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▁in ▁Moscow , ▁Russia . ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁ 4 6 1 ▁athletes ▁to ▁receive ▁a ▁Congress ional ▁Gold ▁Medal ▁many ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁male ▁modern ▁pent ath let es ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁modern ▁pent ath let es ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Mod ern ▁pent ath let es ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Columb us , ▁Ohio ▁Category : C ong ress ional ▁Gold ▁Medal ▁recip ients <0x0A> </s> ▁Hill ers bach ▁is ▁a ▁river ▁of ▁H esse , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁flows ▁into ▁the ▁N id der ▁in ▁Li ß berg . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁H esse ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁H esse ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁Ne al ▁Burn s ▁( J une ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁– ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁film ▁actor , ▁screen writer , ▁and ▁director . ▁He ▁appeared ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 ▁films ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Brist ol , ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁younger ▁brother ▁of ▁fellow ▁actor ▁Eddie ▁Barry . ▁ ▁Se lected ▁film ography ▁ ▁Ph oney ▁Phot os
▁( 1 9 1 8 ) ▁ ▁H ick ory ▁Hir am ▁( 1 9 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Mary ' s ▁An kle ▁( 1 9 2 0 ) ▁ ▁Div or ce ▁Made ▁Easy ▁( 1 9 2 9 ) ▁( direct or ) ▁ ▁S ob ▁Sister ▁( 1 9 3 1 ) ▁ ▁K ick in ' ▁the ▁Crown ▁Around ▁( 1 9 3 3 ) ▁ ▁Be hold ▁My ▁W ife ! ▁( 1 9 3 4 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Face ▁of ▁Mar ble ▁( 1 9 4 6 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Ne al ▁Burn s ▁at ▁Virtual ▁History ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Brist ol , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : American ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : American ▁male ▁screen writ ers ▁Category : M ale ▁actors ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Fil m ▁directors ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁male ▁actors ▁Category : Screen writ ers ▁from ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁Steven ▁L . ▁Jordan ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁officer . ▁Jordan ▁volunte ered ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁active ▁duty ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁war ▁in ▁Iraq , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁civil ▁affairs ▁officer ▁with ▁a ▁background ▁in ▁military ▁intelligence , ▁was ▁made ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁J oint ▁Inter rog ation ▁Deb rief ing ▁Center ▁at ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib ▁prison . ▁ ▁He
▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁alleged ▁involvement ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib ▁torture ▁and ▁prisoner ▁abuse . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁was ▁put ▁on ▁trial ▁for ▁prisoner ▁abuse ▁but ▁was ▁declared ▁innocent ▁of ▁the ▁charges . ▁ ▁He ▁left ▁the ▁Army ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib ▁ ▁Tag uba ▁and ▁F ay ▁reports ▁In ▁a ▁report ▁by ▁Army ▁Major ▁General ▁Antonio ▁Tag uba , ▁Jordan ▁was ▁among ▁several ▁described ▁as ▁being ▁" direct ly ▁or ▁indirect ly ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁ab uses ▁at ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib ". ▁Jordan ▁super vised ▁the ▁interrog ation ▁task ▁force ▁at ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁highest - rank ing ▁military ▁intelligence ▁officer ▁there , ▁serving ▁under ▁Col . ▁Thomas ▁P app as ▁who ▁was ▁granted ▁imm unity ▁from ▁prosecut ion ▁so ▁that ▁he ▁can ▁test ify ▁against ▁Jordan . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Jordan ▁became ▁the ▁highest ▁ranking ▁Army ▁officer ▁to ▁face ▁charges ▁relating ▁to ▁the ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib ▁abuse ▁when ▁charges ▁were ▁filed ▁against ▁him , ▁including ▁opp ress ing ▁det aine es , ▁lying ▁about ▁abuse , ▁and ▁der el iction ▁of ▁duty . ▁ ▁Major ▁General ▁George ▁F ay ▁and ▁Lieutenant ▁General ▁Anthony ▁Jones ▁were ▁appointed ▁to ▁look ▁into ▁the ▁abuse ▁at ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁findings ▁were ▁made ▁in ▁their ▁investig ative ▁report , ▁with ▁recommendations
▁the ▁authorities ▁should ▁take ▁against ▁the ▁officers ▁and ▁en listed ▁soldiers ▁im plicated ▁in ▁the ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib ▁prisoner ▁abuse , ▁including ▁Jordan . ▁ ▁The ▁report ▁alleged ▁that ▁Jordan ▁failed ▁to ▁properly ▁train ▁soldiers ▁and ▁civ ilians ▁on ▁the ▁I CR P , ▁failed ▁to ▁take ▁full ▁responsibility ▁for ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁the ▁Director , ▁J ID C , ▁failed ▁to ▁establish ▁the ▁necessary ▁checks ▁and ▁bal ances ▁to ▁prevent ▁and ▁detect ▁ab uses , ▁was ▁der el ict ▁in ▁his ▁duties ▁by ▁failing ▁to ▁establish ▁order ▁on ▁the ▁night ▁of ▁ 2 4 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁contributing ▁to ▁a ▁cha otic ▁situation ▁in ▁which ▁det aine es ▁were ▁ab used , ▁failed ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁un authorized ▁use ▁of ▁dogs ▁and ▁prisoners ▁being ▁kept ▁naked ▁while ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁senior ▁officer ▁at ▁the ▁site , ▁failed ▁to ▁accurately ▁and ▁tim ely ▁relay ▁critical ▁information ▁to ▁his ▁commander , ▁COL ▁P app as , ▁and ▁was ▁alleg edly ▁dece it ful ▁during ▁the ▁investigation . ▁ ▁The ▁report ▁also ▁charged ▁that ▁Jordan ▁failed ▁to ▁obey ▁a ▁law ful ▁order ▁to ▁refr ain ▁from ▁contact ing ▁anyone ▁except ▁his ▁attorney ▁regarding ▁the ▁investigation ▁by ▁sol ic iting ▁support ▁by ▁email ▁from ▁others ▁who ▁were ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁investigation . ▁ ▁Court ▁mart ial ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Jordan ▁was ▁tried ▁by ▁court ▁mart ial ▁on ▁charges ▁of ▁failure ▁to ▁obey ▁regulations , ▁cruel ty ▁and ▁m alt reat ment ▁of ▁det aine es , ▁der el
iction ▁of ▁duty , ▁making ▁a ▁false ▁official ▁statement , ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁justice , ▁and ▁discussing ▁the ▁investigation ▁with ▁others ▁when ▁ordered ▁not ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁pres iding ▁judge ▁at ▁Jordan ' s ▁court ▁mart ial ▁dismissed ▁two ▁charges ▁against ▁him ▁after ▁Major ▁General ▁George ▁F ay ▁admitted ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁read ▁Jordan ▁his ▁rights ▁before ▁interview ing ▁him ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁ab uses ▁that ▁had ▁taken ▁place . ▁ ▁This ▁admission ▁contrad icted ▁his ▁sw orn ▁testimony ▁at ▁a ▁March ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁pret rial ▁hearing ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁test ified ▁under ▁o ath ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁advised ▁Jordan ▁of ▁his ▁rights . ▁The ▁charges ▁dismissed ▁were ▁making ▁a ▁false ▁official ▁statement ▁and ▁false ▁sw earing ▁and ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁justice . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁prosecut ors ▁narrow ed ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁cruel ty ▁and ▁m alt reat ment ▁charge ▁from ▁a ▁three - month ▁period ▁to ▁one ▁day . ▁Jordan ▁was ▁only ▁tried ▁on ▁this ▁charge ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁November ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁during ▁a ▁weapons ▁search . ▁ ▁Jordan ▁assert ed ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁sc ap ego at ▁" because ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁reserv ist , ▁is ▁considered ▁expend able ". ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁his ▁belief ▁that ▁interrog ation ▁procedures ▁were ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁Colonel ▁Thomas ▁P app as , ▁the ▁intelligence ▁brig ade ▁commander
▁and ▁highest - rank ing ▁officer ▁at ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib , ▁and ▁Captain ▁Carol yn ▁Wood , ▁leader ▁of ▁a ▁unit ▁within ▁the ▁interrog ation ▁center ▁called ▁the ▁Inter rog ation ▁Command ▁Element . ▁ ▁Neither ▁of ▁these ▁two ▁officers ▁has ▁been ▁charged , ▁although ▁P app as ▁was ▁fin ed ▁$ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁appro ving ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁dogs ▁during ▁an ▁interrog ation ▁without ▁higher ▁approval . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁trial , ▁witnesses ▁for ▁the ▁prosecut ion ▁appeared ▁to ▁support ▁some ▁of ▁Jordan ' s ▁claims . ▁P app as ▁test ified ▁that ▁Jordan ' s ▁respons ibilities ▁involved ▁improving ▁the ▁quality ▁of ▁life ▁for ▁soldiers ▁at ▁the ▁base ▁and ▁" im pro ving ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁intelligence ▁information ". ▁ ▁He ▁admitted ▁that ▁he ▁advised ▁Jordan ▁to ▁" let ▁the ▁experienced ▁interrog ators ▁run ▁the ▁interrog ations ." ▁ ▁P app as ▁also ▁test ified ▁that ▁Jordan ▁was ▁not ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁police ▁who ▁ran ▁the ▁prison ▁and ▁who ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁ab uses . ▁He ▁further ▁st ip ulated ▁that ▁military ▁police ▁were ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁November ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁weapons ▁search ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁personally ▁observed , ▁and ▁found ▁no ▁issues ▁with . ▁ ▁Other ▁soldiers ▁test ified ▁that ▁Jordan ▁was ▁not ▁present ▁during ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁ab uses . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Jordan ▁was ▁convicted ▁of ▁dis ob ey ing ▁an
▁order ▁not ▁to ▁discuss ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁investigation ▁into ▁the ▁alleg ations , ▁but ▁found ▁innocent ▁on ▁all ▁other ▁charges . ▁ ▁The ▁next ▁day ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁a ▁military ▁judge ▁issued ▁Jordan ▁a ▁re prim and ▁for ▁dis ob ey ing ▁the ▁order . ▁ ▁On ▁review ▁on ▁January ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Jordan ' s ▁conviction ▁and ▁sentence ▁were ▁dismissed ▁by ▁Major ▁General ▁Richard ▁J . ▁R owe , ▁command ing ▁general ▁of ▁the ▁Military ▁District ▁of ▁Washington . ▁ ▁R owe ▁issued ▁Jordan ▁an ▁administrative ▁re prim and ▁questioning ▁Jordan ' s ▁decision ▁to ▁dis ob ey ▁F ay ' s ▁order ▁not ▁to ▁communicate ▁with ▁anyone ▁other ▁than ▁his ▁att orneys ▁during ▁F ay ' s ▁investigation . ▁ ▁Military ▁awards ▁Jordan ▁received ▁the ▁following ▁awards , ▁service ▁med als , ▁and ▁rib b ons ▁during ▁his ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Army : ▁ ▁Pur ple ▁Heart ▁Defense ▁Mer itor ious ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Mer itor ious ▁Service ▁Medal ▁with ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl uster ▁J oint ▁Service ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal , ▁Army ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal ▁Army ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal ▁with ▁four ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl usters ▁Army ▁A chie vement ▁Medal ▁J oint ▁Mer itor ious ▁Unit ▁Award ▁Good ▁Con duct ▁Medal ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁Com ponents ▁A chie vement ▁Medal ▁National ▁Defense ▁Service ▁Medal ▁with ▁service ▁star ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁Ex ped ition ary ▁Medal ▁Iraq ▁Campaign ▁Medal ▁with ▁campaign
▁star ▁Global ▁War ▁on ▁T error ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Korea ▁Defense ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Human itarian ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁Reserve ▁Medal ▁with ▁silver ▁hour glass ▁and ▁" M " ▁devices ▁Army ▁Service ▁R ib bon ▁O verse as ▁Service ▁R ib bon ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁Com ponents ▁O verse as ▁Training ▁R ib bon ▁NAT O ▁Medal ▁( Form er ▁Y ug oslav ia ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁officers ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁military ▁personnel ▁at ▁the ▁Abu ▁Gh ra ib ▁prison ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁personnel ▁who ▁were ▁court - mart ial ed ▁Category : People ▁from ▁South ▁Dakota ▁Category : Mil itary ▁personnel ▁from ▁Frederick sburg , ▁Virginia <0x0A> </s> ▁Leo ▁H icks ▁( 2 4 ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁was ▁ ▁a ▁former ▁Australian ▁rules ▁football er ▁who ▁played ▁with ▁Fitz roy ▁and ▁Coll ing wood ▁in ▁the ▁Victorian ▁Football ▁League ▁( V FL ). ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁Profile ▁at ▁Coll ing wood ▁Fore ver ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rules ▁football ers ▁from ▁Victoria ▁( Austral ia ) ▁Category : F itz roy ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : Coll ing wood ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : Y ar
raw ong a ▁Football ▁Club ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Dec imation , ▁Dec imate , ▁or ▁vari ants ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Dec imation ▁( R oman ▁army ), ▁pun itive ▁discipline ▁in ▁Roman ▁arm ies ▁ ▁Dec imation ▁( signal ▁processing ), ▁reduction ▁of ▁digital ▁signal ' s ▁sampling ▁rate ▁ ▁Dec imation ▁( com ics ), ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Marvel ▁c ros so ver ▁spin off ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁M ▁ ▁Dec imate ▁( game ▁show ), ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁BBC ▁television ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Dec im ator ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Jean - Hen ri ▁Iz amo ▁( d ied ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 6 ) ▁was ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁g endar mer ie ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁African ▁Republic . ▁He ▁was ▁killed ▁following ▁the ▁Saint - S yl vest re ▁coup ▁d ' ét at . ▁ ▁Saint - S yl vest re ▁coup ▁d ' ét at ▁ ▁Central ▁African ▁Republic ▁President ▁David ▁D ack o , ▁Jean - B éd el ▁B ok ass a ' s ▁cousin , ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁and ▁B ok ass a , ▁a ▁military ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁army , ▁joined ▁the ▁C AR ▁army ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁By ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁the ▁country ▁was ▁in ▁tur mo il — pl ag ued ▁by ▁corruption ▁and ▁slow ▁economic ▁growth , ▁while ▁its ▁borders ▁were ▁bre ached
▁by ▁reb els ▁from ▁neighbor ing ▁countries . ▁D ack o ▁obtained ▁financial ▁aid ▁from ▁the ▁commun ist ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China , ▁but ▁despite ▁this ▁support , ▁the ▁country ' s ▁problems ▁pers isted . ▁B ok ass a ▁made ▁plans ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁government ; ▁D ack o ▁became ▁aware ▁of ▁this , ▁and ▁counter ed ▁by ▁forming ▁the ▁g endar mer ie ▁headed ▁by ▁Iz amo ▁of ▁the ▁Sara ▁ethnic ▁group , ▁who ▁quickly ▁became ▁D ack o ' s ▁closest ▁adv iser . ▁ ▁T ensions ▁between ▁D ack o ▁and ▁B ok ass a ▁increased . ▁In ▁December , ▁D ack o ▁approved ▁a ▁budget ▁increase ▁for ▁Iz amo ' s ▁g endar mer ie , ▁but ▁rejected ▁the ▁budget ▁proposal ▁for ▁B ok ass a ' s ▁army . ▁At ▁this ▁point , ▁B ok ass a ▁told ▁friends ▁he ▁was ▁annoy ed ▁by ▁D ack o ' s ▁treatment ▁and ▁was ▁" going ▁for ▁a ▁coup ▁d ' ét at ". ▁D ack o ▁planned ▁to ▁replace ▁B ok ass a ▁with ▁Iz amo ▁as ▁his ▁personal ▁military ▁adv iser , ▁and ▁wanted ▁to ▁promote ▁army ▁officers ▁loyal ▁to ▁the ▁government , ▁while ▁dem oting ▁B ok ass a ▁and ▁his ▁close ▁associ ates . ▁B ok ass a ▁realized ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁act ▁against ▁D ack o ▁quickly , ▁and ▁worried ▁that ▁his ▁ 5 0 0 - man ▁army ▁would ▁be ▁no ▁match ▁for ▁the ▁g endar mer ie ▁and ▁the
▁presidential ▁guard . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁concerned ▁the ▁French ▁would ▁interven e ▁to ▁aid ▁D ack o , ▁as ▁had ▁occurred ▁after ▁the ▁ 2 3 ▁February ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁coup ▁d ' ét at ▁in ▁Gab on ▁against ▁President ▁Lé on ▁M ' ba . ▁After ▁receiving ▁word ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁from ▁the ▁country ' s ▁military ▁chief ▁of ▁staff , ▁O mar ▁B ongo , ▁officials ▁in ▁Paris ▁sent ▁par atro op ers ▁to ▁Gab on ▁in ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁hours ▁and ▁M ' ba ▁was ▁quickly ▁restored ▁to ▁power . ▁ ▁B ok ass a ▁found ▁substant ive ▁support ▁from ▁his ▁co - con spir ator , ▁Captain ▁Alexand re ▁B anza , ▁who ▁was ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Camp ▁K ass a ï ▁military ▁base ▁in ▁nort heast ▁Bang ui , ▁and , ▁like ▁B ok ass a , ▁had ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁army ▁in ▁posts ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁B anza ▁was ▁an ▁intelligent , ▁ambitious ▁and ▁capable ▁man ▁who ▁played ▁a ▁major ▁role ▁in ▁planning ▁the ▁coup . ▁By ▁December , ▁many ▁people ▁began ▁to ▁anticip ate ▁the ▁potential ▁tur mo il ▁that ▁would ▁result . ▁D ack o ' s ▁personal ▁advis ers ▁alert ed ▁him ▁that ▁B ok ass a ▁" show ed ▁signs ▁of ▁mental ▁inst ability " ▁and ▁needed ▁to ▁be ▁arrested ▁before ▁he ▁sought ▁to ▁bring ▁down ▁the ▁government , ▁but ▁D ack o ▁failed ▁to ▁he ed ▁these ▁warnings . ▁ ▁Execut ion ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁ ▁Early ▁in
▁the ▁evening ▁of ▁ 3 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁D ack o ▁left ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁de ▁la ▁Rena issance ▁to ▁visit ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁minister s ' ▁plant ations ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁capital . ▁At ▁ 2 2 : 3 0 ▁W AT ▁( UTC ▁ 2 1 : 3 0 ), ▁Captain ▁B anza ▁gave ▁orders ▁to ▁his ▁officers ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁coup : ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁capt ains ▁was ▁to ▁sub due ▁the ▁security ▁guard ▁in ▁the ▁presidential ▁palace , ▁while ▁the ▁other ▁was ▁to ▁take ▁control ▁of ▁Radio - B ang ui ▁to ▁prevent ▁communication ▁between ▁D ack o ▁and ▁his ▁followers . ▁B ok ass a ▁called ▁Iz amo ▁at ▁his ▁headquarters , ▁asking ▁him ▁to ▁come ▁to ▁Camp ▁de ▁Rou x ▁to ▁sign ▁some ▁papers ▁that ▁needed ▁his ▁immediate ▁attention . ▁Iz amo , ▁who ▁was ▁at ▁a ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁Eve ▁celebration ▁with ▁friends , ▁reluct antly ▁agreed ▁and ▁traveled ▁in ▁his ▁wife ' s ▁car ▁to ▁the ▁camp . ▁Upon ▁arrival , ▁he ▁was ▁confront ed ▁by ▁B anza ▁and ▁B ok ass a , ▁who ▁informed ▁him ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁in ▁progress . ▁When ▁asked ▁if ▁he ▁would ▁support ▁the ▁coup , ▁Iz amo ▁said ▁no , ▁leading ▁B ok ass a ▁and ▁B anza ▁to ▁over power ▁him ▁and ▁hold ▁him ▁in ▁a ▁cell ar . ▁ ▁At ▁midnight , ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁minutes ▁of ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁B ok
