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▁the ▁H mong ▁D ias por a ". ▁" Act s ▁of ▁Bet ray al : ▁Per secut ion ▁of ▁H mong ", ▁by ▁Michael ▁John s , ▁National ▁Review , ▁October ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁Category : Rel igious ▁organizations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁Th am ▁Kr ab ok ▁Category : B udd hist ▁c aves ▁in ▁Thailand ▁Category : H mong ▁Category : Add iction ▁organizations ▁in ▁Thailand <0x0A> </s> ▁Case ▁roles , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁work ▁by ▁Fill more ▁( 1 9 6 7 ), ▁are ▁the ▁sem antic ▁roles ▁of ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁the ▁synt actic ▁structures ▁that ▁contain ▁these ▁n oun ▁phrases . ▁The ▁term ▁case ▁role ▁is ▁most ▁widely ▁used ▁for ▁purely ▁sem antic ▁relations , ▁including ▁the ta ▁roles ▁and ▁them atic ▁roles , ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁independent ▁of ▁the ▁morph o - sy ntax . ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁case ▁roles ▁is ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁larger ▁notion ▁of ▁Case ▁( with ▁a ▁capital ▁letter ▁C ) ▁which ▁is ▁defined ▁as ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁mark ing ▁dependent ▁n oun s ▁for ▁the ▁type ▁of ▁sem antic ▁or ▁synt actic ▁relationship ▁they ▁bear ▁to ▁their ▁heads . ▁Case ▁tradition ally ▁refers ▁to ▁inf lection al ▁mark ing . ▁ ▁The ▁relationships ▁between ▁n oun s ▁and ▁their ▁containing ▁structures ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁both ▁synt actic ▁and ▁sem antic ▁value . ▁The ▁synt actic ▁pos itional ▁relationships ▁between ▁forms ▁in ▁sentences ▁varies ▁cross - ling u
istically ▁and ▁allows ▁gr amm arians ▁to ▁observe ▁sem antic ▁values ▁in ▁these ▁n oun s ▁by ▁exam ining ▁their ▁synt actic ▁values . ▁Using ▁these ▁sem antic ▁values ▁gives ▁the ▁base ▁for ▁considering ▁case ▁role ▁in ▁a ▁specific ▁language . ▁ ▁Case ▁theory ▁includes , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁its ▁inventory ▁of ▁structural ▁cases , ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁le x ical ▁cases ▁that ▁are ▁assigned ▁at ▁deep - structure ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ta ▁role ▁assignment . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁its ▁relation ▁to ▁Case ▁( case ▁based ▁on ▁synt actic ▁structures ), ▁these ▁sem antic ▁not ions ▁of ▁case ▁role ▁are ▁closely ▁related ▁to ▁morph ological ▁case ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁In ventory ▁of ▁case ▁roles ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁list ▁of ▁case ▁roles ▁are ▁frequently ▁distinguished ▁in ▁literature , ▁but ▁are ▁by ▁no ▁means ▁an ▁exhaust ive ▁list ▁since ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁consensus ▁on ▁the ▁universal ▁inventory ▁of ▁roles , ▁nor ▁a ▁universal ▁agreement ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁correct ▁assignment ▁of ▁constitu ents ▁to ▁roles . ▁ ▁Early ▁contributions ▁to ▁case ▁role ▁ ▁Roman ▁Jak ob son ' s ▁work ▁on ▁Case ▁Role ▁in ▁Russian ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁article ▁on ▁the ▁case ▁system ▁of ▁Russian , ▁Roman ▁Jak ob son ▁( 1 9 5 8 ) ▁closely ▁exam ines ▁case ▁assignment ▁and ▁arg ues ▁for ▁a ▁feature ▁decomposition ▁of ▁case ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁sem antic ▁consider ations . ▁Jak ob son ▁( 1 9 5 8 ) ▁proposed ▁a ▁ 3 - feature ▁binary ▁case ▁system ▁for ▁Russian ▁case ▁which ▁includes ▁the
▁following : ▁[ ± m arg inal , ▁± quant ifying , ▁± ascript ive ] ▁( where ▁the ▁negative ▁value ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁un mark ed ). ▁The ▁term ▁' m arg inal ', ▁distingu ishes ▁the ▁direct ▁and ▁non - direct ▁cases . ▁Only ▁the ▁[- M arg inal ] ▁cases ▁may ▁occur ▁in ▁subject ▁and ▁object ▁position . ▁' Quant ifying ' ▁indicates ▁the ▁relev ance ▁of ▁the ▁extent ▁to ▁which ▁the ▁n oun ▁is ▁a ▁participant ▁in ▁the ▁event . ▁' A script ive ' ▁puts ▁emphasis ▁on ▁direction ality . ▁ ▁Jak ob son ▁considers ▁case ▁to ▁be ▁bund les ▁of ▁these ▁three ▁features ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁to ▁morph ological ▁cases ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁way : ▁ ▁He ▁uses ▁these ▁decom posed ▁case ▁features ▁to ▁account ▁for ▁the ▁case ▁altern ations ▁in ▁subject ▁and ▁object ▁position . ▁Additionally , ▁he ▁also ▁arg ues ▁for ▁how ▁there ▁should ▁be ▁a ▁universal ▁inventory ▁of ▁case ▁roles . ▁Fill more ' s ▁work ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁on ▁case ▁role ▁closely ▁follows ▁up ▁on ▁these ▁ideas ▁and ▁contributions ▁by ▁Jak ob son . ▁ ▁Mult iple ▁case ▁roles ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁theory ▁that ▁multiple ▁case ▁roles ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁to ▁n oun ▁phrases . ▁The ▁reasons ▁for ▁having ▁more ▁than ▁one ▁case ▁role ▁is ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁differences ▁in ▁the ▁sentences ’ ▁sem antic ▁effects . ▁B hat ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁proposed ▁that ▁the ▁speaker ▁of ▁a ▁language ▁would ▁have ▁the ▁option ▁of
▁assign ing ▁any ▁single ▁case ▁role ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁multiple ▁case ▁role ▁altern ations ▁available ▁in ▁a ▁given ▁context . ▁This ▁is ▁not ▁done ▁by ▁a ▁transform ational ▁rule , ▁but ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁deep ▁structure ▁representations ▁( the ▁core ▁sem antic ▁relations ▁of ▁the ▁sentence ). ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Examples ▁▁▁ ▁( 1 a ) ▁\|\| ▁John ▁sp rayed ▁the ▁wall ▁with ▁paint . ▁▁▁ ▁( 1 b ) ▁\|\| John ▁sp rayed ▁paint ▁on ▁the ▁wall . ▁ ▁In ▁comparing ▁sentences ▁( 1 a ) ▁and ▁( 1 b ), ▁it ▁demonstr ates ▁that ▁the ▁surface ▁structure ▁representation ▁for ▁each ▁sentence ▁( the ▁structure ▁following ▁the ▁ph on ological ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁sentence ) ▁is ▁different . ▁However , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁account ▁for ▁the ▁meaning ▁dist in ctions ▁that ▁exist ▁in ▁( 1 a ) ▁and ▁( 1 b ), ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁these ▁dist in ctions ▁are ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁differences ▁in ▁the ▁deep ▁structures ▁of ▁each ▁sentence ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁resolved ▁by ▁assign ing ▁a ▁different ▁case ▁role ▁to ▁the ▁N P . ▁With ▁" p aint " ▁acting ▁as ▁an ▁instrument , ▁and ▁" the ▁wall " ▁being ▁the ▁location , ▁sentence ▁( 1 a ) ▁might ▁infer ▁that ▁all ▁the ▁paint ▁was ▁used , ▁but ▁that ▁not ▁necessarily ▁all ▁the ▁wall ▁was ▁covered . ▁S ent ence ▁( 1 b ) ▁might ▁imply ▁that ▁the ▁whole ▁wall ▁is ▁covered , ▁but ▁that ▁John ▁did ▁not ▁use ▁all ▁the ▁paint ▁he ▁had ▁available ▁to ▁him . ▁This
▁analysis ▁supports ▁how ▁N Ps ▁can ▁have ▁multiple ▁case ▁roles . ▁ ▁Fill more ' s ▁alternative ▁theory ▁ ▁Con vers ely , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁suggested ▁by ▁Fill more ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁that ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁sentences ▁following ▁the ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁above ▁examples , ▁the ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁are ▁not ▁assigned ▁multiple ▁case ▁roles , ▁but ▁instead ▁retain ▁the ▁same ▁case ▁roles ▁in ▁both ▁sentences ▁(' in strument ' ▁for ▁paint , ▁and ▁' location ' ▁for ▁wall ). ▁The ▁difference ▁in ▁meaning , ▁then , ▁is ▁attributed ▁to ▁a ▁transformation ▁that ▁takes ▁both ▁identical ▁deep ▁structures ▁and ▁cho oses ▁the ▁direct ▁object ▁as ▁it ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁surface ▁form . ▁▁ ▁This ▁allows ▁for ▁the ▁basic ▁similar ity ▁in ▁the ▁sentence ▁pairs , ▁as ▁the ▁event ▁taking ▁place ▁within ▁them ▁is ▁essentially ▁the ▁same . ▁What ▁diff ers ▁is ▁the ▁surface ▁structure ' s ▁sem antic ▁meaning , ▁which ▁while ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁case ▁role ▁of ▁the ▁n oun ▁phrases , ▁can ▁be ▁proven ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁transformation ▁that ▁occurred ▁between ▁the ▁deep ▁structure ▁and ▁surface ▁structure . ▁ ▁Both ▁theories ▁account ▁for ▁sem antic ▁meaning , ▁with ▁B hat ▁allowing ▁for ▁n oun s ▁to ▁contain ▁multiple ▁sem antic ▁mean ings ▁through ▁multiple ▁case ▁roles , ▁and ▁Fill more ▁maintaining ▁the ▁single ▁case ▁role ▁assignment ▁theory ▁but ▁re - int rodu cing ▁sem antic ▁transform ations . ▁ ▁Examples ▁in ▁K ann ada ▁ ▁K ann ada ▁( a ▁language ▁spoken ▁in ▁India
▁with ▁over t ▁usage ▁of ▁case ▁in ▁its ▁suffix es ) ▁aff ords ▁some ▁good ▁evidence ▁of ▁how ▁multiple ▁case ▁roles ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁to ▁N Ps ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁two ▁examples : ▁( 1 ) ▁how ▁N Ps ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁either ▁Object ▁or ▁Location ▁case ▁roles , ▁and ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁how ▁N Ps ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁either ▁Agent ▁or ▁Exper i encer ▁case ▁roles . ▁ ▁Ev idence ▁for ▁multiple ▁case ▁roles ▁demonstrated ▁in ▁K ann ada : ▁N Ps ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁either ▁Object ▁or ▁Location ▁case ▁roles . ▁Ev idence ▁is ▁found ▁from ▁the ▁meaning ▁dist in ctions ▁of ▁exhaust iveness : ▁▁▁▁ ▁Examples ▁▁ ▁( 2 a ) ▁\|\| bek ku ▁mar av ann u ▁h att itu ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁cat ( nom ) ▁tree ( acc ) ▁climbed ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁" The ▁cat ▁climbed ▁the ▁tree ." ▁▁ ▁( 2 b ) ▁\|\| ▁bek ku ▁mar ak ke ▁h att itu ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁cat ( nom ) ▁tree ( dat ) ▁climbed ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁" The ▁cat ▁climbed ▁to ▁the ▁tree ." ▁ ▁( 2 a ) ▁implies ▁that ▁the ▁cat ▁climbed ▁the ▁tree ▁from ▁the ▁ground ▁itself , ▁whereas ▁ ▁( 2 b ) ▁has ▁no ▁such ▁im plication . ▁The ▁common ▁feature ▁of ▁these ▁two ▁uses ▁is ▁that ▁whenever ▁an ▁element ▁occurs ▁as ▁the ▁Object ▁case ▁role , ▁it ▁gets ▁the ▁added ▁meaning ▁of ▁being ▁exhaust ively ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁action ▁denoted ▁by ▁the ▁verb ▁as ▁seen ▁in ▁( 2 a ) ▁( like ▁climbing ▁up ▁the
▁tree ▁completely ▁from ▁the ▁ground ▁up wards ). ▁No ▁such ▁additional ▁meaning ▁is ▁observed ▁in ▁sentences ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁element ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁Location ▁case ▁role ▁( as ▁in ▁ 2 b ). ▁ ▁How ▁N Ps ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁either ▁Agent ▁or ▁Exper i encer ▁case ▁roles : ▁Ev idence ▁found ▁from ▁the ▁meaning ▁dist in ctions ▁of ▁vol ition . ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Example ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁( 3 a )\| ▁ra : ju ▁pa : th av ann u ▁m aret id da : ne ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Raj u ( nom ) ▁lesson ▁( acc ) ▁has - for got ten ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁" R aju ▁has ▁forgotten ▁the ▁lesson ." ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 3 b ) ▁\|\| ra : j uv ige ▁pa : tha ▁m aret ide ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Raj u ( dat ) ▁lesson ( nom ) ▁forgotten ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁" The ▁lesson ▁has ▁been ▁forgotten ▁by ▁Raj u ." ▁ ▁Although ▁both ▁sentences ▁indicate ▁the ▁same ▁event , ▁the ▁meaning ▁difference ▁is ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁in ▁( 3 a ) ▁Raj u , ▁occurring ▁as ▁the ▁Agent , ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁have ▁acted ▁vol itionally ▁( not ▁making ▁any ▁special ▁effort ▁to ▁retain ▁the ▁lesson ▁in ▁his ▁memory ), ▁and ▁is ▁hence ▁held ▁responsible ▁for ▁that ▁event , ▁whereas ▁in ▁( 3 b ) ▁he , ▁being ▁an ▁Exper i encer , ▁is ▁involved ▁in ▁that ▁event ▁only ▁non - vol itionally , ▁and ▁hence ▁one ▁does ▁not ▁hold ▁him ▁responsible ▁for ▁it . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁two ▁examples ▁shown ▁above ,
▁multiple ▁case ▁roles ▁are ▁available . ▁Different ▁case ▁roles ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁deep ▁structure ▁representation ▁to ▁give ▁a ▁different ▁sem antic ▁meaning . ▁ ▁Rel ating ▁case ▁roles ▁to ▁morph ological ▁case ▁and ▁structural ▁Case ▁ ▁Sem antic ▁vs . ▁morph ological ▁ ▁The ▁sem antic ▁category ▁of ▁case ▁( specific ally ▁case ▁role ) ▁is ▁related ▁to ▁morph ological ▁case . ▁ ▁Mor ph ological ▁case ▁( such ▁as ▁accus ative , ▁er g ative , ▁d ative , ▁gen itive , ▁and ▁sometimes ▁also ▁part itive ) ▁reflects ▁the ▁ranking ▁of ▁arguments , ▁while ▁sem antic ▁case ▁( such ▁as ▁instrumental , ▁com itative , ▁loc ative , ▁direction al ) ▁enc odes ▁a ▁sem antic ▁relation ▁between ▁the ▁D P ▁and ▁the ▁governing ▁head . ▁Mor ph ological ▁case ▁is ▁typical ▁of ▁complement s ▁and ▁is ▁licensed ▁by ▁structural ▁Case ▁( desc ribed ▁below ). ▁By ▁contrast , ▁sem antic ▁case ▁is ▁typical ▁of ▁adj unct s ; ▁it ▁is ▁only ▁licensed ▁by ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁head . ▁From ▁the ▁case ▁roles ▁proposed ▁by ▁Fill more ▁( 1 9 6 8 ), ▁it ▁was ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁case ▁roles ▁appeared ▁where ▁the ▁morph ological ▁cases ▁of ▁d ative , ▁gen itive ▁or ▁instrumental ▁appeared : ▁ ▁The ▁experi encer ▁case ▁role ▁( d ative ▁in ▁many ▁languages ) ▁The ▁recipient ▁case ▁role ▁( d ative ▁in ▁many ▁languages ) ▁The ▁possess or ▁case ▁role ▁( gen itive ▁in ▁many ▁languages ) ▁The ▁part itive ▁case ▁role ▁( gen
itive ▁or ▁part itive ▁in ▁many ▁languages ) ▁The ▁instrument ▁case ▁role ▁( in strument al ▁or ▁d ative ▁in ▁many ▁languages ) ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁are ▁observations ▁from ▁Sig ur ð sson ▁ ▁on ▁the ▁' case - sem ant ics ' ▁in ▁case - l anguages ▁demonstr ating ▁how ▁morph ological ▁case ▁is ▁not ▁blind ▁to ▁sem ant ics : ▁ ▁Agent ive ▁subjects ▁are ▁nomin ative ▁Ind irect ▁objects ▁are ▁either ▁d ative ▁or ▁accus ative ▁Most ▁benef active ▁( ind irect ▁or ▁direct ) ▁objects ▁are ▁d ative ▁Most ▁mal ef active ▁( ind irect ▁or ▁direct ) ▁objects ▁are ▁accus ative ▁In strument al ▁D P - ‘ objects ’ ▁are ▁d ative ▁If ▁a ▁le x ical ▁item ▁has ▁a ▁choice ▁between ▁an ▁accus ative ▁or ▁a ▁d ative ▁complement , ▁then ▁that ▁choice ▁is ▁normally ▁sem ant ically ▁controlled ▁ ▁Mor ph ological ▁vs . ▁structural ▁Mor ph ological ▁case ▁is ▁related ▁to ▁structural ▁Case ▁( based ▁on ▁syntax ) ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁ways : ▁ ▁Struct ural ▁Case ▁is ▁a ▁condition ▁for ▁arguments ▁that ▁origin ates ▁from ▁a ▁rel ational ▁head ▁( e . g . ▁verb ), ▁while ▁morph ological ▁case ▁is ▁a ▁property ▁that ▁depends ▁on ▁the ▁N P ▁or ▁D P ▁complement . ▁ ▁The ▁relationship ▁between ▁morph ological ▁case ▁and ▁structural ▁case ▁is ▁evident ▁in ▁how ▁morph ological ▁case ▁is ▁subject ▁to ▁case ▁agreement ▁where by ▁the ▁morph ological ▁case ▁appearing ▁on ▁a ▁D P ▁must ▁be ▁licensed ▁by ▁the ▁synt
actic ▁context ▁of ▁the ▁D P . ▁ ▁In ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁transform ational ▁gram mar ▁literature , ▁morph ological ▁cases ▁are ▁viewed ▁as ▁determined ▁by ▁the ▁synt actic ▁configuration . ▁In ▁particular , ▁the ▁accus ative ▁case ▁is ▁assigned ▁through ▁a ▁structural ▁relation ▁between ▁the ▁ver bal ▁head ▁and ▁its ▁complement . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁direct ▁complement ▁of ▁a ▁verb ▁is ▁assigned ▁accus ative , ▁ir res pective ▁of ▁any ▁other ▁properties ▁that ▁it ▁might ▁have . ▁It ▁must ▁be ▁acknowledged ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁accus ative ▁alone ▁that ▁is ▁structural , ▁rather ▁the ▁spec ifier ▁of ▁a ▁N P ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁gen itive ▁in ▁many ▁languages , ▁and ▁so ▁is ▁the ▁direct ▁object ▁of ▁a ▁nom inal ized ▁verb . ▁ ▁Mor ph ological ▁case ▁ ▁L ingu istic ▁typ ology ▁of ▁morph ological ▁case ▁ ▁Case ▁can ▁be ▁further ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁categories : ▁gram mat ical ▁cases ▁and ▁sem antic ▁cases . ▁Examples ▁of ▁gram mat ical ▁cases ▁are ▁nomin ative ▁case , ▁accus ative , ▁d ative , ▁and ▁er g ative . ▁These ▁typically ▁code ▁core ▁gram mat ical ▁relations ▁which ▁are ▁sem ant ically ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁verb , ▁such ▁as ▁subject ▁and ▁object . ▁Sem antic ▁( or ▁ad verb ial ) ▁cases ▁are ▁instrumental , ▁com itative , ▁and ▁loc ative ▁cases . ▁These ▁are ▁sem ant ically ▁rich er ▁and ▁less ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁verb . ▁There ▁exists ▁cases , ▁such ▁as ▁d ative , ▁that ▁are ▁border line
▁between ▁these ▁two ▁categories , ▁having ▁both ▁sem antic ▁and ▁gram mat ical ▁case ▁features . ▁ ▁Eight ▁commonly ▁seen ▁cases ▁( Ind o - Europe an ▁case ): ▁ ▁(* P rec ise ▁description ▁of ▁the ▁above ▁cases ▁vary ▁cross - ling u istically .) ▁ ▁Er g ative ▁case ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁suggested ▁that ▁the ▁le x ical ▁case ▁associated ▁with ▁agents ▁is ▁the ▁er g ative ▁( ER G ) ▁le x ical ▁case : ▁This ▁case ▁E RG ▁ident ifies ▁the ▁n oun ▁as ▁a ▁subject ▁of ▁a ▁trans itive ▁verb ▁in ▁languages ▁that ▁allow ▁er g ative ▁case . ▁The ▁correlation ▁demonstrated ▁between ▁the ▁er g ative ▁case ▁and ▁the ▁the ta ▁role ▁of ▁agent ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁perfect ▁correlation : ▁It ▁is ▁as ▁closely ▁cor related ▁as ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁d ative ▁case ▁and ▁the ▁the ta ▁role ▁goals / ▁experi enc ers . ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁types ▁of ▁Er g ative ▁languages ▁ 1 ) ▁languages ▁that ▁allow ▁and ▁ 2 ) ▁those ▁that ▁prohib it ▁er g ative ▁subjects ▁in ▁in trans itive ▁cl auses . ▁ ▁There ▁can ▁be ▁a ▁distinction ▁made ▁between ▁er g ative ▁and ▁accus ative ▁type ▁languages ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁the ▁type ▁of ▁subject ▁and ▁object ▁mark ings ▁they ▁will ▁display . ▁This ▁distinction ▁is ▁characterized ▁by ▁the ▁type ▁of ▁cl auses ▁a ▁language ▁allows , ▁such ▁as ▁er g ative , ▁absolut ive , ▁accus ative , ▁and ▁nomin ative . ▁The ▁distinction ▁made ▁between ▁language ▁type ▁and
▁clause ▁type ▁is ▁illustrated ▁in ▁the ▁table ▁below : ▁ ▁Case ▁assignment ▁ ▁The ▁typ ological ▁differences ▁among ▁languages ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁consequence ▁of ▁differences ▁in ▁whether ▁er g ative , ▁d ative , ▁or ▁other ▁individual ▁case ▁assignment ▁is ▁optional ▁or ▁oblig atory ▁in ▁a ▁language ▁( although , ▁the ▁er g ative - acc us ative ▁case ▁pattern ▁does ▁seem ▁to ▁be ▁univers ally ▁blocked ). ▁To ▁represent ▁that ▁a ▁particular ▁case ▁is ▁a ▁le x ical ▁case , ▁it ▁must ▁be ▁shown ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁the ta ▁related . ▁This ▁means ▁that ▁le x ical ▁case ▁cannot ▁be ▁assigned ▁to ▁a ▁n oun ▁phrase ▁by ▁a ▁verb ▁unless ▁the ▁verb ▁also ▁assign s ▁a ▁the ta ▁role ▁to ▁that ▁same ▁n oun ▁phrase . ▁Not ▁all ▁le x ical ▁cases ▁have ▁the ▁same ▁associated ▁the ta ▁role . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁d ative ▁case ▁and ▁the ▁goal / exper i encer ▁the ta ▁role ; ▁not ▁all , ▁and ▁not ▁only , ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁with ▁the ▁the ta - role ▁goal / exper i encer ▁get ▁marked ▁with ▁the ▁d ative ▁case . ▁ ▁The ▁class ▁of ▁ver bs ▁that ▁mark ▁their ▁subjects ▁with ▁a ▁particular ▁le x ical ▁d ative ▁case ▁is ▁similar ▁across ▁languages , ▁but ▁the ▁inclusion ▁in ▁this ▁verb ▁class ▁is ▁not ▁completely ▁predict able . ▁Lex ical ▁cases ▁such ▁as ▁nomin ative ▁usually ▁mark ▁predict able ▁the ta ▁roles , ▁but ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁substantial ▁amount ▁of ▁characteristic ▁behaviour ▁involved
