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ater al ▁appeal ▁or ▁post - conv iction ▁pet ition , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁pet ition er - app ell ant ▁files ▁the ▁appeal ▁in ▁a ▁court ▁of ▁first ▁instance — us ually ▁the ▁court ▁that ▁tried ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁The ▁key ▁distingu ishing ▁factor ▁between ▁direct ▁and ▁coll ater al ▁appe als ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁former ▁occurs ▁in ▁state ▁courts , ▁and ▁the ▁latter ▁in ▁federal ▁courts . ▁ ▁Rel ief ▁in ▁post - conv iction ▁is ▁rare ▁and ▁is ▁most ▁often ▁found ▁in ▁capital ▁or ▁violent ▁fel ony ▁cases . ▁ ▁The ▁typical ▁scenario ▁involves ▁an ▁in car cer ated ▁def endant ▁loc ating ▁DNA ▁evidence ▁demonstr ating ▁the ▁def endant ' s ▁actual ▁innoc ence . ▁ ▁App ell ate ▁review ▁" App ell ate ▁review " ▁is ▁the ▁general ▁term ▁for ▁the ▁process ▁by ▁which ▁courts ▁with ▁app ell ate ▁juris diction ▁take ▁juris diction ▁of ▁matters ▁decided ▁by ▁lower ▁courts . ▁It ▁is ▁distinguished ▁from ▁jud icial ▁review , ▁which ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁court ' s ▁overrid ing ▁constitution al ▁or ▁stat ut ory ▁right ▁to ▁determine ▁if ▁a ▁legisl ative ▁act ▁or ▁administrative ▁decision ▁is ▁defect ive ▁for ▁juris dict ional ▁or ▁other ▁reasons ▁( which ▁may ▁vary ▁by ▁juris diction ). ▁ ▁In ▁most ▁juris dict ions ▁the ▁normal ▁and ▁preferred ▁way ▁of ▁seeking ▁app ell ate ▁review ▁is ▁by ▁fil ing ▁an ▁appeal ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁judgment . ▁Gener ally , ▁an ▁appeal ▁of ▁the ▁judgment ▁will ▁also ▁allow ▁appeal ▁of ▁all ▁other ▁orders |
▁or ▁r ul ings ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁trial ▁court ▁in ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁because ▁such ▁orders ▁cannot ▁be ▁appe aled ▁" as ▁of ▁right ". ▁However , ▁certain ▁critical ▁inter loc ut ory ▁court ▁orders , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁den ial ▁of ▁a ▁request ▁for ▁an ▁inter im ▁inj unction , ▁or ▁an ▁order ▁holding ▁a ▁person ▁in ▁cont empt ▁of ▁court , ▁can ▁be ▁appe aled ▁immediately ▁although ▁the ▁case ▁may ▁otherwise ▁not ▁have ▁been ▁fully ▁dis posed ▁of . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁distinct ▁forms ▁of ▁app ell ate ▁review , ▁" direct " ▁and ▁" coll ater al ". ▁For ▁example , ▁a ▁criminal ▁def endant ▁may ▁be ▁conv icted ▁in ▁state ▁court , ▁and ▁lose ▁on ▁" direct ▁appeal " ▁to ▁higher ▁state ▁app ell ate ▁courts , ▁and ▁if ▁un success ful , ▁mount ▁a ▁" coll ater al " ▁action ▁such ▁as ▁fil ing ▁for ▁a ▁writ ▁of ▁habe as ▁cor pus ▁in ▁the ▁federal ▁courts . ▁Gener ally ▁speaking , ▁"[ d ] irect ▁appeal ▁stat utes ▁afford ▁defend ants ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁challenge ▁the ▁mer its ▁of ▁a ▁judgment ▁and ▁al lege ▁errors ▁of ▁law ▁or ▁fact . ▁... ▁[ Coll ater al ▁review ], ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁provide [ s ] ▁an ▁independent ▁and ▁civil ▁inqu iry ▁into ▁the ▁valid ity ▁of ▁a ▁conv iction ▁and ▁sentence , ▁and ▁as ▁such ▁are ▁generally ▁limited ▁to ▁challeng es ▁to ▁constitution al , ▁juris dict ional , ▁or |
▁other ▁fundamental ▁viol ations ▁that ▁occurred ▁at ▁trial ." ▁" G raham ▁v . ▁B orgen ", ▁ 4 8 3 ▁F ▁ 3 d . ▁ 4 7 5 ▁( 7 th ▁Cir . ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁( no . ▁ 0 4 - 4 1 0 3 ) ▁( s lip ▁op . ▁at ▁ 7 ) ▁( c itation ▁omitted ). ▁ ▁In ▁Ang lo - American ▁common ▁law ▁courts , ▁app ell ate ▁review ▁of ▁lower ▁court ▁dec isions ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁obtained ▁by ▁fil ing ▁a ▁pet ition ▁for ▁review ▁by ▁pr er og ative ▁writ ▁in ▁certain ▁cases . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁corresponding ▁right ▁to ▁a ▁writ ▁in ▁any ▁pure ▁or ▁contin ental ▁civil ▁law ▁legal ▁systems , ▁though ▁some ▁mixed ▁systems ▁such ▁as ▁Quebec ▁recognize ▁these ▁pr er og ative ▁writ s . ▁ ▁Direct ▁appeal ▁After ▁exhaust ing ▁the ▁first ▁appeal ▁as ▁of ▁right , ▁defend ants ▁usually ▁pet ition ▁the ▁highest ▁state ▁court ▁to ▁review ▁the ▁decision . ▁This ▁appeal ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁direct ▁appeal . ▁The ▁highest ▁state ▁court , ▁generally ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁exer cis es ▁dis cret ion ▁over ▁whether ▁it ▁will ▁review ▁the ▁case . ▁On ▁direct ▁appeal , ▁a ▁prisoner ▁challeng es ▁the ▁grounds ▁of ▁the ▁conv iction ▁based ▁on ▁an ▁error ▁that ▁occurred ▁at ▁trial ▁or ▁some ▁other ▁stage ▁in ▁the ▁adj ud ic ative ▁process . ▁ ▁Pres ervation ▁issues ▁An ▁app ell ant ' s ▁claim ( s |
) ▁must ▁usually ▁be ▁preserved ▁at ▁trial . ▁This ▁means ▁that ▁the ▁def endant ▁had ▁to ▁object ▁to ▁the ▁error ▁when ▁it ▁occurred ▁in ▁the ▁trial . ▁Because ▁constitution al ▁claims ▁are ▁of ▁great ▁magnitude , ▁app ell ate ▁courts ▁might ▁be ▁more ▁len ient ▁to ▁review ▁the ▁claim ▁even ▁if ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁preserved . ▁For ▁example , ▁Connecticut ▁applies ▁the ▁following ▁standard ▁to ▁review ▁un pres erved ▁claims : ▁ 1 . the ▁record ▁is ▁ade qu ate ▁to ▁review ▁the ▁alleg ed ▁claim ▁of ▁error ; ▁ 2 . ▁the ▁claim ▁is ▁of ▁constitution al ▁magnitude ▁alleg ing ▁the ▁viol ation ▁of ▁a ▁fundamental ▁right ; ▁ 3 . ▁the ▁alleg ed ▁constitution al ▁viol ation ▁clearly ▁exists ▁and ▁clearly ▁dep riv ed ▁the ▁def endant ▁of ▁a ▁fair ▁trial ; ▁ 4 . ▁if ▁subject ▁to ▁har ml ess ▁error ▁analysis , ▁the ▁state ▁has ▁failed ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁har ml ess ness ▁of ▁the ▁alleg ed ▁constitution al ▁viol ation ▁beyond ▁a ▁reasonable ▁doubt . ▁ ▁State ▁post - conv iction ▁relief : ▁coll ater al ▁appeal ▁All ▁States ▁have ▁a ▁post - conv iction ▁relief ▁process . ▁ ▁Similar ▁to ▁federal ▁post - conv iction ▁relief , ▁an ▁app ell ant ▁can ▁pet ition ▁the ▁court ▁to ▁correct ▁alleg ed ▁fundamental ▁errors ▁that ▁were ▁not ▁corrected ▁on ▁direct ▁review . ▁ ▁Typ ical ▁claims ▁might ▁include ▁in effect ive ▁assistance ▁of ▁coun sel ▁and ▁actual ▁innoc ence ▁based ▁on ▁new ▁evidence . ▁These ▁proceed ings ▁are ▁normally ▁separate |
▁from ▁the ▁direct ▁appeal , ▁however ▁some ▁states ▁allow ▁for ▁coll ater al ▁relief ▁to ▁be ▁sought ▁on ▁direct ▁appeal . ▁After ▁direct ▁appeal , ▁the ▁conv iction ▁is ▁considered ▁final . ▁An ▁appeal ▁from ▁the ▁post ▁conv iction ▁court ▁proceed s ▁just ▁as ▁a ▁direct ▁appeal . ▁That ▁is , ▁it ▁goes ▁to ▁the ▁intermediate ▁app ell ate ▁court , ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁highest ▁court . ▁If ▁the ▁pet ition ▁is ▁granted ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁could ▁be ▁released ▁from ▁in car cer ation , ▁the ▁sentence ▁could ▁be ▁modified , ▁or ▁a ▁new ▁trial ▁could ▁be ▁ordered . ▁ ▁H abe as ▁cor pus ▁ ▁Notice ▁of ▁appeal ▁A ▁" not ice ▁of ▁appeal " ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁or ▁document ▁that ▁in ▁many ▁cases ▁is ▁required ▁to ▁begin ▁an ▁appeal . ▁The ▁form ▁is ▁completed ▁by ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁or ▁by ▁the ▁app ell ant ' s ▁legal ▁representative . ▁The ▁nature ▁of ▁this ▁form ▁can ▁vary ▁greatly ▁from ▁country ▁to ▁country ▁and ▁from ▁court ▁to ▁court ▁within ▁a ▁country . ▁ ▁The ▁specific ▁rules ▁of ▁the ▁legal ▁system ▁will ▁dict ate ▁exactly ▁how ▁the ▁appeal ▁is ▁officially ▁begun . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁might ▁have ▁to ▁file ▁the ▁notice ▁of ▁appeal ▁with ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court , ▁or ▁with ▁the ▁court ▁from ▁which ▁the ▁appeal ▁is ▁taken , ▁or ▁both . ▁ ▁Some ▁courts ▁have ▁samples ▁of ▁a ▁notice ▁of ▁appeal ▁on ▁the ▁court ' s ▁own ▁web ▁site . ▁ ▁In ▁New ▁Jersey , |
▁for ▁example , ▁the ▁Administr ative ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Court ▁has ▁prom ul g ated ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁notice ▁of ▁appeal ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁app ell ants , ▁though ▁using ▁this ▁exact ▁form ▁is ▁not ▁mand atory ▁and ▁the ▁failure ▁to ▁use ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁juris dict ional ▁defect ▁provided ▁that ▁all ▁pert inent ▁information ▁is ▁set ▁forth ▁in ▁whatever ▁form ▁of ▁notice ▁of ▁appeal ▁is ▁used . ▁ ▁The ▁dead line ▁for ▁beginning ▁an ▁appeal ▁can ▁often ▁be ▁very ▁short : ▁tradition ally , ▁it ▁is ▁measured ▁in ▁days , ▁not ▁months . ▁This ▁can ▁vary ▁from ▁country ▁to ▁country , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁within ▁a ▁country , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁specific ▁rules ▁in ▁force . ▁In ▁the ▁U . S . ▁federal ▁court ▁system , ▁criminal ▁defend ants ▁must ▁file ▁a ▁notice ▁of ▁appeal ▁within ▁ 1 0 ▁days ▁of ▁the ▁entry ▁of ▁either ▁the ▁judgment ▁or ▁the ▁order ▁being ▁appe aled , ▁or ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁appeal ▁is ▁for fe ited . ▁ ▁App ell ate ▁procedure ▁ ▁Gener ally ▁speaking ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁exam ines ▁the ▁record ▁of ▁evidence ▁presented ▁in ▁the ▁trial ▁court ▁and ▁the ▁law ▁that ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁applied ▁and ▁dec ides ▁whether ▁that ▁decision ▁was ▁leg ally ▁sound ▁or ▁not . ▁ ▁The ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁will ▁typically ▁be ▁de fer ential ▁to ▁the ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁find ings ▁of ▁fact ▁( such ▁as ▁whether ▁a ▁def endant ▁committed ▁a ▁particular ▁act ), ▁unless ▁clearly ▁err one ous , ▁and |
▁so ▁will ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁court ' s ▁application ▁of ▁the ▁law ▁to ▁those ▁facts ▁( such ▁as ▁whether ▁the ▁act ▁found ▁by ▁the ▁court ▁to ▁have ▁occurred ▁fits ▁a ▁legal ▁definition ▁at ▁issue ). ▁ ▁If ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁finds ▁no ▁defect , ▁it ▁" aff ir ms " ▁the ▁judgment . ▁ ▁If ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁does ▁find ▁a ▁legal ▁defect ▁in ▁the ▁decision ▁" below " ▁( i . e ., ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁court ), ▁it ▁may ▁" mod ify " ▁the ▁r uling ▁to ▁correct ▁the ▁defect , ▁or ▁it ▁may ▁null ify ▁(" reverse " ▁or ▁" v ac ate ") ▁the ▁whole ▁decision ▁or ▁any ▁part ▁of ▁it . ▁ ▁It ▁may , ▁in ▁addition , ▁send ▁the ▁case ▁back ▁(" rem and " ▁or ▁" rem it ") ▁to ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁for ▁further ▁proceed ings ▁to ▁rem edy ▁the ▁defect . ▁ ▁In ▁some ▁cases , ▁an ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁may ▁review ▁a ▁lower ▁court ▁decision ▁" de ▁nov o " ▁( or ▁completely ), ▁challeng ing ▁even ▁the ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁find ings ▁of ▁fact . ▁ ▁This ▁might ▁be ▁the ▁proper ▁standard ▁of ▁review , ▁for ▁example , ▁if ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁resolved ▁the ▁case ▁by ▁grant ing ▁a ▁pre - tri al ▁motion ▁to ▁dismiss ▁or ▁motion ▁for ▁summary ▁judgment ▁which ▁is ▁usually ▁based ▁only ▁upon ▁written ▁subm issions ▁to ▁the ▁trial ▁court ▁and ▁not ▁on ▁any ▁trial ▁testim ony . ▁ ▁Another ▁situation ▁is |
▁where ▁appeal ▁is ▁by ▁way ▁of ▁" re - he aring ". ▁C ertain ▁juris dict ions ▁permit ▁certain ▁appe als ▁to ▁cause ▁the ▁trial ▁to ▁be ▁heard ▁af resh ▁in ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court . ▁ ▁Sometimes , ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁finds ▁a ▁defect ▁in ▁the ▁procedure ▁the ▁parties ▁used ▁in ▁fil ing ▁the ▁appeal ▁and ▁dismiss es ▁the ▁appeal ▁without ▁considering ▁its ▁mer its , ▁which ▁has ▁the ▁same ▁effect ▁as ▁aff irm ing ▁the ▁judgment ▁below . ▁ ▁( This ▁would ▁happen , ▁for ▁example , ▁if ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁waited ▁too ▁long , ▁under ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ' s ▁rules , ▁to ▁file ▁the ▁appeal .) ▁ ▁Gener ally , ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁trial ▁in ▁an ▁app ell ate ▁court , ▁only ▁consideration ▁of ▁the ▁record ▁of ▁the ▁evidence ▁presented ▁to ▁the ▁trial ▁court ▁and ▁all ▁the ▁pre - tri al ▁and ▁trial ▁court ▁proceed ings ▁are ▁review ed — unless ▁the ▁appeal ▁is ▁by ▁way ▁of ▁re - he aring , ▁new ▁evidence ▁will ▁usually ▁only ▁be ▁considered ▁on ▁appeal ▁in ▁" very " ▁rare ▁instances , ▁for ▁example ▁if ▁that ▁material ▁evidence ▁was ▁un available ▁to ▁a ▁party ▁for ▁some ▁very ▁significant ▁reason ▁such ▁as ▁pro sec utorial ▁mis con duct . ▁ ▁In ▁some ▁systems , ▁an ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁will ▁only ▁consider ▁the ▁written ▁decision ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁court , ▁together ▁with ▁any ▁written ▁evidence ▁that ▁was ▁before ▁that ▁court ▁and ▁is ▁relevant ▁to ▁the ▁appeal . ▁In |
▁other ▁systems , ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁will ▁normally ▁consider ▁the ▁record ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁court . ▁In ▁those ▁cases ▁the ▁record ▁will ▁first ▁be ▁cert ified ▁by ▁the ▁lower ▁court . ▁ ▁The ▁app ell ant ▁has ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁present ▁arguments ▁for ▁the ▁grant ing ▁of ▁the ▁appeal ▁and ▁the ▁app elle e ▁( or ▁respond ent ) ▁can ▁present ▁arguments ▁against ▁it . ▁ ▁Arg uments ▁of ▁the ▁parties ▁to ▁the ▁appeal ▁are ▁presented ▁through ▁their ▁app ell ate ▁law y ers , ▁if ▁represented , ▁or ▁" pro ▁se " ▁if ▁the ▁party ▁has ▁not ▁engaged ▁legal ▁representation . ▁ ▁Those ▁arguments ▁are ▁presented ▁in ▁written ▁brief s ▁and ▁sometimes ▁in ▁or al ▁argument ▁to ▁the ▁court ▁at ▁a ▁hearing . ▁At ▁such ▁hear ings ▁each ▁party ▁is ▁allowed ▁a ▁brief ▁presentation ▁at ▁which ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁jud ges ▁ask ▁questions ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁review ▁of ▁the ▁record ▁below ▁and ▁the ▁submitted ▁brief s . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁advers arial ▁system , ▁app ell ate ▁courts ▁do ▁not ▁have ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁review ▁lower ▁court ▁dec isions ▁unless ▁a ▁party ▁appe als ▁it . ▁Therefore , ▁if ▁a ▁lower ▁court ▁has ▁ruled ▁in ▁an ▁impro per ▁manner , ▁or ▁against ▁legal ▁preced ent , ▁that ▁judgment ▁will ▁stand ▁if ▁not ▁appe aled ▁– ▁even ▁if ▁it ▁might ▁have ▁been ▁over turn ed ▁on ▁appeal . ▁ ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁legal ▁system ▁generally ▁recogn izes ▁two ▁types ▁of ▁appe als : ▁a ▁trial ▁" de ▁nov o " |
▁or ▁an ▁appeal ▁on ▁the ▁record . ▁ ▁A ▁trial ▁de ▁nov o ▁is ▁usually ▁available ▁for ▁review ▁of ▁inform al ▁proceed ings ▁conducted ▁by ▁some ▁minor ▁jud icial ▁trib un als ▁in ▁proceed ings ▁that ▁do ▁not ▁provide ▁all ▁the ▁proced ural ▁attributes ▁of ▁a ▁formal ▁jud icial ▁trial . ▁ ▁If ▁un ch alleng ed , ▁these ▁dec isions ▁have ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁sett le ▁more ▁minor ▁legal ▁disput es ▁once ▁and ▁for ▁all . ▁ ▁If ▁a ▁party ▁is ▁diss atisf ied ▁with ▁the ▁finding ▁of ▁such ▁a ▁trib unal , ▁one ▁generally ▁has ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁request ▁a ▁trial ▁" de ▁nov o " ▁by ▁a ▁court ▁of ▁record . ▁ ▁In ▁such ▁a ▁proceed ing , ▁all ▁issues ▁and ▁evidence ▁may ▁be ▁developed ▁newly , ▁as ▁though ▁never ▁heard ▁before , ▁and ▁one ▁is ▁not ▁restricted ▁to ▁the ▁evidence ▁heard ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁proceed ing . ▁ ▁Sometimes , ▁however , ▁the ▁decision ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁proceed ing ▁is ▁itself ▁adm iss ible ▁as ▁evidence , ▁thus ▁helping ▁to ▁cur b ▁f riv ol ous ▁appe als . ▁ ▁In ▁some ▁cases , ▁an ▁application ▁for ▁" tri al ▁de ▁nov o " ▁effectively ▁er ases ▁the ▁prior ▁trial ▁as ▁if ▁it ▁had ▁never ▁taken ▁place . ▁ ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Virginia ▁has ▁stated ▁that ▁'" This ▁Court ▁has ▁repeatedly ▁held ▁that ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁an ▁appeal ▁to ▁circuit ▁court ▁is ▁to ▁" ann ul ▁the ▁judgment ▁of ▁the ▁inferior ▁trib unal ▁as ▁completely ▁as ▁if ▁there |
▁had ▁been ▁no ▁previous ▁trial ." ' ▁ ▁The ▁only ▁exception ▁to ▁this ▁is ▁that ▁if ▁a ▁def endant ▁appe als ▁a ▁conv iction ▁for ▁a ▁crime ▁having ▁multiple ▁levels ▁of ▁off enses , ▁where ▁they ▁are ▁conv icted ▁on ▁a ▁less er ▁off ense , ▁the ▁appeal ▁is ▁of ▁the ▁less er ▁off ense ; ▁the ▁conv iction ▁represents ▁an ▁acqu itt al ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁serious ▁off enses . ▁"[ A ] ▁trial ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁charges ▁in ▁the ▁circuit ▁court ▁does ▁not ▁viol ate ▁double ▁je op ard y ▁principles , ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁subject ▁only ▁to ▁the ▁limitation ▁that ▁conv iction ▁in ▁[ the ] ▁district ▁court ▁for ▁an ▁off ense ▁less er ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁one ▁charged ▁constit utes ▁an ▁acqu itt al ▁of ▁the ▁greater ▁off ense , ▁perm itting ▁trial ▁de ▁nov o ▁in ▁the ▁circuit ▁court ▁only ▁for ▁the ▁less er - includ ed ▁off ense ." ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁appeal ▁on ▁the ▁record ▁from ▁a ▁decision ▁in ▁a ▁jud icial ▁proceed ing , ▁both ▁app ell ant ▁and ▁respond ent ▁are ▁bound ▁to ▁base ▁their ▁arguments ▁wh olly ▁on ▁the ▁proceed ings ▁and ▁body ▁of ▁evidence ▁as ▁they ▁were ▁presented ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁trib unal . ▁ ▁Each ▁see ks ▁to ▁prove ▁to ▁the ▁higher ▁court ▁that ▁the ▁result ▁they ▁desired ▁was ▁the ▁just ▁result . ▁ ▁Pre ced ent ▁and ▁case ▁law ▁figure ▁prom in ently ▁in ▁the ▁arguments . ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁for ▁the ▁appeal ▁to ▁succeed , ▁the ▁app ell ant |