ass a ▁and ▁B anza ▁organized ▁their ▁troops ▁and ▁told ▁them ▁of ▁their ▁plan ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁government . ▁B ok ass a ▁claimed ▁that ▁D ack o ▁had ▁resigned ▁from ▁the ▁presid ency ▁and ▁given ▁the ▁position ▁to ▁Iz amo , ▁then ▁told ▁the ▁soldiers ▁that ▁the ▁g endar mer ie ▁would ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁C AR ▁army , ▁which ▁had ▁to ▁act ▁now ▁to ▁keep ▁its ▁position . ▁He ▁then ▁asked ▁the ▁soldiers ▁if ▁they ▁would ▁support ▁his ▁course ▁of ▁action ; ▁the ▁men ▁who ▁refused ▁were ▁locked ▁up . ▁At ▁ 0 0 : 3 0 ▁W AT , ▁B anza , ▁B ok ass a ▁and ▁their ▁supporters ▁left ▁Camp ▁de ▁Rou x ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁capital . ▁They ▁encountered ▁little ▁resistance ▁and ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁take ▁Bang ui . ▁B ok ass a ▁and ▁B anza ▁then ▁rushed ▁to ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁de ▁la ▁Rena issance , ▁where ▁they ▁tried ▁to ▁arrest ▁D ack o , ▁who ▁was ▁nowhere ▁to ▁be ▁found . ▁B ok ass a ▁began ▁to ▁panic , ▁as ▁he ▁believed ▁the ▁president ▁had ▁been ▁warned ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁in ▁advance , ▁and ▁immediately ▁ordered ▁his ▁soldiers ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁D ack o ▁in ▁the ▁countryside ▁until ▁he ▁was ▁found . ▁ ▁D ack o ▁was ▁not ▁aware ▁of ▁the ▁events ▁taking ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁capital . ▁After ▁leaving ▁his ▁minister ' s ▁plant ation ▁near ▁midnight , ▁he ▁headed ▁to ▁Simon ▁S amba ' s ▁house ▁to ▁ask ▁the ▁A ka ▁P
g ym y ▁leader ▁to ▁conduct ▁a ▁year - end ▁ritual . ▁After ▁an ▁hour ▁at ▁S amba ' s ▁house , ▁he ▁was ▁informed ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁in ▁Bang ui . ▁D ack o ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁soldiers ▁pat rolling ▁P été vo ▁Jun ction , ▁on ▁the ▁western ▁border ▁of ▁the ▁capital . ▁He ▁was ▁taken ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁presidential ▁palace , ▁where ▁B ok ass a ▁hug ged ▁the ▁president ▁and ▁told ▁him , ▁" I ▁tried ▁to ▁warn ▁you — but ▁now ▁it ' s ▁too ▁late ". ▁President ▁D ack o ▁was ▁taken ▁to ▁N gar ag ba ▁Pr ison ▁in ▁east ▁Bang ui ▁at ▁around ▁ 0 2 : 0 0 ▁W AT . ▁In ▁a ▁move ▁that ▁he ▁thought ▁would ▁boost ▁his ▁popularity ▁in ▁the ▁country , ▁B ok ass a ▁ordered ▁prison ▁director ▁Otto ▁S acher ▁to ▁release ▁all ▁prisoners ▁in ▁the ▁jail . ▁B ok ass a ▁then ▁took ▁D ack o ▁to ▁Camp ▁K ass a ï ▁at ▁ 0 3 : 2 0 ▁W AT , ▁where ▁the ▁president ▁was ▁forced ▁by ▁B anza ▁to ▁resign ▁from ▁office . ▁B anza ▁wanted ▁to ▁kill ▁D ack o , ▁but ▁B ok ass a ▁would ▁not ▁allow ▁it , ▁believing ▁that ▁D ack o ▁had ▁not ▁yet ▁out l ived ▁his ▁useful ness . ▁Later , ▁B ok ass a ' s ▁officers ▁announced ▁on ▁Radio - B ang ui ▁that ▁the ▁D ack o ▁government ▁had ▁been ▁top pled ▁and ▁B ok
ass a ▁had ▁taken ▁over ▁control . ▁ ▁Death ▁B ok ass a ▁often ▁claimed ▁that ▁he ▁seized ▁power ▁to ▁prevent ▁Iz amo ▁from ▁doing ▁the ▁same . ▁For ▁this ▁reason , ▁along ▁with ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁President ial ▁security ▁service ▁Pro s per ▁M oun ou mb aye , ▁B ok ass a ▁considered ▁Iz amo ▁a ▁particularly ▁dangerous ▁individual ▁and ▁" did ▁not ▁rest ▁until ▁they ▁were ▁eliminated ". ▁Att empt ing ▁to ▁escape , ▁he ▁was ▁taken ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁cell ar , ▁moved ▁to ▁Camp ▁de ▁Rou x , ▁and ▁then ▁to ▁N gar ag ba ▁Pr ison ▁at ▁roughly ▁ 1 0 ▁January . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁January , ▁Iz amo ▁died ▁from ▁mist reat ment ▁and ▁neglect . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : 1 9 6 6 ▁deaths ▁Category : Execut ed ▁military ▁personnel ▁Category : Cent ral ▁African ▁Republic ▁torture ▁victims ▁Category : Ch iefs ▁of ▁police ▁Category : Cent ral ▁African ▁Republic ▁military ▁personnel ▁Category : Date ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Date ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁death ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁Rad am el ▁Fal ca o ▁is ▁a ▁Colomb ian ▁professional ▁football er ▁who ▁represents ▁the ▁Colombia ▁national ▁football ▁team ▁as ▁a ▁stri ker . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁his ▁country ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1
▁friendly ▁defeat ▁to ▁U rugu ay ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁His ▁first ▁goal ▁came ▁in ▁his ▁second ▁game ▁for ▁Colombia , ▁the ▁only ▁score ▁in ▁a ▁victory ▁over ▁Mont en eg ro ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Kir in ▁Cup . ▁, ▁Fal ca o ▁is ▁his ▁country ' s ▁top ▁sc orer ▁with ▁ 3 4 ▁international ▁goals ▁in ▁ 8 9 ▁games . ▁He ▁sur pass ed ▁the ▁previous ▁record ▁of ▁ 2 5 ▁goals , ▁held ▁by ▁Arnold o ▁I gu ar án , ▁when ▁he ▁scored ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 2 ▁draw ▁with ▁Spain ▁in ▁a ▁friendly ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Fal ca o ▁scored ▁nine ▁goals ▁during ▁Colombia ' s ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁qual ification ▁campaign , ▁but ▁an ▁injury ▁sustained ▁while ▁playing ▁for ▁his ▁club ▁team ▁AS ▁Mon aco ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ruled ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁fin als . ▁ ▁His ▁first ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁fin als ▁appearance ▁came ▁four ▁years ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup , ▁with ▁his ▁ 7 4 th ▁cap , ▁against ▁Japan ▁in ▁a ▁group ▁stage ▁match ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁His ▁first ▁goal ▁in ▁the ▁tournament ▁came ▁in ▁his ▁following ▁game , ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁group ▁stage ▁victory ▁over ▁Poland . ▁ ▁, ▁Fal ca o ▁has ▁not ▁scored ▁an ▁international ▁hat - tr ick ,
▁but ▁has ▁scored ▁twice ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁international ▁match ▁on ▁four ▁occasions , ▁against ▁Bol ivia , ▁Par agu ay , ▁Chile ▁and ▁B ahr ain . ▁He ▁has ▁scored ▁more ▁goals ▁in ▁friend l ies ▁than ▁in ▁any ▁other ▁format , ▁with ▁sevent een , ▁and ▁twelve ▁goals ▁in ▁qual ifying ▁for ▁the ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup . ▁Two ▁of ▁his ▁goals ▁came ▁in ▁the ▁Copa ▁Am érica , ▁one ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁fin als ▁and ▁two ▁in ▁the ▁Kir in ▁Cup . ▁Fal ca o ▁has ▁scored ▁more ▁goals ▁against ▁Bol ivia ▁( four ) ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁opponent . ▁N ine ▁of ▁his ▁goals ▁have ▁been ▁scored ▁at ▁the ▁Est adio ▁Met ropol it ano ▁Roberto ▁Mel é nd ez , ▁three ▁at ▁other ▁ven ues ▁in ▁Colombia , ▁with ▁the ▁remainder ▁being ▁scored ▁abroad . ▁Fal ca o ' s ▁most ▁recent ▁goal ▁came ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁friendly ▁victory ▁over ▁Pan ama ▁in ▁Bog ot á ▁on ▁ 3 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Go als ▁ ▁Colombia ▁score ▁listed ▁first , ▁score ▁column ▁indicates ▁score ▁after ▁each ▁Fal ca o ▁goal . ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Fal ca o , ▁Rad am el , ▁goals ▁Fal ca o , ▁Rad am el , ▁goals ▁Fal ca o , ▁Rad am el <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁R . ▁K err ▁is ▁the ▁D imit ri ▁V . ▁D ' Ar bel off ▁- ▁M BA ▁Class ▁of ▁ 1
9 5 5 ▁Professor ▁of ▁Business ▁Administration ▁professor ▁at ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School , ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁co - direct or ▁of ▁Harvard ' s ▁Man aging ▁the ▁Future ▁of ▁Work ▁project ▁and ▁faculty ▁chair ▁of ▁the ▁La unch ing ▁New ▁Vent ures ▁program ▁for ▁executive ▁education . ▁ ▁K err ’ s ▁research ▁focuses ▁on ▁how ▁businesses ▁and ▁econom ies ▁grow , ▁typically ▁through ▁connections ▁to ▁innovation , ▁entrepreneur ship , ▁and ▁global ization . ▁His ▁publications ▁have ▁looked ▁at ▁global ▁vent ures , ▁immigration , ▁and ▁talent ▁clusters . ▁He ▁wrote ▁The ▁G ift ▁of ▁Global ▁Tal ent , ▁a ▁book ▁arguing ▁global ▁talent ▁flows ▁are ▁fundament ally ▁res h aping ▁business ▁and ▁society , ▁and ▁that ▁American ▁policies ▁toward ▁high - sk illed ▁immigration ▁like ▁H - 1 B ▁need ▁substantial ▁reform . ▁ ▁K err ▁has ▁publicly ▁made ▁similar ▁arguments ▁before , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁public ▁statement ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Entre pre neur ▁Rule . ▁Other ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁economics ▁that ▁K err ▁has ▁made ▁revol ve ▁around ▁innovation ▁and ▁growth ▁theory . ▁K err ’ s ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁featured ▁and ▁refer enced ▁across ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁publications , ▁including ▁Bloom berg , ▁the ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁Review , ▁the ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁For bes , ▁and ▁the ▁Atlantic . ▁Additionally , ▁K err ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁advis or ▁or ▁consultant ▁to ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁companies ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ' s ▁Project ▁on ▁Man aging ▁the ▁Future ▁of
▁Work ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁K err ▁co - found ed ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ’ s ▁Project ▁on ▁Man aging ▁the ▁Future ▁of ▁Work ▁with ▁fellow ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ▁professor ▁Joseph ▁B . ▁Full er . ▁The ▁project ▁ident ifies ▁and ▁re se ar ches ▁six ▁forces ▁that ▁are ▁“ re def ining ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁many ▁other ▁advanced ▁and ▁emerging ▁econom ies .” ▁The ▁project ▁lists ▁the ▁six ▁forces ▁as ▁“ Te chn ology ▁trends ▁like ▁autom ation ▁and ▁artificial ▁intelligence ; ▁Cont ing ent ▁work for ces ▁and ▁the ▁gig ▁economy ; ▁Work force ▁dem ograph ics ▁and ▁the ▁“ care ▁economy ” ; ▁The ▁middle - sk ills ▁gap ▁and ▁worker ▁investments ; ▁Global ▁talent ▁access ▁and ▁util ization ; ▁Sp at ial ▁t ensions ▁between ▁leading ▁urban ▁centers ▁and ▁rural ▁areas .” ▁ ▁In ▁June , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁project ▁launched ▁a ▁podcast ▁series ▁called ▁“ Man aging ▁the ▁Future ▁of ▁Work ” ▁that ▁discuss es ▁these ▁six ▁forces ▁with ▁business , ▁political , ▁and ▁community ▁leaders . ▁Additionally , ▁K err ▁and ▁Full er ▁announced ▁in ▁June , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁that ▁they ▁will ▁be ▁teaching ▁a ▁course ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ’ s ▁Executive ▁Education ▁program . ▁ ▁Other ▁Not able ▁Academ ic ▁Contribut ions ▁▁ ▁K err ▁co auth ored ▁a ▁paper ▁with ▁William ▁Lincoln
▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁that ▁argued ▁that ▁increased ▁in ▁high - sk illed ▁immigration ▁boost ed ▁American ▁innovation . ▁ ▁This ▁paper ▁was ▁later ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁H . ▁Greg g ▁Lewis ▁Prize ▁for ▁Best ▁Paper ▁in ▁Journal ▁of ▁Labor ▁Econom ics ▁ 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁K err ▁cow rote ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁paper ▁with ▁Martin ▁Mand or ff ▁which ▁analy zes ▁tend encies ▁among ▁members ▁of ▁ethnic ▁groups ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁to ▁grav itate ▁towards ▁specific ▁profess ions , ▁examples ▁given ▁include ▁Y emen i ▁immigrants ▁being ▁ 7 5 ▁times ▁more ▁likely ▁than ▁others ▁to ▁own ▁grocery ▁stores , ▁and ▁Kore ans ▁being ▁ 3 4 ▁times ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁operate ▁dry ▁clean ers . ▁ ▁K err ▁collabor ated ▁on ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁paper ▁with ▁D aron ▁A ce m og lu ▁and ▁U f uk ▁Ak c ig it ▁which ▁updated ▁the ▁real ▁business - cycle ▁theory . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁K err ▁received ▁the ▁E wing ▁Mar ion ▁K au ff man ▁award ▁for ▁" Dist ingu ished ▁Research ▁in ▁Entre pre neur ship ". ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁K err ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Alabama ▁and ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Virginia . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁he ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁tele com ▁and ▁emerging ▁internet ▁industries , ▁living ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong . ▁Upon ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁MIT ▁Econom ics
▁with ▁a ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁K err ▁joined ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ▁as ▁a ▁ten ure - track ▁Assistant ▁Professor ▁and ▁held ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁teaching ▁assignments ▁and ▁produced ▁academic ▁publications ▁that ▁cul min ated ▁with ▁his ▁event ual ▁promotion ▁to ▁professor ▁with ▁ten ure ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁K err ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁S ari ▁P ek k ala ▁K err , ▁who ▁is ▁an ▁econom ist ▁and ▁senior ▁research ▁at ▁the ▁Well es ley ▁Cent ers ▁for ▁Women . ▁Origin ally ▁from ▁Finland , ▁S ari ▁P ek k ala ▁K err ▁studies ▁the ▁economics ▁of ▁labor ▁markets , ▁education , ▁and ▁family . ▁They ▁live ▁together ▁in ▁Lex ington , ▁Massachusetts ▁with ▁their ▁two ▁children . ▁K err ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁noted ▁fan ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Alabama ▁football ▁team . ▁ ▁Published ▁works ▁ ▁Books ▁▁ ▁The ▁G ift ▁of ▁Global ▁Tal ent : ▁How ▁M igration ▁Sh apes ▁Business , ▁Econom y ▁& ▁Society ▁( P alo ▁Al to , ▁CA : ▁Stanford ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ). ▁▁ ▁Gordon ▁Hans on , ▁William ▁K err ▁and ▁Sarah ▁Turner , ▁High - Sk illed ▁M igration ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁its ▁Economic ▁Con sequ ences ▁( Ch icago , ▁IL : ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ). ▁ ▁Ed ited ▁Books ▁and ▁Special ▁Iss ues ▁▁ ▁William ▁K err , ▁Josh ▁L er ner , ▁and ▁Scott
▁S tern ▁( eds .) ▁Innov ation ▁Policy ▁and ▁the ▁Econom y ▁Volume ▁ 1 5 ▁( Ch icago , ▁IL : ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁William ▁K err ▁and ▁Sarah ▁Turner , ▁U . S . ▁High - Sk illed ▁Imm igration ▁in ▁the ▁Global ▁Econom y , ▁Journal ▁of ▁Labor ▁Econom ics ▁S 1 ▁( Ch icago , ▁IL : ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Not able ▁Journal ▁Art icles ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Aut or , ▁David ▁H ., ▁William ▁R . ▁K err , ▁and ▁Ad ri ana ▁D . ▁K ug ler . ▁" Does ▁Em ployment ▁Protection ▁Red uce ▁Product ivity ? ▁Ev idence ▁from ▁U . S . ▁States ." ▁Economic ▁Journal ▁( R oyal ▁Economic ▁Society ) ▁ 1 1 7 , ▁no . ▁ 5 2 1 ▁( J une ▁ 2 0 0 7 ): ▁ 1 8 9 – 2 1 7 . ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R . ▁" E th nic ▁Scient ific ▁Commun ities ▁and ▁International ▁Technology ▁Diff usion ▁." ▁Review ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Statistics ▁ 9 0 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( Aug ust ▁ 2 0 0 8 ): ▁ 5 1 8 – 5 3 7 . ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁G la es er , ▁Edward ▁L ., ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" Local
▁Industrial ▁Cond itions ▁and ▁Entre pre neur ship : ▁How ▁Much ▁of ▁the ▁Sp at ial ▁Distribution ▁Can ▁We ▁Expl ain ?" ▁Journal ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁& ▁Management ▁Str ategy ▁ 1 8 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( Fall ▁ 2 0 0 9 ): ▁ 6 2 3 – 6 6 3 . ▁▁▁ ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R ., ▁and ▁Ram ana ▁N anda . ▁" Dem ocr at izing ▁Entry : ▁Bank ing ▁D ereg ulations , ▁Fin ancing ▁Con straints , ▁and ▁Entre pre neur ship ." ▁Journal ▁of ▁Financial ▁Econom ics ▁ 9 4 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( Oct ober ▁ 2 0 0 9 ): ▁ 1 2 4 – 1 4 9 . ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁G la es er , ▁Edward ▁L ., ▁William ▁R . ▁K err , ▁and ▁Gi ac omo ▁A . M . ▁P on zet to . ▁" Cl usters ▁of ▁Entre pre neur ship ▁." ▁Journal ▁of ▁Urban ▁Econom ics ▁ 6 7 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( Jan uary ▁ 2 0 1 0 ): ▁ 1 5 0 – 1 6 8 . ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁Ell ison , ▁Glen n , ▁Edward ▁G la es er , ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" What ▁C auses ▁Industry ▁A gg l omer ation ? ▁Ev idence ▁from ▁Co ag gl omer ation ▁Pattern s ." ▁American ▁Economic
▁Review ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( J une ▁ 2 0 1 0 ): ▁ 1 1 9 5 – 1 2 1 3 . ▁( Append ix ▁. ) ▁ ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R ., ▁and ▁William ▁F . ▁Lincoln . ▁" The ▁Supp ly ▁Side ▁of ▁Innov ation : ▁H - 1 B ▁Vis a ▁Re forms ▁and ▁U . S . ▁Eth nic ▁In vention ▁." ▁Journal ▁of ▁Labor ▁Econom ics ▁ 2 8 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( J uly ▁ 2 0 1 0 ): ▁ 4 7 3 – 5 0 8 . ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁K err , ▁S ari ▁P ek k ala , ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" E conom ic ▁Imp acts ▁of ▁Imm igration : ▁A ▁Survey ." ▁Finn ish ▁Economic ▁Papers ▁ 2 4 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( Spring ▁ 2 0 1 1 ): ▁ 1 – 3 2 . ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R ., ▁Josh ▁L er ner , ▁and ▁Ant oin ette ▁Sch o ar . ▁" The ▁Con sequ ences ▁of ▁Entre pre neur ial ▁Finance : ▁Ev idence ▁from ▁Angel ▁Fin anc ings ." ▁Review ▁of ▁Financial ▁Studies ▁ 2 7 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( Jan uary ▁ 2 0 1 4 ): ▁ 2 0 – 5 5 . ▁▁▁ ▁( 2 0 1
4 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R ., ▁Ram ana ▁N anda , ▁and ▁Matthew ▁Rh odes - K rop f . ▁" Ent re pre neur ship ▁as ▁Exper iment ation ." ▁Journal ▁of ▁Economic ▁Pers pectives ▁ 2 8 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( Sum mer ▁ 2 0 1 4 ): ▁ 2 5 – 4 8 . ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁G la es er , ▁Edward ▁L ., ▁S ari ▁P ek k ala ▁K err , ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" Ent re pre neur ship ▁and ▁Urban ▁Grow th : ▁An ▁Emp irical ▁Ass essment ▁with ▁Historical ▁M ines ." ▁( pdf ) ▁Review ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Statistics ▁ 9 7 , ▁no . ▁ 2 ▁( May ▁ 2 0 1 5 ): ▁ 4 9 8 – 5 2 0 . ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁A ce m og lu , ▁D aron , ▁U f uk ▁Ak c ig it , ▁Douglas ▁Han ley , ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" Transition ▁to ▁Clean ▁Technology ." ▁( pdf ) ▁Special ▁Issue ▁on ▁Cl imate ▁Change ▁and ▁the ▁Econom y . ▁Journal ▁of ▁Political ▁Econom y ▁ 1 2 4 , ▁no . ▁ 2 ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 2 0 1 6 ): ▁ 5 2 – 1 0 4 . ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R . ▁" H arness ing ▁the ▁Best ▁of ▁Global
ization ." ▁MIT ▁S lo an ▁Management ▁Review ▁ 5 8 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( Fall ▁ 2 0 1 6 ): ▁ 5 9 – 6 7 . ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁Ak c ig it , ▁U f uk ▁and ▁William ▁K err . ▁" G row th ▁Through ▁H eter ogeneous ▁Innov ations ." ▁Journal ▁of ▁Political ▁Econom y ▁ 1 2 6 , ▁no . ▁ 4 ▁( Aug ust ▁ 2 0 1 8 ): ▁ 1 3 7 4 - 1 4 4 3 . ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁A ce m og lu , ▁D aron , ▁U f uk ▁Ak c ig it , ▁Har un ▁Al p , ▁Nicholas ▁Bloom , ▁and ▁William ▁K err . ▁" In nov ation , ▁Re alloc ation , ▁and ▁Grow th ." ▁American ▁Economic ▁Review ▁ 1 0 8 , ▁no . ▁ 1 1 ▁( N ovember ▁ 2 0 1 8 ): ▁ 3 4 5 0 - 3 4 9 1 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁econom ists ▁Category : Mass achusetts ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁al umn i ▁Category : Har vard ▁Business ▁School ▁faculty ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁railway ▁station ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁S ag am ih ara , ▁Kan ag awa ▁P ref ect ure , ▁Japan , ▁operated ▁by ▁the
