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▁increase ▁it ▁afterwards , ▁for ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁so ▁exhausted ▁by ▁their ▁previous ▁efforts ▁as ▁the ▁Cambridge ▁crew , ▁who ▁showed ▁unm ist ak able ▁signs ▁of ▁st al eness , ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁short ▁time ▁began ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁pieces . ▁There ▁was ▁clear ▁water ▁between ▁the ▁boats ▁after ▁a ▁mile ▁and ▁a ▁quarter ▁had ▁been ▁row ed , ▁and ▁here ▁Stuart ' s ▁sp urt ▁took ▁the ▁last ▁ ounce ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁men , ▁who ▁worked ▁with ▁great ▁determination , ▁but ▁were ▁no ▁longer ▁row ing ▁together . ▁The ▁result ▁was ▁that ▁when ▁the ▁strain ▁came ▁the ▁crew ▁dis integr ated , ▁but ▁they ▁never ▁stopped ▁sh oving ▁till ▁the ▁flag ▁fell . ▁The ▁Belg ians ▁won ▁by ▁a ▁length ▁and ▁a ▁third . ▁This ▁race ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁row ing ▁heat ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁British ▁boat ▁was ▁defeated ▁by ▁a ▁visiting ▁nation . ▁In ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁three ▁events , ▁the ▁two ▁British ▁boats ▁won ▁both ▁sem if inals . ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁The ▁final ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁Friday , ▁July ▁ 3 1 . ▁ ▁Final : ▁ 3 . 1 5 ▁p . m . ▁The ▁Belg ians ▁started ▁at ▁their ▁full ▁pace ▁and ▁perfectly ▁together , ▁row ing ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 3 , ▁and ▁ 4 3 . ▁Le ander , ▁showing ▁beautiful ▁precision ▁and ▁great ▁power , ▁went ▁off ▁at ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 2 , ▁and ▁ 4 2 . ▁Only , ▁however , ▁by ▁about ▁six ▁inches |
▁did ▁the ▁English ▁crew ▁keep ▁ahead ▁until ▁they ▁had ▁passed ▁the ▁island , ▁up ▁which ▁both ▁e ights ▁went ▁at ▁a ▁tremendous ▁pace ▁and ▁nearly ▁dead ▁level . ▁But ▁Le ander ▁were ▁gaining ▁about ▁an ▁inch ▁at ▁every ▁stroke , ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁first ▁signal ▁they ▁had ▁half ▁a ▁length ▁in ▁hand . ▁The ▁Belg ians ▁sp urt ed ▁suddenly ▁at ▁about ▁half ▁a ▁mile ▁from ▁the ▁start , ▁but ▁Le ander ▁answered ▁them ▁at ▁once ▁in ▁no ▁uncertain ▁fashion , ▁and ▁Henry ▁Buck n all ' s ▁tim ely ▁quick en ▁brought ▁his ▁men ▁three - quarters ▁of ▁a ▁length ▁ahead ▁at ▁halfway , ▁which ▁the ▁leaders ▁passed ▁in ▁ 3 : 3 4 . ▁Once ▁more ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁stroke ▁made ▁a ▁great ▁effort , ▁and ▁his ▁men ▁responded ▁gam ely , ▁but ▁it ▁took ▁too ▁much ▁out ▁of ▁them . ▁They ▁had ▁fal tered ▁once ▁before , ▁and ▁recovered ▁themselves ▁with ▁the ▁greatest ▁courage . ▁This ▁time ▁they ▁rolled ▁badly , ▁and ▁for ▁a ▁moment ▁seemed ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁pieces . ▁Like ▁a ▁flash ▁the ▁English ▁crew ▁went ▁away ▁from ▁them , ▁and , ▁with ▁a ▁quarter ▁of ▁a ▁length ▁clear ▁water ▁between ▁the ▁boats . ▁The ▁Belg ians ▁sp urt ed ▁again ▁and ▁again ▁as ▁they ▁ne ared ▁the ▁grand ▁stand , ▁but ▁human ▁nature ▁could ▁do ▁no ▁more . ▁Le ander ▁pulled ▁away ▁again , ▁eventually ▁winning ▁by ▁two ▁lengths ▁in ▁a ▁time ▁of ▁ 7 ▁min . ▁ 5 2 ▁sec . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁S |
ources ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Men ' s ▁co x ed ▁ 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁S oda ▁Springs ▁is ▁an ▁un inc or por ated ▁community ▁in ▁Mend oc ino ▁County , ▁California . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁California ▁Western ▁Rail road ▁near ▁Bur beck ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁Will its , ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 7 4 1 ▁feet ▁( 2 2 6 ▁m ). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Un inc or por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Un inc or por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Mend oc ino ▁County , ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁Robert ▁Con rad ▁" B ob " ▁Kh ay at ▁( born ▁April ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁Ch ancell or ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mississippi . ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁Kh ay at , ▁a ▁former ▁student ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mississippi , ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁Ch ancell or ▁of ▁the ▁university ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Student ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁there . ▁He ▁has ▁B . A . ▁and ▁J . D . ▁degrees ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁and ▁a ▁LL . M . ▁degree ▁from ▁Yale ▁University . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁M oss ▁Point , ▁Mississippi . ▁His ▁brother ▁is ▁Ed ▁Kh ay at , ▁former ▁NFL ▁defensive ▁lin eman ▁and ▁Philadelphia ▁E agles ▁head ▁coach . ▁ ▁Professional ▁football ▁career ▁ ▁Kh ay at ▁played ▁American ▁football ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League |
▁from ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁D raft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁along ▁with ▁O le ▁Miss ▁team mates ▁Bobby ▁Franklin ▁and ▁Johnny ▁Brew er , ▁Kh ay at ▁never ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Brow ns . ▁He ▁was ▁pack aged ▁with ▁offensive ▁tackle ▁Fran ▁O ' B rien ▁in ▁an ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁trade ▁with ▁the ▁Washington ▁Red sk ins ▁for ▁running ▁back / place k icker ▁Sam ▁Baker . ▁Kh ay at ▁played ▁for ▁Washington ▁through ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁primarily ▁as ▁a ▁place k icker . ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁Pro ▁Bowl ▁as ▁a ▁ro ok ie ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁University ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁ch ancell or ▁ ▁In ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁acts ▁as ▁ch ancell or , ▁Dr . ▁Kh ay at ▁arranged ▁for ▁a ▁$ 5 . 4 ▁million ▁gift ▁from ▁Jim ▁and ▁Sally ▁Bark sd ale ▁to ▁establish ▁an ▁hon ors ▁college ▁at ▁the ▁university . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁with ▁en rollment ▁decl ining , ▁Ch ancell or ▁Kh ay at ▁retained ▁the ▁public ▁relations ▁firm , ▁Bur son - Mar steller , ▁to ▁conduct ▁a ▁survey ▁of ▁public ▁perception ▁— ▁including ▁university ▁symbols . ▁When ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁reported ▁on ▁the ▁review , ▁which ▁included ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁Flag ▁and ▁other ▁Old ▁South ▁symbols , ▁a ▁media ▁f ren zy ▁ens ued . ▁ ▁On ▁January |
▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Dr . ▁Kh ay at ▁announced ▁his ▁retirement ▁effective ▁June ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Dr . ▁Daniel ▁" Dan " ▁Jones ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Ch ancell or ▁Kh ay at ' s ▁mem oir , ▁The ▁Education ▁of ▁a ▁L if etime , ▁was ▁published ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Ch ancell ors ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁University ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁football ▁place k ick ers ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Leb an ese ▁descent ▁Category : Ch ancell ors ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁Category : E astern ▁Conference ▁Pro ▁Bowl ▁players ▁Category : O le ▁Miss ▁Reb els ▁athlet ic ▁directors ▁Category : O le ▁Miss ▁Reb els ▁football ▁players ▁Category : People ▁from ▁M oss ▁Point , ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁School ▁of ▁Law ▁al umn i ▁Category : W ashington ▁Red sk ins ▁players ▁Category : Y ale ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Play ers ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁from ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Writ ers ▁from ▁Mississippi <0x0A> </s> ▁Bo ize ▁( pr on ounced ▁Boys ) ▁was ▁a |
▁Canadian ▁heavy ▁metal ▁and ▁gl am ▁metal ▁band ▁based ▁in ▁Montreal , ▁Quebec . ▁The ▁band ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁in ▁L aval , ▁Quebec ▁when ▁vocal ist ▁Perry ▁Bl ain ey ▁responded ▁to ▁an ▁advertis ement ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁Montreal ▁Gaz ette ▁newspaper ▁by ▁bass ist ▁and ▁keyboard ist ▁St é ph ane ▁F ania ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁Robert ▁K ou rie . ▁Bo ize ▁was ▁associated ▁with ▁record ▁label ▁Aqu arius ▁Records ▁and ▁was ▁managed ▁by ▁Canadian ▁musician ▁star ▁and ▁recording ▁studio ▁owner ▁Bill ▁Hill , ▁under ▁his ▁music ▁production ▁company ▁and ▁management ▁agency ▁Bill ▁Hill ▁Produ ctions . ▁The ▁band ▁also ▁had ▁a ▁brief ▁association ▁with ▁South ▁American ▁heavy ▁metal ▁legend ▁Al v ac ast , ▁when ▁singer ▁Carlos ▁" Ch arly " ▁L ope z ▁joined ▁Bo ize ▁as ▁new ▁vocal ist ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁At ▁its ▁height , ▁Bo ize ▁head lined ▁fest ivals ▁around ▁Quebec ▁and ▁was ▁book ed ▁months ▁in ▁advance ▁to ▁perform ▁several ▁nights ▁in ▁a ▁row ▁at ▁local ▁Montreal ▁music ▁ven ues . ▁Its ▁music , ▁including ▁singles ▁In ▁Too ▁Deep ▁and ▁Get ▁a ▁Life , ▁was ▁a ▁st ap le ▁on ▁music ▁television ▁channels ▁Mus ique ▁Plus ▁and ▁Much Music ▁and ▁Montreal ' s ▁top ▁rock ▁radio ▁station ▁C HO M - FM . ▁The ▁band ▁members ▁of ▁Bo ize ▁also ▁founded ▁their ▁own ▁independent ▁music ▁publishing ▁company , ▁K link ▁Publishing , ▁and ▁their ▁own ▁record ▁label |
, ▁U - I li ot ▁Records , ▁through ▁which ▁they ▁market ed ▁the ▁band ' s ▁record ings ▁ ▁and ▁collected ▁ro y alties , ▁even ▁over ▁the ▁span ▁of ▁their ▁success ▁and ▁deal ings ▁with ▁major ▁record ▁labels . ▁Both ▁companies ▁are ▁still ▁active ▁to ▁this ▁day , ▁though ▁they ▁are ▁now ▁solely ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁founding ▁member ▁St é ph ane ▁F ania , ▁who ▁has ▁re - iss ued ▁Bo ize ' s ▁entire ▁catalog ▁digit ally ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁selection ▁of ▁previously ▁unre leased ▁material . ▁ ▁Bo ize ' s ▁momentum ▁ended ▁prem ature ly ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁following ▁a ▁heavy ▁rotation ▁of ▁vocal ists . ▁After ▁the ▁departure ▁of ▁original ▁singer ▁Perry ▁Bl ain ey ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁the ▁band ▁performed ▁with ▁three ▁different ▁vocal ists ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁nine ▁months ▁and ▁ultimately ▁decided ▁to ▁change ▁the ▁band ' s ▁name ▁to ▁Em iss ary . ▁Under ▁the ▁new ▁name , ▁the ▁band ' s ▁sound ▁changed ▁considerably ▁and ▁never ▁achieved ▁the ▁same ▁level ▁of ▁success . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Foundation ▁( 1 9 8 6 - 1 9 8 9 ) ▁Bo ize ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Flo yd ▁H are m ▁( R ober t ▁K ou rie ) ▁on ▁guitar ▁and ▁Z any ▁Sh ult z ▁( Ste ph ane ▁F ania ) ▁on ▁bass ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁They ▁had ▁been ▁making ▁music ▁together ▁since ▁ |
1 9 8 6 , ▁including ▁the ▁band ▁Un mark ed / Al ter - E go ▁from ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁to ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁and ▁Lead ing ▁Edge / St rike ▁Any where ▁from ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁to ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁material ▁written ▁with ▁Suz anne ▁M add en ▁as ▁vocal ist ▁in ▁Lead ing ▁Edge / St rike ▁Any where ▁would ▁ev olve ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁earliest ▁Bo ize ▁material ▁when ▁F y ia ▁Pow ers ▁( Per ry ▁Bl ain ey , ▁an ▁Oz zy ▁O sb our ne ▁type ) ▁joined ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁as ▁the ▁vocal ist . ▁They ▁recorded ▁their ▁first ▁" re he ars al ▁demo " ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁and ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁year , ▁re - record ed ▁the ▁same ▁five ▁songs ▁at ▁Studio ▁Works ▁for ▁their ▁original ▁demo . ▁" The ▁Bug " ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁and ▁as ▁they ▁had ▁no ▁drum mer , ▁Steph ▁also ▁program med ▁a ▁drum ▁machine ▁while ▁recording ▁the ▁keyboard ▁parts . ▁After ▁shopping ▁around ▁the ▁demo , ▁they ▁landed ▁their ▁first ▁TV ▁interview ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁on ▁a ▁late ▁night ▁talk ▁show ▁Zone ▁Rou ge . ▁That ▁December , ▁Bo ize ▁were ▁scheduled ▁to ▁play ▁their ▁first ▁show ▁at ▁L ' Int ro ▁but ▁it ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁cancelled ▁because ▁they |
▁couldn ' t ▁find ▁a ▁drum mer ▁in ▁time . ▁ ▁Exp and ing ▁the ▁band ▁& ▁record ▁label ▁interest ▁( 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 9 1 ) ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Bo ize ▁posted ▁an ▁add ▁in ▁The ▁Gaz ette ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁drum mer . ▁After ▁some ▁aud itions , ▁Sie g fried ▁( Sc ott ▁Mac Donald ) ▁was ▁chosen ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁drum ▁machine . ▁A ▁month ▁later ▁Z or ba ▁( V ict or ▁An an ian ), ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁friend ▁of ▁Steph ▁joined ▁as ▁keyboard ist . ▁The ▁band ▁then ▁moved ▁its ▁jam ▁space ▁from ▁Bob ' s ▁basement ▁to ▁a ▁rehe ars al ▁room ▁at ▁ 7 5 0 ▁Cre maz ie ▁O uest , ▁right ▁above ▁Tro phy ' s ▁Sports ▁Bar . ▁It ▁wasn ' t ▁long ▁before ▁they ▁played ▁their ▁first ▁show ▁with ▁this ▁line - up ▁at ▁L ' Int ro ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁However ▁Z or ba ▁couldn ' t ▁stay ▁in ▁the ▁band ▁and ▁left ▁later ▁that ▁month . ▁But ▁they ▁did ▁expand ▁to ▁a ▁second ▁guitar ist ▁with ▁Pas cal ▁Tra han ▁after ▁Perry ▁suggested ▁the ▁guitar ist ▁from ▁his ▁previous ▁band . ▁With ▁a ▁rhythm ▁guitar ist ▁for ▁their ▁conc erts , ▁this ▁line - up ▁played ▁their ▁second ▁show , ▁also ▁at ▁L ' Int ro , ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁with ▁nearly |
▁an ▁hour ▁and ▁a ▁half ' s ▁worth ▁of ▁original ▁material . ▁From ▁its ▁early ▁in ception , ▁the ▁band ▁refused ▁to ▁play ▁covers ▁and ▁stuck ▁to ▁only ▁playing ▁their ▁own ▁songs . ▁During ▁this ▁second ▁show , ▁they ▁announced ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁raising ▁money ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁record ▁their ▁first ▁full - length ▁album . ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁they ▁played ▁a ▁five - s ong ▁set ▁for ▁a ▁label ▁show case ▁at ▁the ▁Back stre et , ▁but ▁things ▁didn ' t ▁turn ▁out ▁in ▁their ▁favor . ▁Instead ▁the ▁band ▁signed ▁with ▁Im ag ination ▁Records ▁for ▁an ▁album ▁releasing ▁contract . ▁That ▁fall ▁Bo ize ▁began ▁recording ▁at ▁Cher ry ▁Studio ▁with ▁the ▁St ocol a ▁brothers ▁for ▁their ▁planned ▁first ▁album . ▁Meanwhile , ▁they ▁played ▁a ▁couple ▁more ▁shows , ▁one ▁at ▁Jackie ' s ▁Ca fe , ▁another ▁at ▁Wh is key ' s ▁and ▁several ▁at ▁Sam ' s ▁Rock ▁Bar . ▁In ▁September ▁they ▁moved ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁rehe ars al ▁space ▁on ▁Cre maz ie ▁because ▁the ▁noise ▁level ▁was ▁so ▁bad ▁and ▁temporarily ▁j ammed ▁back ▁in ▁Bob ' s ▁basement . ▁By ▁November ▁they ▁had ▁recorded ▁nine ▁songs , ▁but ▁the ▁label ' s ▁plans ▁had ▁changed ▁and ▁Bo ize ▁were ▁forced ▁to ▁legally ▁break ▁their ▁contract ▁with ▁them . ▁ ▁In ▁December , ▁Bo ize ▁was ▁book ed ▁to ▁play ▁all ▁the ▁holiday ▁shows ▁at ▁Sam ' s ▁Rock ▁Bar . ▁Starting ▁with ▁December ▁ 2 |
3 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁for ▁the ▁Christmas ▁show , ▁with ▁Bar fly ▁and ▁then ▁the ▁ 3 0 th ▁and ▁ 3 1 st , ▁the ▁first ▁again ▁with ▁Bar fly ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁with ▁Red ▁T ape , ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁year ▁celebration . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁Bo ize ▁asked ▁Pas cal ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁permanent ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁band , ▁but ▁he ▁was ▁already ▁working ▁on ▁his ▁own ▁new ▁band , ▁Les ▁Di ables ▁a ▁Qu atre , ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁beginning ▁to ▁do ▁full - time . ▁Now ▁as ▁a ▁four ▁piece , ▁Bo ize ▁found ▁a ▁new ▁rehe ars al ▁room ▁in ▁Sam ' s ▁Rock ▁Bar ' s ▁basement , ▁which ▁had ▁recently ▁been ▁divided ▁into ▁jam ▁spaces . ▁Bo ize ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁band ▁to ▁practice ▁there ▁and ▁would ▁really ▁make ▁a ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁venue ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁and ▁a ▁half . ▁The ▁new ▁year ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁filled ▁with ▁good ▁luck ▁as ▁they ▁were ▁quickly ▁picked ▁up ▁by ▁Bill ▁Hill ▁Produ ctions ▁in ▁mid ▁January ▁and ▁he ▁immediately ▁took ▁them ▁to ▁Morris ▁Ap el ba um ' s ▁Sil ent ▁Sound ▁Studio ▁to ▁re work ▁the ▁Cher ry ▁Studio ▁material . ▁There ▁they ▁did ▁some ▁vocal ▁re - d ub s ▁and ▁attempted ▁to ▁re - mix ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁poorly ▁recorded ▁material ▁but ▁it ▁wasn ' t ▁happening . ▁In ▁February ▁Bill ▁decided ▁to ▁try ▁at ▁a ▁different ▁studio ▁so ▁they ▁went ▁to ▁Frank ▁Mar |
ino ' s ▁Star base ▁Studio . ▁There ▁they ▁re - record ed ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁drums ▁and ▁gu it ars ▁and ▁also ▁recorded ▁a ▁t enth ▁song , ▁" In ▁Too ▁Deep ", ▁featuring ▁Kim ▁and ▁Dor ian ▁Sher wood . ▁Bill ▁insisted ▁that ▁Bo ize ▁record ▁this ▁new ▁song ▁because ▁he ▁intended ▁for ▁it ▁to ▁be ▁their ▁first ▁single , ▁with ▁a ▁plan ▁to ▁press ▁it ▁on ▁max i ▁CD ▁singles , ▁make ▁a ▁video ▁for ▁it ▁and ▁ship ▁it ▁off ▁to ▁the ▁TV ▁and ▁radio ▁stations . ▁With ▁some ▁newly ▁recorded ▁and ▁pol ished ▁up ▁material , ▁the ▁immediate ▁plan ▁to ▁release ▁the ▁full - length ▁was ▁dropped ▁and ▁instead , ▁four ▁songs ▁were ▁selected ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁on ▁a ▁prom o ▁tape , ▁titled ▁" I ' ll ▁Still ▁Love ▁You ", ▁to ▁send ▁to ▁the ▁maj ors . ▁When ▁the ▁prom o ▁tape ▁came ▁out ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁promotion ▁started ▁for ▁Bo ize ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁invited ▁to ▁be ▁interviewed ▁by ▁T oot all ▁on ▁C HO M - FM ' s ▁hit ▁show ▁" M ade ▁in ▁Canada " ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁During ▁the ▁interview , ▁T oot all ▁played ▁three ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁prom o ▁tape . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁Bo ize ▁founded ▁their ▁own ▁publishing ▁company , ▁K link ▁Publishing . ▁ ▁The ▁classic ▁line - up ▁& ▁mainstream ▁appeal |