▁must ▁prove ▁that ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁committed ▁revers ible ▁error , ▁that ▁is , ▁an ▁imper miss ible ▁action ▁by ▁the ▁court ▁acted ▁to ▁cause ▁a ▁result ▁that ▁was ▁un just , ▁and ▁which ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁resulted ▁had ▁the ▁court ▁acted ▁properly . ▁ ▁Some ▁examples ▁of ▁revers ible ▁error ▁would ▁be ▁err one ously ▁instruct ing ▁the ▁j ury ▁on ▁the ▁law ▁applicable ▁to ▁the ▁case , ▁perm itting ▁seriously ▁impro per ▁argument ▁by ▁an ▁att orney , ▁adm itting ▁or ▁ex cluding ▁evidence ▁impro per ly , ▁acting ▁outside ▁the ▁court ' s ▁juris diction , ▁inject ing ▁bias ▁into ▁the ▁proceed ing ▁or ▁appearing ▁to ▁do ▁so , ▁jur or ▁mis con duct , ▁etc . ▁ ▁The ▁failure ▁to ▁formally ▁object ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁to ▁what ▁one ▁views ▁as ▁impro per ▁action ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁court , ▁may ▁result ▁in ▁the ▁aff irm ance ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁judgment ▁on ▁the ▁grounds ▁that ▁one ▁did ▁not ▁" pres erve ▁the ▁issue ▁for ▁appeal " ▁by ▁object ing . ▁ ▁In ▁cases ▁where ▁a ▁judge ▁rather ▁than ▁a ▁j ury ▁decided ▁issues ▁of ▁fact , ▁an ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁will ▁apply ▁an ▁" ab use ▁of ▁dis cret ion " ▁standard ▁of ▁review . ▁Under ▁this ▁standard , ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁gives ▁de ference ▁to ▁the ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁evidence , ▁and ▁revers es ▁its ▁decision ▁only ▁if ▁it ▁were ▁a ▁clear ▁ab use ▁of ▁dis cret ion . |
▁This ▁is ▁usually ▁defined ▁as ▁a ▁decision ▁outside ▁the ▁bounds ▁of ▁reason ab len ess . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁normally ▁gives ▁less ▁de ference ▁to ▁a ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁decision ▁on ▁issues ▁of ▁law , ▁and ▁may ▁reverse ▁if ▁it ▁finds ▁that ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁applied ▁the ▁wrong ▁legal ▁standard . ▁ ▁In ▁some ▁cases , ▁an ▁app ell ant ▁may ▁successfully ▁argue ▁that ▁the ▁law ▁under ▁which ▁the ▁lower ▁decision ▁was ▁rendered ▁was ▁un const itution al ▁or ▁otherwise ▁invalid , ▁or ▁may ▁conv ince ▁the ▁higher ▁court ▁to ▁order ▁a ▁new ▁trial ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁that ▁evidence ▁earlier ▁sought ▁was ▁conce aled ▁or ▁only ▁recently ▁discovered . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁new ▁evidence , ▁there ▁must ▁be ▁a ▁high ▁probability ▁that ▁its ▁presence ▁or ▁absence ▁would ▁have ▁made ▁a ▁material ▁difference ▁in ▁the ▁trial . ▁ ▁Another ▁issue ▁suitable ▁for ▁appeal ▁in ▁criminal ▁cases ▁is ▁effective ▁assistance ▁of ▁coun sel . ▁If ▁a ▁def endant ▁has ▁been ▁conv icted ▁and ▁can ▁prove ▁that ▁his ▁lawyer ▁did ▁not ▁ade qu ately ▁handle ▁his ▁case ▁and ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁reasonable ▁probability ▁that ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁trial ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁different ▁had ▁the ▁lawyer ▁given ▁compet ent ▁representation , ▁he ▁is ▁entitled ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁trial . ▁ ▁A ▁lawyer ▁tradition ally ▁starts ▁an ▁or al ▁argument ▁to ▁any ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁with ▁the ▁words ▁" May ▁it ▁please ▁the ▁court ." ▁ ▁After ▁an ▁appeal ▁is ▁heard , ▁the ▁" |
m and ate " ▁is ▁a ▁formal ▁notice ▁of ▁a ▁decision ▁by ▁a ▁court ▁of ▁appeal ; ▁this ▁notice ▁is ▁transm itted ▁to ▁the ▁trial ▁court ▁and , ▁when ▁file d ▁by ▁the ▁cl erk ▁of ▁the ▁trial ▁court , ▁constit utes ▁the ▁final ▁judgment ▁on ▁the ▁case , ▁unless ▁the ▁appeal ▁court ▁has ▁directed ▁further ▁proceed ings ▁in ▁the ▁trial ▁court . ▁The ▁mand ate ▁is ▁distinguished ▁from ▁the ▁appeal ▁court ' s ▁opinion , ▁which ▁sets ▁out ▁the ▁legal ▁reasoning ▁for ▁its ▁decision . ▁In ▁some ▁juris dict ions ▁the ▁mand ate ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" rem itt it ur ". ▁ ▁Results ▁The ▁result ▁of ▁an ▁appeal ▁can ▁be : ▁Aff ir med : ▁Where ▁the ▁review ing ▁court ▁basically ▁agre es ▁with ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁courts ' ▁r uling ( s ). ▁ ▁Re vers ed : ▁Where ▁the ▁review ing ▁court ▁basically ▁disag rees ▁with ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁courts ' ▁r uling ( s ), ▁and ▁over turn s ▁their ▁decision . ▁V ac ated : ▁Where ▁the ▁review ing ▁court ▁over turn s ▁the ▁lower ▁courts ' ▁r uling ( s ) ▁as ▁invalid , ▁without ▁necessarily ▁disag ree ing ▁with ▁it / th em , ▁e . g . ▁because ▁the ▁case ▁was ▁decided ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁a ▁legal ▁principle ▁that ▁no ▁longer ▁applies . ▁Rem and ed : ▁Where ▁the ▁review ing ▁court ▁sends ▁the ▁case ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁lower ▁court . ▁ ▁There ▁can ▁be ▁multiple ▁out comes |
, ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁review ing ▁court ▁can ▁aff irm ▁some ▁r ul ings , ▁reverse ▁others ▁and ▁rem and ▁the ▁case ▁all ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time . ▁Rem and ▁is ▁not ▁required ▁where ▁there ▁is ▁nothing ▁left ▁to ▁do ▁in ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁" Gener ally ▁speaking , ▁an ▁app ell ate ▁court ' s ▁judgment ▁provides ▁' the ▁final ▁directive ▁of ▁the ▁appe als ▁courts ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁matter ▁appe aled , ▁setting ▁out ▁with ▁specific ity ▁the ▁court ' s ▁determ ination ▁that ▁the ▁action ▁appe aled ▁from ▁should ▁be ▁aff ir med , ▁revers ed , ▁rem and ed ▁or ▁modified ' ". ▁ ▁Some ▁review ing ▁courts ▁who ▁have ▁dis cret ion ary ▁review ▁may ▁send ▁a ▁case ▁back ▁without ▁comment ▁other ▁than ▁review ▁improv ident ly ▁granted . ▁In ▁other ▁words , ▁after ▁looking ▁at ▁the ▁case , ▁they ▁chose ▁not ▁to ▁say ▁anything . ▁ ▁The ▁result ▁for ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁review ▁improv ident ly ▁granted ▁is ▁effectively ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁aff ir med , ▁but ▁without ▁that ▁extra ▁higher ▁court ▁stamp ▁of ▁appro val . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁App ell ate ▁court ▁ ▁App elle e ▁ ▁Civil ▁procedure ▁ ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁ ▁Cour ts - mart ial ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁C riminal ▁procedure ▁ ▁Def endant ▁ ▁En ▁b anc ▁ ▁Inter loc ut ory ▁appeal ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁legal ▁topics ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁wrong ful ▁conv ict ions ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Pet ition ▁for |
▁stay ▁ ▁Pla int iff ▁ ▁P urs uer ▁ ▁Re vers ible ▁error ▁ ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Writ ▁of ▁Cert ior ari ▁ ▁Writ ▁of ▁habe as ▁cor pus ▁ ▁Writ ▁of ▁mand am us ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Leg al ▁procedure ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁proced ural ▁law <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁IP CS ▁Health ▁and ▁Saf ety ▁Guide ▁is ▁a ▁mon ograph ▁prepared ▁by ▁the ▁International ▁Program me ▁on ▁Chem ical ▁Saf ety ▁( IP CS ) ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁World ▁Health ▁Organ ization ▁( W HO ). ▁They ▁aim ▁to ▁provide ▁" con c ise ▁information ▁in ▁non - techn ical ▁language , ▁for ▁decision - m akers ▁on ▁ris ks ▁from ▁expos ure ▁to ▁chemical s , ▁with ▁practical ▁advice ▁on ▁medical ▁and ▁administrative ▁issues ." ▁Just ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 ▁H SG s ▁have ▁been ▁published . ▁ ▁An ▁H SG ▁usually ▁accompan ies ▁an ▁Environment al ▁Health ▁C riteria ▁( E HC ) ▁mon ograph . ▁The ▁two ▁documents ▁cover ▁similar ▁material , ▁but ▁the ▁H SG ▁is ▁much ▁shorter ▁and ▁un refer enced ▁( cit ations ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁sources ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁corresponding ▁E HC ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁IN CH EM . org , ▁List ▁of ▁IP CS ▁Health ▁and ▁Saf ety ▁Gu ides ▁IN CH EM . org , ▁Users ' ▁manual ▁for ▁the ▁IP CS ▁Health ▁and ▁Saf ety ▁Gu ides ▁ ▁Category : Ch em ical |
▁safety <0x0A> </s> ▁CF NI ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁radio ▁station ▁that ▁broadcast s ▁a ▁Hot ▁AC / Class ic ▁H its ▁format ▁at ▁ 1 2 4 0 ▁AM ▁in ▁Port ▁Hard y , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁V ista ▁Broadcast ▁Group . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁began ▁broadcast ing ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁ ▁Reb road c aster s ▁CF PA - FM ▁ 1 0 0 . 3 ▁FM ▁- ▁Port ▁Alice ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ 1 2 4 0 ▁Coast ▁AM ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁F NI ▁F NI ▁F NI ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia <0x0A> </s> ▁Douglas ▁George ▁Gre as ley ▁( 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁professional ▁Cr ick eter ▁who ▁spent ▁his ▁entire ▁career ▁at ▁North am pt ons hire . ▁ ▁Career ▁Gre as ley ▁spent ▁five ▁years ▁at ▁North am pt ons hire ▁although ▁he ▁was ▁never ▁a ▁first ▁team ▁regular . ▁His ▁highest ▁first - class ▁score ▁came ▁against ▁Le ic esters hire ▁when ▁he ▁hit ▁ 1 0 2 ▁not ▁out ▁in ▁his ▁second ▁season . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁death s ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : N orth am pt ons hire ▁cr ick eters |
▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁York shire <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁women ' s ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁World ▁Junior ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics ▁will ▁be ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁Est adi ▁Olímp ic ▁L lu ís ▁Comp an ys ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁July . ▁ ▁Medal ists ▁ ▁Records ▁, ▁the ▁existing ▁world ▁junior ▁and ▁championship ▁records ▁were ▁as ▁follows . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Part icip ation ▁According ▁to ▁an ▁uno fficial ▁count , ▁ 1 9 ▁athlet es ▁from ▁ 1 3 ▁countries ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁event . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁W J C 1 2 ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁schedule ▁▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁Category : Long ▁distance ▁running ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Athletics ▁U 2 0 ▁Championships ▁Category : 2 0 1 2 ▁in ▁women ' s ▁athlet ics <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁Illinois ▁Fight ing ▁Ill ini ▁football ▁team ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁football ▁team ▁that ▁represented ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Illinois ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁football ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁their ▁ 2 8 th ▁season ▁under ▁head ▁coach ▁Robert ▁Zu pp ke , ▁the ▁Ill ini ▁compiled ▁a ▁ 1 – 7 ▁record ▁and ▁finished ▁in ▁last ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Conference . ▁Full back ▁George ▁Bern hardt ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁the ▁team ' s ▁most ▁valuable ▁player . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Illinois ▁Fight ing ▁Ill ini ▁Category : Ill inois |
▁Fight ing ▁Ill ini ▁football ▁seasons ▁Illinois ▁Fight ing ▁Ill ini ▁football <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Dre isch ust ers pit ze ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁of ▁the ▁Dol om ites ▁in ▁South ▁Ty rol , ▁Italy . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁peak ▁of ▁the ▁Se xt en ▁Dol om ites ▁and ▁the ▁most ▁nor ther ly ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 m ▁peak ▁of ▁the ▁range . ▁From ▁the ▁north ▁it ▁res emb les ▁a ▁maj estic ▁py ram id , ▁while ▁from ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁west ▁it ▁res emb les ▁a ▁j ag ged ▁r idge . ▁The ▁mountain ▁is ▁located ▁above ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Se xt en . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁clim bed ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 ▁by ▁Paul ▁Gro h mann , ▁Franz ▁Inner k of ler ▁and ▁Peter ▁Sal cher . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Al pen verein ▁South ▁Ty rol ▁▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁the ▁Al ps ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁South ▁Ty rol ▁Category : Al pine ▁three - th ous and ers ▁Category : D ol om ites <0x0A> </s> ▁Philipp ▁K ni ps child t ▁( 1 5 9 5 ▁– ▁September ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 6 5 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁jur ist ▁and ▁legal ▁historian . ▁ ▁Life ▁ ▁Philipp ▁K ni ps child t ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Tre is bach ▁( W al deck ), ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Mel ch ior ▁K ni ps child t ▁and ▁C ath arina ▁n ée ▁Le f art |
. ▁From ▁c . ▁ 1 6 0 4 ▁he ▁attended ▁school ▁at ▁Med eb ach ▁in ▁the ▁Duch y ▁of ▁West phal ia ; ▁as ▁a ▁Protest ant , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁Sachsen hausen ▁in ▁the ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Wal deck ▁in ▁ 1 6 0 6 . ▁He ▁spent ▁several ▁years ▁in ▁Wild ungen ▁and ▁Kor bach ▁before ▁en rolling ▁at ▁the ▁So est ▁Arch ig ymnasium . ▁He ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Gi essen ▁from ▁ 1 6 1 5 ▁to ▁ 1 6 2 0 ▁before ▁serving ▁as ▁t utor ▁to ▁Prince ▁Charles ▁Ludwig ▁of ▁Pf al z - V el den z ▁until ▁ 1 6 2 3 . ▁Sub sequently , ▁he ▁studied ▁at ▁Str as bourg , ▁obtain ing ▁his ▁doctor al ▁degree ▁on ▁November ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 6 2 6 ▁with ▁a ▁study ▁of ▁f ide ic omm issa . ▁He ▁became ▁engaged ▁to ▁Elisabeth ▁Kre iden mann ▁from ▁Ess lingen ▁that ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁Now ▁a ▁doctor ▁of ▁both ▁laws , ▁K ni ps child t ▁served ▁as ▁legal ▁ad visor ▁to ▁the ▁Sw ab ian ▁Cir cles ▁of ▁Ne ck ar ▁and ▁Koch er , ▁from ▁ 1 6 4 1 ▁on wards ▁as ▁Coun sel ▁to ▁Ess lingen , ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁taken ▁citizens hip ▁in ▁ 1 6 2 9 . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Ess lingen ▁am ▁Ne ck ar . ▁ ▁His ▁principal ▁writ ings ▁include ▁a ▁standard ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁early ▁modern ▁constitution al ▁law |
▁of ▁the ▁Imperial ▁cities ▁( T ract atus ▁politico - histor ico - j ur id icus ▁de ▁jur ibus ▁et ▁privile gi is ▁civ itat um ▁imperial ium , ▁Ul m ▁ 1 6 5 7 ), ▁a ▁large - scale ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁Imperial ▁nob ility ▁( T ract atus ▁politico - histor ico - j ur id icus ▁de ▁jur ibus ▁et ▁privile gi is ▁no bil itat is , ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 3 ), ▁and ▁a ▁massive ▁manual ▁on ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁f ide ic omm issa ▁( T ract atus ▁de ▁f ide ic omm iss is ▁no bil ium ▁familiar um ▁– ▁von ▁St amm g ü tern , ▁Ul m ▁ 1 6 5 4 ▁- ▁expanded ▁from ▁his ▁dis sert ation ) ▁which ▁remained ▁a ▁standard ▁reference ▁work ▁until ▁well ▁into ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Works ▁by ▁K ni ps child t ▁on ▁V D ▁ 1 7 ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Leg al ▁histor ians ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Ess lingen ▁am ▁Ne ck ar ▁Category : G erman ▁sch ol ars ▁Category : 1 5 9 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 6 5 7 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁P řed ní ▁V ý to ň ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁municipality ▁( ob ec ) ▁in ▁Česk ý ▁K rum lov ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Boh em ian ▁Region ▁of ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic . ▁ ▁The ▁municipality ▁covers ▁an |
▁area ▁of ▁, ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 ▁( as ▁at ▁ 2 8 August ▁ 2 0 0 6 ). ▁ ▁P řed ní ▁V ý to ň ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁Česk ý ▁K rum lov , ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁Česk é ▁Bud ě j ov ice , ▁and ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁Prag ue . ▁ ▁References ▁Czech ▁Statist ical ▁Office : ▁Municipal ities ▁of ▁Česk ý ▁K rum lov ▁District ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Česk ý ▁K rum lov ▁District ▁Category : B oh em ian ▁Forest <0x0A> </s> ▁Gra vity ▁grad i ometry ▁is ▁the ▁study ▁and ▁measurement ▁of ▁variations ▁in ▁the ▁acceleration ▁due ▁to ▁gravity . ▁The ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁is ▁the ▁spatial ▁rate ▁of ▁change ▁of ▁gravit ational ▁acceleration . ▁ ▁Gra vity ▁grad i ometry ▁is ▁used ▁by ▁oil ▁and ▁min eral ▁prospect ors ▁to ▁measure ▁the ▁density ▁of ▁the ▁sub sur face , ▁effectively ▁by ▁meas uring ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁change ▁of ▁gravit ational ▁acceleration ▁( or ▁j erk ) ▁due ▁to ▁underlying ▁rock ▁properties . ▁From ▁this ▁information ▁it ▁is ▁possible ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁picture ▁of ▁sub sur face ▁anom al ies ▁which ▁can ▁then ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁more ▁accur ately ▁target ▁oil , ▁gas ▁and ▁min eral ▁depos its . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁image ▁water ▁column ▁density , ▁when ▁loc ating ▁sub mer ged ▁objects , ▁or ▁determ ining ▁water ▁depth ▁( b ath ym etry ). ▁Phys ical |
▁scient ists ▁use ▁grav im eters ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁exact ▁size ▁and ▁shape ▁of ▁the ▁earth ▁and ▁they ▁contribute ▁to ▁the ▁gravity ▁compens ations ▁applied ▁to ▁in ert ial ▁navigation ▁systems . ▁ ▁Me as uring ▁the ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁Gra vity ▁measurements ▁are ▁a ▁reflection ▁of ▁the ▁earth ' s ▁gravit ational ▁att raction , ▁its ▁cent rip etal ▁force , ▁tid al ▁acceler ations ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁sun , ▁moon , ▁and ▁plan ets , ▁and ▁other ▁applied ▁forces . ▁Gra vity ▁grad iom eters ▁measure ▁the ▁spatial ▁derivatives ▁of ▁the ▁gravity ▁vector . ▁The ▁most ▁frequently ▁used ▁and ▁intuit ive ▁component ▁is ▁the ▁vertical ▁gravity ▁gradient , ▁G zz , ▁which ▁represents ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁change ▁of ▁vertical ▁gravity ▁( gz ) ▁with ▁height ▁( z ). ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁dedu ced ▁by ▁differ encing ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁gravity ▁at ▁two ▁points ▁separated ▁by ▁a ▁small ▁vertical ▁distance , ▁l , ▁and ▁div iding ▁by ▁this ▁distance . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁gravity ▁measurements ▁are ▁provided ▁by ▁acceler om eters ▁which ▁are ▁matched ▁and ▁aligned ▁to ▁a ▁high ▁level ▁of ▁accuracy . ▁ ▁Units ▁The ▁unit ▁of ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁is ▁the ▁e ot vos ▁( ab bre vi ated ▁as ▁E ), ▁which ▁is ▁equivalent ▁to ▁ 1 0 − 9 ▁s − 2 ▁( or ▁ 1 0 − 4 ▁m G al / m ). ▁A ▁person ▁walking ▁past ▁at ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁ 2 ▁metres ▁would ▁provide ▁a ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁signal ▁approximately ▁one E . ▁Mountains ▁can ▁give |