▁indicating ▁that ▁a ▁verb ' s ▁ability ▁to ▁assign ▁a ▁le x ical ▁case ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁its ▁arguments ▁must ▁be ▁specified ▁in ▁that ▁verb ' s ▁le x ical ▁entry . ▁Once ▁a ▁verb ▁marks ▁its ▁subject ▁with ▁a ▁given ▁le x ical ▁case , ▁such ▁as ▁nomin ative , ▁that ▁verb ▁cannot ▁assign ▁structural ▁accus ative ▁case ▁to ▁its ▁object . ▁ ▁Mor ph ologically ▁over t ▁case ▁assignment ▁ ▁In ▁languages ▁with ▁case ▁mark ing ▁of ▁explicit ▁morph ology , ▁any ▁nom inal ▁that ▁is ▁morph ologically ▁capable ▁of ▁showing ▁case ▁morph ology ▁is ▁oblig ated ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁This ▁observation ▁can ▁be ▁stated ▁explicitly ▁by ▁what ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁Case ▁Filter . ▁Case ▁Filter ▁can ▁be ▁further ▁described ▁as ▁being ▁an ▁abstract ▁Case ▁hypothesis ▁that ▁st ip ulates ▁all ▁le x ical ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁are ▁assigned ▁a ▁specific ▁Case ▁regardless ▁if ▁this ▁Case ▁manif ests ▁at ▁the ▁surface ▁level : ▁If ▁this ▁le x ical ▁N P ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁Case ▁mark ing ▁at ▁surface ▁structure , ▁then ▁the ▁sentence ▁that ▁contains ▁it ▁is ▁considered ▁un gram mat ical . ▁Case ▁theory ▁includes ▁an ▁inventory ▁of ▁structural ▁Case ▁and ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁le x ical ▁cases ▁that ▁are ▁assigned ▁( in ▁all ▁languages ) ▁at ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁deep ▁structure ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ta ▁role ▁assignment . ▁ ▁L anguages ▁such ▁as ▁Russian ▁and ▁Japanese , ▁among ▁others , ▁follow ▁a ▁similar ▁mechanism ▁of ▁case ▁assignment ▁as ▁that ▁seen ▁in ▁Latin
. ▁Russian ▁is ▁like ▁Latin , ▁in ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁have ▁gen itive ▁and ▁d ative ▁case ▁that ▁is ▁assigned ▁by ▁the ▁N ▁( n oun ) ▁and ▁A ▁( ad ject ive ▁or ▁ad verb ). ▁In ▁Russian ▁for ▁example , ▁most ▁n oun s ▁show ▁over t ▁case ▁morph ology ▁as ▁does ▁Latin , ▁but ▁there ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁productive ▁class ▁of ▁inde cl in able ▁n oun s . ▁These ▁inde cl in able ▁n oun s ▁are ▁not ▁able ▁to ▁receive ▁case ▁morph ology . ▁Examples ▁from ▁languages ▁exhib iting ▁morph ologically ▁over t ▁case ▁mark ing ▁indicate ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁rules ▁of ▁case ▁assignment ▁present ▁in ▁the ▁gram mar ▁of ▁a ▁language . ▁To ▁account ▁for ▁this , ▁rules ▁can ▁be ▁generated ▁as ▁support . ▁For ▁example , ▁support ▁accounting ▁for ▁accus ative ▁case ▁in ▁Latin - type ▁case ▁marked ▁languages ▁could ▁be ▁presented ▁as : ▁ ▁Application ▁of ▁these ▁accus ative ▁case ▁assignment ▁rules ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁examples : ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁morph ologically ▁rich ▁case ▁language ▁of ▁Latin , ▁there ▁are ▁seven ▁cases ▁for ▁Latin ▁N oun s . ▁The ▁following ▁table ▁demonstr ates ▁Latin ▁case ▁morph ology ▁assignment ▁for ▁a ▁mascul ine ▁n oun ▁som n us ▁meaning ▁' sleep '. ▁ ▁Modern ▁German ▁ ▁In ▁modern ▁German , ▁all ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁show ▁Case ▁forms ▁with ▁Case ▁generally ▁being ▁marked ▁on ▁the ▁determ iner . ▁However , ▁for ▁the ▁gen itive ▁form ▁German ▁marks ▁the ▁n oun ▁with ▁a ▁morph ologically
▁over t ▁Case ▁form ▁( this ▁case ▁form ▁is ▁retained ▁on ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁in ▁modern ▁English , ▁surf acing ▁as ▁- ' s ). ▁The ▁following ▁table ▁illustr ates ▁the ▁mascul ine ▁Case ▁forms ▁of ▁German . ▁ ▁Case ▁hierarchy ▁ ▁As ▁discussed ▁in ▁L ingu istic ▁typ ology ▁of ▁Mor ph ological ▁Case , ▁there ▁can ▁be ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁cases ▁found ▁within ▁a ▁single ▁language . ▁If ▁we ▁look ▁at ▁a ▁sample ▁of ▁case ▁systems , ▁we ▁find ▁that ▁they ▁indeed ▁appear ▁in ▁a ▁particular ▁order - ▁i . e . ▁a ▁hierarchy ▁emer ges . ▁This ▁specific ▁ordering ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁case ▁hierarchy . ▁ ▁Nom in ative / Abs olut ive ▁→ ▁Acc us ative / E rg ative ▁→ ▁Gen itive ▁→ ▁D ative ▁→ ▁A bl ative / In strument al ▁→ ▁Other ▁ob lique ▁arguments ▁ ▁This ▁hierarchy ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁interpreted ▁as ▁follows : ▁If ▁a ▁language ▁has ▁a ▁case ▁that ▁is ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁hierarchy , ▁it ▁will ▁usually ▁have ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁case ▁from ▁each ▁position ▁to ▁the ▁left . ▁So ▁for ▁example , ▁if ▁a ▁language ▁has ▁a ▁d ative ▁case , ▁it ▁will ▁have ▁a ▁gen itive ▁( position ▁to ▁the ▁left ), ▁an ▁accus ative ▁or ▁er g ative ▁case ▁or ▁both , ▁and ▁a ▁nomin ative . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁case ▁hierarchy ▁holds ▁for ▁many ▁languages , ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁univers ally ▁valid . ▁Some ▁languages ▁may ▁lack ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁above ▁categories , ▁or ▁may ▁collapse ▁categories
▁into ▁one ▁hierarchy ▁position . ▁There ▁are ▁times ▁when ▁the ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁cases ▁in ▁one ▁system ▁will ▁correspond ▁with ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁cases ▁in ▁the ▁other ▁system . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁d ative ▁in ▁Anc ient ▁Greek ▁does ▁not ▁correspond ▁closely ▁with ▁the ▁d ative ▁of ▁Latin . ▁So ▁when ▁comparing ▁cases ▁across ▁languages , ▁the ▁functions ▁of ▁a ▁particular ▁case ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁considered , ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁labels ▁the ▁language ▁has ▁assigned . ▁ ▁Examples ▁of ▁two ▁case ▁and ▁three ▁case ▁systems ▁within ▁the ▁case ▁hierarchy ▁ ▁The ▁hierarchy ▁predict s ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁possible ▁for ▁a ▁language ▁to ▁only ▁have ▁two ▁cases . ▁In ▁fact , ▁there ▁are ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁languages ▁that ▁have ▁a ▁two - case ▁system , ▁such ▁as ▁ ▁Che me he u vi , ▁Kab ard ian , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁Iran ian ▁languages . ▁Che me he u vi ▁is ▁a ▁language ▁of ▁the ▁Num ic ▁branch ▁of ▁U to - Az te can ▁family ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁nomin ative - ob lique ▁system . ▁Y agn obi , ▁an ▁Iran ian ▁language , ▁has ▁both ▁an ▁accus ative ▁and ▁er g ative ▁case . ▁ ▁Sem it ic ▁languages , ▁N ub ian ▁languages , ▁Modern ▁Greek ▁operate ▁with ▁a ▁three - case ▁systems , ▁with ▁a ▁nomin ative , ▁accus ative , ▁and ▁gen itive / ob lique ▁case . ▁ ▁Struct ural ▁Case ▁ ▁Examples ▁of ▁Struct ural ▁Case ▁in ▁English ▁ ▁Mor ph ological ▁Case ▁is ▁the
▁surface ▁Case ▁form ▁which ▁is ▁assigned ▁to ▁either ▁a ▁n oun ▁phrase ▁or ▁a ▁pron oun ▁phrase ▁depending ▁on ▁its ▁surface ▁position ▁within ▁a ▁sentence . ▁English ▁case ▁morph ology ▁is ▁very ▁sp arse ▁or ▁in ▁some ▁instances , ▁non - ex istent . ▁The ▁distribution ▁of ▁nom inals ▁in ▁languages ▁such ▁as ▁English , ▁where ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁case ▁morph ology , ▁is ▁governed ▁by ▁the ▁same ▁precise ▁laws ▁that ▁also ▁reg ulate ▁nomin ative ▁and ▁accus ative ▁case ▁in ▁morph ologically ▁over t ▁case ▁marked ▁languages ▁such ▁as ▁Latin ▁and ▁Russian . ▁For ▁example ▁the ▁distribution ▁of ▁accus ative ▁case : ▁ <0x09> ▁ <0x09> ▁ <0x09> ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁Acc us ative ▁case ▁assignment : ▁ α ▁assign s ▁accus ative ▁case ▁to ▁ β ▁only ▁if : ▁ ▁i ii . ▁ α ▁is ▁V ▁or ▁P ▁( not ▁N ▁or ▁A ); ▁and ▁iv . ▁ β ▁is ▁the ▁complement ▁of ▁ α ▁ ▁In ▁English , ▁the ▁object ▁of ▁a ▁n oun ▁phrase ▁is ▁assigned ▁Case ▁by ▁the ▁closest ▁c - command ing ▁V ▁( verb ) ▁or ▁P ▁( pre position ) ▁head ▁which ▁is ▁usually ▁the ▁verb ▁or ▁pre position ▁that ▁select s ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁complement . ▁Similarly ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁a ▁n oun ▁phrase ▁is ▁assigned ▁Case ▁from ▁the ▁finite ▁tense ▁head , ▁T . ▁The ▁subject ▁of ▁a ▁finite ▁clause ▁in ▁English ▁is ▁nomin ative . ▁As ▁seen ▁in ▁English ▁with ▁sentences ▁in ▁passive ▁form , ▁the ▁finite ▁T ▁is
▁the ▁head ▁that ▁assign s ▁the ▁nomin ative ▁Case ▁to ▁the ▁n oun ▁phrase ▁( subject ▁position ); ▁the ▁closest ▁n oun ▁phrase ▁that ▁T ▁( t ense ▁head ) ▁c - commands ▁is ▁attracted ▁to ▁the ▁empty ▁spec ifier ▁position ▁of ▁the ▁tense ▁phrase . ▁This ▁movement ▁is ▁a ▁local ▁spec ifier - to - spec ifier ▁movement , ▁satisfying ▁Case ▁requirements ▁at ▁the ▁deep - structure ▁level . ▁Any ▁sentence ▁in ▁English ▁that ▁surfaces ▁with ▁a ▁n oun ▁phrase ▁not ▁containing ▁Case , ▁is ▁a ▁violation ▁of ▁the ▁Case ▁Filter ▁and ▁thus ▁is ▁said ▁to ▁' cr ash ' ▁( det erm ined ▁to ▁be ▁un gram mat ical ). ▁ ▁Although ▁English ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁non - zero ▁case ▁morph ology , ▁except ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁personal ▁pron oun s , ▁it ▁does ▁satisfy ▁the ▁Case ▁Filter . ▁The ▁phenomenon ▁of ▁ph on ologically ▁zero ▁case ▁morph ology , ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁languages ▁where ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁rich ▁case ▁system ▁is ▁not ▁in ▁doubt . ▁English ▁has ▁an ▁abstract ▁or ▁non - over t ▁variant ▁of ▁case . ▁For ▁example , ▁accus ative ▁case ▁may ▁be ▁assigned ▁to ▁a ▁nom inal ▁complement ▁of ▁V ▁( verb ) ▁or ▁P ▁( pre position ) ▁by ▁either ▁V ▁( verb ) ▁or ▁P ▁( pre position ), ▁but ▁these ▁complement s ▁receiving ▁case ▁show ▁no ▁over t ▁morph ology ▁reflect ing ▁this ▁process . ▁English ▁lack s ▁formal ▁cases ▁such ▁as ▁voc ative ▁case ▁and ▁ab l ative ▁case ▁( which
▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁to ▁nom inals ), ▁in ▁this ▁regard , ▁complement s ▁to ▁the ▁heads ▁assign ing ▁case ▁will ▁not ▁receive ▁an ▁abstract ▁mark ing ▁of ▁case ▁therefore ▁being ▁excluded ▁by ▁the ▁case ▁filter . ▁ ▁P ron oun s ▁in ▁English , ▁however , ▁do ▁change ▁form ▁when ▁they ▁change ▁case . ▁These ▁changes ▁are ▁clearly ▁seen ▁with ▁personal ▁pron oun s ▁for ▁example : ▁first ▁person , ▁second ▁person , ▁and ▁third ▁person ▁are ▁represented ▁as ▁“ I ,” ▁“ You ,” ▁and ▁“ H / She .” ▁Subject s ▁of ▁active ▁voice ▁sentences ▁typically ▁in ▁English ▁take ▁on ▁the ▁nomin ative ▁Case ▁and ▁objects ▁that ▁accus ative ▁Case . ▁Consider ▁the ▁simple ▁active ▁English ▁example ▁where ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁nomin ative ▁Case ▁form ▁and ▁her ▁is ▁the ▁accus ative ▁Case ▁form . ▁ ▁" She ▁saw ▁her " ▁ ▁Personal ▁pron oun s ▁in ▁English ▁can ▁be ▁classified ▁into ▁three ▁Case ▁categories : ▁ ▁English ▁has ▁case ▁forms ▁for ▁pron oun s ▁for ▁gen itive , ▁accus ative , ▁and ▁nomin ative ▁cases , ▁which ▁is ▁demonstrated ▁in ▁the ▁table ▁above . ▁Con vers ely ▁English ▁has ▁only ▁gen itive ▁case ▁forms ▁for ▁' full ▁n oun ▁phrases ' ▁( in ▁other ▁words ▁determ iner ▁phrases ): ▁For ▁example , ▁" John ' s ▁blue ▁cat " ▁is ▁assigned ▁gen itive ▁case . ▁Full ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁( det erm iner ▁phrases ) ▁cannot ▁be ▁assigned ▁accus ative ▁or ▁nomin ative ▁case . ▁The ▁possess ive ▁mark ing ▁-
' s ▁as ▁a ▁case ▁ending ▁att aches ▁to ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁a ▁n oun ▁phrase , ▁not ▁necessarily ▁to ▁the ▁head ▁n oun ▁itself . ▁ ▁Example : ▁English ▁N oun ▁Ph rase ▁Mark ed ▁with ▁Gen itive ▁Case ▁ ▁[ NP ▁[ NP ▁The ▁boy ] ▁- ' sp oss ▁ball ] ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁question ▁of ▁present - day ▁research , ▁why ▁is ▁it ▁that ▁with ▁pron oun s ▁in ▁English , ▁Case ▁mark ing ▁is ▁preserved ? ▁A ▁proposed ▁answer ▁has ▁been ▁that ▁since ▁pron oun s ▁are ▁a ▁closed ▁category ▁and ▁don ' t ▁part ake ▁in ▁productive ▁morph ology , ▁then ▁they ▁are ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁' mem or ized ' ▁by ▁speakers ▁of ▁English . ▁The ▁fact ▁that ▁they ▁may ▁be ▁just ▁memor ized ▁forms ▁suggests ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁significant ▁reason ▁for ▁why ▁members ▁of ▁this ▁category ▁should ▁under go ▁a ▁dr astic ▁change , ▁losing ▁morph ologically ▁over t ▁Case ▁mark ing . ▁Consider ing ▁this ▁argument , ▁why ▁then ▁do ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁receive ▁gen itive ▁Case ▁mark ing ▁in ▁English ? ▁The ▁notion ▁of ▁abstract ▁Case ▁mark ing ▁on ▁all ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁can ▁help ▁answer ▁this ▁question : ▁All ▁n oun ▁phrases ▁under go ▁Case ▁mark ing ▁assignment ▁but ▁this ▁is ▁not ▁always ▁ph on et ically ▁realized ▁at ▁surface ▁structure ▁( the ▁exception ▁to ▁surf acing ▁of ▁this ▁morph ological ▁case ▁is ▁the ▁possess ive ▁form ▁- ' s ). ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁phenomenon ▁in ▁English ▁known ▁as
▁Exception al ▁case - mark ing ▁( EC M ). ▁The ▁phenomenon ▁of ▁E CM ▁makes ▁it ▁evident ▁that ▁accus ative ▁case ▁is ▁not ▁necessarily ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁complement ▁of ▁the ▁assign er . ▁The ▁following ▁example ▁is ▁intended ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁that ▁case ▁can ▁be ▁assigned ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁barrier ▁that ▁interven es , ▁and ▁given ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁nom inal ▁closer ▁in ▁proxim ity ▁to ▁the ▁assign er ▁than ▁the ▁ass igne e . ▁For ▁example ▁(* ▁indicates ▁an ▁un gram mat ical ity ): ▁ ▁Deb ate ▁about ▁case ▁role ▁There ▁have ▁been ▁arguments ▁made ▁for ▁case ▁role ▁to ▁be ▁considered ▁a ▁universal ▁in ▁language , ▁for ▁several ▁reasons . ▁In ▁previous ▁studies , ▁primarily ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁where ▁case ▁role ▁in ▁languages ▁was ▁considered ▁using ▁Latin ▁or ▁Greek ▁classification , ▁it ▁was ▁found ▁that ▁there ▁were ▁difficulties ▁in ▁approaching ▁other ▁languages ▁such ▁as ▁Ale ut ▁or ▁Th ai . ▁These ▁methods ▁involved ▁illustr ating ▁sem antic ▁relationships ▁of ▁given ▁case ▁forms ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁come ▁from ▁a ▁primarily ▁synt act ical ▁stand point . ▁Case ▁role ▁in ▁Latin ▁and ▁Greek ▁class ifications ▁t ended ▁to ▁neglect ▁nomin ative ▁case ▁as ▁well , ▁and ▁instead ▁focused ▁on ▁creating ▁different ▁sem antic ▁classes ▁for ▁other ▁cases , ▁such ▁as ▁' D ative ▁of ▁Poss ession .' ▁ ▁Because ▁there ▁have ▁been ▁several ▁such ▁problems ▁analy zing ▁case ▁role ▁cross - ling u istically ▁when ▁using ▁one ▁language ▁as ▁a ▁standard , ▁it
▁is ▁not ▁common ▁practice ▁to ▁take ▁traditional ▁Latin ▁or ▁Greek ▁class ifications . ▁Instead , ▁the ▁particular ▁languages ' ▁synt actic ▁structure ▁forms ▁the ▁base ▁for ▁analy zing ▁sem antic ▁value ▁and ▁case ▁role ▁in ▁that ▁language . ▁ ▁Also , ▁there ▁are ▁still ▁questions ▁regarding ▁case ▁morph ology . ▁One ▁approach ▁to ▁defining ▁case ▁morph ology ▁is ▁to ▁say ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁some ▁special ▁morph ology , ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁correlation ▁with ▁a ▁specific ▁synt actic ▁position . ▁Dec ades ▁of ▁past ▁research ▁supports ▁that ▁this ▁is ▁a ▁particular ▁cross - ling u istic ▁property ▁specific ▁to ▁nom inals . ▁When ▁discussing ▁case ▁features , ▁it ▁is ▁commonly ▁stated ▁that ▁they ▁have ▁no ▁associated ▁sem antic ▁interpretation , ▁regardless ▁of ▁their ▁synt actic ▁position . ▁An ▁early ▁perspective ▁taken ▁on ▁case ▁was ▁the ▁initial ▁suggestion ▁by ▁a ▁French ▁lingu ist ▁Jean - R og er ▁Ver g na ud ▁that ▁the ▁gram mar ▁of ▁case ▁is ▁a ▁cross - ling u istic ▁feature , ▁central ▁to ▁the ▁syntax ▁of ▁all ▁languages ▁and ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁just ▁apply ▁to ▁languages ▁with ▁a ▁rich ▁case ▁morph ology ▁for ▁example , ▁Latin . ▁Ver g na ud ▁st ip ulated ▁that ▁any ▁nom inal ▁that ▁is ▁morph ologically ▁able ▁to ▁show ▁case ▁morph ology ▁is ▁required ▁and ▁must ▁do ▁so . ▁This ▁observation ▁was ▁explicitly ▁stated ▁above ▁as ▁being ▁the ▁definition ▁of ▁Case ▁Filter . ▁A ▁second ▁perspective ▁on ▁Case ▁is ▁Ch om sky ' s ▁Min imal
ist ▁con ject ures . ▁There ▁are ▁many ▁fundamental ▁questions ▁regarding ▁case ▁role , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁reason ▁for ▁why ▁case ▁should ▁even ▁exist , ▁that ▁are ▁not ▁yet ▁accompanied ▁by ▁substant ive ▁answers . ▁This ▁indicates ▁that ▁research ▁on ▁case ▁role ▁remains ▁still ▁as ▁a ▁‘ work ▁in ▁progress .’ ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Case ▁gram mar ▁ ▁Case ▁hierarchy ▁ ▁Gram mat ical ▁case ▁ ▁The matic ▁relations ▁ ▁The ta ▁roles ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : G ram mat ical ▁cases <0x0A> </s> ▁Mir ce a ▁Georges cu ▁( born ▁ 8 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Roman ian ▁former ▁football er ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁def ender . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁Mir ce a ▁Georges cu ▁played ▁three ▁games ▁at ▁international ▁level ▁for ▁Rom ania , ▁including ▁a ▁ 6 – 0 ▁loss ▁against ▁Spain ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁European ▁Nations ' ▁Cup ▁qual ifiers . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ş ti ▁Cup a ▁Rom â nie i : ▁ 1 9 6 5 – 6 6 , ▁runner - up ▁ 1 9 6 3 – 6 4 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Mir ce a ▁Georges cu ▁at ▁Lab to f . ro ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : R oman ian ▁football ers ▁Category : Rom ania ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁defend ers ▁Category : L iga ▁I ▁players ▁Category :
L iga ▁II ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Pol ite hn ica ▁Tim i ș o ara ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Far ul ▁Const an ța ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Ste au a ▁Buc ure ști ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Fest uc a ▁rub ra ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁grass ▁known ▁by ▁the ▁common ▁name ▁red ▁f esc ue ▁or ▁cre eping ▁red ▁f esc ue . ▁It ▁is ▁widespread ▁across ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁Northern ▁Hem is phere ▁and ▁can ▁toler ate ▁many ▁habit ats ▁and ▁clim ates . ▁It ▁is ▁best ▁adapted ▁to ▁well - dr ained ▁so ils ▁in ▁cool , ▁temper ate ▁clim ates ; ▁it ▁pre fers ▁sh ad ier ▁areas ▁and ▁is ▁often ▁planted ▁for ▁its ▁shade ▁tolerance . ▁Wild ▁animals ▁brow se ▁it , ▁but ▁it ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁important ▁for ▁domestic ▁for age ▁due ▁to ▁low ▁productivity ▁and ▁pal at ability . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁an ▁or nament al ▁plant ▁for ▁gardens . ▁ ▁Description ▁Fest uc a ▁rub ra ▁is ▁per ennial ▁and ▁has ▁sub - spec ies ▁that ▁have ▁rh iz omes ▁and / or ▁form ▁bunch gr ass ▁tu ft s . ▁It ▁mainly ▁exists ▁in ▁neutral ▁and ▁acid ic ▁so ils . ▁It ▁can ▁grow ▁between ▁ 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 cm ▁tall . ▁ ▁Like ▁all ▁f esc ues , ▁the ▁leaves ▁are ▁narrow ▁and ▁needle ▁like , ▁making ▁it ▁less ▁pal atable ▁to ▁liv est ock . ▁The ▁s wards ▁that ▁it ▁forms ▁are ▁not
