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▁lot ▁to ▁time ▁and ▁money ▁The ▁Finn ish ▁d orm itory ▁will ▁be ▁no ▁substitute ▁for ▁the ▁children ' s ▁homes ▁ ▁The ▁question ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁vs . ▁d orm itory ▁is ▁resolved ▁The ▁board ▁of ▁the ▁mission ▁field ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁conclusion ▁that ▁establish ing ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁school ▁on ▁the ▁island ▁was ▁a ▁project ▁that ▁was ▁too ▁large ▁in ▁scale ▁to ▁be ▁undert aken ▁by ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁Mission ary ▁Society . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁felt ▁that ▁after ▁a ▁four - year ▁elementary ▁school ▁the ▁families ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Finland ▁in ▁order ▁that ▁the ▁children ▁could ▁proceed ▁with ▁their ▁education . ▁Also ▁the ▁bad ▁experiences ▁of ▁the ▁Norweg ians ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁were ▁taken ▁into ▁account . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁Mor r ison ▁was ▁widely ▁known ▁as ▁“ the ▁best ▁school ▁in ▁Asia .” ▁When ▁it ▁was ▁taken ▁into ▁account ▁that ▁the ▁Christian ▁world ▁view ▁of ▁this ▁school ▁was ▁similar ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁mission aries ▁and ▁that ▁at ▁Mor r ison ▁the ▁children ▁would ▁learn ▁“ the ▁univers ally ▁useful ▁English ▁language ”, ▁the ▁decision ▁was ▁made ▁that ▁the ▁children ▁would ▁attend ▁Mor r ison ▁and ▁live ▁in ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁d orm itory . ▁However , ▁even ▁as ▁late ▁as ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁mission ▁society ▁in ▁Finland ▁was ▁still ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁establish ing ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁school ▁on ▁the ▁island . ▁ ▁Prem ises ▁ ▁First ▁prem ises ▁The ▁d orm itory ▁began ▁its ▁operation ▁in |
▁r ented ▁prem ises ▁in ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁with ▁Miss ▁Urs ula ▁Z id beck ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁and ▁only ▁Finn ish ▁employee . ▁The ▁prem ises ▁were ▁small , ▁but ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁six ▁students ▁had ▁their ▁own ▁room , ▁and ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁located ▁within ▁a ▁few ▁minutes ’ ▁walk ▁from ▁the ▁d orm itory . ▁Thus ▁the ▁students ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁for ▁their ▁l unch es . ▁ ▁Second ▁prem ises ▁In ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁Miss ▁Pir jo ▁La ht i , ▁a ▁business ▁college ▁gradu ate , ▁replaced ▁Z id beck . ▁During ▁La ht i ' s ▁ten ure , ▁Mor r ison ▁Academy ▁had ▁to ▁re loc ate , ▁as ▁the ▁city ▁z oning ▁was ▁changed ▁and ▁a ▁main ▁road ▁was ▁planned ▁right ▁across ▁the ▁campus . ▁The ▁school ▁moved ▁to ▁an ▁area ▁outside ▁the ▁city ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁and ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁d orm itory ▁like wise ▁moved ▁to ▁a ▁place ▁near er ▁the ▁new ▁location , ▁again ▁into ▁r ented ▁prem ises . ▁The ▁distance ▁to ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁now ▁ca . ▁five ▁kilom eters . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁the ▁mission ▁field ▁applied ▁for ▁money ▁from ▁the ▁mission ▁society ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁purchase ▁a ▁lot ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁d orm itory . ▁The ▁board ▁of ▁the ▁mission ▁field ▁agreed ▁with ▁the ▁suggestion ▁from ▁Mor r ison ▁that ▁they ▁build ▁the |
▁d orm itory ▁on ▁campus , ▁on ▁a ▁lot ▁given ▁to ▁them . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁advantages ▁of ▁this ▁decision ▁was ▁that ▁the ▁d orm ▁would ▁be ▁in ▁an ▁area ▁that ▁was ▁guard ed ▁by ▁the ▁school . ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁great ▁advantage ▁in ▁a ▁country ▁where ▁the ft s ▁were ▁quite ▁common . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁still ▁operated ▁in ▁r ented ▁prem ises , ▁a ▁new ▁couple ▁from ▁Finland , ▁Se ppo ▁and ▁Mar ja - Li isa ▁S alk o , ▁arrived ▁in ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁to ▁Taiwan ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁d orm itory . ▁The ▁mission aries ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁had ▁requested ▁specifically ▁for ▁this ▁kind ▁of ▁a ▁couple . ▁The ▁plan ▁was ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁begin ▁immediately ▁at ▁the ▁d orm , ▁but ▁as ▁they ▁had ▁just ▁had ▁a ▁baby , ▁they ▁spent ▁their ▁first ▁year ▁in ▁language ▁school , ▁and ▁Pir jo ▁La ht i ▁continued ▁at ▁the ▁d orm . ▁The ▁S alk os ▁began ▁in ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁in ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁and ▁Miss ▁La ht i ▁took ▁on ▁other ▁respons ib ilities ▁in ▁Taiwan . ▁ ▁P erman ent ▁prem ises ▁The ▁mission ▁board ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁bought ▁a ▁tri angular ▁lot ▁from ▁Mor r ison ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁d orm itory . ▁It ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁so - called ▁Fac ulty ▁Row . ▁When ▁making ▁plans ▁for ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁building , ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁mission |
aries ▁turned ▁to ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁private ▁school ▁in ▁Sw ak op mund , ▁Nam ib ia . ▁The ▁head master ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁in ▁Sw ak op mund , ▁Mr . ▁Ju h ani ▁O lan ter ä ▁sent ▁some ▁suggestions ▁in ▁a ▁letter ▁he ▁wrote ▁to ▁the ▁Fin ns ▁in ▁Taiwan . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁several ▁tw ists ▁and ▁turns ▁in ▁the ▁planning ▁of ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁building . ▁The ▁first ▁plans ▁were ▁made ▁for ▁a ▁building ▁that ▁turned ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁too ▁large ▁for ▁the ▁lot . ▁The ▁floor ▁plan ▁also ▁caused ▁disag re ements ▁within ▁the ▁body ▁of ▁Finn ish ▁mission aries . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁excess ively ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁ent ran ces , ▁at ▁least ▁five ▁of ▁them ▁into ▁the ▁main ▁building , ▁caused ▁controvers ies . ▁In ▁the ▁end ▁it ▁was ▁Se ppo ▁S alk o ▁who ▁said ▁the ▁last ▁word ▁on ▁the ▁floor ▁plan . ▁The ▁building ▁included ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁sa una , ▁separate ▁bath rooms ▁for ▁boys ▁and ▁girls , ▁and ▁next ▁to ▁these , ▁a ▁room ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁children ▁could ▁play . ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁the ▁boys ’ ▁bath room ▁was ▁changed ▁into ▁a ▁piano ▁room , ▁which ▁was ▁sound proof ▁and ▁was ▁accessed ▁from ▁the ▁room ▁designated ▁for ▁children ' s ▁playing . ▁The ▁floor ▁plan ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁Su omen ▁K uv ale ht i ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁The |
▁construction ▁work ▁also ▁had ▁quite ▁a ▁few ▁turns . ▁A ▁change ▁was ▁announced ▁in ▁city ▁z oning ▁reg ulations , ▁to ▁take ▁effect ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁and ▁only ▁those ▁buildings ▁that ▁had ▁a ▁roof ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁were ▁allowed ▁to ▁be ▁completed . ▁The ▁mission ▁headquarters ▁made ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁build ▁the ▁house ▁only ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁construction ▁was ▁begun ▁on ▁ 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁official ▁reg ulations ▁on ▁building ▁were ▁complex , ▁and ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁these ▁difficulties , ▁S alk o ▁only ▁spoke ▁Mand arin ▁Chinese , ▁whereas ▁the ▁construction ▁workers ▁spoke ▁the ▁Taiwan ese ▁dialect . ▁The ▁city ▁z oning ▁necess itated ▁a ▁special ▁permit , ▁and ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁everything ▁else , ▁the ▁constructor ▁was ▁eng ulf ed ▁in ▁g amb ling ▁deb ts ▁and ▁left ▁the ▁work ▁un fin ished . ▁Finally ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁completed ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁residents ▁could ▁move ▁in . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁the ▁prem ises ▁were ▁de emed ▁too ▁small ▁for ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁children ▁and ▁ad oles c ents ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁d orm , ▁and ▁thus ▁a ▁store house ▁on ▁the ▁lot ▁was ▁converted ▁into ▁two ▁additional ▁rooms ▁during ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁that ▁year . ▁The ▁students ▁who ▁lived ▁there ▁from ▁then ▁on ▁were ▁mainly ▁high school ers , ▁boys ▁and ▁girls ▁in ▁altern ating |
▁years . ▁ ▁Emp loy ees ▁ ▁Emp loy ees ▁during ▁ 1 9 6 8 – 8 5 ▁ ▁P erman ent ▁employees ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁ ▁P erman ent ▁employees ▁during ▁ 1 9 8 5 – 9 7 ▁ ▁At mos phere ▁and ▁the ▁daily ▁routine ▁during ▁ 1 9 7 3 – 1 9 8 0 ▁According ▁to ▁I j äs , ▁the ▁atmosphere ▁in ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁that ▁was ▁taken ▁to ▁use ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁was ▁that ▁of ▁a ▁normal ▁home . ▁“ There ▁was ▁a ▁direct ▁entrance ▁[ i . e . ▁a ▁door ] ▁from ▁the ▁bed room ▁of ▁the ▁employees ▁to ▁the ▁living room .” ▁Later , ▁by ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁this ▁door ▁was ▁no ▁longer ▁in ▁use . ▁Otherwise ▁the ▁hom eli ke ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁evident ▁in ▁the ▁text iles ▁used , ▁in ▁that ▁there ▁were ▁flowers ▁in ▁the ▁building ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁institution ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁any ▁kinds ▁of ▁written ▁rules , ▁none ▁what so ever . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁tasks ▁for ▁the ▁S alk os ▁was ▁maintain ing ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁identity . ▁This ▁was ▁facil itated ▁e . g . ▁by ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁children ▁had ▁their ▁own ▁sur rog ate ▁“ grand m other ”, ▁that , ▁is ▁Mar ja - Li isa ▁S alk o ' s ▁mother ▁Mar j atta ▁Ra ul amo , ▁who ▁came ▁twice ▁on ▁extended ▁vis its , |
▁first ▁for ▁three ▁months ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁and ▁then ▁for ▁the ▁entire ▁school ▁year ▁ 1 9 7 6 – 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁the ▁students ▁varied ▁from ▁four ▁students ▁in ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁to ▁ 2 2 ▁students ▁in ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁The ▁ages ▁were ▁between ▁ 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 ▁years ▁of ▁age . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁also ▁Chinese ▁employees , ▁usually ▁two , ▁one ▁who ▁helped ▁in ▁clean ing ▁the ▁house ▁and ▁another ▁whose ▁task ▁it ▁was ▁to ▁prepare ▁food . ▁ ▁I j äs ▁quotes ▁from ▁Mar j atta ▁Ra ul amo ▁the ▁“ working ▁schedule ” ▁of ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁following : ▁▁ 6 . 3 0 ▁a . m . ▁A unt ▁Mar ja - Li isa ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ma ids ▁go ▁to ▁the ▁kitchen ▁to ▁prepare ▁breakfast . ▁ 7 . 0 0 ▁a . m . ▁Children ▁are ▁w oken ▁up ▁by ▁Uncle ▁Se ppo , ▁as ▁he ▁plays ▁some ▁beautiful ▁spiritual ▁music ▁either ▁from ▁an ▁LP ▁record ▁or ▁from ▁a ▁c ass ette ▁t ape . ▁ 6 . 3 0 ▁a . m . ▁A ▁morning ▁h ymn ▁is ▁s ung , ▁and ▁Uncle ▁Se ppo ▁holds ▁a ▁morning ▁dev otion , ▁then ▁everyone ▁e ats ▁with ▁great ▁app et ite . ▁Then ▁hands |
▁are ▁was hed ▁and ▁the ▁hair ▁of ▁the ▁“ Str u ww el p eters ” ▁are ▁com bed , ▁sho es ▁are ▁put ▁on , ▁and ▁the ▁children ▁dash ▁off ▁to ▁school . ▁The ▁Chinese ▁ma ids ▁are ▁involved ▁in ▁kitchen ▁work , ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁one ▁comes ▁to ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁at ▁ 8 ▁a . m . ▁A unt ▁Mar ja - Li isa ▁and ▁grand m other ▁make ▁the ▁b eds , ▁and ▁the ▁whole ▁home ▁is ▁restored ▁to ▁order , ▁la und ry ▁will ▁be ▁was hed ▁and ▁other ▁ch ores ▁attended ▁to . ▁When ▁the ▁a unt ▁and ▁uncle ▁do ▁not ▁have ▁to ▁drive ▁to ▁town , ▁Se ppo ▁eng ages ▁himself ▁either ▁in ▁written ▁works ▁or ▁building ▁and ▁rem od eling . ▁ 1 1 . 3 0 ▁a . m . ▁The ▁children ▁come ▁back ▁for ▁a ▁Chinese ▁l unch ▁prepared ▁by ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ma ids . ▁After ▁the ▁me al ▁the ▁ma ids ▁ret ire ▁for ▁a ▁si esta . ▁ 2 . 0 0 ▁p . m . ▁Af ternoon ▁coffee ▁is ▁prepared . ▁ 3 . 0 0 ▁p . m . ▁The ▁children ▁return ▁from ▁school , ▁full ▁of ▁energy . ▁After ▁a ▁sn ack ▁and ▁a ▁drink ▁each ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁children ▁finds ▁something ▁to ▁do , ▁home work , ▁music ▁practice , ▁hand ic raft s ▁or ▁play . ▁ 5 . 3 0 ▁p . m . ▁A ▁Finn ish ▁dinner ▁is ▁served , ▁after ▁which |
▁the ▁children ▁go ▁back ▁to ▁their ▁activities . ▁ 6 . 0 0 ▁p . m . ▁The ▁ma ids ▁leave ▁for ▁the ▁day . ▁ 7 . 0 0 ▁p . m . ▁It ▁is ▁already ▁completely ▁dark , ▁so ▁the ▁children ▁like ▁to ▁gather ▁to ▁the ▁living room , ▁from ▁which ▁they ▁go ▁off ▁to ▁evening ▁show er , ▁girls ▁and ▁boys ▁starting ▁on ▁alternative ▁basis . ▁After ▁the ▁show er ▁they ▁listen ▁to ▁Uncle ▁Se ppo , ▁who ▁reads ▁them ▁stories . ▁Then ▁follows ▁an ▁evening ▁h ymn ▁and ▁pray ers . ▁The ▁evening ▁me al ▁can ▁be ▁e aten ▁before ▁or ▁after ▁the ▁evening ▁gather ing . ▁ 9 . 0 0 ▁p . m . ▁Sil ence . ▁ ▁Inst ruction ▁given ▁in ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁ ▁Inst ruction ▁during ▁Urs ula ▁Z id beck ’ s ▁ten ure ▁During ▁Miss ▁Z id beck ' s ▁it ▁seems ▁that ▁little ▁instruction ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁children ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory . ▁Less ons ▁in ▁Finn ish ▁history , ▁ge ography ▁and ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁language ▁were ▁given ▁for ▁one ▁hour ▁on ▁four ▁days ▁of ▁the ▁week . ▁Each ▁evening ▁Finn ish ▁stories ▁or ▁books ▁for ▁children ▁and ▁ad oles c ents ▁were ▁read ▁al oud , ▁and ▁an ▁evening ▁dev otion ▁was ▁held ▁before ▁the ▁smallest ▁children ▁were ▁due ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁bed . ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁there ▁was ▁the ▁following ▁programme ▁during ▁the ▁week : ▁ ▁T ues day : ▁Finn ish ▁children ' |
s ▁and ▁fol ks ongs ▁were ▁s ung . ▁Wed nes day : ▁evening ▁programme ▁prepared ▁by ▁Finn ish ▁mission aries ▁who ▁were ▁studying ▁in ▁language ▁school ▁in ▁Ta ich ung . ▁Th urs days : ▁a ▁night ▁of ▁fun , ▁including ▁games , ▁songs , ▁and ▁cont ests . ▁ ▁The ▁older ▁students ▁read ▁the ▁Seven ▁brothers ▁by ▁Aleks is ▁K ivi , ▁the ▁smaller ▁children ▁were ▁engaged ▁in ▁hand ic raft s , ▁and ▁stories ▁were ▁read ▁to ▁them , ▁songs ▁were ▁s ung , ▁and ▁the ▁children ▁read ▁on ▁their ▁own . ▁The ▁reading ▁activity ▁was ▁ham per ed ▁by ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁suitable ▁books , ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁books ▁available ▁were ▁those ▁that ▁Miss ▁Z id beck ▁owned ▁personally ▁from ▁the ▁time ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁attended ▁elementary ▁and ▁secondary ▁school . ▁ ▁Inst ruction ▁during ▁Pir jo ▁La ht i ’ s ▁ten ure ▁During ▁Pir jo ▁La ht i ' s ▁ten ure ▁the ▁instruction ▁seems ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁as ▁mod est ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁during ▁her ▁prede cess or ' s ▁time . ▁However , ▁no ▁information ▁concerning ▁the ▁instruction ▁was ▁file d ▁in ▁any ▁arch ives . ▁She ▁tried ▁to ▁hold ▁less ons ▁in ▁Finn ish ▁history , ▁but ▁the ▁older ▁students ▁were ▁not ▁interested ▁in ▁this ▁subject ▁matter . ▁St ories ▁were ▁read ▁al oud ▁to ▁the ▁younger ▁children . ▁Finn ish ▁flag ▁days ▁were ▁observed . ▁ ▁Inst ruction ▁during ▁the ▁S alk os ’ ▁ten ure ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 0 |
▁During ▁the ▁S alk os ’ ▁ten ure ▁books ▁used ▁in ▁Finn ish ▁compreh ensive ▁schools ▁were ▁obtained . ▁At ▁first ▁Finn ish ▁instruction ▁was ▁given ▁on ▁S atur days , ▁on ▁those ▁week ends ▁when ▁the ▁children ▁did ▁not ▁go ▁to ▁their ▁homes , ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁an ▁arrangement ▁was ▁arrived ▁at ▁with ▁Mor r ison , ▁according ▁to ▁which ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁instruction ▁for ▁elementary ▁and ▁middle ▁school ers ▁was ▁arranged ▁during ▁the ▁school ▁days . ▁Element ary ▁school ▁classes ▁were ▁taught ▁by ▁Mar ja - Li isa ▁S alk o , ▁and ▁middle ▁school ▁classes ▁by ▁Se ppo ▁S alk o . ▁In ▁middle ▁school , ▁these ▁less ons ▁were ▁held ▁during ▁the ▁hours ▁when ▁the ▁children ▁had ▁elect ive ▁classes . ▁However , ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁children ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁choice ▁in ▁this ▁matter . ▁ ▁Inst ruction ▁of ▁Finn ish ▁history ▁In ▁high ▁school ▁at ▁Mor r ison , ▁there ▁were ▁two ▁comp uls ory ▁subjects ▁in ▁social ▁studies ▁that ▁all ▁students ▁normally ▁had ▁to ▁take . ▁These ▁were ▁US ▁History ▁and ▁US ▁Government ▁and ▁Life . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁it ▁was ▁agreed ▁with ▁Mor r ison ▁that ▁Finn ish ▁students ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁take ▁only ▁one ▁of ▁these ▁subjects , ▁while ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁they ▁took ▁a ▁comp uls ory ▁course ▁in ▁Finn ish ▁history . ▁This ▁involved ▁ 1 6 0 ▁hours ▁of ▁study , ▁and ▁the ▁ex ams ▁were ▁given ▁by ▁the ▁K aur ial a |
▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Hä me en lin na , ▁Finland , ▁via ▁correspond ence . ▁ ▁Inst ruction ▁of ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Inst ruction ▁of ▁the ▁Swedish ▁language ▁was ▁begun ▁already ▁when ▁Sim o ▁and ▁Tar ja ▁Lip ast i ▁took ▁care ▁of ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁on ▁a ▁temporary ▁basis ▁during ▁ 1 9 7 5 – 1 9 7 6 . ▁The ▁study ▁materials ▁were ▁ordered ▁from ▁Finland . ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁a ▁Swedish ▁speaking ▁Finn , ▁Miss ▁Gun illa ▁St å hl , ▁a ▁mission ary ▁with ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁C oven ant ▁Church ▁provided ▁the ▁instruction . ▁The ▁text books ▁were ▁obtained ▁from ▁Finland . ▁As ▁the ▁time ▁period ▁exam ined ▁by ▁I j äs ▁ends ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁possible ▁to ▁say ▁how ▁long ▁the ▁instruction ▁in ▁Swedish ▁last ed . ▁ ▁Other ▁subjects ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁Other ▁subjects ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁included ▁ge ography , ▁Finn ish ▁nature ▁and ▁Finn ish ▁civ ics . ▁The ▁text books ▁included ▁e . g . ▁books ▁by ▁L app al ain en ▁called ▁Per us ma ant iet o ▁( ‘ The ▁Bas ics ▁of ▁Geography ’ ) ▁and ▁L app al ain en ▁et ▁al ., ▁K ans ala ist ait o ▁ja ▁y mp är ist ö opp i ▁ 3 – 4 . ▁( ‘ C iv ics ▁and ▁environmental ▁aw aren ess ▁ 3 – |
