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9 6 4 . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁he ▁became ▁quite ▁pro l ific ▁and ▁further ▁ref ined ▁his ▁unique ▁style ▁through ▁the ▁publication ▁of ▁poetry , ▁aut obi ographical ▁works , ▁fiction ▁and ▁criticism . ▁He ▁also ▁lived ▁in ▁Dublin ▁and ▁W ick low , ▁London , ▁Madrid , ▁Mal aga , ▁Mexico ▁City ▁and ▁the ▁Se ych elles . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁he ▁married ▁Win if red ▁Don lea ▁O ' Car roll . ▁ ▁Win if red ▁had ▁two ▁children ▁from ▁her ▁previous ▁marriage ▁to ▁the ▁writer ▁and ▁professor ▁Harry ▁Thor nt on ▁Moore . ▁ ▁The ▁children ▁are ▁Col . ▁Brian ▁D . ▁Moore , ▁US MC , ▁Ret . ▁and ▁a ▁daughter ▁who ▁pre fers ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁in ▁this ▁article . ▁ ▁Edward ▁and ▁Win if red ▁had ▁two ▁children , ▁Geoff rey ▁D ahl berg ▁and ▁Kevin ▁O ' Car roll . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁three ▁grand children , ▁Kath le en ▁O ' Car roll , ▁Br idget ▁O ' Car roll ▁and ▁F iona ▁O ' Car roll . ▁ ▁He ▁then ▁married ▁R ' l ene ▁La F leur ▁How ell , ▁the ▁second ▁of ▁his ▁three ▁w ives . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁he ▁married ▁his ▁long time ▁mist ress , ▁Julia ▁Law lor ▁from ▁County ▁Cav an , ▁Ireland . ▁ ▁Edward , ▁R l ene , ▁and ▁Julia ▁res
ided ▁in ▁Dublin ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁to ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁ ▁Edward ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁member ▁of ▁an ▁Irish ▁literary ▁group ▁that ▁met ▁at ▁Mc Da id ' s ▁Pub ▁near ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Dublin . ▁M embers ▁of ▁this ▁group ▁included ▁Frank ▁O ' Con nor , ▁Br end an ▁and ▁Domin ic ▁Be han , ▁Patrick ▁K avan agh , ▁James ▁L idd y , ▁G are ch ▁Brow ne , ▁Patrick ▁Gal vin ▁and ▁occasionally ▁Frank ▁McC ourt ▁and ▁many ▁others ▁with ▁music ▁often ▁provided ▁by ▁The ▁Dublin ers . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Institute ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Let ters . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁G ug gen heim ▁Fellow ship . ▁D ahl berg ▁died ▁in ▁Santa ▁Barbara , ▁California , ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁Selected ▁works ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁B ottom ▁D ogs ▁▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁From ▁Fl ushing ▁to ▁Cal v ary ▁▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁Those ▁Who ▁Per ish ▁▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁Do ▁These ▁B ones ▁Live , ▁ess ays ▁▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁Sing ▁O ▁Bar ren , ▁revision ▁of ▁Do ▁These ▁B ones ▁Live ▁▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁Fle a ▁of ▁S od om , ▁ess ays ▁and ▁par ables ▁▁ 1
9 5 7 ▁The ▁Sor rows ▁of ▁Pri ap us ▁▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Can ▁These ▁B ones ▁Live , ▁second ▁revision ▁of ▁Do ▁These ▁B ones ▁Live ▁▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁Tr uth ▁Is ▁More ▁Sac red ▁▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁Because ▁I ▁Was ▁F lesh , ▁aut obi ography ▁▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁Al ms ▁for ▁O bl iv ion , ▁ess ays ▁and ▁rem in isc ences ▁▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁Re asons ▁of ▁the ▁Heart : ▁Max ims ▁▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁C ip ango ’ s ▁H inder ▁Do or , ▁po ems ▁▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁The ▁D ahl berg ▁Re ader ▁▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁Ep it ap hs ▁of ▁Our ▁Times , ▁letters ▁▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁The ▁Le a fl ess ▁American , ▁mis cell any ▁▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁The ▁Car nal ▁M yth : ▁A ▁Search ▁In to ▁Class ical ▁S ens ual ity ▁▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁The ▁Conf essions ▁of ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg , ▁aut obi ography ▁and ▁fiction ▁▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁The ▁O live ▁of ▁Min erva : ▁Or , ▁The ▁Com edy ▁of ▁a ▁C uck old ▁▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁ ▁Samuel ▁Beck ett ' s ▁W ake ▁& ▁Other ▁Un collect ed ▁Pro se ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Other ▁sources ▁Bill ings , ▁Harold ▁A ▁Bibli ography ▁of ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁( Har ry ▁R ans om ▁Human ities ; ▁
1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁Mor amar co , ▁Fred ▁S . ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁( T way ne ▁Publishing . ▁ 1 9 7 2 ) ▁ ▁De F anti , ▁Charles ▁The ▁W ages ▁of ▁Ex pect ation : ▁A ▁Biography ▁of ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁( New ▁York ▁University ▁Press . ▁▁ 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁Sol omon , ▁William , ▁Liter ature , ▁Am usement , ▁and ▁Technology ▁in ▁the ▁Great ▁De pression ( C amb ridge ▁University ▁Press : ▁ 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁Collection ▁at ▁the ▁Harry ▁R ans om ▁Human ities ▁Research ▁Center ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Texas ▁at ▁Austin ▁Guide ▁to ▁the ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁Pap ers ▁at ▁Stan ford ▁University ▁University ▁of ▁Tul sa ▁Mc F ar lin ▁Library ' s ▁invent ory ▁of ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁papers ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁quotes ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁novel ists ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁Party ▁USA ▁Category : 1 9 0 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 7 ▁death s ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁Ber keley ▁al umn i ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁College ▁( New ▁York ) ▁al umn i ▁Category : American ▁male ▁novel ists ▁Category : American ▁male ▁ess ay ists ▁Category : Pro let arian ▁literature ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁ess ay ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Matthew ▁Gar
rett ▁For te ▁( born ▁December ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁American ▁football ▁running ▁back ▁who ▁played ▁ten ▁seasons ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁( N FL ). ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁at ▁Tul ane ▁and ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁NFL ▁D raft . ▁For te ▁established ▁himself ▁as ▁a ▁dual - th re at ▁running ▁back ▁who ▁is ▁capable ▁of ▁ear ning ▁yards ▁as ▁a ▁r ush er ▁and ▁receiver ▁and ▁he ' s ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁three ▁players ▁on ▁the ▁" 1 , 0 0 0 - yard ▁r ushing , ▁ 1 0 0 - catch ▁season " ▁club . ▁He ▁spent ▁eight ▁years ▁with ▁the ▁B ears ▁before ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁J ets ▁for ▁two ▁seasons . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁For te ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Sl id ell , ▁Louisiana , ▁and ▁graduated ▁from ▁Sl id ell ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁letter man ▁in ▁football ▁and ▁track ▁& ▁field . ▁As ▁a ▁junior , ▁he ▁r ushed ▁for ▁ 1 , 0 5 7 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁with ▁eight ▁r ushing ▁touch down s , ▁and ▁caught ▁ 3 0 ▁passes ▁for ▁ 3 6 5 ▁yards ▁and ▁three ▁receiving ▁touch down s . ▁As ▁a ▁senior , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁St . ▁Tam many ▁Par ish ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year , ▁District ▁
5 - 5 A ▁Off ensive ▁M VP ▁and ▁received ▁All - Met ro ▁selection ▁acc ol ades , ▁as ▁he ▁gained ▁ 1 , 3 7 5 ▁yards ▁with ▁ 2 3 ▁touch down s ▁and ▁caught ▁ 1 8 ▁passes ▁for ▁ 2 5 3 ▁yards ▁and ▁two ▁r ushing ▁touch down s . ▁He ▁tot aled ▁ 2 , 4 3 2 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁and ▁ 3 1 ▁in ▁his ▁career ▁while ▁also ▁catch ing ▁ 4 8 ▁passes ▁for ▁ 6 1 8 ▁receiving ▁yards ▁and ▁five ▁receiving ▁touch down s . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁stand out ▁spr inter , ▁For te ▁competed ▁in ▁track ▁and ▁had ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁better ▁ 1 0 0 m ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 m ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁Orleans ▁area ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁with ▁personal - b ests ▁of ▁ 1 0 . 6 8 ▁seconds ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 ▁meters ▁and ▁ 2 2 . 1 0 ▁seconds ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 ▁meters . ▁ ▁College ▁career ▁For te ▁played ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁college ▁football ▁at ▁Tul ane ▁University ▁in ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁Louisiana , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Conference ▁USA . ▁He ▁letter ed ▁for ▁four ▁years ▁and ▁played ▁for ▁three ▁while ▁purs uing ▁a ▁degree ▁in ▁fin ance . ▁As ▁a ▁fresh man , ▁he ▁had ▁ 6 2 4 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁and ▁four ▁r ushing ▁touch down s ▁to ▁go ▁along ▁with ▁ 2 0 ▁reception s ▁for
▁ 1 8 0 ▁yards ▁and ▁two ▁receiving ▁touch down s . ▁As ▁a ▁s oph om ore , ▁he ▁had ▁ 6 5 5 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁and ▁four ▁r ushing ▁touch down s ▁to ▁go ▁along ▁with ▁ 2 3 ▁reception s ▁for ▁ 1 6 3 ▁yards ▁and ▁one ▁receiving ▁touch down . ▁His ▁junior ▁year ▁was ▁cut ▁short ▁when ▁he ▁suffered ▁an ▁injury ▁in ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁Marshall . ▁He ▁finished ▁his ▁junior ▁season ▁with ▁ 8 5 9 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁and ▁eight ▁r ushing ▁touch down s ▁to ▁go ▁along ▁with ▁ 2 8 ▁reception s ▁for ▁ 3 6 0 ▁receiving ▁yards ▁and ▁two ▁receiving ▁touch down s . ▁His ▁stand out ▁season ▁was ▁his ▁senior ▁year , ▁coming ▁off ▁a ▁kne e ▁injury , ▁For te ▁set ▁several ▁Tul ane ▁school ▁records , ▁including ▁r ushing ▁for ▁ 2 , 1 2 7 ▁yards ▁and ▁ 2 3 ▁touch down s . ▁He ▁had ▁five ▁ 2 0 0 + ▁yard ▁r ushing ▁games , ▁two ▁ 3 0 0 + ▁yard ▁games , ▁and ▁three ▁games ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁four ▁r ushing ▁touch down s ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁season . ▁For te ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁B CS ▁non - A Q ▁conference ▁ath lete ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁semif inal ist ▁for ▁both ▁the ▁Max well ▁and ▁Do ak ▁Walker ▁Awards ▁and ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁Walter ▁Camp ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁List , ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁just ▁ 3 ▁players ▁nation
ally ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁to ▁all ▁three ▁lists . ▁ ▁For te ▁gar ner ed ▁the ▁most ▁attention ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Senior ▁Bowl ▁in ▁Mobile , ▁Alabama , ▁and ▁walked ▁away ▁with ▁the ▁Over all ▁M VP ▁award . ▁He ▁led ▁with ▁ 5 9 ▁yards ▁r ushing ▁on ▁ 8 ▁car ries ; ▁ 4 ▁reception s ▁for ▁ 3 8 ▁yards ▁and ▁a ▁tack le ▁on ▁special ▁teams . ▁ ▁Colleg iate ▁statistics ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ors ▁ ▁Conference ▁USA ▁All - F resh man ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁▁ 2 × ▁All - Con ference ▁USA ▁( 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Third - team ▁AP ▁All - American ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Do ak ▁Walker ▁Award ▁semif inal ist ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Max well ▁Award ▁semif inal ist ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Senior ▁Bowl ▁M VP ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁ ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁season ▁The ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁draft ed ▁For te ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁NFL ▁D raft ▁as ▁the ▁ 4 4 th ▁overall ▁selection , ▁the ▁sixth ▁of ▁ 2 3 ▁running ▁back s ▁taken ▁that ▁year . ▁He ▁was ▁originally ▁draft ed ▁to ▁comp ete ▁with ▁C ed ric ▁B enson ▁for ▁the ▁team ' s ▁starting ▁running ▁back ▁position . ▁However ,
▁B enson ▁was ▁released ▁from ▁the ▁B ears ▁after ▁legal ▁comp lications , ▁and ▁For te ▁out - comp et ed ▁Ad rian ▁Pet erson ▁and ▁second - year ▁running ▁back ▁Gar rett ▁Wol fe ▁and ▁started ▁all ▁ 1 6 ▁games . ▁In ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁debut ▁on ▁September ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁against ▁the ▁Indian apolis ▁Col ts , ▁he ▁carried ▁the ▁ball ▁ 2 3 ▁times ▁for ▁ 1 2 3 ▁yards ▁( setting ▁a ▁franch ise ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁debut ▁r ushing ▁yards ) ▁and ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁career ▁touch down ▁on ▁a ▁ 5 0 - yard ▁run ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 9 – 1 3 ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁Col ts . ▁His ▁efforts ▁earned ▁him ▁Sunday ▁Night ▁Football ’ s ▁“ Hor se ▁Tra iler ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Game ” ▁award . ▁ ▁He ▁had ▁two ▁more ▁ 1 0 0 + ▁yard ▁r ushing ▁games ▁on ▁the ▁season , ▁and ▁in ▁Game ▁ 1 2 ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁B ears ▁ro ok ie ▁to ▁r ush ▁for ▁over ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁yards ▁since ▁Anthony ▁Thomas ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁He ▁finished ▁with ▁franch ise ▁ro ok ie ▁records ▁of ▁ 3 1 6 ▁car ries ▁ ▁for ▁ 1 , 2 3 8 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁( the ▁latter ▁since ▁broken ▁by ▁Jordan ▁Howard ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ). ▁His ▁ 1 , 7 1 5 ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age
▁was ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁NFL , ▁and ▁broke ▁Hall ▁of ▁F amer ▁G ale ▁Say ers ' s ▁team ▁record ▁of ▁ 1 , 3 7 4 ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁For te ▁led ▁all ▁ro ok ie ▁running ▁back s ▁in ▁total ▁yards ▁and ▁reception s , ▁those ▁ 6 1 ▁reception s ▁also ▁breaking ▁Mike ▁Dit ka ' s ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁franch ise ▁ro ok ie ▁record . ▁He ▁received ▁one ▁vote ▁for ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁Ro ok ie ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Award , ▁finishing ▁behind ▁Ryan ▁Cl ady , ▁Chris ▁Johnson , ▁and ▁Matt ▁Ryan . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁season ▁ ▁For te ▁recorded ▁just ▁ 1 5 0 ▁total ▁yards ▁over ▁the ▁first ▁three ▁games ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁before ▁his ▁first ▁big ▁game ▁in ▁Week ▁ 4 ▁against ▁the ▁Detroit ▁L ions , ▁during ▁which ▁he ▁r ushed ▁for ▁ 1 2 1 ▁yards ▁and ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁touch down . ▁He ▁aver aged ▁ 5 0 . 6 ▁yards ▁per ▁game ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁ 1 1 ▁games ▁with ▁just ▁three ▁touch down s , ▁before ▁a ▁ 1 0 1 - yard ▁finale ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁divis ional ▁game ▁against ▁the ▁Detroit ▁L ions . ▁His ▁ 9 2 9 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁was ▁ 1 8 th ▁in ▁the ▁league , ▁down ▁from ▁sevent h ▁in ▁his ▁ro ok ie ▁season . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁season ▁In ▁a ▁pr ese ason ▁game ▁against ▁the
▁Oak land ▁Ra iders , ▁For te ▁ran ▁for ▁an ▁ 8 9 - yard ▁touch down , ▁which ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁longest ▁run ▁in ▁B ears ▁history ▁if ▁it ▁had ▁occurred ▁during ▁a ▁regular ▁season ▁game . ▁In ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁op ener , ▁For te ▁had ▁a ▁career - best ▁ 1 5 1 ▁receiving ▁yards ▁including ▁two ▁touch down s , ▁one ▁of ▁ 8 9 ▁and ▁a ▁game - win ning ▁ 2 8 ▁yard er ; ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁N FC ▁Off ensive ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Week . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 5 ▁against ▁the ▁Carolina ▁Pan thers , ▁For te ▁had ▁touch down ▁runs ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 6 8 ▁yards , ▁the ▁latter ▁a ▁career ▁long , ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁ 1 6 6 ▁total ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁on ▁the ▁day . ▁For te ▁was ▁named ▁Fed Ex ▁Gr ound ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁for ▁this ▁week . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 1 1 ▁at ▁the ▁Miami ▁Dol ph ins , ▁the ▁season ' s ▁first ▁Th urs day ▁Night ▁Football ▁game , ▁For te ▁r ushed ▁for ▁ 9 7 ▁yards ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁car ries ▁and ▁scored ▁the ▁game ' s ▁only ▁touch down ▁on ▁a ▁ 2 - yard ▁run ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁quarter ▁as ▁the ▁B ears ▁shut out ▁the ▁Dol ph ins , ▁ 1 6 – 0 . ▁Over ▁the ▁last ▁seven ▁games ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁For te ▁had ▁at ▁least ▁ 9 0 ▁r ushing
▁yards ▁in ▁five ▁of ▁them . ▁His ▁ 1 , 6 1 6 ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age ▁ranked ▁t enth ▁in ▁the ▁NFL . ▁ ▁The ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁finished ▁with ▁an ▁ 1 1 – 5 ▁record ▁and ▁made ▁the ▁play offs . ▁In ▁the ▁Div is ional ▁Round , ▁For te ▁recorded ▁ 8 0 ▁yards ▁r ushing ▁and ▁ 5 4 ▁yards ▁receiving ▁in ▁a ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁Seattle ▁Se ah aw ks , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁only ▁player ▁in ▁B ears ▁post - season ▁history ▁with ▁ 1 0 + ▁reception s ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 1 – 1 4 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Green ▁Bay ▁Pack ers ▁in ▁the ▁N FC ▁Championship . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁season ▁For te ▁began ▁the ▁season ▁primarily ▁as ▁a ▁receiver . ▁He ▁recorded ▁ 6 8 , ▁ 4 9 , ▁and ▁two ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁three ▁games ; ▁but had ▁▁ 9 0 , ▁ 1 1 7 , ▁and ▁ 8 0 ▁receiving ▁yards , ▁respectively . ▁This ▁changed ▁in ▁Week ▁ 4 , ▁when ▁For te ▁r ushed ▁for ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 2 0 5 ▁yards ▁and ▁one ▁r ushing ▁touch down ▁against ▁the ▁Carolina ▁Pan thers , ▁starting ▁a ▁stretch ▁of ▁four ▁ 1 0 0 + ▁yard ▁r ushing ▁performances ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁five ▁games . ▁Through ▁nine ▁games , ▁For te ▁lead ▁the ▁B ears ▁in ▁r ush ▁attempts , ▁r ush ▁yards , ▁reception s , ▁and
▁receiving ▁yards ; ▁and ▁through ▁Week ▁ 8 ▁led ▁the ▁league ▁in ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age . ▁In ▁a ▁game ▁against ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁E ag les , ▁For te ▁joined ▁H ersch el ▁Walker ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁players ▁with ▁ 7 0 0 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁and ▁ 4 0 0 ▁receiving ▁yards ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁four ▁seasons , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁only ▁player ▁with ▁ 9 0 0 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁and ▁ 4 0 0 ▁receiving ▁yards . ▁After ▁three ▁less ▁product ive ▁games , ▁For te ▁sp rained ▁his ▁M CL ▁in ▁a ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Chief s , ▁ending ▁his ▁season ▁with ▁ 9 9 7 ▁r ushing ▁yards , ▁three ▁r ushing ▁touch down s , ▁ 4 9 0 ▁receiving ▁yards , ▁and ▁one ▁receiving ▁touch down . ▁However , ▁he ▁was ▁placed ▁on ▁the ▁N FC ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Pro ▁Bowl ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁his ▁career , ▁making ▁him ▁the ▁first ▁B ears ▁running ▁back ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁Pro ▁Bowl ▁since ▁Ne al ▁Anderson ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁For te ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁franch ise ▁tag ▁by ▁the ▁B ears , ▁worth ▁$ 7 . 7 4 ▁million . ▁However , ▁For te ▁expressed ▁his ▁fr ustration ▁and ▁refused ▁to ▁sign ▁the ▁tender , ▁which ▁eventually ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁B ears ▁signing ▁Michael ▁Bush .