▁as ▁tu ft ed ▁as ▁sheep ' s ▁f esc ue ▁( F est uc a ▁ov ina ) ▁or ▁w avy ▁hair ▁grass ▁( Des ch amps ia ▁flex u osa ). ▁ ▁The ▁tu ft ed ▁nature ▁is ▁what ▁gives ▁the ▁grass ▁its ▁spring y ▁characteristic . ▁ ▁The ▁leaves ▁are ▁bright ▁green . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁ 4 ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁sp ike let ▁flowers , ▁which ▁are ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 5 mm ▁long . ▁ ▁The ▁lig ule ▁is ▁very ▁short ▁and ▁bl unt . ▁ ▁C ult iv ation ▁Fest uc a ▁rub ra , ▁as ▁red ▁f esc ue ▁or ▁cre eping ▁red ▁f esc ue , ▁is ▁cultiv ated ▁as ▁an ▁or nament al ▁plant ▁for ▁use ▁as ▁a ▁tur f gr ass ▁and ▁ground cover . ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁left ▁completely ▁unm owed , ▁or ▁occasionally ▁trim med ▁for ▁a ▁l ush ▁me adow - like ▁look . ▁There ▁are ▁many ▁sub spec ies , ▁and ▁many ▁cultiv ars ▁have ▁been ▁b red ▁for ▁the ▁h ort icult ure ▁trade . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Native ▁grass es ▁of ▁California ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Fest uc a ▁Rub ra , ▁detailed ▁ec ology ▁at ▁the ▁Fire ▁Effect s ▁Information ▁System , ▁US ▁Forest ▁Service ▁ ▁J ep son ▁Man ual ▁Treat ment : ▁Fest uc a ▁rub ra ▁" T ips ▁for ▁Fine ▁Fall ▁F esc ue ", ▁article ▁at ▁Learn 2 G row . com ▁US DA ▁Pl ants
▁Profile ▁– ▁Fest uc a ▁rub ra ▁ ▁rub ra ▁Category : Gr ass es ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁Category : Gr ass es ▁of ▁Asia ▁Category : Gr ass es ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : Native ▁grass es ▁of ▁California ▁Category : N at ural ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁California ▁Coast ▁R anges ▁Category : Pl ants ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 3 ▁Category : Tax a ▁named ▁by ▁Carl ▁Lin na e us ▁Category : G arden ▁plants ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁Category : D rought - tol er ant ▁plants ▁Category : G round co vers ▁Category : La wn ▁grass es <0x0A> </s> ▁P ou li ot ▁may ▁refer ▁to ▁P ou li ot ▁( s urn ame ) ▁Ad rien ▁P ou li ot ▁Award , ▁presented ▁annually ▁by ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Mathemat ical ▁Society ▁Michel - P ou li ot ▁G asp é ▁Airport ▁in ▁Quebec , ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁Ir ving ▁Joshua ▁Matrix ▁( born ▁ 1 9 0 8 ) ▁— ▁previously ▁known ▁as ▁Ir ving ▁Joshua ▁Bush ▁and ▁commonly ▁known ▁as ▁Dr . ▁( I . ▁J .) ▁Matrix ▁— ▁is ▁a ▁fict it ious ▁poly math ▁scientist , ▁scholar , ▁cow boy , ▁and ▁entrepreneur ▁who ▁made ▁extraordinary ▁contributions ▁to ▁perpet ual ▁motion ▁engineering , ▁B iblical ▁crypt ography ▁and ▁numer ology , ▁py ram id ▁power , ▁pent agonal ▁meditation , ▁extra - s ens ory ▁perception , ▁psych ic ▁metall ur gy , ▁and ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁topics . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁accomplished
▁prest id ig it ator ▁and ▁an ▁intu itive ▁mat hem atic ian , ▁two ▁qualities ▁which ▁he ▁put ▁to ▁good ▁use ▁in ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁enter prises . ▁Being ▁a ▁fict it ious ▁character ▁he ▁could ▁perform ▁tasks ▁that ▁were ▁log ically ▁impossible ; ▁for ▁example , ▁he ▁could ▁" cl ap ▁one ▁hand ▁in ▁the ▁air " ▁when ▁summon ing ▁a ▁wait er ▁or ▁a ▁min ion . ▁▁ ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁was ▁the ▁sat irical ▁creation ▁of ▁Scient ific ▁American ▁column ist ▁Martin ▁Gard ner ▁( 1 9 1 4 – 2 0 1 0 ) ▁who ▁introduced ▁him ▁in ▁his ▁" Mat hemat ical ▁Games " ▁column ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁myth ical ▁doctor ▁appeared ▁frequently ▁there after ▁and ▁the ▁relevant ▁columns ▁were ▁eventually ▁collected ▁into ▁a ▁book . ▁ ▁The ▁intent ▁was ▁partly ▁to ▁provide ▁color ful ▁context ▁to ▁mathematical ▁puzz les ▁and ▁curios ities , ▁partly ▁to ▁spo of ▁various ▁pseudo - sc ient ific ▁theories , ▁and ▁always ▁to ▁provide ▁a ▁hum orous ▁introduction ▁to ▁the ▁serious ▁topic ▁at ▁hand . ▁ ▁F ict it ious ▁bi ography ▁Matrix ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Japan , ▁the ▁el dest ▁of ▁ ▁seven ▁children ▁of ▁the ▁Re ver end ▁William ▁Miller ▁Bush , ▁a ▁S event h - day ▁Advent ist ▁mission ary . ▁ ▁He ▁res ided ▁in ▁Japan ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁where ▁he ▁learned ▁the ▁secrets ▁of ▁the ▁conj uring ▁art ▁and ▁worked ▁as ▁assistant ▁to
▁the ▁famous ▁Japanese ▁mag ician ▁Ten k ai . ▁ ▁Pres um ably ▁it ▁was ▁in ▁Japan ▁that ▁he ▁met ▁Ms . ▁E ise i ▁T oshi y ori , ▁and ▁where ▁their ▁daughter ▁I va ▁Matrix ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁I va ▁accompanied ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁through ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁public ▁life , ▁acting ▁as ▁assistant ▁and ▁manager ▁in ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁enter prises . ▁ ▁The ▁author ▁of ▁the ▁fict it ious ▁narrative ▁pret ended ▁to ▁be ▁rom ant ically ▁interested ▁in ▁I va , ▁thus ▁explaining ▁his ▁continuing ▁interest ▁in ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ' s ▁activities . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁close ▁friend ▁and ▁a ▁student ▁of ▁Nicol as ▁Bour b aki . ▁ ▁Martin ▁Gard ner ▁tells ▁of ▁meeting ▁the ▁sh ady ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁at ▁Py ram id ▁Lake , ▁Nevada . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁accompanied ▁by ▁a ▁Filip ino ▁assistant ▁named ▁Rhe e , ▁who ▁was ▁missing ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁teeth . ▁ ▁They ▁called ▁him ▁" One - To oth ▁Rhe e ." ▁ ▁Both ▁were ▁ch ased ▁out ▁of ▁town ▁for ▁running ▁a ▁py ram id ▁scheme . ▁ ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁was ▁often ▁per secut ed ▁by ▁establishment ▁authorities , ▁and ▁many ▁times ▁had ▁to ▁change ▁ab ode ▁and ▁live ▁under ▁assumed ▁names , ▁with ▁appropriate ▁matching ▁changed ▁appearances . ▁He ▁was ▁accused ▁several ▁times ▁of ▁fraud . ▁He ▁reported ly ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁in ▁a ▁du el ▁against
▁a ▁certain ▁Ivan ▁Sk av insky ▁Sk av ar , ▁a ▁K GB ▁agent , ▁in ▁circumstances ▁as ▁obsc ure ▁and ▁dub ious ▁as ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁career . ▁ ▁However , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Gard ner ▁encountered ▁Matrix , ▁alive ▁and ▁well , ▁in ▁Cas abl anca ▁at ▁" R ick ' s ▁C af é ▁Am éric ain " ▁of ▁all ▁places . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁explained ▁that ▁Ivan ' s ▁bullet ▁merely ▁graz ed ▁him , ▁but ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁avoid ▁ret ali ation ▁by ▁the ▁K GB , ▁witnesses ▁were ▁b ribed ▁to ▁state ▁that ▁he ▁died , ▁and ▁a ▁fake ▁funeral ▁was ▁arranged . ▁ ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁columns ▁Martin ▁Gard ner ▁chronic led ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁Mathemat ical ▁Games ▁columns . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁A ▁web ▁site , ▁Ask ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁exists ▁which ▁finds ▁a ▁numer ological ▁link ▁between ▁two ▁user ▁chosen ▁numbers . ▁Irish ▁mathematical ▁enthusi ast ▁and ▁author ▁Owen ▁O ’ She a ▁has ▁been ▁dub bed ▁by ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁as ▁" the ▁he ir ▁apparent ▁to ▁Dr . ▁I . ▁J . ▁Matrix ▁in ▁numer ological ▁ac umen ”. ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁Gard ner ' s ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁book ▁went ▁through ▁three ▁ed itions . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁complete ▁list ▁is : ▁ ▁The ▁N umer ology ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Matrix : ▁The ▁Fab ulous ▁Fe ats ▁and ▁Advent ures ▁in ▁Number ▁Theory , ▁S le ight ▁of ▁Word , ▁and ▁N
umer ological ▁Analysis ▁( L iter ary , ▁B iblical , ▁Political , ▁Philosoph ical ▁and ▁Psych on umer anal yt ical ) ▁of ▁That ▁Inc red ible ▁Master ▁Mind ▁( 1 9 6 7 ), ▁Simon ▁& ▁Sch uster . ▁ ▁Rep r inted / exp anded ▁as ▁The ▁Inc red ible ▁Dr . ▁Matrix : ▁The ▁World ' s ▁Great est ▁N umer ologist '' '' ▁( 1 9 7 6 ), ▁Charles ▁Sc rib ner ' s ▁S ons ; ▁. ▁ ▁Rep r inted / exp anded ▁as ▁The ▁Magic ▁Num bers ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁( 1 9 8 5 ); ▁Prom ethe us ▁Books ; ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress ▁C atalog ▁Card ▁No . ▁ 8 4 - 4 3 1 8 3 , ▁ ▁( cl oth ), ▁ 0 - 8 7 9 7 5 - 2 8 2 - 3 ▁( paper ). ▁▁ ▁All ▁of ▁the ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁columns ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁are ▁collected ▁in ▁the ▁third , ▁and ▁final , ▁edition . ▁ ▁One ▁final ▁story ▁about ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁appears ▁in ▁Gard ner ' s ▁book : ▁ ▁Pen rose ▁T iles ▁to ▁T rap door ▁C iph ers : ▁– and ▁the ▁Return ▁of ▁Dr ▁Matrix ' ', ▁Mathemat ical ▁Association ▁of ▁America , ▁Washington , ▁DC , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Ask ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁An ▁on - line ▁cyber netic
▁numer ologist ▁inspired ▁by ▁Dr . ▁Matrix ▁ ▁Matrix , ▁Ir ving ▁Joshua ▁Matrix , ▁Ir ving ▁Joshua ▁Matrix , ▁Ir ving ▁Joshua ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁Ag ost ina ▁Den isse ▁S oria ▁( born ▁) ▁is ▁an ▁Argent ine ▁female ▁vol ley ball ▁player . ▁She ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Argentina ▁women ' s ▁national ▁vol ley ball ▁team . ▁ ▁She ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁F IV B ▁Vol ley ball ▁Girls ' ▁U 1 8 ▁World ▁Championship , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁F IV B ▁Vol ley ball ▁Women ' s ▁U 2 0 ▁World ▁Championship , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁F IV B ▁Vol ley ball ▁Women ' s ▁World ▁Championship , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁F IV B ▁Vol ley ball ▁Women ' s ▁Nations ▁League ▁▁ ▁At ▁club ▁level ▁she ▁played ▁for ▁V ele z ▁S ars field ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁http :// www . vol ley ball . world / en / v nl / w omen / te ams / arg - arg ent ina / play ers / ag ost ina - den isse - s oria ? id = 6 4 5 5 1 ▁ ▁www . vol ley ball . world / en / w omen / schedule / 8 8 6 7 - j apan - arg ent ina / post ▁ ▁http :// www . nor ce ca . net
/ 2 0 1 8 % 2 0 Events / X V II % 2 0 W omen % 2 0 Pan C up - 2 0 1 8 / Calendar - P - 2 - 3 / P - 3 % 2 0 for % 2 0 match % 2 0 4 _ % 2 0 ARG - COL . pdf ▁ ▁http :// www . mail . world of vol ley . com / News / Lat est _ news / Arg ent ina / 1 0 0 1 4 5 / b om ba - from - arg ent ina - n iz et ich - k icked - out - of - the - team - s osa - is - back - full - list . html ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Arg ent ine ▁women ' s ▁vol ley ball ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁God win ▁ ▁( by ▁ 1 5 2 0 ▁– ▁ 1 5 4 7 ?) ▁of ▁Wells , ▁Som erset , ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁politician . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁Member ▁( MP ) ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁England ▁for ▁Wells ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 2 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 5 4 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁of ▁the ▁T ud or ▁period ▁Category : English ▁MP s ▁ 1 5 4 2 – 1 5 4 4 ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Wells , ▁Som
erset ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁uncertain <0x0A> </s> ▁I rm g ard ▁Fu est ▁( born ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁in ▁Mün ster ma if eld , ▁died ▁June ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁in ▁Ne unk ir chen , ▁birth ▁name ▁ ▁I rm g ard ▁Sch er er ) ▁was ▁a ▁Sa ar land ▁politician ▁of ▁the ▁C VP ▁/ ▁CD U ▁and ▁lawyer . ▁She ▁completed ▁her ▁legal ▁tr aine es hip ▁at ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe als ▁and ▁passed ▁her ▁second ▁state ▁examination ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁then ▁she ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁judge ▁at ▁Br ü hl ▁District ▁Court ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁lawyer ▁in ▁C olog ne . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁she ▁founded ▁a ▁law ▁firm ▁in ▁Ne unk ir chen ▁together ▁with ▁her ▁husband ▁Josef ▁Fu est . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁woman ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁Jud icial ▁Council or ▁in ▁the ▁Federal ▁Republic . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁May en - K ob len z ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁Sa ar land ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁German ▁lawyers ▁Category : G erman ▁women ▁lawyers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁German ▁judges ▁Category : G erman ▁women ▁judges ▁Category : L aw ▁firm ▁found ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Staff ord ▁S my the ▁Memorial ▁Tro
phy ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁Hockey ▁League ▁( CH L ) ▁tro phy , ▁awarded ▁to ▁the ▁most ▁valuable ▁player ▁in ▁the ▁annual ▁Memorial ▁Cup ▁Tour nament . ▁The ▁tro phy ▁was ▁first ▁awarded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁and ▁won ▁by ▁Richard ▁Bro de ur ▁of ▁the ▁Q M J HL ' s ▁Corn wall ▁Roy als . ▁Taylor ▁Hall ▁won ▁the ▁award ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁with ▁the ▁Wind sor ▁Sp it f ires ▁making ▁him ▁the ▁first ▁repeat ▁winner ▁in ▁the ▁tro phy ' s ▁history . ▁ ▁Through ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁season , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁won ▁ 1 7 ▁times ▁by ▁players ▁on ▁a ▁team ▁representing ▁the ▁Western ▁Hockey ▁League , ▁ 1 3 ▁by ▁those ▁from ▁the ▁O HL ▁and ▁ 9 ▁by ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁Q M J HL . ▁ ▁The ▁Kam lo ops ▁Bl az ers ▁franchise ▁has ▁had ▁the ▁most ▁M VP s ▁at ▁six : ▁three ▁as ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Bl az ers , ▁and ▁three ▁when ▁the ▁franchise ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁New ▁West min ster ▁Bru ins . ▁The ▁Corn wall ▁Roy als ▁had ▁three ▁M VP s . ▁Eight ▁players ▁have ▁won ▁the ▁S my the ▁Tro phy ▁despite ▁their ▁team ▁failing ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Memorial ▁Cup : ▁Sam ▁Steel ▁( 2 0 1 8 ), ▁Leon ▁D rais ait l ▁( 2 0 1 5 ), ▁Danny ▁G rou l x ▁( 2 0 0 2 ),
▁Chris ▁M add en ▁( 1 9 9 8 ), ▁Cameron ▁Mann ▁( 1 9 9 6 ), ▁Sean ▁McK en na ▁( 1 9 8 2 ), ▁Bart ▁Hunter ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁and ▁Barry ▁Smith ▁( 1 9 7 5 ). ▁ ▁The ▁tro phy ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁Staff ord ▁S my the , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Con n ▁S my the . ▁Staff ord ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁group ▁that ▁purchased ▁controlling ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ' s ▁( N HL ) ▁Toronto ▁Map le ▁Le af s ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Toronto ▁franchise ▁and ▁Map le ▁Le af ▁Gard ens ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁ ▁The ▁S my the ▁family ▁don ated ▁the ▁tro phy ▁to ▁the ▁CH L ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁shortly ▁after ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Canadian ▁Hockey ▁League ▁awards ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁History ▁– ▁Awards ▁– ▁Master card ▁Memorial ▁Cup ▁ ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Hockey ▁League ▁tro ph ies ▁and ▁awards <0x0A> </s> ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁recorded ▁by ▁Roman ian ▁recording ▁artist ▁Alex andra ▁Stan ▁for ▁her ▁second ▁studio ▁album , ▁Un locked ▁( 2 0 1 4 ). ▁It ▁was ▁made ▁available ▁for ▁digital ▁consumption ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁through ▁F on ogram ▁Records ▁and ▁Rot on ▁as ▁the
▁record ' s ▁first ▁single . ▁Wr itten ▁by ▁Alexand ru ▁C oto i , ▁Sebastian ▁Jac ome , ▁Lee ▁Anna ▁James ▁and ▁Naz ▁Tok io , ▁the ▁track ▁was ▁solely ▁produced ▁by ▁C oto i ▁and ▁Jac ome . ▁Mus ically , ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁is ▁an ▁elect rop op ▁ball ad ▁whose ▁l yr ical ▁themes ▁discuss ▁on ▁new ▁beg innings , ▁choices ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁in ▁difficult ▁situations ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁move ▁forward , ▁and ▁discover ing ▁the ▁joy ▁of ▁being ▁yourself . ▁Part icular ly , ▁Stan ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁lyrics ▁of ▁the ▁recording ▁were ▁personal ▁to ▁her ▁as ▁referring ▁to ▁her ▁past - manager ▁Marcel ▁Pro dan , ▁with ▁whom ▁she ▁had ▁an ▁alleged ▁physical ▁alter c ation ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁which ▁caused ▁her ▁career ▁hi atus ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁An ▁accompanying ▁ ▁music ▁video ▁for ▁the ▁sing led irect ed ▁by ▁Kh aled ▁M ok ht ar ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States was ▁upload ed ▁onto ▁Stan ' s ▁YouTube ▁channel ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 ; ▁it ▁was ▁preced ed ▁by ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁three ▁short ▁movies . ▁The ▁visual ▁of ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁focuses ▁on ▁the ▁singer ' s ▁relationship ▁with ▁her ▁boyfriend , ▁which ▁ends ▁with ▁him ▁struggling ▁with ▁alcohol ▁issues . ▁Music ▁critics ▁were ▁generally ▁positive ▁towards ▁the ▁recording , ▁pra ising ▁its ▁l yr ical ▁message ; ▁one ▁of ▁them ▁found ▁that ▁it ▁could ▁score ▁high
▁at ▁a ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est . ▁Com mer c ially , ▁the ▁song ▁experienced ▁minor ▁success , ▁reaching ▁number ▁forty - two ▁on ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁Air play ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁number ▁eight y - three ▁in ▁Italy , ▁and ▁the ▁top ▁position ▁on ▁Ukraine ' s ▁Pop ▁Songs ▁chart . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Stan ' s ▁second ▁studio ▁album , ▁still ▁unt itled ▁at ▁that ▁time , ▁was ▁initially ▁intended ▁for ▁a ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁release , ▁but ▁following ▁an ▁alleged ▁physical ▁alter c ation ▁with ▁her ▁former ▁manager ▁Marcel ▁Pro dan , ▁the ▁recording ▁was ▁delayed . ▁Stan ▁accused ▁him ▁of ▁physical ▁attack ▁and ▁black mail . ▁This ▁event ▁led ▁to ▁her ▁appearing ▁injured ▁on ▁Roman ian ▁television ▁and ▁taking ▁a ▁career ▁break . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Cl ich é ▁( H ush ▁H ush ), ▁her ▁last ▁record ▁under ▁Pro dan ' s ▁label Ma an ▁Stud i ow as ▁made ▁available ▁for ▁consumption ▁in ▁Japan . ▁It ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁re issue ▁of ▁Sax obe ats ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁with ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁three ▁songs ▁(" L emon ade ", ▁" Cl ich é ▁( H ush ▁H ush )" ▁and ▁" All ▁My ▁People "), ▁which ▁were ▁previously ▁released ▁as ▁singles ▁and ▁were ▁intended ▁for ▁her ▁second ▁studio ▁album . ▁After ▁her ▁recovery , ▁the ▁singer ▁was ▁su ed ▁by ▁Pro dan ▁for ▁using ▁his ▁songs ▁in ▁her ▁live ▁performances ▁without ▁his ▁permission , ▁but ▁won ▁the ▁copyright ▁battle
▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁Sub sequently , ▁Stan ▁signed ▁a ▁record ▁deal ▁with ▁F on ogram ▁Records ▁and ▁continued ▁working ▁on ▁her ▁album ▁with ▁another ▁team , ▁including ▁new ▁collabor ations ▁with ▁record ▁producers ▁and ▁song writ ers ▁Alex ▁C oto i ▁and ▁Erik ▁L id b om . ▁ ▁Record ings ▁and ▁composition ▁ ▁After ▁spending ▁some ▁months ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Stan ▁began ▁working ▁on ▁the ▁track ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁at ▁the ▁two - week s ▁inaug ural ▁international ▁song writing ▁F ono Camp ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁held ▁in ▁Az uga , ▁Rom ania , ▁where ▁she ▁met ▁various ▁Roman ian ▁and ▁international ▁artists . ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Lee ▁Anna ▁James , ▁Naz ▁Tok io , ▁Sebastian ▁Jac ome ▁and ▁Alexand ru ▁C oto i , ▁while ▁being ▁solely ▁produced ▁by ▁Jac ome ▁and ▁C oto i . ▁When ▁interviewed ▁by ▁Direct ▁L yrics , ▁she ▁stated ▁that , ▁" This ▁might ▁sound ▁like ▁a ▁cl ich é , ▁but ▁I ▁expressed ▁myself ▁best ▁through ▁my ▁work . ▁' Thanks ▁For ▁Le aving ' ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁that ▁I ▁had ▁to ▁do ▁and ▁had ▁to ▁sing , ▁it ▁carries ▁such ▁a ▁strong ▁emotional ▁message ▁for ▁me . ▁It ▁talks ▁about ▁how ▁important ▁it ▁is ▁sometimes ▁to ▁just ▁let ▁go ▁of ▁things ▁and ▁move ▁on . ▁I ▁feel ▁like ▁I ' ve ▁done ▁that . ▁I ▁know ▁others ▁relate ▁to ▁the ▁song '
s ▁message ▁too , ▁so ▁I ▁do ▁hope ▁it ▁has ▁helped ▁them ▁do ▁the ▁same ." ▁The ▁single ▁port r ays ▁a ▁" mod ern " ▁elect rop op ▁song ▁and ▁a ▁pop ▁ball ad , ▁which ▁acts ▁as ▁a ▁departure ▁from ▁her ▁previous ▁dance ▁styles . ▁It ▁also ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁ball ad ▁released ▁in ▁her ▁career . ▁Ly ric ally , ▁the ▁recording ▁del ves ▁on ▁themes ▁of ▁new ▁beg innings , ▁choices ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁in ▁difficult ▁situations ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁move ▁forward , ▁and ▁discover ing ▁the ▁joy ▁of ▁being ▁yourself . ▁In ▁interviews , ▁Stan ▁expressed ▁that ▁the ▁content ▁of ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁is ▁personal ▁and ▁refers ▁to ▁her ▁recovery ▁following ▁her ▁alleged ▁violent ▁incident ▁previously ▁mentioned ▁with ▁Pro dan . ▁Flor in ▁Gro ze a ▁of ▁newspaper ▁A dev ăr ul ▁felt ▁the ▁line ▁" I ▁won ' t ▁spend ▁another ▁day ▁with ▁you ▁inside ▁my ▁head ... ▁How ▁could ▁you ▁be ▁so ▁cruel ? ▁Turn ed ▁me ▁into ▁a ▁li ar ." ▁was ▁directly ▁addressed ▁to ▁Pro dan . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Upon ▁its ▁release , ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁was ▁met ▁with ▁generally ▁positive ▁reviews ▁from ▁music ▁critics . ▁Roman ian ▁newspaper ▁A dev ăr ul ▁praised ▁Stan ' s ▁vocal ▁performance ▁on ▁the ▁song , ▁while ▁also ▁ac claim ing ▁its ▁l yr ical ▁message . ▁French ▁publication ▁Mus ique ▁Mag ▁lab elled ▁the ▁track ▁" a ▁self - ther apy ▁that ▁could ▁climb ▁to ▁the ▁top
▁of ▁the ▁charts ▁this ▁autumn ." ▁German ▁music ▁website ▁Hit fire ▁conf essed ▁that ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁was ▁a ▁" be aut iful ▁pop ▁ball ad , ▁which ▁also ▁didn ' t ▁become ▁too ▁dramatic ." ▁However , ▁the ▁portal ▁went ▁on ▁into ▁critic izing ▁the ▁singer ' s ▁accent ▁in ▁her ▁vocals , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁the ▁recording ▁would ▁have ▁sounded ▁better ▁in ▁Roman ian ▁language ; ▁Hit fire ▁further ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁a ▁clim ax ▁was ▁missing ▁in ▁the ▁track , ▁and ▁denied ▁that ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁would ▁become ▁a ▁hit . ▁Robin ▁Cat ling ▁of ▁Everything ▁Express ▁felt ▁the ▁song ▁could ▁score ▁high ▁at ▁a ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est , ▁comparing ▁it ▁to ▁Kelly ▁Clark son ' s ▁works . ▁Com mer c ially , ▁the ▁song ▁experienced ▁minor ▁success . ▁It ▁debut ed ▁on ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁Air play ▁ 1 0 0 ▁at ▁number ▁seventy - one ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁reaching ▁its ▁peak ▁position ▁at ▁number ▁forty - two ▁the ▁next ▁week ; ▁it ▁fell ▁to ▁number ▁fifty - one ▁in ▁the ▁week ▁ending ▁ 2 5 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁In ▁Italy , ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁opened ▁and ▁pe aked ▁on ▁the ▁F IM I ▁chart ▁at ▁position ▁eight y - three , ▁dropping ▁to ▁number ▁nin ety - seven ▁the ▁subsequent ▁edition . ▁The ▁recording ▁performed ▁well ▁on ▁Ukraine ' s ▁ ▁F DR ▁Pop ▁Songs
, ▁eventually ▁pe aking ▁at ▁number ▁one ▁on ▁the ▁week ▁ending ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Music ▁video ▁and ▁promotion ▁The ▁accompanying ▁music ▁video ▁for ▁" Thanks ▁for ▁Le aving " ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁Kh aled ▁M ok ht ar , ▁and ▁was ▁preview ed ▁by ▁several ▁teas ers ▁before ▁being ▁upload ed ▁onto ▁Stan ' s ▁YouTube ▁channel ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁It ▁was ▁preced ed ▁by ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁three ▁short ▁films " Reb irth ▁of ▁a ▁Pass enger ", ▁" No ▁Reg rets " ▁and ▁" The ▁Right ▁Mom ent ", ▁which ▁featured ▁the ▁singer ▁performing ▁ch ore ography ▁with ▁backup ▁d ancers ▁while ▁speaking ▁over ▁a ▁background ▁mel ody . ▁The ▁visual ▁was ▁fil med ▁in ▁various ▁locations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States including ▁Cal iforn i ain ▁the ▁span ▁of ▁five ▁days ; ▁Stan ▁changed ▁eleven ▁out f its ▁throughout ▁the ▁clip . ▁ ▁The ▁visual ▁opens ▁with ▁two ▁men ▁fighting , ▁including ▁one ▁of ▁them ▁being ▁thrown ▁to ▁the ▁floor ▁by ▁the ▁latter . ▁Stan list ening ▁to ▁the ▁action ▁from ▁her ▁house le aves ▁the ▁place ▁by ▁car , ▁following ▁which ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁boyfriend ▁are ▁presented ▁sitting ▁at ▁opposite ▁ends ▁of ▁a ▁bed . ▁The ▁singer ▁is ▁eventually ▁left ▁by ▁the ▁male ▁alone ▁in ▁the ▁room , ▁with ▁him ▁being ▁shown ▁entering ▁a ▁super market ▁while ▁Stan ▁l ays ▁on ▁the ▁ground ▁near ▁a ▁piano . ▁Later , ▁he ▁gets ▁back ▁to ▁her ▁house
▁again , ▁but ▁Stan ▁clos es ▁the ▁door ▁in ▁his ▁face . ▁Sub sequently , ▁she ▁is ▁port rayed ▁traveling ▁with ▁a ▁red ▁car ▁previously ▁shown ▁in ▁the ▁beginning , ▁arriving ▁at ▁an ▁old ▁vehicle ▁and ▁holding ▁a ▁bird ▁on ▁her ▁arm . ▁Over ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁music ▁video , ▁the ▁singer ▁is ▁shown ▁meeting ▁her ▁love ▁interest ▁face ▁to ▁face ▁two ▁more ▁times , ▁including ▁a ▁performance ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁to ▁a ▁bar ' s ▁crowd ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁is ▁featured , ▁sport ing ▁a ▁white ▁dress ▁and ▁head ▁access ory . ▁Her ▁su itor ▁ends ▁struggling ▁with ▁alcohol ▁issues . ▁Sc enes ▁inter sp ers ed ▁through ▁the ▁main ▁video ▁present ▁the ▁singer ▁laying ▁over ▁the ▁abandoned ▁vehicle , ▁and ▁playing ▁the ▁piano ▁in ▁her ▁room . ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁track ▁list ▁of ▁Stan ' s ▁Un locked ▁Tour ▁( 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ) ▁in ▁Japan . ▁She ▁upload ed ▁a ▁video ▁on ▁her ▁YouTube ▁channel ▁that ▁sees ▁her ▁performing ▁the ▁single ▁while ▁being ▁accompanied ▁by ▁Roman ian ▁singer ▁Vik y ▁Red ▁on ▁piano . ▁The ▁singer ▁sang ▁the ▁recording ▁live ▁for ▁Roman ian ▁radio ▁stations ▁Radio ▁Z U , ▁Pro ▁FM , ▁Radio ▁ 2 1 ▁and ▁Kiss ▁FM . ▁On ▁Radio ▁Z U , ▁Stan ▁further ▁sang ▁ ▁a ▁med ley ▁of ▁" Mr . ▁Sax obe at " ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁and ▁" Get ▁Back ▁( AS AP )" ▁( 2 0 1 2 ). ▁
▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁C red its ▁and ▁personnel ▁C red its ▁adapted ▁from ▁the ▁l iner ▁notes ▁of ▁Un locked ▁and ▁The ▁Collection . ▁ ▁Rec ording ▁Record ed ▁at ▁Perfect ▁Sound ▁Studios ▁in ▁Hollywood , ▁California . ▁ ▁Technical ▁and ▁compos ing ▁credits ▁Alexand ru ▁C oto i ▁– ▁composer , ▁producer ▁Sebastian ▁Jac ome ▁– ▁composer , ▁producer ▁Lee ▁Ana ▁James ▁– ▁composer ▁John ▁P uzz le ▁– ▁key boards ▁Vik y ▁Red ▁– ▁key boards ▁Alex andra ▁Stan ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals ▁Naz ▁Tok io ▁– ▁composer ▁ ▁Music ▁video ▁credits ▁M ih ai ▁C od lean u ▁– ▁editing ▁Alexand ru ▁Dum it ru ▁– ▁f ole y ▁artist ▁G ara ▁G amb ucc i ▁– ▁sty ling ▁And ra ▁M oga ▁– ▁sty ling ▁Kh aled ▁M ok ht ar ▁– ▁director , ▁director ▁of ▁photography , ▁script ▁La urent ▁More l ▁– ▁color ist ▁B arna ▁Nem eth i ▁– ▁script ▁Carm en ▁R iz ac ▁– ▁post ▁production ▁coord inator ▁Eli as ▁Tal bot ▁– ▁producer , ▁script ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Release ▁history ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁ball ads ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁songs ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁singles ▁Category : Alex andra ▁Stan ▁songs ▁Category : E lect rop op ▁ball ads <0x0A> </s> ▁K - 1 9 ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁state ▁highway ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Kansas . ▁From ▁U . S . ▁Route ▁
5 0 ▁( US - 5 0 ) ▁to ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur ▁it ▁is ▁signed ▁as ▁north – s outh ▁and ▁from ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur ▁to ▁US - 2 8 1 ▁it ▁is ▁signed ▁as ▁east – west . ▁K - 1 9 ' s ▁southern ▁termin us ▁is ▁at ▁US - 5 0 ▁in ▁Bel pre , ▁and ▁the ▁eastern ▁termin us ▁is ▁at ▁US - 2 8 1 ▁east ▁of ▁S eward . ▁▁ ▁K - 1 9 ▁was ▁first ▁designated ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁and ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁started ▁in ▁Bel pre ▁and ▁ended ▁in ▁L arn ed . ▁Then ▁between ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁K - 1 9 ▁was ▁extended ▁east , ▁from ▁south ▁of ▁L arn ed , ▁along ▁the ▁former ▁K - 3 7 ▁design ation ▁to ▁K - 8 , ▁now ▁US - 2 8 1 . ▁ ▁Route ▁description ▁K - 1 9 ▁runs ▁north – s outh ▁for ▁its ▁first ▁, ▁and ▁east – west ▁for ▁its ▁final ▁. ▁The ▁first ▁leg ▁begins ▁at ▁US - 5 0 ▁in ▁Bel pre ▁and ▁near ▁the ▁Arkansas ▁River ▁south ▁of ▁L arn ed , ▁K - 1 9 ▁turns ▁east ▁for ▁its ▁second ▁leg , ▁by pass ing ▁both ▁Rad ium ▁and ▁S eward ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁before ▁ending ▁at ▁US - 2 8 1 . ▁ ▁K - 1 9 ▁begins ▁at ▁US - 5 0 ▁in ▁Bel
pre ▁and ▁shortly ▁cross es ▁an ▁Am tr ak ▁track ▁then ▁leaves ▁Bel pre . ▁It ▁then ▁continues ▁north ward ▁for ▁ ▁through ▁flat ▁rural ▁farm lands ▁before ▁entering ▁into ▁P aw ne e ▁County . ▁Appro xim ately ▁ ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁county ▁line ▁it ▁cross es ▁Pick le ▁Creek , ▁a ▁t ribut ary ▁of ▁the ▁Arkansas ▁River , ▁and ▁passes ▁Z ook . ▁From ▁there ▁it ▁continues ▁north ward ▁for ▁roughly ▁ ▁then ▁reaches ▁the ▁termin us ▁of ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur . ▁At ▁this ▁point ▁it ▁is ▁re design ated ▁as ▁an ▁east – west ▁route . ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur ▁cross es ▁the ▁Arkansas ▁River ▁and ▁ends ▁about ▁ ▁later ▁at ▁US - 5 6 ▁in ▁L arn ed . ▁▁ ▁From ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur , ▁K - 1 9 ▁travels ▁east ward ▁for ▁about ▁ ▁before ▁crossing ▁Pick le ▁Creek ▁again . ▁From ▁there ▁it ▁continues ▁east ward ▁for ▁roughly ▁another ▁ ▁and ▁cross es ▁into ▁Staff ord ▁County , ▁traveling ▁south ▁of ▁Rad ium ▁ ▁after ▁crossing ▁the ▁county ▁line . ▁After ▁roughly ▁another ▁ ▁it ▁reaches ▁the ▁termin us ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁K - 2 1 9 , ▁a ▁ ▁sp ur ▁that ▁served ▁S eward ▁until ▁it ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁It ▁then ▁continues ▁another ▁ ▁and ▁reaches ▁its ▁eastern ▁termin us ▁at ▁US - 2 8 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁Kansas ▁Department ▁of ▁Transport ation ▁( K DOT
) ▁tracks ▁the ▁traffic ▁levels ▁on ▁its ▁high ways , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁they ▁determined ▁that ▁on ▁average ▁the ▁traffic ▁varied ▁from ▁ 5 4 0 ▁vehicles ▁at ▁the ▁termin us ▁of ▁former ▁K - 2 1 9 ▁to ▁ 1 3 9 0 ▁vehicles ▁slightly ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁termin us ▁of ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur . ▁K - 1 9 ▁is ▁not ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Highway ▁System . ▁The ▁National ▁Highway ▁System ▁is ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁high ways ▁important ▁to ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁defense , ▁economy , ▁and ▁mobility . ▁K - 1 9 ▁does ▁connect ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Highway ▁System ▁at ▁each ▁termin us , ▁US - 5 0 ▁and ▁US - 2 8 1 , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁US - 5 6 ▁via ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur . ▁ ▁History ▁K - 1 9 ▁was ▁first ▁designated ▁by ▁K DOT ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁and ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁ran ▁from ▁US - 5 0 S ▁in ▁Bel pre ▁north ward ▁to ▁US - 5 0 N ▁in ▁L arn ed . ▁Also ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁the ▁segment ▁from ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur ▁east ward ▁to ▁then ▁K - 8 ▁was ▁designated ▁as ▁K - 3 7 . ▁Between ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁the ▁K - 3 7 ▁design ation ▁was ▁removed ▁and ▁K - 1 9 ▁was ▁extended ▁along ▁its ▁old ▁alignment ▁to ▁K -
8 ▁which ▁later ▁became ▁US - 2 8 1 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁K - 1 9 ▁was ▁extended ▁ ▁south ward ▁in ▁Edwards ▁County ▁when ▁US - 5 0 , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁US - 5 0 S , ▁was ▁slightly ▁real igned ▁within ▁Bel pre . ▁In ▁P aw ne e ▁County , ▁K - 1 9 ▁was ▁slightly ▁real igned ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur ▁to ▁eliminate ▁some ▁sharp ▁ ▁curves . ▁ ▁In ▁Staff ord ▁County , ▁K - 1 9 ▁originally ▁turned ▁north ▁on ▁present ▁day ▁Rad ium ▁Road ▁towards ▁Rad ium , ▁then ▁followed ▁N W ▁ 1 5 0 th ▁Street ▁east ▁to ▁end ▁at ▁US - 2 8 1 , ▁passing ▁just ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁S eward ▁along ▁the ▁way . ▁In ▁a ▁September ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁resolution , ▁the ▁turn ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁at ▁Rad ium ▁Road ▁was ▁eliminated ▁and ▁K - 1 9 ▁was ▁real igned ▁to ▁continue ▁east ward ▁to ▁its ▁current ▁eastern ▁termin us . ▁ ▁Major ▁jun ctions ▁ ▁Sp ur ▁route ▁ ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁sp ur ▁route ▁of ▁K - 1 9 . ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur ▁begins ▁at ▁an ▁intersection ▁with ▁K - 1 9 , ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁where ▁it ▁cross es ▁the ▁Arkansas ▁River , ▁and ▁travels ▁north ward ▁to ▁US - 5 6 ▁in ▁L arn ed . ▁ 2 0
1 7 ▁A AD T ▁on ▁K - 1 9 ▁Sp ur ▁was ▁ 2 6 5 0 . ▁ ▁Major ▁jun ctions ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Kansas ▁Department ▁of ▁Transport ation ▁State ▁Map ▁ ▁K DOT : ▁Historic ▁State ▁M aps ▁▁ 0 1 9 ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Edwards ▁County , ▁Kansas ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁P aw ne e ▁County , ▁Kansas ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Staff ord ▁County , ▁Kansas <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁women ' s ▁high ▁jump ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁was ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁Est adio ▁At let ico ▁" Just o ▁Roman " ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁March . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : A thlet ics ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Pan <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Church ▁of ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Mer cy ▁is ▁a ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁parish ▁church ▁under ▁the ▁authority ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁New ▁York , ▁located ▁at ▁ 2 4 9 6 ▁Mar ion ▁Avenue , ▁Ford ham , ▁Bron x , ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Par ish ▁history ▁The ▁parish ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 . ▁" The ▁old ▁Church ▁of ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Mer cy ▁on ▁the ▁grounds ▁of ▁Ford ham ▁University , ▁having ▁re verted ▁to ▁the ▁use ▁for ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁originally ▁intended , ▁it ▁became ▁necessary ▁to ▁provide
▁a ▁church ▁for ▁the ▁Cath ol ics ▁of ▁that ▁vic inity , ▁who ▁had ▁for ▁years ▁attended ▁the ▁old ▁church ▁within ▁the ▁college ▁gates . ▁Rev . ▁C . ▁R ig ney , ▁formerly ▁past or ▁of ▁St . ▁Joseph ' s ▁Church , ▁Ross ville , ▁St aten ▁Island , ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁organize ▁the ▁parish , ▁and ▁began ▁his ▁work ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 2 . ▁He ▁secured ▁the ▁old ▁club - house ▁of ▁the ▁T amm any ▁Society ▁and ▁altered ▁it ▁into ▁a ▁church ▁structure . ▁His ▁first ▁assistant ▁was ▁the ▁Rev . ▁Ed mund ▁W . ▁C ron in , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁afterward ▁assist ed ▁by ▁the ▁Rev . ▁Michael ▁F . ▁Hor an ▁and ▁James ▁A . ▁Collins . ▁The ▁re ctor , ▁the ▁Rev . ▁Patrick ▁N . ▁B res lin , ▁is ▁assist ed ▁by ▁the ▁Rev . ▁Justin ▁J . ▁Ly ons ▁and ▁Martin ▁P . ▁O ' G ara ." ▁The ▁address ▁listed ▁for ▁this ▁mission ▁was ▁not ▁given ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁listed ▁as ▁being ▁in ▁Ford ham . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁the ▁congreg ation ▁number ed ▁around ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁the ▁church ▁property ▁was ▁valued ▁at ▁$ 6 5 , 0 0 0 , ▁with ▁a ▁de pt ▁of ▁$ 1 1 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Build ings ▁The ▁present ▁G oth ic ▁Rev ival - style ▁church ▁building ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9
1 0 . ▁ ▁Past ors ▁ ▁The ▁Rev . ▁C . ▁R ig ney ▁ ▁The ▁Rev . ▁Ed mund ▁W . ▁C ron in , ▁assist ed ▁by ▁the ▁Rev . ▁Michael ▁F . ▁Hor an ▁and ▁the ▁Rev . ▁James ▁A . ▁Collins ▁ ▁The ▁Rev . ▁Patrick ▁N . ▁B res lin , ▁assist ed ▁by ▁the ▁Rev . ▁Justin ▁J . ▁Ly ons ▁and ▁the ▁Rev . ▁Martin ▁P . ▁O ' G ara ▁ ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Mer cy ▁Element ary ▁School ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁the ▁par och ial ▁school , ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Mer cy ▁School , ▁was ▁conducted ▁by ▁ 7 ▁Urs ul ine ▁N uns ▁and ▁ 2 ▁lay ▁teachers , ▁and ▁had ▁ 1 3 2 ▁boys ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 ▁girls . ▁The ▁school , ▁located ▁on ▁Web ster ▁Avenue , ▁was ▁built ▁for ▁$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁the ▁designs ▁of ▁architect ▁John ▁V . ▁Van ▁P elt ▁The ▁official ▁address ▁given ▁for ▁the ▁elementary ▁school ▁is ▁ 2 5 1 2 ▁Mar ion ▁Avenue , ▁Bron x , ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁The ▁school ▁has ▁around ▁ 3 0 0 ▁students ▁from ▁Pre k inder g arten ▁to ▁ 8 th ▁Grade . ▁In ▁June , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Mer cy ▁parish ▁school ▁at ▁ 2 5 1 2 ▁Mar ion ▁Avenue ▁closed . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁Web page