4 ’ ). ▁ ▁Support ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Finland ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁Miss ions ▁Council , ▁to ▁which ▁The ▁Finn ish ▁Mission ary ▁Society ▁also ▁belongs , ▁wrote ▁an ▁initi ative ▁to ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Education , ▁asking ▁that ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁Finland ▁give ▁financial ▁support ▁to ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁children ▁whose ▁parents ▁were ▁abroad ▁in ▁mission ary ▁work ▁and ▁who ▁were ▁of ▁the ▁age ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁had ▁comp uls ory ▁education . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Education ▁informed ▁the ▁miss ions ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁all otted ▁m one ys ▁for ▁this ▁purpose , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁the ▁Ministry ▁gave ▁orders ▁on ▁how ▁exp atri ate ▁Finn ish ▁children ' s ▁school ing ▁would ▁be ▁given ▁financial ▁assistance ▁from ▁Finland . ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁this , ▁The ▁Finn ish ▁Mission ary ▁Society ▁sent ▁its ▁first ▁application ▁to ▁the ▁Ministry ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁and ▁this ▁resulted ▁in ▁financial ▁aid ▁of ▁ 8 0 ▁ 0 0 0 ▁Finn ish ▁Mark s ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁education ▁of ▁Finn ish ▁children ▁in ▁Nam ib ia , ▁Eth iop ia ▁and ▁Taiwan . ▁After ▁this , ▁the ▁mission ▁society ▁sent ▁an ▁application ▁to ▁the ▁min istry ▁every ▁year . ▁ ▁This ▁financial ▁aid ▁was ▁used ▁for ▁complement ary ▁education ▁in ▁Finn ish ▁and / or ▁Swedish ▁language , ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁sal aries ▁of ▁the ▁teachers , ▁for ▁study ▁materials , |
▁ma iling ▁exp enses ▁of ▁the ▁study ▁materials ▁and ▁for ▁other ▁exp enses . ▁ ▁Poss ib ilities ▁of ▁further ▁education ▁The ▁possibilities ▁of ▁further ▁study ▁in ▁Finland ▁was ▁something ▁that ▁the ▁Mission ▁Society ▁wanted ▁to ▁find ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁Hels ink i ▁University ▁stated ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁not ▁give ▁anyone ▁a ▁right ▁to ▁study ▁at ▁the ▁university ▁sole ly ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁di pl oma ▁from ▁Mor r ison . ▁Gr adu ates ▁from ▁Mor r ison ▁should ▁first ▁be ▁accepted ▁into ▁some ▁foreign ▁university ▁of ▁similar ▁institution , ▁which ▁issued ▁doctor ' s ▁degrees . ▁After ▁that ▁a ▁Mor r ison ▁gradu ate ▁could ▁apply ▁for ▁Hels ink i ▁University ▁as ▁a ▁foreign ▁student . ▁It ▁turned ▁out ▁that ▁each ▁university ▁or ▁institution ▁of ▁higher ▁learning ▁in ▁Finland ▁had ▁its ▁own ▁rules ▁and ▁reg ulations ▁on ▁the ▁matter . ▁By ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁Finn ish ▁gradu ates ▁from ▁Mor r ison ▁was ▁ 1 7 , ▁and ▁six ▁of ▁them ▁studied ▁in ▁Finn ish ▁univers ities ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁four ▁had ▁graduated ▁from ▁institutions ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁described ▁as ▁college ▁level , ▁and ▁two ▁studied ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Two ▁former ▁students ▁had ▁themselves ▁become ▁mission aries ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁. ▁ ▁H obb ies ▁ ▁Music ▁The ▁music ▁teachers ▁at ▁Mor r ison ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁teach ▁students ▁to ▁play ▁almost ▁any ▁instrument . ▁Thus ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁students ▁of |
▁the ▁Finn ish ▁d orm itory ▁played ▁various ▁instruments . ▁Many ▁of ▁them ▁played ▁both ▁the ▁piano ▁and ▁some ▁other ▁instrument . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁ 1 4 ▁students ▁played ▁the ▁piano , ▁and ▁at ▁times ▁there ▁were ▁as ▁many ▁as ▁three ▁pian os ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory , ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁students ▁could ▁practice . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁instruments ▁included ▁the ▁viol in , ▁the ▁c ello , ▁the ▁fl ute , ▁the ▁clar inet , ▁the ▁ob oe , ▁the ▁tr ump et , ▁the ▁sa x oph one , ▁and ▁the ▁bar it one ▁horn . ▁When ▁there ▁were ▁a ▁significant ▁number ▁of ▁music ▁students ▁living ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory , ▁an ▁or chestra ▁was ▁formed , ▁led ▁by ▁Mar ja - Li isa ▁S alk o . ▁They ▁performed ▁mainly ▁in ▁the ▁d orm itory ' s ▁Christmas ▁and ▁spring ▁festiv ities ▁and ▁at ▁some ▁events ▁at ▁Mor r ison . ▁ ▁Mor r ison ▁had ▁several ▁orch est ras ▁and ▁br ass ▁bands , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁students ▁also ▁played , ▁and ▁also ▁several ▁cho irs ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁sang . ▁ ▁Sports ▁From ▁middle ▁school ▁on , ▁it ▁was ▁possible ▁eng age ▁in ▁ext rac urr icular ▁sports ▁at ▁Mor r ison . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁events ▁included ▁s occer , ▁basketball , ▁and ▁athlet ics . ▁Training ▁in ▁these ▁sports ▁took ▁place ▁after ▁the ▁school ▁day , ▁and ▁matches ▁and ▁meets ▁were ▁arranged ▁between ▁Mor r ison , |
▁on ▁the ▁one ▁hand , ▁and ▁Chinese ▁schools ▁and ▁other ▁American ▁schools ▁on ▁the ▁island , ▁on ▁the ▁other . ▁ ▁Other ▁h obb ies ▁Other ▁h obb ies ▁included ▁h ik ing ▁in ▁the ▁mountains , ▁which ▁was ▁done ▁on ▁a ▁regular ▁basis . ▁It ▁seems ▁that ▁phot ography ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁popular ▁h ob by , ▁as ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁had ▁its ▁own ▁dark room ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁on . ▁The ▁school ▁also ▁provided ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁purs ue ▁this ▁h ob by , ▁as ▁both ▁a ▁newspaper ▁and ▁a ▁year book ▁were ▁published ▁every ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁girls ▁had ▁both ▁a ▁drama ▁club ▁and ▁a ▁Bible ▁study ▁group . ▁The ▁boys ▁played ▁intr am ural ▁tournament s ▁in ▁table ▁tennis , ▁in ▁which ▁championship ▁of ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁was ▁determined . ▁The ▁younger ▁girls ▁were ▁also ▁active ▁in ▁girl ▁gu ides ▁and ▁the ▁younger ▁boys ▁had ▁an ▁Indian ▁club ▁and ▁a ▁father - son ▁club . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁a ▁group ▁from ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁went ▁to ▁Tai pe i ▁to ▁cheer ▁for ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁women ' s ▁s occer ▁team , ▁which ▁participated ▁in ▁an ▁international ▁tournament ▁involving ▁teams ▁from ▁ 1 3 ▁countries . ▁ ▁Home ▁even ings ▁At ▁least ▁during ▁the ▁school ▁year ▁ 1 9 7 8 – 7 9 , ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁so - called ▁“ home ▁evening ” ▁after ▁sa una . ▁The ▁children ▁were ▁divided ▁into ▁groups , ▁and ▁on |
▁each ▁night ▁one ▁group ▁would ▁organ ize ▁some ▁kind ▁of ▁a ▁programme ▁for ▁the ▁entertain ment ▁of ▁all . ▁ ▁Fest iv ities ▁and ▁other ▁occasions ▁ ▁Fest iv ities ▁during ▁the ▁school ▁C ertain ▁fest ive ▁occasions ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁normal ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁d orm itory , ▁mainly ▁Christmas ▁celebr ation ▁and ▁a ▁spring ▁event ▁to ▁mark ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁year . ▁The ▁latter ▁coinc ided ▁with ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Mor r ison ▁school ▁year ▁and ▁their ▁gradu ation ▁cer emon ies . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁time ▁period ▁described ▁by ▁I j äs , ▁a ▁“ F inn ish ▁evening ” ▁was ▁arranged ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁for ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁students ▁in ▁elementary ▁and ▁middle ▁school ▁and ▁their ▁teachers . ▁Also ▁the ▁closest ▁neighb ours , ▁the ▁personnel ▁of ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁d orm itory , ▁were ▁invited ▁for ▁an ▁evening ▁in ▁October . ▁I j äs ▁says ▁that ▁co operation ▁and ▁mut ual ▁aid ▁treat y ▁of ▁sorts ▁existed ▁between ▁these ▁two ▁d orm itories . ▁ ▁The ▁Finn ish ▁Independ ence ▁Day ▁was ▁celebrated ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁way ▁as ▁in ▁Finland , ▁with ▁the ▁flag ▁of ▁Finland ▁and ▁with ▁blue ▁and ▁white ▁cand les , ▁i . e . ▁cand les ▁with ▁the ▁colours ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁flag . ▁ ▁Special ▁occasions ▁outside ▁the ▁school ▁During ▁Christmas ▁hol id ays ▁an ▁event ▁called ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ▁Day ' s ▁songs ▁were ▁arranged ▁for ▁those ▁Fin ns ▁who ▁lived ▁in ▁Ta ich |
ung . ▁This ▁event ▁highlight ed ▁the ▁coh es ion ▁of ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁community ▁in ▁town . ▁Also ▁the ▁e ve ▁of ▁Mid sum mer ▁was ▁observed ▁with ▁the ▁Ta ich ung ▁Fin ns . ▁ ▁During ▁July , ▁the ▁Taiwan ▁Mission ary ▁Fellow ship ▁was ▁arranged ▁in ▁Ta ich ung ▁for ▁all ▁mission aries ▁in ▁Taiwan , ▁and ▁the ▁Fin ns ▁were ▁accommod ated ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁during ▁these ▁meet ings . ▁ ▁The ▁d orm itory ▁after ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁After ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁transition , ▁the ▁main ▁change ▁being ▁that ▁the ▁smallest ▁children ▁were ▁no ▁longer ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁in ▁Ta ich ung , ▁but ▁by ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁allowed ▁to ▁attend ▁the ▁Mor r ison ▁branch ▁schools , ▁mainly ▁in ▁Ka oh si ung ▁and ▁in ▁Tai pe i , ▁and ▁they ▁could ▁now ▁live ▁at ▁home ▁with ▁their ▁parents . ▁ ▁There ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁new ▁reg ulation ▁concerning ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁employees ▁of ▁the ▁d orm itory : ▁their ▁work ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁was ▁now ▁limited ▁to ▁two ▁terms . ▁In ▁practice , ▁this ▁rule ▁was ▁viol ated ▁almost ▁immediately , ▁when ▁Se ppo ▁and ▁Mar ja - Li isa ▁S alk o ▁were ▁sent ▁for ▁their ▁fourth ▁term ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁Supp or ters ▁of ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁In ▁his ▁ 1 9 7 |
8 ▁book ▁Te ht ä vä ▁A asi assa ▁( ’ A ▁Mission ▁in ▁Asia ’ ), ▁T ap ani ▁Ru ok an en ▁says ▁that ▁the ▁following ▁Finn ish ▁con greg ations ▁and ▁organizations ▁supported ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁finan cially ▁at ▁that ▁time : ▁The ▁V iro la ht i , ▁M ä nt t ä , ▁R ist ij är vi ▁con greg ations ▁and ▁the ▁K ale va ▁con greg ation ▁from ▁T amp ere , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁Te ach ers ▁Mission ▁Union ▁in ▁Finland . ▁ ▁Sus pic ions ▁of ▁ped oph ilia ▁in ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁Mission ary ▁Society ▁released ▁news ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁commission ed ▁study ▁into ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁d orm itory ▁in ▁Taiwan . ▁The ▁study ▁was ▁conducted ▁by ▁an ▁independent ▁expert ▁group ▁called ▁Met odi ▁Team ▁Inc . ▁The ▁study ▁was ▁commission ed ▁because ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁w ards ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁had ▁psych ological ▁problems . ▁The ▁team ▁interview ed ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 ▁persons , ▁of ▁whom ▁roughly ▁a ▁third ▁had ▁lived ▁at ▁the ▁d orm itory , ▁and ▁roughly ▁half ▁had ▁been ▁employed ▁by ▁the ▁F MS ▁in ▁Taiwan . ▁The ▁study ▁showed ▁that ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁w ards ▁had ▁been ▁sex ually ▁ab used ▁in ▁their ▁child hood . ▁ ▁At ▁first ▁the ▁F MS ▁requested ▁a ▁police ▁investigation , ▁but ▁soon ▁they ▁found ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁a ▁party |
▁in ▁the ▁matter , ▁at ▁least ▁not ▁from ▁a ▁jud icial ▁point ▁of ▁view , ▁and ▁they ▁with d rew ▁the ▁request . ▁ ▁Investig ations ▁and ▁articles ▁by ▁Su omen ▁K uv ale ht i ▁The ▁Finn ish ▁new sm ag azine ▁Su omen ▁K uv ale ht i ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁several ▁articles ▁on ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁d orm itory ▁in ▁Ta ich ung . ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁articles ▁appeared ▁on ▁ 8 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁on ▁the ▁e ve ▁of ▁the ▁F MS ▁annual ▁convention , ▁which ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁the ▁following ▁day . ▁ ▁A ▁journalist ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁new sm ag azine ▁travel led ▁to ▁Taiwan ▁to ▁investigate ▁the ▁d orm itory , ▁the ▁alleg ed ▁scene ▁of ▁crime , ▁which ▁ ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁police ▁had ▁not ▁done ; ▁they ▁merely ▁interview ed ▁persons ▁who ▁were ▁acquaint ed ▁with ▁the ▁place . ▁It ▁turned ▁out ▁that ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁house ▁was ▁“ 3 5 0 ▁m ², ▁it ▁felt ▁large , ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁lab yr inth - like ▁place , ▁the ▁walls ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁brick , ▁and ▁the ▁rooms ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁children ▁had ▁lived ▁had ▁air condition ing . ▁A bove ▁the ▁ce iling ▁there ▁was ▁an ▁empty ▁att ic , ▁where ▁a ▁man ▁could ▁stand ▁up ▁straight . ▁The ▁journalist ▁P es onen ▁had ▁walked ▁from ▁one ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁house ▁to ▁the ▁other , ▁and ▁no ▁one ▁below ▁had ▁noticed ▁his ▁movements |
. ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁witness , ▁in ▁the ▁living ▁room ▁one ▁could ▁not ▁hear ▁what ▁was ▁going ▁on ▁at ▁the ▁other ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁house .” ▁ ▁Su omen ▁K uv ale ht i ▁had ▁interview ed ▁two ▁formed ▁residents ▁of ▁the ▁d orm itory , ▁who ▁said ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁ab used ▁sex ually ▁while ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁d orm itory . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁this , ▁the ▁parents ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁these ▁former ▁students ▁had ▁been ▁interview ed . ▁ ▁The ▁new sm ag azine ▁had ▁several ▁questions ▁it ▁directed ▁at ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁police : ▁▁ ▁Why ▁was ▁the ▁d orm itory ▁and ▁other ▁scenes ▁not ▁investig ated ▁[ by ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁police ] ? ▁ ▁Why ▁did ▁the ▁authorities ▁not ▁interview ▁all ▁the ▁witness es ▁and ▁all ▁the ▁comp lain ants ? ▁ ▁Why ▁has ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁evidence ▁[ ex hib its ] ▁has ▁disappeared ? ▁ ▁Why ▁did ▁the ▁authorities ▁not ▁obtain ▁tele phone ▁records ▁and ▁why ▁the ▁thre ats ▁made ▁were ▁not ▁investig ated ? ▁ ▁Why ▁were ▁the ▁statements ▁made ▁by ▁psych iat rist s ▁not ▁given ▁full ▁consideration ? ▁ ▁Why ▁was ▁the ▁statement ▁made ▁by ▁a ▁police ▁psych ologist ▁given ▁the ▁most ▁weight , ▁when ▁he ▁himself ▁considered ▁himself ▁not ▁qualified ▁[ to ▁give ▁such ▁a ▁statement ] ? ▁ ▁Why ▁did ▁[ the ▁authorities ] ▁not ▁search ▁for ▁the ▁medical ▁files ▁of ▁the ▁comp lain ants ▁and ▁other ▁vict ims ▁and ▁why ▁were ▁they ▁not ▁investig ated ? ▁ ▁Why |
▁was ▁the ▁chief ▁investig ator ▁dismiss ed ▁from ▁this ▁case ▁and ▁assigned ▁to ▁other ▁duties ? ▁ ▁Why ▁was ▁the ▁case ▁not ▁given ▁over ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Investig ation ▁and ▁the ▁Inter pol ? ▁ ▁Why ▁was ▁the ▁fact ▁dismiss ed ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁case ▁of ▁serial ▁off ences , ▁that ▁is , ▁the ▁perpet rat ors ▁repeated ▁their ▁acts ▁in ▁a ▁similar ▁way ▁in ▁similar ▁places ? ▁ ▁Why ▁did ▁the ▁person ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁in qui ries ▁express ▁doub ts ▁about ▁the ▁mental ▁san ity ▁of ▁the ▁comp lain ants , ▁even ▁though ▁he ▁had ▁not ▁met ▁them ▁in ▁person ?” ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Year books ▁of ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁Mission ary ▁Society ▁ 1 9 6 9 – 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁* ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁Category : Christ ian ▁schools ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁Category : Primary ▁schools ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁Category : E ducation ▁in ▁Ta ich ung ▁Category : M orr ison ▁Academy <0x0A> </s> ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁ 6 2 nd ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁page ant , ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 9 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁at |
▁the ▁Cro cus ▁City ▁Hall , ▁K ras nog or sk , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Moscow , ▁Russia . ▁Oliv ia ▁C ul po ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁crown ed ▁her ▁successor ▁Gab ri ela ▁Is ler ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁event . ▁ 8 6 ▁contest ants ▁competed ▁for ▁the ▁crown . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁P lac ements ▁{ | ▁class =" wik itable ▁sort able " ▁style =" font - size : 9 5 %; " ▁| - ▁ ▁! ▁Final ▁results ▁! ▁Cont est ant ▁| - ▁| Miss ▁Un iverse ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁| ▁▁ ▁– ▁Gab ri ela ▁Is ler ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 st ▁Run ner - Up ▁| ▁▁ ▁– ▁Pat ric ia ▁Y ur ena ▁Rod rig uez ▁| - ▁| ▁ 2 nd ▁Run ner - Up ▁ ▁| ▁▁ ▁– ▁Const anza ▁B á ez ▁| - ▁| ▁ 3 rd ▁Run ner - Up ▁| ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ari ella ▁Ar ida § ''' | - ▁| ▁ 4 th ▁Run ner - Up | ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jak ely ne ▁O live ira ▁| - ▁| ▁Top ▁ 1 0 | ▁▁ ▁– ▁Y ar itza ▁Re yes ▁▁ ▁– ▁Amy ▁Will erton ▁▁ ▁– ▁Man asi ▁M og he ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ol ga ▁St or oz hen ko ▁▁ ▁– ▁Er in ▁Br ady ▁| - ▁| ▁Top ▁ 1 6 | ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jin ▁Ye ▁▁ ▁– ▁Fab iana ▁Gran ados ▁▁ ▁– ▁Wh |
ul and ary ▁H erman ▁▁ ▁– ▁N ast ass ja ▁Boliv ar ▁▁ ▁– ▁Mon ic ▁Pérez ▁▁ ▁– ▁Domin ique ▁R inder k ne cht ▁| - ▁| } § ▁- ▁V oted ▁into ▁the ▁Top ▁ 1 6 ▁by ▁view ers ▁ ▁Cont est ants ▁ 8 6 ▁deleg ates ▁have ▁been ▁selected ▁to ▁comp ete ▁in ▁this ▁year : ▁ ▁Jud ges ▁Pre lim inary ▁competition ▁ ▁Ir ina ▁Ag al ar ova ▁– ▁Russian ▁fashion ▁icon ▁ ▁Cor in ne ▁Nicolas ▁– ▁model ing ▁industry ▁veter an ▁ ▁David ▁Pero z zi ▁– ▁Em my - n omin ated ▁producer ▁and ▁journalist ▁ ▁A lic ia ▁Qu ar les ▁– ▁New ▁York - based ▁correspond ent ▁for ▁E ! ▁News ▁ ▁Gabriel ▁River a - Bar ra za ▁– ▁fashion ▁public ist ▁and ▁phil anth rop ist ▁ ▁Jose ▁Sar iego ▁– ▁Senior ▁Vice ▁President ▁of ▁Business ▁and ▁Leg al ▁Affairs ▁for ▁Te lem undo ▁Media ▁ ▁El ena ▁Sem ik ina ▁– ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Canada ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁Final ▁tele cast ▁ ▁Carol ▁Alt ▁– ▁American ▁model ▁and ▁actress , ▁host ▁of ▁Fox ▁News ▁program ▁A ▁Health y ▁You ▁& ▁Carol ▁Alt ▁ ▁Ital o ▁Font ana ▁– ▁Italian ▁watch maker , ▁founder ▁of ▁U - Bo at ▁Watch es ▁ ▁Philipp ▁Kir kor ov ▁– ▁Russian ▁pop ▁singer ▁ ▁T ara ▁Lip in ski ▁– ▁retired ▁American ▁figure ▁sk ater , ▁Olympic ▁gold ▁medal ist ▁ ▁Nob u ▁M ats uh isa |