▁signals ▁of ▁several ▁hundred ▁E ot vos . ▁ ▁Gra vity ▁gradient ▁tensor ▁Full ▁tensor ▁grad iom eters ▁measure ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁change ▁of ▁the ▁gravity ▁vector ▁in ▁all ▁three ▁per pend icular ▁directions ▁giving ▁rise ▁to ▁a ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁tensor ▁( Fig ▁ 1 ). ▁ ▁Com parison ▁to ▁gravity ▁Being ▁the ▁derivatives ▁of ▁gravity , ▁the ▁spectral ▁power ▁of ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁signals ▁is ▁pushed ▁to ▁higher ▁frequencies . ▁This ▁generally ▁makes ▁the ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁anom aly ▁more ▁local ised ▁to ▁the ▁source ▁than ▁the ▁gravity ▁anom aly . ▁The ▁table ▁( below ) ▁and ▁graph ▁( Fig ▁ 2 ) ▁compare ▁the ▁g z ▁and ▁G zz ▁responses ▁from ▁a ▁point ▁source . ▁ ▁Con vers ely , ▁gravity ▁measurements ▁have ▁more ▁signal ▁power ▁at ▁low ▁frequency ▁therefore ▁making ▁them ▁more ▁sensitive ▁to ▁regional ▁signals ▁and ▁deeper ▁sources . ▁ ▁Dynamic ▁survey ▁environments ▁( air bor ne ▁and ▁marine ) ▁ ▁The ▁derivative ▁measurement ▁sacrific es ▁the ▁overall ▁energy ▁in ▁the ▁signal , ▁but ▁significantly ▁reduces ▁the ▁noise ▁due ▁to ▁mot ional ▁disturb ance . ▁On ▁a ▁moving ▁platform , ▁the ▁acceleration ▁disturb ance ▁measured ▁by ▁the ▁two ▁acceler om eters ▁is ▁the ▁same ▁so ▁that ▁when ▁forming ▁the ▁difference , ▁it ▁can c els ▁in ▁the ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁measurement . ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁principal ▁reason ▁for ▁deploy ing ▁grad iom eters ▁in ▁air bor ne ▁and ▁marine ▁surve ys ▁where ▁the ▁acceleration ▁levels ▁are ▁orders ▁of ▁magnitude ▁greater ▁than ▁the ▁signals ▁of ▁interest . ▁The ▁signal ▁to ▁noise ▁ratio ▁benefits |
▁most ▁at ▁high ▁frequency ▁( above ▁ 0 . 0 1 Hz ), ▁where ▁the ▁air bor ne ▁acceleration ▁noise ▁is ▁largest . ▁ ▁App lications ▁Gra vity ▁grad i ometry ▁has ▁pre domin ately ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁image ▁sub sur face ▁ge ology ▁to ▁aid ▁hydro car bon ▁and ▁min eral ▁expl oration . ▁Over ▁ 2 . 5 ▁million ▁line ▁km ▁has ▁now ▁been ▁survey ed ▁using ▁the ▁technique . ▁The ▁surve ys ▁highlight ▁gravity ▁anom al ies ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁related ▁to ▁ge ological ▁features ▁such ▁as ▁Salt ▁dia p irs , ▁F ault ▁systems , ▁Re ef ▁structures , ▁Kim ber l ite ▁pip es , ▁etc . ▁Other ▁applications ▁include ▁tunnel ▁and ▁b unker ▁detection ▁and ▁the ▁recent ▁GO CE ▁mission ▁that ▁a ims ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁knowledge ▁of ▁ocean ▁circul ation . ▁ ▁Gra vity ▁grad iom eters ▁ ▁Lock he ed ▁Martin ▁gravity ▁grad iom eters ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁as ▁an ▁executive ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁De pt . ▁of ▁Def ense , ▁John ▁Bre tt ▁initi ated ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁Tr ident ▁ 2 ▁system . ▁A ▁committee ▁was ▁commission ed ▁to ▁seek ▁commercial ▁applications ▁for ▁the ▁Full ▁T ensor ▁Grad ient ▁( FT G ) ▁system ▁that ▁was ▁developed ▁by ▁Bell ▁A eros pace ▁( l ater ▁acquired ▁by ▁Lock he ed ▁Martin ) ▁and ▁was ▁being ▁deployed ▁on ▁US ▁Navy ▁ ▁Tr ident ▁sub mar ines ▁designed ▁to |
▁aid ▁cover t ▁navigation . ▁As ▁the ▁Cold ▁War ▁came ▁to ▁a ▁close , ▁the ▁US ▁Navy ▁released ▁the ▁class ified ▁technology ▁and ▁opened ▁the ▁door ▁for ▁full ▁commercial ization ▁of ▁the ▁technology . ▁▁ ▁The ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer ▁was ▁fam ously ▁exposed ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁The ▁H unt ▁for ▁Red ▁October ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁types ▁of ▁Lock he ed ▁Martin ▁gravity ▁grad iom eters ▁currently ▁in ▁operation : ▁the ▁ 3 D ▁Full ▁T ensor ▁Gra vity ▁Gr adi ometer ▁( FT G ; ▁deployed ▁in ▁either ▁a ▁fixed ▁wing ▁aircraft ▁or ▁a ▁ship ) ▁and ▁the ▁F AL CON ▁grad i ometer ▁( a ▁partial ▁tensor ▁system ▁with ▁ 8 ▁acceler om eters ▁and ▁deployed ▁in ▁a ▁fixed ▁wing ▁aircraft ▁or ▁a ▁hel ic opter ). ▁ ▁The ▁ 3 D ▁F T G ▁system ▁contains ▁three ▁gravity ▁grad i ometry ▁instruments ▁( GG Is ), ▁each ▁consisting ▁of ▁two ▁oppos ing ▁pairs ▁of ▁acceler om eters ▁arranged ▁on ▁a ▁spin ning ▁disc ▁with ▁measurement ▁direction ▁in ▁the ▁spin ▁direction . ▁ ▁Other ▁gravity ▁grad iom eters ▁Elect ro static ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer ▁deployed ▁on ▁the ▁European ▁Space ▁Agency ' s ▁GO CE ▁mission . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁three - axis ▁diagonal ▁grad i ometer ▁based ▁on ▁three ▁pairs ▁of ▁electro static ▁ser vo - control led ▁acceler om eters . ▁AR Ke X ▁Ex pl oration ▁gravity ▁grad i |
ometer ▁An ▁evolution ▁of ▁technology ▁originally ▁developed ▁for ▁European ▁Space ▁Agency , ▁the ▁Ex pl oration ▁Gra vity ▁Gr adi ometer ▁( EG G ), ▁developed ▁by ▁AR Ke X ▁( a ▁corpor ation ▁that ▁is ▁now ▁def unct ), ▁uses ▁two ▁key ▁principles ▁of ▁super con duct ivity ▁to ▁deliver ▁its ▁performance : ▁the ▁Me iss ner ▁effect , ▁which ▁provides ▁lev itation ▁of ▁the ▁E GG ▁proof ▁masses ▁and ▁flux ▁quant ization , ▁which ▁gives ▁the ▁E GG ▁its ▁inher ent ▁stability . ▁The ▁E GG ▁has ▁been ▁specifically ▁designed ▁for ▁high ▁dynamic ▁survey ▁environments . ▁Rib bon ▁sensor ▁grad i ometer ▁The ▁Gra v ite c ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer ▁sensor ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁single ▁sens ing ▁element ▁( a ▁rib bon ) ▁that ▁respond s ▁to ▁gravity ▁gradient ▁forces . ▁It ▁is ▁designed ▁for ▁bore hole ▁applications . ▁U WA ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia ▁( aka ▁V K - 1 ) ▁Gra vity ▁Gr adi ometer ▁is ▁a ▁super con duct ing ▁instrument ▁which ▁uses ▁an ▁orthogonal ▁quad ru pole ▁res ponder ▁( O Q R ) ▁design ▁based ▁on ▁pairs ▁of ▁micro - flex ure ▁supported ▁balance ▁be ams . ▁Ged ex ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer ▁The ▁Ged ex ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer ▁( AK A ▁High - Definition ▁Air bor ne ▁Gra vity ▁Gr adi ometer , ▁HD - AG G ) ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁super con duct ing ▁O Q R - type ▁gravity ▁grad i ometer , ▁based ▁on ▁technology |
▁developed ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Gra vity - gradient ▁stabil ization ▁Robert ▁L . ▁For ward # For ward ▁Mass ▁Det ector ▁ ▁Acc eler ometer ▁ ▁Equ ival ence ▁principle ▁ ▁Gra v imeter ▁ ▁Inst rument ation ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Adv ances ▁and ▁Ch alleng es ▁in ▁the ▁Development ▁and ▁Dep loyment ▁of ▁Gra vity ▁Gr adi ometer ▁Systems ▁ ▁GO CE ▁mission ▁payload ▁ ▁Category : Ge oph ys ical ▁survey ▁Category : Ge odes y <0x0A> </s> ▁Jonathan ▁Rot enberg ▁( born ▁April ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁executive ▁coach , ▁management ▁consult ant , ▁and ▁author . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁he ▁c of ounded ▁The ▁Boston ▁Computer ▁Society , ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁world ' s ▁largest ▁personal ▁computer ▁user ▁organization . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁writing ▁a ▁book ▁about ▁what ▁he ▁learned ▁from ▁his ▁early ▁ment or , ▁Apple ▁founder ▁Steve ▁Job s . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Jonathan ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Boston , ▁MA . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁Commonwealth ▁School , ▁an ▁independent ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁Boston ' s ▁Back ▁Bay . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁ 1 3 - year - old ▁fresh man , ▁he ▁c of ounded ▁The ▁Boston ▁Computer ▁Society ▁in ▁the ▁school ' s ▁library . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁Rot enberg ▁has ▁an ▁A . B . ▁in ▁Econom ics ▁from ▁Brown ▁University ; ▁an ▁M BA ▁from ▁Harvard |
▁Business ▁School ; ▁and ▁a ▁Gr adu ate ▁Cert ificate ▁in ▁Executive ▁Co aching ▁from ▁the ▁Massachusetts ▁School ▁of ▁Professional ▁Psych ology . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁The ▁Boston ▁Computer ▁Society ▁ ▁Rot enberg ▁c of ounded ▁an ▁organization ▁to ▁dem yst ify ▁personal ▁computers ▁called ▁The ▁Boston ▁Computer ▁Society , ▁popular ly ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁B CS . ▁He ▁was ▁its ▁president ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁During ▁that ▁period , ▁the ▁Society ▁became ▁the ▁leading ▁international ▁forum ▁where ▁personal ▁computer ▁companies ▁un ve iled ▁ground bre aking ▁new ▁products ▁and ▁techn ologies ▁to ▁the ▁public . ▁For ▁example , ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁Dan ▁Br ick lin ▁and ▁Bob ▁Frank ston ▁introduced ▁the ▁first ▁spread sheet ▁program , ▁Vis i Cal c . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁Steve ▁Job s ▁and ▁Steve ▁W oz nia k ▁made ▁the ▁first ▁public ▁presentation ▁of ▁the ▁Mac int osh ▁at ▁the ▁B CS . ▁Mitch ▁Kap or ▁introduced ▁Lot us ▁ 1 - 2 - 3 . ▁ ▁Do z ens ▁of ▁industry ▁leaders ▁— ▁from ▁Bill ▁G ates ▁to ▁Michael ▁D ell , ▁N olan ▁Bush nell ▁to ▁Est her ▁D ys on , ▁Ray ▁Kurz we il ▁to ▁Sher ry ▁Turk le , ▁Se ym our ▁Pap ert ▁to ▁Dan ▁Br ick lin ▁ ▁— ▁came ▁each ▁month ▁to ▁connect ▁with ▁B CS ▁members . ▁The ▁Society ▁developed ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁hundred ▁user ▁and ▁special - inter est |
▁sub groups , ▁many ▁of ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁largest ▁of ▁their ▁kind ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁It ▁published ▁over ▁ 2 0 ▁publications ▁and ▁spons ored ▁nearly ▁a ▁hundred ▁educational ▁programs ▁each ▁month . ▁ ▁Before ▁his ▁twenty - first ▁birth day , ▁Rot enberg ▁had ▁been ▁profile d ▁in ▁The ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal ▁( front ▁page ), ▁P E OP LE , ▁Info World , ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁Business Week , ▁The ▁Boston ▁Glo be ▁and ▁T IME ▁magazine , ▁and ▁on ▁CBS ▁Even ing ▁News . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Jonathan ▁moved ▁from ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁B CS ▁to ▁become ▁its ▁chairman . ▁ ▁Management ▁Cons ult ing ▁ ▁Jonathan ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁in ▁management ▁consult ing ▁at ▁a ▁Cambridge , ▁Massachusetts ▁consult ing ▁firm , ▁Mon itor ▁Group , ▁which ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁by ▁six ▁entrepr ene urs ▁with ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ▁t ies .[ 3 ] ▁He ▁was ▁with ▁Mon itor ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁Jonathan ▁became ▁a ▁strategy ▁consult ant ▁with ▁internet ▁consult ing ▁firm ▁Vi ant ▁Inc . ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁He ▁later ▁joined ▁Fair ▁Isaac ▁Cor p . ▁and ▁was ▁co - le ader ▁of ▁its ▁management ▁consult ing ▁organization . ▁ ▁Jonathan ' s ▁work ▁as ▁a ▁management ▁consult ant ▁focus es ▁on ▁customer - cent ric ▁enter prise ▁transformation : ▁ ▁Hel ping ▁large ▁companies ▁red es ign |
▁sales , ▁market ing , ▁e - ch annels , ▁customer ▁care , ▁and ▁operations ▁around ▁the ▁needs ▁and ▁des ires ▁of ▁target ▁customers . ▁He ▁has ▁ad vised ▁and ▁gu ided ▁senior ▁leadership ▁teams ▁of ▁several ▁Fort une ▁ 5 0 0 ▁companies ▁on ▁multi - year , ▁enter prise - wide ▁transformation ▁initi atives . ▁ ▁Executive ▁Co aching ▁ ▁Since ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Jonathan ▁has ▁been ▁an ▁executive ▁coach . ▁ ▁He ▁works ▁with ▁senior ▁execut ives ▁on ▁leadership ▁development ▁and ▁developing ▁high - per formance ▁organizations . ▁ ▁Writing ▁Jonathan ▁is ▁writing ▁a ▁book ▁called ▁My ▁Te acher ▁Steve ▁Job s . ▁ ▁The ▁book ▁is ▁about ▁his ▁friendship ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁with ▁Apple ▁founder ▁Steve ▁Job s , ▁and ▁what ▁Job s ▁taught ▁him ▁about ▁ideal ism , ▁spiritual ity ▁and ▁leadership . ▁ ▁A ▁first ▁chapter ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁High ▁Te ch ▁History . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Rot enberg ▁was ▁named ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁“ Top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Young ▁Entre pr ene urs ▁in ▁America ” ▁by ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Colleg iate ▁Entre pr ene urs . ▁ ▁Computer ▁Res eller ▁News ▁named ▁him ▁“ One ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 5 ▁Most ▁In flu ential ▁Exec ut ives ▁in ▁the ▁Personal ▁Computer ▁Indust ry .” ▁ ▁And ▁Sl ash dot ▁named ▁him ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁“ Top ▁ 1 5 0 ▁i - Te chn ology ▁Hero es ▁of ▁All |
▁Time .” ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Jonathan ' s ▁home ▁page ▁▁ ▁Jonathan ' s ▁Facebook ▁page ▁▁ ▁CBS ▁Even ing ▁News ▁interview ▁( v ime o ) ▁ ▁High ▁Te ch ▁History ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Boston ▁Category : B rown ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Har vard ▁Business ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : Common wealth ▁School ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁C ologne ▁is ▁a ▁city ▁in ▁Car ver ▁County , ▁Minnesota , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 , 5 1 9 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census . ▁The ▁city ▁is ▁about ▁ 3 0 ▁miles ▁from ▁Min ne apolis . ▁ ▁Geography ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Census ▁Bureau , ▁the ▁city ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁of ▁which , ▁ ▁is ▁land ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁water . ▁ ▁In frastr ucture ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁U . S . ▁Highway ▁ 2 1 2 ▁and ▁Minnesota ▁State ▁Highway ▁ 2 8 4 ▁are ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁routes ▁in ▁C ologne . ▁ ▁History ▁C ologne ▁was ▁pl atted ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 , ▁and ▁incorpor ated ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 1 . ▁The ▁community ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁C ologne , ▁Germany . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁C ologne ▁was ▁preserved ▁on ▁film ▁in ▁the ▁amateur ▁short ▁subject ▁C ologne : ▁From ▁the |
▁Di ary ▁of ▁Ray ▁and ▁Est her , ▁which ▁chron icles ▁aspects ▁of ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁German - American ▁community ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁American ▁eng agement ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Film ▁Reg istry ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁and ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁a ▁half - do zen ▁amateur ▁works ▁to ▁be ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁list . ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁C ologne , ▁Minnesota ▁h ired ▁J esse ▁Dick son ▁as ▁their ▁city ▁administrator . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Matt ▁Le in ▁was ▁elected ▁Mayor . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 , 5 1 9 ▁people , ▁ 5 3 9 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 3 9 8 ▁families ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁. ▁There ▁were ▁ 5 6 2 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁ 9 4 . 9 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 9 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 1 . 2 % ▁Asian , ▁ 1 . 4 % ▁from ▁other ▁races , ▁and ▁ 1 . 6 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 3 . 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 5 3 |
9 ▁households ▁of ▁which ▁ 4 5 . 3 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 6 3 . 8 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 5 . 0 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁ 5 . 0 % ▁had ▁a ▁male ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁wife ▁present , ▁and ▁ 2 6 . 2 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 1 9 . 1 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 4 . 6 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 8 2 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 3 . 2 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁ 3 2 ▁years . ▁ 3 2 . 1 % ▁of ▁residents ▁were ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ; ▁ 5 . 9 % ▁were ▁between ▁the ▁ages ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 2 4 ; ▁ 3 7 . 2 % ▁were ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 ; ▁ 1 8 . 5 % ▁were ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 ; ▁and ▁ 6 . 3 % ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁The ▁gender ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁ 5 2 . 1 % ▁male ▁and ▁ 4 7 . 9 |
% ▁female . ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁census ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 , 0 1 2 ▁people , ▁ 3 8 5 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 2 7 9 ▁families ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 1 , 3 4 3 . 5 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 5 2 1 . 0 / km ²). ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 3 9 2 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 5 2 0 . 4 ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 2 0 1 . 8 / km ²). ▁ ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁ 9 7 . 4 3 % ▁White , ▁ 1 . 4 8 % ▁Asian , ▁ 0 . 4 9 % ▁from ▁other ▁races , ▁and ▁ 0 . 5 9 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 1 . 4 8 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 3 8 5 ▁households ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 3 8 . 2 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 6 1 . 8 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 6 . 5 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and ▁ 2 7 . 5 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 2 0 . 3 % ▁of |
▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 8 . 1 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 6 3 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 3 . 0 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁city , ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 2 8 . 4 % ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 7 . 4 % ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 4 1 . 2 % ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 1 4 . 7 % ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 8 . 3 % ▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 3 1 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 1 0 . 0 ▁males . ▁ ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 6 . 6 ▁males . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁household ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁$ 5 4 , 5 8 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁family ▁was ▁$ 6 1 , 4 7 1 . ▁M ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 4 0 , 0 3 4 ▁versus ▁$ 2 8 , 3 8 2 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap |
ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁$ 2 0 , 9 5 5 . ▁ ▁About ▁ 0 . 7 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 1 . 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁pover ty ▁line , ▁including ▁none ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 2 . 5 % ▁of ▁those ▁age ▁ 6 5 ▁or ▁over . ▁ ▁Arts ▁and ▁culture ▁ ▁Museum s ▁and ▁other ▁points ▁of ▁interest ▁C ologne ▁has ▁several ▁buildings ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places . ▁ ▁Park s ▁and ▁recre ation ▁There ▁are ▁six ▁par ks ▁located ▁in ▁C ologne , ▁including ▁Mar ion ▁Field , ▁M ead ow ▁Park , ▁V F W ▁Park , ▁L ions ▁Park , ▁Fritz ▁Field ▁and ▁Village ▁Park . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁City ▁of ▁C ologne ▁Minnesota ▁Website ▁ ▁City - Data . com ▁ ▁e Pod unk : ▁Profile ▁for ▁C ologne , ▁Minnesota ▁ ▁Category : C ities ▁in ▁Car ver ▁County , ▁Minnesota ▁Category : C ities ▁in ▁Minnesota <0x0A> </s> ▁Soph ia ▁Bru un ▁( 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Dan ish ▁soldier . ▁Kil led ▁on ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁while ▁on ▁duty ▁in ▁Afghan istan , ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Dan ish ▁woman ▁soldier ▁ever ▁to ▁be ▁killed ▁in ▁action . ▁ ▁Bru un ▁was ▁killed ▁at ▁m idd ay ▁on ▁ 1 ▁June |
▁while ▁man ning ▁a ▁machine ▁gun ▁on ▁an ▁arm oured ▁Pir anha ▁pat rol ▁vehicle ▁when ▁it ▁suffered ▁a ▁road - side ▁bomb ▁explos ion . ▁The ▁incident ▁took ▁place ▁ 6 km ▁( 4 ▁miles ) ▁north - east ▁of ▁Gir ish k ▁in ▁Hel m and ▁Province . ▁Bru un ▁had ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁dedicated ▁soldier , ▁performing ▁profession ally ▁in ▁emer gen cies . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁she ▁had ▁helped ▁overcome ▁an ▁attack ▁by ▁maintain ing ▁her ▁position ▁as ▁a ▁gun ner ▁and ▁providing ▁first ▁aid ▁to ▁the ▁wounded . ▁Always ▁ready ▁to ▁help , ▁she ▁had ▁volunte ered ▁to ▁serve ▁at ▁Pat rol ▁Base ▁Cl if ton . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Lars ▁Bang ert ▁Str uwe ▁of ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁Center ▁for ▁Military ▁Studies ▁( Center ▁for ▁Milit æ re ▁Stud ier ), ▁Dan ish ▁women ▁were ▁being ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁areas ▁of ▁conflict ▁in ▁Afghan istan ▁as ▁men , ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁respons ib ilities . ▁It ▁was ▁therefore ▁not ▁surprising ▁that ▁a ▁woman ▁should ▁die ▁there . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁a ▁Dan ish ▁woman ▁soldier ▁had ▁died ▁in ▁action ▁although ▁a ▁female ▁lance ▁corpor al ▁died ▁in ▁a ▁traffic ▁accident ▁in ▁Kos ovo ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁death s ▁Category : Dan ish ▁soldiers ▁Category : W omen ▁soldiers ▁Category : Dan ish ▁military ▁personnel ▁killed ▁in |
▁action ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁personnel ▁killed ▁in ▁the ▁War ▁in ▁Afghan istan ▁( 2 0 0 1 – present ) <0x0A> </s> ▁In ub aran , ▁is ▁a ▁Filip ino ▁ch icken ▁ste w ▁or ▁soup ▁made ▁with ▁ch icken ▁cook ed ▁with ▁d iced ▁ban ana ▁p ith , ▁co con ut ▁milk ▁( g ata ) ▁or ▁co con ut ▁cre am ▁( k ak ang ▁g ata ), ▁a ▁s our ing ▁agent , ▁lem ong rass , ▁and ▁various ▁sp ices . ▁The ▁s our ing ▁agent ▁( called ▁a e ab ih ig ) ▁is ▁tradition ally ▁either ▁b atu an ▁f ruits ▁( G arc in ia ▁mor ella ) ▁or ▁lib as ▁leaves ▁( S pond ias ▁p inn ata ). ▁The ▁name ▁means ▁"[ co oked ] ▁with ▁u bad ▁( ban ana ▁p ith )", ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁confused ▁with ▁ub od ▁( pal m ▁heart ); ▁although ▁ub od ▁can ▁sometimes ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁for ▁u bad ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁difficult ▁to ▁ac quire . ▁It ▁origin ates ▁from ▁the ▁Western ▁Vis ay as ▁and ▁is ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁cu is ines ▁of ▁the ▁A kl anon ▁people . ▁Vari ants ▁of ▁the ▁d ish ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁made ▁with ▁other ▁types ▁of ▁meat ▁or ▁sea fo od . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁g in ata an . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Bin ak ol ▁G in ata ang ▁lab ong ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ph ili pp |
ine ▁sou ps ▁Category : Ph ili pp ine ▁ch icken ▁d ishes ▁Category : F ood s ▁containing ▁co con ut <0x0A> </s> ▁Ann apolis ▁Area ▁Christian ▁School ▁( A AC S ) ▁is ▁a ▁private , ▁non - den omin ational ▁Christian ▁school ▁located ▁in ▁Ann apolis ▁and ▁Se vern , ▁Maryland , ▁United ▁States . ▁It ▁serves ▁gr ades ▁K ▁through ▁ 1 2 . ▁▁ ▁It ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁the ▁Re formed ▁tradition ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁ ▁Athletics ▁Boys ' ▁high ▁school ▁sports ▁include ▁basketball , ▁baseball , ▁cross ▁country , ▁American ▁football , ▁golf , ▁Soccer , ▁lac ros se , ▁tennis , ▁vol ley ball , ▁and ▁wrest ling . ▁ ▁Girls ' ▁high ▁school ▁sports ▁include ▁basketball , ▁cheer leading , ▁cross ▁country , ▁field ▁hockey , ▁s occer , ▁lac ros se , ▁soft ball , ▁vol ley ball ▁and ▁tennis . ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁All ▁boys ' ▁sports ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁Maryland ▁Inter sch ol astic ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁( MI AA ), ▁while ▁all ▁girls ' ▁sports ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁Inter sch ol astic ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁of ▁Maryland ▁( IA AM ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁School ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Christ ian ity ▁in ▁Ann apolis , ▁Maryland ▁Category : Christ ian ▁schools ▁in ▁Maryland ▁Category : Private ▁elementary ▁schools ▁in ▁Maryland ▁Category : Private ▁middle ▁schools ▁in ▁Maryland ▁Category : Private ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁Maryland ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Ann apolis |
, ▁Maryland ▁Category : N onden omin ational ▁Christian ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Anne ▁A rund el ▁County , ▁Maryland ▁Category : S ever n , ▁Maryland <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁and ▁Sport ▁and ▁Well be ing ▁is ▁a ▁Junior ▁minister ial ▁post ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Government . ▁The ▁post ▁was ▁first ▁created ▁as ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁after ▁the ▁appointment ▁of ▁the ▁Scottish ▁National ▁Party ▁minor ity ▁administration . ▁It ▁was ▁renamed ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁with ▁further ▁ren am ings ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁Minister ▁reports ▁to ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Secretary ▁for ▁Health ▁and ▁Sport , ▁who ▁has ▁overall ▁responsibility ▁for ▁the ▁port folio , ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁cabinet . ▁The ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁has ▁specific ▁responsibility ▁for : ▁ ▁Health ▁improvement ▁Public ▁health ▁and ▁health y ▁working ▁lives ▁Phys ical ▁activity , ▁sport , ▁sport ing ▁events ▁and ▁events ▁legacy ▁ ▁Problem ▁alco hol ▁use ▁and ▁recovery , ▁and ▁dru gs ▁policy ▁ ▁Care ▁Ins pect or ate ▁Car ers ▁Child ▁and ▁mat ernal ▁health ▁( ex cluding ▁mental ▁health ) ▁Health ▁protection ▁Person - cent red ▁care ▁Self - direct ed ▁support ▁ ▁Sex ual ▁health ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health , ▁Sport ▁and ▁Well be ing ▁is ▁Joe ▁Fitz P atr ick ▁M SP . ▁ |
▁List ▁of ▁office ▁hold ers ▁ ▁History ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁public ▁health ▁was ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁the ▁Minister ▁for ▁Health ▁and ▁Community ▁Care ▁and ▁the ▁Deput y ▁Minister ▁for ▁Health ▁and ▁Community ▁Care . ▁ ▁The ▁Sal mond ▁government , ▁elected ▁following ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁elections , ▁created ▁the ▁junior ▁post ▁of ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁who ▁assist ed ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Secretary ▁for ▁Health ▁and ▁Well be ing ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Government . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁post ▁became ▁the ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁and ▁Sport ▁after ▁assuming ▁the ▁Sport ▁port folio . ▁ ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁post ▁revert ed ▁to ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁and ▁sport ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁separated ▁off ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁Minister ▁for ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁and ▁Sport ▁post . ▁Following ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Scottish ▁Parliament ▁election , ▁Nicola ▁St ur geon ▁re created ▁the ▁old ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁and ▁Sport ▁post . ▁ ▁The ▁Minister ▁does ▁not ▁attend ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Cab inet . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Scottish ▁Government ▁Scottish ▁Parliament ▁Question ▁Time ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Minister ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁and ▁Sport ▁on ▁Scottish ▁Government ▁website ▁ ▁Public ▁Health ▁Category : He alth ▁in ▁Scotland ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Scotland ▁Category : Public ▁health ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : He alth ▁minister s ▁of ▁Scotland <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁C ain |
▁Carter ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio , ▁Texas ) ▁is ▁a ▁cattle ▁ran cher ▁and ▁conservation ist ▁who ▁started ▁the ▁Brazil ian ▁rain for est ▁conservation ▁organization , ▁Ali ança ▁da ▁Terra . ▁Carter ▁moved ▁to ▁Brazil ▁from ▁Texas ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁where ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁managed ▁an ▁ 8 2 0 0 ▁hect are ▁cattle ▁ran ch ▁between ▁the ▁X ingu ▁ ▁and ▁Amazon ▁R ivers ▁in ▁the ▁Brazil ian ▁state ▁of ▁M ato ▁Gros so . ▁Sho ck ed ▁by ▁the ▁rapid ▁def or est ation ▁occurr ing ▁in ▁the ▁Amazon ▁Rain for est , ▁Carter ▁started ▁Ali ança ▁da ▁Terra ▁to ▁provide ▁economic ▁in cent ives ▁for ▁far mers ▁and ▁ran ch ers ▁to ▁preserve ▁the ▁forest ▁land . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ali ança ▁da ▁Terra ▁website ▁ ▁Category : American ▁environmental ists ▁Category : B raz ilian ▁environmental ists ▁Category : A gr icult ure ▁in ▁Brazil ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 6 6 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Middle ▁Ram u ▁or ▁An nab erg ▁languages ▁are ▁a ▁small ▁language ▁family ▁of ▁Mad ang ▁Province , ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Guinea . ▁It ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁accepted ▁as ▁a ▁valid ▁grouping ▁by ▁Gl ott olog , ▁but ▁is ▁accepted ▁by ▁F ole y ▁( 2 0 1 8 ). ▁ ▁W urm ▁( 1 9 8 2 ) ▁class ified ▁A ian , ▁at ▁his ▁' family ' ▁level , ▁in ▁a |
▁more ▁distant ▁stock - level ▁relationship ▁with ▁R ao ▁( An nab erg ): ▁An nab erg ▁R ao ▁( An nab erg ) ▁A ian ▁family : ▁An or , ▁A i ome ▁ ▁The ▁An nab erg ▁family ▁is ▁generally ▁class ified ▁among ▁the ▁Ram u ▁languages ▁of ▁northern ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Guinea . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Tim othy ▁U sh er , ▁New ▁Guinea ▁World , ▁Pro to – Middle ▁Ram u ▁River ▁▁▁ ▁Category : R am u ▁languages ▁Category : L anguages ▁of ▁Mad ang ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁season ▁was ▁Football ▁Club ▁Intern azionale ▁Milano ' s ▁ 1 0 6 th ▁in ▁existence ▁and ▁ 9 9 th ▁consecutive ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁flight ▁of ▁Italian ▁football . ▁The ▁team ▁took ▁part ▁at ▁Serie ▁A , ▁Coppa ▁Italia ▁and ▁UEFA ▁Europa ▁League . ▁ ▁Season ▁over view ▁During ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Inter ▁was ▁left ▁by ▁the ▁main ▁protagon ists ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 – 1 0 ▁Tre ble : ▁the ▁captain ▁J avier ▁Z an etti , ▁Walter ▁Samuel , ▁Est eb an ▁Camb i asso ▁and ▁Diego ▁Mil ito . ▁Therefore , ▁the ▁only ▁left ▁of ▁that ▁season ▁were ▁Jo el ▁Ob i ▁and ▁R ene ▁Kr hin , ▁both ▁returning ▁from ▁loan . ▁The ▁renew al ▁signed ▁by ▁Walter ▁M azz ar ri ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁arrival s ▁of ▁new ▁men ▁( G ary |
▁Med el , ▁Pablo ▁Os val do , ▁Y ann ▁M ' V ila , ▁D od ô ▁and ▁N eman ja ▁V idi ć ) ▁and ▁a ▁several ▁years ▁without ▁tro ph ies ▁helped ▁the ▁fans ▁to ▁predict ▁a ▁" year ▁zero " ▁for ▁their ▁club . ▁The ▁new ▁era ▁started ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁August ▁when , ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁leg ▁of ▁the ▁Europa ▁League ▁play - off , ▁Inter ▁beat ▁St j arn an ▁ 3 – 0 . ▁The ▁second ▁leg ▁match ▁resulted ▁in ▁another ▁large ▁win ▁of ▁ 6 – 0 : ▁K ova č ić ▁un locked ▁his ▁record , ▁scoring ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁goals . ▁The ▁results ▁of ▁Serie ▁A ▁were ▁- ▁instead ▁- ▁disappoint ing , ▁except ▁the ▁ 7 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁S ass u olo . ▁Inter ▁lost ▁with ▁C agli ari ▁and ▁F ior ent ina , ▁suffering ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁seven ▁goals . ▁M azz ar ri ▁put ▁his ▁job ▁at ▁risk ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁quar rel ▁with ▁Mass imo ▁Mor atti , ▁stating ▁that ▁" he ▁didn ' t ▁have ▁time ▁to ▁waste ". ▁Despite ▁a ▁good ▁European ▁campaign , ▁with ▁eight ▁points ▁collected ▁in ▁four ▁matches ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁stage , ▁the ▁coach ▁was ▁fired ▁after ▁a ▁ 2 – 2 ▁draw ▁with ▁Hell as ▁Ver ona . ▁Er ick ▁Th oh ir ▁bet ▁on ▁Roberto ▁Man c ini , ▁who ▁co ached ▁the ▁side ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁winning |
▁the ▁Italian ▁title ▁for ▁three ▁consecutive ▁years . ▁Man c ini ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁in ▁the ▁Derby ▁della ▁Mad onn ina ▁( 1 – 1 ), ▁then ▁reached ▁the ▁European ▁knock out ▁phase ▁on ▁his ▁f ift i eth ▁birth day . ▁However , ▁the ▁gap ▁with ▁other ▁oppon ents ▁was ▁un att ain able ▁at ▁mid - season . ▁ ▁Man c ini ▁tried ▁to ▁resolve ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁a ▁team ▁not ▁built ▁by ▁him ▁with ▁new ▁purch ases ▁( Pod ol ski , ▁Sh a q iri ▁and ▁Bro z ović ) ▁and ▁a ▁policy ▁based ▁on ▁young ▁players ▁such ▁as ▁Pu ș ca ș , ▁Bon azz oli , ▁G nou k ouri , ▁Don kor ▁and ▁Dim ar co : ▁however ▁Inter ▁had ▁poor ▁results , ▁being ▁defeated ▁in ▁both ▁cu ps ▁( Co ppa ▁Italia ▁and ▁Europa ▁League ). ▁The ▁attempt ▁of ▁getting ▁a ▁pla cement ▁useful ▁for ▁European ▁compet itions ▁failed ▁in ▁final ▁matches , ▁stick ing ▁Inter ▁at ▁e ighth ▁position . ▁I card i ' s ▁goals ▁- ▁that ▁crown ed ▁him ▁Serie ▁A ▁top ▁sc orer ▁- ▁were ▁not ▁enough ▁to ▁save ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁Kit ▁ ▁Supp lier : ▁N ike ▁/ ▁Sp ons or : ▁P ire l li ▁ ▁Kit ▁information ▁The ▁new ▁home ▁k it ▁is ▁black ▁with ▁a ▁thin ▁blue ▁p inst ri pe ▁and ▁also ▁bo asts ▁a ▁new ▁en larg ed ▁and ▁en hanced ▁club ▁cr est . ▁The ▁club ▁cr est ▁– ▁in ▁the ▁version |
▁with ▁the ▁star ▁on ▁the ▁top ▁– ▁will ▁be ▁present ▁exclus ively ▁on ▁the ▁j er sey . ▁The ▁sh irt ▁has ▁a ▁tail ored ▁black ▁col lar ▁with ▁a ▁thin ▁blue ▁trim , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁button ▁at ▁the ▁top , ▁and ▁a ▁pla cket ▁with ▁a ▁hidden ▁button . ▁Inside ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁neck ▁is ▁a ▁p enn ant ▁tab ▁featuring ▁the ▁Saint ▁George ’ s ▁cross ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Milan ’ s ▁coat ▁of ▁arms . ▁On ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁neck ▁is ▁" Inter " ▁in ▁a ▁spe cially ▁designed ▁font , ▁which ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁N er ra zz ur ri ' s ▁most ▁committed ▁fans ▁on ▁flags ▁and ▁b ann ers ▁inside ▁the ▁San ▁S iro ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁The ▁new ▁home ▁short s ▁are ▁black ▁with ▁a ▁thin ▁blue ▁stri pe ▁along ▁each ▁side , ▁and ▁the ▁new ▁home ▁so cks ▁are ▁black ▁with ▁a ▁wide ▁t onal ▁stri pe ▁of ▁che v rons ▁on ▁the ▁back . ▁The ▁new ▁away ▁k it ▁has ▁a ▁rib bed ▁crew ▁neck ▁col lar ▁and ▁is ▁white ▁with ▁a ▁t onal ▁light ▁grey ▁graph ic ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁consisting ▁of ▁lines ▁which ▁create ▁a ▁Saint ▁George ' s ▁cross ▁from ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Milan ' s ▁coat ▁of ▁arms . ▁Inside ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁neck ▁is ▁a ▁p enn ant ▁tab ▁featuring ▁the ▁proud ▁message ▁" Mil ano ▁E ’ ▁Solo ▁Inter " ▁( Mil an ▁is |
▁only ▁Inter ). ▁It ▁is ▁written ▁in ▁a ▁spe cially ▁designed ▁font . ▁On ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁neck ▁is ▁another ▁Saint ▁George ' s ▁cross ▁to ▁once ▁again ▁proud ly ▁represent ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Milan ' s ▁coat ▁of ▁arms . ▁The ▁new ▁away ▁k it ▁is ▁completed ▁by ▁white ▁short s ▁and ▁so cks . ▁ ▁Pre - season ▁and ▁friend lies ▁ ▁Pin z olo ▁training ▁camp ▁ ▁International ▁Champions ▁Cup ▁ ▁Other ▁friend lies ▁ ▁Compet itions ▁ ▁Over view ▁ ▁Serie ▁A ▁ ▁League ▁table ▁ ▁Results ▁summary ▁ ▁Results ▁by ▁round ▁ ▁Match es ▁ ▁Coppa ▁Italia ▁ ▁UEFA ▁Europa ▁League ▁ ▁Play - off ▁round ▁ ▁Group ▁stage ▁ ▁Kno ck out ▁phase ▁ ▁Round ▁of ▁ 3 2 ▁ ▁Round ▁of ▁ 1 6 ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁and ▁goals ▁ ▁| - ▁! ▁col span =" 1 2 " ▁style =" background :# d cd cd c ; ▁text - align : center " | ▁Go al keep ers ▁ ▁| - ▁! ▁col span =" 1 2 " ▁style =" background :# d cd cd c ; ▁text - align : center " | ▁Def enders ▁ ▁| - ▁! ▁col span =" 1 2 " ▁style =" background :# d cd cd c ; ▁text - align : center " | ▁Mid field ers ▁ ▁| - ▁! ▁col span =" 1 2 " ▁style =" background :# d cd cd c ; ▁text - align : center " | |
