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▁from ▁her ▁previous ▁work , ▁anticip ating ▁hip ▁hop - in sp ired ▁rock ▁with ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁samples . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁praised ▁by ▁N ME ▁as ▁" orient al ▁march ing ▁band ▁hip ▁hop ▁with ▁f art ing ▁horn s ▁and ▁catch y ▁accord ion " ▁and ▁h ailed ▁by ▁Mel ody ▁M aker ▁as ▁" a ▁bright ly ▁unexpected ▁mixture ▁of ▁black ▁steel ▁and ▁pop ▁disturb ance ". ▁The ▁Pe ep show ▁album ▁received ▁a ▁five ▁star ▁review ▁in ▁Q ▁magazine . ▁The ▁ball ad ▁" The ▁Last ▁Beat ▁of ▁My ▁Heart " ▁issued ▁as ▁a ▁single , ▁saw ▁her ▁exploring ▁new ▁ground ▁with ▁accord ion ▁and ▁strings . ▁ ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁Bud gie ▁then ▁went ▁to ▁And al us ia ▁in ▁Spain ▁to ▁record ▁the ▁second ▁Creat ures ▁album , ▁Bo omer ang . ▁The ▁songs ▁took ▁a ▁different ▁direction ▁from ▁previous ▁Creat ures ▁works , ▁with ▁backing ▁music ▁ranging ▁from ▁fl am enc o ▁to ▁jazz ▁and ▁blues ▁styles . ▁It ▁featured ▁brass ▁on ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁songs . ▁The ▁first ▁single ▁was ▁" Stand ing ▁There ". ▁N ME ▁h ailed ▁Bo omer ang ▁as ▁" a ▁rich ▁and ▁unset t ling ▁landscape ▁of ▁ex ot ica ". ▁Anton ▁Cor b ijn ▁visited ▁the ▁group ▁during ▁the ▁recording ▁near ▁J ere z ▁de ▁la ▁Fr on tera , ▁and ▁Si ou xs ie ▁convinced ▁him ▁to ▁take ▁photographs ▁in ▁color , ▁unlike ▁his ▁prior ▁work ▁which ▁was ▁in ▁black - and - white :
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▁the ▁photos ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁promotion ▁showed ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁Bud gie ▁in ▁fields ▁surrounded ▁with ▁sun flow ers . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁she ▁tou red ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁with ▁the ▁Creat ures , ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁North ▁America . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 9 9 1 ' s ▁dance - oriented ▁" K iss ▁The m ▁for ▁Me " ▁single , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁used ▁South ▁Asian ▁instrument ation , ▁which ▁had ▁become ▁popular ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁club ▁scene ▁with ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁b hang ra . ▁Indian ▁tab la ▁player ▁Tal vin ▁Singh ▁( who ▁was ▁later ▁B j ör k ' s ▁per cussion ist ▁on ▁her ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Deb ut ▁album ) ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁session ▁and ▁provided ▁vocals ▁for ▁the ▁bridge . ▁With ▁Kiss ▁The m ▁for ▁Me , ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁scored ▁a ▁hit ▁on ▁the ▁US ▁Bill board ▁Hot ▁ 1 0 0 ▁pe aking ▁at ▁number ▁ 2 3 . ▁After ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁Super st ition ▁which ▁received ▁enthusi astic ▁reviews , ▁the ▁group ▁co - head lined ▁the ▁first ▁L oll ap al oo za ▁tour , ▁further ▁increasing ▁their ▁American ▁following . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁film ▁director ▁Tim ▁Bur ton ▁requested ▁that ▁she ▁write ▁a ▁song ▁for ▁Bat man ▁Returns , ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁composed ▁the ▁single ▁" Face ▁to ▁Face ". ▁ ▁In
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▁the ▁mid - 1 9 9 0 s , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁started ▁to ▁do ▁one - off ▁collabor ations ▁with ▁other ▁artists . ▁S ued e ▁invited ▁her ▁to ▁a ▁benefit ▁concert ▁for ▁the ▁Red ▁Hot ▁Organization . ▁With ▁guitar ist ▁Bernard ▁Butler , ▁she ▁performed ▁a ▁version ▁of ▁Lou ▁Reed ' s ▁" Car oline ▁S ays ". ▁Sp in ▁reviewed ▁it ▁as ▁" h aught y ▁and ▁stat ely ". ▁Morris sey , ▁ex - le ad ▁singer ▁of ▁the ▁Smith s , ▁recorded ▁a ▁du et ▁with ▁Si ou xs ie ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁They ▁both ▁sang ▁on ▁the ▁single ▁" Inter l ude ", ▁a ▁track ▁that ▁was ▁initially ▁performed ▁by ▁Tim i ▁Y uro , ▁a ▁female ▁torch ▁singer ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁" Inter l ude " ▁was ▁released ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁" M or ris sey ▁and ▁Si ou xs ie ". ▁ ▁The ▁last ▁B ans he es ▁studio ▁album , ▁The ▁R apture , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ; ▁it ▁was ▁written ▁partly ▁in ▁the ▁T oul ouse ▁area ▁of ▁France , ▁where ▁she ▁had ▁recently ▁moved . ▁After ▁the ▁accompanying ▁tour , ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁announced ▁their ▁split ▁during ▁a ▁press ▁conference ▁called ▁" 2 0 ▁Min utes ▁into ▁ 2 0 ▁Years ". ▁The ▁Creat ures ▁de ▁fact o ▁became ▁her ▁only ▁band . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁she ▁released ▁the ▁song ▁"
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The ▁L ighth ouse " ▁on ▁French ▁producer ▁H ector ▁Z az ou ' s ▁album ▁Ch ans ons ▁des ▁m ers ▁fro ides ▁( which ▁transl ates ▁to ▁Songs ▁from ▁the ▁Cold ▁Se as ), ▁with ▁jazz ▁trump et ist ▁Mark ▁I sh am . ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁Z az ou ▁adapted ▁the ▁poem ▁" Fl ann an ▁Is le " ▁by ▁English ▁poet ▁Wil fred ▁Wilson ▁Gib son . ▁ ▁Her ▁first ▁live ▁performance ▁in ▁three ▁years ▁was ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁when ▁former ▁Vel vet ▁Under ground ▁member ▁John ▁C ale ▁invited ▁her ▁to ▁a ▁festival ▁called ▁" With ▁a ▁Little ▁Help ▁From ▁My ▁Friends " ▁at ▁the ▁Parad iso ▁in ▁Amsterdam . ▁The ▁concert ▁was ▁shown ▁on ▁Dutch ▁national ▁television ▁and ▁featured ▁an ▁unre leased ▁Creat ures ▁composition , ▁" M ur der ing ▁M outh ", ▁sung ▁as ▁a ▁du et ▁with ▁C ale . ▁The ▁collaboration ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁artists ▁worked ▁so ▁well ▁that ▁they ▁decided ▁to ▁tour ▁the ▁US ▁from ▁June ▁until ▁August , ▁performing ▁" M ur der ing ▁M outh ", ▁and ▁C ale ' s ▁" G un " ▁together ▁as ▁the ▁en co res ▁of ▁a ▁Creat ures ▁and ▁C ale ▁double ▁bill . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁Bud gie ▁released ▁An ima ▁Anim us , ▁the ▁first ▁Creat ures ▁album ▁since ▁the ▁split ▁of ▁the ▁B ans he es . ▁It ▁included ▁the ▁singles ▁" 2 nd ▁Floor " ▁and
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▁" Pre tt iest ▁Th ing ". ▁The ▁material ▁diver ged ▁from ▁their ▁former ▁work , ▁with ▁a ▁more ▁urban ▁sound ▁from ▁art ▁rock ▁to ▁electron ica . ▁An ima ▁Anim us ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁The ▁Times ▁as ▁" h yp not ic ▁and ▁invent ive ". ▁Also ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁Marc ▁Al mond ▁on ▁the ▁track ▁" Th reat ▁of ▁Love ". ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁she ▁was ▁rated ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 ▁best ▁female ▁rock ▁artists ▁by ▁Q . ▁That ▁same ▁year , ▁Universal ▁released ▁The ▁Best ▁of ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁re issue ▁of ▁her ▁back ▁c atalogue . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁Bud gie ▁released ▁the ▁last ▁Creat ures ▁album , ▁H á i ! , ▁which ▁was ▁in ▁part ▁recorded ▁in ▁Japan , ▁collabor ating ▁with ▁ta iko ▁player ▁Leonard ▁E to ▁( pre viously ▁of ▁the ▁K odo ▁Dr um mers ). ▁Peter ▁Wr atts ▁wrote ▁in ▁Time ▁Out : ▁" Her ▁voice ▁is ▁the ▁dominant ▁instrument ▁here , ▁sn aking ▁and ▁cur ling ▁around ▁the ▁b oun cing ▁drum ming ▁back drop , ▁eleg iac ▁and ▁in human ▁as ▁she ▁ch ants , ▁pur rs ▁and ▁whis pers ▁her ▁way ▁around ▁the ▁album ". ▁He ▁term ed ▁the ▁record ▁a ▁" sp ine - ting ling ▁achievement ". ▁H á
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i ! ▁was ▁preced ed ▁by ▁the ▁single ▁" God z illa ! ". ▁That ▁year , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁was ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁track ▁" C ish ▁Cash " ▁by ▁Bas ement ▁J ax x , ▁from ▁their ▁album ▁K ish ▁K ash , ▁which ▁later ▁won ▁Best ▁Elect ronic / D ance ▁Album ▁at ▁the ▁Gram my ▁Awards . ▁ ▁S olo ▁( 2 0 0 4 – present ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁was ▁a ▁p iv otal ▁year ▁for ▁the ▁singer . ▁She ▁tou red ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁as ▁a ▁solo ▁act ▁combining ▁B ans he es ▁and ▁Creat ures ▁songs . ▁A ▁live ▁DVD ▁called ▁Dream show ▁was ▁recorded ▁at ▁the ▁last ▁London ▁concert , ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁musicians ▁were ▁accompanied ▁by ▁a ▁ 1 6 - piece ▁or chestra , ▁the ▁Mill enn ia ▁En semble . ▁Re leased ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁this ▁DVD ▁reached ▁the ▁number ▁ 1 ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁music ▁DVD ▁charts . ▁ ▁Her ▁first ▁solo ▁album , ▁M ant ar ay , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁P itch f ork ▁wrote , ▁" She ▁really ▁is ▁pop ", ▁before ▁finishing ▁the ▁review ▁by ▁decl aring , ▁" It ' s ▁a ▁success ". ▁Mo jo ▁stated : ▁" a ▁th irst ▁for ▁son ic ▁adventure ▁radi ates ▁from ▁each ▁track ". ▁M ant ar ay ▁included ▁three ▁singles : ▁" Into ▁a ▁Sw an ",
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▁" Here ▁Com es ▁That ▁Day " ▁and ▁" About ▁to ▁H appen ". ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁performed ▁vocals ▁for ▁the ▁track ▁" C are less ▁Love " ▁on ▁The ▁Edge ▁of ▁Love ▁sound track ▁by ▁composer ▁Ang elo ▁Bad al ament i , ▁a ▁frequent ▁collabor ator ▁with ▁director ▁David ▁Lyn ch . ▁She ▁performed ▁another ▁Bad al ament i ▁number , ▁" Who ▁Will ▁Take ▁My ▁Dream s ▁A way ", ▁at ▁the ▁annual ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁World ▁Sound track ▁Awards . ▁After ▁a ▁year ▁of ▁tour ing , ▁the ▁singer ▁played ▁the ▁last ▁show ▁of ▁her ▁tour ▁in ▁London ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁A ▁live ▁DVD ▁of ▁this ▁performance , ▁Finale : ▁The ▁Last ▁M ant ar ay ▁& ▁More ▁Show , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁after ▁a ▁hi atus ▁of ▁five ▁years , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁played ▁two ▁nights ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Festival ▁Hall ▁in ▁London ▁during ▁Y oko ▁On o ' s ▁M elt down ▁festival . ▁She ▁performed ▁ 1 9 8 0 ' s ▁K ale idos cope ▁album ▁live ▁in ▁its ▁entire ty , ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁works ▁from ▁her ▁back ▁c atalogue , ▁and ▁her ▁performance ▁was ▁h ailed ▁by ▁the ▁press . ▁She ▁also ▁appeared ▁at ▁On o ' s ▁Double ▁Fant asy ▁concert , ▁to ▁sing ▁the ▁final ▁song , ▁" Walk ing ▁on ▁Th
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in ▁Ice ". ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁she ▁and ▁fellow ▁B ans he e ▁Steven ▁Sever in ▁compiled ▁a ▁CD ▁titled ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Wonder full ▁Life ▁for ▁the ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁issue ▁of ▁Mo jo ▁magazine , ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁cover . ▁The ▁disc ▁included ▁ 1 5 ▁tracks ▁that ▁inspired ▁the ▁B ans he es . ▁ ▁" Love ▁Crime ", ▁her ▁first ▁song ▁in ▁eight ▁years , ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁finale ▁of ▁the ▁TV ▁series ▁Hann ib al , ▁broadcast ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁then ▁included ▁on ▁both ▁CD ▁and ▁vin yl ▁ed itions ▁of ▁Hann ib al ▁Season ▁ 3 ▁– ▁Volume ▁ 2 . ▁ ▁Song writing ▁Journal ist ▁Paul ▁Mor ley ▁noted ▁that ▁Si ou xs ie ' s ▁songs ▁topics ▁dealt ▁with ▁" ment al ▁illness , ▁medical ▁terr ors , ▁sur real ▁diseases , ▁de pr aved ▁ur ges , ▁sin ister ▁intensity , ▁une arth ly ▁energy , ▁sexual ▁abuse , ▁childhood ▁disturb ances , ▁s ord id ▁myster ies , ▁un bear able ▁nervous ▁anxiety , ▁fair yt ale ▁fears , ▁urban ▁dis content ▁and ▁the ▁ble ak ▁dignity ▁of ▁sol itude ". ▁Many ▁of ▁her ▁songs ▁are ▁about ▁damage ; ▁her ▁childhood ▁marked ▁her ▁profound ly . ▁She ▁said , ▁" Dam aged ▁lives , ▁damaged ▁souls , ▁damaged ▁relationships . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁damage ▁I ▁sing ▁about ▁first ▁happened ▁when ▁I
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▁was ▁younger ▁and ▁I ▁am ▁still ▁feeding ▁off ▁it ▁and ▁working ▁it ▁out . ▁Early ▁experiences ▁are ▁what ▁create ▁a ▁lifetime ▁of ▁damage . ▁The ▁songs ▁you ▁write ▁can ▁help ▁you ▁fix ▁the ▁damage . ▁And ▁just ▁the ▁environment ▁you ▁are ▁in ▁is ▁so ▁important ▁and ▁can ▁waste ▁potential ▁and ▁corrupt ▁something . ▁For ▁me , ▁there ▁was ▁neglect . ▁An ▁alcohol ic ▁father ▁who ▁is ▁not ▁there ▁because ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁thing ▁for ▁him ▁is ▁just ▁to ▁get ▁alcohol ▁and ▁your ▁mother ▁is ▁trying ▁to ▁compens ate ▁for ▁the ▁non - ex istent ▁second ▁parent ▁so ▁she ' s ▁never ▁there ▁because ▁she ' s ▁working ▁all ▁the ▁time ▁and ▁when ▁she ▁is ▁around ▁she ' s ▁stressed ▁out . ▁Being ▁isolated ▁and ▁not ▁having ▁anyone ▁to ▁connect ▁with , ▁there ▁was ▁just ▁no ▁physical ▁touching ▁back ▁then ". ▁ ▁In flu ence ▁ ▁Si ou xs ie ▁has ▁been ▁praised ▁by ▁artists ▁of ▁many ▁gen res . ▁She ▁had ▁a ▁strong ▁impact ▁on ▁two ▁trip - hop ▁acts . ▁Tr icky ▁covered ▁ 1 9 8 3 ' s ▁proto ▁trip - hop ▁" T atto o " ▁to ▁open ▁his ▁second ▁album , ▁Near ly ▁God , ▁and ▁Mass ive ▁Att ack ▁sam pled ▁" Met al ▁Post card ▁( M itt age isen )" ▁on ▁their ▁song ▁" Super pred ators ▁( Met al ▁Post card )" ▁for ▁the ▁sound track ▁to ▁the ▁film ▁The ▁Jack al . ▁▁ ▁Other ▁acts ▁have ▁covered ▁Si ou xs ie ' s
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▁songs . ▁Jeff ▁Buck ley ▁performed ▁" K illing ▁Time " ▁several ▁times , ▁he ▁first ▁recorded ▁it ▁during ▁a ▁radio ▁session ▁for ▁W FM U ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁L CD ▁Sounds ystem ▁recorded ▁a ▁cover ▁of ▁" Sl ow d ive " ▁for ▁the ▁B - side ▁of ▁" Dis co ▁In fil tr ator ", ▁their ▁version ▁was ▁also ▁released ▁on ▁In tr ons . ▁Sant ig old ▁based ▁her ▁track ▁" My ▁Super man ", ▁on ▁the ▁music ▁of ▁" Red ▁Light ". ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁B eta ▁Band ▁sam pled ▁" P ainted ▁Bird " ▁and ▁changed ▁the ▁title ▁to ▁" L iqu id ▁Bird " ▁on ▁their ▁Hero es ▁to ▁Z eros ▁album . ▁Red ▁Hot ▁Ch ili ▁Pe pp ers ▁performed ▁" Christ ine " ▁at ▁the ▁V 2 0 0 1 ▁festival ▁and ▁introduced ▁it ▁to ▁their ▁British ▁audience ▁as ▁" your ▁national ▁an the m ". ▁" Christ ine " ▁was ▁also ▁re vis ited ▁by ▁Simple ▁Mind s . ▁Ind ie ▁folk ▁group ▁De V ot ch K a ▁covered ▁" The ▁Last ▁Beat ▁of ▁My ▁Heart " ▁at ▁the ▁suggestion ▁of ▁Arc ade ▁Fire ▁singer ▁Win ▁Butler ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁Week nd ▁sam pled ▁" H appy ▁House " ▁on ▁the ▁title ▁track ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁mi xt ape ▁" H ouse ▁of ▁Ball oons " ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Morris sey ▁said ▁that ▁"
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Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁were ▁excellent . ▁They ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁great ▁groups ▁of ▁the ▁late ▁ 7 0 s , ▁early ▁ 8 0 s ". ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁discussing ▁modern ▁bands , ▁he ▁also ▁stated : ▁" None ▁of ▁them ▁are ▁as ▁good ▁as ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁at ▁full ▁p elt . ▁That ' s ▁not ▁dust y ▁nost alg ia , ▁that ' s ▁fact ". ▁Another ▁ex - member ▁of ▁the ▁Smith s , ▁Johnny ▁Mar r , ▁said : ▁" Re ally ▁my ▁generation ▁was ▁all ▁about ▁a ▁guy ▁called ▁John ▁Mc Ge och , ▁from ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁great ▁player ". ▁Mar r ▁h ailed ▁Mc Ge och ▁for ▁his ▁work ▁on ▁Si ou xs ie ' s ▁single ▁" Spell bound ". ▁Mar r ▁qualified ▁it ▁as ▁" cle ver " ▁with ▁" re ally ▁good ▁pick y ▁thing ▁going ▁on ▁which ▁is ▁very ▁un - rock ' n ' roll ". ▁Radio head ▁also ▁cited ▁Mc Ge och - era ▁Si ou xs ie ▁records ▁when ▁mention ing ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁" There ▁There ". ▁Their ▁singer , ▁Thom ▁Y or ke , ▁said : ▁" The ▁band ▁that ▁really ▁changed ▁my ▁life ▁was ▁R . E . M . ▁and ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ..." . ▁" My
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▁favourite ▁show ▁I ▁ever ▁saw ▁then ▁was ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁she ▁was ▁absolutely ▁amazing . ... ▁ ▁She ' s ▁totally ▁in ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁whole ▁audience ". ▁Y or ke ▁added ▁that ▁she ▁" made ▁an ▁especially ▁big ▁impression ▁in ▁concert , ▁she ▁was ▁really ▁sexy ▁but ▁absolutely ▁terr ifying ." ▁Son ic ▁Youth ▁singer ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁Th ur ston ▁Moore ▁named ▁" H ong ▁Kong ▁Garden " ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁ 2 5 ▁all - time ▁favourite ▁songs . ▁ ▁Si ou xs ie ▁has ▁influenced ▁other ▁bands ▁ranging ▁from ▁contempor aries ▁Joy ▁Division , ▁U 2 , ▁and ▁the ▁C ure , ▁to ▁later ▁acts ▁like ▁the ▁Jesus ▁and ▁Mary ▁Chain , ▁Jane ' s ▁Add iction ▁and ▁TV ▁on ▁the ▁Radio . ▁Joy ▁Division ▁co - found er ▁Peter ▁Hook ▁said ▁that ▁The ▁Scre am ▁inspired ▁them ▁for ▁the ▁" un us ual ▁way ▁of ▁playing " ▁and ▁cited ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁as ▁" one ▁of ▁our ▁big ▁influences ". ▁ ▁U 2 ▁front man ▁B ono ▁named ▁her ▁as ▁an ▁influence ▁in ▁the ▁band ' s ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁aut obi ography ▁U 2 ▁by ▁U 2 . ▁He ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁her ▁way ▁of ▁singing . ▁With ▁his ▁band , ▁he ▁selected ▁" Christ ine " ▁for ▁a ▁compilation ▁made ▁for ▁Mo jo ' s ▁readers . ▁U 2 ▁guitar ist ▁the ▁Edge ▁also ▁was ▁the ▁present er ▁of ▁an ▁award ▁given ▁to ▁Si ou xs ie ▁at
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▁a ▁Mo jo ▁ceremony ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁The ▁C ure ' s ▁Robert ▁Smith ▁declared ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁" Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁and ▁Wire ▁were ▁the ▁two ▁bands ▁I ▁really ▁adm ired . ▁They ▁meant ▁something ". ▁He ▁also ▁pin point ed ▁what ▁the ▁Join ▁H ands ▁tour ▁brought ▁him ▁mus ically : ▁" On ▁stage ▁that ▁first ▁night ▁with ▁the ▁B ans he es , ▁I ▁was ▁blown ▁away ▁by ▁how ▁powerful ▁I ▁felt ▁playing ▁that ▁kind ▁of ▁music . ▁It ▁was ▁so ▁different ▁to ▁what ▁we ▁were ▁doing ▁with ▁the ▁C ure . ▁Before ▁that , ▁I ' d ▁wanted ▁us ▁to ▁be ▁like ▁the ▁B uzz c ocks ▁or ▁El vis ▁Cost ello , ▁the ▁punk ▁Beat les . ▁Being ▁a ▁B ans he e ▁really ▁changed ▁my ▁attitude ▁to ▁what ▁I ▁was ▁doing ". ▁For ▁Smith ' s ▁record ▁The ▁Head ▁on ▁the ▁Door ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁he ▁stated : ▁" It ▁reminds ▁me ▁of ▁the ▁K ale idos cope ▁album , ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁having ▁lots ▁of ▁different ▁sound ing ▁things , ▁different ▁colours ". ▁Dave ▁Nav ar ro ▁of ▁Jane ' s ▁Add iction ▁once ▁made ▁a ▁parallel ▁between ▁his ▁band ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es : ▁" There ▁are ▁so ▁many ▁similar ▁threads : ▁mel ody , ▁use ▁of ▁sound , ▁attitude , ▁sex ▁appeal . ▁I ▁always ▁saw ▁Jane ' s ▁Add iction ▁as ▁the