▁( 1 9 9 1 - 1 9 9 2 ) ▁Bo ize ▁would ▁play ▁their ▁next ▁show ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 8 ▁at ▁Sam ' s ▁Rock ▁Bar ▁where ▁they ▁met ▁a ▁new ▁fan , ▁Steve ▁B ahr ▁( Ste ve ▁Ber ger ▁a ka ▁Min ou ), ▁who ▁would ▁show ▁immediate ▁interest ▁in ▁becoming ▁their ▁new ▁rhythm ▁guitar ▁player . ▁It ▁would ▁take ▁the ▁band ▁a ▁few ▁more ▁shows ▁and ▁practices ▁before ▁being ▁convinced ▁that ▁a ▁second ▁guitar ▁player ▁was ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁go . ▁Steve ▁officially ▁joined ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁With ▁dual ▁guitar ists , ▁Bo ize ▁started ▁writing ▁heav ier ▁material ▁and ▁quickly ▁gained ▁a ▁reputation ▁as ▁a ▁local ▁attraction ▁in ▁the ▁clubs ▁and ▁their ▁following ▁was ▁growing ▁stead ily . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Bill ▁Hill ▁and ▁his ▁assistant ▁Gar field ▁Lamb ▁offered ▁Bo ize ▁a ▁recording ▁deal ▁for ▁an ▁EP ▁which ▁would ▁come ▁to ▁life ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 - 1 9 9 2 ▁winter . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Bo ize ▁entered ▁Mot - t el ▁Studio ▁to ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁fifth ▁time . ▁The ▁self - t itled ▁Bo ize ▁EP ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁their ▁own ▁record ▁label , ▁U - I li ot ▁Records , ▁published ▁through ▁K link ▁Publishing ▁and ▁was ▁their ▁first ▁nation ally ▁distributed ▁release . ▁The ▁promot ional ▁package ▁included ▁ 5 0 0 0 ▁c ass ette ▁t apes , ▁ 5 |
0 0 ▁CD s , ▁ 5 0 0 0 ▁post ers ▁and ▁several ▁hundred ▁T - sh irts , ▁h ats ▁and ▁stick ers . ▁Bo ize ▁also ▁fil med ▁a ▁music ▁video ▁for ▁" Get ▁a ▁Life " ▁at ▁the ▁Back stre et , ▁one ▁of ▁their ▁most ▁frequently ▁played ▁venue . ▁For ▁this , ▁the ▁club ▁was ▁opened ▁on ▁a ▁usually ▁closed ▁Tuesday ▁night ▁and ▁filled ▁to ▁maximum ▁capacity . ▁They ▁hired ▁Martin ▁T angu ay ▁and ▁Andy ▁Mol ition ▁to ▁direct ▁and ▁edit ▁the ▁short ▁film . ▁Additionally , ▁they ▁hired ▁Jud ith ▁C ez ar ▁and ▁Keith ▁Marshall ▁for ▁a ▁full ▁shooting ▁of ▁promot ional ▁pictures , ▁some ▁would ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁EP ▁book let , ▁another ▁for ▁their ▁poster ▁and ▁some ▁for ▁press ▁k its . ▁ ▁The ▁EP ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁with ▁a ▁huge ▁party ▁at ▁Sam ' s ▁Rock ▁Bar ▁where ▁the ▁video ▁a ired ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁It ▁was ▁then ▁sent ▁to ▁Mus ique ▁Plus ▁and ▁Much Music ▁where ▁it ▁would ▁play ▁countless ▁times ▁during ▁the ▁year . ▁The ▁day ▁after ▁the ▁release ▁party , ▁Bo ize ▁were ▁invited ▁again ▁by ▁T oot all ▁on ▁C HO M - FM ' s ▁" M ade ▁in ▁Canada " ▁to ▁talk ▁about ▁their ▁new ▁release ▁and ▁four ▁of ▁the ▁five ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁EP ▁were ▁a ired ▁during ▁the ▁show . ▁C HO M ▁continued ▁playing ▁Bo ize ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁picked |
▁up ▁by ▁C K R K - FM ▁and ▁C IB L - FM ▁as ▁well . ▁In ▁early ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Scott ▁gave ▁an ▁exclusive ▁interview ▁to ▁M ick ▁C ody ▁for ▁his ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁publication ▁of ▁A ce ▁Magazine , ▁which ▁also ▁featured ▁an ▁album ▁review ▁The ▁May ▁ 2 8 th ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁issue ▁of ▁Montreal ▁Mir ror ▁magazine ▁had ▁a ▁write - up ▁on ▁the ▁band ' s ▁new ▁EP , ▁written ▁by ▁none ▁other ▁than ▁Jenny ▁Ross ▁in ▁her ▁column ▁" Not es ▁From ▁Under ground ". ▁With ▁all ▁this ▁h ype , ▁the ▁band ▁needed ▁more ▁space ▁and ▁moved ▁their ▁jam ▁room ▁to ▁ 5 9 8 0 ▁Met ropolitan ▁East , ▁above ▁a ▁cer amic ▁store . ▁This ▁new ▁rehe ars al ▁space ▁allowed ▁the ▁band ▁to ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁mini ▁recording ▁studio ▁where ▁they ▁could ▁track ▁their ▁progress . ▁On ▁May ▁ 3 0 ▁Bo ize ▁played ▁with ▁National ▁Vel vet ▁at ▁the ▁Back stre et ▁and ▁from ▁then ▁on , ▁national ▁distribution ▁deals ▁started ▁being ▁offered ▁( including ▁a ▁serious ▁offer ▁from ▁Aqu arius ▁Records ). ▁Bo ize ▁was ▁becoming ▁a ▁st ap le ▁name ▁in ▁Canadian ▁heavy ▁metal ▁and ▁were ▁book ed ▁almost ▁constantly ▁all ▁around ▁Montreal ▁clubs . ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 5 ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Bo ize ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁head line ▁the ▁Mont mag ny ▁Festival ▁( Ex position ▁Reg ionale ▁de |
▁Mont mag ny ) ▁on ▁its ▁last ▁two ▁dates ▁of ▁the ▁week - long ▁festival . ▁To ▁promote ▁the ▁band ' s ▁coming , ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁restaurants ▁printed ▁their ▁men us ▁with ▁the ▁band ' s ▁picture ▁and ▁the ▁show ▁dates . ▁Whatever ▁was ▁left ▁of ▁the ▁merch and ise ▁pressed ▁for ▁the ▁EP ▁was ▁sold ▁out ▁during ▁those ▁two ▁shows . ▁ ▁After ▁head lin ing ▁the ▁festival , ▁Aqu arius ▁Records ▁was ▁even ▁more ▁anxious ▁to ▁sign ▁the ▁band ▁and ▁attempted ▁to ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁meeting ▁in ▁late ▁September . ▁During ▁September , ▁the ▁band ▁would ▁again ▁move ▁their ▁jam ming ▁space ▁to ▁ 5 6 7 8 ▁J arry ▁East , ▁this ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁strip ▁m all ▁where ▁they ▁would ▁remain ▁until ▁the ▁end . ▁Bo ize ▁would ▁book ▁a ▁handful ▁of ▁shows ▁through ▁September ▁and ▁October , ▁starting ▁with ▁Bar ▁Che z ▁Sw ann ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 2 , ▁a ▁three - day ▁head line ▁at ▁Sam ' s ▁Rock ▁Bar ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 7 ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 , ▁plus ▁another ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 6 , ▁the ▁Back stre et ▁again ▁on ▁October ▁ 3 ▁and ▁more ▁offers ▁coming ▁in . ▁Unfortunately , ▁Perry ▁announced ▁his ▁desire ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁band ▁after ▁the ▁show ▁at ▁Bar ▁Che z ▁Sw ann ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Sam ' s ▁Rock ▁Bar ▁shows ▁being ▁cancelled . ▁The ▁band ▁was ▁not ▁ready ▁to ▁give ▁up ▁and , ▁not ▁wanting ▁to ▁cancel ▁more ▁of |
▁the ▁shows ▁that ▁were ▁book ed , ▁placed ▁an ▁ad ▁in ▁the ▁Gaz ette ▁looking ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁vocal ist . ▁They ▁quickly ▁found ▁Carlos ▁" Ch arly " ▁L ope z ▁( a ▁Bruce ▁Dick inson ▁type ), ▁who ▁had ▁recently ▁moved ▁to ▁Montreal ▁from ▁U rugu ay . ▁Back ▁home , ▁Ch arly ▁was ▁famous ▁as ▁the ▁vocal ist ▁for ▁the ▁band ▁Al v ac ast , ▁who ▁were ▁the ▁South ▁American ▁equivalent ▁to ▁Iron ▁M aid en . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁to ▁celebrate ▁the ▁new ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁band , ▁Bo ize ▁went ▁to ▁play ▁a ▁cover ▁of ▁Iron ▁M aid en ' s ▁" Run ▁to ▁the ▁Hills " ▁at ▁local ▁club ▁Rock p ile . ▁The ▁fans ▁approved ▁right ▁away . ▁The ▁five ▁shows ▁that ▁were ▁book ed ▁for ▁that ▁October , ▁including ▁the ▁Back stre et , ▁F uz zy ' s ▁and ▁a ▁ 3 - night ▁st int ▁at ▁bar ▁L ' En fer ▁in ▁Sher bro oke , ▁were ▁a ▁huge ▁success . ▁Their ▁last ▁night ▁in ▁Sher bro oke , ▁the ▁crowd ▁che ered ▁so ▁loud ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁asked ▁to ▁play ▁their ▁entire ▁set ▁a ▁second ▁time ▁as ▁an ▁encore ▁until ▁ 3 ▁a . m . ▁when ▁the ▁bar ▁closed . ▁Bill ▁Hill ▁and ▁G ral f ▁Lamb ▁were ▁interested ▁in ▁getting ▁the ▁band ▁back ▁in ▁studio , ▁in ▁hope ▁to ▁final ize ▁the ▁Aqu arius ▁Records ▁deal . ▁Steph ▁had |
▁already ▁set ▁up ▁their ▁new ▁jam ▁space ▁on ▁J arry ▁with ▁their ▁mini ▁studio ▁and ▁began ▁recording ▁their ▁rehe ars als . ▁In ▁November ▁they ▁provided ▁Bill ▁with ▁a ▁tape ▁of ▁two ▁new ▁songs ▁they ▁had ▁written ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁self - t itled ▁EP ▁re - record ed ▁with ▁Ch arly ▁on ▁vocals , ▁all ▁recorded ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁rehe ars al . ▁On ▁December ▁ 5 , ▁Steve ▁left ▁the ▁band ▁to ▁go ▁live ▁in ▁Gas pes ie ▁and ▁get ▁married , ▁but ▁the ▁four ▁other ▁members ▁were ▁brought ▁back ▁to ▁Star base ▁Studio ▁to ▁do ▁over d ub s . ▁Bill ▁and ▁G ral f ▁used ▁the ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁D AT s ▁of ▁" In ▁Too ▁Deep " ▁and ▁had ▁Ch arly ▁sing ▁his ▁version ▁over ▁it . ▁Before ▁anything ▁could ▁be ▁done ▁with ▁the ▁new ▁record ings , ▁Al v ac ast ▁decided ▁to ▁get ▁back ▁together , ▁with ▁the ▁other ▁members ▁now ▁living ▁in ▁Montreal ▁as ▁well . ▁Ch arly ▁left ▁Bo ize ▁before ▁the ▁years ' ▁end . ▁ ▁The ▁decline ▁of ▁Bo ize ▁& ▁changing ▁name ▁to ▁Em iss ary ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁Steph , ▁Bob ▁and ▁Scott ▁decided ▁to ▁try ▁once ▁more ▁and ▁held ▁vocal ist ▁aud itions , ▁to ▁find ▁Ian ▁( a ▁Robert ▁Plant - sty led ▁sign er ▁who ▁also ▁played ▁ac oustic ▁twelve - string ▁guitar ). ▁He ▁seemed ▁a ▁perfect ▁match ▁to ▁complete ▁the ▁band ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁year , |
▁and ▁they ▁spent ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁months ▁re working ▁the ▁two ▁new ▁songs ▁that ▁were ▁written ▁with ▁Ch arly ▁and ▁write ▁a ▁few ▁new ▁ones . ▁To ▁show case ▁the ▁new ▁line - up , ▁Bo ize ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁play ▁a ▁benefit ▁concert ▁for ▁Claude ▁Mess ier ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁in ▁support ▁for ▁his ▁fight ▁against ▁mus cular ▁d yst onia . ▁Im medi ately ▁after ▁this ▁they ▁book ed ▁half ▁a ▁dozen ▁shows ▁for ▁their ▁first ▁tour , ▁which ▁would ▁have ▁taken ▁them ▁through ▁eastern ▁Quebec ▁during ▁mid - Apr il . ▁Ian ' s ▁leading ▁man ▁skills ▁were ▁completely ▁different ▁from ▁Perry ' s ▁or ▁Ch arly ' s ▁and ▁the ▁difference ▁became ▁apparent ▁at ▁their ▁next ▁concert ▁at ▁the ▁Back stre et ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 . ▁To ▁start ▁off ▁their ▁second ▁set , ▁Bo ize ▁asked ▁Ch arly , ▁who ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁audience ▁with ▁fellow ▁Al v ac ast ▁band mates , ▁to ▁join ▁them ▁on ▁stage ▁for ▁an ▁Iron ▁M aid en ▁cover . ▁The ▁crowd ▁went ▁wild ▁and ▁for ▁a ▁reason ▁or ▁another ▁Ian ▁didn ' t ▁come ▁back ▁on ▁stage ▁and ▁left ▁the ▁venue , ▁leaving ▁Ch arly ▁to ▁finish ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁show . ▁This ▁caused ▁serious ▁tension ▁within ▁the ▁band ▁and ▁resulted ▁in ▁Scott ▁qu itting ▁during ▁the ▁second ▁week ▁of ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁The ▁tour ▁was ▁so ▁close ▁to ▁happening ▁that ▁the ▁tickets ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁printed , ▁but |
▁it ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁cancel ed . ▁The ▁tri o ▁continued ▁jam ming ▁together ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁few ▁weeks ▁but ▁by ▁May , ▁Ian ' s ▁infl ated ▁ego ▁was ▁getting ▁to ▁be ▁too ▁much ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁kicked ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁band . ▁ ▁Det erm ined ▁to ▁continue ▁the ▁Bo ize ▁name , ▁Steph ▁and ▁Bob ▁recru ited ▁André ▁Ch an ▁who ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁also ▁playing ▁drums ▁for ▁Cin ema ▁Five / L ik wid . ▁This ▁tri o ▁had ▁a ▁few ▁rehe ars als , ▁but ▁things ▁weren ' t ▁the ▁same ▁and ▁Andre ▁left . ▁They ▁then ▁recru ited ▁Joe ▁Mor r one ▁to ▁play ▁drums , ▁a ▁local ▁musician ▁who ▁had ▁grown ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁area ▁of ▁Montreal ▁as ▁Steph . ▁Bo ize ▁were ▁still ▁book ed ▁for ▁a ▁show ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁at ▁Les ▁Ret rou va illes ▁and ▁asked ▁Ch arly ▁to ▁fill ▁in ▁again ▁for ▁that ▁night , ▁as ▁he ▁had ▁received ▁such ▁success ▁at ▁the ▁last ▁Back stre et ▁show . ▁Following ▁this ▁show , ▁Steph , ▁Bob ▁and ▁Joe ▁found ▁ex - S ar ok ▁Sar oya ▁singer ▁R je en ▁( X avier ▁B ri and , ▁an ▁El vis ▁Pres ley ▁type ) ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁The ▁last ▁Bo ize ▁songs ▁were ▁re has hed ▁with ▁completely ▁new ▁lyrics ▁that ▁fitted ▁R je en ' s ▁wide ▁vocal ▁range ▁and ▁before ▁the ▁month ▁was ▁over , ▁they ▁decided ▁to |
▁abandon ▁the ▁" Bo ize " ▁mon iker ▁and ▁go ▁under ▁" Em iss ary ". ▁The ▁songs ▁written ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁as ▁Bo ize ▁were ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁Em iss ary ▁EP ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁and ▁the ▁band ▁lasted ▁until ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁at ▁which ▁point ▁they ▁changed ▁name ▁to ▁" Break ing ▁V iolet " ▁and ▁stayed ▁active ▁until ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁Band ▁members ▁ ▁Final ▁line - up ▁ ▁Re je an ▁" X avier " ▁B ri and ▁( R je en ) ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals ▁( J une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Robert ▁K ou rie ▁( F loyd ▁H are m ) ▁– ▁lead ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁( Apr il ▁ 1 9 8 9 – J une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁St é ph ane ▁F ania ▁( Z any ▁Sh ult z ) ▁– ▁bass , ▁key boards , ▁drum ▁machine , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁( Apr il ▁ 1 9 8 9 – J une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Joe ▁Mor r one ▁– ▁drums ▁( Oct ober ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 3 – J une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Former ▁members ▁ ▁Perry ▁Bl ain ey ▁( F y ia ▁Pow ers ) ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals ▁( Apr il ▁ 1 9 8 9 – Se ptember ▁ |
1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Scott ▁Mac Donald ▁( S ieg fried ) ▁– ▁drums ▁( Jan uary ▁ 1 9 9 0 – Apr il ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Va he ▁" V ict or " ▁An an ian ▁( Z or ba ▁the ▁Greek ) ▁– ▁key boards ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 1 9 9 0 – Apr il ▁ 1 9 9 0 ) ▁ ▁Pas cal ▁Tra han ▁– ▁rhythm ▁guitar ▁( Apr il ▁ 1 9 9 0 – F ebru ary ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Steve ▁Ber ger ▁( Ste ve ▁B ahr ) ▁– ▁rhythm ▁guitar ▁( J uly ▁ 1 9 9 1 – De cember ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Carlos ▁" Ch arly " ▁L ope z ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals ▁( Se ptember ▁ 1 9 9 2 – De cember ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Pa olo ▁G att ola ▁– ▁rhythm ▁guitar ▁( De cember ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Ian ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals , ▁ac oustic ▁ 1 2 - string ▁guitar ▁( Jan uary ▁ 1 9 9 3 – May ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁André ▁Ch an ▁– ▁drums ▁( May ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Tim eline ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁The ▁Bug ▁( 1 9 8 9 ) ▁ ▁Prom o ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Bo ize |
▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁I ' ll ▁Still ▁Love ▁You ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Lost ▁T apes ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Bo ize ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Facebook ▁ ▁i T unes ▁ ▁CD b aby ▁ ▁Metal ▁Archives ▁ ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁heavy ▁metal ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Montreal ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁gl am ▁metal ▁musical ▁groups <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Malaysia ▁Cup ▁( Mal ay : ▁P ial a ▁Malaysia ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁was ▁the ▁ 8 4 th ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Malaysia ▁Cup . ▁The ▁competition ▁began ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁and ▁concluded ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁with ▁the ▁final , ▁held ▁at ▁National ▁Stadium , ▁B uk it ▁J al il . ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 6 ▁teams ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁competition . ▁The ▁teams ▁were ▁divided ▁into ▁ 4 ▁groups ▁of ▁ 4 ▁teams . ▁The ▁group ▁leaders ▁and ▁run ners - up ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁groups ▁after ▁ 6 ▁matches ▁qualified ▁to ▁the ▁quarter fin als . ▁ ▁Qual ifications ▁ ▁Only ▁ 1 6 ▁teams ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁edition |
▁of ▁the ▁Malaysia ▁Cup ; ▁ 1 2 ▁teams ▁from ▁Malaysia ▁Super ▁League ▁and ▁ 4 ▁teams ▁from ▁Malaysia ▁Premier ▁League . ▁The ▁teams ▁were :- ▁▁▁ ▁Malaysia ▁Super ▁League ▁▁▁ ▁Sel ang or ▁▁ ▁Kel ant an ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Ter eng gan u ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Joh or ▁FC ▁▁ ▁P BD K T ▁T - Team ▁FC ▁▁ ▁K ed ah ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Neg eri ▁Sem bil an ▁FA ▁▁ ▁P ah ang ▁FA ▁▁ ▁K L ▁PL US ▁FC ▁▁ ▁K ual a ▁L ump ur ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Per ak ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Per l is ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Malaysia ▁Premier ▁League ▁▁▁ ▁Fel da ▁United ▁FC ▁▁ ▁Sab ah ▁FA ▁▁ ▁PK NS ▁FC ▁▁ ▁AT M ▁FA ▁ ▁Group ▁stage ▁ ▁Group ▁A ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Group ▁B ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Group ▁C ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Group ▁D ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Kn ock out ▁stage ▁ ▁Br acket ▁▁ ▁A ggreg ate ▁ 2 – 2 . ▁Joh or ▁FC ▁won ▁on ▁away - go al ▁rules . ▁ ▁Quarter fin als ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Sem i - fin als ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁domestic ▁association ▁football ▁cups ▁Cup <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁is ▁a ▁San ▁Francisco ▁( Un ited ▁States ) ▁ind ie ▁rock ▁band . |
▁ ▁Their ▁debut ▁full ▁length ▁self - re leased ▁CD , ▁" St ars ▁For ▁Anyone ," ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁generally ▁positive ▁reviews , ▁eventually ▁reaching ▁No . 2 0 0 ▁on ▁the ▁College ▁Music ▁Journal ▁charts ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁began ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁with ▁a ▁line - up ▁of ▁Brian ▁G orm an ▁( of ▁T art uf i ) ▁on ▁drums , ▁Michael ▁Mus ika ▁on ▁guitar ▁and ▁vocals ▁and ▁David ▁Marc ▁Sie gel ▁( then ▁" David ▁Soph ia - S ie gel ") ▁on ▁bass ▁guitar ▁and ▁occasional ▁vocals . ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁joined ▁by ▁Pac o ▁Rom ane ▁on ▁bass , ▁after ▁which ▁time ▁Sie gel ▁moved ▁to ▁lead ▁guitar . ▁ ▁The ▁group ▁recorded ▁an ▁EP ▁and ▁played ▁around ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay ▁Area , ▁including ▁a ▁st int ▁as ▁the ▁house ▁band ▁for ▁the ▁K illing ▁My ▁L ob ster ▁sketch ▁comedy ▁show , ▁" Pop ! ", ▁before ▁Mus ika , ▁G orm an ▁and ▁Rom ane ▁left ▁the ▁band ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Sie gel ▁was ▁the ▁Mus ical ▁Director ▁for ▁the ▁K illing ▁My ▁L ob ster ▁sketch ▁comedy ▁show , ▁" The ▁Wonder ful ▁World ▁of ▁Science ." ▁He ▁put ▁together ▁a ▁band ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁which ▁included ▁piano ▁player ▁Jonathan ▁K ep ke |
. ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁show ' s ▁run ▁was ▁completed , ▁Sie gel ▁and ▁K ep ke ▁continued ▁playing ▁together , ▁with ▁K ep ke ▁on ▁bass ▁and ▁Sie gel ▁on ▁guitar ▁and ▁vocals . ▁ ▁Soon ▁there after ▁J . ▁Logan ▁Bar rier ▁was ▁added ▁on ▁drums ▁and ▁the ▁new ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁was ▁born . ▁ ▁As ide ▁from ▁their ▁work ▁with ▁the ▁group , ▁J . ▁Logan ▁Bar rier ▁is ▁a ▁fine ▁art ▁and ▁commercial ▁photographer , ▁Jonathan ▁K ep ke ▁is ▁an ▁audio ▁engineer ▁special izing ▁in ▁audio ▁for ▁film , ▁and ▁David ▁Sie gel ▁compos es ▁music ▁for ▁short ▁films ▁and ▁the atr ical ▁produ ctions . ▁ ▁The ▁group ' s ▁website ▁included ▁a ▁blog ▁run ▁by ▁the ▁group ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁photo - based ▁web com ics ▁written ▁by ▁Sie gel . ▁ ▁Band ▁members ▁ ▁Current ▁members ▁David ▁Marc ▁Sie gel ▁- ▁vocals , ▁guitar ▁Jonathan ▁K ep ke ▁- ▁bass ▁J . ▁Logan ▁Bar rier ▁- ▁drums ▁ ▁Former ▁members ▁Pac o ▁Rom ane ▁- ▁bass ▁Brian ▁G orm an ▁- ▁drums ▁Michael ▁Mus ika ▁- ▁guitar , ▁vocals ▁ ▁" St ars ▁For ▁Anyone " ▁ ▁With ▁Jonathan ▁K ep ke ' s ▁engineering ▁skills , ▁the ▁band ▁produced ▁and ▁engine ered ▁their ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁release , ▁" St ars ▁For ▁Anyone ," ▁to ▁which ▁the ▁press ▁responses ▁were ▁largely ▁positive . ▁ ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁featured ▁on ▁ ▁N PR ' s ▁Open ▁Mic ▁program ▁and ▁made ▁the |
▁On ion ' s ▁list ▁of ▁Wor st ▁Band ▁Names ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Press ▁ ▁" With ▁Stars ▁for ▁Anyone , ▁The ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁has ▁created ▁a ▁massive ▁album ▁that ▁sw erves ▁and ▁bo og ies ▁with ▁classic ▁rock ▁n ' ▁roll ▁rif fs ▁and ▁delight fully ▁qu ir ky ▁and ▁engaging ▁lyrics . ▁The ▁songs ▁overflow ▁with ▁ideas , ▁while ▁musical ▁pass ages ▁are ▁ju xt ap osed ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁that ▁suggests ▁the ▁g idd iness ▁of ▁a ▁band ▁like ▁Sp arks . ▁ ▁... [ David ▁Soph ia ▁Sie gel ▁is ] ▁a ▁reck less ▁lead ▁vocal ist ▁who ▁sh outs , ▁cro ons , ▁ple ads , ▁and ▁s ings ▁over ▁the ▁carefully ▁craft ed ▁music ▁with ▁such ▁emotion ▁that ▁you ▁can ' t ▁help ▁but ▁listen ▁to ▁what ▁he ' s ▁trying ▁to ▁say ." ▁- W ire t ap ▁Music ▁▁ ▁" Go , ▁be ▁rock ed ▁[ by ▁the ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ] ." ▁— R ud olph ▁D elson , ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁Paper ▁C uts ▁" L iving ▁With ▁Music " ▁Blog ▁▁ ▁" Kind ▁of ▁like ▁No ▁Dou bt ▁before ▁they ▁sold ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁records ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁doubt ▁their ▁sound . ▁No ▁( th ank fully ) ▁G wen ▁here , ▁but ▁perhaps ▁a ▁similar ▁sense ▁of ▁controlled ▁confusion ▁and ▁k inet ic ▁energy . ▁A ▁tight ▁three - piece ▁that ▁I ▁am ▁sure ▁deliver |
▁a ▁great ▁live ▁show ▁with ▁much ▁un predict ab len ess ." ▁- F red dy ▁J isp , ▁Left ▁H ip ▁Magazine ▁▁ ▁" Don ' t ▁worry ▁about ▁sending ▁money : ▁These ▁three ▁guys ▁have ▁all ▁the ▁bones ▁they ▁need . ▁They ▁make ▁a ▁plenty - no isy ▁punk - rock ▁r acket , ▁temper ed ▁by ▁humor ▁and ▁just ▁the ▁right ▁touch ▁of ▁mel ody .” ▁- E ast ▁Bay ▁Express ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁site ▁ ▁J . ▁Logan ▁Bar rier ' s ▁photography ▁site ▁ ▁David ▁Soph ia - S ie gel ' s ▁site ▁ ▁Category : Ind ie ▁rock ▁musical ▁groups ▁from ▁California ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁San ▁Francisco <0x0A> </s> ▁W ito on ▁M ing m oon ▁( born ▁ 1 0 ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Th ai ▁Olympic ▁weight lif ter . ▁He ▁represented ▁his ▁country ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Th ai ▁male ▁weight lif ters ▁Category : Weight lif ters ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁weight lif ters ▁of ▁Thailand ▁Category : World ▁Weight l ifting ▁Championships ▁medal ists ▁Category : S out heast ▁Asian ▁Games ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Thailand ▁Category : S out heast ▁Asian ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁weight l ifting |
▁Category : Comp et itors ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Sout heast ▁Asian ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁Jonathan ▁S . ▁We iss man ▁is ▁a ▁Professor ▁of ▁Cell ular ▁ ▁M ole cular ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁San ▁Francisco . ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁Howard ▁Hughes ▁Medical ▁Institute ▁( HH MI ) ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 0 ; ▁first , ▁as ▁an ▁Assistant ▁Invest igator ▁( 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 5 ) ▁and , ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁as ▁an ▁Invest igator . ▁ ▁Education ▁He ▁earned ▁his ▁B . A . ▁in ▁Phys ics ▁from ▁Harvard ▁College ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁and ▁his ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁Phys ics ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁from ▁MIT ▁working ▁with ▁Peter ▁Kim . ▁There , ▁he ▁started ▁his ▁studies ▁on ▁protein ▁fold ing ▁exam ining ▁B ov ine ▁p anc reat ic ▁try ps in ▁inhib itor ▁( BP TI ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁post do ctor al ▁fellow ▁at ▁Yale ▁University ▁( 1 9 9 3 - 1 9 9 6 ), ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁with ▁Arthur ▁Hor wich ▁studying ▁the ▁mechanism ▁of ▁Gro EL . ▁ ▁Career ▁We iss man ' s ▁research ▁team ▁studies ▁how ▁cells ▁ensure ▁that ▁prote ins ▁fold ▁into ▁their ▁correct ▁shape , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁protein ▁mis fold ing ▁in ▁disease ▁and ▁normal ▁phys i ology . ▁The ▁team ▁also ▁develop |
s ▁experimental ▁and ▁analyt ical ▁approaches ▁for ▁exploring ▁the ▁organiz ational ▁principles ▁of ▁biological ▁systems ▁and ▁glob ally ▁monitoring ▁protein ▁translation ▁through ▁rib os ome ▁prof iling . ▁A ▁broad ▁goal ▁of ▁his ▁work ▁is ▁to ▁bridge ▁large - scale ▁approaches ▁and ▁in ▁depth ▁mechan istic ▁investig ations ▁to ▁reveal ▁the ▁information ▁encoded ▁within ▁genom es .. ▁▁ ▁We iss man ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁U CS F ▁Academ ic ▁Bio ▁His ▁Howard ▁Hughes ▁Medical ▁Institute ▁bio ▁We iss man ▁Lab ▁website ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁bi oc hem ists ▁Category : How ard ▁Hughes ▁Medical ▁Invest ig ators ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁San ▁Francisco ▁faculty ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁National ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁Category : Har vard ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : Mass achusetts ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁M unc aster ▁is ▁a ▁civil ▁parish ▁in ▁the ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁Cop eland , ▁C umb ria , ▁England . ▁ ▁It ▁contains ▁ 1 4 ▁buildings ▁that ▁are ▁recorded ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Heritage ▁List ▁for ▁England . ▁ ▁Of ▁these , ▁two ▁are ▁listed ▁at ▁Grade I , ▁the ▁highest ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁grades , ▁one ▁is ▁at ▁Grade II *, |
▁the ▁middle ▁grade , ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁are ▁at ▁Grade II , ▁the ▁lowest ▁grade . ▁ ▁The ▁parish ▁contains ▁the ▁coastal ▁village ▁of ▁Rav eng lass ▁and ▁countryside ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁building ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁is ▁M unc aster ▁Castle ; ▁this ▁and ▁buildings ▁associated ▁with ▁it , ▁including ▁St ▁Michael ' s ▁Church ▁and ▁associated ▁structures , ▁are ▁listed . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁listed ▁buildings ▁are ▁houses , ▁farm h ouses , ▁farm ▁buildings , ▁and ▁a ▁war ▁memorial . ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁ ▁Key ▁ ▁Build ings ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁listed ▁buildings ▁in ▁C umb ria <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁L ak ota ▁myth ology , ▁Wi ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁powerful ▁spirits . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁solar ▁spirit , ▁and ▁is ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁American ▁B ison . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁W ó <0xC8> <0x9F> pe . ▁ ▁An og ▁I te ▁attempted ▁to ▁sed uce ▁Wi , ▁but ▁she ▁had ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁two ▁faces ▁changed ▁into ▁an ▁ugly ▁vis age ▁as ▁punishment . ▁ ▁His ▁wife ▁is ▁the ▁lun ar ▁god dess , ▁Han wi . ▁As ▁" W i " ▁refers ▁to ▁both ▁him ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁he ▁is ▁referred ▁as ▁An pet u ▁Wi ▁( Day time ▁Wi ), ▁while ▁his ▁wife ▁is ▁referred ▁as ▁Han he pi ▁Wi ▁( N ight time ▁Wi ) ▁to ▁different iate ▁the ▁two ▁de |
ities . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁solar ▁de ities ▁ ▁Category : L ak ota ▁spirit ▁beings ▁Category : S olar ▁gods ▁Category : L ak ota ▁culture <0x0A> </s> ▁Br at ków ▁Dol ny ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Z ad z im , ▁within ▁Pod d ę b ice ▁County , ▁Ł ód ź ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁central ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁north - east ▁of ▁Z ad z im , ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁Pod d ę b ice , ▁and ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Ł ód ź . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Pod d ę b ice ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁J il in ▁Township ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁town ship ▁under ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁J id ong ▁County ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁He il ong ji ang , ▁China . ▁, ▁it ▁has ▁ 6 ▁villages ▁under ▁its ▁administration . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : T own ship - level ▁divisions ▁of ▁He il ong ji ang ▁Category : J id ong ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ▁was ▁a ▁historic ▁mill ▁building ▁located ▁in ▁Cal ed onia , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁Built ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 6 , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁heritage ▁property ▁under ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Heritage ▁Act . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁tim ber - frame ▁water ▁powered ▁mill ▁along ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁in ▁Ontario . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 |
8 ▁the ▁mill ▁was ▁dis m ant led ▁by ▁Rivers ide ▁properties ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁being ▁re built ▁as ▁an ▁office ▁complex . ▁ ▁Location ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ▁was ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Heritage ▁Grand ▁River , ▁in ▁Cal ed onia , ▁Ontario ▁Canada . ▁ ▁History ▁No - one ▁has ▁pin point ed ▁an ▁actual ▁date ▁when ▁the ▁Old ▁Mill ▁was ▁built ▁other ▁than ▁to ▁say ▁it ▁was ▁about ▁ 1 8 4 6 . ▁From ▁then ▁to ▁ 1 8 9 2 , ▁it ▁would ▁seem ▁the ▁flour ▁mill ing ▁industry ▁in ▁Cal ed onia ▁was ▁big ▁business ▁but ▁not ▁without ▁competition ▁across ▁the ▁river ▁or ▁financial ▁difficulty . ▁Cal ed onia ▁founder ▁Ran ald ▁McK inn on ' s ▁mill ing ▁enter prises ▁on ▁the ▁North side ▁by ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁compr ised ▁a ▁saw mill , ▁flour ▁mill , ▁and ▁wo ollen ▁mill . ▁This ▁North side ▁area ▁of ▁mill ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁within ▁the ▁Village ▁of ▁One ida . ▁James ▁Little ' s ▁South side ▁mill ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁within ▁the ▁Village ▁of ▁S unn yside . ▁ ▁Do omed ▁by ▁fire ▁and ▁da unted ▁by ▁flood , ▁McK inn on ▁had ▁his ▁share ▁of ▁bad ▁luck ▁with ▁mill s . ▁His ▁saw mill , ▁many ▁times ▁damaged ▁by ▁ice ▁and ▁shifted ▁off ▁its ▁location ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁flood , ▁lasted ▁until ▁it ▁burned ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁The ▁ 1 |
8 4 4 ▁flour ▁mill ▁was ▁re built ▁twice ▁following ▁fires ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁and ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁and ▁remained ▁until ▁Sept . ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁when ▁fire ▁struck ▁again ▁for ▁the ▁last ▁time . ▁The ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁wo ollen ▁mill ▁burned ▁and ▁was ▁re built ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁but ▁was ▁left ▁down ▁after ▁claimed ▁ar son ▁took ▁it ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 1 , ▁two ▁years ▁following ▁McK inn on ' s ▁death . ▁The ▁South side ▁mill , ▁left ▁free ▁from ▁fire ▁and ▁flood , ▁with stood ▁and ▁still ▁remains ▁over ▁ 1 5 0 ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁Our ▁concentration ▁on ▁the ▁flour ▁mill s ▁only ▁is ▁where ▁the ▁claimed ▁big ▁mill ing ▁business ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁and ▁ 7 0 ' s ▁took ▁place . ▁Up ▁to ▁then ▁the ▁two ▁flour ▁mill s ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁presum ed ▁to ▁have ▁either ▁been ▁rent ed ▁or ▁managed ▁for ▁Little ▁and ▁McK inn on . ▁Daniel ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁was ▁in ▁partnership ▁with ▁McK inn on ▁in ▁the ▁North side ▁mill ▁from ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁to ▁ 1 8 6 9 . ▁This ▁partnership ▁came ▁to ▁a ▁close ▁and ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁and ▁James ▁Thor burn ▁bought ▁the ▁South side ▁mill ▁known ▁as ▁Bal m oral ▁M ills , ▁ren aming ▁it ▁Grand ▁River ▁M ills . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 3 ▁William ▁Mun |
ro ▁joined ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁and ▁Thor burn ▁to ▁buy ▁out ▁McK inn on ' s ▁flour ▁mill ing ▁business . ▁Thus , ▁the ▁tri o ▁had ▁the ▁successful ▁flour ▁business ▁in ▁Cal ed onia ▁all ▁to ▁themselves . ▁The ▁fire ▁that ▁required ▁re building ▁of ▁the ▁North side ▁mill ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁didn ' t ▁hold ▁them ▁back . ▁The ▁partnership ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁largest ▁deal ers ▁in ▁grain ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁H ald im and . ▁ ▁The ▁H ald im and ▁Atl as ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁also ▁states ▁they ▁were ▁turning ▁out ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁barrel s ▁weekly , ▁paying ▁out ▁in ▁cash ▁a ▁half ▁million ▁dollars ▁annually , ▁shipping ▁mostly ▁to ▁Montreal ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁sold ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁provin ces ▁of ▁Canada ▁and ▁Europe . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁they ▁shipped ▁ 6 0 0 0 ▁barrel s ▁direct ▁to ▁Glasgow , ▁Scotland . ▁Em ployment ▁to ▁about ▁ 4 0 ▁men ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁prosper ity ▁of ▁the ▁village . ▁ ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Dam ▁was ▁registered ▁to ▁them ▁under ▁a ▁" B arg ain ▁and ▁Sale " ▁from ▁the ▁H ald im and ▁Nav igation ▁Company ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 . ▁P urch asing ▁and ▁improvements ▁cost ▁$ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁which ▁allowed ▁them ▁to ▁furn ish ▁water ▁power ▁to ▁McK inn on ' s ▁Wo ollen ▁mill ▁and ▁a ▁pl aster ▁mill . ▁ ▁They |
▁were ▁anxious ▁to ▁secure ▁the ▁ere ction ▁of ▁some ▁other ▁manufacturing ▁establishment ▁to ▁which ▁they ▁ ▁would ▁furn ish ▁water ▁power ▁at ▁a ▁reasonable ▁rate . ▁Things ▁seemed ▁to ▁be ▁going ▁very ▁well ▁for ▁Mc Qu ar rie , ▁Thor burn , ▁and ▁Mun ro , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁at las . ▁ ▁But ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁the ▁golden ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁partnership ▁came ▁to ▁an ▁abrupt ▁halt ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁declared ▁bankrupt . ▁One ▁w onders ▁what ▁part ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁re building ▁of ▁the ▁North side ▁mill ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁financial ▁difficulty , ▁and ▁or ▁just ▁how ▁true ▁the ▁h ype ▁really ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁H ald im and ▁Atl as ▁account . ▁ ▁The ▁North side ▁mill ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁Robert ▁Shir ra . ▁ ▁Scott ▁Brothers ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁an ▁employee ▁of ▁Grand ▁River ▁M ills , ▁William ▁Scott , ▁a ▁younger ▁brother - in - law ▁of ▁Mun ro , ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁mill ing ▁of ▁flour ▁continue ▁at ▁the ▁South side ▁mill . ▁So ▁he ▁formed ▁a ▁partnership ▁called ▁Scott ▁Brothers ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁joined ▁by ▁his ▁brothers ▁Samuel ▁and ▁Hugh ▁and ▁his ▁brother - in - law ▁S ime on ▁He w itt , ▁a ▁lawyer , ▁of ▁Br ant ford . ▁ ▁Samuel ▁Scott ▁and ▁S ime on ▁He w itt ▁are ▁claimed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁financial ▁princip als . ▁Robert ▁Shir ra ▁paid ▁$ |
1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁und iv ided ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁rights ▁and ▁privile ges ▁in ▁the ▁dam , ▁Samuel ▁Scott ▁paid ▁$ 9 , 8 0 0 ▁for ▁an ▁und iv ided ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁rights ▁and ▁privile ges ▁in ▁the ▁dam . ▁An ▁agreement ▁of ▁January ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁stated ▁that ▁William ▁and ▁High ▁Scott , ▁and ▁Robert ▁Shir ra ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁parties ▁would ▁be ▁responsible ▁for ▁an ▁und iv ided ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁dam , ▁water ▁and ▁maintenance . ▁ ▁In ▁Feb . ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁a ▁declaration ▁of ▁trust ▁stated ▁that ▁Samuel , ▁William ▁and ▁Hugh ▁Scott ▁and ▁S ime on ▁He w itt ▁as ▁owners ▁in ▁equal ▁shares ▁of ▁Bal m oral ▁M ills ▁including ▁share ▁in ▁the ▁dam . ▁ ▁Samuel ▁Scott ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁and ▁in ▁time ▁William ▁became ▁convinced ▁that ▁their ▁mill ▁might ▁be ▁better ▁served ▁another ▁way . ▁He ▁can v ass ed ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁farmer ▁friends ▁and ▁customers ▁for ▁miles ▁around ▁Cal ed onia ▁persu ading ▁them ▁to ▁invest ▁in ▁shares ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁mill ing ▁firm . ▁There ▁were ▁successful ▁examples ▁in ▁other ▁mill ing ▁establish ments . ▁And ▁so ▁on ▁Feb ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁Limited ▁received ▁its ▁provincial ▁char ter ▁and ▁in ▁March , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁a ▁B arg ain ▁and ▁Sale ▁was ▁recorded : ▁" Will iam ▁Scot ▁and ▁wife ▁and |
▁Hugh ▁Scott ▁and ▁wife ▁to ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ing ▁Co . ▁Ltd . ▁Supp osed ▁flour ing ▁mill ▁and ▁an ▁und iv ided ▁interest ▁in ▁Dam ▁# 5 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁acres , ▁ 2 ▁ro od s , ▁ 9 ▁per ches ." ▁( A ▁ro od ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁part ▁of ▁an ▁a cre , ▁and ▁a ▁per ch ▁is ▁a ▁land ▁measure ▁of ▁ 5 ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁yards ). ▁ ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁Limited ▁ ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁( Lim ited ) ▁received ▁its ▁char ter ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁with ▁capital ▁stock ▁of ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 , ▁divided ▁into ▁ 5 0 0 ▁shares ▁of ▁$ 5 0 ▁each . ▁Each ▁share holder ▁was ▁to ▁pay ▁ 2 0 % ▁on ▁or ▁before ▁the ▁first ▁day ▁of ▁December ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁and ▁the ▁balance ▁at ▁six ▁percent ▁per ▁ann um ▁was ▁due ▁within ▁one ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁( Lim ited ) ▁would ▁be ▁taking ▁over ▁the ▁manufacturing ▁and ▁merchant ▁mill ing ▁business ▁of ▁the ▁firm ▁of ▁Scott ▁Brothers ▁of ▁the ▁Town ▁of ▁Cal ed onia ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁H ald im and . ▁Farm ers ▁would ▁be ▁forming ▁a ▁joint ▁stock ▁company ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁purchasing ▁and ▁taking ▁over ▁the ▁business ▁of ▁what ▁we ▁know ▁today ▁as ▁the ▁Old ▁Mill ▁and ▁all ▁other ▁businesses ▁and ▁property |
