text
stringlengths 505
4.3k
|
|---|
▁regret ▁sharing ▁a ▁platform ▁with ▁Gh osh ▁and ▁that ▁Gh osh ▁was ▁not ▁Islam oph ob ic . ▁The ▁Muslim ▁Council ▁of ▁Britain ▁condem ned ▁parliament ▁for ▁wel coming ▁" a ▁man ▁who ▁tr ades ▁in ▁propag ating ▁hatred ▁against ▁Muslims ▁in ▁India ." ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁October , ▁Labour ▁MP ▁Naz ▁Shah ▁wrote ▁to ▁Home ▁Secretary ▁A mber ▁R udd ▁asking ▁why ▁Gh osh ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁UK ▁visa . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁The ▁Muslim ▁Council ▁of ▁Britain ▁wrote ▁to ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Party ▁calling ▁for ▁an ▁urgent ▁in quiry ▁following ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁alleg ations ▁of ▁Islam oph ob ia . ▁A ▁Conservative ▁coun c ill or ▁Stephen ▁Ar d ley ▁had ▁been ▁suspended ▁after ▁he ▁alleg edly ▁posted ▁Islam oph ob ic ▁comments ▁about ▁the ▁Mayor ▁of ▁London , ▁S adi q ▁Khan . ▁Ar d ley ▁had ▁said ▁it ▁was ▁" un bel iev able " ▁that ▁a ▁Muslim ▁had ▁been ▁elected ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁describe ▁those ▁who ▁voted ▁for ▁him ▁as ▁" bl ind ". ▁The ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁formal ▁in quiry ▁into ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁in ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Party ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁former ▁T ory ▁cabinet ▁minister ▁Say eed a ▁Wars i ▁as ▁being ▁" long ▁over due ". ▁In ▁fact , ▁in ▁recent ▁poll ing , ▁date ▁shows ▁that ▁ 6 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁party ▁believes ▁that ▁Islam ▁is ▁a ▁general ▁threat ▁to ▁the ▁well - being ▁of ▁Western ▁civilization . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁media ▁ ▁The ▁British |
▁media ▁began ▁ad op ting ▁the ▁term ▁' I sl am oph ob ia ' ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁rise ▁in ▁negative ▁feelings ▁towards ▁the ▁Muslim ▁community . ▁A ▁report ▁from ▁the ▁R unn ym ede ▁Trust ▁later ▁served ▁to ▁more ▁dramatically ▁move ▁the ▁issue ▁into ▁the ▁public ▁light ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁media , ▁particularly ▁the ▁Daily ▁Mail ▁and ▁the ▁Daily ▁Express , ▁have ▁been ▁critic ised ▁for ▁in appropri ate ▁comments ▁on ▁migr ants , ▁immigration ▁and ▁Muslims . ▁A ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁survey ▁by ▁City ▁University , ▁London ▁of ▁journalists ▁found ▁an ▁under rep resentation ▁of ▁Muslims ▁in ▁the ▁field . ▁Only ▁ 0 . 4 % ▁of ▁British ▁journalists ▁identified ▁as ▁Muslim ▁or ▁Hindu , ▁ 3 1 . 6 % ▁were ▁Christian , ▁and ▁ 6 1 . 1 % ▁had ▁" no ▁religion ." ▁C ited ▁in ▁a ▁report ▁covering ▁the ▁eth ics ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Press , ▁Lord ▁Justice ▁Lev es on ▁wrote ▁that ▁“ the ▁evidence ▁demonstr ates ▁that ▁sections ▁of ▁the ▁press ▁betray ▁a ▁tendency , ▁which ▁is ▁far ▁from ▁being ▁universal ▁or ▁even ▁pre pon der ant , ▁to ▁port ray ▁Muslims ▁in ▁a ▁negative ▁light .” ▁▁ ▁An ▁academic ▁paper ▁by ▁Kat y ▁S ian ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁journal ▁South ▁Asian ▁Popular ▁Culture ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁explored ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁how ▁" forced ▁conversion ▁narr atives " ▁a rose ▁around ▁the |
▁S ikh ▁di as por a ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁S ian , ▁who ▁reports ▁that ▁claims ▁of ▁conversion ▁through ▁court ship ▁on ▁camp uses ▁are ▁widespread ▁in ▁the ▁UK , ▁says ▁that ▁rather ▁than ▁re lying ▁on ▁actual ▁evidence ▁they ▁primarily ▁rest ▁on ▁the ▁word ▁of ▁" a ▁friend ▁of ▁a ▁friend " ▁or ▁on ▁personal ▁an ec d ote . ▁According ▁to ▁S ian , ▁the ▁narrative ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁accus ations ▁of ▁" white ▁slavery " ▁lod ged ▁against ▁the ▁Jewish ▁community ▁and ▁foreign ers ▁to ▁the ▁UK ▁and ▁the ▁US , ▁with ▁the ▁former ▁having ▁ties ▁to ▁anti - se mit ism ▁that ▁mirror ▁the ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁bet rayed ▁by ▁the ▁modern ▁narrative . ▁S ian ▁expanded ▁on ▁these ▁views ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ' s ▁Mist aken ▁Ident ities , ▁For ced ▁Con versions , ▁and ▁Post colon ial ▁Form ations . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁BBC ▁Radio ▁ 4 ▁acknowledged ▁a ▁complaint ▁that ▁it ▁failed ▁to ▁properly ▁introduce ▁or ▁challenge ▁Frank ▁G aff ney ' s ▁" con spir acy ▁theories ▁about ▁Muslims ▁and ▁Islam " ▁when ▁he ▁appeared ▁as ▁a ▁guest ▁on ▁Today . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁article ▁for ▁The ▁Independent , ▁writer ▁S uf yan ▁Is mail ▁was ▁critical ▁of ▁the ▁media ▁coverage ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Beck ton ▁acid ▁attack , ▁stating ▁that ▁most ▁mainstream ▁media ▁failed ▁to ▁cover ▁the ▁incident ▁or ▁" at ▁best ▁re leg ated |
▁it ▁to ▁a ▁minor ▁story ". ▁Is mail ▁suggested ▁that ▁had ▁the ▁roles ▁of ▁the ▁victims ▁and ▁perpet r ator ▁been ▁revers ed ▁the ▁case ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁head line ▁news . ▁He ▁compared ▁the ▁acid ▁attack ▁to ▁violent ▁hate - m ur ders ▁of ▁Muslims ▁that ▁had ▁received ▁little ▁coverage ▁in ▁contrast ▁with ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Jo ▁C ox ▁or ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Lee ▁R ig by . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁The ▁Sun ▁published ▁a ▁column ▁by ▁T rev or ▁K avan agh ▁which ▁questioned ▁what ▁actions ▁British ▁society ▁should ▁take ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁" The ▁Muslim ▁Problem ". ▁K avan agh ▁cited ▁an ▁opinion ▁piece ▁by ▁Labour ▁Shadow ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Women ▁and ▁Equ al ities ▁Sarah ▁Champion ▁MP ▁several ▁days ▁previously ▁as ▁a ▁reason ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁" now ▁acceptable " ▁to ▁describe ▁Muslims ▁as ▁a ▁" specific ▁rather ▁than ▁cultural ▁problem ". ▁Sean ▁O ' Grad y ▁of ▁The ▁Independent ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁column ▁used ▁language ▁rem inis cent ▁of ▁Nazi ▁propaganda ▁and ▁Nazi ▁phrases . ▁ ▁A ▁joint ▁complaint ▁was ▁made ▁to ▁IP SO ▁by ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Dep ut ies ▁of ▁British ▁Jews , ▁Tell ▁MA MA ▁and ▁Faith ▁Mat ters . ▁A ▁statement ▁by ▁the ▁groups ▁said : ▁" The ▁printing ▁of ▁the ▁phrase ▁' The ▁Muslim ▁Problem ' ▁– ▁particularly ▁with ▁the ▁capital isation ▁and ▁ital ics ▁for ▁emphasis ▁– ▁in ▁a ▁national ▁newspaper ▁sets ▁a ▁dangerous ▁preced ent , ▁and ▁h arks ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁use ▁of |
▁the ▁phrase ▁' The ▁Jewish ▁Problem ' ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁century ." ▁A ▁cross - party ▁group ▁of ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 ▁MP s ▁from ▁the ▁Conserv atives , ▁Labour , ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democrats ▁and ▁the ▁Gre ens ▁subsequently ▁signed ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁the ▁editor ▁of ▁The ▁Sun ▁demanding ▁action ▁over ▁the ▁column . ▁The ▁letter ▁stated ▁the ▁MP s ▁" were ▁truly ▁out r aged ▁by ▁the ▁hate ▁and ▁big ot ry " ▁in ▁K avan agh ' s ▁column . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁justice ▁system ▁ ▁A ▁ruling ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁by ▁the ▁European ▁Court ▁of ▁Human ▁Rights ▁effectively ▁cleared ▁of ▁criminal ▁responsibility ▁security ▁officials ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁killing ▁of ▁Jean ▁Charles ▁de ▁M ene zes ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁De ▁M ene zes ▁was ▁tr ailed ▁and ▁then ▁shot ▁dead ▁at ▁London ' s ▁Stock well ▁tube ▁station ▁by ▁jump y ▁security ▁officers ▁who ▁mist ook ▁him ▁for ▁a ▁suicide ▁bom ber ▁a ▁fort night ▁after ▁multiple ▁bomb ings ▁on ▁the ▁capital ' s ▁transport ▁network ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Crit ics ▁of ▁the ▁ruling ▁claimed ▁that ▁it ▁up held ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁the ▁authorities ▁to ▁kill ▁potentially ▁innocent ▁people ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁mere ▁supp os ition ▁and ▁racial / rel igious ▁prejud ice . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁police ▁officers ▁warned ▁a ▁Muslim ▁doctor , ▁N ail a ▁Im ran , ▁against ▁pressing ▁charges ▁following ▁anti - Mus lim ▁harass ment ▁as |
▁a ▁counter ▁claim ▁could ▁lead ▁to ▁her ▁" being ▁arrested ." ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁R unn ym ede ▁Trust ▁and ▁University ▁of ▁Green wich ▁study ▁found ▁that ▁being ▁black ▁or ▁Muslim ▁dou bles ▁a ▁prisoner ' s ▁chances ▁( 4 0 %) ▁of ▁having ▁worse ▁prison ▁experiences , ▁which ▁includes ▁having ▁restr aints ▁used ▁against ▁them ▁and ▁being ▁put ▁into ▁seg regation ▁in ▁past ▁six ▁months , ▁compared ▁with ▁white ▁or ▁non - Mus lim ▁prisoners ▁( 2 1 % ). ▁They ▁were ▁also ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁on ▁the ▁lowest ▁r ung ▁of ▁the ▁prison ▁rewards ▁and ▁punishment ▁scheme , ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁put ▁into ▁seg regation ▁and ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁restr aint ▁used ▁against ▁them . ▁Almost ▁a ▁third ▁of ▁Muslim ▁prisoners ▁( 2 9 %) ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁prison ▁jobs ▁or ▁attend ▁education ▁courses , ▁compared ▁with ▁ 1 7 % ▁of ▁Christian ▁prisoners . ▁R unn ym ede ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁discre p ancy ▁in ▁treatment ▁particularly ▁affects ▁re habil itation . ▁ ▁Def ining ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁Result ing ▁from ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁widespread ▁acceptance ▁and ▁consensus , ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁the ▁British ▁Government ▁failed ▁to ▁adopt ▁a ▁concrete ▁definition ▁for ▁is lam oph ob ia . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁All ▁Party ▁Parliament ary ▁Group ▁on ▁Muslims , ▁Professor ▁Peter ▁Hop kins ▁of ▁the ▁Centre ▁for ▁H ate ▁Studies ▁at ▁Le ices ter ▁University ▁stated ▁that ▁by ▁not ▁ad op |
ting ▁a ▁concrete ▁definition ▁for ▁is lam oph ob ia ▁it ▁may ▁“ enc our age ▁some ▁people ▁to ▁continue ▁to ▁deny ▁that ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁is ▁an ▁issue ▁in ▁society .” ▁ ▁S tere ot ypes ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁ 7 / 7 ▁attacks ▁on ▁the ▁London ▁Under ground , ▁the ▁Commission ▁on ▁British ▁Muslims ▁and ▁Islam oph ob ia , ▁warned ▁that ▁increased ▁attacks ▁against ▁individuals ▁and ▁mos ques , ▁was ▁resulting ▁in ▁bit tern ess ▁that ▁created ▁violent ▁" time - b om bs ". ▁ ▁H ate ▁crimes ▁▁ ▁Some ▁Muslims ▁have ▁been ▁victims ▁of ▁violence ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁religion . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁The ▁Guard ian ▁commissioned ▁an ▁I CM ▁poll ▁which ▁indicated ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁anti - Mus lim ▁incidents , ▁particularly ▁after ▁the ▁London ▁bomb ings ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Another ▁survey ▁of ▁Muslims , ▁this ▁by ▁the ▁Open ▁Society ▁Institute , ▁found ▁that ▁of ▁those ▁poll ed ▁ 3 2 % ▁believed ▁they ▁had ▁suffered ▁religious ▁discrimination ▁at ▁air ports , ▁and ▁ 8 0 % ▁said ▁they ▁had ▁experienced ▁Islam oph ob ia . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁a ▁report ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ex eter ' s ▁European ▁Muslim ▁research ▁centre ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁anti - Mus lim ▁hate ▁crimes ▁has ▁increased , ▁ranging ▁from ▁" de ath ▁threats ▁and ▁murder ▁to ▁persistent ▁low - level ▁assault s |
, ▁such ▁as ▁sp itting ▁and ▁name - call ing ," ▁for ▁which ▁the ▁media ▁and ▁politicians ▁have ▁been ▁bl amed ▁with ▁fuel ing ▁anti - Mus lim ▁hatred . ▁The ▁Islam oph ob ic ▁incidents ▁it ▁described ▁include : ▁" Ne il ▁Lew ington , ▁a ▁violent ▁extrem ist ▁national ist ▁convicted ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁of ▁a ▁bomb ▁plot ; ▁Ter ence ▁G avan , ▁a ▁violent ▁extrem ist ▁national ist ▁convicted ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁of ▁manufacturing ▁nail ▁bombs ▁and ▁other ▁explos ives , ▁fire arms ▁and ▁weapons ; ▁a ▁gang ▁attack ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁on ▁Muslim ▁students ▁at ▁City ▁University ; ▁the ▁murder ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁of ▁Muslim ▁pension er , ▁I k ram ▁Sy ed ▁ul - Ha q ; ▁a ▁serious ▁assault ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁on ▁the ▁Im am ▁at ▁London ▁Central ▁Mos que ; ▁and ▁an ▁ar son ▁attack ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁on ▁Green wich ▁Islamic ▁Centre ." ▁Other ▁Islam oph ob ic ▁incidents ▁mentioned ▁in ▁the ▁report ▁include ▁" Y as ir , ▁a ▁young ▁Mor oc can ," ▁being ▁" ne arly ▁killed ▁while ▁waiting ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁bus ▁from ▁Will es den ▁to ▁Reg ent ' s ▁Park ▁in ▁London " ▁and ▁" left ▁in ▁a ▁com a ▁for ▁three ▁months "; ▁" M oh ammed ▁Ko he lee ," ▁a ▁" care t aker ▁who ▁suffered ▁burn s ▁to ▁his |
▁body ▁while ▁trying ▁to ▁prevent ▁an ▁ar son ▁attack ▁against ▁Green wich ▁Mos que "; ▁" the ▁murder " ▁of ▁" T oot ing ▁pension er ▁Ek ram ▁Ha que " ▁who ▁" was ▁brut ally ▁beaten ▁to ▁death ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁his ▁three ▁year ▁old ▁grand d aughter " ▁by ▁a ▁" r ace - h ate " ▁gang ; ▁and ▁" pol ice ▁officers " ▁being ▁injured ▁" d uring ▁an ▁English ▁Def ence ▁League ▁( ED L ) ▁march ▁in ▁Sto ke ." ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁fans ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁football ▁club ▁New castle ▁United ▁directed ▁anti - Mus lim ▁ch ants ▁at ▁Egyptian ▁M idd les b rough ▁F . C . ▁stri ker ▁M ido . ▁An ▁FA ▁investigation ▁was ▁launched ▁He ▁revealed ▁his ▁anger ▁at ▁The ▁FA ' s ▁investigation , ▁believing ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁make ▁no ▁difference ▁to ▁any ▁future ▁abuse . ▁Two ▁men ▁were ▁eventually ▁arrested ▁over ▁the ▁chant ing ▁and ▁were ▁due ▁to ▁appear ▁at ▁Te ess ide ▁Mag istr ates ▁Court . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁report ▁by ▁Professor ▁N ig el ▁Cop sey ▁of ▁Te ess ide ▁University , ▁concluded ▁that ▁between ▁ 4 0 % ▁and ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁mos ques ▁and ▁other ▁Islamic ▁centers ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁had ▁suffered ▁v andal ism ▁or ▁ar son . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁week ▁following ▁the ▁London ▁Bridge ▁attack ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁anti - Mus |
lim ▁hate ▁crimes ▁increased ▁five fold . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁largest ▁increase ▁in ▁hate ▁crimes ▁against ▁Muslims ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁since ▁the ▁similar ▁back l ash ▁following ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Mur der ▁of ▁Lee ▁R ig by . ▁Ac id ▁attacks ▁against ▁Muslims ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Beck ton ▁acid ▁attack ▁have ▁also ▁ris en . ▁Days ▁after ▁the ▁London ▁Bridge ▁attack , ▁a ▁man ▁named ▁Dar ren ▁Os borne ▁intention ally ▁r ammed ▁a ▁van ▁into ▁Muslims ▁coming ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁mos que ▁in ▁London , ▁killing ▁one ▁and ▁leaving ▁ 1 0 ▁people ▁injured . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁West ▁York shire ▁Police ▁launched ▁a ▁hate ▁crime ▁investigation ▁after ▁letters ▁threatening ▁acid ▁attacks ▁on ▁Muslims ▁were ▁posted ▁in ▁Brad ford . ▁The ▁police ▁said ▁the ▁threats ▁were ▁" ext rem ely ▁seriously " ▁increased ▁patrol s ▁in ▁Han over ▁Square , ▁a ▁mainly ▁Muslim ▁inner - city ▁area ▁where ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁residents ▁received ▁the ▁letters ▁last ▁week . ▁The ▁literature ▁shows ▁an ▁image ▁of ▁a ▁sword ▁and ▁the ▁Saint ▁George ' s ▁Flag ▁with ▁the ▁words : ▁" K ill ▁sc um ▁Muslims ." ▁ ▁An ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Press ▁Association ▁investigation ▁found ▁that ▁hate ▁crimes ▁target ing ▁mos ques ▁and ▁other ▁Muslim ▁places ▁of ▁worship ▁across ▁the ▁UK ▁more ▁than ▁dou bled ▁between ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁The ▁same ▁month , ▁during ▁H ate ▁Crime ▁A |