▁– ▁Japanese ▁celebr ity ▁chef ▁and ▁restaur ateur ▁ ▁Far ou k ▁Sh ami ▁– ▁Palest in ian - American ▁business man , ▁founder ▁of ▁professional ▁hair ▁care ▁products ▁company ▁Far ou k ▁Systems ▁ ▁Steven ▁Ty ler ▁– ▁lead ▁vocal ist ▁of ▁A eros m ith , ▁former ▁American ▁Id ol ▁judge ▁ ▁Anne ▁V yal its yna ▁– ▁Russian ▁model , ▁coach ▁for ▁O xygen ▁reality ▁show ▁The ▁Face ▁ ▁Notes ▁Deb uts ▁ ▁Returns ▁ ▁Last ▁competed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 : ▁ ▁Last ▁competed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 : ▁ ▁Last ▁competed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 : ▁▁▁ ▁Design ations ▁▁ ▁– ▁Dor is ▁Hof mann ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁represent ▁Austria , ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁runner - up ▁at ▁the ▁Miss ▁Austria ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁page ant . ▁▁ ▁– ▁A ys el ▁M ana f ova ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁represent ▁A zer ba ij an ▁by ▁Ar as ▁Ag al ar ov , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁organiz ers ▁of ▁the ▁page ant , ▁she ▁was ▁previously ▁Miss ▁A zer ba ij an ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁▁ ▁– ▁Cec ilia ▁I ft ik har ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁represent ▁Den mark ▁by ▁L ene ▁M emb org , ▁national ▁director ▁of ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁in ▁Den mark . ▁Cec ilia ▁was ▁previously ▁Miss ▁Earth ▁Den mark ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁▁ ▁– ▁Anne - Jul ia ▁H agen ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁" Miss |
▁Un iverse ▁Germany ▁ 2 0 1 3 " ▁after ▁a ▁casting ▁call ▁took ▁place . ▁She ▁was ▁Miss ▁Germany ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁▁ ▁– ▁An ast asia ▁S idi rop oul ou ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁" Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Greece ▁ 2 0 1 3 " ▁by ▁V ass ilis ▁Pre vel ak is , ▁national ▁director ▁of ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁in ▁Greece . ▁An ast asia ▁was ▁previously ▁" Miss ▁Young ▁ 2 0 1 0 " ▁( Miss ▁Te en ▁Greece ). ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ay ger im ▁K oz h ak an ova ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁represent ▁Kaz akh stan , ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁contest ant ▁at ▁the ▁Miss ▁Kaz akh stan ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁page ant . ▁▁ ▁– ▁Tr ư ơ ng ▁Th ị ▁May ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁" Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Vietnam ▁ 2 0 1 3 " ▁by ▁Un ic orp , ▁the ▁license ▁holder ▁of ▁the ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Organ ization ▁in ▁Vietnam . ▁ ▁Rep lac ements ▁▁ ▁– ▁Den ise ▁G arr ido ▁was ▁crown ed ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Canada ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁during ▁the ▁page ant ▁final s ▁but ▁was ▁stri pped ▁of ▁the ▁crown ▁after ▁a ▁few ▁hours ▁when ▁the ▁organization ▁discovered ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁typo ▁error ▁in ▁the ▁ratings ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁ 5 ▁entries , ▁which ▁significantly ▁impact ed ▁the ▁final ▁results ▁of ▁the ▁competition . ▁The ▁official ▁winner ▁was ▁then ▁announced ▁to ▁be ▁R iza ▁Santos , ▁who ▁was ▁previously |
▁placed ▁as ▁first ▁runner - up . ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁instance ▁of ▁this ▁type ▁of ▁error ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 ▁years ▁that ▁Beaut ies ▁of ▁Canada ▁( BO C ) ▁has ▁produced ▁the ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Canada ▁page ant . ▁G arr ido ▁has ▁actually ▁ranked ▁as ▁third ▁runner - up . ▁– ▁Hin ar ani ▁de ▁L on ge aux ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁represent ▁France , ▁by ▁the ▁Miss ▁France ▁Organ ization ▁as ▁a ▁replacement ▁to ▁Marine ▁L orph elin , ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁Miss ▁France ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁page ant , ▁ ▁who ▁placed ▁ 1 st ▁Run ner - up ▁at ▁Miss ▁World ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁was ▁in el ig ible ▁to ▁comp ete ▁for ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁L on ge aux ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁runner - up ▁at ▁the ▁Miss ▁France ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁page ant . ▁▁ ▁– ▁Nikol ina ▁Bo j ic ▁was ▁crown ed ▁Miss ▁Ser bia ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁but ▁was ▁d eth ron ed ▁after ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁married . ▁Aleks andra ▁Dok nic ▁( pre viously ▁Miss ▁Ser bia ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁for ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ) ▁took ▁her ▁place ▁as ▁Miss ▁Ser bia ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁for ▁Miss ▁World , ▁while ▁Ana ▁V rc el j ▁became ▁new ▁Miss ▁Ser bia ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁for ▁Miss ▁Un iverse . ▁ ▁With draw |
als ▁▁ ▁– ▁F ior al ba ▁D iz d ari ▁with d rew ▁due ▁to ▁Kos ovo ▁not ▁being ▁able ▁to ▁comp ete . ▁▁ ▁– ▁No ▁contest ▁held ▁▁ ▁– ▁The ▁date ▁for ▁Star ▁Cy pr us ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁conflic ted ▁with ▁Miss ▁Un iverse . ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jan eta ▁K erd ik osh v ili ▁did ▁not ▁particip ate ▁because ▁of ▁unexpected ▁health ▁problems . ▁However , ▁she ▁represented ▁the ▁country ▁at ▁the ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁▁ ▁– ▁The ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Ireland ▁page ant ▁was ▁res ch eduled ▁for ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁▁ ▁– ▁Mir j eta ▁Sh ala ▁with d rew ▁because ▁she ▁wasn ' t ▁able ▁to ▁enter ▁Russia ▁as ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁recognize ▁Kos ovo ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁country . ▁Mir j eta ▁represented ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁the ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁▁ ▁– ▁Nik ole ta ▁J ovan ović ▁with d rew ▁as ▁she ▁did ▁not ▁meet ▁the ▁minimum ▁age ▁requirements . ▁▁ ▁– ▁No ▁contest ▁held ▁ ▁''' ▁– ▁M ica ela ▁Or si ▁with d rew ▁because ▁her ▁vis a ▁application ▁was ▁denied ▁by ▁the ▁Russian ▁Emb ass y ▁and ▁for ▁some ▁disag re ements ▁about ▁her ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁national ▁director . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers ies ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Andy ▁C ohen , ▁who ▁is ▁open ly ▁gay , ▁decl ined ▁to ▁co - host ▁the ▁page |
ant , ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁country ' s ▁recent ▁ad option ▁of ▁anti - g ay ▁laws . ▁An ▁Internet ▁pet ition ▁was ▁also ▁started ▁for ▁the ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Organ ization ▁to ▁re loc ate ▁the ▁page ant ▁from ▁Moscow ▁due ▁to ▁these ▁laws ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁human ▁rights ▁concerns . ▁ ▁MS N BC ▁anchor ▁Thomas ▁Roberts , ▁also ▁open ly ▁gay , ▁took ▁on ▁hosting ▁duties . ▁While ▁he ▁condem ned ▁Russia ▁for ▁its ▁anti - g ay ▁law , ▁he ▁stated ▁his ▁belief ▁that ▁his ▁presence ▁in ▁Russia ▁would ▁make ▁for ▁a ▁more ▁effective ▁statement ▁against ▁Russian ▁hom oph ob ia ▁than ▁boy cot ting . ▁ ▁Years ▁after ▁the ▁event , ▁the ▁owner ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁Donald ▁Trump , ▁is ▁involved ▁in ▁an ▁on going ▁controvers y ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁page ant ▁in ▁Russia . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁beauty ▁page ants ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Category : Be aut y ▁page ants ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : Nov ember ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁events ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : Events ▁in ▁Moscow <0x0A> </s> ▁T arm o ▁J alla i ▁( 3 0 ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁Est onian ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁ath lete ▁who ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympic ▁Games ▁in ▁Ath ens ▁where ▁he ▁finished ▁in ▁ 3 7 |
th ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁ 1 1 0 ▁metres ▁hur d les ▁event . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁T art u , ▁Est onia , ▁J alla i ▁attended ▁schools ▁in ▁his ▁native ▁country ▁before ▁studying ▁at ▁Texas ▁A & M ▁University – K ings ville ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁where ▁he ▁competed ▁for ▁the ▁school ▁on ▁the ▁men ' s ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁team , ▁the ▁J avel inas ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁J alla i ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁X al apa ▁G ala ▁Ban ame x ▁Ver ac ru z ▁and ▁broke ▁the ▁Est onian ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 1 0 ▁metres ▁hur d les ▁in ▁ 1 3 . 6 2 ▁seconds ▁- ▁a ▁record ▁that ▁is ▁still ▁un bro ken ▁by ▁a ▁fellow ▁coun tr yman . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 3 rd ▁Univers ia de ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁European ▁Athletics ▁Championships ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁I A AF ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics . ▁ ▁T arm o ▁J alla i ▁currently ▁res ides ▁in ▁his ▁h omet own ▁of ▁T art u . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : E ston ian |
▁male ▁hur d lers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁athlet es ▁of ▁Est onia ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁T art u ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁T art u ▁al umn i ▁Category : Tex as ▁A & M ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : World ▁Athletics ▁Championships ▁athlet es ▁for ▁Est onia <0x0A> </s> ▁Type ▁ 7 1 0 2 ▁is ▁a ▁Chinese ▁mines we eper ▁developed ▁for ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Liber ation ▁Army ▁Navy ▁( PL AN ), ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 0 s , ▁it ▁has ▁already ▁been ▁retired ▁from ▁active ▁service ▁from ▁PL AN . ▁ ▁Type ▁ 7 1 0 2 ▁is ▁designed ▁to ▁supp lement ▁or ▁replace ▁earlier ▁Type ▁ 0 5 8 , ▁which ▁despite ▁its ▁successful ▁development , ▁failed ▁to ▁enter ▁service ▁in ▁large ▁numbers . ▁The ▁reason ▁Type ▁ 0 5 8 ▁did ▁not ▁enter ▁large ▁production ▁is ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁construction ▁material , ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁mang an ese - al umin ium ▁based ▁low - mag net ic ▁steel , ▁was ▁extremely ▁difficult ▁to ▁process ▁because ▁the ▁limitation ▁of ▁Chinese ▁industrial ▁and ▁technical ▁cap ability ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁an ▁alternative ▁was ▁sought ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁decided ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁fi berg lass - h ul led ▁mines we eper , ▁which ▁was ▁designated ▁as ▁Type ▁ 7 1 0 |
2 . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁begun ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁at ▁Wu hu ▁Sh ip yard ▁( <0xE8> <0x8A> <0x9C> 湖 造 <0xE8> <0x88> <0xB9> <0xE5> <0x8E> <0x82> ), ▁the ▁prede cess or ▁of ▁the ▁Wu hu ▁X in li an ▁Sh ip building ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁( <0xE8> <0x8A> <0x9C> 湖 新 联 造 <0xE8> <0x88> <0xB9> 有 限 公 司 ), ▁and ▁after ▁two ▁and ▁half ▁a ▁year , ▁the ▁boat ▁was ▁launched ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁From ▁April ▁through ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁both ▁river ine ▁and ▁sea ▁tri als ▁were ▁completed ▁at ▁the ▁Yang t ze ▁River . ▁▁ ▁The ▁mines we eper ▁was ▁formally ▁handed ▁over ▁to ▁PL AN ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁but ▁only ▁a ▁single ▁unit ▁was ▁built , ▁and ▁has ▁since ▁retired ▁from ▁active ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Chinese ▁n avy . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M ines we ep ers ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Liber ation ▁Army ▁Navy <0x0A> </s> ▁Israel ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics ▁from ▁August ▁ 2 7 ▁to ▁September ▁ 5 ▁in ▁Da egu , ▁South ▁Korea . ▁ ▁Team ▁selection ▁ ▁A ▁team ▁of ▁ 5 ▁athlet es ▁was ▁announced ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁the ▁event . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁athlet es ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁pre lim inary ▁Entry ▁List , ▁but ▁not ▁on ▁the ▁Official ▁Start ▁List ▁of ▁the ▁specific ▁event , ▁resulting ▁in |
▁a ▁total ▁number ▁of ▁ 4 ▁compet itors : ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Men ▁ ▁Women ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁local ▁organ ising ▁committee ▁website ▁Official ▁I A AF ▁competition ▁website ▁ ▁Category : N ations ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics ▁ 2 0 1 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Q ing da o ▁J ia oz hou ▁Bay ▁T unnel ▁is ▁an ▁under - se a ▁road ▁tunnel ▁located ▁in ▁Sh and ong ▁Province ▁in ▁eastern ▁China . ▁It ▁cross es ▁under ne ath ▁J ia oz hou ▁Bay , ▁connecting ▁Hu ang da o ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁with ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Q ing da o ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁( see ▁map ) ▁at ▁the ▁narrow ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁bay . ▁It ▁starts ▁at ▁Tu anda o ▁Road ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁and ▁ends ▁between ▁Be iz hu ang ▁village ▁and ▁H ouch aw an ▁village ▁on ▁X ue j ia ▁Island ▁in ▁the ▁south . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁began ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁was ▁completed ▁five ▁years ▁later ▁when ▁it ▁opened ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁two ▁months ▁after ▁the ▁scheduled ▁opening ▁date . ▁It ▁opened ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁as ▁the ▁nearby ▁J ia oz hou ▁Bay ▁Bridge , ▁considered ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁world ' s ▁longest ▁open ▁water ▁bridge ▁by ▁Gu in ness ▁World ▁Records . ▁The ▁bridge ▁and ▁tunnel ▁were ▁planned ▁together ▁as ▁the ▁J ia |
oz hou ▁Bay ▁Connection ▁Project . ▁ ▁The ▁cont igu ous ▁length ▁of ▁the ▁tunnel ▁road ▁is ▁about ▁, ▁part ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁under ground ▁and ▁part ▁under ▁the ▁sea . ▁The ▁sub - se a ▁portion ▁is ▁. ▁The ▁deep est ▁point ▁of ▁the ▁crown ▁of ▁the ▁t ube ▁to ▁sea ▁level ▁is ▁ 7 4 ▁meters . ▁The ▁deep est ▁water ▁depth ▁is ▁ 4 2 ▁meters . ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁tub es ▁of ▁three ▁lan es ▁each ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁six ▁lan es . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T oll ▁t unn els ▁in ▁China <0x0A> </s> ▁Nikol ai ▁Ivan ov ich ▁K uz net so v ▁() ▁( J uly ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁– ▁March ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁Soviet ▁intelligence ▁agent ▁and ▁part isan ▁who ▁operated ▁in ▁Naz i - occup ied ▁Ukraine ▁( Re ich sk omm iss ariat ▁Ukraine ) ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁and ▁who ▁personally ▁killed ▁six ▁high - ran king ▁German ▁officials . ▁His ▁file ▁is ▁still ▁not ▁fully ▁dis closed ▁and ▁will ▁be ▁held ▁until ▁ 2 0 2 5 ▁in ▁the ▁F SB ▁arch ives . ▁It ▁was ▁not ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁that ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁officially ▁recognized ▁as ▁a ▁NK VD ▁ ▁agent . ▁He ▁used ▁several ▁pseud onym s ▁during ▁his ▁intelligence ▁operations : ▁e . g . ▁Rudolf ▁Schmidt , ▁Nikol ai ▁Vas ile v it |
sh ▁Gra chev ▁( Н и кола й ▁Василь евич ▁Гра чё в ) ▁and ▁Ober le ut nant ▁Paul ▁Sie bert . ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁post hum ously ▁awarded ▁the ▁title ▁Hero ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁ ▁Biography ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁born ▁into ▁a ▁pe asant ▁family ▁of ▁Russian ▁eth nic ity ▁in ▁Perm ▁Governor ate ▁( present - day ▁Sver d lov sk ▁O blast ). ▁He ▁studied ▁forest ry ▁in ▁a ▁technical ▁school ▁and , ▁after ▁discover ing ▁his ▁lingu istic ▁tal ents , ▁learned ▁the ▁German , ▁Es per anto , ▁Polish , ▁Ukrain ian ▁and ▁M ord vin ic ▁languages ▁( part icular ly ▁Er zy a ▁language ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 6 , ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 5 , ▁K uz net so v ▁en rolled ▁at ▁Ty umen ▁Agricult ural ▁College ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁finish ▁and ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁return ▁home ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁father . ▁During ▁that ▁time ▁K uz net so v ▁joined ▁the ▁ranks ▁of ▁the ▁K oms om ol . ▁At ▁home ▁he ▁en rolled ▁in ▁the ▁local ▁forest ry ▁college ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁accused ▁of ▁having ▁counter - re volution ary ▁orig ins ▁and ▁ex cluded ▁from ▁K oms om ol ▁and ▁the ▁college . ▁After ▁moving ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁to ▁K ud ym kar ▁( K omi - Perm y ak ▁Aut onom ous ▁Ok |
rug ) ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁rec ru ited ▁by ▁the ▁local ▁department ▁of ▁the ▁O G PU . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁he ▁en rolled ▁into ▁Sver d lov sk ▁Indust rial ▁Institute ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁study ▁German ▁and ▁other ▁foreign ▁languages . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁K uz net so v ▁moved ▁to ▁Moscow ▁and ▁joined ▁the ▁NK VD , ▁his ▁tasks ▁included ▁pos ing ▁as ▁a ▁Vol ga ▁German ▁and ▁collect ing ▁intelligence ▁about ▁German ▁diplom ats ▁in ▁Moscow . ▁▁ ▁When ▁Germany ▁inv aded ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁K uz net so v , ▁at ▁his ▁own ▁request , ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁join ▁Soviet ▁part isan ▁units ▁in ▁the ▁Naz i - occup ied ▁Ukraine . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁Party , ▁he ▁fought ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁gu err illa ▁group ▁" V ict ors ", ▁led ▁by ▁D mit ry ▁Med ved ev , ▁in ▁central ▁and ▁western ▁Ukraine . ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁several ▁complex ▁operations ▁involving ▁assass in ations ▁and ▁kid n app ings ▁of ▁high - ran king ▁Naz i ▁officials ▁in ▁the ▁Riv ne ▁and ▁L viv ▁regions , ▁such ▁as ▁successful ▁operations ▁against ▁the ▁German - app oint ed ▁chief ▁judge ▁of ▁Ukraine , ▁the ▁vice - g overn or ▁of ▁Gal icia , ▁the ▁advis er ▁to ▁the ▁Reich sk omm iss ar ▁of ▁Ukraine |