▁private ▁railway ▁operator ▁Od aky u ▁Electric ▁Railway . ▁ ▁L ines ▁S ag ami - O no ▁Station ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁both ▁the ▁Od aky u ▁Od aw ara ▁Line ▁and ▁the ▁Od aky u ▁En osh ima ▁Line . ▁It ▁is ▁ 3 2 . 4 ▁kilom eters ▁from ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁termin us ▁of ▁the ▁Od aw ara ▁Line ▁at ▁, ▁and ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁starting ▁point ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁En osh ima ▁Line ▁to ▁. ▁ ▁Station ▁layout ▁S ag ami - O no ▁Station ▁has ▁two ▁island ▁platforms ▁with ▁six ▁tracks , ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁station ▁building ▁by ▁over pass es . ▁The ▁two ▁central ▁tracks ▁are ▁used ▁for ▁non - stop ▁train ▁services . ▁The ▁station ▁building ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁shopping ▁m all , ▁containing ▁an ▁Od aky u ▁O X ▁super market , ▁Od aky u ▁department ▁store , ▁a ▁B ic ▁Camera ▁discount ▁electron ics ▁store , ▁and ▁the ▁Od aky u ▁Hotel ▁Century ▁S ag ami - O no . ▁ ▁Platform s ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁station ▁opened ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁as ▁, ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁nearby ▁Army ▁Tele commun ication ▁School ▁( R ik ug un ▁Ts ū sh in - G ak k ō ). ▁It ▁was ▁renamed ▁S ag ami - O no ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁counter - int elligence ▁movement ▁to ▁eliminate ▁the ▁names ▁of ▁military ▁facilities ▁from ▁maps
. ▁Work ▁began ▁on ▁the ▁new ▁station ▁complex ▁from ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁Sur round ing ▁area ▁I set an ▁department ▁store ▁Min ami ▁Ward ▁office ▁S ag ami ▁Women ' s ▁University ▁Kit as ato ▁University ▁( S ag am ih ara ▁campus ) ▁Jos hib i ▁University ▁of ▁Art ▁and ▁Design ▁ ▁Bus ▁services ▁The ▁following ▁express ▁bus ▁services ▁operate ▁from ▁the ▁station . ▁▁ ▁Nar ita ▁Airport , ▁operated ▁joint ly ▁by ▁Kan ach u ▁and ▁Ke ise i ▁Bus ▁ ▁Han eda ▁Airport , ▁operated ▁joint ly ▁by ▁Kan ach u ▁and ▁Ke ik y u ▁Bus ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁Japan ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁S ag ami - O no ▁Station ▁▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁Kan ag awa ▁P ref ect ure ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁Category : O d aky u ▁Od aw ara ▁Line ▁Category : O d aky ū ▁En osh ima ▁Line ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁S ag am ih ara <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁F ü s inger ▁Au ▁( also ▁Lo iter ▁Au ) ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁river ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁Sch les wig - Hol stein ▁( Dan ish : ▁S les v ig ▁and ▁Hol sten ▁respectively ), ▁Germany . ▁ ▁The ▁F ü s inger ▁Au ▁starts ▁north ▁of ▁Id sted t ▁( Dan ish :
▁I sted ), ▁flows ▁through ▁the ▁l akes ▁Id sted ter ▁See ▁and ▁Lang see ▁( Dan ish : ▁I sted ▁S ø ▁and ▁L anges ø ▁respectively ), ▁passes ▁the ▁village ▁Lo it ▁( Dan ish : ▁L ø j t ) ▁and ▁dis charg es ▁into ▁the ▁Sch le i ▁( Dan ish : ▁S li en ) ▁near ▁F ü sing ▁( a ▁district ▁of ▁Sch aal by ) ▁( Dan ish : ▁F ys ing ▁and ▁Sk å l by ). ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Sch les wig - Hol stein ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁fl uss info . net ▁( in ▁German ) ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Sch les wig - Hol stein ▁ 0 F ü s inger ▁Au ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁D uman li ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁D ū m ā nl ī ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Z av ku h ▁R ural ▁District , ▁P ish k amar ▁District , ▁Kal ale h ▁County , ▁Gol est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 3 3 7 , ▁in ▁ 7 0 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Kal ale h ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁university ▁in ▁T aka oka , ▁Toy ama , ▁Japan . ▁The ▁predecess or ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 ,
▁and ▁it ▁was ▁char tered ▁as ▁a ▁university ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁▁ ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁Category : Private ▁universities ▁and ▁colleges ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : Univers ities ▁and ▁colleges ▁in ▁Toy ama ▁P ref ect ure <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁Str ut ters , ▁more ▁simply ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Str ut ters , ▁are ▁an ▁American ▁colleg iate ▁dance ▁team ▁from ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁San ▁Mar cos , ▁Texas . ▁They ▁are ▁the ▁first ▁American ▁Prec ision ▁Dance ▁Team ▁to ▁be ▁founded ▁at ▁a ▁four - year ▁university , ▁and ▁are ▁currently ▁the ▁largest ▁team ▁of ▁its ▁kind ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁They ▁have ▁performed ▁nation ally ▁and ▁internation ally ▁in ▁twenty - six ▁countries ▁sp anning ▁four ▁contin ents , ▁and ▁are ▁the ▁first ▁U . S . ▁dance ▁team ▁to ▁perform ▁in ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁Other ▁performances ▁include ▁three ▁presidential ▁inaug ural ▁par ades , ▁three ▁M acy ' s ▁Thank sg iving ▁Day ▁Par ades , ▁several ▁NBA ▁and ▁NFL ▁hal ft ime ▁shows , ▁America ' s ▁Got ▁Tal ent , ▁M TV ' s ▁Total ▁Request ▁Live , ▁and ▁appearances ▁in ▁five ▁movies . ▁ ▁B rief ▁history ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Mrs . ▁Barbara ▁Gu inn ▁T id well ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁Even ▁with ▁nowhere ▁to ▁practice ▁on ▁campus , ▁the ▁team
▁became ▁popular ▁immediately , ▁with ▁a ▁photograph ▁of ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁included ▁in ▁M obil ▁Oil ’ s ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁calendar . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁the ▁team ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁represent ▁America ’ s ▁B ic ent ennial ▁in ▁a ▁national ▁television ▁commercial ▁for ▁C oca - Col a . ▁The ▁Str ut ters ▁have ▁a ▁strong ▁and ▁active ▁al umn i ▁group ▁of ▁over ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁who ▁network ▁well , ▁assist ing ▁each ▁other ▁in ▁personal ▁and ▁professional ▁ende av ors . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁$ 2 . 5 ▁million ▁Linda ▁Greg g ▁Field s ▁Str ut ters ▁Gallery ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁Side ▁End zone ▁Complex ▁at ▁Bob cat ▁Stadium ▁was ▁opened . ▁Mrs . ▁Field s ▁and ▁her ▁husband , ▁Jerry ▁D . ▁Field s , ▁are ▁among ▁Texas ▁State ’ s ▁most ▁generous ▁benef act ors , ▁don ating ▁more ▁than ▁$ 1 1 . 7 ▁million ▁to ▁Texas ▁State , ▁including ▁$ 1 . 3 5 ▁million ▁toward ▁the ▁construction ▁and ▁operation ▁of ▁the ▁gallery ▁which ▁dep icts ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁organization ▁at ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁Direct ors ▁Found er ▁Barbara ▁Gu inn ▁T id well ▁served ▁as ▁director ▁and ▁ch ore ographer ▁from ▁the ▁team ' s ▁creation ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁to ▁her ▁retirement ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁After ▁high ▁school ▁gradu
ation , ▁she ▁attended ▁Kil g ore ▁Junior ▁College ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁Kil g ore ▁College ▁R anger ette . ▁After ▁Kil g ore , ▁she ▁and ▁three ▁other ▁R anger ettes ▁chose ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Southern ▁Mississippi ▁to ▁complete ▁their ▁Bachelor ▁degrees , ▁with ▁T id well ▁receiving ▁her ▁degree ▁in ▁history . ▁T id well ▁was ▁teaching ▁at ▁Gal vest on ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁when ▁she ▁applied ▁for ▁a ▁position ▁at ▁South west ▁Texas ▁State ▁hoping ▁to ▁teach ▁history ▁there . ▁The ▁School ▁President , ▁Dr . ▁Jack ▁Flow ers , ▁said ▁he ▁wasn ’ t ▁looking ▁for ▁a ▁history ▁teacher ▁but ▁someone ▁with ▁dance ▁expertise ▁who ▁could ▁create ▁a ▁team ▁to ▁keep ▁fans ▁in ▁their ▁seats ▁at ▁hal ft ime . ▁ ▁T id well ▁came ▁up ▁the ▁team ▁name ▁herself ▁saying , ▁" I ▁wanted ▁something ▁that ▁didn ' t ▁end ▁in ▁' ettes ." ▁Not ▁all ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁Texas ▁had ▁a ▁dance ▁team ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁so ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁ 3 0 0 ▁young ▁women ▁who ▁aud ition ed ▁for ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁Str utter ▁line ▁were ▁nov ices , ▁with ▁hardly ▁any ▁background ▁in ▁precision ▁dance / dr ill . ▁Like ▁most ▁good ▁educ ators , ▁T id well ▁usually ▁saw ▁more ▁potential ▁in ▁her ▁girls ▁then ▁they ▁saw ▁in ▁themselves . ▁She ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁teams ' s ▁director ▁and ▁ch ore ographer ▁for ▁ 3 7 ▁years .
▁Just ▁before ▁her ▁retirement ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁she ▁was ▁presented ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al umn us ▁Award , ▁in ▁recognition ▁of ▁her ▁role ▁in ▁founding ▁the ▁Str ut ters . ▁ ▁Susan ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z , ▁a ▁former ▁Str utter ▁Captain , ▁became ▁the ▁team ' s ▁second ▁director ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁As ▁director , ▁she ▁created ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁Spect acular , ▁an ▁annual ▁spring ▁show ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁public , ▁the ▁pre - season ▁show ▁Meet ▁the ▁Str ut ters , ▁and ▁incorporated ▁Jazz ▁El ite ▁and ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁into ▁the ▁team . ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z ▁is ▁recognized ▁by ▁her ▁peers ▁as ▁an ▁authority ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁precision ▁dance , ▁and ▁she ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁President ▁and ▁CEO ▁of ▁Susan ▁Ang ell ▁Enter prises ▁Inc ., ▁which ▁includes ▁Show M akers ▁of ▁America ® . ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Str utter ▁to ▁be ▁indu cted ▁into ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame , ▁has ▁been ▁recognized ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ' s ▁" Top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Years ▁of ▁Women " ▁for ▁her ▁achievements , ▁received ▁the ▁Texas ▁State ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al um na e ▁Award ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁received ▁Texas ▁Dance ▁Educ ators ▁Association ▁Life ▁Time ▁A chie vement ▁Award ▁and ▁T DE A ▁Hall ▁of
▁Fame . ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z ▁held ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁director / ch ore ographer ▁for ▁ 1 7 ▁years . ▁ ▁The ▁third , ▁and ▁current ▁director / ch ore ographer , ▁is ▁former ▁Str utter ▁Tam my ▁West ▁F ife . ▁F ife ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁the ▁team ' s ▁director ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁previously ▁serving ▁as ▁Assistant ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁team ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 1 3 . ▁F ife ▁received ▁a ▁faculty ▁service ▁award ▁from ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁L if etime ▁A chie vement ▁Award ▁from ▁the ▁Texas ▁Dance ▁Educ ators ▁Association ▁( T DE A ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁being ▁the ▁team ' s ▁director , ▁F ife ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁dance ▁education ▁maj ors , ▁teaches ▁the ▁" Methods ▁of ▁Te aching ▁Dance " ▁course , ▁and ▁super vis es ▁all ▁dance ▁student ▁teachers . ▁ ▁Per form ances ▁and ▁appearances ▁Below ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁major ▁performances ▁and ▁appearances ▁by ▁the ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁Str ut ters . ▁ ▁Str ut ters ' ▁Spect acular ▁The ▁Str ut ters ' ▁Spect acular ▁is ▁the ▁team ' s ▁annual ▁spring ▁show - off , ▁consisting ▁of ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁d ances ▁and ▁styles , ▁including ▁guest ▁performances ▁and ▁videos ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁The ▁event ▁is ▁usually ▁the ▁team ' s
▁last ▁performance ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁concl uding ▁with ▁a ▁traditional ▁high - k ick ▁routine ▁in ▁the ▁Str utter ▁field ▁uniform . ▁There ▁are ▁typically ▁three ▁shows ▁during ▁the ▁program ▁week , ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁on ▁Saturday ▁night . ▁ ▁Jazz ▁El ite ▁and ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁The ▁Jazz ▁El ite ▁and ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁are ▁special ty ▁groups ▁within ▁the ▁Str utter ' s ▁organization . ▁Both ▁groups ▁have ▁special ▁performances ▁in ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁Spect acular ▁and ▁throughout ▁the ▁year . ▁The ▁Jazz ▁El ite ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁highly ▁technically ▁skilled ▁d ancers ▁who ▁often ▁perform ▁the ▁more ▁difficult ▁parts ▁within ▁a ▁team ▁routine . ▁The ▁Str ut ters ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁with ▁high ▁enthusiasm ▁and ▁energy , ▁and ▁are ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁physically ▁fit ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁team . ▁The ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁performs ▁on ▁the ▁s idelines ▁during ▁football ▁games , ▁basketball ▁games , ▁and ▁at ▁spirit ▁r all ies ▁put ▁on ▁by ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁Off ic ers ▁The ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁Off ic ers ▁make ▁up ▁the ▁student ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁organization . ▁To ▁be ▁eligible ▁for ▁an ▁officer ▁position , ▁team ▁members ▁must ▁have ▁completed ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁years ▁on ▁the ▁team . ▁They ▁are ▁chosen ▁by ▁the ▁director , ▁out going ▁officers , ▁current ▁team ▁members , ▁and ▁Str utter ▁Al umn i . ▁Officer ▁uniform s ▁differ ▁from ▁team ▁uniform s ▁in ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁solid ▁white . ▁The ▁Officer ' s ▁also ▁carry ▁a ▁bat on ▁and
▁perform ▁a ▁traditional ▁' Str ut ' ▁during ▁football ▁games . ▁ ▁Man agers ▁Str utter ▁Man agers ▁are ▁male ▁students ▁at ▁the ▁university , ▁and ▁are ▁selected ▁from ▁those ▁interested ▁in ▁assist ing ▁the ▁team . ▁They ▁retrieve ▁officer ▁bat ons ▁after ▁the ▁Str ut ▁onto ▁the ▁field , ▁carry ▁props ▁and ▁equipment ▁for ▁performances ▁and ▁practices , ▁and ▁accompany ▁the ▁team ▁at ▁all ▁football ▁performances . ▁They ▁also ▁occasionally ▁perform ▁a ▁comed ic ▁routine ▁in ▁the ▁annual ▁Str utter ▁Spect acular . ▁Man agers ▁with ▁extensive ▁dance ▁background ▁have ▁also ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁show ▁as ▁guest ▁perform ers . ▁ ▁Str ut ters ▁Always ▁and ▁Str utter ▁Gi ants ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Str ut ters ▁Always ▁became ▁an ▁official ▁al umn i ▁chapter ▁of ▁Texas ▁State ▁University . ▁The ▁goals ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁include ▁commun icating ▁events ▁to ▁all ▁team ▁al umn i ▁and ▁supporting ▁the ▁organization . ▁The ▁Str ut ters ▁Always ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁ass ists ▁with ▁all ▁al umn i ▁reun ions ▁and ▁other ▁team ▁related ▁events . ▁ ▁Str utter ▁Gi ants ▁are ▁a ▁select ▁group ▁of ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁hon ored ▁for ▁their ▁outstanding ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁organization . ▁The ▁current ▁list ▁of ▁Str utter ▁Gi ants ▁includes : ▁▁ ▁Bill ▁Ald rich ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁ ▁Michael ▁and ▁D ian ne ▁Hunt ▁Bow man ▁ ▁Cath y ▁Cant u ▁Cook ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Jerry ▁D . ▁and ▁Linda ▁Greg g ▁Field s ▁ ▁Jimmy ▁and ▁Tam my ▁F ife ▁▁ ▁Dr
. ▁Kath y ▁F ite ▁ ▁Joe ▁and ▁St acy ▁Che ss her ▁F ow ler ▁▁ ▁Alberto ▁Gon z ale z ▁and ▁Susan ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z ▁ ▁O . C . ▁and ▁Joh anna ▁St all man ▁H ale y ▁▁ ▁Diana ▁Be cker ▁Hend r icks ▁ ▁Bob bie ▁and ▁D ott ie ▁St . ▁Cl air ▁Hill ▁▁ ▁Ger ald ▁and ▁Don na ▁Pet ty ▁Hill ▁ ▁Bill ▁and ▁L oma ▁Hob son ▁▁ ▁David ▁and ▁Julian ne ▁Hunt ▁▁ ▁Pa ige ▁Luck ing ▁ ▁J ill ▁Pan key ▁▁▁ ▁Deb bie ▁Johnson ▁Roberts ▁ ▁John ▁B . ▁and ▁D ed ee ▁M idd leton ▁Roberts ▁▁ ▁Barbara ▁Gu inn ▁T id well ▁ ▁Sarah ▁Ald rich ▁Vis el ▁▁ ▁Craig ▁and ▁G ail ▁V itt ito e ▁ ▁June ▁Block er ▁Whit ney ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁and ▁Crit icism ▁Like ▁many ▁other ▁organizations , ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁have ▁had ▁controversy ▁and ▁criticism ▁over ▁their ▁history . ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁did ▁not ▁integrate ▁the ▁school ▁until ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁team ▁was ▁predomin antly ▁white ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁ 2 9 ▁years ▁of ▁its ▁existence . ▁Since ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁ethnic ities ▁have ▁joined ▁the ▁team , ▁many ▁gaining ▁leadership ▁positions ▁within ▁the ▁organization . ▁The ▁team ▁selected ▁its ▁first ▁African ▁American ▁officer ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁no ▁height ▁or ▁weight ▁requirements ,
▁although ▁team ▁members ▁must ▁have ▁proper ▁weight ▁for ▁their ▁height , ▁frame , ▁and ▁bone ▁structure . ▁Team ▁activities ▁require ▁outstanding ▁card io - v ascular ▁condition ing , ▁strength , ▁and ▁stam ina . ▁Body ▁pier c ings , ▁tatto os , ▁brands , ▁or ▁symbols ▁visible ▁on ▁the ▁skin ▁are ▁not ▁permitted , ▁nor ▁are ▁dist ra ctions ▁from ▁the ▁uniform ity ▁of ▁cost uming ▁permitted . ▁ ▁The ▁rules ▁for ▁the ▁organization ▁are ▁many , ▁and ▁conform ing ▁to ▁them ▁can ▁be ▁difficult ▁for ▁d ancers ▁who ▁prefer ▁individual ▁acc ol ades ▁over ▁being ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁team . ▁Other ▁university ▁students ▁often ▁state ▁that ▁the ▁extensive ▁list ▁of ▁rules ▁takes ▁away ▁the ▁identity ▁and ▁expression ▁of ▁the ▁individual . ▁The ▁team ▁def ends ▁itself ▁by ▁rem inding ▁others ▁that ▁the ▁being ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁organization ▁is ▁elect ive , ▁not ▁mandatory , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁rules ▁are ▁in ▁place ▁to ▁ins ure ▁a ▁level ▁playing ▁field ▁for ▁everyone , ▁and ▁designed ▁to ▁bring ▁out ▁an ▁individual ' s ▁qualities ▁within ▁the ▁construct s ▁of ▁a ▁team . ▁As ▁amb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Texas ▁State ▁University , ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Texas , ▁and ▁the ▁US , ▁team ▁members ▁glad ly ▁ad here ▁to ▁the ▁rules ▁set ▁forth ▁by ▁the ▁organization . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁organization ▁drew ▁criticism ▁for ▁agree ing ▁to ▁perform ▁at ▁the ▁inaug uration ▁of ▁Donald ▁Trump . ▁The ▁criticism ▁was ▁primarily ▁from ▁current ▁students ▁of ▁Texas ▁State , ▁but