▁For te ▁then ▁held ▁out ▁for ▁a ▁long - term ▁contract , ▁ski pping ▁the ▁organized ▁team ▁activity ▁( OT A ) ▁work outs , ▁before ▁finally ▁agree ing ▁to ▁a ▁four - year , ▁$ 3 2 ▁million ▁deal . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 2 ▁against ▁the ▁Green ▁Bay ▁Pack ers , ▁For te ▁sust ained ▁an ▁an k le ▁injury ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁tack led ▁by ▁Pack ers ▁corner back ▁Charles ▁Wood son , ▁originally ▁reported ▁as ▁a ▁dangerous ▁" high ▁an k le ▁sp rain " ▁but ▁later ▁down - grad ed ▁and ▁he ▁only ▁missed ▁one ▁game . ▁On ▁the ▁season , ▁he ▁had ▁three ▁ 1 0 0 + ▁yard ▁r ushing ▁performances , ▁and ▁one ▁game ▁with ▁ 5 0 + ▁yards ▁receiving . ▁For te ▁ended ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁career - low ▁ 4 4 ▁reception s ▁for ▁ 3 4 0 ▁yards , ▁and ▁dropped ▁out ▁from ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 0 ▁in ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁season ▁In ▁Week ▁ 3 ▁against ▁the ▁Pitts burgh ▁Ste el ers , ▁For te ▁had ▁a ▁ 5 5 - yard ▁run , ▁and ▁the ▁following ▁week ▁against ▁the ▁Detroit ▁L ions , ▁had ▁a ▁ 5 3 - yard ▁run , ▁making ▁him ▁the ▁first ▁B ears ▁running ▁back ▁to ▁record ▁runs ▁of ▁ 5 0 + ▁yards ▁in ▁back - to - back ▁games ▁since ▁Ray mont ▁Harris ▁in ▁ 1 9
9 7 . ▁Two ▁weeks ▁later , ▁against ▁the ▁New ▁Orleans ▁Sain ts , ▁For te ▁passed ▁Rick ▁Cas ares ▁for ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁all - time ▁leading ▁r ush er ▁list ▁with ▁ 5 , 7 0 2 ▁career ▁yards , ▁behind ▁Walter ▁Pay ton ▁and ▁Ne al ▁Anderson . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 7 ▁against ▁the ▁Washington ▁Red sk ins , ▁For te ▁scored ▁three ▁r ushing ▁touch down s . ▁Again st ▁the ▁Detroit ▁L ions ▁in ▁Week ▁ 1 0 , ▁For te ▁recorded ▁ 4 9 ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age ▁to ▁bring ▁his ▁season ▁total ▁to ▁ 1 , 0 2 3 , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁player ▁in ▁B ears ▁history ▁and ▁ 1 8 th ▁NFL ▁player ▁to ▁record ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age ▁in ▁each ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁six ▁seasons . ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁For te ▁passed ▁Ne al ▁Anderson ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁most ▁career ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁in ▁B ears ▁franch ise ▁history . ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 7 , ▁For te ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Pro ▁Bowl . ▁In ▁the ▁Week ▁ 1 7 ▁loss ▁to ▁Green ▁Bay , ▁For te ▁recorded ▁his ▁ 2 0 th ▁ 1 0 0 - yard ▁r ushing ▁game , ▁t ying ▁G ale ▁Say ers ▁for ▁the ▁second - most ▁in ▁B ears ▁history . ▁He ▁also ▁had ▁three ▁touch down s ,
▁becoming ▁the ▁third ▁Bear ▁with ▁two ▁three - touch down ▁games ▁in ▁a ▁season . ▁For te ▁ended ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁career - high ▁nine ▁r ushing ▁touch down s ▁along ▁with ▁ 1 , 9 3 3 ▁total ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age , ▁fifth - most ▁in ▁team ▁history ▁and ▁the ▁second - most ▁behind ▁Pay ton . ▁For te ▁also ▁had ▁ 1 , 3 3 9 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁during ▁the ▁season , ▁the ▁nin th - most ▁in ▁franch ise ▁history . ▁For te ' s ▁ 1 , 3 3 9 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁ranked ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁NFL ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁while ▁his ▁all - pur pose ▁yards ▁from ▁ 1 , 9 3 3 ▁yards ▁ranked ▁fourth . ▁Following ▁the ▁regular ▁season ' s ▁conclusion , ▁For te ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁final ists ▁for ▁the ▁Fed Ex ▁Gr ound ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Award , ▁but ▁finished ▁runner - up ▁to ▁Le Se an ▁Mc Co y ▁and ▁J ama al ▁Charles . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁season ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁For te ▁solid ified ▁his ▁reputation ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁receiving ▁back s ▁in ▁NFL ▁history , ▁with ▁five ▁or ▁more ▁reception s ▁in ▁ 1 4 ▁of ▁ 1 6 ▁games . ▁This ▁included ▁twelve ▁reception s ▁for ▁ 1 0 5 ▁yards ▁in ▁the ▁fifth ▁game , ▁followed ▁by ▁ten ▁reception s ▁for
▁ 7 7 ▁in ▁the ▁sixth ▁game , ▁becoming ▁just ▁the ▁fourth ▁Bear ▁( since ▁joined ▁by ▁Al sh on ▁J ef fer y ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ), ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁running ▁back ▁in ▁NFL ▁history ▁with ▁back - to - back ▁ 1 0 + ▁reception ▁games . ▁He ▁ended ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁ 1 0 2 ▁reception s , ▁breaking ▁Larry ▁Cent ers ' ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁record ▁for ▁running ▁back s , ▁which ▁was ▁later ▁e cli ps ed ▁by ▁Carolina ▁Pan thers ▁running ▁back , ▁Christian ▁McC aff rey ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁For te ▁also ▁had ▁three ▁ 1 0 0 + ▁yard ▁r ushing ▁games , ▁and ▁nine ▁games ▁with ▁ 1 0 0 + ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age . ▁He ▁passed ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁yards ▁r ushing ▁for ▁the ▁third ▁consecutive ▁season ▁( jo ining ▁Ne al ▁Anderson ▁and ▁Walter ▁Pay ton ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁B ears ▁to ▁do ▁so ), ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁fifth ▁time ▁in ▁his ▁career ▁( second ▁only ▁to ▁Pay ton ). ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁season ▁For te ▁began ▁his ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁season - best ▁ 1 4 1 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁against ▁Green ▁Bay , ▁his ▁best ▁since ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁season . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 3 , ▁For te ▁had ▁zero ▁reception s ▁sn apping ▁a ▁stre ak ▁of ▁ 4 9 ▁consecutive ▁games , ▁
1 7 th ▁all - time ▁among ▁running ▁back s . ▁His ▁production ▁was ▁sub - par ▁even ▁before ▁a ▁kne e ▁injury ▁at ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁Minnesota ' s ▁Harrison ▁Smith ▁s idel ined ▁him ▁for ▁three ▁games . ▁In ▁ 1 3 ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁season , ▁For te ▁r ushed ▁for ▁ 8 9 8 ▁yards ▁and ▁four ▁touch down s , ▁and ▁caught ▁ 4 4 ▁passes ▁for ▁ 3 8 9 ▁yards ▁and ▁three ▁touch down s , ▁a ▁then - care er - low ▁ 1 , 2 8 7 ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age . ▁He ▁was ▁ranked ▁ 9 0 th ▁by ▁his ▁fellow ▁players ▁on ▁the ▁NFL ▁Top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Play ers ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁For te ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁B ears ▁were ▁not ▁going ▁to ▁attempt ▁to ▁re - sign ▁him ▁in ▁free ▁ag ency . ▁Ryan ▁P ace , ▁the ▁B ears ' ▁general ▁manager , ▁later ▁confirmed ▁the ▁B ears ▁were ▁not ▁going ▁to ▁re - sign ▁For te . ▁He ▁pra ised ▁For te ' s ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁B ears ▁by ▁stating , ▁" M att ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁all - time ▁great ▁B ears ▁and ▁did ▁an ▁excellent ▁job ▁for ▁us ▁on ▁and ▁off ▁the ▁field ▁last ▁season ." ▁ ▁New ▁York ▁J ets ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁season ▁On ▁March
▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁For te ▁signed ▁a ▁three - year , ▁$ 1 2 ▁million ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁J ets . ▁In ▁his ▁J ets ▁debut , ▁during ▁their ▁season - open ing ▁loss ▁against ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als , ▁For te ▁had ▁ 2 2 ▁car ries ▁for ▁ 9 6 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁and ▁five ▁catch es ▁for ▁ 5 9 ▁receiving ▁yards ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 3 – 2 2 ▁loss . ▁The ▁following ▁week , ▁he ▁finished ▁a ▁ 3 7 – 3 1 ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁B ills ▁with ▁ 3 0 ▁car ries ▁for ▁ 1 0 0 ▁yards ▁and ▁tied ▁a ▁career - high ▁with ▁three ▁r ushing ▁touch down s . ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁For te ▁carried ▁the ▁ball ▁ 3 0 ▁times ▁for ▁ 1 0 0 ▁yards ▁and ▁a ▁r ushing ▁touch down ▁while ▁also ▁making ▁four ▁reception s ▁for ▁ 5 4 ▁receiving ▁yards ▁and ▁caught ▁his ▁first ▁touch down ▁reception ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁in ▁a ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Baltimore ▁Rav ens . ▁He ▁was ▁placed ▁on ▁injured ▁reserve ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁with ▁a ▁kne e ▁injury . ▁The ▁ 5 – 1 1 ▁J ets ▁frequently ▁fell ▁behind ▁early ▁in ▁games , ▁and ▁For te ▁split ▁r ushing ▁duties ▁with ▁Bil al ▁Pow ell . ▁He ▁finished ▁his ▁first ▁season ▁as
▁a ▁Jet ▁with ▁a ▁career - low ▁ 8 1 3 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁with ▁seven ▁touch down s ▁to ▁go ▁along ▁with ▁ 3 0 ▁reception s ▁for ▁ 2 6 3 ▁yards ▁and ▁one ▁touch down . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁season ▁For te ▁had ▁a ▁career - low ▁ 1 5 2 ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁three ▁games ▁before ▁a ▁toe ▁injury ▁s idel ined ▁him ▁for ▁two ▁weeks , ▁allowing ▁Bil al ▁Pow ell ▁to ▁emer ge ▁as ▁a ▁legit imate ▁replacement . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁game ▁with ▁ 1 0 ▁r ushing ▁attempts ▁until ▁Week ▁ 9 , ▁when ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁two ▁touch down s ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁against ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁B ills . ▁He ▁was ▁placed ▁on ▁injured ▁reserve ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁after ▁batt ling ▁a ▁kne e ▁injury ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁On ▁Christmas ▁E ve , ▁against ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Ch arg ers , ▁he ▁had ▁ 1 9 ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁and ▁seven ▁receiving ▁yards ▁in ▁what ▁would ▁be ▁his ▁final ▁professional ▁game . ▁Over all , ▁he ▁finished ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁season ▁with ▁ 3 8 1 ▁r ushing ▁yards , ▁two ▁r ushing ▁touch down s , ▁ 3 7 ▁reception s , ▁ 2 9 3 ▁receiving ▁yards , ▁and ▁one ▁receiving ▁touch down . ▁ ▁Ret irement ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0
1 8 , ▁For te ▁announced ▁his ▁ret irement ▁from ▁the ▁NFL ▁after ▁ 1 0 ▁seasons . ▁The ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁hon ored ▁both ▁For te ▁and ▁former ▁team mate ▁De vin ▁H ester ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 3 ▁during ▁a ▁press ▁conference ▁at ▁Hal as ▁Hall . ▁The ▁two ▁players ▁signed ▁cer emon ial ▁one - day ▁contract s ▁to ▁ret ire ▁as ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁B ears . ▁B ears ▁chairman ▁George ▁McC as key ▁pra ised ▁For te ' s ▁legacy ▁with ▁the ▁B ears , ▁la ud ing ▁the ▁former ▁running ▁back ▁as ▁" a ▁superior ▁ath lete ▁and ▁frequently ▁the ▁best ▁player ▁on ▁the ▁field ▁— ▁among ▁the ▁best ▁in ▁a ▁long ▁line ▁of ▁great ▁B ears ▁running ▁back s ." ▁ ▁For te ▁later ▁joined ▁N BC ▁Sports ▁Chicago ' s ▁Football ▁After show ▁as ▁an ▁anal yst ▁alongside ▁Laur ence ▁Hol mes ▁and ▁former ▁team m ates ▁Alex ▁Brown , ▁L ance ▁Brig gs , ▁and ▁O lin ▁Kre utz . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁Source : ▁ ▁Career ▁awards ▁and ▁highlight s ▁▁ 2 × ▁Pro ▁Bowl ▁( 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁NFL ▁All - R ook ie ▁Team ▁ ▁N FC ▁Off ensive ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁( Week ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Diet ▁Pe psi ▁NFL ▁Ro ok ie ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁( Week ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁B
ears ▁Fran ch ise ▁Records ▁ ▁Most ▁r ush ▁attempts , ▁ro ok ie ▁season ▁( 3 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Most ▁reception s , ▁ro ok ie ▁season ▁( 6 3 ) ▁ ▁Most ▁yards ▁from ▁sc rim m age , ▁ro ok ie ▁season ▁( 1 , 7 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Most ▁reception s , ▁post - season ▁game ▁( 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 - 0 1 - 2 3 ▁G NB ) ▁ ▁Games ▁with ▁ 3 + ▁T D s ▁in ▁a ▁season ▁( 2 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁tied ▁with ▁G ale ▁Say ers , ▁Walter ▁Pay ton , ▁and ▁Ne al ▁Anderson ) ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁For te ▁married ▁Daniel le ▁Daniel s ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁couple ▁has ▁two ▁children , ▁N ala ▁( born ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁and ▁Matthew ▁( born ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ). ▁For te ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁res ided ▁in ▁Met ta wa , ▁Illinois ▁during ▁his ▁ten ure ▁with ▁the ▁B ears . ▁ ▁For te ▁is ▁a ▁Christian ▁and ▁att ends ▁week ly ▁team ▁Bible ▁studies ▁and ▁chap els . ▁For te ▁has ▁spoken ▁about ▁his ▁faith ▁saying , ▁" When ▁people ▁look ▁at ▁me , ▁I ▁don ’ t ▁want ▁them ▁to ▁just ▁see ▁football . ▁I ▁want ▁my ▁faith ▁to ▁speak ▁for ▁me ▁and ▁that ▁it ’ s ▁about ▁more ▁than ▁that . ▁It ’ s ▁about ▁reaching
▁out ▁to ▁others ▁and ▁telling ▁them ▁about ▁your ▁faith ." ▁ ▁For te ▁earned ▁a ▁degree ▁in ▁Fin ance ▁from ▁Tul ane ▁University ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁spare ▁time , ▁For te ▁enjo ys ▁playing ▁video ▁games , ▁especially ▁Call ▁of ▁D ut y ▁ 4 : ▁Modern ▁War fare ▁and ▁H alo ▁ 3 ▁for ▁the ▁X box ▁ 3 6 0 . ▁For te ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁runner ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Ro ok ie ▁Mad den ▁Bowl . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁New ▁York ▁J ets ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Tul ane ▁Green ▁W ave ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁players ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁Category : American ▁football ▁running ▁back s ▁Category : Ch icago ▁B ears ▁players ▁Category : New ▁York ▁J ets ▁players ▁Category : National ▁Conference ▁Pro ▁Bowl ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Lake ▁Charles , ▁Louisiana ▁Category : Play ers ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁from ▁Louisiana ▁Category : T ul ane ▁Green ▁W ave ▁football ▁players ▁Category : Un con fer enced ▁Pro ▁Bowl ▁players ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Sl id ell , ▁Louisiana ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Lake ▁County , ▁Illinois <0x0A> </s> ▁Eric ▁Otto ▁Koch ▁( 3 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁– ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 8 )
▁was ▁a ▁German - born ▁Canadian ▁author , ▁broad c aster ▁and ▁academic . ▁ ▁Life ▁Koch ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁into ▁a ▁prominent ▁assim il ated ▁German ▁Jewish ▁family . ▁His ▁grand father ▁was ▁a ▁court ▁j ew eller ▁and ▁his ▁father , ▁Otto , ▁was ▁an ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁Army ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁who ▁died ▁during ▁routine ▁surg ery ▁while ▁Koch ▁was ▁still ▁an ▁infant . ▁The ▁young ▁Er ich ▁Koch ▁was ▁renamed ▁Otto ▁in ▁memory ▁of ▁his ▁father . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁after ▁the ▁Naz is ▁took ▁power , ▁he ▁was ▁sent ▁by ▁his ▁family ▁to ▁board ing ▁school ▁in ▁England ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁en rolled ▁at ▁C ran bro ok ▁School ▁in ▁Kent ▁before ▁en rolling ▁at ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁to ▁study ▁econom ics ▁and ▁then ▁law . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁he ▁and ▁other ▁Germ ans ▁resident ▁in ▁Britain ▁were ▁det ained ▁as ▁enemy ▁al iens . ▁Koch ▁was ▁deport ed ▁to ▁Canada ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁at ▁an ▁intern ment ▁camp ▁in ▁Sher bro oke , ▁Quebec ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁when ▁he ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁fellow ▁inter ne es ▁were ▁recogn ised ▁by ▁the ▁government ▁as ▁" v ict ims ▁of ▁Naz i ▁ag gression " ▁and ▁released . ▁His ▁mother , ▁who ▁had ▁escaped ▁Germany ▁before ▁war ▁broke ▁out , ▁contact ed ▁the ▁Bir ks ▁family ▁in ▁Montreal , ▁j ew ellers
▁who ▁were ▁friends ▁of ▁the ▁Koch ▁family , ▁and ▁put ▁him ▁in ▁their ▁care . ▁His ▁guard ians ▁suggested ▁he ▁change ▁his ▁name ▁from ▁Otto ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁too ▁German ▁a ▁name ▁to ▁have ▁in ▁w art ime ▁and ▁so ▁Koch ▁ang lic ized ▁his ▁original ▁name ▁of ▁Er ich ▁to ▁Eric . ▁Having ▁been ▁granted ▁his ▁econom ics ▁degree ▁by ▁Cambridge ▁in ▁absent ia , ▁Koch ▁res umed ▁his ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Toronto ▁where ▁he ▁completed ▁his ▁law ▁degree , ▁pay ing ▁for ▁his ▁education ▁by ▁writing ▁articles ▁for ▁an ▁en cyc lopedia . ▁ ▁After ▁comple ting ▁university ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁Koch ▁found ▁work ▁teaching ▁French ▁at ▁Apple by ▁College ▁for ▁two ▁terms ▁and ▁then ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁writer ▁for ▁Saturday ▁Night ▁magazine . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁rec ru ited ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁German ▁Section ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Broadcast ing ▁Corporation ' s ▁new ▁International ▁Service ▁broadcast ing ▁program mes ▁from ▁Montreal ▁to ▁Germany , ▁initially ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Canada ' s ▁psych ological ▁war fare ▁campaign ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁and ▁subsequently ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁efforts ▁to ▁educ ate ▁Germ ans ▁in ▁dem ocracy . ▁Koch ▁remained ▁with ▁the ▁C BC ▁for ▁ 3 5 ▁years , ▁eventually ▁moving ▁to ▁the ▁domestic ▁English ▁language ▁service ▁of ▁C BC ▁and ▁serving ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Tal ks ▁and ▁Public ▁Affairs ▁in ▁Toronto .
▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁producer ▁of ▁the ▁C BC - TV ▁talk ▁show ▁Take ▁ 3 0 ▁and ▁h ired ▁future ▁Governor ▁General ▁of ▁Canada ▁Adri enne ▁Clark son ▁as ▁a ▁rep orter ▁for ▁the ▁show . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁super vis ing ▁producer ▁of ▁the ▁ground bre aking ▁and ▁controvers ial ▁current ▁affairs ▁programme ▁This ▁H our ▁Has ▁Seven ▁Days , ▁later ▁writing ▁a ▁book ▁about ▁the ▁program . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁to ▁Area ▁Head , ▁Arts ▁and ▁Science ▁and ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁radio ▁and ▁television ▁program mes . ▁Among ▁the ▁people ▁he ▁h ired ▁were ▁Barbara ▁Am iel ▁and ▁David ▁Su zu ki . ▁From ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁regional ▁director ▁in ▁Montreal . ▁ ▁He ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁C BC ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁writing ▁books ▁and ▁teaching ▁at ▁York ▁University ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁course ▁director ▁in ▁the ▁Social ▁Science ▁Division ▁and ▁taught ▁a ▁course ▁on ▁The ▁Polit ics ▁of ▁Canadian ▁Broadcast ing ▁for ▁ 1 8 ▁years , ▁into ▁his ▁eight ies . ▁ ▁Koch ▁was ▁also ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁C ouch ich ing ▁Conference ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁▁▁ ▁He ▁published ▁his ▁first ▁novel ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 5 0 ,
▁The ▁French ▁K iss , ▁about ▁Charles ▁de ▁Ga ulle ▁and ▁Quebec , ▁and ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁ 4 8 ▁years ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 5 ▁nov els ▁in ▁English , ▁one ▁novel ▁in ▁German , ▁a ▁play , ▁varying ▁in ▁genre ▁from ▁sat ire ▁to ▁historical ▁fiction , ▁and ▁five ▁works ▁of ▁non - f iction . ▁Hil mar ▁and ▁Od ette , ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁two ▁of ▁his ▁half - J ew ish ▁relatives ▁who ▁remained ▁in ▁Germany ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁and ▁their ▁contrast ing ▁f ates , ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Y ad ▁V ash em ▁Prize ▁for ▁Hol oca ust ▁Writing ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁His ▁historical ▁fiction ▁has ▁been ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁recent ▁German ▁past , ▁particularly ▁the ▁period ▁from ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁We imar ▁Republic , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁published ▁in ▁Germany ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Canada . ▁Koch ▁died ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 9 8 , ▁on ▁the ▁day ▁his ▁final ▁novel , ▁Be eth oven ’ s ▁L ocket , ▁was ▁launched . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁Sat ir ical ▁fiction ▁ ▁The ▁French ▁K iss : ▁A ▁T ong ue - In - Che ek ▁Political ▁Fant asy ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Le is ure ▁Ri ots ▁( 1 9 7 3 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Last ▁Th ing ▁You ' d ▁W ant ▁to ▁Know ▁( 1 9
7 6 ) ▁ ▁Good night , ▁Little ▁Sp y ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Historical ▁fiction ▁ ▁Icon ▁In ▁Love : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁About ▁Go ethe ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Man ▁Who ▁K new ▁Charlie ▁Chap lin ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁E arr ings : ▁Baden - B aden ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Prem on itions : ▁A ▁novel ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Arab ian ▁night s ! ▁ 1 9 1 4 : ▁a ▁novel ▁about ▁Kaiser ▁Wilhelm ▁II ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁The ▁We imar ▁Tri angle ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁Be eth oven ’ s ▁L ocket ▁ ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Science ▁fiction ▁ ▁K ass and rus ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁ ▁C . R . U . P . P .: ▁Two ▁Science ▁F iction ▁Nov els ▁( 1 9 9 0 ) ▁ ▁Non - f iction ▁ ▁Success ▁of ▁a ▁mission : ▁Lord ▁Dur ham ▁in ▁Canada ▁( 1 9 6 1 ) ▁ ▁De emed ▁Sus pect : ▁A ▁W art ime ▁Bl under ▁( 1 9 8 5 ) ▁( bi ographical ) ▁ ▁Inside ▁Seven ▁Days : ▁The ▁Show ▁That ▁Sho ok ▁the ▁Nation ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁ ▁Hil mar ▁and ▁Od ette : ▁Two ▁St ories ▁from ▁the ▁Naz i ▁Era ▁( 1 9 9 5
) ▁ ▁The ▁Brothers ▁Hamb ourg ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁I ▁Remember ▁the ▁Location ▁Ex actly ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁( family ▁history ) ▁ ▁The ▁Golden ▁Years : ▁Enc oun ters ▁with ▁Gl enn ▁G ould , ▁Marshall ▁Mc Lu han , ▁René ▁Lé ves que ▁and ▁John ▁G . ▁Die fen b aker ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁His ▁arch ival ▁records ▁are ▁preserved ▁at ▁York ▁University ▁L ibr aries ▁( F 4 7 2 ) ▁ ▁Eric ▁Koch ' s ▁blog ▁ ▁YouTube ▁channel ▁ ▁Eric ▁Koch ▁Biography ▁- ▁( born ▁ 1 9 1 9 ), ▁The ▁French ▁kiss , ▁tour ▁de ▁force , ▁Le is ure ▁ri ots ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁death s ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Canadian ▁male ▁writers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁German ▁novel ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Canadian ▁male ▁writers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁German ▁novel ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁male ▁novel ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁radio ▁personal ities ▁Category : G erman ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁Canada ▁Category : G erman ▁male ▁novel ists ▁Category : J ew ish ▁Canadian ▁writers ▁Category : J ew ish ▁em igr ants ▁from ▁Naz i ▁Germany ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Y ork ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁St ▁John '
s ▁College , ▁Cambridge <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁J ino ▁( also ▁sp elled ▁J inu o ) ▁people ▁( , ▁end onym : ▁ ▁or ▁) ▁are ▁a ▁Tib eto - B ur man ▁eth nic ▁group . ▁They ▁form ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 6 ▁eth nic ▁groups ▁officially ▁recognized ▁by ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁They ▁live ▁in ▁X ish u ang b anna ▁in ▁Y unn an ▁province , ▁China . ▁ ▁The ▁J ino ▁are ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁less ▁numerous ▁of ▁the ▁recognized ▁minor ities ▁in ▁China ▁and ▁the ▁last ▁one ▁included ▁as ▁" n ational ▁minor ity " ▁because ▁they ▁were ▁only ▁recognized ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁A ▁former ▁name ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁J ino , ▁You le , ▁means ▁" follow ing ▁the ▁mat ernal ▁uncle ," ▁an ▁indic ation ▁of ▁a ▁mat ril ine al ▁past . ▁ ▁The ▁J ino ▁have ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 0 , 9 0 0 ▁people ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁J ino ▁concent rate ▁in ▁the ▁J inos han ▁Mountain , ▁in ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁m ild ▁hills ▁with ▁wet ▁climate ▁near ▁M eng y ang ▁Township ▁in ▁J ing h ong ▁Municip ality , ▁X ish u ang b anna ▁D ai ▁Aut onom ous ▁Pref ect ure ▁of ▁Y unn an ▁Province . ▁They ▁live ▁in ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁about ▁ 7 0 x 5 0 ▁km .
▁They ▁live ▁in ▁subt rop ical ▁rain for est , ▁home ▁of ▁ele ph ants , ▁wild ▁ox en ▁and ▁mon keys . ▁ ▁Among ▁their ▁cultural ▁practices ▁is ▁to oth ▁painting , ▁in ▁which ▁so ot ▁made ▁from ▁p ear ▁trees ▁is ▁used . ▁ ▁Population ▁distribution ▁This ▁table ▁shows ▁the ▁population ▁distribution ▁of ▁the ▁J ino ▁national ity ▁on ▁the ▁county ▁level , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁figures ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁( Show ing ▁only ▁values ▁above ▁ 0 . 1 0 % .) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁J ino ▁eth nic ▁minor ity ▁( Ch inese ▁government ▁website ) ▁ ▁Category : Y unn an ▁Category : E th nic ▁groups ▁officially ▁recognized ▁by ▁China <0x0A> </s> ▁F lex ure ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁F lex ure , ▁a ▁flexible ▁element ▁( or ▁combination ▁of ▁elements ) ▁engine ered ▁to ▁be ▁comp li ant ▁in ▁specific ▁degrees ▁of ▁freedom . ▁ ▁B ending , ▁the ▁behavior ▁of ▁a ▁struct ural ▁element ▁subject ed ▁to ▁a ▁later al ▁load ▁ ▁F lex ure ▁bearing , ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁flex ure ▁designed ▁to ▁be ▁comp li ant ▁in ▁a ▁b ending ▁or ▁rotation ▁degree ▁of ▁freedom , ▁providing ▁functionality ▁similar ▁to ▁a ▁bearing ▁or ▁h inge ▁ ▁The ▁small ▁dist ort ion ▁of ▁an ▁astronom ical ▁instrument ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁weight ▁of ▁its ▁parts ; ▁the ▁amount ▁to ▁be ▁added ▁or ▁subtract ed ▁from ▁the ▁observed ▁read ings ▁of ▁the ▁instrument
▁to ▁correct ▁them ▁for ▁this ▁dist ort ion ▁ ▁Cur v ature , ▁the ▁deviation ▁from ▁straight ness ▁ ▁F lex ure ▁( emb ry ology ) ▁an ▁early ▁b ending ▁of ▁the ▁neural ▁t ube ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Living ▁h inge ▁▁▁ ▁B end ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁F lex ion ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁H ond uras ▁Open ▁was ▁a ▁golf ▁tournament ▁on ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Lat ino am érica ▁between ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁first ▁played ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁with ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁winner ▁being ▁Venez uel an ▁F eli pe ▁Vel áz quez . ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : P GA ▁Tour ▁Lat ino am érica ▁events ▁Category : Rec urr ing ▁sport ing ▁events ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Category : Rec urr ing ▁sport ing ▁events ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁Ham mer head ▁is ▁a ▁Min ne apolis ▁based ▁noise ▁rock ▁band ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁M embers ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁band ▁V az . ▁ ▁History ▁Ham mer head ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁Mo or head , ▁Minnesota ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁with ▁members ▁Paul ▁Er ick son , ▁Jeff ▁Mo or id ian ▁Jr . ▁and ▁Paul ▁Sand ers , ▁later ▁moving ▁to ▁Min ne apolis . ▁The ▁band ▁released ▁extens ively ▁through
▁Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records . ▁Their ▁major ▁break through ▁album ▁Du h ▁the ▁Big ▁City ▁gar ner ing ▁them ▁critical ▁acc laim , ▁however ▁after ▁its ▁release ▁Paul ▁Sand ers ▁left ▁the ▁group . ▁The ▁remaining ▁members ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁ ▁form ▁V az ▁after ▁experiment ing ▁with ▁other ▁line - ups . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁the ▁band ▁reun ited ▁and ▁released ▁an ▁EP ▁of ▁new ▁material , ▁Memory ▁H ole ▁EP , ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁they ▁released ▁a ▁new ▁EP , ▁Global ▁De pression , ▁and ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁they ▁published ▁New ▁D irection z , ▁their ▁first ▁full - length ▁album ▁since ▁re group ing ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁Full ▁Disc ography ▁including ▁ 7 " ▁and ▁spl its ▁ ▁Albums ▁ ▁E there al ▁K iller ▁LP / CD ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁AR R ▁ 3 6 / 2 2 6 , ▁am rep ▁ 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁In to ▁the ▁Vor tex ▁LP / CD ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁AR R ▁ 5 0 / 3 2 3 , am rep ▁ 0 2 6 ) ▁ ▁Du h , ▁the ▁Big ▁City ▁LP / CD ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt
ile ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁AR R / AR R CD ▁ 6 9 / 0 1 2 ▁am rep ▁ 0 4 2 ) ▁ ▁New ▁D irection z ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Pe ep ▁ 7 " ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁scale ▁ 4 2 ) ▁ ▁picture ▁disc , ▁research ▁and ▁development ▁series ▁ ▁Load ▁King ▁ 7 " ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁scale ▁ 4 6 ) ▁tour ▁only ▁ ▁Ev il ▁T win ▁ 1 0 " ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁scale ▁ 6 1 ) ▁ ▁tour ▁only ▁ ▁Earth ▁I ▁W on ' t ▁Miss ▁ 7 " ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁year ▁? , ▁scale ▁ 7 0 ) ▁ ▁tour ▁only ▁ ▁S pl its ▁ ▁split ▁ 7 ▁( O X O ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁O X O ▁ 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁P orn ▁No . 1 ▁ 7 " ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁scale ▁ 7 2 ) ▁ ▁EP s ▁ ▁Ev il ▁T win ▁ 1 0 "/ M CD ▁( Am ph et
am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁AR R ▁ 4 7 / 3 0 6 , am rep ▁ 0 2 4 ) ▁ ▁Memory ▁H ole ▁EP ▁( Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁tour ▁and ▁digital ▁release . ▁ ▁Global ▁De pression ▁( L ear ning ▁Cur ve ▁Records , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁tour ▁and ▁digital ▁release . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : American ▁noise ▁rock ▁music ▁groups ▁Category : Am ph et am ine ▁Re pt ile ▁Records ▁artists <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Cast elo ▁Rod r igo , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Sal g ad ela , ▁was ▁fought ▁on ▁ 7 ▁July ▁ 1 6 6 4 , ▁near ▁Fig ue ira ▁de ▁Cast elo ▁Rod r igo , ▁between ▁Spanish ▁and ▁Portuguese ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Rest oration ▁War . ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁sk irm ishes , ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Os una ▁attacked ▁the ▁castle ▁of ▁Cast elo ▁Rod r igo ▁with ▁ 7 , 0 0 0 ▁men ▁and ▁ 9 ▁pieces ▁of ▁art illery . ▁The ▁castle ▁was ▁only ▁def ended ▁by ▁ 1 5 0 ▁Portuguese . ▁ ▁The ▁military ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁province , ▁Pedro ▁Jacques ▁de ▁Mag al h ã es , ▁r al lied ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁men ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁rescue ▁of ▁Cast elo ▁Rod r igo . ▁ ▁A
▁battle ▁took ▁place ▁near ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁M ata ▁de ▁Lob os ▁in ▁" S alg ad ela " ▁which ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁the ▁Portuguese . ▁After ▁an ▁initial ▁Spanish ▁attack ▁was ▁rep elled , ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁counter - att ack ▁proved ▁decis ive . ▁Many ▁prisoners ▁were ▁taken ▁and ▁all ▁the ▁art illery ▁pieces ▁captured . ▁It ▁is ▁told ▁that ▁Os una ▁and ▁John ▁of ▁Austria ▁the ▁Young er , ▁escaped ▁dis gu ised ▁as ▁mon ks . ▁ ▁A ▁mem orial ▁stone ▁was ▁placed ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁battle field . ▁ ▁References ▁John ▁Murray ▁( F irm ), ▁A ▁hand book ▁for ▁trav ellers ▁in ▁Portugal : ▁A ▁complete ▁guide ▁for ▁Lis bon , ▁C int ra , ▁M af ra , ▁the ▁British ▁battle - fields , ▁Alc oba ça , ▁B atal ha , ▁O port o , ▁& c ▁( 1 8 6 4 ) ▁ Â ng elo ▁R ibe iro : ▁Hist ória ▁de ▁Portugal : ▁A ▁R esta ura ção ▁da ▁Independ ência - O ▁in ício ▁da ▁Din ast ia ▁de ▁B rag ança ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁John ▁Col in ▁Dun lop , ▁Mem oir s ▁of ▁Spain ▁during ▁the ▁reign s ▁of ▁Philip ▁IV . ▁and ▁Charles ▁II . ▁from ▁ 1 6 2 1 ▁to ▁ 1 7 0 0 ▁( 1 8 3 4 ) ▁ ▁Cast el ▁Rod r igo ▁Cast el ▁Rod r igo ▁Category : 1 6 6 4 ▁in ▁Portugal ▁Cast
elo ▁Rod r igo ▁Category : F igue ira ▁de ▁Cast elo ▁Rod r igo ▁Cast elo ▁Rod r igo <0x0A> </s> ▁O sk ar ▁Ste inv ik ▁( 1 0 ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁- ▁ 2 4 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Norwegian ▁politician ▁for ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party . ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁deput y ▁representative ▁in ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁Parliament ▁from ▁S ør - Tr ø nd el ag ▁during ▁the ▁term ▁ 1 9 5 8 – 1 9 6 1 . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁local ▁level ▁Ste inv ik ▁was ▁mayor ▁of ▁Fr ø ya ▁municipality ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁to ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Lab our ▁Party ▁( N or way ) ▁polit icians ▁Category : De put y ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁St ort ing ▁Category : May ors ▁of ▁Fr ø ya , ▁S ør - Tr ø nd el ag <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Town ▁Hall ▁of ▁Sand wich , ▁New ▁Ham pshire , ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ 8 ▁Map le ▁Street ▁( New ▁Ham pshire ▁Route ▁ 1 1 3 ) ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Center ▁Sand wich . ▁Bu ilt ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁hand some ▁example ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Rev ival ▁architecture , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁prominent ▁foc al ▁point ▁of ▁the
▁town ' s ▁civ ic ▁and ▁social ▁life ▁since ▁its ▁construction . ▁The ▁building ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Description ▁and ▁history ▁Sand wich ' s ▁Town ▁Hall ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁Map le ▁Street , ▁a ▁short ▁way ▁north ▁of ▁its ▁j unction ▁with ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Route ▁ 1 0 9 . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 - 1 / 2 ▁story ▁wood ▁frame ▁structure , ▁with ▁a ▁cla p board ed ▁exterior ▁and ▁g abled ▁roof . ▁It ▁rest s ▁on ▁an ▁old ▁foundation ▁of ▁cut ▁gran ite ▁blocks . ▁The ▁main ▁fac ade ▁has ▁a ▁temple - front ▁appearance , ▁although ▁it ▁is ▁achieved ▁with ▁four ▁pil aster s ▁rather ▁than ▁columns , ▁supporting ▁a ▁fully ▁ped iment ed ▁g able ▁end . ▁Each ▁of ▁the ▁ground - floor ▁b ays ▁has ▁an ▁entrance ▁in ▁it , ▁the ▁outer ▁ones ▁to pped ▁by ▁four - light ▁trans om ▁windows . ▁The ▁center ▁entry ▁is ▁more ▁elaborate , ▁with ▁a ▁double - leaf ▁door ▁to pped ▁by ▁a ▁double - height ▁trans om , ▁ent abl ature ▁and ▁g abled ▁ped iment . ▁Windows ▁are ▁placed ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁floor , ▁that ▁in ▁the ▁center ▁a ▁three - part ▁window ▁with ▁narrow ▁side ▁pan els . ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁on ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁town ▁hall , ▁which ▁was ▁destroyed ▁by ▁fire ▁in ▁that ▁year
. ▁The ▁Col onial ▁Rev ival ▁building ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁J . ▁Rand olph ▁C ool idge , ▁a ▁Boston - based ▁architect ▁who ▁summer ed ▁in ▁the ▁town . ▁The ▁building ' s ▁ground ▁floor ▁houses ▁town ▁offices , ▁while ▁the ▁second ▁floor ▁houses ▁an ▁aud itor ium ▁with ▁stage ▁that ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁facility ▁of ▁its ▁type ▁in ▁the ▁town . ▁The ▁aud itor ium ▁has ▁histor ically ▁hosted ▁all ▁manner ▁of ▁civ ic ▁and ▁social ▁functions , ▁including ▁school ▁gradu ations ▁and ▁local ▁the atr ical ▁produ ctions . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁Car roll ▁County , ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : City ▁and ▁town ▁h alls ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : Col onial ▁Rev ival ▁architecture ▁in ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : G overn ment ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Car roll ▁County , ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : City ▁and ▁town ▁h alls ▁in ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : H istor ic ▁district ▁contrib uting ▁properties ▁in ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : 1 9 1 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Car roll ▁County , ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : S and wich , ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : Ind ivid ually ▁listed ▁contrib uting ▁properties ▁to ▁historic ▁districts ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁in ▁New ▁Ham pshire <0x0A> </s> ▁Far mer
