▁arm our ▁from ▁crossing ▁the ▁Me use ▁and ▁sent ▁waves ▁of ▁in ade qu ately ▁protected ▁bom bers ▁to ▁do ▁the ▁job . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁ 9 0 ▁Al lied ▁bom bers ▁were ▁shot ▁down ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 4 ▁May ▁became ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" day ▁of ▁the ▁f igh ters " ▁within ▁the ▁Luft wa ffe . ▁I ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁destroyed ▁seven ▁f igh ters ▁without ▁loss ▁on ▁this ▁day . ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁May ▁five ▁were ▁destroyed , ▁again ▁for ▁no ▁losses . ▁On ▁ 1 7 ▁May ▁an ▁entire ▁formation ▁of ▁ 1 3 ▁Br istol ▁B len heim s ▁were ▁shot ▁down ▁by ▁I ./ J G ▁ 3 . ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 9 ▁Al lied ▁aircraft ▁were ▁shot |
▁down ▁by ▁I ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁alone ▁on ▁that ▁day . ▁The ▁unit ▁claimed ▁some ▁ 1 7 9 ▁aircraft ▁shot ▁down . ▁Ober le ut nant ▁L oth ar ▁K eller ▁was ▁top ▁claim ant ▁with ▁ 1 0 ▁k ills , ▁and ▁I ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁Gru pp enk om mande ur ▁Maj . ▁Gün ther ▁L üt z ow ▁scored ▁ 9 . ▁I ./ J G 3 ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁successful ▁Gruppe , ▁with ▁ 8 8 ▁enemy ▁aircraft ▁destroyed ▁for ▁ten ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 s ▁lost ▁while ▁six ▁pil ots ▁were ▁killed ▁and ▁one ▁wounded . ▁ ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁later ▁fle w ▁intens ively ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Britain . ▁On ▁ 2 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁Ober st le ut nant ▁L üt z ow ▁was ▁appointed ▁Kom mod ore ▁of ▁J G ▁ 3 . ▁He ▁recorded ▁ 8 ▁more ▁vict ories ▁during ▁the ▁aer ial ▁batt les ▁over ▁England . ▁L üt z ow ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Ritter kre uz ▁( K n ights ▁Cross ) ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁September . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁its ▁most ▁successful ▁pil ots ▁were ▁Ob lt . ▁Er win ▁Ne uer berg ▁( 1 1 ▁claims ) ▁and ▁L t ▁Hel mut ▁Me ck el ▁( 9 ▁claims ). ▁The ▁Gesch w ader ▁lost ▁some ▁ 5 1 ▁pil ots ▁killed ▁or ▁P OW ▁July – Dec ember ▁ |
1 9 4 0 . ▁I ▁Gruppe ▁alone ▁had ▁destroyed ▁exactly ▁ 5 0 ▁enemy ▁machines , ▁but ▁in ▁exchange ▁of ▁ 3 2 ▁Mess ersch mitt s ▁of ▁which ▁ 2 0 ▁were ▁lost ▁to ▁enemy ▁action . ▁Ten ▁pil ots ▁were ▁killed ▁or ▁missing ▁while ▁a ▁further ▁ 1 1 ▁were ▁captured . ▁▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁ ▁The ▁Gesch w ader ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁Operation ▁Bar bar ossa ▁from ▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁on wards , ▁and ▁during ▁the ▁off ensive ▁against ▁the ▁S ovi ets ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁claimed ▁its ▁▁ 1 , 0 0 0 th ▁aircraft ▁destroyed ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁August . ▁L üt z ow ▁became ▁the ▁second ▁Exper te ▁to ▁achieve ▁ 1 0 0 ▁vict ories ▁when ▁he ▁down ed ▁three ▁Russian ▁f igh ters ▁near ▁Moscow ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁October . ▁L üt z ow ▁was ▁then ▁ground ed . ▁On ▁ 2 7 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁Haupt mann ▁Gordon ▁Gol lob ▁was ▁made ▁Gru pp enk om mande ur ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 , ▁following ▁the ▁mid - air ▁collision ▁death ▁of ▁Haupt man ▁L oth ar ▁K eller . ▁He ▁claimed ▁ 1 8 ▁vict ories ▁in ▁August ▁and ▁achieved ▁ 3 7 ▁vict ories ▁in ▁October , ▁including ▁ 9 ▁aircraft ▁shot ▁down ▁over ▁the ▁P erek op ▁Ist hm us ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁October ▁and ▁ 6 ▁aircraft ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁October |
. ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁E ichen la ub ▁( O ak ▁Le aves ) ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁October ▁for ▁ 8 5 ▁vict ories . ▁He ▁led ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁until ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁In ▁the ▁period ▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁– ▁ 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁the ▁unit ▁destroyed ▁ 1 , 2 9 8 ▁Soviet ▁aircraft ▁in ▁return ▁for ▁ 5 8 ▁losses ▁in ▁aer ial ▁combat ▁and ▁losing ▁ 1 0 ▁aircraft ▁on ▁the ▁ground . ▁ ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 , ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Captain ▁Karl - He in z ▁Kra hl ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Com iso ▁on ▁Sic ily ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁to ▁bol ster ▁J G ▁ 5 3 ▁and ▁the ▁Reg ia ▁Aer onaut ica ▁which ▁were ▁carrying ▁out ▁sust ained ▁attacks ▁against ▁Mal ta . ▁At ▁this ▁time ▁the ▁unit ▁was ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 F - 4 ▁Tro ps . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁April ▁II ▁Gruppe ▁depart ed ▁Sic ily ▁for ▁a ▁brief ▁stay ▁in ▁Germany ▁before ▁being ▁re deploy ed ▁to ▁the ▁Eastern ▁front . ▁▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁In ▁mid - Se ptember , ▁I ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁were ▁ordered ▁back ▁to ▁Germany ▁for ▁rest ▁and ▁ref it . ▁However , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁I . ▁Gruppe ▁pil ots ▁remained ▁in ▁Russia ▁serving ▁with ▁III ./ J G ▁ 3 . ▁After ▁ref |
itting ▁with ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 F - 4 ▁f igh ters , ▁I ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁re loc ate ▁to ▁bases ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁On ▁ 6 ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁it ▁became ▁II ./ J G ▁ 1 , ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁I . ▁Gruppe ▁being ▁raised . ▁ ▁By ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁honour ▁name ▁" U det " ▁( after ▁Ernst ▁U det ) ▁and ▁was ▁then ▁often ▁simply ▁referred ▁as ▁" J ag d gesch w ader ▁U det " ▁there after . ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁L üt z ow ▁led ▁most ▁of ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁back ▁to ▁Russia ▁and ▁comm enced ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁Kh ark iv ▁area . ▁There ▁followed ▁int ensive ▁operations ▁through ▁the ▁Crime a , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁drive ▁towards ▁St aling rad . ▁Again ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Luft wa ffe ' s ▁top ▁units , ▁fighting ▁on ▁the ▁Southern ▁Front , ▁reaching ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁claims ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁On ▁ 1 2 ▁August , ▁Major ▁Wolf - D iet rich ▁Wil cke ▁was ▁appointed ▁Kom mod ore ▁of ▁J G ▁ 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁II ▁Gruppe ▁was ▁transferred ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁East , ▁where |
▁it ▁joined ▁in ▁the ▁advance ▁on ▁the ▁St aling rad ▁front , ▁suffering ▁heavy ▁losses . ▁During ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁St aling rad , ▁St ab ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁were ▁based ▁at ▁Pit om nik ▁Air field , ▁where ▁Wil cke ▁directed ▁all ▁day ▁f ighter ▁operations ▁over ▁the ▁city . ▁During ▁the ▁summer ▁off ensive ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁the ▁Gesch w ader stab / J G ▁ 3 ▁recorded ▁ 1 3 7 ▁vict ories , ▁of ▁which ▁Wil cke ▁claimed ▁ 9 7 . ▁ ▁When ▁Russian ▁forces ▁enc irc led ▁St aling rad , ▁the ▁Gesch w ader stab / J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Mor oz ov sk aya - Ö st , ▁outside ▁the ▁pocket . ▁In ▁mid - Nov ember ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁then ▁provided ▁the ▁famous ▁Platz schutz st aff el ▁( air field ▁defence ▁squad ron ) ▁which ▁def ended ▁the ▁bes ie ged ▁ 6 th ▁Army ▁in ▁St aling rad ▁until ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁On ▁a ▁rot ational ▁basis ▁up ▁to ▁six ▁volunte er ▁pil ots ▁drawn ▁from ▁I ▁and ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁formed ▁a ▁defence ▁Staff el ▁within ▁the ▁rapidly ▁contract ing ▁St aling rad ▁per imeter . ▁Their ▁purpose ▁was ▁to ▁cover ▁the ▁J unk ers ▁Ju ▁ 5 2 ▁trans ports ▁flying ▁supplies ▁into ▁Pit om ik ▁air field ▁and ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁aircraft ▁while ▁on ▁the ▁ground . ▁Despite |
▁often ▁only ▁having ▁ 2 ▁or ▁ 3 ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 ' s ▁service able , ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁ 6 ▁weeks ▁of ▁the ▁sie ge ▁( until ▁mid ▁January ) ▁claimed ▁some ▁ 1 3 0 ▁Soviet ▁aircraft ▁shot ▁down . ▁In ▁return ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁lost ▁ 9 0 - v ict ory ▁exper te ▁Le ut . ▁Georg ▁Sch ent ke ▁over ▁the ▁city ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁In ▁mid - J anu ary ▁the ▁pil ots ▁were ▁ordered ▁to ▁fly ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁pocket ▁and ▁re join ▁their ▁parent ▁unit , ▁although ▁some ▁thirty ▁ground ▁crew ▁remaining ▁became ▁prisoners ▁when ▁the ▁city ▁surrender ed ▁to ▁the ▁S ovi ets ▁on ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁re located ▁to ▁the ▁Kub an ▁bridge head ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁ ▁Ob lt . ▁Wolf - U do ▁E tt el ▁proved ▁the ▁' star ' ▁of ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁around ▁this ▁time , ▁claim ing ▁ 2 8 ▁k ills ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁ 3 6 ▁in ▁April , ▁and ▁ 2 0 ▁in ▁May . ▁Int ensive ▁operations ▁around ▁the ▁Ker ch ▁pen ins ula ▁followed ▁in ▁April . ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁and ▁III ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁at ▁this ▁time ▁were |
▁part ▁of ▁Luft lot te ▁ 4 ▁and ▁fle w ▁in ▁Operation ▁Z it ad elle , ▁the ▁tank ▁off ensive ▁launched ▁around ▁the ▁Kur sk ▁sal ient . ▁On ▁ 5 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁alone , ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁claimed ▁ 7 7 ▁Soviet ▁aircraft ▁from ▁a ▁total ▁claimed ▁of ▁ 4 3 2 , ▁Ob lt . ▁Jo achim ▁Kir sch ner ▁claim ing ▁ 9 ▁k ills ▁and ▁Gru pp enk om mande ur ▁H pt . ▁Kurt ▁Br änd le ▁claim ing ▁ 5 . ▁ ▁As ▁Al lied ▁air ▁operations ▁over ▁Germany ▁increased ▁during ▁mid ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁gru ppen ▁of ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁were ▁in ▁turn ▁re called ▁to ▁Germany ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁hom eland ▁on ▁so ▁called ▁Reichs verte id igung ▁(" Def ense ▁of ▁the ▁Reich ") ▁duty . ▁I . ▁/ J G ▁ 3 ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁Germany ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁go ▁oper ational ▁until ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁E qui pped ▁with ▁the ▁new ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 G - 6 ▁Kan onen bo ote ▁with ▁two ▁ 2 0 mm ▁can n ons ▁in ▁under wing ▁g ond olas , ▁I ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁were ▁slowly ▁worked ▁up ▁as ▁a ▁' b om ber - k iller ' ▁unit . ▁This ▁long ▁training ▁period ▁paid ▁divid ends ▁as ▁the ▁gru ppe ▁started ▁to ▁shoot |
▁down ▁impress ive ▁numbers ▁of ▁USA AF ▁bom bers ▁without ▁the ▁heavy ▁losses ▁in cur red ▁by ▁many ▁Jag d gesch wad ern ▁thrown ▁into ▁the ▁battle ▁with ▁less ▁prepar ation . ▁L t . ▁Franz ▁Sch wa iger ▁was ▁by ▁this ▁time ▁I ./ J G ▁ 3 ' s ▁current ▁top ▁sc orer ▁with ▁ 5 6 ▁claims . ▁ ▁By ▁late ▁summer ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁III ./ J G 3 ▁were ▁also ▁flying ▁the ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 G - 6 ▁and ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 G - 6 / R 6 . ▁On ▁its ▁return ▁to ▁Germany , ▁the ▁St ab / J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁based ▁at ▁M ön ch eng lad bach . ▁On ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁H pt . ▁Wilhelm ▁Lem ke ▁( 1 3 1 ▁k ills ) ▁was ▁killed ▁in ▁combat ▁with ▁P - 4 7 s ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 5 2 nd ▁F ighter ▁Group . ▁ ▁As ▁with ▁most ▁f ighter ▁units ▁operating ▁over ▁Germany ▁and ▁occupied ▁Europe , ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁suffered ▁heavy ▁losses ▁through ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁against ▁the ▁increasing ▁numbers ▁of ▁USA AF ▁esc ort ▁f igh ters , ▁losing ▁many ▁of ▁its ▁experienced ▁personnel ▁and ▁command ers . ▁Wil cke ▁was ▁shot ▁down ▁and ▁killed ▁by ▁f igh ters ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁F ighter ▁Group . ▁Wil cke ' s ▁successor ▁as ▁commander ▁of ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁was |
▁Major ▁Friedrich - Kar l ▁" T ut ti " ▁Müller , ▁the ▁CO ▁of ▁IV . ▁/ J G ▁ 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁killed ▁in ▁a ▁landing ▁accident ▁at ▁Sal zw ed el ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁increased ▁pressure ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁bomb ing ▁ra ids ▁against ▁targets ▁in ▁Germany ▁through ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁a ▁new ▁method ▁of ▁attack ing ▁the ▁bom bers ▁was ▁proposed ▁for ▁spe cially ▁arm oured ▁f igh ters ▁to ▁get ▁in ▁as ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁bom bers ▁as ▁possible ▁before ▁opening ▁fire , ▁even ▁( as ▁a ▁last ▁resort ) ▁deliber ately ▁ram ming ▁the ▁bom ber . ▁A ▁special ▁Staff el ▁was ▁formed ▁to ▁test ▁the ▁tact ical ▁vi ability . ▁St urm st aff el ▁ 1 ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁experimental ▁unit ▁to ▁fly ▁the ▁so - called ▁St ur mb ö cke ▁( B atter ing ▁Ram ) ▁up - g unn ed ▁ ▁F ock e - W ulf ▁F w ▁ 1 9 0 A ▁aircraft , ▁and ▁was ▁attached ▁to ▁J G ▁ 3 , ▁following ▁the ▁general ▁dem ise ▁of ▁the ▁Z erst ör er gru ppen ▁as ▁bom ber ▁destroy ers ▁earlier ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁The ▁St urm st aff el ▁was ▁expanded ▁into ▁a ▁special ised ▁bom ber ▁' k iller ' ▁Gru ppen , ▁IV |