▁other ▁groups ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁inaug ural , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁M orm on ▁Tab ern acle ▁Ch oir , ▁were ▁also ▁widely ▁critic ized ▁for ▁their ▁participation ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁Popular ▁culture ▁The ▁Str ut ters ▁have ▁been ▁on ▁the ▁television ▁show ▁M TV ' s ▁Total ▁Request ▁Live , ▁America ' s ▁Got ▁Tal ent , ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁C oca - Col a ▁commercial ▁celebr ating ▁America ' s ▁b ic ent ennial . ▁They ▁are ▁featured ▁in ▁five ▁motion ▁pictures ▁and ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁M acy ' s ▁Thank sg iving ▁Day ▁Par ade ▁three ▁times . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Dr ill ▁Team ▁Dance ▁Squad ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁Maj oret te ▁( D ancer ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁T x Str ut ters . com ▁ ▁Official ▁Str utter ▁YouTube ▁Channel ▁ ▁Category : Tex as ▁State ▁University ▁Category : Tex as ▁State ▁University ▁System <0x0A> </s> ▁G anes ha ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁comb ▁j ell ies . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁genus ▁in ▁the ▁mon ot yp ic ▁family ▁G anes h idae ▁and ▁the ▁order ▁G anes h ida . ▁They ▁are ▁characterized ▁by ▁pair ▁of ▁small ▁lob es ▁round ▁the ▁mouth , ▁and ▁extended ▁ph ary nx . ▁Two ▁species ▁are ▁currently ▁recognized : ▁G anes ha ▁eleg ans ▁and ▁G anes ha ▁ann am ita . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : T ent ac ul ata ▁Category : An imal ▁orders <0x0A> </s> ▁State ▁Highway ▁ 3
2 7 , ▁ab bre vi ated ▁SH ▁ 3 2 7 , ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁state ▁highway ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Texas . ▁ ▁The ▁highway ▁begins ▁at ▁a ▁jun ction ▁with ▁U . S . ▁Highway ▁ 6 9 ▁( US ▁ 6 9 ) ▁and ▁US ▁ 2 8 7 ▁south ▁of ▁K ount ze ▁and ▁heads ▁east ▁to ▁a ▁jun ction ▁with ▁U . S . ▁Highway ▁ 9 6 ▁in ▁S ils bee . ▁ ▁History ▁SH ▁ 3 2 7 ▁was ▁designated ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁route ▁from ▁US ▁ 6 9 ▁south ▁of ▁K ount ze ▁to ▁S ils bee . ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁the ▁highway ▁was ▁extended ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁location ▁of ▁US ▁ 9 6 . ▁ ▁Route ▁description ▁SH ▁ 3 2 7 ▁begins ▁ ▁in ▁East ▁Texas ▁at ▁a ▁jun ction ▁with ▁US ▁ 6 9 ▁and ▁US ▁ 2 8 7 . ▁ ▁It ▁inter sect s ▁US ▁ 9 6 ▁Bus . ▁in ▁S ils bee . ▁ ▁SH ▁ 3 2 7 ▁reaches ▁its ▁eastern ▁termin us ▁at ▁US ▁ 9 6 ▁in ▁S ils bee . ▁ ▁Jun ction ▁list ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ 3 2 7 ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Hard in ▁County , ▁Texas <0x0A> </s> ▁Abb é ▁François ▁Bl anche t ▁( 2 6 ▁January ▁ 1 7
0 7 ▁– ▁ 2 9 ▁January ▁ 1 7 8 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁litt ér ateur , ▁or ▁Intel lect ual . ▁He ▁spent ▁his ▁younger ▁years ▁in ▁a ▁Jes uit ▁( S oc iety ▁of ▁Jesus ) ▁order . ▁Bl anche t ▁was ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁Ap olog ues ▁and ▁T ales , ▁a ▁highly ▁este emed ▁work . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁Ap olog ues ▁et ▁Cont es ▁O rient aux ▁( 1 7 8 4 , ▁Paris ) ▁( in ▁English , ▁Ap olog ues ▁and ▁T ales ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 0 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 8 4 ▁deaths ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Princess ▁Ol uf emi - K ay ode ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁Mod u pe ▁Ol uf emi - K ay ode ) ▁is ▁a ▁Niger ian ▁criminal ▁justice ▁psych ologist ▁and ▁prominent ▁child ▁rights ▁activ ist . ▁Ol uf emi - K ay ode ▁became ▁an ▁Ash oka ▁fellow ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁Media ▁Con c ern ▁for ▁Women ▁and ▁Children ▁Init iative ▁( MEDI AC ON ), ▁a ▁non ▁profit ▁organisation ▁( N GO ) ▁listed ▁by ▁the ▁U ND P ▁which ▁works ▁with ▁child ▁victims ▁of ▁sexual ▁abuse ▁and ▁explo itation . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Princess ▁is ▁a ▁child ▁abuse ▁surviv or , ▁who ▁was ▁ab used ▁several ▁times ▁by ▁her ▁close ▁associ ates . ▁In ▁ 1
9 7 9 , ▁she ▁wrote ▁two ▁poems ▁about ▁her ▁child ▁abuse ▁experience . ▁ ▁Career ▁She ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁column ist ▁in ▁The ▁P unch ▁newspaper , ▁where ▁she ▁managed ▁a ▁column ▁called ▁" Pr in cess ▁Column ". ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁an ▁international ▁speaker ▁and ▁lover ▁of ▁children . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁she ▁founded ▁Media ▁Con c ern ▁Init iative ▁for ▁Women ▁and ▁Children , ▁a ▁non - govern ment al ▁organisation ▁for ▁women ▁and ▁children ▁that ▁focuses ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁sexual ▁violence ▁prevention ▁and ▁crisis ▁response ▁in ▁Nigeria ▁and ▁Africa . ▁She ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁various ▁radio ▁talk ▁shows ▁and ▁television ▁program mes . ▁She ▁became ▁an ▁Ash oka ▁fellow ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Y out ube ▁Media ▁Con c ern ▁Init iative ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁Nigeria <0x0A> </s> ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas ▁Ass ass ins ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁American ▁short ▁documentary ▁film ▁about ▁human ▁rights ▁ab uses ▁by ▁gradu ates ▁of ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas . ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Robert ▁Rich ter , ▁it ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁an ▁Academy ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Document ary ▁Short . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁School ▁of ▁Ass ass ins ▁at ▁Rich ter ▁V ide os ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 9 4
▁short ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁documentary ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁documentary ▁films ▁Category : American ▁independent ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : Short ▁documentary ▁films ▁Category : Document ary ▁films ▁about ▁human ▁rights <0x0A> </s> ▁Georges ▁Robin ▁( 1 9 0 4 – 1 9 2 8 ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁J or j ▁Robin , ▁was ▁a ▁sculpt or ▁and ▁designer ▁from ▁N antes . ▁ ▁Robin ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Bre ton ▁national ist ▁art ▁movement ▁Se iz ▁Bre ur , ▁working ▁at ▁the ▁magazine ▁K orn og , ▁founded ▁by ▁the ▁movement ' s ▁leader ▁Ren é - Y ves ▁C rest on . ▁He ▁created ▁sculpt ures ▁and ▁em bro ider y ▁designs ▁for ▁the ▁workshop ▁N ado zi ou ▁( need les ) ▁based ▁in ▁N antes . ▁ ▁With ▁other ▁members ▁of ▁Se iz ▁Bre ur ▁he ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁founding ▁of ▁the ▁N antes ▁Celt ic ▁Circle , ▁l ending ▁his ▁design ▁studio ▁for ▁its ▁classes ▁in ▁the ▁Bre ton ▁language . ▁He ▁also ▁created ▁a ▁project ▁for ▁a ▁Bre ton ▁language ▁cho ir . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁early ▁death ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 2 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁comm emor ated ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁journal ▁K elt ia , ▁written ▁by ▁C rest on ▁and ▁Paul ▁Lad mir ault . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 2 8
▁deaths ▁Category : B re ton ▁national ists ▁Category : B re ton ▁artists ▁Category : F rench ▁illustr ators ▁Category : F rench ▁mixed - media ▁artists ▁Category : F rench ▁decor ative ▁artists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁French ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁sculpt ors <0x0A> </s> ▁was ▁a ▁town ▁located ▁in ▁In ash iki ▁District , ▁I bar aki ▁P ref ect ure , ▁Japan . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁town ▁had ▁an ▁estimated ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 0 , 0 3 0 ▁and ▁a ▁population ▁density ▁of ▁ 3 7 9 . 2 1 ▁per ▁km ². ▁The ▁total ▁area ▁was ▁ 5 2 . 8 2 ▁km ². ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Ed os aki ▁and ▁the ▁towns ▁of ▁Az uma ▁and ▁Sh int one , ▁and ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Sak ur ag awa ▁( all ▁from ▁In ash iki ▁District ), ▁were ▁merged ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁In ash iki ▁and ▁no ▁longer ▁exists ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁municip ality . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁In ash iki ▁city ▁▁ ▁Category : D iss olved ▁municipal ities ▁of ▁I bar aki ▁P ref ect ure <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁following ▁lists ▁events ▁that ▁happened ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁in ▁I cel and . ▁ ▁Inc umb ents ▁President ▁– ▁V igd ís ▁Finn b og ad ó tt ir ▁ ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁–
▁Dav í ð ▁O dd sson ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁in ▁I cel and ▁I cel and ▁I cel and ▁Category : Y ears ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁in ▁I cel and <0x0A> </s> ▁Donald ▁Alexander ▁Mack enz ie ▁( 2 4 ▁July ▁ 1 8 7 3 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁journalist ▁and ▁fol kl or ist ▁and ▁a ▁pro l ific ▁writer ▁on ▁religion , ▁myth ology ▁and ▁anth rop ology ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁career ▁ ▁Mack enz ie ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁C rom art y , ▁son ▁of ▁A . H . ▁Mack enz ie ▁and ▁Is ob el ▁Mack ay . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁journalist ▁in ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁moved ▁to ▁D ing wall ▁as ▁owner ▁and ▁editor ▁of ▁The ▁North ▁Star . ▁His ▁next ▁move , ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁was ▁to ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Journal ▁in ▁D und ee . ▁From ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁he ▁represented ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁paper , ▁The ▁Bul let in , ▁in ▁Edinburgh . ▁As ▁well ▁as ▁writing ▁books , ▁articles ▁and ▁poems , ▁he ▁often ▁gave ▁lect ures , ▁and ▁also ▁broadcast ▁talks ▁on ▁Celt ic ▁myth ology . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁friend ▁of ▁many ▁specialist ▁authorities ▁in ▁his ▁areas ▁of ▁interest . ▁ ▁His ▁older ▁brother ▁was ▁William ▁Mack ay ▁Mack enz ie , ▁Secretary
▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Commission ▁on ▁Anc ient ▁and ▁Historical ▁Mon uments ▁of ▁Scotland ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Edinburgh ▁on ▁ 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁and ▁was ▁buried ▁in ▁C rom art y . ▁ ▁The ories ▁ ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁mat ri archy ▁ ▁In ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁key ▁works , ▁My th s ▁of ▁Cre te ▁and ▁Pre - H ellen ic ▁Europe ▁( 1 9 1 7 ), ▁Mack enz ie ▁argued ▁that ▁across ▁Europe ▁during ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁times , ▁pre - Ind o - Europe an ▁societies ▁were ▁mat ri arch al ▁and ▁woman - cent ered ▁( g yn oc entric ), ▁where ▁god dess es ▁were ▁v ener ated ▁but ▁that ▁the ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁patri arch al ▁(" andro cr atic ") ▁culture ▁sup pl anted ▁it . ▁Mack enz ie ' s ▁mat rist ic ▁theories ▁were ▁notably ▁influential ▁to ▁Mar ija ▁G im but as . ▁He ▁also ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁mat ri archy ▁was ▁as ▁far ▁north ▁as ▁Scotland , ▁writing ▁an ▁article ▁in ▁the ▁Celt ic ▁Review ▁called ▁" A ▁High land ▁God dess " ▁attempting ▁to ▁trace ▁the ▁very ▁early ▁presence ▁of ▁god dess ▁worship . ▁ ▁Budd hist ▁diffusion ism ▁ ▁Mack enz ie ▁was ▁a ▁diffusion ist . ▁He ▁believed ▁specifically ▁that ▁Budd h ists ▁colon ised ▁the ▁globe ▁in ▁ancient ▁ant iqu
ity ▁and ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁spreading ▁the ▁sw ast ika . ▁In ▁his ▁Budd h ism ▁in ▁Pre - Christ ian ▁Britain ▁( 1 9 2 8 ) ▁he ▁developed ▁the ▁theory ▁that ▁Budd h ists ▁were ▁in ▁Britain ▁and ▁Sc and in avia ▁long ▁before ▁the ▁spread ▁of ▁Christianity . ▁His ▁main ▁evidence ▁can ▁be ▁summar ised ▁as ▁follows : ▁ ▁The ▁G und est rup ▁bowl ▁" on ▁which ▁the ▁Celt ic ▁god , ▁C ern unn os , ▁is ▁post ured ▁like ▁a ▁typical ▁Budd ha ". ▁G aul ish ▁coins ▁with ▁seated ▁figures ▁like ▁Budd ha . ▁The ▁testimony ▁of ▁As oka , ▁who ▁launched ▁Budd hist ▁activities ▁into ▁Europe . ▁Or igen ' s ▁statement ▁of ▁Budd hist ▁do ctr ines ▁in ▁ancient ▁Britain . ▁ ▁The ▁work ▁received ▁a ▁mixed ▁reception . ▁Professor ▁of ▁Philosoph y ▁Ver g ili us ▁F erm ▁reviewed ▁the ▁work ▁posit ively , ▁but ▁other ▁scholars ▁critic ised ▁it ▁for ▁its ▁lack ▁of ▁evidence . ▁ ▁R ac ial ▁origin ▁of ▁British ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁Mack enz ie ▁published ▁Anc ient ▁Man ▁in ▁Britain , ▁a ▁work ▁covering ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Britain ▁from ▁Upper ▁P ale ol ith ic ▁times , ▁from ▁a ▁strong ▁eth n ological ▁basis . ▁The ▁fore word ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁G raft on ▁Ell iot ▁Smith . ▁The ▁work ▁covers ▁the ▁earliest ▁settlement ▁of ▁Britain ▁by ▁the ▁first ▁modern ▁humans ▁from ▁around ▁ 3 5 , 0 0 0
▁years ▁ago ▁during ▁the ▁Aur ign ac ian ▁( pp . 1 9 – 2 7 ). ▁In ▁the ▁book , ▁Mack enz ie ▁maint ains ▁that ▁the ▁C au cas oid ▁Cro - M agn ons ▁who ▁settled ▁in ▁Britain ▁were ▁dark ▁ha ired ▁and ▁dark ▁ey ed , ▁rac ially ▁a kin ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁Bas ques , ▁I ber ians ▁and ▁Ber bers ▁of ▁North ▁Africa ▁( p . 2 5 ), ▁who ▁he ▁the or ised ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁earliest ▁representatives ▁of ▁the ▁Mediterranean ▁race . ▁This ▁ind igenous ▁proto - M edit err anean ▁racial ▁stock ▁was ▁later ▁inv aded ▁by ▁another ▁" var iety ▁of ▁the ▁Mediterranean ▁race " ▁who ▁initiated ▁the ▁S olut re an ▁culture ▁around ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁years ▁ago ▁( p . 5 0 ). ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Mack enz ie , ▁the ▁Aur ign ac ian ▁and ▁S olut re an ▁peoples ▁of ▁Britain ▁traded ▁in ▁shell s ▁with ▁Cro - M agn ons ▁of ▁France . ▁They ▁later ▁inter ming led ▁with ▁later ▁arriving ▁C au cas oid ▁racial ▁types , ▁including ▁the ▁proto - Al p ines ▁( F ur fo oz ▁race ), ▁who ▁were ▁br ach y cel ph al ic ▁( broad - sk ull ed ) ▁and ▁a ▁L app id ▁race , ▁who ▁had ▁minor ▁E sk imo ▁phen ot yp ic ▁traits . ▁Mack enz ie ▁also ▁believed ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁highly ▁dep ig ment
ated ▁racial ▁type ▁in ▁small ▁numbers ▁in ▁Britain ▁during ▁the ▁Mag d alen ian , ▁perhaps ▁who ▁were ▁also ▁bl onde , ▁who ▁inter ming led ▁with ▁the ▁" dark ▁I ber ians " ▁( p . 6 0 ). ▁Mack enz ie ▁believed ▁that ▁during ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic , ▁the ▁predomin ant ▁racial ▁type ▁of ▁Britain ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁Mediterr an oid : ▁" The ▁car riers ▁of ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁culture ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁main ▁I ber ians ▁of ▁Mediterranean ▁racial ▁type " ▁( p . 1 2 6 ) ▁who ▁traded ▁in ▁pear ls ▁and ▁o res . ▁Reg arding ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁Britain , ▁Mack enz ie ▁devoted ▁several ▁chapters ▁supporting ▁his ▁theory ▁that ▁traders ▁and ▁" pro spect ors " ▁( min ers ) ▁arrived ▁in ▁Britain ▁c . ▁ 2 5 0 0 ▁BC , ▁originally ▁from ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Mediterranean ▁( pp . 9 8 – 1 0 1 ). ▁This ▁theory ▁was ▁initially ▁developed ▁by ▁Harold ▁Pe ake , ▁who ▁co ined ▁the ▁term ▁" Pro spector ▁Theory ". ▁In ▁the ▁scientific ▁literature ▁of ▁Car leton ▁S . ▁Co on ▁( 1 9 3 9 ), ▁the ▁theory ▁was ▁rev ived , ▁and ▁the ▁Mediterr ane ans ▁who ▁colon ised ▁Britain ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁or ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁were ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Med way ▁me gal ith s ▁( or ▁long - bar row ▁Meg al ith ic ▁culture ). ▁Joseph ▁Den iker ▁earlier ▁called ▁these
▁colon ists ▁" At l anto - M edit err anean ". ▁ ▁Mack enz ie ▁believed ▁that ▁these ▁Mediterr ane ans ▁who ▁colon ised ▁parts ▁of ▁Britain ▁survived ▁well ▁into ▁later ▁historic ▁periods ▁( p . 1 1 8 ) ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁Mediterranean ▁race ▁in ▁general ▁was ▁the ▁bulk ▁racial ▁stock ▁of ▁Britain ▁from ▁P ale ol ith ic ▁through ▁to ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁and ▁to ▁more ▁recent ▁periods . ▁They ▁had ▁black ▁or ▁brown ▁hair , ▁and ▁sw arth y ▁skin ▁" like ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁Southern ▁Ital ians " ▁( p . 1 2 6 ) ▁and ▁have ▁survived ▁in ▁numerous ▁pockets ▁of ▁Britain ▁to ▁the ▁modern ▁day ▁( p . 1 3 9 ) ▁despite ▁that ▁the ▁later ▁Ang lo - S ax on ▁and ▁Nor se ▁settlement , ▁who ▁were ▁fair er ▁in ▁appearance , ▁Mack enz ie ▁believed ▁their ▁genetic ▁input ▁or ▁ad mi xture ▁was ▁very ▁limited ▁but ▁that ▁they ▁sub j ug ated ▁the ▁British ▁im posing ▁a ▁new ▁civilization ▁and ▁culture ▁( p . 2 2 7 ). ▁ ▁Published ▁works ▁ ▁El ves ▁and ▁Hero es ▁( 1 9 0 9 ) ▁Finn ▁and ▁his ▁warrior ▁band ; : ▁Or , ▁T ales ▁of ▁old ▁Alban ▁( 1 9 1 1 ) ▁The ▁k hal if ate ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁( 1 9 1 1 ) ▁Te ut onic ▁My th ▁and ▁Legend ▁( 1 9 1 2 , ▁ 2 nd ▁Ed . ▁ 1
9 3 4 ) ▁▁ ▁Egyptian ▁My th ▁and ▁Legend ▁( 1 9 1 3 ) ▁My th s ▁and ▁Leg ends ▁of ▁Bab yl onia ▁and ▁Ass y ria ▁( 1 9 1 5 ); ▁online ▁ed itions : ▁g uten berg . org , ▁sacred - text s . com , ▁wisdom lib . org ▁Indian ▁Fair y ▁Stories ▁( 1 9 1 5 ) ▁Br ave ▁de eds ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁( 1 9 1 5 ) ▁Hero es ▁and ▁Hero ic ▁De eds ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁War ▁( 1 9 1 5 ) ▁Great ▁de eds ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁war ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁Stories ▁of ▁Russian ▁Fol k - Life ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁Lord ▁Kitchen er , ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁and ▁work ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁From ▁all ▁the ▁Front s ▁( 1 9 1 7 ) ▁Wonder ▁tales ▁from ▁Scottish ▁My th ▁and ▁Legend ▁( 1 9 1 7 ) ▁My th s ▁of ▁Cre te ▁and ▁Pre - H ellen ic ▁Europe ▁( 1 9 1 7 ) ▁The ▁World ' s ▁Heritage ▁Of ▁Ep ical , ▁Hero ic ▁And ▁Rom antic ▁Liter ature ▁Volume ▁I ▁( 1 9 1 8 ) ▁The ▁World ' s ▁Heritage ▁Of ▁Ep ical , ▁Hero ic ▁And ▁Rom antic ▁Liter ature ▁Volume ▁II ▁( 1 9 1 9 ) ▁Indian ▁My th ▁and ▁Legend ▁( 1 9 1 9 ) ▁S ons ▁& ▁daughters ▁of ▁the ▁Mother land ▁( 1
9 1 9 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁War ▁( 1 9 2 0 ) ▁S ons ▁& ▁daughters ▁of ▁Canada ▁( 1 9 2 0 ) ▁Anc ient ▁Man ▁in ▁Britain ▁( 1 9 2 2 ) ▁My th s ▁of ▁Pre - Col umb ian ▁America ▁( 1 9 2 4 ) ▁T ales ▁from ▁the ▁Northern ▁S ag as ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁The ▁God s ▁of ▁the ▁Class ics ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁Anc ient ▁Cre te ▁( 8 0 ▁page ▁book let , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁Anc ient ▁Egypt ▁( 8 0 ▁page ▁book let , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁Anc ient ▁Bab yl onia ▁and ▁Ass y ria ▁( 8 0 ▁page ▁book let , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁Budd h ism ▁in ▁Pre - Christ ian ▁Britain ▁( 1 9 2 8 ) ▁My th s ▁of ▁China ▁and ▁Japan ▁( 1 9 2 4 , ▁ 2 nd ▁Ed . ▁ 1 9 3 0 ) ▁Anc ient ▁England ▁( p am ph let , ▁ 1 9 3 1 ) ▁My th s ▁and ▁Trad itions ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁Sea ▁Islands ▁( 1 9 3 1 ) ▁The ▁M igration ▁of ▁Symbol s ▁and ▁their ▁Rel ations ▁to ▁Bel iefs ▁and ▁Custom s ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁Foot prints ▁Of ▁Early ▁Man ▁( 1 9 2 7 ) ▁Anc ient ▁civil