' s ▁lung ▁( not ▁to ▁be ▁confused ▁with ▁sil o - f iller ' s ▁disease ) ▁is ▁a ▁hyp ers ens itivity ▁p neum on itis ▁induced ▁by ▁the ▁in hal ation ▁of ▁bi olog ic ▁dust s ▁coming ▁from ▁hay ▁dust ▁or ▁m old ▁sp ores ▁or ▁any ▁other ▁agricult ural ▁products . ▁It ▁results ▁in ▁a ▁type ▁III ▁hyp ers ens itivity ▁infl am mat ory ▁response ▁and ▁can ▁progress ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁chron ic ▁condition ▁which ▁is ▁considered ▁potentially ▁dangerous . ▁ ▁Sign s ▁and ▁sympt oms ▁▁▁ ▁Ac ute ▁Stage : ▁After ▁four ▁to ▁eight ▁hours ▁sympt oms ▁such ▁as ▁head ache , ▁ir rit ating ▁c ough , ▁and ▁short ness ▁of ▁breath ▁upon ▁physical ▁ex ert ion , ▁appear . ▁ ▁Sub ac ute ▁Stage : ▁Sym pt oms ▁persist ▁without ▁further ▁expos ure , ▁and ▁increase ▁in ▁sever ity . ▁Sym pt oms ▁include : ▁short ness ▁of ▁breath ▁upon ▁ex ert ion , ▁chron ic ▁c ough ing , ▁physical ▁weak ness , ▁occas ional ▁fe ver ▁and ▁swe ating , ▁decrease ▁in ▁app et ite , ▁ach es ▁and ▁p ains . ▁ ▁Chron ic ▁Stage : ▁Deb il it ating ▁effects ▁are ▁now ▁considered ▁long - term . ▁Sym pt oms ▁include : ▁severe ▁short ness ▁of ▁breath , ▁chron ic ▁c ough ing , ▁physical ▁weak ness , ▁occas ional ▁fe ver ▁and ▁swe ating ▁at ▁night , ▁decrease ▁in ▁app et ite , ▁and ▁general ▁ach es ▁and ▁p
ains . ▁ ▁These ▁sympt oms ▁develop ▁between ▁four ▁and ▁eight ▁hours ▁after ▁expos ure ▁to ▁the ▁ant ig ens . ▁ ▁In ▁ac ute ▁attacks , ▁the ▁sympt oms ▁m im ic ▁p neum onia ▁or ▁flu . ▁ ▁In ▁chron ic ▁attacks , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁possibility ▁of ▁the ▁victim ▁going ▁into ▁shock ▁and ▁dying ▁from ▁the ▁attack . ▁ ▁C aus es ▁ ▁P erman ent ▁lung ▁damage ▁can ▁arise ▁due ▁to ▁one ' s ▁in ability ▁to ▁recognize ▁the ▁cause ▁of ▁sympt oms . ▁Far mer ' s ▁lung ▁occurs ▁because ▁repeated ▁expos ure ▁to ▁ant ig ens , ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁m old ▁sp ores ▁of ▁hay , ▁cro ps , ▁and ▁animal ▁feed , ▁triggers ▁an ▁all erg ic ▁reaction ▁within ▁the ▁far mer ' s ▁imm une ▁system . ▁The ▁defense ▁mechan isms ▁of ▁the ▁body ▁present ▁as ▁cold ▁and ▁flu - like ▁sympt oms ▁that ▁occur ▁in ▁individuals ▁who ▁experience ▁either ▁ac ute ▁or ▁chron ic ▁re actions . ▁ ▁The ▁m old ▁sp ores ▁are ▁in h aled ▁and ▁prov oke ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁Ig E ▁ant ib od ies ▁that ▁circul ate ▁in ▁the ▁blood stream , ▁these ▁types ▁of ▁imm une ▁response ▁are ▁most ▁often ▁initi ated ▁by ▁expos ure ▁to ▁therm oph il ic ▁act in om yc etes ▁( most ▁commonly ▁Sac char opol ys por a ▁rect iv ir g ula ), ▁which ▁generate ▁Ig G - type ▁ant ib od ies . ▁Following ▁a ▁subsequent ▁expos ure ,
▁Ig G ▁ant ib od ies ▁combined ▁with ▁the ▁in h aled ▁aller gen ▁to ▁form ▁imm une ▁complex es ▁in ▁the ▁walls ▁of ▁the ▁al ve oli ▁in ▁the ▁l ungs . ▁This ▁causes ▁fluid , ▁protein , ▁and ▁cells ▁to ▁accum ulate ▁in ▁the ▁al ve olar ▁wall ▁which ▁slow s ▁blood - gas ▁inter change ▁and ▁comprom ises ▁the ▁function ▁of ▁the ▁lung . ▁ ▁After ▁multiple ▁expos ures , ▁it ▁takes ▁less ▁and ▁less ▁of ▁the ▁ant ig ens ▁to ▁set ▁off ▁the ▁reaction ▁in ▁the ▁lung . ▁ ▁Pre vention ▁ ▁Far mer ' s ▁lung ▁disease ▁is ▁permanent ▁and ▁cannot ▁be ▁revers ed , ▁therefore ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁on set ▁of ▁further ▁stages , ▁far mers ▁should ▁inform ▁their ▁doctor ▁of ▁their ▁occupation ▁and ▁if ▁they ▁have ▁m old ▁in ▁their ▁work ▁environment . ▁Pre vention ▁of ▁this ▁resp ir atory ▁ill ness ▁can ▁be ▁facil itated ▁through ▁the ▁vent ilation ▁of ▁work ▁areas , ▁dry ing ▁of ▁materials , ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁a ▁mask ▁when ▁working ▁in ▁conf ined ▁areas ▁with ▁m old y ▁hay ▁or ▁cro ps . ▁ ▁Di agn osis ▁ ▁Di agn oses ▁of ▁Far mer ' s ▁lung ▁is ▁difficult ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁similarity ▁to ▁cold ▁and ▁flu - like ▁sympt oms . ▁Do ctors ▁diagn ose ▁patients ▁with ▁Far mer ' s ▁lung ▁under ▁the ▁following ▁conditions : ▁▁ ▁Pat ient ▁exhib it ▁a ▁clin ical ▁history ▁of ▁sympt oms ▁such ▁as ▁c ough , ▁fe ver
, ▁and ▁labor ed ▁breath ing ▁when ▁exposed ▁to ▁m old ▁in ▁work ▁environment . ▁ ▁The ▁presence ▁of ▁diff use ▁lung ▁disease ▁in ▁chron ic ▁cases . ▁ ▁Pres entation ▁of ▁ant ib od ies ▁when ▁exposed ▁to ▁therm oph il ic ▁Act in omy ct es . ▁ ▁Ex am ination ▁procedures ▁may ▁include : ▁ ▁• ▁taking ▁a ▁blood ▁test ▁ ▁• ▁taking ▁a ▁ch est ▁x - ray ▁ ▁• ▁admin ister ing ▁a ▁breath ing ▁capacity ▁test ▁ ▁• ▁admin ister ing ▁an ▁in hal ation ▁challenge ▁ ▁• ▁exam ining ▁lung ▁t issue ▁ ▁• ▁performing ▁an ▁imm un ological ▁investigation ▁ ▁• ▁performing ▁a ▁lung ▁function ▁test ▁ ▁• ▁review ing ▁your ▁clin ical ▁history ▁ ▁Tre at ment ▁ ▁Depending ▁on ▁the ▁sever ity ▁of ▁the ▁sympt oms , ▁F LD ▁can ▁last ▁from ▁one ▁to ▁two ▁weeks , ▁or ▁they ▁can ▁last ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁one ' s ▁life . ▁ ▁Ac ute ▁F LD ▁has ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁be ▁treated ▁because ▁hyp ers ens itivity ▁to ▁the ▁ant ig ens ▁has ▁not ▁yet ▁developed . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁treatment ▁options ▁are : ▁rest ▁and ▁reducing ▁the ▁expos ure ▁to ▁the ▁ant ig ens ▁through ▁mask s ▁and ▁increased ▁air flow ▁in ▁conf ined ▁spaces ▁where ▁the ▁ant ig ens ▁are ▁present . ▁ ▁Any ▁expos ure ▁to ▁the ▁ant ig ens ▁once ▁hyp ers ens itivity ▁can ▁set ▁off ▁another ▁chron ic ▁reaction . ▁For ▁chron ic ▁F LD , ▁there ▁are
▁no ▁true ▁treat ments ▁because ▁the ▁patient ▁has ▁developed ▁hyp ers ens itivity ▁meaning ▁that ▁their ▁condition ▁will ▁last ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁their ▁life . ▁ ▁Ep ide mi ology ▁ ▁The ▁growth ▁of ▁m old ▁sp ores ▁occurs ▁when ▁hay ▁is ▁not ▁d ried ▁properly . ▁The ▁growth ▁of ▁these ▁m old ▁sp ores ▁accum ul ates ▁over ▁time ▁and ▁will ▁inf ect ▁the ▁host ▁upon ▁release ▁from ▁the ▁source . ▁When ▁in ▁the ▁air , ▁the ▁far mer ▁may ▁in h ale ▁the ▁particles ▁and ▁indu ce ▁an ▁all erg ic ▁reaction . ▁The ▁hay ▁at ▁risk ▁for ▁increased ▁volumes ▁of ▁sp ores ▁are ▁found ▁at ▁the ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁p ile . ▁ ▁The ▁presence ▁of ▁Far mer ' s ▁L ung ▁D ise ase ▁pe aks ▁during ▁late ▁winter ▁and ▁early ▁spring ▁and ▁is ▁mostly ▁seen ▁after ▁the ▁har vest ▁season ▁when ▁sympt oms ▁have ▁set ▁in . ▁This ▁disease ▁is ▁most ▁pre val ent ▁in ▁d amp ▁clim ates . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : H yp ers ens itivity ▁p neum on itis ▁Category : Occ up ational ▁dise ases <0x0A> </s> ▁Ge or get own ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁in ▁Jefferson ▁Township , ▁Cass ▁County , ▁Indiana . ▁ ▁History ▁Ge or get own ▁was ▁laid ▁out ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 5 . ▁It ▁was ▁probably ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁owned ▁the ▁town ▁site , ▁George ▁Cic ott . ▁ ▁Geography ▁Ge or get own ▁is ▁located
▁at ▁. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Cass ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Indiana <0x0A> </s> ▁Jean ▁Hans en ▁( 6 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁– ▁ 1 2 ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Dan ish ▁cycl ist . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁team ▁purs uit ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁death s ▁Category : Dan ish ▁male ▁cycl ists ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁cycl ists ▁of ▁Den mark ▁Category : Cy cl ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁C open hagen <0x0A> </s> ▁Ant je ▁Frank ▁( born ▁ 5 ▁June ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁in ▁Bart mann sh agen ) ▁is ▁a ▁German ▁ro wer . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : G erman ▁female ▁row ers ▁Category : Row ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Germany ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁row ers ▁of ▁Germany ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁ ▁Category : World ▁Row ing ▁Championships ▁medal ists ▁for ▁East ▁Germany <0x0A> </s>
▁The ▁North ▁Cor rid or ▁is ▁the ▁e ighth ▁studio ▁album ▁from ▁the ▁American ▁rock ▁band ▁Che vel le . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁July ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Sum mary ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁band ▁announced ▁the ▁new ▁album . ▁The ▁first ▁single ▁from ▁the ▁album , ▁" Jo y ride ▁( O men )", ▁was ▁released ▁to ▁radio ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁The ▁group ▁also ▁added ▁that ▁the ▁first ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁pre - orders ▁would ▁be ▁signed ▁by ▁the ▁band ; ▁but ▁later ▁decided ▁that ▁all ▁pre - orders ▁would ▁be ▁signed ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁servers ▁crash ing ▁when ▁the ▁pre orders ▁went ▁live . ▁The ▁band ▁announced ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 0 ▁that ▁the ▁song ▁" You ng ▁W icked " ▁would ▁be ▁available ▁to ▁everyone ▁who ▁pre - ordered ▁the ▁album ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁to ▁the ▁album ▁has ▁been ▁generally ▁positive . ▁All Music ' s ▁Neil ▁Ye ung ▁has ▁described ▁the ▁album ▁as ▁Che vel le ' s ▁" he av iest , ▁dark est , ▁and ▁most ▁ag gress ive ▁effort ▁in ▁over ▁a ▁de cade ." ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Che vel le ▁– ▁composer , ▁primary ▁artist ▁ ▁P ete ▁Lo eff ler ▁– ▁vocals , ▁guitar , ▁art ▁direction ▁ ▁Sam
▁Lo eff ler ▁– ▁drums ▁ ▁Dean ▁Bernard ini ▁– ▁bass , ▁direction , ▁drums ▁and ▁art work ▁ ▁Dave ▁Collins ▁– ▁master ing ▁ ▁Joe ▁Bar res i ▁– ▁producer , ▁mixing ▁ ▁Marcel ▁Fern ande z ▁– ▁assistant ▁producer ▁ ▁Morgan ▁Str at ton ▁– ▁assistant ▁producer ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁albums ▁Category : Che vel le ▁( band ) ▁albums ▁Category : E pic ▁Records ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Joe ▁Bar res i <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁Gam per ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁– ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁far mer ▁and ▁politician . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Ch ur , ▁Switzerland , ▁Gam per ▁went ▁to ▁University ▁of ▁Zur ich . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 2 , ▁Gam per ▁em igr ated ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁editor ial ▁staff ▁of ▁a ▁German ▁newspaper ▁in ▁Saint ▁Louis , ▁Missouri ▁and ▁then ▁settled ▁in ▁Taylor ▁County , ▁Wisconsin ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 5 . ▁He ▁owned ▁far ms ▁in ▁the ▁towns ▁of ▁Brow ning ▁and ▁De er ▁Creek , ▁Taylor ▁County . ▁He ▁then ▁moved ▁to ▁Med ford , ▁Wisconsin . ▁Gam per ▁served ▁as ▁sh er iff ▁and ▁register ▁of ▁de eds ▁of ▁Taylor ▁County . ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Wisconsin ▁State ▁Assembly ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9
3 3 ▁as ▁a ▁Dem ocrat ▁and ▁then ▁as ▁a ▁Republican ▁and ▁was ▁al lied ▁with ▁the ▁progress ive ▁wing ▁of ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party . ▁Gam per ▁died ▁in ▁Med ford , ▁Wisconsin . ▁ ▁Notes ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Ch ur ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Taylor ▁County , ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : Sw iss ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : J ournal ists ▁from ▁Missouri ▁Category : F arm ers ▁from ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : W is consin ▁Democr ats ▁Category : W is consin ▁Progress ives ▁( 1 9 2 4 ) ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : W is consin ▁Republic ans ▁Category : W is consin ▁sh er iffs ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Wisconsin ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Med ford , ▁Wisconsin <0x0A> </s> ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁G mina ▁Ś w ier kl anie c ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁gmina ▁( admin istr ative ▁district ) ▁in ▁T arn ow skie ▁Gó ry ▁County , ▁S iles ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁southern ▁Poland . ▁Its ▁seat ▁is ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Ś w ier kl anie c , ▁which ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁T arn ow skie ▁Gó ry ▁and ▁ ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Kat ow ice . ▁ ▁The ▁gmina ▁covers ▁an ▁area
▁of ▁, ▁and ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁its ▁total ▁population ▁is ▁ 1 2 , 3 2 8 . ▁ ▁Vill ages ▁G mina ▁Ś w ier kl anie c ▁contains ▁the ▁villages ▁and ▁settlement s ▁of ▁Nak ło , ▁Now e ▁Che ch ło , ▁Or zech , ▁Ś w ier kl anie c ▁and ▁W ym ys łów . ▁ ▁Ne igh bour ing ▁gmin as ▁G mina ▁Ś w ier kl anie c ▁is ▁border ed ▁by ▁the ▁towns ▁of ▁M ias te cz ko ▁Ś lą skie , ▁P iek ary ▁Ś lą skie , ▁Rad z ion ków ▁and ▁T arn ow skie ▁Gó ry , ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁gmin as ▁of ▁Bob rown iki ▁and ▁O ż ar ow ice . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Sw ier kl anie c ▁Category : T arn ow skie ▁Gó ry ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Jordan ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁( ▁J ami ' at ▁Al - U l um ▁wa ▁Al - T ik n olo j ia ▁Al - U rd un ia ), ▁often ▁abbre vi ated ▁J UST , ▁is ▁a ▁compreh ensive , ▁state - supported ▁university ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁out sk ir ts ▁of ▁I rb id , ▁at ▁Ar ▁Ram tha ▁in ▁northern ▁Jordan . ▁Since ▁its ▁establishment ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁J UST ▁has ▁been ▁at ▁the ▁fore front ▁of ▁institutions ▁of ▁higher ▁learning ▁in ▁the ▁Arab ▁world , ▁it ▁also ▁maintain s ▁a ▁high ▁reputation
▁and ▁standard ▁amongst ▁the ▁univers ities ▁of ▁the ▁Middle ▁East . ▁J UST ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Jordan ▁in ▁Am man ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁two ▁premier ▁institutions ▁of ▁higher ▁education ▁for ▁engineering ▁and ▁medicine ▁in ▁the ▁country , ▁although ▁numerous ▁other ▁fac ult ies ▁and ▁special izations ▁are ▁represented ▁as ▁well . ▁The ▁university ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁best ▁scientific ▁institution ▁in ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁by ▁King ▁Abd ul lah ▁II ▁during ▁a ▁visit ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 / 2 0 0 7 ▁academic ▁year , ▁J UST ▁had ▁ 7 1 7 ▁fac ulty ▁members , ▁with ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁under grad uate ▁and ▁ 1 5 5 9 ▁gradu ate ▁students , ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁ 2 , 3 0 0 ▁students ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 / 1 9 8 7 ▁academic ▁year . ▁At ▁the ▁present ▁time , ▁the ▁university ▁compr ises ▁ 1 2 ▁fac ult ies ▁and ▁ 5 5 ▁depart ments ▁providing ▁ 5 2 ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁and ▁ 9 5 ▁post grad uate ▁programs . ▁J UST ▁compr ised ▁ 5 , 4 1 5 ▁international ▁students ▁of ▁ 6 1 ▁national ities ▁in ▁the ▁academic ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 9 / 2 0 1 0 , ▁rendering ▁it ▁the ▁most ▁cultural - d iverse ▁university ▁in ▁Jordan . ▁It ▁was ▁ranked ▁as ▁the ▁top ▁research ▁university ▁in ▁the ▁country ,
▁and ▁amongst ▁the ▁top ▁ 3 % ▁of ▁univers ities ▁in ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁world , ▁according ▁to ▁a ▁study ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁Statist ical , ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Social ▁Research ▁and ▁Training ▁Center ▁for ▁Islam ic ▁Count ries ▁( SE SR TC IC ). ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 , 3 0 0 ▁students ▁were ▁en rolled ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁academic ▁year ▁ 2 0 1 7 / 2 0 1 8 , ▁about ▁ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁under grad uate ▁students ▁and ▁ 2 , 5 0 0 ▁gradu ate ▁students ▁were ▁en rolled ▁at ▁the ▁university , ▁representing ▁ 5 1 ▁national ities . ▁ ▁Each ▁year ▁the ▁university ▁gr ants ▁over ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁Bach elor ▁and ▁Master ▁D eg rees . ▁The ▁university ▁started ▁with ▁ 1 1 0 ▁fac ulty ▁members ; ▁now ▁it ▁hosts ▁ 7 5 0 ▁fac ulty , ▁of ▁which ▁ 1 0 9 ▁are ▁full ▁profess ors . ▁The ▁steady ▁en roll ment ▁of ▁the ▁student ▁body ▁is ▁ground ed ▁on ▁the ▁university ' s ▁vision ▁to ▁raise ▁and ▁maintain ▁the ▁standards ▁of ▁higher ▁education ▁in ▁Jordan , ▁in ▁parallel ▁with ▁national ▁educational ▁policies . ▁ ▁Having ▁its ▁roots ▁at ▁Y arm ou k ▁University ▁in ▁I rb id , ▁J UST ▁emer ged ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁university ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁J UST ▁det ached ▁five ▁fac ult
ies ▁from ▁Y arm ou k ▁University ▁to ▁form ▁its ▁academic ▁nucle us . ▁These ▁fac ult ies ▁were : ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁D ent istry , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ph arm acy , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁N urs ing ▁and ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Engineering . ▁Con sec ut ively ▁added ▁to ▁these ▁fac ult ies ▁are ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Arts , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medical ▁App lied ▁Sciences , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Computer ▁and ▁Information ▁Technology , ▁and ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure . ▁ ▁University ▁Pres idents ▁▁ ▁Prof . ▁Kam el ▁A j lou ni ▁( 1 9 8 6 – 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Prof . ▁Sa ad ▁Hij azi ▁( 1 9 9 5 – 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Prof . ▁W aj ih ▁O w ais ▁( 2 0 0 3 – 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Prof . ▁Abd ul lah ▁Al - Mal ka wi ▁( 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Prof . ▁Mah m oud ▁Als he y ab ▁( 2 0 1 5 – 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Prof . ▁O mar ▁Al - J ar rah ▁( 2 0 1 6 – 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Prof ▁Sa eb ▁Kh res at ▁( 2 0 1 7 – present ) ▁ ▁Camp us ▁ ▁The ▁university ▁campus ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Ar ▁Ram