ware ness ▁Week , ▁Associ ate ▁Professor ▁of ▁Crim in ology ▁at ▁Birmingham ▁City ▁University ▁Im ran ▁A wan ▁and ▁L ect urer ▁in ▁Crim in ology ▁at ▁Not ting ham ▁T rent ▁University ▁Ire ne ▁Z em pi ▁presented ▁research ▁at ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁showing ▁that ▁some ▁non - Mus lim ▁men ▁suffered ▁ver bal , ▁physical ▁and ▁emotional ▁abuse ▁because ▁they ▁looked ▁Muslim . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁letters ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁people ▁in ▁East ▁London ▁calling ▁for ▁a ▁" P un ish ▁a ▁Muslim ▁Day ", ▁with ▁a ▁points ▁system ▁to ▁award ▁people ▁for ▁acts ▁of ▁hatred ▁toward ▁Muslims . ▁Police ▁said ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁cred ible ▁evidence ▁of ▁a ▁planned ▁attack , ▁and ▁in ▁June ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁a ▁man ▁from ▁Lincoln ▁was ▁arrested ▁and ▁charged ▁with ▁fourteen ▁criminal ▁off ences ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁hate ▁mail ▁campaign . ▁At ▁his ▁trial ▁at ▁the ▁Old ▁Ba iley ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁he ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁fifteen ▁charges ▁relating ▁to ▁the ▁" P un ish ▁a ▁Muslim ▁Day " ▁letters ▁and ▁other ▁correspond ences ▁sent ▁to ▁individuals , ▁public ▁figures ▁and ▁organisations . ▁ ▁Organ is ations ▁ ▁English ▁Def ence ▁League ▁▁ ▁The ▁emer gence ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁Def ence ▁League ▁has ▁resulted ▁in ▁demonstr ations ▁in ▁English ▁cities ▁with ▁large ▁Muslim ▁populations . ▁The ▁E DL ▁is ▁a ▁far - right , ▁anti - I sl am ▁street ▁protest ▁movement ▁which ▁oppos es ▁what ▁it ▁considers ▁to |
▁be ▁a ▁spread ▁of ▁Islam ism , ▁Sh aria ▁law ▁and ▁Islamic ▁extrem ism ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁The ▁E DL ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁Islam oph ob ic . ▁It ▁has ▁had ▁confront ations ▁with ▁various ▁groups , ▁including ▁supporters ▁of ▁Un ite ▁Against ▁F asc ism ▁( U AF ) ▁and ▁An onymous . ▁ ▁Co - found er ▁and ▁political ▁activ ist ▁Tommy ▁Robinson ▁left ▁the ▁group ▁after ▁four ▁years ▁to ▁take ▁on ▁a ▁more ▁peaceful ▁and ▁political ▁approach , ▁and ▁worried ▁about ▁the ▁d angers ▁of ▁right - wing ▁extrem ism . ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁online ▁is lam oph ic ▁attacks ▁reports ▁received ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁by ▁the ▁Tell ▁Me as uring ▁Anti - Mus lim ▁Att acks ▁( MA MA ) ▁organization , ▁ 6 9 % ▁had ▁a ▁connection ▁to ▁the ▁far ▁right ▁including ▁the ▁English ▁Defense ▁League . ▁ ▁Scottish ▁Def ence ▁League ▁▁ ▁The ▁SD L ▁are ▁similar ▁to ▁their ▁counter part ▁and ▁are ▁very ▁closely ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁E DL . ▁They ▁are ▁seen ▁as ▁Scotland ' s ▁main ▁anti - I sl amic ▁group . ▁The ▁SD L ▁hold ▁regular ▁demonstr ations ▁in ▁Scottish ▁cities . ▁The ▁group ▁is ▁mainly ▁active ▁in ▁Edinburgh , ▁F ife ▁and ▁Glasgow . ▁ ▁Two - time ▁murder er ▁Ron nie ▁C oul ter ▁was ▁seen ▁in ▁attendance ▁at ▁a ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁SD L ▁demonstr ation ▁in ▁Edinburgh . ▁ ▁Thomas ▁Con ington ▁who ▁pet rol ▁bom bed ▁the |
▁Edinburgh ▁Central ▁Mos que ▁and ▁received ▁ 4 ▁years ▁in ▁prison ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁is ▁alleged ▁to ▁be ▁associated ▁with ▁SD L ▁members . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁an ▁SD L ▁supp orter ▁was ▁found ▁guilty ▁of ▁kicking ▁on ▁the ▁body ▁and ▁punch ing ▁on ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁an ▁anti - f asc ist ▁pro tes ter ▁who ▁was ▁hand ing ▁out ▁anti - rac ism ▁leaf lets ▁in ▁Edinburgh . ▁It ▁was ▁alleged ▁that ▁he ▁called ▁the ▁other ▁fellow ▁pro tes ters , ▁in ▁particular ▁a ▁black ▁South ▁African ▁woman , ▁a ▁mon key . ▁He ▁received ▁ 1 2 ▁months ▁community ▁service . ▁Also ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁former ▁Scottish ▁Labour ▁Party ▁Deputy ▁Leader ▁An as ▁Sar war ▁alleged ▁that ▁he ▁faced ▁death ▁threats ▁from ▁the ▁SD L . ▁ ▁British ▁National ▁Party ▁▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁British ▁National ▁Party ▁launched ▁a ▁campaign ▁against ▁supposed ▁plans ▁for ▁a ▁mos que ▁that ▁local ▁authorities ▁said ▁did ▁not ▁exist . ▁ ▁Opp os ition ▁Several ▁organisations ▁exist ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁to ▁combat ▁Islam oph ob ia . ▁Tell ▁MA MA ▁is ▁an ▁organisation ▁that ▁mon itors ▁and ▁records ▁hate ▁crimes ▁against ▁Muslims . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁passage ▁of ▁Executive ▁Order ▁ 1 3 7 6 9 ▁by ▁U . S . ▁President ▁Donald ▁Trump , ▁protests ▁took ▁place ▁all ▁across ▁the ▁country ▁by ▁non - Mus lim ▁Brit ons ▁in ▁solid arity ▁with |
▁British ▁Muslims ▁and ▁Muslim ▁refugees . ▁ ▁Following ▁a ▁protest ▁by ▁the ▁E DL ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁Birmingham ▁Central ▁Mos que ▁held ▁a ▁tea ▁party ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁counter ing ▁those ▁demonstr ations ▁and ▁promoting ▁inter fa ith ▁dialogue . ▁The ▁tea ▁party ▁ended ▁up ▁receiving ▁more ▁participants ▁than ▁the ▁original ▁E DL ▁march . ▁ ▁J - V oice , ▁a ▁social ist ▁and ▁progressive ▁Jewish ▁community ▁project , ▁has ▁condem ned ▁what ▁it ▁refers ▁to ▁as ▁a ▁" a ▁rise ▁in ▁hatred ▁towards ▁Muslims " ▁and ▁called ▁for ▁Muslims ▁and ▁Jews ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁to ▁remain ▁united ▁against ▁the ▁" far - right ." ▁Following ▁a ▁meeting ▁between ▁Manchester ' s ▁Jewish ▁community ▁and ▁Tommy ▁Robinson , ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Dep ut ies ▁of ▁British ▁Jews ▁stated ▁that ▁" Rob inson ’ s ▁record ▁of ▁anti - Mus lim ▁prov ocation ▁means ▁that ▁he ▁could ▁never ▁be ▁a ▁partner ▁of ▁a ▁respect able ▁or ▁mainstream ▁Jewish ▁organisation ." ▁ ▁Based ▁out ▁of ▁London , ▁the ▁Islamic ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Commission ▁( I H RC ) ▁is ▁a ▁UK ▁human ▁rights ▁organization ▁that ▁works ▁to ▁campaign ▁for ▁justice ▁for ▁the ▁British ▁Muslim ▁community . ▁Along ▁with ▁working ▁closely ▁with ▁the ▁United ▁Nations , ▁I H RC ▁has ▁produced ▁and ▁submitted ▁numerous ▁articles , ▁reports , ▁and ▁general ▁research ▁on ▁is lam oph ob ia ▁to ▁governments ▁and ▁international ▁organizations ▁to ▁offer ▁ ▁History ▁Robert ▁Lam bert ▁and ▁Graham ▁Edward ▁G ed des ▁have ▁compared ▁Islam oph |
ob ia ▁and ▁anti - Mus lim ▁street ▁violence ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁P aki - b ashing , ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁racist ▁violence ▁that ▁was ▁perpet rated ▁against ▁South ▁As ians ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁Lam bert ▁notes ▁that ▁a ▁key ▁difference ▁is ▁that , ▁whereas ▁the ▁National ▁Front ▁and ▁B NP ▁targeted ▁all ▁South ▁As ians ▁( including ▁Muslims , ▁Hind us ▁and ▁S ik hs ), ▁the ▁E DL ▁specifically ▁target ▁British ▁Muslims . ▁Lam bert ▁also ▁comp ares ▁the ▁media ' s ▁role ▁in ▁fuel ing ▁" P aki - b ashing " ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁to ▁its ▁role ▁in ▁fuel ing ▁anti - Mus lim ▁sentiment ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 1 st ▁century . ▁G ed des ▁notes ▁that ▁variations ▁of ▁the ▁" P aki " ▁racial ▁sl ur ▁are ▁occasionally ▁used ▁by ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁E DL . ▁ ▁British ▁Asian ▁Muslims ▁faced ▁discrimination ▁and ▁racism ▁following ▁E no ch ▁Pow ell ' s ▁Rivers ▁of ▁Blood ▁speech ▁and ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Front ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁This ▁included ▁over t ▁racism ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁P aki ▁b ashing , ▁predomin antly ▁from ▁white ▁power ▁skin heads , ▁the ▁National ▁Front , ▁and ▁the ▁British ▁National ▁Party , ▁throughout ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁Draw ing ▁inspiration ▁from ▁the ▁Indian ▁independence ▁movement , ▁the ▁black ▁power ▁movement , |
▁and ▁the ▁anti - ap art heid ▁movement , ▁young ▁British ▁Pak ist ani ▁and ▁British ▁Bangl ades hi ▁activ ists ▁began ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁anti - rac ist ▁Asian ▁youth ▁movements ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁including ▁the ▁Brad ford ▁Youth ▁Movement ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁the ▁Bangl ades hi ▁Youth ▁Movement ▁following ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Al tab ▁Ali ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁New ham ▁Youth ▁Movement ▁following ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Ak ht ar ▁Ali ▁Ba ig ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Islam ▁in ▁England ▁Islam ▁in ▁Scotland ▁Islam ▁in ▁Wales ▁Islam ▁in ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁P aki ▁( sl ur ) ▁T error ism ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : O pp os ition ▁to ▁Islam ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁International ▁L ia ison ▁Committee ▁on ▁Res usc itation ▁( IL C OR ) ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁to ▁provide ▁an ▁opportunity ▁for ▁the ▁major ▁organizations ▁in ▁res usc itation ▁to ▁work ▁together ▁on ▁C PR ▁( Card iop ul mon ary ▁Res usc itation ) ▁and ▁E CC ▁( E mer gency ▁Card iov ascular ▁Care ) ▁protocol s . ▁The ▁name ▁was ▁chosen ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁deliber ate ▁play ▁on ▁words ▁relating ▁to ▁the ▁treatment ▁of ▁sick ▁hearts ▁– ▁" ill ▁cor " ▁( cor |
▁is ▁Latin ▁for ▁heart ). ▁ ▁I LC OR ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Heart ▁Association ▁( A HA ), ▁the ▁European ▁Res usc itation ▁Council ▁( ER C ), ▁the ▁Heart ▁and ▁St roke ▁Foundation ▁of ▁Canada ▁( HS FC ), ▁the ▁Australian ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Committee ▁on ▁Res usc itation , ▁the ▁Res usc itation ▁Coun c ils ▁of ▁Southern ▁Africa ▁( RC SA ), ▁the ▁Res usc itation ▁Coun c ils ▁of ▁Asia ▁( R CA ) ▁and ▁the ▁Inter ▁American ▁Heart ▁Foundation ▁( IA H F ). ▁ ▁Mission ▁statement ▁" To ▁provide ▁a ▁consensus ▁mechanism ▁by ▁which ▁the ▁international ▁science ▁and ▁knowledge ▁relevant ▁to ▁emergency ▁card iac ▁care ▁can ▁be ▁identified ▁and ▁reviewed . ▁This ▁consensus ▁mechanism ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁provide ▁consistent ▁international ▁guidelines ▁on ▁emergency ▁card iac ▁care ▁for ▁Basic ▁Life ▁Support ▁( B LS ), ▁Pa ed iat ric ▁Life ▁Support ▁( PL S ) ▁and ▁Advanced ▁Life ▁Support ▁( AL S ). ▁While ▁the ▁major ▁focus ▁will ▁be ▁upon ▁treatment ▁guidelines , ▁the ▁ste ering ▁committee ▁will ▁also ▁address ▁the ▁effectiveness ▁of ▁educational ▁and ▁training ▁approaches ▁and ▁topics ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁organisation ▁and ▁implementation ▁of ▁emergency ▁card iac ▁care . ▁The ▁Committee ▁will ▁also ▁encourage ▁coord ination ▁of ▁dates ▁for ▁guidelines ▁development ▁and ▁con ferences ▁by ▁various ▁national ▁res usc itation ▁coun c ils . ▁These ▁international ▁guidelines ▁will ▁aim ▁for ▁a ▁common ality ▁supported ▁by ▁science ▁for ▁B LS , ▁A LS ▁and ▁P LS ." ▁ ▁Object ives ▁The ▁objectives ▁of ▁I |
LC OR ▁are ▁to : ▁ ▁Prov ide ▁a ▁forum ▁for ▁discussion ▁and ▁for ▁coord ination ▁of ▁all ▁aspects ▁of ▁card iop ul mon ary ▁and ▁cere br al ▁res usc itation ▁worldwide . ▁ ▁Foster ▁scientific ▁research ▁in ▁areas ▁of ▁res usc itation ▁where ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁data ▁or ▁where ▁there ▁is ▁controversy . ▁ ▁Prov ide ▁for ▁disse min ation ▁of ▁information ▁on ▁training ▁and ▁education ▁in ▁res usc itation . ▁ ▁Prov ide ▁a ▁mechanism ▁for ▁collecting , ▁review ing ▁and ▁sharing ▁international ▁scientific ▁data ▁on ▁res usc itation . ▁ ▁Produ ce ▁as ▁appropriate ▁statements ▁on ▁specific ▁issues ▁related ▁to ▁res usc itation ▁that ▁reflect ▁international ▁consensus . ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁I LC OR ▁meets ▁twice ▁each ▁year ▁usually ▁altern ating ▁between ▁a ▁venue ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁a ▁venue ▁elsewhere ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁I LC OR ▁produced ▁the ▁first ▁International ▁C PR ▁Gu idelines ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁rev ised ▁protocol s ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁( published ▁con current ly ▁in ▁the ▁scientific ▁jour nals ▁Res usc itation ▁and ▁Cir cul ation ). ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 8 1 ▁experts ▁completed ▁ 4 0 3 ▁works he ets ▁on ▁ 2 7 5 ▁topics , ▁review ing ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 2 0 0 0 ▁published ▁studies ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁revision . ▁ ▁A ▁further ▁update ▁appeared ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁The ▁standard ▁re vis ions ▁cycle ▁for |
▁res usc itation ▁is ▁five ▁years . ▁The ▁next ▁is ▁therefore ▁scheduled ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Intern ational ▁medical ▁and ▁health ▁organizations ▁Category : E mer gency ▁medicine ▁organisations ▁Category : Card iop ul mon ary ▁res usc itation <0x0A> </s> ▁Sab al ▁gre ther ia e ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁palm ▁tree ▁that ▁is ▁end emic ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Qu int ana ▁R oo ▁in ▁Mexico , ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁threatened ▁by ▁habitat ▁loss . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Herm il ilo ▁J . ▁Qu ero ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁The ▁specific ▁ep it het , ▁" gre ther ia e ", ▁hon ors ▁Rosa ura ▁Gre ther , ▁a ▁bot an ist ▁who ▁worked ▁with ▁Qu ero . ▁It ▁is ▁very ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁Mexican ▁Pal met to ▁( S . ▁me x ican a ) ▁and ▁may ▁be ▁syn onym ▁of ▁that ▁species . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁gre ther ia e ▁Category : End emic ▁fl ora ▁of ▁Mexico ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Qu int ana ▁R oo ▁Category : Pl ants ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Category : V ul ner able ▁plants ▁Category : Tax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁Mod icus ▁minim us ▁is ▁a ▁cl ing fish ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁ ▁G ob ies oc idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁on ▁co arse ▁substr ates ▁consisting ▁of ▁mixed ▁shell ▁fragments |
▁and ▁gr avel ▁and ▁on ▁beds ▁of ▁br ach iop od s . ▁Graham ▁S . ▁Hard y ▁described ▁this ▁species ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁with ▁a ▁type ▁local ity ▁of ▁the ▁channel ▁between ▁southern ▁Rang it oto ▁Island ▁and ▁D ' U r ville ▁Island , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁collected ▁at ▁a ▁depth ▁. ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁minim us ▁Category : End emic ▁marine ▁fish ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : F ish ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Edward ▁Frank ▁Dan owski ▁( Se ptember ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁– ▁February ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁who ▁played ▁quarter back ▁and ▁half back ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁( N FL ). ▁ ▁Dan owski ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁for ▁seven ▁seasons ▁( 1 9 3 4 – 1 9 3 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 ) ▁and ▁quarter back ed ▁the ▁team ▁when ▁they ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁NFL ▁Championship ▁Games . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁at ▁Ford ham ▁University . ▁ ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁Rose ▁Hill ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁R ams ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁am ass ing ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁ 2 9 – 4 4 – 3 ▁( . 4 0 1 ). ▁His ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁squad ▁reached ▁# |
2 0 ▁in ▁the ▁poll s . ▁ ▁He ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁A que b ogue , ▁his ▁father , ▁Anton , ▁was ▁a ▁Polish ▁immigr ant . ▁His ▁son , ▁John ▁Dan owski , ▁is ▁the ▁head ▁lac ros se ▁coach ▁at ▁Duke ▁University ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁long time ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Hof stra ▁Pr ide , ▁and ▁his ▁grand son , ▁Matt ▁Dan owski , ▁is ▁second ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁in ▁total ▁points ▁in ▁NC AA ▁lac ros se ▁history . ▁ ▁Ed ▁was ▁indu cted ▁into ▁the ▁S uff olk ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁on ▁Long ▁Island , ▁New ▁York , ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁Category ▁with ▁the ▁Class ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁Head ▁coaching ▁record ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁( 1 9 2 5 – 7 8 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : American ▁football ▁quarter backs ▁Category : American ▁football ▁running ▁backs ▁Category : F ord ham ▁R ams ▁football ▁coaches ▁Category : F ord ham ▁R ams ▁football ▁players ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁players ▁Category : People ▁from ▁River head ▁( town ), ▁New ▁York ▁Category : Play ers ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Polish ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁Raf san jan ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁airport ▁in ▁Raf san jan , ▁Iran . ▁ ▁Airlines |
