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▁him ▁a ▁castle ." ▁Tam many ▁won ▁by ▁ 4 ▁lengths . ▁His ▁" castle ", ▁originally ▁an ▁elegant ▁bar n , ▁now ▁a ▁private ▁home , ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁a ▁hill ▁about ▁a ▁mile ▁east ▁of ▁Hamilton , ▁M T . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Tam many ' s ▁pedig ree ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 9 ▁race hor se ▁birth s ▁Category : R ace h ors es ▁b red ▁in ▁Tennessee ▁Category : R ace h ors es ▁trained ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : American ▁Thor ough bre d ▁Hor se ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Category : Th or ough bre d ▁family ▁ 1 2 - b <0x0A> </s> ▁Mon a ▁Al ▁Mun aj jed ▁is ▁a ▁Sa udi ▁soci ologist ▁and ▁expert ▁on ▁the ▁social ▁role ▁of ▁women ▁in ▁Arab ▁countries . ▁She ▁has ▁worked ▁with ▁several ▁United ▁Nations ▁ag encies ▁on ▁projects ▁related ▁to ▁child ▁labour , ▁gender ▁and ▁development ▁in ▁Arab ▁countries . ▁ ▁Life ▁Mon a ▁Al ▁Mun aj jed ▁gained ▁a ▁MA ▁in ▁soci ology ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁University ▁and ▁a ▁Ph D ▁in ▁soci ology ▁from ▁George ▁Washington ▁University . ▁as ▁first ▁social ▁affairs ▁officer ▁at ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Social ▁Commission ▁for ▁Western ▁Asia . ▁Her ▁project ▁" Activ ating ▁the ▁Ro le ▁of ▁Women ' s ▁W elf are ▁Associ ations ▁in ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia ", ▁fund ed ▁by ▁Abd ul ▁Lat if ▁J ame el ▁Company ▁Ltd , ▁pione ered ▁the ▁fund ing ▁of ▁UN ▁projects ▁in |
▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia ▁by ▁the ▁private ▁sector . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁she ▁received ▁the ▁UN ▁ 2 1 ▁award ▁for ▁the ▁project . ▁▁ ▁Since ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁she ▁has ▁been ▁named ▁in ▁CE O ▁Middle ▁East ▁' s ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Most ▁Power ful ▁Arab ▁Women . ▁She ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁# 7 ▁in ▁their ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Most ▁Power ful ▁Arab ▁Women ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁M ā dh ā ▁t us amm ī na ▁ibn ata ki ▁: ▁ak th ar ▁min ▁sitt ▁mi ʼ at ▁is m ▁min ▁aj mal ▁al - asm ā ʼ ▁al - ʻ A rab ī y ah ▁ma ʻ a ▁bay ā n ▁ma ʻ ā n ī h ā ▁wa - man ▁t as am mat ▁min ▁al - m ash h ū r ā t ▁bi - h ā , ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁ ▁Child ▁labour ▁in ▁the ▁Arab ▁countries , ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁ ▁Women ▁in ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia ▁Today , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁ ▁Sa udi ▁Women ▁Spe ak : ▁ 2 4 ▁remarkable ▁women ▁tell ▁their ▁success ▁stories , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : New ▁York ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : W omen ' s ▁studies ▁academ ics ▁Category : |
2 1 st - century ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : W omen ▁soci olog ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ian ▁writers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ian ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : Col umb ian ▁College ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch ere pan ovo ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁village ) ▁in ▁Sem iz ery e ▁R ural ▁S ett lement , ▁K ad uy sky ▁District , ▁V olog da ▁O blast , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 5 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁The ▁distance ▁to ▁K ad uy ▁is ▁ 4 4 km , ▁to ▁Maz a ▁is ▁ 1 km . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁V olog da ▁O blast ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁K ad uy sky ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Walter ▁G ore ▁( 8 ▁October ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁– ▁ 1 6 ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁bal let ▁dan cer , ▁company ▁director ▁and ▁ch ore ograph er . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Walter ▁G ore ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁W aters ide , ▁East ▁A yr shire ▁Scotland ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁into ▁a ▁the atr ical ▁family . ▁▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁he ▁studied ▁acting ▁at ▁the ▁Italia ▁Cont i ▁Academy , ▁and ▁dance ▁with ▁Lé on ide |
▁Mass ine ▁and ▁with ▁Marie ▁Ram bert . ▁ ▁Career ▁G ore ▁was ▁a ▁dan cer ▁with ▁Bal let ▁Ram bert ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁He ▁returned ▁as ▁a ▁ch ore ograph er ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁with ▁his ▁first ▁bal let ▁Final ▁W alt z . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁whilst ▁on ▁leave ▁from ▁Army ▁duty ▁in ▁France , ▁G ore ▁created ▁a ▁bal let ▁based ▁on ▁Benjamin ▁Brit ten ' s ▁Simple ▁Sym phony ▁also ▁entitled ▁Simple ▁Sym phony ▁for ▁the ▁Bal let ▁Ram bert . ▁The ▁work ▁was ▁largely ▁created ▁on ▁S ally ▁Gil m our ▁and ▁Margaret ▁Scott . ▁ ▁He ▁remained ▁at ▁Bal let ▁Ram bert ▁until ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁and ▁then ▁worked ▁occasionally ▁with ▁the ▁Bal lets ▁des ▁Cham ps - E ly s ées ▁and ▁the ▁Sad ler ' s ▁Well s ▁Bal let . ▁He ▁founded ▁his ▁own ▁company , ▁The ▁Walter ▁G ore ▁Bal let , ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁ ▁He ▁led ▁the ▁Frankfurt ▁Bal let ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁then ▁became ▁the ▁founder ▁and ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁London ▁Bal let ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁At ▁that ▁time ▁he ▁also ▁became ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁recently ▁founded ▁Gul ben k ian ▁Bal let , ▁Lis bon . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁founder ▁and ▁art istic ▁director |
▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Theatre ▁Bal let , ▁Melbourne . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁to ▁his ▁credit ▁more ▁than ▁ 8 0 ▁ch ore ograph ies . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁He ▁met ▁his ▁future ▁wife ▁Pa ula ▁H inton ▁while ▁both ▁were ▁d anc ers ▁in ▁Bal let ▁Ram bert . ▁ ▁G ore ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁in ▁Pam pl ona , ▁Spain . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁death s ▁Category : B rit ish ▁male ▁bal let ▁d anc ers ▁Category : B rit ish ▁ch ore ograph ers ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁Italia ▁Cont i ▁Academy ▁of ▁Theatre ▁Arts ▁Category : R am bert ▁Dance ▁Company ▁d anc ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁German ▁F IM ▁Speed way ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁was ▁the ▁e ighth ▁race ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Speed way ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁season . ▁It ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁at ▁the ▁Ber gr ing ▁Arena ▁in ▁T eter ow , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 th ▁Speed way ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁st aged . ▁ ▁R iders ▁ ▁The ▁Speed way ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁Commission ▁nominated ▁Martin ▁Sm olin ski ▁as ▁the ▁wild ▁card , ▁and ▁Tob ias ▁K ron er ▁and ▁K ai ▁H uck en beck ▁both ▁as ▁Track ▁Res erves . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁Chris ▁Harris ' ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁Grand |
▁Prix ▁of ▁his ▁career . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁The ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁Jason ▁Do yle , ▁who ▁beat ▁Bart osz ▁Z mar z lik , ▁Greg ▁Han cock ▁and ▁N iels - K rist ian ▁I vers en ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁Do yle ▁closed ▁the ▁lead ▁on ▁Han cock ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁championship ▁stand ings ▁to ▁five ▁points , ▁with ▁def ending ▁world ▁champion ▁Tai ▁W off inden , ▁who ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁semi - final s , ▁sitting ▁eight ▁points ▁further ▁back ▁in ▁third . ▁ ▁He at ▁details ▁ ▁The ▁intermediate ▁classification ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁motor cycle ▁speed way ▁ ▁Germany ▁Speed way ▁Grand ▁Prix <0x0A> </s> ▁Car men ▁G ain a ▁is ▁the ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Centre ▁for ▁Earth ▁E volution ▁and ▁Dynam ics ▁( CE ED ) ▁a ▁Norwegian ▁Centre ▁of ▁Ex cell ence ▁hosted ▁at ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Ge osci ences , ▁University ▁of ▁Os lo , ▁Norway . ▁ ▁Car men ▁is ▁a ▁ge oph ys ic ist ▁whose ▁research ▁includes ▁de ci ph ering ▁Earth ' s ▁cr ust al ▁and ▁mant le ▁structure ▁and ▁evolution . ▁Her ▁expert ise ▁lies ▁in ▁combining ▁ge ological ▁and ▁ge oph ys ical ▁data ▁of ▁the ▁o ce ans ▁and ▁contin ental ▁marg ins . ▁Her ▁research ▁also ▁investig ates ▁the ▁interaction ▁of ▁the ▁solid ▁Earth , ▁o ce ans ▁and ▁atmosphere ▁for ▁the ▁ge ological ▁past ▁by ▁mod elling ▁pale o - b ath ym etry |
, ▁sea - level ▁and ▁global ▁ge och em ical ▁bud gets ▁resulting ▁from ▁plate ▁t ect on ics . ▁ ▁She ▁led ▁projects ▁involving ▁comp il ations ▁of ▁large ▁ge oph ys ical ▁datasets ▁including ▁the ▁Circ um - Ar ctic ▁M apping ▁Project ▁part ▁( CA MP - GM ) ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁World ▁Digital ▁Mag net ic ▁An om aly ▁Map ▁release ▁( WD MA M ). ▁Pre viously ▁Car men ▁was ▁the ▁team ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Centre ▁for ▁Ge od ynam ics , ▁Norwegian ▁Ge ological ▁Survey ▁in ▁Tr ond heim , ▁Norway . ▁ ▁The ▁Centre ▁for ▁Earth ▁E volution ▁and ▁Dynam ics ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁research ▁of ▁fundamental ▁importance ▁to ▁the ▁understanding ▁of ▁our ▁planet , ▁that ▁em bra ces ▁the ▁dynamics ▁of ▁the ▁pl ates , ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁large - scale ▁vol can ism , ▁the ▁evolution ▁of ▁clim ates ▁and ▁the ▁ab rupt ▁dem ise ▁of ▁life ▁forms . ▁The ▁centre ▁plays ▁a ▁leading ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁studies ▁of ▁Mant le ▁dynamics ▁using ▁ 3 - D ▁computer ▁simulations , ▁ge ological ▁and ▁ge oph ys ical ▁observations . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Elect ed ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁Academy ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Let ters ▁ ▁Selected ▁publications ▁ ▁G ain a , ▁C ., ▁Bl isch ke , ▁A ., ▁Ge iss ler , ▁W . H ., ▁Kim bell , ▁G . S . ▁and ▁O . ▁Er l end sson , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Se amount s ▁and ▁ocean |
ic ▁ igne ous ▁features ▁in ▁the ▁NE ▁Atlantic : ▁a ▁link ▁between ▁plate ▁mot ions ▁and ▁mant le ▁dynamics , ▁in ▁The ▁NE ▁Atlantic ▁Region : ▁A ▁Re app rais al ▁of ▁Cr ust al ▁Str ucture , ▁T ect on ost rat ig raph y ▁and ▁Mag m atic ▁E volution , ▁ed s . ▁Per on - P in vid ic , ▁G , ▁Ho pper , ▁J . ▁R ., ▁Sto ker , ▁M ., ▁G ain a , ▁C ., ▁Do or ne bal , ▁H ., ▁Fun ck , ▁T ., ▁and ▁U . ▁Ar ting , ▁Ge ol . ▁Soc ., ▁London , ▁Special ▁Publications , ▁ 4 4 7 . ▁http :// do i . org / 1 0 . 1 1 4 4 / SP 4 4 7 . 6 ▁She ph ard , ▁G ., ▁R . ▁Tr ø n nes , ▁W . ▁Sp ak man , ▁I . ▁Pan et , ▁and ▁C . ▁G ain a , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Ev idence ▁for ▁a ▁distinct ▁sl ab ▁under ▁Green land ▁and ▁links ▁to ▁North ▁Atlantic ▁and ▁Ar ctic ▁mag mat ism , ▁Ge oph ys ical ▁Research ▁Let ters , ▁ 4 3 , ▁doi : 1 0 . 1 0 0 2 / 2 0 1 6 GL 0 6 8 4 2 4 ▁ ▁G ain a , ▁C ., ▁Nik ish in , ▁A . M ., ▁and , ▁E . I . ▁Pet |
rov , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Ul tras low ▁spread ing , ▁r idge ▁re location ▁and ▁compression al ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁East ▁Ar ctic ▁region ▁– ▁A ▁link ▁to ▁the ▁E ure kan ▁or ogen y ?, ▁Ar kt os , ▁doi : 1 0 . 1 0 0 7 / s 4 1 0 6 3 - 0 1 5 - 0 0 0 6 - 8 . ▁ ▁G ain a , ▁C , ▁D . ▁van ▁H ins ber gen , ▁and ▁W , ▁Sp ak man , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Re const ruction ▁of ▁the ▁Arab ia - Ind ia ▁plate ▁boundary ▁since ▁the ▁Jur ass ic ▁from ▁marine ▁ge oph ys ical , ▁ge ological ▁and ▁se ism ic ▁tom ographic ▁constraints , ▁T ect on ics , ▁doi : 0 . 1 0 0 2 / 2 0 1 4 TC 0 0 3 7 8 0 . ▁G ain a , ▁C ., ▁S . ▁Med ved ev , ▁T . ▁H . ▁T ors vik , ▁I . ▁K ou la kov , ▁and ▁S . ▁C . ▁Werner , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 4 D ▁Ar ctic : ▁A ▁G limp se ▁into ▁the ▁structure ▁and ▁evolution ▁of ▁the ▁Ar ctic ▁in ▁the ▁light ▁of ▁new ▁ge oph ys ical ▁maps , ▁plate ▁t ect on ics ▁and ▁tom ographic ▁models , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Sur ve ys ▁in ▁Ge oph ys |
ics , ▁doi : 1 0 . 1 0 0 7 / s 1 0 7 1 2 - 0 1 3 - 9 2 5 4 y . ▁▁▁▁ ▁Us es ▁a ▁moving ▁hot spot ▁frame ▁after ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Ma . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Author ▁list ▁from ▁Element s : ▁An ▁International ▁Magazine ▁of ▁Min eral ogy , ▁Ge och em istry , ▁and ▁Pet ro log y ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : R oman ian ▁ge oph ys ic ists ▁Category : W omen ▁ge oph ys ic ists ▁Category : R oman ian ▁women ▁ge olog ists ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Buch ar est ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Sydney ▁al umn i ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁Academy ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Let ters ▁Category : R oman ian ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁Norway ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Ali ▁P uli , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁A lip ili , ▁is ▁the ▁attributed ▁author ▁of ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁ 1 7 th - century ▁al chem ical ▁and ▁herm etic ▁texts . ▁However , ▁his ▁historical ▁existence ▁is ▁doubt ful , ▁and ▁A . E . ▁Wa ite ▁went ▁as ▁far ▁as ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁work ▁attributed ▁to ▁him ▁as ▁" f org ery ▁pure ▁and ▁simple ▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁age ▁and ▁author ship ▁[ which ] ▁may ▁be ▁left ▁to ▁stand ▁at ▁its ▁value ▁in ▁the ▁matter |
▁of ▁content ." ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁Ma ure tan ian ▁Christian ▁of ▁A si atic ▁extra ction ▁- ▁also ▁various ly ▁as ▁an ▁Arab ▁( because ▁he ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁written ▁in ▁Arab ic ), ▁and ▁a ▁Mo or . ▁ ▁Most ▁probably , ▁Ali ▁P uli ▁is ▁the ▁pseud onym ▁of ▁Johann ▁Otto ▁von ▁Hel wig ▁( 1 6 5 4 - 1 6 9 8 ), ▁a ▁German ▁phys ician , ▁al chem ist ▁and ▁author . ▁ ▁In flu ence ▁The ▁most ▁influ ential ▁work ▁attributed ▁to ▁him ▁is ▁Cent rum ▁Natur ae ▁Con cent rat um . ▁This ▁work ▁was ▁pur port ed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁written ▁originally ▁in ▁Arab ic , ▁though ▁no ▁Arab ic ▁version ▁is ▁ext ant . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁German ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 2 ▁by ▁Johann ▁Otto ▁von ▁Hel wig . ▁In ▁ 1 6 9 4 ▁a ▁Dutch ▁translation ▁was ▁published . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁translated ▁into ▁English ▁by ▁Edmund ▁Br ice ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 6 . ▁It ▁is ▁most ▁noted ▁for ▁the ▁following ▁passage : ▁ ▁This ▁passage ▁is ▁c ited ▁by ▁Wa ite ▁as ▁evidence ▁of ▁a ▁spiritual ▁myst ical ▁tradition ▁within ▁al ch emy , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁widely ▁quoted , ▁not ably ▁by ▁the ▁the osoph ist ▁Madame ▁B lav at sky ▁( who ▁mis attributes ▁him ▁as ▁Ab ip ili ). ▁ ▁The ▁passage ▁has ▁been ▁identified ▁as ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁the ▁W ic can ▁Char ge ▁of |
▁the ▁God dess ▁produced ▁by ▁Ger ald ▁Gard ner ▁and ▁later ▁re vised ▁by ▁D ore en ▁Val iente . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁oldest ▁of ▁the ▁sources ▁so ▁identified . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁al chem ists ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁occ ult ists ▁Category : H erm etic ism ▁Category : The osoph y ▁Category : P se ude p ig raph y <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Boys ' ▁Dou bles ▁tournament ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁B WF ▁World ▁Junior ▁Championships ▁is ▁a ▁bad m inton ▁world ▁junior ▁individual ▁champion ships ▁for ▁the ▁E ye ▁Level ▁Cu ps , ▁held ▁on ▁November ▁ 8 – 1 3 . ▁The ▁def ending ▁champion ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁edition ▁is ▁He ▁J iting ▁/ ▁Zh eng ▁Si wei ▁from ▁China . ▁Han ▁Ch eng ka i ▁and ▁Z hou ▁Ha od ong ▁of ▁China ▁won ▁the ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁this ▁event . ▁ ▁Se eded ▁ ▁Draw ▁ ▁Final s ▁ ▁Top ▁Half ▁ ▁Section ▁ 1 ▁ ▁Section ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Section ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Section ▁ 4 ▁ ▁Bot om ▁Half ▁ ▁Section ▁ 5 ▁ ▁Section ▁ 6 ▁ ▁Section ▁ 7 ▁ ▁Section ▁ 8 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁P ages ▁Main ▁Draw ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁B WF ▁World ▁Junior ▁Championships <0x0A> </s> ▁Ny oria ▁Hus ain pur ▁alias ▁Ne oria ▁Hus ain pur ▁( , ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁and |
▁a ▁nag ar ▁pan ch ay at ▁in ▁Pil ib hit ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁U tt ar ▁Pr adesh . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Census ▁of ▁India , ▁Ny oria ▁Hus ain pur ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 4 0 , 7 8 2 . ▁M ales ▁const itute ▁ 5 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁and ▁females ▁ 4 8 %. ▁Ny oria ▁Hus ain pur ▁has ▁an ▁average ▁liter acy ▁rate ▁of ▁ 2 9 %, ▁lower ▁than ▁the ▁national ▁average ▁of ▁ 5 9 . 5 % : ▁male ▁liter acy ▁is ▁ 3 7 %, ▁and ▁female ▁liter acy ▁is ▁ 2 0 %. ▁ ▁In ▁Ny oria ▁Hus ain pur , ▁ 1 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁is ▁under ▁ 6 ▁years ▁of ▁age . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁Muslim ▁domin ated ( 8 8 . 3 0 %, c ensus ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁town , spe cially ▁Muslim ▁Ban j ara ▁community ▁lives ▁here . ▁The ▁main ▁source ▁of ▁income ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁is ▁agricult ure . ▁ ▁This ▁town ▁was ▁famous ▁for ▁the ▁quality ▁of ▁ear then ▁pot ▁and ▁rice . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁ 1 5 km ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁district ▁center ▁Pil ib hit . ▁ ▁Ne oria ▁H uss ain pur ▁has ▁improved ▁a ▁lot ▁for ▁their ▁clear ▁environment . ▁ ▁Ny oria ▁hus ain pur ▁roads ▁and ▁main ▁entry ▁gate ▁is ▁very ▁famous ▁in ▁whole ▁district ▁pil |
