text
stringlengths 505
4.3k
|
|---|
▁Hor iz ons ▁for ▁Hom eless ▁Children , ▁Year ▁Up , ▁Te ach ▁for ▁America , ▁K ipp ▁Schools , ▁and ▁Boston ▁Children ’ s ▁Hospital . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Corpor ate ▁Direct ors ▁named ▁B eken stein ▁Non profit ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Year . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : American ▁financial ▁business people ▁Category : Har vard ▁Business ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Y ale ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : B ain ▁Capital ▁people ▁Category : B ain ▁& ▁Company ▁employees ▁Category : American ▁chief ▁execut ives ▁of ▁financial ▁services ▁companies ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Way land , ▁Massachusetts <0x0A> </s> ▁Bar ley - Break ▁is ▁an ▁old ▁English ▁country ▁game ▁frequently ▁mentioned ▁by ▁the ▁po ets ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁and ▁ 1 8 th ▁centuries . ▁It ▁was ▁played ▁by ▁three ▁pairs , ▁each ▁composed ▁of ▁a ▁man ▁and ▁a ▁woman , ▁who ▁were ▁station ed ▁in ▁three ▁bases ▁or ▁pl ots , ▁cont igu ous ▁to ▁each ▁other . ▁The ▁couple ▁occup ying ▁the ▁middle ▁base , ▁called ▁hell ▁or ▁prison , ▁ende av oured ▁to ▁catch ▁the ▁other ▁two , ▁who , ▁when ▁ch ased , ▁might ▁break ▁to ▁avoid ▁being ▁caught . ▁If ▁one ▁was ▁over t aken , ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁companion ▁were ▁condem ned ▁to ▁hell . ▁From ▁this ▁game ▁was ▁taken ▁the ▁expression ▁"
|
the ▁last ▁couple ▁in ▁hell ", ▁often ▁used ▁in ▁old ▁plays . ▁ ▁Its ▁use ▁in ▁literature ▁usually ▁has ▁sexual ▁con notations . ▁The ▁best ▁known ▁example ▁is ▁in ▁Thomas ▁M idd leton ▁and ▁William ▁Row ley ' s ▁play ▁The ▁Ch ang eling , ▁in ▁which ▁an ▁ad ul ter er ▁tells ▁his ▁c uck old ▁" I ▁coupled ▁with ▁your ▁mate ▁at ▁bar ley - break ; ▁now ▁we ▁are ▁left ▁in ▁hell ". ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁phrase ▁in ▁Thomas ▁Mor ley ' s ▁mad rig al ▁Now ▁Is ▁the ▁Month ▁of ▁May ing ▁probably ▁means ▁something ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁id iom ▁" roll ▁in ▁the ▁hay ". ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : C ultural ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Tag ▁vari ants <0x0A> </s> ▁" W ish ▁W ish " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁by ▁American ▁producer ▁DJ ▁Kh aled ▁featuring ▁American ▁rapp ers ▁Card i ▁B ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁Sav age , ▁taken ▁from ▁Kh aled ' s ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁studio ▁album ▁Father ▁of ▁As ah d . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁as ▁track ▁two ▁on ▁its ▁parent ▁album . ▁This ▁song ▁marked ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁each ▁artist ▁had ▁worked ▁with ▁another , ▁their ▁first s ▁being : ▁Card i ▁B ▁& ▁ 2 1 ▁Sav age ▁in ▁" B art ier ▁Card i " ▁( 2 0 1 7 ), ▁ 2 1 ▁Sav age ▁& ▁DJ ▁Kh aled ▁in
|
▁" I ced ▁Out ▁My ▁Ar ms " ▁( 2 0 1 7 ), ▁and ▁DJ ▁Kh aled ▁& ▁Card i ▁B ▁in ▁" D in ero " ▁( 2 0 1 8 ). ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁Carl ▁L amar re ▁of ▁Bill board ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁song ▁established ▁ 2 1 ▁Sav age ▁as ▁a ▁" go - to ▁feature " ▁and ▁that ▁his ▁appearance ▁is ▁met ▁with ▁" un matched ▁w it ". ▁Thomas ▁Hob bs ▁of ▁N ME ▁. ▁A . D . ▁Am or osi ▁at ▁Var iety ▁wrote ▁that ▁Card i ' s ▁presence ▁on ▁the ▁song ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁notable ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁elev ated ▁it ▁" into ▁a ▁tun ef ul , ▁sp icy ▁trap ▁epic ". ▁ ▁Music ▁video ▁Both ▁collaboration ▁and ▁video ▁were ▁first ▁te ased ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁The ▁music ▁video ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁videos ▁from ▁Kh aled ' s ▁album ▁Father ▁of ▁As ah d . ▁It ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁E if ▁River a ▁and ▁co - direct ed ▁by ▁Kh aled . ▁The ▁video ▁shows ▁Card i ▁B ▁dancing ▁in ▁a ▁black ▁cats uit ▁and ▁Ch anel ▁swim suit , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁joint ▁shots ▁by ▁Kh aled ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁Sav age . ▁It ▁also ▁features ▁product ▁placement ▁by ▁F ashion ▁Nova . ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Week ly ▁charts ▁ ▁Year -
|
end ▁charts ▁ ▁Cert ifications ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁songs ▁Category : D J ▁Kh aled ▁songs ▁Category : Card i ▁B ▁songs ▁Category : 2 1 ▁Sav age ▁songs <0x0A> </s> ▁J ab ari ▁Jer ell ▁Bl ash ▁( born ▁July ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁baseball ▁out f iel der ▁for ▁the ▁T oh oku ▁R ak uten ▁Golden ▁E agles ▁of ▁N ip pon ▁Professional ▁Base ball ▁( NP B ). ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁( ML B ) ▁debut ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁with ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁Pad res . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁played ▁in ▁ML B ▁for ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Ang els . ▁ ▁Career ▁Bl ash ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Chicago ▁White ▁S ox ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 9 th ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁draft ▁out ▁of ▁Charlotte ▁Am alie ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁St . ▁Thomas , ▁Virgin ▁Islands . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁sign ▁and ▁attended ▁Al c orn ▁State ▁University , ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁play ▁baseball ▁due ▁to ▁issues ▁with ▁his ▁academic ▁trans cript . ▁He ▁transferred ▁to ▁Miami - D ade ▁College , ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁. 3 5 3 ▁batt ing ▁average ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁home ▁runs ▁in ▁ 1 0 2 ▁at - b ats ▁for ▁the ▁school ' s ▁baseball ▁team . ▁He ▁was ▁then ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Texas ▁Rangers ▁in
|
▁the ▁nin th ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁draft . ▁He ▁again ▁did ▁not ▁sign ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁Miami - D ade . ▁ ▁Seattle ▁Mar in ers ▁The ▁Seattle ▁Mar in ers ▁chose ▁Bl ash ▁in ▁the ▁e ighth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁draft ▁and ▁he ▁signed . ▁Bl ash ▁made ▁his ▁professional ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁Pul ask i ▁Mar in ers . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁hit ▁ 2 5 ▁home ▁runs ▁with ▁a ▁. 9 1 5 ▁on - base ▁plus ▁sl ug ging ▁( OP S ) ▁while ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁High ▁Des ert ▁Ma ver icks ▁and ▁Jackson ▁Gener als . ▁He ▁started ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁back ▁with ▁Jackson ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁T ac oma ▁Rain iers ▁in ▁April . ▁ ▁San ▁Diego ▁Pad res ▁The ▁Oak land ▁Athlet ics ▁selected ▁Bl ash ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Rule ▁ 5 ▁draft ▁and ▁then ▁traded ▁him ▁to ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁Pad res ▁as ▁the ▁player ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁later ▁from ▁the ▁December ▁ 2 ▁trade ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Athlet ics ▁acquired ▁Y onder ▁Al onso . ▁ ▁Bl ash ▁made ▁the ▁Pad res ' ▁Open ing ▁Day ▁ro ster . ▁He ▁batt ed ▁ 3 - for - 2 5 ▁( . 1 2 0 ) ▁with ▁ 1 3 ▁strike outs , ▁and ▁was ▁designated ▁for ▁assignment ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 3
|
. ▁He ▁cleared ▁w ai vers ▁and ▁the ▁Mar in ers ▁declined ▁his ▁return , ▁allowing ▁him ▁to ▁be ▁out right ed ▁into ▁San ▁Diego ' s ▁minor ▁league ▁system . ▁After ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁El ▁Pas o ▁Ch ih u ahu as , ▁the ▁Pad res ▁promoted ▁him ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁major ▁le agues ▁on ▁July ▁ 3 0 . ▁On ▁May ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Bl ash ▁was ▁option ed ▁down ▁to ▁A AA ▁to ▁make ▁room ▁for ▁Matt ▁Sz cz ur ▁on ▁the ▁ro ster . ▁ ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Ang els ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁Pad res ▁traded ▁Bl ash ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Yan ke es ▁for ▁Chase ▁Head ley ▁and ▁Bryan ▁Mitchell . ▁The ▁Yan ke es ▁designated ▁Bl ash ▁for ▁assignment ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁make ▁room ▁for ▁Br andon ▁Dr ury , ▁who ▁was ▁acquired ▁earlier ▁in ▁the ▁day ▁in ▁a ▁three - team ▁trade . ▁The ▁next ▁day , ▁the ▁Yan ke es ▁traded ▁Bl ash ▁to ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Ang els ▁for ▁a ▁player ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁later ▁or ▁cash ▁consider ations . ▁In ▁ 2 4 ▁games ▁with ▁the ▁Ang els , ▁Bl ash ▁hit ▁only ▁. 1 0 3 ▁with ▁ 1 ▁R BI . ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Bl ash ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁the ▁Ang els . ▁
|
▁T oh oku ▁R ak uten ▁Golden ▁E agles ▁On ▁December ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Bl ash ▁signed ▁a ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁T oh oku ▁R ak uten ▁Golden ▁E agles ▁of ▁N ip pon ▁Professional ▁Base ball ▁( NP B ) ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁season ▁worth ▁ ¥ 1 2 0 mill ion . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Bl ash ▁signed ▁a ▁ 1 - year ▁extension ▁to ▁remain ▁with ▁the ▁E agles . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Bl ash ' s ▁younger ▁brother , ▁Jam ori , ▁a ▁ 2 3 rd - round ▁draft ▁pick ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁is ▁a ▁first ▁bas eman ▁in ▁the ▁Washington ▁Nation als ▁organization . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁exp atri ate ▁baseball ▁players ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : Char ros ▁de ▁J alis co ▁players ▁Category : Cl inton ▁L umber K ings ▁players ▁Category : El ▁Pas o ▁Ch ih u ahu as ▁players ▁Category : E ver ett ▁Aqu a S ox ▁players ▁Category : High ▁Des ert ▁Ma ver icks ▁players ▁Category : Jack son ▁Gener als ▁( S ou thern ▁League ) ▁players ▁Category : Le ones ▁del ▁Esc og ido ▁players ▁Category : Los ▁Angeles ▁Ang els ▁players ▁Category : M ajor ▁League ▁Base ball ▁left ▁field ers ▁Category
|
: M ajor ▁League ▁Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Virgin ▁Islands ▁Category : M ajor ▁League ▁Base ball ▁right ▁field ers ▁Category : M iami ▁D ade ▁Sh arks ▁baseball ▁players ▁Category : N ip pon ▁Professional ▁Base ball ▁designated ▁hit ters ▁Category : N ip pon ▁Professional ▁Base ball ▁out field ers ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Saint ▁Thomas , ▁U . S . ▁Virgin ▁Islands ▁Category : P ul ask i ▁Mar in ers ▁players ▁Category : S alt ▁Lake ▁Be es ▁players ▁Category : San ▁Diego ▁Pad res ▁players ▁Category : T ac oma ▁Rain iers ▁players ▁Category : T oh oku ▁R ak uten ▁Golden ▁E agles ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Hotel ▁Alex andra ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Hotel ▁Alex andra ▁( B oston ), ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 ▁ ▁Hotel ▁Alex andra ▁( Str yn , ▁Norway ), ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Hotel ▁Alexand ria ▁ ▁Royal ▁Alex andra ▁Hotel , ▁a ▁Canadian ▁Pacific ▁Hotel ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Association ▁for ▁Learning ▁Technology ▁( AL T ) ▁is ▁a ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁professional ▁body ▁and ▁learned ▁society . ▁Found ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁as ▁a ▁Register ed ▁Char ity , ▁AL T ▁brings ▁together ▁people ▁and ▁organisations ▁with ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁learning ▁technology . ▁ ▁Members hip ▁AL T ▁has ▁over ▁ 1 7 0 ▁organis ational ▁and ▁spons oring ▁members , ▁and ▁over ▁ 2
|
, 2 9 0 ▁individual ▁members ▁as ▁reported ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 / 1 7 ▁accounts . ▁Organ is ational ▁members ▁include ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁UK ' s ▁universities . ▁S pons oring ▁members ▁include ▁public ▁sector ▁agencies ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Department ▁for ▁Business , ▁Innov ation ▁and ▁Sk ills ▁and ▁the ▁Hig her ▁Education ▁Academy , ▁and ▁companies ▁such ▁as ▁Black board , ▁Google , ▁Microsoft ▁and ▁T os hib a . ▁There ▁are ▁three ▁categories ▁of ▁individual ▁member : ▁Associ ate ▁Member , ▁Ord inary ▁Member , ▁and , ▁under ▁a ▁scheme ▁which ▁has ▁operated ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Cert ified ▁Member ▁( CM AL T ). ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁AL T ' s ▁activities ▁include ▁the ▁following : ▁ ▁AL T - C , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁UK ' s ▁main ▁conference ▁for ▁learning ▁techn ologists . ▁Past ▁ke yn ote ▁speakers ▁at ▁AL T - C ▁have ▁included ▁Martin ▁G . ▁Be an , ▁David ▁Cav allo , ▁Wend y ▁Hall , ▁Eric ▁Maz ur , ▁Nat asa ▁Mil ic - F ray ling , ▁S ug ata ▁Mit ra , ▁Peter ▁Nor v ig , ▁Richard ▁N oss , ▁Hans ▁Ros ling , ▁Carol ▁Tw igg , ▁Michael ▁W esch , ▁Dylan ▁Wil iam . ▁ ▁Res pon ding ▁to ▁consult ations ▁relating ▁to ▁learning ▁technology ▁and ▁e - learning . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁responses ▁are ▁refer enced ▁in ▁Government ▁publications . ▁ ▁Work shops ▁and ▁occasional ▁smaller ▁con ferences .
|
▁ ▁Cert ification ▁of ▁members ▁under ▁the ▁CM AL T ▁scheme , ▁see ▁http :// www . alt . ac . uk / cm alt /. ▁ ▁Working ▁in ▁partnership ▁with ▁other ▁organisations , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Col leg es , ▁J isc , ▁L S IS , ▁N I ACE , ▁and ▁the ▁T EL ▁Program me . ▁ ▁A ims ▁AL T ▁aims ▁ ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Incre ase ▁the ▁impact ▁of ▁Learning ▁Technology ▁for ▁public ▁benefit ▁ ▁Prov ide ▁stronger ▁recognition ▁of ▁and ▁representation ▁for ▁Learning ▁Technology ▁professionals ▁on ▁a ▁national ▁level ▁ ▁Lead ▁the ▁professional isation ▁of ▁research ▁and ▁practice ▁in ▁Learning ▁Technology ▁ ▁Public ations ▁▁ ▁Research ▁in ▁Learning ▁Technology , ▁an ▁international ▁peer - review ed ▁Open ▁Access ▁journal ▁which ▁aims ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁profile ▁of ▁research ▁in ▁learning ▁technology , ▁encouraging ▁research ▁that ▁inform s ▁good ▁practice ▁and ▁cont ributes ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁policy ; ▁ ▁a ▁public ▁w iki ▁with ▁resources ▁of ▁interest ▁to ▁the ▁learning ▁technology ▁community ; ▁ ▁a ▁members ' ▁digest , ▁which ▁is ▁sent ▁fort night ly ▁to ▁nearly ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁sub scrib ers ; ▁ ▁a ▁quarter ly ▁printed ▁and ▁web - based ▁News letter ▁available ▁at ▁http :// news letter . alt . ac . uk /. ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Association ▁for ▁Learning ▁Technology ▁( AL T ) ▁website ▁ ▁Research ▁in ▁Learning ▁Technology ▁- ▁The ▁Journal ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁for ▁Learning ▁Technology ▁( AL T ) ▁ ▁Cert ified ▁Members
|
hip ▁( CM AL T ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : E duc ational ▁technology ▁academic ▁and ▁professional ▁associations ▁Category : Information ▁technology ▁organisations ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Learning ▁Technology <0x0A> </s> ▁Tur ris ▁g arn ons ii ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁sea ▁sn ail , ▁a ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll usk ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Tur r idae , ▁the ▁tur r ids . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Tur r idae ▁Category : G ast rop od s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁British ▁security ▁forces ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁British ▁Ar med ▁Forces , ▁the ▁military ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁British ▁intelligence ▁agencies ▁Law ▁enforcement ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁the ▁police ▁and ▁law ▁enforcement ▁agencies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁Alexander ▁Gordon ▁C owie ▁( 2 7 ▁February ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁– ▁ 7 ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁first - class ▁cr ick eter , ▁soldier ▁and ▁poet . ▁ ▁C owie ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Ch arter house ▁School ▁and ▁C ai us ▁College , ▁Cambridge . ▁A ▁tall , ▁strongly ▁built ▁right - arm ▁fast ▁bow ler ▁who ▁could ▁bowl ▁" al arm ingly ▁fast ", ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁first - class ▁debut ▁for ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁and ▁was ▁awarded ▁his ▁blue . ▁ ▁He ▁made ▁nine ▁first - class ▁appearances ▁for ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁and ▁ 1
|
9 1 1 ▁seasons , ▁taking ▁ 4 3 ▁w ickets ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 2 3 . 2 5 . ▁His ▁best ▁figures ▁were ▁ 6 ▁for ▁ 8 7 ▁off ▁ 1 8 . 5 ▁overs ▁against ▁Sus sex ▁in ▁his ▁second ▁match ; ▁five ▁of ▁his ▁victims ▁were ▁bow led . ▁In ▁his ▁next ▁match , ▁immediately ▁afterwards , ▁he ▁took ▁ 5 ▁for ▁ 6 4 ▁and ▁ 4 ▁for ▁ 8 9 ▁( match ▁figures ▁of ▁ 3 7 . 4 – 7 – 1 5 3 – 9 ) ▁to ▁lead ▁Cambridge ▁to ▁a ▁nine - wick et ▁victory ▁over ▁York shire . ▁Later ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁he ▁played ▁two ▁matches ▁for ▁Hampshire ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁Championship , ▁taking ▁ 5 ▁for ▁ 9 4 ▁in ▁Lanc ash ire ' s ▁first ▁inn ings ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁match . ▁He ▁lost ▁form ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁on set ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁C owie ▁was ▁commissioned ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Army . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁Captain ▁in ▁the ▁Sea for th ▁High land ers . ▁He ▁was ▁wounded ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁but ▁returned ▁to ▁active ▁duty . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁ 7 ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁after ▁being ▁fat ally ▁wounded ▁while ▁serving ▁in ▁Mes op ot am ia . ▁A ▁short ▁poem ▁of ▁his , ▁titled ▁" Lines ▁by ▁Captain ▁Alexander ▁Gordon ▁C owie , ▁Sea for th ▁High land
|
ers ", ▁appeared ▁after ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁The ▁Lot us ▁Magazine ▁and ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁anth olog ized ▁in ▁books ▁of ▁war ▁poetry . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Alexander ▁C owie ▁at ▁C ric info ▁Alexander ▁C owie ▁at ▁Cr icket Arch ive ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 6 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁L ym ington ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : C amb ridge ▁University ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : H amps hire ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Army ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Army ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : Se a for th ▁High land ers ▁officers ▁Category : B rit ish ▁military ▁personnel ▁killed ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : O x ford ▁and ▁Cambridge ▁Univers ities ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁Ch arter house ▁School ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Gon ville ▁and ▁C ai us ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁Category : English ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁po ets <0x0A> </s> ▁Nov el ▁with ▁C oc aine , ▁or ▁sometimes ▁C oc ain ▁Rom ance ▁( ▁- ▁Roman ▁s ▁k ok ain om ), ▁is ▁a ▁mysterious ▁Russian ▁novel ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁in ▁a ▁Paris ian ▁é migr é ▁publication , ▁Num bers , ▁and ▁sub t itled ▁" Conf essions ▁of ▁a ▁Russian ▁op ium - e ater ". ▁ ▁Its ▁author ▁was ▁given ▁as ▁M .