./ J G ▁ 3 , ▁led ▁by ▁Haupt mann ▁Wilhelm ▁Mor itz . ▁St urm st aff el ▁ 1 ▁was ▁red es ign ated ▁ 1 1 ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 7 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁a ▁force ▁of ▁ 1 , 1 2 9 ▁B - 1 7 ▁F lying ▁Fort ress es ▁and ▁B - 2 4 ▁Liber ators ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁( USA AF ) ▁E ighth ▁Air ▁Force ▁set ▁out ▁from ▁England ▁to ▁bomb ▁aircraft ▁fact ories ▁in ▁the ▁Leipzig ▁area ▁and ▁the ▁synth etic ▁oil ▁plants ▁at ▁Bo eh len , ▁Le una - Mer se burg ▁and ▁L üt zk endorf . ▁This ▁formation ▁was ▁intercept ed ▁by ▁a ▁German ▁Gef ech ts verband ▁composed ▁of ▁IV .( St urm ) ▁/ ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁esc orted ▁by ▁two ▁Gru ppen ▁of ▁B f ▁l 0 9 s ▁from ▁Jag d gesch w ader ▁ 3 0 0 ▁led ▁by ▁Major ▁Wal ther ▁D ahl . ▁D ahl ▁drove ▁the ▁attack ▁to ▁point - blank ▁range ▁behind ▁the ▁Liber ators ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 9 2 nd ▁Bomb ▁Group ▁before ▁opening ▁fire . ▁ 4 9 2 nd ▁Bomb ▁Group ▁was ▁tempor arily ▁without ▁f ighter ▁cover . ▁Within ▁about ▁a ▁minute ▁the ▁entire ▁squad ron ▁of ▁twelve ▁B - 2 4 s ▁had ▁been ▁destroyed . ▁The ▁USA AF ▁ 2 nd ▁Air ▁Division ▁lost |
▁ 2 8 ▁Liber ators ▁that ▁day , ▁the ▁majority ▁to ▁the ▁St urm gruppe ▁attack . ▁IV ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁lost ▁nine ▁f igh ters ▁shot ▁down ▁and ▁three ▁more ▁suffered ▁damage ▁and ▁made ▁crash ▁land ings ; ▁five ▁of ▁the ▁unit ' s ▁pil ots ▁were ▁killed . ▁ ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁and ▁III ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁were ▁thrown ▁into ▁the ▁Operation ▁Over l ord ▁air ▁batt les ▁over ▁the ▁Norm andy ▁beach - head ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁and , ▁with ▁the ▁other ▁ 2 3 ▁Gru ppen ▁committed ▁were ▁dec im ated ▁by ▁the ▁h ord es ▁of ▁Al lied ▁f igh ters ▁present . ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁August , ▁ 1 0 .( St urm )/ J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁renamed ▁ 1 3 .( St urm )/ J G ▁ 3 . ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁ 1 3 ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁Staff el ka pt än ▁Ob lt . ▁Ek ke hard ▁T ich y ▁( 2 5 ▁k ills ) ▁was ▁killed ▁when ▁he ▁ram med ▁a ▁B - 1 7 ; ▁T ich y ▁had ▁lost ▁an ▁eye ▁a ▁year ▁earlier ▁but ▁had ▁continued ▁flying ▁combat ▁miss ions . ▁By ▁ 5 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁when ▁the ▁Gruppe ▁was ▁with dra wn ▁from ▁the ▁battle , ▁III ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁alone ▁had ▁lost ▁a ▁st agger |
ing ▁ 5 6 ▁pil ots ▁killed ▁or ▁missing , ▁ 2 3 ▁wounded ▁and ▁ 4 ▁P OW , ▁while ▁claim ing ▁ ▁some ▁ 5 4 ▁Al lied ▁aircraft ▁shot ▁down . ▁Just ▁the ▁Gru pp enk om mande ur , ▁ 3 ▁Staff el kap itä ne ▁and ▁ 4 ▁replacement ▁pil ots ▁had ▁surv ived ▁the ▁three ▁months ▁over ▁the ▁invasion ▁front . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 ▁November ▁the ▁two ▁St urm gru ppen ▁of ▁IV ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁and ▁II ./ J G ▁ 4 ▁successfully ▁intercept ed ▁American ▁bom ber ▁form ations ▁near ▁Leipzig . ▁IV ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁attacked ▁the ▁ 9 1 st ▁Bomb ▁Group ▁and ▁claimed ▁ 1 3 ▁Fort ress es , ▁including ▁two ▁by ▁ram ming , ▁while ▁II ./ J G ▁ 4 ▁claimed ▁nine ▁Fort ress es ▁from ▁the ▁ 4 5 7 th ▁Bomb ▁Group . ▁The ▁f ighter ▁esc ort s ▁cost ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁ 1 5 ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁ 3 9 ▁St ur mb ö cke ▁aircraft , ▁and ▁J G ▁ 4 ▁lost ▁ 1 6 ▁out ▁of ▁ 2 2 ▁committed . ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁was ▁much ▁less ▁successful ▁when ▁ ▁sc ram bled ▁with ▁other ▁Gru ppen ▁to ▁intercept ▁American ▁ra ids ▁against ▁oil ▁plants ▁in ▁Mer se burg . ▁Its ▁ ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 s ▁ran ▁into ▁the ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 9 ▁P - |
5 1 ▁Must angs ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th , ▁ 3 5 2 nd , ▁ 3 5 9 th ▁and ▁ 3 6 4 th ▁F ighter ▁groups ▁which ▁esc orted ▁the ▁▁ 1 st ▁Bomb ard ment ▁Division . ▁ ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁lost ▁ 2 3 ▁B f ▁ 1 0 9 s ▁and ▁claimed ▁only ▁three ▁Must angs ▁and ▁a ▁B - 1 7 ▁shot ▁down . ▁On ▁ 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁Major ▁Mor itz ▁was ▁rel ieved ▁from ▁command ▁of ▁IV ./ ▁J G ▁ 3 ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁complete ▁nerv ous ▁break down . ▁▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁separated ▁from ▁the ▁Gesch w ader ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁re - equ ip ▁with ▁the ▁Me ▁ 2 6 2 ▁jet ▁f ighter ▁and ▁become ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁jet ▁f ighter ▁Gesch w ader , ▁Jag d gesch w ader ▁ 7 . ▁A ▁newly ▁formed ▁II ./ J G ▁ 3 ▁was ▁raised ▁from ▁a ▁former ▁bom ber ▁unit ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 4 ; ▁this ▁new ▁Gruppe ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁East ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁to ▁counter ▁the ▁Soviet ▁air ▁off ensive . ▁ ▁During ▁Operation ▁B oden pl atte , ▁the ▁mass ed ▁attack ▁on ▁Al lied ▁air fields ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁Jag d |
sch w ader ▁ 3 ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁German ▁f ighter ▁units ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁their ▁operations ▁successfully ▁despite ▁field ing ▁the ▁smallest ▁German ▁force ▁that ▁day . ▁The ▁ 2 2 ▁F w ▁ 1 9 0 s ▁committed ▁destroyed ▁ 4 3 ▁Ty ph o ons ▁and ▁Sp it f ires ▁and ▁dam aged ▁ 6 0 ▁more ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 - min ute ▁attack ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁T AF ▁air field ▁at ▁E ind h oven ▁( J G ▁ 3 ▁claimed ▁ 1 1 6 ▁destroyed ). ▁However ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁ 1 6 ▁pil ots ▁was ▁a ▁serious ▁blow ▁to ▁the ▁unit . ▁Six ▁were ▁captured , ▁ 6 ▁were ▁killed ▁while ▁four ▁were ▁posted ▁as ▁missing . ▁Six ▁pil ots ▁returned , ▁three ▁of ▁them ▁were ▁wounded . ▁ ▁Command ing ▁officers ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Organ ization ▁of ▁the ▁Luft wa ffe ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ ▁References ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁▁ ▁Hay ward , ▁Jo el ▁S . ▁( 2 0 0 1 ). ▁Sto pped ▁at ▁St aling rad : ▁The ▁Luft wa ffe ▁and ▁Hitler ' s ▁De fe at ▁in ▁the ▁East ▁ 1 9 4 2 - 1 9 4 3 ' '. ▁University ▁Press ▁of ▁Kansas . ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Jag d gesch w ader ▁ 0 0 3 ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁dis |
est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁Category : G erman ▁units ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁St aling rad <0x0A> </s> ▁MTV ▁Indones ia ▁Movie ▁Awards ▁( or ▁M IMA ) ▁is ▁an ▁awards ▁show ▁in ▁Indones ia ▁which ▁were ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁The ▁show ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁US ▁MTV ▁Movie ▁Awards ▁format ▁celebr ating ▁local ▁film ▁and ▁actors . ▁ ▁Host ▁C ities ▁ ▁C ategories ▁The ▁categories ▁are ▁divided ▁into ▁" M ost ▁F av our ite " ▁and ▁" Best " ▁sub categories . ▁Among ▁the ▁categories ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁" L if etime ▁Ach iev ement ▁Award ". ▁ ▁Most ▁F av our ite ▁Most ▁F av our ite ▁Movie ▁Most ▁F av our ite ▁A ctor ▁Most ▁F avor ite ▁Act ress ▁Most ▁F av our ite ▁Support ing ▁A ctor ▁Most ▁F av our ite ▁Support ing ▁Act ress ▁Most ▁F av our ite ▁Heart ▁M elt in 。 g ▁M oment ▁Most ▁F av our ite ▁R ising ▁Star ▁ ▁Best ▁Best ▁Movie ▁Best ▁Director ▁Best ▁Cry ing ▁Sec ene ▁Best ▁Song ▁in ▁the ▁Movie ▁Best ▁Sc ary ▁Sc ene ▁Best ▁Running ▁Sc ene ▁ ▁Award ▁w inners ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Cinema ▁of ▁Indones ia ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁MTV ▁Asia ▁Official ▁Site ▁ ▁Category : Ind ones ian ▁film ▁awards <0x0A> </s> ▁Emb ū te ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁Emb ū te ▁Par ish , ▁V ai ņ ode ▁Municip ality ▁of ▁Lat via |
. ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Emb ū te ▁Castle ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁air b ases ▁Category : S ov iet ▁Air ▁Force ▁bases ▁Category : S ov iet ▁Air ▁Def ence ▁Force ▁bases ▁Category : A iz put e ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁Fl ores - Mont ano , ▁ 5 4 1 ▁U . S . ▁ 1 4 9 ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁was ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁case ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Court ▁held ▁that ▁custom s ▁agents ▁may ▁remove ▁the ▁gas ▁tank ▁from ▁a ▁vehicle ▁crossing ▁the ▁international ▁border ▁in ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁look ▁for ▁cont rab and . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Fl ores - Mont ano ▁(" Fl ores ") ▁was ▁driving ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Ford ▁T aur us ▁station ▁w agon ▁as ▁he ▁attempted ▁to ▁enter ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁through ▁the ▁port ▁of ▁entry ▁at ▁Ot ay ▁M esa , ▁California . ▁ ▁A ▁custom s ▁inspect or ▁referred ▁the ▁vehicle ▁to ▁secondary ▁ins pection , ▁where ▁a ▁second ▁inspect or ▁t apped ▁the ▁gas ▁tank ▁and ▁noticed ▁it ▁sound ed ▁solid . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁inspect or ▁sum mon ed ▁a ▁mechan ic ▁who , ▁less ▁than ▁half ▁an ▁hour ▁later , ▁arrived ▁and ▁removed ▁the ▁gas ▁tank ▁from ▁the ▁car . ▁ ▁The ▁mechan ic ▁then ▁removed ▁an ▁access ▁plate ▁from ▁the ▁tank ▁and ▁found ▁ 3 7 ▁kil og rams ▁of ▁mar iju ana . ▁ ▁The ▁process ▁of ▁removing ▁the |
▁gas ▁tank ▁took ▁between ▁ 1 5 ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁minutes . ▁ ▁Fl ores ▁was ▁ind icted ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁California ▁for ▁importing ▁mar iju ana ▁into ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁for ▁possession ▁of ▁mar iju ana ▁with ▁intent ▁to ▁dist ribute ▁it . ▁ ▁R ely ing ▁on ▁N inth ▁Circ uit ▁preced ent ▁in ▁effect ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁requiring ▁reasonable ▁susp icion ▁for ▁removal ▁of ▁a ▁gas ▁tank , ▁Fl ores ▁file d ▁a ▁motion ▁to ▁suppress ▁the ▁mar iju ana ▁found ▁in ▁his ▁car . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁Government ▁ur ged ▁the ▁district ▁court ▁to ▁ignore ▁that ▁preced ent , ▁the ▁district ▁court ▁decl ined ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁and ▁granted ▁Fl ores ' s ▁supp ression ▁motion . ▁ ▁The ▁N inth ▁Circ uit ▁summar ily ▁aff ir med ▁the ▁grant ing ▁of ▁the ▁supp ression ▁motion , ▁and ▁the ▁Government ▁asked ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁to ▁review ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁Op in ion ▁of ▁the ▁Court ▁In ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁Mon to ya ▁de ▁Hern ande z , ▁, ▁the ▁Court ▁had ▁said , ▁" Rout ine ▁searches ▁of ▁the ▁persons ▁and ▁effects ▁of ▁entr ants ▁are ▁not ▁subject ▁to ▁any ▁requirement ▁of ▁reasonable ▁susp icion , ▁probable ▁cause , ▁or ▁war rant ." ▁ ▁The ▁N inth ▁Circ uit ▁interpreted ▁this ▁language ▁to ▁mean ▁that ▁reasonable ▁susp icion ▁was ▁required ▁when ▁government ▁agents ▁sought ▁to ▁conduct ▁an ▁" in tr us ive " ▁search ▁at ▁the ▁border |
, ▁including ▁searches ▁involving ▁the ▁removal ▁and ▁dis m ant ling ▁of ▁gas ▁t anks . ▁ ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁rejected ▁this ▁reasoning ▁because ▁" the ▁reasons ▁that ▁might ▁support ▁a ▁requirement ▁of ▁some ▁level ▁of ▁susp icion ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁highly ▁intr us ive ▁searches ▁of ▁the ▁person ▁— ▁dign ity ▁and ▁priv acy ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁person ▁being ▁searched ▁— ▁simply ▁do ▁not ▁carry ▁over ▁to ▁vehicles ." ▁ ▁According ly , ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁found ▁the ▁N inth ▁Circ uit ' s ▁rule ▁to ▁be ▁incons istent ▁with ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁" reason ab len ess " ▁under ▁the ▁Four th ▁Am end ment . ▁ ▁The ▁Court ' s ▁r uling ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁rest s ▁on ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁search ▁at ▁issue ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁international ▁border . ▁ ▁" The ▁Government ' s ▁interest ▁in ▁prevent ing ▁the ▁entry ▁of ▁unw anted ▁persons ▁and ▁effects ▁is ▁at ▁its ▁z en ith ▁at ▁the ▁international ▁border ." ▁ ▁In ▁light ▁of ▁the ▁Government ' s ▁interest ▁in ▁protect ing ▁its ▁so vere ig nt y ▁and ▁territorial ▁integrity , ▁" search es ▁made ▁at ▁the ▁border ... ▁are ▁reasonable ▁simply ▁by ▁virtue ▁of ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁they ▁occur ▁at ▁the ▁border ." ▁ ▁Indeed , ▁the ▁stat ute ▁author izing ▁the ▁search ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁derived ▁ultimately ▁from ▁a ▁stat ute ▁first ▁passed ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 9 . ▁ ▁Sm ug gl ers ▁frequently ▁attempt ▁to ▁pen et rate ▁the |
▁border , ▁and ▁using ▁vehicle ▁gas ▁t anks ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁t actic . ▁In ▁the ▁five ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁years ▁preceding ▁the ▁decision ▁in ▁this ▁case , ▁ 1 8 , 7 8 8 ▁drug ▁se iz ures ▁had ▁occurred ▁at ▁the ▁ports ▁of ▁entry ▁in ▁southern ▁California , ▁and ▁of ▁those ▁involving ▁vehicles , ▁ 4 , 6 1 9 , ▁or ▁ 2 5 %, ▁were ▁from ▁gas ▁t anks . ▁In ▁addition , ▁instances ▁of ▁persons ▁sm ugg led ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁gas ▁tank ▁compart ments ▁are ▁discovered ▁at ▁the ▁ports ▁of ▁entry ▁of ▁San ▁Y s id ro ▁and ▁Ot ay ▁M esa ▁about ▁once ▁ever ▁ 1 0 ▁days . ▁▁▁ ▁Fl ores ▁argued ▁he ▁had ▁an ▁expectation ▁of ▁priv acy ▁in ▁his ▁gas ▁tank . ▁ ▁But ▁the ▁Court ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁a ▁reasonable ▁expectation ▁of ▁priv acy ▁is ▁dimin ished ▁at ▁the ▁international ▁border . ▁ ▁" It ▁is ▁difficult ▁to ▁imagine ▁how ▁the ▁search ▁of ▁a ▁gas ▁tank , ▁which ▁should ▁be ▁sole ly ▁a ▁repository ▁for ▁fuel , ▁could ▁be ▁more ▁of ▁an ▁invasion ▁of ▁priv acy ▁than ▁the ▁search ▁of ▁the ▁autom obile ' s ▁passenger ▁compart ment ." ▁ ▁Fl ores ▁also ▁pointed ▁to ▁the ▁potential ▁of ▁a ▁search ▁like ▁the ▁one ▁at ▁issue ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁to ▁cause ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁vehicle . ▁ ▁But ▁the ▁Court ▁replied ▁that ▁the ▁searches ▁are ▁not ▁truly ▁destruct ive , ▁and ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁single ▁accident ▁among ▁the ▁" many ▁thousands |
