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" ▁She ▁signed ▁with ▁Columbia ▁Records ▁and ▁recorded ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁hit ▁records . ▁ ▁Her ▁biggest ▁hit ▁was ▁" Fe ud in ' ▁and ▁Fight in '" ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁In ▁that ▁same ▁year , ▁her ▁album , ▁" D or othy ▁Sh ay ▁( The ▁Park ▁Avenue ▁Hill b ill ie ) ▁S ings ", ▁was ▁r ated ▁number ▁ 1 ▁in ▁Billboard ▁magazine ' s ▁Best - S elling ▁Popular ▁Albums . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁artist ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁number ▁ 1 ▁album ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁chart . ▁ ▁In ▁her ▁singing ▁engag ements , ▁she ▁performed ▁dressed ▁as ▁a ▁s oph istic ated ▁urban ite ▁while ▁talking ▁like ▁a ▁rural ▁Sou ther ner . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁popular ▁in ▁clubs , ▁radio ▁and ▁television . ▁She ▁played ▁a ▁night club ▁singer , ▁also ▁named ▁Dor othy , ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁Abb ott ▁and ▁Cost ello ▁movie ▁Com in ' ▁Round ▁The ▁Mountain . ▁Sh ay ▁was ▁the ▁musical ▁guest ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁( tele vision ) ▁season ▁premi ere ▁of ▁The ▁Jack ▁Ben ny ▁Program ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 1 . ▁ ▁She ▁performed ▁at ▁D w ight ▁D . ▁Eisen h ower ' s ▁In aug ural ▁Ball ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁She ▁recorded ▁for ▁Capit ol ▁Records ▁and ▁Imperial ▁Records ▁where ▁she ▁recorded ▁a ▁rock abil ly ▁song ▁titled ▁" H unk y ▁D ory ". ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 |
0 ▁she ▁appeared ▁as ▁W id ow ▁Kre bs ▁in ▁the ▁TV ▁Western ▁The ▁Virgin ian ▁in ▁the ▁episode ▁titled ▁" You ▁Can ▁Le ad ▁a ▁Hor se ▁to ▁Water ." ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁She ▁was ▁married ▁briefly ▁to ▁Dick ▁Lo oman ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 8 - 1 9 5 9 . ▁After ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁in activity ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁she ▁returned ▁to ▁show ▁business ▁as ▁a ▁character ▁actress ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁She ▁had ▁a ▁rec urr ing ▁role ▁as ▁Th el ma , ▁first ▁owner ▁of ▁the ▁D ew ▁Drop ▁Inn , ▁in ▁the ▁TV ▁series ▁The ▁W alt ons . ▁ ▁Death ▁Sh ay ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁heart ▁attack ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁in ▁Santa ▁Mon ica , ▁California . ▁Upon ▁her ▁death , ▁the ▁writers ▁of ▁The ▁W alt ons ▁wrote ▁her ▁character ▁off , ▁with ▁the ▁mention ▁that ▁she ▁sold ▁the ▁D ew ▁Drop ▁Inn ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁California . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁Dor othy ▁Sh ay ▁F an ▁P ages ; ▁no ▁longer ▁functional ▁Nov ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁▁ ▁Big ▁B ands ▁and ▁Big ▁Names : ▁Dor othy ▁Sh ay , ▁Big b ands and b ign ames . com ; ▁accessed ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 1 ▁birth s |
▁Category : 1 9 7 8 ▁death s ▁Category : Im per ial ▁Records ▁artists ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁West wood ▁Village ▁Memorial ▁Park ▁C emetery ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Jackson ville , ▁Florida ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from ▁Jackson ville , ▁Florida ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁actress es ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁women ▁sing ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁American ▁Short ▁Story ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁television ▁anth ology ▁series ▁produced ▁by ▁Learning ▁in ▁F ocus ▁and ▁Sea ▁Cl iff ▁Produ ctions ▁for ▁the ▁Public ▁Broadcast ing ▁Service ▁( P BS ). ▁It ▁consisted ▁of ▁adapt ations ▁of ▁short ▁stories ▁by ▁both ▁classic ▁and ▁contemporary ▁American ▁writers . ▁ ▁Robert ▁G eller ▁was ▁the ▁Executive ▁Produ cer . ▁Direct ors ▁included ▁Lam ont ▁Johnson , ▁John ▁K ort y , ▁Joan ▁M ick lin ▁Silver , ▁J án ▁K ad ár , ▁and ▁R anda ▁H aines . ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁hosted ▁by ▁Henry ▁F onda ▁and ▁Col le en ▁D ew h urst . ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 7 ▁episodes ▁a ired ▁on ▁P BS ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Epis odes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁The ▁American ▁Short ▁Story ▁Volume ▁One , ▁edited ▁by ▁Cal vin ▁Sk ag gs , ▁published ▁by ▁D ell ▁Publishing ▁( 1 9 7 7 ) ▁ ▁The ▁American ▁Short ▁Story ▁Volume ▁Two , ▁edited |
▁by ▁Cal vin ▁Sk ag gs , ▁published ▁by ▁D ell ▁Publishing ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 s ▁American ▁anth ology ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 s ▁American ▁anth ology ▁television ▁series ▁Category : American ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : P BS ▁original ▁programming <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁c ove ▁is ▁a ▁tight ly ▁concentr ated ▁group ▁of ▁large ▁standing ▁stones ▁found ▁in ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁and ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁England . ▁Cov es ▁are ▁square ▁or ▁rect angular ▁in ▁plan ▁and ▁seem ▁to ▁have ▁served ▁as ▁small ▁en clos ures ▁within ▁other ▁hen ge , ▁stone ▁circle ▁or ▁a venue ▁features . ▁They ▁consist ▁of ▁three ▁or ▁four ▁orth ost ats ▁placed ▁together ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁impression ▁of ▁a ▁box . ▁An ▁opening ▁between ▁the ▁stones , ▁orient ed ▁south ▁east ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁feature . ▁ ▁They ▁may ▁have ▁developed ▁from ▁the ▁elaborate ▁fac ades ▁that ▁front ed ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁long ▁bar rows ▁although ▁their ▁original ▁function ▁is ▁unknown . ▁ ▁Ex amples ▁include : ▁ ▁The ▁Long st ones ▁in ▁W ilt shire ; ▁The ▁c ove ▁at ▁A ve bury ▁Hen ge ▁in ▁W ilt shire ; ▁The ▁c ove ▁at ▁St anton ▁D rew ▁in ▁Som erset ▁and ▁The ▁c ove ▁at ▁Mount ▁Ple asant ▁hen |
ge ▁in ▁Dor set ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Dol men ▁Hen ge ▁Meg al ith ic ▁architect ural ▁elements ▁Men h ir ▁Stand ing ▁stones ▁Stone ▁circle ▁Stone ▁ship ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Cov es , ▁struct ural ▁en ig mas ▁of ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁ ▁Category : Mon ument ▁types <0x0A> </s> ▁François ▁( Fran cis ) ▁Nep ve u ▁ ▁( 2 9 ▁April ▁ 1 6 3 9 — 1 7 ▁February ▁ 1 7 0 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁writer ▁on ▁asc et ical ▁subjects . ▁He ▁entered ▁the ▁nov iti ate ▁of ▁the ▁Society ▁of ▁Jesus ▁ 1 2 ▁October ▁ 1 6 5 4 , ▁when ▁but ▁fifteen ▁years ▁old . ▁Success ively ▁professor ▁of ▁Gram mar , ▁of ▁Human ities ▁and ▁Rh et or ic ▁for ▁six ▁years , ▁and ▁of ▁Philosoph y ▁for ▁eight ▁years , ▁he ▁was ▁afterwards ▁employed ▁in ▁the ▁government . ▁In ▁ 1 6 8 9 ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁superior ▁at ▁N antes ; ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 4 ▁re ctor ▁at ▁V annes ; ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 4 ▁and ▁ 1 7 0 0 ▁re ctor ▁at ▁Or lé ans ; ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 7 ▁at ▁Rou en ; ▁in ▁ 1 7 0 4 ▁R ennes ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁director ▁of ▁retre ats ▁until ▁his ▁death , ▁ 1 7 ▁February ▁ 1 7 0 8 . ▁ ▁Father ▁Nep vue , ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁man ▁of ▁great ▁ze al ▁and |
▁intelligence , ▁wrote ▁vol umin ously ▁on ▁asc et ical ▁subjects , ▁and ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁works ▁have ▁gone ▁through ▁many ▁ed itions , ▁having ▁been ▁translated ▁into ▁various ▁languages . ▁Among ▁his ▁more ▁important ▁works ▁are ▁number ed ▁the ▁following : ▁" De ▁l ' amour ▁de ▁Notre ▁Se igneur ▁J és us - Christ , ▁et ▁des ▁Mo y ens ▁de ▁l ' ac qu éri r " ▁( N antes , ▁ 1 6 8 4 ), ▁has ▁gone ▁through ▁no ▁less ▁than ▁four teen ▁ed itions ▁in ▁France , ▁se lections ▁from ▁it ▁were ▁printed ▁in ▁the ▁" P et ite ▁Bibliothèque ▁Chr ét ienne ", ▁issued ▁by ▁A . ▁V rom ont , ▁Br uss els , ▁ 1 8 9 3 , ▁and ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁translated ▁into ▁German , ▁Italian ▁( six ▁ed itions ), ▁Spanish , ▁F lem ish , ▁Polish , ▁and ▁English , ▁ed . ▁by ▁the ▁Rev . ▁Henry ▁J . ▁Col er idge , ▁S . J ., ▁and ▁issued ▁by ▁Burn s ▁and ▁O ates , ▁ 1 8 6 9 ; ▁" Ret ra ite ▁selon ▁l ' es prit ▁et ▁la ▁mé th o ▁de ▁de ▁Saint ▁Ign ace " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 6 7 7 ; ▁ 5 1 4 ▁pp .), ▁also ▁numbers ▁four teen ▁ed itions ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁and ▁transl ations ▁have ▁been ▁made ▁into ▁German , ▁Spanish ▁F lem ish , ▁Italian , ▁and ▁six ▁ed itions ▁in ▁Latin ; |
▁" M é th ode ▁fa cile ▁d ' or aison , ▁ré du ite ▁pr atique " ▁( N antes ) ▁went ▁through ▁more ▁than ▁twelve ▁ed itions ▁in ▁French ▁and ▁was ▁several ▁times ▁issued ▁in ▁Spanish ; ▁" P ens ées ▁et ▁Ré f lections ▁Chr ét iennes ▁pour ▁tous ▁le ▁jours ▁de ▁l ' année ▁( 4 ▁vol s ., ▁Paris , ▁ 1 6 9 5 , ▁had ▁eigh teen ▁French ▁ed itions , ▁the ▁latest ▁by ▁Guy ot , ▁Paris , ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁ 6 4 0 ▁pp ., ▁and ▁went ▁through ▁some ▁eleven ▁ed itions ▁in ▁foreign ▁languages ; ▁" L ' es prit ▁du ▁Christian isme ▁ou ▁la ▁Con form ité ▁du ▁Chr ét ien ▁avec ▁J és us - Christ " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 7 0 0 , ▁ 3 8 0 ▁pp .), ▁went ▁through ▁twenty - four ▁ed itions , ▁and ▁three ▁ed itions ▁of ▁extract s ▁there from ▁appeared ▁in ▁Belg ium , ▁also ▁translated ▁into ▁foreign ▁languages , ▁ten ▁ed itions ▁coming ▁out ▁in ▁Italian . ▁ ▁References ▁Catholic ▁Encyclopedia : ▁Francis ▁Nep ve u ▁Att ribution ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Med itations ▁for ▁every ▁day ▁in ▁the ▁month ▁( c 1 9 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁French ▁Jes uits ▁Category : F rench ▁religious ▁writers ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁writers ▁Category : 1 7 0 8 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 6 3 9 ▁birth s |
▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁French ▁Jes uits ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁non - f iction ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Alan ▁John ▁Sim pson ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁former ▁Labour ▁Party ▁politician ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁( MP ) ▁for ▁Not ting ham ▁South ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Sim pson ▁attended ▁Boot le ▁Gram mar ▁School ▁for ▁Boys ▁and ▁studied ▁econom ics ▁at ▁Tr ent ▁Poly techn ic , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Student ▁Union ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 9 – 7 0 . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁community ▁worker , ▁holding ▁the ▁post ▁of ▁Ass istant ▁General ▁Secretary ▁at ▁the ▁Not ting ham ▁Council ▁of ▁Vol unt ary ▁Service ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 0 – 7 4 , ▁and ▁working ▁on ▁an ▁anti - v andal ism ▁project ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 4 – 7 8 . ▁He ▁later ▁became ▁a ▁research ▁officer ▁for ▁the ▁city ' s ▁Ra cial ▁Equ ality ▁Council ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 9 – 9 2 . ▁ ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁and ▁was ▁elected ▁a ▁county ▁coun c ill or ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁He ▁first ▁cont ested ▁his ▁event ual ▁seat ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁Parliament ary ▁career ▁ |
▁Sim pson ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁left - wing ▁of ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁( and ▁latter ly ▁tre as urer ) ▁of ▁the ▁Social ist ▁Camp aign ▁Group ▁of ▁MP s , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁being ▁on ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁the ▁left - wing ▁Trib une ▁magazine . ▁Sim pson ' s ▁opinions ▁ran ▁counter ▁to ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁Labour ▁front ben ch : ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 9 0 s , ▁he ▁led ▁the ▁campaign ▁to ▁retain ▁the ▁original ▁word ing ▁of ▁Cla use ▁IV , ▁and ▁later ▁established ▁the ▁" Lab our ▁Again st ▁the ▁War " ▁group , ▁which ▁oppos es ▁the ▁Afghan ▁war ▁and ▁occupation ▁of ▁Ira q . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Sim pson ▁was ▁among ▁the ▁ 1 2 ▁Labour ▁MP s ▁to ▁back ▁Pla id ▁C ym ru ▁and ▁the ▁Scottish ▁National ▁Party ' s ▁call ▁for ▁an ▁inqu iry ▁into ▁the ▁Ira q ▁War . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Sim pson ▁announced ▁his ▁intention ▁to ▁stand ▁down ▁at ▁the ▁next ▁general ▁election . ▁In ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁his ▁constitu ency ▁party ▁members , ▁he ▁felt ▁his ▁effect iveness ▁would ▁be ▁greater ▁outside ▁parliament ▁campaign ing ▁for ▁radical ▁environmental ▁policy ▁changes , ▁rather ▁than ▁remaining ▁on ▁the ▁back ▁ben ches . ▁Another ▁factor ▁behind ▁his ▁decision ▁was ▁the ▁birth ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁of ▁a ▁baby ▁daughter ▁with ▁his ▁third ▁wife . |
▁ ▁Exp enses ▁controvers y ▁Sim pson ▁was ▁asked ▁to ▁pay ▁back ▁£ 5 0 0 ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁accused ▁of ▁over - c laim ing ▁in ▁clean ing ▁b ills ▁by ▁the ▁aud itor ▁of ▁MP s ' ▁exp enses , ▁Thomas ▁Leg g . ▁Leg g ▁has ▁been ▁open ly ▁challeng ed ▁by ▁Sim pson ▁who ▁ref uses ▁to ▁return ▁the ▁money . ▁Sim pson ▁threatened ▁to ▁take ▁Leg g ▁to ▁court ▁over ▁this ▁matter . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Sim pson ▁married ▁P asc ale ▁Qu iv iger , ▁a ▁French - Can ad ian ▁author ▁and ▁painter , ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁at ▁New st ead ▁Ab bey , ▁the ▁ancest ral ▁home ▁of ▁Lord ▁By ron . ▁They ▁have ▁a ▁daughter ▁born ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁He ▁has ▁two ▁sons ▁and ▁a ▁daughter ▁from ▁a ▁previous ▁marriage . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Guardian ▁Polit ics ▁– ▁Alan ▁Sim pson ▁see ▁red ▁over ▁Big ▁Power ▁anti - green ▁ag enda ▁ ▁They Work For You . com ▁– ▁Alan ▁Sim pson ▁MP ▁ ▁The ▁Public ▁Wh ip ▁– ▁Alan ▁Sim pson ▁MP ▁voting ▁record ▁ ▁BBC ▁News ▁– ▁Alan ▁Sim pson ▁profile ▁ 1 0 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Daily ▁Mail ▁article ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁about ▁his ▁green ▁home ▁ ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Alan ▁Sim pson ▁about ▁how ▁we ▁should ▁make ▁cities ▁that ▁do ▁not ▁ste al ▁from ▁their ▁children ▁ ▁Video ▁cli ps ▁▁▁▁ |
▁Category : 1 9 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Lab our ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁MP s ▁for ▁English ▁constitu encies ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Boot le ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Not ting ham ▁Tr ent ▁University ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 9 2 – 1 9 9 7 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 9 7 – 2 0 0 1 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 2 0 0 5 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 2 0 0 5 – 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : D em ocr atic ▁social ists ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁Liverpool <0x0A> </s> ▁Re ese ville ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁D odge ▁County , ▁Wisconsin , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 7 0 8 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census . ▁ ▁History ▁Re ese ville ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁an ▁early ▁sett ler , ▁Samuel ▁Re ese , ▁by ▁his ▁son ▁Adam ▁Re ese ▁who ▁survey ed ▁and ▁pl atted ▁the ▁area . ▁Samuel ▁Re ese ▁settled ▁here ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 . ▁ ▁Geography ▁Re ese ville ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ ▁( 4 3 . 3 0 5 4 5 2 , ▁- 8 8 . 8 4 3 8 4 7 ). ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Census ▁Bureau , ▁the ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁all ▁of ▁it ▁land . ▁ |
▁Dem ograph ics ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 7 0 8 ▁people , ▁ 2 8 8 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 1 8 1 ▁families ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁village . ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁. ▁There ▁were ▁ 3 2 2 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁ 9 5 . 3 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 7 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 1 . 0 % ▁Asian , ▁ 1 . 4 % ▁from ▁other ▁races , ▁and ▁ 1 . 6 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 2 . 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 2 8 8 ▁households ▁of ▁which ▁ 3 2 . 6 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 4 9 . 7 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 6 . 9 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁ 6 . 3 % ▁had ▁a ▁male ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁wife ▁present , ▁and ▁ 3 7 . 2 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 2 9 . 5 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 1 0 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or |