tha , ▁ 7 0 km ▁north ▁of ▁Am man , ▁the ▁capital , ▁and ▁ 2 0 km ▁east ▁of ▁I rb id , ▁the ▁second ▁largest ▁Metropol is ▁in ▁Jordan . ▁It ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁approximately ▁ 1 1 km ², ▁constructed ▁according ▁to ▁modern ▁architect ural ▁designs ▁suitable ▁to ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁its ▁fac ult ies . ▁The ▁main ▁campus ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁a ▁green ▁cover ▁of ▁ 1 3 5 m ². ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁academic ▁buildings ▁and ▁the ▁J UST ▁Library , ▁the ▁campus ▁includes ▁the ▁university ▁farm , ▁ 1 2 ▁aud itor iums , ▁a ▁concert ▁hall , ▁fine ▁arts ▁gall eries ▁and ▁museum s , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁compr ising ▁athlet ic ▁facilities ▁including ▁a ▁ 7 0 0 0 - se at ▁s occer ▁stad ium , ▁a ▁multip ur pose ▁ind oor ▁ar ena , ▁a ▁sw imming ▁pool , ▁a ▁squ ash ▁court , ▁and ▁a ▁g ym . ▁ ▁The ▁university ▁campus ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁sections , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁buildings ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁university , ▁compr ising ▁the ▁fac ult ies ▁of ▁D ent istry , ▁Medicine , ▁N urs ing , ▁App lied ▁Medical ▁Sciences , ▁Ph arm acy ▁and ▁Science ▁and ▁Arts , ▁and ▁the ▁Engineering ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁buildings ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁university , ▁comprom ising ▁the ▁fac ult ies ▁of ▁Agricult
ure , ▁Computer ▁and ▁Information ▁Technology , ▁Engineering , ▁Architecture ▁and ▁Design ▁and ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine . ▁Stud ents ▁can ▁use ▁available ▁bus es ▁to ▁move ▁from ▁one ▁complex ▁to ▁the ▁other . ▁Although ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁mini ▁train ▁on ▁campus , ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁often ▁used , ▁and ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁relatively ▁short ▁distance ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁complex es ▁many ▁students ▁prefer ▁walking . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁libraries ▁in ▁J UST , ▁one ▁in ▁the ▁Engineering ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex . ▁While ▁both ▁libraries ▁give ▁the ▁students ▁an ▁appropriate ▁and ▁suitable ▁place ▁for ▁reading ▁and ▁studying , ▁the ▁two - floor ▁library ▁at ▁the ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex ▁is ▁relatively ▁larger , ▁also ▁contains ▁ 1 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁books , ▁and ▁ 4 5 , 0 0 0 ▁volumes ▁of ▁back ▁issues ▁of ▁period ical s , ▁which ▁makes ▁it ▁the ▁main ▁library ▁at ▁the ▁university . ▁At ▁the ▁present ▁time , ▁a ▁third ▁library ▁is ▁being ▁constructed ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁between ▁the ▁Engineering ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex ▁and ▁the ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex ▁which ▁is ▁larger ▁in ▁size ▁than ▁both ▁existing ▁libraries ▁and ▁is ▁set ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁largest ▁library ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East . ▁ ▁As ide ▁from ▁the ▁employees ▁and ▁guests ▁restaur ants , ▁there ▁are ▁also ▁three ▁restaur ants ▁for ▁students ; ▁one ▁in ▁each ▁main ▁campus , ▁and ▁one ▁located ▁near ▁the ▁s occer ▁stad ium . ▁
▁Every ▁department ▁has ▁a ▁computer ▁labor atory ▁for ▁the ▁students ▁to ▁use . ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁two ▁open ▁l abs ▁one ▁in ▁each ▁campus . ▁Moreover , ▁six ▁additional ▁l abs ▁are ▁available ▁for ▁the ▁gradu ate ▁and ▁under grad uate ▁computer ▁science ▁students ▁and ▁students ▁who ▁are ▁taking ▁related ▁courses ▁at ▁the ▁P H ▁building ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁Medicine ▁Fac ult ies ▁Building . ▁The ▁campus ▁is ▁covered ▁by ▁a ▁secure ▁wireless ▁internet ▁connection ▁( W L AN ). ▁ ▁King ▁Abd ul lah ▁University ▁Hospital ▁ ▁N amed ▁after ▁the ▁first ▁king ▁of ▁modern ▁Jordan , ▁Abd ul lah ▁I ▁bin ▁al - H us sein , ▁the ▁King ▁Abd ul lah ▁University ▁Hospital ▁( K AU H ) ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁hospital ▁in ▁northern ▁Jordan , ▁serving ▁approximately ▁one ▁million ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁the ▁I rb id , ▁A jl oun , ▁Jer ash , ▁and ▁M af ra q ▁governor ates . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁teaching ▁hospital ▁affili ated ▁with ▁Jordan ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology , ▁located ▁within ▁the ▁campus ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁university ' s ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex . ▁The ▁hospital ▁is ▁staff ed ▁with ▁full - time ▁phys icians ▁and ▁sur ge ons ▁who ▁are ▁fac ulty ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁J UST ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁many ▁others ▁from ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Health , ▁and ▁the ▁Royal ▁Medical ▁Services ▁( R MS ). ▁The ▁overall ▁area ▁of ▁various ▁hospital ▁buildings ▁is ▁ 9 5 5 8 3 m ², ▁in
▁addition ▁to ▁a ▁double ▁story ▁car ▁park ▁of ▁ 9 0 0 0 m ² ▁area . ▁The ▁hospital ▁has ▁a ▁bed ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 6 8 3 ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁increased ▁to ▁ 8 0 0 ▁b eds ▁in ▁an ▁emer gency ▁situation . ▁ ▁Struct ur ally , ▁the ▁hospital ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 5 - story ▁high - r ise ▁building , ▁in ▁which ▁all ▁hospital ▁b eds ▁are ▁located , ▁and ▁a ▁ 3 - story ▁low - r ise ▁buildings ▁in ▁which ▁patient ▁clin ics , ▁di agnostic ▁and ▁other ▁services ▁are ▁located . ▁The ▁hospital ▁is ▁connected ▁to ▁various ▁health ▁science ▁fac ult ies ▁via ▁the ▁ground ▁floor ▁of ▁the ▁low - r ise ▁building . ▁The ▁hospital ▁includes ▁the ▁depart ments ▁of ▁General ▁S urg ery , ▁Special ▁S urg ery , ▁Emer gency ▁Department , ▁Ped iat rics , ▁Ob st et rics ▁and ▁Gy ne col ogy , ▁In ternal ▁Medicine ▁and ▁D erm at ology , ▁Card iac ▁Center , ▁Di agnostic ▁X - R ay , ▁Path ology ▁and ▁Labor atory , ▁End os copy ▁Unit , ▁Phys ical ▁Ther apy ▁and ▁Re h abil itation , ▁Phys i ology ▁Function ▁Test , ▁Neu ros cience , ▁N urs ing ▁and ▁Information ▁System ▁Department . ▁ ▁Academ ics ▁Jordan ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁twelve ▁fac ult ies . ▁The ▁medium ▁of ▁teaching ▁at ▁the ▁university ; ▁lect ures , ▁ex ams , ▁and ▁tu ition ,
▁are ▁primarily ▁in ▁English ▁language , ▁with ▁Arab ic ▁being ▁used ▁mainly ▁to ▁facil itate ▁student ▁understanding ▁as ▁the ▁greater ▁majority ▁of ▁students ▁are ▁of ▁Arab ▁background . ▁ ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex ▁ ▁A ▁group ▁of ▁building ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁university ▁compr ising ▁the ▁fac ult ies ▁of ▁Medicine , ▁D ent istry , ▁Ph arm acy , ▁N urs ing , ▁App lied ▁Medical ▁Sciences , ▁and ▁Science ▁and ▁Arts . ▁ ▁Medicine ▁The ▁J UST ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine , ▁the ▁second ▁medical ▁school ▁in ▁Jordan , ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁Y arm ou k ▁University ▁at ▁the ▁northern ▁city ▁of ▁I rb id ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ; ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁then ▁branch ed ▁out ▁into ▁Jordan ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁The ▁fac ulty ▁is ▁closely ▁associated ▁with ▁King ▁Abd ul lah ▁University ▁Hospital , ▁the ▁teaching ▁hospital ▁where ▁post grad uate ▁students ▁under go ▁their ▁res iden cies . ▁As ▁the ▁fac ulty ' s ▁main ▁teaching ▁hospital , ▁K AU H ▁provide ▁students ▁with ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁attend ▁lect ures , ▁tutorials , ▁clin ics , ▁w ard ▁r ounds , ▁and ▁sur ger ies . ▁Medical ▁students ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁J UST ▁are ▁widely ▁ren owned ▁for ▁their ▁achiev ements ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Medical ▁Lic ens ing ▁Ex am ination ▁( US M LE ), ▁gain ing ▁post grad uate ▁positions ▁in ▁well - known ▁global ▁institutions . ▁Furthermore , ▁the ▁Fac
ulty ▁of ▁Medicine ▁has ▁been ▁an ▁active ▁particip ant ▁in ▁medical ▁research ▁and ▁has ▁hosted ▁numerous ▁international ▁events ▁and ▁con ferences , ▁with ▁focus ▁on ▁subjects ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁my oc ard ial ▁protection ▁and ▁research , ▁ped iat rics , ▁an est hes ia , ▁and ▁internal ▁medicine . ▁As ▁of ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁will ▁be ▁hosting ▁the ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁Path olog ists ▁( F RC ▁Path ) ▁Part ▁ 1 ▁written ▁ex ams ▁in ▁all ▁Path ology ▁special ties , ▁which ▁will ▁enable ▁Jordan ian ▁and ▁Arab ▁Path olog ists ▁to ▁sit ▁the ▁exam ▁outside ▁the ▁UK . ▁ ▁Nature ▁of ▁the ▁Medical ▁Program ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine ▁awards ▁the ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Medicine ▁and ▁S urg ery ▁( MB BS ) ▁after ▁completion ▁of ▁six ▁years ▁compr ising ▁three ▁years ▁of ▁medical ▁sciences ▁and ▁three ▁clin ical ▁years . ▁Stud ents ▁are ▁admitted ▁to ▁medicine ▁based ▁sole ly ▁on ▁their ▁grade ▁point ▁average ▁in ▁their ▁high ▁school ▁national ▁general ▁exam ▁( T aw ji hi ); ▁there ▁are ▁neither ▁entrance ▁inter views ▁nor ▁psych ometric ▁ex ams . ▁The ▁cut off ▁average ▁used ▁for ▁adm issions ▁into ▁medicine ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁among ▁all ▁the ▁other ▁discipl ines ▁offered ▁by ▁univers ities . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁cut off ▁average ▁used ▁over ▁the ▁past ▁five ▁years ▁has ▁been : ▁ 9 4 . 9 ▁( 2 0 0 5 ), ▁ 9 6 . 3 ▁( 2 0 0
6 ), ▁ 9 7 ▁( 2 0 0 7 ), ▁ 9 6 . 8 ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁and ▁ 9 7 . 7 ▁( 2 0 0 9 ). ▁Although ▁in ▁the ▁minor ity , ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁medicine ▁accepts ▁students ▁from ▁Israel , ▁Palest ine , ▁Sy ria , ▁Arab ▁states ▁of ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁G ulf , ▁Malays ia , ▁and ▁other ▁countries . ▁Tu ition ▁is ▁significantly ▁higher ▁for ▁the ▁foreign ▁students . ▁Initial ly , ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁at ▁J UST ▁accepted ▁ 5 0 ▁students ▁into ▁the ▁program , ▁but ▁that ▁number ▁has ▁grown ▁to ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁in ▁recent ▁years . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁first ▁year ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁of ▁their ▁program , ▁students ▁are ▁taught ▁basic ▁science ▁in ▁a ▁traditional ▁format . ▁In ▁an ▁integrated ▁module ▁fashion , ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁and ▁half ▁is ▁devoted ▁to ▁studying ▁nine ▁body ▁systems : ▁card i ov asc ular , ▁resp ir atory , ▁h emat opo iet ic , ▁dig est ive , ▁end ocr ine , ▁mus cul os ke let al , ▁neu ros cience ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 2 , ▁and ▁re product ive ▁and ▁ur inary . ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁third ▁year ▁students ▁begin ▁direct ▁contact ▁with ▁patients ▁in ▁hospital ▁settings . ▁The ▁last ▁three ▁years ▁are ▁spent ▁in ▁super vised ▁in pat ient ▁and ▁out pat ient ▁settings ▁to ▁develop ▁their ▁di agnostic ▁and ▁treatment ▁compet encies ; ▁the ▁clin ical
▁years ▁begin ▁fully ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁year ▁ 4 ▁where ▁students ▁rotate ▁through ▁various ▁areas ▁of ▁general ▁clin ical ▁medicine . ▁Year ▁ 5 ▁continues ▁this ▁pattern ▁foc using ▁more ▁on ▁special ized ▁areas ▁of ▁medicine ▁and ▁surg ery . ▁In ▁total , ▁students ▁are ▁required ▁to ▁complete ▁ 2 5 7 ▁hours ▁of ▁classes ▁divided ▁among ▁comp uls ory ▁and ▁elect ive ▁courses . ▁After ▁completion ▁of ▁their ▁ 6 th ▁year , ▁students ▁are ▁required ▁to ▁complete ▁intern ship ▁( im t ia z ), ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁one - year ▁term ▁in ▁general ▁practice ▁for ▁which ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁compens ated ▁for . ▁ ▁E valu ations ▁are ▁based ▁primarily ▁on ▁written ▁ex ams ▁( marks ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁two ▁mid ter ms ▁and ▁one ▁end ▁of ▁term ▁exam ) ▁and ▁percentage ▁gr ades ▁appear ▁on ▁trans cript s . ▁Pract ical ▁ex ams ▁are ▁sole ly ▁based ▁on ▁an ▁objective ▁struct ured ▁clin ical ▁exam ination ▁( OS CE ) ▁type ▁of ▁standard ized ▁ex ams . ▁In ▁the ▁final ▁year , ▁the ▁school ▁of ▁medicine ▁inv ites ▁external ▁exam in ers ▁( from ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Britain , ▁among ▁others ) ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁student ▁evalu ations ▁and ▁to ▁benefit ▁from ▁the ▁experience ▁of ▁others . ▁ ▁Res iden cy ▁Stud ents ▁looking ▁to ▁special ize ▁can ▁apply ▁for ▁res iden cy ▁programs ▁after ▁completion ▁of ▁im t ia z ▁( intern ship ). ▁Most ▁res iden cy ▁programs ▁are ▁four ▁years ▁in ▁length ,
▁but ▁notable ▁exceptions ▁include ▁neu ros urg ery ▁( 6 ▁years ), ▁general ▁surg ery ▁( 5 ▁years ), ▁orth op edic ▁surg ery ▁( 5 ▁years ), ▁and ▁u ro log y ▁( 5 ▁years ). ▁Res iden cy ▁programs ▁are ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁broad ▁groups : ▁major ▁and ▁minor ▁special ties . ▁Major ▁programs ▁include ▁internal ▁medicine , ▁ped iat rics , ▁obst et rics ▁and ▁gy ne col ogy , ▁while ▁the ▁rest ▁are ▁considered ▁minor . ▁This ▁division ▁reflect s ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁available ▁seats ▁and ▁thus ▁the ▁compet it iveness ▁of ▁each ▁special ty . ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine ▁ ▁D ent istry ▁ ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁D ent istry ▁at ▁Jordan ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁a ▁royal ▁dec ree ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁group ▁of ▁students ▁was ▁admitted ▁in ▁the ▁academic ▁year ▁ 1 9 8 4 / 1 9 8 5 . ▁The ▁fac ulty ▁offers ▁facilities ▁for ▁under grad uate ▁and ▁post grad uate ▁training ▁and ▁is ▁developing ▁programs ▁for ▁all ▁profession als ▁in ▁dent istry ▁who ▁wish ▁to ▁continue ▁their ▁education ▁and ▁obtain ▁further ▁qual ifications . ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁D ent istry ▁ ▁Ph arm acy ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ph arm acy , ▁the ▁first ▁in ▁Jordan , ▁was ▁established ▁as ▁a ▁department ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medical ▁Sciences ▁at ▁Y arm ou k ▁University ▁by ▁a ▁royal ▁dec ree ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 .
▁The ▁rapid ▁growth ▁and ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁department ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁transformation ▁of ▁the ▁department ▁into ▁an ▁independent ▁fac ulty ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁Three ▁years ▁later ▁- in ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 6 – ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ph arm acy ▁became ▁affili ated ▁with ▁J UST . ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ph arm acy ▁ ▁N urs ing ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁N urs ing ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁with ▁only ▁ 2 ▁fac ulty ▁members ▁and ▁ 2 3 ▁students . ▁It ▁currently ▁consists ▁of ▁ 2 3 ▁Ph D , ▁and ▁ 2 2 ▁Masters ▁prepared ▁fac ulty ▁members ▁( Ad ult , ▁Mat ernal ▁Child , ▁Community ▁& ▁Mid w if ery ) ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁four ▁depart ments ▁of ▁the ▁fac ulty ; ▁this ▁body ▁is ▁supported ▁by ▁ 2 7 ▁MS N ▁or ▁B SN ▁qualified ▁clin ical ▁train ers . ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁N urs ing ▁ ▁App lied ▁Medical ▁Sciences ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁App lied ▁Medical ▁Sciences ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁was ▁hous ed ▁in ▁several ▁makes h ift ▁facilities . ▁It ▁was ▁created ▁to ▁educ ate ▁al lied ▁health ▁profession als ▁to ▁fill ▁cru cial ▁short ages ▁in ▁the ▁health ▁care ▁needs ▁of ▁the ▁people ▁in ▁Jordan . ▁The ▁fac ulty ▁has ▁since ▁become ▁a ▁dynamic ▁and ▁vital ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁university ▁health ▁team . ▁The ▁fac ulty ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁spons
ored ▁students ▁who ▁are ▁purs uing ▁gradu ate ▁studies ▁leading ▁to ▁M . Sc . ▁and ▁Ph . D . ▁degrees ▁in ▁various ▁maj ors ▁at ▁well - known ▁univers ities ▁in ▁the ▁US , ▁UK , ▁and ▁Australia . ▁Upon ▁gradu ation , ▁they ▁will ▁join ▁the ▁fac ulty . ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁App lied ▁Medical ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Science ▁and ▁Arts ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Arts ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁a ▁dec ree ▁from ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁High er ▁Education ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁It ▁comm enced ▁its ▁duties ▁as ▁of ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁The ▁fac ulty , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁and ▁largest ▁at ▁the ▁university , ▁holds ▁seven ▁depart ments ▁and ▁a ▁program ▁of ▁for ens ic ▁science , ▁offers ▁both ▁b ach elor ' s ▁and ▁master ' s ▁degrees ▁and ▁gives ▁students ▁the ▁chance ▁to ▁choose ▁from ▁a ▁ple th ora ▁of ▁discipl ines ▁that ▁employ ▁several ▁ped agog ical ▁approaches ▁involving ▁class room ▁instruction , ▁independent ▁research , ▁student - as - te acher ▁approach , ▁and ▁intern ships ▁or ▁practical ▁experience . ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Arts ▁ ▁Engineering ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex ▁ ▁A ▁group ▁of ▁buildings ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁university ▁compr ising ▁the ▁fac ult ies ▁of ▁Engineering , ▁Agricult ure , ▁Information ▁Technology , ▁Architecture ▁and ▁Design , ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine , ▁and ▁Gr adu ate ▁Studies . ▁ ▁Engineering ▁The ▁Fac
ulty ▁of ▁Engineering ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁fac ulty ▁in ▁the ▁university , ▁with ▁its ▁ 6 1 ▁research ▁and ▁teaching ▁l abs . ▁It ▁compr ises ▁the ▁depart ments ▁of ▁Bi omed ical ▁Engineering , ▁Aer onaut ical ▁Engineering , ▁Chem ical ▁Engineering , ▁Civil ▁Engineering , ▁Elect rical ▁Engineering , ▁Indust rial ▁Engineering , ▁Mechan ical ▁Engineering ▁power ▁and ▁me chat ron ics , ▁and ▁N uc lear ▁Engineering . ▁ ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁takes ▁part ▁and ▁is ▁acc red ited ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Engineering ▁Acc red itation ▁Commission ▁( E AC ) ▁of ▁( AB ET ). ▁ ▁Agricult ure ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁a ▁royal ▁dec ree ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁Study ▁began ▁at ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 / 1 9 9 0 ▁with ▁ 7 1 ▁students , ▁to ▁grow ▁into ▁over ▁ 1 1 0 0 ▁students ▁in ▁the ▁academic ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 6 / 2 0 0 7 , ▁including ▁ 1 0 0 ▁gradu ate ▁students . ▁The ▁fac ulty ▁began ▁with ▁only ▁nine ▁fac ulty ▁members ▁upon ▁its ▁establishment . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁number ▁has ▁increased ▁into ▁ 4 8 ▁fac ulty ▁members ▁in ▁four ▁academic ▁depart ments . ▁ ▁Information ▁Technology ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Information ▁Technology ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁and ▁has ▁built ▁an ▁international ▁reputation ▁for ▁excell ence ▁in ▁teaching , ▁research , ▁and ▁services ▁since ▁then .
▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁consists ▁of ▁five ▁depart ments : ▁Computer ▁Engineering , ▁Computer ▁Science , ▁Computer ▁Information ▁System , ▁Software ▁Engineering , ▁and ▁Network ▁Engineering . ▁As ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁fac ult ies ▁with ▁ 4 2 ▁fac ulty ▁members ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁students , ▁it ▁is ▁consist ently ▁ranked ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ' s ▁top ▁and ▁essential ▁learning ▁bodies ▁of ▁information ▁and ▁technology ▁as ▁att ested ▁by ▁many ▁institutions ▁and ▁special ists . ▁ ▁Architecture ▁and ▁Design ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Architecture ▁and ▁Design ▁awards ▁both ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degrees ▁and ▁master ' s ▁degrees ▁and ▁compr ises ▁the ▁depart ments ▁of ▁architecture ▁and ▁urban ▁planning . ▁It ▁particip ates ▁year ly ▁in ▁the ▁Arab ▁Arch itect ural ▁Gr adu ation ▁Project ▁Ex hib ition , ▁which ▁started ▁as ▁Bil ad ▁Al ▁Sh am ▁Gr adu ation ▁Project ▁Ex hib ition . ▁ ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine ▁was ▁established ▁at ▁J UST ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁as ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁national ▁objective ▁of ▁impro ving ▁animal ▁health ▁and ▁product ivity ▁by ▁increasing ▁their ▁efficiency ▁and ▁thereby ▁reducing ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁animal ▁production . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine ▁in ▁Jordan . ▁It ▁also ▁houses ▁a ▁V eter inary ▁Health ▁Center ▁( V HC ), ▁which ▁serves ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁clin ical ▁training ▁for ▁students ▁and ▁provides ▁veter inary ▁services ▁to ▁the ▁public . ▁The ▁fac ulty
▁is ▁a ▁research ▁and ▁a ▁consult ative ▁center , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁its ▁basic ▁function ▁in ▁prom oting ▁and ▁sust aining ▁high ▁standards ▁of ▁under grad uate ▁and ▁post grad uate ▁programs . ▁The ▁fac ulty ▁is ▁an ▁active ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Arab ▁Association ▁of ▁V eter inary ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁and ▁it ▁houses ▁its ▁office . ▁ ▁Gr adu ate ▁Studies ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Gr adu ate ▁Studies ▁provides ▁advanced ▁studies ▁in ▁different ▁fields ▁including ▁Medicine , ▁App lied ▁Medical ▁Sciences , ▁Science , ▁N urs ing , ▁D ent istry , ▁Ph arm acy , ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine , ▁Agricult ure , ▁Engineering ▁and ▁Computer ▁Technology . ▁The ▁fac ulty ▁is ▁entr usted ▁with ▁setting ▁the ▁rules ▁and ▁reg ulations ▁pert inent ▁to ▁gradu ate ▁programs ▁and ▁degrees ▁and ▁purs uing ▁the ▁implementation ▁of ▁these ▁reg ulations . ▁ ▁Each ▁fac ulty ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁with ▁a ▁color : ▁ ▁Research ▁Since ▁its ▁establishment , ▁J UST ▁has ▁given ▁its ▁ut most ▁priority ▁to ▁academic ▁research . ▁In ▁this ▁ve in , ▁the ▁De ans hip ▁of ▁Research ▁comm enced ▁its ▁activities ▁at ▁the ▁early ▁stages ▁of ▁the ▁university ▁establishment ▁during ▁the ▁academic ▁year ▁ 1 9 8 6 / 1 9 8 7 . ▁Research , ▁basic ▁and ▁applied , ▁is ▁amongst ▁the ▁principal ▁prior ities ▁of ▁the ▁university . ▁Training ▁and ▁super vision ▁in ▁research ▁method ology , ▁especially ▁for ▁post grad uate ▁students , ▁is ▁rein for ced ▁by ▁several ▁research ▁cent ers , ▁such
▁as ▁the ▁Queen ▁R ania ▁Center ▁for ▁Environment al ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology , ▁Cons ult ative ▁Center ▁for ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology , ▁Energy ▁Center , ▁Ph arma ce ut ical ▁Research ▁Center , ▁Princess ▁H aya ▁Bi ote chn ology ▁Center , ▁and ▁the ▁Agricult ural ▁Center ▁for ▁Research ▁& ▁Production . ▁ ▁Research ▁fund ing ▁has ▁stead ily ▁grown ▁since ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁J UST ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁and ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 ▁research ▁projects ▁are ▁spons ored ▁and ▁fund ed ▁each ▁year . ▁As ▁testim ony ▁to ▁this ▁development , ▁ ▁J UST ▁was ▁ranked ▁as ▁the ▁top ▁research ▁university ▁in ▁Jordan , ▁and ▁amongst ▁the ▁top ▁ 3 % ▁univers ities ▁in ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁world , ▁according ▁to ▁a ▁study ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁An k ara - based ▁Statist ical , ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Social ▁Research ▁and ▁Training ▁Center ▁for ▁Islam ic ▁Count ries ▁( SE SR TC IC ). ▁ ▁Nature ▁Journal ▁has ▁reported ▁Jordan ▁as ▁having ▁the ▁highest ▁number ▁of ▁research ers ▁in ▁research ▁and ▁development ▁per ▁million ▁people ▁among ▁all ▁the ▁ 5 7 ▁countries ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Organisation ▁of ▁Islam ic ▁Co operation ▁( O IC ). ▁In ▁Jordan ▁there ▁are ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁research ers ▁per ▁million ▁people , ▁while ▁the ▁average ▁among ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁O IC ▁is ▁ 5 0 0 ▁research ers ▁per ▁million ▁people . ▁This ▁means ▁that ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁research ers ▁per ▁population ▁in ▁Jordan , ▁is
▁higher ▁than ▁Italy , ▁Israel ▁and ▁Greece ▁and ▁just ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁number ▁in ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁and ▁Ireland . ▁ ▁The ▁De ans hip ▁of ▁Research ▁at ▁J UST ▁is ▁the ▁administrative ▁and ▁technical ▁body ▁that ▁facil it ates , ▁regul ates ▁and ▁obser ves ▁the ▁processes ▁concerning ▁research . ▁It ▁works ▁in ▁a ▁collabor ative ▁and ▁complement ary ▁manner ▁with ▁other ▁fac ult ies ▁and ▁administrative ▁bodies ▁of ▁the ▁university . ▁Any ▁research ▁on ▁humans ▁should ▁be ▁approved ▁by ▁the ▁Institution al ▁Research ▁Board ▁( IR B ) ▁and ▁any ▁research ▁on ▁animals ▁should ▁be ▁approved ▁by ▁the ▁university ▁Animal ▁Care ▁and ▁Use ▁Committee ▁( AC UC ) ▁before ▁being ▁fund ed . ▁De ans hip ▁of ▁Research ▁ ▁N uc lear ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁Center ▁ ▁In ▁consist ence ▁with ▁Jordan ' s ▁efforts ▁to ▁develop ▁and ▁use ▁nuclear ▁energy ▁for ▁peace ful ▁purposes ▁and ▁less en ▁its ▁dependence ▁on ▁foss il ▁fuel , ▁and ▁in ▁co - ordin ance ▁with ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁N uc lear ▁Engineering ▁of ▁J UST , ▁a ▁nuclear ▁research ▁re actor , ▁the ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁country , ▁has ▁been ▁set ▁to ▁be ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁university ▁campus ▁which ▁will ▁serve ▁as ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁nuclear ▁technology ▁infrastr ucture ▁of ▁Jordan . ▁ ▁The ▁five - m eg aw att ▁( MW ) ▁nuclear ▁research ▁re actor , ▁which ▁was ▁inaugur ated ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁will ▁become ▁the ▁foc al ▁point ▁for ▁a ▁N uc lear ▁Science ▁and
▁Technology ▁Center ▁( N ST C ) ▁in ▁J UST , ▁playing ▁the ▁primary ▁role ▁in ▁educ ating ▁and ▁training ▁the ▁up coming ▁gener ations ▁of ▁nuclear ▁engine ers ▁and ▁scient ists , ▁and ▁providing ▁ir rad iation ▁services ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁Jordan ian ▁industrial , ▁agricult ural ▁and ▁health / med ical ▁infrastr uct ures . ▁ ▁The ▁nuclear ▁research ▁re actor ▁center ▁will ▁include ▁radio is ot ope ▁production ▁and ▁training ▁facilities , ▁future ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁center ▁will ▁include ▁a ▁fuel ▁fabric ation ▁plant , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁radio active ▁waste ▁and ▁cold ▁neut ron ▁facilities . ▁The ▁re actor , ▁which ▁will ▁be ▁upgrade able ▁to ▁ 1 0 MW , ▁will ▁facil itate ▁the ▁training ▁of ▁nuclear ▁operators ▁and ▁techn icians ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁advanced ▁nuclear ▁research ▁in ▁neut ron ▁sciences ▁and ▁the ▁commercial ▁production ▁of ▁radio is ot op es , ▁it ▁will ▁also ▁allow ▁for ▁practical ▁experience ▁for ▁Jord ani ans ▁in ▁nuclear ▁energy , ▁re actor ▁physics , ▁radio chem istry ▁and ▁radiation ▁protection . ▁The ▁research ▁re actor ▁is ▁considered ▁by ▁Jordan ▁At omic ▁Energy ▁Commission ▁( J A EC ) ▁officials ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁important ▁prec ursor ▁to ▁Jordan ' s ▁first ▁nuclear ▁power ▁plant , ▁a ▁ 7 5 0 – 1 , 0 0 0 MW ▁Generation ▁III ▁re actor ▁to ▁be ▁built ▁in ▁an ▁area ▁in ▁M af ra q ▁ 4 0 ▁kilom eters ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁Am man ▁and ▁ 1 5 ▁kilom eters ▁away ▁from ▁the
▁Hash em ite ▁University . ▁ ▁Library ▁ ▁The ▁library ▁collection ▁compr ises ▁ 1 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁books , ▁and ▁ 4 5 , 0 0 0 ▁volumes ▁of ▁period ical s ▁back ▁issues . ▁In ▁organ izing ▁its ▁collection , ▁the ▁Library ▁adopt s ▁the ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress ▁Classification ▁Sch eme , ▁and ▁uses ▁the ▁Ang lo - American ▁Catalog ing ▁R ules ▁( A AC R 2 ) ▁and ▁the ▁International ▁Standard ▁of ▁Bibli ographic ▁Description ▁( I SB D ). ▁ ▁To ▁co pe ▁with ▁the ▁new ▁techn ologies ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁library ▁and ▁information ▁science , ▁the ▁library ▁started ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁to ▁offer ▁retrieved ▁information ▁services ▁through ▁a ▁good ▁number ▁of ▁necessary ▁databases , ▁which ▁are ▁published ▁on ▁CD - ROM ▁or ▁online ▁( W AN ) ▁subscri ptions . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁libraries ▁in ▁J UST , ▁one ▁in ▁the ▁Engineering ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex . ▁While ▁both ▁libraries ▁give ▁the ▁students ▁an ▁appropriate ▁and ▁suitable ▁place ▁for ▁reading ▁and ▁studying , ▁the ▁two - floor ▁library ▁at ▁the ▁Medical ▁Fac ult ies ▁Complex ▁is ▁relatively ▁larger , ▁also ▁contains ▁ 1 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁books , ▁and ▁ 4 5 , 0 0 0 ▁volumes ▁of ▁back ▁issues ▁of ▁period ical s , ▁which ▁makes ▁it ▁the ▁main ▁library ▁at ▁the ▁university . ▁At ▁the ▁present ▁time , ▁a ▁third ▁library ▁is ▁being
▁built ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁complex es ▁and ▁is ▁larger ▁in ▁size ▁than ▁both ▁existing ▁libraries ▁and ▁is ▁set ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁largest ▁library ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East . ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁The ▁university ▁issues ▁a ▁quarter ly ▁journal ▁called ▁the ▁Jordan ▁Journal ▁of ▁Civil ▁Engineering ▁( J J CE ). ▁The ▁journal ▁is ▁intern ation ally ▁peer - review ed . ▁Sub ject s ▁covered ▁include ▁applications ▁of ▁civil ▁re h abil at ations , ▁struct ural ▁control , ▁smart ▁materials , ▁earth qu ake ▁engineering , ▁ge ote chn ical ▁engineering ▁and ▁soil / rock ▁mechan ics , ▁dam ▁engineering , ▁traffic ▁and ▁transport ation ▁engineering , ▁water ▁and ▁environmental ▁engineering , ▁construction ▁management ▁and ▁project ▁planning , ▁surve ying ▁and ▁mapping , ▁and ▁infrastr uct ures ▁engineering , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁numerical ▁and ▁analyt ical ▁methods . ▁ ▁The ▁De ans hip ▁of ▁Research ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁fund ing ▁of ▁research ▁publications ▁by ▁staff ▁members ▁and ▁students , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁man aging ▁the ▁Jordan ▁Journal ▁of ▁Civil ▁Engineering . ▁Further ▁information : ▁Research ▁at ▁Jordan ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁Student ▁New sp aper ▁Just ▁for ▁Just , ▁is ▁an ▁electronic ▁newspaper ▁initi ated ▁by ▁the ▁students ▁of ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁Stud ents ▁A ▁students ' ▁union ▁is ▁elected ▁ann ually ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁students . ▁Student ▁clubs ▁that ▁are ▁responsible ▁for ▁organ izing ▁various ▁events ▁throughout ▁the ▁academic ▁year . ▁Of ▁the ▁most ▁prominent ▁of ▁these ▁clubs ▁are ▁the ▁Medical ▁Club , ▁Great
▁Arab ▁Revol t ▁Club , ▁Media ▁Club , ▁Science ▁Club , ▁International ▁student ▁Club , ▁Ch ess ▁Club , ▁and ▁Culture ▁Club . ▁ ▁International ▁community ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁international ▁students ▁at ▁J UST ▁continues ▁to ▁rise ; ▁in ▁the ▁academic ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 5 / 2 0 0 6 , ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 , 5 0 0 ▁students ▁of ▁ 4 8 ▁national ities ▁came ▁from ▁outside ▁Jordan . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁academic ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 9 / 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁university ▁compr ised ▁ 5 , 4 1 5 ▁international ▁students ▁from ▁ 6 1 ▁different ▁national ities , ▁rendering ▁it ▁the ▁most ▁cultural - d iverse ▁university ▁in ▁Jordan . ▁The ▁International ▁Student ▁Office ▁( ISO ) ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁is ▁super vised ▁directly ▁by ▁the ▁president . ▁High ly ▁qualified ▁coordin ators ▁and ▁staff ▁provide ▁cultural , ▁social ▁and ▁legal ▁consult ation , ▁field ▁tri ps , ▁social ▁events , ▁and ▁meet ings ▁with ▁the ▁president . ▁An ▁International ▁Community ▁Fair ▁takes ▁place ▁ann ually ▁at ▁the ▁university ▁with ▁the ▁aim ▁of ▁encourag ing ▁and ▁prom oting ▁cross - c ult ural ▁communication ▁and ▁divers ity ▁in ▁the ▁work place . ▁ ▁H ous ing ▁ ▁On - camp us ▁housing ▁The ▁first ▁building ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁Due ▁to ▁increasing ▁demand , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁buildings ▁was ▁gradually ▁raised ▁to ▁eight ▁fully ▁occupied ▁buildings . ▁Each ▁building ▁consists ▁of
▁four ▁flo ors , ▁the ▁ground ▁floor ▁included . ▁Each ▁floor ▁consists ▁of ▁two ▁major ▁w ards , ▁each ▁of ▁which ▁contains ▁eleven ▁rooms , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁an ▁ade qu ate ▁number ▁of ▁bath rooms ▁and ▁show ers ▁associated ▁with ▁each ▁w ard . ▁Each ▁building ▁offers ▁three ▁types ▁of ▁rooms . ▁ ▁Health ▁care ▁and ▁ins urance ▁Health ▁care ▁is ▁available ▁to ▁all ▁students , ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁sem ester ▁fe es . ▁It ▁covers ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁of ▁most ▁services ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁Health ▁Cent ers , ▁including ▁King ▁Abd ul lah ▁University ▁Hospital ▁( K AU H ) ▁and ▁the ▁J UST ▁Health ▁Center ▁( HC ). ▁The ▁university ▁provides ▁free ▁life ▁ins urance ▁coverage ▁to ▁all ▁students . ▁J UST ▁Health ▁Center ▁( HC ) ▁in ▁I rb id ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁to ▁provide ▁medical ▁care ▁to ▁students , ▁fac ulty ▁and ▁staff . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁teaching ▁center ▁for ▁the ▁res iden cy ▁program ▁of ▁family ▁medicine . ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁ ▁Kam el ▁A j lou ni , ▁end ocr in ologist ▁and ▁university ▁president ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁International ▁affili ations ▁ ▁Association ▁of ▁Arab ▁Univers ities ▁( A Ar U ) ▁ ▁International ▁Association ▁of ▁Univers ities ▁( IA U ) ▁ ▁Federation ▁of ▁the ▁Univers ities ▁of ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁World ▁( F UI W ) ▁ ▁Mediter rane
an ▁Univers ities ▁Union ▁( UN IME D ) ▁ ▁Royal ▁Norwegian ▁Commission ▁ ▁I K IP / Mal ays ia ▁ ▁International ▁Center ▁for ▁Agricult ural ▁Research ▁in ▁the ▁D ry ▁Are as ▁( IC AR DA ) ▁ ▁World ▁Health ▁Organ ization ▁( W HO ) ▁ ▁Canadian ▁International ▁Development ▁Agency ▁( C ID A ) ▁ ▁EU ▁ ▁International ▁Centre ▁for ▁Gen etic ▁Engineering ▁and ▁Bi ote chn ology ▁( IC GE B ) ▁ ▁UN ES CO ▁ ▁Alexander ▁von ▁H umb old t ▁Foundation / G erm any ▁ ▁International ▁Centre ▁for ▁The oret ical ▁Physics / Ital y ▁ ▁German ▁Academ ic ▁Exchange ▁Service ▁( DA AD ) ▁ ▁The ▁British ▁Council / O DA ▁ ▁The ▁French ▁Mission ▁for ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Water ▁( F ul br ight ) ▁ ▁C is co ▁Systems ▁ ▁Bos can ▁International ▁ ▁Microsoft ▁ ▁IBM ▁ ▁Ph oto ▁gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Jordan ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁▁▁ ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Category : S cient ific ▁organis ations ▁based ▁in ▁Jordan ▁Category : S cience ▁and ▁technology ▁in ▁Jordan ▁Category : Res earch ▁instit utes ▁in ▁Jordan ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Jordan ▁Category : Univers ities ▁in ▁Jordan ▁Category : I rb id ▁Governor ate <0x0A> </s> ▁Ben ▁V ane ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁mountain ▁situated ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁High lands . ▁The ▁underlying ▁ge ology ▁almost ▁entirely ▁compr
ises ▁the ▁Be inn ▁B he ula ▁Sch ist ▁Form ation ▁- ▁ps amm ite ▁and ▁pel ite ▁with ▁a ▁Sil uro - Dev onian ▁dy ke ▁prominent ▁round ▁the ▁northern ▁and ▁eastern ▁face . ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Ar ro char ▁Al ps ▁and ▁stands ▁slightly ▁separate ▁from ▁the ▁other ▁mountains ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁being ▁connected ▁on ▁its ▁western ▁side ▁to ▁the ▁neighbour ing ▁Be inn ▁ Ì me ▁by ▁a ▁low ▁col ▁at ▁ 4 9 2 met res . ▁Ben ▁V ane ▁itself ▁just ▁qual ifies ▁as ▁a ▁Mun ro ▁reaching ▁a ▁height ▁of ▁ 9 1 5 met res ▁( 3 , 0 0 2 fe et ) ▁and ▁is ▁character ised ▁by ▁ste ep ▁and ▁rug ged ▁s lop es ▁which ▁fall ▁away ▁to ▁the ▁In ver ug las ▁Water ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁the ▁All t ▁Co ire gro igan ▁to ▁the ▁south ; ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁the ▁descent ▁is ▁more ▁und ulating ▁going ▁over ▁the ▁subs idi ary ▁top ▁of ▁Be inn ▁Dub h ▁before ▁falling ▁to ▁the ▁valley ▁at ▁the ▁north ▁end ▁of ▁L och ▁S loy . ▁D ense ▁forest ry ▁clo ak ▁the ▁mountain ▁on ▁its ▁lower ▁southern ▁slope ▁in ▁All t ▁Co ire gro igan . ▁Also ▁on ▁these ▁southern ▁s lop es ▁by ▁the ▁All t ▁Co ire gro igan ▁is ▁a ▁dis used ▁quar ry ▁which ▁provided ▁cr ushed ▁stone ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁L och ▁S loy ▁dam ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1