▁of ▁gas ▁tank ▁dis ass emb lies ▁that ▁have ▁occurred ▁at ▁the ▁border ." ▁ ▁A ▁gas ▁tank ▁search ▁is ▁a ▁brief ▁procedure ▁that ▁can ▁easily ▁be ▁revers ed ▁without ▁dam aging ▁the ▁vehicle , ▁and ▁if ▁by ▁chance ▁the ▁vehicle ▁were ▁dam aged ▁in ▁the ▁process , ▁the ▁owner ▁could ▁sue ▁for ▁dam ages . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Border ▁search ▁exception ▁to ▁the ▁Four th ▁Am end ment ▁war rant ▁requirement . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases , ▁volume ▁ 5 4 1 ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Government ' s ▁opening ▁brief ▁on ▁the ▁mer its ▁▁ ▁Government ' s ▁reply ▁brief ▁on ▁the ▁mer its ▁▁ ▁Am icus ▁brief , ▁Washington ▁Leg al ▁Foundation ▁ ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases ▁of ▁the ▁Re hn qu ist ▁Court ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Four th ▁Am end ment ▁case ▁law ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁in ▁United ▁States ▁case ▁law <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 0 2 ▁C yp ri ot ▁First ▁Division ▁was ▁the ▁ 6 3 rd ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁C yp ri ot ▁top - level ▁football ▁league . ▁AP O EL ▁won ▁their ▁ 1 7 th ▁title . ▁ ▁Format ▁Four teen ▁teams ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 0 2 ▁C yp ri ot ▁First ▁Division . ▁All ▁teams ▁played ▁against ▁each ▁other ▁twice , ▁once |
▁at ▁their ▁home ▁and ▁once ▁away . ▁The ▁team ▁with ▁the ▁most ▁points ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁crown ed ▁champions . ▁The ▁last ▁three ▁teams ▁were ▁re leg ated ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁C yp ri ot ▁Second ▁Division . ▁▁ ▁The ▁champions ▁ens ured ▁their ▁participation ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁UEFA ▁Champions ▁League ▁and ▁the ▁run ners - up ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁UEFA ▁Cup . ▁ ▁The ▁teams ▁had ▁to ▁declare ▁their ▁interest ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁UEFA ▁Inter t oto ▁Cup ▁before ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁championship . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁championship , ▁the ▁higher ▁placed ▁team ▁among ▁the ▁interested ▁ones ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁Inter t oto ▁Cup ▁( if ▁they ▁had ▁not ▁secured ▁their ▁participation ▁in ▁any ▁other ▁UEFA ▁competition ). ▁ ▁Point ▁system ▁Teams ▁received ▁three ▁points ▁for ▁a ▁win , ▁one ▁point ▁for ▁a ▁draw ▁and ▁zero ▁points ▁for ▁a ▁loss . ▁ ▁Ch anges ▁from ▁previous ▁season ▁Ne a ▁Sal am ina , ▁D igen is ▁Mor ph ou ▁and ▁Ar is ▁Lim ass ol ▁were ▁re leg ated ▁from ▁previous ▁season ▁and ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 0 2 ▁C yp ri ot ▁Second ▁Division . ▁They ▁were ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁first ▁three ▁teams ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 0 1 ▁C yp ri ot ▁Second ▁Division , ▁Al ki |
▁L arn aca , ▁Eth nik os ▁Ass ia ▁and ▁Er mis ▁Ar ad ipp ou . ▁ ▁Stad ia ▁and ▁locations ▁ ▁League ▁stand ings ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁C yp ri ot ▁First ▁Division ▁▁ 2 0 0 1 – 0 2 ▁C yp ri ot ▁Cup ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁top ▁goals cor ers ▁in ▁C yp ri ot ▁First ▁Division ▁by ▁season ▁ ▁C yp ri ot ▁football ▁clubs ▁in ▁European ▁compet itions ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : C yp ri ot ▁First ▁Division ▁seasons ▁Cy pr us ▁Category : 2 0 0 1 – 0 2 ▁in ▁C yp ri ot ▁football <0x0A> </s> ▁For ▁the ▁present ▁National ▁Forest ▁in ▁Virginia , ▁see ▁Jefferson ▁National ▁Forest ▁Jefferson ▁National ▁Forest ▁in ▁Mont ana ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Forest ▁Service ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁with ▁ ▁from ▁the ▁cons olid ation ▁of ▁Little ▁B elt , ▁High wood ▁Mountains , ▁Snow y ▁Mountains ▁and ▁Little ▁Rock ies ▁National ▁For ests . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁the ▁entire ▁forest ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Lewis ▁and ▁Clark ▁National ▁Forest , ▁the ▁name ▁surv iving ▁as ▁the ▁Jefferson ▁Division ▁of ▁Lewis ▁and ▁Clark . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁For ests ▁in ▁Mont ana ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Lewis ▁and ▁Clark ▁National ▁Forest ▁Forest ▁History ▁Society ▁Forest ▁History ▁Society : List ing ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁For ests ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States |
▁Text ▁from ▁Davis , ▁Richard ▁C ., ▁ed . ▁Encyclopedia ▁of ▁American ▁Forest ▁and ▁Conserv ation ▁History . ▁New ▁York : ▁Mac mill an ▁Publishing ▁Company ▁for ▁the ▁Forest ▁History ▁Society , ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁Vol . ▁II , ▁pp . ▁ 7 4 3 - 7 8 8 . ▁ ▁Category : Form er ▁National ▁For ests ▁of ▁Mont ana ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Mont ana <0x0A> </s> ▁Carlo ▁Bi agi ▁( ; ▁ 2 0 ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁– ▁ 1 6 ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Italian ▁football ▁player ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Bi agi ▁played ▁club ▁football ▁for ▁P isa ▁SC . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁Bi agi ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Italy ▁team ▁which ▁won ▁the ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁football ▁tournament . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁Italy ▁Olympic ▁Gold ▁Medal : ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁death s ▁Category : Ital ian ▁football ers ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁football ers ▁of ▁Italy ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Italy ▁Category : Ital y ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Ser ie ▁A |
▁players ▁Category : A . C . ▁P isa ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁players ▁Category : A . C . ▁Pr ato ▁players ▁Category : S . S . C . ▁Napoli ▁players ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Via re gg io ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁football ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Master ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁qu iz ▁show ▁that ▁deb uted ▁on ▁Seven ▁Network ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁The ▁show ▁was ▁cancel led ▁after ▁its ▁premi ere ▁episode . ▁The ▁remaining ▁episodes ▁a ired ▁over ▁the ▁non - rat ings ▁period ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 – 2 0 0 7 , ▁with ▁the ▁final ▁episode ▁air ing ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Host ed ▁by ▁Mark ▁Ber etta , ▁the ▁show ▁had ▁a ▁potential ▁prize ▁of ▁$ 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Grant ▁Rule ▁and ▁Seven ▁Melbourne . ▁ ▁Format ▁Five ▁players ▁fought ▁out ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁r ounds ▁involving ▁general ▁knowledge ▁questions . ▁This ▁was ▁both ▁against ▁each ▁other ▁and ▁the ▁clock , ▁all ▁under ▁the ▁eyes ▁of ▁the ▁Master ▁- ▁Martin ▁Flo od ▁- ▁who ▁sat ▁in ▁a ▁chair ▁watching ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁contest ants ' ▁weak ness es . ▁The ▁player ▁who ▁won ▁earned ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁face ▁the ▁Master |