▁and ▁dest inations ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Air ports ▁in ▁Iran ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁K erman ▁Province ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁K erman ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁Sin ik ka ▁Boh lin ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 7 ), ▁is ▁a ▁Swedish ▁social ▁democratic ▁politician ▁who ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 – 2 0 1 0 . ▁She ▁served ▁as ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Nord ic ▁Council ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Boh lin ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Finland ▁to ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁father ▁and ▁a ▁K arel ian - Bel ar us ian ▁mother , ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁Sweden ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Sw edish ▁Social ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁politicians ▁Category : W omen ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁ 1 9 9 8 – 2 0 0 2 ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 0 6 ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁ 2 0 0 6 – 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : Sw edish ▁people ▁of ▁Bel ar us ian ▁descent ▁Category : Sw edish ▁people ▁of ▁Finn ish ▁descent ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁women ▁politicians ▁Category |
: 2 1 st - century ▁Swedish ▁women ▁politicians ▁Category : Sw edish ▁people ▁of ▁K arel ian ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁Camp o ▁del ▁Mor o ▁is ▁a ▁park ▁in ▁Madrid , ▁Spain . ▁ ▁Category : R oyal ▁Palace ▁of ▁Madrid ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Madrid ▁Category : Pal acio ▁neighborhood , ▁Madrid <0x0A> </s> ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁is ▁a ▁magazine ▁which ▁is ▁published ▁by ▁Sum mit ▁Media ▁- ▁under ▁license ▁from ▁BBC ▁World wide ▁and ▁Im mediate ▁Media ▁Company ▁- ▁and ▁features ▁Philipp ine - only ▁content . ▁ ▁History ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁with ▁British ▁and ▁Filip ino ▁contents ▁published . ▁A ▁major ▁change ▁came ▁when ▁a ▁Filip ino ▁editor - in - ch ief ▁took ▁the ▁hel m ▁and ▁published ▁Philipp ine ▁content ▁unique ▁to ▁the ▁magazine . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁re des igned ▁its ▁contents , ▁with ▁some ▁segments ▁being ▁renamed . ▁On ▁June ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁they ▁published ▁their ▁ 7 5 th ▁issue ▁and ▁made ▁a ▁contest ▁on ▁their ▁website . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁they ▁re des igned ▁again ▁to ▁attract ▁more ▁readers . ▁On ▁June ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁they ▁put ▁out ▁their ▁supplement ary ▁issue ▁called ▁" Top ▁B ikes ". ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁they ▁made ▁their ▁first ▁" Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁Car ▁Of ▁The ▁Year ▁Awards " ▁with ▁the ▁Toy ota |
▁ 8 6 ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁winner . ▁This ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁re des igned ▁their ▁magazine ▁again ▁in ▁comm em oration ▁of ▁its ▁" 9 th - year ▁anniversary ▁and ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁issue " ▁celebration ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁month . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁celebrated ▁their ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁and ▁re des igned ▁their ▁magazine ▁again . ▁They ▁celebrated ▁ 1 1 ▁years ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁A ▁year ▁later , ▁in ▁the ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁issue , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁PH ▁re des igned ▁their ▁magazine ▁again , ▁with ▁a ▁more ▁flat ▁and ▁minimal ist ▁design . ▁Var ious ▁changes ▁have ▁been ▁added ▁over ▁the ▁years , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁the ▁M oto ▁S api ens ▁page ▁in ▁the ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁issue . ▁▁ ▁The ▁editorial ▁staff ▁of ▁the ▁online ▁component ▁of ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines , ▁Top G ear . com . ph , ▁was ▁su ed ▁by ▁N est or ▁Pun z al an ▁after ▁they ▁err one ously ▁identified ▁Pun z al an ▁as ▁the ▁potential ▁killer ▁in ▁a ▁road ▁rage ▁incident ▁in ▁Q ui ap o ▁on ▁their ▁popular ▁Facebook ▁page . ▁Among ▁the ▁demands ▁made ▁by ▁Pun z al an ▁was ▁for ▁Vern on ▁B . ▁Sar ne , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁Editor - in - ch ief , ▁to ▁resign ▁after ▁he |
▁identified ▁himself ▁as ▁the ▁party ▁at ▁fault ▁on ▁their ▁Facebook ▁page ▁that ▁resulted ▁in ▁Pun z al an ▁being ▁threatened ▁and ▁cyber b ull ied . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁publisher ▁Sum mit ▁Media ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁ending ▁publication ▁of ▁the ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁print ▁magazine . ▁ ▁Content ▁The ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁include : ▁Re action ▁Time ▁- ▁letters ▁from ▁av id ▁readers ▁New ▁Metal ▁- ▁features ▁new ▁cars ▁and ▁concepts . ▁Car ▁Culture ▁- ▁columns ▁of ▁contributors , ▁usually ▁from ▁top ▁Philipp ine ▁d ail ies . ▁Tra ffic ▁Stop per ▁G ear head ▁A ▁Day ▁in ▁the ▁Life ▁- ▁where ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁T GP ▁staff ▁take ▁jobs ▁connected ▁with ▁autom ob iles . ▁Car ▁Club ▁- ▁where ▁car ▁clubs ▁get ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁magazine . ▁Sh ake ▁Down ▁- ▁Tests ▁of ▁New ▁Cars , ▁replacing ▁D riv es ▁on ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁issue . ▁The ▁Top ▁Read ▁- ▁where ▁the ▁main ▁stories ▁( us ually ▁the ▁cover ▁stories ) ▁are ▁being ▁read . ▁Road ▁T rip ▁M oto ▁S api ens ▁- ▁a ▁section ▁introduced ▁with ▁the ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁issue , ▁where ▁new ▁motor cy cles ▁are ▁being ▁reviewed . ▁Full ▁Th rott le ▁- ▁where ▁stories ▁related ▁to ▁racing ▁and ▁mot ors port ▁are ▁being ▁read . ▁Assembly ▁Line ▁- ▁it ▁shows ▁people ▁who ▁supported ▁their ▁stories ▁and ▁also , ▁some ▁reactions ▁about ▁the ▁stories |
' ▁behind - the - sc enes . ▁The ▁Gar age ▁New ▁Car ▁Guide ▁- ▁sponsored ▁by ▁B PI . ▁ ▁Car ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁- ▁Toy ota ▁ 8 6 ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁Maz da ▁ 6 ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁- ▁Maz da ▁ 3 ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁- ▁Maz da ▁M X - 5 ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁- ▁H onda ▁C iv ic ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁H onda ▁C iv ic ▁Type ▁R ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁- ▁Ford ▁R anger ▁R apt or ▁▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁- ▁Suz uki ▁Jim ny ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁at ▁Sum mit ▁Media ▁ ▁Category : Mag az ines ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Category : Phil ipp ine ▁magazines ▁Category : Top ▁G ear <0x0A> </s> ▁W ugg ub un ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁Ab original ▁community , ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Kim ber ley ▁Region ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia , ▁within ▁the ▁Sh ire ▁of ▁Wy nd ham - E ast ▁Kim ber ley . ▁ ▁Govern ance ▁ ▁The ▁community ▁is ▁managed ▁through ▁its ▁incorporated ▁body , ▁W ugg ub un ▁Ab original ▁Corporation , ▁incorporated ▁under ▁the ▁Ab original ▁Coun c ils ▁and ▁Associ ations ▁Act ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁on ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁Town ▁planning ▁ ▁W ugg ub un ▁Layout ▁Plan ▁No . |
1 ▁has ▁been ▁prepared ▁in ▁accordance ▁with ▁State ▁Planning ▁Policy ▁ 3 . 2 ▁Ab original ▁S ett lement s . ▁Layout ▁Plan ▁No . 1 ▁is ▁yet ▁to ▁be ▁end ors ed ▁by ▁the ▁community . ▁As ▁such ▁the ▁Layout ▁Plan ▁exists ▁only ▁as ▁a ▁draft . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Reg istr ar ▁of ▁Ind igenous ▁Corpor ations ▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : K im ber ley ▁( W estern ▁Australia ) ▁Category : A bor iginal ▁communities ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁Michael ▁James ▁de ▁Grey ▁All ingham ▁( born ▁ 6 ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁in ▁In ver ness ) ▁and ▁educated ▁at ▁Str ath all an , ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁cr ick eter . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁right - handed ▁b ats man ▁and ▁a ▁right - arm ▁medium - pace ▁bow ler . ▁ ▁All ingham ▁played ▁ 4 9 ▁matches ▁for ▁Scotland , ▁including ▁first ▁class , ▁List ▁A ▁cricket , ▁international ▁and ▁I CC ▁Tro phy ▁matches . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁represented ▁the ▁Scotland ▁B ▁team ▁as ▁a ▁sc rum - half ▁in ▁rugby ▁union , ▁but ▁quit ▁following ▁a ▁knee ▁injury . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁sport ▁at ▁Edinburgh ▁Academy . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Cr icket ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Cr icket ▁World ▁Cup ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex |
ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Sc ot land ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Sc ot land ▁One ▁Day ▁International ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : C rick eters ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : C rick eters ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Cr icket ▁World ▁Cup ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁Str ath all an ▁School ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁In ver ness <0x0A> </s> ▁Juan ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da , ▁ 2 nd ▁Duke ▁of ▁Med in ac eli , ▁Grand ee ▁of ▁Spain , ▁( in ▁full , ▁), ▁( 1 4 8 5 ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 5 4 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Spanish ▁noble man . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Don ▁Luis ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da , ▁ 1 st ▁Duke ▁of ▁Med in ac eli ▁by ▁third ▁wife ▁Catal ina ▁B ique ▁de ▁O re j ón . ▁Since ▁his ▁parents ▁only ▁married ▁In ▁Art ic ulo ▁Mort is ▁in ▁ 1 5 0 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁considered ▁a ▁bast ard ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁but ▁was ▁legit imated ▁by ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Mon arch s ▁as ▁the ▁el dest ▁surviving ▁male ▁issue ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁Duke . ▁He ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁battles ▁for ▁the ▁incorpor ation ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Nav |
ar re ▁into ▁the ▁un ified ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Spain ▁on ▁behalf ▁of ▁King ▁Ferd inand ▁II ▁of ▁Ar agon . ▁He ▁also ▁was ▁a ▁court ier ▁under ▁Queen ▁Is ab ella ▁I ▁of ▁Cast ile ▁till ▁ 1 5 0 4 , ▁of ▁her ▁daughter ▁Queen ▁Jo anna ▁of ▁Cast ile ▁The ▁Mad , ▁and ▁later ▁supported ▁her ▁son ▁King ▁Charles ▁I ▁since ▁ 1 5 1 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁reward ed ▁with ▁a ▁grand ees hip ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 0 . ▁ ▁Desc end ants ▁Juan ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁married ▁M enc ía ▁Manuel ▁de ▁Portugal , ▁daughter ▁of ▁Dom ▁Aff onso ▁de ▁Portugal , ▁ 1 st ▁Count ▁of ▁Far o , ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁three ▁children . ▁In ▁ 1 5 1 2 , ▁he ▁married ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁time , ▁with ▁María ▁de ▁Silva ▁( 1 4 9 4 ▁– ▁ 1 6 ▁August ▁ 1 5 4 4 ), ▁daughter ▁of ▁Don ▁Juan ▁de ▁Silva , ▁ 3 rd ▁Count ▁of ▁C if uent es ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁four ▁more ▁children . ▁ ▁By ▁M enc ía ▁Manuel ▁de ▁Portugal : ▁ ▁Isabel ▁M enc ía ▁Manuel ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 5 0 ), ▁who ▁married ▁Pedro ▁Z ap ata ▁de ▁Ay ala . ▁ ▁Luis ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁y ▁Portugal ▁ ▁Gast ón ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁y ▁Portugal ▁ ▁By ▁María ▁de ▁Silva : ▁ ▁Juan ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁y ▁Silva ▁ |
▁Fernando ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁y ▁Silva ▁( 1 5 1 6 – 1 5 7 9 ), ▁who ▁married ▁Ana ▁de ▁Th ie ull oy e ▁ ▁Catal ina ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da , ▁who ▁married ▁Loren zo ▁G ó me z ▁de ▁M endo za , ▁ 4 th ▁Count ▁of ▁Cor u ña ▁ ▁Lu isa ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da , ▁who ▁married ▁A rias ▁P ardo ▁de ▁Sa aved ra ▁ ▁Il leg it imate : ▁ ▁Francisco ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 4 4 ) ▁ ▁Diego ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : 1 4 8 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 5 4 4 ▁deaths ▁Category : D uk es ▁of ▁Med in ac eli ▁Category : Count s ▁of ▁Puerto ▁de ▁Santa ▁María ▁Juan ▁ 0 2 ▁Category : Gr ande es ▁of ▁Spain <0x0A> </s> ▁Bour gue ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁surn ame . ▁Not able ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surn ame ▁include : ▁ ▁Math ias ▁Bour gue ▁( born ▁ 1 9 9 4 ), ▁French ▁tennis ▁player ▁Maurice ▁Bour gue ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 9 ), ▁French ▁ob o ist , ▁composer , ▁and ▁condu ctor ▁ ▁Category : F rench - language ▁surn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁Roger ▁Le en hard t ▁( 2 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁writer ▁and ▁film maker . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ |
▁Born ▁in ▁a ▁bour ge ois ▁Protest ant ▁family , ▁this ▁brilliant ▁student ▁of ▁philosophy ▁was ▁very ▁soon ▁fasc inated ▁by ▁cinema . ▁Through ▁a ▁cousin , ▁he ▁started ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁news re el ▁program ▁É cl air ▁Journal ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁set ▁up ▁his ▁own ▁production ▁company ▁with ▁Ren é ▁Z uber , ▁" Les ▁Films ▁du ▁Comp as ," ▁later ▁known ▁as , ▁" R og er ▁Le en hard t ▁Films .” ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁critic ▁in ▁the ▁journal ▁Es prit , ▁he ▁was ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁per cept ive ▁ob servers ▁of ▁pre - war ▁France ▁and ▁strongly ▁influenced ▁André ▁B az in ▁and ▁the ▁entire ▁" N ou velle ▁V ague .” ▁ ▁Thanks ▁to ▁his ▁series ▁of ▁articles ▁known ▁as ▁" La ▁pet ite ▁é cole ▁du ▁spect ateur ," ▁cinema ▁became ▁considered ▁as ▁an ▁art ▁and ▁a ▁language ▁in ▁its ▁own ▁right . ▁Le en hard t ▁also ▁contributed ▁to ▁other ▁jour nals , ▁such ▁as ▁Font aine , ▁Les ▁L ett res ▁Franç aises , ▁and ▁l ' E cr an ▁français , ▁in ▁which ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁he ▁delivered ▁his ▁famous ▁cry , ▁" Down ▁with ▁Ford ! ▁Long ▁Live ▁Wy ler !" ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁he ▁fost ered ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁cinema ▁club ▁Object if ▁ 4 9 ▁of ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁co - pres ident ▁with ▁Robert ▁B ress on ▁and ▁Jean ▁Co |
ct eau . ▁ ▁Dest ined ▁to ▁promote ▁a ▁new ▁cinema ▁d ' aut eur , ▁the ▁club ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁in ▁Bi ar ritz ▁of ▁the ▁Festival ▁of ▁C urs ed ▁Films ▁[ F estival ▁des ▁Films ▁M aud its ]. ▁ ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁he ▁pres ided ▁over ▁the ▁French ▁Association ▁for ▁the ▁Prom otion ▁of ▁Cin ema ▁[ Associ ation ▁française ▁pour ▁la ▁diffusion ▁du ▁cin é ma ] ▁which ▁organized ▁a ▁traveling ▁festival , ▁Cin é ma ▁Days ▁[ Les ▁Jour nées ▁du ▁cin é ma ] ▁( 1 9 5 3 – 1 9 6 0 ). ▁ ▁Finally , ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁Le en hard t ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁in ▁T ours ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Days ▁of ▁Film ▁[ J our nées ▁international es ▁du ▁film ] ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁Festival ▁of ▁T ours . ▁Spec ialized ▁in ▁short ▁films , ▁the ▁festival ▁brought ▁together ▁the ▁fore most ▁film makers , ▁including ▁François ▁Tru ff aut , ▁Chris ▁Mark er , ▁Ag n ès ▁V ard a , ▁Jacques ▁Dem y , ▁Roman ▁Pol ans ki , ▁Robert ▁En rico , ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁His ▁documentary ▁works ▁are ▁numerous ▁and ▁include ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 0 ▁short ▁films ▁and ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁a ▁similar ▁number . ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁main ▁categories ▁of ▁his ▁work : ▁Port ra its ▁of ▁great ▁writers ▁( e . g . ▁François ▁Maur iac , ▁Paul |