▁For wards ▁ ▁| - ▁! ▁col span =" 1 2 " ▁style =" background :# d cd cd c ; ▁text - align : center " | ▁Play ers ▁transferred ▁out ▁during ▁the ▁season ▁ ▁Go als cor ers ▁{ | ▁class =" wik itable ▁sort able " ▁style =" font - size : ▁ 9 5 %; ▁text - align : ▁center ;" ▁| - ▁! width =" 7 %" | No . ▁! width =" 7 %" | Pos . ▁! width =" 7 %" | N ation ▁! width =" 2 0 %" | Name ▁! Ser ie ▁A ▁! Co ppa ▁Italia ▁! E uropa ▁League ▁! Total ▁| - ▁| ▁ 9 ▁ ▁| ▁F W ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Mau ro ▁I card i ▁| ▁ 2 2 ▁ ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 4 ▁ ▁| 2 7 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 8 ▁| ▁F W ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Rod r igo ▁Pala cio ▁| ▁ 8 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 4 ▁ ▁| 1 2 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 0 ▁| ▁M F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Mate o ▁K ova č ić ▁| ▁ 5 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 3 ▁ ▁| 8 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 7 ▁| ▁F W ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁D ani ▁Os val do ▁| ▁ 5 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 2 ▁ ▁| 7 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 3 ▁| ▁M F ▁| |
▁ ▁| ▁Fred y ▁Gu ar ín ▁| ▁ 6 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| 7 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 8 8 ▁| ▁M F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Hern anes ▁| ▁ 5 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| 5 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 3 3 ▁| ▁D F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Dan ilo ▁D ' Am b ros io ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 3 ▁ ▁| 3 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 9 1 ▁| ▁M F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁X h erd an ▁Sh a q iri ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| 3 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 2 2 ▁| ▁D F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁D od ô ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 2 ▁ ▁| 2 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 2 3 ▁| ▁D F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Andrea ▁Ran oc chia ▁| ▁ 2 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| 2 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 1 ▁| ▁F W ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁L uk as ▁Pod ol ski ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| 1 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 5 ▁| ▁D F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁N eman ja ▁V idi ć ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| 1 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 |
7 ▁| ▁M F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Z d rav ko ▁K uz man ović ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| 1 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 2 0 ▁| ▁M F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Jo el ▁Ob i ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| 1 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 7 7 ▁| ▁M F ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁Marcel o ▁Bro z ović ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| 1 ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁# ▁| ▁col span = 3 ▁| ▁O wn ▁goals ▁| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| ▁ 0 ▁ ▁| 1 ▁ ▁| - ▁| - ▁bg color =" F 1 F 1 F 1 " ▁ ▁| ▁col span = 4 ▁| ▁T OT AL ▁| ▁ 5 9 ▁ ▁| ▁ 2 ▁▁ ▁| ▁ 2 1 ▁ ▁| ▁ 8 2 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Inter ▁Milan ▁seasons ▁Intern azionale ▁Intern azionale <0x0A> </s> ▁Elizabeth ▁Butler ▁( ne e ▁Dar cy ), ▁Count ess ▁of ▁Or mond ▁( 3 ▁April ▁ 1 3 3 2 ▁– ▁ 2 4 ▁March ▁ 1 3 9 0 ) ▁was ▁the ▁wife ▁of ▁Irish ▁peer ▁James ▁Butler , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Or mond , ▁and ▁the ▁mother ▁of ▁his ▁six ▁children , ▁including ▁James ▁Butler , ▁ 3 rd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Or mond . ▁ ▁Family ▁and ▁line age ▁ ▁Elizabeth |
▁Dar cy ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 3 ▁April ▁ 1 3 3 2 ▁at ▁Pl atten , ▁County ▁Me ath , ▁Ireland , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Sir ▁John ▁Dar cy , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Dar cy ▁de ▁Kn ay th , ▁Just ici ar ▁of ▁Ireland , ▁and ▁his ▁second ▁wife ▁Joan ▁de ▁Burg h . ▁Sir ▁John ▁was ▁a ▁veter an ▁of ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Cre cy . ▁He ▁held ▁the ▁offices ▁of ▁Const able ▁of ▁Not ting ham ▁Castle , ▁Const able ▁of ▁the ▁Tower ▁of ▁London , ▁and ▁Sher iff ▁of ▁Lanc ash ire . ▁From ▁ 1 3 4 1 - ▁ 1 3 4 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁Chamber lain ▁to ▁King ▁Edward ▁III . ▁▁ ▁Elizabeth ▁had ▁a ▁brother ▁Sir ▁William ▁Dar cy , ▁who ▁married ▁Catherine ▁Fitz G er ald , ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁issue . ▁She ▁also ▁had ▁numerous ▁half - s ib lings ▁from ▁her ▁parents ' ▁previous ▁mar ri ages . ▁Her ▁father ' s ▁first ▁wife ▁was ▁Em eline ▁Her on , ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁eight ▁children , ▁including ▁his ▁he ir , ▁John ▁Dar cy , ▁ 2 nd ▁Baron ▁Dar cy ▁of ▁K na ith . ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁mother ' s ▁first ▁husband ▁had ▁been ▁Thomas ▁Fitz G er ald , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁K ild are , ▁by ▁whom ▁she ▁had ▁three ▁sons , ▁John ▁Fitz G er ald , ▁ ▁Richard ▁Fitz G er ald , ▁ 3 rd ▁Earl ▁of ▁K |
ild are , ▁and ▁Maurice ▁Fitz G er ald , ▁ 4 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁K ild are . ▁ ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁pat ernal ▁grand par ents ▁were ▁Roger ▁Dar cy ▁and ▁Isabel ▁d ' A ton , ▁and ▁her ▁mat ernal ▁grand par ents ▁were ▁Richard ▁de ▁Burg h , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Ul ster ▁and ▁Margaret ▁de ▁Burg h , ▁daughter ▁of ▁Sir ▁John ▁de ▁Burg h ▁and ▁Cec ily ▁de ▁Bal li ol . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁her ▁mat ernal ▁a un ts ▁was ▁Elizabeth ▁de ▁Burg h , ▁the ▁second ▁wife ▁of ▁Robert ▁the ▁Bruce . ▁ ▁Mar ri ages ▁and ▁issue ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁May ▁ 1 3 4 6 ▁in ▁Or mond , ▁Ireland , ▁when ▁Elizabeth ▁was ▁four teen , ▁she ▁married ▁her ▁first ▁husband ▁James ▁Butler , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Or mond , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁James ▁Butler , ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁Or mond . ▁He ▁was ▁Lord ▁Justice ▁of ▁Ireland ▁in ▁ 1 3 5 9 , ▁ 1 3 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 1 3 7 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁Const able ▁of ▁Dublin ▁Castle ▁in ▁ 1 3 4 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁No ble ▁Earl , ▁however , ▁the ▁Irish ▁called ▁him ▁The ▁Ch aste . ▁As ▁they ▁were ▁related ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁degree ▁of ▁kin ship , ▁a ▁pap al ▁disp ens ation ▁was ▁required ▁for ▁their ▁marriage . ▁ ▁Upon ▁her ▁marriage ▁to ▁the ▁Earl |
, ▁Elizabeth ▁assumed ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Count ess ▁of ▁Or mond . ▁Histor ian ▁Thomas ▁Car te ▁described ▁her ▁as ▁having ▁been ▁a ▁" wise ▁and ▁hon ou rable ▁lady ". < ref ▁name =" kil ken ny 8 2 "> Trans actions ▁of ▁the ▁Kil ken ny ▁Ar che ological ▁Society , ▁Volume ▁ 1 . ▁p . 8 2 </ ref > ▁ ▁James ▁and ▁Elizabeth ▁had ▁six ▁children : ▁▁ ▁Ralph ▁Butler ▁ ▁Ele an or ▁Butler ▁( d ied ▁ 1 3 9 2 ), ▁married ▁Ger ald ▁Fitz M aur ice ▁Fitz G er ald , ▁ 3 rd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Des mond , ▁by ▁whom ▁she ▁had ▁issue , ▁including ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁and ▁ 6 th ▁Ear ls ▁of ▁Des mond . ▁ ▁James ▁Butler , ▁ 3 rd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Or mond ▁( d ied ▁ 6 ▁September ▁ 1 4 0 5 ), ▁before ▁ 1 7 ▁June ▁ 1 3 8 6 , ▁married ▁first ly , ▁Anne ▁W elles , ▁Count ess ▁of ▁Or mond , ▁daughter ▁of ▁John ▁W elles , ▁ 4 th ▁Lord ▁W elles ▁and ▁Ma ud ▁de ▁Ros , ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁issue , ▁including ▁James ▁Butler , ▁ 4 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁Or mond . ▁He ▁married ▁second ly , ▁K atherine ▁Fitz G er ald ▁of ▁Des mond , ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁further ▁issue . ▁In ▁ 1 3 9 1 , ▁he ▁purchased ▁Kil ken ny ▁Castle . ▁ ▁Thomas ▁Butler |
▁ ▁Catherine ▁Butler ▁( born ▁ 1 3 6 1 ), ▁married ▁first ly , ▁Thomas ▁Re ade , ▁by ▁whom ▁she ▁had ▁one ▁son , ▁Richard ; ▁and ▁second ly , ▁Thomas ▁F lem ing ▁of ▁Sl ane . ▁ ▁Joan ▁Butler , ▁married ▁T ie ge ▁O ' ▁Car roll ▁ ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁husband ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁October ▁ 1 3 8 2 ▁in ▁Kno ck top her ▁and ▁was ▁buried ▁in ▁G ow ran ▁Church , ▁Co . ▁Kil ken ny . ▁She ▁married ▁second ly , ▁Sir ▁Robert ▁L uk yn ▁de ▁Here ford , ▁Sen esch al ▁of ▁the ▁Liber ty ▁of ▁Ti pper ary , ▁between ▁ 2 8 ▁December ▁ 1 3 8 3 ▁and ▁ 3 0 ▁March ▁ 1 3 8 4 . ▁▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁Elizabeth ▁Dar cy ▁died ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁March ▁ 1 3 9 0 , ▁shortly ▁before ▁her ▁ 5 8 th ▁birth day . ▁▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Charles ▁C aw ley , ▁Med ieval ▁Land s ' ', ▁Ireland , ▁Ear ls ▁of ▁Or mond ▁Elizabeth ▁Dar cy ▁at ▁The Pe er age . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 3 3 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 3 9 0 ▁death s ▁Category : Ang lo - N orm ans ▁in ▁Ireland ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁County ▁Me ath ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁Irish ▁people ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁Irish ▁women ▁Category : Ang lo - N |
orm an ▁women <0x0A> </s> ▁F la vi us ▁Sig is v ult us ▁( fl . ▁ 4 2 7 – 4 4 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁general ▁of ▁the ▁late ▁Western ▁Roman ▁Empire . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁sent ▁in ▁ 4 2 7 ▁to ▁command ▁the ▁war ▁in ▁Africa ▁against ▁a ▁reb elli ous ▁general , ▁Bon ifa cius , ▁after ▁previous ▁gener als ▁had ▁been ▁defeated ▁by ▁the ▁latter , ▁and ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁appointed ▁comes ▁Africa e , ▁succeed ing ▁Bon ifa cius . ▁He ▁seized ▁Hi ppo ▁and ▁Car th age , ▁and ▁as ▁an ▁A rian ▁himself , ▁sent ▁an ▁A rian ▁bishop , ▁Max imin us , ▁to ▁dispute ▁with ▁August ine ▁of ▁Hi ppo ▁in ▁ 4 2 7 ▁or ▁ 4 2 8 . ▁He ▁pres umably ▁returned ▁to ▁Italy ▁after ▁relations ▁between ▁the ▁Emperor ▁and ▁Bon ifa cius ▁were ▁restored ▁in ▁ 4 2 9 ▁or ▁ 4 3 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁cons ul ▁in ▁ 4 3 7 ▁with ▁F la vi us ▁A et ius . ▁From ▁either ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁or ▁from ▁ 4 4 0 ▁until ▁ 4 4 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁mag ister ▁ut ri us que ▁milit iae ▁( though ▁despite ▁the ▁title ▁he ▁remained ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁A et ius ), ▁and ▁organized ▁def ences ▁against ▁the ▁V and als . ▁By ▁ 4 4 8 ▁he ▁had ▁become ▁a ▁pat ric ian . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁Sig is v ult |
us ▁is ▁of ▁German ▁origin , ▁and ▁is ▁also ▁written ▁Sig is v ult , ▁Seg is v ult us , ▁or ▁Sig is v uld us . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁sometimes ▁called ▁Sig is v ult ▁the ▁Goth . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Mag ist ri ▁milit um ▁Category : Im per ial ▁Roman ▁cons uls ▁Category : 5 th - century ▁Rom ans ▁of ▁Goth ic ▁descent ▁Category : 5 th - century ▁A rian ▁Christians ▁Category : G oth ic ▁war riors ▁Category : P atr ici i ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁unknown ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁unknown <0x0A> </s> ▁Le ▁Cro zet ▁is ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁Lo ire ▁department ▁in ▁central ▁France . ▁ ▁Population ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Comm unes ▁of ▁the ▁Lo ire ▁department ▁ ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁Lo ire ▁( de partment ) <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁kis ser ▁is ▁one ▁who ▁kiss es . ▁ ▁K isser ▁or ▁K iss ers ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁K isser ▁( s urname ) ▁ ▁K iss ers ▁is ▁a ▁term ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁Follow ers ▁of ▁Christ ▁church ▁and ▁its ▁members ▁ ▁K iss ers ▁and ▁Kill ers ▁is ▁an ▁album ▁name ▁from ▁The ▁Ch oir ▁( altern ative ▁rock ▁band ) ▁ ▁sl ang ▁for ▁M outh ▁or ▁Face ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁The ▁K iss ▁( disambiguation ) ▁K iss ▁K iss ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁w ard ▁( ; ▁y at kw et , ▁) ▁is ▁a |
▁fourth - level ▁administrative ▁sub div ision ▁of ▁My an mar ' s ▁urban ▁cities ▁and ▁towns , ▁below ▁the ▁third - level ▁sub div ision ▁of ▁town ship . ▁Currently , ▁as ▁of ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁there ▁are ▁ 3 , 1 8 3 ▁w ards ▁in ▁My an mar . ▁In ▁rural ▁areas , ▁the ▁equivalent ▁fourth - level ▁unit ▁is ▁the ▁village ▁tract . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Administr ative ▁divisions ▁of ▁Bur ma ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Sub div isions ▁of ▁My an mar ▁Bur ma , ▁W ards ▁Bur ma ▁ 4 ▁W ards , ▁Bur ma ▁Category : My an mar ▁ge ography - related ▁lists <0x0A> </s> ▁Ryan ▁Township ▁is ▁a ▁town ship ▁in ▁Sch u yl kill ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 , 4 5 1 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁census . ▁ ▁Geography ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Census ▁Bureau , ▁the ▁town ship ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 8 . 1 square ▁miles ▁( 4 7 . 0 km ² ), ▁of ▁which , ▁ 1 7 . 9 square ▁miles ▁( 4 6 . 4 km ² ) ▁of ▁it ▁is ▁land ▁and ▁ 0 . 2 square ▁miles ▁( 0 . 6 km ² ) ▁of ▁it ▁( 1 . 3 8 %) ▁is ▁water . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 |
0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 , 4 5 1 ▁people , ▁ 5 5 5 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 4 2 5 ▁families ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁town ship . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 8 1 . 1 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 3 1 . 3 / km ²). ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 6 1 3 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 3 4 . 3 / sq mi ▁( 1 3 . 2 / km ²). ▁ ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁town ship ▁was ▁ 9 9 . 6 6 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 1 4 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 0 . 0 7 % ▁from ▁other ▁races , ▁and ▁ 0 . 1 4 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 0 . 8 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 5 5 5 ▁households ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 3 0 . 6 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 6 3 . 1 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 7 . 6 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and ▁ 2 3 . 4 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 2 0 . 4 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 9 . 2 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who |
▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 6 1 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 3 . 0 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁town ship ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 2 2 . 3 % ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 7 . 0 % ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 4 . 7 % ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 3 2 . 3 % ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 1 3 . 7 % ▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 4 2 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 3 . 2 ▁males . ▁ ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 2 . 7 ▁males . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁household ▁in ▁the ▁town ship ▁was ▁$ 4 3 , 4 5 6 , ▁and ▁the ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁family ▁was ▁$ 4 8 , 9 4 7 . ▁M ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 3 5 , 9 3 8 ▁versus ▁$ 2 4 , 2 5 0 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁town ship ▁was ▁$ 2 0 , 4 0 3 . ▁ ▁About |
▁ 6 . 8 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 7 . 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁pover ty ▁line , ▁including ▁ 8 . 3 % ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 1 5 . 9 % ▁of ▁those ▁age ▁ 6 5 ▁or ▁over . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T own ships ▁in ▁Sch u yl kill ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁mod pro be ▁is ▁a ▁Linux ▁program ▁originally ▁written ▁by ▁R ust y ▁Russell ▁and ▁used ▁to ▁add ▁a ▁load able ▁kernel ▁module ▁to ▁the ▁Linux ▁kernel ▁or ▁to ▁remove ▁a ▁load able ▁kernel ▁module ▁from ▁the ▁kernel . ▁It ▁is ▁commonly ▁used ▁indirect ly : ▁u dev ▁re lies ▁upon ▁mod pro be ▁to ▁load ▁drivers ▁for ▁automatically ▁detected ▁hardware . ▁▁ ▁mod pro be ▁is ▁distributed ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁software ▁package ▁" k mod " ▁( m aint ained ▁by ▁Lucas ▁De ▁Mar chi ▁and ▁others ). ▁It ▁was ▁previously ▁developed ▁as : ▁ ▁" module - init - tools ", ▁for ▁Linux ▁kernel ▁version ▁ 2 . 6 ▁and ▁later ▁( m aint ained ▁by ▁Jon ▁Masters ▁and ▁others ) ▁ ▁" mod utils " ▁for ▁use ▁with ▁Linux ▁versions ▁ 2 . 2 . x ▁and ▁ 2 . 4 . x . ▁. ▁ ▁Operation ▁ ▁The ▁mod pro be ▁program ▁offers ▁more ▁full - feature d ▁" Sw iss - ar my - kn ife " ▁features ▁than ▁the ▁more ▁basic ▁ins mod ▁and ▁rm mod |