izations ▁from ▁the ▁earliest ▁times ▁to ▁the ▁birth ▁of ▁Christ ▁( 1 9 2 7 ) ▁Bur m ese ▁Wonder ▁T ales ▁( 1 9 2 9 ) ▁Scotland : ▁the ▁ancient ▁kingdom ▁( 1 9 3 0 ) ▁Some ▁M akers ▁of ▁History ▁( 1 9 3 0 ) ▁My th s ▁from ▁Mel anes ia ▁and ▁Indonesia ▁( 1 9 3 0 , ▁ 2 nd ▁Ed . ▁ 1 9 3 3 ) ▁Scottish ▁folk - l ore ▁and ▁folk ▁life ▁( 1 9 3 5 ) ▁Songs ▁of ▁the ▁High lands ▁and ▁the ▁islands ▁( 1 9 3 6 ) ▁ ▁Biography ▁The ▁Sc ots man , ▁ 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Lewis ▁Sp ence ▁David ▁Mac R itch ie ▁John ▁Stuart ▁Stuart - G len nie ▁G und est rup ▁c aul d ron ▁John ▁Rh ys ▁Scottish ▁p ork ▁tab oo ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Wonder ▁T ales ▁from ▁Scottish ▁My th ▁and ▁Legend ▁at ▁sacred - text s . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 6 ▁deaths ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁journalists ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁fol kl or ists ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁histor ians ▁Category : Compar ative ▁myth ologists ▁Category : My th ograph ers ▁Category : People ▁from ▁the ▁Black ▁Is le ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁newspaper ▁ed itors ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Scottish ▁people ▁Category
: 2 0 th - century ▁Scottish ▁writers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁British ▁histor ians <0x0A> </s> ▁Christopher ▁Jos if ▁H agi ▁Gl ig or ▁( born ▁ 8 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁football ▁( soc cer ) ▁central ▁mid f iel der ▁player , ▁who ▁last ▁played ▁for ▁Per th ▁Gl ory ▁in ▁the ▁A - Le ague . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁former ▁Roman ian ▁football er , ▁T iber iu ▁Gl ig or , ▁who ▁em igr ated ▁to ▁Australia ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁Gl ig or ▁is ▁also ▁half - Fil ip ino ▁on ▁his ▁mother ' s ▁side . ▁He ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁great ▁former ▁Roman ian ▁international ▁G he org he ▁H agi . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁ ▁Sydney ▁FC ▁As ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁Sydney ▁FC ' s ▁youth ▁team , ▁Gl ig or ▁featured ▁prom in ently ▁for ▁two ▁seasons ▁which ▁prompt ed ▁the ▁club ▁to ▁sign ▁him ▁to ▁his ▁first ▁senior ▁deal ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁A - Le ague ▁season . ▁The ▁promising ▁young ▁mid f iel der ▁signed ▁a ▁two - year ▁deal ▁with ▁Sydney ▁FC ▁along ▁with ▁fellow ▁youth ▁players ▁Mitchell ▁Mall ia ▁and ▁Daniel ▁Pet kov ski . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Gl ig or ▁also ▁won ▁player ▁of ▁the ▁month ▁and ▁received ▁a ▁nom ination
▁for ▁National ▁Youth ▁League ▁Player ▁Of ▁The ▁Year . ▁ ▁After ▁many ▁stand out ▁performances ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Youth ▁League , ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁senior ▁league ▁appearance ▁at ▁just ▁ 1 7 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁on ▁ 3 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁away ▁to ▁Central ▁Coast ▁Mar in ers . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁H agi , ▁along ▁with ▁several ▁other ▁players ▁were ▁released ▁from ▁Sydney ▁FC . ▁ ▁Per th ▁Gl ory ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Gl ig or ▁signed ▁a ▁contract ▁with ▁Per th ▁Gl ory . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Austral ia ▁youth ▁international ▁soccer ▁players ▁Category : Austral ia ▁under - 2 0 ▁international ▁soccer ▁players ▁Category : Austral ian ▁soccer ▁players ▁Category : Austral ian ▁people ▁of ▁Filip ino ▁descent ▁Category : Austral ian ▁people ▁of ▁Roman ian ▁descent ▁Category : S yd ney ▁FC ▁players ▁Category : Per th ▁Gl ory ▁FC ▁players ▁Category : A - Le ague ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Po it ras ▁is ▁a ▁surn ame . ▁It ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁An ique ▁Po it ras ▁( 1 9 6 1 – 2 0 1 6 ), ▁Canadian ▁writer ▁Aud rey ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 0 ), ▁president ▁of
▁the ▁M ét is ▁Nation ▁of ▁Alber ta , ▁Canada ▁D iane ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 1 ), ▁Canadian ▁video ▁and ▁film ▁artist ▁George ▁Po it ras ▁( 1 9 3 7 – 2 0 0 5 ), ▁chief ▁of ▁the ▁P ee pe ek is is ▁C ree ▁Nation , ▁Canada ▁G illes ▁Po it ras , ▁Canadian - born ▁author ▁of ▁books ▁relating ▁to ▁anime ▁and ▁m anga ▁Jane ▁Ash ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 1 ), ▁Canadian ▁artist ▁and ▁print maker ▁Jane ▁Cow ell - Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 3 ), ▁Canadian ▁politician ▁Jean - G uy ▁Po it ras , ▁Canadian ▁bad m inton ▁ref eree ▁Laura ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 4 ), ▁American ▁director ▁and ▁producer ▁of ▁documentary ▁films ▁Lawrence ▁Po it ras , ▁Canadian ▁judge ▁Marie - H él ène ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 5 ), ▁Canadian ▁writer ▁Pierre ▁Po it ras ▁( 1 8 1 0 – 1 8 8 9 ), ▁Canadian ▁politician ▁St acy ▁Po it ras ▁American ▁chains aw ▁car ving ▁sculpt or ▁T ina ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 0 ), ▁ ▁Canadian ▁race ▁walk er ▁Tom ▁Po it ras , ▁American ▁soccer ▁coach ▁Y v on ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 8 ), ▁Canadian ▁business man , ▁politician ▁and ▁lobby ist <0x0A> </s> ▁Peter ▁John ▁Mitchell ▁Thomas , ▁Baron
▁Thomas ▁of ▁G wy dir , ▁ ▁( 3 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁Conservative ▁politician . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Wel sh man ▁to ▁become ▁Chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Party , ▁serving ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁Conservative ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wales , ▁holding ▁that ▁office ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Early ▁and ▁family ▁life ▁Thomas ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁L lan rw st , ▁where ▁his ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁sol ic itor . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁village ▁school , ▁and ▁then ▁Ep worth ▁College ▁in ▁Rh yl , ▁before ▁reading ▁law ▁at ▁Jesus ▁College , ▁Oxford . ▁ ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁( RA F ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁on ▁the ▁outbreak ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁shot ▁down ▁while ▁serving ▁as ▁a ▁bom ber ▁pilot ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁and ▁spent ▁four ▁years ▁in ▁prisoner - of - war ▁camps ▁in ▁Germany , ▁moving ▁from ▁St al ag ▁Luft ▁VI ▁to ▁St al ag ▁Luft ▁III ▁and ▁then ▁at ▁St al ag ▁XI - B . ▁▁ ▁He ▁continued ▁his ▁legal ▁studies ▁while ▁imprison ed , ▁and ▁was ▁also ▁an ▁amateur ▁actor . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁barr ister ▁after ▁the ▁war , ▁and ▁was ▁called
▁to ▁the ▁Bar ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁at ▁Middle ▁Temple . ▁ ▁He ▁pract ised ▁on ▁the ▁Wales ▁and ▁Che ster ▁circuit , ▁and ▁took ▁silk ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁deputy ▁chairman ▁of ▁Che shire ▁quarter ▁sessions ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁and ▁then ▁of ▁Den b igh shire ▁quarter ▁sessions ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁serving ▁in ▁both ▁offices ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁Crown ▁Court ▁rec order ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁and ▁also ▁sat ▁as ▁an ▁arbitr ator ▁on ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Ar bitr ation ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Commerce ▁in ▁Paris . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁b iling ual ▁in ▁Wel sh ▁and ▁English , ▁and ▁took ▁an ▁active ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁G ors ed d , ▁attending ▁E isted df od au ▁under ▁the ▁b ard ic ▁name ▁Ped r ▁Con wy ▁( W el sh : ▁Peter ▁from ▁Con way ). ▁ ▁He ▁married ▁T essa ▁Dean ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁actor ▁and ▁film ▁and ▁the atr ical ▁producer ▁Bas il ▁Dean ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Lady ▁Mer cy ▁Gre ville . ▁ ▁His ▁wife ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁and ▁he ▁out l ived ▁both ▁of ▁their ▁two ▁sons . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁survived ▁by ▁his ▁two ▁daughters ▁upon ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8
▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 8 7 . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁Thomas ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁Parliament ▁as ▁MP ▁for ▁Con way ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁winning ▁a ▁narrow ▁majority ▁in ▁the ▁marginal ▁seat ▁over ▁the ▁Labour ▁inc umb ent . ▁ ▁He ▁turned ▁down ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁Under - Secret ary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wales ▁at ▁the ▁Home ▁Office ▁to ▁concentrate ▁on ▁his ▁legal ▁career , ▁but ▁later ▁served ▁as ▁Parliament ary ▁private ▁secretary ▁to ▁Sir ▁Harry ▁H yl ton - F oster ▁( the ▁Sol ic itor ▁General ▁and ▁later ▁Spe aker ) ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Europe ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁and ▁sponsored ▁the ▁private ▁members ▁bill ▁that ▁became ▁the ▁E isted df od ▁Act ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁Parliament ary ▁Secretary ▁at ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Labour ▁ 1 9 5 9 – 6 1 , ▁taking ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁measures ▁that ▁abol ished ▁the ▁requirements ▁for ▁employees ▁to ▁be ▁paid ▁in ▁cash ▁and ▁the ▁maximum ▁wage ▁for ▁professional ▁football er ▁( £ 1 4 ▁per ▁week ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 0 ). ▁ ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁become ▁Under - Secret ary ▁of ▁State ▁at ▁the ▁Foreign ▁Office ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁travelling ▁to ▁Moscow ▁with ▁Lord ▁Home ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁to ▁sign ▁the ▁N uc lear
▁Test ▁Ban ▁Treat y . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Minister ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁and ▁was ▁sw orn ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁in ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁Birth day ▁Hon ours ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁but ▁left ▁office ▁when ▁his ▁party ▁lost ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁general ▁election . ▁In ▁opposition , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁spokes man ▁on ▁foreign ▁affairs ▁and ▁then ▁law ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 5 – 6 6 . ▁ ▁Although ▁he ▁had ▁held ▁his ▁Con way ▁seat ▁( and ▁stead ily ▁increased ▁his ▁majority ) ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁he ▁narrow ly ▁lost ▁to ▁Labour ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁general ▁election , ▁but ▁returned ▁as ▁MP ▁for ▁Hend on ▁South ▁at ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁a ▁position ▁which ▁he ▁held ▁until ▁ret iring ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁whole ▁of ▁Edward ▁He ath ' s ▁prem iers hip ▁he ▁held ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wales . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁during ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁violent ▁activ ism ▁by ▁pro ponents ▁of ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁language , ▁including ▁bomb ings ▁and ▁a ▁campaign ▁by ▁the ▁C ym de ith as ▁y r ▁I a ith ▁Gym ra eg ▁( W el sh ▁Language ▁Society ) ▁to ▁remove ▁English ▁road ▁signs . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁par
alle ling ▁plans ▁to ▁re organ ise ▁local ▁government ▁in ▁England , ▁Thomas ▁announced ▁the ▁plans ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁existing ▁ 1 8 1 ▁local ▁coun c ils ▁with ▁ 7 ▁new ▁county ▁coun c ils ▁count ies ▁and ▁ 3 6 ▁district ▁coun c ils . ▁ ▁An ▁extra ▁county ▁council ▁was ▁added ▁later , ▁for ▁Card iff . ▁ ▁Thomas ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁Chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Party ▁between ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁ ▁Thomas ▁remained ▁Wel sh ▁spokes man ▁after ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Party ▁lost ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁but ▁left ▁the ▁front ▁bench ▁when ▁Margaret ▁Th atch er ▁became ▁party ▁leader ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁active ▁on ▁back bench ▁commit te es , ▁and ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Friends ▁of ▁Israel . ▁ ▁He ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁general ▁election , ▁and ▁was ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁peer age ▁for ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁D iss olution ▁Hon ours ▁that ▁year , ▁gaz ett ed ▁as ▁Baron ▁Thomas ▁of ▁G wy dir , ▁of ▁L lan rw st ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁G w yn ed d . ▁ ▁Tit les , ▁styles ▁and ▁arms ▁ 1 9 2 0 1 9 5 1 : ▁Mr ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁ 1 9 5 1 1 9 6 4 : ▁Mr ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 5
: ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 6 5 1 9 6 6 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 6 6 1 9 7 0 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 7 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 2 0 0 8 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁The ▁Lord ▁Thomas ▁of ▁G wy dir ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁O bit uary , ▁The ▁Times , ▁ 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁O bit uary , ▁The ▁Daily ▁Tele graph , ▁ 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁O bit uary , ▁The ▁Guard ian , ▁ 6 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁O bit uary , ▁The ▁Independent , ▁ 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁deaths ▁Category : Con serv ative ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁MP s ▁for ▁Wel sh ▁constitu encies ▁Thomas ▁of ▁G wy dir ▁Category : Secret aries ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wales ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Queen ' s ▁Coun sel ▁Category : Con serv ative ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁MP s ▁for ▁English ▁constitu encies ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 1 –
1 9 5 5 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 5 – 1 9 5 9 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 9 – 1 9 6 4 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 6 4 – 1 9 6 6 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 0 – 1 9 7 4 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 4 – 1 9 7 9 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 9 – 1 9 8 3 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 8 3 – 1 9 8 7 ▁Category : R oyal ▁Air ▁Force ▁officers ▁Category : R oyal ▁Air ▁Force ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁held ▁by ▁Germany ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Jesus ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : B rit ish ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁Category : Ch air men ▁of ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Party ▁( UK ) <0x0A> </s> ▁D . ▁Ant ón io ▁de ▁A ra ú jo ▁e ▁Az ev edo , ▁ 1 st ▁Count ▁of ▁Bar ca ▁( 1 4 ▁May ▁ 1 7 5 4 ▁– ▁ 2 1 ▁July ▁ 1 8 1 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Portuguese ▁states man , ▁author ▁and ▁amateur ▁bot an ist . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁After ▁cooper ating ▁in ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁in
▁Lis bon , ▁he ▁represented ▁his ▁government ▁in ▁Holland , ▁France , ▁Pr ussia , ▁and ▁Russia . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁first ▁minister ▁of ▁John ▁VI ▁of ▁Portugal , ▁whom ▁he ▁followed ▁when ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Court ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁colony ▁of ▁Brazil ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 7 . ▁There ▁he ▁was ▁minister ▁of ▁the ▁navy ▁and ▁foreign ▁minister , ▁and ▁took ▁great ▁interest ▁in ▁promoting ▁education ▁and ▁industry , ▁having ▁established ▁the ▁manufact ure ▁of ▁por cel ain ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Jane iro . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁He ▁conducted ▁scientific ▁studies ▁and ▁experiments ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁palace ▁and ▁private ▁bot an ical ▁garden , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁trials ▁for ▁the ▁ac cl imat ization ▁and ▁culture ▁of ▁the ▁tea - plant ▁in ▁Brazil . ▁Later ▁in ▁life , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁Brazil ' s ▁first ▁school ▁of ▁fine ▁arts . ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁author , ▁his ▁works ▁include ▁two ▁traged ies ▁and ▁a ▁translation ▁of ▁Vir g il ' s ▁past or als . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 5 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 1 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Portugal ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Portugal ▁to ▁France ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Portugal ▁to ▁Pr ussia ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Portugal ▁to ▁Russia ▁Category : Port ug uese ▁male ▁writers ▁Category : Port ug uese ▁bot an ists ▁Category : G
overn ment ▁minister s ▁of ▁Portugal ▁Category : People ▁from ▁P onte ▁de ▁L ima ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁Portuguese ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Portuguese ▁writers ▁Category : Count s ▁of ▁Bar ca <0x0A> </s> ▁Jane ▁Hay ward ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁actress . ▁ ▁Hay ward ▁made ▁appearances ▁in ▁over ▁twenty ▁films ▁and ▁television ▁program mes . ▁She ▁had ▁roles ▁in ▁produ ctions ▁such ▁as ▁ 2 0 0 1 : ▁A ▁Space ▁Od ys sey ▁( film ), ▁BBC ▁police ▁proced ural ▁drama ▁The ▁Bill , ▁Never ▁the ▁Tw ain , ▁and ▁Executive ▁St ress . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁Jane ▁Hay ward ▁focused ▁her ▁career ▁mostly ▁on ▁the ▁stage . ▁Her ▁roles ▁included ▁A ▁Mid sum mer ▁Night ' s ▁Dream ▁at ▁the ▁I ps wich ▁Theatre , ▁the ▁title ▁role ▁in ▁C inder ella ▁at ▁the ▁North ampton ▁Theatre ▁Royal , ▁and ▁Jane ▁E y re , ▁the ▁stage ▁adaptation ▁of ▁D ial ▁M ▁for ▁Mur der , ▁and ▁The ▁Woman ▁in ▁White , ▁also ▁at ▁the ▁North ampton ▁Theatre ▁Royal . ▁▁ ▁Hay ward ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁acting ▁profession ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁after ▁taking ▁a ▁break ▁to ▁raise ▁her ▁family . ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁She ▁died ▁after ▁being ▁hit ▁by ▁an ▁Ar riv a ▁Sh ires ▁& ▁Es sex ▁double - de cker ▁bus ▁in ▁Rick mans worth , ▁H ert ford shire ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 .