▁owned ▁by ▁Scott ▁Brothers . ▁William ▁Scott ▁would ▁manage ▁the ▁business ▁for ▁the ▁company . ▁ ▁A ▁prov is ional ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁was ▁set ▁up ▁to ▁pay ▁necessary ▁pre liminary ▁and ▁promotion ▁expenses ▁and ▁then ▁to ▁pay ▁Scott ▁Brothers ▁for ▁the ▁business ▁and ▁property ▁within ▁three ▁years ▁from ▁the ▁date ▁of ▁the ▁incorpor ation . ▁When ▁one ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁stock ▁was ▁sub scribed ▁and ▁ 2 0 % ▁paid , ▁application ▁was ▁made ▁for ▁the ▁incorpor ation ▁of ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁( Lim ited ). ▁The ▁Pro vis ional ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁had ▁to ▁appro ve ▁the ▁sub scriptions ▁for ▁stock . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁prospect us ▁for ▁purchasing , ▁the ▁property ▁which ▁was ▁located ▁partly ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Cal ed onia ▁and ▁partly ▁in ▁the ▁Township ▁of ▁One ida ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁modern ▁and ▁recently ▁ref itted ▁and ▁improved ▁roll er ▁mill ▁known ▁as ▁" The ▁Bal m oral ▁M ills " ▁with ▁about ▁three ▁acres ▁of ▁land , ▁ownership ▁of ▁one - half ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁dam ▁across ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁and ▁of ▁all ▁rights ▁connected , ▁two ▁Fl our ▁and ▁Fe ed ▁Sto res ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁lands ▁on ▁which ▁they ▁stood ▁and ▁a ▁large ▁storage ▁and ▁shipping ▁warehouse ▁on ▁the ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁Tr unk ▁Railway ▁Company ▁at ▁their ▁station ▁in ▁Cal ed onia . ▁ ▁Cal ed onia , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁wealth iest ▁and ▁finest |
▁wheat ▁producing ▁districts ▁in ▁Canada , ▁the ▁water ▁power ▁hard ▁to ▁equal ▁and ▁the ▁railway ▁shipping ▁facilities ▁all ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁desired . ▁ ▁The ▁Bal m oral ▁Fl our ing ▁Mill , ▁formerly ▁a ▁four ▁run ▁stone ▁mill ▁of ▁first ▁class ▁reputation , ▁had ▁a ▁modern ▁improved ▁system ▁of ▁patent ▁rolls ▁with ▁an ▁easy ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 ▁barrel s ▁per ▁day . ▁Its ▁flour ▁had ▁earned ▁a ▁high ▁reputation ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁markets ▁and ▁commanded ▁a ▁ready ▁sale . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁incorpor ation ▁it ▁was ▁run ▁by ▁water ▁power ▁rarely ▁equ alled ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁which ▁would ▁add ▁to ▁the ▁profits ▁of ▁the ▁business . ▁ ▁The ▁Village ▁Fl our ▁and ▁Fe ed ▁Store ▁composed ▁part ▁of ▁lot ▁number ▁one ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁Arg yle ▁Street ▁corner ▁of ▁Ca ith ness ▁St . ▁However , ▁the ▁new ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁would ▁own ▁the ▁entire ▁building ▁which ▁contained ▁the ▁head ▁office , ▁and ▁two ▁other ▁stores ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁upper ▁store ys ▁which ▁would ▁be ▁rent ed ▁at ▁rem un er ative ▁prices . ▁It ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁valuable ▁properties ▁in ▁the ▁town . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁store ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Cal ed onia ▁Fl our ▁and ▁Fe ed ▁Store ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁W ig ton ▁Street , ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁division ▁of ▁lot ▁number ▁ 1 0 , ▁South side ▁of ▁For far ▁Street , ▁and ▁was ▁said ▁also ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁valuable ▁property ▁and ▁a |
▁good ▁business . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁store h ouses ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁flour ▁and ▁feed ▁stores ▁that ▁were ▁capable ▁of ▁st oring ▁large ▁quantities ▁of ▁grain ▁too . ▁The ▁store house ▁on ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁Tr unk ▁Railway ▁Company ▁was ▁under ▁a ▁ground ▁lease ▁from ▁Grand ▁Tr unk , ▁had ▁a ▁switch ▁from ▁the ▁railway ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁it ▁and ▁had ▁capital ▁facilities ▁for ▁st oring ▁and ▁shipping . ▁ ▁Later ▁history ▁ ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁sur rend ered ▁its ▁char ter ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁Im medi ately , ▁the ▁mill s ▁and ▁their ▁ad join ing ▁properties ▁were ▁sold ▁off ▁to ▁a ▁company ▁by ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁L H & J ▁Enter prises , ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁three ▁gentle men . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁it ▁seems ▁that ▁L H & J ▁had ▁sold ▁the ▁north ▁mill ▁and ▁were ▁le asing ▁the ▁south ▁mill ▁to ▁Jan ▁and ▁Le ona ▁But a . ▁ ▁The ▁north ▁mill ▁burned ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁Through ▁a ▁change ▁of ▁hands , ▁the ▁south ▁mill ▁was ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁Conserv ation ▁Authority , ▁who ▁were ▁hoping ▁to ▁turn ▁the ▁site ▁into ▁a ▁conservation ▁area ▁and ▁park . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁they ▁put ▁the ▁mill ▁up ▁for ▁demol ition . ▁A ▁committee ▁of ▁the ▁Golden ▁H ors es ho e ▁Ant ique ▁Society ▁saved ▁the ▁mill ▁from ▁demol ition |
▁by ▁having ▁it ▁designated ▁under ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Heritage ▁Act ▁through ▁the ▁H ald im and ▁County ▁L AC AC ▁( Local ▁Architect ural ▁Conserv ation ▁Advis ory ▁Committee ). ▁ ▁The ▁Golden ▁H ors es ho e ▁Mill ▁Committee ▁put ▁up ▁a ▁new ▁roof , ▁and ▁re - p ainted ▁the ▁mill ▁building . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Old ▁Mill ▁Corporation ▁was ▁formed ▁by ▁community ▁members ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁restoration ▁of ▁the ▁mill . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁Mill ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁$ 1 ▁to ▁Rivers ide ▁properties ▁who ▁have ▁since ▁demol ished ▁the ▁structure ▁and ▁plan ▁to ▁turn ▁the ▁site ▁into ▁an ▁office ▁complex . ▁ ▁Construction ▁( Arch itect ure ) ▁ ▁Power ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ▁was ▁powered ▁by ▁three ▁water ▁turb ines . ▁One ▁being ▁significantly ▁smaller ▁than ▁the ▁others . ▁Most ▁lines ha ft ing ▁which ▁connect s ▁leather ▁bel ts ▁and ▁pul le ys ▁to ▁machinery ▁is ▁still ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁turb ines ▁which ▁are ▁currently ▁still ▁in ▁place . ▁ ▁Equipment ▁The ▁Mill ▁contained ▁a ▁large ▁amount ▁of ▁its ▁machinery , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁machinery ▁transport ed ▁from ▁App s ▁Mill ▁near ▁Br ant ford , ▁Ontario . ▁Mach inery ▁on ▁display ▁in ▁the ▁mill ▁prior ▁to ▁demol ition ▁included : ▁Roll er ▁M ills , ▁cent rif ug al ▁flour ▁d res ser , ▁swing - s ieve ▁s if ter , ▁several ▁bol ting ▁re els , ▁separ ators , ▁pur |
ifiers , ▁and ▁bucket ▁elevator ▁systems . ▁ ▁Later ▁Ext ensions ▁There ▁have ▁been ▁two ▁major ▁add itions ▁to ▁the ▁Mill . ▁The ▁first ▁occurred ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 0 s ▁when ▁a ▁two ▁story ▁L - shaped ▁addition ▁was ▁added . ▁The ▁second ▁was ▁a ▁two - story ▁an nex ▁added ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 0 s . ▁The ▁three ▁sections ▁combine ▁to ▁make ▁up ▁the ▁look ▁of ▁mill ▁as ▁it ▁stands ▁today . ▁ ▁The ▁Mill ▁featured ▁a ▁distinctive ▁cup ola , ▁a ▁decor ative ▁feature ▁rarely ▁seen ▁in ▁Canadian ▁mill s ▁of ▁the ▁era . ▁The ▁cup ola ▁gave ▁a ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁Bridge , ▁the ▁only ▁nine - span ▁bridge ▁in ▁Canada . ▁It ▁is ▁likely ▁that ▁this ▁cup ola ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁allow ▁light ▁to ▁shine ▁on ▁lines ha ft ing ▁on ▁the ▁top ▁floor ▁of ▁the ▁building . ▁ ▁Us age ▁The ▁Mill ▁building ▁was ▁demol ished ▁by ▁Rivers ide ▁Properties ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁and ▁work ▁has ▁comm enced ▁on ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁an ▁office ▁complex . ▁ ▁Own ers ▁The ▁land ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁Mill ▁once ▁stood ▁is ▁now ▁owned ▁by ▁Rivers ide ▁Properties . ▁The ▁river - front ▁park ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁H ald im and ▁County , ▁and ▁the ▁Mill r ace ▁or ▁Head ▁race ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁Conserv ation ▁Authority . ▁ ▁Ten ants ▁For ▁a ▁short ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s , ▁the ▁Mill ▁was ▁utilized |
▁by ▁the ▁Grand ▁Mill ▁Theatre ▁Company ▁who ▁used ▁the ▁main ▁floor ▁as ▁a ▁performing ▁arts ▁space . ▁ ▁Public ▁Access ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁mill ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁Do ors ▁Open ▁H ald im and ▁County . ▁The ▁river - front ▁park ▁is ▁utilized ▁by ▁many ▁organizations ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁scen ic ▁location ▁along ▁the ▁Grand ▁River . ▁ ▁Not able ▁Events ▁/ ▁C ult ura ▁& ▁Media ▁ ▁Not able ▁Events ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁the ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ▁was ▁home ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁winter ▁light ▁displays ▁in ▁Southern ▁Ontario . ▁The ▁display ▁which ▁ran ▁each ▁year ▁from ▁late ▁November ▁to ▁early ▁January ▁attract s ▁thousands . ▁A ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁holiday ▁lights ▁are ▁synchronized ▁to ▁popular ▁holiday ▁music . ▁ ▁Culture ▁& ▁Media ▁The ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ▁is ▁featured ▁on ▁many ▁websites ▁including ▁Facebook , ▁YouTube , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁website ▁for ▁the ▁Cal ed onia ▁Old ▁Mill ▁Corporation . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Cal ed onia , ▁Ontario ▁ ▁Cal ed onia ▁Bridge ▁ ▁Cal ed onia ▁Dam ▁ ▁H ald im and ▁House ▁ ▁Fl our ▁mill ▁ ▁Fl our ▁Mill ing ▁ ▁Reference ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁</ ref > ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Old ▁Mill ▁Corporation ▁Website ▁ ▁Cal ed onia ▁Mill ▁History ▁ ▁Tour ism ▁Cal ed onia ▁Website ▁ ▁Category : Water m ills ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁H ald im and |
▁County ▁Category : Gr inding ▁mill s ▁in ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Washington ▁State ▁Cou g ars ▁football ▁team ▁represented ▁Washington ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁NC AA ▁Division ▁I ▁F BS ▁football ▁season . ▁Head ▁coach ▁Paul ▁W ul ff ▁was ▁in ▁his ▁third ▁season ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific - 1 0 ▁Conference . ▁The ▁team ▁played ▁its ▁home ▁games ▁on ▁campus ▁at ▁Martin ▁Stadium ▁in ▁Pull man , ▁Washington . ▁The ▁Cou g ars ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁ 2 – 1 0 , ▁ 1 – 8 ▁in ▁Pac - 1 0 ▁play . ▁ ▁Schedule ▁ ▁Game ▁summar ies ▁ ▁Oklahoma ▁State ▁ ▁Mont ana ▁State ▁ ▁Southern ▁Method ist ▁ ▁Southern ▁California ▁ ▁U CL A ▁ ▁After ▁scoring ▁ 2 1 ▁un ans w ered ▁points ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁Bru ins ▁ 2 8 - 2 0 , ▁the ▁Cou g ars ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁lead . ▁The ▁Bru ins ▁came ▁back ▁with ▁three ▁touchdown s ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁half ▁for ▁the ▁victory . ▁ ▁Oregon ▁ ▁Arizona ▁ ▁Stanford ▁ ▁Arizona ▁State ▁ ▁California ▁ ▁Oregon ▁State ▁ ▁The ▁Cou g ars ▁came ▁into ▁Cor v all is ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 - 9 ▁record , ▁and ▁a ▁ 1 6 - game ▁Pac - 1 0 ▁losing ▁streak . ▁The ▁Cou g ars ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁early , ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 4 - 0 ▁lead . ▁The ▁Cou g |
ars ▁would ▁walk ▁away ▁with ▁a ▁ 3 1 - 1 4 ▁victory ▁against ▁the ▁Be a vers , ▁ending ▁the ▁ 1 6 ▁game ▁conference ▁losing ▁streak . ▁ ▁Washington ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Washington ▁State ▁Cou g ars ▁Category : W ashington ▁State ▁Cou g ars ▁football ▁seasons ▁Washington ▁State ▁Cou g ars ▁f <0x0A> </s> ▁Gate ▁School ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Gate ▁School ▁( Gate , ▁Oklahoma ), ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁Be aver ▁County , ▁Oklahoma ▁Gate ▁School ▁( Gate , ▁Washington ), ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁Th ur ston ▁County , ▁Washington <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁computing , ▁a ▁keyboard ▁short cut ▁is ▁a ▁sequence ▁or ▁combination ▁of ▁ke yst ro kes ▁on ▁a ▁computer ▁keyboard ▁which ▁inv okes ▁commands ▁in ▁software . ▁ ▁Most ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁require ▁the ▁user ▁to ▁press ▁a ▁single ▁key ▁or ▁a ▁sequence ▁of ▁keys ▁one ▁after ▁the ▁other . ▁Other ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁require ▁pressing ▁and ▁holding ▁several ▁keys ▁simultaneously ▁( ind icated ▁in ▁the ▁tables ▁below ▁by ▁this ▁sign : ▁+ ). ▁Key board ▁short c uts ▁may ▁depend ▁on ▁the ▁keyboard ▁layout . ▁ ▁Compar ison ▁of ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁▁ ▁Key board ▁short c uts ▁are ▁a ▁common ▁aspect ▁of ▁most ▁modern ▁operating ▁systems ▁and ▁associated ▁software ▁applications . ▁Their ▁use ▁is ▁per vas ive ▁enough ▁that ▁some ▁users ▁consider ▁them ▁an ▁important ▁element ▁of ▁their ▁routine ▁interactions ▁with ▁a ▁computer . ▁Whether |
▁used ▁as ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁personal ▁preference ▁or ▁for ▁adapt ive ▁technology , ▁the ▁per vas iveness ▁of ▁common ▁convent ions ▁means ▁that ▁a ▁meaningful ▁comparison ▁of ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁across ▁various ▁widely ▁used ▁operating ▁systems . ▁ ▁C ells ▁with ▁a ▁yellow ▁background ▁in ▁the ▁tables ▁below ▁denote ▁Apple ' s ▁" s ac red " ▁key bind ings . ▁ ▁General ▁short c uts ▁ ▁A ▁note ▁regarding ▁K DE ' s ▁short c uts ▁is ▁that ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁changed ▁and ▁the ▁below ▁list ▁contains ▁the ▁defaults . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁combinations ▁are ▁not ▁true ▁for ▁local ized ▁versions ▁of ▁operating ▁systems . ▁For ▁example , ▁in ▁a ▁non - English ▁version ▁of ▁Windows , ▁the ▁Edit ▁menu ▁is ▁not ▁always ▁bound ▁to ▁the ▁ ▁short cut . ▁Furthermore , ▁many ▁short c uts ▁( such ▁as ▁, ▁, ▁etc .) ▁are ▁just ▁common ▁convent ions ▁and ▁are ▁not ▁handled ▁by ▁the ▁operating ▁system . ▁Whether ▁such ▁commands ▁are ▁implemented ▁( or ▁not ) ▁depends ▁on ▁how ▁an ▁actual ▁application ▁program ▁( such ▁as ▁an ▁editor ) ▁is ▁written . ▁Not ▁all ▁applications ▁follow ▁( all ▁of ) ▁these ▁convent ions , ▁so ▁if ▁it ▁doesn ' t ▁work , ▁it ▁isn ' t ▁compatible . ▁i ▁ ▁Nav igation ▁ ▁Power ▁management ▁ ▁Scre ens h ots ▁ ▁Text ▁editing ▁ ▁Many ▁of ▁these ▁commands ▁may ▁be ▁combined ▁with ▁ ▁to ▁select ▁a ▁region ▁of ▁text . ▁ ▁Text ▁form atting ▁ ▁B rows ers |
▁/ ▁Go ▁menu ▁ ▁Web ▁brows ers ▁ ▁Tab ▁management ▁ ▁Window ▁management ▁ ▁User ▁interface ▁navigation ▁( widget s ▁and ▁controls ) ▁ ▁Command ▁line ▁short c uts ▁ ▁Below ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁common ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁that ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁a ▁command ▁line ▁environment . ▁ ▁Access ibility ▁▁ ▁In ▁Windows , ▁it ▁is ▁possible ▁to ▁disable ▁these ▁short c uts ▁using ▁the ▁Access ibility ▁or ▁E ase ▁of ▁Access ▁control ▁panel . ▁ ▁In ▁G NO ME , ▁these ▁short c uts ▁are ▁possible , ▁if ▁Universal ▁Access ▁is ▁enabled ▁on ▁the ▁system . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Key board ▁short cut ▁ ▁Microsoft ▁Windows ▁key ▁short c uts ▁ ▁Common ▁User ▁Access ▁( CU A ) ▁ ▁Computer ▁keyboard ▁ ▁Human ▁interface ▁guidelines ▁ ▁Point ing ▁device ▁gesture ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁mac OS ▁ ▁Mac ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁ ▁Key board ▁short c uts ▁in ▁Saf ari ▁for ▁Mac ▁ ▁Windows ▁ ▁Key board ▁short c uts ▁in ▁Windows ▁ ▁Linux ▁ ▁G NO ME ▁ ▁Use ful ▁Key board ▁Short c uts ▁ ▁Key board ▁Nav igation ▁ ▁Set ▁Key board ▁Short c uts ▁ ▁Universal ▁Access ▁ ▁Us age ▁ ▁Key board ▁Inter action ▁ ▁library . gn ome . org ▁for ▁the ▁latest ▁documentation ▁of ▁un stable ▁ ▁G NO ME ▁Web : ▁G NO ME ▁Web ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁ ▁K DE ▁ ▁K DE ▁Fund ament als : ▁Common ▁Key board ▁Short c |
uts ▁ ▁K DE ▁Community ▁W iki : ▁K DE ▁Visual ▁Design ▁Group / H IG / Keyboard ▁Short c uts ▁ ▁Office ▁Su ites ▁ ▁Apache ▁Open Off ice ▁or ▁Lib re Off ice ▁ ▁Open Off ice . org ▁and ▁Lib re Off ice ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁ ▁Web ▁B rows ers ▁ ▁Chrome ▁or ▁Ch rom ium : ▁Google ▁Chrome ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁ ▁Fire fox : ▁Fire fox ▁browser ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁ ▁Opera : ▁Opera ▁browser ▁keyboard ▁short c uts ▁ ▁Category : User ▁interface ▁techniques <0x0A> </s> ▁E os ent omon ▁can arin um ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁prot ur an ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁E os ent om idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Africa . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pro t ura ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : Anim als ▁described ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Hugo ▁Ob weg es er ▁( 2 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Aust rian ▁O ral ▁Sur geon ▁and ▁Pl astic ▁Sur geon ▁who ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁the ▁modern ▁orth ogn ath ic ▁surgery . ▁In ▁his ▁publication ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁sur geon ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁simultane ous ▁procedure ▁which ▁involved ▁sur ger ies ▁of ▁both ▁Max illa ▁and ▁Mand ible ▁involving ▁Le ▁Fort ▁I ▁and ▁Bil ateral ▁S ag itt al |