ib hit . ▁The ▁Ny oria ▁hus ain pur ▁Fam ous ▁G ali ▁is ▁Me ena ▁B az aar ▁spe cially ▁for ▁festival ▁season . ▁ ▁Emp loyment ▁There ▁is ▁very ▁less ▁opportun ities ▁of ▁employ ment , ▁mostly ▁people ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁agricult ure ▁in ▁Ne oria . ▁Now ad ays ▁People ▁travel ing ▁to ▁met ro ▁polit an ▁c ites ▁mostly ▁Del hi - ▁N CR ▁for ▁employ ment . ▁Ne oria ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁villages ▁G au ha , ▁B ith ra ▁etc ▁Village ▁and ▁the ▁economy ▁mainly ▁depends ▁on ▁agricult ure . ▁The ▁agricult ural ▁production ▁depends ▁on ▁the ▁weather , ▁N ahr ▁water ▁system ▁, ▁and ▁ra ins ▁on ▁proper ▁time . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : C ities ▁and ▁towns ▁in ▁Pil ib hit ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁C oh es in ▁sub unit ▁SA - 1 ▁( SA 1 ) ▁is ▁a ▁protein ▁that ▁in ▁humans ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁S TAG 1 ▁gene . ▁SA 2 ▁is ▁a ▁sub unit ▁of ▁the ▁C oh es in ▁complex ▁which ▁medi ates ▁sister ▁chrom at id ▁coh es ion , ▁hom olog ous ▁recom bin ation ▁and ▁DNA ▁looping . ▁In ▁som atic ▁cells ▁coh es in ▁is ▁formed ▁of ▁S MC 3 , ▁S MC 1 , ▁R AD 2 1 ▁and ▁either ▁SA 1 ▁or ▁SA 2 ▁whereas ▁in ▁me ios is , ▁coh es in ▁is ▁formed ▁of ▁S MC 3 , ▁S MC 1 B , ▁RE C 8 ▁and ▁SA 3 . ▁ |
▁Str ucture ▁and ▁Inter actions ▁▁ ▁SA 1 ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁human ▁hom olog ues ▁of ▁the ▁ye ast ▁protein ▁S cc 3 ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁core ▁sub unit ▁of ▁the ▁coh es in ▁complex ▁( the ▁three ▁human ▁par alog ues ▁are ▁SA 1 , ▁SA 2 ▁and ▁SA 3 ). ▁SA 1 ▁and ▁SA 2 ▁are ▁expressed ▁in ▁som atic ▁cells ▁whereas ▁SA 3 ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁SA ▁par alog ue ▁in ▁me i otic ▁cells . ▁SA 1 ▁st ably ▁bind s ▁to ▁coh es in ▁via ▁the ▁R AD 2 1 ▁sub unit ▁and ▁functions ▁as ▁a ▁platform ▁for ▁other ▁regul atory ▁sub un its . ▁SA 1 ▁has ▁roles ▁in ▁reg ulating ▁both ▁coh es in ▁loading ▁and ▁release . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links <0x0A> </s> ▁G om ph ot aria ▁p ug na x ▁was ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁very ▁large ▁shell fish - e ating ▁dus ign ath ine ▁wal rus ▁found ▁along ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁California , ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁Mi oc ene . ▁ ▁It ▁had ▁four ▁t us ks , ▁with ▁one ▁pair ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁and ▁upper ▁j aws , ▁and ▁according ▁to ▁wear ▁on ▁the ▁t us ks , ▁G . ▁p ug na x ▁ham mer ed ▁shell fish ▁open , ▁rather ▁than ▁simply ▁su ck ing ▁them ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁shell s ▁as ▁do ▁modern ▁wal r uses . ▁In ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁post c ran ial ▁ske leton , ▁G om ph ot aria |
▁and ▁other ▁dus ign ath ine ▁wal r uses ▁were ▁built ▁more ▁like ▁sea ▁l ions ▁than ▁modern ▁wal rus . ▁G om ph ot aria ▁is ▁a ▁prime ▁example ▁of ▁the ▁extreme ▁divers ity ▁that ▁wal r uses ▁once ▁exhib ited . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M i oc ene ▁p inn ip eds ▁Category : Pre histor ic ▁m amm al ▁gener a ▁Category : Pre histor ic ▁p inn ip eds ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁Category : O dob en ids <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁R ice ▁( 1 7 2 4 ▁– ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 1 7 7 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Wel sh ▁politician ▁and ▁court ier . ▁ ▁Life ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁son ▁of ▁Edward ▁R ice ▁of ▁Newton ▁House , ▁L lande ilo , ▁Car mar th ens hire , ▁M . P . ▁for ▁the ▁county ▁in ▁ 1 7 2 2 , ▁by ▁Lucy , ▁daughter ▁of ▁John ▁Mor ley ▁Tre vor ▁of ▁G ly nde , ▁Sus sex . ▁He ▁mat ric ulated ▁at ▁Christ ▁Church , ▁Oxford ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁January ▁ 1 7 4 2 , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 7 , ▁but ▁took ▁no ▁degree . ▁He ▁succeeded ▁his ▁grand father ▁Griff ith ▁R ice , ▁MP ▁in ▁ 1 7 2 8 , ▁his ▁father ▁having ▁previously ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 7 2 7 , ▁inher iting ▁Newton ▁House ▁and ▁the ▁Dy ne f wr ▁Est ate ▁near ▁L lande ilo , ▁Car mar th |
ens hire . ▁ ▁R ice ▁devoted ▁himself ▁to ▁politics ▁and ▁local ▁affairs . ▁A ▁Wh ig , ▁he ▁associated ▁himself ▁with ▁the ▁group ▁led ▁by ▁Griff ith ▁Philipp s ▁of ▁C w m g w ili . ▁At ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁of ▁ 1 7 5 4 ▁he ▁was ▁returned ▁for ▁Car mar th ens hire ▁after ▁a ▁warm ▁contest ▁with ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁Step ney , ▁ 7 th ▁Baron et , ▁and ▁retained ▁his ▁seat , ▁over ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁twenty - five ▁years , ▁until ▁his ▁death , ▁being ▁re - elect ed ▁four ▁times ▁without ▁opposition . ▁He ▁was ▁made ▁Vice - Ad mir al ▁of ▁Car mar then ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 7 5 5 , ▁Lord ▁Lieutenant ▁of ▁Car mar th ens hire ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 7 5 5 ▁( re app oint ed ▁ 2 3 ▁June ▁ 1 7 6 1 ), ▁and , ▁when ▁the ▁Car mar th ens hire ▁milit ia ▁was ▁emb od ied ▁( 7 ▁December ▁ 1 7 5 9 ), ▁he ▁was ▁nominated ▁colon el ▁of ▁the ▁regiment . ▁ ▁R ice ▁became ▁Chamber lain ▁of ▁Bre con ▁and ▁of ▁Bre con shire , ▁G lam organ , ▁and ▁Rad nor shire ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 5 , ▁and ▁was ▁sw orn ▁in ▁as ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Car mar then ▁on ▁ 5 ▁June ▁ 1 7 6 7 . ▁By ▁his ▁marriage , ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁August ▁ 1 7 5 6 , ▁with ▁Cec il |
▁( 1 7 3 3 – 1 7 9 3 ), ▁daughter ▁of ▁William ▁Tal bot , ▁ 2 nd ▁Baron ▁Tal bot ▁of ▁H ens ol , ▁Lord ▁Ste ward , ▁he ▁increased ▁his ▁political ▁influence , ▁and ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁March ▁ 1 7 6 1 ▁he ▁accepted ▁office ▁under ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁New castle ▁as ▁a ▁lord ▁commission er ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁trade ▁and ▁foreign ▁plant ations , ▁with ▁a ▁sal ary ▁of ▁£ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁a ▁year . ▁This ▁post ▁he ▁held ▁in ▁success ive ▁minist ries ▁until ▁April ▁ 1 7 7 0 , ▁when ▁Lord ▁North ▁selected ▁him ▁for ▁the ▁court ▁appointment ▁of ▁Tre as urer ▁of ▁the ▁Chamber , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁sw orn ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁on ▁ 4 ▁May ▁following . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 7 0 0 s , ▁George ▁R ice ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Cec il ▁began ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁landscape ▁garden ▁at ▁Newton ▁House , ▁h iring ▁em inent ▁architect ▁Cap ability ▁Brown ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 5 ▁to ▁assume ▁responsibility ▁for ▁the ▁development . ▁He ▁also ▁added ▁tur rets ▁and ▁batt lement s ▁between ▁ 1 7 6 0 ▁and ▁ 1 7 8 0 ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁property ▁a ▁more ▁rom antic ▁appearance . ▁ ▁R ice ▁died ▁in ▁office , ▁on ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 1 7 7 9 , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 5 5 , ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁son ▁George |
▁R ice , ▁ 3 rd ▁Baron ▁Dy ne vor . ▁ ▁Family ▁R ice ' s ▁wid ow ▁Cec il ▁became ▁a ▁peer ess ▁in ▁her ▁own ▁right ▁as ▁Baron ess ▁Dy ne vor ▁on ▁her ▁father ' s ▁death ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁April ▁ 1 7 8 2 , ▁and ▁died ▁ 1 4 ▁March ▁ 1 7 9 3 , ▁leaving ▁two ▁daughters ▁and ▁two ▁sons : ▁George ▁R ice , ▁ 3 rd ▁Baron ▁Dy ne vor ▁( 1 7 6 5 – 1 8 5 2 ); ▁and ▁Edward ▁R ice ▁( d ied ▁ 1 8 6 7 ), ▁Dean ▁of ▁Gl ouc ester , ▁whose ▁son ▁was ▁Francis ▁William ▁R ice , ▁ 5 th ▁Baron ▁Dy ne vor . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Att ribution ▁▁ 1 gb ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 2 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 7 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Car mar th ens hire ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Christ ▁Church , ▁Oxford ▁George ▁Category : May ors ▁of ▁places ▁in ▁Wales ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain ▁for ▁Wel sh ▁constitu encies ▁Category : B rit ish ▁MP s ▁ 1 7 5 4 – 1 7 6 1 ▁Category : B rit ish ▁MP s ▁ 1 7 6 1 – 1 7 6 8 ▁Category : B rit ish ▁MP s ▁ 1 7 6 8 – 1 7 7 4 ▁Category : B rit ish |
▁MP s ▁ 1 7 7 4 – 1 7 8 0 ▁Category : L ord - L ie uten ants ▁of ▁Car mar th ens hire ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁former ▁artists ▁who ▁have ▁recorded ▁for ▁Def ▁Jam ▁Record ings . ▁List ed ▁in ▁parentheses ▁are ▁names ▁of ▁Def ▁Jam ▁affili ated ▁labels , ▁under ▁which ▁the ▁artist ▁recorded . ▁ ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁ ▁A ▁ ▁Am il ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Ash anti ▁( The ▁Inc ./ Def ▁Jam ) <0x09> ▁ ▁Az tek ▁Esc obar ▁( R oc ▁La ▁Famil ia / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Andre ▁Bow en ▁( Def ▁Jam / Col umb ia ) ▁ ▁B ▁ ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys ▁▁ ▁Be anie ▁Sig el ▁( R oc - A - F ella / State ▁Property / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Big ▁Audio ▁Dynam ite ▁ ▁Big ▁Bo i ▁ ▁Big ▁K . R . I . T . ▁( C in ematic / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁B . G . ▁Kn occ ▁Out ▁& ▁Dr esta ▁( Out bur st / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁B less ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁( Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Bobby ▁Valent ino ▁( Dist urb ing ▁Th a ▁Peace / Def ▁Jam ) ▁▁ ▁B one ▁ ▁Bo $$ ▁ ▁Black ▁Child ▁( J M J / The ▁Inc ./ Def ▁Jam ) ▁ |
▁Joe ▁Bud den ▁ ▁C ▁ ▁Cal vin ▁Jer emy ▁( Def ▁Jam ▁Jak arta ) ▁ ▁Cam ' ron ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Cap leton ▁ ▁Cap one ▁ ▁Cap one - N - N ore aga ▁ ▁Maria h ▁Care y ▁( Is land ▁Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Case ▁( S po iled ▁Rotten / Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Char li ▁Baltimore ▁( The ▁Inc ./ Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Ch ing y ▁( Dist urb ing ▁th a ▁Peace / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁C K Y ▁( Is land ▁Records / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Cy Hi ▁the ▁P ry ince ▁( GO OD ▁Music / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Comp ▁ ▁C orm ega ▁ ▁D ▁ ▁Da ▁ 5 ▁Foot az ▁( G - F unk ▁Music / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Dav y ▁DM X ▁ ▁De e ▁The ▁Mad ▁B itch ▁& ▁DJ ▁King ▁Ass ass in ▁ ▁Def ▁Squad ▁ ▁The ▁Diplom ats ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁DJ ▁Cl ue ? ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Des ert ▁Storm / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁DM X ▁( R uff ▁R yd ers ▁Ent ./ Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Dom ino ▁( Out bur st / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁The ▁Don ▁ ▁Dow nt own ▁Science ▁ ▁The ▁D ove ▁Sh ack ▁( G - F unk ▁Music / |
Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Dru ▁Hill ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Dra ke ▁( Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁E ▁ ▁Ed ▁Har lem ▁ ▁EP MD ▁ ▁Er ick ▁S erm on ▁ ▁F ▁ ▁Core y ▁Fran ks ▁( Def ▁Soul ) ▁ ▁Fam - L ay ▁( Star ▁Tra k / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Fl at lin er z ▁ ▁Fox y ▁Brown ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Frank ▁Ocean ▁ ▁Fre ew ay ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁F unk master ▁F lex ▁ ▁F lesh - N - B one ▁( Mo ▁Th ug / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁F Y A ▁ ▁G ▁ ▁Graf h ▁( R oc - A - F ella / D ame ▁D ash ▁Music ▁Group / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Ghost face ▁K illa h ▁( St arks ▁Enter pr ises / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁G WH ▁( The ▁Inc ./ Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁H ▁ ▁Head less ▁H ors emen ▁ ▁H ector ▁B amb ino ▁" El ▁Father " ▁( R oc ▁La ▁Famil ia / G old ▁Star ▁Music / M ach ete ▁Music / VI ▁Music ) ▁ ▁H oll is ▁C rew ▁ ▁H oney z ▁( Mer cur y / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁H ose ▁ ▁I ▁ ▁The ▁Is ley ▁Brothers ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁J ▁ ▁Ja |
▁Rule ▁( The ▁Inc ./ Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁J A Y ▁Z ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Jay o ▁Fel ony ▁ ▁J az zy ▁Jay ▁ ▁Jon ell ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁O ran ▁" J u ice " ▁Jones ▁( OB R / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Mont ell ▁Jordan ▁( P MP / Def ▁Jam ; ▁Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁L ▁ ▁Lady ▁S over eign ▁( Def ▁Jam / Is land ▁Records ) ▁ ▁P atti ▁La B elle ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Lil ▁Dur k ▁ ▁Lil ▁Ru ▁ ▁LL ▁C ool ▁J ▁ ▁Lov Her ▁( Drag on / Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Log ic ▁( Def ▁Jam / UM G ▁record ings ) ▁ ▁M ▁ ▁M . O . P . ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Te air ra ▁Mari ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁MC ▁Ser ch ▁ ▁M emph is ▁Ble ek ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Get ▁Low / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Method ▁Man ▁ ▁Method ▁Man ▁& ▁Red man ▁ ▁Christ ina ▁Mil ian ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Mo K en Ste f ▁( Out bur st / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Keith ▁Murray ▁ ▁Mus i q ▁( Def ▁Soul ) ▁ |
▁N ▁ ▁N . O . R . E . ▁( Th ug ged ▁Out / R oc ▁La ▁Famil ia / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁N - D ub z ▁ ▁Ne - Y o ▁( Comp ound / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Ne ef ▁Buck ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Nik ki ▁D ▁ ▁N im ic ▁Re venue ▁( Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁O ▁ ▁O ny x ▁( Ch a os / J M J / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Original ▁Con cept ▁ ▁P ▁ ▁Pe edi ▁Pe edi ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Play a ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Kelly ▁Price ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁P ete ▁Nice ▁& ▁D addy ▁Rich ▁ ▁Public ▁En emy ▁ ▁Pay R oll ▁Giovanni ▁( Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁R ▁ ▁Red man ▁ ▁R ell ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ; ▁D ame ▁D ash ▁Music ▁Group / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Rich ie ▁Rich ▁ ▁Rick ▁Ross ▁( S lip - N - S lide / Def ▁Jam ; ▁May bach / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Meg an ▁Ro ch ell ▁ ▁Ron ▁Is ley ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Ash er ▁Roth ▁( Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁R ih anna ▁( Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁S ▁ ▁Sau kr ates ▁ ▁Sh awn |
na ▁( Dist urb ing ▁th a ▁Peace / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Ser ius ▁Jones ▁( Dist urb ing ▁th a ▁Peace / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁State ▁Property ▁( R oc - A - F ella / State ▁Property / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Sh y ne ▁( G ang land / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁S is q ó ▁( Drag on / Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁S izz la ▁( D ame ▁D ash ▁Music ▁Group / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁S layer ▁ ▁S lick ▁Rick ▁▁ ▁South ▁Central ▁Cart el ▁ ▁St atic ▁Major ▁( Black ground / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Steph ▁Jones ▁( Dist urb ing ▁Th a ▁Peace / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Jimmy ▁Sp ic er ▁ ▁Warren ▁St ace y ▁ ▁SM * SH ▁( An c ora ▁Music / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁T ▁ ▁T ▁La ▁Rock ▁ ▁Tr in idad ▁James ▁ ▁Ter iy aki ▁Bo yz ▁( B AP E / Def ▁Jam , ▁USA / J apan ) ▁ ▁Tru ▁Life ▁( R oc ▁La ▁Famil ia / R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁U ▁ ▁Uncle ▁Mur da ▁( Man hood / GM G / R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Ut ada ▁H ik aru ▁ ▁W ▁ ▁Ter ri ▁Walker ▁( Def ▁Soul / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Warren ▁G ▁( V i ol ator / Def ▁Jam ) |
▁ ▁W C ▁ ▁A ly son ▁Williams ▁ ▁N icole ▁W ray ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam , ▁D ame ▁D ash ▁Music ▁Group / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁W AX ▁ ▁X ▁ ▁Y ▁ ▁Young ▁Chris ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Young ▁Gun z ▁( R oc - A - F ella / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁Young ▁Je e zy ▁( Cor por ate ▁Th ug z ▁Entertainment / Def ▁Jam ) ▁ ▁# ▁▁ 3 rd ▁Bass ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁current ▁Def ▁Jam ▁Record ings ▁artists ▁ ▁Def ▁Jam ▁Record ings , ▁former <0x0A> </s> ▁Roland ▁Jay ▁Thomas ▁( J une ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁– ▁April ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁R . ▁J . ▁Thomas , ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁East ▁Palest ine , ▁Ohio . ▁He ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁eastern ▁Ohio ▁and ▁attended ▁the ▁▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Wo oster ▁for ▁two ▁years . ▁The ▁need ▁to ▁help ▁support ▁his ▁family ▁caused ▁him ▁to ▁leave ▁college ▁and ▁go ▁to ▁work . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁Detroit , ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁autom obile ▁plants . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁active ▁in ▁efforts ▁to ▁organ ize ▁the ▁autom obile ▁industry ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁Ch rys ler ▁Local ▁ 7 ▁when ▁it ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁United ▁Auto ▁Work ers |