9 4 0 s . ▁The ▁dam ▁wall ▁lies ▁two ▁km ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁quar ry ▁and ▁a ▁convey or ▁bel t ▁was ▁constructed ▁to ▁carry ▁the ▁cr ushed ▁stone ▁over ▁the ▁lower ▁s lop es ▁of ▁Ben ▁V ane ▁to ▁the ▁batch ing ▁plant ▁beside ▁the ▁dam . ▁ ▁The ▁direct ▁route ▁up ▁the ▁mountain ▁starts ▁from ▁the ▁car ▁park ▁at ▁grid ▁reference ▁ ▁opposite ▁the ▁L och ▁S loy ▁power ▁station ▁on ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁L och ▁L om ond ▁and ▁follows ▁the ▁private ▁t arm ac ▁road ▁by ▁the ▁In ver ug las ▁Water ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁L och ▁S loy ▁hydro ▁dam ▁for ▁two ▁kilometres ▁before ▁striking ▁ste ep ly ▁up ▁the ▁mountain ' s ▁eastern ▁r idge . ▁Initial ly ▁there ▁is ▁some ▁bog gy ▁ground ▁and ▁some ▁c rag s ▁to ▁avoid ▁higher ▁up ▁but ▁the ▁top ▁is ▁easily ▁reached ▁after ▁a ▁few ▁false ▁summ its ▁on ▁the ▁way . ▁Ben ▁V ane ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁clim bed ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁Ar ro char ▁Al ps ▁especially ▁Be inn ▁ Ì me ▁and ▁Be inn ▁N arn ain . ▁ ▁The ▁sum mit ▁of ▁the ▁mountain ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁plate au ▁crown ed ▁by ▁a ▁c air n . ▁The ▁highlight s ▁of ▁the ▁view ▁from ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁Ben ▁V ane ▁are ▁Ben ▁Vor lich ▁and ▁L och ▁S loy ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁east ▁and ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁Ar ro char ▁Al ps ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁west ,
▁A ' ▁Ch ro is ▁looks ▁especially ▁fine ▁across ▁the ▁deep ▁g len ▁of ▁All t ▁Co ire g rog ain . ▁The ▁vista ▁to ▁L och s ▁Ark let ▁and ▁K atr ine ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁is ▁very ▁good . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M un ros ▁Category : Mar il yn s ▁of ▁Scotland ▁Category : Mount ains ▁and ▁hills ▁of ▁the ▁Southern ▁High lands ▁Category : Mount ains ▁and ▁hills ▁of ▁Ar gy ll ▁and ▁B ute <0x0A> </s> ▁Earl ▁of ▁Car ham pton ▁was ▁a ▁title ▁in ▁the ▁Pe er age ▁of ▁Ireland . ▁It ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 5 ▁for ▁Simon ▁L ut tre ll , ▁ 1 st ▁Vis count ▁Car ham pton . ▁He ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁created ▁Baron ▁Ir n ham , ▁of ▁L ut tre ll st own ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Dublin , ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 8 ▁and ▁Vis count ▁Car ham pton , ▁of ▁Castle h aven ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁C ork , ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 1 , ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁Pe er age ▁of ▁Ireland . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Henry ▁L ut tre ll . ▁Lord ▁Car ham pton ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁el dest ▁son , ▁the ▁second ▁Earl . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁General ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁Commander - in - Ch ief ▁of ▁Ireland ▁from ▁ 1 7 9 6 ▁to ▁ 1 7 9 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁child less ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded
▁by ▁his ▁younger ▁brother , ▁the ▁third ▁Earl . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁Captain ▁in ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁and ▁also ▁sat ▁as ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁Stock bridge . ▁He ▁married ▁as ▁his ▁first ▁wife ▁the ▁Hon ou rable ▁Elizabeth ▁Ol mi us ▁( d ied ▁ 1 7 9 6 ), ▁daughter ▁of ▁John ▁Ol mi us , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁W alth am , ▁and ▁assumed ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 7 ▁by ▁Royal ▁Lic ence ▁the ▁additional ▁surname ▁of ▁Ol mi us . ▁Lord ▁Car ham pton ▁had ▁no ▁sons ▁and ▁the ▁titles ▁became ▁ext inct ▁on ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 9 . ▁Al ready ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁George ▁IV ▁offered ▁to ▁rev ive ▁the ▁ear ld om ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁Sir ▁S ime on ▁Stuart , ▁ 5 th ▁Baron et , ▁son ▁of ▁Sir ▁S ime on ▁Stuart , ▁ 4 th ▁Baron et , ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Lady ▁Frances ▁Maria , ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁third ▁Earl . ▁However , ▁the ▁offer ▁was ▁decl ined . ▁ ▁Car ham pton ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁about ▁one ▁mile ▁from ▁Dun ster , ▁Som erset . ▁ ▁Ear ls ▁of ▁Car ham pton ▁Simon ▁L ut tre ll , ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁Car ham pton ▁( 1 7 1 3 – 1 7 8 7 ) ▁Henry ▁Law es ▁L ut tre ll , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Car ham pton ▁( 1 7 4 3 – 1 8 2 1 ) ▁John ▁L ut
tre ll - O l mi us , ▁ 3 rd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Car ham pton ▁( 1 7 4 1 – 1 8 2 9 ), ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Stuart ▁Baron ets , ▁of ▁Hart ley ▁Ma ud uit ▁L ut tre ll ▁Ps alter ▁ ▁References ▁K idd , ▁Charles , ▁William son , ▁David ▁( edit ors ). ▁Deb rett ' s ▁Pe er age ▁and ▁Baron et age ▁( 1 9 9 0 ▁edition ). ▁New ▁York : ▁St ▁Martin ' s ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁Category : Ext inct ▁ear ld oms ▁in ▁the ▁Pe er age ▁of ▁Ireland <0x0A> </s> ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es ▁Association ▁of ▁Roman ia ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁formal ▁name ▁used ▁by ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es ▁for ▁their ▁operations ▁in ▁Roman ia , ▁with ▁a ▁branch ▁office ▁located ▁in ▁Buch ar est . ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁eigh teen ▁officially ▁recogn ised ▁religious ▁denomin ations ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁national ▁census ▁held ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁it ▁has ▁ 4 9 , 8 2 0 ▁ad her ents , ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁country ' s ▁t enth - larg est ▁den om ination . ▁Each ▁con greg ation ▁is ▁super vised ▁by ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁el ders ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁G over ning ▁Body ▁of ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es . ▁The ▁mag az ines ▁The ▁Watch t ower ▁and ▁Aw ake
! ▁are ▁both ▁published ▁in ▁Roman ian . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Found ing ▁and ▁inter war ▁period ▁Bible ▁Student ▁groups ▁first ▁appeared ▁in ▁present - day ▁Roman ia ▁through ▁Hung arian ▁mission aries ▁in ▁Trans ylvan ia . ▁In ▁particular , ▁two ▁em igr ants ▁who ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁returned ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁their ▁h omet own ▁of ▁T âr gu ▁M ure ș ▁( Mar os v ás ár hely ) ▁managed ▁to ▁convert ▁local ▁Hung ari ans ▁to ▁their ▁cre ed . ▁They ▁published ▁the ▁first ▁edition ▁of ▁The ▁Watch t ower ▁in ▁Hung arian ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁Roman ian ▁version ▁coming ▁out ▁two ▁years ▁later , ▁also ▁in ▁T âr gu ▁M ure ș . ▁Similar ▁groups ▁were ▁also ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁Old ▁Kingdom ▁prior ▁to ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁and ▁there ▁remain ▁groups ▁under ▁the ▁" B ible ▁Student " ▁name ▁in ▁Roman ia ▁today . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁Io an ▁B . ▁S ima , ▁a ▁former ▁Greek - C atholic , ▁was ▁sent ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁organ ise ▁the ▁community , ▁which ▁was ▁divided ▁into ▁four ▁groups ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s . ▁After ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁Trans ylvan ia ▁with ▁Roman ia ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁the ▁headquarters ▁moved ▁to ▁Cl uj , ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁Watch ▁Tower ▁Society ▁set ▁up ▁there ▁two ▁years ▁later , ▁its ▁con greg ation
▁mainly ▁Hung arian . ▁The ▁society ▁function ed ▁as ▁a ▁regional ▁hub , ▁coordin ating ▁activities ▁for ▁Hung ary , ▁Y ug oslav ia , ▁Bulg aria ▁and ▁Alban ia . ▁Following ▁a ▁leadership ▁dispute ▁in ▁the ▁Bible ▁Student ▁movement ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁those ▁who ▁remained ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Watch ▁Tower ▁Society ▁became ▁known ▁as ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁witness es ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁inter war ▁period ▁of ▁Gre ater ▁Roman ia ▁the ▁government ▁im posed ▁success ive ▁b ans ▁on ▁the ▁group ' s ▁operations . ▁The ▁first ▁came ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 : ▁the ▁group ▁was ▁considered ▁a ▁deviation ▁from ▁main stream ▁Christian ity ▁and ▁an ▁extra ▁head ache ▁for ▁authorities ▁busy ▁dealing ▁with ▁new ▁extrem ist ▁movements . ▁At ▁that ▁point , ▁The ▁Watch t ower ▁was ▁b anned , ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁wider ▁move ▁to ▁cur tail ▁the ▁group ' s ▁publications . ▁By ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁pressure ▁had ▁e ased ▁and ▁the ▁headquarters ▁moved ▁to ▁Buch ar est , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁shift ▁into ▁eastern ▁and ▁southern ▁Roman ia . ▁Orth odox ▁Uk ra ini ans ▁and ▁Ser bs ▁were ▁converted , ▁followed ▁by ▁Roman ian ▁Se vent h - day ▁Advent ists ▁in ▁Mold avia ▁and ▁in ro ads ▁into ▁Dob ru ja , ▁Ol ten ia ▁and ▁Mun ten ia . ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁legal ised ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 ; ▁its ▁application ▁to
▁register ▁as ▁a ▁joint - stock ▁company ▁claimed ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁members ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁The ▁following ▁ban ▁came ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁as ▁the ▁rule ▁of ▁King ▁Carol ▁II ▁was ▁sl iding ▁into ▁author itar ian ism . ▁In ▁the ▁piece ▁of ▁legisl ation ▁passed ▁to ▁this ▁effect ▁by ▁the ▁G he org he ▁T ăt ă res cu ▁cabinet , ▁they ▁were ▁defined ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁" rel ig ious ▁associations ▁and ▁sect s " ▁whose ▁activity ▁on ▁Roman ian ▁soil ▁was ▁prohib ited ; ▁the ▁list ▁also ▁included ▁the ▁Pent ec ost als , ▁the ▁Apost ol ic ▁Fa ith ▁Church ▁of ▁God , ▁the ▁Naz aren es , ▁the ▁Old ▁Calendar ▁Orth odox , ▁the ▁In och ent ist ▁church ▁and ▁Bible ▁soci eties . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁their ▁cons cient ious ▁ob jection , ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es ▁were ▁per sec uted ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁under ▁the ▁I on ▁Anton es cu ▁regime . ▁Meanwhile , ▁the ▁leadership ▁with d rew ▁to ▁Northern ▁Trans ylvan ia ▁after ▁the ▁area ▁was ▁c eded ▁to ▁Hung ary ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁One ▁leader , ▁Martin ▁Magyar osi , ▁was ▁arrested ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁followed ▁later ▁by ▁another , ▁Pam fil ▁Al bu . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁Wit ness es ▁from ▁Northern ▁Trans ylvan ia ▁were ▁intern ed ▁in ▁a ▁prison ▁camp ▁in ▁the ▁Ser bian ▁town ▁of ▁Bor
, ▁alongside ▁Jews ▁and ▁Advent ists . ▁ ▁Commun ist ▁era ▁and ▁subsequent ▁develop ments ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁King ▁Michael ▁C oup , ▁the ▁Wit ness es ▁revert ed ▁to ▁their ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁status , ▁and ▁were ▁given ▁en hanced ▁prote ctions ▁when ▁they ▁registered ▁as ▁a ▁" legal ▁entity " ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 5 – 4 6 , ▁the ▁Wit ness es ▁were ▁permitted ▁to ▁open ly ▁publish ▁their ▁literature ▁in ▁Roman ian ; ▁however , ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁their ▁operations ▁were ▁again ▁b anned ▁when ▁the ▁new ▁Roman ian ▁Commun ist ▁regime ▁ex cluded ▁them ▁from ▁its ▁list ▁of ▁official ▁religious ▁communities ; ▁another ▁account ▁places ▁the ▁ban ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁by ▁government al ▁dec ree . ▁In ▁August ▁of ▁that ▁year , ▁the ▁Buch ar est ▁office ▁was ▁closed , ▁its ▁subs idi ary ▁buildings ▁and ▁equipment ▁seized . ▁The ▁group ▁presented ▁forth right ▁crit iques ▁of ▁ecc les iast ical , ▁social ▁and ▁political ▁institutions , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁ap oc aly ptic ▁pron oun c ements ▁that ▁were ▁considered ▁sub vers ive ▁by ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁regime . ▁Even ▁more ▁than ▁their ▁radical ▁mill en arian ism , ▁their ▁opposition ▁to ▁military ▁service ▁and ▁what ▁officials ▁understood ▁as ▁the ▁Wit ness es ' ▁attitude ▁to ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁state ▁were ▁also ▁considered ▁un accept able . ▁St
ories ▁claim ing ▁that ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es ▁were ▁prepared ▁to ▁become ▁personally ▁involved ▁in ▁over coming ▁the ▁powers ▁of ▁darkness ▁and ▁to ▁bring ▁to ▁a ▁consum m ation ▁the ▁clim actic ▁es chat ological ▁moment ▁were ▁circul ated , ▁increasing ▁pressure ▁on ▁the ▁group . ▁Its ▁close ▁t ies ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁also ▁proved ▁problem atic , ▁with ▁members ▁accused ▁of ▁esp ion age ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁the ▁Cold ▁War ▁super power . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁ban , ▁the ▁group ▁had ▁some ▁ 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁members . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁leaders , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁ordinary ▁faithful , ▁were ▁imprison ed ▁on ▁charges ▁including ▁public ▁inst ig ation , ▁distribution ▁of ▁b anned ▁material ▁and ▁consp i racy ▁against ▁the ▁social ▁order , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁draft ▁ev asion . ▁Among ▁those ▁arrested ▁were ▁the ▁leadership ; ▁Al bu , ▁Magyar osi ▁and ▁Pet re ▁Ran ca ▁were ▁conv icted ▁of ▁sp ying ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁an ▁" Ang lo - American ▁network ". ▁ ▁Official s ▁maintained ▁close ▁surve ill ance ▁of ▁the ▁Wit ness ▁community , ▁subject ed ▁its ▁members ▁to ▁inten se ▁har ass ment ▁and ▁disc rim ination , ▁and ▁dep riv ed ▁them ▁of ▁their ▁civil ▁rights ▁on ▁various ▁occasions . ▁The ▁media ▁and ▁other ▁methods ▁were ▁also ▁employed ▁against ▁the ▁Wit ness es . ▁Relig ious ▁scholar ▁Earl ▁A . ▁Pope ▁c ites ▁an ▁American ▁report ▁which ▁stated ▁that ▁in ▁ 1 9
7 5 ▁there ▁were ▁" he avy ▁per sec utions " ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁major ▁cities , ▁including ▁brut al ▁beat ings , ▁continuous ▁question ing ▁in ▁excess ▁of ▁fifty ▁hours ▁at ▁a ▁time , ▁and ▁physical ▁tort ure , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁many ▁hundreds ▁of ▁house ▁searches ▁throughout ▁the ▁country ▁and ▁se iz ure ▁of ▁religious ▁literature . ▁However , ▁repr ession ▁began ▁to ▁dimin ish ▁somewhat ▁at ▁that ▁point , ▁although ▁sentences ▁for ▁draft ▁ev asion ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁pron ounced . ▁The ▁G over ning ▁Body ▁tried ▁to ▁negoti ate ▁with ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁government , ▁but ▁their ▁communic ations ▁were ▁un answer ed . ▁No ▁precise ▁figures ▁are ▁available ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁the ▁movement ▁under ▁Commun ism , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁large ▁enough ▁to ▁create ▁considerable ▁app reh ension ▁for ▁officials . ▁It ▁is ▁estimated ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 7 , 0 0 0 ▁ad her ents ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁While ▁repr ess ive ▁measures ▁were ▁relax ed ▁starting ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 7 0 s , ▁gain ing ▁new ▁converts ▁proved ▁difficult . ▁One ▁method ▁involved ▁members ▁travel ing ▁in ▁pairs ▁by ▁train , ▁starting ▁a ▁conversation ▁on ▁religious ▁topics ▁and ▁beginning ▁to ▁pros ely t ize ▁after ▁gain ing ▁the ▁interest ▁of ▁others ▁in ▁their ▁compart ment . ▁Another ▁strategy ▁was ▁to ▁start ▁religious ▁discuss ions ▁in ▁c em eter ies ▁or ▁in ▁crow ded ▁areas ▁like ▁rail ▁and ▁bus ▁stations . ▁The ▁Watch t ower ▁was
▁sent ▁into ▁Roman ia ▁in ▁English , ▁translated ▁by ▁Wit ness es ▁into ▁Roman ian , ▁the ▁manuscript ▁sent ▁into ▁Austria ▁and ▁copies ▁then ▁brought ▁back ▁into ▁Roman ia , ▁distributed ▁to ▁members ▁and ▁used ▁in ▁conversion ▁efforts . ▁According ▁to ▁British ▁political ▁scient ist ▁Tom ▁Gall ag her , ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁one ▁source ▁of ▁converts ▁to ▁the ▁Wit ness es , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁Protest ant ▁denomin ations , ▁was ▁the ▁new ▁working ▁class ▁hous ed ▁in ▁urban ▁high - r ise ▁settlement s , ▁as ▁the ▁Orth odox ▁hierarchy ▁was ▁rel uct ant ▁to ▁take ▁care ▁of ▁this ▁group ' s ▁religious ▁needs . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁World ▁Council ▁of ▁Church es ' ▁official ▁magazine , ▁Metropolitan ▁Anton ie ▁Pl ă m ă de al ă ▁of ▁the ▁dominant ▁Roman ian ▁Orth odox ▁Church ▁said ▁that ▁gain ing ▁official ▁recognition ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁very ▁difficult ▁for ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es ▁in ▁Roman ia ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁attitude ▁toward ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁state ▁and ▁to ▁military ▁service , ▁but ▁it ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁been ▁impossible ▁if ▁the ▁state ▁had ▁better ▁understood ▁their ▁views ▁and ▁been ▁less ▁par ano id . ▁He ▁claimed ▁that ▁if ▁they ▁kept ▁a ▁low ▁profile ▁and ▁were ▁not ▁active ▁against ▁the ▁state , ▁the ▁authorities ▁would ▁be ▁un con c ern ed ▁about ▁them . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit
ness es ▁in ▁Roman ia ▁received ▁legal ▁status ▁as ▁a ▁religious ▁association ▁on ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁That ▁year , ▁their ▁first ▁con gress es ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁Bra ș ov ▁and ▁then ▁Buch ar est , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁bapt ism ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁new ▁members ; ▁they ▁claimed ▁ 3 5 , 0 0 0 ▁ad her ents ▁by ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁Since ▁its ▁legal ization , ▁opposition ▁has ▁come ▁from ▁the ▁Orth odox ▁Church , ▁which ▁cons iders ▁the ▁group ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁her et ical ▁sect ▁that ▁emp lo ys ▁" ag gress ive ▁pros ely t ism ". ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁Orth odox ▁Church ▁influenced ▁the ▁authorities ▁to ▁cancel ▁a ▁planned ▁international ▁convention ▁of ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁scheduled ▁to ▁take ▁place ▁in ▁Buch ar est ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁at ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁encounter ing ▁difficulty ▁obtain ing ▁authorization ▁for ▁new ▁buildings ▁and ▁c em eter ies , ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Culture ▁and ▁Relig ious ▁Affairs ▁rejected ▁a ▁request ▁for ▁the ▁Wit ness es ' ▁recognition ▁as ▁a ▁religious ▁den om ination . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁four teen ▁young ▁members ▁were ▁involved ▁in ▁cases ▁before ▁the ▁military ▁authorities , ▁having ▁refused ▁both ▁oblig atory ▁army ▁service ▁and ▁two ▁years ▁of ▁community ▁service ▁in ▁exchange ▁for