, ▁three ▁German ▁gener als ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁first ▁intelligence ▁agent ▁to ▁un cover ▁German ▁plans ▁to ▁launch ▁a ▁massive ▁tank ▁attack ▁in ▁the ▁Kur sk ▁region , ▁and ▁information ▁about ▁German ▁V - 2 ▁rock ets , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁about ▁Operation ▁Long ▁J ump , ▁Hitler ' s ▁plan ▁to ▁assass inate ▁the ▁heads ▁of ▁the ▁USS R , ▁USA ▁and ▁Great ▁Britain ▁during ▁the ▁Te h ran ▁Conference . ▁ ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁operating ▁in ▁Riv ne ▁( the ▁capital ▁of ▁Reich sk omm iss ariat ▁Ukraine ) ▁using ▁the ▁fake ▁German ▁identity ▁of ▁Ober le ut nant ▁Paul ▁Sie bert . ▁It ▁was ▁K uz net so v ▁who ▁obtained ▁information ▁about ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁Hitler ' s ▁" W er w olf " ▁headquarters , ▁near ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁V inn its ya . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁official ▁Soviet ▁version , ▁K uz net so v ▁was ▁killed ▁in ▁a ▁fire f ight ▁with ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁Ins urg ent ▁Army ▁near ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Bro dy ▁on ▁March ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁In ▁another ▁version ▁by ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁Ins urg ent ▁Army , ▁K uz net so v ▁and ▁his ▁associ ates ▁were ▁det ained ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Bor at yn ▁near ▁Bro dy , ▁dressed ▁as ▁German ▁soldiers . ▁To ▁avoid ▁being ▁discovered , ▁K uz net so v ▁ble w ▁himself ▁up ▁on ▁a |
▁gr en ade . ▁ ▁K uz net so v ▁is ▁currently ▁buried ▁in ▁L viv , ▁Ukraine . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁several ▁un success ful ▁attempts ▁have ▁been ▁made ▁to ▁re bury ▁him ▁in ▁Russia . ▁An ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁attempt ▁was ▁stopped ▁by ▁the ▁Russian ▁Foreign ▁Ministry , ▁they ▁claimed ▁that ▁" such ▁a ▁move ▁would ▁open ▁a ▁kind ▁of ▁P and ora ’ s ▁box ▁and ▁give ▁Ukrain ian ▁national ists ▁a ▁reason ▁to ▁launch ▁a ▁campaign ▁to ▁transfer ▁other ▁gra ves ▁of ▁Soviet ▁soldiers ▁buried ▁in ▁Ukraine ." ▁An ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁attempt ▁was ▁prevent ed ▁by ▁the ▁L viv ▁authorities , ▁who ▁claimed ▁that ▁such ▁a ▁re bur ial ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁considered ▁while ▁Ukrain ian ▁prisoners ▁where ▁being ▁held ▁capt ive ▁in ▁Russia ▁during ▁an ▁on going ▁Russian ▁military ▁inter vention ▁in ▁Ukraine . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁ ▁Nikol ai ▁Ivan ov ich ▁K uz net so v ▁has ▁been ▁post hum ously ▁awarded ▁the ▁honor ary ▁title ▁of ▁Hero ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁Minor ▁planet ▁ 2 2 3 3 ▁K uz net so v , ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁by ▁Soviet ▁astronom er ▁Ly ud m ila ▁Zh ur av ly ova , ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁him . ▁K uz net so v sk , ▁a ▁city ▁in ▁Vol h yn ia , ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁Soviet ▁agent ▁( ren amed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁to ▁Var ash ▁conform ing ▁to |
▁a ▁ ▁law ▁prohib iting ▁names ▁of ▁Commun ist ▁origin ). ▁ ▁Films ▁about ▁K uz net so v ▁▁ ▁Str ong ▁with ▁Spirit ▁(« С и ль ные ▁ду хом ») ▁ ▁Special ▁Oper ations ▁Squad ▁(« О т ряд ▁специаль ного ▁назна чения ») ▁ ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁the ▁intelligence ▁(« Г е ний ▁раз вед ки ») ▁ ▁K uz net so v ' s ▁vict ims ▁K uz net z ov ' s ▁main ▁target , ▁Naz i ▁Party ▁official ▁Er ich ▁Koch , ▁surv ived ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁and ▁out l ived ▁his ▁Soviet ▁" nem esis "; ▁dying ▁of ▁old ▁age ▁in ▁a ▁Polish ▁prison ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 9 0 . ▁▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁financial ▁department ▁of ▁the ▁Reich sk omm iss ariat ▁Ukraine , ▁Minister ▁Hans ▁Ge hl , ▁and ▁the ▁Ins pect or ▁General ▁of ▁Comm iss ariat ▁of ▁the ▁R ov no ▁region , ▁Adolf ▁Winter , ▁shot ▁in ▁the ▁street ▁in ▁Riv ne . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁the ▁chief ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Tro ops ▁ 7 4 0 , ▁Major ▁General ▁Max ▁I igen , ▁ab duct ed ▁from ▁his ▁qu arters ▁in ▁Riv ne ▁under ▁the ▁super vision ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁direct ▁invol vement ▁of ▁K uz net so v . ▁ ▁November ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 |
3 : ▁Paul ▁Gran au . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁Senate ▁president ▁Ober fu hrer ▁Alfred ▁F unk , ▁shot ▁at ▁the ▁cour th ouse ▁in ▁R ov no . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 : ▁Deput y ▁Governor ▁of ▁Gal icia ▁District , ▁Otto ▁B auer , ▁and ▁his ▁secretary ▁Heinrich ▁Schne ider , ▁shot ▁outside ▁their ▁qu arters ▁in ▁L viv . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁Institute ▁of ▁National ▁Rem emb rance ▁K uz net z ov ▁" car ried ▁out ▁provoc ations ▁against ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁liber ation ▁movement , ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁which ▁the ▁Naz i ▁inv aders ▁executed ▁host ages ". ▁ ▁Un success ful ▁attempts ▁ ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁- ▁Er ich ▁Koch ▁ ▁Summer ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁- ▁Er ich ▁Koch ▁ ▁June ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁- ▁Alfred ▁Ros enberg ▁ ▁September ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁- ▁Paul ▁D arg el ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Un known ▁Nikol ai ▁K uz net so v . ▁Sc out ' s ▁fe at . ▁ ▁Forum ▁discuss ions ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 4 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Tal its a ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Perm ▁Governor ate ▁Category : Comm un ist ▁Party ▁of ▁the |
▁Soviet ▁Union ▁members ▁Category : Russ ian ▁people ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : H ero es ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁sp ies ▁for ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁Category : S ov iet ▁part is ans ▁Category : N K VD ▁officers ▁Category : S ov iet ▁military ▁personnel ▁killed ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : Russ ian ▁assass ins <0x0A> </s> ▁Vi able ▁but ▁non c ultur able ▁( VB NC ) ▁b acter ia ▁refers ▁to ▁b acter ia ▁that ▁are ▁in ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁very ▁low ▁met abol ic ▁activity ▁and ▁do ▁not ▁divide , ▁but ▁are ▁alive ▁and ▁have ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁become ▁cult urable ▁once ▁res us cit ated . ▁ ▁B acter ia ▁in ▁a ▁VB NC ▁state ▁cannot ▁grow ▁on ▁standard ▁growth ▁media , ▁though ▁flow ▁c yt ometry ▁can ▁measure ▁the ▁vi ability ▁of ▁the ▁b acter ia . ▁B acter ia ▁can ▁enter ▁the ▁VB NC ▁state ▁as ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁stress , ▁due ▁to ▁ad verse ▁nut ri ent , ▁temperature , ▁os m otic , ▁o xygen , ▁and ▁light ▁conditions . ▁The ▁cells ▁that ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁VB NC ▁state ▁are ▁morph olog ically ▁smaller , ▁and ▁demonstrate ▁reduced ▁nut ri ent ▁transport , ▁rate ▁of ▁resp iration , ▁and ▁synth esis ▁of ▁mac rom ole cules . ▁Sometimes , ▁VB NC ▁b acter ia ▁can ▁remain ▁in ▁that ▁state ▁for ▁over ▁a ▁year . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁that ▁numerous ▁path og ens ▁and ▁non - |
path og ens ▁can ▁enter ▁the ▁VB NC ▁state , ▁and ▁therefore ▁it ▁has ▁significant ▁imp lications ▁in ▁path ogen esis , ▁b ior emed iation , ▁and ▁other ▁branches ▁of ▁micro bi ology . ▁ ▁The ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁VB NC ▁state ▁is ▁controvers ial . ▁ ▁The ▁valid ity ▁and ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁ass ays ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁VB NC ▁state ▁have ▁been ▁question ed . ▁ ▁VB NC ▁path og ens ▁Species ▁known ▁to ▁enter ▁a ▁VB NC ▁state : ▁ ▁E . M . S ▁Aer omon as ▁sal mon ic ida ▁Ag rob acter ium ▁tum ef aci ens ▁Bur k holder ia ▁c ep acia ▁Bur k holder ia ▁pseud om alle i ▁Bre tt an omy ces ▁bru x ell ensis ▁Camp y lob acter ▁col i ▁Camp y lob acter ▁jej uni ▁Camp y lob acter ▁l ari ▁C yt oph aga ▁all erg inae ▁Enter ob acter ▁aer ogen es ▁Enter ob acter ▁clo ac ae ▁Enter oc oc cus ▁fa ec alis ▁Enter oc oc cus ▁h ira e ▁Enter oc oc cus ▁fa e ci um ▁Er win ia ▁am y lov ora ▁E scher ich ia ▁col i ▁( including ▁E HE C ) ▁Francis ella ▁t ular ensis ▁Hel ic ob acter ▁p yl ori ▁Kle bs iella ▁aer ogen es ▁Kle bs iella ▁p neum onia e ▁Kle bs iella ▁pl antic ola ▁Leg ion ella ▁p neum oph ila ▁L ister ia ▁mon oc yt ogen es ▁Micro |
c oc cus ▁l ute us ▁My c ob acter ium ▁t uber cul osis ▁My c ob acter ium ▁sm eg mat is ▁P aste ure lla ▁p isc ic ida ▁Pseud omon as ▁aer ugin osa ▁Pseud omon as ▁s yr ing ae ▁R al st onia ▁sol an ace ar um ▁Rh iz ob ium ▁leg um inos ar um ▁Rh iz ob ium ▁mel il oti ▁Sal mon ella ▁enter ica ▁Sal mon ella ▁Ty phi ▁Sal mon ella ▁Ty ph im ur ium ▁Ser rat ia ▁mar ces c ens ▁Sh ig ella ▁d ys enter iae ▁Sh ig ella ▁flex ner i ▁Sh ig ella ▁son ne i ▁Stre pt oc oc cus ▁fa ec alis ▁V ib rio ▁an gu ill ar um ▁V ib rio ▁camp b elli i ▁V ib rio ▁ch ol era e ▁V ib rio ▁har vey i ▁V ib rio ▁m im icus ▁V ib rio ▁par aha em ol yt icus ▁V ib rio ▁sh il oi ▁V ib rio ▁vul n ific us ▁( types ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 2 ) ▁X anth omon as ▁camp est ris ▁X anth omon as ▁ax on op od is ▁p v . ▁cit ri ▁Y ers in ia ▁p est is ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : B acter ia ▁Category : B acter i ology <0x0A> </s> ▁Wind u ▁H ang g oro ▁Put ra ▁( born ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁in ▁Jak |
arta ) ▁is ▁an ▁Indones ian ▁footballer ▁who ▁currently ▁plays ▁for ▁Pers ita ▁T anger ang ▁in ▁the ▁Liga ▁Indones ia ▁Premier ▁Division . ▁ ▁Club ▁statistics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ind ones ian ▁football ers ▁Category : L iga ▁ 1 ▁( Ind ones ia ) ▁players ▁Category : P SP S ▁P ek an bar u ▁players ▁Category : Pers ija ▁Jak arta ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁{{ DIS P LAY T IT LE : M eg av it amin - B 6 ▁synd rome }} ▁▁▁▁ ▁Meg av it amin - B 6 ▁synd rome ▁is ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁sympt oms ▁that ▁can ▁result ▁from ▁chron ic ▁supp lement ation , ▁or ▁ac ute ▁over d ose , ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 . ▁While ▁it ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁hyper v it am inos is ▁B 6 , ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁to x icity ▁and ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁excess , ▁meg av it amin - b 6 ▁synd rome ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁I CD - 1 0 . ▁ ▁Sign s ▁and ▁sympt oms ▁ ▁The ▁pre domin ant ▁sympt om ▁is ▁peri pher al ▁sens ory ▁ne urop ath y ▁that ▁is ▁experienced ▁as ▁num b ness , ▁p ins - and - need les ▁and ▁burning ▁sens ations ▁( par est hes ia ) ▁in ▁a ▁patient ' |
s ▁lim bs ▁on ▁both ▁sides ▁of ▁their ▁body . ▁Pat ients ▁may ▁experience ▁un st ead iness ▁of ▁g ait , ▁in co ord ination ▁( ata x ia ), ▁invol unt ary ▁mus cle ▁movements ▁( ch ore o ath et osis ) ▁the ▁sens ation ▁of ▁an ▁electric ▁zap ▁in ▁their ▁bodies ▁( L h erm itte ' s ▁sign ), ▁a ▁h ight ended ▁sens itivity ▁to ▁sense ▁stim uli ▁including ▁photos ens itivity ▁( hyper est hes ia ), ▁imp a ired ▁skin ▁sens ation ▁( hy po est hes ia ), ▁num b ness ▁around ▁the ▁mouth , ▁and ▁g astro int est inal ▁sympt oms ▁such ▁as ▁n ause a ▁and ▁heart burn . ▁The ▁ability ▁to ▁sense ▁v ibr ations ▁and ▁to ▁sense ▁one ' s ▁position ▁are ▁dimin ished ▁to ▁a ▁greater ▁degree ▁than ▁pain ▁or ▁temperature . ▁Sk in ▁les ions ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁reported . ▁Meg av it amin - B 6 ▁synd rome ▁may ▁also ▁contribute ▁to ▁burning ▁mouth ▁synd rome . ▁Pot ential ▁psych iat ric ▁sympt oms ▁range ▁from ▁anx iety , ▁de pression , ▁ag itation ▁and ▁cogn itive ▁def ic its ▁to ▁psych osis . ▁ ▁Sym pt om ▁sever ity ▁appears ▁to ▁be ▁do se - dependent ▁( high er ▁dos es ▁cause ▁more ▁severe ▁sympt oms ) ▁and ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁supp lement ation ▁with ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁before ▁on set ▁of ▁systems ▁appears ▁to ▁be ▁in vers ely ▁proportional ▁to ▁the ▁amount ▁taken |
▁daily ▁( the ▁smaller ▁the ▁daily ▁dos age , ▁the ▁longer ▁it ▁will ▁take ▁for ▁sympt oms ▁to ▁develop ). ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁possible ▁that ▁some ▁individuals ▁are ▁more ▁sus cept ible ▁to ▁the ▁to xic ▁effects ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁than ▁others . ▁Meg av it amin - B 6 ▁synd rome ▁has ▁been ▁reported ▁in ▁dos es ▁as ▁low ▁as ▁ 2 4 m g / day . ▁ ▁Sym pt oms ▁also ▁appear ▁to ▁be ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁taken ▁in ▁supp lement s . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁proposed ▁that ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁in ▁supp lement s ▁should ▁be ▁in ▁p yr ido x al ▁or ▁p yr ido x al ▁ph osph ate ▁form ▁rather ▁than ▁p yr ido x ine ▁as ▁these ▁are ▁thought ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁lik elihood ▁of ▁to x icity . ▁Cons uming ▁high ▁amounts ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁from ▁food ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁reported ▁to ▁cause ▁ad verse ▁effects . ▁ ▁Early ▁diagn osis ▁and ▁c ess ation ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁supp lement ation ▁can ▁reduce ▁the ▁mor bid ity ▁of ▁the ▁synd rome . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁evidence ▁that ▁large ▁dos es ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁cause ▁cancer , ▁and ▁recent ▁reviews ▁have ▁found ▁no ▁risk ▁during ▁pre gn ancy . ▁ ▁C ause ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁long standing ▁common ▁mis con ception ▁that ▁because ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁is ▁water - sol ub le ▁and ▁therefore ▁har ml |
ess . ▁While ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁is ▁water - sol ub le , ▁it ▁has ▁a ▁half - life ▁of ▁ 2 5 – 3 3 ▁days ▁and ▁accum ul ates ▁in ▁the ▁body ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁stored ▁in ▁mus cle , ▁pl asma , ▁the ▁li ver , ▁red ▁blood ▁cells ▁and ▁bound ▁to ▁prote ins ▁in ▁t issues . ▁Place bo - control led ▁studies ▁have ▁generally ▁failed ▁to ▁show ▁benefits ▁of ▁high ▁dos es ▁of ▁p yr ido x ine . ▁Re views ▁of ▁supp lement ing ▁with ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁have ▁not ▁found ▁it ▁to ▁be ▁effective ▁at ▁reducing ▁sw elling , ▁reducing ▁stress , ▁producing ▁energy , ▁prevent ing ▁ne uro to x icity , ▁tre ating ▁ast h ma ▁or ▁tre ating ▁pre men stru al ▁synd rome . ▁ ▁Pot ential ▁mechan isms ▁▁ ▁The ▁common ▁supp lement al ▁form ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 , ▁p yr ido x ine , ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁py rid ine ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁ne uro to xic . ▁P yr ido x ine ▁has ▁limited ▁transport ▁across ▁the ▁blood – bra in ▁bar rier ▁explaining ▁why ▁the ▁central ▁nerv ous ▁system ▁is ▁sp ared . ▁Cell ▁bodies ▁of ▁motor ▁fib ers ▁are ▁located ▁within ▁the ▁sp inal ▁cord ▁that ▁is ▁also ▁restricted ▁by ▁the ▁blood - bra in ▁bar rier ▁explaining ▁why ▁motor ▁imp air ment ▁is ▁rare . ▁The ▁d ors al ▁root ▁gang lia , ▁however , ▁are ▁located ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁blood - |
bra in ▁bar rier ▁making ▁them ▁more ▁sus cept ible . ▁ ▁P yr ido x ine ▁is ▁converted ▁to ▁p yr ido x al ▁ph osph ate ▁via ▁two ▁en zym es , ▁p yr ido x al ▁kin ase ▁and ▁p yr ido x ine ▁ 5 ′ - ph osph ate ▁ox id ase . ▁High ▁levels ▁of ▁p yr ido x ine ▁can ▁in hib it ▁these ▁en zym es . ▁As ▁p yr ido x al ▁ph osph ate ▁is ▁the ▁active ▁form ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 , ▁this ▁s atur ation ▁of ▁p yr ido x ine ▁could ▁m im ic ▁a ▁def ic iency ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁this ▁was ▁demonstrated ▁in ▁an ▁in ▁vit ro ▁study ▁of ▁human ▁cells . ▁ ▁Tol er able ▁upper ▁limits ▁ ▁Several ▁government ▁ag encies ▁have ▁review ed ▁the ▁data ▁on ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁supp lement ation ▁and ▁produced ▁upper ▁limits ▁on ▁int ake ▁with ▁the ▁desired ▁goal ▁to ▁prevent ▁sens ory ▁ne urop ath y ▁from ▁excess ive ▁amounts . ▁Because ▁these ▁efforts ▁used ▁different ▁criteria ▁to ▁determine ▁what ▁studies ▁to ▁use ▁to ▁mathemat ically ▁determine ▁the ▁upper ▁limits , ▁the ▁recommend ations ▁vary ▁by ▁ag ency . ▁Current ▁toler able ▁upper ▁limit ▁gu idel ines ▁vary ▁from ▁ 1 0 m g ▁per ▁day ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 m g ▁per ▁day ▁by ▁ag ency . ▁ ▁Re views ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B |
6 ▁related ▁ne urop ath y ▁ca ution ed ▁that ▁supp lement ation ▁at ▁dos es ▁greater ▁than ▁ 5 0 m g ▁per ▁day ▁for ▁extend ▁periods ▁of ▁time ▁may ▁be ▁harm ful ▁and ▁should ▁be ▁disc ou rag ed . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁Australian ▁Com plement ary ▁Medic ines ▁E valu ation ▁Committee ▁recommended ▁warning ▁statements ▁appear ▁on ▁products ▁containing ▁daily ▁dos es ▁of ▁ 5 0 m g ▁or ▁more ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁to ▁avoid ▁to x icity . ▁ ▁The ▁relationship ▁between ▁amount ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁consum ed ▁and ▁ser um ▁concentr ations ▁is ▁not ▁known , ▁some ▁people ▁may ▁have ▁high ▁ser um ▁concentr ations ▁without ▁sympt oms ▁of ▁ne urop ath y . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁not ▁known ▁if ▁in hal ation ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁while , ▁for ▁example , ▁working ▁with ▁animal ▁feed ▁containing ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁is ▁safe . ▁ ▁Exception s ▁ ▁High ▁parent eral ▁dos es ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁are ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁treat ▁is onia z id ▁over d ose ▁with ▁no ▁ad verse ▁effects ▁found , ▁although ▁a ▁pres erv ative ▁in ▁parent eral ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁may ▁cause ▁trans ient ▁w ors ening ▁of ▁met abol ic ▁ac idos is . ▁High ▁dos es ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁are ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁treat ▁gy rom it ra ▁m ush room ▁( false ▁mor el ) ▁po ision ing , ▁hyd raz ine ▁expos |