▁Det ailed ▁Par ish ▁History ▁with ▁Historic ▁Phot os ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Mer cy ▁Element ary ▁School ▁Official ▁Web page ▁ ▁Category : Christ ian ▁organizations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁churches ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁churches ▁in ▁the ▁Bron x ▁Category : G oth ic ▁Rev ival ▁church ▁buildings ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Private ▁middle ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁Bron x ▁Category : F ord ham , ▁Bron x ▁Category : 1 9 0 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : C ath olic ▁elementary ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁Bron x <0x0A> </s> ▁Craig ▁Charles ▁Fish be in ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Connecticut ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁representing ▁the ▁ 9 0 th ▁State ▁House ▁District . ▁ ▁A ▁resident ▁of ▁Wall ing ford , ▁Connecticut , ▁he ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Connecticut ▁General ▁Assembly ▁as ▁a ▁State ▁Represent ative ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁election ▁( to ▁fill ▁the ▁vac ancy ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁passing ▁of ▁Mary ▁G . ▁F ritz ) ▁and ▁a ▁regular ▁election , ▁both ▁held ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁date . ▁He ▁represents ▁parts ▁of ▁Wall ing ford ▁and ▁Che shire . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Fish be in ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁in ▁Queens , ▁New ▁York ▁to ▁Norman ▁F . ▁and ▁Viv ian ▁B . ▁Fish be in ▁( n ka ▁Viv ian
▁Bit el ). ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁el dest ▁grand child ▁of ▁the ▁late ▁U ria ▁and ▁Joh anna ▁Fish be in ▁and ▁Vincent ▁and ▁Em elia ▁Bit el , ▁all ▁originally ▁of ▁Wall ing ford , ▁Connecticut . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁Mark ▁T . ▁She e han ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁Quinn ip iac ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁with ▁a ▁degree ▁in ▁Marketing , ▁and ▁from ▁Quinn ip iac ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Law ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁he ▁has ▁been ▁practicing ▁law ▁with ▁his ▁father , ▁at ▁Fish be in ▁Law ▁F irm , ▁LLC , ▁ ▁in ▁Wall ing ford . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁Fish be in ▁also ▁serves ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Wall ing ford ▁Town ▁Council , ▁having ▁first ▁been ▁elected ▁to ▁that ▁position ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁his ▁duties ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Town ▁Council , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁Chairman ▁of ▁its ▁Ord in ance ▁Committee , ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁through ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Fish be in ▁is ▁currently ▁serving ▁his ▁first ▁term ▁as ▁State ▁Represent ative ▁for ▁Connecticut ' s ▁ 9 0 th ▁District ▁which ▁includes ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁Wall ing ford , ▁Connecticut , ▁and ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁Che shire , ▁Connecticut . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁legisl ature , ▁Fish be in ▁serves ▁on ▁the ▁Public ▁Safety ▁and ▁Security ▁Committee , ▁Energy
▁& ▁Technology ▁Committee , ▁and ▁the ▁Commerce ▁Committee . ▁ ▁Fish be in ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Connecticut ▁General ▁Assembly ▁Conservative ▁C auc us . ▁ ▁E lector al ▁history ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁politicians ▁Category : Conne cticut ▁Republicans ▁Category : Qu inn ip iac ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁Connecticut ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives <0x0A> </s> ▁Leon ▁Last ar za ▁Hall ▁( born ▁December ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁American ▁football ▁corner back . ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁for ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan , ▁and ▁earned ▁consensus ▁All - American ▁hon ors . ▁Hall ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁NFL ▁D raft ▁and ▁also ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants , ▁San ▁Francisco ▁ 4 9 ers , ▁and ▁Oak land ▁R aid ers . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁Leon ▁Hall ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁O ce ans ide , ▁California . ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁V ista ▁High ▁School ▁where ▁he ▁played ▁wide ▁receiver ▁and ▁defensive ▁back . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁All - American ▁Bowl . ▁After ▁high ▁school , ▁he ▁committed ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁without ▁taking ▁an ▁official ▁visit . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁ ▁C inc
inn ati ▁Beng als ▁The ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁selected ▁Hall ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁( 1 8 th ▁overall ) ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁NFL ▁D raft . ▁Hall ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁corner back ▁draft ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁behind ▁Pitt burgh ' s ▁Dar rel le ▁Rev is ▁( 1 4 th ▁overall ). ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁signed ▁Hall ▁to ▁a ▁five - year ▁$ 1 3 . 6 0 ▁million ▁contract ▁with ▁$ 8 . 2 0 ▁million ▁guaranteed . ▁ ▁Hall ▁entered ▁training ▁camp ▁sl ated ▁as ▁the ▁third ▁corner back ▁and ▁first - team ▁nick el back ▁on ▁the ▁depth ▁chart . ▁Head ▁coach ▁Mar vin ▁Lewis ▁officially ▁named ▁him ▁the ▁third ▁corner back ▁and ▁nick el back ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁season , ▁behind ▁Del tha ▁O ' Ne al ▁and ▁John athan ▁Joseph . ▁ ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁professional ▁regular ▁season ▁debut ▁and ▁first ▁career ▁start ▁in ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ' ▁season - op ener ▁against ▁the ▁Baltimore ▁Rav ens ▁and ▁had ▁three ▁combined ▁tack les , ▁two ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁a ▁f umble ▁recovery ▁in ▁their ▁ 2 7 – 2 0 ▁victory . ▁He ▁earned ▁the ▁start ▁over ▁John athan ▁Joseph . ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Hall ▁recorded ▁two ▁solo ▁tack
les , ▁broke ▁up ▁a ▁pass , ▁and ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁career ▁inter ception ▁off ▁a ▁pass ▁by ▁quarter back ▁Matt ▁Hass el beck ▁during ▁a ▁ 2 4 – 2 1 ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁Seattle ▁Se ah aw ks ▁in ▁Week ▁ 4 . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 9 , ▁Hall ▁recorded ▁five ▁combined ▁tack les , ▁a ▁pass ▁def lection , ▁and ▁an ▁inter ception ▁during ▁a ▁ 3 3 – 2 1 ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁Buffalo ▁B ills . ▁Def ensive ▁coord inator ▁Chuck ▁B res nah an ▁named ▁him ▁the ▁starting ▁corner back ▁for ▁Week ▁ 1 0 , ▁replacing ▁Del tha ▁O ' Ne al ▁in ▁the ▁starting ▁line up . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 1 0 , ▁he ▁recorded ▁seven ▁solo ▁tack les , ▁broke ▁up ▁two ▁passes , ▁and ▁inter cept ed ▁a ▁pass ▁by ▁Kyle ▁B oll er ▁in ▁the ▁Beng als ' ▁ 2 1 – 7 ▁victory ▁at ▁the ▁Baltimore ▁Rav ens . ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Hall ▁collected ▁a ▁season - high ▁ten ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( seven ▁solo ) ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 4 – 1 0 ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁Pittsburgh ▁Steel ers ▁in ▁Week ▁ 1 3 . ▁He ▁finished ▁his ▁ro ok ie ▁season ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁with ▁ 6 8 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 5 4 ▁solo ), ▁ 1 2 ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁five ▁inter ceptions ▁in ▁ 1 6 ▁games ▁and ▁ten ▁starts . ▁Hall ▁finished
▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁season ▁as ▁the ▁Beng als ' ▁inter ception ▁leader ▁with ▁five ▁and ▁tied ▁a ▁team ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁inter ceptions ▁in ▁a ▁ro ok ie ▁season . ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Hall ▁entered ▁training ▁camp ▁as ▁a ▁starting ▁corner back ▁after ▁Del tha ▁O ' Ne al ▁was ▁granted ▁his ▁release ▁and ▁defensive ▁coord inator ▁Chuck ▁B res nah an ▁was ▁fired ▁after ▁the ▁defense ▁finished ▁ 2 8 th ▁in ▁total ▁yards . ▁Head ▁coach ▁Mar vin ▁Lewis ▁officially ▁named ▁Hall ▁and ▁John athan ▁Joseph ▁the ▁starting ▁du o ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁regular ▁season . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Hall ▁recorded ▁two ▁solo ▁tack les , ▁three ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁made ▁three ▁inter ceptions ▁during ▁a ▁ 1 4 – 0 ▁victory ▁at ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns ▁in ▁Week ▁ 1 6 . ▁He ▁inter cept ed ▁three ▁passes ▁by ▁quarter back ▁Ken ▁Dor sey ▁that ▁were ▁originally ▁intended ▁for ▁wide ▁receiver ▁and ▁former ▁Michigan ▁team mate ▁B ray lon ▁Edwards . ▁Hall ▁returned ▁the ▁second ▁inter ception ▁for ▁a ▁ 5 1 - yard ▁touchdown ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁quarter , ▁mark ing ▁his ▁first ▁career ▁pick ▁six . ▁The ▁following ▁week , ▁he ▁tied ▁a ▁season - high ▁eight ▁solo ▁tack les ▁and ▁a ▁pass ▁def lection ▁during ▁a ▁ 1 6 – 6 ▁victory ▁against ▁the ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Ch iefs ▁in ▁Week ▁ 1 7 . ▁His ▁three ▁inter ceptions ▁tied ▁a
▁franchise ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁inter ceptions ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁game . ▁Hall ▁completed ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 7 5 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 6 1 ▁solo ), ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 2 4 ▁pass ▁break - ups , ▁three ▁inter ceptions , ▁and ▁a ▁touchdown ▁in ▁ 1 6 ▁games ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁starts . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Def ensive ▁coord inator ▁Mike ▁Z immer ▁retained ▁Hall ▁and ▁Joseph ▁as ▁the ▁starting ▁corner backs ▁to ▁begin ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 6 , ▁Hall ▁collected ▁a ▁season - high ▁ 1 2 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( ten ▁solo ) ▁and ▁def lected ▁a ▁pass ▁during ▁a ▁ 2 8 – 1 7 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Houston ▁Tex ans . ▁The ▁following ▁week , ▁he ▁made ▁seven ▁combined ▁tack les , ▁a ▁season - high ▁four ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁inter cept ed ▁two ▁passes ▁by ▁quarter back ▁Kyle ▁Or ton ▁during ▁a ▁ 4 5 – 1 0 ▁win ▁against ▁the ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁in ▁Week ▁ 7 . ▁Hall ▁finished ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁season ▁with ▁ 7 1 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 5 8 ▁solo ), ▁ 2 4 ▁pass ▁break - ups , ▁two ▁forced ▁f umb les , ▁and ▁a ▁career - high ▁six ▁inter ceptions . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Hall ▁and ▁Joseph ▁returned ▁as ▁the ▁Beng als ' ▁starting ▁corner backs ▁for ▁the ▁third ▁consecutive ▁season
▁and ▁began ▁establishing ▁themselves ▁as ▁a ▁premier ▁corner back ▁tand em . ▁The ▁A FC ▁North ▁blog ▁ranked ▁them ▁the ▁third ▁best ▁du o ▁in ▁the ▁league ▁behind ▁Al ▁Harris / Char les ▁Wood son ▁( Pack ers ) ▁and ▁Dar rel le ▁Rev is / L ito ▁She pp ard ▁( J ets ). ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Hall ▁recorded ▁a ▁season - high ▁six ▁combined ▁tack les , ▁two ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁inter cept ed ▁a ▁pass ▁by ▁ro ok ie ▁quarter back ▁Jimmy ▁Cl aus en ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 – 7 ▁victory ▁at ▁the ▁Carolina ▁Pan thers ▁in ▁Week ▁ 3 . ▁The ▁following ▁week , ▁he ▁recorded ▁two ▁solo ▁tack les , ▁a ▁pass ▁def lection , ▁and ▁inter cept ed ▁a ▁pass ▁by ▁Sen eca ▁Wallace ▁in ▁the ▁Beng als ' ▁ 2 3 – 2 0 ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns ▁in ▁Week ▁ 4 . ▁Hall ▁completed ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁season ▁with ▁ 4 4 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 3 3 ▁solo ), ▁ 1 1 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁four ▁inter ceptions ▁in ▁ 1 6 ▁games ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁starts . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁signed ▁Hall ▁to ▁a ▁four - year , ▁$ 3 9 ▁million ▁contract ▁extension ▁with ▁$ 1 4 . 1 0 ▁guaranteed
▁and ▁a ▁signing ▁bonus ▁of ▁$ 9 ▁million . ▁ ▁Head ▁coach ▁Mar vin ▁Lewis ▁chose ▁Hall ▁and ▁N ate ▁C lement s ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁starting ▁corner backs ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁after ▁John athan ▁Joseph ▁depart ed ▁for ▁the ▁Houston ▁Tex ans ▁during ▁free ▁agency . ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Hall ▁to re ▁his ▁left ▁Ach illes ▁tend on ▁in ▁a ▁Week ▁ 1 0 ▁loss ▁against ▁the ▁Pittsburgh ▁Steel ers ▁and ▁was ▁placed ▁on ▁injured ▁reserve ▁the ▁following ▁day . ▁He ▁ended ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁ 3 2 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 2 9 ▁solo ), ▁seven ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁two ▁inter ceptions ▁in ▁nine ▁games ▁and ▁nine ▁starts . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Hall ▁returned ▁to ▁training ▁camp ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁saw ▁competition ▁for ▁his ▁starting ▁job ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁first ▁round ▁pick ▁Dre ▁Kirk pat rick . ▁The ▁Beng als ▁also ▁signed ▁free ▁agents ▁Jason ▁Allen ▁and ▁Ter ence ▁New man ▁to ▁bring ▁their ▁total ▁to ▁six ▁corner backs ▁who ▁are ▁former ▁first ▁round ▁picks . ▁Head ▁coach ▁Mar vin ▁Lewis ▁named ▁Hall ▁and ▁N ate ▁C lement s ▁the ▁starting ▁corner backs ▁to ▁start ▁the ▁regular ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁Week ▁ 2 , ▁Hall ▁recorded ▁a ▁season - high ▁seven ▁assist ed ▁tackle ▁and ▁two ▁pass ▁def lections ▁during ▁a ▁ 3 4 – 2 7 ▁victory ▁against ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns . ▁He ▁missed ▁two ▁games
▁( Week s ▁ 3 – 4 ) ▁after ▁inj uring ▁his ▁ham string ▁in ▁Week ▁ 2 . ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Hall ▁def lected ▁a ▁pass ▁and ▁returned ▁an ▁inter ception ▁for ▁a ▁ 1 5 - yard ▁touchdown ▁in ▁the ▁Beng als ' ▁ 1 3 – 1 0 ▁victory ▁at ▁the ▁Pittsburgh ▁Steel ers ▁in ▁Week ▁ 1 6 . ▁He ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁ 3 8 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 2 4 ▁solo ), ▁ 1 1 ▁passes ▁def ensed , ▁two ▁inter ceptions , ▁and ▁a ▁touchdown ▁in ▁ 1 4 ▁games ▁and ▁ 1 4 ▁starts . ▁ ▁The ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁finished ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁A FC ▁North ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 0 – 6 ▁record ▁and ▁clin ched ▁a ▁wild card ▁ber th . ▁On ▁January ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Hall ▁started ▁in ▁the ▁A FC ▁Wild card ▁Game ▁and ▁recorded ▁four ▁solo ▁tack les , ▁a ▁pass ▁def lection , ▁and ▁returned ▁an ▁inter ception ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 1 - yard ▁touchdown ▁in ▁their ▁ 1 9 – 1 3 ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁Houston ▁Tex ans . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Def ensive ▁coord inator ▁Mike ▁Z immer ▁retained ▁Hall ▁as ▁a ▁starting ▁corner back ▁to ▁start ▁the ▁regular ▁season , ▁along ▁with ▁Ter ence ▁New man . ▁Hall ▁started ▁in ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ' ▁season - op ener ▁at
▁the ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁and ▁recorded ▁a ▁season - high ▁seven ▁combined ▁tack les ▁and ▁two ▁pass ▁def lections ▁in ▁their ▁ 2 4 – 2 1 ▁loss . ▁He ▁was ▁in active ▁for ▁two ▁games ▁( Week s ▁ 4 – 5 ) ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁ham string ▁injury . ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Hall ▁sustained ▁an ▁injury ▁while ▁breaking ▁up ▁a ▁pass ▁to ▁Cal vin ▁Johnson ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁quarter ▁of ▁the ▁Beng als ' ▁ 2 7 – 2 4 ▁victory ▁at ▁the ▁Detroit ▁L ions ▁in ▁Week ▁ 7 . ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁officially ▁placed ▁Hall ▁on ▁injured ▁reserve ▁after ▁he ▁was ▁diagnosed ▁with ▁a ▁torn ▁Ach illes ▁tend on . ▁Hall ▁was ▁limited ▁to ▁ 2 0 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 1 4 ▁solo ), ▁five ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁an ▁inter ception ▁in ▁five ▁games ▁and ▁five ▁starts . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Head ▁coach ▁Mar vin ▁Lewis ▁retained ▁Hall ▁and ▁New man ▁as ▁the ▁starting ▁corner back ▁du o ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁consecutive ▁season , ▁ahead ▁of ▁Adam ▁" P ac man " ▁Jones , ▁Dre ▁Kirk pat rick , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁first ▁round ▁pick ▁Dar que ze ▁D enn ard . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 5 , ▁Hall ▁collected ▁a ▁season - high ▁eight ▁combined ▁tack les ▁during ▁a ▁ 4 3 – 1 7 ▁loss
▁at ▁the ▁New ▁England ▁Patri ots . ▁He ▁was ▁in active ▁for ▁the ▁Beng als ' ▁Week ▁ 1 0 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns ▁after ▁sust aining ▁a ▁conc uss ion ▁the ▁previous ▁week . ▁He ▁completed ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁season ▁with ▁ 6 7 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 4 8 ▁solo ), ▁eight ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁an ▁inter ception ▁in ▁ 1 5 ▁games ▁and ▁ 1 5 ▁starts . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Def ensive ▁coord inator ▁Paul ▁Gu ent her ▁held ▁an ▁open ▁competition ▁for ▁the ▁jobs ▁at ▁starting ▁corner back ▁after ▁replacing ▁Mike ▁Z immer ▁who ▁became ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Vik ings . ▁Hall ▁competed ▁against ▁Adam ▁Jones , ▁Dre ▁Kirk pat rick , ▁and ▁Dar que ze ▁D enn ard . ▁Head ▁coach ▁Mar vin ▁le w is ▁named ▁Hall ▁the ▁third ▁corner back ▁on ▁the ▁depth ▁chart ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁regular ▁season , ▁behind ▁Kirk pat rick ▁and ▁Jones , ▁mark ing ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁Hall ▁began ▁a ▁season ▁as ▁a ▁backup . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Hall ▁recorded ▁six ▁combined ▁tack les , ▁two ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁and ▁returned ▁an ▁inter ception ▁for ▁a ▁ 1 9 - yard ▁touchdown ▁during ▁a ▁ 3 1 – 7 ▁victory ▁against ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁R ams ▁in ▁Week ▁ 1 0 . ▁Hall ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁A FC ▁Def ensive ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁for ▁his ▁performance