▁older . ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 4 5 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 3 . 0 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁ 3 7 . 2 ▁years . ▁ 2 6 % ▁of ▁residents ▁were ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ; ▁ 7 . 7 % ▁were ▁between ▁the ▁ages ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 2 4 ; ▁ 2 5 . 6 % ▁were ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 ; ▁ 2 9 . 6 % ▁were ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 ; ▁and ▁ 1 1 . 2 % ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁The ▁gender ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁ 5 1 . 0 % ▁male ▁and ▁ 4 9 . 0 % ▁female . ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁census ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 7 0 3 ▁people , ▁ 2 8 7 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 1 8 5 ▁families ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁village . ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 1 , 1 5 8 . 8 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 4 4 5 . 0 / km ²). ▁There ▁were ▁ 3 1 5 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 5 1 9 . 2 ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 1 9 9 . 4 / km ²). ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁ |
9 8 . 8 6 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 1 4 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 0 . 4 3 % ▁Native ▁American , ▁and ▁ 0 . 5 7 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 1 . 1 4 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 2 8 7 ▁households ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 3 4 . 1 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 5 1 . 9 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 8 . 0 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and ▁ 3 5 . 5 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 3 0 . 0 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 1 3 . 6 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 4 5 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 3 . 0 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁village , ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 2 7 . 0 % ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 8 . 5 % ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 3 3 . 1 % ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 1 9 . 5 % ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to |
▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 1 1 . 8 % ▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 3 4 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 7 . 4 ▁males . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 9 8 . 8 ▁males . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁household ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁$ 3 7 , 1 2 0 , ▁and ▁the ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁family ▁was ▁$ 4 4 , 3 7 5 . ▁M ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 3 1 , 9 3 2 ▁versus ▁$ 2 2 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁$ 1 6 , 0 3 6 . ▁About ▁ 7 . 3 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 9 . 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁pover ty ▁line , ▁including ▁ 1 6 . 0 % ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 1 2 . 2 % ▁of ▁those ▁age ▁ 6 5 ▁or ▁over . ▁ ▁Indust ry ▁J & R ▁Pl astic raft ▁Corporation ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁Re ese ville ▁in ▁the ▁mid - ▁to ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 0 s . ▁J & R ▁Pl astic raft ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁today ▁for ▁the ▁line ▁of ▁G lass - J et ▁fi berg |
lass ▁run about ▁boats ▁manufact ured ▁in ▁this ▁time ▁period . ▁The ▁G lass - J et ▁boats ▁featured ▁the ▁distinct ive ▁autom ot ive ▁sty ling ▁of ▁the ▁era , ▁including ▁tail ▁fins ▁and ▁two - t one ▁color ▁schemes . ▁Bo at ▁manufact uring ▁was ▁later ▁taken ▁up ▁by ▁a ▁subsequent ▁firm , ▁Qu ality ▁Pl ast ics , ▁Inc ., ▁also ▁of ▁Re ese ville , ▁and ▁a ▁product ▁line ▁of ▁boat ▁models ▁were ▁market ed ▁as ▁" Qual ity ▁G lass " ▁Bo ats . ▁This ▁firm ▁ceased ▁operations ▁after ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁popular ▁culture ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁film ▁Re ese ville ▁st arring ▁Maj andra ▁D elf ino , ▁Brad ▁H unt , ▁Ang ela ▁Fe ather stone , ▁Mark ▁Ham ill , ▁and ▁Cot ter ▁Smith ▁was ▁based ▁and ▁fil med ▁in ▁Re ese ville . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Village ▁of ▁Re ese ville , ▁Wisconsin ▁website ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁D odge ▁County , ▁Wisconsin <0x0A> </s> ▁Ham ish ▁Mac Master ▁is ▁a ▁New ▁Zealand ▁diplom at . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁serving ▁as ▁New ▁Zealand ' s ▁amb assador ▁to ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Mac Master ▁attended ▁St . ▁Andrew s ▁College ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁indicating ▁Years ▁ 1 ▁through ▁to ▁ 1 3 . ▁ ▁Career ▁ |
▁Pre ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Mac Master ▁first ▁joined ▁the ▁public ▁service ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁when ▁he ▁att ained ▁a ▁job ▁within ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁and ▁Trade . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁noted ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁been ▁posted ▁to ▁An k ara , ▁and ▁to ▁R iy ad h , ▁for ▁minor ▁roles , ▁before ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Mac Master ▁was ▁the ▁Deput y ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁and ▁Africa ▁Division . ▁ ▁Amb assador ▁roles ▁Mac Master ▁was ▁announced ▁New ▁Zealand ' s ▁amb assador ▁to ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁Republic ▁of ▁Iran ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁in ▁Te h ran , ▁Mac Master ▁was ▁also ▁acc red ited ▁to ▁Afghan istan ▁and ▁Pakistan . ▁After ▁being ▁re called ▁from ▁his ▁position ▁as ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁Iran ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Mc Master ▁res ett led ▁in ▁Well ington . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Mac Master ▁was ▁announced ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia . ▁During ▁his ▁ten ure ▁he ▁will ▁also ▁be ▁cross - cred ited ▁to ▁K uw ait , ▁Q atar , ▁Bah rain ▁and ▁O man . ▁ ▁On ▁ 9 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Mac Master ▁met ▁with ▁Prince ▁Al - W ale ed ▁Bin ▁Tal al ▁Bin ▁Abd ul az iz ▁Al ▁Sa ud ▁to ▁discuss ▁the ▁issues ▁between ▁New ▁Zealand |
▁and ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁invest ment ▁and ▁invest ment ▁econom ics . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Mac Master ▁met ▁with ▁M uf le h ▁Al - Q a ht ani , ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Society ▁for ▁Human ▁Rights ▁of ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia . ▁He ▁discussed ▁capital ▁pun ishment , ▁including ▁the ▁death ▁penalty , ▁and ▁other ▁human ▁rights - related ▁topics . ▁ ▁Works ▁Mac Master ▁has ▁been ▁acc red ited ▁to ▁author ing ▁multiple ▁catalog s / books , ▁including ; ▁The ▁Modern ▁Comm emor ative ▁Medal ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand : ▁Mir ror ▁to ▁the ▁Nation ’ s ▁Soul ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁New ▁Zealand ▁challenge ▁co ins ▁: ▁a ▁catalog ue ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Comm emor ative ▁Med als ▁: ▁ 1 9 4 1 – 2 0 1 4 ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Challenge ▁Co ins ▁: ▁a ▁Catalogue ▁( 2 nd ▁Ed ) ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁to ▁Iran ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁to ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁St ▁Andrew ' s ▁College , ▁Christ ch urch ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Web ster ▁University ▁Gene va ▁is ▁the ▁Swiss ▁campus ▁of ▁Web ster ▁University ▁based ▁in |
▁St . ▁Louis , ▁Missouri , ▁USA . ▁ ▁F ounded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁Web ster ▁University ▁Gene va ▁was ▁the ▁university ’ s ▁first ▁international ▁campus ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁its ▁largest ▁one ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁with ▁approximately ▁ 4 9 0 ▁students ▁from ▁ 9 0 ▁countries ▁( 2 7 5 ▁under grad uate , ▁ 8 5 ▁gradu ate ▁students , ▁and ▁ 1 3 0 ▁Study ▁Ab road ). ▁Web ster ▁University ▁oper ates ▁as ▁an ▁independent , ▁non - den omin ational ▁university ▁with ▁nearly ▁ 1 0 0 ▁campus ▁locations ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁See ▁List ▁of ▁Web ster ▁University ▁Camp uses . ▁ ▁History ▁Web ster ▁University ▁Gene va ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁the ▁University ▁was ▁hous ed ▁in ▁the ▁John ▁Kno x ▁Center ▁in ▁Grand - Sa conne x . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁the ▁University ▁moved ▁to ▁its ▁current ▁location , ▁which ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁included ▁a ▁large ▁house ▁( the ▁current ▁administration ▁building ) ▁and ▁ 2 4 ’ 0 0 0 ▁sq / m ▁of ▁land . ▁Web ster ▁University ▁Gene va ▁r ented ▁the ▁Belle vue ▁Camp us ▁property ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁before ▁obtain ing ▁the ▁purch asing ▁permit ▁from ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Government ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁After ▁re zon ing ▁the ▁land , ▁the ▁campus ▁began ▁the ▁construction ▁of |
▁two , ▁three - floor ▁buildings ▁meas uring ▁ 2 2 5 ▁square ▁meters ▁each . ▁ ▁The ▁buildings ▁now ▁hold ▁the ▁campus ’ s ▁main ▁class rooms , ▁library , ▁c af eter ia , ▁some ▁academic ▁offices ▁and ▁a ▁recording ▁studio , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁computer , ▁media ▁and ▁phot ography ▁l abs . ▁ ▁The ▁University ▁then ▁added ▁another ▁building ▁for ▁fresh man ▁campus ▁housing , ▁which ▁holds ▁additional ▁class rooms ▁and ▁student ▁services ▁offices , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁student ▁l oun ge ▁and ▁fit ness ▁room . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Web ster ▁University ▁also ▁r ents ▁a ▁residence ▁( Les ▁Ber ges ▁du ▁Rh ône ) ▁for ▁student ▁housing . ▁ ▁This ▁residence ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁Gene va ▁along ▁the ▁Rh ône ▁river . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁Camp us ▁Direct ors ▁ ▁Acc red itation ▁Status ▁Web ster ▁University ▁car ries ▁full ▁institution al ▁acc red itation ▁from ▁the ▁High er ▁Learning ▁Commission ▁( H LC ). ▁The ▁H LC ▁is ▁the ▁highest - level ▁acc red iting ▁ag ency ▁for ▁univers ities ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁- ▁central ▁region ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Web ster ▁University ▁has ▁maintained ▁this ▁acc red itation ▁since ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁and ▁this ▁institution al ▁acc red itation ▁applies ▁for ▁all ▁locations ▁where ▁the ▁University ▁offers ▁programs , ▁world wide . ▁Stud ents ▁at ▁Web ster ▁University ▁Gene va ▁therefore ▁ear n ▁the ▁same ▁degree ▁that ▁is ▁awarded ▁in ▁the ▁United |
▁States . ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁Program s ▁ ▁The ▁Gene va ▁Camp us ▁offers ▁under grad uate ▁and ▁gradu ate ▁programs ▁including ▁Bach el ors ▁and ▁Master ▁degrees ▁in ▁International ▁Rel ations , ▁Media ▁Communic ations , ▁Psych ology , ▁History , ▁Phot ography , ▁Business ▁Administration , ▁Fin ance , ▁Computer ▁Science , ▁Human ▁Resources ▁Management ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁certific ates ▁in ▁International ▁Human ▁Rights , ▁Mark eting , ▁Ref uge e ▁studies , ▁Website ▁development ▁and ▁design , ▁photo j ournal ism , ▁studio / com mer cial ▁phot ography ▁and ▁" L ead ership ▁& ▁G estion ▁dans ▁le ▁dom aine ▁de ▁la ▁Sant é ▁( in ▁French ). ▁ ▁Department al ▁Con ferences ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Web ster ▁Gene va ▁has ▁held ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁department al ▁con ferences ▁that ▁are ▁free ▁and ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁public . ▁ ▁These ▁con ferences ▁are ▁either ▁held ▁on ▁campus ▁or ▁in ▁larger ▁ven ues ▁in ▁Gene va . ▁ ▁The ▁International ▁Rel ations ▁Department ▁has ▁the ▁longest ▁history ▁with ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁seeing ▁the ▁ 2 3 rd ▁International ▁Human itar ian ▁and ▁Security ▁Conference ▁on ▁the ▁theme ▁of ▁' The ▁Need ▁For ▁Effect ive ▁Global ▁Comp act s ▁on ▁Ref uge es ▁ ▁and ▁M igration '. ▁ ▁In ▁recent ▁years ▁Both ▁the ▁Media ▁Communic ations ▁Department ▁and ▁Psych ology ▁Department ▁have ▁held ▁con ferences ▁with ▁notable ▁speak ers ▁including ▁Z oria h ▁Miller , ▁M ous hi ra ▁Kh att ab ▁and ▁Em |
my ▁van ▁De ur zen . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁Web ster ▁University ▁Gene va ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Web ster ▁University ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁Pietro ▁Carl oni ▁( 2 8 ▁October ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁– ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Italian ▁stage ▁and ▁film ▁actor . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁career ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁T aur is ano , ▁L ec ce ▁into ▁a ▁family ▁of ▁actors , ▁Carl oni ▁deb uted ▁on ▁stage ▁at ▁young ▁age ▁in ▁the ▁the atr ical ▁company ▁held ▁by ▁Ern esto ▁M uro lo . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁he ▁met ▁on ▁stage ▁Tit ina ▁De ▁Fil ipp o , ▁whom ▁he ▁married ▁one ▁year ▁later ▁and ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁started ▁a ▁long ▁professional ▁association , ▁appearing ▁in ▁almost ▁all ▁her ▁stage ▁works . ▁Carl oni ▁was ▁also ▁active ▁in ▁films ▁and ▁in ▁television ▁min is eries , ▁mainly ▁cast ▁in ▁character ▁roles . ▁ ▁Part ial ▁film ography ▁▁▁ ▁Ass unta ▁Sp ina ▁( 1 9 4 8 ) ▁- ▁Il ▁presidente ▁del ▁trib un ale ▁( un cred ited ) ▁ ▁Side ▁Street ▁Story ▁( 1 9 5 0 ) ▁- ▁Un ▁sold ato ▁amer icano ▁ ▁Fil um ena ▁Mart ur ano ▁( 1 9 5 1 ) ▁ ▁C ops ▁and ▁Rob bers ▁( 1 9 5 1 ) ▁- ▁The ▁Police ▁Commission er ▁ ▁La |
▁mac ch ina ▁am ma zz ac att ivi ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁ ▁Ing anno ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁- ▁Un ▁comm iss ario ▁di ▁pol izia ▁ ▁Five ▁P au pers ▁in ▁an ▁Autom obile ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁- ▁Fab io ▁M azz etti ▁ ▁T oto ▁and ▁the ▁King ▁of ▁Rome ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁- ▁Cap ou ffic io ▁Cap asso ▁ ▁Non ▁è ▁ver o ... ▁ma ▁ci ▁cre do ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁- ▁Av v oc ato ▁Don ati ▁ ▁I ▁mort i ▁non ▁pag ano ▁t asse ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁ ▁Can i ▁e ▁g atti ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁- ▁Cav . ▁An sel mi ▁ ▁Pi ov uto ▁dal ▁ciel o ▁( 1 9 5 3 ) ▁- ▁Ric co ▁sign ore ▁ ▁Martin ▁T oc ca fer ro ▁( 1 9 5 3 ) ▁ ▁It ▁H app ened ▁at ▁the ▁Police ▁Station ▁( 1 9 5 4 ) ▁- ▁Deput y ▁Police ▁Commission er ▁ ▁To o ▁Bad ▁She ' s ▁Bad ▁( 1 9 5 4 ) ▁- ▁Il ▁sign ore ▁intr igu ante ▁ ▁A ▁Hero ▁of ▁Our ▁Times ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁- ▁( un cred ited ) ▁ ▁The ▁Two ▁Fri ends ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁- ▁Comm iss ario ▁ ▁Roman ▁T ales ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁- ▁The ▁R estaur ant ▁Manager ▁( |
un cred ited ) ▁ ▁Da ▁qui ▁all ' ered ità ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁ ▁Sus anna ▁tut ta ▁p anna ▁( 1 9 5 7 ) ▁ ▁Car m ela ▁è ▁una ▁b amb ola ▁( 1 9 5 8 ) ▁- ▁The ▁Judge ▁ ▁S og no ▁di ▁una ▁not te ▁di ▁me zza ▁s born ia ▁( 1 9 5 9 ) ▁- ▁Il ▁d ott ore ▁ ▁Lo ▁sm emor ato ▁di ▁Colleg no ▁( 1 9 6 2 ) ▁- ▁Francesco ▁Ball ar ini ▁ ▁The ▁Four ▁Mon ks ▁( 1 9 6 2 ) ▁- ▁Il ▁fr utt iv end olo ▁ ▁T oto ▁vs . ▁the ▁Four ▁( 1 9 6 3 ) ▁- ▁C ogn ato ▁di ▁Lanc etti ▁ ▁T oto ▁and ▁Cle op atra ▁( 1 9 6 3 ) ▁- ▁Le p ido ▁ ▁T oto ▁vs . ▁the ▁Black ▁Pir ate ▁( 1 9 6 4 ) ▁- ▁Il ▁govern atore ▁ ▁Bian co , ▁ros so , ▁g ial lo , ▁ro sa ▁( 1 9 6 4 ) ▁ ▁Made ▁in ▁Italy ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁- ▁The ▁Judge ▁( segment ▁" 2 ▁' Il ▁Lav oro ', ▁episode ▁ 2 ") ▁ ▁More ▁Th an ▁a ▁Mi racle ▁( 1 9 6 7 ) ▁- ▁( final ▁film ▁role ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁death s ▁Category |