|
▁Age y ev . ▁ ▁The ▁English ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁title ▁fails ▁to ▁convey ▁the ▁double ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁" Р о ман ," ▁meaning ▁both ▁" nov el " ▁and ▁" rom ance ." ▁ ▁Description ▁Nov el ▁with ▁C oc aine ▁is ▁a ▁D osto ev sk yan ▁psychological ▁novel ▁of ▁ideas , ▁which ▁expl ores ▁the ▁interaction ▁between ▁psychology , ▁philosophy , ▁and ▁ide ology ▁in ▁its ▁frank ▁port ray al ▁of ▁an ▁adoles cent ' s ▁coc aine ▁addiction . ▁The ▁story ▁rel ates ▁the ▁form ative ▁experiences ▁of ▁narr ator ▁V ad im ▁at ▁school ▁and ▁with ▁women ▁before ▁he ▁turns ▁to ▁drug ▁abuse ▁and ▁the ▁philosoph ical ▁ref lections ▁to ▁which ▁it ▁gives ▁rise . ▁Although ▁Age y ev ▁makes ▁little ▁explicit ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁Russian ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁the ▁novel ' s ▁ob session ▁with ▁add ict ive ▁forms ▁of ▁thinking ▁finds ▁reson ance ▁in ▁the ▁historical ▁background , ▁in ▁which ▁" our ▁in born ▁feelings ▁of ▁humanity ▁and ▁justice " ▁prov oke ▁" the ▁cru elt ies ▁and ▁sat an ic ▁trans gress ions ▁committed ▁in ▁its ▁name ." ▁ ▁Public ation ▁history ▁Following ▁its ▁original ▁publication ▁in ▁Num bers , ▁the ▁novel ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁book ▁form ; ▁ ▁it ▁was ▁sc orn ed ▁as ▁dec ad ent ▁and ▁disgust ing , ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁term ▁applied ▁to ▁it ▁by ▁Vlad imir ▁N ab ok ov . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁the ▁novel ▁was ▁translated
|
▁into ▁French ▁and ▁published ▁to ▁nearly ▁un anim ous ▁praise ; ▁ ▁an ▁English ▁translation ▁( by ▁Michael ▁Henry ▁He im ) ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁French ▁translation ▁was ▁published , ▁there ▁was ▁some ▁brief ▁spec ulation ▁in ▁literary ▁circles ▁as ▁to ▁whether ▁Nov el ▁with ▁C oc aine ▁might ▁actually ▁be ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁N ab ok ov , ▁perhaps ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁myst ifications ; ▁ ▁the ▁consensus ▁is ▁now ▁that ▁N ab ok ov ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁author . ▁ ▁N ab ok ov ' s ▁son ▁D mit ri ▁addresses ▁this ▁issue ▁in ▁an ▁after word ▁to ▁his ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁English ▁translation ▁of ▁V N ' s ▁novel ▁The ▁En chan ter . ▁ ▁The ▁real ▁author ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁is ▁Mark ▁Lev i , ▁a ▁mysterious ▁Russian ▁é migr é ▁who ▁sent ▁in ▁a ▁manuscript ▁to ▁the ▁Paris ian ▁journal ▁from ▁I stan bul ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁ ▁Mark ▁Lev i ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁and ▁spent ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁in ▁Y ere van , ▁where ▁he ▁died ▁on ▁August ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Qu otes ▁" E arly ▁one ▁morning ▁I , ▁V ad im ▁Mas len nik ov , ▁set ▁off ▁for ▁school ▁( I ▁was ▁going ▁on ▁sevent een ▁at ▁the ▁time ) ▁having ▁forgotten ▁the ▁envelope ▁with ▁the ▁first - se mes ter ▁fees ▁Mother ▁had
|
▁left ▁me ▁in ▁the ▁dining ▁room ▁the ▁day ▁before ." ▁- ▁opening ▁sentence . ▁ ▁" My ▁experience ▁of ▁love ▁seemed ▁to ▁be ▁conv incing ▁me ▁that ▁you ▁can ▁speak ▁pre tt ily ▁about ▁love ▁when ▁that ▁love ▁has ▁become ▁a ▁memory ; ▁you ▁can ▁speak ▁conv inc ingly ▁about ▁love ▁when ▁it ▁has ▁stir red ▁up ▁sens ual ity ▁and ▁you ▁must ▁remain ▁quite ▁silent ▁about ▁love ▁when ▁it ▁has ▁struck ▁you ▁in ▁the ▁heart ." ▁ ▁" Before ▁I ▁came ▁in ▁contact ▁with ▁coc aine ▁I ▁assumed ▁that ▁happiness ▁was ▁an ▁entity , ▁while ▁in ▁fact ▁all ▁human ▁happiness ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁clever ▁fusion ▁of ▁two ▁elements : ▁( 1 ) ▁the ▁physical ▁feeling ▁of ▁happiness , ▁and ▁( 2 ) ▁the ▁external ▁event ▁providing ▁the ▁psych ic ▁imp et us ▁for ▁that ▁feeling ." ▁ ▁" I ▁would ▁st roll ▁down ▁the ▁bou lev ards ▁and ▁try ▁to ▁catch ▁the ▁eye ▁of ▁every ▁passing ▁woman . ▁ ▁I ▁never , ▁as ▁the ▁saying ▁goes , ▁' und ressed ▁them ' ▁with ▁my ▁glance , ▁nor ▁did ▁I ▁feel ▁any ▁car nal ▁desire ▁for ▁them . ▁In ▁that ▁fever ish ▁state , ▁which ▁might ▁have ▁inspired ▁another , ▁say ▁to ▁write ▁poetry , ▁I ▁would ▁simply ▁stare ▁into ▁the ▁eyes ▁of ▁all ▁women ▁walking ▁in ▁the ▁other ▁direction ▁and ▁wait ▁for ▁a ▁similarly ▁terr ifying , ▁wide - eyed ▁look ▁in ▁response . ▁I ▁never ▁acc ost ed ▁a ▁woman ▁who ▁responded ▁with ▁a ▁smile , ▁because ▁I ▁knew ▁that ▁anyone
|
▁who ▁smiled ▁at ▁a ▁look ▁like ▁mine ▁could ▁only ▁be ▁a ▁prost itute ▁or ▁a ▁vir gin ." ▁ ▁" Music ▁is ▁the ▁description ▁of ▁emotion ▁with ▁motion ." ▁ ▁- ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁fascinating ▁quote ▁because ▁it ▁rh ym es ▁in ▁both ▁Russian ▁and ▁English , ▁but ▁the ▁words ▁are ▁quite ▁different . ▁ ▁" To ▁a ▁man ▁in - love , ▁all ▁women ▁are ▁merely ▁women ▁except ▁the ▁woman ▁he ▁loves , ▁who ▁thereby ▁becomes ▁a ▁human ; ▁to ▁a ▁woman ▁in ▁love , ▁all ▁men ▁are ▁merely ▁humans ▁except ▁the ▁man ▁she ▁loves , ▁who ▁thereby ▁becomes ▁a ▁man ." ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 4 ▁novels ▁Category : Book s ▁about ▁coc aine ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Russian ▁novels <0x0A> </s> ▁Lad in h ac ▁is ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁Cant al ▁department ▁in ▁south - cent ral ▁France . ▁ ▁Pop ulation ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Commun es ▁of ▁the ▁Cant al ▁department ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁IN SEE ▁ ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁Cant al <0x0A> </s> ▁Hans ▁La uda ▁( 2 5 ▁March ▁ 1 8 9 6 – ▁ 2 1 ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Aust rian ▁industrial ist ▁who ▁co - found ed ▁the ▁Federation ▁of ▁Aust rian ▁Indust ries ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁president ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁p ater nal ▁grandfather ▁of ▁Formula ▁One ▁World ▁Champion ▁N iki ▁La
|
uda . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Hans ▁La uda ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁March ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁in ▁Vienna . ▁His ▁father ▁ ▁worked ▁in ▁hyd ra ul ic ▁engineering ▁and ▁bridge ▁construction . ▁La uda ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁Th eres ian um , ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Vienna , ▁where ▁he ▁earned ▁a ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁law . ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁" Old ▁La uda ". ▁He ▁was ▁interested ▁in ▁Formula ▁One , ▁and ▁drove ▁to ▁the ▁N ür burg ring ▁and ▁to ▁Mon aco ▁to ▁watch ▁Formula ▁One ▁races . ▁ ▁Career ▁During ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War , ▁La uda ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁artillery . ▁After ▁the ▁war , ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁ ▁as ▁a ▁commercial ▁secretary , ▁between ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 2 5 . ▁He ▁then ▁worked ▁for ▁Ö sterreich isch - Amer ikan ischen ▁Magn es it ▁AG . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁Ve its cher . ▁After ▁the ▁An sch luss , ▁La uda ▁was ▁removed ▁from ▁his ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁company . ▁After ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War , ▁La uda ▁was ▁re inst ated ▁as ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁Ve its cher , ▁and ▁La uda ▁built ▁a ▁pap erm aking ▁empire ▁there . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁La uda ▁co - found ed ▁the ▁Federation ▁of ▁Aust rian ▁Indust ries ▁( IV ), ▁and ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁organisation ▁until ▁ 1
|
9 6 0 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁cited ▁in ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁report ▁on ▁the ▁progress ▁of ▁the ▁Marshall ▁Plan . ▁He ▁reported ▁that ▁Austria ▁would ▁employ ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁former ▁government ▁officials . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Industrial ists , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁he ▁proposed ▁a ▁successful ▁bill ▁to ▁freeze ▁ ▁wages , ▁to ▁try ▁and ▁counter act ▁inflation ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁La uda ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁Red ▁Cross , ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Rel ationship ▁with ▁N iki ▁La uda ▁Hans ▁La uda ▁was ▁the ▁p ater nal ▁grandfather ▁of ▁Formula ▁One ▁World ▁Champion ▁N iki ▁La uda . ▁A ged ▁ 1 0 , ▁N iki ▁accused ▁Hans ▁of ▁" double ▁standards " ▁after ▁he ▁accepted ▁a ▁medal ▁of ▁honour ▁from ▁social ist ▁mayor ▁of ▁Vienna ▁Felix ▁Sl av ik , ▁someone ▁that ▁Hans ▁was ▁not ▁fond ▁of . ▁Hans ▁was ▁critical ▁of ▁N iki ' s ▁Formula ▁One ▁amb itions , ▁saying ▁that ▁" A ▁La uda ▁should ▁be ▁on ▁the ▁economic ▁pages ▁of ▁the ▁newspaper , ▁not ▁the ▁sports ▁pages ." ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁Hans ▁and ▁N iki ▁La uda ▁had ▁an ▁argument , ▁after ▁Hans ▁v eto ed ▁funding ▁for ▁N iki ▁to ▁pay ▁for ▁a ▁drive ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Formula ▁One
|
▁season ▁with ▁March ▁Engineering . ▁The ▁pair ▁never ▁spoke ▁again . ▁Hans ▁La uda ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁shortly ▁before ▁N iki ' s ▁first ▁Formula ▁One ▁victory ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁Spanish ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : A ust rian ▁industrial ists ▁Category : 1 8 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Vienna <0x0A> </s> ▁In finity ▁Broad cast ing ▁Corporation ▁was ▁a ▁radio ▁company ▁that ▁existed ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁It ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Michael ▁A . ▁Wi ener ▁and ▁Ger ald ▁Car rus . ▁It ▁became ▁associated ▁with ▁popular ▁radio ▁personal ities ▁like ▁Howard ▁S tern , ▁Op ie ▁and ▁Anthony , ▁Don ▁Im us ▁and ▁Mike ▁Frances a . ▁In finity ▁merged ▁with ▁CBS ▁Corporation ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁and ▁later ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁Vi acom ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁when ▁CBS ▁and ▁Vi acom ▁merged , ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁radio ▁division ▁of ▁CBS . ▁After ▁the ▁Vi acom ▁split ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁In finity ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁CBS ▁Radio . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Form ation ▁and ▁pre - mer ger ▁ ▁In finity ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁by ▁two ▁former ▁Met rom edia ▁execut ives ▁Michael ▁A . ▁Wi ener ▁and ▁Ger ald ▁Car rus , ▁with ▁the ▁acquisition ▁of ▁K O ME , ▁an
|
▁FM ▁radio ▁station ▁that ▁served ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay ▁Area , ▁and ▁finally ▁received ▁its ▁license ▁by ▁the ▁Federal ▁Communications ▁Commission ▁( F CC ) ▁ ▁a ▁year ▁later . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁In finity ▁acquired ▁W BC N ▁in ▁Boston . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁Mel ▁Kar maz in ▁was ▁brought ▁in ▁as ▁new ▁president . ▁Kar maz in ▁overs aw ▁the ▁operation ▁of ▁New ▁York ' s ▁W NEW - AM ▁( now ▁W BB R ) ▁and ▁W NEW - FM ▁for ▁Met rom edia . ▁Soon ▁after , ▁the ▁company ▁acquired ▁fellow ▁New ▁York ▁stations ▁W NEW - FM , ▁W K T U ▁( now ▁W NY L ; ▁the ▁present - day ▁W K T U ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁i He art Media ), ▁W Z RC , ▁and ▁W F AN ▁the ▁following ▁years , ▁followed ▁by ▁W Y SP - FM ▁in ▁Philadelphia . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁In finity ▁absorbed ▁K XY Z ▁in ▁Houston ▁and ▁W J M K ▁and ▁W J J D ▁in ▁Chicago . ▁ ▁In finity ▁became ▁a ▁publicly ▁traded ▁company ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁Within ▁a ▁year , ▁it ▁had ▁purchased ▁six ▁more ▁stations : ▁K RO Q - FM ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁W J F K - FM ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C ., ▁W Q Y K - AM / FM ▁in ▁T ampa , ▁and ▁K V IL -
|
AM / FM ▁in ▁Dallas . ▁ ▁Kar maz in ▁and ▁three ▁other ▁company ▁execut ives ▁took ▁the ▁company ▁private ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁and ▁took ▁it ▁public ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁In finity ▁was ▁expanded ▁to ▁ 2 2 ▁radio ▁stations . ▁ ▁Mer ger ▁with ▁CBS ▁and ▁Vi acom ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁Tele commun ications ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁which ▁lo os ened ▁ownership ▁restrictions ▁of ▁broadcast ▁stations , ▁In finity ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁quickly ▁acquire ▁more ▁stations , ▁gradually ▁increasing ▁its ▁portfolio ▁to ▁ 7 5 ▁stations . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁West ing house ▁Electric ▁Corporation ▁( which ▁owned ▁CBS ) ▁would ▁acquire ▁In finity ▁Broad cast ing . ▁Kar maz in ▁had ▁attempted ▁to ▁acquire ▁CBS , ▁but ▁Michael ▁Jordan , ▁CEO ▁of ▁West ing house , ▁refused ▁to ▁sell ▁the ▁firm ▁to ▁Kar maz in ▁but ▁instead ▁agreed ▁to ▁buy ▁In finity . ▁The ▁$ 4 . 9 ▁billion ▁deal ▁was ▁completed ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁West ing house ▁purchase , ▁In finity ▁was ▁merged ▁into ▁the ▁CBS ▁Radio ▁Group , ▁with ▁Kar maz in ▁as ▁president . ▁Kar maz in ▁soon ▁became ▁chairman ▁and ▁CEO ▁of ▁CBS ▁Radio , ▁and ▁took ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁CBS ▁television ▁network . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁after , ▁West
|
ing house ▁sold ▁its ▁non - broad cast ing ▁assets ▁and ▁renamed ▁itself ▁as ▁CBS ▁Corporation . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁CBS ▁decided ▁to ▁spin ▁off ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁its ▁radio ▁and ▁outdoor ▁advertising ▁hold ings ▁as ▁In finity ▁Broad cast ing ▁Corporation , ▁once ▁again ▁bringing ▁the ▁In finity ▁name ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁public . ▁The ▁stock ▁offering ▁was ▁the ▁largest ▁in ▁the ▁media ▁industry ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁and ▁raised ▁$ 2 . 8 7 ▁billion . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁significant ▁move ▁during ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁however , ▁was ▁the ▁deal ▁struck ▁with ▁Vi acom ▁in ▁September . ▁Sum ner ▁Red stone , ▁CEO ▁of ▁Vi acom , ▁shot ▁down ▁Kar maz in ' s ▁offer ▁to ▁buy ▁Vi acom . ▁Kar maz in ▁then ▁offered ▁CBS ▁to ▁Red stone , ▁who ▁eventually ▁made ▁a ▁$ 3 7 ▁billion ▁proposal ▁to ▁merge ▁the ▁two ▁companies . ▁Vi acom ▁completed ▁the ▁CBS ▁Cor p . ▁purchase ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁it ▁retained ▁ 8 0 % ▁ownership ▁of ▁In finity . ▁At ▁that ▁same ▁year , ▁In finity ▁acquired ▁Out door ▁Systems ▁and ▁renamed ▁it ▁In finity ▁Out door . ▁ ▁Under ▁the ▁new ▁ownership ▁by ▁Vi acom , ▁In finity ▁acquired ▁ 1 8 ▁radio ▁stations ▁from ▁its ▁compet itor , ▁Clear ▁Channel ▁Communications ▁( now ▁i He art Media ), ▁which ▁needed ▁to ▁div est ▁them ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁its ▁own ▁mer ger ▁with ▁AM FM ▁In cor por ated
|
. ▁The ▁company ▁also ▁purchased ▁G ira ud y ▁SA , ▁an ▁outdoor ▁advertising ▁company ▁based ▁in ▁France . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Vi acom ▁acquired ▁the ▁remaining ▁shares ▁of ▁In finity ▁that ▁it ▁did ▁not ▁already ▁own , ▁making ▁it ▁a ▁wh olly ▁owned ▁subs idi ary . ▁At ▁that ▁time , ▁In finity ▁Out door ▁was ▁separated ▁from ▁In finity ▁Broad cast ing ▁and ▁renamed ▁Vi acom ▁Out door . ▁ ▁Dep art ure ▁of ▁Mel ▁Kar maz in ▁and ▁Ep il ogue ▁ ▁Kar maz in ▁resigned ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁due ▁to ▁many ▁differences ▁with ▁Red stone . ▁Kar maz in ▁later ▁said ▁he ▁didn ' t ▁get ▁along ▁with ▁Red stone ▁and ▁found ▁it ▁difficult ▁to ▁be ▁" No . ▁ 2 " ▁at ▁a ▁company , ▁but ▁particularly ▁under ▁Red stone . ▁The ▁two ▁execut ives ▁continued ▁to ▁sn ipe ▁at ▁each ▁other ▁through ▁the ▁media ▁even ▁a ▁year ▁after ▁Kar maz in ▁left ▁Vi acom . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁In finity ▁Broad cast ing ▁re verted ▁to ▁CBS ▁Radio , ▁and ▁joined ▁with ▁the ▁CBS ▁and ▁U PN ▁networks ▁( the ▁latter ▁of ▁which ▁would ▁later ▁merge ▁with ▁former ▁rival ▁network ▁The ▁W B ▁to ▁form ▁The ▁C W ), ▁Param ount ' s ▁television ▁properties , ▁Show time ▁Network s , ▁Vi acom ▁Out door , ▁Simon ▁& ▁Sch uster , ▁and ▁Param ount ▁Park s ▁into ▁a