▁util ities , ▁with ▁the ▁following ▁benefits : ▁▁ ▁an ▁ability ▁to ▁make ▁more ▁intuit ive ▁dec isions ▁about ▁which ▁modules ▁to ▁load ▁ ▁an ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁module ▁dependencies , ▁so ▁that ▁when ▁requested ▁to ▁load ▁a ▁module , ▁mod pro be ▁adds ▁other ▁required ▁modules ▁first ▁ ▁the ▁resolution ▁of ▁recursive ▁module ▁dependencies ▁as ▁required ▁ ▁If ▁invoked ▁with ▁no ▁switch es , ▁the ▁program ▁by ▁default ▁adds / in ser ts / inst alls ▁the ▁named ▁module ▁into ▁the ▁kernel . ▁Root ▁privileges ▁are ▁typically ▁required ▁for ▁these ▁changes . ▁ ▁Any ▁arguments ▁appearing ▁after ▁the ▁module ▁name ▁are ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁kernel ▁( in ▁addition ▁to ▁any ▁options ▁listed ▁in ▁the ▁configuration ▁file ). ▁ ▁In ▁some ▁versions ▁of ▁mod pro be , ▁the ▁configuration ▁file ▁is ▁called ▁mod pro be . conf , ▁and ▁in ▁others ▁the ▁equivalent ▁is ▁the ▁collection ▁of ▁files ▁called ▁< mod ul ename > ▁in ▁the ▁/ etc / mod pro be . d ▁directory . ▁ ▁Fe atures ▁ ▁The ▁mod pro be ▁program ▁also ▁has ▁more ▁configuration ▁features ▁than ▁other ▁similar ▁util ities . ▁It ▁is ▁possible ▁to ▁define ▁module ▁ali ases ▁allowing ▁for ▁some ▁automatic ▁loading ▁of ▁modules . ▁When ▁the ▁kernel ▁requires ▁a ▁module , ▁it ▁actually ▁runs ▁mod pro be ▁to ▁request ▁it ; ▁however , ▁the ▁kernel ▁has ▁a ▁description ▁of ▁only ▁some ▁module ▁properties ▁( for ▁example , ▁a ▁device ▁major ▁number , ▁or ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁a ▁network ▁protocol ), ▁and ▁mod pro be |
▁does ▁the ▁job ▁of ▁transl ating ▁that ▁to ▁an ▁actual ▁module ▁name ▁via ▁ali ases . ▁ ▁This ▁program ▁also ▁has ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁run ▁programs ▁before ▁or ▁after ▁loading ▁or ▁un loading ▁a ▁given ▁module ; ▁for ▁example , ▁setting ▁the ▁mix er ▁right ▁after ▁loading ▁a ▁sound ▁card ▁module , ▁or ▁upload ing ▁the ▁firm ware ▁to ▁a ▁device ▁immediately ▁prior ▁to ▁en abling ▁it . ▁Although ▁these ▁actions ▁must ▁be ▁implemented ▁by ▁external ▁programs , ▁mod pro be ▁takes ▁care ▁of ▁synchron izing ▁their ▁execution ▁with ▁module ▁loading / un loading . ▁ ▁Black list ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁cases ▁where ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁modules ▁both ▁support ▁the ▁same ▁devices , ▁or ▁a ▁module ▁invalid ly ▁claims ▁to ▁support ▁a ▁device : ▁the ▁black list ▁keyword ▁indicates ▁that ▁all ▁of ▁a ▁particular ▁module ' s ▁internal ▁ali ases ▁are ▁to ▁be ▁ignored . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁ways ▁to ▁black list ▁a ▁module , ▁and ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁method ▁used ▁to ▁load ▁it ▁depends ▁on ▁where ▁this ▁is ▁configured . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁ways ▁to ▁black list ▁a ▁module ▁using ▁mod pro be , ▁employ ing ▁the ▁mod pro be . conf ▁system , ▁the ▁first ▁is ▁to ▁use ▁its ▁black list ing ▁system ▁in ▁/ etc / mod pro be . d /. ▁Any ▁filename ▁ending ▁with ▁. conf ▁can ▁be ▁used : ▁▁ ▁cat ▁/ etc / mod pro be . d / black list . conf ▁ ▁black list ▁ie ee 1 3 9 4 |
▁ ▁black list ▁oh ci 1 3 9 4 ▁ ▁black list ▁eth 1 3 9 4 ▁ ▁black list ▁sb p 2 ▁ ▁An ▁install ▁primitive ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁priority ▁in ▁the ▁config ▁file ▁and ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁black list ing ▁method ▁above , ▁requiring ▁this ▁second ▁method : ▁▁ ▁cat ▁/ etc / mod pro be . d / ie ee 1 3 9 4 . conf ▁ ▁install ▁ie ee 1 3 9 4 ▁/ bin / true ▁ ▁install ▁oh ci 1 3 9 4 ▁/ bin / true ▁ ▁install ▁eth 1 3 9 4 ▁/ bin / true ▁ ▁install ▁sb p 2 ▁/ bin / true ▁ ▁Altern ately , ▁you ▁can ▁modify ▁/ etc / mod pro be . conf : ▁▁ ▁alias ▁sub _ module ▁/ dev / null ▁▁ ▁alias ▁module _ main ▁/ dev / null ▁▁ ▁options ▁module _ main ▁needed _ option = 0 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁ls mod ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁mod pro be ▁man ▁page . ▁ ▁mod pro be . conf ▁ ▁modules . dep ▁ ▁Category : Command - line ▁software ▁Category : Linux ▁kernel - related ▁software <0x0A> </s> ▁E lo ise ▁Andrew s ▁Kru ger ▁( J une ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁– ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁mini ature ▁collect or ▁from ▁Lincoln , ▁Neb r aska ▁who ▁was ▁known ▁for ▁her |
▁collection ▁of ▁histor ically - ac cur ate ▁American ▁mini atures . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Kru ger ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Lincoln , ▁Neb r aska ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁as ▁the ▁el dest ▁of ▁Vern on ▁and ▁L uel la ▁D ier ks ▁Andrew s ' s ▁four ▁daughters . ▁Her ▁cousin , ▁Carl ▁R oh man , ▁acc laimed ▁supp orter ▁of ▁the ▁Sh eld on ▁Memorial ▁Art ▁Gallery , ▁rem embers ▁her ▁being ▁a ▁very ▁confident ▁young ▁woman . ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁De pression , ▁she ▁was ▁exposed ▁to ▁a ▁high ▁level ▁of ▁living . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁passion ate ▁reader , ▁especially ▁on ▁the ▁subjects ▁of ▁interior ▁design ▁and ▁mini ature ▁collect ing . ▁She ▁graduated ▁from ▁Lincoln ▁High ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁and ▁en rolled ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Neb r aska . ▁She ▁only ▁attended ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁because ▁she ▁wanted ▁to ▁help ▁support ▁her ▁mother ▁and ▁sister s ▁after ▁her ▁father ▁abandoned ▁the ▁family ▁for ▁another ▁woman . ▁She ▁lived ▁with ▁her ▁a unt ▁and ▁uncle ▁to ▁help ▁her ▁three ▁sister s ▁pay ▁for ▁college , ▁all ▁of ▁whom ▁graduated . ▁She ▁married ▁Carl ▁Kru ger ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁and ▁soon ▁after ▁became ▁interested ▁in ▁mini ature ▁figures . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁She ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁secretary , ▁then ▁was ▁quickly ▁promoted ▁to ▁executive ▁secretary . ▁Lee ▁Sy nd icate ▁h ired ▁her ▁as ▁an ▁account ant , ▁despite ▁her |
▁lack ▁of ▁knowledge ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁After ▁bu ying ▁books ▁and ▁studying ▁she ▁became ▁ade pt ▁at ▁the ▁trade . ▁ ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁when ▁most ▁men ▁were ▁draft ed , ▁she ▁was ▁given ▁war - time ▁orders ▁to ▁h ire ▁and ▁train ▁women . ▁Event ually ▁she ▁ran ▁an ▁all - w oman ▁account ing ▁office ▁until ▁the ▁war ▁ended . ▁Even ▁once ▁her ▁collection ▁started , ▁she ▁still ▁worked ▁these ▁jobs ▁and ▁helped ▁her ▁husband ▁manage ▁Param ount ▁Lau nd ry . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁interested ▁in ▁sketch ing ▁plans ; ▁she ▁drew ▁the ▁house ▁her ▁mother ▁built ▁at ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁Dak ota ▁Street . ▁Her ▁account ing ▁job ▁allowed ▁her ▁to ▁travel ▁a ▁lot . ▁Her ▁cousin , ▁Carl ▁( K y ), ▁claimed ▁that ▁she ▁would ▁find ▁many ▁pieces ▁for ▁her ▁collection ▁on ▁these ▁tri ps . ▁ ▁The ▁collection ▁and ▁collect ing ▁methods ▁ ▁" When ▁she ▁under to ok ▁something ▁she ▁did ▁it ▁right . ▁She ▁studied ▁and ▁studied ▁until ▁she ▁got ▁it ▁right " ▁att ested ▁Carl ▁R oh man ▁Jr . ▁She ▁began ▁collect ing ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s . ▁The ▁height ▁of ▁her ▁collect ing ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁She ▁became ▁a ▁published ▁author ▁in ▁M ini ature ▁Magazine , ▁commission ed ▁out standing ▁mini ature ▁mak ers ▁to ▁create ▁models ▁from ▁the ▁American ▁Ne oc lass ical ▁era , |
▁and ▁reached ▁out ▁to ▁collect ors ▁all ▁over ▁the ▁country . ▁After ▁assess ing ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁American ▁Ne oc lass ical , ▁American ▁colonial ▁and ▁Victor ian ▁pieces ▁that ▁she ▁commission ed , ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁assumed ▁those ▁were ▁her ▁favorite ▁er as . ▁ ▁Her ▁attention ▁to ▁detail ▁was ▁remarkable , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁her ▁records , ▁documentation , ▁and ▁effort ▁to ▁learn ▁as ▁much ▁about ▁the ▁er as ▁as ▁possible . ▁All ▁of ▁the ▁models ▁were ▁created ▁at ▁ 1 : 1 2 ▁scale . ▁The ▁pieces ▁r anged ▁from ▁furn iture , ▁decor ative ▁arts , ▁and ▁access ories , ▁from ▁nearly ▁every ▁English ▁and ▁American ▁design ▁style , ▁from ▁Renaissance ▁to ▁Early ▁Modern , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁ ▁she ▁commission ed ▁to ▁look ▁as ▁accurate ▁to ▁the ▁real ▁pieces ▁as ▁possible . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁alone , ▁she ▁wrote ▁eight y - five ▁different ▁letters ▁to ▁collect ors ▁and ▁artists ▁across ▁the ▁country . ▁The ▁relationships ▁represented ▁varied ▁in ▁scope ▁and ▁familiar ity . ▁The ▁key ▁tr ends ▁of ▁these ▁letters ▁include ▁writing ▁multiple ▁letters ▁in ▁one ▁day ▁( 4 4 % ▁were ▁written ▁on ▁Th urs days ), ▁and ▁the ▁increase ▁of ▁letters ▁per ▁month ▁increasing ▁to ▁ 3 4 % ▁in ▁February . ▁The ▁patterns ▁correlate ▁with ▁events ▁that ▁trans p ired ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁like ▁the ▁Chicago ▁ri ots , ▁her ▁battle ▁with ▁und i agn osed ▁d iz zy ▁sp ells , ▁and ▁a ▁sp rained |
▁arm ▁that ▁prevent ed ▁her ▁from ▁writing . ▁ ▁In ▁many ▁of ▁her ▁letters ▁she ▁mentioned ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁creating ▁ 1 : 1 2 ▁mini ature ▁r ugs , ▁many ▁of ▁which ▁she ▁gave ▁away , ▁despite ▁the ▁hours ▁of ▁work ▁one ▁required . ▁She ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁Ch ipp end ale ▁Back ▁Sto ol ▁that ▁model ▁mak er , ▁Eric ▁Pear son , ▁made ▁custom ▁for ▁her . ▁The ▁fl am est itch ▁u ph ol st ery ▁took ▁ 4 0 ▁st itch es ▁per ▁in ch . ▁In ▁February , ▁E lo ise ▁told ▁E un ice ▁T utt le ▁" the ▁u ph ol st ery ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁is ▁driving ▁me ▁to ▁desp air ." ▁Her ▁two ▁main ▁correspond ents ▁were ▁Thomas ▁De vere ux ▁and ▁Ellen ▁Kru cker , ▁and ▁these ▁letters ▁included ▁more ▁personal ▁information , ▁like ▁politics ▁and ▁new ▁cars , ▁much ▁more ▁than ▁simply ▁in vo ices ▁for ▁her ▁collection . ▁Kru cker ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁artists ▁( as ide ▁from ▁Pear son ) ▁that ▁E lo ise ' s ▁husband ▁thought ▁made ▁" worth while ▁mini atures ". ▁E lo ise ▁r ented ▁the ▁a partment ▁across ▁the ▁hall ▁from ▁her ▁home , ▁just ▁for ▁storing ▁her ▁mini atures . ▁ ▁Top ▁artists ▁are ▁Eric ▁Pear son ▁with ▁ 2 3 6 ▁pieces , ▁Eug ene ▁K up jack , ▁Bob ▁Carl is le , ▁Warren ▁Dick , ▁M ell ▁Pres c ott , ▁and ▁Betty ▁Valent |
ine . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁legacy ▁ ▁Kru ger ▁died ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁at ▁age ▁ 8 1 . ▁She ▁was ▁surv ived ▁by ▁her ▁sister ▁Jean , ▁nep he ws ▁Donald ▁Campbell ▁and ▁Bob ▁Campbell , ▁and ▁cousin ▁Carl ▁R oh man . ▁Her ▁collection ▁was ▁don ated ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Neb r aska ▁- ▁Lincoln ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁and ▁is ▁now ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁Kru ger ▁Gallery ▁ ▁inside ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Architecture . ▁This ▁contribution ▁included ▁over ▁eight ▁hundred ▁books ▁on ▁the ▁subjects ▁of ▁architect ural ▁detail ing , ▁to ▁histor ies ▁in ▁cer am ics , ▁iron ▁work , ▁interior ▁design , ▁and ▁kitchen ▁space ▁planning , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁her ▁mini ature ▁collection ▁of ▁over ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁pieces , ▁val ued ▁at ▁$ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁Kru ger ▁Gallery ▁now ▁uses ▁her ▁collection ▁to ▁increase ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁architect ural ▁and ▁interior ▁er as , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁material ▁culture . ▁" I ▁think ▁it ' s ▁great ▁[ to ▁be ▁at ▁UN L ]. ▁She ▁val ued ▁education , ▁she ▁would ▁be ▁ter rib ly ▁pleased " ▁said ▁her ▁nep hew ▁Bob . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Scale ▁model ing ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Lincoln , ▁Neb r aska ▁Category : American ▁account |
ants ▁Category : American ▁art ▁collect ors <0x0A> </s> ▁Say ed ▁Bash iri ▁( born ▁ 3 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 1 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Iran ian ▁box er . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁light ▁fly weight ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : I ran ian ▁male ▁box ers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁box ers ▁of ▁Iran ▁Category : Box ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Caval ier ' s ▁Dream ▁is ▁an ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁American ▁black - and - white ▁horror ▁silent ▁one ▁minute ▁short ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Ed win ▁S . ▁Por ter ▁in ▁his ▁director ial ▁debut . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁He ▁s its ▁as leep ▁at ▁a ▁bare ▁table ; ▁old ▁w itch ▁enters , ▁ra ps ▁three ▁times , ▁then ▁disapp ears ; ▁caval ier ▁sees ▁table ▁spread ▁for ▁a ▁sum pt uous ▁rep ast . ▁Me ph ist oph eles ▁appears ; ▁then ▁the ▁old ▁w itch , ▁who ▁suddenly ▁transform s ▁into ▁a ▁beautiful ▁young ▁girl . ▁The ▁changes ▁and ▁mag ical ▁appearances ▁are ▁start ling ▁and ▁instant aneous . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 8 ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁short ▁films ▁Category : American ▁super |
natural ▁horror ▁films ▁Category : American ▁black - and - white ▁films ▁Category : American ▁silent ▁short ▁films ▁Category : 1 8 9 0 s ▁horror ▁films ▁Category : 1 8 9 8 ▁director ial ▁debut ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁NGC ▁ 1 9 ▁is ▁a ▁spir al ▁galax y ▁in ▁the ▁And rom eda ▁const ell ation . ▁It ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁Lewis ▁Swift ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁September ▁ 1 8 8 5 . ▁It ▁is ▁often ▁incorrectly ▁listed ▁as ▁a ▁duplicate ▁of ▁NGC ▁ 2 1 . ▁▁ ▁NGC ▁ 1 9 ▁in ▁inf ared ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : G al ax ies ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁Category : Bar red ▁spir al ▁galaxies ▁NGC ▁ 0 0 1 9 ▁ 0 0 1 9 ▁ 0 0 0 9 8 ▁ 0 0 0 7 5 9 ▁ 1 8 8 5 0 9 2 0 ▁Category : Dis cover ies ▁by ▁Lewis ▁Swift <0x0A> </s> ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ov ce ▁ ▁( ▁ ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁municipality ▁in ▁T ren č ín ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁T ren č ín ▁Region ▁of ▁north - western ▁Slov ak ia . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁historical ▁records ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁first ▁mentioned ▁in ▁ 1 3 4 5 . ▁The ▁original ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁municipality ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ov ce ▁was ▁settled ▁in ▁pre histor ic ▁times . ▁Prov ide ▁testim ony ▁about ▁arch ae ological |
▁finds . ▁Hed zi ▁Ve ľ k ými ▁St ank ov ce ▁and ▁Sel co ▁was ▁discovered ▁arch ae ological ▁site ▁H rad i ště ▁long ▁and ▁short , ▁but ▁they ▁are ▁still ▁little ▁expl ored . ▁C ertain ly ▁in ▁the ▁future ▁will ▁bear ▁witness ▁to ▁the ▁earth ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁arch ae ological ▁finds ▁from ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁former ▁villages . ▁Writ ten ▁sources ▁to ▁enter ▁the ▁territory ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ovie c ▁during ▁early ▁fe ud al ism . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁mention ▁of ▁St ank ov ce ▁dates ▁from ▁ 1 3 4 5 , ▁when ▁the ▁state ▁called ▁possess io ▁Stan uk . ▁Origin ally ▁it ▁was ▁one ▁village ▁that ▁time ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁separate ▁villages ▁- ▁Lar ge ▁and ▁Small ▁St ank ov ce . ▁In ▁ 1 4 1 0 ▁Small ▁St ank ov ce ▁known ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁Par va ▁St ank ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 4 3 9 ▁mentions ▁possess io ▁seu ▁villa ▁N og h st ank ou ecz ▁Ve ľ ké ▁St ank ov ce . ▁ ▁St ank ovie c ▁name ▁has ▁its ▁orig ins ▁in ▁personal ▁name ▁Stanis lav . ▁While ▁small ▁St ank ov ce ▁remained ▁family ▁owned ▁and ▁St ank ov ce ▁acc r ue ▁after ▁the ▁ext inction ▁of ▁families ▁Bar son yi , ▁Kol ocs any i , ▁R utt k ay , ▁DE CS , ▁Ott l ík , ▁and ▁Sz il v ay ▁Tr s ť |
ansk ý , ▁Great ▁St ank ov ce ▁were ▁permanent ▁property ▁of ▁T ren cin ▁castle ▁estate . ▁Land l ord ▁land ▁Ve ľ k ých ▁St ank ovie c ▁has ▁happened ▁since ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁lands ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁B ier ov cia ch ▁and ▁its ▁message ▁remains ▁until ▁the ▁dissol ution ▁of ▁fe ud al ism . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁written ▁mention ▁comes ▁from ▁divor ced ▁in ▁ 1 2 1 2 , ▁when ▁they ▁occur ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁terra ▁Ro z ow ag , ▁later ▁under ▁the ▁names ▁Ro z v acz , ▁R ax ow ag , ▁Ros was ▁and ▁others . ▁Origin ally , ▁the ▁own ers ▁of ▁the ▁Earl ▁of ▁Pe zin ok ▁villages , ▁namely ▁George ▁of ▁Pe zin ok ▁later ▁T ren č ians ka ▁Dem jan ▁ye oman ▁family , ▁family ▁P ř ib ice ▁and ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century . ▁The ▁area ▁fell ▁under ▁the ▁domin ion ▁T ren cin ▁Castle . ▁This ▁land ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁report ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁B ier ov cia ch ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 6 ▁created ▁a ▁separate ▁farm st ead ▁in ▁the ▁divor ce . ▁The ▁first ▁written ▁mention ▁of ▁Sed li č nej ▁dates ▁from ▁ 1 4 0 3 , ▁when ▁it ▁occurs ▁under ▁the ▁Naz ▁vom ▁Sed lis na , ▁then ▁the ▁Z edly s na , ▁possess io ▁Z edly ch ▁( |
1 4 9 6 ) ▁and ▁later ▁as ▁s add les , ▁Z ely ch na , ▁Sed ly z ny e ▁and ▁others . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁typical ▁ye oman ▁village , ▁with ▁a ▁number ▁AP PL IC ABLE ▁own ers . ▁During ▁the ▁fe ud al ▁families ▁are ▁given ▁Sed lick ý , ▁Kop č a š ko , ▁Bre me č ko , ▁G los z , ▁Dub nick ý , ▁Adam ov ský , ▁Sz il agy , ▁Valent ini , ▁cook ing ▁fat , ▁Ne ved zk ý , ▁Sz il v ay , ▁Tur zo ▁and ▁others . ▁By ▁raising ▁living ▁even ▁today ▁older ▁people ▁are ▁given ▁the ▁surname ▁Leipzig , ▁whose ▁own ers ▁come ▁from ▁a ▁family ▁of ▁T ren cin ▁mayor ▁- ▁Czech ▁ex iles ▁from ▁Germany ▁( the ▁current ▁Hav lick uv ▁Bro d ). ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁the ▁famous ▁cart ograph er ▁and ▁military ▁expert ▁John ▁Leipzig , ▁received ▁the ▁bulk ▁of ▁the ▁property ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁G eln ica ▁Sel den reich ▁ph arm ac ist ▁who ▁pom ad ar č il ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁on ▁my ▁surname ▁and ▁the ▁Z sol n ay ▁ 2 0 th ▁Hoff man ▁century . ▁It ▁is ▁quite ▁natural ▁question ▁when ▁you ▁ask , ▁which ▁employ ▁residents ▁of ▁villages ▁located ▁within ▁the ▁current ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ovie c . ▁The ▁main ▁source ▁of ▁subs istence ▁agricult ure ▁in ▁the ▁past , ▁reflect |