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▁mascul ine ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ". ▁From ▁a ▁younger ▁generation , ▁Dave ▁Site k ▁of ▁TV ▁on ▁the ▁Radio ▁h ailed ▁the ▁pop pi est ▁Si ou xs ie ▁songs , ▁c iting ▁their ▁arrangements : ▁" I ' ve ▁always ▁tried ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁song ▁that ▁begins ▁like ▁" K iss ▁The m ▁for ▁Me ". ▁I ▁think ▁songs ▁like ▁" I ▁Was ▁a ▁L over " ▁or ▁" W ash ▁the ▁Day ▁A way " ▁came ▁from ▁that ▁element ▁of ▁surprise ▁mode ▁where ▁all ▁of ▁a ▁sudden ▁this ▁giant ▁drum ▁comes ▁in ▁and ▁you ' re ▁like , ▁what ▁the ▁fuck ?! ▁That ▁record ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁one ▁where ▁I ▁was ▁like , ▁okay , ▁even ▁my ▁friends ' re ▁going ▁to ▁fall ▁for ▁this . ▁I ▁feel ▁like ▁that ▁transition ▁into ▁that ▁record ▁was ▁a ▁relief ▁for ▁me . ▁Really ▁beautiful ▁music ▁was ▁always ▁considered ▁too ▁weird ▁by ▁the ▁normal ▁kids ▁and ▁that ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁example ▁where ▁I ▁thought , ▁we ' ve ▁got ▁them , ▁they ' re ▁hook ed ! ▁I ▁watched ▁people ▁dance ▁to ▁that ▁song , ▁people ▁who ▁had ▁never ▁heard ▁of ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁music ▁that ▁I ▁listened ▁to , ▁they ▁heard ▁that ▁music ▁in ▁a ▁club ▁and ▁went ▁crazy ". ▁Dave ▁G ahan ▁of ▁De pe che ▁Mode ▁said ▁about ▁her : ▁" She ▁always ▁sounds ▁exciting . ▁She ▁s ings ▁with ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁sex – that ' s ▁what ▁I ▁like ". ▁Mark ▁Lan
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eg an ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁like ▁to ▁collabor ate ▁with ▁her : ▁" In ▁my ▁wild est ▁dreams ▁I ▁would ▁love ▁to ▁sing ▁with ▁Si ou xs ie ". ▁ ▁Si ou xs ie ▁has ▁been ▁h ailed ▁by ▁many ▁female ▁sing ers . ▁When ▁asked ▁if ▁there ▁was ▁any ▁figure ▁who ▁connected ▁with ▁her ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁just ▁a ▁listener , ▁P J ▁Harvey ▁replied : ▁" It ' s ▁hard ▁to ▁beat ▁Si ou xs ie ▁Si oux , ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁live ▁performance . ▁She ▁is ▁so ▁exciting ▁to ▁watch , ▁so ▁full ▁of ▁energy ▁and ▁human ▁raw ▁quality ". ▁Harvey ▁also ▁selected ▁in ▁her ▁top ▁ 1 0 ▁favourite ▁albums ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁An ima ▁Anim us ▁album ▁by ▁Si ou xs ie ' s ▁second ▁band ▁the ▁Creat ures . ▁Sin é ad ▁O ' Conn or ▁said ▁that ▁when ▁she ▁started , ▁Si ou xs ie ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁main ▁influences . ▁Trace y ▁Th orn ▁of ▁Everything ▁But ▁the ▁Girl ▁wrote ▁in ▁her ▁aut obi ography ▁that ▁Si ou xs ie ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁hero ines . ▁Th orn ▁paid ▁hom age ▁to ▁Si ou xs ie ▁in ▁the ▁lyrics ▁of ▁her ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁song ▁" H ands ▁Up ▁to ▁the ▁Ce iling ". ▁Elizabeth ▁Fr aser ▁ ▁of ▁Co ct eau ▁Tw ins ▁used ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁Si ou xs ie ▁tattoo ▁on ▁her ▁arm , ▁and ▁mentioned ▁her ▁lik ing ▁for ▁" Met
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al ▁Post card " ▁to ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁Mass ive ▁Att ack ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁Shar leen ▁Sp iter i ▁of ▁Texas ▁grew ▁up ▁listening ▁to ▁tracks ▁such ▁as ▁" H ong ▁Kong ▁Garden " ▁and ▁was ▁hook ed ▁by ▁the ▁Asian ▁v ibe ▁present ▁in ▁the ▁song ; ▁she ▁stated ▁that ▁Texas ' ▁single ▁" In ▁Our ▁L if etime " ▁was ▁" our ▁t ribute ▁to " ▁" H ong ▁Kong ▁Garden ". ▁Gar bage ▁singer ▁Shir ley ▁M anson ▁cited ▁her ▁as ▁an ▁influence : ▁" I ▁learned ▁how ▁to ▁sing ▁listening ▁to ▁The ▁Scre am ▁and ▁K ale idos cope ". ▁M anson ▁also ▁declared ▁that ▁Si ou xs ie ▁embod ied ▁everything ▁she ▁wanted ▁to ▁be ▁as ▁a ▁young ▁woman . ▁M anson ▁would ▁later ▁write ▁the ▁fore word ▁to ▁Si ou xs ie ▁& ▁The ▁B ans he es : ▁The ▁Author ised ▁Biography . ▁G ossip ▁cited ▁her ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁their ▁influences ▁for ▁their ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁album ▁Music ▁for ▁Men . ▁Ana ▁Mat ronic ▁of ▁Sc iss or ▁Sister s ▁named ▁Si ou xs ie ▁as ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁inspiration ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁as ▁her ▁favourite ▁band . ▁Si ou xs ie ▁was ▁also ▁h ailed ▁by ▁Rom y ▁Mad ley ▁Cro ft ▁of ▁the ▁XX , ▁Kim ▁Deal ▁of ▁the ▁P ix ies ▁and ▁the ▁B reed ers , ▁and ▁also ▁by ▁Joseph ine ▁W ig gs ▁of ▁the ▁B reed ers , ▁and
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▁name checked ▁by ▁Kar in ▁Dre ij er ▁Anders son ▁of ▁the ▁Kn ife . ▁Kate ▁Jackson ▁of ▁the ▁Long ▁Bl ond es ▁said ▁that ▁Si ou xs ie ▁was ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁musical ▁background , ▁thanks ▁to ▁her ▁" sh arp ▁lyrics " ▁on ▁Creat ures ' ▁tracks ▁like ▁" So ▁Un real ". ▁Rachel ▁G os well ▁mentioned ▁her ▁as ▁a ▁major ▁influence : ▁" From ▁a ▁singing ▁point ▁of ▁view , ▁I ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁Si ou xs ie ▁Si oux , ▁who ▁I ▁just ▁ad ored . ▁She ' s ▁amazing . ▁I ' ve ▁never ▁seen ▁anyone ▁else ▁quite ▁like ▁her " ▁; ▁her ▁band ▁Slow d ive ▁was ▁named ▁on ▁a ▁suggestion ▁of ▁G os well , ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁B ans he es ' ▁single ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁L ush ▁were ▁initially ▁named ▁" the ▁Baby ▁Mach ines ", ▁which ▁the ▁band ▁c ull ed ▁from ▁the ▁lyrics ▁of ▁" Ar ab ian ▁Kn ights ". ▁Court ney ▁Love ▁of ▁H ole ▁wrote ▁Si ou xs ie ▁in ▁her ▁favourite ▁records ' ▁list ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁teenager ▁in ▁her ▁diary . ▁While ▁talking ▁about ▁the ▁band ▁Sav ages , ▁Love ▁also ▁stated : ▁" They ▁are ▁amazing . ... ▁It ' s ▁kind ▁of ▁very ▁Si ou xs ie ▁Si oux ". ▁Kim ▁Gordon ▁of ▁Son ic ▁Youth ▁said : ▁" Init ially ▁I ▁was ▁really ▁inspired ▁by ▁[...] ▁Si ou xs ie , ▁ ▁P atti ▁Smith ". ▁F K
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A ▁tw igs ▁named ▁her ▁as ▁a ▁main ▁influence : ▁" Every ▁bit ▁of ▁music ▁that ▁I ▁made ▁sounded ▁like ▁a ▁past iche ▁of ▁Si ou xs ie ▁[...] ▁but ▁through ▁that ▁I ▁discovered ▁myself ". ▁▁ ▁Other ▁female ▁artists ▁have ▁been ▁quoted ▁express ing ▁adm iration ▁for ▁her ▁work , ▁including ▁ ▁Char li ▁X C X , ▁Hay ley ▁Williams ▁of ▁Param ore , ▁Dol ores ▁O ' R i ord an ▁of ▁the ▁Cr an berries , ▁Jennifer ▁Charles ▁of ▁E ly s ian ▁Field s , ▁E b ony ▁B ones , ▁T oni ▁Hall iday ▁of ▁Cur ve , ▁Ch an ▁Marshall ▁a ka ▁Cat ▁Power , ▁Gill ian ▁Gilbert ▁of ▁New ▁Order , ▁Al ison ▁Gold fr app , ▁Je hn ny ▁Beth ▁of ▁Sav ages , ▁Florence ▁Wel ch ▁of ▁Florence ▁+ ▁the ▁Machine , ▁Chelsea ▁Wol fe , ▁Bro dy ▁D alle ▁of ▁the ▁Dist ill ers , ▁De e ▁De e ▁of ▁Dum ▁Dum ▁Girls , ▁and ▁ ▁Jenny ▁Lee ▁Lind berg ▁ ▁of ▁War p aint . ▁Sant ig old ▁said : ▁" I ▁keep ▁a ▁Rol ode x ▁of ▁the ▁women ▁that ▁voc ally ▁inspire ▁me . ▁There ▁aren ' t ▁that ▁many , ▁but ▁she ' s ▁definitely ▁one ▁of ▁them . ▁I ▁remember ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁times ▁I ▁heard ▁" Red ▁Light " ▁it ▁was ▁at ▁a ▁party , ▁and ▁I ▁remember ▁going ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁DJ ▁and ▁being ▁like , ▁" Who ' s ▁this ?" . ▁It
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▁was ▁that ▁good . ▁I ▁kind ▁of ▁stopped ▁and ▁was ▁like ... ▁w ow . ▁There ' s ▁not ▁a ▁tremendous ▁amount ▁of ▁women ▁who ▁are ▁bold ▁and ▁forward ▁thinking ▁as ▁artists . ▁I ▁feel ▁like ▁her ▁music , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁especially , ▁was ▁pretty ▁unique ▁in ▁the ▁way ▁that ▁it ▁sort ▁of ▁matched ▁her ▁style . ▁The ▁freedom ▁of ▁experiment ing ▁with ▁this ▁dark ▁place ▁that ▁doesn ' t ▁have ▁a ▁place ▁often ▁in ▁modern ▁music . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Si ou xs ie ▁married ▁drum mer ▁Bud gie ▁( real ▁name : ▁Peter ▁Edward ▁Clar ke ) ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁they ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁south west ▁of ▁France . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁The ▁Sunday ▁Times ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁she ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁and ▁Bud gie ▁had ▁divor ced . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁The ▁Independent , ▁she ▁said : ▁" I ' ve ▁never ▁particularly ▁said ▁I ' m ▁heter o ▁or ▁I ' m ▁a ▁les bian . ▁I ▁know ▁there ▁are ▁people ▁who ▁are ▁definitely ▁one ▁way , ▁but ▁not ▁really ▁me . ▁I ▁suppose ▁if ▁I ▁am ▁attracted ▁to ▁men ▁then ▁they ▁usually ▁have ▁more ▁femin ine ▁qualities ." ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁For ▁her ▁works ▁with ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es , ▁see ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁disc ography . ▁ ▁For ▁her ▁works ▁with ▁the ▁Creat ures ,
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▁see ▁the ▁Creat ures ▁disc ography . ▁ ▁S olo ▁album ▁ ▁S olo ▁singles ▁ ▁Coll abor ative ▁singles ▁ ▁DVD ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Dream show ▁No . 1 ▁UK ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Finale : ▁The ▁Last ▁M ant ar ay ▁& ▁More ▁Show ▁No . 4 ▁UK ▁ ▁Coll abor ations ▁with ▁other ▁artists ▁ ▁In ▁studio ▁ ▁Morris sey : ▁" Inter l ude " ▁ ▁( single ▁recorded ▁in ▁du et ) ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁H ector ▁Z az ou : ▁" The ▁L ighth ouse " ▁( s ong ▁recorded ▁as ▁guest ▁on ▁the ▁Ch ans ons ▁des ▁m ers ▁fro ides / S ongs ▁from ▁the ▁Cold ▁Se as ▁album ) ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Marc ▁Al mond : ▁" Th reat ▁of ▁Love " ▁( s ong ▁recorded ▁in ▁du et ▁for ▁the ▁Open ▁All ▁Night ▁album ) ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Bas ement ▁J ax x : ▁" C ish ▁Cash " ▁( s ong ▁recorded ▁as ▁guest ▁on ▁the ▁K ish ▁K ash ▁album ) ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Ang elo ▁Bad al ament i : ▁" C are less ▁Love " ▁( s ong ▁recorded ▁as ▁guest ▁for ▁The ▁Edge ▁of ▁Love ▁film ▁sound track ) ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Brian ▁Re itz ell : ▁" Love ▁Crime " ▁( s ong ▁recorded ▁for ▁the ▁Hann ib al ▁series ▁finale )
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▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Live ▁ ▁S ued e : ▁" Car oline ▁S ays " ▁( written ▁by ▁Lou ▁Reed , ▁performed ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁at ▁a ▁Red ▁Hot ▁& ▁A IDS ▁Benef it ▁concert ) ▁▁ ▁John ▁C ale : ▁" M ur der ing ▁M outh " ▁( a ▁Si ou xs ie ▁song ; ▁performed ▁live ▁as ▁a ▁du et ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁during ▁The ▁Creat ures / John ▁C ale ' s ▁US ▁double ▁bill , ▁ ▁No ▁How ▁Tour ) ▁▁ ▁Y oko ▁On o : ▁" Walk ing ▁on ▁Th in ▁Ice " ▁( du et ▁performed ▁live ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁in ▁London ) ▁▁ ▁Film ▁appearances ▁of ▁songs ▁include ▁The ▁Punk ▁Rock ▁Movie ▁( Don ▁Let ts , ▁ 1 9 7 7 ); ▁J ub ile e ▁( D erek ▁Jar man , ▁ 1 9 7 7 ); ▁Out ▁of ▁B ounds ▁( Rich ard ▁T ug gle , ▁ 1 9 8 6 ); ▁Bat man ▁Returns ▁( Tim ▁Bur ton , 1 9 9 2 ); ▁Show girl s ▁( Paul ▁Ver ho even , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ); ▁The ▁Craft ▁( And rew ▁F lem ing , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ); ▁G ros se ▁P oin te ▁Bl ank ▁( Ge orge ▁Ar mit age , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ); ▁The ▁Fil th ▁and
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▁the ▁F ury ▁( J ul ien ▁Temple , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ); ▁ 2 4 ▁H our ▁Party ▁People ▁( M ichael ▁Winter bottom , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ); ▁Marie ▁Ant oin ette ▁( S of ia ▁Cop pol a , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ); ▁Mon ster ▁House ▁( G il ▁Ken an , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ); ▁Notes ▁on ▁a ▁Sc andal ▁( Rich ard ▁E y re , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ); ▁Do oms day ▁( Ne il ▁Marshall , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ); ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Women ▁( M ike ▁M ills , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ); ▁I , ▁Tony a ▁( C ra ig ▁G illes pie , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ). Not es ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Pay t ress , ▁Mark . ▁Si ou xs ie ▁& ▁the ▁B ans he es : ▁The ▁Author ised ▁Biography . ▁San ct uary , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁▁ ▁John s , ▁Brian . ▁En tr anced ▁: ▁the ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁story ' '. ▁O mn ib us ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁site ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : Al tern ative ▁rock ▁sing ers ▁Category : B rit ish ▁alternative ▁rock ▁musicians ▁Category : English ▁people ▁of ▁Belg ian ▁descent ▁Category
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: B rit ish ▁people ▁of ▁Wall oon ▁descent ▁Category : B rom ley ▁Cont ing ent ▁Category : English ▁contr alt os ▁Category : English ▁female ▁sing ers ▁Category : English ▁new ▁wave ▁musicians ▁Category : English ▁punk ▁rock ▁sing ers ▁▁ ▁Category : F em ale ▁punk ▁rock ▁sing ers ▁Category : F em ale ▁new ▁wave ▁sing ers ▁Category : G oth ic ▁rock ▁musicians ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M el od ica ▁players ▁Category : People ▁from ▁B rom ley ▁Category : Sing ers ▁from ▁London ▁Category : Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁members ▁Category : I vor ▁Nov ello ▁Award ▁winners ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Kent ▁Category : B rit ish ▁female ▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁women ▁sing ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Lim on est ▁( 2 0 ▁March ▁ 1 8 1 4 ) ▁saw ▁ 5 3 , 0 0 0 ▁Aust rian ▁and ▁H ess ian ▁troops ▁led ▁by ▁Prince ▁Frederick ▁of ▁H essen - H omb urg ▁attack ▁ 2 3 , 0 0 0 ▁French ▁troops ▁under ▁Marshal ▁Pierre ▁Aug ere au . ▁After ▁some ▁stiff ▁fighting , ▁the ▁All ies ▁forced ▁the ▁out number ed ▁French ▁defend ers ▁to ▁withdraw ▁from ▁a ▁line ▁of ▁hills ▁north ▁of ▁Ly on ▁in ▁this ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Six th ▁Coal ition ▁action . ▁Ly on , ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 4 ▁the ▁second ▁largest
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▁city ▁in ▁France , ▁was ▁abandoned ▁to ▁the ▁All ies ▁as ▁a ▁direct ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁defeat . ▁▁ ▁While ▁Napoleon ▁faced ▁the ▁main ▁All ied ▁arm ies ▁of ▁Karl ▁Philipp , ▁Prince ▁of ▁Sch war zen berg ▁and ▁Geb hard ▁Leb ere cht ▁von ▁Bl ü cher ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁Paris , ▁a ▁secondary ▁campaign ▁was ▁conducted ▁near ▁Ly on ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 8 1 4 ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁easily ▁captured ▁large ▁sw ath s ▁of ▁territory , ▁but ▁failed ▁to ▁se ize ▁Ly on . ▁By ▁mid - F ebru ary , ▁a ▁rein forced ▁Aug ere au ▁managed ▁to ▁rec apture ▁some ▁towns , ▁pos ing ▁a ▁threat . ▁An x ious ▁for ▁his ▁supply ▁line ▁back ▁to ▁Germany , ▁Sch war zen berg ▁sent ▁Prince ▁H essen - H omb urg ▁large ▁forces ▁to ▁protect ▁his ▁southern ▁fl ank . ▁With ▁greatly ▁superior ▁forces , ▁H essen - H omb urg ▁pressed ▁the ▁French ▁back ▁in ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁battles ▁and ▁captured ▁Ly on ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 2 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Category : B att les ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Six th ▁Coal ition ▁Category : B att les ▁of ▁the ▁Napole onic ▁Wars ▁Category : B att les ▁involving ▁Austria ▁Category : B att les ▁involving ▁France ▁Category : B att les ▁involving ▁H esse - K ass el ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 4 ▁Category : 1 8
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1 4 ▁in ▁France ▁Category : M arch ▁ 1 8 1 4 ▁events <0x0A> </s> ▁American ▁jazz ▁sa x oph on ist ▁John ▁Col tr ane ▁recorded ▁several ▁sessions ▁in ▁his ▁lifetime ▁as ▁both ▁a ▁sid eman ▁and ▁a ▁band le ader . ▁ ▁Rec ording ▁S essions ▁Col tr ane <0x0A> </s> ▁Some ▁Sh apes ▁to ▁Come ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁album ▁by ▁American ▁sa x oph on ist ▁Steve ▁G ross man . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁by ▁PM ▁Records . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁At ▁All Music , ▁critic ▁Vincent ▁Thomas ▁writes ▁about ▁Some ▁Sh apes ▁to ▁Come ▁that : ▁ ▁At ▁Record ▁Col lector ▁magazine , ▁view er ▁Jamie ▁At kins ▁notes ▁that : ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁▁ ▁Steve ▁G ross man ▁– ▁ten or ▁sa x oph one , ▁sop r ano ▁sa x oph one ▁ ▁Don ▁Al ias ▁– ▁drums , ▁con gas , ▁b ong os , ▁b ells ▁ ▁Gene ▁Per la ▁– ▁electric ▁bass , ▁ac oustic ▁bass , ▁mixed ▁by ▁( mix ing ▁engineer ), ▁producer ▁ ▁Jan ▁Ham mer ▁– ▁electric ▁piano , ▁synt hes izer ▁( Mo og ) ▁▁ ▁Jamie ▁Far fan ▁– ▁artwork ▁( cover ▁painting ) ▁ ▁David ▁Le ▁S age ▁– ▁engineer ▁( over d ub ) ▁ ▁Mark ▁" Mo ogy " ▁K ling man ▁– ▁engineer ▁( rec ording ) ▁ ▁Charles ▁Sub er ▁– ▁l iner ▁notes ▁ ▁Anne ▁Marie ▁Sch n ider ▁– ▁photography