|
▁rev ived ▁CBS ▁Corporation . ▁At ▁that ▁time , ▁CBS ▁Cor p . ▁spun ▁off ▁the ▁" new " ▁Vi acom , ▁which ▁includes ▁M TV ▁Network s , ▁B ET , ▁and ▁Param ount ▁Pictures , ▁among ▁other ▁assets . ▁CBS ▁Radio ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁Enter com ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁▁ ▁For ▁a ▁while ▁the ▁In finity ▁Radio ▁name ▁and ▁logo ▁were ▁used ▁for ▁an ▁online - only ▁variety ▁hits ▁station ▁on ▁CBS ▁Radio ' s ▁streaming ▁platform , ▁In finity Radio . com ▁and ▁Radio . com , ▁presumably ▁to ▁prevent ▁trad emark ▁dil ution . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁In finity ▁Radio ▁official ▁website ▁SEC ▁filing ▁( Form ▁S - 4 ) ▁relating ▁to ▁split ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁radio ▁broadcast ing ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Media ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Category : Form er ▁CBS ▁Corporation ▁subs idi aries ▁Category : C BS ▁Radio ▁Category : Private ▁equity ▁portfolio ▁companies ▁Category : 1 9 7 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁California ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁dis est ablish ments ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : Media ▁companies ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁Rub ber ▁pad ▁forming ▁( R PF ) ▁is ▁a ▁metal working ▁process ▁where ▁sheet ▁metal ▁is ▁pressed ▁between ▁a ▁die ▁and ▁a ▁rubber ▁block , ▁made ▁of ▁poly ure th ane . ▁Under ▁pressure , ▁the
|
▁rubber ▁and ▁sheet ▁metal ▁are ▁driven ▁into ▁the ▁die ▁and ▁conform ▁to ▁its ▁shape , ▁forming ▁the ▁part . ▁The ▁rubber ▁p ads ▁can ▁have ▁a ▁general ▁purpose ▁shape , ▁like ▁a ▁membr ane . ▁Altern atively , ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁mach ined ▁in ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁die ▁or ▁punch . ▁ ▁Rub ber ▁pad ▁forming ▁is ▁a ▁deep ▁drawing ▁technique ▁that ▁is ▁ide ally ▁suited ▁for ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁small ▁and ▁medium - sized ▁series . ▁Deep ▁drawing ▁makes ▁it ▁possible ▁to ▁de form ▁sheet ▁metal ▁in ▁two ▁directions , ▁which ▁offers ▁great ▁benefits ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁function ▁integration , ▁weight ▁reduction , ▁clean ability ▁and ▁such . ▁ ▁The ▁disadv antage ▁of ▁regular ▁deep ▁drawing ▁is ▁that ▁expensive ▁tools ▁consisting ▁of ▁an ▁upper ▁and ▁lower ▁mold ▁are ▁needed . ▁Once ▁these ▁tools ▁have ▁been ▁made , ▁the ▁variable ▁costs ▁are ▁low , ▁which ▁makes ▁regular ▁deep ▁drawing ▁very ▁suitable ▁for ▁large ▁and ▁very ▁large ▁numbers ▁of ▁products . ▁ ▁Techn ique ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁rubber ▁pad ▁forming ▁process ▁only ▁a ▁mill ed ▁lower ▁die ▁is ▁required ▁on ▁which ▁a ▁metal ▁plate ▁is ▁placed . ▁After wards , ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁die ▁is ▁pressed ▁in ▁the ▁plate ▁with ▁the ▁rubber ▁mold . ▁In ▁most ▁cases , ▁the ▁cont our , ▁hole ▁patterns ▁and ▁the ▁like ▁will ▁be ▁cut ▁with ▁a ▁ 3 D ▁laser ▁cut ter . ▁ ▁The ▁simplicity ▁of ▁the ▁rubber ▁press ▁tool ▁causes ▁tool ing ▁costs ▁to ▁be ▁around ▁ 8 5 ▁to ▁ 9 0 %
|
▁lower ▁than ▁those ▁of ▁regular ▁deep ▁drawing ▁while ▁the ▁variable ▁costs ▁are ▁higher . ▁This ▁combination ▁makes ▁rubber ▁pad ▁pressing ▁very ▁suitable ▁for ▁smaller ▁and ▁medium - sized ▁series ▁( up ▁to ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 - 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁pieces ▁per ▁year ), ▁even ▁though ▁traditional ▁cutting , ▁l ace , ▁wel ding , ▁finishing ▁etc . ▁is ▁used ▁more ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁unf amiliar ity ▁with ▁rubber ▁pad ▁forming . ▁ ▁Rub ber ▁pad ▁forming ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁production ▁lines ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁Up ▁to ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁all ▁sheet ▁metal ▁parts ▁in ▁the ▁a eros pace ▁industry ▁are ▁fabric ated ▁using ▁this ▁process . ▁The ▁most ▁relevant ▁applications ▁are ▁indeed ▁in ▁the ▁a eros pace ▁field . ▁It ▁is ▁frequently ▁used ▁in ▁pro tot yp ing ▁shops ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁kitchen ware . ▁For ▁a ▁decade , ▁rubber ▁pad ▁pressing ▁has ▁developed ▁greatly ▁into ▁a ▁widely ▁used ▁technology ▁for ▁many ▁industrial ▁applications . ▁ ▁Press ing ▁power ▁▁ ▁En orm ous ▁pressing ▁forces ▁are ▁required ▁for ▁the ▁rubber ▁press es ▁to ▁work . ▁In ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁there ▁are ▁several ▁rubber ▁pad ▁press es , ▁of ▁which ▁the ▁largest ▁one ▁has ▁a ▁press ▁force ▁of ▁no ▁less ▁than ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁tons ▁with ▁a ▁maximum ▁surface ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 . 1 0 x 2 . 2 0 m , ▁these ▁press es ▁are ▁used ▁for ▁very ▁diverse ▁industrial ▁applications . ▁ ▁World wide , ▁press es
|
▁are ▁in ▁use ▁up ▁to ▁about ▁ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁ton nes . ▁ ▁Pro s ▁and ▁cons ▁ ▁In ▁summary , ▁the ▁benefits ▁of ▁rubber ▁pad ▁pressing ▁are : ▁ ▁Short ▁time ▁to ▁market ▁through ▁simple ▁tools ▁ ▁Low ▁tool ing ▁costs ▁ ▁Excell ent ▁for ▁low ▁and ▁medium ▁numbers ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁rubber , ▁a ▁pol ished ▁or ▁sharp ened ▁surface ▁remains ▁und am aged ▁ ▁Su itable ▁for ▁steel , ▁stain less ▁steel , ▁alumin um ▁etc . ▁up ▁to ▁a ▁thickness ▁of ▁about ▁ 4 mm ▁And ▁the ▁disadv ant ages : ▁ ▁For ▁very ▁large ▁numbers ▁too ▁labor able ▁so ▁too ▁expensive ▁ ▁Some what ▁less ▁freedom ▁in ▁form ▁compared ▁to ▁the ▁regular ▁deep ▁drawing ▁process ▁ ▁In ▁most ▁cases ▁not ▁suitable ▁for ▁sheet ▁thickness es ▁greater ▁than ▁ 4 mm . ▁ ▁Definition ▁ ▁Rub ber ▁pad ▁forming ▁can ▁be ▁accomplished ▁in ▁many ▁different ▁ways , ▁and ▁as ▁technology ▁has ▁advanced , ▁so ▁have ▁the ▁applications ▁for ▁this ▁simple ▁process . ▁In ▁general , ▁an ▁el astic ▁upper ▁die , ▁usually ▁made ▁of ▁rubber , ▁is ▁connected ▁to ▁a ▁hyd ra ul ic ▁press . ▁A ▁rigid ▁lower ▁die , ▁often ▁called ▁a ▁form ▁block , ▁provides ▁the ▁mold ▁for ▁the ▁sheet ed ▁metal ▁to ▁be ▁formed ▁to . ▁Because ▁the ▁upper ▁( m ale ) ▁die ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁with ▁separate ▁lower ▁( fem ale ) ▁dies , ▁the ▁process ▁is ▁relatively ▁cheap ▁and ▁flexible . ▁The ▁worked ▁metal ▁is ▁not
|
▁worn ▁as ▁quickly ▁as ▁in ▁more ▁conventional ▁processes ▁such ▁as ▁deep ▁drawing , ▁however , ▁rubber ▁p ads ▁ex ert ▁less ▁pressure ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁circumstances ▁as ▁non - el astic ▁parts , ▁which ▁may ▁lead ▁to ▁less ▁definition ▁in ▁forming , ▁and ▁rubber ▁p ads ▁wear ▁more ▁quickly ▁than ▁steel ▁parts . ▁ ▁The ▁Gu er in ▁process ▁ ▁The ▁Gu er in ▁process , ▁also ▁called ▁Gu er in ▁St amp ing , ▁is ▁a ▁manufacturing ▁process ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁sh aping ▁of ▁sheet ▁met als . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁oldest ▁and ▁most ▁basic ▁of ▁the ▁production ▁rubber - pad ▁forming ▁processes . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁by ▁Henry ▁Gu er in , ▁an ▁employee ▁of ▁the ▁Douglas ▁Air craft ▁Co . ▁in ▁California . ▁ ▁There after , ▁it ▁was ▁used ▁extens ively ▁by ▁all ▁major ▁aircraft ▁manufacturers ▁to ▁shape ▁the ▁many ▁complex ▁shapes ▁inher ent ▁in ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁Vari ants ▁and ▁similar ▁processes ▁ ▁Deep ▁drawing ▁H ydro forming ▁ ▁V erson - Whe el on ▁process ▁ ▁Mar form ▁process ▁ ▁H ydro b uck ling ▁ ▁A quad raw ▁hyd ra ul ic ▁process ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Met al ▁forming <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 6 th ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Copa ▁Am érica ▁de ▁C icl ismo ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 8 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brazil . ▁N il ce u ▁ ▁Sant os ▁(
|
Sc ott ) ▁repeated ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁victory , ▁beating ▁Rodr igo ▁Brit o ▁( S ão ▁Ca et ano ) ▁and ▁H é ctor ▁Fig ue ir as ▁( S ão ▁Ca et ano ) ▁in ▁a ▁bunch ▁sprint . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁cycl ing news ▁ ▁Category : Cop a ▁Am érica ▁de ▁C icl ismo ▁Copa ▁Copa <0x0A> </s> ▁Sz aci ły ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Dob rz yn ie wo ▁Du że , ▁within ▁B iał yst ok ▁County , ▁Pod l ask ie ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁north - e astern ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁north ▁of ▁Dob rz yn ie wo ▁Du że ▁and ▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁B iał yst ok . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁B iał yst ok ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Gu j ran w ala ▁C anton ment ▁railway ▁station ▁( U r du ▁and ▁) ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Gu j ran w ala ▁cant on ment ▁area , ▁Gu j ran w ala ▁district ▁of ▁Pun j ab ▁province , ▁Pakistan . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁Pakistan ▁ ▁Pakistan ▁Rail ways ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Web ▁Site ▁of ▁Pakistan ▁Rail ways ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁Gu j ran w ala ▁District ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁on ▁Kar achi – P
|
esh aw ar ▁Line ▁( ML ▁ 1 ) ▁Category : G uj ran w ala <0x0A> </s> ▁Di éd ou g ou ▁is ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁Cer cle ▁of ▁K out ial a ▁in ▁the ▁S ik asso ▁Region ▁of ▁southern ▁Mal i . ▁The ▁commune ▁includes ▁ 4 ▁villages ▁and ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 4 7 ▁square ▁kilom eters . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁census ▁it ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 4 , 4 4 9 . ▁The ▁administrative ▁centre ▁( che f - lie u ) ▁is ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁K ou wo ▁which ▁lies ▁ 6 7 km ▁west ▁of ▁K out ial a . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁. ▁ ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁Mal i <0x0A> </s> ▁F are ▁ev asion ▁or ▁fare ▁dod ging , ▁F are ▁violation ▁rarely ▁called ▁ticket ▁ev asion , ▁is ▁the ▁act ▁of ▁travelling ▁on ▁public ▁transport ▁without ▁paying ▁by ▁deliberately ▁not ▁purchasing ▁a ▁required ▁ticket ▁to ▁travel ▁( h aving ▁had ▁the ▁chance ▁to ▁do ▁so ). ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁problem ▁in ▁many ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁world , ▁and ▁revenue ▁protection ▁officers ▁and ▁ticket ▁barriers , ▁man ned ▁or ▁automatic , ▁are ▁in ▁place ▁to ▁ensure ▁only ▁those ▁with ▁valid ▁tickets ▁may ▁access ▁the ▁transport . ▁The ▁term ▁fare ▁avoid ance ▁is ▁sometimes ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁e up hem istic ▁syn onym ▁and ▁sometimes ▁used ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁law ful ▁use ▁of ▁much ▁cheaper ▁tickets . ▁ ▁F
|
are ▁ev asion ▁and ▁fare ▁fraud ▁may ▁or ▁may ▁not ▁be ▁a ▁crime ▁depending ▁on ▁which ▁juris dict ions . ▁The ▁fare ▁not ▁paid , ▁compared ▁to ▁potential ▁pen alties ▁and ▁hass le , ▁is ▁generally ▁considered ▁" not ▁worth ▁it ". ▁ ▁Method s ▁ ▁On ▁stations ▁▁ ▁One ▁method ▁of ▁fare ▁ev asion ▁is ▁jumping ▁or ▁climbing ▁over ▁the ▁turn st iles ▁which ▁bar ▁the ▁entry way ▁into ▁a ▁sub way ▁system ; ▁hence ▁the ▁term , ▁" turn st ile ▁jumping ". ▁F are - d od gers ▁also ▁can ▁walk ▁right ▁behind ▁a ▁passenger ▁with ▁a ▁valid ▁ticket ▁before ▁closing ▁of ▁some ▁types ▁of ▁ticket ▁barrier ▁gates ▁( this ▁called ▁tail g ating ). ▁Other ▁methods ▁include ▁adults ▁traveling ▁on ▁children ' s ▁tickets , ▁or ▁using ▁discount ed ▁tickets ▁or ▁free ▁passes ▁that ▁the ▁passenger ▁is ▁not ▁entitled ▁to . ▁They ▁also ▁can ▁purchase ▁a ▁valid ▁ticket ▁for ▁a ▁shorter ▁journey , ▁at ▁a ▁much ▁lower ▁price ▁than ▁their ▁actual ▁journey ▁to ▁travel ▁to ▁cities ▁where ▁the ▁target ▁station ▁is ▁also ▁served ▁by ▁many ▁local ▁services . ▁ ▁However , ▁ticket ▁barriers ▁are ▁often ▁watched ▁by ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁and ▁guards , ▁and ▁in ▁that ▁case ▁fare - d od gers ▁may ▁climb ▁over ▁f ences ▁of ▁a ▁station ▁or ▁simply ▁walk ▁alongside ▁railway ▁tracks ▁or ▁use ▁passes ▁for ▁railway ▁staff ▁to ▁enter ▁or ▁exit ▁the ▁station ▁without ▁passing ▁through ▁ticket ▁barriers . ▁In ▁some ▁cases ▁fare - d od gers ▁can ▁break ▁and ▁destroy ▁f ences ▁around
|
▁a ▁train ▁station ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁passage . ▁ ▁On ▁vehicles ▁▁ ▁On ▁vehicles ▁fare - d od gers ▁usually ▁try ▁to ▁avoid ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁or ▁conduct ors . ▁On ▁comm uter ▁trains ▁with ▁a ▁sufficient ▁number ▁of ▁passenger ▁coaches ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁common ▁methods ▁is ▁walking ▁away ▁from ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁to ▁other ▁coaches ▁and ▁running ▁on ▁the ▁platform ▁in ▁the ▁opposite ▁direction ▁to ▁the ▁coaches ▁that ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁already ▁passed . ▁On ▁short ▁comm uter ▁trains ▁or ▁especially ▁inter city ▁and ▁long - distance ▁passenger ▁trains ▁fare - d od gers ▁can ▁hide ▁from ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁in ▁toile ts , ▁lug gage ▁comp art ments , ▁staff ▁rooms ▁and ▁other ▁utility ▁ch ambers ▁inside ▁the ▁train . ▁ ▁Another ▁issue ▁occurs ▁on ▁the ▁bus ▁or ▁tram ; ▁passengers ▁either ▁by pass ▁the ▁bus ▁driver ▁or ▁enter ▁through ▁the ▁rear ▁door ▁of ▁the ▁vehicle . ▁In ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Bus ▁system ▁which ▁causes ▁fare ▁l iss es ▁millions ▁of ▁dollars ▁a ▁year . ▁If ▁a ▁bus ▁or ▁tram ▁has ▁a ▁turn st ile ▁installed ▁in ▁it , ▁fare - d od gers ▁can ▁jump ▁over ▁or ▁craw l ▁under ▁the ▁turn st ile . ▁In ▁most ▁countries ▁passengers ▁board ▁a ▁bus ▁from ▁any ▁door , ▁validate ▁their ▁tickets ▁at ▁machines ▁and ▁have ▁no ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁driver , ▁thus ▁increasing ▁the ▁potential ▁for ▁fare ▁ev asion . ▁ ▁Pass engers ▁can ▁also ▁arrange ▁for ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁to ▁allow ▁them ▁to ▁travel ▁by ▁offering ▁b rib es
|
. ▁ ▁A ▁dangerous ▁method ▁of ▁fare ▁ev asion ▁is ▁the ▁riding ▁on ▁exterior ▁parts ▁of ▁a ▁vehicle ▁( on ▁a ▁ro oft ops , ▁rear ▁parts , ▁between ▁cars ▁or ▁underneath ▁a ▁vehicle ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁" veh icle ▁surf ing " ▁( train ▁surf ing , ▁car ▁surf ing ). ▁Another ▁method ▁is ▁hiding ▁inside ▁the ▁utility ▁cells ▁under ▁a ▁railway ▁car . ▁F are ▁dod gers ▁can ▁practice ▁this ▁type ▁of ▁travelling ▁unless ▁it ▁is ▁very ▁hard ▁or ▁impossible ▁to ▁hide ▁from ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁inside ▁a ▁vehicle . ▁ ▁Coun ter me asures ▁ ▁Technical ▁devices ▁ ▁T icket ▁barriers ▁▁ ▁Turn st iles ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁ob struct ▁invalid ▁access . ▁Since ▁most ▁fare - d od gers ▁know ▁how ▁to ▁pass ▁a ▁gate ▁without ▁paying , ▁turn st iles ▁may ▁be ▁replaced ▁with ▁ticket ▁barriers ▁in ▁a ▁less ▁easily ▁trans vers ed ▁form , ▁or ▁may ▁be ▁integrated ▁more ▁closely ▁with ▁an ▁electronic ▁ticket ▁system . ▁T icket ▁barriers ▁can ▁also ▁require ▁the ▁trav ellers ▁to ▁show ▁their ▁tickets ▁upon ▁ex iting . ▁Typ ically ▁turn st iles ▁are ▁used ▁at ▁train ▁stations , ▁however ▁some ▁city ▁transit ▁systems ▁install ▁turn st iles ▁inside ▁city ▁street ▁vehicles , ▁for ▁example ▁bus es ▁and ▁tr ams . ▁ ▁Pan ic ▁bars ▁ ▁Pan ic ▁bars ▁on ▁emergency ▁exit ▁doors ▁are ▁in ▁all ▁stations ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Sub way . ▁Pan ic ▁bar ▁al arms ▁have ▁been ▁sil enced ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 4
|