ing ▁the ▁common ▁se al . ▁To ▁se al ▁Ve ľ k ých ▁St ank ovie c , ▁dated ▁in ▁ 1 7 3 3 ▁is ▁a ▁she af ▁of ▁gra in . ▁Emp loy ed ▁is ▁the ▁bre eding ▁of ▁farm ▁animals . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁German ▁statistical ▁year book ▁T ren cin ▁County ▁from ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁states ▁that ▁at ▁this ▁time ▁is ▁kept ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁divor ce ▁ 3 5 0 ▁sheep , ▁ 4 5 ▁p igs , ▁ 2 0 ▁c ows , ▁ 3 4 ▁ox en ▁and ▁ 2 ▁horses . ▁Some ▁divor ced ▁people , ▁and ▁certainly ▁the ▁other ▁villages ▁are ▁employed ▁occasionally ▁fish ing , ▁what ▁are ▁frequently ▁reference ▁in ▁Ur bar , ▁primary ▁sources ▁and ▁inform ants ▁of ▁the ▁fe ud al ▁ser f ▁oblig ations ▁towards . ▁Until ▁recently , ▁the ▁II . ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁and ▁shortly ▁after , ▁loc als ▁h unted ▁fish ▁V ah ▁especially ▁at ▁night . ▁Fish ing ▁tradition ▁at ▁V ah ▁h ither to ▁maintained . ▁Our ▁man ▁he ▁has ▁long ▁realized ▁the ▁potential ▁uses ▁of ▁rivers ▁to ▁power ▁mill s ▁and ▁saw m ills . ▁Ur bar ▁T ren cin ▁Castle ▁estate ▁from ▁ 1 5 4 9 ▁recorded ▁in ▁Vel ké ▁St ank ov ce ▁mill , ▁which ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁Protest ant ▁parish ▁B ier ov cia ch . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 5 , ▁the ▁v yd r ž ia val o ▁T ren ci ans |
ke ▁estate ▁along ▁the ▁saw ▁mill ▁power ed ▁by ▁water ▁power . ▁In ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁B ier ov cia ch ▁fer ry , ▁which ▁transport ed ▁the ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁river ▁V ah . ▁This ▁transport ▁device ▁existed ▁in ▁O pat ov ce ▁and ▁certainly ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁similar ▁route ▁in ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁communes , ▁located ▁today ▁in ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ovie c . ▁The ▁transport ▁of ▁persons ▁and ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁V ah ▁and ▁boats . ▁Pro port ion ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁paid ▁craft s ▁and ▁tr ades . ▁In ▁ 1 6 8 3 , ▁for ▁example , ▁in ▁large ▁St ank ov ce ▁mention ▁two ▁but ch ers ▁and ▁a ▁we aver . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 7 , ▁the ▁state ▁in ▁two ▁ampl ifying ▁the ▁land l ord ▁in ▁small ▁St ank ov ce ▁a ▁mill er , ▁three ▁inn keeper , ▁a ▁black sm ith , ▁in ▁large ▁St ank ov ce ▁three ▁mill ers , ▁two ▁black sm ith s ▁and ▁two ▁land l ord ▁in ▁Sed li č nej ▁an ▁app rent ice ▁lock sm ith ▁in , ▁a ▁black sm ith ▁and ▁a ▁car p enter . ▁Within ▁the ▁business ▁area ▁ 2 nd ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁man or ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁dist illery ▁in ▁Vel ké ▁St ank ov ce ▁and ▁dist ribute ▁a ▁brick ▁in ▁Vel ké ▁St ank ov ce ▁in |
▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁was ▁in ▁Vel ké ▁St ank ov ce ▁expanded ▁trade ▁in ▁tim ber . ▁ ▁With ▁relation ▁to ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁village ▁is ▁an ▁interesting ▁development ▁of ▁religious ▁background s . ▁The ▁oldest ▁religious ▁and ▁cultural ▁center ▁of ▁this ▁region ▁were ▁B ier ov ce . ▁The ▁mention ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁parish ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁B ier ov cia ch ▁dates ▁from ▁ 1 3 3 2 – 1 3 3 6 , ▁when ▁do z ens ▁of ▁pop es ▁are ▁chosen . ▁This ▁data ▁book ▁contains ▁Monument a ▁V atic ana . ▁At ▁this ▁time , ▁was ▁the ▁parish ▁church ▁in ▁ter aj ší ch V e ľ k ých ▁B ier ovie c ▁and ▁during ▁the ▁Re formation ▁with ▁phil ia ▁passed ▁into ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁evangel ical s . ▁Later ▁it ▁was ▁demol ished ▁and ▁in ▁its ▁place ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁in ▁Vel ké ▁B ier ov cia ch ▁current ▁church . ▁After ▁re k atol iz á cii ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 0 ▁after ▁the ▁church ▁became ▁the ▁church ▁in ▁fil i ál nym ▁T ren č ians ke j ▁Tur nej . V ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁Re formation ▁had ▁been ▁placed ▁under ▁administration ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁Protest ant ▁parish ▁B ier ov cia ch ▁except ▁" mat k oc irk vi " ▁O pat ov ce , ▁Sed li č ná , ▁St ank ov ce ▁Small , ▁Lar ge ▁St ank |
ov ce , ▁distributed , ▁Bob rov ník , ▁No z dr kov ce ▁and ▁B ela . ▁The ▁first ▁Protest ant ▁pri ests ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁B ier ov cia ch ▁was ▁John ▁Sch ind ler , ▁who ▁came ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 5 ▁in ▁Mor avia , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁reform er ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁and ▁in ▁T ren cin ▁tour ▁and ▁Sel ci . ▁When ▁it ▁worked ▁here ▁in ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 5 8 2 ▁- ▁ 1 5 8 6 ▁Andrew ▁Sch ind ler ius ▁of ▁Li pt ov ▁later ▁Mich al ▁C aban , ▁P avel ▁Raj man ▁from ▁Pr ie vid za , ▁Nicholas ▁Nicola ides ▁of ▁K lob us ice , ▁Andre j ▁Urban ovi č , ▁Paul ine ▁Daniel , ▁Martin ▁Sin ap ius ▁grew , ▁George ▁Par s ici us ▁of ▁Z il ina , ▁which ▁was ▁later ▁re ctor ▁of ▁T ren cin ▁Luther an ▁High ▁School , ▁George ▁Ku š le bi ades ▁sum ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁and ▁finally ▁again ▁in ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 6 6 3 ▁- ▁ 1 6 7 0 ▁Andrew ▁Urban ovi č . ▁According ▁to ▁records ▁in ▁the ▁visit ation ▁logs ▁Luther an ▁Church ▁of ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 6 1 1 ▁and ▁ 1 6 2 5 ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁parish ▁ve ľ k ob ier ov ske j ▁mill ▁in ▁Vel ké ▁St ank ov ce ▁from ▁which ▁the ▁mill er ▁gave ▁the ▁past or ▁every ▁year ▁ 4 6 ▁š |
tv rt ní kov ▁r ye . ▁F ara ▁also ▁had ▁fields ▁and ▁me adows ▁in ▁Little ▁St ank ov ce , ▁large ▁B ier ov cia ch , ▁Bob rov ník ▁and ▁elsewhere . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁health ▁education ▁in ▁the ▁Luther an ▁priest ▁Small ▁St ank ov ce ▁Pod hr ad ský ▁Adam , ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁Mor avia ▁ha zel . ▁I ud ový ▁successfully ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁doctor ▁was ▁tre ating ▁small po x . ▁However , ▁he ▁had ▁an ▁in cur able ▁disease . ▁Grad ually ▁lose ▁their ▁sight , ▁finally ▁completely ▁lost ▁his ▁sight ▁and ▁his ▁earth ly ▁pil gr image ▁ended ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁with ▁its ▁load ▁in ▁Koch an ov cia ch ▁L . ▁Bach ar , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁buried . ▁Adam ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁literary ▁Pod hr ad ský ▁active . ▁He ▁wrote ▁po ems ▁j okes ▁and ▁mor als . ▁Some ▁of ▁them ▁came ▁after ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁the ▁press . ▁Te acher ▁at ▁the ▁Luther an ▁School ▁was ▁mal ost ank ov ske j ▁Kar ol ▁R iz ner , ▁ ľ ud ov ových ov ný ▁worker , ▁f ru iter er ▁and ▁father ▁of ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁National ▁Bibli ography ▁ Ľ . V . ▁R iz ner a . ▁Small ▁St ank ov ce ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁Sh ir ▁Paul ▁Č ende k ovi č a ▁( S en ica ▁ 1 |
3 0 1 ▁- ▁Small ▁St ank ov ce ▁ 2 6 / 1 2 / 1 8 5 5 ). ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁personal ▁friend ▁and ▁class mate ▁of ▁Louis ▁St ur . ▁By ▁St ank ovie c ▁U h ro vec ▁came ▁from . ▁At ▁school ▁he ▁mal ost ank ov ske j ▁and ▁small ▁St ank ov ce ▁buried ▁patri otic ▁teacher ▁Paul ▁Mik ul ik . ▁Origin ating ▁from ▁the ▁New ▁Kr to v iec ▁Top o ľ č any ▁orch ards , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁born ▁ 4 . 6 . 1 8 2 1 . ▁In ▁small ▁St ank ov ce ▁died ▁ 0 5 / 0 4 / 1 8 7 7 . ▁Pre viously , ▁he ▁served ▁in ▁Beck ov ▁and ▁Z em ians ka ▁Pod hr ad í . ▁To ▁particip ate ▁in ▁helping ▁Pod jav or in ská ▁Slov ak ▁u pr ising ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁between ▁mer u ô s my ch ▁and ▁their ▁conv iction ▁by ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁national ▁were ▁det ained ▁by ▁the ▁Hung arian ▁authorities ▁in ▁Budapest ▁and ▁M uk ache vo . ▁On ▁mal ost ank ov sk om ▁c emetery ▁is ▁buried ▁Luther an ▁priest ▁Stefan ▁K ri ž an ▁- ▁Ž ir ansk ý . ▁In ▁small ▁St ank ov ce ▁worked ▁for ▁over ▁ 3 0 ▁years . ▁His ▁literary ▁works ▁are ▁written ▁in ▁Slov ak ▁national ▁spirit . ▁The ▁most ▁famous ▁include ▁a ▁new ▁" Mil an ▁and ▁Mil ina ". ▁The ▁Turkish |
▁issue ▁is ▁back ▁in ▁work ▁" G er gel ová ▁fe ast ." ▁In ▁this ▁literary ▁work ▁written ▁about ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁invasion ▁in ▁ 1 6 6 3 ▁and ▁put ▁into ▁action ▁its ▁surr ound ings ▁T ren č ians ke ▁Mit ic . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁the ▁play ▁" O bs it nik " ▁and ▁literary - histor ical ▁consider ations . ▁In ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁- ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁he ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁Little ▁St ank ov ce ▁teacher - ed uc ators ▁I ud ovo , ▁poet ▁and ▁national ▁rev ival ist ▁Mich al ▁Bat ko ▁K iss , ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁St ur ▁U h ro vec . ▁So ▁far ▁there ▁are ▁living ▁relatives . ▁When ▁I ▁was ▁a ▁poet ▁of ▁a ▁larger ▁piece , ▁his ▁patri otic ▁po ems ▁lose ▁importance . ▁He ▁went ▁separate ▁poetry ▁collections ▁" F lower ▁Heart ▁Slov ak ▁feelings , ▁K iss ▁youth , ▁selection ▁of ▁po ems ▁by ▁Michael ▁K iss , ▁numerous ▁po ems ." ▁In ▁r uk up ise ▁remained ▁" C act us ▁flowers ▁and ▁Ro z pom ien ka ▁the ▁nice ▁days ▁in ▁B anska ▁St ia v nica ". ▁In ▁our ▁village ▁we ▁had ▁organ á rov . ▁John ▁comes ▁from ▁divor cing ▁Hard ▁( born ▁ 1 3 3 6 ), ▁repair ▁org ans ▁and ▁musical ▁instruments . ▁This ▁craft ▁is ▁taught ▁in ▁the ▁Cr - new . ▁The ▁provision ▁of ▁services ▁especially ▁in |
▁western ▁Slov ak ia . ▁Death ▁found ▁him . ▁on ▁ 2 9 . 7 . 1 8 9 3 ▁in ▁the ▁worse ▁on ▁left , ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁buried . ▁John ▁also ▁hard ▁to ▁apply ▁as ▁an ▁engineer - constructor . ▁T ogether ▁with ▁Mr . ▁V l ce k ▁lock sm ith s ▁built ▁the ▁b ikes , ▁called ▁ 2 nd ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁" r ých lo be ž k ami ". ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁he ▁graduated ▁from ▁cy cling ▁to ▁~ ▁fur t ina . ▁where ▁he ▁visited ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁national ▁newspaper ▁edit ors . ▁This ▁fact ▁suggests ▁that ▁the ▁Slov aks , ▁although ▁they ▁lived ▁in ▁difficult ▁and ▁hum ble ▁to ▁know ▁to ▁co pe ▁with ▁techn ological ▁progress ▁in ▁the ▁up coming ▁II . ▁XIX . sto - half ▁hence . ▁So ▁not ▁only ▁Paris ▁and ▁other ▁world ▁cities ▁had ▁their ▁own ▁engine ers , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁Slov aks . ▁The ▁car rier ▁and ▁dis sem in ator ▁of ▁Slov ak ▁culture ▁include ▁also ▁the ▁late ▁Mr . ▁Adam ▁H rus ov sky , ▁a ▁simple ▁man ▁- ▁concrete ▁worker ▁who ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁their ▁hard ▁work ▁found ▁its ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁culture , ▁literature , ▁eth n ography ▁and ▁regional ▁history . ▁Their ▁knowledge ▁often ▁ple as antly ▁surprised . ▁He ▁excel led ▁and ▁rare ▁human ▁qual ities ▁- ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁help ▁his ▁neighbor ▁and ▁his ▁neighbor ▁was ▁everyone ▁without ▁distinction . |
▁ ▁S urr ound ings ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ovie c ▁has ▁never ▁been ▁cut ▁off ▁from ▁the ▁spiritual ▁curr ents ▁of ▁his ▁time . ▁Ar ound ▁ 1 4 5 0 ▁he ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Krak ów ▁John ▁Z eman ▁Ob laz ov ský ▁of ▁Sed li č nej . ▁In hab itants ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁municipal ities ▁advers ely ▁affected ▁various ▁events ▁and ▁dis aster s . ▁In ▁ 1 6 6 3 , ▁came ▁on ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁troops . ▁Some ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁St ank ovie c ▁and ▁other ▁villages ▁have ▁come ▁into ▁ex ile ▁or ▁been ▁killed . ▁Dam age ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁live ▁invent ory ▁- ▁soldiers ▁seized ▁animals ▁for ▁their ▁needs . ▁During ▁the ▁last ▁u hor ského ▁H abs burg ▁u pr ising ▁of ▁Francis ▁II . ▁R ák ó cz i ▁and ▁his ▁defeat ▁at ▁mill s ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 7 0 8 ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁municipal ities ▁operated ▁or ▁experienced ▁in ▁battle ▁and ▁Kur uc ▁imperial ▁troops . ▁Vill ages ▁hit ▁by ▁numerous ▁flo ods . ▁Res idents ▁of ▁our ▁former ▁communities ▁are ▁continu ously ▁en rolled ▁through ▁their ▁participation ▁in ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁national ▁revolution ary ▁movements ▁in ▁the ▁period ▁ 1 8 4 8 - 4 9 . ▁Eng age ▁in ▁batt les ▁for ▁Slov ak ▁national ▁rights . ▁Ref used ▁to ▁co oper ate ▁with ▁T ren č ín ▁ko š ú to v ský mi ▁Guard ▁to ▁the ▁extent ▁that |
▁the ▁su zer ain ▁T ren cin ▁county ▁wanted ▁to ▁close ▁the ▁prison ▁ve ľ k ost ank ov ského ▁mayor . ▁To ▁overcome ▁the ▁resistance ▁of ▁local ▁populations ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 ▁invited ▁su zer ain ▁of ▁the ▁Hung arian ▁Guard ▁Ban ov ce ▁nad ▁B eb rav ou . ▁In ▁St ank ov sky ▁circles ▁of ▁the ▁supporting ▁case ▁for ▁Mr . ▁Slov ak . ▁Comp elled ▁Lud ov ít , ▁š t ú ro vec , ▁candidate ▁for ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁National ▁Party ▁in ▁the ▁U g rian ▁Diet ▁II . ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century - tion . ▁With ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁mayor , ▁J . ▁H ase k , ▁Mr . ▁alone . ▁L . ▁D ohn any i ▁and ▁the ▁Luther an ▁priest ▁Stefan ▁K ri ž an ▁arise ▁in ▁small ▁St ank ov ce ▁" M ut ual ▁ma id ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁economic ▁and ▁the ▁mut ual ▁interests ▁of ▁small ▁people ." ▁In ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁national ▁interests ▁before ▁ 3 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁a ▁time ▁of ▁increased ▁Magyar ization ▁numerous ▁former ▁residents ▁of ▁all ▁four ▁villages . ▁For ▁small ▁St ank ov ce ▁mentions ▁Cy ril ▁Bod ický , ▁Luther an ▁priest ▁with ▁his ▁family , ▁Emil ▁K ri ž an , ▁J anka ▁K ri ž an ová ▁genus . ▁Kub iš ová ▁Z án ka ▁K ri ž an ová , ▁Stephen ▁Ha š ko , ▁Mayor ▁John |
▁Hum era ▁st . ▁Š te fan ▁Ha š ko ▁m l ., ▁John ▁Urban ek , ▁Lad is lav ▁Bod ický , ▁George ▁Ha š ko , ▁John ▁Ha š ko , ▁Stephen ▁Sm ooth ▁Chr ast ina ▁Michael , ▁Andrew ▁Jason , ▁John ▁Por ub an , ▁the ▁Sky ▁Andrew , ▁Stephen ▁how ling , ▁John ▁Z á hum ensk ý , ▁Adam ▁tan ac ▁and ▁others . ▁In ▁case ▁of ▁divor ce ▁of ▁Andrew ▁and ▁Stephen ▁Tom ík ▁Kom or ov ský ▁in ▁Sed li č nej ▁V ach án ka ▁of ▁Stephen , ▁Andrew ▁K ass el ▁and ▁in ▁Vel ké ▁St ank ov ce ▁of ▁Stephen ▁H rus ov sky , ▁Paul ▁K ri ž an , ▁Stephen ▁Bla zek , ▁Michael ▁L odge , ▁John ▁Z á hum ensk ý , ▁John ▁how led ▁and ▁others . ▁St ank ov č ania ▁the ▁re bell ion ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁short age ▁of ▁ 7 1 st ▁T ren cin ▁inf antry ▁regiment ▁in ▁K rag uje v ac ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁against ▁the ▁meaning less ness ▁of ▁l . ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ov ce ▁never ▁happened ▁apart ▁from ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁Slov ak ▁national ▁conscious ness ▁and ▁national ▁culture . ▁Part icip ate ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁local ▁n atives ▁and ▁personal ities ▁who ▁worked ▁here ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁In ▁Sed li č nej ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁died ▁the ▁famous ▁cart ograph er ▁and ▁military |
▁expert ▁John ▁Slov ak ▁origin ▁Mik ov í ni ▁Leipzig ▁after ▁Samuel ' s ▁second ▁person ality ▁in ▁U hor sku ▁in ▁cart ography . ▁L ived ▁from ▁ 1 7 6 6 ▁to ▁ 1 8 2 6 . ▁In ▁our ▁village ▁is ▁over - far med . ▁Last ▁year ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁his ▁honor ▁and ▁the ▁ceremony ▁was ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁from ▁the ▁new ▁academic ▁tomb stone . ▁Str uh á ri ka ▁sculpt or ▁Milan . ▁. ▁John ▁Leipzig ▁is ▁the ▁Author ▁of ▁' l ' la ppa ▁reg ni ▁Hung aria e ▁"( Map ▁u hor ského ▁Kingdom ), ▁ 1 2 ▁Re pert ory ▁work sh ops ▁and ▁other ▁ge ographical ▁work . ▁His ▁map ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁u hor ského ▁knew ▁the ▁Emperor ▁Napoleon ▁L ., ▁English ▁ge ograph ers ▁and ▁highly ▁evaluated ▁by ▁the ▁present ▁Slov ak ▁and ▁Czech ▁ge ographic ▁exper ts . ▁T iny ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁estate ▁T ren č ians ke ▁own ▁museum ▁here ▁and ▁to ▁preserve ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁library . ▁In ▁his ▁honor ▁was ▁installed ▁last ▁year ▁at ▁the ▁castle ▁J ub ile e ▁Ex hib ition , ▁we ▁have ▁great ▁interest ▁to ▁extend ▁the ▁public ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁In ▁small ▁St ank ov ce ▁was ▁born ▁a ▁desc endant ▁of ▁John ▁Mi č á tek ▁T ren cin ▁teacher ▁( 1 8 3 7 - 1 9 0 5 ▁K ys á či ▁in ▁V oj vod ina ). ▁After ▁finishing ▁his ▁studies ▁at |