▁Val é ry , ▁Victor ▁Hugo , ▁etc .), ▁and ▁port ra its ▁of ▁famous ▁pain ters ▁( e . g ., ▁Mon et , ▁P iss ar ro , ▁B az ile , ▁etc .). ▁He ▁also ▁made ▁a ▁film ▁on ▁the ▁origins ▁of ▁photography ▁( D ag uer re ▁ou ▁la ▁Na issance ▁de ▁la ▁photograph ie , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁and ▁another ▁on ▁the ▁invention ▁of ▁cinema ▁( Na issance ▁du ▁cin é ma , ▁ 1 9 4 6 ), ▁a ▁master piece ▁of ▁ped agog ical ▁and ▁intelligence . ▁ ▁Priv ile ging ▁his ▁artist ▁vision , ▁Le en hard t ▁made ▁only ▁three ▁feature - length ▁fiction ▁films : ▁ ▁( 1 9 4 8 ), ▁ ▁( 1 9 6 1 ), ▁and , ▁for ▁television , ▁Une ▁fil le ▁dans ▁la ▁mont agne ▁( 1 9 6 4 ). ▁ ▁Moreover , ▁Roger ▁Le en hard t ▁appeared ▁in ▁three ▁films ▁as ▁an ▁actor . ▁In ▁Les ▁D ern i ères ▁vac ances , ▁he ▁is ▁the ▁teacher . ▁Jean - Luc ▁God ard ▁chose ▁him ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁character ▁" Int elligence " ▁in ▁Une ▁femme ▁mari ée ▁( 1 9 6 4 ) ▁and ▁François ▁Tru ff aut ▁chose ▁him ▁as ▁the ▁publisher ▁in ▁L ' Hom me ▁qui ▁aim ait ▁les ▁fem mes ▁( 1 9 7 7 ). ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁Roger ▁Le en hard t , ▁Les ▁ye ux ▁ou verts : ▁ent ret iens ▁avec |
▁Jean ▁Lac out ure . ▁Se u il , ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁Roger ▁Le en hard t , ▁Chron iques ▁du ▁cin é ma . ▁C ah iers ▁du ▁cin é ma , ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : F rench ▁film ▁producers <0x0A> </s> ▁Mur ai ▁Jun ▁( 村 井 ジ ュ ン , ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁- ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁what ▁is ▁regarded ▁today ▁as ▁the ▁largest ▁ind igenous ▁church ▁in ▁Japan ▁- ▁I es u ▁no ▁Mit ama ▁Ky ō k ai , ▁was ▁born ▁into ▁a ▁Method ist ▁family ▁in ▁Tokyo ▁and ▁later ▁studied ▁the ology ▁at ▁A oy ama ▁College . ▁While ▁he ▁was ▁studying ▁there , ▁something ▁trou bled ▁him ▁deeply ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁anticip ating ▁suicide . ▁Hence ▁Mur ai ▁planned ▁to ▁jump ▁over board ▁a ▁fer ry ▁near ▁Okay ama ▁P ref ect ure ▁during ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁However , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁about ▁to ▁jump ▁over board , ▁he ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁Holy ▁Spirit ' s ▁presence ▁suddenly ▁overwhelmed ▁him ▁and ▁he ▁began ▁speaking ▁in ▁tong ues . ▁▁ ▁That ▁experience ▁gave ▁him ▁new ▁courage ▁to ▁accept ▁the ▁Christian ▁faith ▁and ▁his ▁previous ▁lack ▁of ▁confidence ▁in ▁the ▁religion ▁was ▁now ▁eliminated . ▁Mur ai ▁then ▁abandoned ▁A oy ama ▁College ▁to ▁begin ▁pre aching ▁the ▁g ospel . ▁Not |
▁long ▁afterwards , ▁he ▁was ▁assigned ▁as ▁a ▁past or ▁for ▁the ▁Japan ▁Bible ▁Church . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁Mur ai ▁informed ▁his ▁small ▁church ▁group ▁in ▁Tokyo ' s ▁N ish is ug amo ▁of ▁his ▁Pent ec ost al ▁experience ▁which ▁had ▁changed ▁his ▁life . ▁ ▁During ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁whilst ▁in ▁Taiwan , ▁he ▁came ▁across ▁the ▁True ▁Jesus ▁Church , ▁and ▁ind igenous ▁Chinese ▁church ▁that ▁had ▁only ▁been ▁established ▁for ▁over ▁ 2 0 ▁years . ▁He ▁accepted ▁the ▁main ▁do ctr ines ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁and ▁received ▁bapt ism ; ▁he ▁then ▁left ▁his ▁previous ▁church ▁denom ination . ▁However , ▁during ▁that ▁year , ▁Mur ai ' s ▁wife ▁claimed ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁received ▁a ▁revel ation ▁from ▁God ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁new ▁church ▁which ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁given ▁the ▁name ▁ イ エ ス [ I es u ] ▁ 之 [ no ] ▁ 御 <0xE9> <0x9C> <0x8A> [ M it ama ] ▁ 教 会 [ K y ō k ai ] ▁( Sp irit ▁of ▁Jesus ▁Church ). ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁ ▁The ▁Japan ▁Bible ▁Church ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁Japan ▁As sembl ies ▁of ▁God ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁ ▁Y oshi y ama ▁H iro sh i , ▁ed ., ▁Led ▁by ▁the ▁Spirit : ▁A ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁thirty ▁years ▁( Tok yo ▁As sembl ies ▁of ▁God , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ), ▁p |
. 2 3 ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁deaths ▁Category : Found ers ▁of ▁new ▁religious ▁movements ▁Category : J apan ese ▁Christian ▁cler gy <0x0A> </s> ▁Ash by ▁Would s ▁is ▁a ▁civil ▁parish ▁in ▁Le ices ter shire , ▁England . ▁The ▁population ▁( including ▁Albert ▁Village ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁census ▁was ▁ 3 , 7 6 3 . ▁▁▁ ▁It ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁West ▁Le ices ter shire ▁district , ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁Ash by ▁de ▁la ▁Z ouch . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁settlement s ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁are ▁Mo ira ▁and ▁Nor ris ▁Hill . ▁ ▁Until ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁the ▁parish ▁was ▁an ▁urban ▁district ▁of ▁Le ices ter shire . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Ash by ▁Would s ▁Heritage ▁Trail ▁Albert ▁Village ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : D istrict s ▁of ▁England ▁abol ished ▁by ▁the ▁Local ▁Government ▁Act ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Category : C ivil ▁par ishes ▁in ▁Le ices ter shire ▁Category : N orth ▁West ▁Le ices ter shire ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Little ▁S alk eld ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁and ▁former ▁civil ▁parish , ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁of ▁Hun son by , ▁in ▁the ▁E den ▁district ▁of ▁C umb ria , ▁England , ▁a ▁few ▁miles ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁east ▁of ▁Pen r ith . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁the ▁civil ▁parish ▁had |
▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 9 1 . ▁On ▁the ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁the ▁civil ▁parish ▁was ▁merged ▁with ▁Hun son by ▁and ▁W ins kill ▁to ▁create ▁Hun son by . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁man or ▁at ▁Little ▁S alk eld ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁King ▁Edward ▁I ▁in ▁ 1 2 9 2 . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁original ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁S alk eld ▁family ▁of ▁land owners . ▁ ▁Pl aces ▁of ▁interest ▁ ▁Little ▁S alk eld ▁Water mill , ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 5 , ▁is ▁a ▁traditional ▁English ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁water ▁mill . ▁It ▁is ▁C umb ria ' s ▁only ▁water mill ▁still ▁in ▁full ▁operation . ▁Its ▁organic ▁bread ▁and ▁all - pur pose ▁fl ours ▁are ▁available ▁in ▁specialist ▁shops ▁throughout ▁the ▁UK . ▁It ▁operates ▁regular ▁tours ▁and ▁has ▁an ▁award - winning ▁organic ▁veget arian ▁ca fe . ▁ ▁S alk eld ▁Hall ▁is ▁the ▁village ' s ▁largest ▁house ; ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century ▁incorpor ating ▁earlier ▁walls . ▁It ▁is ▁priv ately ▁owned . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁contains ▁a ▁vic ar age ▁but ▁no ▁church ▁- ▁it ▁was ▁built ▁for ▁Add ingham ▁parish ▁church ▁one ▁mile ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁near ▁Glass on by . ▁ ▁Popular ▁with ▁walk ers ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁closest ▁village ▁to ▁L acy ' s ▁C aves ▁and ▁Long ▁Meg ▁and ▁Her ▁D aughters . ▁ ▁Transport ▁ ▁Little ▁S |
alk eld ▁can ▁be ▁reached ▁by ▁car ▁ 1 ½ ▁miles ▁from ▁Lang w ath by ▁off ▁the ▁A 6 8 6 , ▁approximately ▁ 6 ▁miles ▁from ▁M 6 ▁J 4 0 . ▁ ▁It ▁lies ▁on ▁the ▁C 2 C ▁Cy cle ▁Route . ▁ ▁Little ▁S alk eld ▁railway ▁station ▁on ▁the ▁S ett le - C arl isle ▁Railway ▁and ▁branch ▁line ▁to ▁the ▁Long ▁Meg ▁Mine ▁were ▁both ▁closed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁although ▁the ▁dis used ▁platforms ▁still ▁remain ▁and ▁the ▁station ▁building ▁is ▁well ▁maintained ▁as ▁a ▁private ▁house . ▁The ▁closest ▁station ▁is ▁. ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁the ▁Little ▁S alk eld ▁rail ▁accident ▁in ▁nearby ▁Long ▁Meg ▁Cut ting ▁killed ▁seven ▁people . ▁A ▁second ▁accident ▁occurred ▁at ▁the ▁station ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁one ▁railway man ▁and ▁injuries ▁to ▁a ▁further ▁five ▁members ▁of ▁railway ▁staff ▁and ▁thirty ▁passengers . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁connected ▁at ▁one ▁time ▁by ▁a ▁bridge ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁E den ▁to ▁Great ▁S alk eld . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ed ▁buildings ▁in ▁Hun son by ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁C umb ria ▁Category : Form er ▁civil ▁par ishes ▁in ▁C umb ria ▁Category : E den ▁District ▁Category : Water m ills ▁in ▁C umb ria <0x0A> </s> ▁Th ih ari ya ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁in |
▁G amp aha ▁District . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁nearly ▁ 9 km ▁away ▁from ▁G amp aha ▁town . ▁ ▁Category : Set t lement s ▁in ▁G amp aha ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 8 6 – 8 7 ▁NBA ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁Haw ks ' ▁ 3 8 th ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁NBA ▁and ▁their ▁ 1 9 th ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Atlanta . ▁The ▁Haw ks ▁finished ▁first ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁Division ▁with ▁a ▁franchise - best ▁record ▁of ▁ 5 7 – 2 5 . ▁Domin ique ▁Wil kins ▁made ▁the ▁All - N BA ▁Second ▁Team , ▁and ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁NBA ▁All - Star ▁Game . ▁In ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁play offs , ▁the ▁Haw ks ▁defeated ▁the ▁Indiana ▁Pac ers ▁in ▁four ▁games , ▁but ▁lost ▁in ▁five ▁games ▁to ▁the ▁ 3 rd - seed ed ▁Detroit ▁P ist ons ▁in ▁the ▁sem if inals . ▁ ▁D raft ▁picks ▁ ▁R oster ▁ ▁Regular ▁season ▁ ▁Season ▁stand ings ▁ ▁Notes ▁z , ▁y ▁– ▁division ▁champions ▁x ▁– ▁clin ched ▁play off ▁spot ▁ ▁Record ▁vs . ▁opponents ▁ ▁Game ▁log ▁ ▁Play offs ▁ ▁East ▁First ▁Round ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁Atlanta ▁Haw ks ▁vs . ▁( 7 ) ▁Indiana ▁Pac ers : ▁Haw ks ▁win ▁series ▁ 3 - 1 ▁Game ▁ 1 ▁@ ▁The ▁Om ni , ▁Atlanta ▁( Apr il ▁ 2 4 ): ▁Atlanta |
▁ 1 1 0 , ▁Indiana ▁ 9 4 ▁Game ▁ 2 ▁@ ▁The ▁Om ni , ▁Atlanta ▁( Apr il ▁ 2 6 ): ▁Atlanta ▁ 9 4 , ▁Indiana ▁ 9 3 ▁Game ▁ 3 ▁@ ▁Market ▁Square ▁Arena , ▁Indian apolis ▁( Apr il ▁ 2 9 ): ▁Indiana ▁ 9 6 , ▁Atlanta ▁ 8 7 ▁Game ▁ 4 ▁@ ▁Market ▁Square ▁Arena , ▁Indian apolis ▁( May ▁ 1 ): ▁Atlanta ▁ 1 0 1 , ▁Indiana ▁ 9 7 ▁ ▁Last ▁Play off ▁Meeting : ▁Not ▁available ▁( first ▁play off ▁series ) ▁ ▁East ▁Conference ▁Sem if inals ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁Atlanta ▁Haw ks ▁vs . ▁( 3 ) ▁Detroit ▁P ist ons : ▁'' P ist ons ▁win ▁series ▁ 4 - 1 ▁Game ▁ 1 ▁@ ▁The ▁Om ni , ▁Atlanta ▁( May ▁ 3 ): ▁Detroit ▁ 1 1 2 , ▁Atlanta ▁ 1 1 1 ▁Game ▁ 2 ▁@ ▁The ▁Om ni , ▁Atlanta ▁( May ▁ 5 ): ▁Atlanta ▁ 1 1 5 , ▁Detroit ▁ 1 0 2 ▁Game ▁ 3 ▁@ ▁Pont iac ▁Silver d ome , ▁Pont iac ▁( May ▁ 8 ): ▁Detroit ▁ 1 0 8 , ▁Atlanta ▁ 9 9 ▁Game ▁ 4 ▁@ ▁Pont iac ▁Silver d ome , ▁Pont iac ▁( May ▁ 1 0 ): ▁Detroit ▁ 8 9 , ▁Atlanta ▁ 8 8 ▁( Is iah ▁Thomas ▁makes ▁the ▁game - winning ▁lay up ▁with ▁ 1 ▁second ▁left ) |
▁Game ▁ 5 ▁@ ▁The ▁Om ni , ▁Atlanta ▁( May ▁ 1 3 ): ▁Detroit ▁ 1 0 4 , ▁Atlanta ▁ 9 6 ▁ ▁Last ▁Play off ▁Meeting : ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Eastern ▁Conference ▁First ▁Round ▁( At l anta ▁won ▁ 3 - 1 ) ▁ ▁Player ▁statistics ▁ ▁Season ▁ ▁Play offs ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁records ▁Stan ▁K ast en , ▁NBA ▁Executive ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Award ▁Domin ique ▁Wil kins , ▁All - N BA ▁Second ▁Team ▁ ▁Trans actions ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ 1 9 8 6 - 8 7 ▁NBA ▁season ▁ ▁Category : At l anta ▁Haw ks ▁seasons ▁Atlanta ▁Haw ▁Atlanta ▁Haw ▁Atlanta ▁Haw ks <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch arge back ▁fraud , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁friendly ▁fraud , ▁occurs ▁when ▁a ▁consumer ▁makes ▁an ▁online ▁shopping ▁purchase ▁with ▁their ▁own ▁credit ▁card , ▁and ▁then ▁requests ▁a ▁charge back ▁from ▁the ▁iss uing ▁bank ▁after ▁receiving ▁the ▁purchased ▁goods ▁or ▁services . ▁Once ▁approved , ▁the ▁charge back ▁can c els ▁the ▁financial ▁transaction , ▁and ▁the ▁consumer ▁receives ▁a ▁refund ▁of ▁the ▁money ▁they ▁spent . ▁When ▁a ▁charge back ▁occurs , ▁the ▁merchant ▁is ▁account able , ▁regardless ▁of ▁whatever ▁measures ▁they ▁took ▁to ▁verify ▁the ▁transaction . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁Friend ly ▁fraud ▁has ▁been ▁widespread ▁on ▁the ▁Internet , ▁affecting ▁both ▁the ▁sale ▁of ▁physical ▁products ▁and ▁digital ▁transactions . ▁To ▁combat ▁digital ▁transaction ▁fraud , ▁prep aid ▁cards ▁have ▁been ▁offered ▁as ▁an ▁effective |
▁alternative ▁to ▁ensure ▁customer ▁payment . ▁South ▁Korean ▁software ▁developers ▁such ▁as ▁N ex on ▁implemented ▁a ▁prep aid ▁system ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁combat ▁friendly ▁fraud , ▁selling ▁prep aid ▁cards ▁in ▁stores ▁such ▁as ▁Target . ▁ ▁Master Card ▁was ▁su ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁by ▁an ▁Internet ▁vendor ▁for ▁having ▁credit ▁card ▁policies ▁and ▁fees ▁that ▁have ▁made ▁Internet ▁vendors ▁especially ▁vulnerable ▁targets ▁of ▁friendly ▁fraud . ▁Internet ▁vendors ▁typically ▁have ▁to ▁pay ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁losses ▁when ▁a ▁fraud ulent ▁transaction ▁like ▁friendly ▁fraud ▁occurs . ▁ ▁In ▁recent ▁years , ▁a ▁new ▁variant ▁of ▁friendly ▁fraud , ▁involving ▁bank ▁trans fers ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁credit ▁card ▁payments , ▁has ▁been ▁documented ▁in ▁Europe . ▁SE PA ▁credit ▁trans fers ▁can ▁be ▁recalled ▁within ▁ 1 0 ▁working ▁days ▁of ▁settlement ▁by ▁the ▁pay er ' s ▁bank . ▁The ▁la x ▁handling ▁of ▁SE PA ▁S CT ▁Rec all ▁requests ▁by ▁some ▁banks ▁has ▁allowed ▁some ▁pay ers ▁to ▁fraud ul ently ▁recall ▁bank ▁trans fers ▁after ▁having ▁received ▁goods ▁or ▁services ▁from ▁the ▁pay ee . ▁ ▁Over view ▁ ▁Physical ▁products ▁ ▁Online ▁merch ants ▁who ▁sell ▁physical ▁products ▁cannot ▁fully ▁protect ▁themselves . ▁The ▁only ▁way ▁to ▁have ▁concrete ▁protection ▁is ▁to ▁take ▁an ▁im print ▁of ▁the ▁card ▁( and ▁even ▁with ▁card ▁readers / makers ▁this ▁can ▁easily ▁be ▁dup ed ), ▁along ▁with ▁photo ▁ID . ▁ ▁That ▁signature , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁information ▁gathered ▁online |
, ▁can ▁help ▁in ▁the ▁resolution ▁of ▁charge back ▁disput es ▁but ▁contract ually ▁is ▁no ▁guarantee . ▁ ▁Also , ▁the ▁merchant ▁can ▁request ▁the ▁card ▁security ▁code ▁on ▁the ▁credit ▁card ▁to ▁fight ▁" Card ▁absent ▁environment " ▁or ▁" Card ▁Not ▁Present " ▁( CN P ) ▁charge backs . ▁ ▁These ▁are ▁the ▁three ▁digit ▁codes ▁on ▁the ▁backs ▁of ▁Vis a , ▁Master Card , ▁and ▁Dis cover ▁cards , ▁and ▁the ▁four ▁digit ▁code ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁of ▁American ▁Express ▁cards . ▁ ▁Digital ▁transactions ▁▁ ▁Friend ly ▁fraud ▁th riv es ▁in ▁the ▁digital ▁products ▁market ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁much ▁easier ▁for ▁fraud sters ▁to ▁succeed . ▁ ▁Common ▁targets ▁include ▁porn ography ▁and ▁gambling ▁websites . ▁Att empt s ▁by ▁the ▁merchant ▁to ▁prove ▁that ▁the ▁consumer ▁received ▁the ▁purchased ▁goods ▁or ▁services ▁are ▁difficult . ▁ ▁Again , ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁card ▁security ▁codes ▁can ▁show ▁that ▁the ▁card holder ▁( or , ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁the ▁three - dig it ▁security ▁codes ▁written ▁on ▁the ▁backs ▁of ▁U . S ▁credit ▁cards , ▁someone ▁with ▁physical ▁possession ▁of ▁the ▁card ▁or ▁at ▁least ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁number ▁and ▁the ▁code ) ▁was ▁present , ▁but ▁even ▁the ▁entry ▁of ▁a ▁security ▁code ▁at ▁purchase ▁does ▁not ▁by ▁itself ▁prove ▁that ▁delivery ▁was ▁made , ▁especially ▁for ▁online ▁or ▁via - tele phone ▁purchases ▁where ▁shipping ▁occurs ▁after ▁final ization ▁of ▁the ▁contract . ▁ ▁Pro of ▁of ▁delivery ▁is ▁often ▁difficult , |