: 2 0 th - century ▁Italian ▁male ▁actors ▁Category : Ital ian ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : Ital ian ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : Ital ian ▁male ▁stage ▁actors ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁L ec ce <0x0A> </s> ▁Pass age ▁Through ▁Time ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁album ▁of ▁Canadian ▁hip ▁hop ▁production ▁team ▁Da ▁Gr ass ro ots , ▁released ▁November ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁independently ▁on ▁Con ception ▁Records . ▁The ▁album ▁features ▁MC s ▁from ▁Toronto ' s ▁under ground ▁hip ▁hop ▁scene . ▁" Price ▁of ▁Liv in ' ", ▁" Th emat ics ", ▁and ▁" Body ▁Language " ▁are ▁singles ▁from ▁the ▁album . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁received ▁high ▁critical ▁acc laim . ▁Amazon . com ▁gave ▁the ▁album ▁a ▁favor able ▁review , ▁calling ▁the ▁group ▁" Master s ▁of ▁under st ated ▁musical ▁el o quence ," ▁also ▁stating ▁" This ▁is ▁what ▁good ▁music ▁sounds ▁like ." ▁All music ▁gave ▁it ▁ 4 ▁out ▁of ▁ 5 ▁stars , ▁stating ▁" All ▁in ▁all , ▁this ▁album ▁is ▁a ▁great ▁example ▁of ▁the ▁talent ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁border ▁that ▁has ▁often ▁been ▁over look ed ▁by ▁the ▁mass ▁media ▁channels ." ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁† ▁These ▁songs ▁do ▁not ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁and ▁are ▁not ▁cred ited ▁in ▁the ▁l iner ▁notes . ▁ ▁Sam ples ▁" Th emat ics " ▁– ▁Cont ains |
▁a ▁sample ▁of ▁" St akes ▁Is ▁High " ▁by ▁De ▁La ▁Soul ▁" P reci ous ▁Met als " ▁– ▁Cont ains ▁a ▁sample ▁of ▁" P ast ures " ▁by ▁A hm ad ▁Jam al ▁" Price ▁of ▁Liv in '" ▁– ▁Cont ains ▁a ▁sample ▁of ▁" You ▁Know ▁the ▁De al " ▁by ▁B enn ie ▁Mau pin ▁" Black ▁D ove " ▁– ▁Cont ains ▁a ▁sample ▁of ▁" The ▁Fr ustr ated ▁N ig ga " ▁by ▁Jer u ▁the ▁Dam aja ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁debut ▁albums ▁Category : Da ▁Gr ass ro ots ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Mes o zy g iella ▁is ▁an ▁ext inct ▁genus ▁of ▁orb - we aving ▁sp ider ▁( family ▁A rane idae ), ▁with ▁one ▁known ▁species , ▁Mes o zy g iella ▁d un lo pi , ▁d ating ▁from ▁the ▁Early ▁C ret ace ous , ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁earliest ▁orb - we aver ▁yet ▁discovered . ▁Two ▁male ▁spec im ens ▁of ▁the ▁species ▁were ▁found ▁embedded ▁in ▁am ber ▁in ▁Á lava , ▁northern ▁Spain . ▁The ▁foss ils ▁provide ▁direct ▁evidence ▁that ▁the ▁three ▁major ▁orb ▁we aving ▁families , ▁namely ▁A rane idae , ▁T et rag n ath idae ▁and ▁U lob or idae , ▁had ▁evol ved ▁by ▁this ▁time , ▁about ▁ 1 4 0 ▁million ▁years ▁ago . ▁They ▁probably ▁origin ated ▁during ▁the ▁Jur ass ic ▁( 2 0 0 - 1 4 |
0 ▁million ▁years ▁ago ). ▁All ▁three ▁families ▁very ▁likely ▁have ▁a ▁common ▁origin . ▁ ▁The ▁found ▁males ▁have ▁a ▁body ▁length ▁of ▁two ▁to ▁almost ▁three ▁mill im eters ▁and ▁eight ▁eyes . ▁The ▁foss ils ▁are ▁highly ▁similar ▁to ▁recent ▁Z yg iella ▁species , ▁apart ▁from ▁the ▁em bol us ▁origin ating ▁med ial ly ▁rather ▁than ▁dist ally . ▁ ▁Name ▁The ▁genus ▁name ▁is ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁mes o , ▁with ▁the ▁foss il ▁stem ming ▁from ▁the ▁Mes oz o ic ▁era , ▁and ▁the ▁recent ▁ar ane id ▁genus ▁Z yg iella , ▁to ▁which ▁the ▁foss il ▁is ▁closely ▁related . ▁The ▁species ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁pale o ar ach n ologist ▁Jason ▁A . ▁Dun lop . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : A rane idae ▁Category : C ret ace ous ▁ar th rop ods ▁Category : Sp iders ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : Pre histor ic ▁life ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : Mon ot yp ic ▁A rane om or pha e ▁gener a <0x0A> </s> ▁Se an ▁Mur phy ▁( born ▁June ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁American ▁professional ▁stock ▁car ▁racing ▁driver ▁who ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁NAS C AR ▁T ruck ▁Series , ▁I MS A ▁and ▁the ▁AS A ▁Series . ▁He ▁currently ▁is ▁an ▁entrepr ene ur . ▁ ▁Racing ▁career ▁Mur phy ▁ran ▁two ▁races ▁( at ▁the ▁Miami ▁street ▁course ▁and ▁Road ▁Atlanta ) ▁in |
▁Kon rad ▁Mot ors ports ' ▁No . ▁ 2 5 ▁S ale en ▁S 7 R ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁American ▁Le ▁Mans ▁Series ▁season , ▁team ing ▁up ▁with ▁Charles ▁Sl ater ▁in ▁both ▁races ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Jean - Fran çois ▁Y von ▁at ▁Road ▁Atlanta . ▁He ▁also ▁drove ▁for ▁Kon rad ▁in ▁one ▁Grand - Am ▁race ▁at ▁the ▁Day ton a ▁road ▁course ▁that ▁year ▁in ▁their ▁No . ▁ 3 1 , ▁sharing ▁the ▁car ▁with ▁Franz ▁Kon rad . ▁ ▁Mur phy ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁start ▁in ▁the ▁NAS C AR ▁C raft s man ▁T ruck ▁Series ▁at ▁Mart ins ville ▁Speed way ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁driving ▁for ▁Green ▁Light ▁Racing ▁in ▁the ▁No . ▁ 0 7 ▁Che v ro let ▁Silver ado . ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁solid ▁debut , ▁qual ifying ▁ 1 9 th ▁and ▁finishing ▁ 2 2 nd . ▁The ▁deal ▁gave ▁Mur phy ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁race ▁for ▁the ▁remaining ▁three ▁races ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁for ▁the ▁team ▁( two ▁races ▁in ▁the ▁No . ▁ 0 7 ▁and ▁one ▁in ▁the ▁No . ▁ 0 8 ). ▁At ▁the ▁next ▁race ▁at ▁Phoenix , ▁Mur phy ▁finished ▁ 2 4 th , ▁but ▁also ▁led ▁two ▁la ps . ▁At ▁Hom est ead - M iami , ▁Mur phy ▁led ▁ten ▁la ps ▁due ▁to ▁pit ▁strategy ▁before ▁his ▁engine ▁exp ired . ▁ ▁Mur phy ▁ran ▁a ▁total ▁of |
▁ 1 4 ▁races ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 0 6 , ▁once ▁again ▁all ▁for ▁Green ▁Light ▁Racing . ▁His ▁best ▁finish ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 3 th ▁at ▁Atlanta . ▁He ▁earned ▁his ▁first ▁career ▁lead - lap ▁finish ▁at ▁Font ana ▁that ▁year . ▁Also , ▁at ▁Atlanta , ▁Mur phy ▁led ▁his ▁only ▁lap ▁on ▁the ▁season . ▁However , ▁spons or ship ▁did ▁not ▁material ize ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁race ▁at ▁Michigan , ▁Green ▁Light ▁found ▁other ▁drivers ▁to ▁drive ▁the ▁tr uck ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Mur phy ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 1 st ▁Ann ual ▁World ▁Series ▁of ▁As ph alt ▁Stock ▁Car ▁Racing ▁at ▁New ▁S my r na ▁Speed way ▁in ▁New ▁S my r na ▁Beach , ▁Florida . ▁Mur phy ▁was ▁scheduled ▁to ▁race ▁in ▁three ▁races ▁that ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁consecutive ▁night s . ▁Mur phy ▁qualified ▁on ▁the ▁pole ▁for ▁the ▁Th urs day ▁night ▁race , ▁but ▁rain ▁and ▁th under ▁caused ▁that ▁night ' s ▁activities ▁to ▁be ▁can ce led . ▁On ▁Friday ▁night , ▁Mur phy ▁qualified ▁on ▁the ▁outside ▁pole , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁start ▁the ▁race ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁mechanical ▁problem ▁with ▁his ▁car . ▁Mur phy ▁qualified ▁on ▁the ▁pole ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁on ▁Saturday , ▁but ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁problem ▁he ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁start ▁in ▁the ▁rear ▁of ▁the ▁pack . ▁After ▁a |
▁long ▁week ▁of ▁fr ustration ▁and ▁disappoint ment , ▁the ▁team ' s ▁hard ▁work ▁finally ▁paid ▁off ▁when ▁Mur phy ▁crossed ▁the ▁finish ▁line ▁in ▁ 5 th ▁place . ▁ ▁Mur phy ▁spent ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁racing ▁with ▁SS ▁Racing ▁and ▁compet ing ▁for ▁the ▁AS A ▁Super ▁Late ▁Model ▁Challenge ▁Series ▁division ▁title . ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁AS A - L ate ▁Model ▁Series ▁Pat ▁Bur d ow ▁Memorial ▁Ro ok ie ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Title ▁on ▁Saturday ▁at ▁Five ▁Fl ags ▁Speed way . ▁Mur phy ▁qualified ▁with ▁the ▁fast est ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁fourth ▁time ▁and ▁set ▁a ▁new ▁AS AL MS ▁track ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁three ▁times ▁during ▁the ▁season ▁( all ▁divisions ). ▁ ▁Return ing ▁to ▁the ▁No . ▁ 0 7 ▁tr uck ▁of ▁the ▁renamed ▁SS - Green ▁Light ▁Racing ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Mur phy ▁earned ▁his ▁first ▁and ▁only ▁top - 1 0 ▁in ▁the ▁T ruck ▁Series ▁at ▁Mans field , ▁which ▁was ▁also ▁his ▁best ▁finish ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁He ▁drove ▁in ▁five ▁other ▁races ▁after ▁that : ▁Mil w au kee , ▁IR P , ▁Br istol , ▁Las ▁Veg as , ▁and ▁T alla de ga . ▁▁ ▁Mur phy ▁made ▁his ▁Nation wide ▁Series ▁debut ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁running ▁three ▁races ▁( I owa , ▁Wat kins ▁Glen , ▁and ▁Br istol ) ▁in ▁the ▁No . ▁ 8 1 ▁D odge ▁for ▁Mac Donald |
▁Mot ors ports . ▁His ▁best ▁finish ▁was ▁a ▁ 2 0 th ▁at ▁Br istol . ▁He ▁continued ▁to ▁comp ete ▁in ▁the ▁T ruck ▁Series ▁for ▁SS GL R , ▁this ▁year ▁in ▁the ▁No . ▁ 0 8 ▁in ▁all ▁his ▁starts ▁( due ▁to ▁Ch ad ▁McC um be e ▁driving ▁the ▁No . ▁ 0 7 ▁full - time ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ). ▁After ▁running ▁three ▁races ▁in ▁that ▁tr uck , ▁he ▁drove ▁the ▁No . ▁ 2 1 ▁D odge ▁for ▁Gun Bro ker ▁Racing ▁at ▁T alla de ga ▁that ▁year , ▁subst itut ing ▁for ▁Nick ▁T ucker , ▁the ▁normal ▁driver ▁of ▁that ▁tr uck , ▁who ▁had ▁never ▁rac ed ▁on ▁a ▁restrict or ▁plate ▁track ▁before ▁and ▁was ▁not ▁cleared ▁to ▁race ▁that ▁week end . ▁ ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁SS - Green ▁Light ▁again ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁driving ▁the ▁No . ▁ 0 7 ▁tr uck ▁in ▁the ▁season - op ener ▁at ▁Day ton a . ▁The ▁team ▁indicated ▁that ▁they ▁wanted ▁him ▁to ▁run ▁the ▁full ▁season ▁if ▁spons or ship ▁could ▁be ▁found , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁not . ▁The ▁team ▁ended ▁up ▁having ▁multiple ▁drivers ▁in ▁the ▁No . ▁ 0 7 ▁that ▁year , ▁and ▁that ▁race , ▁which ▁Mur phy ▁finished ▁ 1 3 th ▁in , ▁ended ▁up ▁being ▁his ▁last ▁start ▁in ▁NAS C AR . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Although ▁he ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁A |
uck land , ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁Mur phy ▁currently ▁res ides ▁in ▁Fort ▁La ud erd ale , ▁Florida ▁where ▁he ▁works ▁as ▁an ▁entrepr ene ur . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁Brow ard ▁College . ▁ ▁Mot ors ports ▁career ▁results ▁ ▁NAS C AR ▁( key ) ▁( B old – ▁P ole ▁position ▁awarded ▁by ▁qual ifying ▁time . ▁Ital ics – ▁P ole ▁position ▁earned ▁by ▁points ▁stand ings ▁or ▁practice ▁time . ▁* – ▁Most ▁la ps ▁led .) ▁ ▁Nation wide ▁Series ▁▁ ▁Season ▁still ▁in ▁progress ▁ ▁In el ig ible ▁for ▁series ▁points ▁ ▁Camp ing ▁World ▁T ruck ▁Series ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : N ASC AR ▁drivers ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁racing ▁drivers ▁Category : R acing ▁drivers ▁from ▁Florida ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Fort ▁La ud erd ale , ▁Florida ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁A uck land <0x0A> </s> ▁Henry ▁Ba ill ie ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁wrest ler . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁fre est yle ▁light weight ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : B rit ish ▁male ▁sport ▁wrest lers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁wrest lers ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain ▁Category : W rest lers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category |
: Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Oliver ▁F ult on ▁( 2 4 ▁February ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁– ▁ 2 7 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Australian ▁politician . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Mo oro op na ▁to ▁but cher ▁George ▁F ult on ▁and ▁Caroline ▁E at well . ▁Edu c ated ▁locally , ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁black sm ith ▁at ▁Char l ton ▁and ▁W on th aggi , ▁and ▁served ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁Light ▁Hor se ▁Regiment ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁he ▁married ▁Mary ▁Emma ▁Lanc aster , ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁five ▁children . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁he ▁settled ▁at ▁Ma ff ra , ▁where ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁manufact urer ▁of ▁agricult ural ▁implements . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁as ▁the ▁Country ▁Party ▁member ▁for ▁Gi pp s land ▁North . ▁De fe ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁returned ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Minister ▁of ▁Health ▁in ▁the ▁Country ▁Party ▁government , ▁but ▁he ▁lost ▁his ▁seat ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁he ▁won ▁a ▁by - e lection ▁for ▁Gi pp s land ▁Province ▁in ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Legisl ative ▁Council , ▁where ▁he ▁served |
▁until ▁his ▁ret irement ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁he ▁had ▁married ▁Mar jor ie ▁B ery l ▁M oss , ▁n ée ▁Cow den . ▁F ult on ▁died ▁in ▁Ma ff ra ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁death s ▁Category : National ▁Party ▁of ▁Australia ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Victoria ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Legisl ative ▁Council ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Australian ▁polit icians ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Mo oro op na <0x0A> </s> ▁M ule ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Lev anger ▁in ▁Tr ø nd el ag ▁county , ▁Norway . ▁The ▁village ▁area ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁intersection ▁of ▁Norwegian ▁County ▁Road ▁ 7 7 4 ▁and ▁European ▁route ▁E 6 , ▁about ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Lev anger . ▁ ▁The ▁Nord lands ban en ▁railway ▁line ▁also ▁runs ▁through ▁M ule . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁school ▁and ▁a ▁day care ▁centre . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁of ▁ 2 3 8 ▁and ▁a ▁population ▁density ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Tr ø nd el ag ▁Category : Le v anger <0x0A> </s> ▁James ▁" J imi " |
▁Lewis ▁( born ▁ 5 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁in ▁L yd ney , ▁Gl ouc esters hire ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁field ▁hockey ▁goal keeper , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁Britain ▁squad ▁that ▁finished ▁nin th ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Ath ens . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁second ▁choice ▁behind ▁Simon ▁Mason . ▁Lewis , ▁also ▁nick named ▁" L ew i ", ▁played ▁club ▁hockey ▁for ▁C ann ock ▁and ▁Hav ant ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁with ▁G ross ▁Fl ott be ker ▁in ▁Germany . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁international ▁debut ▁in ▁Malays ia ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁playing ▁against ▁South ▁Africa . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 . ▁of ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁on wards , ▁Jim i ▁coach es ▁the ▁German ▁D H B ▁Hockey ▁National ▁Team ▁Go al keep ers . ▁ ▁Jim i ▁often ▁travel s ▁to ▁Spain , ▁and ▁coach es ▁hockey ▁for ▁Marsh land ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Nor folk ▁along ▁with ▁another ▁former ▁international , ▁Paul ▁Sw in burn . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Hockey : ▁Jim i ▁Lewis ▁geht ▁zum ▁D H B ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : English ▁male ▁field ▁hockey ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁field ▁hockey ▁players ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain ▁Category : B rit ish ▁male ▁field ▁hockey ▁players ▁Category : Field ▁hockey ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Pe ople |
▁from ▁L yd ney ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Gl ouc esters hire ▁Category : C ann ock ▁Hockey ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : H avant ▁Hockey ▁Club ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁General ▁Map ▁of ▁Mold avia ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁maps ▁of ▁the ▁Dan ub ian ▁Princi pal ities ▁which ▁was ▁printed ▁by ▁R ig as ▁F era ios ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 7 . ▁He ▁printed ▁it ▁in ▁Jacob ▁N its ’ ▁printing ▁press ▁and ▁the ▁eng ra ving ▁was ▁made ▁by ▁Franz ▁Müller . ▁The ▁map ▁is ▁of ▁ 8 2 ▁x ▁ 6 3 cm . ▁in ▁black ▁and ▁white ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁printed ▁on ▁paper ▁from ▁Holland . ▁Its ▁full ▁title ▁is ▁" GEN ER AL ▁M AP ▁/ ▁OF ▁/ ▁M OL D AV IA , / ▁AND ▁P ART ▁OF ▁I TS ▁NE IG H B OR ▁PRO V IN CES /. ▁Pub lished ▁by ▁R ig as ▁Vel est in lis ▁from ▁Th ess aly ▁for ▁the ▁sake ▁of ▁Gree ks ▁and ▁phil h ellen es , ▁ 1 7 9 7 . ▁Eng ra ved ▁by ▁Franco is ▁Müller ▁in ▁Vienna ". ▁( G reek : ▁« Γ Ε Ν Ι Κ Η ▁ Χ Α Ρ Τ Α / ▁ Τ Η Σ / ▁ Μ Ο Λ Δ Ο Β Ι Α Σ , / ▁ Κ Α Ι ▁ Μ Ε Ρ Ο Υ Σ ▁ Τ Ω Ν ▁ Γ Ε Ι Τ Ν Ι Α Ζ |
Ο Υ Σ Ω Ν / ▁ Α Υ Τ Η ▁ Ε Π Α Ρ Χ Ι Ω Ν /. ▁ Π α ρ ά ▁ τ ο υ ▁ Ρ ή γ α ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή ▁ Θ ε τ τ α λ ο ύ ▁ ε κ δ ο θ ε ί σ α ▁ χ ά ρ ι ν ▁ τ ω ν ▁ Ε λ λ ή ν ω ν ▁ κ <0xCE> <0x84> ▁ Φ ι λ ε λ λ ή ν ω ν , ▁ 1 7 9 7 . Ε χ α ρ ά χ θ η ▁ π α ρ ά ▁ τ ο υ ▁ Φ ρ α ν σ ο υ ά ▁ Μ ή λ λ ε ρ ▁ ε ν ▁ Β ι έ ν ν η ») ▁ ▁The ▁only ▁surv iving ▁copy ▁of ▁the ▁map ▁in ▁the ▁Greek ▁area ▁is ▁kept ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Historical ▁Museum ▁of ▁Greece . ▁This ▁map ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁Map ▁of ▁Greece ▁( 1 7 9 7 ), ▁the ▁Pam ph let ▁of ▁Alexander ▁the ▁Great ▁( 1 7 9 7 ) ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁Map ▁of ▁Wal la chia ▁( 1 7 9 7 ) ▁are ▁the ▁cart ographic ▁work ▁of ▁R ig as ▁Vel est in lis , ▁showing ▁his ▁national ▁liber ation ▁and ▁state ▁vision . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁The ▁map ▁includes ▁Mold ova ▁with ▁Crime a ▁and ▁Black ▁Sea ▁as ▁east |