▁( U AW ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁Ch rys ler ▁sit - down ▁strike ▁and ▁that ▁same ▁year ▁was ▁elected ▁a ▁vice ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁U AW . ▁He ▁assumed ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁after ▁the ▁president , ▁H omer ▁Martin , ▁was ▁ou sted . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁president ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁During ▁this ▁period , ▁the ▁U AW ▁developed ▁into ▁a ▁dynamic , ▁stable ▁union . ▁He ▁lost ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁to ▁Walter ▁Re uther ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁but ▁was ▁elected ▁first ▁vice ▁president . ▁However , ▁he ▁lost ▁that ▁office ▁in ▁the ▁election ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁assistant ▁to ▁Congress ▁of ▁Indust rial ▁Organ izations ▁( C IO ) ▁president ▁Philip ▁Murray . ▁With ▁the ▁mer ger ▁of ▁the ▁A FL ▁and ▁C IO ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁he ▁served ▁under ▁George ▁Me any ▁until ▁his ▁ret irement ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁due ▁to ▁ill ▁health . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁M ild red ▁W etter gren ▁on ▁August ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁and ▁they ▁had ▁one ▁child , ▁Frank . ▁R . ▁J . ▁Thomas ▁died ▁in ▁Mus k eg on , ▁Michigan , ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Walter ▁P . ▁Re uther ▁Library ▁of |
▁Labor ▁and ▁Urban ▁Affairs ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁East ▁Palest ine , ▁Ohio ▁Category : L ead ers ▁of ▁American ▁trade ▁un ions ▁Category : Un ited ▁Autom obile ▁Work ers ▁people ▁Category : Activ ists ▁from ▁Ohio <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁is ▁an ▁international ▁association ▁football ▁competition ▁organ ised ▁by ▁the ▁F édération ▁Intern ationale ▁de ▁Football ▁Association ▁( FI FA ). ▁The ▁championship ▁was ▁first ▁cont ested ▁as ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁It ▁was ▁not ▁held ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁factors , ▁most ▁important ly ▁the ▁collapse ▁of ▁FIFA ' s ▁market ing ▁partner ▁International ▁Sport ▁and ▁Le is ure . ▁Following ▁a ▁change ▁in ▁format ▁which ▁saw ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Championship ▁abs orb ▁the ▁Inter cont inental ▁Cup , ▁it ▁was ▁rela unch ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁took ▁its ▁current ▁name ▁the ▁season ▁afterwards . ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁format ▁of ▁the ▁tournament ▁involves ▁seven ▁teams ▁compet ing ▁for ▁the ▁title ▁at ▁ven ues ▁within ▁the ▁host ▁nation ▁over ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁about ▁two ▁weeks ; ▁the ▁w inners ▁of ▁that ▁year ' s ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Asian ▁A FC ▁Champions ▁League , ▁African ▁C AF ▁Champions ▁League , ▁North ▁American ▁CON C AC AF ▁Champions ▁League , ▁South ▁American ▁Copa ▁Libert adores , |
▁Ocean ian ▁OF C ▁Champions ▁League ▁and ▁European ▁UEFA ▁Champions ▁League , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁host ▁nation ' s ▁national ▁champion , ▁particip ate ▁in ▁a ▁straight ▁knock - out ▁tournament . ▁ ▁This ▁page ▁details ▁the ▁records ▁and ▁statistics ▁of ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup , ▁a ▁collection , ▁organization , ▁analysis , ▁interpretation , ▁and ▁presentation ▁of ▁data ▁per tain ing ▁to ▁the ▁tournament . ▁As ▁a ▁general ▁rule , ▁statistics ▁should ▁ide ally ▁be ▁added ▁after ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁a ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁edition . ▁ ▁General ▁performances ▁ ▁By ▁club ▁ ▁By ▁nation ▁ ▁By ▁conf eder ation ▁ ▁Final ▁statistics ▁▁ ▁Final ▁success ▁rate ▁Two ▁clubs ▁have ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁more ▁than ▁once , ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁success ▁rate : ▁ ▁Cor inth ians ▁( 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Real ▁Madrid ▁( 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Six ▁clubs ▁have ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁once , ▁being ▁vict orious ▁on ▁that ▁occasion : ▁ ▁São ▁Paulo ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Internacional ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Milan ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Manchester ▁United ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Intern azionale ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Bayern ▁Mun ich ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁One ▁club |
▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁twice , ▁won ▁once ▁and ▁lost ▁once : ▁ ▁Liverpool ▁( lost ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁won ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 9 ) ▁▁ ▁Final ▁failure ▁rate ▁On ▁the ▁opposite ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁scale , ▁four teen ▁clubs ▁have ▁played ▁one ▁final ▁and ▁lost : ▁ ▁Vas co ▁da ▁G ama ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁B oca ▁Juni ors ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁L DU ▁Qu ito ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Est udi antes ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁▁ ▁Maz em be ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Santos ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Ch else a ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁R aja ▁Cas ab lan ca ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁San ▁Lorenzo ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁River ▁Pl ate ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁K ash ima ▁Ant lers ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Gr êm io ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Al - A in ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Fl am engo ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁▁ ▁All - time ▁club ▁final ▁appearances ▁Two ▁clubs ▁have ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁Final ▁four ▁times : ▁ ▁Barcelona ▁( 2 0 0 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Real ▁Madrid ▁( 2 |
0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁▁ ▁All - time ▁player ▁final ▁appearances ▁T oni ▁K ro os ▁has ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁Final ▁five ▁times ▁and ▁won ▁all ▁of ▁them ; ▁he ▁appeared ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Bayern ▁Mun ich , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Real ▁Madrid . ▁▁ ▁All - time ▁manager ▁final ▁appearance ▁record ▁Rafael ▁Ben í te z ▁and ▁P ep ▁Guard i ola ▁have ▁the ▁record ▁number ▁of ▁particip ations ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁final . ▁Ben í te z ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁and ▁Guard i ola ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁Number ▁of ▁particip ating ▁clubs ▁of ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁▁ ▁Most ▁appearances ▁by ▁a ▁club ▁A uck land ▁City ▁have ▁the ▁record ▁number ▁of ▁particip ations ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup , ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁nine ▁tournament s : ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ |
2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁▁ ▁Most ▁consecutive ▁appearances ▁by ▁a ▁club ▁A uck land ▁City ▁have ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁seven ▁seasons ▁in ▁a ▁row : ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁▁ ▁Most ▁appearances ▁by ▁a ▁player ▁Daniel ▁Kop riv c ic , ▁Ivan ▁Vic el ich ▁and ▁Emil iano ▁T ade ▁have ▁the ▁record ▁number ▁of ▁particip ations ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup , ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁six ▁tournament s : ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁Kop riv c ic , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁Vic el ich , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 |
1 5 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁T ade . ▁Emil iano ▁T ade ▁has ▁the ▁record ▁number ▁of ▁consecutive ▁particip ations ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup , ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁▁▁ ▁Most ▁appearances ▁by ▁a ▁manager ▁Ram on ▁Trib ul iet x ▁has ▁the ▁record ▁number ▁of ▁years ▁as ▁manager ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup , ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁▁ ▁Most ▁games ▁played ▁by ▁a ▁club ▁A uck land ▁City ▁have ▁the ▁record ▁number ▁of ▁matches ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup , ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁ 1 4 ▁matches . ▁▁ ▁Most ▁games ▁played ▁by ▁a ▁player ▁W ael ▁G oma a , ▁H oss am ▁Ash our ▁and ▁Moh amed ▁About ri ka ▁have ▁the ▁record ▁number ▁of ▁matches ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup , ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁ 1 1 ▁matches . ▁ ▁All - time ▁top ▁ 1 0 ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup ▁table ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 0 ▁clubs ▁with ▁the ▁most |
▁points ▁gained ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup . ▁The ▁clubs ▁are ▁primarily ▁ranked ▁by ▁their ▁points ▁gained , ▁on ▁a ▁basis ▁of ▁three ▁points ▁for ▁a ▁win , ▁one ▁for ▁a ▁draw ▁and ▁no ▁points ▁for ▁a ▁loss . ▁ ▁After ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁tournament . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Statistics <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁Japanese ▁football ▁player . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁career ▁O y ama ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁K ag awa ▁Pref ect ure ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁high ▁school , ▁he ▁joined ▁Yam aha ▁Mot ors ▁( l ater ▁J ú b ilo ▁I w ata ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁He ▁played ▁several ▁matches ▁as ▁forward ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁However ▁he ▁got ▁hurt ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁and ▁he ▁could ▁not ▁play ▁at ▁all ▁in ▁the ▁match ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁He ▁retired ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁season . ▁ ▁Club ▁statistics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁J . Le ague ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁people ▁from ▁K ag awa ▁Pref ect ure ▁Category : J apan ese ▁football ers ▁Category : J 1 ▁League ▁players ▁Category : J apan ▁Football ▁League ▁( 1 9 9 2 – 1 9 9 8 ) ▁players ▁Category : |
J ú b ilo ▁I w ata ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁Nation ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁is ▁a ▁feder ally ▁recognized ▁tribe ▁of ▁C ay uga ▁people , ▁based ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁United ▁States . ▁Other ▁organized ▁tribes ▁with ▁C ay uga ▁members ▁are ▁the ▁feder ally ▁recognized ▁Sen eca - C ay uga ▁Tri be ▁of ▁Oklahoma ▁and ▁the ▁Canadian - recogn ized ▁Six ▁Nations ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁First ▁Nation ▁in ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁C ay uga ▁( G ay og oh ó : no ') ▁means ▁" Pe ople ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁Sw amp ." ▁ ▁They ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁I ro qu o ian ▁language ▁family , ▁and ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁Five ▁Nations ▁of ▁the ▁League ▁of ▁the ▁I ro qu ois , ▁who ▁tradition ally ▁lived ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁Five ▁Nations ▁were ▁the ▁Moh awk , ▁One ida , ▁On ond aga , ▁Sen eca ▁and ▁C ay uga . ▁When ▁the ▁T us car ora ▁joined ▁the ▁I ro qu ois ▁Confeder ation ▁in ▁ 1 7 2 2 , ▁the ▁conf eder acy ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Six ▁Nations . ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁times , ▁the ▁C ay uga ▁lived ▁primarily ▁between ▁O was co ▁and ▁C ay uga ▁la kes , ▁which ▁lay ▁between ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁On ond aga ▁and ▁Sen eca . ▁Jes uits ▁founded ▁miss ions ▁among ▁the ▁C ay uga |
▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 7 th ▁century . ▁In ▁ 1 6 6 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁approximately ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁C ay uga . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁the ▁C ay uga ▁primarily ▁lived ▁in ▁three ▁villages , ▁composed ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁ 3 0 ▁long h ouses . ▁About ▁ 5 0 0 ▁people ▁lived ▁in ▁each ▁of ▁these ▁villages . ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁became ▁trad ing ▁partner ▁with ▁the ▁French ▁from ▁Canada ▁and ▁were ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁be aver ▁fur ▁trade . ▁They ▁also ▁trad ed ▁with ▁the ▁Hur on ▁for ▁bir ch ▁b ark ▁goods . ▁ ▁All ▁the ▁main ▁I ro qu ois ▁nations ▁except ▁the ▁One ida ▁had ▁al lied ▁with ▁the ▁British ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Revolution . ▁They ▁were ▁defeated ▁in ▁the ▁war . ▁The ▁British ▁gave ▁up ▁both ▁their ▁and ▁Indian ▁claims ▁to ▁lands ▁in ▁treat y ▁negoti ations , ▁and ▁the ▁I ro qu ois ▁were ▁forced ▁to ▁c ede ▁their ▁lands ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Most ▁re located ▁to ▁Canada ▁after ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Can anda igua ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 4 , ▁although ▁some ▁bands ▁were ▁allowed ▁small ▁res erv ations ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁New ▁York ▁made ▁separate ▁purch ases ▁and ▁le ases ▁of ▁land ▁from ▁the ▁Indians , ▁which ▁were ▁not ▁rat ified ▁by ▁the ▁US ▁Congress . ▁ ▁Government ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁Nation ▁is ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Sen eca ▁F |
alls , ▁New ▁York . ▁They ▁are ▁govern ed ▁by ▁a ▁council ▁of ▁chief s , ▁chosen ▁by ▁cl an m oth ers . ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁Nation ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ha uden osa une e ▁conf eder acy . ▁ ▁Location ▁Under ▁the ▁ 1 7 9 4 ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Can anda igua , ▁ 6 4 , 0 0 0 ▁acres ▁at ▁the ▁north ▁end ▁of ▁C ay uga ▁Lake ▁were ▁reserved . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁the ▁C ay uga ▁Nation ▁began ▁to ▁purchase ▁land ▁within ▁its ▁claimed ▁territory ▁at ▁the ▁north ▁end ▁of ▁C ay uga ▁Lake . ▁ ▁Trib al ▁en roll ment ▁Children ▁of ▁trib al ▁members ▁can ▁be ▁en rolled ▁at ▁birth . ▁As ▁the ▁tribe ▁has ▁a ▁mat ril ine al ▁kin ship ▁system , ▁children ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁born ▁into ▁the ▁mother ' s ▁cl an . ▁Des cent ▁and ▁inheritance ▁are ▁passed ▁through ▁the ▁mat ernal ▁lines . ▁The ▁tribe ▁requires ▁members ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁mother ▁who ▁is ▁C ay uga . ▁ ▁Econom ic ▁development ▁The ▁nation ▁controls ▁several ▁business es , ▁including ▁L akes ide ▁Tr ading ▁convenience ▁stores ; ▁P ull ens ▁Tow ing ▁and ▁Rec overy ▁service ; ▁Har ford ▁Glen ▁Water , ▁a ▁pure ▁water ▁bott ler ; ▁G ak wi yo ▁Garden , ▁which ▁grows ▁ 3 5 ▁types ▁of ▁f ruits ▁and ▁veget ables ▁and ▁provides ▁food ▁for ▁over ▁one ▁hundred ▁member ▁households ; ▁C ay uga ▁Cor ner |
, ▁which ▁s ells ▁fresh ▁produce ▁and ▁flowers ; ▁and ▁C ay uga ▁Sug ar ▁Sh ack , ▁an ▁ice ▁cre am ▁stand ▁and ▁mini ature ▁golf ▁course ▁in ▁Sen eca ▁F alls . ▁They ▁own ▁L akes ide ▁Entertainment , ▁which ▁includes ▁two ▁Class ▁II ▁G aming ▁facilities ; ▁however , ▁both ▁are ▁tempor arily ▁closed ▁due ▁to ▁on going ▁legal ▁batt les ▁with ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁L akes ide ▁Tr ading ▁Post ▁ ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁Indian ▁Nation ▁own s ▁two ▁pieces ▁of ▁property ▁from ▁which ▁it ▁oper ates ▁its ▁L akes ide ▁Tr ading ▁Post : ▁a ▁convenience ▁store ▁and ▁gas ▁station ▁operation . ▁One ▁store ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Town ▁of ▁Sen eca ▁F alls ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁in ▁the ▁Village ▁of ▁Union ▁Spr ings . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁Sen eca ▁and ▁C ay uga ▁County ▁Sher iffs ' ▁Depart ments ▁seized ▁all ▁the ▁c igare tt es ▁at ▁two ▁locations ▁of ▁the ▁L akes ide ▁Tr ading ▁Post ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁C ay uga ▁ref us al ▁to ▁rem it ▁state ▁exc ise ▁tax es ▁on ▁sales . ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁have ▁said ▁that ▁as ▁a ▁so ver eign ▁nation , ▁they ▁do ▁not ▁o we ▁tax es ▁to ▁the ▁state . ▁This ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁long - standing ▁issue ▁with ▁the ▁count ies ▁and ▁state . ▁The ▁Sen eca ▁County ▁District ▁Att orney ▁said ▁the ▁count ies ▁were ▁in |
▁the ▁right ▁because ▁the ▁C ay ug as ▁did ▁not ▁own ▁any ▁so ver eign ▁land ▁in ▁either ▁county . ▁The ▁state ▁cont ends ▁that ▁only ▁by ▁operating ▁on ▁so ver eign ▁land ▁( a ▁res ervation ) ▁would ▁the ▁tribe ▁be ▁ex empt ▁from ▁the ▁tax es . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁US ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁decision ▁ruled ▁that ▁Indian ▁tribes ▁could ▁not ▁claim ▁so vere ig nt y ▁on ▁land ▁they ▁purchased ; ▁they ▁had ▁to ▁apply ▁to ▁the ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁and ▁have ▁the ▁land ▁put ▁in ▁trust ▁for ▁their ▁use . ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁Indian ▁Nation ▁sought ▁to ▁en join ▁the ▁authorities ▁from ▁initi ating ▁any ▁pro sec ution ▁and ▁to ▁comp el ▁them ▁to ▁return ▁the ▁seized ▁c igare tt es . ▁New ▁York ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁Justice ▁Kenneth ▁Fish er ▁denied ▁the ▁C ay ug as ' ▁motion ▁for ▁a ▁pre lim inary ▁inj unction ▁and ▁dismiss ed ▁the ▁action . ▁ ▁Land ▁claims ▁▁ ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁Nation ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁began ▁a ▁land ▁claim ▁action ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Northern ▁District ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁to ▁purs ue ▁legisl ative ▁and ▁mon et ary ▁rest itution ▁for ▁land ▁taken ▁from ▁it ▁by ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁and ▁ 1 9 th ▁centuries . ▁New ▁York ▁entered ▁into ▁land ▁sales ▁and ▁le ases ▁with ▁the ▁C ay uga ▁Nation ▁after |