▁and ▁when ▁it ▁cannot ▁be ▁provided , ▁the ▁card holder ▁gets ▁the ▁product ▁without ▁paying ▁for ▁it . ▁ ▁One ▁method ▁of ▁comb ating ▁friendly ▁fraud ▁is ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁feature ▁in ▁the ▁product ▁that ▁checks ▁in ▁with ▁the ▁merchant ' s ▁database . ▁ ▁If ▁a ▁charge back ▁is ▁issued , ▁the ▁merchant ▁can ▁tell ▁the ▁product ▁to ▁suspend ▁service . ▁ ▁This ▁tact ic ▁will ▁also ▁work ▁for ▁digital ▁subscription ▁services ▁or ▁any ▁other ▁online ▁product ▁that ▁requires ▁updates ▁or ▁log ins . ▁The ▁merchant ▁will ▁usually ▁still ▁be ▁charged ▁a ▁fee ▁for ▁in cur ring ▁a ▁charge back , ▁so ▁this ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁complete ▁solution . ▁ ▁Call ▁center ▁transactions ▁ ▁Another ▁common ▁channel ▁for ▁charge backs ▁is ▁mail ▁order / tele phone ▁order ▁( M OT O ) ▁payment ▁processing ▁through ▁a ▁call ▁center . ▁ ▁In ▁this ▁case , ▁as ▁with ▁the ▁two ▁others ▁listed ▁here , ▁the ▁main ▁problem ▁is ▁that ▁this ▁is ▁a ▁card ▁not ▁present ▁transaction . ▁ ▁To ▁help ▁eliminate ▁call ▁center ▁purchase ▁charge backs , ▁call ▁centers ▁are ▁working ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁purchases ▁more ▁like ▁" card ▁present " ▁purchases . ▁ ▁When ▁consumers ▁walk ▁into ▁a ▁store ▁and ▁buy ▁something , ▁they ▁typically ▁sw ipe ▁their ▁credit ▁cards , ▁confirm ▁the ▁purchase ▁amount , ▁enter ▁a ▁secret ▁code ▁( or ▁sign ▁their ▁name ) ▁and ▁leave ▁with ▁the ▁merch and ise . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁" card ▁is ▁present " ▁purchase ▁and ▁fraud ulent ▁charge backs ▁in ▁these ▁situations ▁are |
▁almost ▁non - ex istent . ▁ ▁Agent - ass isted ▁autom ation ▁technology ▁is ▁available ▁for ▁call ▁centers ▁that ▁allows ▁customers ▁to ▁enter ▁their ▁credit ▁card ▁information , ▁including ▁the ▁card ▁security ▁code ▁directly ▁into ▁the ▁customer ▁relationship ▁management ▁software ▁without ▁the ▁agent ▁ever ▁seeing ▁or ▁hearing ▁it . ▁ ▁The ▁agent ▁remains ▁on ▁the ▁phone , ▁so ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁awkward ▁transfer ▁to ▁an ▁interactive ▁voice ▁response ▁system . ▁ ▁All ▁the ▁agent ▁can ▁hear ▁is ▁mon ot ones . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁" card ▁present " ▁equivalent ▁of ▁" sw ip ing " ▁the ▁card . ▁ ▁Before ▁the ▁purchase ▁is ▁submitted ▁by ▁the ▁agent , ▁the ▁purchase ▁amount ▁is ▁played ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁consumer ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁last ▁four ▁dig its ▁of ▁the ▁card . ▁ ▁The ▁consumer ▁is ▁asked ▁to ▁confirm ▁their ▁purchase ▁by ▁providing ▁a ▁ver bal ▁signature , ▁which ▁is ▁recorded . ▁ ▁Finally , ▁an ▁email ▁is ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁consumer ▁with ▁the ▁purchase ▁information ▁and ▁an ▁attached ▁audio ▁file ▁of ▁their ▁ver bal ▁signature . ▁ ▁Cost ▁to ▁Mer ch ants ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁study ▁by ▁Lex is N ex is ▁stated ▁that ▁charge back ▁fraud ▁costs ▁merch ants ▁$ 2 . 4 0 ▁for ▁every ▁$ 1 ▁lost . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁because ▁of ▁product - loss , ▁banking ▁fin es , ▁pen alties ▁and ▁administrative ▁costs . ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁study ▁by ▁the ▁A ite ▁Group ▁on ▁charge ▁back ▁costs , ▁stated ▁that ▁U |
. S . ▁C NP ▁fraud ▁losses ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁were ▁$ 4 ▁billion ▁and ▁estimated ▁that ▁by ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁they ▁would ▁rise ▁to ▁$ 6 . 4 ▁billion . ▁ ▁Pre vention ▁Method s ▁ ▁The ▁pro lifer ation ▁of ▁online ▁payment ▁methods , ▁including ▁mobile ▁apps , ▁and ▁the ▁increasing ▁sophistic ation ▁of ▁the ▁fraud ulent ▁actors , ▁including ▁b ots , ▁have ▁made ▁the ▁task ▁of ▁detect ing ▁and ▁preventing ▁C BF , ▁particularly ▁online ▁C BF , ▁more ▁complex . ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁G art ner ▁report ▁on ▁online ▁fraud , ▁retail ers ▁are ▁increasingly ▁turning ▁to ▁machine - learning ▁based ▁( or ▁AI ) ▁fraud ▁prevention ▁system ▁to ▁make ▁rapid , ▁effective ▁risk ▁decisions . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : C redit ▁card ▁termin ology <0x0A> </s> ▁Family ▁tradition , ▁also ▁called ▁Family ▁culture , ▁is ▁defined ▁as ▁an ▁aggregate ▁of ▁attitudes , ▁ideas ▁and ▁ide als , ▁and ▁environment , ▁which ▁a ▁person ▁inher its ▁from ▁his / her ▁parents ▁and ▁ancestors . ▁ ▁Modern ▁studies ▁of ▁family ▁traditions ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁The ▁study ▁of ▁Family ▁tradition ▁and ▁personality ▁has ▁attracted ▁attention ▁of ▁social ▁scientists . ▁Ernest ▁W . ▁Burg ess , ▁Professor ▁of ▁Soci ology , ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago , ▁has ▁defined ▁the ▁term ▁in ▁these ▁words : ▁ ▁“ Wh atever ▁its ▁biological ▁inherit ance ▁from ▁its ▁parents ▁and ▁other ▁ancestors , ▁the ▁child ▁receives ▁also ▁from ▁them ▁a ▁heritage ▁of ▁attitudes , ▁sent iments |
, ▁and ▁ide als ▁which ▁may ▁be ▁term ed ▁the ▁family ▁tradition , ▁or ▁the ▁family ▁culture ”. ▁▁ ▁Sometimes , ▁family ▁traditions ▁are ▁associated ▁ ▁with ▁practices ▁and ▁beliefs ▁which ▁are ▁handed ▁over ▁from ▁one ▁generation ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁generation , ▁and ▁during ▁this ▁process ▁of ▁transmission ▁such ▁family ▁traditions ▁also ▁acquire ▁an ▁a ura ▁of ▁spiritual ity . ▁Trans mission ▁of ▁any ▁set ▁of ▁such ▁family ▁traditions , ▁acqu iring ▁spiritual ▁significance , ▁is ▁largely ▁an ▁intu itive ▁phenomenon , ▁and ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁family ▁traditions ▁continue ▁without ▁any ▁intention , ▁and ▁the ▁same ▁continue ▁to ▁move ▁on ▁from ▁one ▁generation ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁generation . ▁Family ▁traditions ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁families ▁remain ▁largely ▁conf ined ▁within ▁the ▁family ▁members , ▁but ▁some ▁times , ▁non - family ▁members ▁may ▁also ▁get ▁associated ▁with ▁particular ▁family ' s ▁family ▁traditions . ▁ ▁Function ing ▁of ▁family ▁traditions ▁ ▁Hal bw ach s ▁in ▁his ▁book ▁On ▁Collect ive ▁Me are ▁revealed ▁only ▁to ▁its ▁members . ▁But ▁these ▁memories , ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁religious ▁traditions ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁ant iqu ity , ▁consist ▁not ▁only ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁individual ▁images ▁of ▁the ▁past . ▁They ▁are ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁models , ▁examples , ▁and ▁elements ▁of ▁teaching . ▁They ▁express ▁the ▁general ▁attitude ▁of ▁the ▁group ; ▁they ▁not ▁only ▁reproduce ▁its ▁history ▁but ▁also ▁define ▁its ▁nature ▁and ▁its ▁qualities ▁and ▁weakness es ”. ▁▁ ▁Ant iqu ity ▁of ▁family ▁traditions ▁ ▁Family ▁traditions ▁have ▁their |
▁roots ▁in ▁distant ▁past , ▁ ▁to ▁pre - hist oric ▁times , ▁when ▁the ▁concept ▁and ▁system ▁of ▁family ▁as ▁a ▁unit ▁of ▁society ▁was ▁cryst all ized . ▁In ▁all ▁ages ▁and ▁in ▁all ▁civil izations , ▁since ▁the ▁ancient ▁time ▁to ▁the ▁present ▁day , ▁families ▁have ▁taken ▁pride ▁in ▁their ▁traditions . ▁Before ▁nuclear ▁family ▁systems ▁became ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁the ▁day , ▁there ▁used ▁to ▁be ▁joint ▁family ▁system , ▁consisting ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁family ▁members ▁of ▁two ▁or ▁even ▁three ▁generations , ▁living ▁together . ▁▁ ▁Then , ▁as ▁also ▁now , ▁ ▁several ▁families ▁like ▁to ▁identify ▁a ▁particular ▁person ▁as ▁the ▁ke eper ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁traditions ▁and ▁assign ▁a ▁particular ▁name ▁to ▁the ▁ke eper . ▁Thus , ▁a ▁particular ▁family , ▁res iding ▁in ▁the ▁modern ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁may ▁assign ▁a ▁catch y ▁name ▁like ▁“ K ee per ▁of ▁the ▁Fl ame ” ▁to ▁the ▁identified ▁family ▁member , ▁entr usted ▁with ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁ensuring ▁observ ance ▁of ▁that ▁particular ▁family ’ s ▁family ▁traditions . ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁globe , ▁in ▁a ▁country ▁like ▁India , ▁the ▁society ▁has ▁assigned ▁a ▁common ▁nom en cl ature ▁for ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁a ▁Hindu ▁Und iv ided ▁Family ▁( H U F ), ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁joint ▁family . ▁Head ▁of ▁such ▁a ▁family ▁is ▁called ▁ ▁“ K arta ” ▁( literal ▁meaning ▁‘ One ▁who ▁does ’ ), ▁and ▁for ▁all ▁practical ▁purposes , ▁“ K arta |
” ▁was ▁entr usted ▁with ▁respons ibilities , ▁among ▁other ▁things , ▁to ▁ensure ▁observ ance ▁of ▁family ▁traditions . ▁Even , ▁modern ▁India ' s ▁legal ▁system ▁recogn izes ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁“ K arta ” ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁a ▁Hindu ▁joint ▁family . ▁▁ ▁Classic ▁examples ▁of ▁family ▁traditions ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁classic ▁examples ▁of ▁family ▁traditions ▁of ▁the ▁modern ▁era ▁is ▁the ▁family ▁traditions ▁of ▁the ▁present ▁royal ▁family ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain . ▁One ▁of ▁such ▁family ▁traditions ▁en join ▁upon ▁male ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁present ▁British ▁royal ▁family ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁the ▁armed ▁forces . ▁A ▁BBC ▁report ▁has ▁announced ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁that ▁“ Pr ince ▁Harry ’ s ▁decision ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁Army ▁means ▁he ▁will ▁follow ▁a ▁long ▁family ▁tradition ▁of ▁serving ▁the ▁military .” ▁Before ▁him , ▁his ▁uncle , ▁Prince ▁Andrew , ▁had ▁joined ▁the ▁Navy ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁Prince ▁Harry ’ s ▁other ▁uncle , ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁had ▁joined ▁the ▁Royal ▁Mar ines ▁as ▁a ▁second ▁lieutenant ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁Prince ▁Harry ’ s ▁father , ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales , ▁was ▁appointed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁as ▁colon el - in - ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Regiment ▁of ▁Wales . ▁Harry ’ s ▁grandfather , ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Edinburgh , ▁had ▁joined ▁the ▁Navy ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁and ▁had ▁also ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁▁ |
▁Family ▁traditions ▁in ▁the ▁modern ▁context ▁ ▁Mean ing ful ▁family ▁traditions ▁have ▁always ▁been ▁a ▁valuable ▁tool ▁for ▁parents ▁and ▁el ders ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁raising ▁children ▁and ▁inc ul c ating ▁into ▁them ▁social ▁values ▁and ▁eth os . ▁Family ▁traditions ▁ensure ▁that ▁the ▁warmth ▁and ▁clos eness ▁of ▁family ▁bond age ▁grow . ▁In ▁the ▁modern ▁context , ▁maintenance ▁of ▁and ▁developing ▁family ▁traditions ▁continue ▁to ▁be ▁as ▁significant ▁as ▁they ▁were ▁at ▁the ▁earliest ▁times . ▁Active ▁family ▁traditions ▁and ▁meaningful ▁participation ▁in ▁them ▁help ▁families ▁to ▁avoid ▁social ▁entropy . ▁In ▁physical ▁science , ▁the ▁term ▁entropy ▁means ▁the ▁tendency ▁of ▁the ▁physical ▁system ▁to ▁lose ▁energy ▁and ▁co her ence ▁over ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁time , ▁like ▁a ▁gas ▁diss ip ating ▁until ▁it ▁is ▁all ▁but ▁gone . ▁An ▁" ent ropic ▁family " ▁is ▁one ▁that ▁los es ▁its ▁sense ▁of ▁emotional ▁clos eness ▁because ▁members ▁neglect ▁the ▁family ’ s ▁inner ▁life ▁and ▁community ▁ties . ▁ ▁Social ▁scientists ▁now ▁agree ▁that ▁effective ▁family ▁traditions ▁promote ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁identity ▁and ▁a ▁feeling ▁of ▁clos eness , ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁security ▁and ▁ass urance ▁in ▁today ’ s ▁fast , ▁he ctic , ▁and ▁ever - changing ▁world . ▁William ▁Do her ty , ▁a ▁social ▁scientist ▁has ▁explained ▁in ▁his ▁book ▁" The ▁Intent ional ▁Family '' " ▁that ▁as ▁family ▁bonds ▁are ▁weak ened ▁by ▁busy ▁lif est yles , ▁families ▁can ▁stay ▁connected ▁only ▁by ▁being ▁intent ional |
▁about ▁maintaining ▁important ▁rit uals ▁and ▁traditions . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Family ▁cook books ▁ ▁Silva ▁r er um ▁– ▁Polish ▁" home ▁chron icles " ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Family <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁green ▁tur aco ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁four ▁tax a ▁of ▁tur ac os , ▁which ▁once ▁were ▁considered ▁cons pec ific ▁under ▁the ▁scientific ▁name ▁T aur aco ▁pers a , ▁but ▁now ▁are ▁treated ▁as ▁four ▁separate ▁species : ▁▁ ▁Gu inea ▁( or ▁green ) ▁tur aco , ▁T aur aco ▁pers a ▁ ▁Sch al ow ' s ▁tur aco , ▁T aur aco ▁sch al owi ▁ ▁Living stone ' s ▁tur aco , ▁T aur aco ▁living ston ii ▁ ▁Kn ys na ▁tur aco , ▁T aur aco ▁c ory tha ix ▁ ▁Tur ac os ▁Category : B ird s ▁by ▁common ▁name <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Veg al ta ▁Send ai ▁season ▁was ▁Veg al ta ▁Send ai ' s ▁fourth ▁consecutive ▁season ▁and ▁sixth ▁season ▁overall ▁in ▁J . Le ague ▁Division ▁ 1 . ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁their ▁runner - up ▁finish ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season , ▁the ▁team ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁A FC ▁Champions ▁League . ▁ ▁Send ai ▁also ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Emperor ' s ▁Cup ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁J . Le ague ▁Cup . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁manager ▁Mak oto |
▁T eg ur am ori ' s ▁last ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁club , ▁having ▁accepted ▁a ▁position ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Japan ▁U - 2 3 ▁team . ▁ ▁In ▁mid - season ▁Veg al ta ▁Send ai ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁A - Le ague ' s ▁Graham ▁Arnold ▁would ▁manage ▁the ▁team ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁season . ▁ ▁Players ▁As ▁of ▁March ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁Out ▁on ▁loan ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Season ▁Trans fers ▁ ▁Compet itions ▁ ▁J . Le ague ▁ ▁League ▁table ▁ ▁Mat ches ▁ ▁J . Le ague ▁Cup ▁ ▁Quarter final ▁ ▁Emperor ' s ▁Cup ▁ ▁Quarter final ▁ ▁A FC ▁Champions ▁League ▁ ▁Group ▁stage ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Veg al ta ▁Send ai ▁Category : V eg al ta ▁Send ai ▁seasons <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁cap er ▁story ▁is ▁a ▁sub gen re ▁of ▁crime ▁fiction . ▁ ▁The ▁typical ▁cap er ▁story ▁involves ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁crimes ▁( especially ▁theft s , ▁sw ind les , ▁or ▁occasionally ▁kidn appings ) ▁perpet rated ▁by ▁the ▁main ▁characters ▁in ▁full ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁reader . ▁The ▁actions ▁of ▁police ▁or ▁detect ives ▁attempting ▁to ▁prevent ▁or ▁solve ▁the ▁crimes ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁chronic led , ▁but ▁are ▁not ▁the ▁main ▁focus ▁of ▁the ▁story . ▁ ▁The ▁cap er ▁story ▁is ▁distinguished ▁from ▁the ▁straight ▁crime ▁story ▁by ▁elements ▁of ▁humor , ▁adventure , ▁or ▁unusual ▁clever ness ▁or ▁aud |
acity . ▁ ▁For ▁instance , ▁the ▁Dort m under ▁stories ▁of ▁Donald ▁E . ▁West l ake ▁are ▁highly ▁comic ▁tales ▁involving ▁unusual ▁theft s ▁by ▁a ▁gang ▁of ▁off beat ▁characters ▁— ▁in ▁different ▁stories ▁Dort m under ' s ▁gang ▁ste als ▁the ▁same ▁gem ▁several ▁times , ▁ste als ▁an ▁entire ▁branch ▁bank , ▁and ▁kidn aps ▁someone ▁from ▁an ▁as yl um ▁by ▁driving ▁a ▁stolen ▁train ▁onto ▁the ▁property . ▁ ▁By ▁contrast , ▁the ▁same ▁author ' s ▁Parker ▁stories ▁( published ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁Richard ▁St ark ) ▁are ▁grim ly ▁straightforward ▁accounts ▁of ▁m und ane ▁crime ▁— ▁the ▁criminal ▁equivalent ▁of ▁the ▁police ▁proced ural . ▁Others , ▁such ▁as ▁Lawrence ▁Block ' s ▁Bernie ▁Rh oden bar r ▁novels , ▁feature ▁a ▁role ▁revers al , ▁an ▁honest ▁criminal ▁and ▁cro oked ▁cop , ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁bur gl ar ▁Rh oden bar r ' s ▁criminal ▁talents ▁to ▁solve ▁mur ders . ▁ ▁A ▁cap er ▁may ▁appear ▁as ▁a ▁sub plot ▁in ▁a ▁larger ▁work . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁Tom ▁Saw yer ' s ▁plot ▁to ▁steal ▁Jim ▁out ▁of ▁slavery ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁part ▁of ▁H uck le berry ▁Finn ▁is ▁a ▁classic ▁cap er . ▁ ▁E ty m ology ▁ ▁The ▁verb ▁to ▁cap er ▁means ▁to ▁leap ▁in ▁a ▁fro lic some ▁way , ▁and ▁probably ▁der ives ▁from ▁cap ri ole , ▁which ▁der ives ▁from ▁the ▁Latin ▁for ▁go at ▁( Cap |