▁for ▁his ▁title ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁prize ▁of ▁$ 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁five ▁played ▁against ▁each ▁other ▁in ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁general ▁knowledge ▁r ounds , ▁winning ▁$ 1 0 0 ▁for ▁each ▁correct ▁answer ▁in ▁general ▁knowledge ▁r ounds ▁and ▁$ 2 0 0 ▁in ▁" Master ' s ▁Cho ice " ▁r ounds ▁( where ▁Flo od ▁chose ▁the ▁category ). ▁Each ▁round ▁last ed ▁for ▁ 9 0 ▁seconds . ▁If ▁a ▁contest ant ▁answered ▁incorrectly , ▁he ▁or ▁she ▁was ▁locked ▁out ▁from ▁answering ▁the ▁next ▁question . ▁Play ers ▁with ▁the ▁lowest ▁score ▁were ▁gradually ▁elimin ated ▁until ▁three ▁remained . ▁If ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁a ▁round , ▁two ▁contest ants ▁were ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁score , ▁the ▁Master ▁would ▁choose ▁which ▁contest ant ▁to ▁eliminate . ▁After ▁two ▁contest ants ▁have ▁been ▁elimin ated , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁round ▁where ▁the ▁three ▁remaining ▁contest ants ▁were ▁each ▁subject ed ▁to ▁a ▁round ▁of ▁questions ▁on ▁their ▁" pre ferred ▁category " ▁called ▁the ▁" mean ▁minute ". ▁ ▁In ▁this ▁round , ▁correct ▁answers ▁worth ▁$ 1 0 0 ▁and ▁incorrect ▁answers ▁result ▁in ▁a ▁dedu ction ▁of ▁$ 2 0 0 . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁" mean ▁minute " ▁round ▁there ▁is ▁another ▁general ▁knowledge ▁round ▁and ▁the ▁contest ant ▁with ▁the ▁highest ▁score ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁that ▁final ▁round ▁won ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁play ▁against ▁the ▁Master . ▁Each ▁elimin ated ▁contest ant ▁took |
▁home ▁what ▁he ▁or ▁she ▁earned ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁knowledge ▁r ounds . ▁ ▁The ▁winner ▁was ▁given ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁" bet " ▁on ▁their ▁best - of - five ▁questions ▁game ▁with ▁the ▁Master . ▁ ▁The ▁contest ant ▁could ▁bet ▁either ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁$ 3 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁$ 4 0 , 0 0 0 ▁or ▁the ▁entire ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁If ▁the ▁contest ant ▁risk ed ▁any ▁amount ▁below ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁Master ▁will ▁choose ▁the ▁category ▁of ▁questions ▁to ▁be ▁asked ▁and ▁if ▁the ▁contest ant ▁is ▁successful ▁they ▁would ▁win ▁ten ▁times ▁the ▁amount ▁st aked . ▁ ▁If ▁the ▁contest ant ▁bet ▁the ▁entire ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁they ▁selected ▁the ▁category ▁of ▁questions ▁and ▁played ▁for ▁$ 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁the ▁chance ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁new ▁Master . ▁ ▁If ▁they , ▁however , ▁risk ed ▁the ▁entire ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁failed , ▁they ▁also ▁lost ▁all ▁the ▁money ▁they ▁had ▁won ▁in ▁the ▁previous ▁r ounds , ▁walking ▁away ▁empty - hand ed . ▁This ▁meant ▁that ▁if ▁a ▁contest ant ▁risk ed ▁less ▁than ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁they ▁played ▁for ▁either ▁$ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 , |
▁$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁$ 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁or ▁$ 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Rat ings ▁Seven ▁b oss ▁David ▁Le ck ie ▁ordered ▁it ▁off ▁air ▁when ▁it ▁r ated ▁just ▁ 7 4 4 , 0 0 0 ▁capital ▁city ▁view ers . ▁The ▁remaining ▁six ▁episodes ▁already ▁recorded ▁a ired ▁on ▁Monday ▁at ▁ 7 . 3 0 pm , ▁during ▁the ▁summer ▁non - rat ings ▁period . ▁The ▁second ▁episode ▁which ▁screen ed ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁December ▁( non - rat ings ▁period ) ▁r ated ▁slightly ▁higher ▁at ▁ 8 3 9 , 0 0 0 ▁capital ▁city ▁view ers , ▁and ▁the ▁third ▁episode ▁attract ed ▁ 8 2 6 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁television ▁series ▁cancel led ▁after ▁one ▁episode ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Seven ▁Network ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Austral ian ▁game ▁shows ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁Australian ▁game ▁shows ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : Se ven ▁Network ▁shows <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Gilbert ▁Col burn ▁House ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁house ▁at ▁ 1 1 0 – 1 1 2 ▁C res cent ▁Street ▁in ▁W alth am , ▁Massachusetts . ▁ |
▁The ▁two - story ▁wood - frame ▁du plex ▁was ▁built ▁c . ▁ 1 8 7 0 , ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁nearly ▁int act ▁example ▁of ▁an ▁Italian ate ▁house ▁built ▁for ▁W alth am ▁Watch ▁Company ▁workers . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁fac ade ▁is ▁symmet rical , ▁with ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁ent ran ces ▁at ▁the ▁center , ▁each ▁with ▁its ▁own ▁orn ate ▁sc rolled ▁h ood . ▁ ▁They ▁are ▁fl ank ed ▁by ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁two - story ▁project ing ▁pol yg onal ▁b ays ▁with ▁apr on ▁pan els . ▁ ▁The ▁house ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁W alth am , ▁Massachusetts ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : H ouses ▁in ▁W alth am , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : H ouses ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁W alth am , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Ital ian ate ▁architecture ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : H ouses ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁Red ▁Metal ▁is ▁a ▁war ▁novel , ▁written ▁by ▁Mark ▁Gre an ey ▁and ▁R ip ▁Raw lings ▁and ▁released ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Set ▁around ▁late ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁it ▁features ▁a ▁military ▁conflict ▁between ▁NAT O ▁and ▁Russian ▁military ▁forces ▁across ▁two ▁contin ents , ▁as ▁the ▁latter ▁plots ▁to ▁re take ▁a ▁rare - ear th |
▁metal ▁mine ▁in ▁East ▁Africa . ▁Red ▁Metal ▁is ▁Gre an ey ’ s ▁first ▁stand - alone ▁novel ▁and ▁is ▁Raw lings ' ▁debut ▁novel . ▁The ▁book ▁deb uted ▁on ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁USA ▁Today ▁and ▁Amazon ▁best s eller ' s ▁lists . ▁ ▁Plot ▁summary ▁ ▁Three ▁years ▁ago , ▁Russian ▁forces ▁are ▁forced ▁to ▁rel in qu ish ▁control ▁of ▁a ▁rare - ear th ▁mine ▁in ▁Mr ima ▁Hill ▁near ▁M omb asa , ▁Ken ya . ▁B itter ▁about ▁the ▁retre at , ▁special ▁forces ▁commander ▁Y uri ▁Bor b ik ov ▁form ul ates ▁Operation ▁Red ▁Metal , ▁an ▁extensive ▁military ▁strike ▁across ▁Europe ▁with ▁the ▁main ▁objective ▁of ▁ret aking ▁the ▁mine . ▁On ▁present ▁day , ▁Russia ▁faces ▁economic ▁str ife , ▁which ▁forces ▁president ▁An atol y ▁Riv kin ▁to ▁author ize ▁Bor b ik ov ’ s ▁operation ▁to ▁rec oup ▁financial ▁losses . ▁ ▁A ▁Chinese ▁special ▁forces ▁unit ▁s ne aks ▁into ▁Taiwan ▁and ▁assass in ates ▁a ▁Taiwan ese ▁party ▁leader ▁al lied ▁with ▁China . ▁H ack ers ▁working ▁for ▁Russian ▁military ▁intelligence ▁( GR U ) ▁then ▁engineer ▁a ▁leak ▁involving ▁two ▁military ▁officials ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Ind o - P ac ific ▁Command , ▁dis rupt ing ▁the ▁military ▁leadership ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁In ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁d eter ▁China ▁from ▁potentially ▁inv ading ▁Taiwan , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁president ▁gradually ▁sends ▁a ▁large ▁American ▁force ▁to ▁the |