▁S plit ▁O ste ot omy ▁technique . ▁ ▁Career ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁Hugo ▁attended ▁the ▁Rock it ans ky ▁Institute ▁of ▁Path ological ▁An at omy ▁at ▁University ▁of ▁Vienna ▁after ▁he ▁consult ed ▁his ▁uncle ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁physician . ▁He ▁received ▁ 1 ▁year ▁of ▁general ▁surgery ▁training , ▁ 2 ▁years ▁of ▁path ology ▁training . ▁Then ▁he ▁went ▁to ▁G raz ▁University ▁to ▁train ▁in ▁O ral ▁and ▁Max ill of ac ial ▁Sur gery ▁under ▁Richard ▁Tra un er . ▁He ▁trained ▁there ▁for ▁ 6 ▁years ▁and ▁performed ▁many ▁sur ger ies ▁related ▁to ▁war ▁injuries . ▁Hugo ▁then ▁left ▁to ▁train ▁under ▁Harold ▁Gill ies , ▁who ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁modern ▁plastic ▁and ▁recon struct ive ▁surgery . ▁He ▁worked ▁with ▁him ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁Hugo ▁was ▁also ▁influenced ▁by ▁Dr . ▁Paul ▁T ess ier ▁whom ▁he ▁learned ▁how ▁to ▁advance ▁the ▁entire ▁middle ▁third ▁of ▁the ▁face . ▁Thus ▁he ▁eventually ▁ended ▁up ▁att aining ▁degrees ▁in ▁O ral ▁and ▁max ill of ac ial ▁surgery , ▁plastic ▁surgery ▁and ▁general ▁surgery . ▁ ▁Le ▁Fort ▁I ▁o ste ot omy ▁ ▁Ob weg es er ▁developed ▁the ▁modern ▁Le ▁Fort ▁I ▁o ste ot omy ▁procedure ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁completely ▁imm obil ized ▁the ▁max illa . ▁His ▁technique ▁involved ▁the ▁p ter yg om ax ill ary ▁dis j unction . ▁He ▁was ▁also |
▁a ▁pro ponent ▁of ▁using ▁bone ▁g raft ▁between ▁the ▁p ter yg oid ▁plates ▁and ▁max ill ary ▁tub eros ities . ▁Ob weg es er ' s ▁surg ical ▁technique ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁William ▁Bell ' s ▁research ▁on ▁animals ▁where ▁the ▁vas cul ature ▁integrity ▁of ▁max illa ▁was ▁confirmed . ▁He ▁also ▁published ▁a ▁paper ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁where ▁he ▁described ▁the ▁two ▁jaw ▁surgery ▁being ▁performed ▁simultaneously . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁when ▁Ob weg es er ▁introduced ▁his ▁orth ogn ath ic ▁surgery ▁techniques ▁to ▁surge ons ▁of ▁North ▁America . ▁This ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁American ▁Society ▁of ▁O ral ▁Sur gery ▁meeting ▁at ▁the ▁Walter ▁Reed ▁Military ▁Hospital , ▁Washington ▁DC . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁wrote ▁a ▁text book ▁called ▁Mand ib ular ▁Grow th ▁An om al ies : ▁Term in ology - A eti ology ▁Di agn osis ▁- ▁Treat ment . ▁ ▁Pos itions ▁and ▁awards ▁ ▁Journal ▁of ▁O ral ▁and ▁Max ill of ac ial ▁Sur gery , ▁Editor - in - Ch ief ▁ ▁German ▁Society ▁of ▁O ral ▁and ▁Max ill of ac ial ▁Sur gery , ▁Past - Pres ident ▁ ▁European ▁Association ▁of ▁Max ill of ac ial ▁Sur gery , ▁Past - Pres ident ▁ ▁Sem mel we is - Med ic ine ▁University , ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁ ▁Down ▁S urg ical ▁Prize ▁by ▁British ▁Association ▁of ▁O ral ▁and ▁Max ill of ac ial |
▁Sur ge ons ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Cond yl ar ▁hyper pl asia ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : A ust rian ▁surge ons ▁Category : 1 9 2 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁deaths <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Chile an ▁presidential ▁election ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 ▁and ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 2 9 , ▁through ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁elect ors . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁The ▁newly ▁en act ed ▁Constitution ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 8 ▁provided ▁that ▁the ▁President ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁chosen ▁by ▁elect ors . ▁Two ▁hundred ▁and ▁sixteen ▁elect ors , ▁three ▁for ▁each ▁congress man , ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁chosen . ▁Each ▁elect or ▁voted ▁for ▁two ▁names , ▁without ▁spec ifying ▁which ▁vote ▁was ▁for ▁President ▁or ▁Vice ▁President . ▁ ▁The ▁election ▁was ▁subject ▁to ▁ab uses , ▁so ▁elect ors ▁gave ▁their ▁vote ▁to ▁Francisco ▁Antonio ▁P into ▁and ▁to ▁Jo aqu ín ▁Vic u ña . ▁▁ ▁Even ▁though ▁P into ▁was ▁accepted ▁as ▁President , ▁his ▁resign ation ▁and ▁replacement ▁by ▁Vice ▁President ▁Jo aqu ín ▁Vic u ña ▁triggered ▁the ▁Chile an ▁Civil ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 9 . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Source : ▁Res umen ▁de ▁la ▁Historia ▁de ▁Chile ▁( Enc ina - C asted o ) ▁▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁Category : 1 8 2 9 ▁elections ▁in ▁South ▁America ▁Category : Ch ile an ▁Civil ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 |
8 2 9 – 3 0 ▁Category : 1 8 2 9 ▁in ▁Chile ▁Category : May ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁events <0x0A> </s> ▁Pam ela ▁Kyle ▁Cross ley ▁( born ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁historian ▁of ▁modern ▁China , ▁northern ▁Asia , ▁and ▁global ▁history ▁and ▁holds ▁the ▁Charles ▁and ▁El fried e ▁Coll is ▁Professor ▁of ▁History , ▁D art mouth ▁College . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁founding ▁appointment ▁of ▁the ▁D art mouth ▁Society ▁of ▁F ell ows . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁author ▁of ▁The ▁W ob bling ▁P ivot : ▁China ▁since ▁ 1 8 0 0 : ▁An ▁Inter pret ive ▁History ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁influential ▁studies ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁dyn asty ▁( 1 6 4 4 – 1 9 1 1 ) ▁and ▁leading ▁text books ▁in ▁global ▁history . ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁an ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁twentieth - century ▁ident ities . ▁In ▁her ▁view ▁over land ▁con quest ▁by ▁the ▁great ▁em pires ▁of ▁early ▁modern ▁E uras ia ▁produced ▁a ▁special ▁form ▁of ▁rul ership ▁which ▁gave ▁high ▁priority ▁to ▁the ▁institutional ization ▁of ▁cultural ▁identity . ▁Cross ley ▁suggests ▁that ▁these ▁concepts ▁were ▁encoded ▁in ▁political ▁practice ▁and ▁academic ▁disc ourse ▁on ▁" n ational ism ," ▁and ▁prev ailed ▁till ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁twentieth ▁century . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Cross ley ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁L ima , ▁Ohio , ▁and ▁attended ▁high ▁school |
▁in ▁Emma us , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁After ▁leaving ▁high ▁school ▁she ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁editorial ▁assistant ▁and ▁writer ▁on ▁environmental ▁subjects ▁for ▁Rod ale ▁Press . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁she ▁graduated ▁from ▁Sw arth more ▁College , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁editor - in - ch ief ▁of ▁The ▁Phoenix ; ▁her ▁fellow ▁students ▁included ▁David ▁C . ▁Page , ▁Robert ▁Z o ell ick , ▁Ben ▁Br ant ley , ▁Wing ▁Th ye ▁W oo , ▁Robert ▁P . ▁George , ▁Jac qu eline ▁Care y ▁and ▁David ▁G . ▁Brad ley . ▁At ▁Sw arth more ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁of ▁L ill ian ▁M . ▁Li ▁and ▁Bruce ▁C um ings , ▁and ▁as ▁an ▁under graduate ▁began ▁graduate ▁study ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁with ▁Hil ary ▁Con roy . ▁She ▁later ▁entered ▁Yale ▁University , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁of ▁Yu ▁Y ing - sh ih ▁and ▁Parker ▁Po - fe i ▁Hu ang , ▁and ▁wrote ▁a ▁dis sert ation ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Jonathan ▁D . ▁Sp ence . ▁She ▁joined ▁the ▁D art mouth ▁College ▁faculty ▁in ▁Han over , ▁New ▁Hampshire , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁After ▁David ▁Far qu har , ▁Ger tr aude ▁Roth ▁Li , ▁and ▁Be atrice ▁S . ▁Bart lett , ▁Cross ley ▁was ▁among ▁the ▁first ▁scholars ▁writing ▁in ▁English ▁to ▁use ▁Man ch u - language ▁documents ▁to ▁research ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁Empire . ▁More ▁specialists ▁subsequently ▁adopted |
▁this ▁practice . ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁a ▁G ug gen heim ▁fellow , ▁an ▁NE H ▁fellow ▁( 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2 ) ▁and ▁a ▁recipient ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁for ▁Asian ▁Studies ▁Joseph ▁Lev enson ▁Book ▁Prize ▁for ▁A ▁Trans lu cent ▁Mir ror . ▁D art mouth ▁students ▁have ▁given ▁her ▁the ▁Gold stein ▁Prize ▁for ▁teaching . ▁Cross ley ▁res ides ▁in ▁Nor wich , ▁Verm ont . ▁ ▁Public ations ▁ ▁Most ▁recently ▁Cross ley ▁has ▁published ▁The ▁W ob bling ▁P ivot : ▁China ▁Since ▁ 1 8 0 0 , ▁An ▁Inter pret ive ▁History ▁which ▁takes ▁the ▁res il ience ▁and ▁co her ence ▁of ▁local ▁communities ▁in ▁China ▁as ▁a ▁theme ▁for ▁inter pre ting ▁the ▁transition ▁from ▁the ▁late ▁imperial ▁to ▁the ▁modern ▁era . ▁Cross ley ' s ▁previous ▁books ▁are ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁( Pol ity ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ), ▁an ▁examination ▁of ▁narrative ▁strategies ▁in ▁global ▁history ▁that ▁jo ins ▁a ▁new ▁series ▁of ▁short ▁intro duct ory ▁books ▁inspired ▁by ▁E . H . ▁Carr ' s ▁What ▁is ▁History ?. ▁Cross ley ' s ▁books ▁on ▁Chinese ▁history ▁include ▁ ▁Or phan ▁War riors : ▁Three ▁Man ch u ▁Gener ations ▁and ▁the ▁End ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁World ▁( Pr inceton ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ); ▁The ▁Man ch us ▁( Black well s ▁Publish ers , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ); ▁A |
▁Trans lu cent ▁Mir ror : ▁History ▁and ▁Identity ▁in ▁Q ing ▁Imperial ▁Ide ology ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁California ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ). ▁She ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁co - author ▁of ▁the ▁best - selling ▁global ▁history ▁text books , ▁The ▁Earth ▁and ▁its ▁Pe oples ▁( H ought on ▁M if fl in , ▁ 5 th ▁edition , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁and ▁Global ▁Society : ▁The ▁World ▁since ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁( H ought on ▁M if fl in , ▁ 2 nd ▁edition , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ). ▁Her ▁work ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁two ▁separate ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁Cambridge ▁hist ories . ▁She ▁is ▁widely ▁published ▁both ▁in ▁academic ▁jour nals ▁and ▁in ▁period icals ▁such ▁as ▁London ▁Review ▁of ▁Books , ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁Liter ary ▁Supp lement , ▁The ▁New ▁Republic , ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁Magazine , ▁Far ▁Eastern ▁Economic ▁Review , ▁Call io pe , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁online ▁editorial ▁spaces ▁of ▁the ▁BBC . ▁She ▁has ▁participated ▁in ▁A & E ' s ▁" In ▁Search ▁of ..." ▁series ▁(" The ▁For bidden ▁City "). ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁the ▁new ▁educational ▁platform ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁Project ▁announced ▁that ▁Cross ley ▁would ▁produce ▁a ▁video ▁course ▁on ▁Modern ▁China ▁for ▁their ▁site . ▁Un us ually , ▁Cross ley ▁maint ains ▁an ▁err ata ▁page ▁for ▁her ▁publications , ▁including ▁ex changes ▁with ▁transl ators . ▁ |
▁" Q ing ▁Studies ," ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁and ▁criticism ▁by ▁Chinese ▁Academy ▁of ▁Social ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁noted ▁for ▁her ▁work ▁in ▁what ▁has ▁been ▁called ▁either ▁New ▁Q ing ▁History ▁or ▁Q ing ▁Studies , ▁which ▁has ▁come ▁under ▁attack ▁by ▁Chinese ▁scholars ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Academy ▁of ▁Social ▁Sciences . ▁Cross ley ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁Man ch u ▁language , ▁religion , ▁documents , ▁and ▁customs ▁remained ▁of ▁great ▁importance ▁to ▁the ▁Q ing ▁until ▁the ▁middle ▁nineteenth ▁century . ▁Her ▁book ▁Or phan ▁War riors ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁sustained ▁critique ▁of ▁conventional ▁assumptions ▁of ▁" sin ic ization ." ▁She ▁agreed ▁that ▁ass im ilation ▁and ▁acc ult uration ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁China ' s ▁history , ▁but ▁considered ▁" sin ic ization " ▁to ▁be ▁something ▁that ▁histor ians ▁had ▁im b ued ▁with ▁a ▁char ism atic ▁quality ▁with ▁no ▁basis ▁in ▁fact . ▁She ▁disag reed ▁with ▁earlier ▁scholars ▁that ▁Man ch us ▁had ▁been ▁" sin ic ized ", ▁but ▁she ▁did ▁not ▁argue ▁that ▁Man ch u ▁culture ▁in ▁modern ▁China ▁was ▁the ▁traditional ▁culture ▁of ▁Man ch ur ia . ▁Rather , ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁new ▁culture ▁of ▁individual ▁Man ch u ▁communities ▁in ▁China , ▁what ▁she ▁called ▁" the ▁sense ▁of ▁difference ▁that ▁has ▁no ▁out ward ▁sign ". ▁ ▁Many ▁histor ians ▁such ▁as ▁Jo anna ▁W ale y - Co hen ▁have ▁named ▁Cross ley ▁as ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁" |
New ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁school . ▁William ▁T . ▁R owe ▁of ▁John s ▁Hop kins ▁University ▁describes ▁Cross ley ▁as ▁the ▁" p ione er " ▁of ▁these ▁new ▁ways ▁of ▁thinking ▁about ▁Q ing ▁history ." ▁ ▁E arlier , ▁political ▁comment ator ▁Charles ▁Hor ner ▁pointed ▁to ▁Cross ley ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁current ▁histor ians ▁in ▁the ▁recon cept ual ization ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁period ▁and ▁its ▁significance , ▁which ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁refer ▁to ▁as ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History ." . ▁ ▁In ▁publications ▁in ▁Korea ▁and ▁China ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Cross ley ▁has ▁written ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁two ▁trends ▁that ▁are ▁often ▁con fl ated , ▁one ▁a ▁" Man ch u - cent ered " ▁school ▁and ▁another ▁group ▁who ▁view ▁the ▁Q ing ▁empire ▁as ▁a ▁" hist or ical ▁object " ▁in ▁its ▁own ▁right ▁( not ▁only ▁a ▁phase ▁in ▁Chinese ▁history ). ▁She ▁critic ized ▁the ▁" Man ch u - cent ered " ▁school ▁for ▁romantic ism ▁and ▁re lying ▁on ▁dis pro ved ▁theories ▁about ▁" Al ta ic " ▁language , ▁culture ▁and ▁history . ▁ ▁She ▁also ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁analys es ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁group ▁called ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁Histor ians " ▁by ▁W ale y - Co hen ▁and ▁later ▁popular ▁with ▁Chinese ▁histor ians ▁were ▁various ▁and ▁conflic ting , ▁and ▁that ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁as ▁a ▁" school " ▁could ▁not ▁reasonably |
▁be ▁extended ▁beyond ▁the ▁small ▁group ▁who ▁actually ▁called ▁themselves ▁writers ▁of ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History ." ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁she ▁seems ▁to ▁have ▁included ▁herself ▁in ▁the ▁Q ing ▁empire ▁school , ▁which ▁she ▁calls ▁" Q ing ▁Studies ." ▁She ▁sees ▁the ▁Q ing ▁empire ▁not ▁as ▁a ▁Man ch u ▁empire ▁but ▁as ▁a ▁" sim ultane ous " ▁system ▁( like ▁many ▁other ▁historical ▁em pires ) ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁emperor ▁is ▁not ▁sub ord inate ▁to ▁any ▁single ▁culture . ▁ ▁Of ▁Cross ley ' s ▁books , ▁only ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁has ▁been ▁successfully ▁translated ▁and ▁published ▁in ▁China . ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Academy ▁of ▁Social ▁Sciences ▁published ▁a ▁criticism ▁by ▁historian ▁Li ▁Z h iting ▁of ▁histor ians ▁he ▁called ▁a ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁f action , ▁acc using ▁former ▁Association ▁for ▁Asian ▁Studies ▁President ▁ ▁Ev ely n ▁Raw ski , ▁Cross ley , ▁Mark ▁C . ▁Ell i ott ▁and ▁James ▁A . ▁Mill ward ▁personally ▁as ▁being ▁apolog ists ▁for ▁imperial ism , ▁producing ▁fraud ulent ▁history ▁and ▁encouraging ▁" spl itt ism " ▁in ▁border ▁areas . ▁This ▁followed ▁Internet ▁criticism ▁by ▁Chinese ▁post ers ▁of ▁Cross ley ' s ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁editorial ▁in ▁the ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁contrast ed ▁the ▁international ▁found ations ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁revolution ▁in ▁China ▁with ▁the |
▁narrow ▁national ism ▁of ▁the ▁hundred - year ▁celebration ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Poss ibly ▁Li ▁Z h iting ▁used ▁some ▁critic isms ▁that ▁Cross ley ▁herself ▁had ▁written ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁essay ▁which ▁was ▁translated ▁into ▁both ▁Korean ▁and ▁Chinese ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁critic isms ▁by ▁Li ▁were ▁followed ▁by ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁associate ▁professor ▁Z h ong ▁Han ▁( Min zu ▁University ) ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁C ASS ▁online ▁journal , ▁severely ▁attacking ▁ ▁both ▁Cross ley ▁personally ▁and ▁her ▁work . ▁In ▁a ▁subsequent ▁essay ▁Z h ong ▁continued ▁his ▁attack ▁on ▁Cross ley , ▁c iting ▁errors ▁in ▁an ▁article ▁of ▁hers ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁translated ▁into ▁Chinese . ▁Cross ley ▁maint ains ▁a ▁vol umin ous ▁err ata ▁site ▁linked ▁to ▁her ▁faculty ▁page ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 5 ; ▁in ▁a ▁twe et , ▁she ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁Z h ong ▁had ▁missed ▁the ▁" good ▁stuff " ▁and ▁recommended ▁that ▁he ▁visit ▁the ▁page . ▁Sub sequently , ▁L iu ▁W en p eng ▁den ounced ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁" Inner ▁Asia " ▁as ▁used ▁by ▁" New ▁Q ing " ▁histor ians , ▁apparently ▁following ▁Cross ley ' s ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁discussion ▁of ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁In ner ▁Asian ▁term . ▁Crit icism ▁of ▁Cross ley , ▁Raw ski ▁and ▁" New ▁Q ing " ▁histor ians , ▁particularly ▁Ell i |
ott ▁and ▁Mill ward , ▁continues ▁in ▁the ▁Chinese ▁press , ▁possibly ▁rein for cing ▁campaigns ▁against ▁" W estern ▁culture " ▁encouraged ▁by ▁the ▁current ▁Chinese ▁government . ▁Cross ley ▁was ▁quoted ▁in ▁Ky odo ▁New ▁Service ▁as ▁saying , ▁" We ▁are ▁not ▁the ▁targets ," ▁and ▁that ▁Chinese ▁histor ians ▁using ▁non - Ch inese ▁documents ▁and ▁dealing ▁with ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Q ing ▁empire ▁conqu ests ▁were ▁the ▁real ▁targets . ▁ ▁Global ▁history ▁ ▁Cross ley ▁was ▁a ▁co - author ▁of ▁The ▁Earth ▁and ▁its ▁Pe oples , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁revolutionary ▁text ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁She ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁write ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁in ▁a ▁Pol ity ▁Press ▁series ▁of ▁short ▁texts ▁introducing ▁historical ▁gen res ▁to ▁under grad u ates . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁study ▁of ▁" n arr ative ▁strategies " ▁used ▁by ▁histor ians ▁from ▁many ▁cultures , ▁over ▁history , ▁to ▁attempt ▁to ▁tell ▁" a ▁story ▁without ▁a ▁center ," ▁ ▁which ▁Cross ley ▁regards ▁as ▁the ▁defining ▁quality ▁of ▁" global ▁history ." ▁In ▁her ▁own ▁research ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁world ▁or ▁global ▁history ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁known ▁primarily ▁for ▁arguing , ▁in ▁agreement ▁with ▁a ▁certain ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁histor ians ▁of ▁China , ▁that ▁not ▁only ▁material ▁but ▁also ▁cultural ▁and ▁political ▁trends ▁produced ▁an ▁" ear ly ▁modern " ▁period ▁across ▁E uras ia ▁from ▁about ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁to ▁about ▁ 1 8 0 0 . |