ra ). ▁The ▁n oun ▁cap er ▁means ▁a ▁fro lic some ▁leap , ▁a ▁cap ric ious ▁esc ap ade ▁or ▁an ▁illegal ▁or ▁question able ▁act . ▁ ▁Examples ▁ ▁Liter ature ▁▁ ▁" The ▁R ans om ▁of ▁Red ▁Chief " ▁( 1 9 1 0 ) ▁by ▁O . ▁Henry : ▁two ▁kidn appers ▁find ▁that ▁the ▁little ▁boy ▁they ▁are ▁holding ▁for ▁r ans om ▁is ▁more ▁dangerous ▁than ▁the ▁law ▁ ▁early ▁stories ▁of ▁" The ▁Saint " ▁( begin ning ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ) ▁by ▁Les lie ▁Ch arter is ▁ ▁The ▁As ph alt ▁J ungle ▁( 1 9 4 9 ) ▁by ▁W . ▁R . ▁Burn ett , ▁adapted ▁for ▁film ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁ ▁novels ▁by ▁John ▁Bol and ▁such ▁as ▁The ▁League ▁of ▁Gent le men ▁( 1 9 5 8 ) ▁ ▁and ▁The ▁Golden ▁F lee ce ▁( 1 9 6 1 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Light ▁of ▁Day ▁( 1 9 6 2 ) ▁by ▁Eric ▁Am bler ▁( fil med ▁as ▁Top k api ) ▁ ▁the ▁Mod esty ▁Bl aise ▁stories ▁( begin ning ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ) ▁of ▁Peter ▁O ' Don nell ▁ ▁the ▁John ▁Dort m under ▁series ▁( begin ning ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁and ▁other ▁novels ▁by ▁Donald ▁E . ▁West l |
ake ▁ ▁S ledge ham mer ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁by ▁Walter ▁W ager ▁ ▁A ▁T ough ▁One ▁to ▁L ose ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁by ▁Tony ▁Ken rick , ▁who ▁is ▁often ▁compared ▁with ▁West l ake ▁— ▁an ▁entire ▁air plane ▁and ▁hundreds ▁of ▁passengers ▁go ▁missing ; ▁how ▁did ▁this ▁happen ? ▁ ▁The ▁Taking ▁of ▁Pel ham ▁One ▁Two ▁Three ▁( 1 9 7 3 ) ▁by ▁John ▁G ode y — ▁a ▁sub way ▁car ▁is ▁hij acked ▁and ▁held ▁for ▁r ans om ▁ ▁The ▁Great ▁Train ▁Rob bery ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁by ▁Michael ▁C richt on ▁ ▁Ste aling ▁L ill ian ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁by ▁Tony ▁Ken rick ▁— ▁A ▁con ▁artist ▁is ▁en listed ▁to ▁stage ▁a ▁kidn apping ▁to ▁capture ▁some ▁terror ists ▁( film ▁rights ▁were ▁purchased , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁dust ▁jacket , ▁but ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁never ▁made ) ▁ ▁The ▁Seven ▁Day ▁Sold iers ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁by ▁Tony ▁Ken rick ▁— ▁three ▁subur ban ites ▁rob ▁a ▁bank ▁by ▁mail , ▁then ▁must ▁battle ▁the ▁m af ioso ▁whom ▁they ▁ro bb ed ▁( film ▁rights ▁were ▁purchased , ▁to ▁be ▁directed ▁by ▁Robert ▁Ald rich ▁and ▁to ▁star ▁Steve ▁Mc Que en , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁dust ▁jacket , ▁but ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁never ▁made ) ▁ ▁Far ad ay ' s ▁Flow ers ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁— ▁adapted ▁as |
▁Shanghai ▁Sur prise ▁ ▁Two ▁L ucky ▁People ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁by ▁Tony ▁Ken rick ▁— ▁A ▁man ▁and ▁woman , ▁both ▁with ▁only ▁weeks ▁to ▁live , ▁decide ▁to ▁spend ▁their ▁last ▁days ▁defe ating ▁a ▁criminal ▁... ▁in ▁a ▁far c ical ▁way . ▁ ▁Gl itter bug ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁by ▁Tony ▁Ken rick ▁— ▁An ▁am nes iac ▁must ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁many ▁crim inals ▁who ▁made ▁him ▁this ▁way ▁( film ▁rights ▁were ▁purchased ▁by ▁Tri Star ▁Pictures ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁vehicle ▁for ▁Bruce ▁Will is , ▁but ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁never ▁made ) ▁ ▁Sw ind le ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁By ▁Gordon ▁K orm an ▁ ▁The ▁L ies ▁of ▁Loc ke ▁Lam ora ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁by ▁Scott ▁Lyn ch ▁ ▁He ist ▁Society ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁by ▁Al ly ▁Carter ▁ ▁C aper ▁film ▁ ▁Television ▁▁ ▁Now ▁You ▁See ▁It , ▁Now ▁You ▁Don ' t , ▁a ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁TV - m ovie ▁about ▁an ▁art ▁expert ▁who ▁is ▁hired ▁by ▁an ▁insurance ▁company ▁to ▁protect ▁a ▁Rem brand t ▁on ▁loan ▁from ▁the ▁Lou vre ▁and ▁later ▁hat ches ▁a ▁scheme ▁to ▁steal ▁it ▁ ▁H ust le , ▁a ▁British ▁series ▁created ▁by ▁Tony ▁Jordan ▁( 2 0 0 4 – 2 0 1 2 ). ▁ ▁Le verage , ▁a ▁T NT ▁series ▁created ▁by ▁Dean ▁Dev lin ▁( 2 0 0 |
8 – 2 0 1 2 ). ▁ ▁O ls en - band en , ▁a ▁Dan ish ▁comedy ▁series . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Canadian ▁C aper ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Cr ime ▁fiction ▁Category : F iction ▁by ▁genre ▁Category : M yst ery ▁fiction <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁D ew ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁opera ▁director . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁artistic ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁St aat st he ater ▁D arm stadt . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁D ew ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁in ▁Santiago ▁de ▁Cuba , ▁but ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁England ▁at ▁age ▁three . ▁ ▁He ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁Pr att ▁Institute ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁where ▁he ▁gained ▁a ▁Bachelor ▁of ▁Arts ▁degree , ▁after ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁app rent iced ▁to ▁Walter ▁F els en stein ▁and ▁W iel and ▁W agner . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁assistant ▁producer ▁in ▁O sn ab r ück ▁and ▁Ul m , ▁his ▁first ▁production ▁being ▁De ▁Grand es ' s ▁Edu ward ▁and ▁Ken eg unde ▁in ▁Ul m . ▁ ▁His ▁fre el ance ▁work ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁took ▁him ▁to ▁K iel , ▁Mann heim , ▁Han over ▁and ▁Bas el ▁where ▁he ▁mounted ▁several ▁produ ctions , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁Ring ▁cycle ▁and ▁various ▁Moz art ▁oper as ▁in ▁K ref eld |
. ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁director ▁of ▁produ ctions ▁and ▁artistic ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁B iele feld ▁Opera ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁His ▁work ▁there ▁included ▁a ▁cycle ▁of ▁ 4 0 ▁so - called ▁Ent art ete ▁works ▁- ▁re dis covered ▁works ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁banned ▁by ▁the ▁Naz is . ▁▁ ▁After ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁he ▁directed ▁produ ctions ▁at ▁the ▁De utsche ▁Oper ▁Berlin , ▁the ▁Staats oper ▁Hamburg , ▁the ▁Royal ▁Opera ▁House ▁Cov ent ▁Garden , ▁the ▁Houston ▁Grand ▁Opera , ▁ ▁the ▁Wi ener ▁Staats oper , ▁the ▁Bad ische ▁Staats oper , ▁ ▁Oper ▁Leip zig , ▁the ▁Opera ▁Com ique , ▁the ▁Zur ich ▁Opera , ▁Te atro ▁Real ▁Madrid , ▁Got hen burg ▁Opera ▁and ▁the ▁State ▁Opera ▁Pr ague . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁artistic ▁director ▁at ▁the ▁Theater ▁Dort mund ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁His ▁work ▁there ▁included ▁a ▁cycle ▁of ▁French ▁oper as ▁including ▁Gust ave ▁Char pent ier ' s ▁Louise ▁and ▁Jul ien , ▁Mey er be er ' s ▁Din or ah , ▁Blo ch ' s ▁Mac b eth , ▁Ber lio z ' ▁Les ▁T roy ens , ▁R ous sel ' s ▁Pad m â v at î , ▁and ▁Hal év y ' s ▁La ▁Ju ive . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁D ew |
▁st aged ▁W agner ' s ▁Lo hen gr in ▁at ▁the ▁Stad tt he ater ▁Mind en , ▁with ▁the ▁Nord west de utsche ▁Phil harm onie ▁conducted ▁by ▁Frank ▁Be erm ann . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ors ▁ ▁In ▁appreciation ▁for ▁his ▁services ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁nation , ▁he ▁has ▁been ▁hon ored ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁‘ Off ic ier ▁dans ▁l ´ ord re ▁des ▁Arts ▁et ▁des ▁L ett res ’. ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Carl ▁Or ff ▁prize ▁for ▁his ▁ded ication ▁to ▁producing ▁the ▁works ▁of ▁Carl ▁Or ff , ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁opera ▁G ise i , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁world ▁premi ere , ▁st aged ▁at ▁the ▁St aat st he ater ▁D arm stadt ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁BO OK : ▁Ent art et ▁Ver dr äng t ▁Ver g essen ▁- ▁B iele fel ds ▁Oper ▁er he bt ▁Ein sp ru ch ▁ 1 9 8 0 - 1 9 9 3 ▁P UB L IS HED ▁BY : ▁West f alen ▁Ver lag ▁ ▁DVD : ▁John ▁D ew , ▁Opera ▁Produ cer ▁- ▁A ▁Port rait . ▁John ▁D ew , ▁Opera ▁Produ cer ▁- ▁A ▁Port rait ▁... ▁Run ▁time : ▁ 0 0 : 4 4 : 0 0 . ▁Director : ▁Hub ert ▁Or tk emper ▁/ ▁John ▁D ew . ▁Pro duc ers : ▁Unit el ▁http :// www . c major |
- ent ertain ment . com / c atalogue / show / id / 7 1 1 ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : B rit ish ▁opera ▁directors ▁Category : 1 9 4 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁" I ▁Al one " ▁is ▁the ▁second ▁single ▁from ▁Live ' s ▁album , ▁Throw ing ▁Cop per . ▁The ▁single ▁was ▁released ▁to ▁radio ▁stations ▁in ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁but ▁was ▁only ▁released ▁commer c ially ▁overseas . ▁It ▁reached ▁# 6 ▁on ▁the ▁Bill board ▁Modern ▁Rock ▁Tr acks ▁chart . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁ranked ▁ 6 2 nd ▁best ▁song ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁by ▁V H 1 . ▁ ▁Lead ▁singer ▁Ed ▁K ow al czy k ▁said ▁of ▁the ▁song ' s ▁lyrics , ▁" People ▁think ▁' I ▁Al one ' ▁is ▁a ▁love ▁song ▁but ▁it ▁really ▁wasn ' t . ▁The ▁lyrics ▁were ▁more ▁abstract , ▁en compass ing ▁a ▁much ▁larger ▁message ." ▁He ▁explained ▁the ▁line , ▁" The ▁greatest ▁of ▁teachers ▁won ' t ▁hes itate ▁to ▁leave ▁you ▁there ▁by ▁yourself ▁ch ained ▁to ▁fate ," ▁by ▁saying ▁that ▁a ▁profound ▁lesson ▁he ▁derived ▁from ▁studying ▁spiritual ▁teach ings ▁was ▁that ▁religion ▁and ▁truth ▁must ▁be ▁found ▁for ▁ones elf ▁and ▁pract iced , ▁rather ▁than ▁just ▁accepting ▁the ▁word ▁of ▁others . ▁ ▁Live ▁performed ▁" I ▁Al one " ▁at ▁the ▁Wood stock ▁' 9 9 ▁festival |
▁on ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁in ▁Rome , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁TV ▁shows ▁H omic ide : ▁Life ▁on ▁the ▁Street , ▁Be avis ▁and ▁But t - head , ▁Hind s ight , ▁My ▁So - Called ▁Life , ▁and ▁Sil icon ▁Valley . ▁ ▁Com position ▁" I ▁Al one " ▁is ▁written ▁in ▁the ▁key ▁of ▁G ▁major ▁( record ed ▁a ▁half ▁step ▁lower ▁in ▁G ♭ ▁major ). ▁K ow al czy k ' s ▁vocal ▁range ▁sp ans ▁from ▁C # 3 - G 4 . ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Track ▁list ings ▁All ▁songs ▁written ▁by ▁Live : ▁ ▁Australian ▁releases ▁" I ▁Al one " ▁- ▁ 3 : 5 5 ▁" P ain ▁L ies ▁on ▁the ▁Rivers ide " ▁- ▁ 5 : 1 1 ▁" S elling ▁the ▁Dr ama " ▁( Ac oustic ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 4 0 ▁ ▁UK ▁releases ▁and ▁German ▁CD ▁" I ▁Al one " ▁- ▁ 3 : 5 6 ▁" I ▁Al one " ▁( Ac oustic ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 4 8 ▁" P ain ▁L ies ▁on ▁the ▁Rivers ide " ▁- ▁ 5 : 1 3 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁" I ▁Al one " ▁Music ▁Video ▁via ▁YouTube ▁ ▁Category : Live ▁( band ) ▁songs ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁singles ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Ed |
▁K ow al czy k ▁Category : S ong ▁record ings ▁produced ▁by ▁Jerry ▁Harrison ▁Category : Radio active ▁Records ▁singles ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁songs ▁Category : R ock ▁ball ads <0x0A> </s> ▁Dr . ▁Antonio ▁S . ▁Ped re ira ▁( J une ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 8 9 9 – Oct ober ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 3 9 ), ▁was ▁a ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁author ▁and ▁educ ator . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁Ped re ira ▁( wh ose ▁full ▁name ▁was ▁Antonio ▁Salvador ▁Ped re ira ▁P izar ro ) ▁was ▁born ▁into ▁a ▁well - to - do ▁family ▁in ▁San ▁Juan . ▁His ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁Sp ani ard , ▁and ▁his ▁mother ▁was ▁Puerto ▁R ican . ▁ ▁Both ▁died ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁quite ▁young , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁there after ▁raised ▁by ▁his ▁god parents ▁in ▁C agu as . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁interested ▁in ▁the ▁art ▁of ▁writing ▁stories ▁as ▁a ▁child ▁during ▁his ▁primary ▁and ▁secondary ▁school ▁years . ▁He ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁after ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁high ▁school ▁and ▁earned ▁his ▁teachers ▁certificate . ▁ ▁National ist ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁Ped re ira ▁traveled ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁with ▁the ▁intention ▁of ▁becoming ▁a ▁medical ▁doctor ▁and ▁en rolled ▁in ▁the ▁school ▁of ▁medicine ▁of ▁Columbia ▁University ▁in ▁that ▁city . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁exposed ▁to ▁the ▁real ities ▁of ▁racial ▁discrimination , ▁which ▁was ▁ramp ant ▁in ▁the |
▁city ▁at ▁that ▁time , ▁during ▁his ▁brief ▁stay . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁many ▁factors ▁which ▁influenced ▁Ped re ira ▁decision ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁National ist ▁movement ▁while ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁becoming ▁an ▁open ▁advocate ▁for ▁Puerto ▁Rico ' s ▁independence . ▁ ▁He ▁dropped ▁out ▁of ▁medical ▁school ▁because ▁of ▁financial ▁problems ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁Puerto ▁Rico . ▁ ▁In ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁he ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁scholarship ▁by ▁the ▁government ▁and ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁once ▁again . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁Ped re ira ▁earned ▁a ▁Bachelor ▁of ▁Arts ▁degree . ▁He ▁continued ▁his ▁higher ▁education ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁earned ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁Let ters . ▁Ped r eria ▁then ▁moved ▁to ▁Spain ▁to ▁pursue ▁a ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁Philosoph y ▁and ▁Let ters ▁at ▁the ▁Central ▁University ▁of ▁Madrid , ▁which ▁he ▁earned ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁his ▁hom eland ▁upon ▁gradu ation . ▁ ▁Author ▁Ped re ira ▁held ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁professor ▁of ▁Spanish ▁literature ▁at ▁both ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁and ▁Columbia ▁University . ▁ ▁Eventually , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁named ▁him ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁His panic ▁Studies . ▁ ▁Ped re ira ▁believed ▁that ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁was ▁in ▁danger ▁of ▁losing ▁its ▁cultural ▁identity ▁and ▁expressed ▁his ▁beliefs ▁in ▁a ▁daily ▁column ▁titled ▁" A cl ar aciones ▁y ▁crít icas " ▁( Cl ar |
ification ▁and ▁criticism ), ▁published ▁in ▁El ▁M undo ▁newspaper . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁founded ▁and ▁co - ed ited ▁a ▁magazine ▁that ▁went ▁by ▁the ▁title ▁" Ind ice ". ▁A ▁handful ▁of ▁scholars ▁have ▁studied ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁Eug en io ▁María ▁de ▁Host os ▁as ▁he ▁did . ▁ ▁Ins ular ismo ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁Ped re ira ▁auth ored ▁his ▁most ▁important ▁book , ▁Ins ular ismo , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁expl ores ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁being ▁Puerto ▁R ican . ▁ ▁This ▁includes ▁an ▁in - depth ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁inter tw ining ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish , ▁T ain o ▁and ▁African ▁cultures . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁book ▁he ▁also ▁talks ▁about ▁the ▁cultural ▁survival ▁of ▁the ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁identity ▁after ▁the ▁island ▁was ▁inv aded ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Wr itten ▁works ▁Other ▁works ▁by ▁Ped re ira ▁are : ▁▁ ▁Art istas ▁( 1 9 3 0 ) ▁▁ ▁Host os , ▁ciudad ano ▁de ▁Am érica ▁( 1 9 3 2 ) ▁▁ ▁La ▁actual idad ▁del ▁j í bar o ▁( 1 9 3 5 ) ▁▁ ▁El ▁año ▁terrible ▁del ▁ 8 7 ' ▁( 1 9 3 7 ) ▁ ▁After math ▁Dr . ▁Antonio ▁S . ▁Ped re ira ▁died ▁of ▁p neum onia ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁in ▁San ▁Juan . ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁has ▁hon ored ▁his ▁memory ▁by ▁n aming ▁a ▁school ▁and ▁a ▁main |