▁boundaries , ▁the ▁north ▁part ▁of ▁Wal la chia ▁and ▁B ess arab ia ▁to ▁the ▁south , ▁Trans ylvan ia ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁and ▁Russian ▁Poland ▁to ▁the ▁north . ▁It ▁is ▁highly ▁detailed ▁including ▁place ▁names ▁and ▁symbols , ▁without ▁explan atory ▁memor and um . ▁The ▁borders ▁of ▁Mold ov ia ▁and ▁Wal la chia , ▁Trans ylvan ia , ▁B uk ov ina , ▁Russian ▁Poland ▁and ▁the ▁area ▁Th y ro get ai ▁Tat ars ▁are ▁defined ▁by ▁a ▁thick ▁dashed ▁line . ▁A ▁th inner ▁d otted ▁line ▁defines ▁the ▁extent ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Upper ▁and ▁Lower ▁Mold avia , ▁divided ▁into ▁provinces . ▁The ▁map ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁a ▁cart ographic ▁scale , ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁numbers ▁of ▁mer id ians ▁and ▁par alle ls ▁are ▁marked , ▁which ▁define ▁each ▁area ▁shown . ▁The ▁four ▁cardinal ▁points ▁Ar kt os ▁– ▁Mes imb ria ▁– ▁West ▁and ▁East ▁are ▁also ▁marked . ▁On ▁the ▁lower ▁left ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Map , ▁within ▁the ▁margin , ▁the ▁writing ▁" Me asure ▁of ▁one ▁degree ▁or ▁ 2 4 ▁hours " ▁( G reek : ▁« Μ έ τ ρ ο ν ▁ ε ν ό ς ▁ β α θ μ ο ύ ▁ ή ▁ ω ρ ώ ν ▁ 2 4 ») ▁explains ▁the ▁time ▁scale ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁the ▁Map , ▁which ▁is ▁estimated ▁to ▁range ▁around ▁the ▁ratio ▁of ▁ 1 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 . |
▁ ▁The ▁Map ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁Alexand ru ▁Call im achi , ▁r uler ▁of ▁Mold avia . ▁His ▁portrait ▁is ▁dep icted ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁right ▁corner ▁together ▁with ▁compos itions ▁and ▁Mold ovan ▁state ▁symbols ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁ancient ▁ins cription ▁in ▁Greek : ▁« Η Π Ι Ο Ν ▁ Ω Δ ’ ▁ Ο Ρ ’ ▁ Α Λ Ε Ξ Α Ν Δ Ρ Ο Ν ▁ Β Υ Ζ Α Ν Τ Ι Ο Ν ▁ Ε Ρ Ν Ο Σ - ▁ Φ Ρ Α Δ Μ Ο Ν Α ▁ Κ Α Λ Λ Ι Μ Α Χ Η Ν ▁ Κ Ρ Α Ν Τ Ο Ρ Α ▁ Μ Ο Λ Δ Ο Β Ι Η Σ », ▁which ▁means ▁" Watch ▁the ▁gentle ▁Alexand ru , ▁the ▁child ▁of ▁By z ant ium , ▁the ▁wise ▁Call im achi , ▁r uler ▁of ▁Mold ova ". ▁ ▁Arch et ype ▁of ▁the ▁map ▁ ▁The ▁arch et ype ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁General ▁Map ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁cart ograph er ▁H . ▁Sch ult z ▁« Ne u este ▁Kar te ▁von ▁der ▁Mold au , ▁Wal ache i , ▁B ess arab ien ▁und ▁der ▁K rim ▁s amb t ▁der ▁ang ra enz enden ▁Provin zen ▁Sie ben bur gen , ▁B uk ov ina , ▁einem ▁gross en ▁The il ▁von ▁Ung arn , ▁Gal iz ien , ▁Polen , ▁T art are |
i , ▁Ne ur uss land ▁und ▁Bulgar ien , ▁nach ▁den ▁best en ▁Original - zeichnungen ▁und ▁K arten ▁von ▁General ▁B auer ▁und ▁H . ▁J . ▁F . ▁Sch mid , ▁ent w orf en ▁von ▁H . C . ▁Schutz ▁und ▁g esto chen ▁von ▁F . ▁M ull er ». ▁This ▁map ▁was ▁published ▁around ▁ 1 7 8 7 ▁in ▁Vienna ▁from ▁the ▁same ▁eng ra ver . ▁R ig as ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁version ▁added ▁some ▁city ▁or ▁sites ▁names ▁which ▁were ▁mainly ▁known ▁by ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁of ▁the ▁D ias por a . ▁ ▁Object ives ▁of ▁the ▁publication ▁– ▁interpretation ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁his ▁ap ology ▁during ▁his ▁inter rog ation ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁police , ▁R ig as ▁printed ▁the ▁maps ▁of ▁the ▁Dan ub ian ▁Princi pal ities ▁for ▁commercial ▁purposes . ▁Despite ▁his ▁assertion ▁that ▁he ▁published ▁the ▁Maps ▁of ▁Par istr ion ▁with ▁“ spe cul ation ” ▁as ▁his ▁sole ▁aim , ▁it ▁seems ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁choose ▁randomly ▁the ▁mapping ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁semi - aut onom ous ▁regions ▁of ▁the ▁B alk ans , ▁which ▁during ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁rule ▁had ▁become ▁Greek ▁educational ▁cent ers . ▁He ▁knew ▁very ▁well ▁the ▁two ▁principal ities ▁since ▁he ▁lived ▁for ▁some ▁time ▁in ▁Wal la chia ▁. ▁Specifically ▁during ▁the ▁period ▁from ▁ 1 7 9 1 ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 7 9 6 ▁he ▁was ▁prepar ing ▁his ▁literary ▁and |
▁cart ographic ▁work . ▁Through ▁his ▁publications ▁he ▁aim ed ▁at ▁spiritual ▁aw ak ening ▁of ▁the ▁ens la ved ▁people ▁of ▁the ▁B alk ans , ▁something ▁which ▁is ▁also ▁indicated ▁in ▁his ▁phrase ▁“ For ▁the ▁sake ▁of ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁and ▁the ▁phil h ellen es ” ▁( G reek : ▁" Χ ά ρ ι ν ▁ τ ω ν ▁ Ε λ λ ή ν ω ν ▁ κ α ι ▁ Φ ι λ λ ε λ λ ή ν ω ν "). ▁ ▁Imp act ▁of ▁the ▁publication ▁ ▁The ▁publication ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁maps ▁of ▁the ▁Dan ub ian ▁Princi pal ities ▁received ▁w ides p read ▁support ▁by ▁the ▁Greek ▁press ▁of ▁Vienna . ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁an ▁advert is ement ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁newspaper ▁which ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁brothers ▁Mark ides ▁P ou lio i ▁in ▁Vienna ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁addressed ▁to ▁the ▁subscri bers ▁who ▁would ▁like ▁to ▁ac quire ▁the ▁maps . ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁newspaper ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁June ▁ 1 7 9 7 ▁the ▁advert is ement ▁for ▁the ▁publication ▁of ▁the ▁General ▁Map ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁was ▁file d . ▁Ext ensive ▁reference ▁for ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁the ▁map ▁and ▁its ▁description ▁was ▁made ▁by ▁sch ol ars ▁of ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁R ig as ▁such ▁as ▁F . K . ▁Alter ▁and ▁Johann ▁Christian ▁von ▁Engel ▁belonging ▁to ▁phil h ellen es ’ ▁circles ▁of ▁Vienna ▁and |
▁were ▁closely ▁connected ▁with ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁of ▁the ▁D ias por a . ▁ ▁The ▁Map ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁Map ▁of ▁Wal la chia ▁were ▁not ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁Dan ub ian ▁Princi pal ities ▁since ▁shortly ▁after ▁their ▁release , ▁R ig as ▁was ▁arrested ▁and ▁all ▁copies ▁were ▁conf isc ated , ▁making ▁them ▁unique ▁and ▁very ▁hard ▁to ▁find ▁today . ▁Comp ared ▁with ▁the ▁Map ▁of ▁Greece , ▁they ▁do ▁not ▁show ▁the ▁same ▁scientific ▁and ▁national ▁value . ▁However ▁they ▁have ▁en light ening ▁and ▁ped agog ical ▁significance ▁for ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁of ▁their ▁time , ▁they ▁are ▁product ▁of ▁a ▁great ▁person ality ▁and ▁they ▁are ▁a ▁valuable ▁source ▁for ▁anyone ▁wishes ▁to ▁study ▁about ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Rule . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Am and os , ▁K . ▁[ Ά μ α ν τ ος , ▁ Κ . ], ▁ Α ν έ κ δ ο τ α ▁ έ γ γ ρ α φ α ▁ π ε ρ ί ▁ Ρ ή γ α ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή . ▁ Σ ύ λ λ ο γ ος ▁ π ρ ος ▁ Δ ι ά δ ο σ ι ν ▁ Ω φ ε λ ί μ ω ν ▁ Β ι β λ ί ω ν . ▁ Ι σ τ ο ρ ι κ ή ▁ κ α ι ▁ Λ α ο γ ρ α |
φ ι κ ή ▁ Β ι β λ ι ο θ ή κ η ▁ Α ρ . ▁ 7 . ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ 1 9 3 0 . ▁Alter , ▁F . K ., ▁Phil olog isch - k rit ish ▁Mis cell ane en , ▁ Β ι έ ν ν η ▁, ▁ ε κ δ . ▁ Τ ρ ά τ τ ν ε ρ ▁ 1 7 9 9 . ▁V ran ous is , ▁L . ▁I . ▁[ Β ρ α ν ο ύ σ η ς , ▁ Λ . ▁ Ι . ], ▁ Ρ ή γ α ς . ▁ Έ ρ ε υ ν α , ▁ σ υ ν α γ ω γ ή ▁ κ α ι ▁ μ ε λ έ τ η . ▁ Α θ ή ν α ι , ▁ Β α σ ι κ ή ▁ Β ι β λ ι ο θ ή κ η ▁- 1 0 ▁D ask al ak is , ▁Ap . ▁V . ▁[ Δ α σ κ α λ ά κ η ς , ▁ Α π . ▁ Β . ], ▁Les ▁o e uv res ▁de ▁Rh ig as ▁Vel est in lis , ▁ Π α ρ ί σ ι ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁ κ α ι ▁ Ο ▁ Ρ ή γ α ς ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή |
ς ▁ ω ς ▁ δ ι δ ά σ κ α λ ος ▁ τ ο υ ▁ Γ έ ν ο υ ς , ▁ Α θ ή ν α ι ▁, 1 9 7 7 ▁D ask al ak is , ▁Ap . ▁V . ▁[ Δ α σ κ α λ ά κ η ς , ▁ Α π . ▁ Β . ], ▁ Ο ▁ Ρ ή γ α ς ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή ς ▁ ω ς ▁ Δ ι δ ά σ κ α λ ος ▁ τ ο υ ▁ Γ έ ν ο υ ς . ▁ <0xCE> <0x84> Ε κ δ ο σ ι ς ▁ ν έ α ▁ μ ε τ ά ▁ σ υ μ π λ η ρ ώ σ ε ω ν ▁ κ α ι ▁ π ρ ο σ θ η κ ώ ν . ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁Engel , ▁Johann ▁Krist ian ▁von , ▁Geschichte ▁des ▁Un gr ischen ▁Reichs ▁und ▁seiner ▁Neben l änder . ▁– ▁t . IV : ▁Geschichte ▁der ▁Mold au ▁und ▁Wal ach ey , ▁ne bst ▁der ▁histor ischen ▁und ▁stat ischen ▁Literatur ▁be y der ▁Land er , ▁Er ster ▁The il , ▁Halle , ▁ 1 8 0 4 . ▁E ne pe k id is , ▁Pol . ▁[ Ε ν ε π ε κ ί δ η |
ς , ▁ Π ο λ . ], ▁ Ρ ή γ α ς ▁– ▁ Υ ψ η λ ά ν τ η ς ▁– ▁ Κ α π ο δ ί σ τ ρ ι α ς . ▁ Έ ρ ε υ ν α ▁ ε ι ς ▁ τ α ▁ Α ρ χ ε ί α ▁ τ η ς ▁ Α υ σ τ ρ ί α ς , ▁ Γ ε ρ μ α ν ί α ς , ▁ Ι τ α λ ί α ς , ▁ Γ α λ λ ί α ς ▁ κ α ι ▁ Ε λ λ ά δ ος , ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁K amar ian os , ▁N . ▁[ Κ α μ α ρ ι ά ν ος , ▁ Ν . ], ▁ Ρ ή γ α ς ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή ς , ▁ Σ υ μ π λ η ρ ώ σ ε ι ς ▁ κ α ι ▁ δ ι ο ρ θ ώ σ ε ι ς ▁ γ ι α ▁ τ η ▁ ζ ω ή ▁ κ α ι ▁ τ ο ▁ έ ρ γ ο ▁ τ ο υ . ▁ Ε ι σ α γ ω γ ή ▁– ▁ Μ ε τ ά φ ρ α σ η ▁– ▁ σ χ ό λ ι α |
▁ Α θ . ▁ Κ α ρ α θ α ν ά σ η ς , ▁ Ε π ι σ τ η μ ο ν ι κ ή ▁ Ε τ α ι ρ ε ί α ▁ Μ ε λ έ τ η ς ▁ Φ ε ρ ώ ν ▁– ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ί ν ο υ - Ρ ή γ α , ▁ Α θ ή ν α ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁Kar am ber op oul os , ▁D . ▁[ Κ α ρ α μ π ε ρ ό π ο υ λ ος , ▁ Δ . ], ▁ Ο ι ▁ Χ ά ρ τ ε ς ▁ Β λ α χ ί α ς ▁ κ α ι ▁ Μ ο λ δ α β ί α ς ▁ τ ο υ ▁ Ρ ή γ α ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή . ▁ Β ι έ ν ν η ▁ 1 7 9 7 . ▁ Ν έ α ▁ σ τ ο ι χ ε ί α ▁– ▁ Ε υ ρ ε τ ή ρ ι ο - ▁ Α υ θ ε ν τ ι κ ή ▁ Ε π α ν έ κ δ ο σ η . ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ Ε π ι σ τ η μ ο ν ι κ ή ▁ Ε τ α ι ρ ε ί |
α ▁ Μ ε λ έ τ η ς ▁ Φ ε ρ ώ ν ▁– ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ί ν ο υ - ▁ Ρ ή γ α . ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Dim it ra ▁K ou ki ou ▁[ Δ ή μ η τ ρ α ▁ Κ ο υ κ ί ο υ ], ▁" Η ▁ Γ ε ν ι κ ή ▁ Χ ά ρ τ α ▁ τ η ς ▁ Μ ο λ δ α β ί α ς ▁ κ α ι ▁ μ έ ρ ο υ ς ▁ τ ω ν ▁ γ ε ι τ ν ι α ζ ο υ σ ώ ν ▁α υ τ ή ▁ ε π α ρ χ ι ώ ν . ▁ Π α ρ ά ▁ τ ο υ ▁ Ρ ή γ α ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή ▁ Θ ε τ τ α λ ο ύ ▁ ε κ δ ο θ ε ί σ α ▁ χ ά ρ ι ν ▁ τ ω ν ▁ Ε λ λ ή ν ω ν ▁ κ <0xCE> <0x84> ▁ Φ ι λ ε λ λ ή ν ω ν , ▁ 1 7 9 7 .", ▁ Τ ε κ μ ή ρ ι α ▁ Ι σ τ ο ρ ί α ς - Μ ο ν ο γ ρ α φ ί ε ς , ▁ Α |
θ ή ν α , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁L egr and ▁É mile , ▁[ Λ ε γ κ ρ ά ν τ ▁ Α ι μ . ], ▁ Α ν έ κ δ ο τ α ▁ έ γ γ ρ α φ α ▁ π ε ρ ί ▁ Ρ ή γ α ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή ▁ κ α ι ▁ τ ω ν ▁ σ υ ν ▁α υ τ ώ ▁ μ α ρ τ υ ρ η σ ά ν τ ω ν . ▁ Ε κ ▁ τ ω ν ▁ ε ν ▁ Β ι έ ν ν η ▁α ρ χ ε ί ω ν ▁ ε ξ α χ θ έ ν τ α ▁ κ α ι ▁ δ η μ ο σ ι ε υ θ έ ν τ α ▁ υ π ό ▁ Α ι μ ι λ ί ο υ ▁ Λ ε γ ρ ά ν δ . ▁ Μ ε τ ά ▁ μ ε τ α φ ρ ά σ ε ω ς ▁ ε λ λ η ν ι κ ή ς ▁ υ π ό ▁ Σ π υ ρ ί δ ω ν ος ▁ Λ ά μ π ρ ο υ . ▁ Α θ ή ν η σ ι ν , ▁ 1 8 9 1 . ▁Liv ier atos , ▁E f . ▁[ Λ ι β ι |
ε ρ ά τ ος , ▁ Ε υ . ], ▁ Χ α ρ τ ο γ ρ α φ ί α ς ▁ κ α ι ▁ χ α ρ τ ώ ν ▁ Π ε ρ ι ή γ η σ ι ς . ▁ 2 5 ▁ Α ι ώ ν ε ς ▁α π ό ▁ τ ο υ ς ▁ <0xCE> <0x8A> ω ν ε ς ▁ σ τ ο ν ▁ Π τ ο λ ε μ α ί ο ▁ κ α ι ▁ τ ο ν ▁ Ρ ή γ α . ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ Ε θ ν ι κ ή ▁ Χ α ρ τ ο θ ή κ η , ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁La ios , ▁G . ▁[ Λ ά ι ος , ▁ Γ . ], ▁ Ο ι ▁ χ ά ρ τ ε ς ▁ τ ο υ ▁ Ρ ή γ α , ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ Δ Ι Ε Ε , ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁St ur za , ▁Mih ail - D imit ri , ▁D iction naire ▁Histor ique ▁et ▁Gene alog ique ▁des ▁Grand es ▁Fam illes ▁de ▁Gre ce ▁d ’ ▁Alban ie ▁et ▁de ▁Constantin ople , ▁Paris , ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁Fot inos , ▁D . ▁[ Φ ω τ ε ι ν ό ς , ▁ Δ . ], ▁ Ι σ |
τ ο ρ ί α ▁ τ η ς ▁ π ά λ α ι ▁ Δ α κ ί α ς , ▁ τ α ▁ ν υ ν ▁ Τ ρ α ν σ ι λ β α ν ί α ς , ▁ Β λ α χ ί α ς , ▁ κ α ι ▁ Μ ο λ δ α υ ϊ α ς . ▁ Ε κ ▁ δ ι α φ ό ρ ω ν ▁ π α λ α ι ώ ν ▁ κ α ι ▁ ν ε ω τ έ ρ ω ν ▁ σ υ γ γ ρ α φ έ ω ν ▁ σ υ ν ε ρ α ν ι σ θ ε ί σ α … ., ▁ τ ό μ ο ι ▁ Α ▁ κ α ι ▁ Β . ▁ Ε ν ▁ Β ι έ ν ν η ▁ τ η ς ▁ Α ο υ σ τ ρ ί α ς , ▁ ε κ ▁ τ ο υ ▁ Τ υ π ο γ ρ α φ ε ί ο υ ▁ Ι ω . ▁ Β α ρ θ ο λ . ▁ Σ β ε κ ί ο υ , ▁ 1 8 1 8 . ▁Ex hib ition ▁catalog ue : ▁ Ρ ή γ α ▁ Β ε λ ε σ τ ι ν λ ή . ▁ Έ κ θ ε σ η ▁α φ ι ε ρ ω |
μ έ ν η ▁ σ τ α ▁ 2 0 0 ▁ χ ρ ό ν ι α ▁α π ό ▁ τ ο ▁ θ ά ν α τ ό ▁ τ ο υ , ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ Ε θ ν ι κ ό ▁ Ι σ τ ο ρ ι κ ό ▁ Μ ο υ σ ε ί ο , ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁( κ α τ ά λ ο γ ος ▁ έ κ θ ε σ η ς ). ▁ Π α γ κ ό σ μ ι ο ▁ Β ι ο γ ρ α φ ι κ ό ▁ Λ ε ξ ι κ ό , ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ Ε κ δ ο τ ι κ ή ▁ Α θ η ν ώ ν , ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁ Μ ε γ ά λ η ▁ Ε λ λ η ν ι κ ή ▁ Ε γ κ υ κ λ ο π α ί δ ε ι α , ▁ Α θ ή ν α , ▁ Π . ▁ Δ ρ α ν δ ά κ η , ▁ Φ ο ί ν ι ξ , ▁ χ . χ ρ . ▁ ▁Category : Mod ern ▁Greek ▁En light en ment ▁Category : 1 7 9 7 ▁works ▁Category : History ▁of ▁Mold avia ▁( 1 7 1 1 – 1 8 2 2 ) ▁Category |
: 1 8 th - century ▁maps ▁and ▁glob es ▁Category : R ig as ▁F era ios <0x0A> </s> ▁B auer ▁N ils en ▁AS ▁is ▁a ▁Norwegian ▁company ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 5 . ▁The ▁company ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁K arm ø y ▁municipality . ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁started ▁with ▁production ▁of ▁central ▁pressure ▁lub ric ators . ▁Exp ansion ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁design ▁and ▁production ▁of ▁high - press ure ▁hyd ra ul ics . ▁ ▁B auer - N ils en ▁produces ▁an ▁extensive ▁range ▁of ▁high - press ure ▁hyd ra ul ic ▁equipment ▁for ▁the ▁ship building ▁sector ▁as ▁well ▁for ▁off sh ore ▁and ▁land - based ▁industry . ▁The ▁company ▁is ▁located ▁together ▁with ▁B auer H yd ra ul ic ▁Mot ors ▁AS , ▁which ▁design ▁and ▁manufact ures ▁high ▁pressure ▁radial ▁p ist on ▁mot ors ▁with ▁corresponding ▁val ves . ▁The ▁two ▁companies ▁is ▁co - located . ▁ ▁Category : Man ufact uring ▁companies ▁of ▁Norway ▁Category : Ch em ical ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁Category : Fl uid ▁dynamics ▁Mach in ery , ▁H yd ra ul ic ▁Category : 1 9 2 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Norway <0x0A> </s> ▁K ota ▁Kin ab alu ▁West ▁Coast ▁Park way ▁or ▁Leb uh ray a ▁P ant ai ▁Bar at ▁K ota ▁Kin ab alu ▁is ▁a ▁major ▁highway ▁in ▁K ota ▁Kin ab alu ▁city , ▁Sab ah , ▁Malays ia . ▁The ▁highway |
▁was ▁built ▁at ▁the ▁re clam ation ▁land ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁K ota ▁Kin ab alu ▁coast al ▁development ▁project ▁such ▁as ▁S ut era ▁Har bour ▁and ▁K K ▁Water front . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁inter changes ▁▁ ▁Category : High ways ▁in ▁Malays ia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Scottish ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service ▁( SF RS ; ▁) ▁is ▁the ▁national ▁fire ▁and ▁rescue ▁service ▁of ▁Scotland . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁formed ▁by ▁the ▁mer ger ▁of ▁eight ▁regional ▁fire ▁services ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁on ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁It ▁thus ▁became ▁the ▁largest ▁fire ▁brig ade ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁sur pass ing ▁the ▁London ▁Fire ▁Brigade . ▁ ▁Cons olid ation ▁After ▁a ▁consult ation , ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Government ▁confirmed ▁on ▁ 8 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁that ▁a ▁single ▁fire ▁and ▁rescue ▁service ▁would ▁be ▁created ▁in ▁Scotland ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁eight ▁existing ▁services . ▁ ▁Following ▁further ▁consult ation ▁on ▁the ▁detailed ▁operation ▁of ▁the ▁service , ▁the ▁Police ▁and ▁Fire ▁Reform ▁( Sc ot land ) ▁Bill ▁was ▁published ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁After ▁scr ut iny ▁and ▁debate ▁by ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Parliament , ▁the ▁legisl ation ▁was ▁approved ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁The ▁Bill ▁d uly ▁received ▁royal ▁ass ent ▁as ▁the ▁Police ▁and ▁Fire ▁Reform ▁( Sc ot land ) |
▁Act ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁This ▁Act ▁also ▁created ▁Police ▁Scotland ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁eight ▁regional ▁police ▁forces . ▁The ▁mer gers ▁were ▁effective ▁from ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁E ight ▁months ▁after ▁the ▁cons olid ation , ▁an ▁internal ▁report ▁said ▁the ▁re organisation ▁had ▁not ▁neg atively ▁affected ▁oper ational ▁response . ▁ ▁The ▁service ▁is ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Camb us lang , ▁South ▁Lan ark shire , ▁on ▁the ▁south - e astern ▁out sk ir ts ▁of ▁Glasgow , ▁incorpor ating ▁a ▁national ▁training ▁centre , ▁opened ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁There ▁are ▁a ▁further ▁three ▁service ▁delivery ▁cent res ▁in ▁the ▁east , ▁west ▁and ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁country . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Government ▁confirmed ▁the ▁first ▁chief ▁fire ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁service ▁would ▁be ▁Al as da ir ▁Hay , ▁then ▁acting ▁chief ▁fire ▁officer ▁of ▁T ays ide ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service , ▁following ▁an ▁open ▁rec ruit ment ▁exercise . ▁ ▁Pat ▁Wat ters , ▁former ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Convention ▁of ▁Scottish ▁Local ▁Author ities , ▁was ▁also ▁announced ▁as ▁chair ▁of ▁the ▁service , ▁an ▁appointment ▁to ▁run ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁from ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁SF RS ▁Board ▁appointed ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁were ▁Wat ters , ▁Bob ▁B enson , ▁James ▁Campbell |