▁She ▁has ▁commented ▁that ▁while ▁a ▁E uras ian ▁chron ology ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁teaching ▁is ▁possible ▁( as ▁in ▁the ▁example ▁of ▁early ▁modern ity ), ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁" global " ▁since ▁it ▁would ▁bring ▁together ▁Chinese ▁and ▁European ▁history ▁but ▁isol ate ▁the ▁hist ories ▁of ▁Africa , ▁Australia , ▁and ▁North ▁and ▁South ▁America . ▁ ▁Software ▁development ▁ ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁a ▁software ▁author , ▁and ▁has ▁created ▁applications ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁teachers , ▁profess ors , ▁community ▁organiz ers ▁to ▁manage ▁web ▁pages . ▁The ▁free ▁applications ▁are ▁spec ially ▁designed ▁for ▁display ▁of ▁all ▁" hor izont ally - written " ▁scripts , ▁and ▁integrate ▁functions ▁needed ▁for ▁instant ▁web ▁page ▁management . ▁A ▁widely ▁used ▁app ▁a ids ▁students ▁in ▁study ▁and ▁memor ization ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁classic ▁D ax ue ▁ 大 學 . ▁Other ▁software ▁makes ▁this ▁famous ▁reference ▁work ▁E min ent ▁Chinese ▁of ▁the ▁Ch ' ing ▁Period ▁used ▁by ▁students ▁who ▁do ▁not ▁know ▁the ▁W ade – G iles ▁system ▁accessible , ▁and ▁also ▁integr ates ▁to ▁Harvard ▁University ▁G IS ▁database . ▁It ▁is ▁available ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁( link ) ▁both ▁as ▁a ▁web ▁interface ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁desktop ▁internet ▁application . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Who ' s ▁Who ▁in ▁America ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁" Ch ina ▁at ▁the ▁Center ▁of ▁E uras ian ▁History " ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁Birmingham , ▁UK , ▁February ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 |
5 ) ▁Cross ley ▁review ▁of ▁Jung ▁Ch ang , ▁Em press ▁Dow ager ▁C ix i ▁in ▁'' London ▁Review ▁of ▁Books ' ▁R . ▁Kent ▁Guy ▁review ▁of ▁The ▁W ob bling ▁P ivot ▁in ▁The ▁China ▁Quarter ly ▁review ▁of ▁The ▁W ob bling ▁P ivot ▁in ▁' E poch ▁Times '' ▁On ▁Internet ▁Dialog ue ▁with ▁Chinese ▁Histor ians ▁in ▁China ▁Cross ley ' s ▁Err ata ▁Page ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁Project ▁Cross ley , ▁" Ch ina ' s ▁Century ▁Long ▁Identity ▁Cris is , ▁in ▁the ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁ 1 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 1 1 ▁Ma ura ▁Dy k stra , ▁" Ref lections ▁on ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁History ▁News ▁Network , ▁" Hist or ians ▁in ▁the ▁News " ▁James ▁A . ▁Mill ward ▁review ▁of ▁A ▁Trans lu cent ▁Mir ror ▁in ▁History ▁Cooper ative ▁Cross ley , ▁" The ▁Late ▁Q ing ▁Empire ▁in ▁Global ▁History " ▁in ▁Association ▁for ▁Asian ▁Studies , E duc ation ▁about ▁Asia , ▁Fall ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Joseph ▁Lev enson ▁Book ▁Prize ▁Justin ▁Tig he , ▁Review ▁of ▁Cross ley , ▁The ▁Man ch us ▁You g ou bian , ▁David ▁N ., ▁review ▁of ▁G . R . ▁G arth wa ite , ▁The ▁Pers ians ▁in ▁International ▁Journal ▁of ▁Middle ▁East ▁Studies , ▁Volume ▁ 3 8 , ▁No . 3 , ▁pp . 4 8 9 - 4 9 1 . |
▁G ior gio ▁R i ello ▁review ▁of ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁in ▁ ▁Journal ▁of ▁World ▁History ▁If tek har ▁I q b ali ▁review ▁of ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁with ▁Cross ley ▁response , ▁I HR ▁Reviews ▁in ▁History ▁Fel ipe ▁Fern ande z - Arm esto ▁review ▁of ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁L iu ▁W en ming , ▁" Mem oir ▁of ▁transl ating ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁( in ▁Chinese )' ▁Peter ▁Wood ▁review ▁of ▁The ▁W ob bling ▁P ivot ▁in ▁Asian ▁Review ▁of ▁Books ▁Paul ▁A . ▁Cohen ▁review ▁of ▁The ▁W ob bling ▁P ivot ▁in ▁China ▁Journal ▁Academ ic ▁device ▁download ▁for ▁D ax ue ▁and ▁Lex icon ▁" S even ▁Fac ulty ▁Members ▁Names ▁as ▁Society ▁of ▁F ell ows ▁M ent ors " ▁Ton set h ▁House ▁Software ▁Development ▁Software ▁interface ▁for ▁E min ent ▁Chinese ▁ ▁Related ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁histor ians ▁Category : American ▁sin ologists ▁Category : Free ▁software ▁program mers ▁Category : D art mouth ▁College ▁faculty ▁Category : Sw arth more ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : People ▁from ▁L ima , ▁Ohio ▁Category : American ▁women ▁histor ians ▁Category : Hist or ians ▁of ▁China ▁Category : J ose ph ▁Lev enson ▁Book ▁Prize ▁recip ients ▁Category : W omen ▁orient al ists <0x0A> </s> ▁" Paul ▁Re vere " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁by |
▁American ▁hip ▁hop ▁group ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys , ▁released ▁as ▁the ▁third ▁single ▁from ▁their ▁debut ▁album ▁Licensed ▁to ▁Ill ▁( 1 9 8 6 ). ▁It ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Adam ▁Hor ov itz , ▁Joseph ▁Sim mons , ▁Dar ry l ▁Mc Dan iels , ▁and ▁Rick ▁Rub in . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Rick ▁Rub in ▁and ▁the ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys . ▁The ▁song ▁tells ▁a ▁fict ional ▁story ▁of ▁how ▁the ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys ▁met . ▁ ▁Adam ▁Hor ov itz ▁told ▁how ▁the ▁song ▁evolved ▁from ▁an ▁incident ▁when ▁the ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys ▁were ▁waiting ▁outside ▁a ▁recording ▁studio ▁for ▁Run - D . M . C ., ▁when ▁Joseph ▁Sim mons ▁(" Run ") ▁suddenly ▁came ▁running ▁down ▁the ▁street ▁screaming ▁in co her ently . ▁When ▁he ▁reached ▁the ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys , ▁he ▁said ▁" Here ' s ▁a ▁little ▁story ▁I ▁got ▁to ▁tell ..." . ▁After ▁much ▁confusion , ▁Sim mons ▁stated ▁" TH AT ' s ▁the ▁song ". ▁The ▁band ▁worked ▁on ▁it ▁from ▁there . ▁ ▁Rec ording ▁Mike ▁D ▁remembered ▁how ▁the ▁group ▁played ▁around ▁with ▁a ▁ 8 0 8 ▁drum ▁machine ▁during ▁the ▁Ill ▁sessions ▁and ▁Adam ▁Y auch ▁asked ▁what ▁the ▁tracks ▁would ▁sound ▁like ▁if ▁the ▁be ats ▁were ▁played ▁backwards . ▁“ Run ▁from ▁Run - D . M . C . ▁was ▁there , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁like , ▁’ Man , ▁this ▁is ▁crazy .’ ▁But ▁Y auch |
▁recorded ▁this ▁beat , ▁b ounced ▁it ▁to ▁another ▁tape , ▁fl ipped ▁it ▁around ▁— ▁this ▁is ▁pre - dig ital ▁sampling ▁— ▁and ▁b ounced ▁it ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁multi - track ▁tape ,” ▁he ▁said . ▁“ The ▁revers ed ▁beat ▁basically ▁became ▁’ Paul ▁Re vere .’ ▁Y auch ▁saw ▁this ▁thing ▁we ▁couldn ’ t ▁see ▁— ▁and ▁he ▁killed ▁it .” ▁ ▁Content ▁The ▁song ▁tells ▁a ▁fict ional ▁story ▁of ▁how ▁Ad rock , ▁Mike ▁D , ▁and ▁M CA ▁first ▁met . ▁Ad rock ▁describes ▁riding ▁through ▁the ▁desert ▁on ▁a ▁horse ▁named ▁Paul ▁Re vere , ▁also ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁a ▁horse ▁in ▁the ▁musical ▁Gu ys ▁and ▁D oll s , ▁while ▁he ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁run ▁from ▁the ▁police . ▁He ▁runs ▁into ▁M CA , ▁who ▁asks ▁him ▁for ▁a ▁drink . ▁When ▁Ad rock ▁ref uses , ▁M CA ▁pulls ▁a ▁gun ▁on ▁him ▁and ▁says , ▁" You ▁got ▁two ▁choices ▁of ▁what ▁you ▁can ▁do ... I ▁can ▁blow ▁you ▁away ▁or ▁you ▁can ▁ride ▁with ▁me ." ▁Ad rock ▁agrees , ▁saying ▁that ▁he ' ll ▁go ▁if ▁they ▁can ▁get ▁to ▁the ▁border ▁because ▁" The ▁sh er iff ' s ▁after ▁me ▁for ▁what ▁I ▁did ▁to ▁his ▁daughter ". ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁ride ▁to ▁a ▁bar ▁and ▁sit ▁down ▁next ▁to ▁Mike ▁D , ▁who ▁tells ▁them ▁he ' s ▁planning ▁to ▁rob ▁the ▁place . ▁He ▁then ▁pulls ▁out ▁his ▁guns ▁and ▁shoot |
s ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁air , ▁telling ▁the ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁bar , ▁" Your ▁cash ▁and ▁your ▁jewelry ▁is ▁what ▁I ▁expect !" ▁M CA ▁and ▁Ad rock ▁help ▁Mike ▁D ▁escape ▁with ▁the ▁money ▁and ▁jewelry , ▁first ▁causing ▁a ▁dist raction ▁and ▁then ▁helping ▁him ▁carry ▁the ▁stolen ▁goods ▁out , ▁along ▁with ▁" Two ▁girl ies ▁and ▁a ▁beer ▁that ' s ▁cold ". ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Co vers ▁L yrics ▁from ▁the ▁song ▁are ▁refer enced ▁in ▁several ▁rap ▁songs ▁by ▁other ▁artists . ▁Cy press ▁Hill ▁did ▁a ▁cover ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁called ▁" B usted ▁in ▁the ▁H ood " ▁on ▁their ▁album ▁T ill ▁Death ▁Do ▁Us ▁Part , ▁with ▁the ▁lyrics ▁changed ▁to ▁be ▁about ▁getting ▁arrested ▁for ▁drug - de aling . ▁The ▁lyrics ▁are ▁also ▁refer enced ▁several ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁song ▁" Bad ▁Gu ys ▁Always ▁Die " ▁on ▁the ▁sound track ▁to ▁the ▁film ▁Wild ▁Wild ▁West . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁covered ▁by ▁Justin ▁Tim ber l ake ▁and ▁Jimmy ▁Fall on ▁on ▁Late ▁Night ▁with ▁Jimmy ▁Fall on ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁" History ▁of ▁Rap " ▁med ley . ▁ ▁A ▁cover ▁was ▁done ▁by ▁Zach aria h ▁and ▁the ▁L ob os ▁R iders ▁in ▁a ▁country ▁sty ling ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Al cohol iday . ▁ ▁A ▁genre - b ending ▁cover ▁was ▁played ▁by ▁swing ▁band ▁The ▁As yl um ▁Street ▁Sp ank ers ▁on ▁their ▁album ▁Mer cur ial . ▁ ▁The ▁Dis |
co ▁Bis cu its ▁debut ed ▁their ▁cover ▁of ▁Paul ▁Re vere ▁on ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁Eve ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁to ▁open ▁the ▁second ▁set . ▁They ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁it ▁several ▁times ▁throughout ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁N . W . A ▁liked ▁the ▁song ▁so ▁much ▁that ▁they ▁used ▁to ▁perform ▁it ▁with ▁dirty ▁lyrics ▁early ▁in ▁their ▁career , ▁according ▁to ▁Ice ▁C ube . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁singles ▁Category : Be ast ie ▁Boys ▁songs ▁Category : S ongs ▁about ▁horses ▁Category : S ong ▁record ings ▁produced ▁by ▁Rick ▁Rub in ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Rick ▁Rub in ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Ad - R ock ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Dar ry l ▁Mc Dan iels ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Sim mons ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁songs ▁Category : Def ▁Jam ▁Record ings ▁singles <0x0A> </s> ▁Bag he h - ye ▁Sh ur ▁T appe h ▁N af as ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁B ā gh - e ▁Sh ū r ▁T appe h ▁N af as ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁B ā gh - e ▁Sh ū r ▁T appe h ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Kat ul ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁Ali abad ▁County , ▁Gol est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ |
2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 5 9 7 , ▁in ▁ 1 1 3 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Ali abad ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁S ag it tr anst illa ▁m age ana ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁m oth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁T ort ric idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Jane iro , ▁Brazil . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Category : E uli ini <0x0A> </s> ▁C rypt ob ot ys ▁is ▁a ▁mon ot yp ic ▁m oth ▁genus ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁Cr amb idae ▁described ▁by ▁Eug ene ▁G . ▁Mun roe ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁Its ▁only ▁species , ▁C rypt ob ot ys ▁zo il us alis , ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Francis ▁Walker ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 9 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Cuba , ▁Jama ica , ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁Central ▁America ▁( H ond uras , ▁Costa ▁R ica , ▁Mexico ) ▁and ▁the ▁southern ▁United ▁States , ▁where ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁from ▁Florida . ▁ ▁Adult s ▁are ▁cin ere ous ▁( ash ▁gray ) ▁with ▁wh it ish ▁interior ▁and ▁exterior ▁lines , ▁slightly ▁b ordered ▁with ▁brown ish . ▁The ▁marginal ▁line ▁is ▁brown ish . ▁Adult s ▁have ▁been ▁recorded ▁on ▁wing ▁from ▁February ▁to ▁August ▁and ▁from ▁November ▁to ▁December ▁in ▁Florida . ▁ ▁The ▁l ar va e ▁feed |
▁on ▁X anth ium ▁str um arium . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Sp il om el ina e ▁Category : Cr amb idae ▁gener a ▁Category : Mon ot yp ic ▁m oth ▁gener a ▁Category : Tax a ▁named ▁by ▁Eug ene ▁G . ▁Mun roe <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁economy ▁of ▁E sw at ini ▁is ▁fairly ▁divers ified . ▁Agricult ure , ▁forest ry ▁and ▁mining ▁account ▁for ▁about ▁ 1 3 ▁percent ▁of ▁E sw at ini ' s ▁G DP ▁whereas ▁manufacturing ▁( text iles ▁and ▁sugar - related ▁processing ) ▁represent ▁ 3 7 ▁percent ▁of ▁G DP . ▁Services – ▁with ▁government ▁services ▁in ▁the ▁lead – ▁const itute ▁the ▁other ▁ 5 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁G DP . ▁ ▁Agricult ure ▁Title ▁De ed ▁lands ), ▁where ▁the ▁bulk ▁of ▁high - value ▁crops ▁are ▁grown ▁( s ugar , ▁forest ry , ▁and ▁cit rus ) ▁are ▁characterized ▁by ▁high ▁levels ▁of ▁investment ▁and ▁irr igation , ▁and ▁high ▁productivity . ▁Nevertheless , ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁population – ▁about ▁ 7 5 ▁percent — is ▁employed ▁in ▁subs istence ▁agriculture ▁on ▁Sw azi ▁Nation ▁Land , ▁which , ▁in ▁contrast , ▁suff ers ▁from ▁low ▁productivity ▁and ▁investment . ▁This ▁dual ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁Sw azi ▁economy , ▁with ▁high ▁productivity ▁in ▁text ile ▁manufacturing ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁industrial ized ▁agricultural ▁title ▁de ed ▁lands ▁on ▁the ▁one ▁hand , ▁and ▁decl ining ▁productivity ▁subs istence ▁agriculture ▁on ▁Sw |
azi ▁Nation ▁Land ▁on ▁the ▁other , ▁may ▁well ▁explain ▁the ▁country ’ s ▁overall ▁low ▁growth , ▁high ▁inequality ▁and ▁unemployment . ▁ ▁Economic ▁growth ▁Economic ▁growth ▁in ▁E sw at ini ▁has ▁lag ged ▁behind ▁that ▁of ▁its ▁neighbors . ▁Real ▁G DP ▁growth ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁has ▁aver aged ▁ 2 . 8 ▁percent , ▁nearly ▁ 2 ▁percentage ▁points ▁lower ▁than ▁growth ▁in ▁other ▁Southern ▁African ▁Custom s ▁Union ▁( S AC U ) ▁member ▁countries . ▁Low ▁agricultural ▁productivity ▁in ▁the ▁Sw azi ▁nation ▁lands , ▁repeated ▁d rought s , ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁HIV / A IDS , ▁and ▁an ▁over ly ▁large ▁and ▁in efficient ▁government ▁sector ▁are ▁likely ▁contributing ▁factors . ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁public ▁fin ances ▁deter ior ated ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁following ▁size able ▁sur pl uses ▁a ▁decade ▁earlier . ▁A ▁combination ▁of ▁decl ining ▁reven ues ▁and ▁increased ▁spending ▁led ▁to ▁significant ▁budget ▁def ic its . ▁The ▁considerable ▁spending ▁has ▁not ▁led ▁to ▁more ▁economic ▁growth ▁and ▁has ▁not ▁benef itted ▁the ▁poor ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁extent ▁as ▁regional ▁compar ators , ▁although ▁the ▁poverty ▁head count ▁has ▁shifted ▁slightly ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁decade ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁( SH IES ▁ 2 0 1 0 ). ▁Much ▁of ▁the ▁increased ▁spending ▁has ▁gone ▁to ▁current ▁expend it ures ▁related ▁to ▁wages , ▁trans fers , ▁and ▁subs id ies . ▁The ▁wage ▁bill |
▁today ▁const itutes ▁over ▁ 1 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁G DP ▁and ▁ 5 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁total ▁public ▁spending ; ▁these ▁are ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁highest ▁levels ▁on ▁the ▁African ▁continent . ▁The ▁recent ▁rapid ▁growth ▁in ▁S AC U ▁reven ues ▁has , ▁however , ▁revers ed ▁the ▁fiscal ▁situation , ▁and ▁a ▁size able ▁sur plus ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 / 0 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 / 1 3 . ▁S AC U ▁reven ues ▁today ▁account ▁for ▁over ▁ 5 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁total ▁government ▁reven ues . ▁On ▁the ▁positive ▁side , ▁the ▁external ▁debt ▁burden ▁has ▁declined ▁marked ly ▁over ▁the ▁last ▁ 2 0 ▁years , ▁and ▁domestic ▁debt ▁is ▁almost ▁negl igible ; ▁external ▁debt ▁as ▁a ▁percent ▁of ▁G DP ▁was ▁less ▁than ▁ 2 0 ▁percent ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Trade ▁partners ▁The ▁Sw azi ▁economy ▁is ▁very ▁closely ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁economy ▁of ▁South ▁Africa , ▁from ▁which ▁it ▁receives ▁over ▁ 9 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁its ▁imports ▁and ▁to ▁which ▁it ▁sends ▁about ▁ 7 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁its ▁exports . ▁E sw at ini ▁has ▁great ▁resources ▁making ▁a ▁good ▁trading ▁partner . ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁other ▁key ▁trading ▁partners ▁are ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁the ▁EU , ▁from ▁whom ▁the ▁country ▁has ▁received ▁trade ▁preferences ▁for ▁app arel ▁exports ▁( under ▁the ▁African ▁Grow th ▁and ▁Op portun ity ▁Act – ▁A GO A |
– ▁to ▁the ▁US ) ▁and ▁for ▁sugar ▁( to ▁the ▁EU ). ▁Under ▁these ▁agreements , ▁both ▁app arel ▁and ▁sugar ▁exports ▁did ▁well , ▁with ▁rapid ▁growth ▁and ▁a ▁strong ▁infl ow ▁of ▁foreign ▁direct ▁investment . ▁Text ile ▁exports ▁grew ▁by ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁percent ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁sugar ▁exports ▁increasing ▁by ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 ▁percent ▁over ▁the ▁same ▁period . ▁The ▁continued ▁vibr ancy ▁of ▁the ▁export ▁sector ▁is ▁threatened ▁by ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁trade ▁preferences ▁for ▁text iles , ▁the ▁acc ession ▁to ▁similar ▁preferences ▁for ▁East ▁Asian ▁countries , ▁and ▁the ▁ph asing ▁out ▁of ▁prefer ential ▁prices ▁for ▁sugar ▁to ▁the ▁EU ▁market . ▁E sw at ini ▁will ▁thus ▁have ▁to ▁face ▁the ▁challenge ▁of ▁remaining ▁competitive ▁in ▁a ▁changing ▁global ▁environment . ▁A ▁crucial ▁factor ▁in ▁addressing ▁this ▁challenge ▁is ▁the ▁investment ▁climate . ▁The ▁recently ▁concluded ▁Invest ment ▁Cl imate ▁Ass essment ▁provides ▁some ▁positive ▁findings ▁in ▁this ▁regard , ▁namely ▁that ▁E sw at ini ▁firms ▁are ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁productive ▁in ▁Sub - S ah aran ▁Africa , ▁although ▁they ▁are ▁less ▁productive ▁than ▁firms ▁in ▁the ▁most ▁productive ▁middle - inc ome ▁countries ▁in ▁other ▁regions . ▁They ▁compare ▁more ▁favor ably ▁with ▁firms ▁from ▁lower ▁middle ▁income ▁countries , ▁but ▁are ▁ham per ed ▁by ▁in ade quate ▁govern ance ▁arrangements ▁and ▁infrastructure . ▁ ▁E sw at ini , ▁Les oth o , |