▁a ▁year ▁of ▁cons cription ▁duty . ▁They ▁received ▁susp ended ▁prison ▁sentences , ▁drawing ▁condem n ation ▁from ▁Am n esty ▁International , ▁but ▁these ▁were ▁subsequently ▁ann ul led ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Justice . ▁P urs u ant ▁to ▁a ▁r uling ▁by ▁the ▁same ▁court ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁Culture ▁Ministry ▁granted ▁the ▁group ▁official ▁recognition ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁first ▁den om ination ▁to ▁be ▁recogn ised ▁since ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁Revolution . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁there ▁were ▁an ▁estimated ▁ 3 0 0 ▁Kingdom ▁H alls ▁serving ▁some ▁ 5 0 0 ▁con greg ations ; ▁the ▁group ▁claimed ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁members ▁that ▁year , ▁of ▁whom ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁were ▁living ▁abroad . ▁The ▁census ▁held ▁the ▁prior ▁year , ▁the ▁country ' s ▁first ▁to ▁record ▁Wit ness es , ▁found ▁ 4 9 , 8 2 0 ▁ad her ents ▁or ▁ 0 . 2 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁for ▁whom ▁data ▁were ▁available . ▁The ▁highest ▁numbers ▁were ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁count ies ▁of ▁M ure ș ▁( 6 9 8 1 ), ▁Mar am ure ș ▁( 5 9 6 0 ), ▁Cl uj ▁( 5 7 8 3 ), ▁S atu ▁Mare ▁( 3 8 4 1 ) ▁and ▁Bra ș ov ▁( 2 4 5 5 ), ▁all ▁in ▁Trans ylvan
ia . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁Tom ▁Gall ag her , ▁Modern ▁Roman ia : ▁The ▁End ▁of ▁Commun ism , ▁the ▁Fail ure ▁of ▁Democratic ▁Reform , ▁and ▁the ▁The ft ▁of ▁a ▁Nation , ▁NY U ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁▁ ▁Corn eli u ▁P int iles cu ▁and ▁And r ada ▁F ă tu - T ut ove anu , ▁" Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es ▁in ▁Post - Comm un ist ▁Roman ia : ▁The ▁Rel ations hip ▁between ▁the ▁Relig ious ▁Minor ity ▁and ▁the ▁State ▁( 1 9 8 9 - 2 0 1 0 )", ▁in ▁Journal ▁for ▁the ▁Study ▁of ▁Relig ions ▁and ▁Ide ologies , ▁vol . ▁ 1 0 , ▁issue ▁ 3 0 ▁( W inter ▁ 2 0 1 1 ): ▁ 1 0 2 - 1 2 6 ▁Earl ▁A . ▁Pope , ▁" Pro test ant ism ▁in ▁Roman ia ", ▁in ▁Sab r ina ▁P . ▁Ram et ▁( ed .), ▁Christian ity ▁under ▁Str ess . ▁Vol . ▁III : ▁Protest ant ism ▁and ▁Polit ics ▁in ▁Eastern ▁Europe ▁and ▁Russia : ▁The ▁Commun ist ▁and ▁Post comm un ist ▁Er as , ▁Duke ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁▁ ▁Sab r ina ▁P . ▁Ram et , ▁" Ch urch ▁and ▁State ▁in ▁Roman ia ", ▁in ▁Henry ▁F . ▁Care y ▁( ed .), ▁Roman ia ▁since ▁ 1 9 8 9 : ▁Polit
ics , ▁Econom ics , ▁and ▁Society , ▁Lex ington ▁Books , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Je hov ah ' s ▁Wit ness es ▁Category : Rel ig ion ▁in ▁Roman ia ▁Category : Rel ig ious ▁organizations ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁ ▁ro : Organ iza ția ▁Relig io as ă ▁Mart or ii ▁lui ▁I eh ova # Mart or ii ▁lui ▁I eh ova ▁în ▁Româ nia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁girls ' ▁+ 6 3 kg ▁weight l ifting ▁event ▁was ▁the ▁fifth ▁and ▁last ▁women ' s ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁weight l ifting ▁competition ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Summer ▁Youth ▁Olympics , ▁with ▁compet itors ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁ 6 3 kg , ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁maximum ▁limit ▁. ▁The ▁whole ▁competition ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 8 ▁at ▁ 1 4 : 3 0 . ▁ ▁Each ▁lif ter ▁performed ▁in ▁both ▁the ▁sn atch ▁and ▁clean ▁and ▁j erk ▁lif ts , ▁with ▁the ▁final ▁score ▁being ▁the ▁sum ▁of ▁the ▁lif ter ' s ▁best ▁result ▁in ▁each . ▁The ▁ath lete ▁received ▁three ▁attempts ▁in ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁lif ts ; ▁the ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁lift ▁was ▁the ▁heav iest ▁weight ▁successfully ▁lifted . ▁ ▁Medal ists ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Category : Weight l ifting ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Summer ▁Youth ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁Kent ▁Hal vor ▁Carl sson ▁( born
▁August ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁in ▁Goth enburg , ▁Sweden ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁Swedish ▁Olympic ▁sail or ▁in ▁the ▁Finn ▁and ▁Star ▁classes . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁best ▁finishing ▁ 4 th ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁edition ▁together ▁with ▁Hen rik ▁E y ermann ▁in ▁Star . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁sail ors ▁of ▁Sweden ▁Category : S wed ish ▁male ▁sail ors ▁( s port ) ▁Category : Star ▁class ▁sail ors ▁Category : F inn ▁class ▁sail ors ▁Category : S ail ors ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁– ▁Finn ▁Category : S ail ors ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁– ▁Finn ▁Category : S ail ors ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁– ▁Star ▁Category : 1 9 5 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Cart w right ▁( 1 6 3 4 ▁– ▁ 1 5 ▁April ▁ 1 6 7 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁politician ▁who ▁sat ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 9 . ▁ ▁Cart w right ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁John ▁Cart w right ▁of ▁Blo x ham , ▁Oxford shire ▁and ▁was ▁bapt ised ▁at ▁A yn ho ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁March
▁ 1 6 3 4 . ▁He ▁mat ric ulated ▁at ▁Bras en ose ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁on ▁ 5 ▁April ▁ 1 6 5 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 5 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁East ▁Ret ford . ▁▁ ▁Cart w right ▁died ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 4 1 . ▁ ▁Family ▁Cart w right ▁married ▁Urs ula ▁Fair f ax , ▁daughter ▁of ▁Ferd in ando ▁Fair f ax , ▁ 2 nd ▁Lord ▁Fair f ax ▁of ▁Camer on , ▁and ▁Thomas ▁Cart w right ▁was ▁their ▁son . ▁Their ▁daughter ▁Rh oda ▁married ▁Lord ▁Henry ▁Cav end ish . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 6 3 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 6 7 6 ▁death s ▁Category : English ▁MP s ▁ 1 6 5 9 ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Bras en ose ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Not ting ham shire ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Pe ople ▁of ▁the ▁Stuart ▁period ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁A yn ho <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Bo od les ▁Challenge ▁was ▁an ▁exhibition ▁tournament ▁held ▁before ▁W im ble don ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁warm - up ▁to ▁players . ▁T aking ▁place ▁from ▁ 2 6 ▁June ▁to ▁ 3 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁at ▁Sto ke ▁Park ▁in ▁London , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Bo od les
▁Challenge . ▁As ▁with ▁last ▁year , ▁no ▁player ▁was ▁declared ▁champion . ▁ ▁Part icip ants ▁▁▁ ▁Rad u ▁Al bot ▁▁ ▁Kevin ▁Anderson ▁▁ ▁Victoria ▁Az aren ka ▁▁ ▁Li am ▁Bro ady ▁▁ ▁Pablo ▁Car re ño ▁B usta ▁▁ ▁Juan ▁Martín ▁del ▁Pot ro ▁▁ ▁Fab io ▁F ogn ini ▁▁ ▁Taylor ▁Fritz ▁▁ ▁Male k ▁J az iri ▁▁ ▁Th an asi ▁K ok kin ak is ▁▁ ▁Sebastian ▁K ord a ▁▁ ▁Nick ▁K yr g ios ▁▁ ▁Ben o ît ▁Pa ire ▁▁ ▁Andrea ▁Pet kov ic ▁▁ ▁V ase k ▁Pos pis il ▁▁ ▁Mon ica ▁Pu ig ▁▁ ▁Sam ▁Qu er rey ▁▁ ▁Albert ▁Ram os ▁Vi ñ olas ▁▁ ▁Andreas ▁Se ppi ▁▁ ▁Ser gi y ▁St akh ov sky ▁▁ ▁Bernard ▁Tom ic ▁▁ ▁Stefan os ▁Ts its ip as ▁▁ ▁James ▁Ward ▁▁ ▁Marcus ▁Will is ▁▁ ▁Alexander ▁Z ver ev ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Day ▁ 1 ▁( 2 6 ▁June ) ▁ ▁Day ▁ 2 ▁( 2 7 ▁June ) ▁ ▁Day ▁ 3 ▁( 2 8 ▁June ) ▁ ▁Day ▁ 4 ▁( 2 9 ▁June ) ▁ ▁Day ▁ 5 ▁( 3 0 ▁June ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : B ood les ▁Challenge ▁Bo od les ▁Challenge ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁sports ▁events ▁in ▁London ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁in ▁English ▁sport ▁Bo od les ▁Challenge <0x0A> </s> ▁System ' s ▁Tw il ight : ▁An ▁Abstract ▁Fair y ▁T ale ▁is ▁a
▁graph ical ▁interactive ▁fiction ▁computer ▁game ▁created ▁by ▁Andrew ▁Plot kin ▁and ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁Sum mary ▁ ▁The ▁game ▁is ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁puzz le ▁and ▁story , ▁combining ▁several ▁different ▁kinds ▁of ▁logic ▁puzz les ▁and ▁word ▁puzz les . ▁The ▁puzz les ▁include ▁variations ▁of ▁Set , ▁Black ▁Box , ▁and ▁S ok ob an , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁many ▁others . ▁The ▁over arch ing ▁story ▁is ▁an ▁alleg ory ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁player ▁and ▁other ▁characters ▁are ▁programs ▁in ▁a ▁broken , ▁d ys function al ▁computer ▁environment . ▁ ▁Origin ally , ▁Plot kin ▁released ▁System ' s ▁Tw il ight ▁as ▁share ware . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁re - re leased ▁as ▁binary - only ▁fre ew are . ▁It ▁runs ▁only ▁on ▁the ▁Mac ▁OS ▁Classic ▁environment , ▁but ▁can ▁be ▁run ▁in ▁em ulation ▁on ▁other ▁platforms . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁System ' s ▁Tw il ight ▁ ▁System ' s ▁Tw il ight ▁H int ▁Guide ▁by ▁Wei - H wa ▁Hu ang ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁interactive ▁fiction ▁Category : Mac ▁OS - only ▁games ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Mac ▁OS ▁games <0x0A> </s> ▁Ed mond ▁Alexander ▁Mac N ag ht en ▁( 2 ▁August ▁ 1 7 6 2 ▁– ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1
8 3 2 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Irish ▁T ory ▁politician ▁from ▁County ▁An trim . ▁He ▁sat ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁from ▁ 1 7 9 7 ▁until ▁the ▁Act ▁of ▁Union ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 0 , ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁from ▁ 1 8 0 1 ▁to ▁ 1 8 3 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁oldest ▁son ▁of ▁Edmund ▁Mac N ag ht en ▁of ▁Be ard iv ille ▁House ▁( between ▁Col era ine ▁and ▁Bush m ills , ▁County ▁An trim ). ▁His ▁mother ▁Hann ah ▁was ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁John ▁John stone ▁of ▁B elf ast . ▁Mac N ag ht en ▁ ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Glasgow ▁University ▁and ▁at ▁Lin col ns ▁Inn . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Irish ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁he ▁sat ▁for ▁County ▁An trim ▁from ▁ 1 7 9 7 ▁until ▁the ▁Union , ▁then ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁( MP ) ▁for ▁An trim ▁at ▁West min ster ▁until ▁ 1 8 1 2 . ▁From ▁ 1 8 1 2 ▁to ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁MP ▁for ▁Or ford ▁in ▁Su ff olk , ▁before ▁sitting ▁again ▁for ▁An trim ▁until ▁ 1 8 3 0 . ▁ ▁Mac N ag ht en ▁was ▁High ▁Sher iff ▁of ▁County ▁An trim ▁from ▁ 1 7 9 3 – 4 , ▁became ▁a ▁trust ee ▁of ▁the ▁Irish ▁Lin en ▁Board ▁in ▁ 1 8
1 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁Commission er ▁of ▁the ▁Tre as ury ▁for ▁Ireland ▁from ▁ 1 8 1 3 – 1 7 , ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁from ▁March ▁ 1 8 1 9 ▁to ▁July ▁ 1 8 3 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁▁ 1 8 1 8 ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁chief ▁of ▁Cl an ▁Mac N ag ht en . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 6 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 3 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁County ▁An trim ▁Category : I r ish ▁MP s ▁ 1 7 9 8 – 1 8 0 0 ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Ireland ▁( pre - 1 8 0 1 ) ▁for ▁County ▁An trim ▁constitu encies ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁for ▁County ▁An trim ▁constitu encies ▁( 1 8 0 1 – 1 9 2 2 ) ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁for ▁English ▁constitu encies ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 0 1 – 1 8 0 2 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 0 2 – 1 8 0 6 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 0 6 – 1 8 0 7 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 0 7 – 1 8 1 2 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 1 2 – 1 8 1 8
▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 1 8 – 1 8 2 0 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 2 0 – 1 8 2 6 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 2 6 – 1 8 3 0 ▁Category : High ▁Sher iffs ▁of ▁An trim ▁Category : T ory ▁MP s ▁( pre - 1 8 3 4 ) ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Glasgow ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁Lincoln ' s ▁Inn ▁Category : Comm ission ers ▁of ▁the ▁Tre as ury ▁for ▁Ireland <0x0A> </s> ▁Gar bold ish am ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁civil ▁parish , ▁part ▁of ▁Gu ilt cross ▁( h undred ) ▁in ▁the ▁Bre ck land ▁district , ▁in ▁Nor folk , ▁England , ▁near ▁the ▁boundary ▁with ▁Su ff olk . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁census ▁the ▁parish ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 7 2 1 ▁which ▁increased ▁to ▁ 9 6 9 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Census . ▁ ▁Origin ▁of ▁name ▁ ▁A ▁D ▁M ills ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁says ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁' hom est ead ▁or ▁village ▁of ▁a ▁man ▁called ▁G <0xC7> <0xA3> rb ald '. ▁It ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁Dom es day ▁Book ▁( 1 0 8 6 ) ▁as ▁Ger bold es ham . ▁The ▁traditional ▁view ▁of ▁Ga er bold ▁is ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁an ▁Old ▁English ▁name , ▁i . e . ▁hom est ead
▁of ▁Gar bold . ▁O thers ▁argue ▁it ▁has ▁a ▁Vik ing ▁origin ▁with ▁Gar bold ▁being ▁a ▁famous ▁Vik ing . ▁As ▁described ▁above , ▁the ▁boundary ▁between ▁Ang li an , ▁Vik ing ▁and ▁possibly ▁even ▁I cen i ▁is ▁bl ur red ▁in ▁the ▁light ▁of ▁recent ▁gen etic ▁and ▁lingu istic ▁research . ▁ ▁To ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁are ▁the ▁ham lets ▁of ▁Small worth ▁and ▁Bro om sc ot ▁Common , ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁latter ▁according ▁to ▁some ▁recall ing ▁the ▁village ' s ▁ancient ▁pag an ▁past , ▁but ▁more ▁likely , ▁so ▁Car ole ▁H ough ▁thinks , ▁an ▁affili ation ▁to ▁a ▁Sc and in av ian ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁Brun . ▁This ▁name ▁might ▁reflect ▁the ▁Vik ing ▁invas ions ▁or ▁Sc and in av ian ▁connections ▁of ▁the ▁W uff ing as , ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁kingdom ▁of ▁East ▁Ang lia . ▁It ▁might ▁even ▁go ▁further ▁back ▁in ▁time ▁if ▁you ▁believe ▁theories ▁that ▁the ▁pre - R oman ▁I cen i ▁inhab iting ▁this ▁area ▁were ▁Old ▁English ▁speak ers ▁rather ▁than ▁C ym ric / Wel sh . ▁ ▁Notable ▁buildings ▁▁ ▁The ▁village ▁contains ▁a ▁Post ▁Office ▁with ▁independent ▁shop , ▁s elling ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁gro cer ies ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁East ▁Ang li an ▁regional ▁" g our met " ▁produce . ▁On ▁Church ▁Road ▁is ▁Gar bold ish am ▁Church ▁of ▁England ▁School , ▁a ▁primary ▁school ▁with ▁about ▁ 9 0
▁pup ils . ▁The ▁school ▁is ▁next ▁to ▁Gar bold ish am ' s ▁St ▁John ▁the ▁Bapt ist ▁Church ▁and ▁opposite ▁the ▁village ▁hall . ▁ ▁About ▁ 2 0 0 ▁yards ▁north ▁is ▁the ▁ru ined ▁Gar bold ish am ▁All ▁Sain ts ▁Church , ▁where ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁western ▁face ▁col lapsed ▁into ▁the ▁nave ▁in ▁ 1 7 3 4 . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁small ▁Method ist ▁chap el , ▁situated ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁A 1 0 6 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁Fox ▁public ▁house , ▁on ▁the ▁cross ro ads ▁of ▁the ▁A 1 0 6 6 ▁and ▁H opt on / Har ling ▁Road , ▁closed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁but ▁was ▁purchased ▁by ▁a ▁village ▁cons ort ium ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁re open ed ▁in ▁December ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁Gar bold ish am ▁Man or ▁was ▁a ▁substantial ▁house ▁designed ▁by ▁George ▁Gilbert ▁Scott ▁junior ▁in ▁the ▁Jacob e an ▁style . ▁The ▁hall ▁was ▁demol ished ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁ ▁Village ▁life ▁ ▁Gar bold ish am ▁has ▁active ▁cr icket ▁teams . ▁ ▁The ▁" G ar bold ish am ▁Road " ▁was ▁mentioned ▁in ▁the ▁A ▁Bit ▁of ▁F ry ▁and ▁Laur ie ▁sketch es ▁" Information " ▁and ▁" St raw ber ries ▁and ▁C ream ". ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 0 - foot ▁high ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁round ▁bar row ▁on ▁Gar bold
ish am ▁He ath , ▁known ▁locally ▁as ▁' S old ier ' s ▁Hill ' ▁and ▁' Bo ad ice a ' s ▁Gra ve ', ▁although ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁evidence ▁that ▁Queen ▁B oud ic ca ▁is ▁buried ▁here . ▁Local ▁anti qu arian ▁Bas il ▁Brown ▁carried ▁out ▁an ▁exc av ation ▁at ▁the ▁m ound ▁around ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁and ▁un cover ed ▁a ▁bur ial ▁ur n , ▁some ▁cre m ated ▁human ▁b one , ▁two ▁fl int ▁fla kes ▁and ▁a ▁fl int ▁scra per . ▁The ▁bur ial ▁probably ▁dates ▁from ▁around ▁ 1 3 0 0 ▁BC . ▁ ▁John ▁W inst on ▁Sp encer - Ch urch ill , ▁ 7 th ▁Duke ▁of ▁Mar l borough ▁and ▁grand father ▁of ▁Sir ▁W inst on ▁Church ill , ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Gar bold ish am ▁Hall ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 2 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Nor folk ▁Category : B reck land ▁District ▁Category : C ivil ▁par ishes ▁in ▁Nor folk <0x0A> </s> ▁W ól ka ▁Wo js ław ska ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Z du ńska ▁W ola , ▁within ▁Z du ńska ▁W ola ▁County , ▁Ł ód ź ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁central ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁north ▁of ▁Z du ńska ▁W ola ▁and ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Ł ód ź . ▁

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