, ▁K irst y ▁Dar w ent , ▁Marie ke ▁D war sh uis , ▁Michael ▁Fox ley , ▁Robin ▁I ff la , ▁Bill ▁Mc Que en , ▁Sid ▁Pat ten , ▁Neil ▁Pir ie , ▁Martin ▁T og ner i ▁and ▁Grant ▁Thom s . ▁ ▁Chief ▁Fire ▁Offic ers ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 2 0 1 9 ▁: ▁Al as da ir ▁Hay ▁ 2 0 1 9 – ▁: ▁Martin ▁Bl unden ▁ ▁Oper ations ▁▁ ▁The ▁Scottish ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service ▁attended ▁ 2 5 , 0 0 2 ▁fires ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 / 1 5 . ▁The ▁service ▁also ▁del ivers ▁a ▁prevent ative ▁programme , ▁with ▁ 6 5 , 3 4 3 ▁free ▁home ▁fire ▁safety ▁vis its ▁conducted ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 / 1 6 . ▁ ▁As ▁well ▁as ▁fighting ▁fires , ▁the ▁service ▁att ends ▁tens ▁of ▁thousands ▁of ▁special ist ▁services ▁such ▁as ▁road ▁traffic ▁coll isions , ▁water ▁res c ues ▁and ▁flo oding ▁inc idents . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 / 1 5 ▁it ▁attended ▁ 1 0 , 7 4 0 ▁non - fire ▁inc idents . ▁ ▁Water ▁rescue ▁▁ ▁The ▁Service ▁is ▁the ▁primary ▁emer gency ▁service ▁for ▁the ▁rescue ▁of ▁persons ▁from ▁the ▁River ▁C ly de ▁in ▁Glasgow . ▁The ▁service ▁has ▁a ▁fleet ▁of ▁ 4 ▁rescue ▁boats ▁station ed ▁at ▁various ▁points ▁down stream ▁of ▁the ▁tid al ▁we ir ▁and ▁works |
▁closely ▁with ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁Hum ane ▁Society ▁and ▁other ▁ag encies . ▁The ▁service ▁works ▁alongside ▁other ▁emer gency ▁services ▁during ▁flo oding ▁events ▁to ▁ensure ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁communities ▁and ▁rescue ▁people ▁in ▁difficulty , ▁with ▁special ist ▁swift ▁water ▁rescue ▁teams ▁position ed ▁on ▁major ▁water ways ▁and ▁areas ▁of ▁activity . ▁Fire fig h ters ▁are ▁rout in ely ▁called ▁out ▁to ▁water , ▁flo od ▁and ▁boat ▁res c ues . ▁For ▁example , ▁during ▁Storm ▁Frank ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁the ▁SF RS ▁received ▁ 3 5 0 ▁flo od ▁related ▁calls ▁in ▁the ▁space ▁of ▁six ▁days . ▁ ▁Wild f ires ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁the ▁SF RS ▁were ▁called ▁out ▁to ▁ 7 8 ▁wild fire ▁inc idents ▁in ▁total , ▁with ▁over ▁half ▁of ▁those ▁taking ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁Scotland . ▁ ▁Medical ▁emer gen cies ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁a ▁national ▁trial ▁was ▁launched , ▁in ▁partners hip ▁with ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Am bul ance ▁Service , ▁which ▁has ▁seen ▁fire fig h ters ▁at ▁certain ▁stations ▁receive ▁en hanced ▁C PR ▁training ▁aim ed ▁at ▁increasing ▁surv ival ▁rates ▁for ▁people ▁who ▁suffer ▁out - of - h ospital ▁card iac ▁arr ests . ▁ ▁St ations ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁SF RS ▁oper ates ▁ 3 5 6 ▁stations ▁throughout ▁Scotland . ▁St ations ▁are ▁split ▁into ▁three ▁categories : ▁ ▁Who let ime |
: ▁A ▁station ▁with ▁full - time ▁fire fig h ters . ▁Ret ained : ▁Part - time , ▁on ▁a ▁call - out ▁basis ▁and ▁pre domin antly ▁based ▁in ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁rural ▁areas ▁of ▁Scotland . ▁Vol unte er : ▁On ▁a ▁call - out ▁basis ▁and ▁pre domin antly ▁based ▁in ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁remote ▁villages ▁and ▁islands . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁nor ther ly ▁station ▁is ▁Balt as ound ▁in ▁the ▁Sh et land ▁Islands . ▁The ▁most ▁sou ther ly ▁is ▁a ▁volunte er ▁station ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Dr um more ▁in ▁Dum f ries ▁and ▁Gall ow ay . ▁ ▁National ▁Training ▁Centre ▁▁ ▁The ▁Scottish ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service ▁National ▁Training ▁Centre ▁opened ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The ▁facility ▁in ▁Camb us lang ▁features ▁a ▁mock ▁town ▁with ▁real istic ▁motor ways , ▁railway ▁tracks ▁and ▁buildings , ▁including ▁a ▁multi - store y ▁ten ement ▁structure . ▁ ▁Imp act ▁The ▁following ▁services ▁were ▁merged ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service : ▁Central ▁Scotland ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service , ▁Dum f ries ▁and ▁Gall ow ay ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service , ▁F ife ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service , ▁Gr amp ian ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service , ▁High lands ▁and ▁Islands ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service , ▁L oth ian ▁and ▁B orders ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service , ▁Str ath c ly de ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue , ▁T |
ays ide ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Service . ▁ ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁control ▁rooms ▁handling ▁ 9 9 9 ▁calls ▁was ▁also ▁reduced ▁from ▁eight ▁to ▁three . ▁ ▁The ▁cons olid ation ▁of ▁regional ▁call ▁cent res ▁has ▁reported ly ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁dispatch ing ▁errors . ▁For ▁example , ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁a ▁crew ▁from ▁Ra as ay ▁was ▁mobil ised ▁to ▁an ▁incident ▁on ▁Sky e ▁– ▁a ▁journey ▁that ▁would ▁have ▁required ▁taking ▁their ▁fire ▁engine ▁on ▁a ▁fer ry ▁– ▁despite ▁an ▁alternative ▁crew ▁being ▁able ▁to ▁reach ▁Sky e ▁directly ▁via ▁a ▁road ▁bridge . ▁On ▁another ▁occasion , ▁a ▁crew ▁from ▁Be a uly ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁a ▁bla ze ▁ 1 0 ▁miles ▁away ▁in ▁D ing wall ▁as ▁the ▁dispatch er ▁was ▁alleg edly ▁una ware ▁D ing wall ▁had ▁its ▁own ▁fire ▁station . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Her ▁Majesty ' s ▁Fire ▁Service ▁Ins pect or ate ▁for ▁Scotland ▁Mountain ▁Res cue ▁Committee ▁of ▁Scotland ▁List ▁of ▁British ▁fire fig h ters ▁killed ▁in ▁the ▁line ▁of ▁duty ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁BBC ▁news ▁report , ▁ 2 9 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 3 : ▁Why ▁Gr amp ian ▁is ▁losing ▁its ▁unusual ▁white ▁fire ▁engines , ▁and ▁other ▁questions ... ▁Cons ult ation ▁document : ▁Keep ing ▁Scotland ▁Sa fe ▁and ▁Str ong : ▁A ▁Cons ult ation ▁on ▁Reform ing ▁Police ▁and ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Services ▁in ▁Scotland ▁Police ▁and |
▁Fire ▁Reform ▁( Sc ot land ) ▁Bill ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Scotland <0x0A> </s> ▁Section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Pen al ▁Code ▁criminal ises ▁attempted ▁suic ide ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁suic ide ▁assistance . ▁ ▁Section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁states : ▁▁ ▁Who ever ▁attempts ▁to ▁commit ▁suic ide ▁and ▁does ▁any ▁act ▁towards ▁the ▁commission ▁of ▁such ▁off ence , ▁shall ▁be ▁pun ished ▁with ▁simple ▁imprison ment ▁for ▁a ▁term ▁which ▁may ▁extend ▁to ▁one ▁year ▁or ▁with ▁fine , ▁or ▁with ▁both . ▁Although ▁section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁is ▁still ▁in ▁effect , ▁the ▁M ental ▁Health care ▁Act , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁( en act ed ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁has ▁restricted ▁its ▁application . ▁The ▁relevant ▁provision ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁act ▁states : ▁ ▁Not with standing ▁anything ▁contained ▁in ▁section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Pen al ▁Code , ▁any ▁person ▁who ▁attempts ▁to ▁commit ▁suic ide ▁shall ▁be ▁pres umed , ▁unless ▁proved ▁otherwise , ▁to ▁have ▁severe ▁stress ▁and ▁shall ▁not ▁be ▁tried ▁and ▁pun ished ▁under ▁the ▁said ▁Code . ▁ ▁Path ▁to ▁repe al ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Gian ▁K aur ▁vs ▁State ▁of ▁P un j ab ,, ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁failed ▁to ▁conv ince ▁the ▁five ▁judge ▁ben ch ▁that ▁section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁viol ated ▁article ▁ 2 1 ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution ▁of ▁India . ▁A |
▁bill ▁to ▁strike ▁the ▁section ▁was ▁subsequently ▁introduced ▁in ▁parliament , ▁but ▁failed ▁to ▁pass . ▁▁ ▁On ▁ 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁recommended ▁that ▁Parliament ▁consider ▁deleting ▁section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁from ▁the ▁stat ute . ▁▁ ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁a ▁question ▁by ▁V ive k ▁Gu pta ▁in ▁the ▁Raj ya ▁Sab ha ▁on ▁dec riminal isation ▁of ▁suic ide , ▁the ▁Minister ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Home ▁Affairs , ▁Har ib hai ▁Ch aud h ary ▁replied ▁that ▁" it ▁has ▁been ▁decided ▁to ▁delete ▁Section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁of ▁IP C ▁from ▁the ▁Stat ute ▁book ." ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁Minister ▁of ▁State ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Home ▁Affairs , ▁Har ib hai ▁Par ath ib hai ▁Ch aud h ary , ▁said ▁that ▁a ▁proposal ▁to ▁delete ▁Section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁from ▁the ▁Indian ▁Pen al ▁Code ▁had ▁been ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Department ▁of ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Law ▁and ▁Justice ▁for ▁drawing ▁up ▁a ▁draft ▁Am end ment ▁Bill . ▁ ▁Rest riction ▁by ▁other ▁acts ▁of ▁parliament ▁Section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Pen al ▁Code ▁was ▁set ▁to ▁be ▁limited ▁in ▁effect ▁by ▁the ▁M ental ▁Health ▁Care ▁bill , ▁first ▁introduced ▁to ▁the ▁Raj ya ▁Sab ha ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Article ▁ |
1 2 4 ▁of ▁the ▁bill ▁initially ▁st ip ulated ▁that ▁" Not with standing ▁anything ▁contained ▁in ▁section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Pen al ▁Code , ▁any ▁person ▁who ▁attempts ▁to ▁commit ▁suic ide ▁shall ▁be ▁pres umed , ▁unless ▁proved ▁otherwise , ▁to ▁be ▁suffering ▁from ▁mental ▁ill ness ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁attempting ▁suic ide ▁and ▁shall ▁not ▁be ▁li able ▁to ▁pun ishment ▁under ▁the ▁said ▁section ." ▁The ▁bill ▁also ▁st ip ulated ▁that ▁the ▁Government ▁would ▁have ▁a ▁duty ▁to ▁provide ▁medical ▁care ▁to ▁persons ▁that ▁attempted ▁suic ide . ▁The ▁bill ▁was ▁referred ▁by ▁the ▁Raj ya ▁Sab ha ▁to ▁a ▁standing ▁committee ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁which ▁submitted ▁a ▁report ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁In ▁its ▁report , ▁the ▁standing ▁committee ▁expressed ▁three ▁concerns ▁on ▁article ▁ 1 2 4 : ▁first ly , ▁that ▁the ▁pres umption ▁of ▁mental ▁ill ness ▁would ▁subject ▁persons ▁to ▁' ment al ▁health ▁treatment ', ▁second ly , ▁concerns ▁about ▁the ▁consequences ▁on ▁Section ▁ 3 0 6 ▁of ▁the ▁Pen al ▁Code , ▁which ▁concerns ▁ab et ment ▁to ▁suic ide , ▁and ▁third ly , ▁concerns ▁regarding ▁the ▁" inst itution al ization ▁in ▁sil encing ▁vict ims ▁of ▁domestic ▁violence ." ▁▁ ▁In ▁response , ▁the ▁Ministry ▁proposed ▁am end ments ▁which ▁would ▁change ▁the ▁language ▁of ▁this ▁provision ▁to ▁one ▁concerning ▁the ▁" pres umption ▁of ▁severe |
▁stress ▁in ▁case ▁of ▁attempt ▁to ▁commit ▁suic ide ". ▁The ▁Committee ▁accepted ▁this ▁recommendation , ▁not ing ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁still ▁ambigu ity ▁regarding ▁the ▁stage ▁at ▁which ▁this ▁pres umption ▁would ▁operate . ▁ ▁The ▁bill ▁was ▁voted ▁upon ▁and ▁passed ▁by ▁the ▁Raj ya ▁Sab ha ▁on ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁and ▁passed ▁by ▁the ▁Lok ▁Sab ha ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁The ▁bill ▁was ▁subsequently ▁en act ed ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁as ▁the ▁M ental ▁Health care ▁Act , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁M ental ▁Health ▁Care ▁Act ▁does ▁not ▁repe al ▁Section ▁ 3 0 9 ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Pen al ▁Code , ▁but ▁merely ▁provides ▁the ▁pres umption ▁of ▁mental ▁ill ness . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Su ic ide ▁legisl ation ▁E uth anas ia ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : Se ctions ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Pen al ▁Code ▁Category : Su ic ide ▁in ▁India <0x0A> </s> ▁A ymen ▁T ah ar ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 2 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁in ▁She ff ield ) ▁is ▁an ▁Ang lo - Al ger ian ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁for ▁Greek ▁club ▁Pan et ol ik os . ▁T ah ar ▁currently ▁plays ▁in ▁a ▁mid f iel der ▁position , ▁either ▁at ▁closing ▁or ▁off ensive ▁mid f iel der . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁ ▁Play ing ▁in ▁England ▁ ▁A ymen ▁was ▁born ▁and |
▁raised ▁in ▁She ff ield , ▁England ▁to ▁an ▁Al ger ian ▁family . ▁Though ▁he ▁grew ▁up ▁supporting ▁Ar sen al , ▁A ymen ▁played ▁in ▁Sunday ▁League ▁football ▁and ▁his ▁performance ▁caught ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁Luis ▁Silva , ▁who ▁had ▁a ▁role ▁of ▁helping ▁him ▁join ▁the ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁a cademy ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁where ▁he ▁progress ed ▁through ▁the ▁ranks ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁regular ▁in ▁the ▁reserve ▁side ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 2 0 0 9 ▁season . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁début ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁late ▁sub ▁for ▁Lee ▁Hend rie ▁against ▁H ull ▁City ▁in ▁the ▁FA ▁Cup ▁ 5 th ▁round . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁T ah ar ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁the ▁club . ▁ ▁After ▁leaving ▁She ff ield ▁United , ▁he ▁joined ▁St ave ley ▁Min ers ▁W elf are ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁successful ▁spell ▁there , ▁having ▁become ▁a ▁key ▁player ▁for ▁the ▁club . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁in ▁Roman ia ▁ ▁On ▁ 8 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁T ah ar ▁joined ▁Roman ian ▁club ▁Gaz ▁Met an ▁Media ș , ▁signing ▁a ▁contract ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁T ah ar ▁later ▁stated ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁that ▁he ▁find ▁it ▁difficult ▁to ▁move ▁away ▁from ▁England ▁to ▁Roman ia ▁at ▁first . ▁ ▁T ah ar ▁made ▁his ▁Gaz ▁Met an ▁Media ș |
▁debut , ▁where ▁he ▁came ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 6 th ▁minutes , ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁Din amo ▁Buc ure ști ▁on ▁ 3 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁After ▁struggling ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁seasons ▁at ▁Gaz ▁Met an ▁Media ș , ▁T ah ar ▁began ▁to ▁established ▁himself ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁and ▁then ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁Gaz ▁Met an ▁Media ș ▁goal ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 ▁win ▁over ▁Bra ș ov , ▁with ▁his ▁second ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁club ▁later ▁came ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 ▁win ▁over ▁Ce ahl ă ul ▁P iat ra ▁Ne am ț . ▁T ah ar ▁later ▁ended ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁season , ▁making ▁thirty - three ▁appearance ▁and ▁scoring ▁two ▁times . ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁season ▁then ▁saw ▁T ah ar ▁reg ained ▁his ▁first ▁team ▁place ▁and ▁started ▁the ▁opening ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁well ▁when ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁B oto ș ani ▁T ah ar ▁then ▁later ▁added ▁two ▁more ▁goals ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁season ▁against ▁Ce ahl ă ul ▁P iat ra ▁Ne am ț ▁and ▁Din amo ▁Buc ure ști . ▁T ah |
ar ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁finish ▁the ▁season , ▁making ▁thirty ▁appearance ▁and ▁scoring ▁three ▁times , ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁help ▁the ▁club ▁surv ive ▁re leg ation ▁from ▁Liga ▁I . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁T ah ar ▁joined ▁Roman ian ▁club ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ști , ▁signing ▁a ▁contract ▁until ▁ 3 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁T ah ar ▁revealed ▁he ▁nearly ▁joined ▁Slov ak ian ▁side ▁Slo van ▁Br atis lava ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ști . ▁T ah ar ▁made ▁his ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ști ▁debut , ▁playing ▁ 1 4 ▁minutes ▁after ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute , ▁in ▁a ▁ 0 – 0 ▁draw ▁against ▁Pet rol ul ▁P lo ie ști ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁After ▁being ▁left ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁squad ▁in ▁late - August , ▁T ah ar ▁then ▁reg ained ▁his ▁first ▁team ▁place ▁and ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁club ▁in ▁the ▁Round ▁of ▁ 3 2 ▁of ▁Cup a ▁Româ nie i , ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁ ▁Univers itatea ▁Cl uj . ▁We eks ▁later ▁on ▁ 3 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁T ah ar ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁league ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁club , ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 ▁win ▁over ▁Pol ite hn ica ▁I a și . ▁However , ▁under ▁the ▁management ▁of |