▁the ▁signing ▁of ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Can anda igua ▁after ▁the ▁American ▁Revolution ary ▁War . ▁Its ▁failure ▁to ▁get ▁appro val ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Congress ▁meant ▁the ▁transactions ▁were ▁illegal ▁as ▁it ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁the ▁constitution al ▁authority ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁tribes . ▁The ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Can anda igua ▁holds ▁that ▁only ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁government ▁may ▁enter ▁into ▁legal ▁discuss ions ▁with ▁the ▁Ha uden osa une e . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁the ▁Sen eca - C ay uga ▁Tri be ▁of ▁Oklahoma ▁was ▁added ▁as ▁a ▁pla int iff ▁in ▁the ▁claim . ▁A ▁j ury ▁trial ▁on ▁dam ages ▁was ▁held ▁from ▁January ▁ 1 8 ▁– ▁February ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁j ury ▁returned ▁a ▁ver dict ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁C ay uga ▁Indian ▁Nation ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁the ▁Sen eca - C ay uga ▁Tri be ▁of ▁Oklahoma , ▁finding ▁current ▁fair ▁market ▁value ▁dam ages ▁of ▁$ 3 5 ▁million ▁and ▁total ▁fair ▁r ental ▁value ▁dam ages ▁of ▁$ 3 . 5 ▁million . ▁The ▁j ury ▁gave ▁the ▁state ▁a ▁credit ▁for ▁the ▁pay ments ▁it ▁had ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁C ay ug as ▁of ▁about ▁$ 1 . 6 ▁million , ▁leaving ▁the ▁total ▁dam ages ▁at ▁approximately ▁$ 3 6 . 9 ▁million . ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁court ▁issued ▁a ▁decision ▁and ▁order ▁which |
▁awarded ▁a ▁pre jud gment ▁interest ▁award ▁of ▁$ 2 1 1 ▁million ▁and ▁a ▁total ▁award ▁of ▁$ 2 4 7 . 9 ▁million . ▁ ▁Both ▁the ▁pla int iffs ▁and ▁the ▁defend ants ▁appe aled ▁this ▁award . ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁for ▁the ▁Second ▁Circ uit ▁rendered ▁a ▁decision ▁that ▁revers ed ▁the ▁judgment ▁of ▁the ▁trial ▁court . ▁It ▁ruled ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁defend ants , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁doctrine ▁of ▁la ches . ▁Ess entially ▁the ▁court ▁ruled ▁that ▁the ▁pla int iffs ▁had ▁taken ▁too ▁long ▁to ▁present ▁their ▁case , ▁when ▁it ▁might ▁have ▁been ▁equ it ably ▁settled ▁earlier . ▁ ▁The ▁C ay uga ▁Indian ▁Nation ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁sought ▁review ▁of ▁this ▁decision ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁which ▁was ▁[ ▁denied ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ]. ▁The ▁time ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁C ay uga ▁Indian ▁Nation ▁could ▁ask ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁to ▁re he ar ▁the ▁case ▁has ▁passed . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Green ▁Corn ▁Cer em ony ▁Three ▁Sister s ▁( ag ric ulture ) ▁W amp um ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁P ritz ker , ▁Barry ▁M . ▁A ▁Native ▁American ▁Encyclopedia : ▁History , ▁Culture , ▁and ▁Pe op les , ▁Oxford : ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁. ▁ |
▁External ▁links ▁C ay uga ▁Nation ▁of ▁New ▁York , ▁official ▁website ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Native ▁American ▁tribes ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : F eder ally ▁recognized ▁tribes ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Bat ty ▁We ber ▁Prize ▁or ▁Prix ▁Bat ty ▁We ber ▁is ▁Luxemb ourg ' s ▁national ▁literary ▁prize . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁awarded ▁every ▁three ▁years ▁since ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁to ▁a ▁Luxemb ourg ▁writer ▁for ▁his ▁entire ▁literary ▁work . ▁It ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁writer ▁Bat ty ▁We ber ▁( 1 8 6 0 – 1 9 4 0 ) ▁who ▁consider ably ▁influenced ▁Luxemb ourg ' s ▁cultural ▁life . ▁ ▁La ure ats ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 7 : ▁Ed mond ▁D une ▁▁ 1 9 9 0 : ▁Roger ▁Mand ers che id ▁▁ 1 9 9 3 : ▁Lé op old ▁Hoff mann ▁▁ 1 9 9 6 : ▁An ise ▁Kol tz ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 9 : ▁Nic ▁We ber ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 : ▁Pol ▁Gre isch ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 : ▁Guy ▁R ew enig ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 : ▁N ico ▁Hel ming er ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 : ▁Jean ▁Port ante ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 : ▁Lam bert ▁Sch le chter ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 : ▁Georges ▁Haus emer ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Liter ature ▁of ▁Luxemb ourg ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : A wards ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Category : L |
ux emb ourg ian ▁literary ▁awards <0x0A> </s> ▁Cl if ton ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁Derby shire ▁D ales ▁district ▁of ▁Derby shire , ▁England . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁situated ▁about ▁ 1 . 2 ▁miles ▁( 2 km ) ▁south ▁west ▁of ▁Ash bourne , ▁and ▁is ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁border ▁with ▁Staff ord shire . ▁The ▁appropriate ▁civil ▁parish ▁is ▁called ▁Cl if ton ▁and ▁Com pton . ▁The ▁population ▁of ▁this ▁civil ▁parish ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Census ▁was ▁ 5 0 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁and ▁notable ▁buildings ▁Marg ery ▁B ower ▁is ▁a ▁round ▁bar row ▁assumed ▁to ▁date ▁from ▁the ▁Bron ze ▁Age . ▁ ▁It ▁lies ▁on ▁the ▁southern ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁on ▁the ▁road ▁to ▁S nel ston . ▁ ▁Cl if ton ▁Hall ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁alter ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁and ▁ 2 0 th ▁centuries . ▁ ▁It ▁stands ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁on ▁Chap el ▁Lane ▁at ▁. ▁ ▁Holy ▁Tr inity ▁church ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁Henry ▁Isaac ▁Stevens ▁of ▁Derby , ▁and ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 . ▁ ▁O pp os ite ▁the ▁church ▁stands ▁the ▁C ock ▁Inn ▁public ▁house . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁formerly ▁had ▁a ▁railway ▁station , ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 2 ▁as ▁Cl if ton ▁and ▁renamed ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁as ▁Cl if ton ▁( May |
field ), ▁on ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Staff ord shire ▁Railway ▁between ▁Roc ester ▁and ▁Ash bourne . ▁ ▁Pass enger ▁services ▁ended ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁with ▁the ▁line ▁closing ▁for ▁fre ight ▁services ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁ ▁Local ▁facilities ▁ ▁Education ▁and ▁recre ational ▁facilities ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁the ▁village ▁include : ▁ ▁Cl if ton ▁Primary ▁School ▁ ▁Cl if ton ▁recre ation ▁ground ▁ ▁Cl if ton ▁Cr icket ▁club ▁ ▁Ash bourne ▁G olf ▁Cour se ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁village ▁made ▁world wide ▁head lines ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁site ▁for ▁the ▁' Spe edy ▁Sh op ', ▁an ▁autom ated ▁ret ail ing ▁solution ▁for ▁small ▁communities ▁designed ▁and ▁manufact ured ▁by ▁local ▁business ▁Village v ending . com . ▁The ▁shop ▁provides ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁supplies ▁to ▁the ▁village ▁using ▁a ▁unique ▁autom ated ▁machine ▁sty led ▁like ▁a ▁traditional ▁village ▁stores , ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁brain child ▁of ▁local ▁entrepr ene ur ▁Peter ▁Fox ▁and ▁his ▁colle ague ▁Dave ▁Russell . ▁ ▁Ro le ▁in ▁Ash bourne ▁sh ro vet ide ▁football ▁At ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁corn ▁mill ▁lies ▁a ▁stone ▁which ▁acts ▁as ▁the ▁Down ' ards ▁goal ▁in ▁the ▁annual ▁traditional ▁Royal ▁Sh ro vet ide ▁Football ▁match . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁adjacent ▁stone ▁markers , ▁the ▁old ▁and ▁the ▁new . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Derby shire ▁Category |
: T own s ▁and ▁villages ▁of ▁the ▁Pe ak ▁District ▁Category : Der by shire ▁D ales <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁Czech ▁First ▁League , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Syn ot ▁liga ▁for ▁spons or ship ▁reasons , ▁was ▁the ▁ 2 3 rd ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ' s ▁top - t ier ▁football ▁league . ▁Def ending ▁champions ▁V ikt oria ▁Pl ze ň ▁won ▁the ▁league ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁consecutive ▁season , ▁winning ▁their ▁fourth ▁Czech ▁title ▁as ▁a ▁result . ▁ ▁Teams ▁S igma ▁Ol om ouc , ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁F NL ▁champion , ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁First ▁League ▁just ▁one ▁season ▁after ▁their ▁re leg ation . ▁Run ner - up ▁FK ▁Var ns dorf ▁were ▁not ▁promoted ▁as ▁their ▁stad ium ▁failed ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁league ▁requirements . ▁Instead , ▁FC ▁Fast av ▁Z l ín ▁rejo ined ▁the ▁top ▁level ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁since ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 0 9 ▁season . ▁ ▁Stad ia ▁and ▁locations ▁ ▁Person nel ▁and ▁k its ▁ ▁League ▁table ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Top ▁sc or ers ▁ ▁Att end ances ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁Czech ▁Cup ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁Czech ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁in ▁European ▁association ▁football ▁le agues ▁ 1 ▁ 2 |
0 1 5 - 1 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁Phill ip ▁D . ▁K line ▁( born ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁att orney ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁Kansas ▁state ▁legisl ator , ▁district ▁att orney ▁of ▁Johnson ▁County , ▁and ▁Kansas ▁Att orney ▁General . ▁K line , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party , ▁lost ▁re - e lection ▁as ▁att orney ▁general ▁to ▁Democratic ▁ch allen ger ▁Paul ▁J . ▁Mor r ison ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁K line ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁Republican ▁County ▁Central ▁Committee ▁to ▁fill ▁the ▁vac ancy ▁left ▁Mor r ison ' s ▁election ▁as ▁Kansas ▁Att orney ▁General , ▁becoming ▁district ▁att orney ▁of ▁Johnson ▁County ▁on ▁the ▁day ▁he ▁left ▁office ▁as ▁att orney ▁general ▁and ▁essentially ▁switching ▁jobs ▁with ▁Mor r ison . ▁K line ▁then ▁ran ▁for ▁a ▁full ▁term ▁as ▁district ▁att orney , ▁but ▁was ▁defeated ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Republican ▁primary . ▁ ▁K line ▁was ▁a ▁polar izing ▁figure ▁in ▁state ▁politics , ▁largely ▁surrounding ▁his ▁use ▁of ▁his ▁office ▁to ▁investigate ▁abort ion ▁prov iders . ▁He ▁file d ▁charges ▁against ▁George ▁T iller , ▁a ▁late - term ▁abort ion ▁provider , ▁and ▁led ▁a ▁years - long ▁effort ▁to ▁pro sec ute ▁Pl anned ▁Parent hood ▁in ▁Kansas . ▁K line ▁received ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁official ▁re bu kes ▁and ▁repr im ands ▁for ▁his ▁legal ▁tact ics ▁against ▁abort |
ion ▁prov iders , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁his ▁law ▁license ▁was ▁in def initely ▁susp ended ▁by ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁which ▁found ▁" clear ▁and ▁convin cing ▁evidence " ▁that ▁K line ▁committed ▁numerous ▁viol ations ▁of ▁conduct ▁rules , ▁including ▁by ▁providing ▁false ▁testim ony . ▁K line ▁appe aled ▁his ▁license ▁susp ension ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁which ▁decl ined ▁to ▁interven e , ▁leaving ▁the ▁susp ension ▁in ▁place . ▁K line ▁is ▁currently ▁an ▁assistant ▁professor ▁at ▁Liber ty ▁University , ▁an ▁evangel ical ▁fundamental ist ▁college ▁in ▁Lyn ch burg , ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁political ▁career ▁Born ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Kansas , ▁K line ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Shaw ne e , ▁a ▁community ▁on ▁the ▁Kansas ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Metropolitan ▁Area . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁third ▁of ▁five ▁children ; ▁his ▁father ▁abandoned ▁the ▁family ▁when ▁K line ▁was ▁five ▁years ▁old , ▁leaving ▁his ▁mother ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁single ▁parent . ▁ ▁K line ▁graduated ▁from ▁Shaw ne e ▁Mission ▁North west ▁High ▁School ▁and ▁subsequently ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Central ▁Missouri ▁in ▁W arr ens burg , ▁Missouri , ▁where ▁he ▁became ▁an ▁active ▁member ▁of ▁Ph i ▁S igma ▁E psilon ▁frat ern ity ▁( now ▁Ph i ▁S igma ▁K appa ). ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁vars ity ▁wrest ling ▁team ▁with ▁a ▁partial ▁wrest ling ▁scholar ship , ▁and ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁cross |
▁country ▁team . ▁He ▁earned ▁a ▁B . S . ▁in ▁business ▁communic ations ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁During ▁college , ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁week end ▁radio ▁DJ ▁in ▁Cl inton , ▁Missouri ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁summer ▁news ▁broad c aster ▁for ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Missouri , ▁AM ▁radio ▁station ▁WH B . ▁▁ ▁On ▁Friday , ▁July ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁he ▁was ▁broadcast ing ▁live ▁from ▁the ▁Hy att ▁Reg ency ▁Kansas ▁City ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Missouri , ▁when ▁two ▁vert ically ▁cont igu ous ▁walk ways ▁col lapsed ▁onto ▁a ▁Te a ▁Dance ▁being ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁hotel ' s ▁lo bb y . ▁The ▁falling ▁walk ways ▁killed ▁ 1 1 4 ▁and ▁injured ▁a ▁further ▁ 2 1 6 ▁people . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁dead liest ▁struct ural ▁collapse ▁in ▁U . S . ▁history . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁college , ▁he ▁worked ▁in ▁public ▁relations ▁for ▁the ▁World s ▁of ▁Fun ▁and ▁O ce ans ▁of ▁Fun ▁am usement ▁par ks ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁save ▁money ▁for ▁law ▁school . ▁ ▁K line ▁received ▁his ▁J . D . ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Kansas ▁School ▁of ▁Law ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁Associ ate ▁Editor ▁for ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Law ▁Review . ▁ ▁He ▁entered ▁private ▁practice ▁as ▁an ▁associate ▁with ▁Black well ▁Sand ers , ▁a ▁large ▁firm ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City ▁special izing ▁in ▁corpor |
ate ▁law . ▁He ▁married ▁his ▁wife , ▁Deb or ah , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁and ▁settled ▁in ▁Shaw ne e ▁close ▁to ▁where ▁he ▁grew ▁up . ▁The ▁K lines ▁have ▁one ▁daughter , ▁Hill ary , ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁They ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Church ▁of ▁the ▁Naz ar ene ▁in ▁Len ex a , ▁Kansas . ▁ ▁After ▁leaving ▁Black well ▁Sand ers , ▁K line ▁hosted ▁two ▁radio ▁programs : ▁The ▁Phill ▁and ▁Mary ▁Show ▁on ▁Kansas ▁City ▁AM ▁station ▁K MB Z , ▁and ▁Face ▁Off ▁With ▁Phill ▁K line ▁on ▁To pe ka ▁AM ▁station ▁W IB W . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁fin ance ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Johnson ▁County ▁Republican ▁Committee . ▁ ▁While ▁still ▁a ▁law ▁student , ▁K line ▁ran ▁for ▁U . S . ▁Congress ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁K line ▁won ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary ▁election ▁but ▁was ▁defeated ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁by ▁the ▁inc umb ent , ▁Dem ocrat ▁Jim ▁Sl atter y . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁K line ▁won ▁election ▁to ▁the ▁Kansas ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives , ▁where ▁he ▁represented ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁District . ▁which ▁included ▁Shaw ne e . ▁There , ▁he ▁cha ired ▁the ▁House ▁App ropri ations ▁Committee ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁several ▁o vers ight ▁comm itte es . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁advis ory ▁committee ▁for ▁Kansas ▁Senator ▁Bob |
▁D ole ' s ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁president ial ▁campaign . ▁K line ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁Kansas ▁House ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁when ▁he ▁ran ▁for ▁election ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives , ▁seeking ▁the ▁Third ▁District ▁seat ▁held ▁by ▁Democratic ▁Congress man ▁Dennis ▁Moore . ▁Although ▁K line ▁won ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary , ▁he ▁lost ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁to ▁Moore , ▁ 1 8 4 , 0 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 4 5 , 5 4 2 ▁votes , ▁ 5 4 . 8 % ▁to ▁ 4 3 . 3 %. ▁ ▁Att orney ▁General ▁of ▁Kansas ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁K line ▁won ▁election ▁as ▁att orney ▁general ▁of ▁Kansas , ▁defe ating ▁fellow ▁Republican ▁David ▁Ad kins ▁of ▁Le a wood ▁in ▁the ▁primary ▁and ▁Dem ocrat ▁Chris ▁Big gs ▁of ▁J unction ▁City ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election . ▁On ▁becoming ▁att orney ▁general , ▁K line ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁To pe ka . ▁ ▁Kansas ▁v . ▁Marsh ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁successfully ▁argued ▁before ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁Kansas ▁v . ▁Marsh , ▁where in ▁the ▁Court ▁revers ed ▁a ▁r uling ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁that ▁the ▁state ' s ▁death ▁penalty ▁was ▁un const itution al . ▁ ▁Ab ort ion ▁controvers y ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁K line ▁began ▁investig |