▁due ▁to ▁regular ity ▁of ▁non - em erg ency ▁passenger ▁use . ▁▁ ▁Pan ic ▁bars ▁were ▁also ▁installed ▁on ▁Massachusetts ▁Bay ▁Transport ation ▁Authority ▁( MB TA ) ▁in ▁Boston ▁and ▁on ▁Chicago ▁Trans it ▁Authority ▁( CT A ). ▁This ▁provided ▁an ▁imp et us ▁for ▁renew ed ▁interests ▁in ▁ev asion , ▁because ▁ev aders ▁could ▁enter ▁through ▁gates ▁when ▁already ▁opened ▁by ▁ex iting ▁passengers . ▁ ▁Cl osed ▁circuit ▁television ▁ ▁Cl osed - circ uit ▁television ▁( C CT V ) ▁monitoring ▁is ▁used ▁by ▁many ▁public ▁transport ▁companies ▁to ▁combat ▁v andal ism ▁and ▁other ▁public ▁order ▁crimes . ▁Using ▁C CT V ▁to ▁app re hend ▁fare - d od gers ▁in ▁the ▁act ▁requires ▁full - time ▁human ▁monitoring ▁of ▁the ▁cameras . ▁ ▁Soph istic ated ▁C CT V ▁systems ▁discrim inate ▁the ▁scenes ▁to ▁detect ▁and ▁seg reg ate ▁suspicious ▁behaviour ▁from ▁numerous ▁screens ▁and ▁to ▁enable ▁automatic ▁alert ing . ▁However , ▁the ▁att ent iveness ▁of ▁the ▁surveillance ▁personnel ▁may ▁be ▁threatened ▁by ▁false ▁rel iance ▁on ▁autom at ics . ▁ ▁F are ▁control ▁staff ▁ ▁T icket ▁inspect ors ▁▁ ▁With ▁manual ▁fare ▁collection , ▁fare ▁ev asion ▁can ▁become ▁more ▁difficult ▁and ▁st ig mat izing ▁for ▁the ▁fare - d od ging ▁trav eller , ▁especially ▁usage ▁of ▁discount ed ▁tickets ▁( for ▁example ▁child , ▁student ▁or ▁pension er ▁tickets ) ▁by ▁passengers ▁who ▁are ▁not ▁allowed ▁to ▁use ▁it . ▁T icket ▁inspect
|
ors ▁can ▁verify ▁tickets ▁of ▁passengers ▁during ▁the ▁trip ▁or ▁during ▁a ▁board ing ▁on ▁vehicle ▁( the ▁last ▁form ▁of ▁fare ▁control ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁practice ▁on ▁long - distance ▁rail ▁transport ). ▁In ▁some ▁cases ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁are ▁assigned ▁to ▁a ▁certain ▁vehicle ▁during ▁its ▁trip ▁on ▁entire ▁route ▁( us ually ▁on ▁long - distance ▁or ▁some ▁comm uter ▁transport ) ▁and ▁often , ▁in ▁another ▁cases ▁they ▁randomly ▁check ▁multiple ▁vehicles ▁( us ually ▁city ▁public ▁transport ▁and ▁some ▁comm uter ▁transport ). ▁Trans it ▁systems ▁which ▁use ▁honor ▁systems ▁under ▁normal ▁circumstances ▁may ▁employ ▁staff ▁to ▁collect ▁fa res ▁at ▁times ▁and ▁places ▁where ▁heavy ▁use ▁can ▁be ▁expected ▁- ▁for ▁example , ▁at ▁stations ▁serving ▁a ▁stadium ▁after ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁a ▁major ▁sport ing ▁event . ▁ ▁T icket ▁inspect ors ▁can ▁also ▁watch ▁for ▁turn st iles ▁at ▁train ▁stations ▁to ▁avoid ▁un authorized ▁passing ▁without ▁a ▁valid ▁ticket ▁and ▁using ▁discount ed ▁tickets . ▁T icket ▁inspect ors ▁may ▁or ▁may ▁not ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁use ▁force ▁to ▁prevent ▁or ▁app re hend ▁fare - d od gers . ▁ ▁Un iform ed ▁guards ▁ ▁The ▁presence ▁of ▁uniform ed ▁guards ▁can ▁act ▁as ▁a ▁deter rent ▁to ▁fare ▁ev asion , ▁especially ▁un authorized ▁passing ▁through ▁turn st iles . ▁Gu ards ▁may ▁or ▁may ▁not ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁use ▁force ▁to ▁prevent ▁or ▁app re hend ▁fare - d od gers . ▁ ▁Police ▁officers ▁ ▁Police ▁officers ▁can ▁watch ▁turn
|
st iles ▁and ▁escort ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁in ▁vehicles , ▁and ▁unlike ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁and ▁guards ▁they ▁are ▁allowed ▁to ▁use ▁force ▁to ▁prevent ▁or ▁app re hend ▁fare - d od gers . ▁It ▁is ▁sometimes ▁common ▁for ▁police ▁officers ▁dressed ▁in ▁plain ▁clothes ▁to ▁patrol ▁sub way ▁stations . ▁As ▁such , ▁they ▁have ▁all ▁the ▁juris diction ▁that ▁normal ▁officers ▁have ▁when ▁polic ing ▁the ▁transit ▁system . ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁trains ▁in ▁Australia ▁use ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁ticket ▁inspect ors ▁and ▁police ▁patrol s ▁to ▁enforce ▁compliance ▁with ▁fare ▁requirements . ▁These ▁police ▁are ▁part ▁of ▁N SW ▁Police ▁Force ' s ▁transport ▁command ▁and ▁are ▁equipped ▁with ▁smart ▁card ▁readers ▁to ▁inspect ▁tickets , ▁N SW ▁trains ▁has ▁eliminated ▁paper ▁tickets ▁completely ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Pen al ization ▁ ▁Pen al ty ▁fare ▁▁ ▁A ▁penalty ▁fare ▁is ▁a ▁special ▁fare ▁charged ▁at ▁a ▁higher ▁than ▁normal ▁price ▁because ▁the ▁purch aser ▁did ▁not ▁comply ▁with ▁the ▁normal ▁ticket ▁purchasing ▁rules . ▁Typ ically ▁penalty ▁fa res ▁are ▁in cur red ▁by ▁passengers ▁failing ▁to ▁purchase ▁a ▁ticket ▁before ▁travelling ▁or ▁by ▁purchasing ▁an ▁incorrect ▁ticket ▁which ▁does ▁not ▁cover ▁their ▁whole ▁journey . ▁ ▁Pen al ty ▁fa res ▁are ▁not ▁fin es , ▁and ▁are ▁used ▁when ▁no ▁legal ▁basis ▁for ▁prosecut ing ▁fare ▁ev asion ▁exists , ▁prosecut ion ▁is ▁deemed ▁too ▁dr astic ▁and ▁cost ly , ▁or ▁is ▁unlikely ▁to ▁result ▁in ▁conviction . ▁ ▁Civil
|
▁and ▁criminal ▁pen alties ▁ ▁On ▁some ▁systems , ▁fare ▁ev asion ▁is ▁considered ▁a ▁mis d eme an or . ▁In ▁such ▁cases , ▁police ▁officers ▁and ▁in ▁some ▁cases ▁transit ▁employees ▁are ▁authorized ▁to ▁issue ▁tickets ▁which ▁usually ▁carry ▁a ▁fine . ▁Then , ▁charged ▁persons ▁can ▁then ▁be ▁tried ▁in ▁court . ▁Re peat ▁viol ators ▁and ▁severe ▁cases , ▁such ▁as ▁ticket ▁for gery , ▁are ▁pun ished ▁more ▁severely ▁and ▁sometimes ▁involve ▁inc ar cer ation . ▁We alth y ▁off enders ▁face ▁st iffer ▁pen alties ▁than ▁poor er ▁off enders . ▁ ▁Ev asion ▁fin es ▁vary . ▁On ▁Met ropolitan ▁Atlanta ▁Rap id ▁Trans it ▁Authority ▁( M ART A ), ▁ev asion ▁fin es ▁range ▁from ▁$ 8 5 ▁to ▁$ 2 3 5 , ▁whereas ▁they ▁" start ▁at ▁$ 5 0 " ▁on ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Municipal ▁Railway . ▁In ▁Boston , ▁prior ▁to ▁Charlie Card ▁A FC ▁implementation ▁and ▁conversion ▁of ▁booth ▁cler ks ▁to ▁ro ving ▁agents , ▁MB TA ▁quietly ▁asked ▁Massachusetts ▁State ▁Legisl ature ▁to ▁make ▁ev as ions ▁a ▁civil ▁offense ▁pun ish able ▁by ▁progressive ▁fin es ▁($ 1 5 ▁first ▁offense ; ▁$ 1 0 0 ▁second ; ▁$ 2 5 0 ▁third ▁or ▁subsequent ). ▁On ▁the ▁New ark ▁Light ▁Rail , ▁which ▁uses ▁a ▁proof - of - payment ▁system , ▁the ▁fine ▁was ▁initially ▁$ 7 5 , ▁but ▁increased ▁to ▁$ 1 0 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 .
|
▁ ▁In ▁the ▁US , ▁the ▁MB TA , ▁C TA , ▁and ▁Port ▁Authority ▁Trans - H ud son ▁( PATH ) ▁also ▁use ▁sophisticated ▁camera ▁equipment . ▁ ▁The ▁MB TA ▁even ▁app re hend ed ▁v and als ▁dam aging ▁A FC ▁equipment ▁while ▁ev ading , ▁and ▁published ▁the ▁video ▁footage . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁F are box ▁recovery ▁ratio ▁St ow away ▁Public ▁transport ▁security ▁Pro hib ited ▁activities ▁on ▁public ▁transport ▁British ▁Transport ▁Police ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Trans it ▁fare ▁ev asion ▁Pl anka . nu ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Public ▁transport ▁fare ▁collection ▁Category : Ad ministr ative ▁law ▁Category : C rim inal ▁law <0x0A> </s> ▁E og han ▁H ic key ▁( born ▁ 2 9 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁in ▁Dublin , ▁Ireland ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁professional ▁rugby ▁union ▁player ▁who ▁played ▁for ▁seven ▁professional ▁clubs ▁throughout ▁four ▁countries . ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 – 0 6 ▁Celt ic ▁League ▁H ic key ▁played ▁for ▁Le in ster , ▁before ▁transfer ring ▁to ▁Mun ster ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 – 0 7 ▁Celt ic ▁League . ▁Prior ▁to ▁this , ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁U CD ▁in ▁the ▁All - I re land ▁League . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁he ▁transferred ▁to ▁London ▁Irish ▁on ▁a ▁two - year ▁contract ▁before ▁joining ▁Was ps ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁he ▁returned ▁home ▁to
|
▁Dublin ▁to ▁play ▁with ▁L ans d ow ne ▁in ▁the ▁All ▁Ireland ▁League , ▁before ▁joining ▁up ▁with ▁the ▁Italian ▁club ▁Pet rar ca ▁Pad ova ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 → 2 0 1 2 ▁season . ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 2 → 2 0 1 5 , ▁H ic key ▁played ▁with ▁Mass y ▁based ▁in ▁south ▁west ▁Paris ▁during ▁which ▁time ▁he ▁completed ▁his ▁third ▁university ▁degree . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁represented ▁Ireland ▁Schools , ▁the ▁Ireland ▁Univers ities , ▁Ireland ▁U 2 1 ▁and ▁Ireland ▁A , ▁and ▁has ▁also ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Cup ▁and ▁the ▁Celt ic ▁League . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁playing ▁career , ▁H ic key ▁also ▁completed ▁a ▁B Sc ▁in ▁Statistics ▁from ▁University ▁College ▁Dublin , ▁an ▁M Sc ▁in ▁Cl imate ▁Change ▁Imp acts ▁& ▁S ustain ability ▁from ▁Brun el ▁University ▁London , ▁and ▁an ▁M BA ▁from ▁H EC ▁Paris . ▁In ▁addition , ▁H ic key ▁also ▁holds ▁a ▁Grad uate ▁Di pl oma ▁in ▁Business ▁Studies , ▁ ▁a ▁Cert ificate ▁in ▁Advanced ▁Management ▁and ▁a ▁Cert ificate ▁in ▁Mer gers ▁& ▁Ac quis itions . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁www . the 4 2 . ie / e og han - h ic key ▁ ▁www . its rug by . fr ▁ ▁esp n . co . uk ▁ ▁www . uc d . ie / s port ▁ ▁www . p rem iers hip rug by . com ▁
|
▁www . sk ys ports . com ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁H uff ington ▁Post ▁ ▁The 4 2 . ie ▁ ▁Twitter ▁ ▁Mun ster ▁Profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : R ug by ▁union ▁fly - hal ves ▁Category : Ir ish ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : Was ps ▁R FC ▁players ▁Category : W or cester ▁War riors ▁players ▁Category : London ▁Irish ▁players ▁Category : M un ster ▁Rug by ▁players ▁Category : Le in ster ▁Rug by ▁players ▁Category : Univers ity ▁College ▁Dublin ▁R . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁University ▁College ▁Dublin <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁software ▁engineering , ▁the ▁module ▁pattern ▁is ▁a ▁design ▁pattern ▁used ▁to ▁implement ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁software ▁modules , ▁defined ▁by ▁mod ular ▁programming , ▁in ▁a ▁programming ▁language ▁with ▁in complete ▁direct ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁concept . ▁ ▁This ▁pattern ▁can ▁be ▁implemented ▁in ▁several ▁ways ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁host ▁programming ▁language , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁sing leton ▁design ▁pattern , ▁object - oriented ▁static ▁members ▁in ▁a ▁class ▁and ▁proced ural ▁global ▁functions . ▁In ▁Python , ▁the ▁pattern ▁is ▁built ▁into ▁the ▁language , ▁and ▁each ▁. py ▁file ▁is ▁automatically ▁a ▁module . ▁ ▁Definition ▁& ▁Str ucture ▁▁ ▁The ▁module ▁software ▁design ▁pattern ▁provides ▁the ▁features ▁and ▁synt actic ▁structure ▁defined ▁by ▁the ▁mod ular ▁programming ▁parad ig m ▁to ▁programming ▁languages ▁that ▁have ▁in complete ▁support
|
▁for ▁the ▁concept . ▁ ▁Con cept ▁▁ ▁In ▁software ▁development , ▁source ▁code ▁can ▁be ▁organized ▁into ▁components ▁that ▁accomplish ▁a ▁particular ▁function ▁or ▁contain ▁everything ▁necessary ▁to ▁accomplish ▁a ▁particular ▁task . ▁Mod ular ▁programming ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁those ▁approaches . ▁ ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁a ▁" module " ▁is ▁not ▁fully ▁supported ▁in ▁many ▁common ▁programming ▁languages . ▁ ▁Features ▁▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁consider ▁that ▁a ▁Sing leton ▁or ▁any ▁group ▁of ▁related ▁code ▁implements ▁this ▁pattern , ▁the ▁following ▁features ▁must ▁be ▁supplied : ▁▁ ▁A ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁code ▁must ▁have ▁global ▁or ▁public ▁access ▁and ▁be ▁designed ▁for ▁use ▁as ▁global / public ▁code . ▁Additional ▁private ▁or ▁protected ▁code ▁can ▁ ▁be ▁executed ▁by ▁the ▁main ▁public ▁code . ▁ ▁A ▁module ▁must ▁have ▁an ▁initial izer ▁function ▁that ▁is ▁equivalent ▁to , ▁or ▁complement ary ▁to ▁an ▁object ▁constructor ▁method . ▁This ▁feature ▁is ▁not ▁supported ▁by ▁regular ▁names paces . ▁ ▁A ▁module ▁must ▁have ▁a ▁final izer ▁function ▁that ▁is ▁equivalent ▁to , ▁or ▁complement ary ▁to ▁an ▁object ▁destruct or ▁method . ▁This ▁feature ▁is ▁not ▁supported ▁by ▁regular ▁names paces . ▁ ▁Support ing ▁members ▁may ▁require ▁initialization / final ization ▁code ▁that ▁is ▁executed ▁by ▁the ▁module ' s ▁initial izer / final izer ▁function . ▁ ▁Most ▁members ▁are ▁functions ▁that ▁perform ▁operations ▁on ▁elements ▁external ▁to ▁the ▁class , ▁provided ▁as ▁arguments ▁by ▁calling ▁functions . ▁Such ▁functions ▁are ▁" util ities ", ▁" tools " ▁or
|
▁" l ibraries ". ▁ ▁Implement ations ▁▁ ▁The ▁sem ant ics ▁and ▁syntax ▁of ▁each ▁programming ▁language ▁may ▁affect ▁the ▁implementation ▁of ▁this ▁pattern . ▁ ▁Object - oriented ▁programming ▁languages ▁ ▁Java ▁▁ ▁Although ▁Java ▁supports ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁a ▁namespace , ▁a ▁reduced ▁version ▁of ▁a ▁module , ▁some ▁scenarios ▁benefit ▁from ▁employ ing ▁the ▁design ▁pattern ▁instead ▁of ▁using ▁names paces . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁example ▁uses ▁the ▁sing leton ▁pattern . ▁ ▁Definition ▁▁ ▁package ▁cons oles ; ▁ ▁import ▁java . io . InputStream ; ▁import ▁java . io . Print Stream ; ▁ ▁public ▁final ▁class ▁Main Module ▁{ ▁▁▁ ▁private ▁static ▁Main Module ▁sing leton ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁Input Stream ▁input ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁ ▁public ▁Print Stream ▁output ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁ ▁public ▁Print Stream ▁error ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁ ▁private ▁Main Module () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁does ▁nothing ▁on ▁purpose ▁! !! ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁Main Module ▁get Sing leton () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁if ▁( Main Module . sing leton ▁== ▁null ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Main Module . sing leton ▁= ▁new ▁Main Module (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁return ▁Main Module . sing leton ; ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// System . out . println (" cons oles :: prepare (); "); ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁this . input ▁= ▁new ▁Input Stream (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . output ▁= ▁new ▁Print Stream (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . error ▁= ▁new ▁Print Stream
|
(); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁un prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . output ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . input ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . error ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// System . out . println (" cons oles :: un prepare (); "); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁print New Line () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁System . out . println (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁print String ( String ▁value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁System . out . print ( value ); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁print Integer ( int ▁value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁System . out . print ( value ); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁print Boolean ( boolean ▁value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁System . out . print ( value ); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁scan New Line () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁to - do : ▁... ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁scan String ( String ▁value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁to - do : ▁... ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁scan Integer ( int ▁value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁to - do : ▁... ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁scan Boolean ( boolean ▁value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁to - do : ▁... ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁ ▁} ▁ ▁Implement ation ▁▁ ▁import ▁cons oles .*; ▁ ▁class ▁Console Dem o ▁{ ▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁Main Module ▁console ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁void ▁prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁console ▁= ▁Main Module . get Sing leton (); ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁console .
|
prepare (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁void ▁un prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁console . un prepare (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁void ▁execute ( String [] ▁args ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁console . print String (" Hello ▁World "); ▁▁▁▁ ▁console . print New Line (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁console . scan New Line (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁void ▁main ( String [] ▁args ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁prepare (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁execute ( args ); ▁▁▁▁ ▁un prepare (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁} ▁ ▁C # ▁( C ▁Sh arp ▁. NET ) ▁▁ ▁C # , ▁like ▁Java , ▁supports ▁names paces ▁although ▁the ▁pattern ▁remains ▁useful ▁in ▁specific ▁cases . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁example ▁uses ▁the ▁sing leton ▁pattern . ▁ ▁Definition ▁▁ ▁using ▁System ; ▁using ▁System . IO ; ▁using ▁System . Text ; ▁ ▁namespace ▁Cons oles ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁sealed ▁class ▁Main Module ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁private ▁static ▁Main Module ▁Sing leton ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁Input Stream ▁input ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁Output Stream ▁output ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁Error Stream ▁error ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁Main Module ▁() ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁does ▁nothing ▁on ▁purpose ▁! !! ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁Main Module ▁Get Sing leton () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁if ▁( Main Module . Sing leton ▁== ▁null ) ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁Main Module . Sing leton ▁= ▁new ▁Main Module (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁return ▁Main Module . Sing leton ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
|
▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Pre pare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// System . WriteLine (" console :: prepare (); "); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁this . input ▁▁▁ ▁= ▁new ▁Input Stream (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁this . output ▁= ▁new ▁Output Stream (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁this . error ▁▁▁ ▁= ▁new ▁Error Stream (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Un prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁this . output ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁this . input ▁▁▁ ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁this . error ▁▁▁ ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// System . WriteLine (" console :: un prepare (); "); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Print New Line () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁System . Console . WriteLine (""); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Print String ( String ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁System . Console . Write ( Value ); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Print Integer ( Integer ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁System . Console . Write ( Value ); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Print Boolean ( Boolean ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁System . Console . Write ( Value ); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Sc an New Line () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁to - do : ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Sc an String ( String ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁to - do : ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Sc an Integer ( Integer ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁to - do : ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁void ▁Sc an Boolean ( Boolean ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
|
▁// ▁to - do : ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁} ▁ ▁Implement ation ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁class ▁Console Dem o ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁Cons oles . Main Module ▁Console ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁void ▁Pre pare () ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Console ▁= ▁Cons oles . Main Module . Get Sing leton (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁ ▁Console . Pre pare (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁void ▁Un prepare () ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Console . Un prepare (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁void ▁Ex ecute () ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Console . Print String (" Hello ▁World "); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Console . Print New Line (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Console . Scan New Line (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁public ▁static ▁void ▁Main () ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Pre pare (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Ex ecute ( args ); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Un prepare (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁ ▁Pro totype - based ▁programming ▁languages ▁ ▁JavaScript ▁ ▁JavaScript ▁is ▁commonly ▁used ▁to ▁autom ate ▁web ▁pages . ▁ ▁Definition ▁▁ ▁function ▁Console Class () ▁{ ▁▁ ▁var ▁Input ▁ ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁ ▁var ▁Output ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁ ▁var ▁Error ▁ ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁this . prepare ▁= ▁function () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . Input ▁ ▁= ▁new ▁Input Stream (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . Output ▁= ▁new ▁Output Stream (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . Error ▁ ▁= ▁new ▁Error Stream (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁this . un prepare ▁= ▁function () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . Input ▁ ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁ ▁this
|
. Output ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . Error ▁ ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁var ▁print New Line ▁= ▁function () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁prints ▁a ▁new ▁line ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁print String ▁= ▁function ( params ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁prints ▁parameters ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁print Integer ▁= ▁function ( params ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁prints ▁parameters ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁print Boolean ▁= ▁function ( params ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁prints ▁parameters ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁Sc an New Line ▁= ▁function () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁looks ▁for ▁a ▁new line ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁Sc an String ▁= ▁function ( params ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁inputs ▁data ▁into ▁parameters ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁var ▁Sc an Integer ▁= ▁function ( params ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁inputs ▁data ▁into ▁parameters ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁Sc an Boolean ▁= ▁function ( params ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁inputs ▁data ▁into ▁parameters ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁ ▁} ▁ ▁Implement ation ▁▁ ▁function ▁Console Dem o () ▁{ ▁▁ ▁var ▁Console ▁ ▁= ▁null ; ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁prepare ▁= ▁function () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁Console ▁ ▁= ▁new ▁Console Class (); ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Console . prepare (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁var ▁un prepare ▁= ▁function () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁Console . un prepare (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁run ▁= ▁function () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁Console . print String (" Hello ▁World "); ▁▁▁▁ ▁Console
|
. print New Line (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁var ▁main ▁= ▁function () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . prepare (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . run (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁this . un prepare (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁ ▁} ▁ ▁Pro ced ural ▁programming ▁languages ▁▁ ▁This ▁pattern ▁may ▁be ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁proced ural ▁extension ▁to ▁object - oriented ▁languages . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁proced ural ▁and ▁mod ular ▁programming ▁parad ig ms ▁are ▁often ▁used ▁together , ▁there ▁are ▁cases ▁where ▁a ▁proced ural ▁programming ▁language ▁may ▁not ▁fully ▁support ▁modules , ▁hence ▁requiring ▁a ▁design ▁pattern ▁implementation . ▁ ▁PHP ▁( pro ced ural ) ▁▁ ▁This ▁example ▁applies ▁to ▁proced ural ▁PHP ▁before ▁names paces ▁( int rodu ced ▁in ▁version ▁ 5 . 3 . 0 ). ▁It ▁is ▁recommended ▁that ▁each ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁module ▁is ▁given ▁a ▁prefix ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁filename ▁or ▁module ▁name ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁avoid ▁identifier ▁coll isions . ▁ ▁Definition ▁▁ ▁<? php ▁// ▁filename : ▁console . php ▁ ▁function ▁console _ prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁pre pa res ▁a ▁" console " ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁console _ un prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁unpre pa res ▁a ▁" console " ▁} ▁ ▁// ▁... ▁ ▁function ▁console _ print New Line () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁ou put s ▁a ▁new ▁line ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁console _ print String ( /* ▁String ▁*/ ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁prints ▁parameters ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁console _ print
|
Integer ( /* ▁Integer ▁*/ ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁prints ▁parameters ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁console _ print Boolean ( /* ▁Boolean ▁*/ ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁prints ▁parameters ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁console _ scan New Line () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁looks ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁line ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁console _ scan String ( /* ▁String ▁*/ ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁stores ▁data ▁into ▁parameters ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁console _ scan Integer ( /* ▁Integer ▁*/ ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁stores ▁data ▁into ▁parameters ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁console _ scan Boolean ( /* ▁Boolean ▁*/ ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁stores ▁data ▁into ▁parameters ▁} ▁ ▁Implement ation ▁▁ ▁// ▁filename : ▁cons ol ed em o . php ▁ ▁require _ once (" console . php "); ▁ ▁function ▁cons ol ed em o _ prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁console _ prepare (); ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁cons ol ed em o _ un prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁console _ un prepare (); ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁cons ol ed em o _ execute () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁console _ print String (" Hello ▁World "); ▁▁▁▁ ▁console _ print New Line (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁console _ scan New Line (); ▁} ▁ ▁function ▁cons ol ed em o _ main () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons ol ed em o _ prepare (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons ol ed em o _ execute (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons ol ed em o _ un prepare ();
|
▁} ▁ ▁C ▁▁ ▁Note ▁that ▁this ▁example ▁applies ▁to ▁proced ural ▁C ▁without ▁names paces . ▁It ▁is ▁recommended ▁that ▁each ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁module ▁is ▁given ▁a ▁prefix ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁filename ▁or ▁module ▁name ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁avoid ▁identifier ▁coll isions . ▁ ▁Definition ▁header ▁module ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁filename : ▁" cons oles . h " ▁▁▁ ▁# include ▁< std io . h > ▁▁ ▁# include ▁< string . h > ▁▁ ▁# include ▁< ct ype . h > ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ prepare (); ▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ un prepare (); ▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ print New Line (); ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ print String ( char * ▁Value ); ▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ print Integer ( int ▁Value ); ▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ print Boolean ( bool ▁Value ); ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ scan New Line (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ scan String ( char * ▁Value ); ▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ scan Integer ( int * ▁Value ); ▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ scan Boolean ( bool * ▁Value ); ▁ ▁Definition ▁body ▁module ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁filename : ▁" cons oles . c " ▁▁▁ ▁# include ▁< std io . h > ▁▁ ▁# include ▁< string . h > ▁▁ ▁# include ▁< ct ype . h > ▁▁ ▁# include ▁< cons oles . h > ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁pre
|
pa res ▁console ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ un prepare () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁code ▁that ▁unpre pa res ▁console ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ print New Line () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁printf ("\ n "); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ print String ( char * ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁ ▁printf ("% s ", ▁Value ); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ print Integer ( int ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁printf ("% d ", ▁& Value ); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ print Boolean ( bool ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁if ▁( Value ) ▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁ ▁printf (" true "); ▁ ▁} ▁ ▁else ▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁ ▁printf (" false "); ▁ ▁} ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ scan New Line () ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁get ch (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ scan String ( char * ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁scan f ("% s ", ▁Value ); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ scan Integer ( int * ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁scan f ("% d ", ▁Value ); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons oles _ scan Boolean ( bool * ▁Value ) ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁char ▁temp [ 5 1 2 ]; ▁▁▁▁ ▁scan f ("% s ", ▁temp ); ▁▁▁ ▁* Value ▁= ▁( strcmp ( Temp , ▁" true ") ▁== ▁ 0 ); ▁▁ ▁} ▁ ▁Implement ation ▁▁▁▁ ▁// ▁filename : ▁" cons ol ed em o . c " ▁▁▁
|
▁# include ▁< std io . h > ▁▁ ▁# include ▁< string . h > ▁▁ ▁# include ▁< ct ype . h > ▁▁ ▁# include ▁< cons oles . h > ▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons ol ed em o _ prepare () ▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles _ prepare (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁void ▁cons ol ed em o _ un prepare () ▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles _ un prepare (); ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁int ▁cons ol ed em o _ execute () ▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles _ print String (" Hello ▁World "); ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles _ print New Line (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles _ scan New Line (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁return ▁ 0 ; ▁▁ ▁} ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁int ▁main () ▁▁ ▁{ ▁▁▁▁ ▁Error Code ▁Result ▁= ▁ 0 ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁cons ol ed em o _ prepare (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁Error Code ▁= ▁cons ol ed em o _ execute (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons ol ed em o _ un prepare (); ▁▁▁ ▁return ▁Error Code ; ▁▁ ▁} ▁ ▁Pro ced ural ▁Pas cal ▁▁ ▁Note ▁that ▁this ▁example ▁applies ▁to ▁proced ural ▁non - mod ular ▁Pas cal . ▁Many ▁Pas cal ▁dialect s ▁have ▁namespace ▁support , ▁called ▁" unit ▁( s ) ". ▁Some ▁dialect s ▁also ▁support ▁initialization ▁and ▁final ization . ▁ ▁If ▁names paces ▁are ▁not ▁supported , ▁it ▁is ▁recommended ▁to ▁give ▁all ▁member ▁names ▁a ▁prefix ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁filename ▁or ▁module ▁name ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁prevent ▁identifier ▁coll isions
|
. ▁ ▁Definition ▁▁▁▁ ▁unit ▁cons oles ; ▁▁ ▁(* ▁filename : ▁" cons oles . pas " ▁*) ▁▁▁ ▁uses ▁cr t ; ▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁prepare (); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁(* ▁code ▁that ▁pre pa res ▁console ▁*) ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁un prepare (); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁(* ▁code ▁that ▁unpre pa res ▁console ▁*) ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁ ▁// ▁... ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁print New Line (); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁Write L n (); ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁print String ( Value : ▁string ); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁ ▁Write ( Value ); ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁print Integer ( Value : ▁integer ); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁ ▁Write ( Value ); ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁print Boolean ( Value : ▁boolean ); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁if ▁( Value ) ▁then ▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Write (' true '); ▁ ▁end ▁else ▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Write (' false '); ▁ ▁end ; ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁scan New Line (); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁Se ek E o L n (); ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁scan String ( Value : ▁string ); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁Read L n ( Value ); ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁scan Integer ( Value : ▁Integer ); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁Read L n ( Value ); ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁scan Boolean ( Value : ▁Boolean ); ▁▁▁▁ ▁var ▁temp : ▁string ; ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁Read L n ( temp ); ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁if ▁( Temp ▁= ▁' true ') ▁then ▁▁▁▁
|
▁begin ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Value ▁:= ▁true ; ▁▁▁▁ ▁end ▁else ▁▁▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Value ▁:= ▁false ; ▁▁▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁ ▁Implement ation ▁▁▁▁ ▁program ▁cons ol ed em o ; ▁▁ ▁// ▁filename : ▁" cons oles . pas " ▁▁▁ ▁uses ▁cons oles ; ▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁prepare (); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles . prepare (); ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁procedure ▁un prepare (); ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles . un prepare (); ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁ ▁function ▁execute (): ▁Integer ; ▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles . print String (' Hello ▁World '); ▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles . print New Line (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁cons oles . scan New Line (); ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁execute ▁:= ▁ 0 ; ▁▁ ▁end ; ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁begin ▁▁▁▁ ▁prepare (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁execute (); ▁▁▁▁ ▁un prepare (); ▁▁ ▁end . ▁ ▁Compar isons ▁to ▁other ▁concepts ▁ ▁Names paces ▁▁ ▁Both ▁names paces ▁and ▁modules ▁allow ▁to ▁group ▁several ▁related ▁entities ▁by ▁a ▁single ▁identifier , ▁and ▁in ▁some ▁situations , ▁used ▁inter change ably . ▁Those ▁entities ▁can ▁be ▁glob ally ▁accessed . ▁The ▁main ▁purpose ▁of ▁both ▁concepts ▁is ▁the ▁same . ▁ ▁In ▁some ▁scenarios ▁a ▁namespace ▁requires ▁that ▁the ▁global ▁elements ▁that ▁comp ose ▁it ▁are ▁initialized ▁and ▁final ized ▁by ▁a ▁function ▁or ▁method ▁call . ▁ ▁In ▁many ▁programming ▁languages , ▁names paces ▁are ▁not ▁directly ▁intended ▁to ▁support ▁an ▁initialization ▁process ▁nor ▁a ▁final ization ▁process , ▁and ▁are ▁therefore ▁not ▁equivalent ▁to ▁modules . ▁That ▁limitation ▁can
|
▁be ▁worked ▁around ▁in ▁two ▁ways . ▁In ▁names paces ▁that ▁support ▁global ▁functions , ▁a ▁function ▁for ▁initialization ▁and ▁a ▁function ▁for ▁final ization ▁are ▁c oded ▁directly , ▁and ▁called ▁directly ▁in ▁the ▁main ▁program ▁code . ▁ ▁Class es ▁and ▁names paces ▁▁ ▁Class es ▁are ▁used ▁sometimes ▁used ▁as ▁or ▁with ▁names paces . ▁In ▁programming ▁languages ▁that ▁don ' t ▁support ▁names paces ▁( e . g ., ▁JavaScript ) ▁but ▁do ▁support ▁classes ▁and ▁objects , ▁classes ▁are ▁often ▁used ▁to ▁substitute ▁for ▁names paces . ▁These ▁classes ▁are ▁usually ▁not ▁inst anti ated ▁and ▁consist ▁exclusively ▁of ▁static ▁members . ▁ ▁Sing leton ▁classes ▁and ▁names paces ▁▁ ▁In ▁object - oriented ▁programming ▁languages ▁where ▁names paces ▁are ▁in com plet ely ▁supported , ▁the ▁sing leton ▁pattern ▁may ▁be ▁used ▁instead ▁of ▁static ▁members ▁within ▁a ▁non - inst ant iable ▁class . ▁ ▁Rel ationship ▁with ▁other ▁design ▁patterns ▁▁ ▁The ▁module ▁pattern ▁can ▁be ▁implemented ▁using ▁a ▁special ization ▁of ▁the ▁sing leton ▁pattern . ▁However , ▁other ▁design ▁patterns ▁may ▁be ▁applied ▁and ▁combined , ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁class . ▁ ▁This ▁pattern ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁decor ator , ▁a ▁fly weight , ▁or ▁an ▁adapter . ▁ ▁Module ▁as ▁a ▁design ▁pattern ▁▁ ▁The ▁Module ▁pattern ▁can ▁be ▁considered ▁a ▁cre ational ▁pattern ▁and ▁a ▁structural ▁pattern . ▁It ▁man ages ▁the ▁creation ▁and ▁organization ▁of ▁other ▁elements , ▁and ▁groups ▁them ▁as ▁the ▁structural ▁pattern ▁does . ▁
|
▁An ▁object ▁that ▁applies ▁this ▁pattern ▁can ▁provide ▁the ▁equivalent ▁of ▁a ▁namespace , ▁providing ▁the ▁initialization ▁and ▁final ization ▁process ▁of ▁a ▁static ▁class ▁or ▁a ▁class ▁with ▁static ▁members ▁with ▁clean er , ▁more ▁conc ise ▁syntax ▁and ▁sem ant ics . ▁ ▁It ▁supports ▁specific ▁cases ▁where ▁a ▁class ▁or ▁object ▁can ▁be ▁considered ▁structured , ▁proced ural ▁data . ▁And , ▁vice ▁vers a , ▁migr ate ▁structured , ▁proced ural ▁data , ▁and ▁considered ▁as ▁object - oriented . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Design ▁pattern ▁ ▁Design ▁Pattern s ▁( E . ▁G amma ▁et ▁al .) ▁ ▁Sing leton ▁pattern ▁ ▁Ad apter ▁pattern ▁ ▁Category : Soft ware ▁design ▁patterns ▁Category : Art icles ▁with ▁example ▁C ▁Sh arp ▁code ▁Category : Art icles ▁with ▁example ▁Java ▁code <0x0A> </s> ▁Gran ob l astic ▁is ▁an ▁ad ject ive ▁describing ▁an ▁an hedral ▁ph an er it ic ▁equ i - gr an ular ▁met am orph ic ▁rock ▁texture . ▁Gran ob l astic ▁texture ▁is ▁typical ▁of ▁quart z ite , ▁marble ▁and ▁other ▁non - fol iated ▁met am orph ic ▁rocks ▁without ▁por phy ro bl asts . ▁Character istics ▁defining ▁gran ob l astic ▁texture ▁include : ▁gr ains ▁visible ▁to ▁the ▁una ided ▁eye , ▁s ut ured ▁boundaries ▁and ▁approximately ▁equ id im ensional ▁gr ains . ▁The ▁grain ▁boundaries ▁inter sect ▁at ▁ 1 2 0 ° ▁triple ▁jun ctions ▁under ▁ideal ▁conditions . ▁Vari ation ▁from ▁the
|
▁ideal ▁results ▁from ▁stress ▁produced ▁fol iation ▁during ▁cryst all ization ▁resulting ▁in ▁sch ist ose ▁text ures . ▁▁ ▁A ▁rock ▁that ▁has ▁a ▁gran ob l astic ▁texture ▁can ▁be ▁term ed ▁a ▁gran of els . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Min ing , ▁Min eral , ▁and ▁Related ▁Terms ▁Met am orph ic ▁Micro struct ures ▁ ▁Category : Met am orph ic ▁rocks <0x0A> </s> ▁Ang elo ▁Gil ard ino ▁( born ▁ 1 6 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁in ▁Ver cell i ) ▁is ▁an ▁Italian ▁composer , ▁ ▁guitar ist ▁and ▁music ologist . ▁ ▁Career ▁During ▁his ▁concert ▁career , ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁he ▁premier ed ▁hundreds ▁of ▁new ▁works ▁for ▁the ▁guitar . ▁He ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁L ice o ▁Mus ical e ▁G . ▁B . ▁Vi otti ▁in ▁Ver cell i ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁and ▁held ▁a ▁profess orship ▁at ▁the ▁Antonio ▁V ival di ▁Conserv atory ▁in ▁Al ess and ria ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁The ▁Conserv atory ▁awarded ▁him ▁the ▁M are ng o ▁Music ▁Prize ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁Gil ard ino ▁has ▁composed ▁much ▁music ▁for ▁solo ▁guitar , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁chamber ▁music ▁and ▁concert os . ▁His ▁solo ▁works ▁include ▁five ▁volumes ▁of ▁Stud i ▁di ▁virt u os ità ▁e
|
▁di ▁tr asc enden za ▁( 1 9 8 1 - 1 9 8 8 ), ▁two ▁number ed ▁son at as ▁( 1 9 8 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁several ▁titled ▁son at as ▁and ▁son atin as , ▁two ▁sets ▁of ▁variations ▁( 1 9 8 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 ), ▁and ▁I kon ost as ▁for ▁a ▁guitar ▁tun ed ▁in ▁G ▁( 2 0 0 4 ). ▁ ▁The ▁Stud i ▁di ▁virt u os ità ▁e ▁di ▁tr asc enden za ▁represent ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁significant ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁guitar ▁re per toire ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁The ▁title ▁places ▁the ▁collection ▁in ▁the ▁tradition ▁of ▁the ▁Trans c end ental ▁Et udes ▁by ▁Franz ▁Lis zt . ▁Num bers ▁ 1 ▁through ▁ 4 8 ▁have ▁ded ications ▁that ▁play ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁in ▁identifying ▁influences ▁and ▁traditions ▁that ▁are ▁important ▁to ▁the ▁composer , ▁and ▁help ▁provide ▁a ▁context ▁in ▁which ▁to ▁interpret ▁the ▁individual ▁et udes . ▁These ▁have ▁been ▁recorded ▁by ▁the ▁guitar ist ▁Crist iano ▁Por qu ed du ▁for ▁Br ill iant ▁Class ics . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁written ▁four ▁works ▁for ▁guitar ▁with ▁guitar ▁or chestra , ▁seven ▁concert os ▁for ▁guitar , ▁some ▁in ▁combination ▁with ▁other ▁instruments ▁( including ▁mand olin ▁and ▁accord ion ), ▁and ▁several ▁du ets ▁( for ▁guitar ▁with ▁bass oon , ▁cell o , ▁viol in ▁and ▁v
|
ib raph one ). ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Gil ard ino ▁super vised ▁the ▁publication ▁of ▁hundreds ▁of ▁new ▁guitar ▁works ▁by ▁Ed izioni ▁Mus ical i ▁B è r ben . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁discovered ▁the ▁V aria z ioni ▁by ▁Ott or ino ▁Res p igh i ▁and ▁several ▁works ▁written ▁for ▁the ▁guitar ist ▁Andr és ▁Seg ov ia ▁by ▁Cyr il ▁Scott , ▁Pierre ▁de ▁Br é ville , ▁L enn ox ▁Berkeley ▁and ▁many ▁others . ▁He ▁was ▁artistic ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Andr és ▁Seg ov ia ▁Foundation ▁of ▁L ina res ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁the ▁Gu itar ▁Foundation ▁of ▁America ▁con ferred ▁upon ▁him ▁the ▁prest igious ▁Art istic ▁A chie vement ▁Award ▁which ▁is ▁reserved ▁for ▁perform ers , ▁compos ers , ▁ped agog ues , ▁and ▁scholars ▁who ▁have ▁made ▁monument al ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁art ▁and ▁life ▁of ▁the ▁classical ▁guitar . ▁ ▁Qu otes ▁" I ▁am ▁not ▁a ▁good ▁inter preter ▁of ▁my ▁own ▁music ▁- ▁I ▁never ▁played ▁it ▁and ▁I ▁avoid ▁giving ▁lessons ▁with ▁my ▁music ▁on ▁the ▁stand . ▁" ▁- ▁rec . mus ic . class ical . gu itar ▁( Jan ▁ 2 3 ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁" I ▁have ▁no ▁connection ▁with ▁my ▁pieces , ▁except ▁when ▁I ▁am ▁compos ing ▁them .