▁La uren ț iu ▁Reg he c ampf , ▁T ah ar ▁soon ▁fell ▁out ▁of ▁favour ▁after ▁his ▁form ▁sl ump ed ▁and ▁was ▁told ▁he ▁can ▁leave ▁the ▁club . ▁ ▁Bo av ista ▁and ▁S agan ▁T os u ▁No ▁longer ▁wanted ▁at ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ști , ▁T ah ar ▁joined ▁Prime ira ▁Liga ▁side ▁Bo av ista ▁on ▁loan ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁T ah ar ▁then ▁made ▁his ▁Bo av ista ▁debut ▁on ▁ 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁where ▁he ▁played ▁ 4 ▁minutes , ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁Pa ços ▁de ▁Fer re ira . ▁Then ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁T ah ar ▁provided ▁an ▁assist ▁for ▁Z é ▁Manuel ▁to ▁help ▁Bo av ista ▁win ▁ 3 – 0 ▁against ▁Mar ít imo . ▁T ah ar ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁make ▁eleven ▁appearance ▁for ▁Bo av ista ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁his ▁parent ▁club . ▁Upon ▁returning ▁to ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ști , ▁T ah ar ▁was ▁told ▁by ▁the ▁club ▁management ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁no ▁longer ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁team . ▁ ▁On ▁ 4 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁T ah ar ▁moved ▁abroad ▁to ▁Asia , ▁where ▁he ▁joined ▁J 1 ▁League ▁side ▁S agan ▁T os u . ▁ ▁Return ing ▁in ▁Roman ia ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁T ah ar |
▁returned ▁to ▁Roman ian ▁first ▁league ▁team ▁Gaz ▁Met an ▁Media ș ▁for ▁which ▁he ▁played ▁between ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁T ah ar ▁was ▁chosen ▁for ▁the ▁el ite ▁training ▁camp ▁for ▁the ▁Al ger ia ▁U 2 0 ▁team . ▁ ▁T ah ar ▁is ▁also ▁el ig ible ▁to ▁play ▁for ▁England , ▁having ▁been ▁raised ▁in ▁England ▁and ▁receiving ▁a ▁British ▁Cit iz ens hip . ▁ ▁Club ▁Statistics ▁▁ ▁Statistics ▁accurate ▁as ▁of ▁match ▁played ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Club ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ști ▁League ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁▁ ▁Final iste ▁du ▁ ▁Super cup a ▁Româ nie i ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁She ff ield ▁Category : English ▁people ▁of ▁Al ger ian ▁descent ▁Category : Al ger ian ▁football ers ▁Category : She ff ield ▁United ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : F er enc vá ro si ▁T C ▁football ers ▁Category : St ave ley ▁Min ers ▁W elf are ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : CS ▁Gaz ▁Met an ▁Media ș ▁players ▁Category : L iga ▁I ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ști ▁players ▁Category : Pr ime ira ▁Liga ▁players ▁Category : |
Bo av ista ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : J 1 ▁League ▁players ▁Category : S agan ▁T os u ▁players ▁Category : Al ger ian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Roman ia ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Slov ak ia ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Portugal ▁Category : Al ger ia ▁youth ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers <0x0A> </s> ▁G asp ard ▁P iro tte ▁was ▁a ▁Belg ian ▁g ymn ast . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁team , ▁Swedish ▁system ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁winning ▁the ▁bronze ▁medal . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : Bel g ian ▁male ▁art istic ▁g ymn asts ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁g ymn asts ▁of ▁Belg ium ▁Category : G ymn asts ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Belg ium ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁g ymn ast ics ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁Anders ▁Ped ers en ▁is ▁a ▁Norwegian ▁compet itive ▁sail or . ▁ ▁He ▁qualified ▁for ▁compet ing ▁in ▁the ▁Finn ▁class |
▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁male ▁sail ors ▁( s port ) ▁ ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁sail ors ▁of ▁Norway ▁Category : S ail ors ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁– ▁Finn ▁ ▁Category : World ▁Champions ▁in ▁ 5 . 5 ▁Met re ▁Category : World ▁champions ▁in ▁sail ing ▁for ▁Norway <0x0A> </s> ▁Ar as ax a , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Ar ath ia ▁and ▁Ar ass ax a , ▁was ▁a ▁town ▁of ▁ancient ▁C app ad ocia , ▁inhab ited ▁during ▁Roman ▁and ▁By z antine ▁times . ▁It ▁may ▁be ▁this ▁Ar ath ia ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁bishop ric ▁in ▁anti qu ity ▁( see ▁Ar ath ia ). ▁ ▁Its ▁site ▁is ▁located ▁near ▁Ak mes cit , ▁A si atic ▁Turkey . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁ancient ▁C app ad ocia ▁Category : Form er ▁populated ▁places ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁of ▁the ▁By z antine ▁Empire ▁Category : R oman ▁towns ▁and ▁cities ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : History ▁of ▁Kay ser i ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁Ab del k ab ir ▁" Ab del " ▁Ab q ar ▁( born ▁ 1 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Mor oc can ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays |
▁for ▁Spanish ▁club ▁M ál aga ▁CF ▁as ▁a ▁right ▁back . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Born ▁in ▁S ett at , ▁Ab q ar ▁joined ▁M ál aga ▁CF ' s ▁youth ▁setup ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁from ▁Moh ammed ▁VI ▁Football ▁Academy ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁senior ▁debut ▁with ▁the ▁former ' s ▁res erves ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁starting ▁in ▁a ▁ 0 – 1 ▁Ter cera ▁División ▁away ▁loss ▁against ▁CD ▁Hu ét or ▁T á jar . ▁ ▁Ab q ar ▁made ▁his ▁first - team ▁debut ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁starting ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 2 ▁home ▁loss ▁against ▁U D ▁Al mer ía ▁for ▁the ▁season ' s ▁Copa ▁del ▁Rey . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁S ett at ▁Category : Mor oc can ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : T erc era ▁División ▁players ▁Category : At l ético ▁Mal ague ño ▁players ▁Category : M ál aga ▁CF ▁players ▁Category : Mor oc can ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Mor oc can ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Spain ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Spain <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea ▁() ▁is ▁an ▁oil ▁painting ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁Rom antic ▁artist ▁Cas par ▁David ▁Friedrich |
. ▁It ▁was ▁painted ▁between ▁ 1 8 0 8 ▁and ▁ 1 8 1 0 ▁in ▁Dresden ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁shown ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁painting ▁The ▁Ab bey ▁in ▁the ▁Oak wood ▁( Ab tei ▁im ▁E ich wald ) ▁in ▁the ▁Berlin ▁Academy ▁exhibition ▁of ▁ 1 8 1 0 . ▁On ▁Friedrich ' s ▁request ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea ▁ ▁was ▁hung ▁above ▁The ▁Ab bey ▁in ▁the ▁Oak wood . ▁After ▁the ▁exhibition ▁both ▁pictures ▁were ▁bought ▁by ▁king ▁Frederick ▁Wilhelm ▁III ▁for ▁his ▁collection . ▁Today ▁the ▁paint ings ▁hang ▁side ▁by ▁side ▁in ▁the ▁Al te ▁National gal erie , ▁Berlin . ▁ ▁For ▁its ▁lack ▁of ▁concern ▁with ▁creating ▁the ▁ill usion ▁of ▁depth , ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea ▁was ▁Friedrich ' s ▁most ▁radical ▁composition . ▁The ▁broad ▁exp ans es ▁of ▁sea ▁and ▁sky ▁emphas ize ▁the ▁me ager ▁figure ▁of ▁the ▁mon k , ▁standing ▁before ▁the ▁vast ness ▁of ▁nature ▁and ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁God . ▁ ▁Development ▁ ▁A ▁single ▁figure , ▁dressed ▁in ▁a ▁long ▁gar ment , ▁stands ▁on ▁a ▁low ▁d une ▁spr ink led ▁with ▁grass . ▁The ▁figure , ▁usually ▁identified ▁as ▁a ▁mon k , ▁has ▁turned ▁almost ▁completely ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁vie wer ▁and ▁surve ys ▁a ▁rough ▁sea ▁and ▁a ▁gray , ▁blank ▁sky ▁that ▁takes ▁up ▁about ▁three ▁qu arters ▁of ▁the ▁picture . ▁It ▁is ▁unclear ▁whether ▁he ▁is ▁standing ▁on ▁a ▁high ▁rock ▁or ▁only ▁on |
▁a ▁gentle ▁slope ▁to ▁the ▁sea . ▁The ▁d une ▁forms ▁an ▁in express ive ▁triangle ▁in ▁the ▁composition , ▁at ▁the ▁far th est ▁point ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁figure . ▁Con tr ast ing ▁with ▁the ▁dark ▁ocean ▁there ▁are ▁several ▁white c aps ▁of ▁waves ▁sometimes ▁mistaken ▁for ▁se ag ull s . ▁ ▁Although ▁Friedrich ' s ▁paint ings ▁are ▁land sc apes , ▁he ▁designed ▁and ▁painted ▁them ▁in ▁his ▁studio , ▁using ▁freely ▁drawn ▁ple in ▁air ▁sketch es , ▁from ▁which ▁he ▁chose ▁the ▁most ▁ev oc ative ▁elements ▁to ▁integrate ▁into ▁an ▁express ive ▁composition . ▁The ▁composition ▁of ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea ▁shows ▁evidence ▁of ▁this ▁re duct ive ▁process , ▁as ▁Friedrich ▁removed ▁elements ▁from ▁the ▁canvas ▁after ▁they ▁were ▁painted . ▁Rec ent ▁scientific ▁investig ations ▁have ▁revealed ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁initially ▁painted ▁two ▁small ▁sail ing ▁ships ▁on ▁the ▁horizon , ▁which ▁he ▁later ▁removed . ▁Friedrich ▁continued ▁to ▁modify ▁the ▁details ▁of ▁the ▁painting ▁right ▁up ▁to ▁its ▁exhibition — to ▁the ▁sky ' s ▁grey ▁was ▁added ▁blue , ▁with ▁stars ▁and ▁a ▁moon — but ▁the ▁basic ▁composition ▁always ▁stayed ▁the ▁same . ▁ ▁The ▁picture ▁appeared ▁at ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁Friedrich ▁had ▁his ▁first ▁public ▁success ▁and ▁critical ▁acknowled gment ▁with ▁his ▁controvers ial ▁T et sch ener ▁Alt ar , ▁a ▁work ▁that ▁explicitly ▁f used ▁the ▁landscape ▁format ▁with ▁a ▁religious ▁theme . ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea ▁further ed ▁his ▁success |
▁and ▁drew ▁much ▁attention . ▁ ▁Friedrich ▁probably ▁began ▁the ▁painting ▁in ▁Dresden , ▁ 1 8 0 8 . ▁In ▁a ▁letter ▁of ▁February ▁ 1 8 0 9 , ▁he ▁described ▁the ▁image ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁The ▁stages ▁in ▁its ▁conception ▁were ▁also ▁documented ▁by ▁guests ▁to ▁his ▁studio . ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 8 0 9 , ▁the ▁wife ▁of ▁painter ▁Ger hard ▁von ▁Kü gel gen , ▁an ▁acquaint ance ▁of ▁Friedrich , ▁visited ▁him ▁and ▁later ▁critic ized ▁the ▁painting ▁in ▁a ▁letter ; ▁she ▁was ▁put ▁off ▁by ▁the ▁l onel iness ▁of ▁the ▁setting ▁and ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁cons olation ▁that ▁movement ▁or ▁narr ative ▁might ▁provide ▁the ▁" un ending ▁space ▁of ▁air ". ▁ ▁Art ▁historian ▁Albert ▁Bo ime ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁figure ▁of ▁the ▁mon k ▁was ▁Friedrich , ▁walking ▁on ▁the ▁cl iffs ▁at ▁R ü gen , ▁which ▁would ▁place ▁the ▁subject ▁near ▁the ▁site ▁where ▁a ▁Protest ant ▁myst ic ▁built ▁a ▁chap el ▁for ▁poor ▁fish erm en ▁who ▁were ▁far ▁from ▁home ▁and ▁wished ▁to ▁profess ▁their ▁faith . ▁The ▁identification ▁of ▁the ▁mon k ▁as ▁a ▁self - port rait ▁has ▁been ▁accepted ▁by ▁other ▁sch ol ars , ▁both ▁for ▁physical ▁res embl ances ▁to ▁Friedrich ▁( the ▁long ▁bl ond ▁hair ▁and ▁round ▁sk ull ), ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁fact ▁that , ▁in ▁keeping ▁with ▁the ▁per ception ▁of ▁artists ▁as ▁belonging ▁to ▁a ▁" high er ▁priest hood ", ▁Friedrich ▁later ▁painted |
▁himself ▁in ▁a ▁mon k ' s ▁cl othing . ▁ ▁Contempor ary ▁reception ▁▁ ▁The ▁painting ▁was ▁exhib ited ▁in ▁its ▁current ▁form ▁at ▁the ▁Berlin ▁Academy ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 8 1 0 , ▁to ▁much ▁controvers y ▁and ▁criticism . ▁The ▁composition ▁not ably ▁la cks ▁a ▁rep ous so ir — a ▁fr aming ▁device ▁that ▁leads ▁the ▁vie wer ' s ▁gaz e ▁into ▁the ▁image . ▁R ather , ▁the ▁em pt iness ▁of ▁the ▁for eground ▁is ▁over wh el ming . ▁It ▁is ▁commonly ▁argued ▁that ▁a ▁vie wer ▁of ▁this ▁painting ▁has ▁difficulty ▁rel ating ▁himself ▁to ▁the ▁picture ' s ▁space . ▁One ▁cannot ▁ment ally ▁" pen et rate " ▁the ▁image : ▁Friedrich ▁has ▁created ▁an ▁un bridge able ▁gap ▁between ▁the ▁mon k ▁and ▁the ▁vie wer . ▁The ▁mon k ▁is ▁cut ▁off ▁from ▁us ▁spatial ly ▁and ▁exist entially , ▁and ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁traditional ▁landscape ▁elements ▁that ▁might ▁soft en ▁the ▁effect — only ▁a ▁cold ▁sky ▁and ▁a ▁flat ▁for eground , ▁void ▁of ▁green ery , ▁and ▁a ▁dark ▁sea , ▁reduced ▁to ▁a ▁narrow ▁band ▁on ▁which ▁no ▁vessels ▁sail . ▁Friedrich ▁has ▁com pressed ▁space ▁in ▁a ▁manner ▁anticip ating ▁abstract ▁art ; ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁" per haps ▁the ▁first ▁' abstract ' ▁painting ▁in ▁a ▁very ▁modern ▁sense ". ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁month ▁of ▁the ▁exhibition , ▁German ▁Rom antic ▁author ▁C lem ens |
▁Br ent ano ▁submitted ▁an ▁article ▁on ▁the ▁painting ▁to ▁the ▁Berliner ▁Ab end bl ätter , ▁a ▁new ▁daily ▁journal ▁edited ▁by ▁his ▁friend ▁Heinrich ▁von ▁Kle ist . ▁The ▁piece , ▁titled ▁" D ifferent ▁Fe el ings ▁about ▁a ▁Se as cape ▁by ▁Friedrich ▁on ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁Cap uch in ▁Mon k ", ▁ ▁was ▁critical ▁of ▁the ▁work , ▁but ▁Kle ist ▁substantial ly ▁re vised ▁Br ent ano ' s ▁text ▁to ▁produce ▁an ▁article ▁sympath etic ▁to ▁Friedrich ' s ▁painting . ▁Kle ist ' s ▁comment ary ▁has ▁become ▁a ▁central ▁element ▁in ▁discussion ▁of ▁the ▁painting ▁and ▁of ▁Friedrich ; ▁the ▁two ▁men ▁are ▁seen ▁as ▁at ▁odd s ▁with ▁the ▁a est h etic ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁conventional ▁German ▁Rom antics , ▁in ▁which ▁Br ent ano ▁was ▁firm ly ▁ent rench ed . ▁ ▁Kle ist ▁wrote , ▁for ▁example : ▁ ▁How ▁wonderful ▁it ▁is ▁to ▁sit ▁completely ▁alone ▁by ▁the ▁sea ▁under ▁an ▁over cast ▁sky , ▁gaz ing ▁out ▁over ▁the ▁end less ▁exp anse ▁of ▁water . ▁It ▁is ▁essential ▁that ▁one ▁has ▁come ▁there ▁just ▁for ▁this ▁reason , ▁and ▁that ▁one ▁has ▁to ▁return . ▁That ▁one ▁would ▁like ▁to ▁go ▁over ▁the ▁sea ▁but ▁cannot ; ▁that ▁one ▁miss es ▁any ▁sign ▁of ▁life , ▁and ▁yet ▁one ▁sens es ▁the ▁voice ▁of ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁r ush ▁of ▁the ▁water , ▁in ▁the ▁blow ing ▁of ▁the ▁wind , ▁in ▁the ▁dr ifting ▁of |
▁the ▁clouds , ▁in ▁the ▁lon ely ▁cry ▁of ▁the ▁birds ▁... ▁No ▁situation ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁could ▁be ▁more ▁sad ▁and ▁eer ie ▁than ▁this — as ▁the ▁only ▁spark ▁of ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁wide ▁real m ▁of ▁death , ▁a ▁lon ely ▁center ▁in ▁a ▁lon ely ▁circle ... ▁Nevertheless , ▁this ▁definit ively ▁marks ▁a ▁totally ▁new ▁departure ▁in ▁Friedrich ' s ▁art ... ▁ ▁More ▁fam ously , ▁Kle ist ▁also ▁wrote , ▁" since ▁in ▁its ▁monot ony ▁and ▁bound less ness ▁it ▁has ▁no ▁for eground ▁except ▁the ▁frame , ▁when ▁view ing ▁it , ▁it ▁is ▁as ▁if ▁one ' s ▁e y el ids ▁had ▁been ▁cut ▁away ." ▁ ▁The ▁painting ▁was ▁too ▁minimal ist ▁for ▁Johann ▁Wolfgang ▁von ▁Go ethe , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁supp orter ▁of ▁Friedrich ▁by ▁introdu cing ▁his ▁work ▁to ▁the ▁du ke ▁of ▁We imar ▁and ▁ ▁gain ing ▁pri zes ▁for ▁him ▁at ▁an ▁ 1 8 0 5 ▁exhibition . ▁Go ethe ▁said ▁the ▁painting ▁" could ▁be ▁looked ▁at ▁standing ▁on ▁one ' s ▁head ", ▁making ▁a ▁criticism ▁that ▁would ▁be ▁lev ied ▁against ▁abstract ▁artists ▁a ▁century ▁later . ▁ ▁In flu ence ▁▁ ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea ▁inspired ▁responses ▁from ▁pain ters ▁like ▁Gust ave ▁Cour bet ▁and ▁James ▁Abb ott ▁Mc Ne ill ▁Wh ist ler ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁In ▁works ▁such ▁as ▁Gust ave ▁Cour bet ' s ▁The ▁Coast ▁Near |
▁Pal avas ▁a ▁l one ▁figure ▁is ▁dep icted ▁as ▁a ▁see ker , ▁similarly ▁exposed ▁and ▁looking ▁out ▁to ▁sea . ▁ ▁Friedrich , ▁though ▁a ▁Rom antic ▁painter , ▁had ▁a ▁significant ▁influence ▁on ▁later ▁Symbol ist ▁and ▁Expression ist ▁artists . ▁Franz ▁Marc ' s ▁Hor se ▁in ▁a ▁Land s cape ▁( 1 9 1 0 ) ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁formally ▁similar ▁to ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea . ▁Although ▁their ▁use ▁of ▁colour ▁is ▁at ▁two ▁extrem es , ▁both ▁paint ings ▁are ▁composition ally ▁simple , ▁with ▁und ulating ▁hor izont als ▁and ▁a ▁figure ▁that ▁looks ▁out ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁scene ▁as ▁the ▁vie wer . ▁In ▁his ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁article ▁" The ▁Abstract ▁Sub lime ", ▁the ▁art ▁historian ▁Robert ▁Rosen bl um ▁drew ▁compar isons ▁between ▁the ▁Rom antic ▁landscape ▁paint ings ▁of ▁both ▁Friedrich ▁and ▁Turner ▁with ▁the ▁Abstract ▁Expression ist ▁paint ings ▁of ▁Mark ▁Roth ko . ▁Rosen bl um ▁specifically ▁describes ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea , ▁Turner ' s ▁The ▁Even ing ▁Star ▁and ▁Roth ko ' s ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁Light , ▁Earth ▁and ▁Blue ▁as ▁reve aling ▁aff in ities ▁of ▁vision ▁and ▁feeling . ▁According ▁to ▁Rosen bl um , ▁" R oth ko , ▁like ▁Friedrich ▁and ▁Turner , ▁places ▁us ▁on ▁the ▁threshold ▁of ▁those ▁sh ap eless ▁infin ities ▁discussed ▁by ▁the ▁a est het icians ▁of ▁the ▁Sub lime . ▁The ▁tiny ▁mon k ▁in |