. ▁Throughout ▁the ▁season , ▁Hall ▁dealt ▁with ▁a ▁back ▁injury ▁and ▁was ▁s idel ined ▁for ▁the ▁Beng als ' ▁Week ▁ 1 3 ▁win ▁at ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns . ▁Hall ▁sustained ▁a ▁conc uss ion ▁during ▁a ▁Week ▁ 1 7 ▁victory ▁against ▁the ▁Baltimore ▁Rav ens . ▁He ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁ 5 5 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 4 4 ▁solo ), ▁nine ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁two ▁inter ceptions , ▁and ▁a ▁touchdown ▁in ▁ 1 5 ▁games ▁and ▁four ▁starts . ▁ ▁The ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁finished ▁at op ▁their ▁division ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 2 – 4 ▁record . ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Hall ▁started ▁in ▁the ▁A FC ▁Wild card ▁Game ▁and ▁recorded ▁two ▁solo ▁tack les ▁and ▁a ▁pass ▁def lection ▁during ▁an ▁ 1 8 – 1 6 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Pittsburgh ▁Steel ers . ▁He ▁received ▁an ▁overall ▁grade ▁of ▁ 7 8 . 4 ▁from ▁Pro ▁Football ▁Focus ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁primarily ▁played ▁slot ▁corner . ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Hall ▁became ▁an ▁unre str icted ▁free ▁agent ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁attended ▁private ▁visits ▁with ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Cow boys ▁and ▁Arizona ▁Card inals . ▁It ▁was ▁spec ulated ▁that ▁Hall ▁remain ▁unsigned ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁back ▁surgery ▁he ▁under w ent ▁in ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁off season ▁to ▁repair ▁a ▁disc ▁injury . ▁Hall ▁required ▁epid ur als ▁to ▁play
▁throughout ▁the ▁injury ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁Hall ▁remained ▁a ▁free ▁agent , ▁but ▁received ▁interest ▁from ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁after ▁they ▁lost ▁ro ok ie ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁first ▁round ▁pick ▁William ▁Jackson ▁III ▁to ▁injury . ▁It ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁Hall ▁declined ▁a ▁contract ▁offer ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Beng als ▁and ▁chose ▁to ▁sign ▁with ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁instead . ▁ ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁On ▁August ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁signed ▁Hall ▁to ▁a ▁one - year ▁contract , ▁$ 2 ▁million ▁contract ▁with ▁a ▁signing ▁bonus ▁of ▁$ 1 1 5 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Throughout ▁training ▁camp , ▁Hall ▁competed ▁against ▁Eli ▁Apple ▁and ▁T rev in ▁W ade ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first - team ▁nick el back ▁and ▁third ▁corner back ▁on ▁the ▁depth ▁chart . ▁Head ▁coach ▁Ben ▁Mc A do o ▁named ▁Hall ▁the ▁fifth ▁corner back ▁on ▁the ▁depth ▁chart ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁regular ▁season , ▁behind ▁Jan or is ▁Jen kins , ▁Domin ique ▁Rod gers - C rom art ie , ▁Eli ▁Apple , ▁and ▁T rev in ▁W ade . ▁ ▁Hall ▁spent ▁the ▁season - op ener ▁on ▁special ▁teams , ▁but ▁quickly ▁sur pass ed ▁T rev in ▁W ade ▁on ▁the ▁depth ▁chart ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁Gi ants ' ▁fourth ▁corner back ▁option ▁for ▁the ▁following ▁game . ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 6
, ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Hall ▁recorded ▁five ▁combined ▁tack les ▁and ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁career ▁s ack ▁on ▁D rew ▁B rees ▁during ▁a ▁ 1 6 – 1 3 ▁victory ▁against ▁the ▁New ▁Orleans ▁S aints ▁in ▁Week ▁ 2 . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 4 , ▁he ▁collected ▁a ▁season - high ▁seven ▁combined ▁tack les ▁in ▁the ▁Gi ants ' ▁ 2 4 – 1 0 ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Vik ings ▁in ▁Week ▁ 4 . ▁He ▁became ▁the ▁third ▁corner back ▁on ▁the ▁depth ▁chart ▁after ▁Apple ▁injured ▁his ▁ham string ▁and ▁was ▁s idel ined ▁for ▁three ▁games ▁( Week s ▁ 4 – 5 ). ▁Hall ▁was ▁sur pass ed ▁on ▁the ▁depth ▁chart ▁by ▁T rev in ▁W ade ▁and ▁Cot y ▁S ens ab augh ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁healthy ▁scratch ▁for ▁four ▁games ▁( Week s ▁ 9 – 1 2 ). ▁He ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁ 3 1 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 2 1 ▁solo ), ▁two ▁pass ▁def lections , ▁two ▁s acks , ▁and ▁an ▁inter ception ▁in ▁ 1 2 ▁games ▁and ▁two ▁starts . ▁Pro ▁Football ▁Focus ▁gave ▁Hall ▁an ▁overall ▁grade ▁of ▁ 7 5 . 9 , ▁which ▁ranked ▁him ▁as ▁the ▁ 4 3 rd ▁best ▁corner back ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Hall ▁became ▁an ▁unre str icted ▁free ▁agent ▁after ▁his ▁l one ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants . ▁On ▁May ▁
3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Hall ▁attended ▁a ▁private ▁meeting ▁with ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁ 4 9 ers , ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁signed ▁to ▁contract . ▁ ▁San ▁Francisco ▁ 4 9 ers ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁ 4 9 ers ▁signed ▁Hall ▁to ▁a ▁one - year , ▁$ 1 ▁million ▁contract ▁for ▁the ▁league ▁minimum ▁as ▁a ▁ten - year ▁veteran . ▁The ▁ 4 9 ers ▁signed ▁Hall ▁after ▁corner back ▁As a ▁Jackson ▁was ▁placed ▁on ▁injured ▁reserve . ▁Head ▁coach ▁Kyle ▁Shan ahan ▁named ▁Hall ▁the ▁fourth ▁corner back ▁on ▁the ▁depth ▁chart , ▁behind ▁Ah k ello ▁With ers poon , ▁D ont ae ▁Johnson , ▁and ▁K ' W a un ▁Williams . ▁Hall ▁was ▁a ▁healthy ▁scratch ▁for ▁the ▁ 4 9 ers ' ▁Week ▁ 6 ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁Washington ▁Red sk ins . ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁ 4 9 ers ▁released ▁Hall , ▁but ▁was ▁re - signed ▁five ▁days ▁later ▁after ▁K ' W a un ▁Williams ▁sustained ▁a ▁quad rice ps ▁injury . ▁In ▁Week ▁ 1 6 , ▁Hall ▁recorded ▁a ▁season - high ▁five ▁solo ▁tack les ▁during ▁a ▁ 4 4 – 3 3 ▁win ▁against ▁the ▁Jackson ville ▁J agu ars . ▁Hall ▁finished ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁season ▁with ▁ 1 6 ▁combined ▁tack les ▁( 1 5 ▁solo
) ▁and ▁def lected ▁a ▁pass ▁in ▁nine ▁games ▁and ▁one ▁start . ▁He ▁earned ▁an ▁overall ▁grade ▁of ▁ 4 4 . 2 ▁from ▁Pro ▁Football ▁Focus ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Oak land ▁R aid ers ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁Oak land ▁R aid ers ▁signed ▁Hall ▁to ▁a ▁one - year , ▁$ 1 ▁million ▁contract ▁that ▁includes ▁a ▁signing ▁bonus ▁of ▁$ 4 5 , 0 0 0 . ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁ 1 0 ▁games , ▁starting ▁four , ▁before ▁being ▁placed ▁on ▁injured ▁reserve ▁on ▁November ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁with ▁a ▁back ▁injury . ▁ ▁NFL ▁career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁bio ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁players ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁Category : All - American ▁college ▁football ▁players ▁Category : American ▁football ▁corner backs ▁Category : C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M ich igan ▁W olver ines ▁football ▁players ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁players ▁Category : O ak land ▁R aid ers ▁players ▁Category : Play ers ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁from ▁California ▁Category : San ▁Francisco ▁ 4 9 ers ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁O ce ans ide , ▁California ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁San ▁Diego <0x0A> </s> ▁S air
a ▁Khan ▁( born ▁ 1 5 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁television ▁present er . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁runner - up ▁of ▁The ▁App rent ice . ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Khan ▁co - present ed ▁The ▁Martin ▁Lewis ▁Money ▁Show ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁she ▁presented ▁the ▁IT V ▁series ▁Gu ess ▁This ▁House ., ▁currently ▁she ▁runs ▁a ▁sk inc are ▁ ▁business ▁called ▁S air a ▁Sk in , ▁she ▁also ▁is ▁a ▁panel ist ▁on ▁Lo ose ▁Women ▁and ▁competed ▁in ▁Cele br ity ▁Big ▁Brother ▁ 1 8 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁she ▁competed ▁in ▁D ancing ▁on ▁Ice . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Khan ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Long ▁E aton , ▁Der by shire ▁to ▁immigrants ▁from ▁Az ad ▁K ash mir , ▁Pakistan . ▁She ▁belongs ▁to ▁a ▁Mir p uri ▁Sud han ▁family ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁following ▁a ▁mis car riage ▁and ▁difficulties ▁in ▁trying ▁to ▁con ceive ▁a ▁second ▁child , ▁Khan ▁traveled ▁to ▁the ▁Ed hi ▁Foundation ▁Or phan age ▁in ▁Kar achi , ▁Pakistan , ▁where ▁she ▁adopted ▁her ▁daughter ▁Am ara ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁ 4 ▁days ▁old . ▁Khan ▁described ▁her ▁experience ▁on ▁Lo ose ▁Women ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁and ▁also ▁documented ▁the ▁adoption ▁process ▁in ▁a ▁documentary ▁on ▁BBC ▁Two , ▁Ad
op ting ▁Ab road : ▁S air a ’ s ▁Story . ▁ ▁Career ▁Khan ▁has ▁since ▁become ▁a ▁regular ▁face ▁on ▁British ▁TV . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁she ▁presented ▁Tem per ▁Your ▁Tem per , ▁a ▁programme ▁dealing ▁with ▁anger ▁management . ▁She ▁has ▁presented ▁several ▁document aries ▁for ▁the ▁BBC ▁including ▁" S air a ▁Khan ' s ▁Pakistan ▁Advent ure " ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁" Ad op ting ▁Ab road , ▁S air a ' s ▁Story " ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁appearing ▁as ▁a ▁guest ▁on ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁ ▁BBC ▁and ▁IT V ▁shows ▁such ▁as ▁Read y ▁Ste ady ▁Cook ▁and ▁Count down . ▁She ▁presented ▁the ▁CB BC ▁show ▁Trade ▁Your ▁Way ▁to ▁the ▁USA ▁and ▁previously ▁presented ▁Beat ▁the ▁B oss . ▁She ▁presented ▁an ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁BBC ' s ▁Money ▁Program me ▁about ▁entrepreneur ial ▁mothers . ▁ ▁Khan ▁has ▁also ▁contributed ▁to ▁radio ▁notably ▁to ▁Radio ▁ 4 ' s ▁Woman ' s ▁H our ▁and ▁Radio ▁ 2 ' s ▁The ▁Jeremy ▁V ine ▁Show ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Radio ▁ 4 ' s ▁Any ▁Questions ? ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Khan ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁new ▁campaign ▁called ▁O UR ▁S AY ▁to ▁campaign ▁for ▁local ▁and ▁national ▁refer enda ▁on ▁issues ▁of ▁major ▁public ▁interest . ▁Khan ▁also ▁runs ▁her ▁own ▁baby - products ▁business ▁called ▁M iam oo . ▁ ▁She ▁has
▁also ▁written ▁a ▁self - help ▁book , ▁P . U . S . H . ▁For ▁Success . ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁she ▁co - host ed ▁The ▁Martin ▁Lewis ▁Money ▁Show ▁alongside ▁Martin ▁Lewis ▁but ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Ran vir ▁Singh . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁she ▁appeared ▁with ▁her ▁son ▁on ▁Big ▁Star ' s ▁Little ▁Star ▁where ▁they ▁won ▁£ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁charity . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁she ▁began ▁hosting ▁Gu ess ▁This ▁House , ▁a ▁new ▁day time ▁game ▁show ▁for ▁IT V . ▁The ▁first ▁series ▁a ired ▁for ▁ 2 5 x 6 0 ▁episodes . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁regular ▁panel ist ▁on ▁Lo ose ▁Women . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁she ▁appeared ▁on ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁Point less ▁Cele brit ies . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Khan ▁entered ▁the ▁Cele br ity ▁Big ▁Brother ▁house ▁and ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁show ' s ▁eight eenth ▁series . ▁On ▁ 9 ▁August , ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁second ▁house mate ▁to ▁be ▁voted ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁Big ▁Brother ▁house . ▁Khan ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁a ▁celebr ity ▁edition ▁of ▁The ▁Chase , ▁a ired ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁being ▁knocked ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁by ▁Mark ▁Lab b ett . ▁On ▁ 6 ▁January ▁
2 0 1 8 , ▁Khan ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁And ▁They ' re ▁Off ! , ▁where ▁she ▁placed ▁fifth . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Khan ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁ele vent h ▁series ▁of ▁D ancing ▁on ▁Ice , ▁and ▁finished ▁in ▁nin th ▁place , ▁alongside ▁her ▁professional ▁partner ▁Mark ▁Han re tty . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nom inations ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Khan ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Services ▁to ▁Media ▁award ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Muslim ▁Awards . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Beat ▁the ▁B oss ▁( B BC ▁Press ▁Office ) ▁Media A mb itions ▁: ▁S air a ▁Khan ▁Woman ' s ▁H our : ▁S air a ▁Khan ▁ 6 0 ▁SE CON DS : ▁S air a ▁Khan ▁Metro ▁Inter view ▁in ▁Marie ▁Claire ▁P ush y ▁S air a ' s ▁aim ing ▁for ▁business ▁success ▁ic B erk shire ▁' I ' m ▁an ▁entrepreneur ▁– ▁not ▁an ▁app rent ice ' ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : B rit ish ▁business people ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Muslims ▁Category : Cont est ants ▁on ▁British ▁game ▁shows ▁Category : English ▁people ▁of ▁Az ad ▁K ash mir i ▁descent ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Part icip ants ▁in ▁British ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Long ▁E aton ▁Category : The ▁App rent ice ▁( B rit ish
▁TV ▁series ) ▁candidates <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁She ep ▁Creek ▁Range ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁range ▁in ▁L ander ▁County , ▁Nevada ▁nort heast ▁of ▁Battle ▁Mountain . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁dop pler ▁radar ▁station . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Mount ain ▁ranges ▁of ▁Nevada ▁Category : Mount ain ▁ranges ▁of ▁L ander ▁County , ▁Nevada <0x0A> </s> ▁Ben ▁Mc N iece ▁( born ▁ 2 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁professional ▁Australian ▁rules ▁football er ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁Ess end on ▁Football ▁Club ▁in ▁the ▁Australian ▁Football ▁League ▁( A FL ). ▁He ▁was ▁recru ited ▁by ▁Ess end on ▁as ▁a ▁category ▁B ▁ro ok ie ▁through ▁the ▁next ▁generation ▁academ y ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁qual ifying ▁by ▁virtue ▁of ▁his ▁mother ▁being ▁Indian . ▁He ▁had ▁previously ▁played ▁for ▁Ess end on ' s ▁V FL ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁prior ▁two ▁seasons . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁A FL ▁debut ▁in ▁the ▁An z ac ▁Day ▁cl ash ▁against ▁ ▁at ▁the ▁Melbourne ▁Cr icket ▁Ground ▁in ▁round ▁five ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁season ▁in ▁an ▁eighteen - point ▁win . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : E ss end on ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rules ▁football ers ▁from ▁Victoria ▁( Austral ia ) ▁Category : Austral ian ▁people ▁of ▁Ang lo - Ind
ian ▁descent ▁Category : Austral ian ▁people ▁of ▁Indian ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁The ▁Be ast ▁Strong man ▁Challenge , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁The ▁Be ast ▁World ▁Strong man ▁Challenge ▁was ▁a ▁short - l ived ▁annual ▁strong man ▁competition ▁that ▁was ▁notable ▁for ▁the ▁cal ib re ▁of ▁the ▁entr ants ▁it ▁attracted , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁for ▁the ▁reputation ▁it ▁att ained ▁in ▁a ▁short ▁amount ▁of ▁time . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁The ▁Be ast ▁Strong man ▁Challenge ▁was ▁organ ised ▁and ▁promoted ▁by ▁strong man ▁compet itor ▁O dd ▁H au gen ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁It ▁was ▁initially ▁promoted ▁on ▁the ▁IF SA ▁circuit ▁as ▁the ▁North ▁American ▁open ▁championship ▁and ▁from ▁its ▁in ception ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Hon ol ulu , ▁Hawaii . ▁ ▁In ▁its ▁first ▁year ▁it ▁was ▁dominated ▁by ▁the ▁USA , ▁with ▁the ▁winner ▁being ▁Mark ▁Philip pi , ▁a ▁successful ▁ath lete ▁in ▁other ▁major ▁tour naments ▁such ▁as ▁World ▁Mus cle ▁Power ▁Classic . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁the ▁promot er ▁and ▁compet itor , ▁O dd ▁H au gen ▁had ▁ent iced ▁many ▁more ▁international ▁competitors ▁including ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁World ' s ▁Strong est ▁Man ▁winner ▁Magn us ▁Samuel sson ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁World ' s ▁Strong est ▁Man ▁winner ▁J ou ko ▁Ah ola . ▁The ▁previous ▁year ▁had ▁been ▁the ▁final ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁format ▁World
▁Strong man ▁Challenge , ▁and ▁so ▁H au gen ▁app ended ▁this ▁prest igious ▁events ▁title ▁to ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁The ▁Be ast , ▁thus ▁con itu ing ▁the ▁tradition ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁strength ▁athlet ics ▁more ▁end uring ▁brands . ▁Ah ola ▁tested ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁events ▁for ▁H au gen ▁and ▁gave ▁his ▁approval ▁by ▁stating ▁" This ▁is ▁like ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁competition , ▁heavy . ▁I ▁like ▁that ." ▁With ▁such ▁ped ig ree ▁the ▁competition ▁did ▁draw ▁on ▁June ▁ 5 ▁and ▁ 6 , ▁the ▁top ▁American ▁competitors , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁biggest ▁names ▁on ▁the ▁international ▁strong man ▁circuit . ▁It ▁was ▁called ▁the ▁" 2 4 ▁H our ▁F itness " ▁" Be aut y ▁& ▁the ▁Be ast " ▁strong man ▁competition ▁and ▁featured ▁on ▁ESP N ' s ▁" American ▁Mus cle ▁Magazine ". ▁The ▁IF SA ▁combined ▁an ▁IF SA ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁and ▁the ▁IF SA ▁American ▁Championships ▁into ▁this ▁event . ▁The ▁promot er , ▁O dd ▁H au gen , ▁placed ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁IF SA ▁American ▁Championships ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁competition , ▁although ▁no ▁USA ▁ath lete ▁made ▁the ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁pod ium . ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁again ▁attracted ▁international ▁strong men ▁who ▁again ▁dominated ▁the ▁stand ings , ▁with ▁Jan ne ▁V irt an en ▁winning ▁the ▁event . ▁These ▁championship s ▁were ▁also ▁notable ▁for ▁introducing ▁the ▁Roll ing ▁Th under ▁World ▁Championships , ▁seen ▁as ▁the ▁event ▁that
▁determines ▁the ▁ath lete ▁with ▁the ▁greatest ▁grip ▁strength ▁on ▁the ▁planet . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁this ▁was ▁a ▁kick off ▁event ▁in ▁a ▁Hon ol ulu ▁sports ▁bar ▁the ▁night ▁before ▁the ▁strong man ▁competition ▁began . ▁Those ▁that ▁entered ▁included ▁the ▁four - time ▁World ' s ▁Strong est ▁Man ▁winner ▁Magn us ▁Ver ▁Magn us son . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁edition ▁of ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁the ▁Be ast ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁one - day , ▁eight - event ▁contest . ▁The ▁pod ium ▁saw ▁three ▁event ual ▁winners ▁of ▁the ▁World ' s ▁Strong est ▁Man ▁title ▁with ▁Magn us ▁Samuel sson , ▁Phil ▁Pf ister ▁and ▁Sv end ▁Karl sen ▁finishing ▁first , ▁second ▁and ▁third ▁respectively . ▁By ▁now ▁O dd ▁H au gen ▁was ▁cred ited ▁with ▁having ▁done ▁an ▁incredible ▁job ▁of ▁organ izing ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁great ▁cont ests ▁on ▁the ▁strong man ▁circuit ▁making ▁this ▁a ▁preview ▁for ▁the ▁World ' s ▁Strong est ▁man . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁Be ast ▁was ▁scheduled ▁for ▁June ▁ 8 , ▁featuring ▁defending ▁World ' s ▁Strong est ▁Man ▁winner ▁Sv end ▁Karl sen , ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁top ▁competitors ▁including ▁Jan ne ▁V irt an en , ▁Hugo ▁Gir ard , ▁Martin ▁Mu hr , ▁W out ▁Z ij l stra , ▁Phil ▁Pf ister , ▁Karl ▁G illing ham , ▁Brian ▁Sch