▁Bot sw ana , ▁Nam ib ia , ▁and ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁South ▁Africa ▁form ▁the ▁Southern ▁African ▁Custom s ▁Union ▁( S AC U ), ▁where ▁import ▁duties ▁apply ▁uniform ly ▁to ▁member ▁countries . ▁E sw at ini , ▁Les oth o , ▁Nam ib ia , ▁and ▁South ▁Africa ▁also ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Common ▁Mon etary ▁Area ▁( C MA ) ▁in ▁which ▁rep atri ation ▁and ▁unre str icted ▁funds ▁are ▁permitted . ▁E sw at ini ▁issues ▁its ▁own ▁currency , ▁the ▁l il ang eni ▁( pl ural : ▁em al ang eni ), ▁which ▁is ▁at ▁par ▁with ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁rand . ▁ ▁In frastructure ▁E sw at ini ▁enjo ys ▁well - develop ed ▁road ▁links ▁with ▁South ▁Africa . ▁Sw azi ▁Rail ▁operates ▁its ▁rail ro ads ▁that ▁run ▁east ▁to ▁west ▁and ▁north ▁to ▁south . ▁The ▁older ▁east - west ▁link , ▁called ▁the ▁G oba ▁line , ▁makes ▁it ▁possible ▁to ▁export ▁bulk ▁goods ▁from ▁E sw at ini ▁through ▁the ▁Port ▁of ▁Map uto ▁in ▁Moz amb ique . ▁Until ▁recently , ▁most ▁of ▁E sw at ini ' s ▁imports ▁were ▁shipped ▁through ▁this ▁port . ▁Conf lict ▁in ▁Moz amb ique ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁di verted ▁many ▁Sw azi ▁exports ▁to ▁ports ▁in ▁South ▁Africa . ▁A ▁north - s outh ▁rail ▁link , ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁provides ▁a ▁connection ▁between ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Trans va al |
▁( now ▁M p um al anga ) ▁rail ▁network ▁and ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁ports ▁of ▁Rich ards ▁Bay ▁and ▁Dur ban . ▁From ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 8 0 s ▁foreign ▁investment ▁in ▁the ▁manufacturing ▁sector ▁boost ed ▁economic ▁growth ▁rates ▁significantly . ▁Since ▁mid - 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁de pre ci ated ▁value ▁of ▁the ▁currency ▁has ▁increased ▁the ▁compet it iveness ▁of ▁Sw azi ▁exports ▁and ▁moder ated ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁imports , ▁generating ▁trade ▁sur pl uses . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁the ▁country ▁often ▁ran ▁small ▁trade ▁def ic its . ▁ ▁Sugar ▁industry ▁E sw at ini ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁largest ▁producer ▁of ▁sugar ▁in ▁Africa ▁and ▁is ▁ 2 5 th ▁in ▁production ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁This ▁demonstr ates ▁the ▁immense ▁focus ▁of ▁the ▁industry ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁continue ▁to ▁grow ▁their ▁economy . ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁G DP ▁was ▁$ 8 . 6 2 1 ▁billion ▁( US ▁dollars ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁based ▁on ▁purchasing ▁power ▁par ity ▁and ▁of ▁that ▁ 7 . 2 % ▁of ▁that ▁is ▁from ▁the ▁agriculture ▁sector ▁and ▁of ▁that ▁sector , ▁sugar c ane ▁and ▁sugar ▁products ▁have ▁the ▁largest ▁impact ▁on ▁G DP . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁World ▁CIA ▁F act book , ▁wood ▁pul p ▁and ▁sugar c ane ▁were ▁the ▁largest ▁exports ▁of ▁E sw at ini ▁until ▁the ▁wood ▁pul p ▁producer ▁closed ▁in ▁January ▁ |
2 0 1 0 . ▁This ▁left ▁the ▁sugar c ane ▁industry ▁as ▁the ▁sole ▁main ▁export . ▁The ▁largest ▁company ▁that ▁produces ▁sugar ▁in ▁E sw at ini ▁is ▁the ▁Royal ▁Sw az il and ▁Sugar ▁Corporation ▁( R SS C ) ▁and ▁it ▁produces ▁a ▁little ▁under ▁two - third s ▁of ▁total ▁sugar ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁and ▁produces ▁over ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁jobs ▁for ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁E sw at ini . ▁ ▁The ▁R SS C ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁two ▁main ▁sugar ▁mill ▁producers , ▁M hl ume ▁and ▁Sim un ye , ▁which ▁produce ▁a ▁combined ▁ 4 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁tons ▁of ▁can e ▁per ▁season . ▁The ▁second ▁largest ▁sugar c ane ▁company ▁is ▁U b om bo ▁Sugar ▁Limited ▁which ▁has ▁grown ▁from ▁producing ▁ 5 , 6 0 0 ▁tons ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁to ▁approximately ▁ 2 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁tons ▁of ▁sugar ▁annually . ▁The ▁third ▁largest ▁sugar c ane ▁producer ▁is ▁the ▁Tamb ank ulu ▁Estate ▁( larg est ▁independent ▁sugar ▁estate ) ▁and ▁it ▁produces ▁ 6 2 , 0 0 0 ▁tons ▁of ▁sugar ▁annually ▁on ▁ 3 , 8 1 6 ▁he ct ares ▁of ▁land . ▁▁ ▁The ▁largest ▁export ▁partners ▁of ▁E sw at ini ▁and ▁the ▁larger ▁Southern ▁African ▁Development ▁Community ▁( S ADC ) ▁is ▁the ▁European ▁Union . ▁The ▁S ADC ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁many ▁southern ▁African ▁countries ▁who ▁have ▁band |
ed ▁together ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁improve ▁their ▁individual ▁soc io econom ic ▁status . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 5 ▁the ▁sugar ▁production ▁of ▁E sw at ini ▁was ▁ 6 8 0 , 8 8 1 ▁metric ▁tons ▁and ▁of ▁this ▁about ▁ 3 5 5 , 0 0 0 ▁metric ▁tons ▁of ▁sugar ▁was ▁shipped ▁to ▁the ▁European ▁Union , ▁larger ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁export ▁partner . ▁Another ▁trade ▁partner ▁for ▁E sw at ini ▁was ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁where ▁they ▁shipped ▁ 3 4 , 0 0 0 ▁metric ▁tons ▁of ▁sugar ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 5 ▁year ▁under ▁the ▁Tar iff ▁Rate ▁Qu ota . ▁These ▁numbers ▁are ▁up ▁from ▁past ▁years ▁and ▁continue ▁to ▁rise . ▁The ▁expected ▁output ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 6 ▁post ▁forecast ▁predictions ▁are ▁that ▁E sw at ini ▁will ▁produce ▁ 7 0 5 , 0 0 0 ▁metric ▁tons , ▁a ▁new ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁country ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁attributed ▁to ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁land ▁being ▁available ▁for ▁sugar ▁cultiv ation . ▁ ▁Of ▁this ▁predicted ▁figure ▁about ▁ 3 9 0 , 0 0 0 ▁metric ▁tons ▁will ▁go ▁to ▁the ▁European ▁Union ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁Economic ▁Part nership ▁Agreement ▁( E PA ). ▁This ▁new ▁agreement ▁between ▁the ▁EU ▁and ▁S ADC ▁means ▁that ▁members ▁like ▁E sw at ini ▁can ▁sell ▁their ▁sugar ▁on ▁a |
▁duty - free ▁and ▁qu ota - free ▁basis . ▁ ▁The ▁quot as ▁that ▁the ▁EU ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁fill ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁Sugar ▁Protocol ▁which ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁The ▁goal ▁of ▁the ▁Sugar ▁Protocol ▁was ▁for ▁the ▁EU ▁to ▁purchase ▁and ▁import ▁specific ▁quantities ▁from ▁countries ▁in ▁Africa , ▁the ▁Caribbean ▁and ▁the ▁Pacific . ▁These ▁prices ▁and ▁quantities ▁guaranteed ▁production ▁and ▁were ▁well ▁above ▁the ▁world ▁price , ▁which ▁translated ▁into ▁substantial ▁profits ▁for ▁these ▁mostly ▁imp over ished ▁countries . ▁▁ ▁This ▁agreement ▁reached ▁an ▁end ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁because ▁the ▁EU ▁could ▁no ▁longer ▁support ▁the ▁pre - det erm ined ▁demands . ▁The ▁Sugar ▁Protocol ▁came ▁to ▁an ▁immediate ▁end ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁with ▁separate ▁Economic ▁Part nership s ▁with ▁the ▁varying ▁countries ▁and ▁regions . ▁Even ▁though ▁the ▁demands ▁will ▁be ▁just ▁as ▁high ▁as ▁under ▁the ▁Sugar ▁Protocol , ▁the ▁prices ▁will ▁drop ▁significantly . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁E sw at ini , ▁they ▁have ▁received ▁good ▁reass urance ▁that ▁their ▁product ▁will ▁still ▁be ▁bought ▁by ▁the ▁EU . ▁ ▁Min ing ▁ ▁Currently , ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁mineral ▁sector ▁is ▁governed ▁under ▁a ▁policy ▁drawn ▁up ▁prior ▁to ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁independence . ▁In ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁sector ’ s ▁recent ▁decline , ▁a ▁new ▁mining ▁policy ▁is ▁being ▁draft ed ▁by ▁consult ants , ▁paid ▁for ▁by ▁a ▁grant ▁from ▁China , ▁and ▁legislation |
▁to ▁facilitate ▁small - scale ▁mining ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁proposed . ▁ ▁The ▁country ’ s ▁main ▁source ▁of ▁foreign ▁exchange ▁is ▁the ▁B ule mb u ▁as best os ▁mine , ▁however ▁production ▁has ▁hit ▁a ▁steep ▁decline . ▁Diamond , ▁iron ▁ore ▁and ▁gold ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁past , ▁however ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁investment ▁and ▁development ▁policy ▁has ▁seen ▁the ▁region ’ s ▁potential ▁fal ter . ▁ ▁Although ▁fewer ▁than ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁Sw az is ▁are ▁directly ▁employed ▁in ▁the ▁mining ▁sector , ▁many ▁workers ▁from ▁E sw at ini ▁processed ▁tim ber ▁from ▁the ▁country ' s ▁extensive ▁pine ▁populations ▁for ▁mines ▁in ▁South ▁Africa , ▁and ▁around ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 – 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁Sw az is ▁were ▁employed ▁in ▁South ▁African ▁mines . ▁Their ▁contributions ▁to ▁E sw at ini ' s ▁economy ▁through ▁wage ▁rep atri ation ▁have ▁been ▁dimin ished , ▁though , ▁by ▁the ▁collapse ▁of ▁the ▁international ▁gold ▁market ▁and ▁lay offs ▁in ▁South ▁Africa .< ref > [ http :// www . n ations ency cl op edia . com / A frica / Sw az il and - MIN ING . html ▁▁ ▁En cycl op edia ▁of ▁the ▁Nations , ▁" Sw az il and ▁- ▁Min ing ", ▁En cycl op edia ▁of ▁the ▁Nations '] </ ref > ▁ ▁Other ▁economic ▁statistics ▁The ▁following ▁table ▁shows ▁the ▁main ▁economic ▁indic ators ▁in ▁ 1 |
9 8 0 – 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁House hold ▁income ▁or ▁consumption ▁by ▁percentage ▁share : low est ▁ 1 0 % : 1 . 6 % h ig hest ▁ 1 0 % : 4 0 . 7 % ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Industrial ▁production ▁growth ▁rate : ▁ 1 % ▁( 2 0 0 1 ▁est .) ▁ ▁Electric ity – ▁production : ▁ 4 7 0 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁ 4 2 0 ▁G Wh ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Electric ity – ▁consumption : ▁ 1 , 2 0 7 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁ 9 6 2 . 9 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁ 1 . 0 7 8 ▁G Wh ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Electric ity – ▁exports : ▁ 0 ▁k Wh ▁( 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Electric ity – ▁imports : ▁ 7 6 8 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 9 ), ▁ 6 3 9 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁ 6 8 7 ▁G Wh ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) note : '' ▁imports ▁about ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁its ▁electricity ▁from ▁South ▁Africa ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Cur rency : ▁ 1 ▁l il ang eni ▁( E ) ▁= ▁ |
1 0 0 ▁cents ▁ ▁Exchange ▁rates : ▁em al ang eni ▁( E ) ▁per ▁US $ 1 – ▁ 7 . 3 ▁( 2 0 1 1 ), ▁ 7 . 3 2 ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁ 8 . 4 2 ▁( 2 0 0 9 ), ▁ 7 . 7 5 ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁ 7 . 4 ▁( 2 0 0 7 ), ▁ 1 0 . 5 4 0 7 ▁( 2 0 0 2 ), ▁ 8 . 6 0 9 2 ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁ 6 . 9 3 9 8 ▁( 2 0 0 0 ), ▁ 6 . 1 0 8 7 ▁( 1 9 9 9 ), ▁ 5 . 4 8 0 7 ▁( 1 9 9 8 ), ▁ 4 . 6 0 3 2 ▁( 1 9 9 7 ), ▁ 4 . 2 7 0 6 ▁( 1 9 9 6 ), ▁ 3 . 6 2 6 6 ▁( 1 9 9 5 ); ▁note – ▁the ▁Lil ang eni ▁is ▁at ▁par ▁with ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁rand ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Econom y ▁of ▁Africa ▁ ▁E sw at ini ▁ ▁United ▁Nations ▁Economic ▁Commission ▁for ▁Africa ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁web . world bank . org ▁ ▁Sw az il and ▁latest ▁trade ▁data ▁on ▁I TC ▁Trade ▁Map ▁ ▁CIA ▁World ▁F act book : ▁Sw az il and ▁ ▁MB |
end i ▁Sw az il and ▁overview ▁ ▁Sw az ib us iness . com ▁ ▁E sw at ini ▁E sw at ini <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁S event h ▁Senate ▁District ▁of ▁Connecticut ▁elect s ▁one ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Connecticut ▁Senate . ▁Its ▁current ▁Senator ▁is ▁Republican ▁John ▁Kiss el , ▁who ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁The ▁district ▁is ▁centered ▁on ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁En field ▁and ▁also ▁ ▁contains ▁the ▁towns ▁of ▁S uff ield , ▁Wind sor ▁L ocks , ▁East ▁Gran by , ▁Som ers ▁and ▁parts ▁of ▁Gran by ▁and ▁Wind sor . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁representatives ▁ ▁Recent ▁elections ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Google ▁M aps ▁- ▁Connecticut ▁Senate ▁District s ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Conne cticut ▁State ▁Senate ▁districts <0x0A> </s> ▁W L MX ▁( 1 0 6 . 1 ▁FM ) ▁is ▁a ▁radio ▁station ▁licensed ▁to ▁O ke ech ob ee , ▁Florida , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁BM Z ▁Broad cast ing , ▁LLC . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁L MX ▁( FM ) ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁K ava ▁H ui h ah au ▁( born ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁T ong an ▁former ▁international ▁football er ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁def ender . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 0 |
3 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁won ▁ 1 0 ▁caps ▁for ▁the ▁T ong a ▁national ▁football ▁team . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : T ong a ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁defend ers ▁Category : T ong an ▁football ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Met ropolitan ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁public - use ▁airport ▁located ▁in ▁B room field , ▁Colorado , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁The ▁airport ▁is ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁Jefferson ▁County ▁and ▁is ▁situated ▁mid way ▁between ▁Denver ▁and ▁B ould er ▁on ▁U . S . ▁Highway ▁ 3 6 . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁sixteen ▁miles ▁north west ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁business ▁district ▁of ▁Denver , ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁closest ▁airport ▁to ▁downtown ▁Denver . ▁The ▁airport ▁covers ▁ ▁and ▁has ▁three ▁run ways . ▁Former ly ▁known ▁as ▁Jefferson ▁County ▁Airport ▁or ▁Jeff co ▁Airport , ▁the ▁airport ▁was ▁renamed ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Met ropolitan ▁Airport ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁although ▁it ▁is ▁sometimes ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Regional ▁Airport , ▁e . g . ▁ 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 1 2 ▁county ▁planning ▁documents . ▁ ▁This ▁airport ▁is ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Plan ▁of ▁Integr ated ▁Airport ▁Systems ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 5 , ▁which ▁categor ized ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁relie ver |
▁airport . ▁It ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁a ▁large ▁general ▁av iation ▁population ▁including ▁a ▁fair ▁amount ▁of ▁corporate ▁traffic ▁and ▁several ▁flight ▁schools . ▁The ▁airport ' s ▁proxim ity ▁to ▁the ▁nearby ▁Inter lock en ▁business ▁district ▁cont ributes ▁to ▁its ▁business ▁travel er ▁client ele . ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁control ▁tower ▁on ▁ 1 1 8 . 6 ▁( Local ) ▁and ▁ 1 2 1 . 7 ▁( G round ) ▁that ▁is ▁open ▁from ▁ 0 6 0 0 ▁to ▁ 2 2 0 0 ▁local ▁time . ▁ ▁AT IS / AW OS ▁broadcast s ▁on ▁ 1 2 6 . 2 5 . ▁There ▁are ▁three ▁run ways ▁- ▁ 1 2 / 3 0 ▁Left ▁and ▁Right ▁and ▁ 3 / 2 1 . ▁The ▁run way ▁numbers ▁were ▁changed ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁to ▁reflect ▁a ▁change ▁in ▁magnetic ▁variation . ▁One ▁fixed - base ▁operator ▁( F BO ) ▁offers ▁fuel ▁and ▁other ▁services . ▁ ▁Two ▁restaurants , ▁E ' s ▁Just ▁Good ▁E ats ▁and ▁Blue ▁Sky ▁B istro , ▁are ▁on ▁the ▁field , ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁pilot ' s ▁l ounge ▁in ▁the ▁Sign ature ▁F BO ▁and ▁a ▁passenger ▁terminal ▁lobby . ▁The ▁Hill top ▁Inn , ▁a ▁bed ▁& ▁breakfast , ▁and ▁its ▁companion ▁restaurant , ▁The ▁Burn s ▁Pub ▁& ▁Restaur ant ▁(" aut hentic ▁British ▁pub ▁fare "), ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁property . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 |
1 2 ▁the ▁Federal ▁A vi ation ▁Administration ▁dedicated ▁a ▁new ▁$ 2 3 . 7 ▁million , ▁state - of - the - art ▁airport ▁traffic ▁control ▁tower , ▁located ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁airport ▁run ways . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁facility ▁includes ▁a ▁ 1 2 4 - foot - t all ▁control ▁tower ▁to pped ▁by ▁a ▁ 5 2 5 - square - foot ▁tower ▁cab ▁with ▁four ▁air ▁traffic ▁controller ▁positions ▁and ▁one ▁super visor ▁position . ▁ ▁A ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁square - foot , ▁single - story ▁base ▁building ▁houses ▁administrative ▁offices , ▁training ▁rooms , ▁and ▁equipment ▁rooms . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁and ▁aircraft ▁▁ ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Met ropolitan ▁Airport ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 , 7 0 0 ▁acres ▁( 6 8 8 ▁ha ) ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 5 , 6 7 3 ▁feet ▁( 1 , 7 2 9 ▁m ) ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁It ▁has ▁three ▁as ph alt ▁p aved ▁run ways : ▁ 1 2 L / 3 0 R ▁is ▁ 9 , 0 0 0 ▁by ▁ 1 0 0 ▁feet ▁( 2 , 7 4 3 ▁x ▁ 3 0 ▁m ); ▁ 1 2 R / 3 0 L ▁is ▁ 7 , 0 0 2 ▁by ▁ 7 5 ▁feet ▁( 2 , 1 3 4 ▁x ▁ 2 3 ▁m ); ▁ 3 / 2 1 ▁is ▁ 3 , 6 0 0 ▁by ▁ |
7 5 ▁feet ▁( 1 , 0 9 7 ▁x ▁ 2 3 ▁m ). ▁ ▁The ▁airport ' s ▁three ▁run ways , ▁previously ▁ 1 1 L / 2 9 R , ▁ 1 1 R / 2 9 L , ▁and ▁ 2 / 2 0 , ▁were ▁re number ed ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁align ▁them ▁with ▁magnetic ▁directions . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁the ▁primary ▁run way ▁( 1 2 L / 3 0 R ) ▁under w ent ▁an ▁$ 8 . 8 3 ▁million ▁renov ation . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁ 1 2 - month ▁period ▁ending ▁September ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁airport ▁had ▁ 1 7 5 , 7 5 9 ▁aircraft ▁operations , ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 4 8 2 ▁per ▁day : ▁ 9 2 % ▁general ▁av iation , ▁ 4 % ▁air ▁taxi , ▁ 3 % ▁military ▁and ▁< 1 % ▁air ▁carrier . ▁At ▁that ▁time ▁there ▁were ▁ 3 6 0 ▁aircraft ▁based ▁at ▁this ▁airport : ▁ 7 0 % ▁single - engine , ▁ 1 7 % ▁multi - engine , ▁ 9 % ▁jet , ▁and ▁ 4 % ▁helic opter . ▁ ▁Currently , ▁two ▁F ixed ▁Based ▁Oper ators ▁( F BO ) s ▁operate ▁at ▁the ▁airport : ▁Sign ature ▁Flight ▁Support ▁and ▁She lt air . ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Forest ▁Service ▁also ▁maint ains ▁its ▁Jefferson ▁County |
▁T ank er ▁Base ▁at ▁the ▁airport , ▁and ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Pil atus ▁Air craft ▁broke ▁ground ▁on ▁a ▁new ▁ 1 8 8 , 0 0 0 ▁sq . ▁ft . ▁North ▁American ▁completion ▁center ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁PC - 2 4 ▁business ▁jet . ▁The ▁facility ▁became ▁fully ▁operational ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Airlines ▁and ▁destination ▁ ▁The ▁airport ▁currently ▁has ▁no ▁scheduled ▁air line ▁flights . ▁The ▁airport ▁was ▁formerly ▁a ▁hub ▁for ▁Pet ▁Air ways ▁before ▁ce asing ▁all ▁flights ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁Denver ▁Air ▁Connection ▁operated ▁by ▁Key ▁L ime ▁Air ▁also ▁operated ▁from ▁R M MA ▁to ▁Grand ▁Jun ction ▁before ▁consolid ating ▁their ▁operations ▁for ▁the ▁Denver - Gr and ▁Jun ction ▁route ▁to ▁Cent ennial ▁Airport ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Current ▁Develop ments ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Pil atus ▁Air craft ▁officially ▁launched ▁operations ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁newly ▁constructed ▁hang ar ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁south west ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁air field . ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁airport ▁signed ▁a ▁lease ▁agreement ▁with ▁a ▁second ▁F BO , ▁She lt Air , ▁to ▁act ▁as ▁their ▁" gate way ▁to ▁the ▁west ". ▁She lt Air ▁comm enced ▁operations ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁with ▁a ▁temporary ▁mod ular ▁building ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁East |