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▁by , ▁design ▁( cover ▁design ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁https :// www . dis c ogs . com / Ste ve - G ross man - Some - Sh apes - To - Come / release / 1 9 7 2 8 7 6 ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁debut ▁albums ▁Category : Ste ve ▁G ross man ▁( s ax oph on ist ) ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁There ▁have ▁been ▁ 1 1 5 ▁hur ricane ▁or ▁tropical ▁storm s ▁that ▁affected ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁Due ▁to ▁its ▁location , ▁few ▁hur ric anes ▁have ▁hit ▁the ▁state ▁directly , ▁though ▁numerous ▁hur ric anes ▁have ▁passed ▁near ▁or ▁through ▁New ▁Jersey ▁in ▁its ▁history . ▁About ▁every ▁ 1 0 year s , ▁hur ric anes ▁approach ▁the ▁coast line ▁close ▁enough ▁to ▁send ▁waves ▁over ▁barrier ▁islands ' ▁d unes ▁and ▁into ▁back ▁b ays . ▁According ▁to ▁an ▁estimate ▁by ▁met e or ologist ▁George ▁P rou fl is , ▁the ▁chances ▁for ▁a ▁direct ▁hit ▁by ▁a ▁hur ricane ▁on ▁the ▁Jersey ▁shore ▁each ▁year ▁is ▁ 1 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 . ▁ ▁New ▁Jersey ▁has ▁seen ▁the ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁several ▁once - power ful ▁hur ric anes , ▁some ▁resulting ▁in ▁heavy ▁damage . ▁N ine ▁storm s ▁dropped ▁over ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁the ▁state , ▁including ▁a ▁hur ricane ▁in ▁ 1 9 4
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0 ▁that ▁interact ed ▁with ▁a ▁cold ▁front ▁and ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁E wan . ▁N umer ous ▁hur ric anes ▁that ▁remained ▁off shore ▁have ▁each ▁d rowned ▁small ▁numbers ▁of ▁sw imm ers . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁are ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁that ▁passed ▁through ▁the ▁state ▁after ▁we aken ing ▁from ▁their ▁peak . ▁ ▁Pre – 1 9 0 0 ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁two ▁hur ric anes ▁struck ▁the ▁coast line , ▁each ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 4 ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 1 ; ▁both ▁caused ▁minor ▁damage . ▁The ▁most ▁significant ▁storm ▁of ▁the ▁century ▁was ▁the ▁G ale ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 8 , ▁which ▁produced ▁hur ricane - force ▁winds ▁across ▁western ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁caused ▁severe ▁damage ▁and ▁ 1 1 de ath s . ▁ 1 2 7 8 – 1 4 3 8 – ▁Sed iment ary ▁layers ▁indicate ▁a ▁powerful ▁hur ricane ▁hit ▁the ▁state ' s ▁coast line ▁during ▁this ▁time ▁period . ▁October ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 8 0 4 – ▁The ▁Storm ▁of ▁October ▁ 1 8 0 4 ▁struck ▁near ▁Atlantic ▁City ▁as ▁a ▁strong ▁Category ▁ 2 ▁or ▁weak ▁Category ▁ 3 ▁hur ricane , ▁s inking ▁or ▁be aching ▁many ▁ships ▁in ▁the ▁Mid – At l antic . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁later ▁produces ▁a ▁snow ▁storm ▁in ▁New ▁England .
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▁August ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 0 6 – ▁A ▁ship ▁off ▁Bar neg at ▁Island ▁s unk ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 8 0 6 ▁Great ▁Coast al ▁hur ricane , ▁killing ▁ 2 1 people . ▁September ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 8 1 5 – ▁The ▁Great ▁September ▁G ale ▁of ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁caused ▁heavy ▁damage ▁along ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁coast line ▁while ▁remaining ▁off shore , ▁though ▁exact ▁tot als ▁are ▁unknown . ▁August ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 8 1 7 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁storm ▁moved ▁through ▁the ▁western ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 8 2 1 – ▁An ▁estimated ▁Category ▁ 4 ▁hur ricane ▁hits ▁near ▁Cape ▁May . ▁Acc om pan ied ▁by ▁a ▁five - foot ▁storm ▁surge , ▁damage ▁is ▁great ▁in ▁the ▁small ▁town , ▁though ▁is ▁only ▁moderate ▁along ▁the ▁coast line ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁sp arse ▁population . ▁No ▁known ▁deaths ▁are ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁hur ricane ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁August ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 8 3 9 – ▁An ▁off shore ▁hur ricane ▁forced ▁the ▁floating ▁light ▁in ▁Sandy ▁Hook ▁to ▁break ▁loose ▁and ▁set ▁ad rift . ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 8 4 1 – ▁An ▁off shore ▁hur ricane ▁dropped ▁rain ▁and ▁snow ▁in ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁October ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 8 4 6 – ▁The ▁Great ▁Hav ana
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▁Hur ricane ▁of ▁ 1 8 4 6 ▁passed ▁near ▁or ▁over ▁the ▁state , ▁destroying ▁many ▁houses , ▁down ing ▁many ▁trees , ▁and ▁d rowning ▁several ▁liv est ock . ▁July ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 8 5 0 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁storm ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁causing ▁heavy ▁rain ▁and ▁crop ▁damage ▁in ▁Bur lington . ▁August ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 8 5 0 – ▁A ▁hur ricane ▁passing ▁south ▁of ▁Cape ▁May ▁dropped ▁over ▁ 3 in ches ▁( 8 cm ) ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 8 5 0 – ▁An ▁off shore ▁hur ricane ▁produced ▁high ▁winds ▁and ▁ 2 . 6 in ches ▁( 6 . 6 cm ) ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁New ark . ▁September ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 – ▁A ▁strong ▁tropical ▁storm ▁passed ▁over ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 8 6 3 – ▁A ▁moderate ▁tropical ▁storm ▁crossed ▁the ▁state . ▁October ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 8 6 6 – ▁A ▁moderate ▁tropical ▁storm ▁brushed ▁the ▁nort he astern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁before ▁entering ▁New ▁York . ▁October ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 8 7 2 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁storm ▁moves ▁across ▁New ▁Jersey ▁with ▁winds ▁of ▁ 4 5 m ph ▁( 7 5 km / h ). ▁August
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, ▁ 1 8 7 3 – ▁Though ▁it ▁never ▁made ▁land fall ▁on ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁Great ▁Nova ▁Scot ia ▁Cycl one ▁approached ▁the ▁state , ▁prompt ing ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁Sign al ▁Corps ▁to ▁issue ▁a ▁hur ricane ▁warning ▁from ▁Cape ▁May ▁to ▁New ▁Haven , ▁Connecticut . ▁September ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 8 7 4 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁storm ▁moved ▁through ▁the ▁state . ▁October ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 7 8 – ▁The ▁G ale ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 8 ▁struck ▁North ▁Carolina ▁and ▁moved ▁into ▁the ▁Mid - At l antic , ▁producing ▁winds ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 8 4 m ph ▁( 1 3 6 km / h ) ▁in ▁Cape ▁May . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁causes ▁high ▁t ides ▁and ▁strong ▁flo oding , ▁destroying ▁several ▁houses ▁along ▁the ▁coast line , ▁and ▁washing ▁out ▁several ▁rail road ▁lines . ▁Strong ▁winds ▁destroyed ▁around ▁ 1 5 0 h ouses ▁in ▁Cam den . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁killed ▁eight ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 8 8 2 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁storm ▁passing ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁caused ▁strong ▁winds ▁and ▁damage ▁along ▁the ▁coast line . ▁September ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 8 8 2 – ▁A ▁weak ▁tropical ▁storm ▁par alle led ▁the ▁coast line . ▁June ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 8 6 – ▁A
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▁tropical ▁depression ▁crossed ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 8 8 9 – ▁A ▁hur ricane ▁st alled ▁off shore ▁the ▁state ▁and ▁las hed ▁the ▁coast line ▁with ▁high ▁winds , ▁beach ▁er os ion , ▁and ▁severe ▁storm ▁t ides . ▁ ▁August ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 8 9 3 – ▁A ▁hur ricane ▁passed ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁before ▁making ▁land fall ▁near ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁produced ▁strong ▁winds ▁and ▁rain fall ▁along ▁the ▁coast line . ▁▁ 1 9 0 0 – 1 9 4 9 ▁Hur ricane ▁activity ▁was ▁above ▁average ▁during ▁this ▁time ▁period . ▁A ▁hur ricane ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁hit ▁near ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁causing ▁heavy ▁damage ▁near ▁the ▁shore . ▁The ▁most ▁severe ▁hur ricane ▁in ▁the ▁time ▁period ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁Great ▁Atlantic ▁Hur ricane . ▁Though ▁it ▁did ▁not ▁make ▁land fall , ▁it ▁brought ▁strong ▁winds ▁and ▁waves ▁to ▁the ▁coast line , ▁destroying ▁hundreds ▁of ▁homes . ▁September ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 0 3 – ▁A ▁hur ricane ▁made ▁land fall ▁on ▁Atlantic ▁City ▁with ▁winds ▁of ▁ 8 0 m ph ▁( 1 2 9 km / h ) ▁hur ricane , ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁most ▁recent ▁hur ricane ▁to ▁directly ▁strike ▁the ▁state . ▁Dub bed ▁by ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁City ▁Press ▁as ▁the ▁V ag ab ond ▁hur ricane , ▁the ▁storm
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▁gathered ▁media ▁interest ▁from ▁Philadelphia ▁and ▁New ▁York , ▁with ▁one ▁newspaper ▁offering ▁$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁( 1 9 0 3 US D ) ▁to ▁aid ▁the ▁survivors . ▁When ▁the ▁reporters ▁arrived ▁at ▁the ▁coast , ▁they ▁are ▁disappointed ▁at ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁damage , ▁which ▁was ▁conf ined ▁to ▁loose ▁boards ▁along ▁the ▁board walk . ▁The ▁storm ' s ▁strong ▁surf ▁destroyed ▁several ▁boats ▁along ▁the ▁coast line , ▁including ▁ 3 4 ▁in ▁W aret own . ▁August ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 1 5 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁depression ▁crossed ▁the ▁northern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁though ▁damage ▁tot als ▁are ▁unknown . ▁August ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 3 3 – ▁A ▁hur ricane ▁made ▁land fall ▁in ▁the ▁Out er ▁B anks ▁and ▁moved ▁through ▁Pennsylvania . ▁Its ▁large ▁circulation ▁produced ▁heavy ▁rain fall ▁and ▁hur ricane - force ▁wind ▁g ust s ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁where ▁damage ▁reached ▁$ 3 mill ion ▁( 1 9 3 3 US D ). ▁High ▁waves ▁killed ▁two ▁people . ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 3 6 – ▁An ▁off shore ▁Category 2 ▁hur ricane ▁flood ▁much ▁of ▁Long ▁Beach ▁Island ▁and ▁caused ▁severe ▁beach ▁er os ion ▁along ▁the ▁coast . ▁About ▁ 2 0 0 fe et ▁( 6 0 m ) ▁of ▁sand ▁near ▁the ▁Bar neg at ▁L ighth ouse ▁was ▁lost , ▁threatening
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▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁the ▁l ighth ouse . ▁September ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 – ▁The ▁New ▁England ▁Hur ricane ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁causing ▁strong ▁winds ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 m ph ▁( 1 6 0 km ) ▁and ▁powerful ▁waves ▁along ▁the ▁coast line . ▁The ▁bridge ▁to ▁Brig antine ▁collapsed , ▁leaving ▁the ▁city ▁mar oon ed . ▁The ▁Fall ▁tom ato ▁crop ▁was ▁ruined , ▁and ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁apple ▁harvest ▁was ▁destroyed . ▁August ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 3 9 – ▁T uck ert on ▁received ▁ 1 4 . 8 in ches ▁( 3 7 6 mm ) ▁of ▁precip itation ▁from ▁a ▁former ▁hur ricane . ▁The ▁storm ▁caused ▁major ▁flo oding ▁in ▁the ▁P ine ▁Bar ren s , ▁washing ▁away ▁a ▁historic ▁village ▁and ▁der ailing ▁a ▁train ▁in ▁Ch ats worth . ▁September 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 – ▁A ▁hur ricane ▁interact ing ▁with ▁a ▁cold ▁front ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁E wan , ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁wet test ▁tropical ▁cy clone ▁in ▁state ▁history . ▁Flo oding ▁damage ▁total ed ▁$ 4 mill ion ▁( 1 9 4 0 US D ), ▁ ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁four ▁deaths . ▁August ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁storm ▁hit ▁Cape ▁May ▁after
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▁passing ▁through ▁the ▁Del mar va ▁Pen insula , ▁causing ▁severe ▁beach ▁er os ion ▁and ▁high ▁t ides . ▁September ▁ 1 3 – Se ptember ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 – ▁The ▁" Great ▁Atlantic ▁hur ricane " ▁par alle led ▁the ▁coast line , ▁causing ▁severe ▁flo oding , ▁a ▁storm ▁surge ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 9 . 6 fe et ▁( 2 . 9 m ), ▁and ▁intense ▁waves ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 4 0 fe et ▁( 1 2 m ) ▁in ▁height . ▁Along ▁the ▁entire ▁coast line , ▁strong ▁winds ▁g ust ing ▁to ▁ 1 2 5 m ph ▁( 2 0 1 km / h ) ▁destroyed ▁hundreds ▁of ▁homes ▁and ▁damaged ▁thousands , ▁while ▁the ▁fer oc ious ▁waves ▁washed ▁away ▁fishing ▁p iers ▁and ▁board walk s . ▁Rain fall ▁from ▁the ▁storm ▁reached ▁ ▁near ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁caused ▁$ 2 5 mill ion ▁( 1 9 4 4 US D ) ▁in ▁damage ▁and ▁nine ▁deaths ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁▁ 1 9 5 0 – 1 9 7 9 ▁Several ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁affected ▁the ▁state ▁during ▁the ▁time ▁period , ▁though ▁Hur ricane ▁Don na ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁severe . ▁Par alle ling ▁the ▁coast line ▁off shore , ▁the ▁hur ricane ▁caused ▁heavy ▁damage ▁near ▁the ▁coast line ▁from ▁high ▁waves ▁and ▁winds . ▁In ▁addition , ▁Hur ricane
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▁B elle ▁was ▁predicted ▁to ▁strike ▁the ▁state , ▁though ▁it ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁with ▁only ▁minor ▁effects . ▁August ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁A ble ▁dropped ▁ ▁in ▁Mar l bor o ▁Township . ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 – ▁T rop ical ▁Dep ression ▁A ble ▁moved ▁across ▁the ▁northern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Oak ▁Ridge . ▁August ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 3 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Barbara ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁Cape ▁May . ▁S lick ▁roads ▁caused ▁a ▁deadly ▁traffic ▁accident ▁on ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Turn pi ke . ▁August ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Carol ▁caused ▁g ust y ▁winds ▁along ▁the ▁coast line ▁and ▁moderate ▁damage . ▁September ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Ed na ▁skirt ed ▁the ▁coast line , ▁producing ▁tropical ▁storm ▁force ▁winds ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 6 5 m ph ▁and ▁dropping ▁ 4 ▁inches ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁Long ▁Branch . ▁ ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Haz el ▁passed ▁well ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁producing ▁very ▁high ▁winds ▁but ▁only ▁sp or ad ic ▁rain fall . ▁Wind ▁g ust s ▁peak ▁at ▁ 9 2 m ph ▁in ▁T
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eter bor o . ▁August ▁ 1 2 – 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Con nie ▁threatened ▁the ▁state , ▁prompt ing ▁coastal ▁evac uations , ▁but ▁instead ▁passed ▁in land ▁to ▁the ▁state ' s ▁west . ▁The ▁storm ▁dropped ▁heavy ▁rain fall , ▁reaching ▁ ▁in ▁Vern on ▁Township . ▁Con nie ▁caused ▁power ▁out ages ▁and ▁killed ▁six ▁people . ▁August ▁ 1 9 – 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 – ▁Hur ricane ▁D iane ▁moved ▁across ▁Center ▁Jersey ▁only ▁a ▁week ▁after ▁Con nie ▁del ug ed ▁the ▁area , ▁trigger ing ▁heavy ▁r ains ▁that ▁reached ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Sus sex . ▁The ▁r ains ▁caused ▁severe ▁flo oding ▁along ▁the ▁major ▁Del aware , ▁Pass a ic , ▁and ▁R ar itan ▁rivers . ▁Three ▁people ▁d rowned ▁along ▁the ▁Mill stone ▁River . ▁About ▁ 2 0 0 hom es ▁were ▁damaged ▁or ▁destroyed ▁in ▁Lam bert ville . ▁State wide ▁damage ▁was ▁estimated ▁at ▁$ 2 7 . 5 mill ion ▁( 1 9 5 5 US D ). ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 – ▁Hur ricane ▁I one ▁passed ▁sout heast ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁over ▁ 3 in ches ▁( 7 5 mm ) ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁South ▁Jersey . ▁September ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of
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▁Hur ricane ▁Fl oss y ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁Bel mar . ▁June ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 7 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Aud rey ▁moved ▁through ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁storm ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Ring wood . ▁June ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 – ▁Rem nant ▁moisture ▁from ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Ar lene ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain ▁near ▁Sw edes bor o . ▁July ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 – ▁Off shore ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁C ind y ▁produced ▁ ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁B elle plain ▁State ▁Forest . ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 – ▁The ▁extr at rop ical ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Gr ac ie ▁produced ▁light ▁precip itation ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁July ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Brend a ▁moved ▁across ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Jersey ▁City . ▁September ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Don na ▁moved ▁up ▁the ▁East ▁Coast ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁passed ▁off shore ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁causing ▁heavy ▁damage ▁along ▁the ▁coast , ▁but ▁less ▁than ▁other ▁states ▁struck ▁directly ▁by ▁Don na . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁produced ▁ 1 0 5 m ph ▁( 1 6 9 km / h ) ▁wind ▁g ust