ure ▁and ▁hom oc yst in uria ▁D oses ▁of ▁ 5 0 m g ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 m g ▁per ▁day ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁treat ▁p yr ido x ine ▁def ic ient ▁se iz ures ▁and ▁where ▁patients ▁are ▁taking ▁medic ations ▁that ▁reduce ▁vit main ▁B 6 . ▁Daily ▁dos es ▁of ▁ 1 0 m g ▁to ▁ 5 0 m g ▁are ▁recommended ▁for ▁patients ▁under going ▁hem od ial ysis . ▁High ▁dos es ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁may ▁be ▁effective ▁at ▁suppress ing ▁la ct ation . ▁ ▁Di agn osis ▁ ▁The ▁clin ical ▁hall mark ▁of ▁meg av it amin - B 6 ▁synd rome ▁is ▁at ax ia ▁due ▁to ▁sens ory ▁poly ne urop ath y . ▁Blood ▁tests ▁are ▁performed ▁to ▁rule ▁out ▁other ▁causes ▁and ▁to ▁confirm ▁an ▁elev ated ▁level ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁with ▁an ▁absence ▁of ▁hyp oph osph at asia . ▁Ex am ination ▁does ▁not ▁typically ▁show ▁signs ▁of ▁a ▁motor ▁def ic it , ▁d ys function ▁of ▁the ▁autonom ic ▁nerv ous ▁system ▁or ▁imp air ment ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁nerv ous ▁system , ▁although ▁in ▁severe ▁cases ▁motor ▁and ▁autonom ic ▁imp are ment ▁can ▁occur . ▁When ▁exam ined , ▁patients ▁typically ▁have ▁dimin ished ▁ref lex es ▁( h yp ore flex ia ), ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁dimin ished ▁response ▁when ▁performing ▁an ▁an k le ▁j erk ▁ref lex |
▁test . ▁N erve ▁condu ction ▁studies ▁typically ▁show ▁normal ▁motor ▁condu ction ▁but ▁decrease ▁in ▁large ▁sens ory ▁wave ▁amplitude ▁in ▁the ▁arms ▁and ▁legs . ▁Need le ▁elect rom y ography ▁studies ▁generally ▁reve al ▁no ▁signs ▁of ▁d ener v ation . ▁ ▁Classification ▁▁ ▁Meg av it amin - B 6 ▁synd rome ▁is ▁character ized ▁mainly ▁by ▁deg ener ation ▁of ▁d ors al ▁root ▁gang l ion ▁ax ons ▁and ▁cell ▁bodies , ▁although ▁it ▁also ▁affect s ▁the ▁trig em inal ▁gang lia ▁it ▁is ▁class ified ▁as ▁a ▁sens ory ▁gang l ion op ath y ▁due ▁to ▁invol vement ▁of ▁these ▁gang lia . ▁In ▁elect rod i agnostic ▁testing , ▁it ▁has ▁characteristic ▁non - length - dependent ▁ab normal ities ▁of ▁sens ory ▁action ▁potential s ▁that ▁occur ▁glob ally , ▁rather ▁than ▁dist ally ▁decre asing ▁of ▁sens ory ▁n erve ▁action ▁potential ▁amplit udes . ▁Meg av it amin - B 6 ▁synd rome ▁is ▁pre domin ately ▁a ▁large ▁fi ber ▁ne urop ath y ▁character ized ▁by ▁sens ory ▁loss ▁of ▁joint ▁position , ▁v ibration ▁and ▁at ax ia . ▁Although ▁it ▁has ▁characteristics ▁of ▁small ▁fi ber ▁ne urop ath y ▁in ▁severe ▁cases ▁where ▁there ▁is ▁imp air ment ▁of ▁pain , ▁temperature , ▁and ▁autonom ic ▁functions . ▁ ▁Tre at ment ▁ ▁The ▁primary ▁treatment ▁for ▁meg av it amin - B 6 ▁synd rome ▁is ▁to ▁stop ▁taking ▁supp lement al ▁vit |
amin ▁B 6 . ▁Phys ical ▁ther apy , ▁including ▁vest ib ular ▁re h abil itation , ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁attempts ▁to ▁improve ▁recovery ▁following ▁c ess ation ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁supp lement ation . ▁Medic ations ▁such ▁as ▁am it ri pty line ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁help ▁with ▁ne urop ath ic ▁pain . ▁ ▁In ▁experimental ▁tests ▁using ▁animal ▁subjects , ▁ne uro t roph ic ▁factors , ▁specifically ▁ne uro t roph in - 3 , ▁were ▁shown ▁to ▁potentially ▁reverse ▁the ▁ne urop ath y ▁caused ▁from ▁the ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁to x icity . ▁With ▁r ats ▁and ▁m ice , ▁improvement ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁seen ▁with ▁ 4 - m eth yl c ate ch ol , ▁a ▁specific ▁ch ic ory ▁extract , ▁coffee ▁and ▁trig on ell ine . ▁ ▁Pro gn osis ▁ ▁Other ▁than ▁with ▁extremely ▁high ▁dos es ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 , ▁ne uro logic ▁d ys function ▁impro ves ▁following ▁c ess ation ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁supp lement ation ▁and ▁usually , ▁but ▁not ▁always , ▁resol ves ▁within ▁six ▁months . ▁In ▁cases ▁of ▁ac ute ▁high ▁dos es , ▁for ▁example ▁in ▁people ▁receiving ▁daily ▁dos es ▁of ▁ 2 ▁gr ams ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁per ▁kil ogram ▁of ▁body ▁weight , ▁sympt oms ▁may ▁be ▁irre vers ible ▁and ▁may ▁addition ally ▁cause ▁pseudo ath et osis . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁immediate ▁ 2 – 6 |
▁weeks ▁following ▁dis continu ation ▁of ▁vit amin ▁B 6 , ▁patients ▁may ▁experience ▁a ▁sympt om ▁pro gression ▁before ▁grad ual ▁improvement ▁begins . ▁This ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁coast ing ▁and ▁is ▁encountered ▁in ▁other ▁to xic ▁ne urop ath ies . ▁A ▁vit amin ▁B 6 ▁subst ance ▁depend ancy ▁may ▁exist ▁in ▁daily ▁dos ages ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 m g ▁or ▁more , ▁making ▁a ▁drug ▁withdraw al ▁effect ▁possible ▁when ▁dis cont in ued . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁▁ ▁Diet ary ▁supp lement ▁ ▁Hyper v it am inos is ▁ ▁Hyper v it am inos is ▁A ▁▁ ▁Hyper v it am inos is ▁D ▁ ▁Meg av it amin ▁ther apy ▁ ▁O vern ut r ition ▁ ▁Per i pher al ▁nerv ous ▁system ▁ ▁Reg ulation ▁of ▁alternative ▁medicine ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁An ▁eth n ographic ▁study ▁of ▁an ▁online ▁support ▁group ▁for ▁meg av it amin ▁B 6 ▁synd rome ▁appears ▁in : ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Effect s ▁of ▁external ▁causes ▁Category : Hy per v it am inos is ▁Category : S y nd rom es <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Pacific ▁ty ph oon ▁season ▁has ▁no ▁official ▁bounds ; ▁it ▁ran ▁year - round ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁but ▁most ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁tend ▁to ▁form ▁in ▁the ▁north western ▁Pacific ▁Ocean ▁between ▁June ▁and ▁December . ▁These ▁dates ▁convention ally ▁del imit ▁the |
▁period ▁of ▁each ▁year ▁when ▁most ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁form ▁in ▁the ▁north western ▁Pacific ▁Ocean . ▁ ▁The ▁scope ▁of ▁this ▁article ▁is ▁limited ▁to ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Ocean , ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁equ ator ▁and ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁international ▁date ▁line . ▁Storm s ▁that ▁form ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁date ▁line ▁and ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁equ ator ▁are ▁called ▁h urr ican es ; ▁see ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Pacific ▁h urr icane ▁season . ▁Trop ical ▁Storm s ▁formed ▁in ▁the ▁entire ▁west ▁pac ific ▁bas in ▁were ▁assigned ▁a ▁name ▁by ▁the ▁J oint ▁Ty ph oon ▁Warning ▁Center . ▁Trop ical ▁de press ions ▁in ▁this ▁bas in ▁have ▁the ▁" W " ▁suffix ▁added ▁to ▁their ▁number . ▁Trop ical ▁de press ions ▁that ▁enter ▁or ▁form ▁in ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁area ▁of ▁responsibility ▁are ▁assigned ▁a ▁name ▁by ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁At mos pher ic , ▁Ge oph ys ical ▁and ▁Astronom ical ▁Services ▁Administration ▁or ▁P AG AS A . ▁This ▁can ▁often ▁result ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁storm ▁having ▁two ▁names . ▁ ▁Systems ▁▁ 2 5 ▁tropical ▁storm s ▁formed ▁this ▁year ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁Pacific . ▁ 1 4 ▁storm s ▁reached ▁ty ph oon ▁intensity , ▁of ▁which ▁ 4 ▁reached ▁super ▁ty ph oon ▁strength . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Kath y ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Kath y ▁was ▁a ▁Category ▁ 1 ▁ty ph oon ▁that ▁stayed ▁at ▁sea ▁for ▁its ▁whole ▁life . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁De pression ▁A |
si ang ▁ ▁A si ang ▁was ▁named ▁by ▁P AG AS A . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁De pression ▁B iring ▁ ▁B iring ▁was ▁also ▁named ▁by ▁P AG AS A . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁Lor na ▁ ▁Lor na ▁did ▁not ▁affect ▁land . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Marie ▁( K ons ing ) ▁ ▁This ▁category ▁ 4 ▁ty ph oon ▁affected ▁the ▁Philippines ; ▁but ▁mostly ▁stayed ▁out ▁to ▁sea . ▁Marie ▁did ▁not ▁reach ▁super ▁ty ph oon ▁status ; ▁but ▁recorded ▁a ▁strong ▁pressure ▁of ▁ 9 3 0 ▁mill ib ars . ▁Marie ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁category ▁ 4 ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁Se vere ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁Nancy ▁ ▁Nancy ▁stayed ▁at ▁sea . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Ol ga ▁( Did ang ) ▁ ▁The ▁mon so on ▁tr ough ▁spawn ed ▁a ▁tropical ▁de pression ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 0 . ▁It ▁track ed ▁generally ▁west ward , ▁reaching ▁tropical ▁storm ▁status ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁while ▁remaining ▁poor ly ▁organized . ▁On ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Ol ga ▁re located ▁to ▁the ▁sout heast , ▁and ▁reg ained ▁tropical ▁storm ▁strength ▁after ▁weak ening . ▁The ▁storm ▁head ed ▁to ▁the ▁north west , ▁and ▁loop ed ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁approach ▁of ▁a ▁long ▁wave ▁tr ough . ▁After ▁returning ▁to ▁a ▁west ward ▁movement ▁Ol ga , ▁despite ▁unf avor able ▁wind ▁she ar , ▁strength ened ▁to ▁a ▁ty ph |
oon ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 th . ▁It ▁rapidly ▁intens ified ▁that ▁night , ▁and ▁hit ▁eastern ▁Lu zon ▁early ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁as ▁a ▁ ▁ty ph oon . ▁It ▁dr ift ed ▁across ▁the ▁island , ▁and ▁turned ▁north ward ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁China ▁Sea . ▁Ol ga ▁moved ▁rapidly ▁to ▁the ▁n ortheast , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 8 th ▁Ol ga ▁was ▁absor bed ▁by ▁a ▁subt rop ical ▁disturb ance . ▁Ol ga ▁brought ▁tor r ential ▁flo oding , ▁at ▁some ▁points ▁as ▁much ▁as ▁ ▁of ▁rain . ▁Because ▁of ▁this , ▁ 3 7 4 ▁people ▁were ▁killed ▁and ▁thousands ▁were ▁left ▁hom eless . ▁Ol ga ▁also ▁destroyed ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁sets ▁used ▁during ▁the ▁film ing ▁of ▁Ap ocal yp se ▁Now . ▁ ▁Super ▁Ty ph oon ▁Pam ela ▁ ▁The ▁near ▁equ atorial ▁tr ough ▁produced ▁a ▁tropical ▁de pression ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 4 ▁north ▁of ▁Ch u uk . ▁It ▁moved ▁south west ward , ▁becoming ▁a ▁tropical ▁storm ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 5 th . ▁Pam ela ▁slowly ▁loop ed ▁to ▁the ▁north west , ▁and ▁reached ▁ty ph oon ▁status ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 6 th . ▁On ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁and ▁ 1 9 th , ▁Pam ela ▁rapidly ▁intens ified ▁to ▁a ▁ ▁super ▁ty ph oon , ▁and ▁slowly ▁weak ened ▁as ▁it ▁continued ▁its ▁north west ▁movement . ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 1 ▁the ▁ty ph |
oon ▁crossed ▁Gu am ▁with ▁sust ained ▁wind s ▁of ▁. ▁After ▁slowly ▁crossing ▁the ▁island , ▁Pam ela ▁turned ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁and ▁weak ened ▁until ▁becoming ▁extr at rop ical ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 6 th . ▁Pam ela ▁was ▁the ▁strong est ▁ty ph oon ▁to ▁hit ▁Gu am ▁since ▁Super ▁Ty ph oon ▁Kar en ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁Though ▁Kar en ▁was ▁much ▁stronger , ▁Pam ela ' s ▁slow ▁crossing ▁caused ▁much ▁more ▁damage , ▁amount ing ▁to ▁$ 5 0 0 mill ion ▁( 1 9 7 6 US D , ▁$ 1 . 7 b ill ion ▁ 2 0 0 5 US D ). ▁Well - exec uted ▁warnings ▁allowed ▁for ▁only ▁one ▁death ▁in ▁Gu am . ▁ ▁Before ▁Ty ph oon ▁Pam ela ▁hit ▁Gu am , ▁ten ▁people ▁died ▁in ▁a ▁lands lide ▁in ▁Tru k ▁( Ch u uk ) ▁from ▁its ▁heavy ▁ra ins . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁De pression ▁G lor ing ▁ ▁N amed ▁by ▁P AG AS A ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Ruby ▁( H uan ing ) ▁ ▁The ▁mon so on ▁tr ough ▁spawn ed ▁Trop ical ▁De pression ▁ 7 W ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 0 . ▁It ▁head ed ▁west ward , ▁slowly ▁organ izing ▁into ▁a ▁tropical ▁storm ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 3 rd . ▁Ruby ▁turned ▁to ▁the ▁north west , ▁and ▁reached ▁ty ph oon ▁strength ▁just ▁before ▁hitting ▁Lu zon |
▁on ▁the ▁ 2 5 th . ▁It ▁crossed ▁the ▁island , ▁weak ening ▁to ▁a ▁tropical ▁storm ▁before ▁turning ▁to ▁the ▁n ortheast ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁China ▁Sea . ▁Ruby ▁again ▁became ▁a ▁ty ph oon ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 8 th , ▁and ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 , ▁the ▁ty ph oon ▁reached ▁a ▁peak ▁of ▁ ▁wind s ▁while ▁south ▁of ▁Japan . ▁The ▁ty ph oon ▁turned ▁to ▁the ▁east , ▁and ▁became ▁extr at rop ical ▁on ▁the ▁ 3 rd . ▁ 1 6 ▁people ▁were ▁killed ▁from ▁the ▁ty ph oon . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁S ally ▁( Is ang ) ▁ ▁S ally ▁did ▁not ▁threaten ▁land . ▁ ▁Super ▁Ty ph oon ▁Ther ese ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Ther ese , ▁which ▁developed ▁on ▁July ▁ 8 , ▁explos ively ▁deep ened ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁and ▁ 1 3 th ▁to ▁a ▁ ▁super ▁ty ph oon . ▁Ther ese ▁weak ened ▁as ▁it ▁continued ▁to ▁the ▁north west , ▁and ▁struck ▁south west ▁Japan ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁as ▁a ▁tropical ▁storm . ▁It ▁loop ed ▁to ▁the ▁west , ▁and ▁diss ip ated ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 1 st . ▁Ther ese ▁caused ▁heavy ▁flo oding , ▁killing ▁ 3 ▁people ▁and ▁causing ▁millions ▁in ▁damage . ▁ ▁Se vere ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁V io let ▁( L using ) ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁V io let ▁struck ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁and ▁H ain an ▁Island ▁killing |
▁ 2 ▁people . ▁ ▁Se vere ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁Wild a ▁ ▁Wild a ▁hit ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁An ita ▁( M aring ) ▁ ▁An ita ▁hit ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Bill ie ▁( N it ang ) ▁ ▁When ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Bill ie ▁hit ▁eastern ▁Taiwan ▁and ▁China , ▁it ▁caused ▁heavy ▁flo oding ▁and ▁wind ▁damage , ▁amount ing ▁to ▁ 4 ▁cas ual ties ▁( with ▁ 8 ▁missing ▁and ▁ 4 1 ▁d rown ings ) ▁and ▁$ 2 . 6 mill ion ▁in ▁damage ▁( 1 9 7 6 US D ). ▁ ▁Se vere ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁Clara ▁ ▁Clara ▁hit ▁China . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁D ot ▁( Os ang ) ▁ ▁D ot ▁hit ▁China ▁and ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁Ellen ▁( Par ing ) ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁Ellen ▁struck ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁killing ▁ 2 7 ▁people ▁and ▁left ▁ 3 ▁missing . ▁ ▁Super ▁Ty ph oon ▁Fran ▁( Rem ing ) ▁ ▁An ▁area ▁of ▁dist urbed ▁weather ▁organized ▁into ▁Trop ical ▁De pression ▁ 1 7 W ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 . ▁It ▁track ed ▁north west ward , ▁becoming ▁a ▁tropical ▁storm ▁on ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁and ▁a ▁ty ph oon ▁on ▁the ▁ 6 th . ▁Fran ▁rapidly ▁intens ified ▁to ▁a ▁ ▁super ▁ty ph oon ▁on ▁the ▁ 7 th , ▁and ▁weak ened ▁as ▁it ▁turned ▁north ward . ▁After ▁st |
alling ▁and ▁dr ifting ▁to ▁the ▁west , ▁Fran ▁continued ▁its ▁north ward ▁movement , ▁hit ▁south western ▁Japan ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 2 th , ▁and ▁became ▁extr at rop ical ▁in ▁the ▁Sea ▁of ▁Japan ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 3 th . ▁The ▁storm ▁caused ▁heavy ▁flo oding ▁and ▁wind ▁damage , ▁causing ▁ 1 3 3 ▁fatal ities ▁( with ▁ 3 2 ▁missing ) ▁and ▁$ 5 7 2 mill ion ▁in ▁damage ▁( 1 9 7 6 US D , ▁$ 1 . 9 b ill ion ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 US D ), ▁the ▁worst ▁Japanese ▁ty ph oon ▁in ▁over ▁ 1 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁Georgia ▁ ▁Georgia ▁moved ▁north ▁away ▁from ▁land . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Hope ▁ ▁Hope ▁did ▁not ▁come ▁near ▁land . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁De pression ▁Sen i ang ▁ ▁Sen i ang ▁was ▁short - l ived . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁I ris ▁( To y ang ) ▁ ▁I ris ▁me ander ed ▁over ▁the ▁South ▁China ▁Sea ▁and ▁struck ▁South ▁China . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Joan ▁ ▁Joan ▁rec ur ved ▁east ▁of ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Louise ▁( Wel pring ) ▁ ▁Louise ▁was ▁the ▁strong est ▁ty ph oon ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁Ty ph oon ▁Mar ge ▁( Y oning ) ▁ ▁Mar ge ▁was ▁a ▁strong ▁tropical ▁storm . ▁ ▁Se vere ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁N ora ▁( |
Ar ing ) ▁ ▁N ora ▁br ushed ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁Storm ▁Op al ▁( B asi ang ) ▁ ▁Op al ▁was ▁a ▁minimal ▁tropical ▁storm . ▁ ▁Trop ical ▁De pression ▁Kay ang ▁ ▁The ▁de pression ▁last ed ▁a ▁day . ▁ ▁Storm ▁names ▁Western ▁North ▁Pacific ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁were ▁named ▁by ▁the ▁J oint ▁Ty ph oon ▁Warning ▁Center . ▁The ▁first ▁storm ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁was ▁named ▁Kath y ▁and ▁the ▁final ▁one ▁was ▁named ▁Op al . ▁ ▁One ▁Central ▁Pacific ▁system ▁developed , ▁H urr icane ▁Kate . ▁The ▁policy ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁was ▁to ▁use ▁Western ▁Pacific ▁names ▁the ▁Central ▁Pacific . ▁ ▁Philippines ▁ ▁The ▁Philipp ine ▁At mos pher ic , ▁Ge oph ys ical ▁and ▁Astronom ical ▁Services ▁Administration ▁uses ▁its ▁own ▁naming ▁scheme ▁for ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁in ▁their ▁area ▁of ▁responsibility . ▁P AG AS A ▁assign s ▁names ▁to ▁tropical ▁de press ions ▁that ▁form ▁within ▁their ▁area ▁of ▁responsibility ▁and ▁any ▁tropical ▁cy clone ▁that ▁might ▁move ▁into ▁their ▁area ▁of ▁responsibility . ▁Should ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁names ▁for ▁a ▁given ▁year ▁prove ▁to ▁be ▁ins u fficient , ▁names ▁are ▁taken ▁from ▁an ▁auxili ary ▁list , ▁the ▁first ▁ 6 ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁published ▁each ▁year ▁before ▁the ▁season ▁starts . ▁Names ▁not ▁retired ▁from ▁this ▁list ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁again ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁season . ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁same ▁list ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁ |
1 9 7 2 ▁season . ▁P AG AS A ▁uses ▁its ▁own ▁naming ▁scheme ▁that ▁starts ▁in ▁the ▁Filip ino ▁alphabet , ▁with ▁names ▁of ▁Filip ino ▁female ▁names ▁ending ▁with ▁" ng " ▁( A , ▁B , ▁K , ▁D , ▁etc .). ▁Names ▁that ▁were ▁not ▁assigned / going ▁to ▁use ▁are ▁marked ▁in ▁. ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Pacific ▁ty ph oon ▁seasons ▁▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Pacific ▁h urr icane ▁season ▁▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Atlantic ▁h urr icane ▁season ▁ ▁Pre - 1 9 8 0 ▁North ▁Indian ▁Ocean ▁cy clone ▁seasons ▁ ▁Southern ▁Hem is phere ▁tropical ▁cy clone ▁seasons : ▁ 1 9 7 5 - 7 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 - 7 7 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Japan ▁Meteor ological ▁Agency ▁J oint ▁Ty ph oon ▁Warning ▁Center . ▁China ▁Meteor ological ▁Agency ▁National ▁We ather ▁Service ▁Gu am ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Observ atory ▁Mac au ▁Meteor ological ▁Ge oph ys ical ▁Services ▁Korea ▁Meteor ological ▁Agency ▁Philipp ine ▁At mos pher ic , ▁Ge oph ys ical ▁and ▁Astronom ical ▁Services ▁Administration ▁Taiwan ▁Central ▁We ather ▁Bureau ▁Digital ▁Ty ph oon ▁- ▁Ty ph oon ▁Im ages ▁and ▁Information ▁Ty ph oon 2 0 0 0 ▁Philipp ine ▁ty ph oon ▁website <0x0A> </s> ▁James ▁Daniel ▁M add ison ▁( born ▁ 2 3 ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁an ▁attack ing ▁mid f iel |