|
▁Since ▁then , ▁especially ▁when ▁published , ▁they ▁belong ▁to ▁everybody , ▁and ▁I ▁am ▁no ▁longer ▁especially ▁fond ▁of ▁a ▁piece ▁or ▁of ▁another . ▁I ▁feel ▁ins ign ific ant ▁and ▁un important ▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁the ▁music ▁I ▁write . ▁I ▁have ▁to ▁add ▁- ▁to ▁be ▁quite ▁honest ▁- ▁that ▁when ▁teaching ▁I ▁do ▁not ▁like ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁my ▁own ▁music . ▁[...] ▁when ▁it ▁happens ▁I ▁have ▁to ▁teach ▁a ▁piece ▁of ▁my ▁own , ▁I ▁feel ▁rather ▁uncertain ▁about ▁what ▁to ▁say ." ▁- ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Ang elo ▁Gil ard ino ▁" Act ually , ▁since ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁to ▁March ▁of ▁this ▁year ▁I ▁was ▁active ▁as ▁a ▁professor ▁in ▁a ▁conserv atory ▁and ▁- ▁even ▁without ▁giving ▁conc erts ▁- ▁I ▁followed ▁learning ▁a ▁lot ▁about ▁guitar , ▁due ▁mainly ▁to ▁the ▁excell ence ▁of ▁students ▁who ▁have ▁cooper ated ▁with ▁me . ▁But , ▁I ▁confirm , ▁you ▁are ▁right , ▁I ▁am ▁no ▁techn ician ▁at ▁all ▁- ▁my ▁work ▁with ▁players ▁has ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁interpretation . ▁I ▁have ▁taught ▁people ▁who ▁could ▁play ▁much ▁better ▁than ▁I ▁did ▁even ▁when ▁I ▁was ▁a ▁concert ▁player ." ▁rec . mus ic . class ical . gu itar ▁( Aug ▁ 3 1 ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁works ▁ ▁S olo ▁guitar ▁Can zone ▁Not turn a ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁Est rell as ▁para ▁Est are ll as ▁(
|
1 9 7 0 ) ▁A bre u ana ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁A ra uc aria ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁App alo osa ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁Lu ce at ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁T rep id azioni ▁per ▁The bit ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁O c ram ▁( 1 9 7 3 ) ▁Ten eb ra e ▁fact ae ▁s unt ▁( 1 9 7 3 ) ▁Stud i ▁di ▁virt u os ità ▁e ▁di ▁tr asc enden za ▁( 1 9 8 1 - 1 9 8 8 ) ▁Son ata ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁( Om aggio ▁ad ▁Antonio ▁Font anes i ) ▁( 1 9 8 5 ) ▁Son ata ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁( H iver n ▁fl or it ) ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁V aria z ioni ▁sulla ▁F oll ì a ▁( 1 9 8 9 ) ▁Mus ica ▁per ▁l ' angel o ▁della ▁Mel anch ol ì a ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁V aria z ioni ▁sulla ▁Fort una ▁( N ell ' ant ologia ▁Fort une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁Winter zeit ▁after ▁Robert ▁Sch um ann ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁Col lo qu io ▁con ▁Andr és ▁Seg ov ia ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁Son at ine ▁des ▁fle urs ▁et ▁des ▁o ise aux ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁Tr í
|
pt ico ▁de ▁las ▁vision es ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁Cat skill ▁P ond ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁La ▁casa ▁del ▁far o ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁Son ata ▁Mediterr ane a ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁Son ata ▁del ▁Gu ad al qu iv ir ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁Ann un cia zione ▁( Om aggio ▁al ▁Be ato ▁Angel ico ) ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁I kon ost as ▁( Om aggio ▁a ▁P avel ▁Floren sk ij ) ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁Memory ▁of ▁Ant in ous ▁( Om aggio ▁a ▁Marg uer ite ▁Your cen ar ) ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁A ▁Qu iet ▁Song ▁- ▁To ▁the ▁Memory ▁of ▁John ▁W . ▁Du arte ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁Cant ico ▁di ▁G ub bio ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Son ata ▁di ▁Lag one gro ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁Winter ▁T ales ▁( 2 0 0 8 ; ▁for ▁Russian ▁ 7 - string ▁guitar ) ▁S ette ▁P rel udi ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Gu itar ▁and ▁guitar ▁ensemble ▁Con cer to ▁d ' est ate ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁guitar ▁quart et ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁Con c ierto ▁de ▁C ó rd oba ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁guitar ▁quart et ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁Po ema ▁d ' in ver no ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁guitar ▁du o ▁( 1 9
|
9 4 ) ▁Con cer to ▁d ' aut un no ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁small ▁guitar ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 9 4 - 1 9 9 5 ) ▁F este ▁l ont ane ▁for ▁four ▁gu it ars ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Son etti ▁gi ul iani ▁for ▁four ▁gu it ars ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Gu itar ▁and ▁or chestra ▁Le ç ons ▁de ▁T én è bres ▁- ▁concer to ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁chamber ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁F ior i ▁di ▁novembre ▁- ▁concer to ▁for ▁mand olin , ▁guitar ▁and ▁chamber ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁Con cer to ▁Ital iano ▁for ▁four ▁gu it ars ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁La ▁casa ▁delle ▁o mbre ▁- ▁concer to ▁for ▁fl ute , ▁guitar ▁and ▁strings ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁L ied erk on z ert ▁for ▁two ▁gu it ars ▁and ▁chamber ▁or chestra ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁En ▁las ▁ti err as ▁alt as ▁- ▁concer to ▁for ▁accord ion , ▁guitar ▁and ▁strings ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁Star ▁of ▁the ▁Morning ▁for ▁guitar , ▁cell o ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁Con cer to - Ser en ata ▁for ▁bass ▁clar inet , ▁guitar ▁and ▁strings ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Con cer to ▁di ▁Nov gor od ▁for ▁Russian ▁seven - string ▁guitar ▁and ▁or chestra ▁(
|
2 0 0 6 ) ▁Con cer to ▁di ▁O li ena ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Chamber ▁music ▁Pre gh iere ▁per ▁gli ▁innoc enti ▁for ▁voice ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁Can z oni ▁d iment icate ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁Son at ina - L ied ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁for ▁bass oon ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁Son at ina - L ied ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁Fant asia ▁concert ante ▁sul ▁Gran ▁S olo ▁op . ▁ 1 4 ▁di ▁Sor ▁for ▁viol in , ▁viol a , ▁cell o ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁Ret r ato ▁de ▁Andr és ▁Seg ov ia ▁for ▁string ▁or chestra ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁Son ata ▁Rom ant ica ▁( Hom age ▁to ▁Franz ▁Sch ub ert ) ▁for ▁cell o ▁and ▁guitar : ▁an ▁elabor ation ▁of ▁the ▁piece ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name ▁by ▁Manuel ▁M . ▁P once ▁for ▁solo ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁Ret r ato ▁de ▁Francisco ▁T ár reg a ▁for ▁chamber ▁or chestra ▁with ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁Part ita ▁for ▁v ib raph one ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁Son at ina - L ied ▁No . ▁ 3 ▁for ▁fl ute ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁I ber ia
|
▁( da ▁Alb én iz ▁e ▁T ár reg a ) ▁for ▁fl ute , ▁viol a ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Son at ina - L ied ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁for ▁mand olin ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Qu art etto ▁" I ▁cast elli ▁d ' ac qu a " ▁for ▁two ▁mand ol ins , ▁mand ola ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Son at ina - L ied ▁No . ▁ 5 ▁for ▁ob oe ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Qu int etto ▁di ▁Lu ced io ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁string ▁quart et ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁T rio ▁- ▁F ior i ▁del ▁des er to ▁for ▁fl ute , ▁viol a ▁and ▁guitar ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Ch itar ra ▁Batt ente ▁▁▁ ▁Alber o ▁sol it ario ▁- ▁ric ord o ▁della ▁grande ▁pit tr ice ▁Luc ana ▁Maria ▁Pad ula ▁for ▁Ch itar ra ▁batt ente ▁and ▁Gu itar ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁for ▁Cord amin azioni ▁( M arc ello ▁De ▁Carol is ▁and ▁Luc a ▁Fab riz io ) ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁di ▁M ater a ▁for ▁ch itar ra ▁batt ente ▁and ▁ten ▁instruments ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁for ▁Marc ello ▁De ▁Carol is ▁ ▁Complete ▁disc ography ▁ ▁Gil ard ino ▁as ▁perform er ▁LP : ▁Series ▁of ▁Cont emporary ▁Gu itar ▁Music ▁- ▁Ang elo ▁Gil ard ino
|
▁plays ▁H aug , ▁W iss mer , ▁Du arte , ▁T ans man , ▁Berkeley ▁La ▁Ch itar ra ▁Nel ▁Sec olo ▁XX ▁- ▁Vol . ▁I , ▁Com pos itori ▁Italian i ▁( R os etta , ▁Ch ail ly , ▁Mag h ini , ▁B ett in elli , ▁Mos so ) ▁ ▁Gil ard ino ' s ▁compos itions ▁played ▁by ▁others ▁L U IG I ▁AT TA DE MO ▁- ▁plays ▁" V aria z ioni ▁sulla ▁F oll ì a " ▁CD ▁" F ol ías " ▁Gu it art ▁Collection ▁Gu it ▁ 2 0 2 6 ▁www . lu igi att adem o . it ▁ ▁G I AN L U CA ▁B AR BER O ▁plays ▁" St udio ▁n . ▁ 6 ▁– ▁Sol ed ad ▁- ▁Om aggio ▁a ▁Francisco ▁G oya " ▁" St udio ▁n . ▁ 4 7 ▁– ▁Le ▁rose ▁sulla ▁ne ve ▁– ▁In ▁memor iam ▁E so ▁Pel uz zi " ▁Map ▁– ▁L r ▁C d ▁ 1 1 6 ▁ ▁L U IG I ▁B IS CAL DI ▁and ▁Q U ART ET TO ▁DI ▁A ST I ▁plays ▁" Con cer to ▁d ' est ate " ▁per ▁ch itar ra ▁sol a ▁e ▁quart etto ▁di ▁ch itar re ▁" Con c ierto ▁de ▁C ó rd oba " ▁para ▁guitar ra ▁sol ista ▁y ▁cu art eto ▁de ▁gu it arr as ▁B ER CD ▁ 8 3 3 - 2
|
▁B è r ben ▁ ▁PI ERO ▁B ON AG URI ▁es eg ue ▁" Col lo qu io ▁con ▁Andr és ▁Seg ov ia " ▁" P oc ci ▁ 2 0 0 4 " ▁Gu itar ▁Reference ▁V P ▁Music ▁Media ▁ ▁Ch itar rist a ▁M IC HA EL ▁BR ACK EN ▁plays ▁" S on ata ▁n . ▁ 2 ▁– ▁H iver n ▁Flor it " ▁" Good ▁News " ▁At ma ▁Dis ques ▁ ▁TR IO ▁C ITH AR O ED IA ▁plays ▁" Po ema ▁d ' in ver no " ▁per ▁tre ▁ch itar re ▁" F er enc ▁F ark as , ▁Ang elo ▁Gil ard ino ▁Complete ▁works ▁for ▁Gu itar ▁T rio " ▁N IC ▁ 1 0 5 1 ▁- ▁Gu it art ▁Collection ▁ ▁AN GE LO ▁COL ONE ▁plays ▁" St udio ▁n . ▁ 1 8 ▁– ▁Om aggio ▁a ▁de ▁F alla " ▁" S int esi " ▁Map ▁– ▁L r ▁C d ▁ 0 8 7 ▁ ▁AN GE LO ▁COL ONE ▁es eg ue ▁plays ▁" T ema ▁con ▁var iaz ioni ▁( Om aggio ▁a ▁Fernando ▁Sor )" ▁" G i à ▁la ▁pi ogg ia ▁è ▁con ▁no i ▁( Om aggio ▁a ▁Salv atore ▁Qu as im odo )" ▁" S ac rific io " ▁( Om aggio ▁ad ▁Ag ust in ▁Bar rios ▁M ang or é ) ▁" Con cer to ▁per ▁ch itar ra ▁e ▁or chestra ▁da
|
▁camera ▁– ▁Le ç ons ▁de ▁T én è bres " ▁" J ondo ▁( Om aggio ▁a ▁Jo aqu in ▁Tur ina ) ▁" S ol ed ad ▁( Om aggio ▁a ▁Francisco ▁G oya ) ▁" P a es aggio ▁luc ano ▁( Om aggio ▁al ▁p itt ore ▁Mau ro ▁M asi )" ▁CD ▁" Ang elo ▁Ang elo " ▁www . angel ocol one . it ▁ ▁M AR CO ▁DE ▁S AN TI ▁plays ▁" Qu attro ▁Stud i ▁di ▁virt u os ità ▁e ▁di ▁tr asc enden za " ▁" O c ram " ▁E MI ▁I . 0 7 1 ▁ ▁W IL LI AM ▁FE AS LE Y ▁plays ▁" S ol ed ad ▁( Om aggio ▁a ▁Francisco ▁G oya )" ▁" E cho es ▁of ▁G oya " ▁S ON OR A ▁SO 2 2 5 8 7 CD ▁ ▁F AB IO ▁F ED ER IC O ▁plays ▁" E leg ia ▁di ▁marzo " ▁" M edit err ane a " ▁" Al le lu ia " ▁" El ▁ro s ario " ▁" J ondo " ▁CD ▁" E stud ios " ▁Et now orld ▁Class ical ▁www . fab io f eder ico . com ▁ ▁RE Z A ▁G AN J AV I ▁plays ▁" C anz oni ▁D iment icate " ▁per ▁var ie ▁for maz ioni ▁a ▁du o ▁con ▁ch itar ra ▁CD ▁" In ▁Friend ship " ▁ ▁T IL MAN ▁H OP
|
P STO CK ▁plays ▁" E t ude ▁n . ▁ 3 " ▁CD ▁" The ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Gu itar " ▁Sign um ▁Sig X 9 0 - 0 0 ▁ ▁L U IG I ▁G I FF I ▁plays ▁" E leg ia ▁di ▁marzo " ▁" S ac rific io " ▁" Qu att u or ▁in ▁Mus ica " ▁ ▁M AR TH A ▁MA ST ERS ▁plays ▁" Col lo qu io ▁con ▁Andr és ▁Seg ov ia " ▁CD ▁" Vi aggio ▁in ▁Italia " ▁G SP 1 0 3 1 CD ▁ ▁L UC IO ▁M AT AR A ZZ O ▁plays ▁" Qu attro ▁Stud i ▁di ▁virt u os ità ▁e ▁di ▁tr asc enden za " ▁CD ▁" LM ▁& ▁friends " ▁CD ▁G U IT ART ▁COL LE CTION ▁ ▁AL BER TO ▁M ES IR CA ▁plays ▁" Ann un cia zione ▁– ▁Om aggio ▁al ▁Be ato ▁Angel ico " ▁" I kon ost as ▁– ▁Om aggio ▁a ▁P avel ▁Floren sk ij ▁" I kon ost as " ▁Map ▁– ▁L r ▁C d ▁ 1 1 2 ▁ ▁M IC HA EL ▁PART ING TON ▁plays ▁" St udio ▁n . ▁ 1 2 ▁( Om aggio ▁a ▁Pro k of iev )" ▁" 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Gu itar " ▁Ros ere cord ▁Rose ▁ 1 0 0 4 CD ▁ ▁CR IST I AN O ▁P OR QU ED DU ▁plays ▁" S
|
on ata ▁n . ▁ 2 ▁- ▁H iver n ▁Flor it " ▁" Emb ar qu ement ▁pour ▁C ith ère " ▁" Om aggio ▁a ▁Serge j ▁Pro k of ' ev " ▁" Les ▁ar bres ▁rou ges " ▁Se ic or de ▁ 1 8 8 IT ▁www . c rist ian op or qu ed du . com ▁ ▁CR IST I AN O ▁P OR QU ED DU ▁plays ▁" Stud ies ▁ 1 - 1 2 " ▁CD ▁Tr asc endent ia ▁Vol . I ▁Se ic or de ▁ 1 8 8 IT ▁www . tr asc endent ia . com ▁ ▁CR IST I AN O ▁P OR QU ED DU ▁plays ▁" Stud ies ▁ 1 3 - 2 4 " ▁Tr asc endent ia ▁Vol . II ▁Se ic or de ▁ 1 8 8 IT ▁www . tr asc endent ia . com ▁ ▁CR IST I AN O ▁P OR QU ED DU ▁plays ▁" Stud ies ▁ 2 5 - 3 6 " ▁Tr asc endent ia ▁Vol . III ▁Se ic or de ▁ 1 8 8 IT ▁www . tr asc endent ia . com ▁ ▁CR IST I AN O ▁P OR QU ED DU ▁plays ▁" Stud ies ▁ 3 7 - 4 8 " ▁Tr asc endent ia ▁Vol ▁IV ▁Se ic or de ▁SN R 0 1 9 ▁www . tr asc endent ia . com ▁ ▁CR IST I AN O ▁P
|
OR QU ED DU ▁plays ▁" Stud ies ▁ 4 9 - 6 0 " ▁Tr asc endent ia ▁Vol ▁V ▁www . tr asc endent ia . com ▁ ▁M AR CE L LO ▁R IV EL LI ▁plays ▁" S on ata ▁n . ▁ 2 ▁- ▁H iver n ▁Flor it " ▁Gu it art ▁Collection ▁Gu it ▁ 2 0 3 0 ▁ ▁G I AN L U CA ▁S AB BAD IN ▁plays ▁" St udio ▁n . ▁ 4 7 ▁– ▁Le ▁rose ▁sulla ▁ne ve " ▁" St udio ▁n , ▁ 1 8 ▁– ▁El ▁ro s ario " ▁" St udio ▁n . ▁ 4 ▁– ▁E leg ia ▁di ▁marzo " ▁CD ▁" Rec ital ▁per ▁ch itar ra ▁sol a " ▁ ▁G I UL IO ▁T AMP AL IN I ▁plays ▁" Work s ▁for ▁Gu itar ▁ 2 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 4 " ▁www . gi ul iot amp al ini . it ▁ ▁C ORD AM IN A Z ION I ▁( M AR CE L LO ▁DE ▁C AR OL IS ▁- ▁L U CA ▁F AB RI Z IO ) ▁plays ▁" Al ber o ▁sol it ario ▁- ▁ric ord o ▁della ▁grande ▁pit tr ice ▁luc ana ▁Maria ▁Pad ula " ▁www . cord amin azioni . com ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁S ources ▁An nal a , ▁Hann u ▁and ▁M ät lik , ▁He iki , ▁" G il
|
ard ino , ▁Ang elo ", ▁Hand book ▁of ▁Gu itar ▁and ▁L ute ▁Com pos ers , ▁Mel ▁Bay ▁Public ations , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁p . 7 7 . ▁ ▁Col onna , ▁Maur izio , ▁" G il ard ino , ▁Ang elo " ▁in ▁Ch itar rist i - com pos itori ▁del ▁XX ▁secolo : ▁le ▁ide e ▁e ▁le ▁loro ▁conse gu enze , ▁F . ▁M uzz io , ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁p . 3 1 5 . ▁ ▁Gu itar ▁Foundation ▁of ▁America , ▁Art istic ▁A chie vement ▁Award ▁( 2 0 0 9 ): ▁Ang elo ▁Gil ard ino ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Ang elo ▁Gil ard ino ▁Website ▁Ang elo ▁Gil ard ino ▁official ▁website ▁AG ▁Blog ▁ ▁Ang elo ▁Gil ard ino ▁official ▁blog ▁ ▁Inter views ▁Inter view ▁( by ▁Is ol de ▁Sch au pp ) ▁ ▁Record ings ▁LP ▁record ings ▁/ ▁L iner ▁Notes ▁( O vi att ▁Library ▁Digital ▁Collections ▁- ▁restricted ▁access ) ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : Com pos ers ▁for ▁the ▁classical ▁guitar ▁Category : It al ian ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : It al ian ▁classical ▁guitar ists ▁Category : M ale ▁guitar ists ▁Category : It al ian ▁male ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : It al
|
ian ▁music ologists ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Ver cell i ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁guitar ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁guitar ists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Italian ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Italian ▁male ▁musicians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁male ▁musicians <0x0A> </s> ▁Cook , ▁Ser ve , ▁Del icious ! ▁ 3 ▁( st yl ized ▁as ▁ 3 ? !) ▁is ▁an ▁upcoming ▁restaurant ▁simulation ▁game ▁developed ▁by ▁Vert igo ▁G aming . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁Steam ▁early ▁access ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁and ▁will ▁be ▁fully ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁sequ el ▁to ▁Cook , ▁Ser ve , ▁Del icious ! ▁ 2 . ▁ ▁Game play ▁ ▁Cook , ▁Ser ve , ▁Del icious ! ▁ 3 ▁narr atively ▁follows ▁the ▁previous ▁game ▁in ▁a ▁d yst op ian ▁America ▁in ▁ 2 0 4 2 ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁rav aged ▁by ▁war , ▁which ▁had ▁caused ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁restaurant . ▁Two ▁search ▁and ▁recovery ▁and ro ids , ▁ ▁Cle aver ▁and ▁Wh isk ▁( vo iced ▁by ▁Hav ana ▁Mah oney ▁and ▁ ▁N ega ory x , ▁respectively ) ▁find ▁the ▁chef ▁( the ▁player - character ) ▁still ▁alive , ▁and ▁offer ▁them ▁their ▁truck ▁to ▁use ▁as ▁a ▁food ▁truck ▁to ▁continue ▁the ▁restaurant . ▁They ▁become ▁part
|
▁of ▁a ▁national ▁food ▁truck ▁championship ▁as ▁the ▁game ▁progress es . ▁ ▁As ▁with ▁previous ▁Cook , ▁Ser ve , ▁Del icious ▁games , ▁the ▁player ▁is ▁challenged ▁to ▁make ▁dishes ▁to ▁customer ▁order ▁at ▁various ▁prep ▁and ▁holding ▁stations ▁within ▁the ▁food ▁truck . ▁Prior ▁to ▁each ▁day , ▁the ▁player ▁as semb les ▁a ▁menu ▁of ▁five ▁to ▁eight ▁dishes , ▁each ▁dish ▁having ▁a ▁point ▁value ▁from ▁zero ▁to ▁five ▁representing ▁how ▁difficult ▁it ▁is ▁to ▁prep . ▁Certain ▁days ▁may ▁require ▁a ▁minimum ▁point ▁value ▁or ▁specific ▁number ▁of ▁dishes ▁with ▁a ▁specific ▁point ▁value , ▁or ▁feature ▁foods ▁of ▁a ▁specific ▁type ▁or ▁requiring ▁a ▁specific ▁cooking ▁step . ▁After ▁establishing ▁a ▁menu ▁for ▁the ▁day , ▁the ▁food ▁truck ▁sets ▁off ▁for ▁the ▁day , ▁making ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁stops . ▁Prior ▁to ▁each ▁stop , ▁the ▁player ▁can ▁use ▁holding ▁stations ▁to ▁cook ▁ready - to - serve ▁meals , ▁and ▁make ▁get ▁special ▁orders ▁to ▁prepare ▁at ▁the ▁prep ▁stations ▁to ▁serve ▁once ▁at ▁the ▁next ▁stop . ▁At ▁each ▁stop , ▁the ▁player ▁either ▁can ▁serve ▁completed ▁dishes ▁from ▁the ▁prep ▁or ▁holding ▁stations , ▁or ▁make ▁need ▁to ▁make ▁custom ▁orders ▁for ▁certain ▁dishes , ▁but ▁has ▁a ▁limited ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁to ▁serve ▁all ▁waiting ▁customers . ▁Pre par ing ▁dishes ▁requires ▁a ▁sequence ▁of ▁keyboard - and - mouse ▁or ▁controller ▁actions , ▁item ized ▁on - screen , ▁though ▁with ▁most ▁dishes ▁the ▁customer ▁may ▁wish ▁for ▁custom ▁preparation
|
▁on ▁their ▁dish ▁( such ▁as ▁cond iments ▁on ▁a ▁h amb ur ger ) ▁which ▁the ▁player ▁must ▁follow . ▁The ▁player ▁is ▁ranked ▁based ▁on ▁how ▁many ▁orders ▁they ▁serve ▁both ▁in ▁a ▁fixed ▁time ▁period ▁once ▁the ▁order ▁is ▁placed , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁custom ▁preparation , ▁and ▁penal ized ▁for ▁failing ▁to ▁complete ▁orders ▁or ▁for ▁missing ▁key ▁cooking ▁steps ▁like ▁cooking ▁meat . ▁After ▁completing ▁the ▁day , ▁the ▁player ▁is ▁reward ed ▁with ▁in - game ▁currency ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁buy ▁new ▁recipes ▁and ▁improved ▁equipment ▁for ▁the ▁truck . ▁▁ ▁Some ▁game play ▁changes ▁are ▁made ▁in ▁Cook , ▁Ser ve , ▁Del icious ! ▁ 3 ▁from ▁past ▁titles . ▁With ▁the ▁food ▁truck ▁setting ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁longer ▁any ▁cho res ▁that ▁must ▁be ▁completed . ▁The ▁player ▁also ▁has ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁use ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁android ▁drivers ▁to ▁serve ▁off ▁all ▁completed ▁orders ▁while ▁the ▁player ▁complet es ▁other ▁orders . ▁Each ▁day ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁run ▁in ▁a ▁" Ch ill " ▁mode , ▁reducing ▁the ▁number ▁and ▁rate ▁of ▁orders ▁to ▁be ▁processed ▁but ▁reducing ▁the ▁potential ▁rewards ▁the ▁player ▁earn s ▁from ▁completing ▁a ▁run . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁this ▁main ▁campaign ▁mode , ▁the ▁game ▁introdu ces ▁a ▁" Z en ▁campaign " ▁that ▁is ▁less ▁intense ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁timing ▁demands . ▁ ▁Release ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁early ▁access ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁for ▁Microsoft ▁Windows