▁the ▁Friedrich ▁and ▁the ▁fish er ▁in ▁the ▁Turner ▁establish ▁a ▁po ign ant ▁contrast ▁between ▁the ▁infinite ▁vast ness ▁of ▁a ▁p ant he istic ▁God ▁and ▁the ▁infinite ▁small ness ▁of ▁His ▁cre atures . ▁In ▁the ▁abstract ▁language ▁of ▁Roth ko , ▁such ▁literal ▁detail — a ▁bridge ▁of ▁em path y ▁between ▁the ▁real ▁spect ator ▁and ▁the ▁presentation ▁of ▁a ▁trans c endent al ▁landscape — is ▁no ▁longer ▁necessary ; ▁we ▁ourselves ▁are ▁the ▁mon k ▁before ▁the ▁sea , ▁standing ▁sil ently ▁and ▁cont empl atively ▁before ▁these ▁huge ▁and ▁sound less ▁pictures ▁as ▁if ▁we ▁were ▁looking ▁at ▁a ▁sun set ▁or ▁a ▁moon lit ▁night ." ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁on , ▁Got th ard ▁Gra ub ner ' s ▁picture - size ▁col oured ▁c ush ions ▁or ▁" color - space ▁bodies " ▁were ▁also ▁inspired ▁by ▁Friedrich ' s ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea . ▁According ▁to ▁art ▁historian ▁Werner ▁Hof mann , ▁both ▁Gra ub ner ▁and ▁Friedrich ▁created ▁an ▁a est het ics ▁of ▁monot ony ▁as ▁a ▁counter part ▁to ▁the ▁a est het ics ▁of ▁variety ▁that ▁was ▁pre domin ant ▁before ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁B ör sch - S up an , ▁Hel mut ▁& ▁J ä hn ig , ▁Karl ▁Wilhelm , ▁ 1 9 7 3 : ▁Cas par ▁David ▁Friedrich . ▁Gem äl de , ▁D ruck graph ik ▁und |
▁bild m äß ige ▁Ze ich nungen . ▁Mun ich : ▁Pr est el ▁Verlag . ▁▁ ▁H eld , ▁Hein z - Ge org ▁H eld , ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Rom ant ik . ▁C ologne : ▁Dum ont . ▁▁ ▁Miller , ▁Philip ▁B . ▁( 1 9 7 4 ). ▁" An x iety ▁and ▁Ab stra ction : ▁Kle ist ▁and ▁Br ent ano ▁on ▁Cas par ▁David ▁Friedrich ." ▁Art ▁Journal ▁ 3 3 ( 3 ): 2 0 5 - 2 1 0 ▁ ▁Schul ze ▁Alt c appen berg , ▁H . ▁Th ., ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁An ▁der ▁Wie ge ▁der ▁Rom ant ik , ▁Cas par ▁David ▁Friedrich s ▁Jahres ze iten ▁von ▁ 1 8 0 3 . ▁Staat liche ▁Muse en ▁zu ▁Berlin . ▁▁ ▁Wolf , ▁Nor bert , ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Friedrich . ▁C ologne : ▁Tas chen . ▁▁ ▁Z sch o che , ▁Her rm ann , ▁Friedrich , ▁Cas par ▁David , ▁ 2 0 0 5 : ▁Die ▁Br ie fe . ▁Hamburg : ▁Conference Point ▁Verlag . ▁. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁Mon k ▁by ▁the ▁Sea ▁at ▁Al te ▁National gal erie ▁ ▁Category : Paint ings ▁by ▁Cas par ▁David ▁Friedrich ▁Category : 1 8 0 0 s ▁paint ings ▁Category : Paint ings ▁of ▁the ▁Al te ▁National gal erie ▁Category : W ater ▁in ▁art <0x0A> </s> ▁W US C - |
FM ▁is ▁a ▁student - run ▁college ▁radio ▁station ▁operating ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁South ▁Carolina ▁in ▁Columbia , ▁South ▁Carolina . ▁ ▁Pur pose ▁The ▁purpose ▁of ▁W US C - FM ▁is ▁to ▁" ed uc ate ▁and ▁inform ▁the ▁listener ▁and ▁the ▁DJ ▁by ▁providing ▁musical ▁divers ity , ▁information ▁regarding ▁student ▁life ▁and ▁community ▁events , ▁and ▁by ▁air ing ▁Public ▁Service ▁Ann oun c ements ." ▁It ▁is ▁not ▁related ▁to ▁K US C , ▁the ▁classical ▁radio ▁station ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Southern ▁California ; ▁the ▁two ▁institutions ▁happen ▁to ▁share ▁initial s . ▁ ▁Content ▁W US C - FM ▁is ▁a ▁free - format ▁non - com mer cial ▁educational ▁radio ▁station . ▁ ▁The ▁station ' s ▁policy ▁prohib its ▁playing ▁music ▁that ▁is ▁in ▁rotation ▁at ▁any ▁other ▁local ▁station , ▁or ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁on ▁the ▁Top ▁ 4 0 ▁charts ▁within ▁the ▁past ▁ 4 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁( This ▁rule ▁is ▁sometimes ▁ignored ▁for ▁special ▁events , ▁such ▁as ▁all - Be at les ▁week ends ▁or ▁week ends ▁devoted ▁to ▁the ▁music ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ). ▁ ▁Some ▁DJ s ▁have ▁special ty ▁shows , ▁handling ▁one ▁genre ▁such ▁as ▁sound tra cks , ▁hip - h op ▁music , ▁or ▁electronic ▁music . ▁ ▁DJ s ▁who ▁have ▁" free - format " ▁shows ▁are ▁required ▁to ▁play ▁three ▁gen res ▁of ▁music ▁during ▁their ▁show . ▁ ▁Free - format |
▁show ▁DJ s ▁are ▁also ▁required ▁to ▁grab ▁ 5 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁what ▁they ▁play ▁from ▁heavy ▁and ▁light ▁rotation . ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁South ▁Carolina . ▁ ▁W US C ▁is ▁govern ed ▁by ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Student ▁Publications ▁and ▁Communic ations , ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Student ▁Life , ▁the ▁Director ▁of ▁Student ▁Media , ▁and ▁the ▁US C ▁Board ▁of ▁Trust ees ▁( the ▁US C ▁Board ▁of ▁Trust ees ▁holds ▁the ▁station ' s ▁license ). ▁ ▁A ▁vast ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁DJ s ▁at ▁W US C ▁are ▁current ▁students ▁at ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁However , ▁the ▁station ▁allows ▁fac ulty , ▁staff , ▁and ▁W US C ▁al umn i ▁to ▁host ▁shows ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁One ▁particular ▁show , ▁Red ▁Bank ▁Bar ▁and ▁Gr ill , ▁has ▁been ▁a ired ▁off ▁and ▁on ▁since ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁only ▁show ▁that ▁is ▁three ▁hours ▁long ▁year - round ; ▁during ▁the ▁fall ▁and ▁spring ▁sem esters , ▁shows ▁are ▁two ▁hours ▁long ▁and ▁air ▁once ▁per ▁week . ▁ ▁During ▁summer ▁and ▁some ▁academic ▁breaks , ▁shows ▁become ▁three ▁hours ▁long . ▁ ▁Each ▁DJ ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁content ▁of ▁their ▁show , ▁and ▁several ▁of ▁the ▁shows ▁have ▁unique ▁names ▁and ▁them es . ▁ ▁Names ▁in ▁the ▁Spring ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁sem ester ▁include ▁" B itch ▁Sto le ▁My ▁Fish ", ▁" Con cord |
ia ▁Disc ourse ", ▁" B ill fred ▁in ▁the ▁N ii iii ight ii ii ii ii ime !" ▁( which ▁air s ▁on ▁Friday ▁m orn ings ), ▁" S ka ▁is ▁for ▁Su ck ers ", ▁and ▁" St ill ▁Question able ". ▁ ▁Some ▁notable ▁shows ▁over ▁the ▁years ▁have ▁included ▁Loc als ▁Only ▁( fe aturing ▁bands ▁from ▁South ▁Carolina , ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁and ▁Georgia ), ▁The ▁Columbia ▁Be et ▁( local ▁bands ▁played ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ), ▁the ▁Red ▁Bank ▁Bar ▁and ▁Gr ill ▁( an ▁alternative ▁country ▁program ), ▁The ▁Week end ▁K icker ▁( on ▁Friday ▁af tern o ons ), ▁Musical ▁Mut iny ▁( S und ay ▁af tern o ons ▁ 1 9 7 7 - 8 , ▁a ▁pro gen itor ▁of ▁experimental / m ash - up / sam pling /" diff icult " ▁sounds ; ▁" K no x ▁Abb ott " ▁was ▁doing ▁gu err illa ▁radio ▁about ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁before ▁it ▁would ▁become ▁fashion able ), ▁Metal ▁C ock ▁Radio ▁( an ▁all ▁heavy ▁metal ▁program ), ▁Orig ami ▁( the ▁station ' s ▁first ▁K - pop ▁programming ▁block ), ▁Bl ast ▁From ▁the ▁Past ▁( one ▁of ▁the ▁earliest ▁shows ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁more ▁es oter ic ▁music ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁first ▁a ired ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁and ▁featuring ▁groups ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁" Ch oc olate ▁Watch band " ▁and ▁" L |
oth ar ▁and ▁the ▁Hand ▁People "; ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁origin ator ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁had ▁graduated ▁and ▁moved ▁on , ▁more ▁recent ▁listen ers ▁remember ▁his ▁app rent ice , ▁Fre ew heel in ' ▁Frank ▁assuming ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁host ). ▁ ▁Some ▁notable ▁DJ s ▁have ▁included ▁Or lando ▁( from ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ), ▁Steven ▁Pra zak ▁( late ▁ 7 0 s - ear ly ▁ 8 0 s ), ▁Terry ▁Rosen ▁( mus ician ) ▁( j azz ▁programming , ▁late ▁ 7 0 s - ear ly ▁ 8 0 s ), ▁Uncle ▁Gram ▁( host ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁Bank ▁Bar ▁and ▁Gr ill ), ▁" K no x ▁Abb ott " ▁( host ▁of ▁Musical ▁Mut iny ), ▁Cla ir ▁De L une ▁( host ▁of ▁the ▁Blues ▁Moon ), ▁" Ar is " ▁( 7 0 ' s - 8 0 ' s ▁hosted ▁a ▁week end ▁show ▁of ▁folk / C elt ic / etc .), ▁ ▁Br ent ▁" St ud dog " ▁R iley ▁( a ▁long ▁time ▁al umn i ▁DJ ), ▁Marc ▁Min sk er ▁( The ▁Out side ▁Jazz ▁show ), ▁Brian ▁K ush era ▁( j azz ), ▁Ale c ▁Ed el son ▁( host ▁of ▁" Met al ▁C ock ▁Radio "), ▁Brian ▁Gla zer ▁( main ly ▁news / t alk , ▁but ▁did ▁music ▁shows , ▁too ), ▁Mark ▁Bry an ▁( gu itar ist ▁for ▁the |
▁band ▁H oot ie ▁and ▁the ▁B low fish ), ▁and ▁DJ s ▁B - Rad ▁and ▁Cad ence ▁( hosts ▁of ▁the ▁Sunday ▁night ▁show ▁" All ▁the ▁V ib es "). ▁ ▁History ▁W US C ▁began ▁as ▁an ▁AM ▁station ▁broadcast ing ▁at ▁ 6 4 0 k Hz ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁allocated ▁the ▁frequency ▁of ▁ 8 9 . 9 M Hz ▁but ▁moved ▁to ▁ 7 3 0 k Hz ▁in ▁the ▁ ▁mid ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁ ▁However , ▁its ▁first ▁broadcast ▁as ▁W US C - FM ▁was ▁not ▁until ▁January ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁at ▁ 9 1 . 9 M Hz . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁period ▁ 1 9 7 7 – 1 9 8 2 , ▁one ▁legal ▁station ▁ID ▁featured ▁a ▁bo oming ▁voice ▁author it atively ▁announ cing ▁the ▁station ' s ▁" 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁mic row att s ▁of ▁power ! ", ▁and ▁another ▁employed ▁tr ump et ▁fan fare ▁while ▁maj est ically ▁proc laim ing , ▁"... all ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁C ay ce ! ", ▁light - heart ed ▁j abs ▁at ▁the ▁limited ▁listening ▁range ▁of ▁the ▁ten ▁w att ▁signal . ▁ ▁After ▁" W US C , ▁Columbia ," ▁in ▁the ▁background ▁of ▁the ▁"... all ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁C ay ce |
!" ▁ID , ▁one ▁could ▁hear ▁a ▁very ▁laid - back ▁male ▁voice ▁ask ▁"... what ▁about ▁El gin ?" ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁ge ological ▁lay ▁of ▁the ▁land ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁the ▁station ' s ▁anten na , ▁the ▁ten ▁w att ▁signal ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁reach ▁listen ers ▁in ▁El gin , ▁SC ▁to ▁the ▁n ortheast , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁South ▁Cong are e , ▁SC ▁to ▁the ▁south west , ▁especially ▁on ▁cloud y ▁or ▁over cast ▁days , ▁even ▁though ▁W US C ' s ▁effective ▁radi ated ▁range ▁was ▁approximately ▁ 2 ▁miles . ▁ ▁El gin ▁and ▁South ▁Cong are e ▁are ▁town ships ▁situated ▁on ▁hills ▁at ▁approximately ▁the ▁same ▁elev ation ▁as ▁that ▁original ▁ten ▁w att ▁anten na , ▁so ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁inter ference ▁from ▁tall ▁buildings ▁or ▁other ▁hills , ▁and ▁the ▁frequency ▁mod ulation ▁wave ▁could ▁travel ▁un inter rupted ▁to ▁these ▁listen ers ' ▁rece ivers , ▁def ying ▁the ▁distance ▁limits . ▁ ▁Despite ▁its ▁weak ▁signal , ▁the ▁high ▁quality ▁station ▁management ▁and ▁music ▁programming ▁W US C ▁enjoyed ▁from ▁the ▁on set ▁of ▁its ▁lic ens ing ▁on ▁the ▁FM ▁band ▁established ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁powerful , ▁cutting ▁edge ▁musical ▁force ▁in ▁the ▁Gre ater ▁Columbia ▁area . ▁ ▁W US C ▁subscri bed ▁to ▁C M J ▁from ▁the ▁journal ' s ▁in ception ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 : ▁ ▁in ▁so ▁doing , ▁W US C ' s ▁ten ▁w att |
▁signal ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁a ▁few ▁brilliant ▁be a cons ▁scattered ▁across ▁the ▁national ▁map , ▁leading ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁the ▁revolution ary ▁under ground ▁music ▁scene ▁that ▁would ▁expl ode ▁across ▁America . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁cable ▁TV ▁added ▁MTV ▁to ▁its ▁line - up ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁a ▁significant ▁portion ▁of ▁those ▁cable ▁TV ▁subscri bers ▁in ▁Columbia , ▁SC ▁immediately ▁recognized ▁MTV ' s ▁" new " ▁national ▁artists ▁as ▁those ▁which ▁W US C ▁had ▁been ▁giving ▁regular ▁air play ▁since ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁a ▁rest ruct uring ▁of ▁F CC ▁law ▁regarding ▁low ▁power ▁stations ▁across ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁W US C ▁had ▁to ▁boost ▁its ▁signal ▁to ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 0 0 ▁w att s ▁or ▁lose ▁its ▁license ▁to ▁broadcast . ▁ ▁End ing ▁broadcast ▁was ▁never ▁considered ▁an ▁option ▁from ▁the ▁moment ▁the ▁F CC ▁announced ▁the ▁new ▁requirements , ▁as ▁W US C ▁had ▁made ▁its ▁ind el ible ▁mark ▁on ▁the ▁air ▁waves ▁in ▁Columbia , ▁recognized ▁as ▁a ▁unique ▁and ▁in valu able ▁contrib utor ▁to ▁the ▁surrounding ▁community . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁there ▁was ▁little ▁cost ▁difference ▁between ▁a ▁boost ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 ▁w att s ▁vs . ▁one ▁of ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁w att s — for ▁example , ▁the ▁station ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁vac ate ▁the ▁ 9 1 . 9 ▁frequency ▁once ▁its ▁signal |
▁exceed ed ▁ten ▁w att s , ▁regardless ▁how ▁powerful ▁the ▁new ▁signal ▁would ▁be — admin istr ators , ▁therefore , ▁made ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁signal ▁to ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁w att s . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁then ▁that ▁W US C - FM ▁moved ▁to ▁its ▁current ▁frequency ▁of ▁ 9 0 . 5 M Hz . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁of ▁this ▁new , ▁wider - re aching ▁phase ▁of ▁the ▁station ' s ▁existence , ▁W US C ▁was ▁led ▁by ▁Station ▁Manager , ▁Marc ▁F ink ; ▁Program ▁Director , ▁Art ▁Bo er ke ; ▁and ▁Music ▁Director , ▁Rick ▁" The ▁M uff in ▁Man " ▁Wiener : ▁this ▁team ▁instit uted ▁the ▁fifty ▁percent ▁new ▁music ▁policy , ▁ins uring ▁W US C ▁would ▁continue ▁its ▁established ▁role ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁Amer icas ▁best , ▁most ▁respect ed ▁college ▁radio ▁stations . ▁ ▁The ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁w att ▁signal ▁meant ▁that ▁special ty ▁programming , ▁such ▁as ▁Mass ive ▁Metal , ▁hosted ▁by ▁" D red ge ▁Sl ug ," ▁a ka ▁Carl ▁Sing master ▁( who ▁later ▁founded ▁Man ifest ▁Dis cs ▁and ▁T apes ), ▁could ▁now ▁easily ▁w aft ▁to ▁the ▁metal head s ▁all ▁throughout ▁Lex ington ▁County , ▁for ▁example . ▁ ▁In cre ased ▁listener ▁access ibility ▁from ▁this ▁significantly ▁more ▁powerful ▁signal ▁led ▁to ▁greater ▁regional ▁recognition ▁of ▁W US C , ▁rapidly ▁becoming ▁more ▁broad ly ▁popular ▁across ▁the |
▁Mid lands . ▁ ▁So on ▁W US C ▁was ▁involved ▁with ▁bringing ▁numerous ▁live ▁music ▁shows ▁to ▁Columbia . ▁ ▁W US C - FM ▁eventually ▁had ▁to ▁reduce ▁its ▁power ▁to ▁its ▁current ▁ 2 , 5 0 0 W ▁because ▁of ▁fr inge ▁inter ference ▁with ▁another ▁FM ▁station . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁W US C ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁Rol ling ▁Stone ▁Magazine , ▁referring ▁to ▁W US C ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁" The ▁T aste ▁Mak ers ", ▁in ▁the ▁College ▁Issue ▁of ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁Although ▁W US C ▁had ▁a ▁ 1 4 K ▁web stream ▁at ▁the ▁turn ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁century , ▁the ▁Digital ▁Mill en ni um ▁Copy right ▁Act ▁( DM CA ) ▁introduced ▁confusion ▁to ▁all ▁Non - com mer cial ▁educational ▁( N CE ) ▁radio ▁stations ▁shortly ▁afterwards . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁legal ▁issues ▁and ▁ex or bit ant ▁fe es ▁the ▁DM CA ▁threatened ▁to ▁imp ose , ▁hundreds ▁of ▁N CE ▁stations ▁susp ended ▁all ▁web stream ing ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ; ▁W US C ▁was ▁among ▁these ▁stations ▁sil enced ▁on ▁the ▁web . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁national ▁legisl ators ▁finally ▁modified ▁the ▁DM CA ▁such ▁that ▁N CE ▁stations ▁would ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁stream ▁music ▁and ▁other ▁copy right ed ▁material ▁at ▁a ▁reasonable ▁cost , ▁and ▁W US C - FM ▁has ▁been ▁streaming ▁its |
▁signal ▁over ▁the ▁Internet ▁regularly ▁ever ▁since . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁W US C - FM ▁upgrad ed ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁high - definition ▁digital ▁transmit ter ▁which ▁cost ▁$ 7 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁signal ▁provides ▁CD - quality ▁digital ▁audio ▁and ▁also ▁impro ves ▁reception ▁in ▁fr inge ▁areas . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁transmit ter ▁includes ▁a ▁data ▁channel ▁for ▁station ▁name , ▁names ▁of ▁songs ▁and ▁artists , ▁plus ▁other ▁information . ▁ ▁It ▁also ▁makes ▁it ▁possible ▁for ▁W US C ▁to ▁broadcast ▁several ▁channels ▁of ▁audio ▁simultaneously . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁W US C ▁spons ored ▁an ▁event ▁where ▁the ▁world ▁record ▁for ▁simultane ous ▁yo - yo ing ▁was ▁broken . ▁ ▁The ▁total ▁number ▁of ▁people ▁particip ating ▁in ▁the ▁event ▁was ▁ 9 3 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁shut down ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁W US C ▁was ▁shut ▁down ▁and ▁its ▁executive ▁staff ▁fired . ▁ ▁The ▁incident ▁came ▁after ▁Chris ▁Car roll , ▁who ▁was ▁US C ' s ▁Director ▁of ▁Student ▁Media ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁lev ied ▁several ▁alleg ations ▁against ▁the ▁station , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁station ' s ▁license ▁being ▁" flag ged " ▁by ▁the ▁F CC ▁for ▁rev ocation ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁air ing ▁of ▁a ▁song ▁by ▁the ▁band ▁P ans y ▁Division , ▁as ▁well ▁as |