▁av enue ▁with ▁his ▁name . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁active ▁member ▁of ▁Ph i ▁E ta ▁Mu ▁fr atern ity , ▁besides ▁that , ▁other ▁associations ▁recognized ▁his ▁importance ▁in ▁the ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁culture . ▁The ▁best ▁example ▁is ▁that ▁starting ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁Ph i ▁S igma ▁Alpha ▁fr atern ity ▁gave ▁the ▁annual ▁" P rem io ▁Antonio ▁S . ▁Ped re ira " ▁award ▁to ▁the ▁most ▁outstanding ▁student ▁in ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁Liter ature ▁in ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁writers ▁List ▁of ▁Puerto ▁R icans ▁ ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁literature ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁San ▁Juan , ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁people ▁of ▁Gal ician ▁descent ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁writers ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁national ists ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁independence ▁activ ists <0x0A> </s> ▁John nie ▁is ▁a ▁pop ulated ▁place ▁in ▁N ye ▁County , ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Nevada ▁about ▁ 1 5 ▁miles ▁north ▁of ▁ ▁P ahr ump . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁John nie ▁Mine , ▁located ▁about ▁ 4 ▁miles ▁nort heast ▁of ▁John nie , ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁when ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁five ▁prospect ors ▁were ▁exploring ▁the ▁area ▁in ▁search ▁of ▁the ▁Lost ▁B rey f |
ogle ▁mine . ▁▁ ▁The ▁John nie ▁Mine ▁produced ▁between ▁$ 3 8 2 , 6 8 1 ▁and ▁over ▁a ▁million ▁dollars ▁by ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁Out cro ps ▁of ▁gold ▁were ▁discovered ▁in ▁the ▁nearby ▁Spring ▁Mountains , ▁and ▁the ▁discovery ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁rush ▁of ▁min ers ▁to ▁the ▁area . ▁The ▁community ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁Indian ▁John nie , ▁an ▁acqu aint ance ▁of ▁early ▁prospect ors . ▁By ▁May ▁ 1 8 9 1 , ▁a ▁hundred ▁people ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁camp . ▁H ouses , ▁stores ▁and ▁sal oons ▁ ▁were ▁built . ▁One ▁source ▁states ▁that ▁a ▁post ▁office ▁was ▁established ▁later ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁Another ▁source ▁states ▁that ▁the ▁post ▁office ▁was ▁named ▁Joh ny ▁Post ▁Office ▁from ▁June ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁until ▁April ▁ 1 8 9 9 . ▁▁ ▁Av ailability ▁of ▁water ▁was ▁a ▁problem ▁for ▁the ▁bust ling ▁camp . ▁Water ▁was ▁retriev ed ▁from ▁a ▁spring ▁four ▁miles ▁away , ▁packed ▁in ▁canvas ▁bags ▁and ▁haul ed ▁back ▁to ▁town ▁by ▁don keys . ▁ ▁The ▁camp ▁started ▁to ▁decline ▁after ▁ 1 8 9 3 . ▁The ▁settlement ▁rev ived ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁when ▁new ▁investors ▁bought ▁the ▁two ▁largest ▁mines ▁in ▁the ▁district , ▁the ▁John nie ▁and ▁the ▁Congress ▁mines . ▁After ▁ 1 9 0 4 , ▁John nie ▁was ▁swept ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁rush ▁to ▁the ▁area ▁near ▁Gold field ▁and ▁Bull f rog . ▁A |
▁post ▁office ▁was ▁re op ened ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁and ▁a ▁new ▁town ▁site ▁was ▁established ▁closer ▁to ▁the ▁mines . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 7 , ▁the ▁town ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 3 0 0 . ▁The ▁John nie ▁Mine ▁and ▁mill ▁continued ▁production ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁John nie ▁Post ▁Office ▁closed ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁re op ening ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁and ▁closing ▁again ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁Pl acer ▁gold ▁was ▁found ▁in ▁g ul ches ▁every ▁few ▁years ▁and ▁the ▁area ▁was ▁worked ▁off ▁and ▁on ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁thirty ▁years . ▁The ▁Johnny ▁settlement ▁had ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 0 ▁people ▁by ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 3 0 s . ▁ ▁The ▁John nie ▁Post ▁Office ▁was ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁John nie ▁Mine ▁Post ▁Office ▁operated ▁from ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁until ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁abandoned ▁April ▁F ool , ▁John nie , ▁Ted d ys ▁and ▁the ▁Ted d ys ▁T error ▁were ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁P ahr ump ▁Valley ▁Museum ▁and ▁Historical ▁Society . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : G host ▁towns ▁in ▁N ye ▁County , ▁Nevada ▁Category : Gold ▁mining ▁in ▁Nevada <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mar itime ▁Museum ▁of ▁BC ▁( MM BC ) |
▁eng ages ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁mar itime ▁culture ▁and ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific ▁North west ▁through ▁rot ating ▁exhib its , ▁educational ▁and ▁community - based ▁programs , ▁research ▁services , ▁and ▁more . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁the ▁M M BC ▁completed ▁its ▁rel ocation ▁from ▁its ▁long - term ▁home ▁in ▁Bast ion ▁Square ▁to ▁a ▁Society ▁Office ▁in ▁N oot ka ▁Court ▁at ▁ 6 3 4 ▁H umb old t ▁St ., ▁with ▁its ▁collections ▁being ▁stored ▁off - site ▁in ▁a ▁climate - cont rolled ▁facility . ▁The ▁Society ▁Office ▁houses ▁exhib its ▁that ▁display ▁arte f acts ▁from ▁the ▁collection , ▁public ▁research ▁space , ▁a ▁gift ▁shop , ▁and ▁staff ▁offices . ▁ ▁Collection ▁and ▁Exhib its ▁ ▁The ▁rich ▁collection ▁of ▁some ▁ 3 5 , 0 0 0 ▁arte f acts ▁includes ▁ 8 0 0 ▁models ▁of ▁ships ▁and ▁items ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁mar itime ▁heritage ▁of ▁BC . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁reference ▁library ▁of ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁volumes ▁including ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 ▁titles ▁of ▁historical ▁significance , ▁an ▁arch ival ▁collection ▁of ▁records ▁of ▁local ▁ship - own ing ▁and ▁ship building ▁firms , ▁log books , ▁naval ▁records , ▁ships ' ▁plans ▁of ▁ 1 8 0 0 ▁vessels , ▁maps ▁and ▁charts , ▁an ▁art ▁collection , ▁and ▁approximately ▁ 3 6 , 0 0 0 ▁photographs . ▁ ▁The ▁ 6 3 4 ▁H umb old t ▁Street ▁location |
▁is ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁public . ▁Public ▁out reach ▁such ▁as ▁educational ▁programming ▁and ▁talks ▁are ▁being ▁offered . ▁The ▁exhibit ▁space ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁interpret ▁selected ▁items ▁from ▁the ▁permanent ▁collection ▁and ▁travelling ▁exhib its . ▁The ▁bulk ▁of ▁the ▁collection ▁is ▁hous ed ▁in ▁climate - cont rolled ▁space ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁Victoria , ▁while ▁large ▁items ▁are ▁stored ▁at ▁Og den ▁Point ▁on ▁the ▁outer ▁har bour . ▁The ▁reference ▁room ▁is ▁used ▁by ▁researchers ▁wish ing ▁to ▁consult ▁the ▁library ▁and ▁arch ives , ▁and ▁volunteers ▁and ▁staff ▁are ▁available ▁to ▁assist ▁with ▁reference ▁in quir ies . ▁The ▁collection ▁also ▁includes ▁three ▁historic ▁small ▁vessels : ▁T il ik um ▁( boat ), ▁the ▁ 3 8 - foot ▁( 1 1 . 6 m ) ▁modified ▁ab original ▁c ed ar ▁can oe ▁s ailed ▁west about ▁from ▁Vancouver ▁Island ▁starting ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁to ▁London , ▁UK ; ▁Tre k ka , ▁a ▁ 2 0 . 5 - foot ▁( 6 . 2 m ) ▁sail boat ▁s ailed ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁by ▁her ▁Victoria ▁builder ▁starting ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁- ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁smallest ▁y acht ▁to ▁have ▁circ umn av ig ated ▁the ▁globe ; ▁and ▁Dor othy , ▁a ▁locally ▁built ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁fant ail ▁cut ter ▁currently ▁under ▁restoration . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Mar itime ▁Museum ▁of ▁BC ▁was ▁opened ▁by ▁naval ▁officers ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 |
▁at ▁Sign al ▁Hill ▁in ▁Es qu im alt , ▁B . C . ▁and ▁later ▁went ▁through ▁name ▁changes . ▁The ▁Mar itime ▁Museum ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Society ▁was ▁registered ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁as ▁a ▁non - profit ▁society ▁and ▁would ▁follow ▁a ▁broader ▁Pacific ▁coastal ▁heritage ▁mand ate . ▁The ▁Museum ▁moved ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 - 6 4 ▁to ▁ 2 8 ▁Bast ion ▁Square ▁in ▁downtown ▁Victoria , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁The ▁corresponding ▁Mar itime ▁Museum ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Foundation ▁was ▁established ▁sixteen ▁years ▁later ▁to ▁develop ▁long - term ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁Society . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁a ▁separate ▁group ▁founded ▁the ▁C FB ▁Es qu im alt ▁Naval ▁& ▁Military ▁Museum , ▁which ▁continues ▁at ▁N aden ▁on ▁Canadian ▁Forces ▁Base ▁Es qu im alt . ▁ ▁The ▁Museum ’ s ▁Bast ion ▁Square ▁venue ▁closed ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁because ▁the ▁provinc ially ▁owned ▁cour th ouse ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁required ▁se ism ic ▁up grad ing ▁and ▁other ▁structural ▁work . ▁Pack ing ▁and ▁moving ▁the ▁collection ▁required ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁year , ▁and ▁the ▁Society ▁completed ▁its ▁move ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁location ▁on ▁H umb old t ▁Street ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Se lected ▁items ▁from ▁the ▁collection ▁are ▁displayed ▁along ▁with ▁travelling ▁exhib its . ▁ ▁Aff ili ations ▁The ▁Mar itime ▁Museum ▁of ▁BC ▁is ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁B . C |
. ▁Museum s ▁Association , ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Museum s ▁Association , ▁the ▁Virtual ▁Museum ▁of ▁Canada ▁and ▁Canadian ▁Heritage ▁Information ▁Network . ▁The ▁organization ▁is ▁under ▁the ▁patron age ▁of ▁the ▁Hon . ▁Jud ith ▁Gu ich on , ▁Lieutenant ▁Governor ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Vancouver ▁Mar itime ▁Museum , ▁Vancouver , ▁British ▁Columbia ▁▁ ▁International ▁Congress ▁of ▁Mar itime ▁Museum s ▁( IC MM ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Mar itime ▁Museum ▁of ▁BC ▁- ▁ ▁official ▁site ▁ ▁Category : Mar itime ▁museum s ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁Victoria , ▁British ▁Columbia <0x0A> </s> ▁J amb ore e ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Sc out ▁j amb ore es ▁ 2 2 nd ▁World ▁Organization ▁of ▁the ▁Sc out ▁Movement ▁World ▁Sc out ▁J amb ore e , ▁R ink aby , ▁Sweden , ▁ 3 rd ▁World ▁Federation ▁of ▁Independent ▁Sc outs ▁World ▁J amb ore e , ▁P ue bl a ▁de ▁Z ar ago za , ▁Mexico ▁ ▁Other ▁J amb ore e ▁in ▁the ▁Hills <0x0A> </s> ▁Glen a ▁n ig ric aria ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁m oth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ge omet r idae ▁first ▁described ▁by ▁William ▁Barn es ▁and ▁James ▁Hall iday ▁Mc D unn ough ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Central ▁and ▁North ▁America . ▁ ▁The ▁MON A ▁or ▁H od ges ▁number ▁for ▁Glen a ▁n |
ig ric aria ▁is ▁ 6 4 4 8 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Bo arm i ini ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁listed ▁buildings ▁in ▁the ▁civil ▁parish ▁of ▁Part on ▁in ▁Dum f ries ▁and ▁G allow ay , ▁Scotland . ▁ ▁List ▁▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Key ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁All ▁entries , ▁addresses ▁and ▁coordinates ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁data ▁from ▁Historic ▁Scotland . ▁This ▁data ▁falls ▁under ▁the ▁Open ▁Government ▁Lic ence ▁ ▁Part on <0x0A> </s> ▁S j ur ▁Hel ge ▁T org ers en ▁( 1 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁– ▁ 7 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Norweg ian ▁diplom at ▁and ▁amb assador . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁cand . j ur . ▁( j ur ist ) ▁by ▁education . ▁After ▁first ▁serving ▁as ▁local ▁mag istr ate ▁in ▁Mand al , ▁Norway ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁Norweg ian ▁Foreign ▁Service ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁after ▁establishing ▁Norway ' s ▁cons ular ▁visa ▁office ▁in ▁Islam abad , ▁Pakistan ▁on ▁behalf ▁of ▁the ▁Norweg ian ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Justice ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁Before ▁completing ▁his ▁admission ▁to ▁the ▁diplom atic ▁ranks ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁Norweg ian ▁Ref uge e ▁Council ▁providing ▁emergency ▁aid ▁for ▁arriving ▁Afghan ▁refugees |
▁in ▁Pakistan ▁after ▁the ▁Russian ▁invasion ▁of ▁Afghanistan . ▁His ▁first ▁posting ▁for ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs , ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁was ▁as ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Emb assy ▁at ▁the ▁Norweg ian ▁emb assy ▁in ▁Jak arta . ▁He ▁was ▁then ▁transferred ▁to ▁West ▁Berlin ▁where ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁military ▁attach é ▁in ▁the ▁all ied ▁occup ational ▁forces ▁in ▁West ▁Berlin ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 4 - 1 9 8 7 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Islam abad , ▁Pakistan ▁where ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁charge ▁d ' aff airs ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁Between ▁ 1 9 9 5 - 1 9 9 8 ▁he ▁was ▁assistant ▁secretary ▁and ▁sub - direct or ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs . ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Norway ´ s ▁amb assador ▁to ▁Indonesia . ▁When ▁East ▁Tim or ▁became ▁independent ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁he ▁received ▁responsibility ▁for ▁that ▁country ▁too , ▁after ▁being ▁heavily ▁involved ▁in ▁supporting ▁the ▁fled gling ▁nation ▁and ▁developing ▁deep ▁personal ▁relationships ▁with ▁East ▁Tim or ' s ▁leaders , ▁Ram os ▁H ort a ▁and ▁X an ana ▁G us m ão . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁he ▁was ▁decorated ▁as ▁a ▁Knight ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Norweg ian ▁Order ▁of ▁Mer it . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 |
▁Indian ▁Ocean ▁earthqu ake , ▁T org ers en ▁was ▁task ed ▁with ▁operating ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ' ▁crisis ▁aid ▁to ▁Norweg ian ▁tourists ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁there after ▁he ▁was ▁diagnosed ▁with ▁cancer ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁civil ▁servants ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Norway ▁to ▁Indonesia ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Norway ▁to ▁East ▁Tim or ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁Pakistan ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁military ▁attach és ▁Category : K n ights ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Norweg ian ▁Order ▁of ▁Mer it <0x0A> </s> ▁Southern ▁Wisconsin ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁public ▁airport ▁located ▁south west ▁of ▁Jan es ville ▁and ▁north ▁of ▁Bel o it ▁in ▁Rock ▁County , ▁Wisconsin , ▁United ▁States . ▁Former ly ▁known ▁as ▁Rock ▁County ▁Airport , ▁it ▁is ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Rock ▁County ▁government . ▁The ▁airport ▁has ▁no ▁scheduled ▁commercial ▁passenger ▁service . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁Federal ▁A vi ation ▁Administration ▁( FA A ) ▁National ▁Plan ▁of ▁Integr ated ▁Airport ▁Systems ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 2 3 , ▁in ▁which ▁it ▁is ▁categor ized ▁as ▁a ▁national ▁general ▁av iation ▁facility . ▁ ▁Southern ▁Wisconsin ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁was ▁once ▁home |
▁to ▁the ▁annual ▁" S ou thern ▁Wisconsin ▁Air FE ST ". ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Several ▁Rock ▁County ▁farms ▁provided ▁land ▁for ▁contract ▁gl ider ▁pilot ▁training ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁Training ▁was ▁provided ▁by ▁More y ▁Air plane ▁Company ▁using ▁three ▁tur f ▁run way ▁locations ▁in ▁three ▁town ship ▁sections . ▁C - 4 7 ▁Sky tr ains ▁and ▁W aco ▁C G - 4 ▁un powered ▁Gl iders ▁were ▁not ▁used . ▁The ▁production ▁C G - 4 A ▁gl iders ▁were ▁not ▁delivered ▁until ▁after ▁these ▁northern ▁civilian ▁schools ▁were ▁closed . ▁Air craft ▁furn ished ▁by ▁the ▁Army ▁were ▁single ▁engine ▁L ▁type ▁C ess na , ▁A eron ca ▁and ▁P iper . ▁There ▁were ▁no ▁gl iders ▁and ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁gl ider ▁to wing . ▁These ▁schools ▁became ▁known ▁as ▁dead ▁stick ▁training . ▁ ▁The ▁mission ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁to ▁train ▁gl ider ▁pilot ▁students ▁in ▁approaches ▁with ▁the ▁engine ▁off , ▁landing ▁at ▁a ▁mark , ▁night ▁landing ▁and ▁strange ▁field ▁landing . ▁Ground ▁school ▁instruction ▁was ▁in ▁navigation , ▁maintenance , ▁met e or ology , ▁instruments , ▁aircraft ▁identification , ▁chemical ▁war fare ▁defense , ▁customs ▁of ▁service ▁and ▁physical ▁training ▁and ▁dr ill . ▁ ▁These ▁schools ▁were ▁in activ ated ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁or ▁sooner . ▁The ▁farm ▁fields ▁used ▁in ▁Rock ▁County ▁were ▁turned ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁farmers ▁when ▁the ▁schools |