|
, ▁with ▁a ▁full ▁release ▁for ▁Microsoft ▁Windows , ▁Play Station ▁ 4 , ▁Xbox ▁One ▁and ▁Nintendo ▁Switch ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Cook , ▁Ser ve , ▁Del icious ! ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Up coming ▁video ▁games ▁scheduled ▁for ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁Category : E arly ▁access ▁video ▁games ▁Category : Multi player ▁and ▁single - player ▁video ▁games ▁Category : C ook ing ▁video ▁games ▁Category : Windows ▁games ▁Category : Play Station ▁ 4 ▁games ▁Category : X box ▁One ▁games ▁Category : N intendo ▁Switch ▁games ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Bag h - e ▁M oll a ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁B ā gh - e ▁M oll ā ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ch ah ar ▁Gon bad ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁Sir jan ▁County , ▁K erman ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁in ▁ 3 1 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Sir jan ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁mathemat ics , ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁is ▁a ▁result ▁in ▁measure ▁theory . ▁It ▁involves ▁a ▁meas urable ▁space ▁ ▁on ▁which ▁two ▁ σ - finite ▁measures ▁are ▁defined , ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁It ▁states ▁that , ▁if ▁ ▁( i
|
. e . ▁ ▁is ▁absolutely ▁continuous ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁), ▁then ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁meas urable ▁function ▁, ▁such ▁that ▁for ▁any ▁meas urable ▁set ▁, ▁ ▁The ▁function ▁ ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁derivative ▁and ▁is ▁denoted ▁by ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁theorem ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Johann ▁Rad on , ▁who ▁proved ▁the ▁theorem ▁for ▁the ▁special ▁case ▁where ▁the ▁underlying ▁space ▁is ▁ ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁and ▁for ▁Otto ▁Nik od ym ▁who ▁proved ▁the ▁general ▁case ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁Hans ▁Freud ent hal ▁general ized ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁by ▁prov ing ▁the ▁Freud ent hal ▁spectral ▁theorem , ▁a ▁result ▁in ▁R iesz ▁space ▁theory ; ▁this ▁contains ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁as ▁a ▁special ▁case . ▁ ▁If ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁Ban ach ▁space ▁and ▁the ▁general ization ▁of ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁also ▁holds , ▁mut atis ▁mut and is , ▁for ▁functions ▁with ▁values ▁in ▁, ▁then ▁ ▁is ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁property . ▁All ▁Hil bert ▁spaces ▁have ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁property . ▁ ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁derivative ▁The ▁function ▁ ▁satisfying ▁the ▁above ▁equality ▁is ▁uniqu ely ▁defined ▁up ▁to ▁a ▁- null ▁set , ▁that ▁is , ▁if ▁ ▁is ▁another
|
▁function ▁which ▁satisfies ▁the ▁same ▁property , ▁then ▁ ▁- al most ▁everywhere . ▁ ▁is ▁commonly ▁written ▁ ▁and ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁derivative . ▁The ▁choice ▁of ▁notation ▁and ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁function ▁reflects ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁function ▁is ▁analog ous ▁to ▁a ▁derivative ▁in ▁calcul us ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁that ▁it ▁describes ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁change ▁of ▁density ▁of ▁one ▁measure ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁another ▁( the ▁way ▁the ▁Jacob ian ▁determin ant ▁is ▁used ▁in ▁mult iv ari able ▁integration ). ▁A ▁similar ▁theorem ▁can ▁be ▁proven ▁for ▁signed ▁and ▁complex ▁measures : ▁namely , ▁that ▁if ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁non negative ▁ σ - finite ▁measure , ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁finite - val ued ▁signed ▁or ▁complex ▁measure ▁such ▁that ▁, ▁i . e . ▁ ▁is ▁absolutely ▁continuous ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁, ▁then ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁- integr able ▁real - ▁or ▁complex - val ued ▁function ▁ ▁on ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁for ▁every ▁meas urable ▁set ▁, ▁ ▁Examples ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁following ▁examples , ▁the ▁set ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁real ▁interval ▁[ 0 , 1 ], ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁B ore l ▁s igma - al gebra ▁on ▁. ▁▁ ▁is ▁the ▁length ▁measure ▁on ▁. ▁ ▁assign s ▁to ▁each ▁subset ▁ ▁of ▁, ▁twice ▁the ▁length ▁of ▁. ▁Then , ▁. ▁▁ ▁is ▁the ▁length ▁measure ▁on ▁. ▁ ▁assign s ▁to ▁each ▁subset ▁ ▁of ▁, ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁points ▁from ▁the
|
▁set ▁{ 0 . 1 , ▁... , ▁ 0 . 9 } ▁that ▁are ▁contained ▁in ▁. ▁Then , ▁ ▁is ▁not ▁absolutely - contin uous ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁ ▁since ▁it ▁assign s ▁non - zero ▁measure ▁to ▁zero - length ▁points . ▁Indeed , ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁derivative ▁: ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁finite ▁function ▁that , ▁when ▁integrated ▁e . g . ▁from ▁ ▁to ▁, ▁gives ▁ ▁for ▁all ▁. ▁ ▁, ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁length ▁measure ▁on ▁X ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁Dir ac ▁measure ▁on ▁ 0 ▁( it ▁assign s ▁a ▁measure ▁of ▁ 1 ▁to ▁any ▁set ▁containing ▁ 0 ▁and ▁a ▁measure ▁of ▁ 0 ▁to ▁any ▁other ▁set ). ▁Then , ▁ ▁is ▁absolutely ▁continuous ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁, ▁and ▁ ▁– ▁the ▁derivative ▁is ▁ 0 ▁at ▁ ▁and ▁ 1 ▁at ▁. ▁ ▁Ap plications ▁The ▁theorem ▁is ▁very ▁important ▁in ▁extending ▁the ▁ideas ▁of ▁probability ▁theory ▁from ▁probability ▁masses ▁and ▁probability ▁dens ities ▁defined ▁over ▁real ▁numbers ▁to ▁probability ▁measures ▁defined ▁over ▁arbitrary ▁sets . ▁It ▁tells ▁if ▁and ▁how ▁it ▁is ▁possible ▁to ▁change ▁from ▁one ▁probability ▁measure ▁to ▁another . ▁Specific ally , ▁the ▁probability ▁density ▁function ▁of ▁a ▁random ▁variable ▁is ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁derivative ▁of ▁the ▁induced ▁measure ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁some ▁base ▁measure ▁( us ually ▁the ▁Leb es gue ▁measure ▁for ▁continuous ▁random ▁variables ). ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁prove ▁the ▁existence ▁of
|
▁cond itional ▁expectation ▁for ▁probability ▁measures . ▁The ▁latter ▁itself ▁is ▁a ▁key ▁concept ▁in ▁probability ▁theory , ▁as ▁cond itional ▁probability ▁is ▁just ▁a ▁special ▁case ▁of ▁it . ▁ ▁Among st ▁other ▁fields , ▁financial ▁mathemat ics ▁uses ▁the ▁theorem ▁extens ively , ▁in ▁particular ▁via ▁the ▁G irs an ov ▁theorem . ▁Such ▁changes ▁of ▁probability ▁measure ▁are ▁the ▁corner stone ▁of ▁the ▁rational ▁pricing ▁of ▁deriv atives ▁and ▁are ▁used ▁for ▁conver ting ▁actual ▁prob abilities ▁into ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁risk ▁neutral ▁prob abilities . ▁ ▁Properties ▁ ▁Let ▁ ν , ▁ μ , ▁and ▁ λ ▁be ▁ σ - finite ▁measures ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁measure ▁space . ▁If ▁ ν ▁ <0xE2> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁ λ ▁and ▁ μ ▁ <0xE2> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁ λ ▁( ν ▁and ▁ μ ▁are ▁both ▁ ▁absolutely ▁continuous ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁ λ ), ▁then ▁▁▁ ▁If ▁ ν ▁ <0xE2> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁ μ ▁ <0xE2> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁ λ , ▁then ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁particular , ▁if ▁ μ ▁ <0xE2> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁ ν ▁and ▁ ν ▁ <0xE2> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁ μ , ▁then ▁▁▁ ▁If ▁ μ ▁ <0xE2> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁ λ ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁ μ - integr able ▁function , ▁then ▁▁▁ ▁If ▁ ν ▁is ▁a ▁finite ▁signed ▁or ▁complex ▁measure , ▁then ▁ ▁Further ▁applications ▁ ▁Information ▁diver g ences ▁If ▁ μ ▁and ▁ ν ▁are ▁measures ▁over ▁, ▁and ▁ μ ▁ <0xE2> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁ ν
|
▁▁ ▁The ▁K ull back – Le ib ler ▁diver gence ▁from ▁ μ ▁to ▁ ν ▁is ▁defined ▁to ▁be ▁▁▁ ▁For ▁ α ▁> ▁ 0 , ▁ α ▁ ≠ ▁ 1 ▁the ▁Ré ny i ▁diver gence ▁of ▁order ▁ α ▁from ▁ μ ▁to ▁ ν ▁is ▁defined ▁to ▁be ▁ ▁The ▁assumption ▁of ▁ σ - f init eness ▁The ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁makes ▁the ▁assumption ▁that ▁the ▁measure ▁ μ ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁which ▁one ▁comp utes ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁change ▁of ▁ ν ▁is ▁ σ - finite . ▁Here ▁is ▁an ▁example ▁when ▁ μ ▁is ▁not ▁ σ - finite ▁and ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁fails ▁to ▁hold . ▁ ▁Consider ▁the ▁B ore l ▁ σ - al gebra ▁on ▁the ▁real ▁line . ▁Let ▁the ▁counting ▁measure , ▁, ▁of ▁a ▁B ore l ▁set ▁ ▁be ▁defined ▁as ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁elements ▁of ▁ ▁if ▁ ▁is ▁finite , ▁and ▁ ▁otherwise . ▁One ▁can ▁check ▁that ▁ ▁is ▁indeed ▁a ▁measure . ▁It ▁is ▁not ▁- finite , ▁as ▁not ▁every ▁B ore l ▁set ▁is ▁at ▁most ▁a ▁count able ▁union ▁of ▁finite ▁sets . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁usual ▁Leb es gue ▁measure ▁on ▁this ▁B ore l ▁algebra . ▁Then , ▁ ▁is ▁absolutely ▁continuous ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁, ▁since ▁for ▁a ▁set ▁ ▁one ▁has ▁ ▁only ▁if ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁empty ▁set , ▁and
|
▁then ▁ ▁is ▁also ▁zero . ▁ ▁Assume ▁that ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁holds , ▁that ▁is , ▁for ▁some ▁meas urable ▁function ▁ ▁one ▁has ▁ ▁for ▁all ▁B ore l ▁sets . ▁Taking ▁ ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁sing leton ▁set , ▁ ▁and ▁using ▁the ▁above ▁equality , ▁one ▁finds ▁ ▁for ▁all ▁real ▁numbers ▁. ▁This ▁implies ▁that ▁the ▁function ▁, ▁and ▁therefore ▁the ▁Leb es gue ▁measure ▁, ▁is ▁zero , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁contrad iction . ▁ ▁Pro of ▁This ▁section ▁gives ▁a ▁measure - the oret ic ▁proof ▁of ▁the ▁theorem . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁functional - anal yt ic ▁proof , ▁using ▁Hil bert ▁space ▁methods , ▁that ▁was ▁first ▁given ▁by ▁von ▁Ne um ann . ▁ ▁For ▁finite ▁measures ▁ ▁and ▁, ▁the ▁idea ▁is ▁to ▁consider ▁functions ▁ ▁with ▁. ▁The ▁sup rem um ▁of ▁all ▁such ▁functions , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁mon ot one ▁convergence ▁theorem , ▁then ▁furn ishes ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁derivative . ▁The ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁remaining ▁part ▁of ▁ ▁is ▁singular ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁ ▁follows ▁from ▁a ▁technical ▁fact ▁about ▁finite ▁measures . ▁Once ▁the ▁result ▁is ▁established ▁for ▁finite ▁measures , ▁extending ▁to ▁- finite , ▁signed , ▁and ▁complex ▁measures ▁can ▁be ▁done ▁naturally . ▁The ▁details ▁are ▁given ▁below . ▁ ▁For ▁finite ▁measures ▁First , ▁suppose ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁are ▁both ▁finite - val ued ▁non negative ▁measures . ▁Let ▁ ▁be
|
▁the ▁set ▁of ▁those ▁meas urable ▁functions ▁ ▁such ▁that : ▁ ▁, ▁since ▁it ▁contains ▁at ▁least ▁the ▁zero ▁function . ▁Now ▁let ▁, ▁and ▁suppose ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁arbitrary ▁meas urable ▁set , ▁and ▁define : ▁ ▁Then ▁one ▁has ▁ ▁and ▁therefore , ▁. ▁ ▁Now , ▁let ▁be ▁a ▁sequence ▁of ▁functions ▁in ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁ ▁By ▁replacing ▁ ▁with ▁the ▁maximum ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁ ▁functions , ▁one ▁can ▁assume ▁that ▁the ▁sequence ▁ ▁is ▁increasing . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁an ▁extended - val ued ▁function ▁defined ▁as ▁ ▁By ▁Leb es gue ' s ▁mon ot one ▁convergence ▁theorem , ▁one ▁has ▁ ▁for ▁each ▁, ▁and ▁hence , ▁. ▁Also , ▁by ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁, ▁ ▁Now , ▁since ▁, ▁ ▁defines ▁a ▁non negative ▁measure ▁on ▁. ▁Suppose ▁; ▁then , ▁since ▁ ▁is ▁finite , ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁Let ▁( P , N ) ▁be ▁a ▁H ahn ▁decomposition ▁for ▁the ▁signed ▁measure ▁. ▁Note ▁that ▁for ▁every ▁ ▁one ▁has ▁, ▁and ▁hence , ▁ ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁indicator ▁function ▁of ▁. ▁Also , ▁note ▁that ▁; ▁for ▁if ▁, ▁then ▁( since ▁ ▁is ▁absolutely ▁continuous ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁) ▁, ▁so ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁contrad ict ing ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁. ▁ ▁Then , ▁since ▁▁ ▁and ▁satisfies ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁impossible ; ▁therefore , ▁the ▁initial ▁assumption ▁that ▁ ▁must ▁be ▁false . ▁Hence , ▁, ▁as ▁desired . ▁ ▁Now ,
|
▁since ▁ ▁is ▁- integr able , ▁the ▁set ▁is ▁- null . ▁Therefore , ▁if ▁a ▁ ▁is ▁defined ▁as ▁ ▁then ▁ ▁has ▁the ▁desired ▁properties . ▁ ▁As ▁for ▁the ▁uniqu eness , ▁let ▁ ▁be ▁meas urable ▁functions ▁satisfying ▁ ▁for ▁every ▁meas urable ▁set ▁. ▁Then , ▁ ▁is ▁- integr able , ▁and ▁ ▁In ▁particular , ▁for ▁ ▁or ▁ ▁It ▁follows ▁that ▁ ▁and ▁so , ▁that ▁ ▁- al most ▁everywhere ; ▁the ▁same ▁is ▁true ▁for ▁, ▁and ▁thus , ▁ ▁- al most ▁everywhere , ▁as ▁desired . ▁ ▁For ▁- finite ▁positive ▁measures ▁If ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁are ▁- finite , ▁then ▁ ▁can ▁be ▁written ▁as ▁the ▁union ▁of ▁a ▁sequence ▁ ▁of ▁dis joint ▁sets ▁in ▁, ▁each ▁of ▁which ▁has ▁finite ▁measure ▁under ▁both ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁For ▁each ▁, ▁by ▁the ▁finite ▁case , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁- me as urable ▁function ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁ ▁for ▁each ▁- me as urable ▁subset ▁ ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁sum ▁of ▁those ▁functions ▁is ▁then ▁the ▁required ▁function ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁▁ ▁As ▁for ▁the ▁uniqu eness , ▁since ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁is ▁- al most ▁everywhere ▁unique , ▁then ▁so ▁is ▁. ▁ ▁For ▁signed ▁and ▁complex ▁measures ▁If ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁- finite ▁signed ▁measure , ▁then ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁H ahn – J ord an ▁decom posed ▁as ▁ ▁where ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁measures ▁is ▁finite . ▁App lying ▁the ▁previous ▁result ▁to ▁those ▁two
|
▁measures , ▁one ▁obt ains ▁two ▁functions , ▁, ▁satisfying ▁the ▁Rad on – N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁for ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁respectively , ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁- integr able ▁( i . e ., ▁its ▁integral ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁ ▁is ▁finite ). ▁It ▁is ▁clear ▁then ▁that ▁ ▁satisfies ▁the ▁required ▁properties , ▁including ▁uniqu eness , ▁since ▁both ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁are ▁unique ▁up ▁to ▁- al most ▁everywhere ▁equality . ▁ ▁If ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁complex ▁measure , ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁decom posed ▁as ▁, ▁where ▁both ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁are ▁finite - val ued ▁signed ▁measures . ▁App lying ▁the ▁above ▁argument , ▁one ▁obt ains ▁two ▁functions , ▁, ▁satisfying ▁the ▁required ▁properties ▁for ▁ ▁and ▁, ▁respectively . ▁Clearly , ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁required ▁function . ▁ ▁The ▁Leb es gue ▁decomposition ▁theorem ▁Leb es gue ' s ▁decomposition ▁theorem ▁shows ▁that ▁the ▁assumptions ▁of ▁the ▁Rad on - N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁even ▁in ▁a ▁situation ▁which ▁is ▁seemingly ▁more ▁general . ▁Consider ▁a ▁ σ - finite ▁positive ▁measure ▁ ▁on ▁the ▁measure ▁space ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁ σ - finite ▁signed ▁measure ▁ ▁on ▁, ▁without ▁assuming ▁any ▁absolute ▁continu ity . ▁Then ▁there ▁exist ▁unique ▁signed ▁measures ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁on ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁, ▁, ▁and ▁. ▁The ▁Rad on - N ik od ym ▁theorem ▁can ▁then ▁be ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁pair ▁. ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁G irs an ov ▁theorem ▁Rad
|
on – N ik od ym ▁set ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Cont ains ▁a ▁proof ▁for ▁vector ▁measures ▁assuming ▁values ▁in ▁a ▁Ban ach ▁space . ▁▁ ▁Cont ains ▁a ▁luc id ▁proof ▁in ▁case ▁the ▁measure ▁ ν ▁is ▁not ▁ σ - finite . ▁▁▁▁ ▁Cont ains ▁a ▁proof ▁of ▁the ▁general isation . ▁▁▁ ▁Category : The ore ms ▁in ▁measure ▁theory ▁Category : Art icles ▁containing ▁proof s ▁Category : General izations ▁of ▁the ▁derivative ▁Category : Integr al ▁representations <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁following ▁table ▁shows ▁the ▁European ▁record ▁progress ion ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁ 8 0 0 ▁metres , ▁as ▁rat ified ▁by ▁the ▁E AA ▁ ▁Hand ▁timing ▁▁ ▁(* ) ▁Performance ▁tim ed ▁over ▁ 8 8 0 ▁yards ▁ ▁Autom atic ▁timing ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ 8 0 0 ▁m ▁European ▁record ▁European ▁ 8 0 0 ▁metres ▁record <0x0A> </s> ▁E ud onia ▁comm ort alis ▁is ▁a ▁m oth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cr amb idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Harrison ▁Gray ▁D yar ▁Jr . ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁where ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁from ▁Alaska ▁to ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁Washington ▁and ▁California . ▁ ▁Adult s ▁have ▁been ▁recorded ▁on ▁wing ▁from ▁April ▁to ▁September . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁Category : Sc op ari ina e <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁Japanese ▁actor . ▁
|