▁home ▁in ▁T ren cin , ▁church ▁and ▁Blue ▁went ▁to ▁protest ▁against ▁Magyar ization ▁on ▁the ▁lower ▁floor , ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁teacher . ▁There ▁had ▁been ▁p low ed ▁a ▁deep ▁fur row ▁as ▁a ▁Slov ak ▁national ▁rev ival ist , ▁amateur ▁the ater , ▁ ľ ud ov ových ov ný ▁worker , ▁teacher ▁and ▁journalist . ▁ ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ov ce ▁des erve ▁attention ▁in ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁a ▁peculiar ▁culture . ▁View ed ▁former ▁village ▁once ▁known ▁for ▁their ▁folk , ▁architect ural ▁monuments . ▁The ▁last ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁this ▁expression ▁are ▁the ▁remains ▁of ▁mill s , ▁gran aries ▁and ▁older ▁people ' s ▁b ells . ▁From ▁zv oni č iek ▁brick ▁bell ▁tower ▁stands ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁St ank ov ce , ▁d ating ▁from ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 8 5 9 ▁with ▁a ▁classical ▁bell ▁to pped ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁T ren cin ▁zv on ole j á rom ▁Paul ▁Rank ▁n esk or ok l ask ist ická ▁the ▁bell ▁from ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁and ▁a ▁stone ▁sculpt ure , ▁with ▁a ▁bell ▁in ▁the ▁bell ▁of ▁Sed li č nej ▁XVIII . ▁ro cio ▁hundred - and ▁bell ▁to wers ▁in ▁Little ▁St ank ov ce . ▁Its ▁beauty ▁excel led ▁St ank ov sky ▁folk ▁cost ume . ▁Music ▁and ▁song ▁wealth ▁that ▁has ▁largely ▁disappeared , ▁now ▁part ▁represents ▁T ren č |
ians ka ▁twelve . ▁Its ▁beauty ▁is ▁the ▁Evangel ical ▁Church ▁in ▁Little ▁St ank ov ce ▁of ▁ 1 7 8 4 ▁- ▁a ▁remarkable ▁vid ie cl : ▁architecture ▁and ▁t ect onic ▁sacred ▁monument , ▁res pon ▁p oved aj ▁l ungs ▁their ▁time ▁and ▁budget ▁and ▁its ▁v last ní kk ov ▁its ▁original ▁pat rons ▁( D ub nica , ▁U j hely ov cov , ▁Tom č á ni ov cov , ▁Leipzig , ▁and ▁other ▁Sz il v ay ov cov ). ▁It ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁dominant ▁community . ▁In ▁Sed li č nej ▁was ▁once ▁a ▁Jewish ▁syn agog ue ▁and ▁c emetery . ▁Dis app eared ▁after ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁Ve j ▁world - war . ▁Another ▁land mark ▁is ▁T ren č ians ke ▁St ank ovie c ▁fil i ál ny ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁/ ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁/ ▁as ▁evidence ▁of ▁modern ▁religious ▁architecture . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁merged ▁St ank ov ce ▁Small , ▁Lar ge ▁St ank ov ce , ▁Sed li č ná ▁and ▁exp ands ▁into ▁one ▁common ▁community . ▁ ▁Geography ▁The ▁municipality ▁lies ▁at ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁ 2 2 0 ▁metres ▁and ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 2 4 . 4 9 7 km ². ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁about ▁ 3 2 0 1 ▁people . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁http :// www . stat istics . sk / mos mis / |
eng / run . html ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁and ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁T ren č ín ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁W iv els ▁For lag ▁was ▁a ▁publishing ▁house ▁operated ▁by ▁Ole ▁W ivel ▁ ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 5 - 5 4 ▁in ▁C open hagen , ▁Den mark . ▁It ▁published ▁the ▁literary ▁magazine ▁Her et ica . ▁ ▁History ▁Ole ▁W ivel ▁established ▁W iv els ▁For lag ▁and ▁experienced ▁his ▁literary ▁break through ▁as ▁a ▁poet ▁with ▁his ▁own ▁I ▁F isk ens ▁T egn ▁which ▁was ▁published ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁W ow els ▁For lag ▁published ▁the ▁conserv ative ▁literary ▁and ▁cultural ▁magazine ▁Her et ica ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁publishing ▁house ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁authors ▁followed ▁W ivel ▁to ▁Gy ld end al ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁G ads ▁For lag ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pub lish ing ▁companies ▁of ▁Den mark ▁Category : Media ▁companies ▁based ▁in ▁C open hagen ▁Category : Dan ish ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁Gu ar ino ▁is ▁an ▁Italian ▁name ▁that ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁word ▁guard ia ▁or ▁guard iano ▁meaning ▁‘ to ▁guard ’ ▁or ▁‘ to ▁protect ’ . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁refers ▁to ▁several ▁notable ▁people : ▁ ▁Given ▁name ▁ ▁Gu arin ▁( c . ▁ 1 1 0 0 – 1 1 3 7 ), ▁Sic ulo |
- N orm an ▁( l ater ▁Italy ) ▁general ▁and ▁ch an cell or ▁ ▁Gu ar ino ▁da ▁Ver ona ▁( 1 3 7 0 – 1 4 6 0 ), ▁Renaissance ▁human ist ▁ ▁Gu ar ino ▁Gu ar ini ▁( 1 6 2 4 – 1 6 8 3 ), ▁Italian ▁artist ▁ ▁Gu ar ino ▁Mor etti , ▁a . k . a . ▁Will ie ▁Mor etti ▁( 1 8 9 4 – 1 9 5 1 ), ▁Italian - American ▁ma f ioso ▁ ▁S urname ▁▁ ▁Batt ista ▁Gu ar ino ▁( 1 4 3 4 – 1 5 1 3 ), ▁Renaissance ▁human ist ▁ ▁Cla udio ▁Gu ar ino ▁( 1 9 6 6 - 2 0 0 4 ), ▁Italian - born ▁multimedia ▁visual ▁art is ▁ ▁Francesco ▁Gu ar ino ▁( 1 6 1 1 – 1 6 5 1 ▁or ▁ 1 6 5 4 ), ▁Italian ▁painter ▁of ▁the ▁Bar o que ▁period ▁ ▁Giuseppe ▁Gu ar ino ▁( card inal ) ▁( 1 8 2 7 - 1 8 9 7 ), ▁Italian ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Arch bishop ▁of ▁Mess ina ▁and ▁cardinal ▁ ▁Giuseppe ▁Gu ar ino ▁( film ▁director ) ▁( 1 8 8 5 - 1 9 6 3 ), ▁Italian ▁film ▁director , ▁producer ▁and ▁screen writer ▁ ▁J avier ▁Gu ar ino ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 6 ), ▁Uruguay an ▁footballer ▁ ▁Nicola ▁Gu ar ino ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 |
4 ), ▁group ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Labor atory ▁for ▁App lied ▁Ont ology ▁and ▁co - cre ator ▁of ▁the ▁On to C lean ▁method ology ▁ ▁La et it ia ▁Gu ar ino , ▁Miss ▁Switzerland ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁Lawrence ▁Nicholas ▁" Lar ry " ▁Gu ar ino ▁( 1 9 2 2 – 2 0 1 4 ), ▁a ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁officer , ▁and ▁veter an ▁of ▁three ▁wars ▁ ▁Martin ▁Gu ar ino ▁( born ▁ 1 9 9 0 ), ▁Argent ine ▁professional ▁footballer ▁▁ ▁Philip ▁Gu ar ino ▁( 1 9 0 7 – 1 9 9 3 ), ▁former ▁priest ▁and ▁alleg ed ▁Fre em ason ▁associated ▁with ▁Lic io ▁G elli ▁and ▁George ▁H . ▁W . ▁Bush ▁ ▁Robin ▁Gu ar ino ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 0 ), ▁female ▁opera ▁and ▁film ▁director ▁ ▁Stephen ▁Gu ar ino ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 5 ), ▁American ▁actor ▁and ▁com ed ian ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Gu ar inus ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Category : Ital ian ▁mascul ine ▁given ▁names ▁Category : Ital ian - language ▁s urn ames ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁people ▁sharing ▁a ▁surname <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁L ouch ▁( 1 7 4 6 – 1 8 1 1 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁and ▁match ▁organ iser ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁He ▁was ▁especially ▁noted ▁for ▁his ▁field ing ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁early ▁stal wart |
▁of ▁Mary le bone ▁Cr icket ▁Club . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁Ch ath am ▁and ▁educated ▁at ▁West min ster ▁school . ▁He ▁played ▁regularly ▁for ▁Ch ath am ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁until ▁ 1 7 7 3 ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁known ▁to ▁have ▁played ▁again ▁until ▁ 1 7 8 3 . ▁In ▁all ▁he ▁made ▁ 1 3 4 ▁recorded ▁appearances ▁in ▁major ▁matches . ▁ ▁Only ▁the ▁Earl ▁of ▁Win ch il se a ▁( 1 2 8 ) ▁and ▁William ▁Bull en ▁( 1 1 9 ) ▁were ▁anywhere ▁near ▁his ▁total ▁when ▁he ▁retired . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 7 8 9 , ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁in ▁the ▁press ▁that ▁L ouch ▁had ▁been ▁killed ▁on ▁the ▁field ▁by ▁" a ▁ball ▁from ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁the ▁bat , ▁struck ▁with ▁such ▁force ▁that ▁it ▁lod ged ▁in ▁his ▁body ". ▁He ▁surv ived ▁the ▁injury ▁and ▁was ▁back ▁in ▁action ▁the ▁following ▁season . ▁▁ ▁When ▁L ouch ▁died , ▁the ▁Kent ish ▁Gazette ▁of ▁ 7 ▁May ▁ 1 8 1 1 ▁carried ▁this ▁notice : ▁" D ied ▁April ▁ 2 9 ▁at ▁R ams gate ▁after ▁a ▁short ▁ill ness , ▁George ▁L ouch ▁E sq , ▁deeply ▁reg rett ed ▁by ▁all ▁who ▁knew ▁him ". ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁F resh ▁Light ▁on ▁ 1 8 th ▁Century ▁Cr icket ▁by ▁G ▁B ▁Buck ley ▁( FL 1 8 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Da wn ▁of ▁Cr icket ▁by ▁H |
▁T ▁W agh orn ▁( W DC ) ▁ ▁Sc ores ▁& ▁Bi ograph ies , ▁Volume ▁ 1 ▁by ▁Arthur ▁Hay gar th ▁( SB nn n ) ▁ ▁The ▁Gl ory ▁Days ▁of ▁Cr icket ▁by ▁Ash ley ▁M ote ▁( G DC ) ▁ ▁John ▁Ny ren ' s ▁" The ▁Cr ick eters ▁of ▁my ▁Time " ▁by ▁Ash ley ▁M ote ▁ ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁of ▁ 1 7 0 1 ▁to ▁ 1 7 8 6 ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁of ▁ 1 7 8 7 ▁to ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁Category : K ent ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : M idd les ex ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : H amps hire ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : M ary le bone ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Sur rey ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : 1 7 4 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 1 1 ▁death s ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Ch ath am , ▁Kent ▁Category : White ▁Con du it ▁Club ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Left - Hand ed ▁v ▁Right - Hand ed ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Sur rey ▁and ▁Mary le bone ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : G ent le men ▁of ▁England ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Cr icket ▁pat rons ▁Category : West ▁Kent ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Old ▁West min sters ▁cr ick eters <0x0A> </s> ▁Sob |
ies ki , ▁Wisconsin ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁census - design ated ▁place ▁in ▁O con to ▁County ▁in ▁n ort he astern ▁Wisconsin , ▁United ▁States . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁within ▁the ▁Town ▁of ▁Little ▁Su am ico . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 5 9 . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Green ▁Bay ▁Metropolitan ▁Statist ical ▁Area . ▁The ▁Little ▁Su am ico ▁Town ▁Hall ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Sob ies ki , ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁Esc an aba ▁and ▁Lake ▁Super ior ▁Rail road . ▁ ▁Sob ies ki ▁is ▁located ▁along ▁County ▁Tr unk ▁Highway ▁S ▁and ▁Cross ▁Road . ▁Sand al wood ▁Road ▁and ▁Kra use ▁Road ▁also ▁enter ▁the ▁community . ▁The ▁Little ▁Su am ico ▁River ▁flows ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁St . ▁Maxim ilian ▁parish ▁c emetery . ▁County ▁S ▁intersect s ▁with ▁U . S . ▁Route ▁ 1 4 1 ▁about ▁a ▁half - mile ▁east ▁of ▁Sob ies ki . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁O con to ▁County , ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : Green ▁Bay ▁metropol itan ▁area <0x0A> </s> ▁National ▁Union ist ▁Party ▁( , ▁E E K ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁Greek ▁Centre - left ▁political ▁party ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁by ▁Pan agi ot is ▁Kan ello p oul os ▁and ▁other ▁Ven iz el ist |
▁polit icians . ▁The ▁party ▁had ▁dem ocr atic , ▁progress ive ▁and ▁liberal ▁ideas . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War , ▁the ▁party ▁elected ▁some ▁MP s ▁in ▁the ▁H ellen ic ▁Parliament . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁the ▁party ▁was ▁continued ▁by ▁National ▁Re const ruction ▁Front . ▁ ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁Category : 1 9 5 0 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁Greece ▁Category : L iber al ▁parties ▁in ▁Greece <0x0A> </s> ▁P iss ing ▁Mare ▁F alls ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁Gros ▁Mor ne ▁National ▁Park , ▁New found land , ▁Canada . ▁The ▁falls , ▁at ▁ 3 5 0 ▁metres ▁( 1 1 4 8 ft ) ▁high , ▁are ▁among ▁the ▁highest ▁in ▁eastern ▁North ▁America , ▁and ▁drop ▁from ▁the ▁plate au ▁above ▁( aka ▁Big ▁Level ▁Pl ate au ) ▁into ▁Western ▁Brook ▁P ond . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : W ater falls ▁of ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab r ador <0x0A> </s> ▁Hunter ▁( also ▁called ▁St oney ▁Creek ) ▁is ▁a ▁census - design ated ▁place ▁( CD P ) ▁and ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁located ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁Eliz abet ht on ▁in ▁Carter ▁County , ▁Tennessee , ▁United ▁States , ▁along ▁Tennessee ▁State ▁Route ▁ 9 1 ▁and ▁the ▁W ata uga ▁River . ▁Its ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 , 8 5 4 ▁as ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 |
▁census . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Johnson ▁City ▁Metropolitan ▁Statist ical ▁Area , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁component ▁of ▁the ▁Johnson ▁City – K ings port – B rist ol , ▁T N - VA ▁Com b ined ▁Statist ical ▁Area ▁– ▁commonly ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" Tri - C ities " ▁region . ▁Hunter ▁is ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Eliz abet ht on . ▁ ▁Geography ▁Hunter ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ ▁( 3 6 . 3 7 6 6 3 0 , ▁- 8 2 . 1 5 5 0 3 2 ). ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Census ▁Bureau , ▁the ▁CD P ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁of ▁which ▁ ▁of ▁it ▁is ▁land ▁and ▁ ▁of ▁it ▁( 0 . 3 9 %) ▁is ▁water . ▁ ▁The ▁W ata uga ▁River ▁forms ▁a ▁southern ▁boundary ▁for ▁the ▁Hunter ▁community , ▁while ▁the ▁Hol ston ▁Mountain ▁forms ▁a ▁northern ▁boundary . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 , 5 6 6 ▁people , ▁ 6 8 9 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 4 9 1 ▁families ▁res iding ▁in ▁the ▁CD P . ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 2 5 4 . 9 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 9 8 . 5 / km ²). ▁There ▁were ▁ 7 2 9 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 1 1 8 . 6 / sq mi ▁( 4 5 . 8 / |
km ²). ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁CD P ▁was ▁ 9 9 . 1 7 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 1 3 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 0 . 0 6 % ▁Native ▁American , ▁ 0 . 1 3 % ▁Asian , ▁ 0 . 0 6 % ▁from ▁other ▁races , ▁and ▁ 0 . 4 5 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 1 . 1 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 6 8 9 ▁households ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 2 7 . 7 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 5 7 . 9 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 1 0 . 7 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and ▁ 2 8 . 7 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 2 5 . 5 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 1 0 . 9 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 2 7 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 7 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁CD P , ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 1 9 . 3 % ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 8 . 0 % ▁from ▁ |
1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 8 . 7 % ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 2 7 . 3 % ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 1 6 . 7 % ▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 4 1 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females , ▁there ▁were ▁ 9 0 . 0 ▁males . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 8 8 . 5 ▁males . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁household ▁in ▁the ▁CD P ▁was ▁$ 3 0 , 9 6 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁family ▁was ▁$ 3 7 , 9 8 1 . ▁M ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁versus ▁$ 2 0 , 6 6 8 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁CD P ▁was ▁$ 1 5 , 5 9 0 . ▁About ▁ 5 . 6 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 8 . 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁pover ty ▁line , ▁including ▁ 9 . 7 % ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 8 . 5 % ▁of ▁those ▁age ▁ 6 5 ▁or ▁over . ▁ ▁Education ▁School s ▁in ▁Hunter / St oney ▁Creek ▁are ▁operated ▁by ▁Carter ▁County ▁School s : |
▁ ▁Hunter ▁Element ary ▁– ▁Gr ades ▁PK – 8 ▁Un aka ▁Element ary ▁– ▁Gr ades ▁PK – 8 ▁Un aka ▁High ▁Gr ades ▁- ▁Gr ades ▁ 9 – 1 2 ▁ ▁The ▁Eliz abet ht on ▁campus ▁of ▁N ortheast ▁State ▁Community ▁College ▁is ▁located ▁near ▁Hunter . ▁ ▁Connection ▁with ▁U . S . ▁Inter state ▁Highway ▁System ▁ ▁Inter state ▁ 2 6 ▁ ▁Exit ▁ 2 4 ▁at ▁Johnson ▁City ▁then ▁east ▁on ▁▁ ▁Tennessee ▁State ▁Route ▁ 6 7 ▁to ▁Eliz abet ht on , ▁then ▁left ▁on ▁ ▁Tennessee ▁State ▁Route ▁ 6 7 / US ▁ 1 9 E ▁then ▁right ▁on ▁ ▁Tennessee ▁State ▁Route ▁ 9 1 ▁St oney ▁Creek ▁Exit ▁to ▁Hunter . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Tennessee ▁Technology ▁Center , ▁Eliz abet ht on ▁Tennessee ▁Home ▁Page ▁ ▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁Carter ▁County , ▁Tennessee ▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁Tennessee ▁Category : John son ▁City ▁metropol itan ▁area , ▁Tennessee <0x0A> </s> ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁ ▁Nicola e ▁C ern ă u ţ e anu ▁was ▁a ▁B ess arab ian ▁politician . ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Mold ovan ▁Parliament ▁( 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 1 8 ). ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁G he org he ▁E . ▁Co j oc aru , ▁S f at ul ▁ Ț ă rii : ▁it iner ar , ▁C iv itas , |
▁Chi ş in ă u , ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁▁ ▁Mih ai ▁Ta ş c ă , ▁S f at ul ▁ Ț ă rii ▁ ş i ▁act uale le ▁autor ită ţ i ▁locale , ▁" T imp ul ▁de ▁dim inea ţ ă ", ▁no . ▁ 1 1 4 ▁( 8 4 9 ), ▁June ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( page ▁ 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Ar h iva ▁pentru ▁S f at ul ▁T ari i ▁▁ ▁Deput a ţ ii ▁S f at ului ▁ Ţ ă rii ▁ ş i ▁Lav r enti ▁Ber ia ▁ ▁Category : M old ovan ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 1 8 ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁Reg ia ▁Na ţ ional ă ▁a ▁P ă d ur ilor ▁R oms il va ▁of ▁simply ▁R oms il va ▁is ▁a ▁Roman ian ▁state - owned ▁enter prise ▁responsible ▁for ▁dealing ▁with ▁the ▁protection , ▁pres ervation ▁and ▁development ▁of ▁public ly ▁owned ▁for ests ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁state , ▁and ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁hunting ▁and ▁fish ing ▁grounds . ▁R oms il va ▁own s ▁and ▁man ages ▁ ▁of ▁for ests ▁which ▁represents ▁ 6 5 % ▁of ▁all ▁for ests ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁The ▁company ▁has ▁its ▁headquarters ▁in ▁Buch ar est . ▁ ▁Activity ▁R oms il |
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