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s ▁and ▁a ▁storm ▁surge ▁of ▁ 6 fe et ▁( 2 m ) ▁near ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁and ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁Ham mont on ,. ▁One ▁person ▁died ▁related ▁to ▁a ▁heart ▁attack ▁during ▁the ▁storm . ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 1 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁storm ▁cross es ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁light ▁rain fall . ▁ ▁September ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 1 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Est her ▁caused ▁high ▁surf ▁and ▁ 7 0 m ph ▁( 1 1 3 km / h ) ▁winds ▁at ▁be aches ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 6 2 – ▁The ▁outer ▁rain bands ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Al ma ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Bass ▁River ▁State ▁Forest . ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 – ▁The ▁outer ▁rain bands ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁G in ny ▁dropped ▁ ▁in ▁Mah w ah . ▁September ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 – ▁Hur ricane ▁D ora ▁caused ▁high ▁t ides ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 4 fe et ▁( 1 m ) ▁and ▁rain fall ▁pe aking ▁at ▁ 2 . 5 in ches ▁( 6 . 3 5 cm ). ▁June ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Al ma ▁approached ▁the ▁coast ▁before ▁turning ▁nort heast ward ▁and
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▁becoming ▁extr at rop ical . ▁The ▁storm ▁caused ▁a ▁high ▁tide ▁of ▁ 4 . 5 fe et ▁( 1 . 4 m ) ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City . ▁September ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 – ▁Hur ricane ▁D oria ▁sank ▁a ▁boat ▁off shore ▁Ocean ▁City , ▁killing ▁three ▁people . ▁The ▁storm ▁produced ▁light ▁rain fall , ▁reaching ▁ ▁in ▁Free hold . ▁The ▁storm ▁caused ▁minor ▁damage ▁along ▁the ▁coast . ▁June ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁C andy ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁Lay ton . ▁August ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 – ▁Pass ing ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁as ▁a ▁re - int ens ifying ▁storm , ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Cam ille ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁Cape ▁May . ▁September ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Ger da ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Cape ▁May . ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 7 1 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁D oria ▁moved ▁through ▁the ▁entire ▁state , ▁dropping ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Little ▁Falls . ▁The ▁heavy ▁rain fall ▁caused ▁record ▁flo oding ▁on ▁streams ▁and ▁rivers . ▁D oria ▁killed ▁three ▁people ▁and ▁left ▁$ 1 3 8 mill ion ▁in ▁damage ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁ 1
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9 7 1 – ▁Hur ricane ▁G inger ▁struck ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁and ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Se ab ro ok ▁Far ms . ▁June ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 2 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Ag nes ▁made ▁land fall ▁on ▁extreme ▁western ▁Long ▁Island , ▁New ▁York , ▁and ▁during ▁the ▁storm ' s ▁passage , ▁C anton ▁reported ▁ 6 . 3 4 in ches ▁( 1 6 . 1 cm ) ▁of ▁rain fall . ▁There ▁was ▁little ▁state wide ▁damage . ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 2 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Car rie ▁produced ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁B elle plain ▁State ▁Forest . ▁September ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁E lo ise ▁caused ▁flo oding ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁after ▁dropping ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁August ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 – ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁B elle ▁from ▁the ▁south , ▁ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 people ▁evac uated ▁from ▁the ▁shore ▁during ▁the ▁peak ▁of ▁the ▁tourist ▁season . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁caused ▁winds ▁of ▁ 6 5 m ph ▁( 1 0 5 km / h ) ▁and ▁g ust s ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 9 0 m ph ▁( 1 4 5 km /
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h ). ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁hur ricane ▁caused ▁a ▁storm ▁surge ▁of ▁ 8 . 8 5 fe et ▁( 2 . 7 0 m ) ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁and ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Sandy ▁Hook . ▁Dam age ▁was ▁less ▁than ▁expected . ▁September ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁a ▁sub t rop ical ▁storm ▁dropped ▁light ▁rain fall ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁August ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 7 8 – ▁A ▁cold ▁front ▁absorbed ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Deb ra ▁and ▁later ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁T uck ert on . ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 – ▁Hur ricane ▁David ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁causing ▁ ▁wind ▁g ust s , ▁light ▁rain fall , ▁and ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁torn ado . ▁The ▁wind ▁g ust s ▁left ▁people ▁without ▁power ▁after ▁the ▁storm . ▁▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁were ▁a ▁relatively ▁active ▁decade , ▁with ▁ 1 1 t rop ical ▁cycl ones ▁affecting ▁the ▁state . ▁The ▁most ▁notable ▁storm ▁of ▁the ▁decade ▁was ▁Hur ricane ▁Gl oria ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁which ▁was ▁originally ▁predicted ▁to ▁strike ▁the ▁state . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁caused ▁minor ▁damage ▁throughout ▁the ▁state . ▁ ▁September ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 3 –
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▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Dean ▁moved ▁ash ore ▁the ▁Del mar va ▁Pen insula . ▁New ark ▁Liberty ▁International ▁Airport ▁recorded ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall . ▁October ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 – ▁High ▁surf ▁from ▁Hur ricane ▁Joseph ine ▁caused ▁minor ▁damage ▁and ▁coastal ▁flo oding . ▁ ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 – ▁A ▁tropical ▁depression ▁crossed ▁the ▁state , ▁bringing ▁light ▁rain fall ▁throughout ▁the ▁state . ▁July ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Bob ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Vern on ▁Township . ▁August ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Danny ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Cape ▁May . ▁September ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Henri ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁causing ▁light ▁rain fall . ▁September ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Gl oria ▁par alle led ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁coast line ▁just ▁off shore ▁as ▁a ▁Category 2 ▁hur ricane , ▁forcing ▁ 9 5 , 0 0 0 people ▁to ▁evac uate . ▁In ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁ 1 1 cas inos ▁were ▁closed , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁loss ▁of ▁$ 7 mill ion ▁( 1 9 8 5 US D ). ▁Dub bed
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▁by ▁some ▁as ▁the ▁storm ▁of ▁the ▁century , ▁the ▁hur ricane ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁first ▁hur ricane ▁to ▁hit ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁coast line ▁since ▁the ▁hur ricane ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 , ▁though ▁a ▁last ▁minute ▁turn ▁spare ed ▁the ▁state . ▁While ▁passing ▁by ▁the ▁state , ▁Gl oria ▁caused ▁a ▁storm ▁surge ▁of ▁ 4 . 6 fe et ▁( 1 . 4 m ) ▁in ▁Vent nor ▁City ▁and ▁a ▁wind ▁g ust ▁of ▁ 8 0 m ph ▁( 1 2 9 km ) ▁in ▁Ocean ▁City . ▁Strong ▁winds ▁down ▁trees ▁and ▁power ▁lines , ▁leaving ▁ 2 3 7 , 0 0 0 ▁without ▁power ▁after ▁the ▁storm . ▁Overall , ▁damage ▁is ▁minor , ▁and ▁some ▁were ▁even ▁disappointed ▁at ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁damage ▁from ▁the ▁pro claimed ▁storm ▁of ▁the ▁century . ▁One ▁person ▁was ▁killed ▁in ▁Long ▁Branch ▁after ▁touching ▁a ▁down ed ▁power ▁line . ▁August ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Char ley ▁came ▁within ▁ 1 0 0 m iles ▁( 1 6 0 km ) ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁but ▁turns ▁out ▁to ▁sea . ▁The ▁hur ricane ▁dropped ▁ 1 . 3 in ches ▁( 3 . 3 cm ) ▁of ▁rain , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁ 1 . 6 foot ▁( 0 . 5 m ) ▁storm ▁surge ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City . ▁August ▁
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3 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 – ▁T rop ical ▁Dep ression ▁Chris ▁moved ▁across ▁the ▁northern ▁portion , ▁producing ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁at ▁High ▁Point ▁State ▁Park . ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 9 – ▁Mo ist ure ▁from ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁All ison ▁dropped ▁ ▁in ▁Aud ub on , ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁September , ▁ 1 9 8 9 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Gab ri elle ▁produced ▁strong ▁waves ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 6 fe et ▁( 5 m ) ▁in ▁height , ▁killing ▁one ▁person . ▁September ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Hugo ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁causing ▁over ▁ 5 in ches ▁( 1 3 cm ) ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁North ▁Jersey . ▁▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁Th irteen ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁affected ▁New ▁Jersey ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Perfect ▁Storm ▁er oded ▁be aches ▁severely ▁along ▁the ▁coast , ▁while ▁Hur ricane ▁Flo yd ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁produced ▁severe ▁flo oding ▁in ▁northern ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁killing ▁six . ▁ ▁October , ▁ 1 9 9 0 – ▁The ▁combined ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Kl aus ▁and ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Marco ▁caused ▁around ▁ 3 in ches ▁( 8 cm ) ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁state
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. ▁August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Bob ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁at ▁the ▁Mill ville ▁Executive ▁Airport . ▁October ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 – ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Halloween ▁Nor ' e aster , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Perfect ▁Storm , ▁caused ▁strong ▁waves ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 3 0 fe et ▁( 9 m ) ▁in ▁height . ▁High ▁t ides ▁along ▁the ▁shore ▁were ▁only ▁sur pass ed ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁hur ricane , ▁while ▁significant ▁bay ▁flo oding ▁occurred . ▁Strong ▁waves ▁and ▁persistent ▁intense ▁winds ▁caused ▁extreme ▁beach ▁er os ion , ▁amount ing ▁to ▁ 1 3 . 5 mill ion ▁cub ic ▁feet ▁( 3 8 3 , 0 0 0 m 3 ) ▁of ▁sand ▁lost ▁in ▁one ▁location . ▁In ▁all , ▁damage ▁amount ed ▁to ▁$ 9 0 mill ion ▁( 1 9 9 1 US D ), ▁though ▁no ▁deaths ▁occurred ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 – ▁The ▁Es sex ▁F ells ▁Service ▁Building ▁recorded ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁from ▁the ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Andrew . ▁September ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Daniel le ▁moved ▁in land ▁over ▁the ▁Del mar va ▁Pen insula , ▁causing ▁beach ▁er os ion
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▁and ▁tid al ▁flo oding ▁during ▁a ▁ ▁high ▁tide ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City . ▁Strong ▁waves ▁off ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey ▁sank ▁a ▁sail boat , ▁causing ▁one ▁death . ▁August ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 – ▁T rop ical ▁Dep ression ▁B ery l ▁crossed ▁over ▁the ▁extreme ▁northern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁ ▁rain fall . ▁November ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Gordon ▁produced ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Ring wood . ▁June ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 – ▁During ▁the ▁passage ▁of ▁the ▁extr at rop ical ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁All ison , ▁Can oe ▁Brook ▁Country ▁Club ▁in ▁Union ▁County ▁recorded ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall . ▁August ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Er in ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁B elle plain ▁State ▁Forest . ▁Mid – Aug ust , ▁ 1 9 9 5 – ▁Strong ▁rip ▁current s ▁from ▁Hur ricane ▁Felix ▁killed ▁five ▁people , ▁while ▁persistent ▁cycl onic ▁winds ▁caused ▁extensive ▁beach ▁er os ion . ▁October ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 – ▁As ▁an ▁extr at rop ical ▁storm , ▁Hur ricane ▁Op al ▁produced ▁up ▁to ▁ 5 in ches ▁( 1 3 cm ) ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁state . ▁July ▁
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1 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Ber tha ▁crossed ▁the ▁entire ▁state , ▁causing ▁heavy ▁rain fall ▁pe aking ▁at ▁ 6 . 5 9 in ches ▁( 1 6 . 7 4 cm ) ▁in ▁Est ell ▁Man or . ▁Ber tha ▁also ▁caused ▁a ▁storm ▁surge ▁of ▁ 2 . 2 7 fe et ▁( 6 9 cm ) ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁while ▁rough ▁waves ▁killed ▁one ▁sur fer . ▁Late ▁August , ▁ 1 9 9 6 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Ed ou ard ▁produced ▁strong ▁sw ells ▁to ▁the ▁coast line , ▁causing ▁two ▁deaths ▁from ▁d rowning . ▁ ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 - ▁Hur ricane ▁Fran ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁through ▁central ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁western ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁sp arks ▁an ▁intense ▁line ▁of ▁severe ▁thunder storm s ▁that ▁cross es ▁New ▁Jersey ▁and ▁is ▁most ▁notable ▁for ▁causing ▁an ▁hour - long ▁lightning ▁delay ▁of ▁an ▁NFL ▁game ▁between ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁J ets ▁and ▁Indian apolis ▁Col ts ▁at ▁Gi ants ▁Stadium ▁in ▁East ▁R uther ford . ▁This ▁marked ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁a ▁regular ▁season ▁NFL ▁contest ▁had ▁been ▁suspended ▁due ▁to ▁weather ▁conditions . ▁July ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 – ▁Pass ing ▁sout heast ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Danny ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁New ▁Brun sw ick
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. ▁August ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 – ▁Track ing ▁off shore ▁after ▁striking ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁Hur ricane ▁Bon nie ▁produced ▁rough ▁waves ▁and ▁rip ▁current s , ▁resulting ▁in ▁hundreds ▁of ▁water ▁resc ues ▁and ▁eight ▁injuries . ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 – ▁T rop ical ▁Dep ression ▁Dennis ▁moved ▁north ward ▁through ▁central ▁Pennsylvania , ▁and ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁at ▁Green wood ▁Lake ▁along ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey / New ▁York ▁border . ▁September ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Flo yd ▁crossed ▁the ▁entire ▁state , ▁un le ashing ▁tor rent ial ▁rain fall ▁reaching ▁ ▁in ▁Little ▁Falls . ▁Cape ▁May ▁reported ▁a ▁storm ▁surge ▁of ▁ 2 . 6 fe et ▁( . 7 9 m ). ▁Five ▁rivers , ▁including ▁the ▁R ar itan ▁River , ▁with hold ▁too ▁much ▁water ▁and ▁exceed ▁flood ▁stages . ▁Strong ▁wind ▁g ust s ▁leave ▁over ▁ 6 5 0 , 0 0 0 cit iz ens ▁without ▁power ▁during ▁the ▁storm ' s ▁passage . ▁Ac ross ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁Flo yd ▁caused ▁about ▁$ 2 5 0 mill ion ▁in ▁damage ▁( 1 9 9 9 US D ) ▁and ▁six ▁casual ties . ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁ ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 – ▁The ▁extr at rop ical ▁rem n ants
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▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Gordon ▁passed ▁over ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁Som erv ille . ▁June ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 – ▁Sub t rop ical ▁Dep ression ▁All ison ▁passed ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁causing ▁g ust y ▁winds ▁and ▁up ▁to ▁ 4 . 8 6 in ches ▁( 1 2 . 3 4 cm ) ▁of ▁rain . ▁July ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 – ▁A ▁narrow ▁F 0 ▁torn ado ▁briefly ▁touched ▁down ▁in ▁a ▁mar sh ▁near ▁G os hen , ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Bill . ▁September ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Henri ▁dropped ▁up ▁to ▁ 3 in ches ▁( 8 cm ) ▁of ▁rain ▁across ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 – ▁Although ▁Hur ricane ▁Isabel ▁passed ▁well ▁to ▁the ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁the ▁hur ricane ' s ▁large ▁wind field ▁caused ▁a ▁storm ▁sur ges ▁of ▁ 1 0 . 6 fe et ▁( 3 . 2 m ) ▁in ▁Bur lington . ▁Out er ▁bands ▁of ▁the ▁storm ▁resulted ▁in ▁light ▁rain fall ▁amount ing ▁to ▁ 1 . 3 in ches ▁( 3 . 3 cm ) ▁in ▁Wild wood , ▁and ▁wind ▁g ust s
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▁reached ▁ 6 1 m ph ▁( 6 8 km ) ▁in ▁nearby ▁Cape ▁May . ▁Pers istent ▁strong ▁waves ▁severely ▁er ode ▁be aches ▁along ▁the ▁coast . ▁Isabel ▁caused ▁ 1 ▁direct ▁death ▁and ▁ 1 ▁indirect ▁death , ▁with ▁damage ▁amount ing ▁to ▁$ 5 0 mill ion ▁( 2 0 0 3 US D ). ▁August ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Alex ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁West ▁De pt ford . ▁August ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 – ▁D iss ip ating ▁T rop ical ▁Dep ression ▁Bon nie ▁produced ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Fol som . ▁August ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 – ▁Short ly ▁after ▁the ▁previous ▁storm , ▁former ▁Hur ricane ▁Char ley ▁passed ▁off shore ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁near ▁He w itt . ▁August ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 – ▁While ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Gast on ▁passed ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁New ▁Lis bon ▁recorded ▁. ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 – ▁As ▁an ▁extr at rop ical ▁cy clone , ▁former ▁Hur ricane ▁Frances ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁T rent on . ▁September ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 – ▁Former ▁Hur ricane ▁Ivan ▁dropped ▁ 5 . 5 in ches ▁( 1 4 .