▁Career ▁S ug ata ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Y aman ashi ▁P ref ect ure . ▁ ▁He ▁star red ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁film ▁Conf essions ▁of ▁a ▁Dog . ▁ ▁He ▁appeared ▁in ▁Am ir ▁N ader i ' s ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁film ▁Cut . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Film ▁▁ ▁Ab un ai ▁D ek a ▁( 1 9 8 7 ) ▁ ▁B aka ▁Y aro ! ▁ 2 : ▁Sh ia w ase ▁ni ▁Nar it ai ▁( 1 9 8 9 ) ▁ ▁Water ▁Moon ▁( 1 9 8 9 ) ▁ ▁Dance ▁T ill ▁Tom orrow ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁To ei ▁Hero ▁Da ish ug o ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁K oi ▁to ▁Han abi ▁to ▁Kan r ans ha ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ ▁Sh ura ▁ga ▁Y uk u ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Y om iga er u ▁K int ar ou ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Tab oo ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Tom ie : ▁Re play ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁P ulse ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁I chi ▁the ▁K iller ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Gun ▁C razy ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Mom ant ai ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Gr ave yard ▁of ▁Honor ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Al ive
|
▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Ky oki ▁no ▁Sak ura ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Kill ▁Bill : ▁Volume ▁ 1 ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Last ▁Sam ur ai ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Heat ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁I zo ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁S ats uj in ▁Net ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Lady ▁J oker ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Ghost ▁Sh out ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁G ok ud ou ▁no ▁On na ▁T achi ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Sh is so ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Conf essions ▁of ▁a ▁Dog ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Dor oro ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Ton ari ▁Mach i ▁S ens ou ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Zero ▁Woman ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Gl ory ▁to ▁the ▁Fil mm aker ! ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Captain ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Sak ig ake !! ▁O tok oj uk u ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Ch ame le on ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁In ju : ▁The ▁Be ast ▁in ▁the ▁Shadow ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Tokyo ▁G ore ▁Police ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁To ch ka ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Bun r aku
|
▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Str angers ▁in ▁the ▁City ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Heaven ' s ▁Story ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁D irty ▁He arts ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Cut ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Play back ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Out rage ▁Beyond ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁He ise i ▁R iders ▁vs . ▁Sh ō wa ▁R iders : ▁K amen ▁R ider ▁T ais en ▁feat . ▁Super ▁S ent ai ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Gon in ▁S aga ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁▁ 6 4 : ▁Part ▁I ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁▁ 6 4 : ▁Part ▁II ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Rou pe iro ▁no ▁Y ū ut su ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Butter fly ▁Sleep ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Television ▁ ▁Birth ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ! ▁K amen ▁R iders ▁All ▁Together !! ▁( 1 9 8 4 , ▁TV ▁Movie ) ▁as ▁R yo ▁Mur as ame ▁/ ▁K amen ▁R ider ▁Z X ▁ ▁K ek ko ▁K amen ▁ 3 ▁( 1 9 9 3 , ▁Video ) ▁ ▁Tok us ou ▁Rob o ▁Jan person ▁( 1 9 9 3 - 1 9 9 4 ) ▁as ▁Ry uz ab ur ou ▁T ate w aki ▁/ ▁Bill ▁Gold y ▁ ▁Ju uk ou
|
▁B - F ighter ▁( 1 9 9 5 - 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Be - B op ▁High ▁School ▁( 1 9 9 6 - 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Sh iz u ka ▁nar u ▁Don ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ ▁N an b ak iny u ud en ▁Min ami ▁no ▁Te io ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁O re ▁no ▁S ora ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Engine ▁S ent ai ▁Go - ong er ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁as ▁G ang ▁Father ▁ ▁Ten ch ij in ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁as ▁Sh ib ata ▁K ats u ie ▁ ▁I sh its ub ute ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Support ing ▁Act ors ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : J apan ese ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Act ors ▁from ▁Y aman ashi ▁P ref ect ure ▁Category : K amen ▁R ider ▁Category : J apan ese ▁male ▁actors <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Women ' s ▁First ▁Football ▁League ▁is ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁season ▁of ▁Turkey ' s ▁premier ▁women ' s ▁football ▁league . ▁Kon ak ▁Bel edi yes por ▁is ▁the ▁champion ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁ ▁Te ams ▁ ▁League
|
▁table ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Top sc or ers ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁K ad ı nl ar ▁ 1 . ▁L igi ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Se zon u ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁domestic ▁women ' s ▁association ▁football ▁le agues ▁Women ' s <0x0A> </s> ▁River ton ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁several ▁places : ▁In ▁Australia ▁River ton , ▁South ▁Australia , ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁and ▁former ▁railway ▁jun ction ▁in ▁the ▁mid ▁north ▁of ▁South ▁Australia ▁River ton , ▁Western ▁Australia , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Per th , ▁Western ▁Australia ▁E lector al ▁district ▁of ▁River ton , ▁an ▁elect or ate ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁Australian ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly , ▁cent red ▁on ▁the ▁sub urb ▁ ▁In ▁Canada ▁River ton , ▁Man it oba , ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁River ton , ▁Nova ▁Scot ia , ▁a ▁small ▁community ▁in ▁Pict ou ▁County ▁ ▁In ▁Jama ica ▁River ton ▁City , ▁Jama ica ▁ ▁In ▁New ▁Zealand ▁River ton , ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁at ▁the ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁Island ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁ ▁In ▁South ▁Africa ▁River ton , ▁a ▁resort ▁on ▁the ▁Va al ▁River ▁outside ▁Kim ber ley , ▁Northern ▁Cape ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁of ▁America ▁River ton , ▁California ▁River ton ▁Historic ▁District ▁( B ark ham sted , ▁Connecticut ) ▁River ton , ▁Illinois
|
▁River ton , ▁Indiana ▁River ton , ▁Iowa ▁River ton , ▁Kansas ▁River ton , ▁Kentucky ▁River ton , ▁Minnesota ▁River ton , ▁Missouri ▁River ton , ▁Neb r aska ▁River ton , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁River ton , ▁New ▁York ▁River ton ▁H ouses , ▁a ▁residential ▁development ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁River ton , ▁Utah ▁River ton , ▁Washington ▁River ton , ▁West ▁Virginia ▁River ton , ▁Wy oming ▁ ▁River ton ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁River ton ▁Prize , ▁a ▁Norweg ian ▁crime ▁fiction ▁award ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁M ia ▁River ton ▁ ▁River town ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Town ▁River <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Albert ▁L . ▁Morgan ▁( 3 ▁November ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁– ▁after ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁professional ▁football er ▁born ▁in ▁Old ▁Hill , ▁C rad ley ▁He ath , ▁Staff ord shire , ▁who ▁played ▁either ▁at ▁outside ▁left ▁or ▁inside ▁left . ▁He ▁played ▁for ▁Birmingham , ▁Cov entry ▁City ▁and ▁Cry stal ▁Palace ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁League , ▁and ▁was ▁c apped ▁once ▁for ▁a ▁Football ▁League ▁representative ▁side . ▁ ▁Morgan ' s ▁appearance ▁for ▁the ▁Football ▁League ▁XI ▁came ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁against ▁the ▁Scottish ▁League ▁at ▁his ▁home ▁ground ▁of ▁St ▁Andrew ' s , ▁Birmingham , ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁representative ▁match ▁played ▁after ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War . ▁He ▁set ▁up ▁the ▁second ▁goal ▁for ▁Bob ▁Wh itting ham ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1
|
▁win , ▁and ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Daily ▁Express ▁reporter , ▁" the ▁pick " ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁XI ▁were ▁Morgan , ▁Wh itting ham ▁and ▁Joe ▁Cl enn ell . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : People ▁from ▁C rad ley ▁He ath ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : C rad ley ▁He ath ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B irmingham ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : C ov entry ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : C ry stal ▁Palace ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁representative ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Andre as ▁O ls en ▁H ø la as ▁( 2 8 ▁July ▁ 1 8 3 2 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Norweg ian ▁civil ▁servant , ▁aud itor ▁and ▁politician ▁for ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Party . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁L ek sv ik ▁as ▁a ▁son ▁of ▁farmers . ▁He ▁finished ▁secondary ▁education ▁as ▁a ▁private ▁candidate ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁and ▁took ▁the ▁cand . j ur . ▁degree ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 . ▁He ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁cl erk ▁in ▁the ▁Norweg ian ▁Ministry ▁of ▁the ▁Navy ▁and ▁Post
|
al ▁Affairs ▁until ▁he ▁was ▁hired ▁in ▁the ▁Norweg ian ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Aud iting ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 . ▁From ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁to ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁he ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Aud itors - General . ▁He ▁was ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Norway , ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁contacts , ▁among ▁others ▁to ▁Joh an ▁Sver d rup , ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁involvement ▁since ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁in ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Party . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁involved ▁in ▁Krist ian ia ▁Arbe iders am fund , ▁and ▁edited ▁their ▁publications ▁Sam fund et ▁and ▁Dem okrat en . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁L ands m å l / N yn ors k ▁pro ponent . ▁From ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁V og t ▁in ▁Set es d alen . ▁ ▁H ø la as ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁J oc um ine ▁O line ▁Jon as d atter ▁St ø re ▁( 1 8 3 3 – 1 8 8 1 ) ▁from ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁to ▁her ▁death . ▁From ▁April ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁he ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Anna ▁Christ ine ▁Bak ke ▁( 1 8 4 5 – 1 9 2 0 ). ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁p ater nal ▁great - grand father ▁of ▁O dd ▁H ø la as . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁in ▁Ev je . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category
|
: 1 8 3 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 0 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁L ek sv ik ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁jur ists ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁civil ▁servants ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁aud itors ▁Category : L iber al ▁Party ▁( N or way ) ▁politicians ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁magazine ▁ed itors <0x0A> </s> ▁W W AB ▁( 1 3 3 0 ▁AM ) ▁is ▁a ▁radio ▁station ▁broadcast ing ▁a ▁variety ▁format . ▁Licensed ▁to ▁L ak eland , ▁Florida , ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁station ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁Wal co ▁Enterprise ▁LLC . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁historical ▁information ▁at ▁Radio Y ears . com ▁ ▁W AB ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁Category : L ak eland , ▁Florida ▁Category : 1 9 5 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁Mis commun ication ▁(" m is " ▁+ ▁" commun ication ") ▁is ▁defined ▁as ▁a ▁failure ▁to ▁communicate ▁ade qu ately ▁and ▁properly . ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁types ▁of ▁Commun ication ▁barrier . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁instant ▁where ▁either ▁the ▁speaker ▁is ▁unable ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁proper ▁and ▁adequate ▁information ▁to ▁the ▁hear er ▁or ▁the ▁hear er ▁mis per ceived ▁and ▁couldn ' t ▁recognised ▁the ▁communication ▁from ▁the ▁speaker . ▁The ▁cases ▁of ▁mis commun ication ▁vary ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁situation ▁and ▁persons ▁included ▁in ▁it , ▁but ▁often
|
▁result ▁in ▁confusion ▁and ▁frustration . ▁Mis commun ication ▁may , ▁in ▁some ▁cases , ▁even ▁open ▁up ▁the ▁triangle ▁of ▁other ▁factors ▁that ▁inev itably ▁leads ▁to ▁a ▁conflict . ▁ ▁Mis commun ication ▁is ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁alignment ▁of ▁agents ' ▁intellectual ▁state , ▁especially ▁when ▁they ▁diver ge ▁on ▁the ▁outcomes ▁of ▁communication . ▁The ▁type ▁of ▁mis commun ication ▁can ▁now ▁be ▁classified ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁the ▁non - align ment ▁about ▁the ▁commun ic ative ▁act . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Aber rant ▁dec oding ▁Poly se my ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Inter personal ▁communication ▁Category : Comm un ication ▁theory ▁Category : H uman ▁communication <0x0A> </s> ▁Joseph ▁Allen ▁" Jo ey " ▁Pear son ▁( born ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁pop ▁and ▁R & B ▁singer ▁and ▁actor ▁from ▁H ines ville , ▁Georgia , ▁lives ▁in ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California . ▁Jo ey ▁began ▁performing ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁nine . ▁ ▁Pear son ▁was ▁a ▁semi - final ist ▁on ▁the ▁renew ed ▁United ▁States ▁nation ally ▁synd icated ▁talent ▁show , ▁Star ▁Search , ▁star ring ▁Ar sen io ▁Hall ▁but ▁has ▁also ▁appeared ▁on ▁a ▁Christmas ▁episode ▁of ▁Jenny ▁Jones ' ▁talk ▁show , ▁performed ▁at ▁Universal ▁Studios ▁in ▁Hollywood , ▁The ▁Del ▁Mar ▁Fair ▁located ▁in ▁San ▁Diego , ▁and ▁performed ▁twice ▁at ▁the ▁fam ed ▁House ▁of ▁Blues ▁in ▁Hollywood , ▁CA , ▁among ▁other ▁ven
|
ues . ▁ ▁He ▁earned ▁awards ▁from ▁Ed ▁Mc M ah on ' s ▁Next ▁Big ▁Star ▁internet ▁contest , ▁a ▁Kids T alk ▁Young ▁A chie vers ▁Award ▁and ▁a ▁Billy ▁Gil man ▁Billy heads ▁R ising ▁Star ▁Award . ▁Jo ey ▁is ▁an ▁animal ▁lover , ▁animal ▁right ' s ▁activ ist ▁and ▁veget arian . ▁ ▁Jo ey ▁is ▁represented ▁by ▁Jos quin ▁Des ▁Pres , ▁producer , ▁song writer , ▁best - selling ▁author ▁and ▁former ▁Warner ▁Ch app ell ▁song writer ▁and ▁co - writer ▁with ▁Bernie ▁T au pin ▁and ▁is ▁also ▁represented ▁by ▁Scott ▁Carl son , ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁rock ▁band ▁Ver uc a ▁Salt ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Core y ▁H aim ▁and ▁Core y ▁F eld man , ▁among ▁others . ▁ ▁Jo ey ▁categor izes ▁himself ▁as ▁a ▁pop / r & b / s oul ▁singer ▁and ▁musician ▁and ▁c ites ▁as ▁his ▁biggest ▁influences , ▁Ste v ie ▁Wonder , ▁Don ny ▁H ath away , ▁Ot is ▁Red ding , ▁Curt is ▁May field , ▁Ray ▁Charles , ▁Are tha ▁Franklin , ▁and ▁more ▁currently , ▁John ▁Legend , ▁and ▁El ton ▁John . ▁ ▁Jo ey ▁continues ▁to ▁sing ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁area ▁in ▁his ▁local ▁church ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁school ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁employed . ▁He ▁also ▁frequently ▁posts ▁songs ▁on ▁his ▁Facebook ▁account , ▁accompanying ▁himself ▁on ▁the ▁piano . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Albums ▁Something ▁to ▁Say , ▁ 2 0 0 2
|
▁Nov el , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Aut hentic , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁EP s ▁Mir ror ▁Image , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁Television ▁ ▁The ▁Jenny ▁Jones ▁Show ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁Star ▁Search ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁M ys pace ▁Channel ▁YouTube ▁Channel ▁Track ▁Star ▁Studios ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : Part icip ants ▁in ▁American ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁San ▁Diego ▁Category : American ▁pop ▁sing ers ▁Category : American ▁child ▁sing ers ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁male ▁sing ers ▁Category : People ▁from ▁H ines ville , ▁Georgia ▁Category : Sing ers ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( U . S . ▁state ) ▁Category : American ▁contemporary ▁R & B ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁male ▁sing ers <0x0A> </s> ▁M aked ons ki ▁Glas ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁period ical ▁free ▁newspaper ▁published ▁for ▁the ▁Bl ago ev grad , ▁Bulgar ia . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : New sp apers ▁published ▁in ▁Bulgar ia ▁Category : Bul gar ian - language ▁newspapers ▁Category : Public ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Bulgar ia ▁Category : M aced on ian - language ▁newspapers <0x0A> </s>
|
▁The ▁second ▁UEFA ▁Women ' s ▁Cup ▁took ▁place ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁season . ▁It ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁Swedish ▁Dam all sv ens kan ▁side ▁U me å ▁in ▁a ▁two - le gged ▁final ▁against ▁Fort una ▁H j ør ring ▁of ▁Denmark . ▁ ▁First ▁qual ifying ▁round ▁ ▁Second ▁qual ifying ▁round ▁ ▁Group ▁ 1 ▁ ▁Group ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Group ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Group ▁ 4 ▁ ▁Group ▁ 5 ▁ ▁Group ▁ 6 ▁ ▁Group ▁ 7 ▁ ▁Group ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Quarter - fin als ▁ ▁First ▁Leg ▁ ▁Second ▁Leg ▁ ▁Sem i - fin als ▁ ▁First ▁Leg ▁ ▁Second ▁Leg ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁First ▁Leg ▁ ▁Second ▁Leg ▁ ▁Top ▁goal sc or ers ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁season ▁at ▁UEFA ▁website ▁ ▁UEFA ▁Women ' s ▁Cup ▁results ▁at ▁R SS SF ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁Cup ▁ 2 0 0 2 - 0 3 ▁UEFA ▁UEFA <0x0A> </s> ▁San ▁Juan ▁Colorado ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁and ▁municip ality ▁in ▁O ax aca ▁in ▁south - western ▁Mexico . ▁The ▁municip ality ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 8 5 . 4 8 ▁km ². ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁J amil te pec ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁Costa ▁Region . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁municip ality ▁had ▁a ▁total ▁population ▁of ▁ 8 6 6 9 . ▁
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.