der ▁for ▁▁ ▁club ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁and ▁the ▁England ▁national ▁team . ▁ ▁M add ison ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁with ▁Cov entry ▁City ▁before ▁joining ▁Nor wich ▁City ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁He ▁spent ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁season ▁on ▁loan ▁at ▁Scottish ▁Prem iers hip ▁club ▁Aber de en . ▁In ▁his ▁first ▁season ▁back ▁at ▁Nor wich , ▁M add ison ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁Championship ▁P FA ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁and ▁E FL ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Season . ▁He ▁joined ▁Premier ▁League ▁club ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁M add ison ▁made ▁his ▁England ▁under - 2 1 ▁debut ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁UEFA ▁European ▁Under - 2 1 ▁Championship ▁qual ification ▁and ▁was ▁called ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁senior ▁team ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁M add ison ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁Cov entry , ▁West ▁Mid lands . ▁He ▁is ▁of ▁Irish ▁descent ▁through ▁a ▁grand parent . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁ ▁Cov entry ▁City ▁M add ison ▁joined ▁Cov entry ▁City ' s ▁youth ▁team , ▁and ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁first - team ▁squad ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁season , ▁though ▁did ▁not ▁make ▁an ▁appearance . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 ▁League ▁Cup ▁defeat ▁to |
▁Card iff ▁City . ▁M add ison ▁made ▁his ▁league ▁debut , ▁again ▁as ▁a ▁substitute , ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 ▁home ▁loss ▁against ▁Br istol ▁City ▁and ▁his ▁first ▁league ▁start ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁game , ▁against ▁Old ham ▁Athlet ic . ▁He ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁league ▁goal ▁in ▁the ▁game , ▁with ▁a ▁free - k ick ▁in ▁the ▁first - half , ▁as ▁the ▁Sky ▁Blues ▁lost ▁the ▁game ▁ 4 – 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁M add ison ▁signed ▁his ▁first ▁professional ▁contract , ▁last ing ▁three ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁years , ▁but ▁missed ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁season ▁after ▁being ▁sent - off ▁during ▁a ▁Box ing ▁Day ▁defeat ▁to ▁Don c aster ▁Ro vers ▁and ▁then ▁pick ing ▁up ▁a ▁back ▁injury . ▁ ▁Nor wich ▁City ▁M add ison ▁signed ▁for ▁Premier ▁League ▁club ▁Nor wich ▁City ▁on ▁ 1 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁on ▁a ▁three - and - a - half - year ▁contract ▁for ▁an ▁und is closed ▁fee , ▁but ▁was ▁immediately ▁loan ed ▁back ▁to ▁Cov entry ▁City ▁for ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁season . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 1 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁M add ison ▁was ▁loan ed ▁to ▁Scottish ▁Prem iers hip ▁club ▁Aber de en ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 |
6 – 1 7 ▁season . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁against ▁In ver ness ▁C aled onian ▁Th ist le , ▁then ▁started ▁and ▁scored ▁in ▁the ▁next ▁match ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 ▁win ▁against ▁D und ee . ▁He ▁followed ▁this ▁with ▁a ▁last - min ute ▁winner ▁against ▁R angers ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁After ▁returning ▁from ▁his ▁loan ▁spell ▁at ▁Aber de en , ▁M add ison ▁made ▁his ▁long - await ed ▁league ▁debut ▁for ▁Nor wich ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁and ▁scoring ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 ▁win ▁against ▁Pr eston ▁North ▁End ▁at ▁Deep dale . ▁M add ison ▁signed ▁a ▁new ▁four - year ▁contract ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁With ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁new ▁coach ▁Daniel ▁Far ke , ▁M add ison ▁was ▁given ▁regular ▁starts ▁in ▁the ▁team ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁Nor wich ▁City ' s ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Season ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁under wh el ming ▁campaign , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁receiving ▁a ▁nom ination ▁for ▁the ▁E FL ▁Championship ▁Young ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Season ▁award . ▁ ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁M add ison ▁signed ▁for ▁Premier ▁League ▁club ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁on ▁a ▁five |
- year ▁contract ▁for ▁an ▁und is closed ▁fee , ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁around ▁£ 2 0 mill ion . ▁He ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁in ▁the ▁Premier ▁League ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁August ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 0 ▁win ▁against ▁Wol ver ham pton ▁W ander ers . ▁He ▁later ▁followed ▁up ▁his ▁impress ive ▁start ▁for ▁the ▁club ▁with ▁back - to - back ▁Premier ▁League ▁goals , ▁from ▁set - pie ces , ▁against ▁A FC ▁B ourn em outh ▁and ▁Hud ders field ▁Town ▁respectively . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁M add ison ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁an ▁England ▁under - 2 1 ▁squad ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁play ▁due ▁to ▁injury . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁first ▁call - up ▁to ▁the ▁England ▁under - 2 1 ▁team ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁and ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁against ▁Ukraine ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁UEFA ▁European ▁Under - 2 1 ▁Championship ▁qual ifier . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁first ▁call ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁senior ▁team ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁for ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Nations ▁League ▁matches ▁against ▁Cro atia ▁and ▁Spain . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 7 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁M add ison ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁England ' s ▁ 2 3 - man ▁squad ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁UEFA ▁European ▁Under - 2 1 ▁Championship ▁ ▁and ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁for ▁his ▁country ▁during ▁a ▁ |
3 – 3 ▁draw ▁with ▁Cro atia ▁at ▁the ▁San ▁Mar ino ▁Stadium ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁M add ison ▁with d rew ▁from ▁the ▁squad ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁due ▁to ▁ill ness . ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁seen ▁visit ing ▁a ▁cas ino , ▁although ▁his ▁conduct ▁was ▁def ended ▁by ▁club ▁manager ▁Br end an ▁Rod gers . ▁M add ison ▁received ▁his ▁first ▁cap ▁for ▁England ▁when ▁he ▁came ▁on ▁for ▁Alex ▁Ox lade - Ch am ber lain ▁in ▁the ▁ 5 6 th ▁minute ▁of ▁a ▁ 7 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁Mont en eg ro ▁in ▁UEFA ▁Euro ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁qual ifying . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Club ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Ind ividual ▁E FL ▁Young ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Month : ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁P FA ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year : ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁Championship ▁Nor wich ▁City ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Season : ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁E FL ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Season : ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Profile ▁at ▁the ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁F . C . ▁website ▁Profile ▁at ▁the ▁Football ▁Association ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : English ▁people ▁of ▁Irish ▁descent ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Cov entry ▁Category : English ▁football |
ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : C ov entry ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : N or wich ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : A ber de en ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Le ic ester ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁Professional ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : P rem ier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Eng land ▁under - 2 1 ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Eng land ▁international ▁football ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Henry ▁Blood ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Henry ▁Am es ▁Blood ▁( 1 8 3 6 – 1 8 9 2 ), ▁American ▁historian ▁Henry ▁H . ▁Blood ▁( 1 8 7 2 – 1 9 4 2 ), ▁ 7 th ▁Governor ▁of ▁Ut ah , ▁USA <0x0A> </s> ▁P ih u ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Indian ▁drama ▁thr iller ▁film ▁written ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁Vin od ▁Kap ri ▁and ▁joint ly ▁produced ▁by ▁Ron nie ▁S cre w val a , ▁S idd har th ▁Roy ▁Kap ur ▁and ▁Sh il pa ▁J ind al . ▁It ▁stars ▁P ih u ▁( My ra ▁V ish w ak arma ), ▁a ▁two ▁year ▁old ▁girl , ▁in ▁the ▁title ▁role , ▁who ▁gets ▁tra pped ▁inside ▁her ▁house ▁with ▁no ▁escape . ▁P ih u ▁was ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival ▁of ▁India ▁in ▁the ▁Pan |
or ama ▁section ▁and ▁was ▁screen ed ▁at ▁the ▁F aj r ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁It ▁won ▁the ▁Grand ▁Prize ▁for ▁Best ▁Fe ature ▁Film ▁in ▁the ▁International ▁Compet ition ▁category ▁and ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Cho ice ▁award ▁for ▁Best ▁Film ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Trans - S ah aran ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁The ▁film ' s ▁official ▁tra iler ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁and ▁was ▁released ▁the atr ically ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁shot ▁in ▁the ▁Gand har av ▁society ▁of ▁Gre ater ▁No ida . ▁ ▁Plot ▁The ▁movie ▁starts ▁on ▁the ▁day ▁after ▁P ih u ' s ▁( My ra ▁V ish w ak arma ) ▁second ▁birth day ▁party . ▁She ▁w akes ▁up ▁and ▁finds ▁that ▁her ▁mother , ▁Pu ja , ▁( Pr erna ▁Sh arma ) ▁is ▁not ▁w aking ▁up . ▁Her ▁father , ▁G aur av ▁( R ah ul ▁Bag ga , ▁voice ▁only ) ▁has ▁left ▁for ▁Kol k ata ▁for ▁a ▁conference . ▁She ▁feels ▁hun gry ▁and ▁tries ▁to ▁w ake ▁her ▁mother ▁up , ▁but ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁w ake ▁up , ▁causing ▁P ih u ▁to ▁cry . ▁▁ ▁Pu ja ▁commits ▁suic ide ▁after ▁a ▁fight ▁with ▁G aur av , ▁and ▁her ▁face ▁and ▁hands ▁are ▁bru ised ▁indicating ▁domestic ▁violence . ▁G aur av ▁had ▁come ▁late ▁for ▁P ih |
u ' s ▁birth day ▁party ▁which ▁made ▁P oo ja ▁angry . ▁Moreover , ▁she ▁thinks ▁that ▁her ▁husband ▁is ▁having ▁an ▁affair ▁with ▁her ▁friend , ▁Me era , ▁which ▁ag gra v ates ▁their ▁fight . ▁She ▁k ills ▁herself ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁domestic ▁problems , ▁leaving ▁a ▁suic ide ▁note ▁on ▁the ▁bed room ▁mirror , ▁saying ▁that ▁she ▁would ' ve ▁killed ▁P ih u ▁too , ▁but ▁couldn ' t ▁bring ▁herself ▁to ▁do ▁it . ▁G aur av ▁continu ously ▁attempts ▁to ▁call ▁P oo ja , ▁but ▁to ▁no ▁response . ▁P ih u ▁man ages ▁to ▁pick ▁up ▁the ▁phone ▁but ▁her ▁father ▁is ▁not ▁able ▁to ▁understand ▁what ▁P ih u ▁wants ▁to ▁say , ▁asking ▁to ▁speak ▁to ▁P oo ja . ▁G aur av ▁says ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁left ▁the ▁iron ▁switched ▁on ▁and ▁asks ▁her ▁to ▁turn ▁it ▁off ▁because ▁P ih u ▁might ▁touch ▁it . ▁Short ly ▁after , ▁P ih u ▁burn s ▁her ▁fingers . ▁She ▁also ▁almost ▁elect roc utes ▁herself ▁with ▁exposed ▁w ires ▁and ▁burn s ▁two ▁rot is ▁in ▁the ▁mic row ave ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁st ove . ▁She ▁turns ▁on ▁the ▁g ey ser ▁( water ▁he ater ), ▁which ▁after ▁a ▁few ▁hours ▁expl odes , ▁causing ▁a ▁large ▁b ang ▁that ▁concerns ▁the ▁other ▁ten ants ▁of ▁the ▁a partment ▁block ▁and ▁she ▁hang s ▁on ▁the ▁bal con y ▁ra iling ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁get ▁her ▁fallen |
▁doll . ▁L uck ily , ▁a ▁lady ▁sees ▁P ih u ▁h anging ▁danger ously ▁and ▁persu ades ▁her ▁to ▁get ▁down . ▁The ▁electric ity ▁also ▁fl uct u ates ▁multiple ▁times . ▁The ▁tap ▁water ▁overflow s ▁and ▁ ▁comes ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁door . ▁Ne igh b ors ▁see ▁the ▁water , ▁but ▁they ▁think ▁the ▁own ers ▁are ▁on ▁hol iday . ▁ ▁G aur av ▁calls ▁multiple ▁times ▁throughout ▁the ▁movie , ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁discovered ▁that ▁he ▁went ▁to ▁Kol k ata ▁for ▁a ▁conference . ▁After ▁his ▁meeting , ▁when ▁P ih u ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁P oo ja ▁has ▁been ▁sleep ing ▁all ▁day , ▁he ▁real ises ▁something ▁is ▁wrong ▁and ▁leaves ▁Kol k ata ▁immediately ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁get ▁home . ▁P ih u ▁e ats ▁the ▁le f to vers ▁from ▁the ▁party , ▁along ▁with ▁few ▁of ▁her ▁mother ' s ▁sleep ing ▁p ills , ▁causing ▁her ▁to ▁fall ▁as leep . ▁During ▁the ▁night , ▁the ▁neighb ors ▁see ▁the ▁smoke ▁coming ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁house ▁and ▁are ▁trying ▁to ▁break ▁in ▁the ▁house . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁G aur av ▁comes ▁home ▁and ▁finds ▁his ▁wife ▁dead ▁and ▁P ih u ▁playing ▁with ▁her ▁blocks , ▁below ▁her ▁bed . ▁The ▁movie ▁ends ▁with ▁G aur av ▁m our ning ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁his ▁wife ▁in ▁the ▁bur nt ▁a partment ▁while ▁P ih u ▁asks ▁G aur av ▁to ▁w ake ▁her ▁mother |
. ▁ ▁Cast ▁My ra ▁V ish w ak arma ▁as ▁P ih u ▁Pr erna ▁V ish w ak arma ▁as ▁P oo ja ▁Rah ul ▁Bag ga ▁as ▁G aur av ▁( voice ▁only ) ▁Hr ish ita ▁Bh att ▁as ▁Me era ▁( voice ▁only ) ▁ ▁Production ▁Director ▁Vin od ▁Kap ri ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁idea ▁behind ▁making ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁" what ▁does ▁a ▁to dd ler ▁do ▁when ▁she ▁is ▁left ▁alone ▁at ▁home ?" ▁He ▁also ▁based ▁it ▁on ▁a ▁real ▁life ▁incident ▁that ▁he ▁read ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁a ▁national ▁daily ▁about ▁a ▁four - year - old ▁girl ▁who ▁was ▁left ▁alone ▁at ▁home . ▁He ▁decided ▁to ▁have ▁minimal ▁dialog ues ▁in ▁the ▁film , ▁wanted ▁the ▁story ▁to ▁depend ▁on ▁" how ▁the ▁girl ▁behav es ", ▁and ▁felt ▁that ▁" every ▁shooting ▁schedule ▁[ was ] ▁un predict able ." ▁According ▁to ▁him , ▁the ▁film ▁expl ores ▁issues ▁faced ▁by ▁married ▁cou ples , ▁and ▁comp uls ions ▁about ▁the ▁concepts ▁of ▁family ▁and ▁children . ▁Kap ri ▁spent ▁four ▁months ▁with ▁the ▁child , ▁getting ▁to ▁know ▁her ▁and ▁familiar ise ▁her ▁with ▁the ▁other ▁crew ▁members . ▁ ▁Though ▁the ▁girl ▁had ▁never ▁acted ▁before , ▁Kap ri ▁is ▁close ▁friends ▁with ▁her ▁parents , ▁so ▁they ▁agreed ▁for ▁her ▁to ▁act ▁on ▁this ▁project . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁shot ▁for ▁two ▁hours ▁a ▁day ▁with ▁three ▁cam eras ▁placed ▁on |
▁the ▁set ▁since ▁Kap ri ▁felt ▁" you ▁can ’ t ▁ask ▁a ▁two - year - old ▁to ▁give ▁another ▁take ." ▁Kap ri ▁made ▁some ▁changes ▁in ▁the ▁script ▁based ▁on ▁My ra ' s ▁behavior al ▁patterns . ▁For ▁two ▁months , ▁My ra ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁flat ▁that ▁was ▁r ented ▁for ▁shoot . ▁Kap ri ▁had ▁to ▁wait ▁for ▁six ▁months ▁after ▁he ▁had ▁final ised ▁My ra ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁due ▁to ▁production ▁issues . ▁Later , ▁his ▁friend ▁K ish en ▁K umar ▁came ▁on ▁board ▁as ▁a ▁producer . ▁With ▁a ▁budget ▁of ▁, ▁they ▁started ▁shooting ▁the ▁film , ▁but ▁K umar ▁suffered ▁a ▁card iac ▁arrest ▁and ▁Kap ri ▁had ▁to ▁again ▁seek ▁help ▁for ▁the ▁film ' s ▁post - production ▁budget . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁H indi - language ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁children ▁Category : Ind ian ▁thr iller ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Port land ▁Chamber ▁Orchestra ▁is ▁an ▁or chestra ▁based ▁in ▁Port land , ▁Oregon . ▁F ounded ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁by ▁Bor is ▁Sir po , ▁its ▁first ▁performance ▁was ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁at ▁the ▁Ne igh b ors ▁of ▁Wood craft ▁Aud itor ium . ▁Its ▁home ▁ven ue ▁is ▁Lewis ▁& ▁Clark ▁College . |
▁ ▁First ▁concert ▁ ▁Bor is ▁Sir po , ▁the ▁found ing ▁music ▁director , ▁was ▁an ▁ener get ic ▁and ▁demand ing ▁conduct or . ▁The ▁first ▁concert ▁performed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁was ▁a ▁tour ▁de ▁force ▁of ▁performance ▁which ▁included ▁Gl uck ' s ▁O vert ure ▁to ▁Or phe us , ▁Cor elli ' s ▁Con cer to ▁Gros so , ▁John ▁Hum ph ries ' s ▁Con cer to ▁for ▁Str ings , ▁Carl ▁St am itz ' s ▁Orchestra ▁Quart et , ▁Paul ▁Hin dem ith ' s ▁Three ▁Pie ces ▁for ▁Str ings , ▁Jean ▁Sib el ius ' s ▁Rom ance ▁in ▁C , ▁ ▁A . ▁Ar ens ky ' s ▁Vari ations ▁on ▁a ▁Th eme ▁by ▁Tsch a ik ow sky , ▁and ▁Bach ' s ▁Con cer to ▁in ▁A ▁Minor ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁Th eme ▁by ▁V ival di . ▁ ▁Music ▁direct ors / con duct ors ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 7 - 1 9 6 7 ▁Bor is ▁Sir po ▁ 1 9 6 7 - 1 9 7 0 ▁John ▁Tru de au ▁ 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 9 2 ▁Paul ▁Bell am ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁S ylvan ▁F rem aux ▁guest ▁conduct or ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Charles ▁Schne ider ▁guest ▁conduct or ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Anthony ▁Ar more ▁guest ▁conduct or ▁ 1 9 9 3 - 1 9 9 6 ▁Charles ▁Schne ider ▁ |