ating ▁possible ▁cases ▁of ▁child ▁ra pe ▁and ▁illegal ▁partial - b irth ▁and ▁late - term ▁abort ions . ▁In ▁doing ▁so , ▁K line ▁requested ▁the ▁red act ed ▁medical ▁records ▁( without ▁names ) ▁of ▁ 9 0 ▁women ▁and ▁girls ▁who ▁either ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁a ▁child ▁or ▁had ▁an ▁abort ion . ▁His ▁office ▁was ▁ultimately ▁granted ▁these ▁red act ed ▁records ▁by ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Supreme ▁Court . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁K line ▁charged ▁abort ion ▁provider ▁Dr . ▁George ▁T iller ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 ▁mis de mean ors , ▁most ▁involving ▁abort ions ▁T iller ▁alleg edly ▁performed ▁on ▁min ors . ▁But ▁just ▁hours ▁after ▁the ▁charges ▁were ▁un se aled , ▁a ▁Sed g wick ▁County ▁judge ▁threw ▁them ▁out ▁" at ▁the ▁request ▁of ▁Sed g wick ▁County ▁District ▁Att orney ▁N ola ▁F oul ston , ▁who ▁said ▁her ▁office ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁consult ed ▁by ▁K line ." ▁However , ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁a ▁ 1 9 - count ▁ind ict ment ▁was ▁unexpected ly ▁file d ▁against ▁T iller ▁by ▁K line ' s ▁successor , ▁Paul ▁J . ▁Mor r ison . ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Dr . ▁T iller ▁was ▁found ▁not ▁guilty ▁of ▁all ▁ 1 9 ▁mis de mean or ▁charges ▁stem ming ▁from ▁some ▁abort ions |
▁he ▁performed ▁at ▁his ▁W ich ita ▁clin ic ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁Despite ▁the ▁acqu itt al , ▁T iller ▁was ▁charged ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁by ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Board ▁of ▁He aling ▁Arts ▁( KB HA ) ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁counts ▁of ▁illegal ▁late - term ▁abort ions . ▁The ▁board ▁had ▁many ▁app o inte es ▁of ▁anti - ab ort ion ▁Governor ▁Sam ▁Brown back , ▁including ▁a ▁member ▁from ▁Operation ▁Res cue ▁West ▁( OR W ). ▁On ▁May ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁while ▁serving ▁as ▁an ▁us her ▁at ▁his ▁church ' s ▁Sunday ▁morning ▁services , ▁T iller ▁was ▁assass in ated ▁by ▁Scott ▁Ro eder , ▁an ▁OR W ▁member ▁who ▁had ▁the ▁cell ▁phone ▁number ▁of ▁conv icted ▁clin ic ▁ar son ist ▁Ch ery l ▁S ull enger , ▁on ▁a ▁post - it ▁note ▁on ▁his ▁dash board ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁app reh ended ▁fle eing , ▁a ▁few ▁hours ▁after ▁the ▁murder . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁related ▁matter , ▁K line ▁was ▁named ▁a ▁def endant ▁in ▁a ▁suit ▁brought ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Kansas ▁challeng ing ▁a ▁state ▁law ▁requiring ▁" do ctors ▁and ▁other ▁profession als " ▁to ▁report ▁" all ▁cons ens ual ▁under age ▁sexual ▁activity ▁as ▁sexual ▁ab use ." ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , |
▁Judge ▁J . ▁Thomas ▁Mart en ▁agreed ▁and ▁issued ▁a ▁permanent ▁inj unction , ▁r uling ▁that ▁such ▁a ▁policy ▁viol ated ▁the ▁children ' s ▁rights ▁to ▁inform ational ▁priv acy ▁and ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁just ified ▁by ▁Kansas ▁law . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁K line ▁and ▁Operation ▁Res cue ▁claimed ▁that ▁Robert ▁A . ▁E str ada , ▁an ▁alleg ed ▁rap ist , ▁was ▁captured ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁abort ion ▁clin ic ▁medical ▁records ▁sub po ena ed ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁K line ' s ▁investigation . ▁The ▁District ▁Att orney ▁who ▁pro sec uted ▁E str ada ▁challeng ed ▁Operation ▁Res cue ' s ▁claims , ▁stating ▁that ▁K line ▁and ▁the ▁records ▁had ▁no ▁invol vement ▁in ▁the ▁pro sec ution . ▁ ▁K line ▁was ▁susp ended ▁from ▁pract icing ▁law ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁he ▁il leg ally ▁accessed ▁private ▁medical ▁records ▁of ▁women ▁who ▁made ▁the ▁choice ▁to ▁have ▁an ▁abort ion . ▁He ▁obtained ▁some ▁records ▁provided ▁on ▁his ▁demand ▁to ▁Dr . ▁Krist in ▁Neu haus , ▁whose ▁pro sec ution ▁he ▁purs ued ▁after ▁Dr . ▁T iller ' s ▁assass ination , ▁and ▁il leg ally ▁dis closed ▁them , ▁including ▁discuss ing ▁them ▁with ▁then ▁Fox ▁News ▁host ▁Bill ▁O ' Re illy ▁on ▁television . ▁The ▁Kansas ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁stated :" U lt imately , ▁we ▁un anim ously ▁conclude ▁the ▁weight ▁of ▁the ▁ag gra v ating ▁factors — i |
. e ., ▁K line ' s ▁in ability ▁or ▁ref us al ▁to ▁acknow ledge ▁the ▁line ▁between ▁over ze alous ▁advoc acy ▁and ▁operating ▁within ▁the ▁bounds ▁of ▁the ▁law ▁and ▁his ▁professional ▁oblig ations ; ▁his ▁self ish ▁mot ives ; ▁and ▁his ▁length y ▁and ▁substantial ▁pattern ▁of ▁mis con duct — we igh ▁more ▁heavily ▁than ▁the ▁mit ig ating ▁factors ▁and ▁mer it ▁his ▁in defin ite ▁susp ension ." ▁ ▁State ▁v . ▁Lim on ▁During ▁his ▁ten ure , ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁State ▁v . ▁Lim on , ▁K line ▁def ended ▁a ▁Kansas ▁law ▁which ▁provided ▁substantial ly ▁higher ▁sent encing ▁gu idel ines ▁for ▁acts ▁of ▁hom osex ual ▁stat ut ory ▁ra pe ▁compared ▁to ▁equivalent ▁heter osex ual ▁acts . ▁A ▁Kansas ▁trial ▁court ▁u ph eld ▁the ▁law , ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁aff ir med ▁that ▁decision , ▁and ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Kansas ▁decl ined ▁to ▁hear ▁the ▁case . ▁The ▁party ▁challeng ing ▁the ▁law ▁was ▁bare ly ▁ 1 8 ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁off ense , ▁and ▁both ▁Lim on ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁boy ▁were ▁residents ▁of ▁a ▁home ▁for ▁the ▁ment ally ▁disabled . ▁K line ▁had ▁repeatedly ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁older ▁boy ▁as ▁a ▁" pred ator ." ▁ ▁His ▁coun sel ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁for ▁a ▁writ ▁of ▁cert ior ari . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 3 , |
▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁issued ▁a ▁G V R ▁Order , ▁rem and ing ▁the ▁case ▁for ▁re cons ider ation ▁in ▁light ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ' s ▁then - re cent ▁decision ▁in ▁Lawrence ▁v . ▁Texas , ▁which ▁held ▁that ▁a ▁similar ▁Texas ▁law ▁viol ated ▁the ▁Equ al ▁Prote ction ▁Cla use ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Am end ment . ▁The ▁Att orney ▁General ' s ▁office ▁continued ▁to ▁purs ue ▁the ▁matter , ▁seeking ▁to ▁distinguish ▁the ▁Kansas ▁law ▁from ▁the ▁Texas ▁law . ▁The ▁Kansas ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁u ph eld ▁the ▁earlier ▁decision ▁ 2 - 1 , ▁but ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ruled ▁un anim ously ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁Lim on ▁and ▁over turn ed ▁his ▁conv iction ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁release ▁he ▁had ▁served ▁ 5 ½ ▁years ▁of ▁a ▁sevent een - year ▁sentence . ▁If ▁the ▁participants ▁had ▁been ▁of ▁opposite ▁sex es , ▁the ▁maximum ▁sentence ▁for ▁the ▁older ▁one ▁would ▁have ▁only ▁been ▁ 1 5 ▁months . ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁re - e lection ▁campaign s ▁K line ▁ran ▁for ▁re - e lection ▁as ▁att orney ▁general ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁On ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁lost ▁to ▁Democratic ▁ch allen ger ▁and ▁Johnson ▁County ▁District ▁Att orney ▁Paul ▁J . ▁Mor r ison . ▁K line ▁received |
▁ 4 1 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁To ▁opp ose ▁K line ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election , ▁Mor r ison ▁had ▁changed ▁his ▁political ▁affili ation ▁from ▁Republican ▁to ▁Democratic ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Johnson ▁County ▁Republican ▁P rec inct ▁comm itte ep ers ons ▁narrow ly ▁selected ▁K line ▁over ▁fellow ▁Republican ▁Steve ▁How e ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁remaining ▁two ▁years ▁of ▁Mor r ison ' s ▁term ▁as ▁county ▁district ▁att orney . ▁ ▁With ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote , ▁How e ▁defeated ▁K line ▁in ▁the ▁August ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Republican ▁primary ▁for ▁a ▁full ▁term ▁as ▁district ▁att orney . ▁ ▁Church ▁memor and um ▁controvers y ▁In ▁late ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁an ▁internal ▁election ▁campaign ▁mem o ▁from ▁K line ▁to ▁his ▁campaign ▁staff ▁was ▁le aked ▁to ▁The ▁Inter fa ith ▁Alliance ▁and ▁quickly ▁was ▁picked ▁up ▁by ▁blog gers , ▁resulting ▁in ▁much ▁discussion ▁and ▁controvers y . ▁In ▁the ▁mem o , ▁K line ▁tells ▁his ▁staff ▁how ▁to ▁form ▁a ▁campaign ▁committee ▁for ▁him ▁at ▁each ▁church ▁that ▁will ▁educ ate ▁and ▁register ▁vot ers , ▁" enc ou rage ▁people ▁to ▁contribute ▁and ▁volunte er ," ▁and ▁network ▁with ▁their ▁own ▁email ▁lists . ▁K line ▁has ▁def ended ▁the ▁mem o ▁and ▁the ▁mobil ization ▁of ▁churches ▁it ▁calls ▁for |
, ▁ins isting ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁viol ate ▁I RS ▁reg ulations ▁gover ning ▁the ▁tax - ex empt ▁status ▁of ▁churches , ▁under ▁which ▁a ▁church ▁stands ▁to ▁lose ▁its ▁tax - ex empt ▁status ▁for ▁officially ▁supporting ▁a ▁political ▁candidate , ▁if ▁the ▁Commission er ▁of ▁In ternal ▁Re venue ▁so ▁determ ines . ▁ ▁Work ▁attend ance ▁and ▁res iden cy ▁controvers y ▁K CT V , ▁a ▁Kansas ▁City ▁CBS ▁affili ate , ▁a ired ▁an ▁investig ative ▁report ▁that ▁addressed ▁accus ations ▁that ▁K line ▁did ▁not ▁res ide ▁within ▁Johnson ▁County ▁as ▁required ▁by ▁state ▁law , ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁spent ▁an ▁in ade qu ate ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁at ▁the ▁district ▁att orney ' s ▁office . ▁He ▁had ▁r ented ▁a ▁small ▁a partment ▁in ▁St il well , ▁and ▁was ▁registered ▁to ▁vote ▁from ▁that ▁location . ▁The ▁K CT V ▁rep or ters ▁said ▁in ▁their ▁report ▁they ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁observe ▁K line ▁or ▁his ▁family ▁at ▁the ▁address . ▁ ▁On ▁two ▁occasions , ▁K line ▁was ▁ta iled ▁by ▁rep or ters ▁from ▁Johnson ▁County ▁back ▁to ▁To pe ka , ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁his ▁primary ▁residence . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Johnson ▁County ▁Sher iff ' s ▁Office ▁initially ▁refused ▁K CT V - 5 ▁access ▁to ▁records ▁that ▁log ▁ID ▁card ▁passes ▁at ▁the ▁Johnson ▁County ▁Cour th ouse ▁gar age , ▁cit ing ▁security ▁concerns . ▁ ▁Through ▁exercise ▁of ▁the ▁Fre edom ▁of ▁Information ▁Act , ▁K CT |
V ▁initially ▁received ▁red act ed ▁and ▁incomplete ▁records ▁via ▁the ▁Johnson ▁County ▁Sher iff ' s ▁Office . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁report , ▁the ▁security ▁system ▁only ▁saves ▁ 9 0 ▁days ▁worth ▁of ▁data ▁and ▁p urg ed ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁electronic ▁records ▁in ▁question . ▁The ▁K CT V ▁report , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁incomplete ▁records , ▁also ▁suggested ▁that ▁K line ▁spent ▁an ▁in ade qu ate ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁Johnson ▁Country ▁District ▁Att orney ' s ▁Office , ▁aver aging ▁only ▁ 2 9 ▁hours ▁per ▁week . ▁ ▁K CT V 5 ▁devoted ▁an ▁entire ▁ 1 0 pm ▁new sc ast ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁critic isms ▁le ve led ▁at ▁K CT V 5 ' s ▁handling ▁of ▁the ▁investigation ▁the ▁following ▁day . ▁ ▁Post - elect oral ▁career ▁In ▁January , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁K line ▁left ▁Kansas ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁visit ing ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Liber ty ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Law , ▁in ▁Lyn ch burg , ▁Virginia . ▁He ▁is ▁now ▁an ▁associate ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁school , ▁which ▁has ▁combined ▁with ▁the ▁J esse ▁Hel ms ▁School ▁of ▁Government . ▁ ▁License ▁to ▁practice ▁law ▁susp ended ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁Dis cipl inary ▁Administr ator ▁brought ▁formal ▁professional ▁eth ics ▁charges ▁against ▁K line ▁before ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁based ▁on ▁per j ury , ▁an ▁illegal ▁file ▁transfer , ▁mis leading ▁legal ▁guidance ▁that ▁K line ▁had |
▁provided ▁to ▁the ▁grand ▁j ury ▁in ▁the ▁Johnson ▁County ▁clin ic ▁case , ▁the ▁O ' Re illy ▁appearance , ▁and ▁several ▁other ▁matters . ▁K line ' s ▁eth ics ▁trial ▁began ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁He ▁test ified ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁dece ive ▁state ▁ag encies ▁to ▁gain ▁information ▁in ▁abort ion ▁investig ations ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁no ▁duty ▁to ▁prompt ly ▁notify ▁a ▁trial ▁judge ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁provided ▁fla wed ▁information . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁Kansas ▁state ▁Board ▁of ▁Dis cipl ine ▁of ▁Att or ne ys ▁recommended ▁that ▁K line ' s ▁law ▁license ▁be ▁in def initely ▁susp ended , ▁cit ing ▁a ▁pattern ▁of ▁repeatedly ▁mis leading ▁statements , ▁" d ish on est ▁and ▁self ish ▁mot ives ", ▁and ▁a ▁failure ▁to ▁" take ▁any ▁responsibility ▁for ▁his ▁mis con duct ." ▁ ▁K line ▁disput ed ▁the ▁Board ' s ▁find ings ▁as ▁polit ically ▁motiv ated . ▁The ▁recommendation ▁to ▁susp end ▁his ▁license ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁state ' s ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁where ▁K line ' s ▁dem ands ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁unusual ▁rec us al ▁of ▁five ▁Just ices ▁and ▁a ▁substitute ▁appe als ▁court ▁judge ▁from ▁the ▁case . ▁The ▁court ▁in def initely ▁susp ended ▁K line ' s ▁law ▁license ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The |
▁costs ▁to ▁the ▁tax pay ers ▁of ▁def ending ▁his ▁license ▁came ▁to ▁nearly ▁$ 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁-- ▁the ▁only ▁level ▁of ▁federal ▁court ▁which ▁could ▁over rule ▁the ▁state ▁supre me ▁court ▁decision ▁-- ▁announced ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁decl ining ▁to ▁hear ▁K line ' s ▁request ▁to ▁review ▁the ▁susp ension ▁of ▁his ▁Kansas ▁license ▁to ▁practice ▁law . ▁However , ▁K line ▁continued ▁to ▁purs ue ▁the ▁matter ▁as ▁a ▁federal ▁case , ▁in ▁federal ▁District ▁court , ▁where ▁he ▁lost ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁He ▁then ▁appe aled ▁that ▁decision ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁U . S . ▁Circ uit ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁in ▁Den ver ▁-- ▁losing ▁again , ▁July ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁by ▁the ▁decision ▁of ▁a ▁three - jud ge ▁panel ▁who ▁refused ▁to ▁allow ▁the ▁case ▁to ▁be ▁re open ed ▁in ▁federal ▁court . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Kansas ▁Category : K ansas ▁law y ers ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Kansas ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Central ▁Missouri ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Kansas ▁al umn i ▁Category : K ansas ▁Att or ne ys ▁General ▁Category : D |
istrict ▁att or ne ys ▁in ▁Kansas ▁Category : American ▁talk ▁radio ▁hosts ▁Category : American ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁the ▁Naz ar ene ▁Category : K ansas ▁Republic ans ▁Category : Leg al ▁eth ics ▁Category : V ir gin ia ▁Republic ans ▁Category : K ansas ▁polit icians ▁conv icted ▁of ▁cr imes ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Shaw ne e , ▁Kansas <0x0A> </s> ▁S emy on ▁Dan il ov ich ▁Nom ok on ov ▁( 1 2 ▁August ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁– ▁ 1 2 ▁June ▁or ▁ 1 5 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Soviet ▁sni per ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁cred ited ▁with ▁ 3 6 7 ▁k ills , ▁recorded ▁in ▁his ▁sni per ▁log . ▁An ▁eth nic ▁Ham n igan ▁Even k , ▁Nom ok on ov ▁was ▁among ▁the ▁ind igen ous ▁pe op les ▁of ▁Russia ▁who ▁fought ▁in ▁the ▁war . ▁He ▁received ▁the ▁nick name ▁Ta iga ▁Sh aman ▁from ▁the ▁enemies . ▁ ▁Nom ok on ov ▁was ▁awarded ▁two ▁Or ders ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁Star , ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁B anner , ▁Order ▁of ▁Len in ▁and ▁med als . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Nom ok on ov ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁settlement ▁of ▁D ely un ▁in ▁Z ab ay kal sky ▁K rai , ▁Russia ▁( then ▁Russian ▁Empire ), ▁in ▁a ▁poor ▁family ▁of ▁hun ters , ▁and ▁from ▁child hood ▁lived ▁in ▁ta iga . ▁Nom |
ok on ov ▁took ▁the ▁rif le ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁seven . ▁He ▁h unted ▁s able , ▁Man ch ur ian ▁w ap iti ▁and ▁el k , ▁and ▁was ▁nick named ▁E ye ▁of ▁the ▁K ite . ▁Nom ok on ov ▁was ▁bapt ized ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 5 ▁and ▁received ▁the ▁name ▁S emy on . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁Nom ok on ov ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁settlement ▁of ▁N iz h ny ▁Stan ▁in ▁the ▁Russian ▁Sh il kin sky ▁District . ▁He ▁continued ▁hunting ▁and ▁car p enter ed . ▁ ▁War ▁Nom ok on ov ▁started ▁his ▁military ▁service ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁initially ▁in ▁a ▁subs istence ▁farm ▁of ▁a ▁regiment . ▁Then ▁he ▁made ▁cr ut ches ▁for ▁the ▁wounded . ▁Nom ok on ov ▁became ▁a ▁sni per ▁by ▁chance . ▁In ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁he ▁was ▁ev acu ating ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁wounded , ▁when ▁he ▁noticed ▁a ▁German , ▁aim ing ▁at ▁him . ▁Nom ok on ov ▁killed ▁him ▁with ▁his ▁own ▁rif le . ▁According ▁to ▁another ▁version , ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁Nom ok on ov ▁received ▁a ▁rif le ▁and ▁decided ▁to ▁test ▁it . ▁To ▁avoid ▁was ting ▁the ▁r ounds , ▁Nom ok on ov ▁tested ▁the ▁rif le ▁on ▁a ▁German , ▁who ▁was ▁moving ▁along ▁the ▁wood ed ▁lake ▁shore , ▁b |