oon vel d , ▁Jesse ▁Mar unde , ▁and ▁Grant ▁H iga . ▁The ▁IF SA ▁World ▁Strong man ▁Super ▁Series ▁was ▁being ▁heavily ▁promoted ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁the ▁Be ast ▁formed ▁part ▁of ▁that . ▁In ▁the ▁end , ▁it ▁became ▁the ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁Final ▁held ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁finishing ▁off ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁season . ▁The ▁very ▁next ▁day , ▁a ▁second ▁Hawaii ▁Grand ▁Prix , ▁again ▁deemed ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁the ▁Be ast , ▁was ▁held ▁as ▁the ▁op ener ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁IF SA ▁World ▁Strong man ▁Super ▁Series . ▁Some ▁deemed ▁this ▁a ▁little ▁far c ical . ▁This ▁turned ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁last ▁holding ▁of ▁the ▁event . ▁Like ▁the ▁World ▁Mus cle ▁Power ▁Classic , ▁once ▁the ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁the ▁Be ast ▁became ▁ent angled ▁with ▁the ▁Super ▁Series , ▁it ▁lost ▁its ▁stand ▁alone ▁grav itas ▁and ▁quickly ▁fell ▁from ▁favour . ▁In ▁the ▁tent ative ▁schedule ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 / 0 5 ▁Super ▁Series ▁there ▁was ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁November ▁Hawaii ▁Grand ▁Prix , ▁but ▁that ▁season ▁was ▁fo resh ort ened ▁and ▁this ▁did ▁not ▁take ▁place . ▁ ▁The ▁Beaut y ▁The ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁the ▁Be ast ▁was ▁so - called ▁because ▁there ▁were ▁in ▁fact ▁two ▁events ▁running . ▁The ▁strong man ▁equ ated ▁to ▁the ▁Be ast . ▁The
▁beauty ▁was ▁initially ▁a ▁b ik ini ▁fitness ▁challenge . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁this ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁first ▁ever ▁Women ' s ▁Stre ngth ▁& ▁F itness ▁Challenge . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Roll ing ▁Th under ▁The ▁association ▁between ▁Strong man ▁cont ests ▁and ▁the ▁Roll ing ▁Th under ▁grip ▁cont ests , ▁as ▁seen ▁at ▁Mo he gan ▁Sun ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁events ▁and ▁Fort iss im us ▁began ▁with ▁O dd ▁H au gen ' s ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁the ▁Be ast ▁cont ests . ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Roll ing ▁Th under ▁World ▁Championships ▁was ▁a ▁kick off ▁event ▁in ▁a ▁Hon ol ulu ▁sports ▁bar ▁the ▁night ▁before ▁the ▁strong man ▁competition ▁began . ▁On ▁May ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁the ▁second ▁annual ▁Iron M ind ▁Roll ing ▁Th under ▁World ▁Championships ▁were ▁held ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ▁Beaut y ▁& ▁the ▁Be ast ▁strong man ▁competition . ▁Both ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁were ▁won ▁by ▁Jan ▁Bart l . ▁No ▁such ▁championship ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁with ▁the ▁IF SA ▁shifting ▁the ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁date ▁for ▁the ▁contest ▁to ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁The ▁world ▁championship s ▁were ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁re int rodu ced ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁Roll ing ▁Th under ▁World ▁Championships ▁at ▁Beaut y ▁and ▁the ▁Be
ast ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁strong man ▁compet itions ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Str ong men ▁compet itions <0x0A> </s> ▁T win ▁Falls ▁was ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁hydro elect ric ▁power ▁station ▁was ▁developed ▁there ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁New found land ▁Development ▁Corporation ▁( Br in co ) ▁to ▁deliver ▁power ▁to ▁mining ▁operations ▁in ▁Lab rad or ▁City ▁and ▁W ab ush . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁Un known ▁River , ▁a ▁t ribut ary ▁of ▁the ▁Churchill ▁River ▁that ▁dr ains ▁the ▁central ▁Lab rad or ▁bas in . ▁Construction ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁The ▁river ▁was ▁dam med ▁at ▁T win ▁Falls ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁O ss ok man uan ▁Res erv oir . ▁When ▁finished ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁the ▁station ▁had ▁a ▁total ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 2 2 5 ▁M W ▁with ▁two ▁ ▁long ▁transmission ▁lines ▁at ▁ 2 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁vol ts ▁( or ▁ 2 3 0 ▁k V ). ▁It ▁cost ▁$ 4 7 . 5 ▁million ▁( 1 9 6 3 ). ▁ ▁T win ▁Falls ▁power ▁was ▁essential ▁to ▁the ▁later ▁development ▁at ▁Churchill ▁Falls . ▁It ▁helped ▁open ▁up ▁the ▁area ▁and ▁supplied ▁the ▁power ▁required ▁during ▁the ▁construction ▁phase ▁of ▁the ▁project . ▁In ▁the ▁planning ▁stage , ▁however , ▁it ▁became ▁apparent ▁that ▁greater ▁efficiency ▁in ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁electricity ▁could ▁be ▁achieved ▁by ▁diver ting ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁water ▁from ▁the
▁O ss ok man uan ▁Res erv oir ▁into ▁the ▁Small wood ▁Res erv oir . ▁Util izing ▁this ▁water ▁at ▁the ▁Churchill ▁Falls ▁plant ▁enabled ▁approximately ▁three ▁times ▁as ▁much ▁electricity ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁from ▁the ▁same ▁volume ▁of ▁water . ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁the ▁T win ▁Falls ▁plant ▁was ▁put ▁into ▁extended ▁shut down ▁and ▁the ▁water ▁di verted ▁into ▁the ▁Small wood ▁Res erv oir ▁under ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁Churchill ▁Falls ▁Lab rad or ▁Corporation ▁Limited ▁( C FL Co ). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : H ydro elect ric ▁power ▁stations ▁in ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab rad or ▁Category : L ab rad or ▁Category : Water falls ▁of ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab rad or ▁Category : Ch urch ill ▁Falls <0x0A> </s> ▁T ury sh ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁river ▁in ▁Sver dl ov sk ▁O bl ast , ▁Russia , ▁a ▁right ▁t ribut ary ▁of ▁the ▁Ir g ina ▁River ▁which ▁in ▁turn ▁is ▁a ▁t ribut ary ▁of ▁S yl va ▁River . ▁The ▁river ▁is ▁ ▁long ▁with ▁a ▁drain age ▁bas in ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Sver dl ov sk ▁O bl ast <0x0A> </s> ▁Nice ▁Dream s ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁American ▁action ▁adventure ▁comedy ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Tommy ▁Ch ong ▁and ▁star ring ▁Che ech ▁& ▁Ch ong , ▁in ▁their ▁third ▁feature ▁film . ▁Re leased ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁by ▁Columbia
▁Pictures , ▁the ▁film ▁focuses ▁on ▁the ▁du o ▁having ▁gotten ▁rich ▁selling ▁cannab is ▁out ▁of ▁an ▁ice ▁cream ▁truck , ▁and ▁ev ading ▁the ▁Drug ▁En force ment ▁Agency , ▁led ▁by ▁S gt . ▁St eden ko ▁( St acy ▁Ke ach ), ▁who ▁are ▁trying ▁to ▁bust ▁an ▁alleged ▁drug ▁king pin ▁named ▁" Mr . ▁Big ", ▁and ▁discover ▁a ▁strain ▁of ▁marijuana ▁that ▁turns ▁people ▁into ▁l iz ards , ▁including ▁St eden ko , ▁who ▁has ▁been ▁smoking ▁cannab is ▁to ▁get ▁inside ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁a ▁drug ▁user . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁cost ars ▁Paul ▁Re ub ens ▁and ▁Ev ely n ▁Gu err ero , ▁and ▁features ▁small ▁appearances ▁by ▁comed ians ▁Sand ra ▁Bern hard ▁and ▁Michael ▁W ins low , ▁and ▁a ▁came o ▁by ▁Tim othy ▁Le ary . ▁Nice ▁Dream s ▁gross ed ▁$ 3 5 ▁million , ▁but ▁it ▁received ▁mixed ▁reviews . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Che ech ▁and ▁Ch ong ▁( Che ech ▁Mar in ▁and ▁Tommy ▁Ch ong ) ▁have ▁a ▁new ▁business ▁driving ▁an ▁ice ▁cream ▁truck ▁selling ▁" H appy ▁Her b ' s ▁Nice ▁Dream s ." ▁However , ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁ice ▁cream ▁they ▁sell , ▁but ▁it ▁is ▁marijuana , ▁stolen ▁from ▁their ▁friend ▁We ird ▁Jimmy ▁( J ames ▁William ▁New port ) ▁whose ▁plant ation ▁is ▁under ▁their ▁beach ▁house ▁cam ou fl aged ▁as ▁a ▁pool . ▁The ▁two ▁eventually ▁make ▁a ▁fortune . ▁They ▁bl iss fully ▁plan ▁on
▁becoming ▁" Sun ▁Kings ▁in ▁Parad ise " ▁which ▁involves ▁buying ▁an ▁island , ▁gu it ars , ▁and ▁enjoying ▁lots ▁of ▁women . ▁ ▁The ▁police ▁are ▁on ▁Che ech ▁and ▁Ch ong ' s ▁t ails ▁from ▁the ▁start , ▁as ▁they ▁trick ▁the ▁st on ers ▁into ▁selling ▁them ▁some ▁of ▁their ▁" ice ▁cream ." ▁S gt . ▁St ed ank o ▁( St acy ▁Ke ach , ▁re pr ising ▁his ▁role ▁from ▁Up ▁in ▁Sm oke ), ▁now ▁himself ▁a ▁st on er , ▁tests ▁the ▁marijuana ▁and ▁slowly ▁turns ▁into ▁a ▁l izard ▁( a ▁side ▁effect ). ▁Just ▁as ▁the ▁police ▁storm ▁their ▁house , ▁Che ech ▁and ▁Ch ong ▁pack ▁up ▁the ▁marijuana ▁in ▁their ▁truck ▁and ▁drive ▁off , ▁leaving ▁We ird ▁Jimmy ▁to ▁be ▁arrested . ▁While ▁S gt . ▁St ed ank o ▁continues ▁smoking ▁their ▁product , ▁becoming ▁stranger ▁and ▁more ▁l izard - like , ▁his ▁two ▁deput ies , ▁Det . ▁D ro oler ▁( P eter ▁Jason ) ▁and ▁his ▁in e pt ▁partner ▁N ood les ▁( Tim ▁Ross ov ich ), ▁tail ▁the ▁st on ers . ▁ ▁Che ech ▁and ▁Ch ong ▁d ine ▁at ▁a ▁Chinese ▁restaurant ▁to ▁celebrate ▁their ▁wealth . ▁There , ▁they ▁are ▁acc ost ed ▁by ▁an ▁annoying ▁record ▁agent ▁who ▁both ers ▁Ch ong ▁( m ist aking ▁him ▁for ▁Jerry ▁Gar cia ), ▁followed ▁by ▁Che ech ' s ▁ex - girl friend ▁Don na ▁( Ev
ely n ▁Gu err ero , ▁re pr ising ▁her ▁role ▁from ▁Che ech ▁& ▁Ch ong ' s ▁Next ▁Movie ) ▁and ▁a ▁coc aine - sn ort ing ▁mental ▁patient , ▁How ie ▁" H amb ur ger ▁D ude " ▁( Paul ▁Re ub ens ). ▁The ▁four ▁of ▁them ▁sn ort ▁coc aine ▁under ▁the ▁table , ▁prompt ing ▁Ch ong ▁to ▁sign ▁away ▁all ▁their ▁money ▁to ▁How ie ▁for ▁a ▁useless ▁check , ▁which ▁they ▁are ▁unable ▁to ▁cash ▁due ▁to ▁none ▁of ▁them ▁having ▁an ▁ID . ▁ ▁Che ech ▁takes ▁a ▁drunk ▁Don na ▁out ▁to ▁her ▁truck ▁to ▁have ▁sex , ▁but ▁she ▁passes ▁out . ▁A ▁pair ▁of ▁in compet ent ▁California ▁highway ▁patrol men ▁show ▁up , ▁almost ▁bust ing ▁Che ech ▁when ▁Ch ong ▁abruptly ▁shows ▁up ▁in ▁their ▁ice ▁cream ▁truck . ▁However , ▁not ▁wanting ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁im pending ▁long ▁procedure ▁of ▁the ▁arrest , ▁the ▁cops ▁let ▁Che ech ▁and ▁Ch ong ▁go . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁head ▁back ▁to ▁Don na ' s ▁apartment . ▁While ▁attempting ▁a ▁th rees ome , ▁Ch ong ▁leaves ▁to ▁get ▁ice . ▁At ▁this ▁point , ▁Don na ' s ▁c raz ed ▁racist ▁b iker ▁husband ▁Animal ▁shows ▁up , ▁having ▁broken ▁out ▁of ▁prison . ▁Che ech ▁tries ▁to ▁escape ▁out ▁the ▁window ▁and ▁ends ▁up ▁climbing ▁the ▁hotel ▁naked . ▁Ch ong ▁then ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁room ▁and ▁h ides ▁under ▁the ▁bed . ▁Eventually
, ▁Animal ▁has ▁sex ▁with ▁Don na ▁and ▁they ▁fall ▁asleep . ▁Che ech ▁gets ▁back ▁into ▁the ▁hotel , ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁room , ▁and ▁retriev es ▁some ▁clothes ▁to ▁wear . ▁ ▁Che ech ▁then ▁real izes ▁Ch ong ▁has ▁signed ▁away ▁all ▁their ▁money ▁to ▁How ie . ▁After ▁getting ▁a ▁lift ▁from ▁D ro oler ▁and ▁N ood les ▁( dis gu ised ▁as ▁women ), ▁the ▁st on ers ▁find ▁and ▁break ▁into ▁the ▁address ▁on ▁the ▁check : ▁a ▁mental ▁institution . ▁They ▁spend ▁the ▁night ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁morning ▁they ▁find ▁How ie ▁among ▁the ▁in mates . ▁Che ech ▁tries ▁to ▁grab ▁How ie ▁to ▁get ▁their ▁money , ▁but ▁the ▁doctors ▁believe ▁Che ech ▁to ▁be ▁another ▁patient ▁and ▁lock ▁him ▁in ▁a ▁stra it j acket ▁in ▁a ▁p added ▁room . ▁They ▁also ▁believe ▁Ch ong ▁is ▁a ▁doctor ▁and ▁put ▁him ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁medication . ▁Ch ong ▁finds ▁a ▁doctor ▁( Tim othy ▁Le ary ) ▁to ▁help , ▁and ▁Che ech ▁and ▁Ch ong ▁are ▁offered ▁" the ▁key ▁to ▁the ▁universe " ▁( L SD ). ▁ ▁Ch ong ▁simply ▁passes ▁out ▁but ▁Che ech ▁end ures ▁a ▁b izarre ▁trip ▁that ▁finally ▁ends ▁the ▁next ▁morning ▁when ▁the ▁head ▁nurse ▁aw ak ens ▁them . ▁She ▁has ▁realized ▁what ▁has ▁happened ▁and ▁apolog izes ▁to ▁them , ▁returns ▁their ▁money ▁and ▁sets ▁them ▁free . ▁At ▁this ▁point , ▁St ed ank o ' s ▁cops ▁show
▁up ▁and ▁arrest ▁the ▁head ▁nurse ▁and ▁How ie ▁instead . ▁By ▁now , ▁St ed ank o ▁has ▁become ▁even ▁more ▁l izard ▁like , ▁complete ▁with ▁a ▁tail . ▁ ▁With ▁We ird ▁Jimmy ' s ▁marijuana ▁plant ation ▁b usted , ▁Che ech ▁and ▁Ch ong ▁resort ▁to ▁becoming ▁male ▁stri pp ers ▁at ▁Club ▁Parad ise ▁where ▁they ▁are ▁b illed ▁as ▁" The ▁Sun ▁Kings ", ▁Mau i ▁and ▁W owie . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Che ech ▁Mar in ▁as ▁Che ech ▁ ▁Tommy ▁Ch ong ▁as ▁Ch ong ▁" Man " ▁ ▁St acy ▁Ke ach ▁as ▁S gt . ▁St ed ank o ▁ ▁Paul ▁Re ub ens ▁as ▁How ie ▁Hamb ur ger ▁D ude ▁ ▁Ev ely n ▁Gu err ero ▁as ▁Don na ▁ ▁Peter ▁Jason ▁as ▁Det . ▁D ro oler ▁ ▁Tim ▁Ross ov ich ▁as ▁N ood les ▁ ▁Tim othy ▁Le ary ▁as ▁Him self ▁ ▁Sand ra ▁Bern hard ▁as ▁Girl ▁Nut ▁ ▁Tony ▁C ox ▁as ▁M idget ▁Nut ▁( Cred ited ▁as ▁Joe ▁Anthony ▁C ox ) ▁ ▁Michael ▁W ins low ▁as ▁Super man ▁Nut ▁ ▁Cher yl ▁Smith ▁as ▁Group ▁Bl onde ▁# 1 ▁ ▁Lin nea ▁Qu ig ley ▁as ▁Group ▁Bl onde ▁# 2 ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Jan et ▁Mas lin ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁wrote , ▁" If ▁marijuana ▁has ▁a ▁way ▁of ▁height ening ▁the ▁hilar ious ▁aspects ▁of ▁things ▁that ▁might ▁not ▁otherwise ▁be ▁funny , ▁then ▁this
▁is ▁very ▁much ▁a ▁marijuana ▁movie . ▁But ▁' N ice ▁Dream s ' ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁more ▁general ▁appeal ▁than ▁that . ▁These ▁are ▁high ▁spirits ▁that ▁don ' t ▁have ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁being ▁high ." ▁Var iety ▁noted : ▁" Al though ▁plot ▁is ▁impossible ▁and ▁film making ▁is ▁still ▁on ▁the ▁r ud iment ary ▁side , ▁effort ▁is ▁ch ock ▁full ▁of ▁y ocks , ▁as ▁the ▁zip py ▁pace , ▁short ▁running ▁time ▁and ▁success ion ▁of ▁outrage ous ▁bit ▁players ▁keep ▁energy ▁and ▁audience ▁attention ▁from ▁flag ging ." ▁Gary ▁Arnold ▁of ▁The ▁Washington ▁Post ▁called ▁the ▁film ▁" an ▁outrage ously ▁am using ▁ram ble ." ▁She ila ▁B enson ▁of ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times ▁wrote ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁" sure ▁doesn ' t ▁work ▁if ▁you ' re ▁straight ." ▁Gene ▁S isk el ▁of ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Trib une ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁one - and - a - half ▁stars ▁out ▁of ▁four ▁and ▁described ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁humor ▁as ▁" inf ant ile ." ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁the ▁seventh ▁highest - g ross ing ▁film ▁of ▁the ▁summer ▁with ▁$ 3 5 ▁million . ▁According ▁to ▁Film ▁Comment ▁the ▁film ▁" gar ner ed ▁almost ▁all ▁of ▁its ▁business ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁weeks , ▁demonstr ating ▁that ▁Che ech ▁& ▁Ch ong ▁have ▁a ▁large ▁and ▁loyal ▁following ▁- they ' re ▁the ▁Abb ott ▁and ▁Cost ello ▁of ▁the ▁Head ▁Set ." ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁
▁Category : 1 9 8 1 ▁films ▁Category : Che ech ▁& ▁Ch ong ▁( film ▁series ) ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁Pictures ▁films ▁Category : American ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 s ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁drugs ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Tommy ▁Ch ong <0x0A> </s> ▁" Tw ist " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁by ▁English ▁electronic ▁music ▁du o ▁Gold fr app ▁from ▁their ▁second ▁studio ▁album , ▁Black ▁Cher ry ▁( 2 0 0 3 ). ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 3 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁as ▁the ▁album ' s ▁third ▁single . ▁The ▁song ▁received ▁positive ▁reviews ▁from ▁music ▁critics ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁minor ▁success ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁pe aking ▁at ▁number ▁ 3 1 ▁on ▁the ▁UK ▁Singles ▁Chart . ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁single ▁reached ▁number ▁ 1 8 ▁on ▁Bill boards ▁Hot ▁Dance ▁Singles ▁Sales ▁chart . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁New ▁Be ats , ▁Al ison ▁Gold fr app ▁described ▁the ▁gen esis ▁of ▁the ▁song : ▁ ▁It ' s ▁a ▁sort ▁of ▁sexual ▁fantasy ▁that ▁I ▁had ▁about ▁a ▁boy ▁who ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁fair ground , ▁who ▁I ▁l usted ▁after . ▁He ▁was ▁in ▁control ▁and ▁I ▁wasn ' t ▁cause ▁I ▁was ▁sat ▁on ▁the ▁w alt zer ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁one ▁that ▁was ▁spinning
▁it ▁around ▁and — I ▁don ' t ▁know — it ' s ▁sort ▁of ▁lust , ▁adoles cent , ▁aw aken ing , ▁sm ells ▁and ▁noise ▁and ▁dirt . ▁That ' s ▁what ▁" Tw ist " ▁is ▁about . ▁ ▁Track ▁list ings ▁Australian ▁CD ▁single ▁/ ▁UK ▁CD ▁single ▁# 1 ▁" Tw ist " ▁( Single ▁Mix ) — ▁ 3 : 3 3 ▁" Yes ▁Sir " — ▁ 3 : 5 7 ▁" De er ▁Stop " ▁( Live ▁at ▁Som erset ▁House )* — ▁ 4 : 2 0 ▁ ▁UK ▁CD ▁single ▁# 2 ▁" Tw ist " ▁( J ac ques ▁Lu ▁Cont ' s ▁Con version ▁Per version ▁Mix ) — ▁ 6 : 4 8 ▁" Fore ver " ▁( Mount aine ers ▁Rem ix ) — ▁ 3 : 5 4 ▁" Tw ist " ▁( D imit ri ▁T ik ovo ï ▁Rem ix ) — ▁ 6 : 3 0 ▁ ▁UK ▁DVD ▁single ▁" Tw ist " ▁( Live ▁in ▁London ▁- ▁Short ▁Film ▁feat . ▁Inter view ) ▁" Tr ain " ▁( Live ▁in ▁London )* — ▁ 5 : 1 0 ▁" Str ict ▁Machine " ▁( Live ▁in ▁London )* — ▁ 4 : 5 5 ▁ ▁US ▁CD ▁max i ▁single ▁" Tw ist " ▁( Single ▁Mix ) — ▁ 3 : 3 4 ▁" Yes ▁Sir " — ▁ 3
: 5 7 ▁" De er ▁Stop " ▁( Live ▁at ▁Som erset ▁House )* — ▁ 4 : 2 1 ▁" Tw ist " ▁( J ac ques ▁Lu ▁Cont ' s ▁Con version ▁Per version ▁Mix ) — ▁ 6 : 4 7 ▁" Tw ist " ▁( D imit ri ▁T ik ovo ï ▁Rem ix ) — ▁ 6 : 3 1 ▁" Tw ist " ▁( Live ▁in ▁London ▁- ▁Short ▁Film ▁feat . ▁Inter view ) ▁ ▁Digital ▁download ▁" Tw ist " ▁( Single ▁Mix ) — ▁ 3 : 3 1 ▁" Yes ▁Sir " — ▁ 3 : 5 7 ▁" De er ▁Stop " ▁( Live ▁at ▁Som erset ▁House )* — ▁ 4 : 2 0 ▁" Tr ain " ▁( Live ▁in ▁London )* — ▁ 5 : 1 0 ▁" Str ict ▁Machine " ▁( Live ▁at ▁Som erset ▁House )* — ▁ 4 : 5 5 ▁" Tw ist " ▁( J ac ques ▁Lu ▁Cont ' s ▁Con version ▁Per version ▁Mix ) — ▁ 6 : 4 6 ▁" Tw ist " ▁( J ac ques ▁Lu ▁Cont ' s ▁Con version ▁Per version ▁Dub ) — ▁ 6 : 4 3 ▁" Yes ▁Sir " ▁( Ext ended ▁Mix ) — ▁ 8 : 3 1 ▁" Fore ver " ▁( Mount aine ers ▁Rem ix ) — ▁ 3 : 5 2 ▁"
Tw ist " ▁( D imit ri ▁T ik ovo ï ▁Rem ix ) — ▁ 6 : 3 0 ▁▁ ▁* Record ed ▁live ▁at ▁Som erset ▁House , ▁ 1 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 3 ▁singles ▁Category : 2 0 0 3 ▁songs ▁Category : Gold fr app ▁songs ▁Category : M ute ▁Records ▁singles ▁Category : S ongs ▁about ▁sexual ity ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Al ison ▁Gold fr app ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Will ▁Gregory <0x0A> </s> ▁No . ▁ 2 6 ▁( City ▁of ▁New castle ) ▁Squadron ▁R AA F ▁is ▁a ▁Royal ▁Australian ▁Air ▁Force ▁Reserve ▁squad ron , ▁head qu arter ed ▁at ▁R AA F ▁Base ▁William town ▁in ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁Australia . ▁The ▁squad ron ' s ▁role ▁is ▁to ▁provide ▁trained ▁personnel ▁to ▁regular ▁R AA F ▁units ▁during ▁operations ▁and ▁on ▁exercise . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁formed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁initially ▁as ▁an ▁A ux iliary ▁unit ▁of ▁the ▁Cit iz ens ▁Air ▁Force . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁the ▁unit ▁was ▁re design ated ▁as ▁an ▁active ▁Reserve ▁squad ron . ▁The ▁unit ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁small ▁cad re ▁of ▁Regular ▁personnel ▁who ▁administer ▁the ▁unit ' s ▁conting ent ▁of ▁around ▁ 1 7 0 ▁Res erv ists .