1 9 9 6 - 2 0 0 2 ▁Anthony ▁Ar more ▁ 2 0 0 2 – present ▁Ya ac ov ▁Berg man ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Port land ▁Chamber ▁Orchestra ▁( o fficial ▁website ) ▁ ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Port land , ▁Oregon ▁Category : American ▁orch est ras ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Oregon ▁Category : Or ch est ras ▁based ▁in ▁Oregon <0x0A> </s> ▁Str zel no ▁K las zt or ne ▁ ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Str zel no , ▁within ▁M og il no ▁County , ▁K uy av ian - P omer an ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁north - central ▁Poland . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Str zel no ▁K las zt or ne <0x0A> </s> ▁F og hat ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁album ▁by ▁the ▁band ▁F og hat . ▁The ▁first ▁of ▁their ▁two ▁self - t itled ▁albums , ▁it ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁on ▁Bear sv ille ▁Records . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁" I ▁Just ▁W ant ▁to ▁Make ▁Love ▁to ▁You " ▁( Will ie ▁D ixon ) ▁- ▁ 4 : 2 1 ▁" Tr ouble , ▁Tr ouble " ▁( D ave ▁P ever ett ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 2 0 ▁" Le av in ' ▁Again ▁( Ag ain ! )" ▁( P ever ett , |
▁Tony ▁Stevens ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 3 6 ▁" F ool ' s ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame " ▁( P ever ett ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 5 8 ▁" S ar ah ▁Lee " ▁( P ever ett , ▁Rod ▁Price ) ▁- ▁ 4 : 3 6 ▁" High way ▁( K illing ▁Me )" ▁( P ever ett , ▁Price ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 5 1 ▁" May bell ine " ▁( s ic ) ▁( Ch uck ▁Ber ry ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 3 3 ▁" A ▁H ole ▁to ▁H ide ▁In " ▁( P ever ett , ▁Price , ▁Roger ▁Earl ) ▁- ▁ 4 : 0 6 ▁" G otta ▁Get ▁to ▁Know ▁You " ▁( D ead ric ▁Mal one , ▁Andre ▁Williams ) ▁- ▁ 7 : 4 4 ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Dave ▁P ever ett : ▁vocals , ▁rh ythm ▁guitar ▁Rod ▁Price : ▁lead ▁and ▁slide ▁guitar , ▁do bro ▁Tony ▁Stevens : ▁bass ▁guitar , ▁harm ony ▁vocals ▁Roger ▁Earl : ▁drums , ▁per cussion ▁ ▁Add itional ▁mus icians ▁Andy ▁Fair we ather ▁Low : ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Dave ▁Edmund s : ▁additional ▁gu it ars ▁John ▁Ward : ▁additional ▁bass ▁Col in ▁Earl : ▁piano ▁ ▁Production ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Dave ▁Edmund s ▁Engine ered ▁by ▁Ralph ▁Down s ▁and ▁Kings ley ▁Ward ▁M ixed ▁by ▁Dave ▁Edmund s , ▁tracks ▁ 5 ▁and ▁ 7 ▁mixed ▁by ▁Nick ▁James on ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁F og hat |
▁Website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 2 ▁debut ▁albums ▁Category : F og hat ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Dave ▁Edmund s ▁Category : B ear sv ille ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Z aw ory ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁K si ąż ▁Wiel k opol ski , ▁within ▁Ś rem ▁County , ▁Gre ater ▁Poland ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁west - central ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁K si ąż ▁Wiel k opol ski , ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁Ś rem , ▁and ▁ ▁south - east ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Poz na ń . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 0 1 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Z aw ory <0x0A> </s> ▁Spe cht sh orn ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁H oh ne ▁in ▁the ▁collect ive ▁municipality ▁of ▁L ach endorf ▁in ▁C elle ▁district , ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁state ▁of ▁Lower ▁Sax ony . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁Spe cht sh orn ▁lies ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁River ▁Wie he , ▁a ▁right - hand ▁trib ut ary ▁of ▁the ▁Schwar zw asser . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Spe cht sh orn ▁Village ▁Chron icle ▁was ▁collected ▁and ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁by ▁Karl - He in rich ▁D ral le . ▁ ▁Until ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁DE A ▁extracted ▁cru de ▁oil ▁at ▁various ▁locations ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁Spe cht sh orn ▁( |
e . g . ▁in ▁Sch mar lo h ). ▁The ▁many ▁green ▁p umps ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁character ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁ ▁Religion ▁ ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁inhabitants ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁Luther an ▁parish ▁of ▁H oh ne . ▁ ▁Nature ▁monuments ▁▁ ▁The ▁Tor f mo or , ▁a ▁pe at ▁lake ▁several ▁kilometres ▁from ▁Spe cht sh orn ▁is ▁today ▁a ▁popular ▁location ▁for ▁ice - sk ating . ▁It ▁was ▁formerly ▁used ▁to ▁provide ▁fuel ▁for ▁the ▁region . ▁ ▁Spe cht sh orn ▁lies ▁near ▁the ▁Sch mar lo h , ▁a ▁cultural ▁landscape , ▁which ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁migration ▁and ▁bre eding ▁area ▁for ▁birds . ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Lower ▁Sax ony ▁Category : C elle ▁( d istrict ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁basketball ▁sc andal ▁involved ▁National ▁Colleg iate ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁( N CAA ) ▁rules ▁viol ations , ▁most ▁not ably ▁academic ▁d ish on esty , ▁committed ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁program . ▁The ▁story ▁broke ▁the ▁day ▁before ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁NCAA ▁Tournament , ▁when ▁the ▁St . ▁Paul ▁P ione er ▁Press ▁reported ▁that ▁Minnesota ▁academic ▁coun sel ing ▁office ▁manager ▁Jan ▁G angel hoff ▁had ▁done ▁course work ▁for ▁at ▁least ▁ 2 0 ▁Minnesota ▁basketball ▁players ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁resulting ▁sc andal , ▁four ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁basketball ▁team ▁were ▁immediately ▁susp ended |
, ▁pending ▁an ▁investigation ▁for ▁academic ▁fra ud . ▁Head ▁coach ▁C lem ▁H ask ins , ▁men ' s ▁athlet ic ▁director ▁Mark ▁D ien hart , ▁and ▁university ▁vice ▁president ▁McK in ley ▁Boston ▁all ▁res igned . ▁Minnesota ▁volunt arily ▁sat ▁out ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 0 0 ▁post season , ▁among ▁other ▁self - im posed ▁san ctions . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁NCAA ▁placed ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁program ▁on ▁four ▁years ' ▁prob ation ▁and ▁reduced ▁scholar ships , ▁based ▁on ▁numerous ▁find ings ▁of ▁academic ▁fra ud , ▁impro per ▁benefits , ▁and ▁other ▁eth ics ▁viol ations . ▁ ▁St . ▁Paul ▁P ione er ▁Press ▁reporting ▁On ▁March ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁day ▁before ▁Minnesota ▁was ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Tournament , ▁the ▁St . ▁Paul ▁P ione er ▁Press ▁reported , ▁in ▁an ▁article ▁by ▁George ▁Do hr mann , ▁that ▁Jan ▁G angel hoff , ▁an ▁office ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁university ▁academic ▁coun sel ing ▁unit , ▁alleg ed ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁completed ▁hundreds ▁of ▁pieces ▁of ▁course work ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 ▁Minnesota ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players . ▁According ▁to ▁Do hr mann , ▁former ▁players ▁including ▁Court ney ▁James ▁and ▁Bobby ▁Jackson ▁cor ro bor ated ▁G angel hoff ' s ▁claims . ▁G angel hoff ▁provided ▁him ▁with ▁printed ▁samples ▁of ▁course work ▁written ▁by |
▁her ▁and ▁turned ▁in ▁by ▁students . ▁Among ▁other ▁alleg ations ▁by ▁G angel hoff : ▁she ▁was ▁allowed ▁to ▁continue ▁assist ing ▁players ▁despite ▁being ▁caught ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁doing ▁a ▁take - home ▁exam ▁with ▁a ▁player , ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁drove ▁players ▁to ▁G angel hoff ' s ▁home ▁for ▁t utor ing ▁sessions ▁in ▁possible ▁viol ation ▁of ▁NCAA ▁rules , ▁G angel hoff ▁dup licated ▁the ▁same ▁work ▁for ▁different ▁student - ath let es ▁to ▁turn ▁in ▁to ▁different ▁classes , ▁and ▁coach ▁C lem ▁H ask ins ▁paid ▁G angel hoff ▁in ▁c ash ▁to ▁t utor ▁players . ▁ ▁Im medi ately ▁after ▁the ▁P ione er ▁Press ▁reported ▁this ▁story , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁began ▁an ▁investigation , ▁susp ending ▁four ▁players ▁for ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Tournament : ▁star ters ▁Kevin ▁Clark ▁and ▁Mil es ▁Tar ver , ▁and ▁res erves ▁Antoine ▁Bro xs ie ▁and ▁Jason ▁Stan ford , ▁alleg ed ▁as ▁among ▁those ▁for ▁whom ▁G angel hoff ▁had ▁done ▁work . ▁Minnesota ▁lost ▁to ▁Gonz aga ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁tournament ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 1 . ▁Minnesota ▁governor ▁J esse ▁Vent ura ▁accused ▁the ▁P ione er ▁Press ▁of ▁timing ▁the ▁article ▁to ▁be ▁published ▁around ▁NCAA ▁Tournament ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁sake ▁of ▁" sens ational ism ▁journal ism ." ▁The ▁newspaper ▁received ▁many ▁host ile ▁calls ▁and ▁letters ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁this ▁ ▁report . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁March ▁ 1 0 ▁article , |
▁two ▁more ▁people ▁came ▁forward ▁claim ing ▁to ▁have ▁done ▁course work ▁for ▁Minnesota ▁basketball ▁players : ▁G angel hoff ' s ▁sister ▁Jean ne ▁P ayer ▁and ▁Alex andra ▁G ould ing , ▁a ▁Minnesota ▁soci ology ▁doctor al ▁candidate . ▁In ▁a ▁P ione er ▁Press ▁article ▁published ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁G ould ing ▁said ▁that ▁she ▁wrote ▁a ▁paper ▁for ▁Minnesota ▁starting ▁forward ▁Court ney ▁James ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁After ▁telling ▁coach ▁H ask ins ▁that ▁she ▁would ▁never ▁do ▁student - ath let es ' ▁assign ments ▁again , ▁G ould ing ▁said ▁H ask ins ▁respond ed : ▁"[ James ] ▁needed ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁help ." ▁ ▁NCAA ▁investigation ▁and ▁find ings ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁NCAA ▁published ▁its ▁public ▁inf ra ctions ▁report ▁rel ating ▁to ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁men ' s ▁basketball . ▁Among ▁its ▁find ings ▁of ▁rules ▁viol ations : ▁G angel hoff ▁prepared ▁nearly ▁ 4 0 0 ▁pieces ▁of ▁course work ▁for ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 8 ▁basketball ▁players ; ▁Al on zo ▁New by , ▁the ▁academic ▁coun sel or ▁assigned ▁to ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁at ▁Minnesota , ▁ ▁orch estr ated ▁the ▁academic ▁fra ud ; ▁Head ▁coach ▁C lem ▁H ask ins ▁knew ▁about ▁G angel hoff ' s ▁fra ud ul ent ▁activities , ▁and ▁impro per ly ▁provided ▁benefits ▁to ▁G angel hoff |
▁and ▁New by ; ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁an ▁academ ics ▁coun sel or ▁quoted ▁H ask ins ▁in ▁a ▁mem o ▁as ▁saying : ▁" If ▁someone ▁doing ▁a ▁paper ▁for ▁a ▁student - ath lete ▁would ▁allow ▁him ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁be ▁el ig ible ▁to ▁comp ete ▁and ▁therefore ▁succeed , ▁we ▁need ▁to ▁do ▁the ▁paper ▁for ▁him ;" ▁The ▁academic ▁coun sel or ▁and ▁other ▁basketball ▁staff ers ▁int im id ated ▁profess ors ▁and ▁registr ar ▁staff ▁into ▁changing ▁gr ades ▁for ▁student - ath let es ▁to ▁maintain ▁el ig ibility . ▁ ▁Additionally , ▁the ▁NCAA ▁discovered ▁that ▁H ask ins ▁and ▁other ▁staff ers ▁had ▁provided ▁impro per ▁benefits ▁to ▁rec ruits ▁and ▁student - ath let es , ▁including ▁c ash ▁pay ments ▁made ▁to ▁student - ath let es . ▁R ules ▁viol ations ▁extended ▁to ▁football ▁and ▁men ' s ▁ice ▁hockey ▁student - ath let es , ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁San ctions ▁ ▁Self - im posed ▁Following ▁an ▁internal ▁investigation ▁launched ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁university ▁self - im posed ▁the ▁following ▁san ctions ▁on ▁its ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁program , ▁among ▁others : ▁A ▁post season ▁ban ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 0 0 ▁season ; ▁A ▁reduction ▁of ▁three ▁scholar ships ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 0 0 ▁season ▁and ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁four ▁scholar ships ▁reduced |
▁from ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 0 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 ▁seasons ; ▁For fe iture ▁of ▁ 9 0 % ▁of ▁money ▁earned ▁from ▁appearances ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁NCAA ▁Tourn aments . ▁ ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁university ▁paid ▁$ 1 . 5 ▁million ▁to ▁buy ▁out ▁the ▁contract ▁of ▁C lem ▁H ask ins . ▁It ▁h ired ▁Gonz aga ▁head ▁coach ▁Dan ▁M ons on ▁a ▁month ▁later ▁to ▁replace ▁H ask ins . ▁This ▁was ▁four ▁months ▁after ▁Gonz aga ▁beat ▁Minnesota ▁in ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Tournament . ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁that ▁Minnesota ▁released ▁its ▁report ▁of ▁its ▁internal ▁investigation ▁of ▁the ▁sc andal , ▁Minnesota ▁president ▁Mark ▁Y ud of ▁accepted ▁the ▁res ign ations ▁of ▁vice ▁president ▁McK in ley ▁Boston ▁and ▁men ' s ▁athlet ic ▁director ▁Mark ▁D ien hart . ▁ ▁Three ▁years ▁later , ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Hen ne pin ▁County ▁District ▁Judge ▁Deb or ah ▁Hed l und ▁ordered ▁H ask ins ▁to ▁return ▁$ 8 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁of ▁the ▁$ 1 . 5 ▁million ▁in ▁buy out ▁money ▁paid ▁to ▁him . ▁This ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁an ▁arbitr ator ' s ▁recommendation , |
▁after ▁the ▁university ▁argued ▁that ▁H ask ins ▁had ▁committed ▁fra ud ▁by ▁lying ▁to ▁the ▁NCAA ▁yet ▁accepting ▁the ▁buy out ▁money . ▁ ▁NCAA ▁Following ▁its ▁investigation , ▁the ▁NCAA ▁issued ▁the ▁following ▁san ctions ▁to ▁the ▁university : ▁Four ▁years ▁of ▁prob ation ▁until ▁October ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ; ▁A ▁reduction ▁of ▁five ▁scholar ships ▁in ▁total ▁until ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 ▁season ; ▁A ▁reduction ▁of ▁six ▁paid ▁vis its ▁by ▁rec ruits ▁until ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁season ; ▁V ac ancy ▁of ▁all ▁appearances ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁NCAA ▁Tourn aments ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁National ▁Inv it ational ▁Tourn aments , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁individual ▁records ▁of ▁those ▁student - ath let es ▁found ▁to ▁have ▁committed ▁academic ▁fra ud ; ▁and ▁Show - c ause ▁pen alt ies ▁for ▁H ask ins ▁and ▁New by ▁( both ▁until ▁October ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁and ▁G angel hoff ▁( until ▁October ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ). ▁ ▁Ext ension ▁of ▁prob ation ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁the ▁NCAA ▁found ▁Minnesota ▁Golden ▁G oph ers ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁li able ▁for ▁multiple ▁rule ▁viol ations ▁regarding ▁practice ▁time ▁and ▁benefits ▁that |
▁occurred ▁under ▁the ▁watch ▁of ▁then - head ▁coach ▁Ch ery l ▁Little j ohn ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁Because ▁the ▁NCAA ▁treated ▁the ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁viol ations ▁as ▁a ▁separate ▁matter ▁from ▁the ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁academic ▁viol ations , ▁Minnesota ▁avoided ▁being ▁designated ▁a ▁repeat ▁viol ator ▁and ▁getting ▁the ▁" de ath ▁penalty " ▁for ▁the ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁program . ▁Instead , ▁the ▁NCAA ▁extended ▁the ▁existing ▁prob ation ary ▁period ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁After math ▁Bro xs ie ▁transferred ▁to ▁Oklahoma ▁State ▁after ▁the ▁spring ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁sem ester . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Do hr mann ▁won ▁the ▁Pul itzer ▁Prize ▁for ▁beat ▁reporting ▁for ▁his ▁reports ▁on ▁the ▁sc andal . ▁According ▁to ▁Gene va ▁Over hol ser ▁of ▁the ▁Project ▁for ▁Ex cell ence ▁in ▁Journal ism , ▁" the ▁clos eness ▁of ▁the ▁sports ▁writing ▁community , ▁Do hr mann ▁and ▁his ▁editor ▁knew , ▁meant ▁that ▁others ▁would ▁be ▁quite ▁ready ▁to ▁turn ▁on ▁them ▁if ▁their ▁work ▁finger ed ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁T win ▁C ities ' ▁most ▁bel oved ▁figures ." ▁ ▁Minnesota ▁finished ▁its ▁first ▁season ▁under ▁NCAA ▁prob ation ▁ 1 8 – 1 4 , ▁including ▁an ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁N IT . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁Star ▁Trib une ▁reported ▁that ▁new |
▁coach ▁M ons on ▁" re built " ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁program ▁after ▁the ▁sc andal ▁" f aster ▁than ▁seemed ▁possible ." ▁Minnesota ▁made ▁the ▁N IT ▁again ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁and ▁next ▁made ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Tournament ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁H ask ins ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁sc out ▁for ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Tim ber wol ves ▁for ▁a ▁year ▁after ▁leaving ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota . ▁He ▁then ▁retired ▁to ▁his ▁farm ▁in ▁Campbell sv ille , ▁Kentucky . ▁D ien hart ▁became ▁an ▁executive ▁at ▁US ▁Bank ▁after ▁res ign ing ▁as ▁men ' s ▁athlet ic ▁director . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁higher ▁education ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁as ▁senior ▁vice ▁president ▁for ▁institution al ▁adv ancement ▁at ▁his ▁al ma ▁mater , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁St . ▁Thomas ▁in ▁Saint ▁Paul , ▁Minnesota . ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁appointed ▁as ▁executive ▁vice ▁president ▁and ▁chief ▁operating ▁officer , ▁serving ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁when ▁he ▁went ▁to ▁a ▁foundation . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Boston ▁was ▁athlet ic ▁director ▁at ▁New ▁Mexico ▁State ▁University . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁NCAA ▁summary ▁of ▁major ▁inf ra ctions ▁NCAA ▁public ▁inf ra ctions ▁report ▁for ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota , ▁T win ▁C ities , ▁published ▁October ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁Form ats : ▁PDF , ▁HTML |
▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁basketball ▁sc andal ▁news ▁coverage ▁by ▁Minnesota ▁Public ▁Radio ▁Special ▁reports ▁on ▁the ▁sc andal ▁by ▁the ▁St . ▁Paul ▁P ione er ▁Press ▁from ▁March ▁to ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁▁ ▁ ▁Minnesota ▁Minnesota ▁Sc andal ▁Minnesota ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁in ▁sports ▁in ▁Minnesota <0x0A> </s> ▁Gu ill ermo ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁is ▁a ▁Mexican / Ch icano ▁performance ▁artist , ▁writer , ▁activ ist , ▁and ▁educ ator . ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁has ▁created ▁work ▁in ▁multiple ▁media , ▁including ▁performance ▁art , ▁experimental ▁radio , ▁video , ▁phot ography ▁and ▁installation ▁art . ▁His ▁ten ▁books ▁include ▁ess ays , ▁experimental ▁poetry , ▁performance ▁scripts ▁and ▁chron icles ▁in ▁both ▁English , ▁Spanish ▁and ▁Sp ang lish . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁found ing ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁art ▁collect ive ▁Border ▁Arts ▁Work shop / T aller ▁de ▁Arte ▁F ron ter izo ▁and ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁performance ▁art ▁tr oupe ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra . ▁ ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁has ▁contributed ▁to ▁cultural ▁deb ates ▁for ▁nearly ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁st aging ▁sem inal ▁performance ▁art ▁pieces ▁including ▁Cou ple ▁in ▁The ▁C age : ▁Two ▁Und isc over ed ▁Amer ind ians ▁Vis it ▁the ▁West ▁( with ▁C oco ▁F us co , ▁ 1 9 9 2 – 9 3 ), ▁The ▁Cru c if iction ▁Project ▁( with ▁Roberto ▁S if u entes , ▁ 1 9 |