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0 cm ) ▁of ▁rain ▁in ▁Map le wood . ▁September ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 – ▁As ▁an ▁extr at rop ical ▁storm , ▁former ▁Hur ricane ▁Jean ne ▁dropped ▁ 5 in ches ▁( 1 3 cm ) ▁of ▁rain fall ▁across ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁July ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁C ind y ▁knocked ▁down ▁a ▁few ▁trees ▁and ▁flo oded ▁roads , ▁with ▁a ▁state wide ▁rain fall ▁max ima ▁of ▁ ▁near ▁Pot ters ville . ▁August ▁ 1 1 – 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Ire ne ▁caused ▁rip ▁current s ▁and ▁strong ▁waves . ▁August ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 — ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁K atr ina ▁produced ▁heavy ▁rain fall ▁and ▁high ▁winds , ▁causing ▁power ▁out ages ▁and ▁down ed ▁trees . ▁September ▁ 7 – 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 – ▁R ip ▁current s ▁from ▁Hur ricane ▁Maria ▁and ▁Hur ricane ▁N ate ▁killed ▁one ▁person ▁and ▁seriously ▁injured ▁another . ▁June ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Alberto ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁sout heast ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Som erv ille . ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 – ▁The ▁interaction ▁between
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▁the ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Ern esto ▁and ▁a ▁strong ▁high ▁pressure ▁system ▁produced ▁intense ▁wind ▁g ust s ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 8 1 m ph ▁in ▁Str ath m ere . ▁The ▁storm ▁also ▁dropped ▁heavy ▁rain fall ▁reaching ▁ ▁in ▁Mar l bor o ▁Township . ▁The ▁winds ▁and ▁rain ▁down ed ▁trees ▁and ▁power ▁lines , ▁resulting ▁in ▁power ▁out ages . ▁June ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Barry ▁dropped ▁ ▁of ▁rain fall ▁in ▁Ab se con . ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 8 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Ber tha ▁produced ▁rip ▁current s ▁that ▁killed ▁three ▁sur fers . ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁H anna ▁passed ▁through ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁producing ▁heavy ▁rain fall ▁and ▁causing ▁minor ▁flo oding . ▁August ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 – ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Bill ▁las hed ▁the ▁coast ▁with ▁ ▁waves , ▁causing ▁beach ▁er os ion ▁and ▁several ▁injuries . ▁August ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Danny ▁produced ▁high ▁waves , ▁beach ▁er os ion , ▁and ▁rip ▁current s ▁that ▁injured ▁a ▁sur fer . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 s ▁ ▁Hur ricane ▁Sandy ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁destruct ive ▁hur ricane ▁ever ▁recorded ▁in
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▁New ▁Jersey . ▁The ▁fourth - cost liest ▁hur ricane ▁in ▁U . S . ▁history ▁caused ▁widespread , ▁devast ating ▁damage ▁and ▁left ▁millions ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey ▁residents ▁without ▁electricity , ▁some ▁lasting ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁three ▁weeks . ▁ ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 – ▁R ip ▁current s ▁from ▁off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁Earl ▁killed ▁two ▁sw imm ers . ▁September ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 - ▁Off shore ▁Hur ricane ▁I gor ▁produced ▁high ▁waves ▁and ▁rip ▁current s ▁along ▁the ▁coast . ▁September ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Nicole ▁causing ▁flo oding ▁r ains ▁from ▁ ▁of ▁precip itation ▁in ▁Pars ipp any . ▁August ▁ 2 7 – 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Ire ne ▁made ▁land fall ▁in ▁Brig antine ▁as ▁a ▁strong ▁tropical ▁storm . ▁The ▁storm ▁caused ▁beach ▁er os ion , ▁flo oding , ▁and ▁sustained ▁winds ▁of ▁ 5 9 m ph ▁( 9 4 km / h ) ▁in ▁Cape ▁May , ▁where ▁hur ricane - force ▁g ust s ▁were ▁also ▁recorded . ▁N umer ous ▁reports ▁of ▁major ▁flo oding , ▁down ed ▁trees , ▁and ▁power ▁out ages ▁were ▁reported . ▁ ▁The ▁storm ▁caused ▁just ▁the ▁third ▁ever ▁shut down ▁of ▁Atlantic ▁City ▁cas inos ▁and ▁also ▁prompt ed ▁residents ▁of
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▁coastal ▁communities ▁to ▁evac uate ▁in ▁advance ▁of ▁the ▁storm . ▁The ▁storm ▁kills ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ten ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 7 – 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Lee ▁causes ▁heavy ▁rain ▁across ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁state . ▁In ▁Phillips burg , ▁ 9 . 5 5 ▁In ches ▁of ▁rain ▁fell . ▁Mod er ate ▁to ▁severe ▁flo oding ▁occurred ▁in ▁Western ▁portions ▁of ▁the ▁state . ▁ ▁October ▁ 2 9 – 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Sandy ▁reaches ▁within ▁ 5 0 ▁miles ▁of ▁the ▁coast line ▁before ▁moving ▁ash ore ▁in ▁Brig antine ▁as ▁an ▁extr at rop ical ▁cy clone . ▁The ▁storm ▁brings ▁hur ricane - force ▁winds , ▁record ▁low ▁pressure , ▁and ▁a ▁moment ous ▁storm ▁surge ▁along ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁coast . ▁The ▁storm ▁becomes ▁the ▁worst ▁hur ricane ▁to ▁affect ▁the ▁state ▁on ▁record , ▁killing ▁ 3 7 ▁and ▁causing ▁nearly ▁$ 3 0 ▁billion ▁in ▁damages . ▁W ides pread ▁devast ation ▁is ▁noted , ▁particularly ▁on ▁Long ▁Beach ▁Island ▁and ▁the ▁Bar neg at ▁Pen insula , ▁where ▁the ▁Se as ide ▁He ights ▁board walk ▁coll aps es ▁into ▁the ▁ocean . ▁Further ▁north , ▁storm ▁surge ▁flo oding ▁causes ▁massive ▁destruction ▁along ▁the ▁R ar itan ▁Bay ▁and ▁tr aps ▁thousands ▁in ▁Hob oken . ▁All ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Trans it ' s ▁comm
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uter ▁rail ▁operations ▁are ▁affected , ▁with ▁some ▁lines ▁out ▁of ▁service ▁for ▁over ▁a ▁month , ▁and ▁in und ation ▁of ▁rolling ▁stock ▁stored ▁in ▁N J ▁Trans it ' s ▁M ead ow lands ▁yard . ▁Sandy ▁also ▁causes ▁the ▁worst ▁power ▁out age ▁in ▁state ▁history , ▁black ing ▁out ▁over ▁ 2 ▁million ▁households . ▁June ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 – ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Andrea ▁passes ▁through ▁New ▁Jersey ▁as ▁a ▁post - t rop ical ▁storm , ▁causing ▁heavy ▁rain fall ▁throughout ▁the ▁state ▁and ▁forcing ▁an ▁emergency ▁plane ▁landing ▁at ▁New ark ▁Airport . ▁Rain fall ▁peaks ▁at ▁ 5 ▁inches ▁in ▁Ocean port . ▁October ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 – ▁Mo ist ure ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Karen ▁drops ▁locally ▁heavy ▁r ains ▁across ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁causing ▁minor ▁street ▁flo oding . ▁July ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Arthur ▁passes ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁The ▁storm ▁produces ▁moderate ▁rain fall ▁along ▁the ▁coast , ▁though ▁winds ▁remain ▁generally ▁below ▁tropical ▁storm ▁force . ▁Strong ▁waves ▁buff et ▁the ▁coast line , ▁and ▁some ▁holiday ▁celebr ations ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁were ▁cancelled ▁or ▁post pon ed . ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Crist obal ▁passes ▁well ▁off shore ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁but ▁generates ▁strong ▁waves ▁and ▁rip ▁current s
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▁that ▁kill ▁ 2 ▁in ▁Sandy ▁Hook . ▁June ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Bill ▁pass ▁through ▁the ▁state , ▁dropping ▁heavy ▁rain ▁but ▁causing ▁no ▁damage . ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Jo aqu in ▁briefly ▁threat ens ▁to ▁approach ▁or ▁strike ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁forcing ▁the ▁state ▁to ▁begin ▁storm ▁prepar ations . ▁Official s ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City ▁discuss ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁evac uations , ▁though ▁an ▁order ▁never ▁material izes . ▁Jo aqu in ▁instead ▁turns ▁away ▁long ▁before ▁affecting ▁the ▁shore line . ▁October ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Pat ric ia ▁pass ▁through ▁the ▁Nort heast . ▁In ches ▁of ▁heavy ▁rain ▁and ▁g ust y ▁winds ▁cause ▁down ed ▁tree ▁lim bs , ▁power ▁out ages , ▁and ▁flo oding ▁throughout ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Herm ine ▁me and ers ▁off ▁the ▁coast ▁as ▁a ▁powerful ▁post - t rop ical ▁cy clone . ▁The ▁state ▁thoroughly ▁pre pa res ▁for ▁the ▁storm ' s ▁arrival ▁during ▁the ▁busy ▁holiday ▁weekend . ▁Herm ine ▁moves ▁further ▁east ▁than ▁forecast ed ▁and ▁impacts ▁are ▁much ▁less ▁than ▁expected . ▁Strong ▁waves ▁and ▁minor ▁coastal ▁flo oding ▁occur ▁along ▁the ▁coast line . ▁October ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1
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6 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Matthew ▁inter acts ▁with ▁a ▁front al ▁system , ▁bringing ▁light ▁rain ▁to ▁the ▁state . ▁June ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁C ind y ▁bought ▁strong ▁winds ▁to ▁portions ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁N umer ous ▁power lines ▁and ▁trees ▁were ▁down ed ▁in ▁parts ▁of ▁southern ▁and ▁central ▁parts ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁Two ▁E F - 0 ▁torn ado es ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁system ▁touched ▁down ▁in ▁How ell ▁Township , ▁the ▁first ▁one ▁touching ▁down ▁in ▁the ▁Fort ▁Pl ains ▁area ▁dam aging ▁a ▁Home ▁Dep ot , ▁Chase ▁Bank , ▁a ▁strip ▁m all , ▁an ▁ice ▁cream ▁par lor ▁and ▁down ing ▁trees ▁and ▁power lines . ▁The ▁second ▁one ▁hit ▁a ▁park ▁in ▁the ▁Oak ▁Glen ▁area . ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Harvey ▁hit ▁New ▁Jersey ▁on ▁Labor ▁Day ▁weekend , ▁causing ▁minimal ▁damage . ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 – ▁Large ▁waves ▁from ▁Hur ricane ▁Jose ▁cause ▁beach ▁er os ion ▁along ▁the ▁Jersey ▁Sh ore . ▁Mod er ate ▁rain fall ▁and ▁winds ▁of ▁ 2 5 - 4 0 m ph ▁also ▁occur ▁across ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 – ▁Hur ricane ▁Maria ▁brings ▁show ers ▁and ▁some ▁g ust y ▁winds ▁to
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▁the ▁shore . ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 – ▁A ▁post - t rop ical ▁system ▁that ▁was ▁once ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Philippe ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁passes ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁shore ▁and ▁brings ▁ 1 - 4 ▁inches ▁of ▁rain . ▁The ▁winds ▁occasionally ▁g usted ▁over ▁ 4 0 m ph ▁and ▁sustained ▁winds ▁were ▁ 1 5 - 3 0 m ph . ▁September ▁ 8 – 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 – ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁T rop ical ▁Storm ▁Gordon ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁affect ▁the ▁state ▁for ▁ 3 ▁days , ▁dropping ▁amounts ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 3 - 6 ▁inches ▁in ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁along ▁with ▁wind ▁g ust s ▁reaching ▁up ▁to ▁ 4 0 m ph . ▁September ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 - ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Florence ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁brought ▁light ▁to ▁moderate ▁rain fall ▁to ▁the ▁state , ▁with ▁South ▁Jersey ▁receiving ▁up ▁to ▁ 3 ▁inches ▁of ▁rain . ▁October ▁ 1 1 - 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 - ▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Michael ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁brought ▁rain ▁and ▁g ust y ▁winds , ▁especially ▁along ▁the ▁shore . ▁Rain fall ▁reached ▁ 3 ▁inches ▁in ▁spots . ▁July ▁ 1 7 - 1 8
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, ▁ 2 0 1 9 - ▁The ▁remains ▁of ▁Hur ricane ▁Barry ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁brought ▁g ust y ▁winds ▁and ▁thunder storm s ▁to ▁the ▁state . ▁Se vere ▁thunder storm s ▁with ▁frequent ▁lightning , ▁strong ▁winds , ▁and ▁small ▁h ail ▁were ▁seen ▁all ▁across ▁the ▁state . ▁September ▁ 6 th , ▁ 2 0 1 9 - ▁Hur ricane ▁Dor ian ▁brought ▁g ust y ▁winds ▁and ▁show ers ▁to ▁the ▁state , ▁especially ▁the ▁Sh ore . ▁Wind s ▁as ▁high ▁as ▁ 4 5 ▁m ph ▁were ▁reported , ▁along ▁with ▁light ▁rain fall ▁and ▁fog gy , ▁cloud y ▁conditions . ▁▁ 2 0 2 0 s ▁ ▁List ed ▁by ▁month ▁T rop ical ▁cycl ones ▁affect ▁New ▁Jersey ▁the ▁most ▁during ▁the ▁month ▁of ▁September , ▁though ▁the ▁state ▁has ▁experienced ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁throughout ▁the ▁hur ricane ▁season , ▁excl uding ▁November . ▁Storm s ▁affect ▁the ▁state ▁most ▁in ▁September ▁due ▁to ▁peak ▁warmth ▁in ▁water ▁temperatures . ▁No ▁recorded ▁storm ▁has ▁affected ▁the ▁state ▁between ▁November ▁and ▁May . ▁ ▁Dead liest ▁storm s ▁Most ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁that ▁impact ▁New ▁Jersey ▁only ▁cause ▁rain fall ▁or ▁strong ▁waves , ▁though ▁a ▁few ▁have ▁caused ▁deaths ▁in ▁the ▁state , ▁including ▁the ▁following : ▁ ▁Strong est ▁storm s ▁The ▁following ▁storm s ▁have ▁caused ▁hur ricane - force ▁winds ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁New ▁England ▁hur ric
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anes ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Atlantic ▁hur ricane ▁seasons ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Atlantic ▁hur ric anes ▁ ▁T rop ical ▁cy clone ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁hur ric anes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : At l antic ▁hur ric anes ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁tropical ▁cycl ones ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Hur ric anes <0x0A> </s> ▁Michael ▁Wil mer ▁For bes ▁T we ed ie ▁( 2 ▁September ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁natural ist ▁and ▁archae ologist ▁working ▁in ▁South ▁East ▁Asia , ▁who ▁was ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁R aff les ▁Museum ▁in ▁Singapore . ▁ ▁T we ed ie ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Maurice ▁Carm ichael ▁T we ed ie , ▁who ▁was ▁Deputy ▁In spector - General ▁in ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Indian ▁Police ▁Service , ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁M ild red ▁Clar ke . ▁ ▁He ▁read ▁Natural ▁Science ▁at ▁Cambridge ▁University , ▁special izing ▁in ▁z ool ogy ▁and ▁ge ology , ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁short ▁spell ▁working ▁as ▁an ▁oil ▁ge ologist ▁in ▁Venezuela . ▁He ▁became ▁assistant ▁cur ator ▁of ▁the ▁R aff les ▁Museum ▁( now ▁the ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Singapore ' s ▁Lee ▁Kong ▁Ch ian ▁Natural ▁History ▁Museum ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁until ▁the ▁Japanese ▁occupation ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁After ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁he ▁became ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁museum ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁remaining ▁in ▁that ▁post ▁until ▁ 1
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9 7 1 . ▁T we ed ie ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁many ▁biological ▁and ▁archae ological ▁exped itions ▁in ▁South ▁East ▁Asia ▁and ▁collected ▁many ▁spec im ens ▁himself . ▁Many ▁of ▁T we ed ie ' s ▁collections ▁were ▁of ▁species ▁that ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁new ▁to ▁science ▁( such ▁as ▁a ▁le ech , ▁Ph y to bd ella ▁cat en if era ). ▁He ▁also ▁wrote ▁many ▁scientific ▁articles ▁particularly ▁regarding ▁cr ust ace ans , ▁fish , ▁and ▁re pt iles . ▁He ▁also ▁wrote ▁many ▁books ▁to ▁encourage ▁the ▁lay man ▁in ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁natural ▁history ▁and ▁archae ology . ▁He ▁was ▁made ▁an ▁honor ary ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Mal ay an ▁Nature ▁Society . ▁ ▁T we ed ie ▁married ▁El v ira ▁T oby , ▁of ▁Hob art , ▁Australia , ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁and ▁they ▁had ▁a ▁son ▁and ▁two ▁daughters . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁T we ed ie ▁is ▁comm emor ated ▁in ▁the ▁scientific ▁name ▁of ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁snake , ▁Mac ro cal am us ▁twe ed ie i . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁Editor ▁of ▁the ▁Malays ian ▁Nature ▁Hand books ▁series ▁published ▁by ▁Long man ▁Malaysia . ▁T we ed ie ▁M WF ▁( 1 9 5 3 ). ▁" The ▁Stone ▁Age ▁in ▁Mal aya ". ▁Journal ▁of ▁the ▁Mal ay an ▁Branch ▁Royal ▁As i atic ▁Society ▁ 2 6 ▁( 2 ): ▁ 1 - 9 0 . ▁ ▁T we
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ed ie ▁M WF , ▁Harrison ▁J L ▁( 1 9 5 4 ). ▁Mal ay an ▁Animal ▁Life . ▁Long man . ▁T we ed ie ▁M WF ▁( 1 9 8 3 ). ▁The ▁Sn akes ▁of ▁Mal aya . ▁Singapore : ▁Singapore ▁National ▁Prin ters ▁Ltd . ▁ 1 0 5 ▁pp . ▁AS IN ▁B 0 0 0 7 B 4 1 IO . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : English ▁bi ologists ▁Category : English ▁natural ists ▁Category : N at ural ▁history ▁of ▁Indonesia ▁Category : English ▁archae ologists ▁Category : B rit ish ▁car cin ologists ▁Category : B rit ish ▁cur ators ▁Category : B rit ish ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁Singapore ▁Category : M useum ▁directors ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cambridge ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁z ool og ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Bre ban ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Br é ban , ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁Mar ne ▁department ▁in ▁north - e astern ▁France ▁ ▁Family ▁name ▁▁ ▁Vas ile ▁Bre ban ▁( 1 9 0 7 , ▁Here clean , ▁Rom ania ▁- ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Cl uj ), ▁Roman ian ▁lingu ist , ▁le xic ographer ▁ ▁Nic ola e ▁Bre ban ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁Ba ia ▁M are , ▁Rom ania ), ▁a ▁Roman ian ▁novel ist ▁and ▁essay
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ist ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Bre b ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Bre bi ▁ ▁Bre bu ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Bre b ina ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Bre ben i ▁ ▁Bre b ene i ▁ ▁Bre bo a ia ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : R oman ian - language ▁surn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁station ▁in ▁ Ō da , ▁Sh im ane ▁P ref ect ure , ▁Japan . ▁ ▁L ines ▁West ▁Japan ▁Railway ▁Company ▁( J R ▁West ) ▁San in ▁Main ▁Line ▁ ▁Ad j acent ▁stations ▁West ▁Japan ▁Railway ▁Company ▁( J R ▁West ) ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁Sh im ane ▁P ref ect ure ▁Category : San in ▁Main ▁Line <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁Martin ▁C umm ins ▁( born ▁March ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁politician . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Conservative ▁Party ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁until ▁resign ing ▁after ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁election . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁the ▁riding ▁of ▁Delta — Rich mond ▁East ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁when ▁he ▁turned ▁to ▁provincial ▁politics ▁becoming ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁una ff ili ated ▁provincial ▁party . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Ge or get own
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, ▁Ontario , ▁he ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁election , ▁as ▁a ▁Re form ▁Party ▁member . ▁He ▁was ▁re - e lected ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁( as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Alliance ), ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( as ▁a ▁Conservative ). ▁ ▁Education ▁C umm ins ▁obtained ▁a ▁b achelor ' s ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Western ▁Ontario ▁where ▁he ▁attended ▁King ' s ▁University ▁College ▁and ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁ ▁Before ▁politics ▁Before ▁entering ▁politics , ▁C umm ins ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁pul p ▁and ▁paper ▁industry ▁in ▁Ontario , ▁the ▁oil ▁fields ▁of ▁Alber ta ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁Bennett ▁hydro elect ric ▁dam ▁in ▁Northern ▁BC . ▁He ▁taught ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁North west ▁Terr itories ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁Peace ▁River ▁district ▁of ▁Northern ▁Alber ta , ▁then ▁spent ▁fifteen ▁years ▁teaching ▁in ▁Delta , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁C umm ins ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁commercial ▁fisher man ; ▁he ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁commercial ▁fishing ▁boats ▁in ▁BC ▁for ▁over ▁ 2 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁Politics ▁As ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament , ▁C umm ins ▁served ▁twice ▁as ▁party ▁critic ▁for ▁Fisher ies ▁and ▁O ce ans , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁his ▁work ▁on ▁various ▁other ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁and ▁J
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oint ▁Commit te es . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Bill ▁T iele man ▁wrote ▁about ▁John ▁C umm ins ▁convention ▁speech ▁where ▁T iele man ▁writes ▁that ▁" the ▁BC ▁Conserv atives ▁are ▁going ▁to ▁target ▁not ▁only ▁dis gr unt led ▁BC ▁Liberal ▁voters ▁but ▁also ▁the ▁N DP ' s ▁traditional ▁support ▁bases ". ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁C umm ins ▁announced ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁seeking ▁re - election ▁in ▁the ▁federal ▁election ▁held ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁C umm ins ▁announced ▁he ▁would ▁seek ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Conservative ▁Party , ▁and ▁was ▁ac claimed ▁leader ▁at ▁the ▁party ' s ▁convention ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁C umm ins ▁recommended ▁that ▁a ▁review ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Canadian ▁Mount ed ▁Police ▁in ▁BC , ▁including ▁whether ▁a ▁provincial ▁police ▁force ▁should ▁be ▁considered . ▁This ▁was ▁announced ▁following ▁a ▁review ▁from ▁Brian ▁Pe ck ford . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers ies ▁During ▁an ▁interview ▁on ▁C FA X ▁ 1 0 7 0 ▁Radio ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁prior ▁to ▁becoming ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁BC ▁Conserv atives , ▁C umm ins