ending ▁down . ▁After ▁that ▁Nom ok on ov ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁a ▁sni per ▁pl ato on . ▁He ▁started ▁to ▁shoot ▁from ▁a ▁Mos in – N ag ant ▁rif le ▁without ▁a ▁teles cop ic ▁sight . ▁Nom ok on ov ▁fought ▁at ▁the ▁Val da i ▁He ights , ▁K are li an ▁Ist hm us , ▁Ukraine , ▁Lith u ania , ▁East ▁Pr uss ia ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁Man ch uria . ▁He ▁initially ▁marked ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁k ills ▁on ▁his ▁sm oking ▁pipe . ▁Nom ok on ov ▁was ▁wounded ▁eight ▁times ▁and ▁suffered ▁a ▁bl ast ▁injury ▁twice . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁sni per ▁instruct or , ▁Nom ok on ov ▁trained ▁over ▁ 1 5 0 ▁soldiers . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁war ▁Nom ok on ov ▁returned ▁home ▁on ▁a ▁horse . ▁He ▁continued ▁car pent ering ▁at ▁N iz h ny ▁Stan , ▁but ▁then ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁settlement ▁of ▁Zug al ay , ▁where ▁his ▁elder ▁sons ▁were ▁living . ▁He ▁built ▁a ▁house ▁and ▁continued ▁hunting ▁during ▁free ▁time . ▁In ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁Nom ok on ov ▁received ▁a ▁horse , ▁bin oc ular s ▁and ▁a ▁rif le ▁no . ▁ 2 4 6 3 8 ▁for ▁his ▁military ▁service . ▁According ▁to ▁Nom ok on ov ' s ▁daughter ▁Zo ya ▁Bab u ye va , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁t ac it urn ▁person ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁like ▁to ▁talk ▁much ▁about |
▁the ▁war . ▁ ▁Nom ok on ov ▁died ▁in ▁Zug al ay ▁and ▁was ▁inter red ▁there . ▁Po et ▁Vas ily ▁Leb ede v - K um ach ▁dedicated ▁a ▁poem ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁Nom ok on ov ▁left ▁nine ▁children ▁and ▁ 4 9 ▁grand children . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁F y odor ▁Ok h lop kov ▁Ali ya ▁Mold ag ul ova ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 3 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁S ret ens ky ▁District ▁Category : E ven ks ▁Category : S ov iet ▁military ▁sn ip ers ▁Category : S ov iet ▁military ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Len in ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁B anner <0x0A> </s> ▁Se yed ▁Me h di ▁Ab t ah i ▁( Pers ian : ▁ س ی د م ه د ی ▁ ا ب ط ح ی ; ▁born ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁in ▁Te h ran ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁Iran ian ▁football ▁player . ▁ ▁Career ▁Ab t ah i ▁made ▁ 3 8 ▁appearances ▁for ▁the ▁Iran ▁national ▁football ▁team ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁Hon ors ▁ ▁Iran ▁ ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup ▁▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁Third ▁Place ▁▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Group ▁Stage ▁Asian |
▁Games ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Qu arter ▁Final ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Champions ▁ ▁Est eg hl al ▁FC ▁ ▁Asian ▁Club ▁Championship ▁ 1 9 9 0 – 9 1 ▁Champions ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Run ner - up ▁ ▁Bah man ▁FC ▁ ▁A za de gan ▁League ▁ 1 9 9 5 – 9 6 ▁Run ner - up ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : I ran ian ▁football ers ▁Category : I ran ian ▁men ' s ▁fut sal ▁players ▁Category : I ran ian ▁fut sal ▁coach es ▁Category : I ran ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Per se pol is ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Est eg hl al ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B ah man ▁players ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : Sh ah id ▁Mans ouri ▁F SC ▁man agers ▁Category : G iti ▁Pas and ▁F SC ▁man agers ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁football ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Iran ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Asian ▁Games <0x0A> </s> |
▁The ▁Live ▁& ▁Un w ra pped ▁is ▁the ▁fifth ▁special ▁concert ▁by ▁singer ▁and ▁song writer ▁Gl oria ▁Est ef an , ▁the ▁tour ▁was ▁a ▁special ▁show ▁made ▁only ▁to ▁launch ▁the ▁album ▁Un w ra pped , ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁made ▁at ▁The ▁Col os se um ▁in ▁Ca es ars ▁Palace , ▁Las ▁Veg as . ▁ ▁The ▁tour ▁had ▁seven ▁non - con sec ut ives ▁days , ▁including ▁October ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁film ing ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁DVD ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Show ▁history ▁This ▁show ▁became ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁public ▁appearance ▁by ▁Est ef an ▁to ▁promote ▁herself ▁for ▁an ▁album ▁or ▁to ▁any ▁other ▁art istic ▁work ▁since ▁her ▁show ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁One ▁Night ▁Only ▁At ▁The ▁Mand al ay ▁Bay , ▁this ▁show ▁became ▁on ▁her ▁fifth ▁special ▁concert - ever ▁given . ▁ ▁The ▁show ▁has ▁d anc ers , ▁ch ore ography , ▁special ▁effects ▁and ▁everything ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁into ▁what ▁is ▁called ▁a ▁Veg as ▁show . ▁▁ ▁The ▁set ▁list ▁featured ▁mostly ▁new ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁album , ▁but ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁Gl oria ' s ▁greatest ▁hits ▁were ▁also ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁show , ▁almost ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁song ▁of ▁every ▁albums ▁were |
▁included , ▁however ▁were ▁four ▁albums ▁that ▁wer en ' t ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁show , ▁those ▁were ▁E yes ▁Of ▁In noc ence , ▁Ab ri endo ▁Pu ert as , ▁Gl oria ! ▁and ▁Al ma ▁Car ibe ña . ▁ ▁From ▁Prim itive ▁Love : ▁" C ong a " ▁and ▁" W ords ▁Get ▁in ▁the ▁Way ". ▁From ▁Let ▁It ▁Lo ose : ▁" R h ythm ▁Is ▁G onna ▁Get ▁You ", ▁" Can ' t ▁St ay ▁A way ▁from ▁You ", ▁ 1 - 2 - 3 " ▁and ▁" Any thing ▁for ▁You ". ▁From ▁C uts ▁Both ▁W ays : ▁" Get ▁on ▁Your ▁Fe et ", ▁" Here ▁We ▁Are ", ▁" O ye ▁Mi ▁C anto ▁( H ear ▁My ▁Vo ice )" ▁and ▁" Don ' t ▁W anna ▁L ose ▁You ". ▁From ▁In to ▁the ▁Light : ▁" Live ▁for ▁L oving ▁You ". ▁From ▁Mi ▁T ierra : ▁" M i ▁T ierra " ▁and ▁" Con ▁Los ▁A ños ▁Que ▁Me ▁Qu ed an ". ▁From ▁Hold ▁Me , ▁Th r ill ▁Me , ▁K iss ▁Me : ▁" Turn ▁the ▁Beat ▁Ar ound ". ▁From ▁Dest iny : ▁" Re ach " ▁and ▁" You ' ll ▁Be ▁Mine ▁( Part y ▁Time ) ". ▁From ▁Un w ra pped : ▁" W ra pped ", ▁Ho y ", ▁" In ▁the ▁Me ant ime ", ▁" Te ▁Am are ", ▁" I ▁W ish |
▁You " ▁and ▁" Your ▁Picture ". ▁ ▁This ▁same ▁list ▁would ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁Est ef an ' s ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁tour ▁Live ▁& ▁Re - W ra pped ▁Tour , ▁but ▁with ▁some ▁new ▁songs ▁including ▁princip ally ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁gl oria !. ▁ ▁Set ▁list ▁ ▁" Int ro " ▁ ▁" Get ▁on ▁Your ▁Fe et " ▁ ▁" Turn ▁the ▁Beat ▁Ar ound " ▁ ▁" 1 - 2 - 3 " ▁ ▁" Here ▁We ▁Are " ▁ ▁" In ▁the ▁Me ant ime " ▁ ▁" Your ▁Picture " ▁ ▁Med ley : ▁" M i ▁T ierra " ▁" O ye ▁Mi ▁C anto ▁( H ear ▁My ▁Vo ice )" ▁ ▁" H oy " ▁( S als a ▁Mix ) ▁ ▁" Con ▁Los ▁A ños ▁Que ▁Me ▁Qu ed an " ▁ ▁" W ra pped " ▁ ▁" Te ▁Am ar é " ▁ ▁Ball ad ▁Med ley : ▁" W ords ▁Get ▁in ▁the ▁Way " ▁ ▁" Any thing ▁for ▁You " ▁ ▁" Can ' t ▁St ay ▁A way ▁from ▁You " ▁ ▁" Don ' t ▁W anna ▁L ose ▁You " ▁ ▁" Re ach " ▁▁ ▁" R h ythm ▁Is ▁G onna ▁Get ▁You " ▁ ▁" C ong a " ▁ ▁" Live ▁for ▁L oving ▁You " ▁ ▁" You ' ll ▁Be ▁Mine ▁( Part y ▁Time )" ▁ ▁" I ▁W ish ▁You " ▁ |
▁" Te ▁Am ar é " ▁( Re prise ) ▁ ▁S ources : ▁ ▁Tour ▁dates ▁ ▁Tour ▁cred its ▁ ▁Miami ▁Sound ▁Machine ▁R andy ▁Bar low ▁- ▁Musical ▁Director ▁/ ▁Trump et ▁/ ▁Key boards ▁Tommy ▁Ma est su ▁- ▁Gu itar ▁/ ▁V oc als ▁Peter ▁Par ente ▁- ▁Gu itar ▁Ed win ▁Bon illa ▁- ▁Per cussion ▁Edu ardo ▁Rod rig uez ▁- ▁Per cussion ▁Arch ie ▁P ena ▁- ▁Per cussion ▁Ol bin ▁Burg os ▁- ▁Dr ums ▁Jorge ▁Cas as ▁- ▁Bass ▁Clay ▁Ost wald ▁- ▁Ass istant ▁Musical ▁Director ▁/ ▁Key boards ▁H erman ▁" T ed dy " ▁Mu let ▁- ▁Trump et ▁/ ▁Key boards ▁/ ▁T rom bone ▁Mike ▁Sc ag l ione ▁- ▁Sax ▁/ ▁Fl ute ▁/ ▁Clar inet ▁/ ▁Acc ord ion ▁Tom ▁Tim ko ▁- ▁Sax es ▁/ ▁Clar inet ▁Doug ▁Mich a els ▁- ▁Trump et ▁Don na ▁Allen ▁- ▁V oc als ▁Juan ▁" Che ito " ▁Qu in one z ▁- ▁V oc als ▁Y is el ▁Du que ▁- ▁V oc als ▁ ▁Dan cers ▁Paul ▁B ens ho of ▁Alex ▁Est orn el ▁Re ina ▁H idal go ▁T yr one ▁Jackson ▁Des in ▁Je von ▁K ira ▁Morris ▁Mike ▁Morris ▁Eliz an eth ▁Ram os ▁Steph anie ▁Sp ans ki ▁Christian ▁Vin vent ▁ ▁Ch ore ography ▁Ken ny ▁Or te ga ▁- ▁Live ▁& ▁Un w ra pped ▁Stage ▁Show ▁Director ▁& ▁Ch ore ograph er ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : |
G l oria ▁Est ef an ▁concert ▁t ours ▁Category : 2 0 0 3 ▁concert ▁t ours ▁Category : Ca es ars ▁Palace <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Feuer stein ▁is ▁a ▁tw in ▁peak ▁in ▁the ▁St ub ai ▁Al ps ▁on ▁the ▁border ▁of ▁Ty rol ▁and ▁South ▁Ty rol . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Walter ▁K lier : ▁St uba ier ▁Al pen , ▁Al pine ▁Club ▁Guide , ▁Mun ich , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁ ▁Edu ard ▁Rich ter , ▁Die ▁Er schließ ung ▁der ▁O stal pen , ▁Berlin , ▁Verlag ▁des ▁Deutschen ▁und ▁O ester reich ischen ▁Al pen vere ins , ▁ 1 8 9 3 / 1 8 9 4 ▁Al pine ▁Club ▁map , ▁ 1 : 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁series , ▁She et ▁ 3 1 / 1 ▁St uba ier ▁Al pen , ▁Hoch st ub ai ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁the ▁Al ps ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Ty rol ▁( state ) ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁South ▁Ty rol ▁Category : Al pine ▁three - th ous and ers ▁Category : St ub ai ▁Al ps ▁Category : A ust ria – Ital y ▁border ▁Category : Intern ational ▁mountains ▁of ▁Europe <0x0A> </s> ▁Des or ption ▁is ▁a ▁phenomen on ▁where by ▁a ▁subst ance ▁is ▁released ▁from ▁or ▁through ▁a ▁surface . ▁The ▁process ▁is ▁the ▁opposite ▁of ▁sor ption ▁( that ▁is , ▁either ▁ad s or |
ption ▁or ▁absor ption ). ▁This ▁occurs ▁in ▁a ▁system ▁being ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁sor ption ▁equilibrium ▁between ▁bulk ▁phase ▁( fl uid , ▁i . e . ▁gas ▁or ▁liquid ▁solution ) ▁and ▁an ▁ad s or bing ▁surface ▁( sol id ▁or ▁boundary ▁separ ating ▁two ▁flu ids ). ▁When ▁the ▁concentration ▁( or ▁pressure ) ▁of ▁subst ance ▁in ▁the ▁bulk ▁phase ▁is ▁lower ed , ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁sor bed ▁subst ance ▁changes ▁to ▁the ▁bulk ▁state . ▁ ▁In ▁chem istry , ▁especially ▁chrom at ography , ▁des or ption ▁is ▁the ▁ability ▁for ▁a ▁chemical ▁to ▁move ▁with ▁the ▁mobile ▁phase . ▁The ▁more ▁a ▁chemical ▁des or bs , ▁the ▁less ▁likely ▁it ▁will ▁ad s orb , ▁thus ▁instead ▁of ▁stick ing ▁to ▁the ▁station ary ▁phase , ▁the ▁chemical ▁moves ▁up ▁with ▁the ▁sol vent ▁front . ▁ ▁In ▁chemical ▁separation ▁processes , ▁stri pping ▁is ▁also ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁des or ption ▁as ▁one ▁component ▁of ▁a ▁liquid ▁stream ▁moves ▁by ▁mass ▁transfer ▁into ▁a ▁v apor ▁phase ▁through ▁the ▁liquid - v apor ▁interface . ▁ ▁After ▁ad s or ption , ▁the ▁ad s or bed ▁chemical ▁will ▁remain ▁on ▁the ▁substr ate ▁nearly ▁in def initely , ▁provided ▁the ▁temperature ▁remains ▁low . ▁However , ▁as ▁the ▁temperature ▁r ises , ▁so ▁does ▁the ▁lik elihood ▁of ▁des or ption . ▁The ▁general ▁equation ▁for ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁des or ption ▁is : ▁ ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁rate |
▁constant ▁for ▁des or ption , ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁concentration ▁of ▁the ▁ad s or bed ▁material , ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁kin etic ▁order ▁of ▁des or ption . ▁ ▁Usually , ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁the ▁des or ption ▁can ▁be ▁predicted ▁by ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁elementary ▁steps ▁involved : ▁ ▁At omic ▁or ▁simple ▁mole cular ▁des or ption ▁will ▁typically ▁be ▁a ▁first - order ▁process ▁( i . e ., ▁a ▁simple ▁mole c ule ▁on ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁substr ate ▁des or bs ▁into ▁a ▁g ase ous ▁form ). ▁ ▁Re com bin ative ▁mole cular ▁des or ption ▁will ▁generally ▁be ▁a ▁second - order ▁process ▁( i . e ., ▁two ▁hydro gen ▁atoms ▁on ▁the ▁surface ▁des orb ▁and ▁form ▁a ▁g ase ous ▁H 2 ▁mole c ule ). ▁ ▁The ▁rate ▁constant ▁ ▁may ▁be ▁expressed ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁ ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁" att empt ▁frequency " ▁( o ften ▁the ▁Greek ▁letter ▁), ▁the ▁chance ▁of ▁the ▁ad s or bed ▁mole c ule ▁over coming ▁its ▁potential ▁bar rier ▁to ▁des or ption , ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁activation ▁energy ▁of ▁des or ption , ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁Bol tz mann ▁constant , ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁temperature . ▁ ▁Des or ption ▁mechan isms ▁ ▁Depending ▁on ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁abs orb ent / ads orb ent - to - sur face ▁bond , ▁there ▁are ▁a ▁mult itude ▁of ▁mechan isms ▁for ▁des or ption |
. ▁The ▁surface ▁bond ▁of ▁a ▁sor b ant ▁can ▁be ▁cle aved ▁therm ally , ▁through ▁chemical ▁re actions ▁or ▁by ▁radiation , ▁all ▁which ▁may ▁result ▁in ▁des or ption ▁of ▁the ▁species . ▁ ▁Th erm al ▁des or ption ▁ ▁Red uct ive ▁or ▁ox id ative ▁des or ption ▁ ▁In ▁some ▁cases , ▁ad s or bed ▁mole cules ▁are ▁chem ically ▁bond ed ▁to ▁the ▁surface / material , ▁providing ▁a ▁strong ▁ad hes ion ▁and ▁limit ing ▁des or ption . ▁If ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁case , ▁des or ption ▁requires ▁a ▁chemical ▁reaction ▁which ▁cle aves ▁the ▁chemical ▁b onds . ▁One ▁way ▁to ▁accomplish ▁this ▁is ▁to ▁apply ▁a ▁voltage ▁to ▁the ▁surface , ▁resulting ▁in ▁either ▁reduction ▁or ▁ox id ation ▁of ▁the ▁ad s or bed ▁mole c ule ▁( dep ending ▁on ▁the ▁bias ▁and ▁the ▁ad s or bed ▁mole cules ). ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁typical ▁example ▁of ▁re duct ive ▁des or ption , ▁a ▁self - ass emble d ▁mon ol ay ers ▁of ▁alk yl ▁th i ols ▁on ▁a ▁gold ▁surface ▁can ▁be ▁removed ▁by ▁applying ▁a ▁negative ▁bias ▁to ▁the ▁surface ▁resulting ▁in ▁reduction ▁of ▁the ▁sul fur ▁head - group . ▁The ▁chemical ▁reaction ▁for ▁this ▁process ▁would ▁be : ▁ ▁where ▁R ▁is ▁an ▁alk yl ▁chain ▁( e . g . ▁CH 3 ), ▁S ▁is ▁the ▁sul fur ▁atom ▁of ▁the ▁th i ol ▁group , ▁Au ▁is ▁a ▁gold |
▁surface ▁atom ▁and ▁e − ▁is ▁an ▁electron ▁supplied ▁by ▁an ▁external ▁voltage ▁source . ▁ ▁Another ▁application ▁for ▁re duct ive / ox id ative ▁des or ption ▁is ▁to ▁clean ▁active ▁carbon ▁material ▁through ▁electro chem ical ▁reg ener ation . ▁ ▁Electron - st im ulated ▁des or ption ▁ ▁Electron - st im ulated ▁des or ption ▁occurs ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁an ▁electron ▁beam ▁incident ▁upon ▁a ▁surface ▁in ▁vac u um , ▁as ▁is ▁common ▁in ▁particle ▁physics ▁and ▁industrial ▁processes ▁such ▁as ▁sc anning ▁electron ▁micro sc opy ▁( SE M ). ▁ ▁At ▁atmos pher ic ▁pressure , ▁mole cules ▁may ▁weak ly ▁bond ▁to ▁surfaces ▁in ▁what ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁ad s or ption . ▁ ▁These ▁mole cules ▁may ▁form ▁mon ol ay ers ▁at ▁a ▁density ▁of ▁ 1 0 1 5 ▁ ▁atoms /( cm 2 ▁) ▁for ▁a ▁perfectly ▁smooth ▁surface ,. ▁ ▁One ▁mon ol ayer ▁or ▁several ▁may ▁form , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁bond ing ▁capabilities ▁of ▁the ▁mole cules . ▁ ▁If ▁an ▁electron ▁beam ▁is ▁incident ▁upon ▁the ▁surface , ▁it ▁provides ▁energy ▁to ▁break ▁the ▁b onds ▁of ▁the ▁surface ▁with ▁mole cules ▁in ▁the ▁ad s or bed ▁mon ol ayer ( s ), ▁causing ▁pressure ▁to ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁system . ▁ ▁Once ▁a ▁mole c ule ▁is ▁des or bed ▁into ▁the ▁vac u um ▁volume , ▁it ▁is ▁removed ▁via ▁the ▁vac u um ' s ▁p ump ing ▁mechanism ▁( |
re - ads or ption ▁is ▁neg lig ible ). ▁ ▁Hence , ▁fewer ▁mole cules ▁are ▁available ▁for ▁des or ption , ▁and ▁an ▁increasing ▁number ▁of ▁electrons ▁are ▁required ▁to ▁maintain ▁constant ▁des or ption . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Ad s or ption ▁ ▁Sor ption ▁is oth erm ▁ ▁Chem is or ption ▁ ▁Gib bs ▁is oth erm ▁ ▁Mo ist ure ▁sor ption ▁is oth erm ▁ ▁Lang mu ir ▁equation ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Sur face ▁science ▁Category : Art icles ▁containing ▁video ▁cli ps <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Bro kk at ▁language ▁( D z ong k ha : ▁ བ <0xE0> <0xBE> <0xB2> ོ <0xE0> <0xBD> <0x80> ་ <0xE0> <0xBD> <0x81> ་ ; ▁W yl ie : ▁Bro k - k ha ; ▁also ▁called ▁" B rok sk ad " ▁and ▁" J ok ay ") ▁is ▁an ▁end anger ed ▁Southern ▁Tib etic ▁language ▁spoken ▁by ▁about ▁ 3 0 0 ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁D h ur ▁in ▁B um th ang ▁Valley ▁of ▁B um th ang ▁District ▁in ▁central ▁Bh ut an . ▁Bro kk at ▁is ▁spoken ▁by ▁descend ants ▁of ▁past oral ▁y akh erd ▁communities . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁L anguages ▁of ▁Bh ut an ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁H imal ay an ▁L anguages ▁Project ▁ ▁Category : L anguages ▁of ▁Bh ut an ▁Category : S outh ▁Bod ish ▁languages <0x0A> </s> ▁E bers berg ▁is ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁the ▁similarly |
▁named ▁E bers berg ▁Landkreis ▁( d istrict ) ▁in ▁the ▁Ober bay ern ▁Reg ierungs bez irk ▁( admin istr ative ▁region ) ▁in ▁Bav aria , ▁southern ▁Germany . ▁The ▁E bers berger ▁For st ▁( for est ) ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Germany ’ s ▁largest ▁continuous ▁area ▁of ▁wood lands . ▁ ▁Ne igh bour ing ▁communities ▁are ▁Graf ing ▁bei ▁München , ▁Kirch see on ▁and ▁Stein hör ing . ▁Bav aria ’ s ▁capital , ▁Mun ich , ▁lies ▁ 3 2 km ▁away ▁and ▁may ▁be ▁reached ▁by ▁Mun ich ▁S - B ahn ▁( S 4 ). ▁Rosen heim ▁and ▁Wasser burg ▁am ▁Inn ▁are ▁about ▁the ▁same ▁distance ▁away . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁E bers berg ’ s ▁history ▁is ▁closely ▁tied ▁with ▁the ▁nearby ▁Bened ict ine ▁monaster y ▁founded ▁in ▁ 9 3 4 ▁by ▁the ▁Count s ▁of ▁S empt . ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁the ▁monaster y ▁exerc ised ▁local ▁juris diction . ▁In ▁ 1 5 9 5 , ▁Pope ▁Clement ▁VIII ▁dissol ved ▁the ▁monaster y ▁and ▁turned ▁its ▁lands ▁over ▁to ▁the ▁Jes uits . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 6 3 4 , ▁during ▁the ▁Th irty ▁Years ▁War , ▁E bers berg ▁was ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁sk irm ish ▁between ▁H abs burg ▁troops ▁and ▁local ▁pe as ants . ▁The ▁pe as ants , ▁being ▁poor ly ▁armed , ▁were ▁quickly ▁defeated ▁by ▁the ▁Imperial |