▁BBC ▁News ▁reported ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁that ▁Hay ward ▁attempted ▁to ▁" cross ▁the ▁road ▁without ▁looking . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁accident , ▁BBC ▁News ▁reported ▁that ▁Hay ward ▁died ▁at ▁the ▁scene . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁English ▁actress es ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from ▁London ▁Category : English ▁stage ▁actress es ▁Category : English ▁television ▁actress es ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁State ▁Route ▁ 7 7 4 ▁( SR ▁ 7 7 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁state ▁highway ▁in ▁Es mer al da ▁County , ▁Nevada , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁Gold ▁Point ▁Road , ▁connecting ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Gold ▁Point ▁to ▁State ▁Route ▁ 2 6 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁route ▁was ▁originally ▁part ▁of ▁former ▁State ▁Route ▁ 7 1 . ▁ ▁Route ▁description ▁ ▁The ▁highway ▁begins ▁at ▁Third ▁Street ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁Gold ▁Point . ▁ ▁From ▁there , ▁the ▁route ▁heads ▁nort heast ▁to ▁its ▁termin us ▁approximately ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁L ida ▁on ▁State ▁Route ▁ 2 6 6 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Gold ▁Point ▁Road ▁first ▁shows ▁up ▁on ▁state ▁highway ▁maps ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁as ▁State ▁Route ▁ 7 1 , ▁an ▁un im pro ved ▁highway . ▁The ▁alignment ▁followed ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁present - day ▁SR ▁
7 7 4 ▁and ▁extended ▁further ▁south west ▁of ▁Gold ▁Point ▁to ▁the ▁California ▁state ▁line . ▁ ▁With ▁no ▁major ▁road ▁or ▁town ▁connection ▁beyond ▁Gold ▁Point ▁into ▁California , ▁the ▁southern ▁end ▁of ▁SR ▁ 7 1 ▁was ▁trunc ated ▁to ▁Gold ▁Point ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁SR ▁ 7 1 ▁was ▁re number ed ▁to ▁State ▁Route ▁ 7 7 4 ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁a ▁change ▁which ▁first ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁state ▁highway ▁map ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁SR ▁ 7 7 4 ▁regularly ▁appears ▁on ▁state ▁highway ▁maps ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 – 9 2 ▁edition . ▁By ▁that ▁time , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁state - m aint ained ▁highway ▁in ▁Nevada ▁that ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁constructed ▁into ▁a ▁p aved ▁highway . ▁P aving ▁had ▁taken ▁place ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Major ▁inter sections ▁Note : ▁The ▁route ' s ▁mile posts ▁are ▁assigned ▁from ▁north ▁to ▁south . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ 7 7 4 ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Es mer al da ▁County , ▁Nevada <0x0A> </s> ▁Cec il ▁Wilson ▁( 9 ▁September ▁ 1 8 6 0 , ▁London ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 1 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁county ▁cr ick eter ▁and ▁Ang lic an ▁b ishop . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Can on bury ; ▁died ▁in ▁Per th
, ▁Western ▁Australia . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁third ▁mission ary ▁Ang lic an ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Mel anes ia ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 1 , ▁and ▁subsequently , ▁the ▁second ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Bun bury ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁▁ ▁Educ ated ▁at ▁Ton bridge ▁School , ▁Wilson ▁went ▁up ▁to ▁Jesus ▁College , ▁Cambridge , ▁gradu ating ▁in ▁Div inity ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁first - class ▁cr ick eter ▁who ▁played ▁for ▁Kent ▁from ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁to ▁ 1 8 9 0 ; ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁his ▁county ▁cap ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 . ▁In ▁one ▁match ▁he ▁scored ▁ 5 0 ▁in ▁each ▁inn ings ▁against ▁the ▁tour ing ▁Australian ▁Ele ven . ▁ ▁Wilson ▁served ▁par ishes ▁in ▁England ▁before ▁his ▁con sec r ation . ▁He ▁launched ▁the ▁fifth ▁Southern ▁Cross ▁mission ▁ship ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 , ▁and ▁advoc ated ▁for ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁Ang lic an ▁life ▁in ▁Mel anes ia ▁to ▁the ▁Sol omon ▁Islands ▁from ▁Nor folk ▁Island . ▁ ▁Un w illing , ▁however , ▁to ▁himself ▁move ▁to ▁the ▁Sol om ons , ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁re ctor ▁of ▁St ▁Andrew ' s ▁Church , ▁Walk erv ille ▁and ▁Arch de acon ▁of ▁Ad ela ide , ▁South ▁Australia , ▁which ▁posts ▁he ▁held ▁until
▁his ▁Bun bury ▁appointment ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁ ▁Wilson ▁is ▁listed ▁in ▁the ▁Cal endar ▁of ▁S aints ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Mel anes ia . ▁ ▁Public ations ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Historical ▁documents ▁by ▁Wilson ▁from ▁Project ▁Can ter bury ▁Mel anes ian ▁Mission ▁Occ as ional ▁Paper ▁announ cing ▁Wilson ' s ▁selection ▁as ▁Bishop , ▁ 1 8 9 4 . ▁The ▁W ake ▁of ▁the ▁Southern ▁Cross : ▁Work ▁and ▁Advent ures ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Se as , ▁by ▁Cec il ▁Wilson ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁Kings ▁Cand l est icks ▁- ▁Family ▁T rees ▁▁▁ ▁Category : B ish ops ▁of ▁Mel anes ia ▁Category : Ang lic an ▁b ish ops ▁of ▁Bun bury ▁Category : Ang lic an ▁s aints ▁Category : 1 8 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 1 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁Ton bridge ▁School ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Jesus ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁Category : I ▁Z ing ari ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : M ary le bone ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : K ent ▁cr ick eters <0x0A> </s> ▁ESP N c ric info ▁( former ly ▁known ▁as ▁C ric info ▁or ▁C ric Info ) ▁is ▁a ▁sports ▁news ▁website ▁exclusively ▁for ▁the ▁game ▁of ▁cricket . ▁The ▁site ▁features ▁news , ▁articles , ▁live ▁coverage ▁of ▁cricket ▁matches ▁( including
▁live blog s ▁and ▁score cards ), ▁and ▁St ats G uru , ▁a ▁database ▁of ▁historical ▁matches ▁and ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁to ▁the ▁present . ▁, ▁S amb it ▁Bal ▁was ▁the ▁editor . ▁ ▁The ▁site , ▁originally ▁con ceived ▁in ▁a ▁pre - World ▁W ide ▁Web ▁form ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁by ▁Simon ▁King , ▁was ▁acquired ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁by ▁the ▁Wis den ▁G rou pp ub lish ers ▁of ▁several ▁notable ▁cricket ▁magazines ▁and ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Cr ick eters ' ▁Al man ack . ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁an ▁event ual ▁break up ▁of ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Group , ▁it ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁ESP N , ▁joint ly ▁owned ▁by ▁The ▁Walt ▁Disney ▁Company ▁and ▁H ear st ▁Corporation , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁History ▁C ric Info ▁was ▁launched ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁by ▁Simon ▁King , ▁a ▁British ▁research er ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁and ▁Bad ri ▁S esh ad ri ▁with ▁help ▁from ▁students ▁and ▁researchers ▁at ▁universities ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁The ▁site ▁was ▁rel iant ▁on ▁contributions ▁from ▁fans ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁who ▁spent ▁hours ▁comp iling ▁electronic ▁score cards ▁and ▁contributing ▁them ▁to ▁C ric Info ' s ▁comprehensive ▁archive , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁key ing ▁in ▁live ▁scores ▁from ▁games ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁using ▁C ric Info ' s ▁scoring ▁software , ▁" d ou gie ". ▁In
▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁C ric info ' s ▁estimated ▁worth ▁was ▁$ 1 5 0 ▁million ; ▁however ▁it ▁faced ▁difficulties ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁dot com ▁crash . ▁ ▁C ric info ' s ▁significant ▁growth ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁made ▁it ▁an ▁attractive ▁site ▁for ▁investors ▁during ▁the ▁peak ▁of ▁the ▁dot com ▁boom , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁it ▁received ▁$ 3 7 ▁million ▁worth ▁of ▁Sat y am ▁Inf ow ay ▁Ltd . ▁shares ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 5 % ▁stake ▁in ▁the ▁company ▁( a ▁val uation ▁of ▁around ▁£ 1 0 0 ▁million ). ▁It ▁used ▁around ▁$ 2 2 m ▁worth ▁of ▁the ▁paper ▁to ▁pay ▁off ▁initial ▁investors ▁but ▁only ▁raised ▁about ▁£ 6 ▁million ▁by ▁selling ▁the ▁remaining ▁stock . ▁While ▁the ▁site ▁continued ▁to ▁attract ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁users ▁and ▁operated ▁on ▁a ▁very ▁low ▁cost ▁base , ▁its ▁income ▁was ▁not ▁enough ▁to ▁support ▁a ▁peak ▁staff ▁of ▁ 1 3 0 ▁in ▁nine ▁countries , ▁forcing ▁redu nd ancies . ▁ ▁By ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁the ▁company ▁was ▁making ▁a ▁monthly ▁operating ▁profit ▁and ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁very ▁few ▁independent ▁sports ▁sites ▁to ▁avoid ▁collapse ▁( such ▁as ▁Sports . com ▁and ▁Sport al ). ▁However , ▁the ▁business ▁was ▁still ▁serv icing ▁a ▁large ▁loan . ▁ ▁C ric info ▁was ▁eventually ▁acquired ▁by ▁Paul ▁Get ty ' s ▁Wis den
▁Group , ▁the ▁publisher ▁of ▁Wis den ▁Cr ick eters ' ▁Al man ack ▁and ▁The ▁Wis den ▁Cr ick eter , ▁and ▁renamed ▁Wis den ▁C ric info . ▁The ▁Wis den ▁brand ▁( and ▁its ▁own ▁wis den . com ▁site ) ▁were ▁eventually ▁ph ased ▁out ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁C ric info ▁for ▁Wis den ' s ▁online ▁operations . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Wis den ▁re - la unched ▁its ▁recently ▁dis contin ued ▁Wis den ▁Asia ▁Cr icket ▁magazine ▁as ▁C ric info ▁Magazine , ▁a ▁magazine ▁dedicated ▁to ▁coverage ▁of ▁Indian ▁cricket . ▁The ▁magazine ▁published ▁its ▁last ▁issue ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁revenue ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁be ▁£ 3 m . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Group ▁began ▁to ▁be ▁broken ▁up ▁and ▁sold ▁to ▁other ▁companies ; ▁BS ky B ▁acquired ▁The ▁Wis den ▁Cr ick eter , ▁while ▁Sony ▁Corporation ▁acquired ▁the ▁Haw k - E ye ▁ball ▁tracking ▁system . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁ESP N ▁Inc . ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁acquired ▁C ric info ▁from ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Group . ▁The ▁acquisition ▁was ▁intended ▁to ▁help ▁further ▁expand ▁C ric info ▁by ▁combining ▁the ▁site ▁with ▁ESP N ' s ▁other ▁web ▁properties , ▁including ▁ESP N . com ▁and ▁ESP N ▁Soc c ern et . ▁Terms ▁of ▁the ▁acquisition ▁were ▁not ▁dis closed
. ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁S amb it ▁Bal ▁is ▁the ▁Editor - in - Ch ief ▁of ▁ESP N c ric info . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ESP N c ric info . com ▁celebrated ▁its ▁ 2 0 ▁anniversary ▁of ▁founding ▁with ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁online ▁features . ▁The ▁annual ▁ESP N c ric info ▁Awards ▁have ▁also ▁become ▁an ▁extremely ▁popular ▁event ▁in ▁the ▁cricket ▁calendar . ▁ ▁Popular ity ▁ESP N c ric info ' s ▁popularity ▁was ▁further ▁demonstrated ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁when ▁the ▁site ▁could ▁not ▁handle ▁the ▁heavy ▁traffic ▁experienced ▁after ▁Indian ▁cr ick eter ▁Sach in ▁T end ul kar ▁broke ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁highest ▁individual ▁male ▁score ▁in ▁a ▁One ▁Day ▁International ▁match ▁with ▁ 2 0 0 *. ▁ ▁Features ▁ESP N c ric info ▁contains ▁various ▁news , ▁columns , ▁blogs , ▁videos ▁and ▁fantasy ▁sports ▁games . ▁Among ▁its ▁most ▁popular ▁feature ▁are ▁its ▁live blog s ▁of ▁cricket ▁matches , ▁which ▁includes ▁a ▁be vy ▁of ▁score card ▁options , ▁allowing ▁readers ▁to ▁track ▁such ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁as ▁wagon ▁wheels ▁and ▁partnership ▁breakdown s . ▁For ▁each ▁match , ▁the ▁live ▁scores ▁are ▁accompanied ▁by ▁a ▁bullet in , ▁which ▁details ▁the ▁turning ▁points ▁of ▁the ▁match ▁and ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁off - field ▁events . ▁The ▁site ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁offer ▁C ric info ▁ 3 D , ▁a ▁feature
▁which ▁util izes ▁a ▁match ' s ▁scoring ▁data ▁to ▁generate ▁a ▁ 3 D ▁animated ▁simulation ▁of ▁a ▁live ▁match . ▁ ▁Regular ▁columns ▁on ▁ESP N c ric info ▁include ▁" All ▁Today ' s ▁Yes ter days ", ▁an ▁" On ▁this ▁day " ▁column ▁focusing ▁on ▁historical ▁cricket ▁events , ▁and ▁" Qu ote ▁Un quote ", ▁which ▁features ▁notable ▁quotes ▁from ▁cr ick eters ▁and ▁cricket ▁administr ators . ▁" A sk ▁Steven " ▁is ▁a ▁weekly ▁column , ▁published ▁on ▁T ues days , ▁in ▁which ▁Steven ▁Lyn ch ▁answers ▁users ' ▁questions ▁on ▁all ▁things ▁cricket . ▁ ▁Among ▁its ▁most ▁extensive ▁features ▁is ▁St ats G uru , ▁a ▁database ▁originally ▁created ▁by ▁Tr avis ▁Base vi , ▁containing ▁statistics ▁on ▁players , ▁officials , ▁teams , ▁information ▁about ▁cricket ▁boards , ▁details ▁of ▁future ▁tour naments , ▁individual ▁teams , ▁and ▁records . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ESP N c ric info ▁launched ▁C ric I Q , ▁an ▁ ▁online ▁test ▁to ▁challenge ▁every ▁fan ’ s ▁cricket ▁knowledge . ▁ ▁The ▁Cr icket ▁Month ly ▁The ▁Cr icket ▁Month ly ▁claims ▁itself ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁world ’ s ▁first ▁digital - only ▁cricket ▁magazine . ▁The ▁first ▁issue ▁was ▁dated ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁decade ▁of ▁C ric info ▁by ▁Bad ri ▁S esh ad ri , ▁ 2 6 ▁September ▁ 2
0 1 3 ▁ ▁C ric Info ▁– ▁How ▁it ▁all ▁began ▁by ▁Roh an ▁Chand ran , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁with ▁an ▁ins iders ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁who , ▁how ▁and ▁what ▁and ▁comments ▁by ▁other ▁pione ers . ▁( B log ▁at ▁WordPress . com ) ▁ ▁Category : C rick et ▁websites ▁Category : ES PN ▁media ▁out lets ▁Category : G opher ▁( protocol ) ▁Category : S ports ▁media ▁in ▁India ▁Category : Intern et ▁properties ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁mer gers ▁and ▁acquis itions <0x0A> </s> ▁Sed ley ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁S urn ame ▁Sed ley ▁( s urn ame ) ▁ ▁Given ▁name ▁Sed ley ▁Al ley ▁( 1 9 5 5 – 2 0 0 6 ), ▁convicted ▁of ▁ab duct ing , ▁rap ing , ▁and ▁murder ing ▁ 1 9 - year - old ▁Suz anne ▁Marie ▁Collins ▁Sed ley ▁And rus , ▁L VO ▁( 1 9 1 5 – 2 0 0 9 ), ▁long - serv ing ▁English ▁officer ▁of ▁arms ▁who ▁was ▁Be a um ont ▁Her ald ▁of ▁Ar ms ▁Extra ord inary ▁Sed ley ▁Cooper ▁( born ▁ 1 9 1 1 ), ▁former ▁professional ▁football er ▁Sed ley ▁C ud more , ▁B . A ., ▁M . A ., ▁( 1 8 7 8 – 1 9 4 5 ), ▁Canadian ▁econom ist , ▁academic , ▁civil ▁servant ▁and ▁Canada '
s ▁second ▁Domin ion ▁Stat istic ian ▁ ▁Pl aces ▁Sed ley , ▁Indiana , ▁an ▁un inc or por ated ▁community ▁in ▁P orter ▁County , ▁United ▁States ▁Sed ley , ▁S ask at che wan , ▁village ▁in ▁S ask at che wan , ▁south - east ▁of ▁R egin a , ▁S ask at che wan , ▁Canada ▁Sed ley , ▁Virginia , ▁un inc or por ated ▁community ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁South ampton ▁County , ▁Virginia , ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Other ▁Sed ley ▁Baron ets ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Kent , ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁the ▁Baron et age ▁of ▁England ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁June ▁ 1 6 1 1 ▁Sed ley ▁Place , ▁independent ▁design ▁agency ▁based ▁in ▁Cl aph am , ▁London ▁Sed ley ▁Taylor ▁Road , ▁road ▁in ▁west ▁Cambridge , ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁Hom m ell ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁Autom obile ▁manufacturer , ▁started ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁by ▁Michel ▁Hom m ell , ▁a ▁former ▁racing ▁driver ▁and ▁the ▁owner ▁of ▁É ch app ement , ▁a ▁French ▁car ▁magazine . ▁The ▁company ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁L oh é ac , ▁near ▁R ennes , ▁Br itt any . ▁A ▁prototype ▁of ▁the ▁kind ▁of ▁sports ▁car ▁he ▁would ▁like ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁was ▁shown ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Paris ▁Sal on , ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁well ▁received , ▁encouraging ▁him ▁to ▁go ▁ahead ▁with ▁a ▁production ▁version . ▁This ▁was ▁shown ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9
4 ▁Gen eva ▁Motor ▁Show . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 ▁seat ▁sports ▁cou pe ▁is ▁powered ▁by ▁a ▁mid - mount ed ▁ 2 . 0 lt ▁Pe uge ot ▁engine ▁and ▁ 6 ▁speed ▁gear box ▁in ▁a ▁tub ular ▁steel ▁ch ass is ▁with ▁all - round ▁independent ▁suspension . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁Bar qu ette , ▁an ▁open - top ▁version ▁was ▁announced , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁Berlin ette ▁R S , ▁as ▁the ▁original ▁model ▁was ▁now ▁called , ▁had ▁a ▁more ▁powerful ▁Cit ro ë n ▁engine ▁fitted . ▁ ▁The ▁brand ▁has ▁produced ▁three ▁models ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁G illes ▁D up ré : ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁ ▁Berlin ette ▁É ch app ement ▁Engine : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁cc ▁in - line ▁ 4 - cy l inder ▁DO HC ▁ 1 6 - val ve ▁ ▁Power : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 6 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Tor que : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 3 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Weight : ▁ ▁Top ▁Speed : ▁ ▁Bar qu ette ▁Engine : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁cc ▁in - line ▁ 4 - cy l inder ▁DO HC ▁ 1 6 - val ve ▁ ▁Power : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 6 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Tor que : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 5 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Weight : ▁ ▁Top ▁Speed : ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9