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▁was ▁questioned ▁by ▁the ▁host ▁of ▁the ▁radio ▁show ▁about ▁his ▁stance ▁on ▁gay ▁rights ▁following ▁a ▁suggestion ▁that ▁homosexual ity ▁was ▁a ▁choice . ▁His ▁response ▁was : ▁" That ' s ▁my ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁issue ," . ▁He ▁followed ▁up ▁by ▁stating ▁" There ▁are ▁folks ▁that ▁will ▁tell ▁you ▁they ' re ▁born ▁that ▁way , ▁and ▁that ' s ▁fine . ▁I ▁don ' t ▁discrim inate ". ▁He ▁issued ▁an ▁ap ology ▁a ▁couple ▁days ▁later , ▁saying ▁" My ▁comments ▁on ▁C FA X ▁radio ▁this ▁past ▁Wednesday ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁mis interpret ed ▁and ▁may ▁have ▁off ended ▁some . ▁I ▁apolog ize ▁for ▁that ". ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁site ▁How ' d ▁They ▁V ote ?: ▁John ▁C umm ins ' ▁voting ▁history ▁and ▁quotes ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Columbia ▁Conservative ▁Party ▁leaders ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Alliance ▁MP s ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁school te achers ▁Category : Con serv ative ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada ▁MP s ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁of ▁Canada ▁from ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Richmond , ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : Re form ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada ▁MP s ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Western ▁Ontario ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ▁al umn i ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Canadian ▁politicians ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Columbia
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▁Conservative ▁Party ▁candidates ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia ▁provincial ▁elections <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁special ▁election ▁in ▁Michigan ' s ▁ 1 1 th ▁congress ional ▁district ▁was ▁a ▁special ▁election ▁that ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Michigan ▁on ▁November ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁to ▁replace ▁Republican ▁United ▁States ▁Congress man ▁Th ad de us ▁McC ot ter , ▁who ▁resigned ▁after ▁a ▁failed ▁presidential ▁campaign ▁and ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁sc and als . ▁Former ▁aut ow ork er ▁David ▁Cur son , ▁the ▁Democratic ▁nom ine e , ▁narrow ly ▁defeated ▁Republican ▁nom ine e ▁K erry ▁Bent iv ol io , ▁a ▁re inde er ▁farmer , ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁seat ▁for ▁the ▁last ▁few ▁months ▁of ▁McC ot ter ' s ▁term . ▁ ▁Schedule ▁As ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁convenience ▁and ▁cost ▁saving , ▁this ▁special ▁election ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ▁regularly ▁scheduled ▁general ▁election ▁on ▁November ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁V ot ers ▁were ▁asked ▁on ▁the ▁November ▁ball ot ▁to ▁select ▁two ▁candidates : ▁one ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁McC ot ter ' s ▁term ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 2 th ▁Congress , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁full ▁ 2 - year ▁term ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 3 th ▁Congress ▁beginning ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁David ▁Cur son , ▁labor ▁activ ist ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁C
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anton ▁Township ▁Trust ee ▁Sy ed ▁T aj ▁was ▁the ▁Democratic ▁nom ine e ▁in ▁the ▁regularly - s cheduled ▁general ▁election , ▁T aj ▁did ▁not ▁opt ▁to ▁run ▁in ▁the ▁special ▁election ▁and ▁Cur son ▁did ▁not ▁opt ▁to ▁run ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Republican ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁ ▁K erry ▁Bent iv ol io , ▁re inde er ▁farmer ▁ ▁Nancy ▁Cass is , ▁former ▁State ▁Senator ▁ ▁Kenn eth ▁Cr ider , ▁steel ▁worker ▁ ▁Carol yn ▁K avan agh ▁ ▁Steve ▁King , ▁former ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Liv onia ▁School ▁Board ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁General ▁election ▁The ▁election ▁to ▁fill ▁the ▁remaining ▁ 6 ▁weeks ▁of ▁McC ot ter ' s ▁term ▁was ▁largely ▁ignored ▁as ▁the ▁attention ▁was ▁focused ▁on ▁the ▁presidential ▁election ▁and ▁the ▁race ▁for ▁the ▁full ▁two - year ▁term ▁between ▁Bent iv ol io ▁and ▁T aj . ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁K erry ▁Bent iv ol io , ▁Republican ▁nom ine e ▁David ▁Cur son , ▁Democratic ▁nom ine e ▁John ▁J . ▁T art ar , ▁Liber t arian ▁Party ▁nom ine e ▁Marc ▁J . ▁S os now ski , ▁Constitution ▁Party ▁nom ine e ▁ ▁E lection ▁results ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁special ▁elections ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁Michigan ' s ▁ 1 1 th ▁congress ional ▁district ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁ 1 1 ▁special ▁Michigan ▁ 1 1 ▁special ▁
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2 0 1 2 ▁ 1 1 ▁special ▁Michigan ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ 1 1 ▁Michigan ▁ 1 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Kh ush want ▁Wal ia ▁is ▁an ▁Indian ▁television ▁actor . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Wal ia ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁director ▁on ▁S idd ique ' s ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁action ▁romantic ▁film ▁Body guard ▁star ring ▁Sal man ▁Khan ▁and ▁K are ena ▁Kap oor . ▁Khan ▁suggested ▁him ▁to ▁try ▁television ▁and ▁he ▁followed ▁his ▁instructions . ▁He ▁eventually ▁debut ed ▁into ▁television , ▁and ▁port rayed ▁Rub al ▁De ew an ▁in ▁P ya ar ▁Ka ▁D ard ▁H ai ▁Me eth a ▁Me eth a ▁P ya ara ▁P ya ara ▁opposite ▁the ▁actress es ▁Ale f ia ▁Kap ad ia ▁and ▁Mon ica ▁Kh anna ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁His ▁second ▁television ▁series ▁Gust akh ▁D il ▁on ▁Life ▁OK , ▁featured ▁him ▁as ▁Ar j un ▁followed ▁by ▁roles ▁as ▁Kab ir ▁Kap oor ▁in ▁M ere ▁Rang ▁Me in ▁Rang ne ▁Wa ali ▁and ▁R aja ▁A was th i ▁in ▁I sh q ▁Ka ▁Rang ▁Saf ed . ▁Wal ia ▁next ▁appeared ▁as ▁A ar av ▁B hard w aj ▁in ▁S as ural ▁Sim ar ▁Ka ▁on ▁Col ors ▁and ▁port rayed ▁Ar j un ▁V y as ▁in ▁Z ee ▁TV ' s ▁P iy aa ▁Alb ela . ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 4 6 th ▁episode ▁of ▁La al
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▁I sh q ▁star red ▁him ▁as ▁At ul ▁Singh ▁Ag ni hot ri ▁alongside ▁Sh rest h ▁Kum ar ▁and ▁V ind h ya ▁T iw ari ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Some ▁days ▁later , ▁Wal ia ▁bag ged ▁came o ▁role ▁of ▁Raj ▁in ▁Na ag in ▁ 3 , ▁which ▁was ▁shown ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Next , ▁he ▁played ▁Y og i ▁in ▁the ▁ 7 1 st ▁episode ▁of ▁La al ▁I sh q ▁and ▁Ash raf ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁episode ▁of ▁Sha adi ▁Ke ▁Si y ape ▁on ▁& TV ▁before ▁he ▁was ▁ro ped ▁in ▁to ▁star ▁in ▁the ▁longest - running ▁drama ▁of ▁Star ▁Plus , ▁Y eh ▁Ris ht a ▁K ya ▁Ke hl ata ▁H ai ▁port ray ing ▁M ih ir ▁Kap oor . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : Ind ian ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁la ▁car te ▁pay ▁television ▁( from ▁the ▁French ▁à ▁la ▁car te , ▁" from ▁the ▁menu "), ▁also ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁pick - and - pay , ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁pricing ▁model ▁for ▁pay ▁television ▁services ▁in ▁which ▁customers ▁sub scribe ▁to ▁individual ▁television ▁channels . ▁For ▁subscription ▁distribution ▁services , ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁pricing ▁contrast s ▁with ▁the ▁prev ailing ▁model ▁of ▁bund ling ,
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▁in ▁which ▁channels ▁are ▁group ed ▁into ▁packages ▁that ▁are ▁offered ▁on ▁an ▁all - or - n othing ▁basis . ▁▁ ▁The ▁term ▁has ▁subsequently ▁been ▁applied ▁to ▁cord ▁cutting — the ▁practice ▁of ▁re lying ▁on ▁television ▁services ▁that ▁are ▁stream ed ▁over ▁the ▁internet , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁bund ling ▁of ▁various ▁video ▁on ▁demand ▁subscription ▁services , ▁each ▁chosen ▁individually ▁by ▁the ▁consumer , ▁and ▁made ▁accessible ▁through ▁one ▁central ized ▁bill ing ▁and ▁over ▁the ▁top ▁viewing ▁mechanism . ▁ ▁Av ailability ▁ ▁A ▁la ▁car te ▁pricing ▁has ▁been ▁an ▁often - request ed ▁but ▁sel dom - del iver ed ▁option ▁for ▁cable ▁and ▁satellite ▁distribution ▁services . ▁In ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁pro ponents ▁have ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁model ▁would ▁deliver ▁lower ▁prices , ▁while ▁opponents ▁maintain ▁that ▁bund ling ▁offers ▁more ▁customer ▁value ▁and ▁program ▁diversity . ▁ ▁Canada ▁ ▁In ▁Canada , ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁service ▁has ▁been ▁required ▁by ▁law ▁since ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁legislation ▁dates ▁back ▁to ▁at ▁least ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁when ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Radio - te lev ision ▁and ▁Tele commun ications ▁Commission ▁( CR TC ) ▁ruled ▁that ▁consumers ▁should ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁sub scribe ▁to ▁individual ▁channels , ▁but ▁the ▁fewer ▁channels ▁purchased , ▁the ▁higher ▁the ▁cost ▁for ▁each ▁one . ▁No ▁tim eline ▁was ▁set . ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Industry ▁Minister ▁James ▁Moore ▁said ▁that ▁Canad ians ▁" should n
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' t ▁have ▁to ▁pay ▁for ▁bund led ▁television ▁channels ▁they ▁don ' t ▁watch " ▁and ▁indicated ▁that ▁the ▁country ' s ▁Conservative ▁government ▁would ▁make ▁it ▁easier ▁for ▁sub scrib ers ▁to ▁purchase ▁channels ▁individually . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁as ▁per ▁policy ▁implemented ▁by ▁the ▁C RT C ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁all ▁television ▁providers ▁in ▁Canada ▁were ▁required ▁to ▁offer ▁an ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁scheme . ▁Ch annels ▁were ▁typically ▁pr iced ▁ ▁between ▁$ 4 ▁and ▁$ 7 , ▁making ▁bund led ▁packages ▁the ▁better ▁deal ▁for ▁all ▁but ▁the ▁most ▁fru gal ▁sub scrib ers . ▁Cons um ers ▁were ▁incred ulous ▁about ▁the ▁offer ings , ▁but ▁analyst s ▁were ▁not ▁surprised , ▁arguing ▁that ▁the ▁industry ▁would ▁be ▁expected ▁to ▁protect ▁its ▁bottom ▁line . ▁While ▁the ▁C RT C ▁required ▁a ▁basic ▁offering ▁of ▁local ▁television ▁services ▁and ▁mand ated ▁channels ▁cost ing ▁$ 2 5 ▁or ▁less , ▁it ▁did ▁not ▁reg ulate ▁the ▁pricing ▁of ▁individual ▁stations . ▁ ▁India ▁ ▁In ▁India , ▁ter rest rial ▁and ▁free - to - air ▁television ▁is ▁free ▁with ▁no ▁monthly ▁payments , ▁while ▁cable , ▁direct ▁to ▁home ▁( D TH ) ▁and ▁I PT V ▁require ▁a ▁monthly ▁payment ▁that ▁varies ▁depending ▁on ▁how ▁many ▁channels ▁a ▁sub scriber ▁cho oses ▁to ▁pay ▁for . ▁Ch annels ▁are ▁sold ▁in ▁packages / b ou qu
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ets / bund les ▁or ▁a ▁la ▁car te . ▁All ▁television ▁service ▁providers ▁are ▁required , ▁by ▁law , ▁to ▁provide ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁selection ▁of ▁channels . ▁India ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁country ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁to ▁couple ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁pricing ▁with ▁a ▁price ▁cap . ▁Mult iple - system ▁operator ▁( MS O ) ▁H ath way ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁offer ▁channels ▁on ▁an ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁basis ▁in ▁India , ▁announ cing ▁such ▁a ▁service ▁on ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Tele com ▁Reg ul atory ▁Authority ▁of ▁India ▁( TR AI ) ▁issued ▁the ▁Tele commun ication ▁( Broad cast ing ▁and ▁C able ▁Services ) ▁Inter connection ▁( F our th ▁Am endment ) ▁Reg ulation ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁which ▁went ▁into ▁law ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 ; ▁the ▁rules ▁require ▁all ▁broad cas ters ▁to ▁offer ▁channels ▁on ▁an ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁basis . ▁The ▁regulation ▁states , ▁" All ▁broad cas ters ▁will ▁comp ul sor ily ▁offer ▁all ▁their ▁channels ▁on ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁basis ▁to ▁D TH ▁operators . ▁Additionally , ▁they ▁may ▁also ▁offer ▁bou qu ets , ▁but ▁they ▁will ▁not ▁comp el ▁any ▁D TH ▁operator ▁to ▁include ▁the ▁entire ▁bou quet ▁in ▁any ▁package ▁being ▁offered ▁by ▁D TH ▁operators ▁to ▁their ▁sub scrib ers ". ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁regulation , ▁only
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▁customers ▁in ▁areas ▁covered ▁by ▁the ▁cond itional ▁access ▁system ▁( C AS ), ▁and ▁cable ▁systems ▁providing ▁the ▁services , ▁had ▁the ▁option ▁of ▁choosing ▁to ▁buy ▁only ▁the ▁channels ▁they ▁were ▁interested ▁in . ▁T RA I ▁interven ed ▁after ▁D TH ▁operators ▁complained ▁that ▁broad cas ters ▁were ▁forcing ▁them ▁to ▁carry ▁channels ▁that ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁want . ▁In ▁the ▁Tele commun ication ▁( Broad cast ing ▁and ▁C able ) ▁Services ▁( Second ) ▁Tar iff ▁( E ighth ▁Am endment ) ▁Order , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁( a ▁revision ▁of ▁the ▁earlier ▁regulation ▁issued ▁on ▁October ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ), ▁broad cas ters ▁were ▁ordered ▁to ▁offer ▁all ▁channels ▁on ▁an ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁basis ▁to ▁cable ▁providers . ▁Like ▁the ▁earlier ▁regulation ▁concerning ▁D TH ▁operators , ▁this ▁order ▁took ▁effect ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁It ▁also ▁permitted ▁packages ▁to ▁be ▁offered ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁la ▁car te . ▁ ▁Several ▁broad cas ters , ▁such ▁as ▁ST AR ▁India , ▁Z ee ▁Turner , ▁Set ▁Dis covery ▁and ▁Sun ▁TV , ▁challenged ▁T RA I ' s ▁order ▁in ▁the ▁Tele com ▁Dis put es ▁S ett lement ▁App ell ate ▁Trib unal ▁( T DS AT ). ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁T DS AT ▁refused ▁to ▁grant ▁a ▁stay ▁on ▁the ▁appeal ▁challenging ▁T RA I ' s ▁direct ive ;
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▁T DS AT ▁over r ul ed ▁the ▁broad cas ters ' ▁ob jections . ▁The ▁agency ▁later ▁set ▁aside ▁T RA I ' s ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁tar iff ▁regime . ▁T RA I ▁challenged ▁T DS AT ' s ▁order ▁in ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁and ▁stated ▁in ▁proceedings ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁that ▁" in ▁the ▁analog , ▁non - address able ▁environment , ▁the ▁authority ▁is ▁of ▁the ▁view ▁that ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁made ▁mandatory ▁at ▁the ▁wholes ale ▁level ▁as ▁technological ▁constraints ▁in ▁any ▁case ▁make ▁it ▁impossible ▁for ▁the ▁benefits ▁of ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁provision ing ▁to ▁be ▁passed ▁on ▁to ▁sub scrib ers ". ▁ ▁T RA I ▁ordered ▁that ▁pay ▁television ▁customers ▁in ▁India ▁must ▁be ▁given ▁a ▁free ▁choice ▁of ▁channels ▁rather ▁than ▁be ▁forced ▁to ▁choose ▁package ▁deals , ▁en for cing ▁a ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁deadline ▁to ▁implement ▁the ▁changes . ▁The ▁order ▁stated , ▁" Every ▁service ▁provider ▁providing ▁broadcast ing ▁services ▁or ▁cable ▁services ▁to ▁its ▁sub scrib ers ▁using ▁an ▁address able ▁system ▁shall ▁offer ▁all ▁pay ▁channels ▁to ▁its ▁sub scrib ers ▁on ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁basis ▁and ▁shall ▁specify ▁the ▁maximum ▁retail ▁price ▁for ▁each ▁pay ▁channel ". ▁T ata ▁Sky , ▁A irt el ▁digital ▁TV , ▁V ide ocon ▁d 2 h , ▁In ▁Digital ▁and ▁Rel iance ▁Digital ▁TV ▁launched ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁options
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▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁preced ent ▁for ▁distribut ors ▁bund ling ▁channels , ▁rather ▁than ▁offering ▁them ▁a ▁la ▁car te , ▁began ▁shortly ▁after ▁passage ▁of ▁the ▁C able ▁Television ▁Cons umer ▁Protection ▁and ▁Compet ition ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁which ▁enabled ▁broad cas ters ▁to ▁seek ▁compensation ▁from ▁distribut ors ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁re trans m itting ▁a ▁signal . ▁L arg er ▁broad cas ters ▁negoti ated ▁not ▁for ▁higher ▁fees , ▁but ▁for ▁inclusion ▁of ▁their ▁newer , ▁lesser ▁known , ▁non - ter rest rial ▁channels . ▁Fox , ▁for ▁example , ▁obtained ▁distribution ▁for ▁F X ; ▁NBC ▁for ▁C N BC . ▁Hence , ▁bund ling ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁just ▁a ▁marketing ▁choice ▁for ▁distribut ors , ▁but ▁a ▁contract ual ▁obligation . ▁ ▁Industry ▁resistance ▁to ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁programming ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁has ▁been ▁ent ren ched ▁even ▁during ▁downt urn s . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁for ▁example , ▁a ▁combined ▁loss ▁of ▁ 1 . 2 ▁million ▁sub scrib ers ▁to ▁Com cast ▁and ▁Time ▁Warner ▁C able ▁prompt ed ▁rum ors ▁that ▁program ▁distribut ors ▁themselves ▁would ▁push ▁to ▁un bundle ▁at ▁least ▁some ▁of ▁their ▁services . ▁C able ▁analyst ▁Craig ▁M off ett ▁argued ▁that ▁a ▁modified ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁model , ▁consisting ▁of ▁smaller ▁programming ▁t iers , ▁was ▁more ▁econom ically ▁feas
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ible ▁for ▁distribut ors ▁and ▁customers ▁alike . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁Time ▁Warner ▁C able ▁experiment ed ▁with ▁such ▁an ▁offering ▁in ▁a ▁limited ▁trial , ▁called ▁TV ▁Ess entials . ▁ ▁ID C ▁analyst ▁Gary ▁Ireland ▁called ▁such ▁skin ny ▁bund les ▁" sim ply ▁a ▁placeholder ▁for ▁a ▁la ▁car te " ▁and ▁predicted ▁that ▁consumer ▁demand ▁for ▁the ▁pricing ▁scheme ▁would ▁eventually ▁triumph . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 . 4 % ▁of ▁U . S . ▁households ▁had ▁either ▁dropped ▁cable ▁service ▁or ▁never ▁sub scribed ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁place . ▁ ▁The ▁debate ▁ ▁Support ▁ ▁The ▁case ▁for ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁has ▁centered ▁on ▁cost ▁savings ▁for ▁sub scrib ers . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Kevin ▁Martin , ▁then ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Federal ▁Communications ▁Commission ▁( F CC ) ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁known ▁advoc ates ▁for ▁the ▁pricing ▁scheme , ▁presented ▁a ▁report ▁to ▁Congress ▁arguing ▁that , ▁on ▁average , ▁consumers ▁would ▁save ▁ 1 3 % ▁on ▁their ▁monthly ▁cable ▁subscription ▁rates ▁if ▁they ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁sub scribe ▁only ▁to ▁channels ▁that ▁they ▁actually ▁watched . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁U . S . ▁Senator ▁John ▁McC ain ▁introduced ▁legislation ▁that ▁would ▁have ▁encouraged , ▁through ▁regulatory ▁incent ives , ▁program mers ▁and ▁distribut ors ▁to ▁offer ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁services . ▁He ▁cited ▁an ▁F CC ▁survey ▁finding ▁that ▁the ▁cost ▁of
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▁expanded ▁basic ▁cable ▁has ▁effectively ▁ris en ▁from ▁about ▁US $ 2 5 ▁a ▁month ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁over ▁$ 5 4 , ▁greatly ▁exceed ing ▁inflation . ▁As ▁predicted ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁by ▁ob servers ▁and ▁McC ain ▁himself , ▁the ▁legislation ▁did ▁not ▁pass . ▁ ▁On ▁June ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Maine ▁en act ed ▁legislation ▁that ▁requires ▁cable ▁system ▁operators ▁to ▁" off er ▁sub scrib ers ▁the ▁option ▁of ▁purchasing ▁access ▁to ▁cable ▁channels , ▁or ▁programs ▁on ▁cable ▁channels , ▁individually ." ▁ ▁A ▁pair ▁of ▁law su its ▁aimed ▁at ▁blocking ▁the ▁measure ▁soon ▁followed . ▁Pl aint iffs ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁include ▁Com cast , ▁Fox , ▁CBS ▁and ▁Disney , ▁who ▁argue ▁that ▁Federal ▁law ▁supers edes ▁state ▁legislation ▁in ▁dict ating ▁' how ▁cable ▁programming ▁is ▁presented ▁to ▁consumers ." ▁The ▁second ▁lawsuit ▁was ▁filed ▁by ▁the ▁N CT A , ▁which ▁represents ▁broad band ▁and ▁cable ▁services . ▁ ▁Opp os ition ▁ ▁Opp os ition ▁to ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁programming ▁has ▁centered ▁in ▁part ▁on ▁program ▁diversity . ▁When ▁channels ▁are ▁bund led ▁into ▁large ▁subscription ▁t iers , ▁less ▁popular ▁n iche ▁channels ▁are ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁survive ▁because ▁their ▁cost ▁is ▁b orne ▁by ▁both ▁viewers ▁and ▁non - view ers , ▁alike . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁National ▁Congress ▁of ▁Black ▁Women ▁and ▁fourteen ▁other ▁groups ▁argued ▁that ▁case ▁in ▁a ▁letter ▁to
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▁the ▁F CC , ▁writing ▁that ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁pricing ▁would ▁" w reak ▁hav oc " ▁on ▁programming ▁diversity . ▁Tele v angel ist ▁Jerry ▁Fal well ▁opposed ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁pricing ▁for ▁similar ▁reasons , ▁fear ing ▁that ▁the ▁pricing ▁model ▁would ▁force ▁Christian ▁broad cas ters ▁off ▁the ▁air , ▁although ▁not ▁all ▁religious ▁broad cas ters ▁agreed . ▁ ▁A ▁la ▁car te ▁opponents ▁have ▁also ▁cited ▁economics , ▁arguing ▁that ▁the ▁perceived ▁cost ▁savings ▁of ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁pricing ▁would ▁be ▁ill us ory ▁for ▁most ▁sub scrib ers ▁and ▁dramatically ▁reduce ▁reven ues ▁for ▁program mers . ▁A ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁analysis ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁market ▁by ▁investment ▁bank ▁and ▁asset ▁management ▁firm ▁Need ham ▁& ▁Company ▁concluded ▁an ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁scheme ▁would ▁cut ▁$ 8 0 ▁billion ▁to ▁$ 1 1 3 ▁billion ▁of ▁consumer ▁value ▁from ▁the ▁industry , ▁cost ▁at ▁least ▁$ 4 5 ▁billion ▁in ▁advertising , ▁and ▁eliminate ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 2 4 ▁channels ▁and ▁some ▁ 1 . 4 ▁million ▁media - related ▁jobs . ▁The ▁firm ▁based ▁its ▁estimates ▁on ▁the ▁assumption ▁that ▁the ▁average ▁annual ▁operating ▁cost ▁of ▁an ▁entertainment ▁cable ▁channel ▁is ▁$ 2 8 0 ▁million , ▁which ▁would ▁require ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 6 5 , 0 0 0 ▁viewers ▁to ▁break ▁even . ▁Based ▁on ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁view ership , ▁that ▁would ▁leave ▁about ▁ 5 6 ▁channels ▁standing .