▁Pacific , ▁in ev it ably ▁making ▁way ▁for ▁the ▁Rus si ans ▁to ▁move ▁forward ▁with ▁Operation ▁Red ▁Metal . ▁ ▁On ▁Christmas ▁E ve , ▁Russian ▁Su - 5 7 ▁ste alth ▁f ighter ▁j ets ▁simultaneously ▁shut ▁down ▁communic ations ▁across ▁Europe ▁by ▁launch ing ▁anti - s at ellite ▁miss iles , ▁as ▁GR U ▁hack ers ▁pen et rate ▁NAT O ’ s ▁communic ations ▁rel ays . ▁The ▁invasion ▁force , ▁led ▁by ▁Colonel ▁General ▁Edu ard ▁S aban ey ev , ▁launch es ▁a ▁light ning ▁ra id ▁by ▁train ▁from ▁Bel arus ▁through ▁Poland ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁headquarters ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁African ▁and ▁European ▁Comm ands ▁in ▁Stuttgart , ▁Germany , ▁as ▁attack ▁t anks ▁lay ▁waste ▁to ▁supply ▁dep ots ▁and ▁run ways , ▁sever ely ▁cri pp ling ▁NAT O ’ s ▁military ▁might . ▁Russia ▁immediately ▁orders ▁a ▁ce ase fire ▁and ▁dem ands ▁their ▁immediate ▁return ▁to ▁neutral ▁Bel arus . ▁ ▁Under ▁the ▁gu ise ▁of ▁a ▁military ▁training ▁exercise ▁with ▁Iran , ▁Colonel ▁General ▁Bor is ▁Laz ar ▁march es ▁his ▁forces ▁sout heast ▁for ▁O man , ▁where ▁they ▁emb ark ▁on ▁a ▁heavily ▁guard ed ▁fl ot illa ▁esc orted ▁by ▁Iran ian ▁container ▁ships ▁west ▁for ▁Dj ib out i ▁City . ▁Marine ▁lieutenant ▁colon el ▁Dan ▁Con n olly , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁ske pt ical ▁about ▁the ▁American ▁military ▁bu il dup ▁in ▁the ▁Pacific ▁in ▁regard ▁to ▁Russian ▁forces , |
▁dedu ces ▁Russia ’ s ▁plan ▁to ▁re take ▁the ▁mine ▁in ▁Mr ima ▁Hill . ▁He ▁presents ▁his ▁case ▁to ▁the ▁vice ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁J oint ▁Chief s ▁of ▁Staff , ▁who ▁sends ▁Con n olly ▁to ▁Africa ▁as ▁a ▁Pent agon ▁l ia ison ▁to ▁a ▁Marine ▁expedition ary ▁unit ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁mine . ▁ ▁In ▁Europe , ▁Poland ▁viol ates ▁the ▁ce ase fire ▁by ▁st aging ▁an ▁amb ush ▁on ▁the ▁Russian ▁invasion ▁force ▁in ▁trans it ▁along ▁the ▁area . ▁Polish ▁F - 1 6 s ▁fire ▁cru ise ▁miss iles ▁on ▁several ▁brid ges ▁along ▁the ▁O der ▁River , ▁forcing ▁the ▁Rus si ans ▁into ▁a ▁pitch ed ▁battle ▁with ▁the ▁civil ian ▁milit ia ▁in ▁the ▁streets ▁of ▁W roc ław . ▁M ist aking ▁them ▁as ▁being ▁al lied ▁with ▁the ▁Pol es , ▁Rus si ans ▁then ▁fire ▁on ▁American ▁Abr ams ▁t anks ▁esc ort ing ▁their ▁con voy ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ce ase fire ▁agreement . ▁The ▁U . S . ▁president ▁orders ▁the ▁remaining ▁American ▁t anks ▁to ▁fire ▁on ▁their ▁Russian ▁counter parts , ▁and ▁later ▁convin ces ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁Taiwan ▁to ▁post p one ▁the ▁country ’ s ▁up coming ▁elections ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁forest all ▁an ▁im min ent ▁Chinese ▁invasion ▁and ▁therefore ▁provide ▁more ▁fire power ▁in ▁Africa . ▁ ▁Upon ▁arriv ing ▁at ▁the ▁port ▁of ▁Dj ib out i ▁City , ▁Laz ar ’ s ▁fl ot illa ▁comes ▁under |
▁attack ▁from ▁the ▁, ▁destroy ing ▁oil ▁tank ers ▁and ▁rendering ▁his ▁t anks ▁useless . ▁Nevertheless , ▁Laz ar , ▁accompanied ▁by ▁Bor b ik ov , ▁press es ▁on ▁and ▁march es ▁his ▁forces ▁south ▁for ▁the ▁mine . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Con n olly ▁arriv es ▁in ▁Dar ▁es ▁S ala am , ▁T anz ania ▁and ▁moves ▁south ▁to ▁Mr ima ▁Hill ▁to ▁hast ily ▁coordinate ▁a ▁defense ▁of ▁the ▁mine , ▁with ▁additional ▁help ▁from ▁a ▁French ▁special ▁forces ▁unit . ▁ ▁American ▁A - 1 0 ▁j ets ▁attack ▁the ▁Russian ▁attack ▁train ▁in ▁Poland , ▁forcing ▁S aban ey ev ▁to ▁move ▁out ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁forces ▁in ▁t anks . ▁They ▁eventually ▁reach ▁Bel arus , ▁where ▁S aban ey ev ▁dec ides ▁to ▁amb ush ▁the ▁American ▁and ▁German ▁t anks ▁purs uing ▁them ▁from ▁behind , ▁confident ▁that ▁they ▁wouldn ’ t ▁in va de ▁Russian ▁territory . ▁To ▁his ▁surprise , ▁lieutenant ▁colon el ▁Tom ▁Grant , ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁and ▁German ▁art illery ▁coal ition , ▁dec ides ▁to ▁purs ue ▁them ▁inside ▁Bel arus , ▁eventually ▁capt uring ▁S aban ey ev . ▁ ▁In ▁Ken ya , ▁Laz ar ▁and ▁his ▁forces ▁arrive ▁at ▁the ▁mine ▁and ▁start ▁gradually ▁ob liter ating ▁American ▁def enses . ▁However , ▁his ▁art illery ▁gets ▁destroyed ▁by ▁cru ise ▁miss iles ▁from ▁the ▁USS ▁John ▁Warner . ▁French ▁special ▁forces ▁and ▁Mar ines ▁then ▁stage ▁a ▁second ▁assault ▁by ▁amb |
ushing ▁Russian ▁forces ▁in ▁one ▁fl ank , ▁creating ▁a ▁di version ▁for ▁the ▁Americans ▁to ▁p ound ▁the ▁Russian ▁inf antry ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁fl anks . ▁Assuming ▁that ▁Laz ar ▁was ▁killed , ▁Bor b ik ov ▁takes ▁command ▁and ▁prepar es ▁to ▁shell ▁the ▁mine ▁with ▁nuclear - ti pped ▁art illery ▁shell s ▁as ▁a ▁last ▁resort . ▁Laz ar ▁storm s ▁in ▁and ▁takes ▁him ▁into ▁cust ody , ▁and ▁later ▁orders ▁a ▁ce ase fire ▁on ▁the ▁conflict . ▁ ▁Riv kin ▁is ▁ou sted ▁from ▁office ▁by ▁the ▁D uma , ▁as ▁S aban ey ev ▁is ▁tried ▁for ▁war ▁cr imes ▁by ▁the ▁International ▁C riminal ▁Court . ▁President ial ▁elections ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁continue ▁over ▁the ▁ob jections ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁government , ▁and ▁the ▁Chinese ▁military ▁prepar es ▁for ▁an ▁invasion ▁of ▁the ▁country . ▁ ▁Char acters ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁military ▁▁ ▁Colonel ▁Ken ▁C aster ▁( US MC ): ▁Commander , ▁Regiment al ▁Com bat ▁Team ▁ 5 ▁ ▁Lieutenant ▁D arn ell ▁Ch and ler ▁( U . S . ▁Army ): ▁Ass istant ▁maintenance ▁officer , ▁ 3 7 th ▁Arm or ▁Regiment ▁ ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Dan ▁Con n olly ▁( US MC ): ▁inf antry ▁officer , ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Pent agon . ▁Form er ▁commander ▁of ▁ 3 rd ▁Battalion , ▁ 2 nd ▁Mar ines ; ▁former ▁pl ato on ▁commander ▁with ▁ 3 / 5 ▁ ▁Commander ▁D iana ▁Del Vec chio ▁( U . S |
. ▁Navy ): ▁Captain , ▁▁ ▁Lieutenant ▁Sand ra ▁“ G l itter ” ▁Gl isson ▁( U . S . ▁Army ): ▁Apache ▁pilot ▁ ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Tom ▁Grant ▁( U . S . ▁Army ): ▁tank ▁log istics ▁and ▁maintenance ▁officer ; ▁inter im ▁commander , ▁ 3 7 th ▁Arm or ▁Regiment , ▁deployed ▁to ▁Graf en w ö hr , ▁Germany ▁ ▁Major ▁Bob ▁Gr ig gs ▁( U . S . ▁Army ): ▁ ▁Infantry ▁and ▁R anger ▁officer ; ▁Army ▁inf antry man , ▁R anger ▁tab ; ▁on ▁assignment ▁to ▁the ▁J oint ▁Staff ▁Office ▁for ▁Str ategy , ▁Pl ans ▁& ▁Policy ▁( J 5 ). ▁ ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Eric ▁Mc H ale ▁( US MC ): ▁Oper ations ▁officer , ▁R CT - 5 ▁ ▁Captain ▁Brad ▁Sp ill ane ▁( U . S . ▁Army ): ▁Inter im ▁operations ▁officer , ▁ 3 7 th ▁Arm or ▁Regiment ▁ ▁Captain ▁Raymond ▁“ Sh ank ” ▁V ance ▁( US AF ): ▁A - 1 0 ▁pilot ▁ ▁The ▁Rus si ans ▁▁ ▁Colonel ▁Y uri ▁Vlad im iro v ich ▁Bor b ik ov : ▁Russian ▁Federation ▁special ▁forces ▁commander ▁ ▁Colonel ▁Dan ilo ▁D ry agin : ▁Russian ▁Federation ▁inf antry ▁commander ▁ ▁Captain ▁Georg ▁Et ush : ▁Sub marine ▁commander , ▁Kaz an ▁( K - 5 6 1 ) ▁ ▁Colonel ▁D mit ry ▁Kir : ▁Chief ▁of ▁staff ▁and ▁de ▁fact o ▁chief ▁of ▁operations ▁for ▁Colonel ▁General ▁Bor |