▁forces ▁and ▁around ▁ 2 0 0 ▁were ▁killed . ▁Later , ▁the ▁ring le aders ▁were ▁ex on er ated ▁by ▁local ▁authorities ▁and ▁found ▁they ▁were ▁acting ▁only ▁in ▁self - def ense . ▁In ▁ 1 7 7 3 , ▁the ▁Kn ights ▁of ▁Mal ta ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁building . ▁When ▁the ▁monaster y ▁was ▁dissol ved ▁for ▁good ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 8 , ▁the ▁building ▁went ▁partly ▁to ▁government ▁ownership ▁and ▁partly ▁private . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁E bers berg ▁was ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁status ▁of ▁a ▁' town '. ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁it ▁was ▁connected ▁to ▁Mun ich ▁by ▁the ▁S - B ahn ▁highway . ▁The ▁once ▁separate ▁municipality ▁of ▁Ober nd orf ▁was ▁combined ▁with ▁E bers berg . ▁ ▁E bers berg ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁German ▁town ▁that ▁has ▁named ▁a ▁street ▁after ▁a ▁cab aret ▁group ▁( Val t ort ag asse , ▁after ▁the ▁Gru ppo ▁di ▁V alt ort a ▁from ▁E bers berg ). ▁E bers berg ’ s ▁main ▁cultural ▁institution , ▁the ▁Al te ▁K ino ▁E bers berg ▁( Old ▁Cinema ), ▁is ▁today ▁run ▁by ▁a ▁non - pro fit ▁gover ning ▁board ▁whose ▁roots ▁lie ▁in ▁this ▁same ▁Deutsch er ▁Kle ink unst preis - win ning ▁group . ▁ ▁Co at ▁of ▁arms ▁E bers berg ’ s ▁civ ic ▁coat ▁of ▁arms ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁gold ▁background ▁with ▁a ▁black ▁bo ar ▁standing |
▁on ▁a ▁green ▁three - kn ol led ▁hill ▁( D rei berg , ▁in ▁German ▁her ald ry ) ▁on ▁the ▁shield ’ s ▁right ▁edge ▁( from ▁the ▁arms b ear er ’ s ▁point ▁of ▁view ▁– ▁the ▁left ▁edge ▁from ▁the ▁vie wer ’ s ) ▁s lop ing ▁up wards . ▁ ▁The ▁town ’ s ▁website ▁includes ▁a ▁short ▁summary ▁of ▁its ▁history . ▁ ▁S ights ▁Wall fahrt sk irche ▁St . ▁Sebastian ▁( P il gr image ▁church ): ▁the ▁western ▁portion ▁dates ▁from ▁ 1 2 3 0 , ▁the ▁nave ▁and ▁cho ir ▁origin ate ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century . ▁From ▁ 1 7 7 0 ▁to ▁ 1 7 8 3 ▁it ▁was ▁rem ode led ▁in ▁ro c oco ▁style . ▁The ▁tomb ▁made ▁of ▁red ▁Sal zburg ▁mar ble ▁at ▁the ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁middle ▁nave ▁was ▁made ▁in ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁by ▁Wolfgang ▁Leb . ▁Among ▁other ▁s ights ▁worthy ▁of ▁mention ▁are ▁Sebastian ’ s ▁Chap el ▁with ▁its ▁bar o que ▁st u cco ▁work ▁and ▁Saint ▁Sebastian ’ s ▁reli qu ary , ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁a ▁b ust , ▁from ▁ 1 4 5 0 . ▁Town ▁hall ▁( R ath aus ): ▁Today ’ s ▁town ▁hall ▁on ▁the ▁Mar ien platz ▁is ▁hous ed ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁once ▁the ▁monaster y ▁ta vern . ▁The ▁Wei her k ette ▁with ▁the ▁E gg l burger ▁See ▁( |
la ke ) ▁is ▁a ▁favour ite ▁out ing ▁destination . ▁The ▁E bers berger ▁A uss icht st urm ▁is ▁a ▁tower ▁located ▁near ▁the ▁Museum ▁für ▁Wald ▁und ▁Um welt ▁ ▁Transport ▁E bers berg ▁has ▁a ▁station ▁on ▁the ▁railway ▁line ▁between ▁Graf ing ▁and ▁Wasser burg ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁terminal ▁station ▁of ▁line ▁S ▁ 4 ▁of ▁the ▁Mun ich ▁S - B ahn . ▁ ▁Fam ous ▁people ▁The ▁following ▁l umin aries ▁were ▁born ▁in ▁E bers berg : ▁Ign az ▁P erner ▁( 1 7 9 6 – 1 8 6 7 ), ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁animal ▁protection ▁movement ▁ ▁Friedrich ▁Beck ▁( 1 8 0 6 - 1 8 8 8 ), ▁poet ▁and ▁scholar ▁Josef ▁Br end le ▁( 1 8 8 8 – 1 9 5 4 ), ▁painter ▁ ▁Pascal ina ▁Le hn ert ▁( Jose ph ine ▁Le hn ert , ▁ 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 8 3 ), ▁n uns , ▁house keeper ▁and ▁assistant ▁to ▁P ius ▁XII . ▁E wald ▁Sch urer ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 4 ), ▁politician ▁ ▁( SP D ), ▁member ▁of ▁parliament ▁ ▁Walter ▁Z eller ▁( 1 9 2 9 - 1 9 9 5 ), ▁motor cycle ▁racing ▁driver ▁ ▁Flor ian ▁Nieder le ch ner ▁( born ▁ 1 9 9 0 ), ▁s occer ▁player ▁ ▁Working ▁or ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁▁ ▁Josef ▁Win tr ich ▁( 1 8 9 1 - 1 |
9 5 8 ), ▁jur ist , ▁second ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Bundes ver fass ungs gericht ▁( 1 9 5 4 - 1 9 5 8 ); ▁was ▁transferred ▁from ▁Mun ich ▁to ▁E bers berg ▁as ▁supre me ▁judge ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁many ▁death s ▁in ▁the ▁D ach au ▁concentration ▁camp , ▁ ▁Hor st ▁Mah ler ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 6 ), ▁ ▁German ▁political ▁activ ist , ▁former ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁Army ▁F action , ▁lawyer ▁and ▁ne o - N azi , ▁who ▁was ▁repeatedly ▁conv icted ▁of ▁inc itement , ▁terror ism ▁and ▁rob ber y , ▁lived ▁in ▁E bers berg ▁ ▁Honor ary ▁citizens ▁ ▁Martin ▁G ug get zer ▁( 1 8 7 2 – 1 9 5 0 ), ▁Catholic ▁priest , ▁hon oured ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁ ▁Man fred ▁Berg meister ▁( born ▁ 1 9 2 7 ), ▁sm ith ▁and ▁found ing ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Mun ich ▁Hand ic raft ▁Academy ▁( A kadem ie ▁Hand werk ▁München ), ▁holder ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Mer it ▁of ▁the ▁Federal ▁Republic ▁of ▁Germany ▁and ▁the ▁Bav arian ▁Order ▁of ▁Mer it , ▁hon oured ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Count s ▁of ▁E bers berg ▁( G erman ▁Wikipedia ) ▁ ▁Will ir am ▁of ▁E bers berg ▁ ▁E bers berg ▁Mon aster y ▁( G erman ▁Wikipedia ) ▁ ▁References ▁ |
▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁R ainer ▁Beck : ▁E bers berg ▁oder ▁das ▁Ende ▁der ▁Wild nis . ▁Eine ▁Land schaft sg esch ichte . ▁Mun ich , ▁C . H . ▁Beck , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁( G erman ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : E bers berg ▁( d istrict ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Jo aqu ín ▁Tr inc ado ▁Mate o ▁was ▁a ▁Spanish ▁phil os opher . ▁He ▁founded ▁the ▁Mag net ical - Sp irit ual ▁School ▁of ▁Universal ▁Comm une ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁in ▁Buenos ▁Aires , ▁Argentina . ▁The ▁a cademy ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁" et ernal ▁and ▁continuous ▁life " ▁using ▁its ▁" Light ▁and ▁Tr uth ▁Spirit ism ". ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁his ▁philosophy , ▁Mag net ic - Sp irit ual ▁School ▁of ▁Universal ▁Comm une ▁is ▁the ▁direct ▁continu ation ▁of ▁the ▁H esen ▁School ▁founded ▁by ▁Mos es . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Mate o ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 8 6 6 , ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish ▁city ▁of ▁Cin tr uen igo ▁( prov ince ▁of ▁Navar ra ). ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁" working ▁class " ▁parents , ▁Ig na cio ▁Tr inc ado ▁Alf aro ▁and ▁Rom ual da ▁Mate o ▁de ▁Ay ala . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁for ▁about ▁eigh teen ▁months ▁at ▁a ▁Jes uit ▁school ▁and ▁later ▁studied ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁electric ian . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Esc uela ▁Mag net |
ico - Esp irit ual ▁de ▁la ▁Com una ▁Universal ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁Mate o ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁East ▁Jerusalem , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁received ▁by ▁the ▁guard ians ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁of ▁the ▁Ess enes ▁K áb ala ; ▁he ▁received ▁the ▁order ▁to ▁open ▁a ▁school , ▁intended ▁as ▁a ▁continu ation ▁of ▁the ▁K áb ala . ▁The ▁new ▁school ▁he ▁founded , ▁Esc uela ▁Mag net ico - Esp irit ual ▁de ▁la ▁Com una ▁Universal ▁( E ME C U ), ▁became ▁popular . ▁In ▁its ▁first ▁twenty - four ▁years , ▁ 1 8 4 ▁branches ▁opened ▁in ▁several ▁Spanish ▁provinces , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Cuba , ▁El ▁Salvador , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( US ), ▁Gu atem ala , ▁H ond uras , ▁Mexico , ▁Nic ar agua , ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁Santo ▁Dom ingo , ▁Uruguay ▁and ▁Venezuela . ▁For ▁administrative ▁operations , ▁the ▁schools ▁established ▁a ▁rig id ▁discipline , ▁govern ed ▁by ▁a ▁document ▁entitled , ▁" R ules ▁of ▁Pro cedure , ▁Stat utes , ▁Circ ular s ▁and ▁Articles ", ▁from ▁its ▁official ▁magazine , ▁La ▁Bal anza ▁(" The ▁Bal ance "). ▁The ▁document ▁describes ▁a ▁" person ality ", ▁where by ▁the ▁Civil ▁School ▁is ▁an ▁educational ▁institution ▁for ▁phil anth rop ic ▁and ▁cultural ▁studies , ▁with ▁own ▁met aph ys ical ▁and ▁scientific ▁methods . ▁ ▁Unity ▁for ▁Spanish ▁speak ers ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁writing ▁on ▁spirit ism , ▁Mate |
o ▁promoted ▁the ▁progress ▁and ▁unity ▁of ▁Spanish - spe aking ▁people . ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁he ▁developed ▁the ▁His pan ic - American - O cean ic ▁Union ▁( U HA O ), ▁symbol ized ▁by ▁a ▁flag ▁with ▁the ▁seven ▁colors ▁of ▁the ▁rain bow ▁and ▁the ▁Bas que ▁Oak ▁tree ▁of ▁Gu ern ica . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁he ▁founded ▁the ▁Organ ization ▁T emplo ▁Az ul ▁R acional ista ▁( O tar ), ▁for ▁scient ists ▁and ▁intellect uals , ▁and ▁then ▁the ▁" Circ le ▁Master ' s ▁Adv oc ate ", ▁a ▁sec ular ▁education ▁program , ▁where by ▁teachers ▁would ▁instruct ▁other ▁teachers . ▁ ▁Nic ar agu an ▁revolution ary ▁and ▁politician , ▁August o ▁César ▁Sand ino , ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best - known ▁follow ers ▁of ▁Mate o ' s ▁" L uz ▁y ▁Verd ad " ▁(" Light ▁and ▁Tr uth ") ▁manif esto ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁Col ony ▁Ja ime ▁( S anti ago ▁del ▁Est ero ) ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁Mate o ▁directed ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁Col ony ▁Ja ime ▁( ), ▁located ▁in ▁Rob les ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁province ▁of ▁Santiago ▁del ▁Est ero , ▁Argentina ; ▁the ▁Col ony ▁remained ▁in ▁existence ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁twenty |
- five ▁families , ▁consisting ▁of ▁sevent y - n ine ▁children , ▁te en agers ▁and ▁adult s , ▁are ▁the ▁Col ony ' s ▁residents . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁near ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Santiago ▁del ▁Est ero ▁( cap ital ▁of ▁the ▁province ). ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁Col ony ▁Ja ime ▁collabor ates ▁with ▁the ▁C ologne ▁Provin cial ▁Public ▁School ▁No . ▁ 6 6 7 ▁Pedro ▁Jur ic ich ▁( primary ▁and ▁secondary ▁E GB 3 ▁initial ▁level ), ▁which ▁works ▁with ▁many ▁children ▁from ▁the ▁area ▁who ▁attend ▁the ▁association . ▁ ▁Mate o ▁also ▁created ▁the ▁Col onia ▁Los ▁Libert adores . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁administration ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁Mate o ' s ▁death ▁on ▁December ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁left ▁director ship ▁duties ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁to ▁his ▁wife , ▁Maria ▁Mer cedes ▁R ig los ▁Cos is . ▁She ▁deleg ated ▁this ▁authority ▁to ▁their ▁el dest ▁son , ▁Juan ▁Tr inc ado ▁Don ato , ▁who ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁Work ▁Some ▁of ▁Mate o ' s ▁most ▁representative ▁texts ▁are : ▁▁ ▁Con ó c ete ▁a ▁ti ▁mismo ▁ ▁Ext rem es ▁Me et ▁ ▁Philosoph y ▁R ational ▁Aust ere ▁ ▁Spirit ist ▁Question naire ▁ ▁Spe ech ▁by ▁Bishop ▁St ross m ayer ▁ ▁Search ing ▁for ▁God ▁ ▁Five ▁Lov es ▁ ▁Pro phy la xis ▁of |
▁Life ▁ ▁Jesus ▁Man ▁not ▁God ▁ ▁Mag net ism ▁in ▁its ▁Origin ▁ ▁First ▁Ray ▁of ▁Light ▁ ▁The ▁True ▁Life ▁of ▁Mary ▁of ▁j er ico ▁ ▁Philosoph y ▁Universal ▁Encyclop edic ▁ ▁Al fa qui ▁V adem ec um ▁ ▁Spirit ism ▁Stud ied ▁ ▁He ▁wrote ▁ 4 2 ▁works ; ▁including ▁books ▁and ▁pam ph lets , ▁of ▁which ▁only ▁ 1 4 ▁were ▁printed , ▁ 3 2 ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁their ▁children . ▁These ▁include ▁the ▁continu ation ▁of ▁the ▁Code ▁of ▁Universal ▁Love ▁and ▁his ▁Aut obi ography . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Link ▁at ▁E ME ▁de ▁la ▁C U ▁Web ▁Site ▁ ▁Em ec u 1 7 8 . com / B ibli oteca ▁( All ▁works ▁of ▁Tr inc ado ) ▁ ▁Ex cell ent ▁fact ual ▁info ▁about ▁Jo aqu in ▁Tr ic ado ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Span ish ▁spiritual ▁writers ▁Category : C rit ics ▁of ▁relig ions <0x0A> </s> ▁V erner ▁Warren ▁Cla pp ▁( J une ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁– ▁June ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁li br arian ▁and ▁writer . ▁ ▁Cla pp ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁American ▁parents , ▁who ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁US ▁after ▁his ▁birth ▁in ▁Johannes burg , ▁South ▁Africa . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Connecticut |
, ▁he ▁studied ▁philosophy ▁at ▁Harvard ▁University . ▁From ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁Cla pp ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁chief ▁assistant ▁li br arian ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁Cla pp ▁played ▁a ▁significant ▁role ▁in ▁both ▁issues ▁of ▁loyal ty ▁o ath s ▁and ▁micro fil ming ▁of ▁materials ▁at ▁the ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Library ▁Mission ▁to ▁Japan . ▁He ▁also ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁on ▁Library ▁Resources ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 7 . ▁ ▁Cla pp ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Dor othy ▁De vere aux ▁L add ▁Cla pp ▁( Se ptember ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 0 1 – A pril ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 3 ). ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ors ▁▁ 1 9 6 0 - ▁Li pp inc ott ▁Award ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁Library ▁Association ▁for ▁distinguished ▁service ▁to ▁the ▁profession ▁of ▁li br ari ans hip . ▁▁ 1 9 6 7 - H on or ary ▁M emb ership . ▁American ▁Library ▁Association . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Cla pp ▁Collection ▁at ▁Japan ' s ▁National ▁Diet ▁Library ▁▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁- ▁ ▁Cla pp ▁was ▁decor ated ▁with ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Sac red ▁Tre asure , ▁Gold ▁and ▁Silver |
▁Star ▁( K un - N ito ▁Z ui hos ho ) ▁by ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁Japan ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁The ▁story ▁of ▁permanent / d urable ▁book - paper , ▁ 1 1 1 5 - 1 9 7 0 . ▁( R estaur ator ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 7 2 ) ▁▁ ▁The ▁Future ▁of ▁the ▁Research ▁Library ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁Illinois ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁ ▁Copy right : ▁A ▁L ibr arian ' s ▁View ▁Washington , ▁Copy right ▁Committee , ▁Association ▁of ▁Research ▁L ibr aries , ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁University ▁library ▁and ▁the ▁wise ▁man : ▁addresses ▁by ▁The odore ▁R . ▁McK eld in ▁and ▁V erner ▁W . ▁Cla pp . ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁ ▁Current ▁tr ends ▁in ▁libraries ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁government ▁Edit ors : ▁V erner ▁W . ▁Cla pp ▁and ▁Scott ▁Adams . ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁Constitution ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ; ▁an ▁account ▁of ▁its ▁travel s ▁since ▁September ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 7 8 7 , ▁with ▁David ▁Ch amb ers ▁M ear ns . ▁U . S . ▁Government ▁Print ing ▁Office , ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress ▁Profile ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Har vard ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category |
: American ▁li br ari ans ▁Category : L ibr ari ans ▁at ▁the ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress ▁Category : Tr inity ▁College ▁( Connect icut ) ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁professional ▁wrest ling ▁tour ▁co - produ ced ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor ▁( RO H ) ▁and ▁Japanese ▁New ▁Japan ▁Pro - W rest ling ▁( N J P W ) ▁prom ot ions . ▁The ▁tour ' s ▁four ▁events ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁May ▁ 7 ▁at ▁the ▁Ted ▁Re e ve ▁Arena ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario , ▁May ▁ 1 0 ▁at ▁the ▁Ford ▁Community ▁& ▁Perform ing ▁Arts ▁Center ▁in ▁D ear born , ▁Michigan , ▁May ▁ 1 2 ▁at ▁the ▁Ham mer stein ▁Ball room ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁May ▁ 1 4 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 3 0 0 ▁Arena ▁in ▁Philadelphia , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁The ▁third ▁night ▁a ired ▁live ▁on ▁pay - per - view ▁( PP V ), ▁while ▁the ▁fourth ▁night ▁was ▁t aped ▁for ▁four ▁future ▁episodes , ▁including ▁the ▁ 3 0 0 th ▁overall ▁episode , ▁of ▁RO H ' s ▁week ly ▁television ▁program , ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor ▁Wrestling . ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁was ▁the ▁fourth ▁year ▁in ▁which ▁RO H ▁and ▁N J P W ▁co - produ ced ▁events ▁under ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁name . ▁During ▁the ▁third ▁night ▁of ▁the ▁tour , ▁N J |