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▁Anal yst ▁Laura ▁Martin ▁recommended ▁that ▁the ▁current ▁business ▁model ▁of ▁bund led ▁tier ed ▁sub scriptions ▁be ▁kept ▁with ▁no ▁changes . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁column , ▁Josh ▁Bar ro ▁pointed ▁to ▁academic ▁research ▁concl uding ▁that ▁an ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁system ▁would ▁not ▁benefit ▁customers . ▁A ▁typical ▁sub scriber , ▁he ▁wrote , ▁would ▁pay ▁" sl ight ly ▁more ▁on ▁cable ▁under ▁an ▁un bund led ▁system , ▁while ▁watching ▁slightly ▁fewer ▁channels ." ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Stanford ▁University ▁study ▁cited ▁by ▁Bar ro ▁sim ulated ▁a ▁ 4 9 - channel ▁subscription ▁bundle ▁being ▁switched ▁to ▁an ▁la ▁car te ▁scheme . ▁The ▁researchers ▁concluded ▁that ▁sub scrib ers ▁would ▁pay ▁ 1 0 3 . 0 % ▁more ▁in ▁fees ▁passed ▁on ▁by ▁distribut ors , ▁while ▁consumer ▁welfare ▁would ▁likely ▁be ▁worse , ▁changing ▁between ▁- 5 . 4 % ▁and ▁ 0 . 2 %. ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁reason ▁is ▁efficiency : ▁some ▁distribution ▁costs ▁are ▁fixed ▁whether ▁a ▁distribut or ▁provides ▁a ▁few ▁channels ▁or ▁many . ▁If ▁fewer ▁people ▁sub scribe , ▁the ▁base ▁subscription ▁rate ▁is ▁likely ▁to ▁go ▁up . ▁In ▁addition , ▁program mers ▁would ▁receive ▁less ▁revenue ▁in ▁carriage ▁fees ▁and ▁advertising ▁reven ues , ▁and ▁would ▁look ▁to ▁its ▁remaining ▁viewers ▁to ▁make ▁up ▁the ▁difference . ▁However , ▁some ▁sub scrib ers ▁would ▁benefit ▁from ▁a ▁la ▁car te , ▁including ▁those ▁who ▁have
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▁opt ed ▁out ▁of ▁bund led ▁channels , ▁but ▁might ▁sub scribe ▁to ▁just ▁a ▁few , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁sub scrib ers ▁with ▁no ▁interest ▁in ▁sports . ▁Cas ual ▁sports ▁fans , ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁could ▁pay ▁a ▁higher ▁rate . ▁ ▁Sports ▁programming ▁ ▁By ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁outs ized ▁cost ▁of ▁sports ▁programming ▁paid ▁by ▁distribut ors ▁and ▁passed ▁on ▁to ▁sub scrib ers ▁had ▁influenced ▁the ▁debate . ▁The ▁Need ham ▁study ▁maintained ▁that ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁a ▁separate ▁sports ▁tier ▁would ▁reduce ▁industry ▁reven ues ▁by ▁$ 1 3 ▁billion . ▁C able ▁pione er ▁John ▁C . ▁Mal one ▁stated ▁that , ▁for ▁sub scrib ers ▁un inter ested ▁in ▁television ▁sports , ▁" run away ▁sports ▁rights " ▁costs ▁amount ed ▁to ▁" a ▁high ▁tax ". ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁pronounced ▁example ▁was ▁the ▁national ▁sports ▁network ▁ESP N , ▁whose ▁monthly ▁per - sub scriber ▁fee ▁charged ▁ ▁to ▁distribut ors ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁aver aged ▁$ 5 . 5 4 , ▁more ▁than ▁four ▁times ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁most ▁cost ly ▁national ▁network . ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁report ▁in ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁many ▁sub scrib ers ▁paid ▁for ▁ESP N ▁through ▁bund led ▁sub scriptions , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁watch ▁it . ▁Of ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 ▁million ▁households ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁just ▁ 1 . 3 6 ▁million ▁people ▁viewed ▁ESP N ▁in ▁prime ▁time ▁during ▁the
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▁second ▁quarter ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ESP N ▁and ▁its ▁majority ▁parent , ▁The ▁Walt ▁Disney ▁Company , ▁called ▁bund ling ▁a ▁great ▁value ▁and ▁a ▁force ▁for ▁program ▁diversity , ▁and ▁argued ▁that ▁without ▁bund ling , ▁ESP N ' s ▁monthly ▁fee ▁would ▁rise ▁to ▁$ 1 5 . ▁ ▁But ▁fort unes ▁subsequently ▁changed ▁for ▁the ▁network , ▁which ▁lost ▁ 1 0 ▁million ▁sub scrib ers . ▁The ▁network ▁went ▁through ▁two ▁rounds ▁of ▁lay - offs , ▁including ▁some ▁ 5 0 ▁broad cas ters ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Anal yst s ▁saw ▁those ▁moves ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁shift ▁in ▁how ▁ESP N ▁distribut es ▁its ▁programming , ▁including ▁the ▁expected ▁launch ▁of ▁a ▁subscription ▁streaming ▁service : ▁the ▁functional ▁equivalent ▁of ▁an ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁channel . ▁ ▁Regional ▁sports ▁networks ▁sold ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁bund led ▁t iers ▁were ▁also ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁controversy . ▁A ▁notable ▁example ▁was ▁Time ▁Warner ▁C able ' s ▁agreement ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Dod gers ▁$ 8 . 3 5 ▁billion ▁over ▁ 2 5 ▁years ▁to ▁exclusively ▁carry ▁the ▁team ' s ▁games ▁on ▁a ▁joint ly ▁owned ▁television ▁out let , ▁Sports Net ▁LA ▁( since ▁renamed ▁Spect rum ▁Sports Net ▁LA ), ▁with ▁the ▁intent ▁of ▁res elling ▁rights ▁to ▁other ▁regional ▁distribut ors . ▁The ▁largest ▁satellite ▁provider , ▁Dire c TV , ▁offered ▁to ▁carry ▁the ▁channel ▁on ▁an ▁la ▁car te ▁basis
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, ▁arguing ▁that ▁Sports Net ▁LA ▁was ▁most ▁expensive ▁of ▁five ▁regional ▁sports ▁networks ▁and ▁that ▁a ▁bund led ▁offering ▁would ▁unfair ly ▁burden ▁the ▁company ' s ▁sub scrib ers . ▁T WC ▁responded ▁that ▁bund led ▁sports ▁channels ▁were ▁an ▁industry ▁standard , ▁one ▁that ▁Dire c TV ▁itself ▁ad her ed ▁to ▁in ▁other ▁markets . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁season , ▁the ▁dispute ▁resulted ▁in ▁Dod gers ▁game ▁tele cast s ▁being ▁un available ▁to ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁Southern ▁California ▁households ▁for ▁four ▁consecutive ▁seasons . ▁ ▁Stream ing ▁services ▁While ▁the ▁discussion ▁of ▁" a ▁la ▁car te " ▁services ▁initially ▁centered ▁on ▁cable ▁and ▁satellite ▁services , ▁the ▁term ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁cord ▁cutting — the ▁practice ▁of ▁using ▁internet ▁television ▁services ▁such ▁as ▁Amazon ▁Video ▁and ▁Netflix ▁as ▁an ▁alternative ▁to ▁traditional ▁subscription ▁television ▁services . ▁In ▁this ▁context , ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁customer ▁sub scrib ing ▁to ▁individual ▁services , ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁purchasing ▁cost l ier ▁bund les ▁of ▁service ▁from ▁a ▁traditional ▁television ▁provider . ▁To ▁appeal ▁to ▁these ▁customers ▁and ▁expand ▁the ▁availability ▁of ▁their ▁content ▁beyond ▁" linear " ▁television , ▁broad cas ters ▁such ▁as ▁CBS , ▁H BO , ▁and ▁Show time ▁have ▁launched ▁streaming ▁services , ▁including ▁CBS ▁All ▁Access ▁and ▁H BO ▁Now . ▁ ▁These ▁services ▁feature ▁their ▁networks ' ▁respective ▁content ▁on - dem and , ▁and ▁are ▁purchased ▁as
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▁a ▁stand alone ▁service ▁independent ▁of ▁television ▁providers . ▁▁ ▁Amazon ▁Video ▁added ▁its ▁own ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁" Ch annels " ▁platform ▁to ▁its ▁service ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁which ▁allows ▁users ▁to ▁sub scribe ▁to ▁third - party ▁content ▁services ▁delivered ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁base ▁Amazon ▁Prime ▁service ; ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁it ▁offered ▁ 1 4 0 ▁different ▁services , ▁including ▁CBS ▁All ▁Access , ▁Show time , ▁and ▁Star z . ▁ ▁Apple ▁followed ▁Amazon ' s ▁lead ▁when ▁it ▁made ▁a ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁announce ments ▁of ▁its ▁Apple ▁TV ▁Ch annels ▁service , ▁which ▁will ▁allow ▁users ▁of ▁Apple ' s ▁free ▁Apple ▁TV ▁app ▁on ▁numerous ▁devices ▁to ▁bundle ▁various ▁video ▁on ▁demand ▁subscription ▁streaming ▁service ▁and ▁access ▁their ▁content ▁from ▁one ▁location . ▁ ▁Despite ▁having ▁used ▁the ▁term ▁" A ▁la ▁car te " ▁in ▁promotion , ▁S ling ▁TV ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁true ▁a ▁la ▁car te ▁television ▁service , ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁still ▁distributed ▁in ▁bund les , ▁customers ▁cannot ▁pick ▁and ▁choose ▁individual ▁channels ▁to ▁include ▁in ▁their ▁service ▁or ▁swap ▁them ▁out ▁for ▁different ▁ones ▁individually , ▁and ▁some ▁packages ▁are ▁only ▁available ▁on ▁specific ▁service ▁t iers . ▁The ▁service ▁cited ▁the ▁practice ▁of ▁mandatory ▁bund ling ▁by ▁broad cas ters ▁as ▁an ▁influence ▁on ▁this ▁policy . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Car riage ▁dispute ▁ ▁Family ▁and ▁Cons umer ▁Choice ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 0
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7 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁N CT A ▁( National ▁C able ▁Television ▁Association ) ▁Issue ▁B rief ▁on ▁A ▁La ▁Car te ▁ ▁Canadian ▁pick - and - pay ▁offer ings ▁from ▁Shaw ▁Communications , ▁V media , ▁Rogers ▁Communications ▁and ▁Man it oba ▁Tele com ▁Services , ▁ ▁Category : Broad cast ▁law ▁Category : Tele vision ▁termin ology ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁communications ▁regulation ▁Category : C able ▁television ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁air ports ▁in ▁Bh ut an , ▁sorted ▁by ▁location . ▁ ▁Bh ut an , ▁officially ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Bh ut an , ▁is ▁a ▁land locked ▁country ▁in ▁South ▁Asia , ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁eastern ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁H imal aya ▁Mountains ▁and ▁b ordered ▁to ▁the ▁south , ▁east ▁and ▁west ▁by ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁India ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁by ▁Tibet . ▁Bh ut an ▁was ▁separated ▁from ▁the ▁nearby ▁state ▁of ▁Nep al ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁by ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁S ik kim , ▁and ▁from ▁Bangl adesh ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁by ▁West ▁Beng al . ▁The ▁capital ▁city ▁is ▁Th im ph u . ▁ ▁Air ports ▁▁ ▁Airport ▁names ▁shown ▁in ▁bold ▁have ▁scheduled ▁passenger ▁service ▁on ▁commercial ▁a irlines . ▁ ▁Bag dog ra ▁Airport ▁() ▁in ▁neighbour ing ▁India ▁is ▁also ▁accessible ▁for ▁flights ▁to ▁Bh ut an . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Transport ▁in ▁Bh ut an ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁air ports ▁by ▁I
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CA O ▁code : ▁V ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Air ports ▁in ▁Bh ut an ▁World ▁A ero ▁Data ▁ ▁Air ports ▁in ▁Bh ut an ▁Great ▁Circle ▁Map per ▁ ▁Air ports ▁in ▁Bh ut an ▁Fall ing R ain . com ▁▁▁ ▁Bh ut an ▁Air ports ▁Air ports ▁Bh ut an <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁Cam pl in ▁( born ▁ 2 7 ▁August ▁ 1 9 3 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁cr ick eter . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁right - handed ▁b ats man ▁and ▁right - arm ▁medium - fast ▁bow ler ▁who ▁played ▁for ▁Lincoln shire . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Gr ims by . ▁ ▁Cam pl in , ▁who ▁represented ▁Lincoln shire ▁in ▁the ▁Minor ▁Count ies ▁Championship ▁between ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁made ▁two ▁List ▁A ▁appearances ▁for ▁the ▁side , ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁seasons . ▁He ▁failed ▁to ▁score ▁a ▁run ▁in ▁either ▁inn ings ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁batt ed . ▁ ▁Cam pl in ▁bow led ▁ 2 4 ▁overs ▁in ▁his ▁List ▁A ▁career , ▁taking ▁four ▁w ickets , ▁including ▁that ▁of ▁But ch ▁White ▁on ▁his ▁debut . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁George ▁Cam pl in ▁at ▁Cr icket ▁Arch ive ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Lin coln shire ▁cr ick eters ▁Category :
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S ports people ▁from ▁Gr ims by <0x0A> </s> ▁McG uff ey ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁William ▁Holmes ▁McG uff ey , ▁American ▁writer ▁The ▁McG uff ey ▁Read ers , ▁written ▁by ▁William ▁Holmes ▁McG uff ey ▁McG uff ey , ▁Ohio , ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁McG uff ey ▁School ▁District , ▁a ▁school ▁district ▁in ▁Western ▁Pennsylvania , ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Aleks and ar ▁Br an ek ov ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁Bulgar ian ▁professional ▁football er ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁centre ▁back . ▁ ▁Career ▁Br an ek ov ▁is ▁a ▁product ▁of ▁the ▁C SK A ▁Sof ia ▁Academy . ▁He ▁marked ▁his ▁first - team ▁debut ▁with ▁goal , ▁opening ▁the ▁scoring ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 ▁away ▁win ▁over ▁L ok omot iv ▁Sof ia ▁on ▁ 6 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Br an ek ov ▁spent ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 0 8 ▁season ▁on ▁loan ▁with ▁L ok omot iv ▁Pl ov div ▁to ▁build ▁up ▁his ▁first ▁team ▁experience , ▁but ▁earned ▁only ▁ 7 ▁appearances ▁in ▁the ▁A ▁Group . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Br an ek ov ▁returned ▁to ▁C SK A . ▁After ▁the ▁game ▁with ▁L ok omot iv ▁Sof ia ▁on ▁ 5 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁in ▁which ▁Br an ek ov ▁scored ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁
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5 – 1 ▁home ▁win , ▁he ▁came ▁into ▁conflict ▁with ▁the ▁fans ▁and ▁was ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁team . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁released ▁from ▁C SK A . ▁ ▁A ▁month ▁later , ▁Br an ek ov ▁signed ▁a ▁contract ▁as ▁a ▁free ▁agent ▁with ▁V id ima - R akov ski ▁Sev lie vo ▁and ▁quickly ▁established ▁himself ▁as ▁a ▁key ▁player . ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁with ▁V id ima , ▁he ▁scored ▁ 4 ▁goals ▁in ▁ 4 1 ▁matches ▁in ▁the ▁A ▁Group . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Br an ek ov ▁signed ▁a ▁one - and - a - half - year ▁contract ▁with ▁L ok omot iv ▁Sof ia . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 0 ▁home ▁win ▁over ▁L ok omot iv ▁Pl ov div ▁on ▁ 5 ▁March . ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Br an ek ov ▁was ▁announced ▁as ▁L ok omot iv ' s ▁new ▁club ▁captain . ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁signed ▁a ▁two - year ▁contract ▁extension , ▁keeping ▁him ▁at ▁L ok omot iv ▁until ▁ 3 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁On ▁ 2 2 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁in ▁a ▁L ok omot iv ▁shirt ▁against ▁N ef to ch im ic ▁Burg as , ▁in
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▁a ▁ 5 – 1 ▁home ▁league ▁win . ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁March , ▁Br an ek ov ▁scored ▁the ▁only ▁goal ▁in ▁a ▁home ▁win ▁over ▁Cher nom ore ts ▁Burg as ▁in ▁the ▁Bulgar ian ▁Cup . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Br an ek ov ▁returned ▁to ▁his ▁favorite ▁club ▁C SK A ▁Sof ia , ▁although ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁team ▁will ▁play ▁amateur ▁football ▁next ▁season . ▁He ▁had ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁enemy ▁Lev ski ▁Sof ia ▁but ▁he ▁rejected ▁the ▁offer ▁from ▁them . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Br an ek ov ▁joined ▁Sept em v ri ▁Sof ia . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁team ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁match ▁against ▁Dun av ▁R use . ▁On ▁ 3 1 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁his ▁contract ▁was ▁term inated ▁by ▁mutual ▁consent . ▁ ▁On ▁ 4 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Br an ek ov ▁signed ▁with ▁Second ▁League ▁club ▁L ok omot iv ▁Sof ia . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season , ▁he ▁announced ▁his ▁retirement ▁from ▁football . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁C SK A ▁Sof ia ▁ ▁Bulgar ian ▁Cup ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁Bulgar ian ▁Super cup ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 0 8