is ▁Laz ar ▁ ▁Colonel ▁General ▁Bor is ▁Laz ar : ▁Russian ▁Federation ▁colon el ▁general ▁ ▁President ▁An atol y ▁Riv kin : ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Federation ▁ ▁Colonel ▁General ▁Edu ard ▁S aban ey ev : ▁Russian ▁Federation ▁colon el ▁general ▁ ▁Colonel ▁Fel iks ▁Sm ir nov : ▁Deput y ▁command ing ▁officer ▁to ▁Colonel ▁General ▁S aban ey ev ▁ ▁Colonel ▁Ivan ▁Z ol ot ov : ▁Russian ▁Air ▁Force ▁Su - 5 7 ▁pilot , ▁Red ▁Tal on ▁Squadron ▁ ▁Other ▁characters ▁▁ ▁Captain ▁Apol lo ▁Arc - B lan ch ette : ▁French ▁special ▁forces ▁officer , ▁ 1 3 th ▁Par ach ute ▁Drag oon ▁Regiment ▁ ▁Pascal ▁Arc - B lan ch ette : ▁Officer ▁in ▁D irection ▁Gén éra le ▁de ▁la ▁Sé cur ité ▁Ext érieure ▁( D G SE ), ▁the ▁French ▁foreign ▁intelligence ▁ag ency ; ▁Captain ▁Apol lo ▁Arc - B lan ch ette ’ s ▁father ▁ ▁Captain ▁Chen ▁Min ▁Jun : ▁Chinese ▁special ▁forces ▁officer ▁ ▁Dr . ▁Nik ▁Mel an opol is : ▁Anal yst , ▁National ▁Security ▁Agency ▁ ▁Major ▁Bla z ▁Ott : ▁German ▁Bundes wehr ▁arm or ▁maintenance ▁officer ▁ ▁Paul ina ▁Tob ias z : ▁Polish ▁Civil ian ▁Milit ia ▁member ▁ ▁Development ▁ ▁In ▁research ing ▁for ▁the ▁novel , ▁Gre an ey ▁and ▁Raw lings ▁fle w ▁to ▁Poland , ▁Germany ▁and ▁France . ▁They ▁met ▁up ▁with ▁Brig ad ier ▁General ▁Klaus ▁Feld mann , ▁the ▁last ▁German ▁arm |
ored ▁brig ade ▁commander ▁before ▁re forms ▁reduced ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁tank ▁corps . ▁They ▁met ▁with ▁a ▁French ▁special ▁forces ▁commander ▁in ▁Paris ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁Par ach ute ▁Drag oon ▁Regiment , ▁and ▁spent ▁a ▁day ▁ab o ard ▁the ▁USS ▁John ▁Warner ▁( SSN - 7 8 5 ), ▁a ▁nuclear ▁power ed ▁Virginia - class ▁attack ▁sub marine ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy . ▁Both ▁fle w ▁to ▁Nell is ▁Air ▁Force ▁Base ▁where ▁they ▁spent ▁two ▁days ▁at ▁the ▁US AF ▁tact ical ▁f ighter ▁center ▁for ▁the ▁US ▁A - 1 0 ▁Th under bol t ▁II ▁learning ▁flight ▁tact ics , ▁each ▁night ▁meeting ▁the ▁officers ▁off ▁duty ▁in ▁the ▁" H og - Tr ough ", ▁the ▁squad ron ' s ▁f amed ▁bar . ▁In ▁addition , ▁Gre an ey ▁and ▁Raw lings ▁acknow ledge ▁over ▁a ▁dozen ▁other ▁personal , ▁military ▁service - members ▁they ▁contact ed ▁to ▁gain ▁information ▁to ▁write ▁the ▁novel . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Com mer cial ▁ ▁The ▁novel ▁deb uted ▁at ▁number ▁fifteen ▁and ▁Hard cover ▁F iction ▁categories ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁best s eller ▁list ▁for ▁the ▁week ▁of ▁August ▁ 4 th , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁making ▁it ▁Gre an ey ' s ▁second ▁NY T ▁best s eller ▁for ▁the ▁year ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁In ▁addition , ▁it ▁deb uted ▁on ▁the ▁USA ▁Today ▁Best ▁S elling ▁Books ▁list |
▁for ▁the ▁week ▁of ▁ 4 ▁August , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Red ▁Metal ▁achieved ▁the ▁Amazon ▁Chart ▁rating ▁for ▁the ▁week ▁of ▁ 2 1 ▁July , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Apple ▁Books ▁listed ▁Red ▁Metal ▁in ▁sixth ▁place ▁for ▁Myst eries ▁& ▁Th r iller ▁Best s ellers ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁▁ ▁Publish ers ▁Week ly ▁gave ▁the ▁book ▁a ▁Star red ▁Review , ▁pra ising ▁the ▁book ▁as ▁" The ▁various ▁batt les — f ought ▁on ▁land , ▁sea , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁air — are ▁exc iting , ▁real istic , ▁and ▁techn ically ▁detailed , ▁complete ▁with ▁the ▁high ▁emot ions ▁experienced ▁by ▁the ▁combat ants . ▁As ▁in ▁the ▁best ▁of ▁this ▁genre , ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁cart oon ▁villa ins , ▁just ▁dedicated ▁war riors ▁who ▁are ▁given ▁a ▁mission ▁and ▁are ▁determined ▁to ▁carry ▁it ▁out . ▁This ▁is ▁powerful ▁material , ▁required ▁reading ▁for ▁anyone ▁interested ▁in ▁modern ▁war fare ." ▁In ▁November ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁they ▁selected ▁Red ▁Metal ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁" Best ▁Books ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 9 " ▁in ▁the ▁Th r iller / M yst ery ▁category . ▁▁ ▁Kirk us ▁Re views ▁wrote , ▁" Read ers ▁will ▁be ▁hum ming ▁" The ▁Mar ines ’ ▁H ymn ” ▁after ▁finishing ▁this ▁pa e an ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Mar ines . ▁Ho |
or ah ! ▁As ▁with ▁all ▁of ▁Gre an ey ’ s ▁work , ▁this ▁is ▁a ▁fun ▁read . ▁If ▁only ▁all ▁our ▁wars ▁were ▁fiction ." ▁ ▁Th r iller ▁novel ▁rev iewer ▁The ▁Real ▁Book ▁Sp y ▁stated ▁that ▁" Wh ile ▁it ’ s ▁already ▁drawn ▁compar isons ▁to ▁Tom ▁Cl ancy ’ s ▁Red ▁Storm ▁R ising ▁( 1 9 8 6 ), ▁Red ▁Metal ▁bo asts ▁even ▁more ▁action ▁and ▁t ension , ▁reading ▁like ▁a ▁modern - day ▁Game ▁of ▁Th ron es ▁( without ▁the ▁drag ons ▁and ▁White ▁Walk ers ), ▁as ▁individuals ▁go ▁all - in ▁fighting ▁for ▁their ▁cause — o ften ▁with ▁little ▁regard ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁world . ▁Much ▁like ▁George ▁R . R . ▁Martin ’ s ▁ep ic ▁fant asy ▁s aga , ▁Gre an ey ▁and ▁Raw lings ▁rely ▁more ▁on ▁their ▁characters ▁to ▁drive ▁the ▁story ▁than ▁the ▁explos ions , ▁gun f ights , ▁and ▁eye - c andy , ▁of ▁which ▁there ▁is ▁still ▁plenty . ▁The ▁w arg aming ▁is ▁impress ive ▁to ▁be ▁sure , ▁but ▁it ▁all ▁works ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁it ▁does ▁because ▁the ▁characters ▁are ▁so ▁well ▁f les hed ▁out , ▁and ▁the ▁conflict ▁so ▁perfectly ▁captured ." ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁American ▁nov els ▁Category : American ▁thr iller ▁nov els <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Senior ▁men ' s ▁race ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁I A AF ▁World |
▁Cross ▁Country ▁Championships ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁A uck land , ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁at ▁the ▁Ell ers lie ▁Race course ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁▁ ▁A ▁report ▁on ▁the ▁event ▁was ▁given ▁in ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁Her ald . ▁ ▁Complete ▁results , ▁med all ists , ▁▁ ▁and ▁the ▁results ▁of ▁British ▁athlet es ▁were ▁published . ▁ ▁Race ▁results ▁ ▁Senior ▁men ' s ▁race ▁( 1 2 ▁km ) ▁ ▁Ind ividual ▁ ▁Teams ▁ ▁Note : ▁Athlet es ▁in ▁parentheses ▁did ▁not ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁team ▁result ▁ ▁Part icip ation ▁An ▁uno fficial ▁count ▁yields ▁the ▁participation ▁of ▁ 2 0 4 ▁athlet es ▁from ▁ 3 5 ▁countries ▁in ▁the ▁Senior ▁men ' s ▁race , ▁two ▁athlet es ▁less ▁than ▁the ▁official ▁number ▁published . ▁▁ ▁( 8 ) ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁ ▁( 3 ) ▁ ▁( 9 ) ▁ ▁( 6 ) ▁ ▁( 6 ) ▁ ▁( 8 ) ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁ ▁( 3 ) ▁ ▁( 7 ) ▁ ▁( 9 ) ▁ ▁( 8 ) ▁▁ ▁( 6 ) ▁ ▁( 9 ) ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁ ▁( 7 ) ▁ ▁( 7 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 9 ) ▁ ▁( 8 ) ▁ ▁( 9 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 6 ) ▁ ▁( 9 ) ▁▁ ▁( 6 ) ▁ ▁( 9 ) ▁ ▁( 9 ) ▁ ▁( 4 ) ▁ ▁( |
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