9 9 ▁Berlin ette ▁R S ▁coup é ▁Engine : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁cc ▁in - line ▁ 4 - cy l inder ▁DO HC ▁ 1 6 - val ve ▁ ▁Power : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 6 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Tor que : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 5 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Weight : ▁ ▁Top ▁Speed : ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Berlin ette ▁R S 2 ▁Engine : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁cc ▁in - line ▁ 4 - cy l inder ▁DO HC ▁ 1 6 - val ve ▁ ▁Power : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 6 7 5 0 ▁r pm ▁Tor que : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 5 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Weight : ▁ ▁Top ▁Speed : ▁▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁production ▁was ▁stopped ▁for ▁financial ▁reasons . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Chinese ▁investors ▁wanted ▁to ▁buy ▁the ▁plans ▁for ▁the ▁Berlin etta ▁Hom m ell ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁near ▁Shanghai ▁for ▁the ▁local ▁market , ▁but ▁no ▁agreement ▁was ▁reached . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Michel ▁Hom m ell ' s ▁Man oir ▁de ▁l ' Autom obile ▁ ▁Category : Car ▁manufacturers ▁of ▁France ▁Category : S ports ▁car ▁manufacturers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁in ▁Ne um ark t ▁( E g na ) ▁on ▁the ▁River ▁Ad ige ▁is ▁a ▁wine ▁estate ▁in ▁the ▁“ B ass a ▁At es ina
“ ▁wine - grow ing ▁region ▁in ▁Italy . ▁The ▁win ery ▁is ▁managed ▁by ▁Anton ▁von ▁Long o - L ie ben stein , ▁who ▁represents ▁the ▁new ▁generation ▁of ▁the ▁family . ▁ ▁Location ▁and ▁head ▁office ▁of ▁the ▁estate ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁stret ches ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁River ▁Ad ige ▁from ▁the ▁neighbour hood ▁of ▁Ne um ark t ▁known ▁as ▁Villa ▁across ▁Mont agna ▁and ▁into ▁Ne um ark t ▁town ▁centre . ▁Ne um ark t ▁ ▁mostly ▁lies ▁at ▁the ▁base ▁of ▁former ▁branches ▁of ▁a ▁gl ac ier . ▁The ▁region ’ s ▁complex ▁soil ▁is ▁rich ▁in ▁por phy ry ▁and ▁lim estone . ▁Key ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁estate ▁are ▁the ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁in ▁the ▁neighbour hood ▁of ▁Villa ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁in ▁Eg na . ▁Both ▁of ▁these ▁buildings ▁have ▁been ▁listed ▁since ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁ ▁The ▁three - store y ▁ch âteau ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁stands ▁out ▁in ▁its ▁prominent ▁position ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁a ▁cone - shaped ▁vine yard ▁in ▁the ▁Villa ▁neighbour hood ▁of ▁Ne um ark t . ▁A ▁vine yard ▁surround s ▁the ▁building ▁in ▁concent ric ▁circles , ▁with ▁the ▁v ines ▁extending ▁to ▁the ▁foot ▁of ▁the ▁vine yard ▁and ▁beyond . ▁The ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁has ▁gained ▁in ▁international ▁recognition ▁in ▁recent ▁years ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁used
▁as ▁a ▁mot if ▁in ▁international ▁advertising ▁campaigns ▁for ▁Al to ▁Ad ige . ▁ ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁ ▁The ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ’ s ▁wine ▁cell ar ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Long o . ▁Part s ▁of ▁the ▁historic ▁wine ▁cell ar ▁have ▁been ▁preserved ▁to ▁the ▁present ▁day , ▁although ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁it ▁was ▁re des igned ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁“ Pal ais ▁Long o ” ▁man or ▁house , ▁which ▁att ained ▁its ▁current ▁form ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁is ▁located ▁just ▁outside ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁Ne um ark t ▁on ▁the ▁River ▁Ad ige . ▁The ▁listed ▁building ▁has ▁been ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁family ▁for ▁almost ▁ 2 5 0 ▁years ▁and ▁still ▁conve ys ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁the ▁noble ▁lifestyle ▁during ▁the ▁An ci en ▁R ég ime . ▁The ▁faç ade ▁of ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁is ▁simple ▁and ▁regular ▁in ▁design . ▁T win ▁flights ▁of ▁steps ▁lead ▁to ▁a ▁bar o que ▁entrance ▁with ▁a ▁distinctive ▁stone ▁frame ▁decorated ▁with ▁two ▁cher ub s ▁and ▁a ▁female ▁bust . ▁ ▁The ▁interior ▁bo asts ▁st ucc o ▁decor ation , ▁painted ▁wall paper ▁and ▁ceiling ▁paintings ▁dep ict ing ▁events ▁from ▁the ▁Old ▁Testament , ▁hunting ▁scenes ▁and ▁images ▁from ▁Greek ▁myth ology ▁including ▁the ▁ab du ction ▁of ▁Or ith y ia ▁by ▁B ore as . ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁high
▁relief ▁works ▁in ▁st ucc o ▁by ▁Franz ▁Hann ib al ▁B itt ner ▁and ▁fres cos ▁by ▁Gi ac omo ▁Antonio ▁Del ai . ▁In ▁the ▁man or ▁house ’ s ▁ball room , ▁there ▁are ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁eleven ▁ceiling ▁paintings , ▁the ▁largest ▁of ▁which ▁dep icts ▁the ▁G ig ant om ach y . ▁The ▁whole ▁of ▁this ▁ball room ▁features ▁evidence ▁of ▁the ▁Roc oco ▁period ▁in ▁Bass a ▁At es ina . ▁The ▁pal ais ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁magnificent ▁park ▁that ▁stret ches ▁from ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁to ▁the ▁forest ▁on ▁the ▁out sk irts ▁of ▁Ne um ark t . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁estate ▁goes ▁back ▁to ▁Johannes ▁Domin ik us ▁Long o , ▁who ▁was ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁ranks ▁of ▁the ▁nob ility ▁by ▁the ▁Ty ro lean ▁Arch du ke ▁Ferd inand ▁Charles ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 6 . ▁In ▁around ▁ 1 7 7 0 , ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁family ▁acquired ▁the ▁first ▁areas ▁of ▁land ▁that ▁are ▁now ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁current ▁wine ▁estate ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁and ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁in ▁Ne um ark t . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁the ▁estate ▁in ▁Ne um ark t ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁places ▁where ▁the ▁family ▁res ided ▁alongside ▁In ns bru ck ▁and ▁Kl agen furt . ▁Felix ▁Fre i her
r ▁von ▁Long o - L ie ben stein ▁( 1 8 0 3 - 1 8 8 1 ) ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁estate ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 9 . ▁The ▁lawyer ▁was ▁also ▁president ▁of ▁both ▁the ▁Car inth ian ▁regional ▁parliament ▁and ▁the ▁District ▁Court ▁of ▁Kl agen furt . ▁ ▁His ▁son ▁Dr ▁Anton ▁Fre i her r ▁von ▁Long o - L ie ben stein ▁( 1 8 5 3 - 1 9 2 5 ), ▁a ▁fully ▁qualified ▁doctor ▁from ▁Kl agen furt , ▁moved ▁from ▁Kl agen furt ▁to ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 0 s , ▁where ▁he ▁took ▁on ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁wine ▁estate . ▁As ▁well ▁as ▁his ▁agricultural ▁work , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁municipal ▁coun c ill or ▁in ▁Ne um ark t ▁and ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ty ro lean ▁regional ▁parliament . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁Bren nero ▁Railway ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁and ▁the ▁Val ▁P uster ia ▁railway ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 1 , ▁larger ▁quantities ▁of ▁wine ▁from ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁could ▁be ▁transport ed ▁greater ▁distances . ▁In ▁this ▁pione ering ▁period ▁of ▁the ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁wine ▁business , ▁during ▁which ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁wine ▁became ▁increasingly ▁well ▁known ▁beyond ▁the ▁state ▁borders , ▁Anton ▁Fre i her r ▁von ▁Long o - L ie ben stein ▁started ▁to ▁sell ▁wine ▁in ▁barrel s ▁and ▁bottles ▁from
▁the ▁streets ▁of ▁Kl agen furt ▁in ▁around ▁ 1 8 8 0 . ▁O wing ▁to ▁increasing ▁sales , ▁he ▁finally ▁opened ▁a ▁wine ▁inn . ▁This ▁was ▁in ▁operation ▁from ▁around ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁went ▁by ▁the ▁name ▁“ Long o ’ s ▁E igen bau ▁We inst ube ” ▁or ▁“ Long o ’ s ▁Ti rol er ▁E igen bau ▁We inst ube ”. ▁ ▁Single - var iet al ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁w ines ▁from ▁Ne um ark t ▁were ▁the ▁main ▁w ines ▁on ▁offer . ▁The ▁W els ch ries ling , ▁Neg r ara ▁T rent ina , ▁Ter ol de go , ▁Ross ara ▁T rent ina , ▁Er d be er tra ube ▁( st raw berry ▁gr ape ), ▁white ▁Sch i ava ▁and ▁Pin ot ▁No ir ▁varieties ▁were ▁particularly ▁popular . ▁The ▁business ▁also ▁sold ▁gr apes ▁from ▁the ▁Long o ▁estate . ▁The ▁prem ises ▁of ▁“ Long o ’ s ▁E igen bau ▁We inst ube ” ▁with ▁the ▁old ▁vault ▁and ▁inner ▁cour tyard ▁have ▁been ▁preserved ▁to ▁this ▁day . ▁The ▁historical ▁building ▁is ▁now ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁“ H of br ä u ▁zum ▁Lind w urm ” ▁inn . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁▁ ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁fell ▁to ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Italy ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 2
, ▁the ▁Italian ▁King ▁V itt orio ▁E man ue le ▁handed ▁over ▁the ▁government ▁to ▁the ▁Italian ▁fasc ists ▁under ▁Ben ito ▁M uss ol ini . ▁One ▁year ▁later , ▁Anton ▁Fre i her r ▁von ▁Long o - L ie ben stein ▁and ▁his ▁son ▁Felix ▁( 1 8 8 8 - 1 9 6 1 ) ▁had ▁to ▁leave ▁Eg na ▁for ▁Kl agen furt ▁because ▁of ▁an ▁exp ulsion ▁dec ree . ▁Felix ▁von ▁Long o - L ie ben stein ▁became ▁mayor [ 3 ] ▁of ▁the ▁municip ality ▁of ▁K rum pend orf ▁am ▁W ör ther see ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁He ▁performed ▁his ▁duty ▁as ▁mayor ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁that ▁the ▁family ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁move ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁in ▁Al to ▁Ad ige . ▁The ▁following ▁generations ▁supplied ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁gr ape ▁harvest ▁to ▁neighbour ing ▁wine - making ▁cooper atives . ▁The ▁traditional ▁single - var iet al ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁w ines ▁were ▁produced ▁exclusively ▁for ▁their ▁own ▁consumption ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁up ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁estate ▁today ▁ ▁Anton ▁von ▁Long o - L ie ben stein ▁acquired ▁the ▁estate ▁from ▁his ▁father ▁Felix ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁wine ▁cell ar ▁in ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Long o
▁was ▁re des igned ▁in ▁line ▁with ▁current ▁standards , ▁which ▁also ▁allowed ▁for ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁wine ▁production . ▁ ▁Today , ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁has ▁an ▁a cre age ▁of ▁over ▁ 1 5 ▁he ct ares ▁and ▁only ▁uses ▁gr apes ▁from ▁its ▁own ▁cultiv ation . ▁Anton ▁von ▁Long o - L ie ben stein ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Independent ▁W ine grow ers ▁of ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁and ▁the ▁Feder azione ▁Ital iana ▁V ign ai oli ▁Ind ip end enti ▁( FI VI ). ▁F IV I ▁is ▁the ▁association ▁of ▁independent ▁Italian ▁wine grow ers , ▁which ▁represents ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁its ▁ 6 0 0 ▁members ▁on ▁both ▁a ▁national ▁and ▁a ▁European ▁level . ▁ ▁W ine - making ▁ ▁Var iet al ▁pur ity ▁has ▁been ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁quality ▁criteria ▁for ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁Other ▁important ▁criteria ▁are ▁age ▁of ▁the ▁v ines , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁very ▁old , ▁int ensive ▁care ▁of ▁the ▁v ines ▁throughout ▁the ▁year ▁and ▁rig orous ▁inspection ▁of ▁the ▁gr apes ▁at ▁the ▁harvest . ▁The ▁cultiv ation ▁methods ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁traditional ▁and ▁conventional ▁principles ▁and ▁are ▁combined ▁with ▁biological ▁approaches . ▁ ▁The ▁fer ment ation ▁process ▁takes ▁place ▁in ▁open ▁wooden ▁tub s ▁and ▁stain less ▁steel ▁tanks . ▁The ▁wine ▁is ▁mature d ▁in ▁oak ▁and ▁ton ne au ▁barrel s ▁made ▁from
▁fine - p ored ▁French ▁oak ▁with ▁a ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 2 2 5 ▁or ▁ 5 0 0 ▁lit res . ▁ ▁Selection ▁of ▁w ines ▁▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁Pin ot ▁B ian co ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Gew ür z tr am iner ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Ch ardon n ay ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Pin ot ▁gr is ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Lag re in ▁Ris erv a ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Mer lot ▁Ris erv a ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Cab ern et ▁Sau v ign on ▁Ris erv a ▁ ▁P riz es ▁and ▁awards ▁▁ ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁at ▁Fal staff ▁ ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁at ▁Fal staff ▁We ingu ide ▁ 2 0 1 7 / 1 8 ▁ ▁Dec anter ▁Asia ▁W ine ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁Silver : ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁Pin ot ▁Bl anc ▁ ▁International er ▁PI WI ▁We in pre is ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁Groß es ▁Gold : ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁Sol aris ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁at ▁Independent ▁W ine grow ers ▁Of ▁South ▁Ty rol ▁ ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁South ▁Ty rol ▁Category : H ouses ▁in ▁Italy ▁Category : W iner ies ▁of ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁Harold ▁Bed oya ▁P izar ro ▁( De cember ▁ 3 0 ,
▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁in ▁Cal i , ▁Colombia ▁– ▁May ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁Hospital ▁Mil itar ▁de ▁Bog ota ) ▁was ▁a ▁general ▁and ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁National ▁Army . ▁Bed oya ▁also ▁ran ▁for ▁President ▁of ▁Colombia ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁elections . ▁ ▁Military ▁career ▁Bed oya ' s ▁military ▁training ▁began ▁at ▁the ▁Jose ▁Maria ▁C ó rd ova ▁Military ▁Academy ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁where ▁he ▁received ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁inf antry ▁second ▁lieutenant . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁he ▁attended ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas ▁and ▁trained ▁in ▁military ▁intelligence , ▁later ▁returning ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁as ▁a ▁guest ▁professor . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁S event h ▁Brigade , ▁Vill av ic enc io , ▁where ▁he ▁developed ▁the ▁plan ▁of ▁dis m ant ling ▁the ▁labor ator ies ▁and ▁er ad ication ▁of ▁ill icit ▁activities ▁by ▁the ▁Revolution ary ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁of ▁Colombia ▁() ( F AR C ). ▁Three ▁years ▁later ▁he ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Fourth ▁Brigade ▁in ▁Med ell ín , ▁Ant io qu ia , ▁where ▁he ▁participated ▁in ▁anti - n arc otic ▁operations ▁against ▁drug ▁king pin ▁P ablo ▁Esc ob ar . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Bed oya ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁position
▁of ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Super ior ▁Military ▁School ▁in ▁Bog ot á , ▁C und in amar ca . ▁The ▁following ▁year ▁he ▁was ▁again ▁promoted ▁to ▁deputy ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Nort he astern ▁Division , ▁a ▁position ▁he ▁held ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁before ▁being ▁finally ▁promoted ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁commander - in - ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁armed ▁forces , ▁where ▁he ▁replaced ▁Admiral ▁Hold an ▁Del g ado ; ▁he ▁held ▁that ▁position ▁for ▁one ▁year . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁Bed oya ▁was ▁forced ▁into ▁retirement ▁by ▁then ▁President ▁Ern esto ▁Sam per ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁unw illing ness ▁to ▁negoti ate ▁with ▁the ▁Revolution ary ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁of ▁Colombia ▁( F AR C ). ▁ ▁President ial ▁candid acies ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Bed oya ▁announced ▁his ▁candid acy ▁for ▁President ▁of ▁Colombia , ▁running ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁for ▁the ▁Force ▁Colombia ▁() ▁party ▁he ▁founded . ▁During ▁his ▁campaign ▁he ▁stressed ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁r idding ▁Colombia ▁of ▁drug ▁sm ug gl ers ▁and ▁stated ▁it ▁as ▁his ▁number ▁one ▁priority . ▁Bed oya ▁stated ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁agree ▁with ▁the ▁prior ▁removal ▁of ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁National ▁Army ▁from ▁F AR C - cont rolled ▁territory ▁and , ▁stated ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁negoti ate ▁with ▁them ▁until ▁their ▁" nar co - based ▁fin ances ▁have ▁been ▁squeezed ." ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 7 , ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁believed
▁to ▁be ▁an ▁attack ▁by ▁rebel ▁groups ▁to ▁dest abil ize ▁the ▁campaign , ▁five ▁bombs ▁det on ated ▁in ▁Bog ot á , ▁one ▁at ▁the ▁campaign ▁headquarters ▁of ▁Bed oya . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁voting ▁Bed oya ▁and ▁running ▁mate ▁Jorge ▁Gar cia ▁H urt ado ▁were ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁running ▁after ▁receiving ▁only ▁ 1 9 3 , 0 3 7 ▁votes , ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 . 8 2 %. ▁ ▁Conservative ▁Andr és ▁P astr ana ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁and , ▁facing ▁off ▁against ▁Liberal ▁Hor acio ▁Ser pa , ▁eventually ▁became ▁President ▁of ▁Colombia . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁elections , ▁Bed oya ▁once ▁again ▁participated ▁as ▁a ▁presidential ▁candidate ▁and ▁ran ▁against ▁Hor acio ▁Ser pa , ▁Luis ▁Edu ardo ▁Gar z ón , ▁No em í ▁San ín , ▁Á l var o ▁U ribe ▁and ▁ Í ng rid ▁Bet anc ourt . ▁Bet anc ourt ▁would ▁later ▁be ▁kidn apped ▁by ▁F AR C ▁reb els ▁during ▁the ▁election ▁season . ▁Bed oya ' s ▁Force ▁Colombia ▁obtained ▁ 5 0 , 7 6 3 ▁votes , ▁ 0 . 4 5 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁total . ▁Á l var o ▁U ribe ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁election , ▁representing ▁the ▁Colombia ▁First ▁political ▁party . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁ ▁Human ▁rights ▁General ▁Bed oya ▁was ▁critic ized ▁during ▁the ▁later ▁years ▁of ▁his ▁military ▁career
▁for ▁his ▁past ▁attendance ▁at ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas , ▁as ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁its ▁gradu ates ▁have ▁committed ▁human ▁rights ▁viol ations . ▁Bed oya ▁was ▁also ▁accused ▁of ▁toler ating , ▁working ▁with ▁or ▁doing ▁little ▁to ▁combat ▁param il itary ▁groups . ▁ ▁B IN CI ▁and ▁Tri ple ▁A ▁ ▁Bed oya ' s ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Bat all ón ▁Ú nico ▁de ▁Intel ig encia ▁y ▁Con tr aint el ig encia ▁() ▁( BIN CI ) ▁of ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁National ▁Army ▁has ▁been ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁activities ▁of ▁the ▁Ant ic om mun ist ▁American ▁Alliance ▁() ▁( AA A ). ▁The ▁B IN CI , ▁acting ▁as ▁A AA , ▁has ▁been ▁accused ▁of ▁carrying ▁out ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁bomb ings ▁against ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁Communist ▁Party ' s ▁Head quarters ▁and ▁its ▁newspaper ▁V oz ▁Pro let aria . ▁The ▁A AA ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁accused ▁of ▁engaging ▁in ▁other ▁kidn appings , ▁bomb ings ▁and ▁assass inations ▁against ▁left ist ▁targets ▁and ▁ab uses ▁of ▁gu err illa ▁det aine es ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁. ▁ ▁Then - L ie utenant ▁Colonel ▁Bed oya ▁was ▁mentioned ▁in ▁an ▁open ▁letter ▁published ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁by ▁the ▁Mexican ▁newspaper ▁El ▁D ía , ▁in ▁which ▁five ▁individuals ▁identified ▁as ▁former ▁Colomb ian ▁military ▁detail ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁activities ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁B IN CI ▁personnel ▁operating ▁as ▁Tri
ple ▁A . ▁According ▁to ▁them , ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Harold ▁Bed oya , ▁the ▁commander ▁of ▁B IN CI , ▁would ▁have ▁given ▁orders ▁to ▁the ▁personnel ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁bomb ing ▁of ▁V oz ▁Pro let aria . ▁ ▁Legal ▁actions ▁against ▁critics ▁Bed oya ▁was ▁critic ized ▁for ▁filing ▁sl ander ▁charges ▁against ▁Father ▁J avier ▁G iral do , ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Inter con greg ational ▁Commission ▁for ▁Justice ▁and ▁Peace ▁( ). ▁Human ▁Rights ▁groups ▁such ▁as ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Watch ▁and ▁the ▁Organization ▁of ▁American ▁Studies ▁called ▁these ▁sl ander ▁suits ▁a ▁measure ▁intended ▁to ▁silence ▁critics . ▁ ▁Death ▁Bed oya ▁P izar ro ▁died ▁at ▁a ▁military ▁clinic ▁in ▁Bog ot á ▁from ▁l ym ph oma ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 7 8 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Colomb ian ▁Ar med ▁Conf lict ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Kid n appings ▁in ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Military ▁of ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Param il itar ism ▁in ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Politics ▁of ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Revolution ary ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁of ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Cal i ▁Category : National ▁Army ▁of ▁Colombia ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁gener als <0x0A> </s> ▁Dies el ▁Only ▁Records ▁is ▁a ▁Brooklyn - based ▁country ▁music ▁record ▁label ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁by ▁musician - journal ist ▁Jeremy ▁T epper
, ▁then ▁also ▁the ▁lead ▁singer ▁of ▁the ▁World ▁F amous ▁Blue ▁J ays . ▁ ▁History ▁T epper , ▁along ▁with ▁Dies el ▁Only ' s ▁co found ers , ▁Jay ▁Sher man - God f rey ▁and ▁Albert ▁C ai ati , ▁originally ▁started ▁the ▁label ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁releasing ▁vin yl ▁ 4 5 s ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁ju ke boxes ▁at ▁truck ▁stops . ▁T epper ▁also ▁started ▁the ▁label ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁releasing ▁his ▁own ▁band ' s ▁albums , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁those ▁by ▁other ▁young ▁bands ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁The ▁first ▁non - vin yl ▁record ▁the ▁label ▁released ▁was ▁ 1 9 9 2 ' s ▁R ig ▁Rock ▁Ju ke box , ▁which ▁was ▁also ▁their ▁first ▁singles ▁compilation ▁album . ▁Also ▁that ▁year , ▁the ▁label ▁released ▁a ▁single ▁by ▁Mark ▁Br ine ▁entitled ▁" New ▁Blue ▁Y od el ," ▁which , ▁after ▁Br ine ▁sent ▁it ▁to ▁H ank ▁Snow , ▁landed ▁him ▁a ▁gig ▁at ▁the ▁Grand ▁O le ▁Op ry ▁that ▁July . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁Dies el ▁Only ▁had ▁released ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 ▁records ▁by ▁artists ▁from ▁all ▁across ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁label ▁did ▁not ▁become ▁well - known ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁when ▁its ▁third ▁singles ▁compilation ▁album , ▁" R ig ▁Rock ▁Del ux e ", ▁was ▁released , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁deal ▁with ▁Up start ▁Records
. ▁The ▁album ▁included ▁songs ▁by ▁Buck ▁O w ens , ▁Steve ▁E ar le , ▁and ▁Mart y ▁Stuart , ▁and ▁won ▁American a ▁Album ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Independent ▁Record ▁D istribut ors . ▁T epper ▁has ▁recalled ▁that ▁after ▁O w ens ▁agreed ▁to ▁contribute ▁“ Will ▁There ▁Be ▁Big ▁R igs ▁in ▁Heaven ?” ▁to ▁the ▁album , ▁they ▁merely ▁had ▁to ▁mention ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁signed ▁on ▁to ▁the ▁project , ▁after ▁which ▁" we ▁[ D ies el ▁Only ] ▁got ▁anybody ▁we ▁wanted ." ▁" R ig ▁Rock ▁Del ux e " ▁received ▁a ▁favor able ▁review ▁from ▁Bill board , ▁which ▁described ▁it ▁as ▁the ▁label ' s ▁best ▁compilation ▁yet . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Peter ▁Black stock ▁wrote ▁in ▁No ▁Dep ression ▁that ▁through ▁his ▁work ▁with ▁Dies el ▁Only , ▁" J er emy ▁T epper ▁has ▁established ▁himself ▁as ▁a ▁unique ▁and ▁ind isp ens able ▁c og ▁in ▁the ▁alt - country ▁underground ." ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁T epper ▁married ▁fellow ▁musician ▁Laura ▁Cant rell . ▁The ▁label ▁first ▁diver ged ▁from ▁its ▁pattern ▁of ▁releasing ▁comp il ations ▁of ▁truck er ▁music ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁when ▁it ▁released ▁Cant rell ' s ▁debut ▁album , ▁Not ▁the ▁T rem bl in ' ▁Kind . ▁Cant rell ▁and ▁T epper ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁co - owners ▁and ▁co - oper ators ▁of ▁Dies el
▁Only . ▁Cant rell ▁has ▁released ▁all ▁but ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁albums ▁on ▁Dies el ▁Only ▁( as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 ). ▁ ▁Art ists ▁Art ists ▁who ▁have ▁released ▁albums ▁on ▁Dies el ▁Only ▁include , ▁but ▁are ▁not ▁limited ▁to : ▁Dale ▁Watson ▁World ▁F amous ▁Blue ▁J ays ▁Amy ▁All ison ▁Laura ▁Cant rell ▁Will ▁R ig by ▁Tam my ▁F aye ▁St arl ite ▁We en ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Record ▁labels ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Category : American ▁country ▁music ▁record ▁labels ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁Japanese ▁y aku za ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Ke i ichi ▁Oz awa . ▁The ▁revenge ▁story ▁of ▁a ▁man ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁of ▁a ▁y aku za ▁who ▁was ▁bet rayed ▁by ▁his ▁uncle ▁and ▁his ▁brother . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁T ets uy a ▁Wat ari ▁as ▁Tak im ura ▁Sh u ji ▁ ▁Y osh io ▁Har ada ▁as ▁G ō da ▁Se ij ir ō ▁ ▁Mas aya ▁O ki ▁as ▁Tak im ura ▁H iro sh i ▁ ▁R yo he i ▁U ch ida ▁as ▁S aa ek i ▁Ak ira ▁ ▁K ō ji ▁N an bara ▁as ▁A be ▁Ts une h isa ▁ ▁Ken ji ▁I ma i ▁as ▁Ok awa ▁Ter uo ▁ ▁M its uk o ▁O ka ▁as ▁T ach ib ana ▁Y
uki ▁ ▁Har umi ▁S one ▁as ▁K ish im oto ▁ ▁Sh ō se i ▁Mut ō ▁as ▁Mor ik awa ▁ ▁Y osh iro ▁A oki ▁as ▁Shir ato ▁ ▁H iro sh i ▁M iz uh ara ▁as ▁Han ai ▁ ▁The ▁M ops ▁as ▁ ▁Band ▁Group ▁ ▁Mich itar ō ▁M iz ush ima ▁as ▁T ach ib ana ▁Sh ige z ab ur ō ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : J apan ese ▁films ▁Category : N ikk ats u ▁films ▁Category : Y aku za ▁films ▁Category : J apan ese ▁crime ▁films ▁Category : J apan ese - language ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Indones ian ▁Basket ball ▁League ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁pre em inent ▁men ' s ▁professional ▁basketball ▁league ▁in ▁Indonesia , ▁founded ▁by ▁Indones ian ▁Basket ball ▁Association ▁( PP ▁Per bas i ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁it ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁National ▁Basket ball ▁League ▁( N BL ) ▁and ▁organ ised ▁by ▁D BL ▁Indonesia . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁PT ▁B ola ▁Basket ▁Indonesia ▁acquired ▁Starting ▁ 5 ▁and ▁after ▁that ▁PT ▁B ola ▁Basket ▁Indonesia ▁assigned ▁by ▁PP ▁Per bas i ▁to ▁organized ▁the ▁league . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Basket ball ▁has ▁a ▁long ▁history ▁in ▁Indonesia . ▁Not ed ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁although ▁not ▁yet ▁officially ▁an ▁independent ▁country ,
▁several ▁cities ▁in ▁Indonesia ▁have ▁their ▁own ▁local ▁clubs . ▁ ▁Although ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁yet ▁have ▁a ▁national ▁sports ▁parent , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁holding ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁National ▁Sports ▁Week ▁held ▁in ▁S olo ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁basketball ▁had ▁become ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁sports ▁branches ▁that ▁was ▁cont ested ▁and ▁was ▁received ▁quite ▁l ively ▁both ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁participants ▁and ▁spect ators . ▁ ▁Three ▁years ▁after ▁that , ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁the ▁All - Ind ones ian ▁Basket ball ▁Association ▁was ▁born , ▁and ▁then ▁renamed ▁the ▁All - Ind ones ian ▁Basket ball ▁Association ▁( Per bas i ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁Following ▁the ▁results ▁of ▁the ▁VIII ▁Congress ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁Per bas i ▁finally ▁organ ised ▁a ▁competition ▁between ▁basketball ▁clubs ▁in ▁Indonesia ▁which ▁are ▁the ▁highest ▁competition ▁followed ▁by ▁big ▁clubs ▁from ▁the ▁islands ▁of ▁Sum atra , ▁Java , ▁Kal im ant an ▁and ▁Sul aw esi . ▁▁ 3 ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁date ▁for ▁the ▁basketball ▁world ▁in ▁Indonesia . ▁On ▁that ▁day , ▁the ▁match ▁between ▁the ▁Raj aw ali ▁Jak arta ▁club ▁against ▁the ▁Sin ar ▁S ury a ▁Y ogy ak arta ▁Spirit ▁marked ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Main ▁Basket ball ▁Compet ition ▁( K ob at ama ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁step ▁in ▁the ▁long ▁history ▁of ▁the
▁competition ▁of ▁top ▁clubs ▁in ▁Indonesia . ▁Jak arta ▁M uda ▁Indonesia ▁listed ▁themselves ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁club ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁prest igious ▁K ob at ama ▁Champion ▁title . ▁ ▁K ob at ama ▁as ▁an ▁amateur ▁basketball ▁competition ▁rolled ▁out ▁for ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁and ▁continued ▁until ▁it ▁stopped ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁Basket ball ▁League ▁( IB L ) ▁professional ▁competition ▁was ▁held ▁and ▁participated ▁by ▁ 1 0 ▁top ▁teams ▁in ▁Indonesia . ▁ ▁A sp ac ▁Jak arta ▁succeeded ▁in ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁title ▁winner ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Sat ria ▁M uda ▁emerged ▁as ▁a ▁new ▁force ▁to ▁get ▁rid ▁of ▁A sp ac ▁in ▁the ▁grand ▁final ▁and ▁to ▁appear ▁as ▁a ▁champion . ▁A sp ac ▁won ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁champion ▁again ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁The ▁following ▁years ▁( 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 0 9 ) ▁belonged ▁to ▁Sat ria ▁M uda ▁Jak arta . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁annual ▁regular ▁competition , ▁I BL ▁also ▁holds ▁an ▁I BL ▁Cup ▁Tour nament ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁or ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Sat ria ▁M uda ▁Jak arta ▁defeated ▁Pel ita ▁J aya ▁Jak arta ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁held ▁at ▁G OR ▁C - Tra ▁Arena ▁Band ung . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ,
▁Gar uda ▁Band ung ▁managed ▁to ▁steal ▁the ▁previous ▁I BL ▁Cup ▁Tour nament ▁title , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁also ▁belonged ▁to ▁Sat ria ▁M uda . ▁ ▁Unfortunately , ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁I BL ▁did ▁not ▁go ▁as ▁expected . ▁After ▁repeatedly ▁changing ▁promot ers , ▁the ▁league ▁threatened ▁to ▁dis band ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁All ▁participating ▁club ▁representatives ▁also ▁asked ▁PT ▁D BL ▁Indonesia ▁to ▁appear ▁as ▁manager . ▁Pre viously , ▁D BL ▁Indonesia ▁was ▁considered ▁successful ▁in ▁managing ▁the ▁Development ▁Basket ball ▁League ▁( DB L ), ▁the ▁largest ▁student ▁basketball ▁league ▁in ▁Indonesia , ▁which ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁had ▁expanded ▁to ▁ 2 1 ▁cities ▁in ▁Indonesia , ▁followed ▁by ▁around ▁ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁players ▁and ▁officials . ▁ ▁To ▁restore ▁the ▁prest ige ▁of ▁this ▁professional ▁league , ▁re - brand ing ▁is ▁inevitable . ▁Starting ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁I BL ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁National ▁Basket ball ▁League ▁( N BL ). ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁changes ▁were ▁made , ▁trying ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁matches ▁again , ▁bringing ▁the ▁league ▁closer ▁to ▁its ▁fans . ▁With ▁N BL , ▁Indonesia ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁new ▁hope , ▁a ▁new ▁spirit . ▁ ▁Former ▁clubs ▁▁ ▁St ap ac ▁Jak arta ▁( with d rew ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ) ▁C LS ▁Kn ights ▁Sur
ab aya ▁( with d rew ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 7 - 1 8 ▁season ▁but ▁still ▁play ▁for ▁representing ▁Indonesia ▁( as ▁C LS ▁Kn ights ▁Indonesia ) ▁in ▁the ▁A BL ▁through ▁ 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 ▁season ) ▁Stadium ▁Jak arta ▁( with d rew ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Champions ▁ ▁I BL ▁Champions ▁▁ ▁Ital ic ▁indicates ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁withd rew ▁or ▁no ▁longer ▁play . ▁ ▁N BL ▁Champions ▁▁ ▁Ital ic ▁indicates ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁withd rew ▁or ▁no ▁longer ▁play . ▁ ▁I BL ▁Champions ▁▁ ▁Ital ic ▁indicates ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁withd rew ▁or ▁no ▁longer ▁play . ▁ ▁W ins ▁by ▁Team ▁▁ ▁Ital ic ▁indicates ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁withd rew ▁or ▁no ▁longer ▁play . ▁ ▁D raft ▁▁ ▁Note ▁: ▁* ▁The ▁player ▁didn ' t ▁play ▁in ▁I BL ▁Se asons ▁ ▁Sc oring ▁Lead ers ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁M VP ▁Player ▁/ ▁Son ny ▁Hend raw an ▁Award ▁ ▁R ookie ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁▁ ▁Coach ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁ ▁Six th ▁Man ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁ ▁Def ensive ▁Player ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁▁ ▁Fin als ▁M VP ▁ ▁Most ▁Impro ved ▁Player ▁ ▁Foreign ▁Player ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁ ▁Sports mans hip ▁Award ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁N BL ▁Official ▁Site ▁▁ ▁The ▁site ▁of ▁Indones ian ▁Basket ball ▁ ▁I BL ▁Official ▁Blog ▁▁▁ ▁Basket ball ▁Indonesia <0x0A> </s> ▁Gust av s ▁Cel
mi ņ š ▁( Apr il ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁in ▁R iga ▁– ▁April ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ), ▁was ▁a ▁Lat v ian ▁politician , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁P ē r kon kr ust s ▁( Lat v ian ▁pron unci ation : ▁[ ˈ p æ ː r . ku ɔ n . kr ust s ], ▁" Th under ▁Cross "). ▁ ▁Biography ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁commerce ▁school ▁of ▁the ▁R iga ▁Stock ▁Exchange , ▁and ▁graduated ▁in ▁Moscow . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁he ▁began ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁R iga ▁Poly techn ical ▁Institute ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁evac uated ▁to ▁Moscow . ▁After ▁the ▁October ▁Revolution , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Lat via . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁en listed ▁into ▁the ▁newly ▁created ▁Lat v ian ▁Army , ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁lieutenant ▁the ▁following ▁year , ▁and ▁was ▁then ▁appointed ▁Lat v ian ▁military ▁attach é ▁in ▁Poland . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁L ā č pl ē sis . ▁ ▁Ret ired ▁from ▁army ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁he ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 7 . ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁became ▁the ▁secretary ▁of ▁Minister ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁Finance ▁Ministry

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