9 4 ), ▁Temple ▁of ▁Conf essions ▁( 1 9 9 5 ), ▁The ▁Mex termin ator ▁Project ▁( 1 9 9 7 – 9 9 ), The ▁Living ▁Museum ▁of ▁F et ish ized ▁Ident ities , ▁( 1 9 9 9 - 2 0 0 2 ), ▁the ▁Map a / Cor po ▁series ▁( 2 0 0 4 - 2 0 0 9 ), ▁ ▁Cor po ▁I lic ito ▁( 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 1 ) ▁and ▁most ▁recently ▁Cor po ▁In sur rect o ▁( 2 0 1 2 - 2 0 1 3 ). ▁ ▁His ▁performance ▁work ▁mix es ▁experimental ▁a est het ics , ▁activ ist ▁politics , ▁Sp ang lish ▁humor ▁and ▁audience ▁participation ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁" total ▁experience " ▁for ▁the ▁audience ▁member / reader / v iewer . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Gu ill ermo ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Mexico ▁City ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁He ▁studied ▁L ingu istics ▁and ▁Latin ▁American ▁Liter ature ▁at ▁National ▁Aut onom ous ▁University ▁of ▁Mexico ▁( U NA M ) ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 4 – 1 9 7 8 . ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁US ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁and ▁studied ▁at ▁California ▁Institute ▁of ▁the ▁Arts , ▁ear ning ▁a ▁B . A . ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁and ▁an ▁M . A . ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁Work |
▁From ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁lived ▁in ▁the ▁San ▁Diego / T iju ana ▁border ▁region . ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁his ▁art istic ▁and ▁intellectual ▁work ▁concerns ▁the ▁interface ▁between ▁North ▁and ▁South ▁( M ex ico ▁and ▁the ▁U . S .), ▁border ▁culture ▁and ▁the ▁politics ▁of ▁the ▁brown ▁body . ▁His ▁original ▁inter dis cipl inary ▁arts ▁projects ▁and ▁books ▁explore ▁borders , ▁physical , ▁cultural ▁and ▁otherwise , ▁between ▁his ▁two ▁countries ▁and ▁between ▁the ▁main stream ▁U . S . ▁and ▁the ▁various ▁Lat ino ▁cult ures : ▁the ▁U . S .- M ex ico ▁border ▁itself , ▁imm igration , ▁cross - c ult ural ▁and ▁hy brid ▁ident ities , ▁and ▁the ▁confront ation ▁and ▁misunder stand ings ▁between ▁cult ures , ▁languages ▁and ▁races . ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁was ▁a ▁found ing ▁member ▁of ▁Border ▁Arts ▁Work shop / T aller ▁de ▁Arte ▁F ron ter izo , ▁an ▁international ▁arts ▁collect ive ▁based ▁at ▁the ▁Centro ▁Cultural ▁de ▁la ▁R aza ▁in ▁San ▁Diego . ▁ ▁His ▁art work ▁and ▁literature ▁also ▁explore ▁the ▁politics ▁of ▁language , ▁the ▁side ▁effects ▁of ▁global ization , ▁" ext reme ▁culture ," ▁the ▁culture ▁of ▁violence ▁and ▁new ▁techn ologies ▁from ▁a ▁Lat ino ▁perspective . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁patron ▁of ▁the ▁London - based ▁Live ▁Art ▁Development ▁Agency ▁and ▁a ▁Senior ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Hem is pher ic ▁Institute |
▁of ▁Performance ▁and ▁Polit ics ▁( N Y U ). ▁ ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁is ▁the ▁art istic ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁international ▁performance ▁tr oupe ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra . ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁is ▁a ▁trans - dis cipl inary ▁arts ▁organization ▁that ▁provides ▁a ▁support ▁network ▁and ▁forum ▁for ▁artists ▁of ▁various ▁discipl ines , ▁gener ations ▁and ▁eth nic ▁background s . ▁La ▁P och a ▁is ▁devoted ▁to ▁er asing ▁the ▁borders ▁between ▁art ▁and ▁politics , ▁art ▁practice ▁and ▁theory , ▁artist ▁and ▁spect ator . ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁has ▁intens ely ▁focused ▁on ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁collaboration ▁across ▁national ▁borders , ▁race , ▁gender ▁and ▁gener ations ▁as ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁radical ▁citiz en ▁diplom acy ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁means ▁to ▁create ▁temporary ▁communities ▁of ▁re bel ▁artists . ▁Every ▁year , ▁La ▁P och a ▁conduct s ▁a ▁summer ▁and ▁a ▁winter ▁performance ▁art ▁school ▁in ▁which ▁P och a ' s ▁radical ▁ped ag ogy ▁( a ▁performance ▁method ology ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁developed ▁during ▁the ▁last ▁ 1 0 ▁years ) ▁is ▁shared ▁with ▁an ▁international ▁group ▁of ▁re bel ▁artists . ▁ ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ' s ▁work ▁with ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁has ▁been ▁presented ▁across ▁the ▁US , ▁Canada , ▁Mexico , ▁Latin ▁America , ▁Europe , ▁Russia , ▁Australia ▁and ▁South ▁Africa . ▁In ▁recent ▁years |
, ▁the ▁tr oupe ▁has ▁presented ▁work ▁at ▁T ate ▁Modern ▁( Lond on ), ▁Arn olf ini ▁( B rist ol ), ▁the ▁G ug gen heim ▁Museum ▁( New ▁York ), ▁L AC MA ▁( Los ▁Angeles ), ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁World ▁Cult ures ▁and ▁the ▁Volks bu h ne ▁( Ber lin ), ▁MAC BA ▁( Bar cel ona ), ▁El ▁Museo ▁de ▁la ▁Ciudad ▁( M ex ico ▁City ) ▁and ▁the ▁En cu ent ros ▁Hem is fér icos ▁in ▁Lima , ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro , ▁Bel o ▁Hor iz onte , ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁and ▁São ▁Paulo . ▁G ome z - Pe ña ▁and ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁have ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁B ienn ales : ▁Hav ana , The ▁With ney , ▁Sydney , ▁Liverpool , ▁Th ess al on iki ▁and ▁Mer cos ur . ▁The ▁tr oupe ' s ▁photo ▁performances ▁are ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁permanent ▁collection ▁of ▁Dar os ▁Foundation ▁( Z ur ich ) ▁and ▁Gal eria ▁Art ific ios ▁( G ran ▁Can aria ). ▁ ▁Coll abor ation ▁with ▁C oco ▁F us co ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁tra ve led ▁intern ation ally ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁with ▁fellow ▁artist ▁C oco ▁F us co ▁performing ▁The ▁Year ▁of ▁the ▁White ▁Bear ▁and ▁Two ▁Und isc over ed ▁Amer ind ians ▁Vis it ▁the ▁West ▁( 1 9 9 2 – 1 9 9 4 ), ▁a ▁sat ir ical ▁performance ▁piece ▁in ▁which ▁the |
▁two ▁artists ▁were ▁exhib ited ▁in ▁a ▁c age ▁in ▁museum s ▁and ▁at ▁arts ▁festiv als ▁as ▁" authentic " ▁Amer ind ians ▁from ▁a ▁previously ▁und isc over ed ▁island ▁off ▁the ▁Mexican ▁coast . ▁ ▁The ▁pair ▁dressed ▁up ▁in ▁a ▁h odge pod ge ▁of ▁eth nic ▁drag ▁and ▁bits ▁of ▁Amer icana ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁baseball ▁cap ▁and ▁grass ▁sk irt ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁F us co , ▁and ▁face ▁paint ▁and ▁a ▁le op ard - sk in ▁wrest ling ▁mask ▁for ▁Gó mez - Pe ña . ▁ ▁C oco ▁F us co ▁described ▁the ▁piece ▁as ▁" a ▁sat ir ical ▁comment ary ▁both ▁on ▁the ▁Qu in cent en ary ▁celebr ations ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁this ▁practice ▁of ▁exhib iting ▁human ▁be ings ▁from ▁Africa , ▁Asia , ▁and ▁Latin ▁America ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁zo os , ▁the aters , ▁and ▁museum s ." ▁ ▁During ▁its ▁run , ▁the ▁crit ically ▁acc laimed ▁piece ▁was ▁performed ▁at ▁major ▁museum s ▁and ▁arts ▁festiv als ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁Washington , ▁DC , ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁Chicago ▁and ▁Madrid , ▁Spain , ▁amongst ▁others . ▁ ▁The ▁Year ▁of ▁the ▁White ▁Bear ▁was ▁sometimes ▁accompanied ▁by ▁a ▁performance ▁piece ▁entitled ▁New ▁World ▁( B ) Order , ▁which ▁Chicago ▁Re ader ▁art ▁critic ▁Car m ela ▁R ago ▁called ▁" the ▁den ou ement ▁of ▁the ▁performance ▁installation ▁at ▁the ▁Field ▁Museum ; ▁using ▁ir ony ▁and |
▁humor ▁G ome z - P ena ▁and ▁F us co ▁allowed ▁us ▁to ▁cont em plate ▁the ▁next ▁step -- be ing ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁world ▁border ▁culture , ▁rec laim ing ▁our ▁human ity ▁and ▁our ▁hearts ." ▁The ▁artists ▁also ▁worked ▁with ▁film maker ▁Pa ula ▁Her edia ▁to ▁create ▁The ▁Cou ple ▁in ▁the ▁C age : ▁Gu at ian au i ▁Od ys sey , ▁a ▁document ary ▁that ▁records ▁several ▁performances ▁for ▁The ▁Year ▁of ▁the ▁White ▁Bear ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁vie wer ▁re actions ▁to ▁the ▁work . ▁ ▁Add itional ▁Coll abor ations ▁Besides ▁working ▁in ▁an ▁on going ▁basis ▁with ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁( Em ma ▁Tr am pos ch , ▁Roberto ▁S if u entes , ▁M iche le ▁C eb all os , ▁V io le ta ▁L una , ▁D ani ▁d ' Em ilia , ▁Sa ul ▁Gar cia ▁L ope z , ▁Er ica ▁M ott ▁and ▁Daniel ▁Brit t any ▁Ch ave z ). ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁San ▁Diego - based ▁Border ▁Arts ▁Work shop / T aller ▁de ▁Arte ▁F ron ter izo ▁( BA W / T AF ) ▁art ▁collect ive ▁which ▁also ▁included ▁artist ▁Em ily ▁H icks , ▁Ber tha ▁J ott ar , ▁Richard ▁Lou , ▁Victor ▁O cho a , ▁Robert ▁San chez , ▁Michael ▁Sch nor r ▁and ▁Roc ío ▁We iss . ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁has |
▁done ▁collabor ative ▁art ▁projects ▁and ▁with ▁James ▁L una , ▁Re ver end ▁Billy , ▁T ania ▁Bru gu era , ▁Richard ▁Mon to ya ▁and ▁S ara ▁Sh el ton ▁Mann . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ors ▁▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Art ists ▁Fellow ▁award , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁The ▁Free ▁Culture ▁Award , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁▁ ▁C ine aste ▁L if etime ▁Ach iev ement ▁Award , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁ ▁The ▁American ▁Book ▁Award ▁for ▁New ▁World ▁Border , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁V iva ▁Los ▁Art istas ▁Award , ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁ ▁John ▁D . ▁and ▁Catherine ▁T . ▁Mac Ar thur ▁Fellow ship , ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Ch icano ▁artist ▁to ▁receive ▁this ▁award . ▁ ▁Prix ▁de ▁la ▁Par ole , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁ ▁The ▁B ess ie ▁Award , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁ ▁The ▁Fle ish h acker ▁Foundation ▁E ure ka ▁Fellow ship , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Books ▁▁ ▁War rior ▁for ▁Gr ing ost ro ika ▁( book , ▁Gray w olf ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁) ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁World ▁Border : ▁Prop he cies , ▁Po ems ▁& ▁Lo quer as ▁for ▁the ▁End ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁ ▁( book , ▁City ▁L ights , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁▁ ▁Temple |
▁of ▁Conf essions : ▁ ▁Mexican ▁Be asts ▁and ▁Living ▁Santos ▁( book , ▁power H ouse ▁Books , ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁) ▁ ▁D anger ous ▁Border ▁Cross ers ▁( book , ▁Rout ledge , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁Code x ▁Esp ang li ensis ▁( book , ▁City ▁L ights , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ) ▁▁ ▁" E th no - T ech no : ▁Writ ings ▁on ▁Performance , ▁Activ ism ▁and ▁Ped ag ogy ▁( book , ▁Rout ledge , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁) ▁ ▁El ▁Mex termin ator ▁( book , ▁O ce ano , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁Spanish . ▁ ▁Bit ac ora ▁del ▁Cru ce ▁( book , ▁F ondo ▁de ▁Cultura ▁Econom ica , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Spanish ▁and ▁Sp ang lish . ▁ ▁Con vers ations ▁Ac ross ▁B orders ▁( book , ▁Se ag ull ▁Books , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Laura ▁Le vin ▁ed . ▁▁ ▁Ex er cis es ▁for ▁Reb el ▁Art ists ▁( book , ▁Rout ledge , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Doc / Und oc ▁( book , ▁City ▁L ights , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁; ▁with ▁Fel icia ▁R ice ) ▁ ▁Video ▁ ▁Selected ▁performances ▁and ▁events ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bi ographical ▁note ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁Gray w olf ▁Press ▁ ▁Gu ill ermo ▁Gó mez - Pe |
ña ▁at ▁Video ▁Data ▁Bank ; ▁this ▁includes ▁detailed ▁descri ptions ▁of ▁his ▁videos . ▁ ▁Inter view ▁on ▁Art ▁Pract ical '' ▁ ▁Gu ill ermo ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁& ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁on ▁the ▁Hem is pher ic ▁Institute ▁Digital ▁Video ▁Library ▁( H ID V L ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁site ▁of ▁Gó mez - Pe ña ▁and ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁( re qu ires ▁Mac rom edia ▁Flash ) ▁ ▁Official ▁Ph oto ▁B log ▁of ▁G ome z - Pe ña ▁ ▁Official ▁Guide ▁to ▁La ▁P och a ▁N ost ra ▁Online ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : B ess ie ▁Award ▁w inners ▁Category : Per formance ▁art ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Category : Mac Ar thur ▁F ell ows ▁Category : Cal iforn ia ▁Institute ▁of ▁the ▁Arts ▁al umn i ▁Category : American ▁artists ▁of ▁Mexican ▁descent ▁Category : Fran k lin ▁F urn ace ▁artists ▁Category : American ▁Book ▁Award ▁w inners <0x0A> </s> ▁Kentucky ▁Route ▁ 1 0 7 ▁( K Y 1 0 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁east – west ▁state ▁highway ▁in ▁west – central ▁Kentucky . ▁The ▁western ▁( s ou thern ) ▁termin us ▁of ▁the ▁route ▁is ▁an ▁" end ▁of ▁state ▁maintenance " ▁termin us ▁near ▁the ▁Fort ▁Campbell ▁military ▁res ervation ▁south ▁of ▁Donald son ▁Creek ▁near ▁La ▁F ay ette , |
▁and ▁its ▁northern ▁( e astern ) ▁termin us ▁is ▁at ▁an ▁intersection ▁with ▁U . s . ▁Route ▁ 4 3 1 ▁( US 4 3 1 ) ▁in ▁Lewis burg . ▁ ▁Route ▁description ▁ ▁Christian ▁County ▁K Y 1 0 7 ' s ▁southern ▁termin us ▁is ▁located ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁Christian ▁County ▁community ▁of ▁La F ay ette , ▁near ▁an ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁Fort ▁Campbell ▁Military ▁Res ervation , ▁falling ▁just ▁short ▁of ▁the ▁Tennessee ▁state ▁line . ▁The ▁highway ▁starts ▁its ▁course ▁as ▁La F ay ette ▁Road ▁from ▁there ▁until ▁dow nt own ▁Hop kins ville . ▁The ▁highway ' s ▁first ▁ ▁go ▁through ▁mainly ▁rural ▁areas ▁of ▁southern ▁Christian ▁County , ▁with ▁inter sections ▁at ▁K Y 1 1 7 ▁at ▁Her nd on , ▁and ▁K Y 3 4 5 ▁at ▁B ever ly . ▁At ▁mile ▁marker 1 0 . 8 , ▁K Y 1 0 7 ▁cross es ▁over ▁I - 2 4 ▁via ▁an ▁over pass . ▁It ▁enters ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Hop kins ville ▁after ▁crossing ▁the ▁US ▁ 6 8 ▁B yp ass / US ▁ 6 8 ▁T ruck ▁Route . ▁ ▁In ▁dow nt own ▁Hop kins ville , ▁K Y 1 0 7 ▁joins ▁the ▁east bound ▁lan es ▁of ▁the ▁actual ▁alignment ▁of ▁US 4 1 / US 6 8 , ▁K Y 8 0 , ▁and ▁( with in ▁dow nt own |
▁only ) ▁K Y 1 0 9 . ▁It ▁follows ▁US 4 1 / US 6 8 ▁and ▁K Y 8 0 / K Y 1 0 9 ▁until ▁it ▁reaches ▁Campbell ▁Street . ▁K Y 1 0 7 ▁turns ▁off ▁on ▁Campbell ▁Street , ▁and ▁makes ▁a ▁right ▁turn ▁onto ▁East ▁ 7 th ▁Street . ▁It ▁then ▁goes ▁over ▁the ▁Edward ▁T . ▁Bre ath itt ▁Pen ny rile ▁Park way , ▁and ▁then ▁makes ▁a ▁turn ▁to ▁the ▁north - n ortheast ▁at ▁an ▁intersection ▁with ▁K Y 5 0 7 ▁( P il ot ▁Rock ▁Road ). ▁ ▁It ▁leaves ▁town ▁after ▁the ▁j unction ▁with ▁K Y 1 6 8 2 , ▁the ▁Hop kins ville ▁B yp ass . ▁K Y 1 0 7 ▁then ▁goes ▁through ▁the ▁communities ▁of ▁F ear sv ille , ▁where ▁it ▁cross es ▁K Y 1 8 9 . ▁ ▁Tod d ▁& ▁Log an ▁Count ies ▁After ▁exit ing ▁F ear sv ille , ▁K Y ▁ 1 0 7 ▁enters ▁northern ▁Tod d ▁County ▁near ▁Kir km ans ville ▁where ▁it ▁meets ▁K Y 1 7 1 . ▁It ▁then ▁gets ▁co - signed ▁with ▁K Y 1 8 1 ▁at ▁Cl if ty . ▁The ▁co - sign ing ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁state ▁routes ▁last s ▁for ▁. ▁K Y 1 0 7 ▁after ▁separ ating ▁from ▁K Y 1 8 1 ▁is ▁known |
▁as ▁Tod d - De er ▁L ick ▁Road , ▁and ▁becomes ▁just ▁De er ▁L ick ▁Road ▁upon ▁entry ▁into ▁Log an ▁County . ▁The ▁j unction ▁with ▁K Y 1 2 9 3 ▁at ▁De er ▁L ick ▁provides ▁access ▁to ▁Lake ▁Mal one . ▁K Y 1 0 7 ▁ends ▁at ▁Lewis burg , ▁where ▁it ▁intersect s ▁with ▁US 4 3 1 , ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁that ▁route ' s ▁section ▁that ▁is ▁co - signed ▁with ▁K Y ▁ 1 0 6 . ▁ ▁Major ▁inter sections ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁K Y 1 0 7 ▁at ▁Kentucky ▁Ro ads ▁▁ 0 1 0 7 ▁ 0 1 0 7 ▁ 0 1 0 7 ▁ 0 1 0 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁Jo aqu ín ▁Lo yz aga ▁Sr . ▁was ▁a ▁Philipp ine ▁international ▁footballer ▁who ▁has ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Far ▁Eastern ▁Championship ▁Games , ▁the ▁prec ursor ▁of ▁the ▁Asian ▁Games . ▁ ▁Lo yz aga ▁has ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Philippines ▁national ▁football ▁team ▁in ▁three ▁ed itions ▁of ▁the ▁Far ▁Eastern ▁Championship ▁Games ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 7 . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁Games , ▁he ▁helped ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁won ▁ 1 5 – 2 ▁over ▁Japan . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Car men ▁Mat ute ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁Carlos ▁Lo yz aga ▁who ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁basketball ▁player . |
▁The ▁younger ▁Lo yz aga ▁was ▁initially ▁involved ▁in ▁football . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁Man ila ▁Youth ▁Games ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁pl agues ▁of ▁recognition ▁of ▁select ▁athlet es ▁from ▁Man ila ▁including ▁Jo aqu in ▁Lo yz aga ▁were ▁presented . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Fil ip ino ▁football ers ▁Category : Ph ili pp ines ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Date ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ers ▁not ▁categor ized ▁by ▁position ▁Category : Fil ip ino ▁people ▁of ▁Bas que ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁Sie ben rock iella ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁genus ▁of ▁black ▁mar sh ▁t urt les . ▁It ▁used ▁to ▁be ▁monot yp ic ▁but ▁now ▁has ▁two ▁species ▁with ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁forest ▁t urt le ▁( m oved ▁from ▁the ▁genus ▁He os em ys ). ▁The ▁genus ▁was ▁originally ▁ere cted ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 ▁by ▁John ▁Edward ▁Gray ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁Bell ia , ▁comm emor ating ▁Thomas ▁Bell , ▁but ▁this ▁name ▁is ▁a ▁junior ▁hom onym ▁of ▁Bell ia ▁Mil ne - Ed wards , ▁ 1 8 4 8 , ▁a ▁cr ust ace an ▁genus . ▁The ▁replacement ▁name , ▁Sie ben rock iella , ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁by ▁Wass ili ▁Adolf ov itch ▁Lind holm , ▁and ▁comm emor ates ▁Friedrich ▁Sie ben rock . ▁ ▁Species ▁Sie ben rock iella ▁cr ass |
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