▁R amp ▁area . ▁Construction ▁for ▁the ▁permanent ▁building ▁and ▁hang ar ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁commence ▁Spring ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁▁▁ ▁There ▁exists ▁a ▁vac ant ▁tract ▁of ▁airport - owned ▁land ▁just ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁run ways . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁airport ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁planning ▁stages ▁to ▁develop ▁this ▁area , ▁known ▁as ▁" The ▁Ver ve ", ▁for ▁various ▁av iation ▁and ▁non - av iation ▁related ▁uses . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁air ports ▁in ▁the ▁Denver ▁area ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Met ropolitan ▁Airport ▁( off icial ▁site ) ▁ ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Met ropolitan ▁Airport ▁( B J C ) ▁at ▁Colorado ▁D OT ▁airport ▁directory ▁ ▁US DA ▁Forest ▁Service ▁Jefferson ▁County ▁T ank er ▁Base ▁ ▁Ten - Hi ▁Fly ers ▁flying ▁club ▁ ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Air show ▁ ▁Classic ▁Airport ▁Tower ▁A ▁Memory ▁ ▁[ Run way ▁Gr ill ] ▁ ▁Blue ▁Sky ▁B istro ▁ ▁Hill top ▁Inn ▁/ ▁The ▁Burn s ▁Pub ▁& ▁Restaur ant ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁AC - U - K WI K ▁information ▁for ▁K B J C ▁ ▁Category : Air ports ▁in ▁Colorado ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁B room field ▁County , ▁Colorado ▁Category : Transport ation ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Jefferson ▁County , ▁Colorado <0x0A> </s> ▁Italian ▁Cr icket ▁Federation ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁governing ▁body ▁for ▁the ▁sport ▁of ▁cricket ▁within ▁Italy . ▁They ▁are ▁responsible , ▁with ▁assistance ▁from ▁the ▁European ▁Cr |
icket ▁Council , ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁and ▁administration ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁within ▁Italy , ▁and ▁the ▁selection ▁of ▁the ▁Italian ▁national ▁cricket ▁team . ▁ ▁The ▁Italian ▁Cr icket ▁Federation ▁also ▁runs ▁an ▁academ y ▁for ▁youth ▁development ▁located ▁ 1 8 0 km ▁North ▁of ▁Rome , ▁at ▁G ros set o ▁Cr icket ▁Club . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁cricket ▁ ▁Ay ub ow an ▁M ant ua ▁CC ▁A zz ur ra ▁B olog na ▁CC ▁Castle ▁CC ▁Fi orent ina ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Cast eller ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Pa ese ▁C ey lon ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Pad ova ▁E agles ▁CC ▁E ur atom ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Gall ican o ▁Gen oa ▁CC ▁( i ▁gr if oni ) ▁Gru ppo ▁L az io ▁B . ▁S . ▁& ▁Cr icket ▁Hockey ▁Club ▁Butter fly ▁How z at ▁Cr icket ▁& ▁Sports ▁Academy ▁I B ▁CC ▁Id le ▁CC ▁Kar alis ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Lat ina ▁L anka ▁CC ▁L ions ▁B res cia ▁M are mma ▁CC ▁Mess ap ia ▁Cr icket ▁Tar anto ▁Milan ▁CC ▁Milan ▁Kings gro ve ▁CC ▁Mod ugno ▁Cr icket ▁tal ▁Bang la ▁Boys ▁CC ▁Pak Friend s ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁T rent ino ▁Al to ▁- Ad ige ▁Par ma ▁J inn ah ▁CC ▁P ian oro ▁CC ▁P . G . S . ▁Lux ▁Pol . ▁Ex c els ior ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Pol is port iva ▁C itt à 2 M ari ▁Pol is port iva |
▁G amb ass i ▁Pol is port iva ▁Univers ità ▁Tor ▁Ver g ata ▁Ren ato ▁Mor o ▁Tar anto ▁Cr icket ▁ ▁Rome ▁Bangl adesh ▁CC ▁R over eto ▁CC ▁Sin h ala ▁Sports ▁Club ▁V iter bo ▁S mit ▁Roma ▁Cent ro ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Liber t as ▁Sport ing ▁Club ▁Jud ic aria ▁Str ada i oli ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁April ia ▁The ▁Gu id izz olo ▁CC ▁T rent ino ▁CC ▁T us col ana ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Un ione ▁Pol is port iva ▁N arn ese ▁Cr icket ▁Venez ia ▁CC ▁Gard one ▁CC ▁ ▁J agu ars ▁Par ma ▁CC ▁Lux R oma ▁cricket ▁club ▁Diff end es ▁sport ing ▁club ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Italian ▁national ▁cricket ▁team ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁C ric info ▁Italy ▁ ▁Category : C rick et ▁in ▁Italy ▁Italy ▁Cr icket ▁Category : S ports ▁organizations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁Mus a ▁U z un lar ▁( born ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Turkish ▁actor . ▁U z un lar ▁acted ▁as ▁Re ş at ▁in ▁the ▁Turkish ▁TV ▁series ▁Fat mag ül ' ün ▁Su ç u ▁Ne ?. ▁He ▁played ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁different ▁roles ▁in ▁Turkish ▁TV ▁series ▁and ▁the aters . ▁He ▁then ▁port rayed ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Bah ri ▁Um man ▁in ▁the ▁TV ▁series ▁P oy raz ▁Kar ay el . ▁ ▁Theater ▁▁▁ ▁Y ü |
z le ş me ▁ ▁F ul ▁Y ap r ak al ar ı ▁ ▁Y aban ▁ ▁Hay d ut lar ▁ ▁E fr asy ab ı n ▁H ik ay eler i ▁▁ Ş ere fe ▁ 2 0 . ▁Y ü zy ı l ▁ ▁Ur fa ust ▁ ▁Film ography ▁▁ 8 . ▁G ün ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁– ▁Hay ati ▁ Ş ah i – ▁TV ▁series ▁ ▁P oy raz ▁Kar ay el ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁– ▁Bah ri ▁Um man ▁– ▁TV ▁series ▁ ▁Kar an l ı kl ar ▁ Ç i ç e ğ i ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁– ▁T ari y el ▁Bey ▁– ▁A zer ba ij ani ▁TV ▁series ▁ ▁Fat mag ül ' ün ▁Su ç u ▁Ne ? ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2 ▁– ▁Re ş at ▁Ya ş aran ▁ ▁Kurt lar ▁V ad isi : ▁Gl adio ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁ İ sk ender ▁B ü y ü k ▁ ▁Kurt lar ▁V ad isi ▁P us u ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁– ▁ İ sk ender ▁B ü y ü k ▁ ▁Ya ğ m ur ▁Z aman ı ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁– ▁L event ▁ ▁Mer do ğ lu ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Hay al ▁Kur ma ▁O y un lar ı ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 9 |
▁– ▁Anne ' s ▁Boy friend ▁ ▁N il g ün ▁( 2 ) ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁– ▁Sin an ▁ ▁A te ş ▁Dans ı ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁– ▁Sin an ▁ ▁Sü per ▁B aba ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Sin an ▁ ▁B üt ün ▁Kap ı lar ▁Kap al ı yd ı ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁ ▁Ge ç mi ş ▁Bah ar ▁M im oz al ar ı ▁– ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Mus a ▁U z un lar ▁- ▁ İ sk ender ▁B ü y ü k ▁ ▁Category : Tur k ish ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 5 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : Tur k ish ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : Tur k ish ▁male ▁stage ▁actors <0x0A> </s> ▁B rou n land ▁is ▁an ▁un inc or por ated ▁community ▁in ▁Kan aw ha ▁County , ▁West ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁The ▁community ▁der ives ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁Thomas ▁L . ▁B rou n , ▁the ▁original ▁owner ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁site . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Un inc or por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁West ▁Virginia ▁Category : Un inc or por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Kan aw ha ▁County , ▁West ▁Virginia <0x0A> </s> ▁P oc ota ▁bomb oid es ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁s yr ph id ▁fly ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁S yr ph idae . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ |
▁Category : E rist al ina e ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : In sect s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁Annie ▁Mur do ch ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁Annie ▁Mur do ch ▁ ▁Brown ▁( 1 8 5 6 – 1 9 4 5 ), ▁wife ▁of ▁Patrick ▁John ▁Mur do ch ▁and ▁grandmother ▁of ▁Ru pert ▁Mur do ch ▁Mrs ▁Annie ▁Mur do ch , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁painting ▁of ▁the ▁above , ▁by ▁George ▁Washington ▁Lam bert ▁Annie ▁Mur do ch , ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁Scottish ▁soap ▁opera ▁River ▁City ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Anna ▁Mur do ch , ▁Scottish ▁journalist ▁and ▁novel ist , ▁former ▁wife ▁of ▁business man ▁Ru pert ▁Mur do ch <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Douglas ▁and ▁M ou lt rie ▁Count ies ▁in ▁Illinois , ▁with ▁Arthur ' s ▁primary ▁street , ▁V ine ▁Street , ▁being ▁the ▁county ▁line . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 , 2 8 8 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census . ▁The ▁Arthur ▁area ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁largest ▁and ▁oldest ▁Am ish ▁community ▁in ▁Illinois , ▁which ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 0 s . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 7 , ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁approximately ▁ 3 0 0 ▁persons . ▁The ▁community ▁was ▁incorporated ▁as ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁April ▁of ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁village ▁election ▁was |
▁held ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁and ▁C . ▁G . ▁Mc Comb , ▁Matt ▁Hun s aker , ▁W . ▁H . ▁Re eder , ▁H . ▁C . ▁Jones , ▁J . ▁W . ▁S ears , ▁and ▁Nick ▁Thompson ▁were ▁elected ▁trust ees , ▁and ▁J . ▁W . ▁Barr um , ▁cl erk . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁town ▁was ▁laid ▁out ▁on ▁the ▁farms ▁of ▁M . ▁H . ▁Warren ▁on ▁the ▁M ou lt rie ▁side , ▁and ▁the ▁P end leton ▁Murphy ▁farm ▁on ▁the ▁Douglas ▁County ▁side . ▁Early ▁add itions ▁to ▁the ▁town ▁included ▁those ▁by ▁Murphy , ▁Re eves , ▁Hun s aker , ▁Gib son , ▁Warren , ▁Re eder , ▁followed ▁by ▁K ens ington , ▁Campbell , ▁Boy d , ▁Ben net , ▁Fitz jar ral d , ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁An ▁F 2 ▁torn ado ▁struck ▁two ▁miles ▁south ▁of ▁Cad well ▁and ▁moved ▁nort heast ▁four ▁miles ▁south ▁of ▁Arthur ▁on ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁It ▁lifted ▁near ▁Bour bon . ▁Twenty ▁homes , ▁six ▁barn s , ▁and ▁other ▁buildings ▁were ▁either ▁damaged ▁or ▁destroyed . ▁One ▁mobile ▁home ▁was ▁blown ▁off ▁its ▁foundation . ▁There ▁were ▁eight ▁injuries . ▁ ▁Ge ography ▁Arthur ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ ▁( 3 9 . 7 1 5 3 2 3 , ▁- 8 8 . 4 7 0 0 7 1 ). ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ |
2 0 1 0 ▁census , ▁Arthur ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁all ▁land . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 2 , 2 0 3 ▁people , ▁ 9 1 5 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 6 1 9 ▁families ▁res iding ▁in ▁the ▁village . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 1 , 7 2 6 . 7 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 6 6 4 . 5 / km ² ). ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 9 5 1 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 7 4 5 . 4 ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 2 8 6 . 9 / km ² ). ▁ ▁The ▁racial ▁makeup ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁ 9 9 . 6 4 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 0 5 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 0 . 1 8 % ▁Native ▁American , ▁ 0 . 0 5 % ▁Asian , ▁and ▁ 0 . 0 9 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His panic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 0 . 2 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 9 1 5 ▁households ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 2 8 . 7 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 5 6 . 6 % ▁were ▁married ▁couples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 7 . 9 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and |
▁ 3 2 . 3 % ▁were ▁non - f amil ies . ▁ 3 0 . 4 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 1 6 . 3 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 3 4 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 9 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁village , ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 2 3 . 3 % ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 8 % ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 4 . 2 % ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 2 3 . 2 % ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 2 1 . 3 % ▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 4 1 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females , ▁there ▁were ▁ 8 6 . 4 ▁males . ▁ ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 8 2 . 1 ▁males . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁household ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁$ 3 7 , 4 3 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁family ▁was ▁$ 4 7 , 8 2 7 . ▁M ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 3 2 |
, 3 5 8 ▁versus ▁$ 2 0 , 9 4 8 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁$ 1 9 , 6 8 3 . ▁ ▁About ▁ 4 . 6 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 6 . 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁poverty ▁line , ▁including ▁ 9 . 8 % ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 4 . 4 % ▁of ▁those ▁age ▁ 6 5 ▁or ▁over . ▁ ▁Am ish ▁community ▁The ▁village ▁of ▁Arthur ▁character izes ▁itself ▁on ▁its ▁website ▁as ▁an ▁Am ish - friendly ▁community , ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁" Pl ain ▁People " ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁and ▁surrounding ▁rural ▁town ships . ▁The ▁Am ish ▁settlement ▁near ▁Arthur ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 4 ▁and ▁had ▁ 3 0 ▁church ▁districts ▁with ▁about ▁ 1 5 0 ▁people ▁per ▁district ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Arthur ▁community ▁was ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁largest ▁Am ish ▁settlement ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁with ▁ 4 , 4 1 0 , ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Arthur ' s ▁long time ▁school ▁district ▁consolid ated ▁with ▁the ▁much ▁smaller ▁school ▁district ▁in ▁nearby ▁L oving ton , ▁Illinois . ▁High ▁school ▁students ▁from ▁both ▁towns ▁attend ▁school ▁in ▁Arthur , ▁while ▁grade ▁schools ▁are ▁maintained ▁in ▁both ▁towns . ▁The |
▁two ▁schools ▁have ▁shared ▁a ▁football ▁team ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁At wood ▁Ham mond ▁school ▁district ▁consolid ated ▁with ▁Arthur ▁L oving ton , ▁with ▁the ▁school ▁name ▁being ▁changed ▁to ▁A LA H ▁High ▁School . ▁ ▁Not able ▁people ▁▁ ▁Marg ery ▁C . ▁Carl son , ▁bot an ist ▁ ▁George ▁Cor b ett , ▁NFL ▁running ▁back ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁Arthur . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Arthur ▁village ▁website ▁ ▁Illinois ▁Am ish ▁Country ▁ ▁More ▁Information ▁about ▁Arthur , ▁IL ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Douglas ▁County , ▁Illinois ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁M ou lt rie ▁County , ▁Illinois ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Illinois ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁Category : Am ish ▁in ▁Illinois <0x0A> </s> ▁Re el ▁Talk ▁is ▁a ▁synd icated ▁weekend ▁movie ▁review ▁series ▁hosted ▁by ▁film ▁critics ▁Jeff rey ▁Ly ons ▁and ▁Al ison ▁B ail es . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁by , ▁and ▁originally ▁ran ▁exclusively ▁on , ▁W N BC , ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁NBC ▁affiliate . ▁ ▁A irt imes ▁The ▁show ▁initially ▁a ired ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁NBC ▁All ▁Night ▁on ▁Fr idays ▁and ▁S atur days . ▁ ▁The ▁show ▁usually ▁a ired ▁at ▁ 4 : 0 0 ▁a . m . ▁on ▁late ▁Friday ▁nights ▁and / or ▁late |
▁Saturday ▁nights ▁at ▁ 2 : 0 0 ▁a . m . ▁ ▁It ▁then ▁launched ▁into ▁synd ication ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁via ▁NBC ▁Universal ▁Dom estic ▁Television ▁Distribution . ▁ ▁The ▁program ▁In ▁W ine ▁Country ▁took ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁Re el ▁Talk ▁on ▁the ▁NBC ▁All ▁Night ▁schedule . ▁ ▁Production ▁and ▁website ▁The ▁show ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁W N BC . ▁Michael ▁Av ila ▁was ▁Executive ▁Produ cer ▁of ▁Re el ▁Talk . ▁ ▁In ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ▁show ' s ▁synd icated ▁debut , ▁an ▁interactive ▁website ▁www . Re el T alk TV . com ▁was ▁simultaneously ▁launched , ▁offering ▁viewers ▁video ▁reviews , ▁extended ▁interviews ▁with ▁cele brit ies , ▁special ▁web ▁only ▁features ▁and ▁trail ers . ▁ ▁Cele br ity ▁guests ▁Past ▁cele brit ies ▁on ▁the ▁show ▁have ▁been : ▁Sean ▁Penn ▁Jud i ▁Den ch ▁Kirk ▁Douglas ▁Donald ▁S uther land ▁K ie fer ▁S uther land ▁ ▁Antonio ▁B ander as ▁Pier ce ▁B ros nan ▁Samuel ▁L . ▁Jackson ▁Morgan ▁Fre eman ▁George ▁C lo oney ▁Forest ▁Whit aker ▁ ▁C ancell ation ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁NBC ▁Universal ▁announced ▁the ▁cancellation ▁of ▁Re el ▁Talk ▁due ▁to ▁Jeff rey ▁Ly ons ▁and ▁Al ison ▁B ail es ▁losing ▁their ▁jobs ▁with ▁W N BC . ▁The ▁last ▁edition ▁of ▁Re el ▁Talk ▁a ired ▁in ▁late ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ |
▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Fil m ▁criticism ▁television ▁series ▁Category : First - run ▁synd icated ▁television ▁programs ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : Tele vision ▁series ▁by ▁Universal ▁Television <0x0A> </s> ▁Project ▁X ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁independently ▁made ▁color ▁science ▁fiction ▁film , ▁produced ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁William ▁Castle , ▁star ring ▁Christopher ▁George , ▁Gre ta ▁Bald win , ▁Henry ▁Jones , ▁and ▁Monte ▁Mark ham . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁distributed ▁by ▁Param ount ▁Pictures ▁and ▁is ▁adapted ▁from ▁the ▁science ▁fiction ▁novels ▁The ▁Art ificial ▁Man ▁and ▁Psych oge ist ▁by ▁L . ▁P . ▁Dav ies . ▁The ▁script ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Ed mund ▁Morris ▁and ▁had ▁special ▁sequences ▁animated ▁by ▁H anna - Bar ber a . ▁▁ ▁Project ▁X s ▁story ▁echo es ▁some ▁ge opol it ical ▁themes ▁of ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁such ▁as ▁over pop ulation , ▁emerging ▁genetic ▁engineering , ▁biological ▁war fare , ▁and ▁fear ▁of ▁Asian ▁domin ance . ▁It ▁mix es ▁in ▁science ▁fiction ▁concepts ▁like ▁h olog raph ic ▁devices , ▁memory ▁manip ulation ▁and ▁viewing , ▁and ▁virtual ▁environments ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁story ▁about ▁fut ur istic ▁esp ion age . ▁ ▁Plot ▁H agen ▁Arnold ▁( Christ opher ▁George ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁spy |
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