▁ ▁Form ing ▁part ▁of ▁No . ▁ 9 6 ▁Wing , ▁the ▁unit ▁is ▁task ed ▁with ▁various ▁base ▁support ▁roles , ▁and ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁Air ▁Force ▁Res erv ists ▁in ▁the ▁Hunter ▁Region ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁providing ▁trained ▁personnel ▁to ▁regular ▁R AA F ▁units ▁during ▁operations ▁and ▁exercises . ▁The ▁unit ' s ▁ ▁mot to ▁is ▁Enterprise . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁ ▁Category : R AA F ▁squad rons ▁Category : Port ▁Step hens ▁Council ▁Category : Mil itary ▁establish ments ▁in ▁the ▁Hunter ▁Region ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁' In k ▁Sp ots ' ▁is ▁a ▁hybrid ▁cultiv ar ▁of ▁the ▁genus ▁Ne ore gel ia ▁in ▁the ▁B rom eli ad ▁family . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁B SI ▁B CR ▁Entry ▁for ▁' In k ▁Sp ots ' ▁ ▁Category : B rom eli aceae ▁cultiv ar <0x0A> </s> ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁was ▁the ▁local ▁news ▁program ▁of ▁the ▁A BS - C BN ▁Regional ▁Network ▁Group ▁in ▁Cot ab ato ▁City . ▁ ▁An ch ored ▁by ▁veteran ▁Cot ab ato ▁City ▁journalist ▁J asper ▁Ac osta , ▁it ▁was ▁a ired ▁live ▁daily ▁from ▁the ▁A BS - C BN ▁New sc enter ▁Cot ab ato ▁at ▁ 5 : 0 0 ▁PM , ▁from ▁Monday ▁to ▁Friday . ▁It ▁is ▁sim ul cast ▁on ▁M OR ▁ 9 5 . 1
▁Cot ab ato ▁For ▁Life ! ▁and ▁also ▁shown ▁abroad ▁through ▁The ▁Filip ino ▁Channel . ▁ ▁The ▁program ▁del ivers ▁head lines ▁about ▁the ▁current ▁events ▁in ▁Mag u ind ana o , ▁L ana o ▁del ▁Sur ▁and ▁North ▁Cot ab ato ▁using ▁Filip ino . ▁ ▁History ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁( which ▁was ▁later ▁ret itled ▁as ▁" TV ▁Pat rol ▁Cot ab ato ") ▁began ▁on ▁June ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁as ▁the ▁flag ship ▁regional ▁new sc ast ▁of ▁A BS - C BN ▁Cot ab ato ▁and ▁also ▁a ▁replacement ▁of ▁D ava o ▁City - produ ced ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Mind ana o ▁( now ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Southern ▁Mind ana o ). ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁launch ▁of ▁the ▁stand alone ▁new sc ast , ▁the ▁network ▁a ired ▁regional ▁news ▁advis ories ▁since ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁from ▁ 1 0 : 0 0 ▁AM , ▁ 1 2 : 0 0 ▁N N ▁and ▁ 3 : 0 0 ▁PM ▁then ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁new sc ast ▁re verted ▁to ▁its ▁original ▁title . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁updated ▁their ▁logo , ▁graphics ▁( with ▁the ▁font ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁third s ▁and ▁tick er ▁now ▁with ▁A rial ▁B old ) ▁and ▁video ▁packages , ▁now ▁matching ▁the ▁national ▁TV ▁Pat rol . ▁This ▁is ▁the
▁third ▁regional ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁new sc ast ▁to ▁update ▁its ▁graphics ▁and ▁exactly ▁match ▁the ▁new ▁graphics ▁to ▁the ▁national ▁new sc ast ▁after ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Soc sk s arg en ▁and ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Vis ay as . ▁ ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁cost - cut ting ▁measures ▁in ▁preparation ▁of ▁A BS - C BN ▁Regional ' s ▁digital ization ▁to ▁align ▁with ▁its ▁flag ship ▁station ▁in ▁Man ila , ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁ce ased ▁broadcast ing ▁by ▁June ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁and ▁merged ▁to ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁South ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁by ▁July ▁ 2 . ▁ ▁Final ▁segments ▁U lo ▁ng ▁m ga ▁Nag b ab ag ang ▁Bal ita ▁( Head lines ) ▁R onda ▁Pat rol ▁( Pol ice ▁Re ports ) ▁Sports ▁Pat rol ▁( S ports ▁News ) ▁Star ▁Pat rol ▁( Show b iz ▁News ) ▁World ▁Pat rol ▁( Foreign ▁News ) ▁We ather ▁We ather ▁Lang ▁( We ather ▁News ) ▁Choose ▁Philippines ▁ ▁Final ▁An chor ▁J asper ▁Ac osta ▁- ▁Associ ate ▁Produ cer ▁( Now ▁Station ▁Manager , ▁Band era ▁News ▁TV ▁- ▁Cot ab ato ▁/ ▁ 1 0 5 . 3 ▁D X J N ▁F m ▁R ady o ▁Band era ▁Cot ab ato ▁) ▁ ▁Final ▁Rep orters ▁L ore ▁M ae ▁And ong ▁- ▁S it ▁in ▁An chor ▁for ▁J asper ▁Ac osta ▁( car ried ▁over ▁to ▁TV
▁Pat rol ▁South ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ) ▁A rian ne ▁A pat an ▁( car ried ▁over ▁to ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁South ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ) ▁L er io ▁B om pat ▁- ▁Executive ▁Produ cer ▁ ▁( car ried ▁over ▁to ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁South ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ) ▁Ger ry ▁F od ra ▁ ▁Former ▁Rep orters ▁Ferd inand h ▁Cab rera ▁- ▁Now ▁a ▁string er ▁for ▁G MA ' s ▁One ▁Mind ana o ▁Qu enn ie ▁Cas im iro ▁- ▁She ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁reporter ▁and ▁an ▁Executive ▁Produ cer ▁of ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Ch av ac ano . ▁ ▁Annie ▁Sal on - G ac ay an ▁G url ie ▁Fr ondo za ▁Ren ▁T ang on an ▁Hal ima ▁Sat ol ▁A yes ha ▁Gay ao ▁Arch ad ▁Rang an ▁Alb ash ir ▁S aid en ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁recogn itions ▁K BP ▁Golden ▁D ove ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁Best ▁TV ▁New sc ast ▁Program ▁( Prov inc ial ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁- ▁Best ▁TV ▁New sc ast ▁Program ▁( Prov inc ial ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁V ide os ▁on ▁Pro be ▁Media ▁Foundation ▁ ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁Report ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁Illegal ▁F ishing ▁in ▁Mag u ind ana o ▁ ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁Report ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁Mag u ind ana
o ▁Conf lic ts ▁ ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁Report ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁Cot ab ato ▁Youth ▁G angs ▁ ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁Report ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁World ▁Food ▁Program ▁for ▁School ▁Drop outs ▁ ▁TV ▁Pat rol ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁Report ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁AR MM ▁Social ▁Fund ▁ ▁Category : AB S - C BN ▁Regional ▁News ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Mass ▁media ▁of ▁Cot ab ato ▁City <0x0A> </s> ▁Thomas ▁Curt is ▁Bush ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁– ▁February ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁actor . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Orange ▁County , ▁California . ▁ ▁He ▁frequently ▁worked ▁with ▁Sam ▁Pe ck in p ah , ▁appearing ▁in ▁The ▁Get away , ▁The ▁K iller ▁El ite ▁and ▁Con v oy . ▁Other ▁films ▁he ▁appeared ▁in ▁include ▁Ed ▁Wood , ▁C obb , ▁Crim son ▁T ide , ▁Mars ▁Att acks ! , ▁Con ▁Air , ▁R ush ▁H our ▁and ▁Dr . ▁Dol ittle ▁ 2 . ▁He ▁appeared ▁in
▁such ▁TV ▁series ▁as ▁T . J . ▁Hook er ▁and ▁Simon ▁& ▁Simon . ▁He ▁played ▁Deputy ▁St urg ess ▁on ▁B ret ▁Ma ver ick . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁February ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California . ▁He ▁was ▁seventy - four ▁years ▁old . ▁ ▁Partial ▁film ography ▁The ▁Get away ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁- ▁Cow boy ' s ▁Hel per ▁ ▁The ▁K iller ▁El ite ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁- ▁Sam ▁the ▁Mechan ic ▁Con v oy ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁- ▁Chief ▁St ace y ▁Love ▁ ▁Ind ec ent ▁Pro posal ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁- ▁David ' s ▁Father ▁Ed ▁Wood ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁- ▁Stage ▁Manager ▁C obb ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁- ▁Rogers ▁Horn s by ▁Crim son ▁T ide ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁- ▁Admiral ▁Williams ▁A ▁Family ▁Th ing ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁- ▁Old ▁Man ▁Mars ▁Att acks ! ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁- ▁Hill b illy ▁Con ▁Air ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁- ▁Sher iff ▁R ush ▁H our ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁- ▁Bomb ▁Practice ▁Sergeant ▁Crime ▁and ▁Pun ishment ▁in ▁Sub urb ia ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁- ▁Chief ▁Jud son ▁Dr . ▁Dol ittle ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁- ▁Far mer ▁( final ▁film ▁role ) ▁ ▁Re ferences
▁Tommy ▁Bush ▁at ▁Ave le yman ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁male ▁actors ▁Category : M ale ▁actors ▁from ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁Post ▁Oak ▁Creek ▁is ▁a ▁stream ▁in ▁Johnson ▁County ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Missouri . ▁ ▁Post ▁Oak ▁Creek ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁post ▁oak ▁trees ▁near ▁its ▁course . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Missouri ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Johnson ▁County , ▁Missouri ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Missouri <0x0A> </s> ▁Hen riet ta ▁Gre ville ▁M BE , ▁( ; ▁ 9 ▁October ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁– ▁ 2 9 ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Australian ▁labour ▁organ iser ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁women ▁to ▁run ▁for ▁the ▁Australian ▁Parliament ▁with ▁major ▁party ▁endorse ment . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Gre ville ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Dun ed in , ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁to ▁Australian - born ▁gold ▁prospect or ▁Henry ▁Wy se ▁and ▁Rebecca ▁( née ▁H utch inson ) ▁Wy se . ▁The ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁Victoria ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 ▁and ▁to ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 8 . ▁Despite ▁her ▁lack ▁of ▁formal ▁education ▁Hen riet ta ▁was ▁briefly ▁a ▁teacher ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 7 . ▁On ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁at ▁Al bury
▁Reg istry ▁Office ▁she ▁married ▁jew eller ▁John ▁Collins , ▁but ▁the ▁marriage ▁was ▁unhappy ▁and ▁they ▁separated ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 9 , ▁Hen riet ta ▁and ▁her ▁four ▁children ▁returning ▁to ▁her ▁parents ' ▁farm ▁at ▁Tem ora . ▁( Coll ins ▁would ▁later ▁die ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia .) ▁ ▁Gre ville ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁seam st ress , ▁but ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 0 s ▁depression ▁forced ▁her ▁to ▁move ▁to ▁the ▁gold fields ▁at ▁West ▁W yal ong , ▁where ▁she ▁helped ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁local ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁Political ▁Labour ▁League . ▁She ▁married ▁miner ▁and ▁union ▁organ iser ▁H ector ▁Gre ville ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁August ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁and ▁despite ▁constantly ▁moving ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁family ▁they ▁had ▁a ▁happy ▁marriage . ▁Hen riet ta ▁became ▁an ▁organ iser ▁for ▁the ▁Australian ▁Work ers ' ▁Union ▁and ▁later ▁became ▁influential ▁in ▁the ▁Women ▁Work ers ' ▁Union , ▁serving ▁as ▁its ▁delegate ▁to ▁the ▁Tr ades ▁and ▁Labour ▁Council . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁the ▁family ▁was ▁in ▁Sydney , ▁where ▁Gre ville ▁became ▁associated ▁with ▁Ber tha ▁Mc N am ara ' s ▁radical ▁group , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁she ▁became ▁an ▁organ iser ▁for ▁the ▁White ▁Work ers ' ▁Union . ▁An ▁anti - con scription ▁campaign er , ▁she ▁and ▁Eva ▁Se ery ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁women ▁end ors ed ▁for ▁a ▁federal ▁election ▁by ▁a ▁major ▁political ▁party ▁when ▁they
▁ran ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁federal ▁election ▁as ▁Labor ▁candidates , ▁al beit ▁in ▁safe ▁conservative ▁seats ▁( Gre ville ▁was ▁defeated ▁in ▁W ent worth ). ▁She ▁subsequently ▁stood ▁for ▁the ▁state ▁seat ▁of ▁V au cl use ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 . ▁ ▁Gre ville ▁studied ▁economics ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁and ▁became ▁branch ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Work ers ' ▁Educ ational ▁Association ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁at ▁L ith gow ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁moving ▁to ▁the ▁executive ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁and ▁president ▁( the ▁first ▁female ▁president ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁She ▁remained ▁active ▁for ▁many ▁years , ▁being ▁particularly ▁associated ▁with ▁sex ▁education , ▁and ▁was ▁direct ing ▁groups ▁aged ▁ 9 4 . ▁Her ▁husband ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁but ▁Gre ville ▁remained ▁a ▁public ▁figure , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁life ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁Australian ▁Women . ▁Around ▁this ▁time ▁she ▁began ▁to ▁identify ▁more ▁with ▁the ▁Communist ▁Party ▁of ▁Australia , ▁which ▁she ▁supported ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁join . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁appointed ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 5 8 . ▁She ▁died ▁aged ▁ 1 0 3 ▁at ▁L ak em ba ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁and ▁was ▁cre m ated . ▁A ▁block ▁of ▁pension ers '
▁units ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁her ▁memory ▁in ▁that ▁year . ▁She ▁was ▁survived ▁by ▁two ▁sons ▁and ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁her ▁second ▁marriage . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁deaths ▁Category : Austral ian ▁cent en arians ▁Category : Austral ian ▁femin ists ▁Category : Austral ian ▁Members ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁people ▁of ▁Australian ▁descent ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Dun ed in ▁Category : Austral ian ▁suff rag ists ▁Category : W omen ▁cent en arians ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Australian ▁women ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Australian ▁women <0x0A> </s> ▁All an ▁Stewart ▁( born ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁ice ▁hockey ▁left ▁w inger . ▁He ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Dev ils ▁and ▁Boston ▁Bru ins . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : B oston ▁Bru ins ▁players ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁left ▁wing ers ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M aine ▁Mar in ers ▁players ▁Category : Mon ct on ▁Haw ks ▁players ▁Category : New ▁Jersey ▁Dev ils ▁draft ▁picks ▁Category : New ▁Jersey ▁Dev ils ▁players ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Fort ▁St . ▁John , ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : Pr ince ▁Albert ▁R aid ers ▁players
▁Category : Pr ince ▁Albert ▁R aid ers ▁( S J HL ) ▁players ▁Category : Ut ica ▁Dev ils ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Q esh la q - e ▁Nar iman ▁K and i ▁H aj ji ▁Hav ar ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Q es hl ā q - e ▁Nar ī m ā n ▁K and ī ▁ Ḩ ā jj ī ▁H ā v ā r ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Q esh la q - e ▁Shar q i ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Q esh la q ▁Das ht ▁District , ▁B ile h ▁Sav ar ▁County , ▁Ar d abil ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 4 0 , ▁in ▁ 9 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁and ▁villages ▁in ▁B ile h ▁Sav ar ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Art ists ' ▁Television ▁Access ▁( ATA ) ▁is ▁a ▁non - profit ▁art ▁gallery ▁and ▁screening ▁venue ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco ' s ▁Mission ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁of ▁America . ▁A TA ▁exhib its ▁work ▁by ▁emerging , ▁independent ▁and ▁experimental ▁artists ▁in ▁its ▁theatre ▁and ▁gallery ▁space ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁on ▁its ▁weekly ▁Public - access ▁television ▁cable ▁TV ▁show ▁and ▁web z ine . ▁The ▁Other ▁Cin ema ▁series ▁is ▁hosted ▁season ally ▁every ▁Saturday ▁night ▁by ▁experimental ▁film maker ▁and ▁artist - in - res idence ▁Craig ▁Bald win . ▁ ▁A TA ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