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▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Player ▁Profile ▁at ▁guard ian . touch - line . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Sof ia ▁Category : Bul gar ian ▁football ers ▁Category : P FC ▁C SK A ▁Sof ia ▁players ▁Category : P FC ▁L ok omot iv ▁Pl ov div ▁players ▁Category : P FC ▁V id ima - R akov ski ▁Sev lie vo ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁L ok omot iv ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁Sof ia ▁players ▁Category : P FC ▁Sl avia ▁Sof ia ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Sept em v ri ▁Sof ia ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁central ▁defend ers ▁Category : First ▁Professional ▁Football ▁League ▁( Bul gar ia ) ▁players ▁Category : Second ▁Professional ▁Football ▁League ▁( Bul gar ia ) ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Dan ▁Kennedy ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁author , ▁stage ▁perform er , ▁and ▁host ▁of ▁The ▁M oth ▁story t elling ▁podcast ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Kennedy ' s ▁writing ▁first ▁gained ▁attention ▁at ▁Mc S ween ey ' s , ▁a ▁literary ▁website ▁and ▁quarter ly ▁journal . ▁He ▁started ▁performing ▁on ▁stage ▁with ▁New ▁York - based ▁story t elling ▁collective ▁The ▁M oth ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁going ▁on ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁host ▁of ▁the ▁popular ▁live ▁events ▁and ▁instrumental ▁in ▁developing ▁The ▁M oth ▁podcast . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1
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8 , ▁W ired ▁Magazine ▁celebrated ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁anniversary ▁of ▁the ▁podcast ▁in ▁[ H tt ps :// www . w ired . com / story / m oth - pod cast - turn s - 1 0 / ▁a ▁profile ] ▁out lin ing ▁its ▁rise ▁from ▁two ▁thousand ▁sub scrib ers ▁to ▁forty - six ▁million ▁download s ▁per ▁year . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁the ▁podcast ▁was ▁download ed ▁ 7 1 ▁million ▁times . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Kennedy ▁published ▁his ▁first ▁book , ▁Los er ▁Go es ▁First : ▁My ▁Th irty - Something ▁Years ▁of ▁D umb ▁Luck ▁and ▁Minor ▁Hum iliation , ▁with ▁Random ▁House . ▁A ▁mem oir ▁followed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁entitled ▁Rock ▁On : ▁An ▁Office ▁Power ▁Ball ad , ▁which ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁described ▁as ▁" ... a ▁success ion ▁of ▁gently ▁m ord ant ▁v ign ettes , ▁with ▁hilar iously ▁spot - on ▁as ides ▁about ▁media ▁image - making ". ▁He ▁discussed ▁the ▁book , ▁and ▁his ▁time ▁working ▁for ▁Atlantic ▁Records ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁with ▁Terry ▁G ross ▁on ▁N PR ' s ▁" F resh ▁Air ". ▁Kennedy ' s ▁debut ▁novel ▁American ▁Spirit ▁ ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁receiving ▁the ▁cov eted ▁star red ▁review ▁from ▁Publish ers ▁Week ly , ▁which ▁her ald ed ▁the ▁book ▁as ▁having , ▁" ... far ▁sur pass ed ▁the
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▁creation ▁of ▁character ▁and ▁conj ured ▁an ▁entity ▁so ▁alive ▁in ▁its ▁knowledge ▁of ▁im pending ▁death ▁that ▁we ' re ▁captured ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁idea ▁of ▁what ▁it ' s ▁like ▁to ▁live ." ▁Kennedy ' s ▁work ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁G Q ▁Magazine ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁Pe ab ody ▁Award ▁winning ▁M oth ▁Radio ▁H our , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁published ▁in ▁multiple ▁literary ▁anth ologies ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Kennedy ▁began ▁writing ▁in ▁television ▁and ▁film , ▁and ▁has ▁sat ▁on ▁the ▁jud ging ▁commit te es ▁of ▁the ▁P EN ▁America ▁Jean ▁Stein ▁Grant ▁for ▁Liter ary ▁O ral ▁History , ▁and ▁the ▁ ▁Writ ers ▁G uild ▁of ▁America ▁East ▁“ M ade ▁in ▁New ▁York ” ▁Fellow ship ▁Program . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Books ▁▁ ▁Los er ▁Go es ▁First : ▁My ▁Th irty - Something ▁Years ▁of ▁D umb ▁Luck ▁and ▁Minor ▁Hum iliation ▁( Random ▁House / C rown , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Rock ▁On : ▁An ▁Office ▁Power ▁Ball ed ▁( Al gon quin , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁American ▁Spirit : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( H ought on ▁M if fl in ▁Har court / L itt la ▁a , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Se lected ▁Anth ologies ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁M oth ▁Pres ents : ▁Occ as ional ▁Magic . ▁True ▁Stories ▁About ▁Def ying ▁the ▁Im possible , ▁edited ▁by ▁Catherine
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▁Burn s ▁▁ ▁Keep ▁Sc rolling ▁T ill ▁You ▁Feel ▁Something : ▁ 2 1 ▁Years ▁of ▁Hum or ▁from ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁Internet ▁T end ency , ▁edited ▁by ▁Chris ▁Mon ks , ▁Sam ▁R iley ▁▁ ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁Issue ▁ 5 0 ▁( Mc S ween ey ' s ▁Quarter ly ▁Con c ern ), ▁edited ▁by ▁Dave ▁E gg ers ▁ ▁Created ▁in ▁Dark ness ▁by ▁T rou bled ▁Americans : ▁The ▁Best ▁of ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁Hum or , ▁Ed itors ▁Dave ▁E gg ers , ▁Kevin ▁Sh ay , ▁Lee ▁Ep stein , ▁John ▁Warner , ▁Suz anne ▁Kle id ▁ ▁Our ▁No ise : ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁Mer ge ▁Records , ▁by ▁John ▁Cook , ▁Mac ▁McC augh an , ▁Laura ▁Ball ance , ▁Ray ▁P orter ▁ ▁Hum or ▁Me : ▁An ▁Anth ology ▁of ▁Fun ny ▁Cont emporary ▁Writing ▁( Plus ▁Some ▁Great ▁Old ▁St uff ▁Too ), ▁edited ▁by ▁Ian ▁F raz ier ▁ ▁Book mark ▁Now : ▁Writing ▁in ▁Un reader ly ▁Times , ▁Ed ited ▁by ▁Kevin ▁Sam ps ell ▁ ▁The ▁En cycl op edia ▁of ▁Ex es , ▁Ed ited ▁by ▁M ered ith ▁B rou ss ard ▁ ▁The ▁Aut obi ographer ' s ▁Hand book : ▁The ▁ 8 2 6 ▁National ▁Guide ▁to ▁Writing ▁Your ▁Mem oir , ▁edited ▁by ▁Jennifer ▁Tra ig ▁ ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁Issue ▁ 3 5 ▁( Mc S
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ween ey ' s ▁Quarter ly ▁Con c ern ), ▁edited ▁by ▁Dave ▁E gg ers ▁ ▁The ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁Book ▁of ▁Politics ▁and ▁Mus icals , ▁by ▁the ▁Ed itors ▁of ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁ ▁The ▁Ins om ni ac ▁Read er : ▁Stories ▁of ▁the ▁Night , ▁Ed ited ▁by ▁Kevin ▁Sam ps ell ▁ ▁The ▁Best ▁of ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁Internet ▁T end ency , ▁Ed ited ▁by ▁Chris ▁Mon ks , ▁John ▁Warner ▁ ▁Love ▁Is ▁a ▁Four - Let ter ▁Word : ▁True ▁Stories ▁of ▁Break ups , ▁Bad ▁Rel ationship s , ▁and ▁Bro ken ▁He arts , ▁Ed ited ▁by ▁Michael ▁T ae ck ens ▁ ▁Mountain ▁Man ▁Dance ▁M oves : ▁The ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁Book ▁of ▁L ists , ▁by ▁the ▁Ed itors ▁of ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Dan ▁Kennedy ▁interview ▁on ▁N PR ' s ▁Fresh ▁Air ▁ ▁Bull se ye ▁with ▁Jesse ▁Th orn : ▁Christopher ▁Gu est , ▁V amp ire ▁Week end , ▁Dan ▁Kennedy . ▁ ▁Arch ived ▁work ▁with ▁The ▁M oth ▁ ▁Arch ived ▁work ▁with ▁Mc S ween ey ' s ▁ ▁Category : American ▁male ▁writers ▁Category : American ▁men ▁pod cas ters ▁Category : American ▁pod cas ters ▁Category : American ▁humor ists ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s>
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▁Earl ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁mi xt ape ▁by ▁American ▁rap per ▁Earl ▁S we at shirt . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁as ▁a ▁free ▁digital ▁download ▁on ▁March ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁on ▁the ▁O dd ▁Future ▁website . ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁lyrics ▁Earl ▁is ▁notable ▁for ▁its ▁de pr aved ▁and ▁violent ▁lyrics , ▁which ▁detail ▁the ▁fict ional ▁mis ad vent ures ▁of ▁the ▁young ▁Earl ▁S we at shirt , ▁as ▁he ▁comm its ▁acts ▁of ▁murder , ▁rape , ▁kidn apping , ▁and ▁violence . ▁The ▁album ▁features ▁production ▁by ▁Brand en Be at B oy ▁( cred ited ▁as ▁Beat B oy ) ▁and ▁fellow ▁O dd ▁Future ▁members ▁Tyler , ▁the ▁Creat or ▁and ▁Left ▁Br ain . ▁The ▁album ▁features ▁vocals ▁from ▁Tyler , ▁the ▁Creat or , ▁V ince ▁St ap les , ▁H od gy ▁Be ats , ▁and ▁some ▁backing ▁vocals ▁from ▁fellow ▁O dd ▁Future ▁members ▁Syd ▁Th a ▁K yd ▁and ▁T aco ▁Bennett . ▁The ▁lyrics ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁were ▁written ▁and ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 – 2 0 1 0 , ▁when ▁Earl ▁was ▁ 1 5 – 1 6 ▁years ▁old . ▁The ▁content ▁present ▁throughout ▁the ▁album ▁includes ▁various ▁drug ▁references , ▁mac ab re ▁themes ▁of ▁murder , ▁rape ▁and ▁sexual ▁lyrics . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Earl ▁was ▁met ▁with ▁much ▁interest ▁and ▁critical ▁ac claim ▁on ▁the ▁web , ▁upon ▁its ▁release . ▁The ▁tape
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▁also ▁gar ner ed ▁r ave ▁reviews ▁from ▁music ▁critics . ▁P itch f ork ▁Media ▁called ▁the ▁album ▁" mes mer izing ". ▁P itch f ork ' s ▁sister ▁site ▁Al tered ▁Z ones ▁listed ▁Earl ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁their ▁top ▁twenty ▁albums ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁pra ising ▁the ▁album ▁for ▁its ▁fer ocity ▁and ▁for ▁making ▁" some ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁v ile ▁vers es ▁sound ▁el o qu ent ". ▁Music ▁site ▁Gor illa ▁vs . ▁Bear ▁listed ▁it ▁at ▁number ▁ 1 2 ▁in ▁its ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 0 ▁best ▁albums ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁Complex ▁magazine ▁rated ▁Earl ▁as ▁the ▁twenty - four th ▁best ▁album ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Acc ol ades ▁The ▁mi xt ape ▁was ▁recognized ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁The ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Best ▁Albums ▁of ▁the ▁Dec ade ▁So ▁Far , ▁a ▁list ▁published ▁by ▁P itch f ork ▁Media ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁▁▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁" This n igg aug ly " ▁and ▁" E arl " ▁feature ▁additional ▁vocals ▁from ▁Tyler , ▁the ▁Creat or ▁and ▁T aco . ▁ ▁" W ake up f ag got " ▁features ▁additional ▁vocals ▁from ▁Syd ▁th a ▁K yd . ▁ ▁" ep a R " ▁features ▁additional ▁vocals ▁from ▁H od gy ▁Be ats . ▁ ▁Tyler , ▁the ▁Creat or ▁is ▁cred ited ▁as ▁' A ce ▁Creat or
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' ▁on ▁" C ouch ," ▁and ▁as ▁' W olf ▁H ale y ' ▁on ▁" P ig ions ." ▁ ▁Un authorized ▁T idal ▁& ▁Amazon ▁Music ▁re - release ▁▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Earl ▁was ▁re - re leased ▁on ▁music ▁streaming ▁services ▁T idal ▁and ▁Amazon ▁Music . ▁The ▁updated ▁track ▁list ▁combined ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁tracks ▁from ▁Earl ▁( ex cl uding ▁" This n igg aug ly " ▁and ▁" W ake up f ag got ") ▁with ▁tracks ▁recorded ▁prior ▁to ▁Earl , ▁back ▁when ▁S we at shirt ▁went ▁by ▁the ▁stage ▁name ▁S ly ▁T end encies . ▁Other ▁tracks ▁include ▁songs ▁S we at shirt ▁featured ▁on ▁around ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁Earl . ▁This ▁is ▁an ▁un authorized ▁release ▁from ▁the ▁company ▁Classic ▁H its . ▁Despite ▁being ▁available ▁for ▁purchase , ▁most ▁included ▁songs ▁were ▁previously ▁released ▁for ▁free . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁The ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" De ers kin " ▁is ▁originally ▁the ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" All ▁C aps " ▁by ▁Mad v ill ain , ▁produced ▁by ▁Mad lib . ▁ ▁The ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" Or ange ▁Ju ice " ▁is ▁originally ▁the ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" L emon ade " ▁by ▁Gu cc i ▁M ane , ▁produced ▁by ▁Bangl adesh . ▁ ▁H od gy ▁Be ats ▁was ▁mistaken ly ▁cred ited ▁on ▁the ▁re - release ' s ▁track ▁list ; ▁Tyler , ▁the ▁Creat or
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▁is ▁the ▁correct ▁feature . ▁ ▁" Ch ord ar oy " ▁was ▁originally ▁on ▁M ellow H ype ' s ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁mi xt ape ▁Black ened White . ▁ ▁The ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" Drop " ▁is ▁originally ▁the ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" Drop " ▁by ▁Rich ▁Boy , ▁produced ▁by ▁Cha ▁Lo ▁and ▁Pol ow ▁da ▁Don . ▁ ▁The ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" Sw ag ▁Me ▁Out " ▁is ▁originally ▁the ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" Not ▁a ▁St ain ▁on ▁Me " ▁by ▁Big ▁T uck . ▁ ▁" Home " ▁was ▁released ▁as ▁a ▁stand alone ▁song ▁on ▁February ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁day ▁S we at shirt ▁returned ▁from ▁Sam oa , ▁and ▁the ▁instrumental ▁for ▁it ▁is ▁originally ▁the ▁song ▁" Theme ▁From ▁Paris " ▁by ▁James ▁P ants . ▁ ▁The ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" Bl ade " ▁is ▁originally ▁the ▁instrumental ▁for ▁" Nothing ' s ▁G onna ▁Stop ▁Me " ▁by ▁T error ▁Squad , ▁produced ▁by ▁DJ ▁Kh aled . ▁ ▁" R ick ▁James " ▁was ▁mistaken ly ▁released ▁as ▁an ▁Earl ▁S we at shirt ▁song . ▁The ▁song ▁is ▁actually ▁titled ▁" BAD BO I 2 2 2 " ▁and ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁Long ▁Island ▁rap per ▁" B IG ▁B RE AK FA ST ". ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁mi xt ape ▁albums ▁Category : E arl ▁S we at shirt ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced
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▁by ▁Tyler , ▁the ▁Creat or ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Left ▁Br ain ▁Category : R ape ▁in ▁fiction ▁Category : R ap ▁oper as ▁Category : Con cept ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Phillips ▁County ▁Cour th ouse ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Phillips ▁County ▁Cour th ouse ▁( Ar k ansas ), ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁N R HP ▁in ▁Arkansas ▁Phillips ▁County ▁Cour th ouse ▁( Color ado ), ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁N R HP ▁in ▁Colorado <0x0A> </s> ▁Fer rous ▁cit rate , ▁or ▁iron ( II ) ▁cit rate , ▁describes ▁coord ination ▁complex es ▁containing ▁cit rate ▁an ions ▁with ▁Fe 2 + ▁formed ▁in ▁a que ous ▁solution . ▁ ▁Although ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁complex es ▁are ▁possible ▁( or ▁even ▁likely ), ▁only ▁one ▁complex ▁has ▁been ▁cryst all ized . ▁ ▁That ▁complex ▁is ▁the ▁coord ination ▁poly mer ▁with ▁the ▁formula ▁[ Fe ( H 2 O ) 6 ] 2 + { [ Fe ( C 6 H 5 O 7 )( H 2 O )] - } 2 . 2 H 2 O , ▁where ▁C 6 H 5 O 7 3 - ▁is ▁HO C ( CH 2 CO 2 -) 2 ( CO 2 -, ▁i . e ., ▁the ▁triple ▁conj ug ate ▁base ▁of ▁cit ric ▁acid ▁wherein ▁the ▁three ▁car box y lic ▁acid ▁groups ▁are ▁ion ized . ▁Fer rous ▁cit r ates ▁are ▁all ▁param ag netic , ▁reflect ing ▁the ▁weak ▁crystal ▁field
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▁of ▁the ▁car box yl ate ▁lig ands . ▁▁ ▁Fer rous ▁cit r ates ▁are ▁produced ▁by ▁treating ▁dis od ium ▁cit rate ▁ ▁with ▁sources ▁of ▁iron ( II ) ▁aqu o ▁complex es , ▁such ▁as ▁iron ( II ) ▁sul f ate . ▁ ▁Fer rous ▁cit r ates ▁are ▁all ▁highly ▁un stable ▁in ▁air , ▁conver ting ▁to ▁f err ic ▁cit r ates . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : I ron ( II ) ▁comp ounds <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 4 1 0 ▁Yellow ▁River ▁flood ▁was ▁a ▁natural ▁disaster ▁affecting ▁the ▁area ▁around ▁Ka if eng , ▁China , ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁M ing ▁dyn asty . ▁ ▁It ▁struck ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁the ▁us ur ping ▁Y ong le ▁Emperor , ▁dam aging ▁thousands ▁of ▁acres ▁of ▁farm land ▁and ▁killing ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : History ▁of ▁Ka if eng ▁Category : M ing ▁dyn asty ▁Ka if eng ▁Flo od , ▁ 1 4 1 0 ▁Yellow ▁River ▁Flo od , ▁ 1 4 1 0 ▁Category : Y ellow ▁River ▁flood s ▁Category : 1 5 th - century ▁flood s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁H os ford ▁yield ▁crit er ion ▁is ▁a ▁function ▁that ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁determine ▁whether ▁a ▁material ▁has ▁under g one ▁plastic ▁yield ing ▁under ▁the ▁action ▁of ▁stress . ▁ ▁H os ford ▁yield ▁crit er
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