▁several ▁secondary ▁viol ations . ▁ ▁( The ▁staff ▁later ▁learned ▁that ▁this , ▁among ▁several ▁other ▁alleg ations ▁by ▁Car roll , ▁was ▁unf ounded .) ▁ ▁Several ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁W US C ▁executive ▁staff ▁respond ed ▁by ▁public ly ▁critic izing ▁Car roll ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁administration ▁through ▁W US C , ▁The ▁Daily ▁Game cock ▁student ▁newspaper ▁and ▁other ▁local ▁media ▁out lets . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁executive ▁staff ▁was ▁removed ▁by ▁Jerry ▁Bre wer ▁and ▁Chris ▁Car roll , ▁and ▁the ▁station ▁was ▁operated ▁sole ly ▁by ▁Car roll . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁remained ▁off ▁the ▁air ▁for ▁a ▁brief ▁period ▁before ▁res uming ▁under ▁new ▁leadership ▁and ▁DJ s ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Student ▁Publications . ▁ ▁( A ▁few ▁DJ s ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁station ▁from ▁before , ▁but ▁many ▁were ▁either ▁not ▁invited ▁to ▁return ▁or ▁left ▁in ▁protest .) ▁ ▁Before ▁the ▁new ▁executive ▁staff ▁was ▁selected , ▁the ▁DJ s ▁were ▁allowed ▁to ▁play ▁what ▁they ▁wanted , ▁resulting ▁in ▁Top ▁ 4 0 ▁music ▁being ▁a ired ▁on ▁the ▁station . ▁ ▁However , ▁once ▁in ▁power , ▁the ▁new ▁staff ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁prior ▁music ▁policy . ▁ ▁But ▁the ▁damage ▁had ▁been ▁done , ▁and ▁the ▁station ▁was ▁also ▁dropped ▁as ▁a ▁rep orter ▁to ▁C M J , ▁which ▁charts ▁college ▁radio ▁air play . ▁ ▁Since ▁Car roll ' s ▁departure ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁the ▁station ▁has ▁moved ▁back ▁towards |
▁its ▁alternative / under ground ▁format , ▁which ▁had ▁the ▁station ▁listed ▁in ▁some ▁music ▁journ als ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁five ▁college ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁W US C - FM ' s ▁official ▁site ▁▁▁ ▁US C - FM ▁US C ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Category : M ass ▁media ▁in ▁Columbia , ▁South ▁Carolina <0x0A> </s> ▁Last ▁of ▁the ▁Summer ▁W ine ' s ▁second ▁series ▁originally ▁a ired ▁on ▁BBC 1 ▁between ▁ 5 ▁March ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁All ▁episodes ▁from ▁this ▁series ▁were ▁written ▁by ▁Roy ▁Clar ke ▁and ▁produced ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁Bernard ▁Thompson . ▁ ▁Although ▁ratings ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁series ▁were ▁not ▁good , ▁the ▁BBC ▁ordered ▁a ▁second ▁series ▁of ▁Last ▁of ▁the ▁Summer ▁W ine ▁after ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁a ired ▁but ▁were ▁delayed ▁due ▁to ▁strike ▁action . ▁The ▁second ▁series ▁was ▁eventually ▁produced ▁and ▁a ired ▁during ▁March ▁and ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁time , ▁series ▁ 2 ▁saw ▁two ▁episodes ▁make ▁it ▁into ▁the ▁top ▁ten ▁programs ▁of ▁the ▁week , ▁starting ▁with ▁the ▁opening ▁show , ▁" F ork ed ▁Light ning ," ▁which ▁was ▁watched ▁by ▁over ▁ 1 8 ▁million ▁people . ▁ ▁Jo ining ▁the ▁cast ▁this ▁season ▁was ▁Joe ▁Glad win ▁as ▁W ally ▁Bat ty , ▁N ora ▁Bat ty ' s ▁hen |
pe ck ed ▁husband . ▁Series ▁ 2 ▁would ▁also ▁mark ▁the ▁final ▁appearance ▁of ▁Bl am ire , ▁played ▁by ▁Michael ▁B ates , ▁who ▁left ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁series ▁due ▁to ▁health ▁problems . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁series ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁DVD ▁in ▁region ▁ 2 ▁as ▁a ▁combined ▁box ▁set ▁with ▁series ▁ 1 ▁on ▁ 2 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Out line ▁The ▁tri o ▁in ▁this ▁series ▁consisted ▁of : ▁ ▁First ▁appearances ▁ ▁W ally ▁Bat ty ▁( 1 9 7 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 - 1 9 8 7 ) ▁Miss ▁Pro bert ▁and ▁Miss ▁Jones ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁( B oth ▁these ▁two ▁characters ▁only ▁appeared ▁in ▁this ▁series ) ▁ ▁Last ▁appearances ▁ ▁Bl am ire ▁( 1 9 7 3 - 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ ▁Epis odes ▁ ▁DVD ▁release ▁The ▁box ▁set ▁for ▁series ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 2 ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁Universal ▁Play back ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Series ▁ 2 ▁at ▁TV . com ▁Series ▁ 2 ▁at ▁the ▁Internet ▁Movie ▁Database ▁ ▁Category : Last ▁of ▁the ▁Summer ▁W ine ▁series ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁British ▁television ▁seasons <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Crist ol ț el ▁is ▁a ▁left ▁trib ut ary ▁of ▁the ▁river ▁Sol ona ▁in ▁Roman ia . ▁It ▁dis charg es ▁into ▁the ▁Sol ona ▁near |
▁Sur du c . ▁Its ▁length ▁is ▁ ▁and ▁its ▁bas in ▁size ▁is ▁. ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Tr ase e ▁tur ist ice ▁j ude ț ul ▁S ă la j ▁▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Roman ia ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁S ă la j ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Saint - Pierre - la - G ar enne ▁is ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁E ure ▁department ▁in ▁Norm andy ▁in ▁northern ▁France . ▁ ▁Population ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Comm unes ▁of ▁the ▁E ure ▁department ▁ ▁References ▁IN SEE ▁ ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁E ure <0x0A> </s> ▁( liter ally : ▁" The ▁She ph erd ▁Boys "), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁, ▁is ▁a ▁Belg ian ▁cho ir ▁of ▁boys ▁and ▁men ▁based ▁in ▁Water lo o , ▁Belg ium . ▁It ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁conducted ▁by ▁Philippe ▁F av ette . ▁Their ▁re per toire ▁includes ▁works ▁of ▁sacred ▁music ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁songs ▁of ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Con cert s ▁and ▁events ▁▁ ▁Since ▁Christmas ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁Les ▁Past oure aux ▁tradition ally ▁perform ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁concert s ▁during ▁the ▁Christmas ▁and ▁hol iday ▁season , ▁in ▁Br uss els ▁( at ▁the ▁Centre ▁for ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁St . ▁Michael ▁and ▁St . ▁G ud ula ▁C athedral ) ▁and ▁in ▁Wall onia . ▁They ▁also ▁sing ▁at ▁various ▁music ▁festiv als , ▁such |
▁as ▁the ▁Festival ▁of ▁Wall onia ▁and ▁the ▁Festival ▁of ▁Fland ers . ▁Their ▁numerous ▁concert s ▁include ▁collabor ations ▁with ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁famous ▁bass - bar it one ▁José ▁van ▁Dam , ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁sop rano ▁Marie - No ël le ▁de ▁Call ata ÿ ▁and ▁the ▁American ▁sop rano ▁Jean ette ▁Thompson . ▁Les ▁Past oure aux ▁are ▁regularly ▁guests ▁of ▁private ▁events , ▁including ▁most ▁not ably ▁performances ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Palace ▁of ▁Br uss els ▁and ▁the ▁Royal ▁Castle ▁of ▁La eken ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁their ▁collaboration ▁to ▁the ▁official ▁show ▁for ▁the ▁change over ▁to ▁the ▁euro ▁( The ▁Euro ▁Bridge , ▁Br uss els , ▁ 3 1 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 1 ). ▁Besides , ▁they ▁are ▁often ▁called ▁on ▁for ▁wed d ings ▁cer emon ies . ▁On ▁several ▁occasions , ▁solo ists ▁of ▁Les ▁Past oure aux ▁have ▁taken ▁part ▁in ▁opera ▁produ ctions , ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Opera ▁of ▁Belg ium ▁La ▁Mon na ie ▁and ▁abroad . ▁ ▁They ▁represented ▁Belg ium ▁at ▁the ▁Euro vision ▁Ch oir ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁R iga , ▁Lat via . ▁ ▁Direct ors ▁of ▁Music ▁▁ 1 9 7 4 – 2 0 0 6 : ▁Bernard ▁P agn ier ▁ 2 0 0 6 – : ▁Philippe ▁F av ette ▁ ▁Summer ▁t ours ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁Les ▁Past oure aux ▁travel ▁on ▁a ▁two - three ▁week ▁international |
▁concert ▁tour ▁during ▁summer . ▁They ▁went ▁to ▁Argentina , ▁Austria , ▁Brazil , ▁Canada , ▁Colombia , ▁Czech ▁Republic , ▁France , ▁Germany , ▁Hung ary , ▁Italy , ▁Japan , ▁Luxemb ourg , ▁Poland , ▁Portugal , ▁Sloven ia , ▁Spain , ▁Sweden , ▁Switzerland ▁and ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁▁▁ ▁Les ▁Past oure aux . ▁Pet its ▁Ch ante urs ▁de ▁Water lo o ▁( LP , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Moz art , ▁B ux te h ude , ▁Ha end el , ▁Hay dn ▁( LP , ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ ▁Les ▁Past oure aux . ▁Pet its ▁Ch ante urs ▁de ▁Water lo o ▁( LP , ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁ ▁No ël ▁c ' est ▁l ' Am our ▁( LP , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁ ▁Sch ub ert , ▁Moz art , ▁B ux te h ude ▁( LP , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁ ▁Hay dn : ▁Nelson ▁Mass , ▁Sch ub ert : ▁Mass ▁in ▁G ▁Major ▁D 1 6 7 ▁( S ole il ▁Lev ant ) ▁ ▁Moz art : ▁Re qu iem ▁( S ole il ▁Lev ant ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Ch ants ▁de ▁No ël ▁( S ole il ▁Lev ant ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Moz art : ▁Cor on ation ▁Mass ▁K V 3 1 7 , ▁So lem n ▁V es pers ▁of ▁the |
▁Conf essor ▁K V ▁ 3 3 9 ▁( S ole il ▁Lev ant ▁ 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁Christmas ▁in ▁Water lo o ▁( S yr inx ▁Record ▁ 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁Les ▁Past oure aux ▁en ▁tourn ée ▁( S ole il ▁Lev ant ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Les ▁Past oure aux . ▁Pet its ▁Ch ante urs ▁de ▁Water lo o ▁( for ▁the ▁cho ir ' s ▁ 3 0 th ▁birth day , ▁So le il ▁Lev ant ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁L li bre ▁Verm ell ▁de ▁Mont ser rat ▁( with ▁the ▁early - music ▁instrument al ▁ensemble ▁Mill en arium , ▁Ps all entes ▁and ▁the ▁Ch œur ▁de ▁cham bre ▁de ▁Nam ur , ▁Ric er car ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁Beaut y ▁of ▁the ▁Earth ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Ar ound ▁the ▁World ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁F aur é : ▁Re qu iem ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁No ël ! ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Boys ' ▁cho ir ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁ – ▁mult iling ual ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Les ▁Past oure aux ▁page ▁at ▁The ▁Boy ▁Ch oir ▁& ▁Solo ists ▁Directory ▁( BC SD ) ▁ ▁Category : Cho irs ▁of ▁children ▁Category : Bo ys ' ▁and ▁men ' s ▁cho irs |
▁Category : Bel g ian ▁music ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁Les ▁Past oure aux <0x0A> </s> ▁K uv sh in sk aya ▁Sal ma ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( an ▁inhab ited ▁local ity ) ▁in ▁administrative ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁closed ▁administrative - ter rit orial ▁formation ▁of ▁Alexand rov sk ▁in ▁Mur m ansk ▁O blast , ▁Russia , ▁located ▁beyond ▁the ▁Ar ctic ▁Circle ▁at ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁ ▁above ▁sea ▁level . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Census , ▁it ▁had ▁no ▁recorded ▁population . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁Mur m ansk ▁O blast . ▁Reg istry ▁of ▁the ▁Administr ative - T er rit orial ▁Str ucture ▁of ▁Mur m ansk ▁O blast ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Mur m ansk ▁O blast <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁mathematics , ▁the ▁Pear ce y ▁integral ▁is ▁defined ▁as ▁▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Pear ce y ▁integral ▁is ▁a ▁class ▁of ▁canonical ▁diff raction ▁integr als , ▁often ▁used ▁in ▁wave ▁propag ation ▁and ▁optical ▁diff raction ▁problems ▁ ▁In ▁opt ics , ▁the ▁Pear ce y ▁integral ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁model ▁diff raction ▁effects ▁at ▁a ▁c us p ▁ca ust ic . ▁ ▁Graph s ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Special ▁functions <0x0A> </s> ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁( J uly ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁– ▁February ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 |
9 7 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁novel ist , ▁ess ay ist ▁and ▁aut obi ograph er . ▁ ▁Background ▁Edward ▁D ahl berg ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Boston , ▁Massachusetts ▁to ▁Elizabeth ▁D ahl berg . ▁T ogether , ▁mother ▁and ▁son ▁led ▁a ▁v ag ab ond ▁existence ▁until ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁when ▁she ▁operated ▁the ▁Star ▁Lady ▁Bar bers h op ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City . ▁Edward ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁a ▁Catholic ▁Or phan age ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁six ▁for ▁one ▁year . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁D ahl berg ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Jewish ▁Or phan ▁As yl um ▁in ▁Cleveland , ▁Ohio ▁where ▁he ▁lived ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 7 . ▁He ▁eventually ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁Ber keley ▁( 1 9 2 2 – 2 3 ) ▁and ▁Columbia ▁University ▁ ▁( B . S . ▁in ▁philosophy . ▁ 1 9 2 5 ). ▁ ▁Career ▁D ahl berg ▁en list ed ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁lost ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁an ▁eye ▁after ▁being ▁struck ▁with ▁a ▁rif le ▁but t . ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 2 0 s , ▁D ahl berg ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁exp atri ate ▁group ▁of ▁American ▁writers ▁living ▁in ▁Paris . ▁His ▁first ▁novel , ▁B ottom ▁D ogs , ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁his ▁child hood ▁experiences ▁at ▁the ▁or phan age ▁and |
▁his ▁travel s ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁West ; ▁it ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁London ▁with ▁an ▁introduction ▁by ▁D . H . ▁Lawrence . ▁With ▁his ▁advance ▁money , ▁D ahl berg ▁returned ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁res ided ▁in ▁Green wich ▁Village . ▁He ▁visited ▁Germany ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁where ▁he ▁wrote ▁anti - N azi ▁articles ▁for ▁the ▁London ▁Times ▁and ▁coun se led ▁many ▁German ▁intellect uals , ▁Jews , ▁commun ists ▁and ▁an arch ists ▁to ▁fle e ▁Germany . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁he ▁published ▁the ▁first ▁American ▁anti - N azi ▁novel , ▁Those ▁Who ▁Per ish . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁on wards , ▁D ahl berg ▁made ▁his ▁living ▁as ▁an ▁author ▁and ▁also ▁taught ▁at ▁various ▁colleg es ▁and ▁univers ities . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 4 4 - 1 9 4 8 ▁he ▁taught ▁at ▁Boston ▁University . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁he ▁taught ▁briefly ▁at ▁the ▁experimental ▁Black ▁Mountain ▁College . ▁He ▁was ▁replaced ▁on ▁the ▁staff ▁by ▁his ▁friend ▁and ▁fellow ▁author , ▁Charles ▁Ol son . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁years ▁as ▁an ▁exp atri ate ▁writer ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁Paris , ▁he ▁knew ▁Joy ce , ▁Beck ett , ▁O ' Case y , ▁Hem ing way , ▁F . ▁Scott ▁Fitz ger ald , ▁T . S . ▁Eli ot , ▁Ez ra ▁P ound , ▁Ye ats , ▁D . |
H . ▁Lawrence ▁and ▁many ▁others . ▁ ▁A ▁pro let arian ▁novel ist ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁a ▁sp okes man ▁for ▁a ▁fundamental ▁human ism ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 0 s , ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁member ▁and ▁editor ▁for ▁the ▁St ie gl itz ▁Group ▁which ▁promoted ▁human ▁rights ▁all ▁over ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁He ▁spoke ▁out ▁against ▁the ▁mist re at ment ▁of ▁African ▁Americans , ▁Ind igen ous ▁Americans , ▁( Native ▁Americans ), ▁Jews , ▁imm igr ants , ▁ ▁and ▁workers . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁ja iled ▁three ▁or ▁four ▁times ▁for ▁standing ▁up ▁to ▁in human ity . ▁ ▁For ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁years , ▁D ahl berg ▁devoted ▁himself ▁to ▁literary ▁study . ▁His ▁extensive ▁read ings ▁of ▁the ▁works ▁of ▁D ante , ▁Shakespeare , ▁Th ore au ▁and ▁many ▁others ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁writing ▁style ▁quite ▁different ▁from ▁the ▁social ▁real ism ▁that ▁character ized ▁his ▁earlier ▁writing . ▁ ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁island ▁of ▁Born holm ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁while ▁working ▁on ▁The ▁Fle a ▁of ▁S od om . ▁The ▁Sor rows ▁of ▁Pri ap us ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁becoming ▁his ▁most ▁successful ▁book ▁thus ▁far . ▁He ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁S ó ll er , ▁on ▁Mall or ca , ▁while ▁working ▁on ▁Because ▁I ▁Was ▁F lesh , ▁an ▁aut obi ography ▁which ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 |
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