P W ▁announced ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁I W GP ▁United ▁States ▁He avy weight ▁Championship . ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁Background ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Japanese ▁promotion ▁New ▁Japan ▁Pro - W rest ling ▁( N J P W ) ▁and ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor ▁( RO H ) ▁formally ▁for ged ▁a ▁relationship , ▁which ▁saw ▁them ▁present ▁the ▁first ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁show ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁at ▁the ▁Ham mer stein ▁Ball room ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁was ▁held ▁over ▁two ▁days ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 3 0 0 ▁Arena ▁in ▁Philadelphia , ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁it ▁was ▁expanded ▁to ▁a ▁three - show ▁tour ▁with ▁shows ▁taking ▁place ▁in ▁D ear born , ▁Michigan , ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario ▁and ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁tour ▁was ▁officially ▁announced ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁when ▁RO H ▁put ▁tick ets ▁on ▁sale ▁for ▁the ▁events . ▁At ▁that ▁point , ▁RO H ▁announced ▁a ▁three - show ▁tour ▁with ▁events ▁taking ▁place ▁on ▁May ▁ 7 ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁May ▁ 1 0 ▁in ▁D ear born ▁and ▁May ▁ 1 4 ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁with ▁rum ors ▁of ▁a ▁fourth ▁show ▁to ▁be ▁added ▁later . ▁The ▁fourth ▁show , ▁taking ▁place ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 2 |
▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁was ▁officially ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁tour ▁in ▁March . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁show ▁would ▁air ▁on ▁pay - per - view ▁( PP V ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁F ITE ▁TV ▁application , ▁Play Station ▁Network ▁and ▁RO H W rest ling . com . ▁In ▁Japan , ▁the ▁show ▁would ▁also ▁air ▁live ▁on ▁N J P W ' s ▁internet ▁streaming ▁site , ▁N J P W ▁World . ▁These ▁would ▁mark ▁the ▁fourth ▁annual ▁shows ▁co - prom oted ▁by ▁N J P W ▁and ▁RO H . ▁ ▁RO H ▁began ▁announ cing ▁the ▁N J P W ▁wrest lers ▁for ▁the ▁tour ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 7 , ▁starting ▁with ▁I W GP ▁Inter cont inental ▁Champion ▁T ets u ya ▁N ait o ▁and ▁K ush ida . ▁RO H ▁wrest lers ▁announced ▁for ▁the ▁tour ▁included ▁RO H ▁World ▁Champion ▁Christopher ▁Daniel s , ▁RO H ▁World ▁Television ▁Champion ▁Mart y ▁Sc ur ll , ▁RO H ▁World ▁Six - Man ▁Tag ▁Team ▁Champions ▁Bul ly ▁Ray ▁and ▁The ▁Br is co es ▁( J ay ▁Br is co e ▁and ▁Mark ▁Br is co e ), ▁Dal ton ▁Castle ▁and ▁Jay ▁L eth al ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁RO H ▁World ▁Tag ▁Team ▁Champions ▁The ▁Young ▁Buck s ▁( M att ▁Jackson ▁and ▁Nick ▁Jackson ), ▁C ody ▁and ▁Will ▁O spre ay , ▁who ▁work ▁for ▁both ▁N J P W ▁and ▁RO H . ▁Over |
▁the ▁following ▁days , ▁RO H ▁continued ▁announ cing ▁additional ▁N J P W ▁wrest lers ▁for ▁the ▁tour , ▁including ▁H iro oki ▁G oto , ▁the ▁Los ▁In go bern ables ▁de ▁Japon ▁tri o ▁of ▁Bush i , ▁Ev il ▁and ▁San ada ▁Ged o , ▁and ▁H iro sh i ▁Tan ah ashi . ▁Also ▁announced ▁was ▁Ken ny ▁Om ega , ▁who ▁would , ▁however , ▁only ▁work ▁the ▁Toronto ▁show . ▁ ▁Story lines ▁The ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁tour ▁featured ▁professional ▁wrest ling ▁matches ▁that ▁involved ▁different ▁wrest lers ▁from ▁pre - ex isting ▁script ed ▁fe ud s ▁and ▁story lines . ▁Wrest lers ▁port rayed ▁villa ins , ▁hero es , ▁or ▁less ▁distinguish able ▁characters ▁in ▁the ▁script ed ▁events ▁that ▁built ▁t ension ▁and ▁cul min ated ▁in ▁a ▁wrest ling ▁match ▁or ▁series ▁of ▁matches . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 4 , ▁RO H ▁announced ▁the ▁first ▁match ▁for ▁the ▁tour , ▁which ▁would ▁see ▁Christopher ▁Daniel s ▁defend ▁the ▁RO H ▁World ▁Championship ▁against ▁Matt ▁T aven ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 0 . ▁T aven ▁earned ▁a ▁title ▁shot ▁by ▁winning ▁the ▁Honor ▁Roy ale ▁on ▁March ▁ 4 , ▁announ cing ▁shortly ▁there after ▁his ▁intention ▁of ▁challeng ing ▁Daniel s ▁on ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁tour . ▁Daniel s ▁and ▁T aven ▁had ▁a ▁history ▁involving ▁the ▁RO H ▁World ▁Tag ▁Team ▁Championship ▁with ▁T aven ▁and ▁Michael ▁Ben nett ▁winning ▁the ▁title ▁from |
▁Daniel s ▁and ▁Frank ie ▁Kaz arian ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁The ▁D ear born ▁show ▁would ▁also ▁feature ▁a ▁match ▁for ▁the ▁RO H ▁World ▁Six - Man ▁Tag ▁Team ▁Championship ▁with ▁def ending ▁champions , ▁Bul ly ▁Ray ▁and ▁The ▁Br is co es , ▁def ending ▁against ▁N J P W ' s ▁reign ing ▁NE VER ▁Open weight ▁ 6 - Man ▁Tag ▁Team ▁Champions ▁Los ▁In go bern ables ▁de ▁Japon ▁( B ush i , ▁Ev il ▁and ▁San ada ). ▁ ▁The ▁May ▁ 1 2 ▁show ▁would ▁be ▁main ▁event ed ▁by ▁the ▁RO H ▁World ▁Championship ▁being ▁cont ested ▁in ▁a ▁three - way ▁match ▁with ▁Daniel s ▁def ending ▁against ▁C ody ▁and ▁Jay ▁L eth al . ▁C ody ' s ▁challenge ▁had ▁been ▁accepted ▁by ▁Daniel s ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁match ▁with ▁T aven , ▁while ▁L eth al ▁earned ▁a ▁spot ▁in ▁the ▁match ▁on ▁April ▁ 8 ▁by ▁winning ▁a ▁four - way ▁match , ▁also ▁involving ▁H ang man ▁Page , ▁Jay ▁White ▁and ▁Sil as ▁Young . ▁C ody ▁and ▁L eth al ▁had ▁been ▁fe ud ing ▁with ▁each ▁other ▁in ▁the ▁months ▁prior ▁to ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁with ▁L eth al ▁defe ating ▁C ody ▁in ▁a ▁Texas ▁b ull ro pe ▁match ▁at ▁Super card ▁of ▁Honor ▁XI . ▁Other ▁title ▁matches ▁would ▁include ▁Mart y ▁Sc ur ll ▁def ending ▁the ▁RO H ▁World ▁Television ▁Championship ▁against ▁Matt |
▁Syd al ▁and ▁Bul ly ▁Ray ▁and ▁The ▁Br is co es ▁def ending ▁the ▁RO H ▁World ▁Six - Man ▁Tag ▁Team ▁Championship ▁against ▁the ▁Cha os ▁tri o ▁of ▁Ber etta , ▁H iro oki ▁G oto ▁and ▁Rock y ▁Rom ero . ▁ ▁The ▁tour ▁con cluding ▁Philadelphia ▁show ▁would ▁be ▁head lined ▁by ▁a ▁Philadelphia ▁Street ▁Fight ▁between ▁Adam ▁Cole ▁and ▁Mart y ▁Sc ur ll . ▁Cole ' s ▁RO H ▁contract ▁had ▁exp ired ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁show ▁would ▁be ▁his ▁final ▁scheduled ▁appearance ▁for ▁the ▁promotion . ▁RO H ▁set ▁up ▁the ▁story line ▁behind ▁the ▁match ▁at ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁show , ▁where ▁the ▁Bul let ▁Club ▁stable ▁turned ▁on ▁Cole ▁and ▁replaced ▁him ▁with ▁Sc ur ll . ▁Ear lier ▁in ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁show , ▁Cole ▁cost ▁Sc ur ll ▁the ▁RO H ▁World ▁Television ▁Championship ▁in ▁his ▁match ▁against ▁K ush ida , ▁leading ▁to ▁the ▁main ▁event ▁street ▁fight . ▁Instead ▁of ▁being ▁t aped ▁for ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor ▁Wrestling , ▁the ▁main ▁event ▁was ▁t aped ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁later ▁on ▁RO H ' s ▁official ▁website . ▁ ▁After math ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁RO H ▁announced ▁a ▁second ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁tour , ▁entitled ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁UK , ▁this ▁time ▁taking ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁for ▁which ▁RO H ▁and ▁N J P W ▁were |
▁joined ▁by ▁the ▁Mexican ▁Conse jo ▁Mundial ▁de ▁L ucha ▁Lib re ▁( C ML L ) ▁and ▁the ▁British ▁Revolution ▁Pro ▁Wrestling ▁( R P W ) ▁prom ot ions . ▁The ▁three ▁shows ▁take ▁place ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 8 ▁in ▁London , ▁August ▁ 1 9 ▁in ▁Liverpool ▁and ▁August ▁ 2 0 ▁in ▁Edinburgh . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Night ▁ 1 ▁ ▁Night ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Night ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Night ▁ 4 ▁( TV ▁T ap ings ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Professional ▁wrest ling ▁in ▁Canada ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁New ▁Japan ▁Pro - W rest ling ▁website ▁ ▁Official ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁professional ▁wrest ling ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Category : Pro f essional ▁wrest ling ▁in ▁Toronto ▁Category : May ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁events ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁Category : Pro f essional ▁wrest ling ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Pro f essional ▁wrest ling ▁in ▁D ear born , ▁Michigan ▁Category : Pro f essional ▁wrest ling ▁in ▁Philadelphia <0x0A> </s> ▁Am ant is ▁test ace a ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁pray ing ▁mant is ▁native ▁to ▁India . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁test ace a ▁Category : M ant ode a ▁of ▁Asia ▁Category : In sect s ▁of ▁India ▁Category : In sect s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Ig na cio ▁Bol í var <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁Champ agne |
▁M oj ito ▁Is ▁The ▁Last ▁Th ing ▁I ▁O wn ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁novel ▁by ▁Irish ▁journalist ▁and ▁author ▁Paul ▁Howard , ▁and ▁the ▁sevent h ▁in ▁the ▁Ross ▁O ' Car roll - K elly ▁series . ▁It ▁coinc ided ▁with ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁Post - 2 0 0 8 ▁Irish ▁economic ▁dow nt urn ▁and ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁play ▁about ▁Ross , ▁The ▁Last ▁Days ▁of ▁the ▁C elt ic ▁T iger . ▁ ▁Title ▁The ▁title ▁is ▁a ▁reference ▁to ▁Jonathan ▁R end all ' s ▁novel ▁This ▁Blo ody ▁Mary ▁( Is ▁the ▁Last ▁Th ing ▁I ▁O wn ). ▁A ▁champ agne ▁M oj ito ▁is ▁a ▁co ck tail ▁made ▁with ▁spe arm int , ▁rum , ▁sugar , ▁l ime ▁and ▁champ agne , ▁which ▁Ross ▁purch ases ▁with ▁his ▁last ▁€ 2 0 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁Ross ' s ▁father ▁Charles ▁is ▁imprison ed , ▁Ross ▁is ▁forced ▁to ▁work ▁for ▁a ▁living ▁as ▁the ▁economic ▁crash ▁coinc ides ▁with ▁his ▁father ' s ▁down fall , ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Sor cha ▁leaves ▁him . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁The ▁book ▁was ▁a ▁best s eller . ▁ ▁This ▁Champ agne ▁M oj ito ▁Is ▁The ▁Last ▁Th ing ▁I ▁O wn ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Popular ▁F iction ▁award ▁at ▁the ▁Irish ▁Book ▁Awards . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁Irish ▁nov els ▁Category : P engu in ▁Books ▁books ▁Category : |
R oss ▁O ' Car roll - K elly <0x0A> </s> ▁United ▁States ▁app ell ate ▁procedure ▁involves ▁the ▁rules ▁and ▁reg ulations ▁for ▁fil ing ▁appe als ▁in ▁state ▁courts ▁and ▁federal ▁courts . ▁The ▁nature ▁of ▁an ▁appeal ▁can ▁vary ▁greatly ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁type ▁of ▁case ▁and ▁the ▁rules ▁of ▁the ▁court ▁in ▁the ▁juris diction ▁where ▁the ▁case ▁was ▁pro sec uted . ▁There ▁are ▁many ▁types ▁of ▁standard ▁of ▁review ▁for ▁appe als , ▁such ▁as ▁de ▁nov o ▁and ▁ab use ▁of ▁dis cret ion . ▁However , ▁most ▁appe als ▁begin ▁when ▁a ▁party ▁files ▁a ▁pet ition ▁for ▁review ▁to ▁a ▁higher ▁court ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁over turn ing ▁the ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁decision . ▁ ▁An ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁is ▁a ▁court ▁that ▁he ars ▁cases ▁on ▁appeal ▁from ▁another ▁court . ▁Depending ▁on ▁the ▁particular ▁legal ▁rules ▁that ▁apply ▁to ▁each ▁circumst ance , ▁a ▁party ▁to ▁a ▁court ▁case ▁who ▁is ▁unh appy ▁with ▁the ▁result ▁might ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁challenge ▁that ▁result ▁in ▁an ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁on ▁specific ▁grounds . ▁These ▁grounds ▁typically ▁could ▁include ▁errors ▁of ▁law , ▁fact , ▁procedure ▁or ▁due ▁process . ▁In ▁different ▁juris dict ions , ▁app ell ate ▁courts ▁are ▁also ▁called ▁appe als ▁courts , ▁courts ▁of ▁appe als , ▁superior ▁courts , ▁or ▁supre me ▁courts . ▁ ▁The ▁specific ▁procedures ▁for ▁appe aling , ▁including ▁even ▁whether ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁right ▁of ▁appeal ▁from ▁a ▁particular |
▁type ▁of ▁decision , ▁can ▁vary ▁greatly ▁from ▁state ▁to ▁state . ▁The ▁right ▁to ▁file ▁an ▁appeal ▁can ▁also ▁vary ▁from ▁state ▁to ▁state ; ▁for ▁example , ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Constitution ▁v ests ▁jud icial ▁power ▁in ▁a ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁a ▁Super ior ▁Court , ▁and ▁other ▁courts ▁of ▁limited ▁juris diction , ▁with ▁an ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁being ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Super ior ▁Court . ▁ ▁Access ▁to ▁app ell ant ▁status ▁A ▁party ▁who ▁files ▁an ▁appeal ▁is ▁called ▁an ▁" app ell ant ", ▁" pla int iff ▁in ▁error ", ▁" pet ition er " ▁or ▁" p urs uer ", ▁and ▁a ▁party ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁side ▁is ▁called ▁an ▁" app elle e ". ▁A ▁" cross - appe al " ▁is ▁an ▁appeal ▁brought ▁by ▁the ▁respond ent . ▁For ▁example , ▁suppose ▁at ▁trial ▁the ▁judge ▁found ▁for ▁the ▁pla int iff ▁and ▁ordered ▁the ▁def endant ▁to ▁pay ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁If ▁the ▁def endant ▁files ▁an ▁appeal ▁arg uing ▁that ▁he ▁should ▁not ▁have ▁to ▁pay ▁any ▁money , ▁then ▁the ▁pla int iff ▁might ▁file ▁a ▁cross - appe al ▁arg uing ▁that ▁the ▁def endant ▁should ▁have ▁to ▁pay ▁$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁instead ▁of ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁app ell ant ▁is ▁the ▁party ▁who , ▁having ▁lost ▁part ▁or ▁all ▁their ▁claim ▁in ▁a ▁lower ▁court ▁decision , ▁is ▁appe |
aling ▁to ▁a ▁higher ▁court ▁to ▁have ▁their ▁case ▁re cons ider ed . ▁This ▁is ▁usually ▁done ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁that ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁judge ▁er red ▁in ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁law , ▁but ▁it ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁possible ▁to ▁appeal ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁court ▁mis con duct , ▁or ▁that ▁a ▁finding ▁of ▁fact ▁was ▁entirely ▁un reason able ▁to ▁make ▁on ▁the ▁evidence . ▁ ▁The ▁app ell ant ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁case ▁can ▁be ▁either ▁the ▁pla int iff ▁( or ▁claim ant ), ▁def endant , ▁third - party ▁interven or , ▁or ▁respond ent ▁( app elle e ) ▁from ▁the ▁lower ▁case , ▁depending ▁on ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁losing ▁party . ▁The ▁winning ▁party ▁from ▁the ▁lower ▁court , ▁however , ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁respond ent . ▁In ▁unusual ▁cases ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁can ▁be ▁the ▁vict or ▁in ▁the ▁court ▁below , ▁but ▁still ▁appeal . ▁ ▁An ▁app elle e ▁is ▁the ▁party ▁to ▁an ▁appeal ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁judgment ▁was ▁in ▁its ▁favor . ▁The ▁app elle e ▁is ▁required ▁to ▁respond ▁to ▁the ▁pet ition , ▁or al ▁arguments , ▁and ▁legal ▁brief s ▁of ▁the ▁app ell ant . ▁In ▁general , ▁the ▁app elle e ▁takes ▁the ▁proced ural ▁post ure ▁that ▁the ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁decision ▁should ▁be ▁aff ir med . ▁ ▁Ab ility ▁to ▁appeal ▁An ▁appeal ▁" as ▁of ▁right " ▁is ▁one ▁that ▁is ▁guaranteed ▁by ▁stat ute ▁or ▁some |
▁underlying ▁constitution al ▁or ▁legal ▁principle . ▁ ▁The ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁cannot ▁refuse ▁to ▁listen ▁to ▁the ▁appeal . ▁ ▁An ▁appeal ▁" by ▁leave " ▁or ▁" permission " ▁requires ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁to ▁obtain ▁leave ▁to ▁appeal ; ▁in ▁such ▁a ▁situation ▁either ▁or ▁both ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁and ▁the ▁court ▁may ▁have ▁the ▁dis cret ion ▁to ▁grant ▁or ▁refuse ▁the ▁app ell ant ' s ▁demand ▁to ▁appeal ▁the ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁decision . ▁In ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁review ▁in ▁most ▁cases ▁is ▁available ▁only ▁if ▁the ▁Court ▁exer cis es ▁its ▁dis cret ion ▁and ▁gr ants ▁a ▁writ ▁of ▁cert ior ari . ▁ ▁In ▁tort , ▁equ ity , ▁or ▁other ▁civil ▁matters ▁either ▁party ▁to ▁a ▁previous ▁case ▁may ▁file ▁an ▁appeal . ▁ ▁In ▁criminal ▁matters , ▁however , ▁the ▁state ▁or ▁pro sec ution ▁generally ▁has ▁no ▁appeal ▁" as ▁of ▁right ". ▁ ▁And ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁double ▁je op ard y ▁principle , ▁the ▁state ▁or ▁pro sec ution ▁may ▁never ▁appeal ▁a ▁j ury ▁or ▁ben ch ▁ver dict ▁of ▁acqu itt al . ▁ ▁But ▁in ▁some ▁juris dict ions , ▁the ▁state ▁or ▁pro sec ution ▁may ▁appeal ▁" as ▁of ▁right " ▁from ▁a ▁trial ▁court ' s ▁dismiss al ▁of ▁an ▁ind ict ment ▁in ▁whole ▁or ▁in ▁part ▁or ▁from ▁a ▁trial ▁court ' s ▁grant ing ▁of ▁a ▁def endant ' s ▁supp ression ▁motion . ▁ ▁Like |
wise , ▁in ▁some ▁juris dict ions , ▁the ▁state ▁or ▁pro sec ution ▁may ▁appeal ▁an ▁issue ▁of ▁law ▁" by ▁leave " ▁from ▁the ▁trial ▁court ▁or ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court . ▁ ▁The ▁ability ▁of ▁the ▁pro sec ution ▁to ▁appeal ▁a ▁decision ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁a ▁def endant ▁var ies ▁significantly ▁intern ation ally . ▁All ▁parties ▁must ▁present ▁grounds ▁to ▁appeal , ▁or ▁it ▁will ▁not ▁be ▁heard . ▁ ▁By ▁convention ▁in ▁some ▁law ▁reports , ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁is ▁named ▁first . ▁ ▁This ▁can ▁mean ▁that ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁def endant ▁who ▁appe als , ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁case ▁in ▁the ▁law ▁reports ▁revers es ▁( in ▁some ▁cases ▁twice ) ▁as ▁the ▁appe als ▁work ▁their ▁way ▁up ▁the ▁court ▁hierarchy . ▁This ▁is ▁not ▁always ▁true , ▁however . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁federal ▁courts , ▁the ▁parties ' ▁names ▁always ▁stay ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁order ▁as ▁the ▁lower ▁court ▁when ▁an ▁appeal ▁is ▁taken ▁to ▁the ▁circuit ▁courts ▁of ▁appe als , ▁and ▁are ▁re - ordered ▁only ▁if ▁the ▁appeal ▁reaches ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court . ▁ ▁Direct ▁or ▁coll ater al : ▁App e aling ▁criminal ▁conv ict ions ▁Many ▁juris dict ions ▁recognize ▁two ▁types ▁of ▁appe als , ▁particularly ▁in ▁the ▁criminal ▁context . ▁The ▁first ▁is ▁the ▁traditional ▁" direct " ▁appeal ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁files ▁an ▁appeal ▁with ▁the ▁next ▁higher ▁court ▁of ▁review . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁is ▁the ▁coll |
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