▁were ▁closed . ▁None ▁of ▁this ▁gl ider ▁pilot ▁training ▁in ▁Rock ▁County ▁occurred ▁at ▁or ▁on ▁the ▁current ▁Southern ▁Wisconsin ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁space . --> ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁and ▁aircraft ▁Southern ▁Wisconsin ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 8 0 8 ▁feet ▁( 2 4 6 ▁m ) ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁It ▁contains ▁three ▁run ways : ▁ ▁Run way ▁ 1 4 / 3 2 : ▁ 7 , 3 0 2 ▁x ▁ 1 5 0 ft ▁( 2 , 2 2 6 ▁x ▁ 4 6 ▁m ), ▁surface : ▁concrete , ▁with ▁approved ▁I LS ▁and ▁GPS ▁approaches . ▁ ▁Run way ▁ 4 / 2 2 : ▁ 6 , 7 0 1 ▁x ▁ 1 5 0 ft ▁( 2 , 0 4 2 ▁x ▁ 4 6 ▁m ), ▁surface : ▁as ph alt , ▁with ▁approved ▁I LS ▁and ▁GPS ▁approaches . ▁ ▁Run way ▁ 1 8 / 3 6 : ▁ 5 , 0 0 4 ▁x ▁ 7 5 ft ▁( 1 , 5 2 5 ▁x ▁ 2 3 ▁m ), ▁surface : ▁as ph alt . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁ 1 2 - month ▁period ▁ending ▁April ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁airport ▁had ▁ 3 4 , 8 7 7 ▁aircraft ▁operations , ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 9 6 ▁per ▁day : ▁ 8 2 % ▁general ▁av iation , |
▁ 1 6 % ▁air ▁taxi ▁and ▁ 2 % ▁military . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 6 7 ▁aircraft ▁based ▁at ▁this ▁airport : ▁ 3 7 ▁single - engine , ▁ 4 ▁multi - engine , ▁ 2 4 ▁jet ▁and ▁ 2 ▁helic op ters . ▁ ▁Southern ▁Wisconsin ▁Air F est ▁ ▁The ▁Southern ▁Wisconsin ▁Air F est ▁was ▁an ▁annual ▁air ▁show ▁that ▁hosted ▁North ▁American ▁jet ▁teams , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Blue ▁Ang els , ▁the ▁Th under bird s ▁and ▁the ▁Masters ▁of ▁Dis aster . ▁The ▁event ▁was ▁dis contin ued ▁following ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season . ▁ ▁Head lin ers ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁The ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁Th under bird s ▁were ▁scheduled ▁to ▁perform ▁but ▁due ▁to ▁an ▁accident ▁in ▁late ▁September ▁they ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁perform ▁at ▁the ▁show . ▁In ▁their ▁place ▁was ▁the ▁CF - 1 8 ▁Horn et ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 : ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁Th under bird s ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 : ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁Blue ▁Ang els ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁F - 1 6 ▁Vi per ▁East ▁Dem o ▁Team ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 : ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁F - 1 6 ▁Vi per ▁East ▁Dem o ▁Team ▁and ▁C od ename : ▁Mary ' s ▁Lamb ▁▁ 2 0 |
0 8 : ▁Canadian ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁Snow bird s ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁Blue ▁Ang els ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 : ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁Th under bird s ▁and ▁Canadian ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁Snow bird s ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 : ▁V FA - 1 2 2 ▁Super ▁Horn et ▁West ▁Coast ▁Dem o ▁Team ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 : ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Golden ▁Kn ights ▁Par ach ute ▁Team ▁and ▁Black ▁Diamond ▁Jet ▁Team ▁ ▁Past ▁scheduled ▁air line ▁service ▁SW RA ▁has ▁in ▁the ▁past , ▁had ▁scheduled ▁air line ▁passenger ▁service . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁it ▁had ▁service ▁to ▁Chicago - O ' H are ▁on ▁Republic ▁Airlines ▁and ▁Mid state ▁Airlines . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Wisconsin ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Army ▁Air fields ▁▁ 3 1 st ▁F lying ▁Training ▁Wing ▁( World ▁War ▁II ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Other ▁sources ▁▁▁▁ ▁Shaw , ▁Frederick ▁J . ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁Loc ating ▁Air ▁Force ▁Base ▁S ites ▁History ’ s ▁Leg acy , ▁Air ▁Force ▁History ▁and ▁Museum s ▁Program , ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force , ▁Washington ▁DC , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁M anning , ▁Thomas ▁A . ▁( 2 0 0 5 ), ▁History ▁of ▁Air ▁Education ▁and ▁Training ▁Command , ▁ 1 9 4 2 - 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Office ▁of ▁History ▁and ▁Research , ▁Head quarters , ▁A |
ET C , ▁Rand olph ▁A FB , ▁Texas ▁ ▁AS IN : ▁B 0 0 0 NY X 3 PC ▁▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁Gl ider ▁Program ▁Studies , ▁USA F ▁Historical ▁Studies , ▁Max well . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Southern ▁Wisconsin ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁▁ ▁at ▁Wisconsin ▁Department ▁of ▁Transport ation ▁ ▁Southern ▁Wisconsin ▁Air FE ST , ▁official ▁site ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : Air ports ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁Category : Air fields ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁in ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : Air ports ▁in ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Rock ▁County , ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : US AA F ▁Contract ▁F lying ▁School ▁Air fields ▁Category : Form er ▁Ess ential ▁Air ▁Service ▁air ports ▁Category : US AA F ▁Gl ider ▁Training ▁Air fields <0x0A> </s> ▁Est ig m ene ▁lag la ize i ▁is ▁a ▁m oth ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁family ▁E reb idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Sen eg al . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁Category : Sp il os om ina ▁Category : In sect s ▁of ▁West ▁Africa ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Africa <0x0A> </s> ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁is ▁a ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁California ▁based , ▁priv ately ▁held ▁platform ▁as ▁a ▁service ▁company ▁focused ▁on ▁Ruby ▁on ▁R ails , ▁PHP ▁and ▁Node . js ▁deployment ▁and ▁management . ▁ |
▁History ▁Engine ▁Y ard , ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁offers ▁a ▁cloud ▁application ▁management ▁platform . ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁co - found ers ▁include ▁Tom ▁M orn ini , ▁L ance ▁Wal ley ▁and ▁Ez ra ▁Z yg m unt ow icz . ▁ ▁John ▁D illon ▁joined ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁as ▁CEO ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁and ▁previously ▁held ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁CEO ▁at ▁Sales force . com ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁through ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁has ▁sponsored ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁open - source ▁projects ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁acquired ▁Orchestra . io ▁to ▁add ▁PHP ▁expertise ▁to ▁the ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁team ▁and ▁platform . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁company ▁launched ▁a ▁partner ▁program ▁that ▁includes ▁over ▁ 4 0 ▁cloud ▁technology ▁companies . ▁These ▁partners ▁provide ▁add - on ▁services ▁such ▁as ▁application ▁performance ▁management , ▁email ▁deliver ability , ▁load ▁testing ▁and ▁more , ▁within ▁the ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁Platform . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁company ▁added ▁the ▁Node . js ▁server - side ▁framework ▁into ▁its ▁P aa S . ▁▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁reported ▁that ▁its ▁revenue ▁dou bled ▁year ▁over ▁year ▁to ▁$ 2 8 ▁million ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁and ▁the ▁number |
▁of ▁paying ▁customers ▁rose ▁ 5 0 ▁percent ▁to ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁that ▁time . ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁claims ▁that ▁with ▁its ▁$ 2 8 ▁million ▁in ▁revenue ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁leading ▁open ▁platform ▁as ▁a ▁service . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁formed ▁a ▁strategic ▁alliance ▁with ▁Microsoft ▁▁ ▁and ▁went ▁live ▁on ▁Windows ▁Azure ▁market place ▁on ▁July ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁Develop ers ▁can ▁use ▁this ▁open ▁source ▁Platform - as - a - Service ▁running ▁on ▁Microsoft ▁cloud ▁infrastructure ▁to ▁deploy ▁web ▁and ▁mobile ▁apps . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁announced ▁the ▁acquisition ▁of ▁Op Dem and ▁and ▁their ▁container ▁P aa S ▁De is . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Microsoft ▁acquired ▁container ▁platform ▁De is ▁from ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁ ▁and ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁announced ▁it ▁was ▁being ▁acquired ▁by ▁C ros so ver , ▁a ▁provider ▁of ▁cloud - based ▁Ruby ▁teams . ▁ ▁Fund ing ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁received ▁an ▁investment ▁of ▁$ 3 . 5 ▁million ▁from ▁Ben ch mark ▁Capital . ▁ ▁Some ▁industry ▁comment ators ▁interpreted ▁this ▁as ▁an ▁investment ▁in ▁Ruby ▁on ▁R ails . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁secured ▁an ▁additional ▁$ 1 5 ▁million ▁from ▁a ▁combination ▁of |
▁Ben ch mark ▁Capital , ▁New ▁Enterprise ▁Associ ates , ▁and ▁Amazon . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁received ▁an ▁additional ▁$ 1 9 ▁million ▁in ▁funding ▁from ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁Ben ch mark ▁Capital , ▁New ▁Enterprise ▁Associ ates , ▁Amazon , ▁Bay ▁Part ners , ▁Pres id io ▁Vent ures ▁and ▁DAG ▁Vent ures , ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁$ 3 7 . 5 ▁million ▁in ▁funding . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Oracle ▁Corporation ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁made ▁a ▁strategic ▁minority ▁investment ▁in ▁Engine ▁Y ard . ▁Financial ▁details ▁of ▁the ▁investment ▁were ▁not ▁dis closed . ▁Engine ▁Y ard ▁continues ▁to ▁operate ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁company . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Ver te bra ▁( soft ware ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Cloud ▁platforms ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Category : Priv ately ▁held ▁companies ▁based ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁based ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco <0x0A> </s> ▁Kar ina ▁Hab š ud ová ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 2 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Slov ak ▁former ▁professional ▁tennis ▁player . ▁She ▁has ▁been ▁ranked ▁as ▁high ▁as ▁ 1 0 ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁( 1 9 9 7 ). ▁Together ▁with ▁Kar ol ▁Ku č era , ▁she ▁won ▁the ▁Hop man ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁Her ▁best ▁performance ▁at ▁a ▁Grand ▁Sl am ▁tournament ▁came |
▁when ▁she ▁got ▁to ▁the ▁quarter fin als ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁French ▁Open , ▁defe ating ▁Krist in ▁God ridge , ▁N ath alie ▁T au zi at , ▁Mart ina ▁H ing is ▁and ▁An ke ▁Hub er ▁before ▁losing ▁to ▁Ar ant xa ▁S án chez ▁Vic ario . ▁ ▁She ▁also ▁had ▁a ▁successful ▁junior ▁career . ▁She ▁won ▁the ▁girls ' ▁singles ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁US ▁Open , ▁and ▁was ▁junior ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁for ▁some ▁time . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Bo j nice , ▁Czech os lov ak ia , ▁Hab š ud ová ▁originally ▁trained ▁as ▁a ▁gym n ast ▁but ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ten , ▁she ▁switched ▁to ▁tennis ▁under ▁the ▁encour agement ▁of ▁her ▁mother , ▁herself ▁a ▁former ▁amateur ▁tennis ▁player . ▁By ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁fourteen , ▁she ▁had ▁already ▁become ▁the ▁top ▁junior ▁player ▁in ▁Czech os lov ak ia . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁she ▁was ▁c rowned ▁IT F ▁Junior ▁World ▁Champion , ▁and ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁she ▁won ▁the ▁girls ' ▁singles ▁title ▁at ▁the ▁US ▁Open . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁professional , ▁she ▁made ▁the ▁fourth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁while ▁still ▁a ▁school girl , ▁but ▁her ▁early ▁promise ▁was ▁curt ailed ▁by ▁health ▁problems ▁and ▁injuries , ▁including ▁a ▁bout ▁of ▁p neum onia ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁and ▁an ▁an kle ▁injury |
▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁After ▁suffering ▁another ▁injury ▁just ▁as ▁she ▁had ▁made ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁ 3 0 ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁she ▁b ounced ▁back ▁to ▁enjoy ▁her ▁most ▁successful ▁year ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁where ▁she ▁had ▁results ▁such ▁as ▁reaching ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁Open ▁and ▁the ▁quarter fin als ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Open . ▁At ▁the ▁latter ▁event , ▁she ▁beat ▁Mart ina ▁H ing is ▁and ▁An ke ▁Hub er ▁and ▁served ▁for ▁a ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁sem if inals ▁against ▁Ar ant xa ▁S án chez ▁Vic ario , ▁but ▁ultimately ▁lost ▁ 8 – 1 0 ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁set . ▁ ▁Hab š ud ová ▁eventually ▁broke ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 0 ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁after ▁reaching ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁General i ▁Lad ies ▁Lin z , ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁woman ▁representing ▁Slov ak ia ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁Though ▁she ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁on ▁the ▁tour ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁she ▁never ▁again ▁matched ▁the ▁same ▁success ▁of ▁her ▁break through ▁season , ▁with ▁later ▁highlights ▁including ▁winning ▁the ▁Hop man ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁her ▁only ▁W TA ▁singles ▁title ▁at ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁Open ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁she ▁reached ▁the ▁sem if inals ▁of ▁the ▁W im bled on ▁mixed ▁dou bles ▁tournament ▁partner ing ▁David ▁R |
ik l . ▁ ▁Following ▁her ▁retirement , ▁she ▁worked ▁for ▁several ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁sports ▁editor . ▁She ▁married ▁her ▁husband ▁Milan ▁C í le k ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁and ▁they ▁have ▁three ▁children ▁together . ▁ ▁W TA ▁career ▁fin als ▁ ▁Singles : ▁ 5 ▁( 1 – 4 ) ▁ ▁IT F ▁Fin als ▁ ▁Singles ▁( 6 – 5 ) ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁( 3 – 0 ) ▁ ▁Head - to - head ▁record ▁against ▁other ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 0 ▁ ▁Players ▁who ▁have ▁been ▁ranked ▁world ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁are ▁in ▁bold face . ▁▁ ▁Domin ique ▁Mon ami ▁ 4 – 1 ▁ ▁Nad ia ▁Pet ro va ▁ 0 – 2 ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁ 0 – 1 ▁Mart ina ▁H ing is ▁ 4 – 3 ▁ ▁El ena ▁D ement ie va ▁ 0 – 3 ▁ ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf ▁ 0 – 4 ▁ ▁Mon ica ▁S eles ▁ 0 – 2 ▁ ▁Just ine ▁Hen in ▁ 0 – 1 ▁ ▁Ar ant xa ▁S án chez ▁Vic ario ▁ 1 – 6 ▁ ▁Pat ty ▁Sch ny der ▁ 1 – 3 ▁ ▁A i ▁S ug iy ama ▁ 1 – 2 ▁Am él ie ▁Mau res mo ▁ 0 – 1 ▁ ▁Con ch ita ▁Mart í nez ▁ 2 – 6 ▁Kim ▁C lij sters ▁ 1 – 0 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category |
: 1 9 7 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : H op man ▁Cup ▁competitors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Bo j nice ▁Category : Sl ov ak ▁female ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁tennis ▁players ▁of ▁Slov ak ia ▁Category : T ennis ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : T ennis ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : W im bled on ▁junior ▁champions ▁Category : US ▁Open ▁( ten nis ) ▁junior ▁champions ▁Category : Gr and ▁Sl am ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁in ▁girls ' ▁singles ▁Category : Gr and ▁Sl am ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁in ▁girls ' ▁dou bles ▁Category : C zech os lov ak ▁female ▁tennis ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁H MS ▁Franklin ▁( J 8 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁( off ic ially , ▁" f le et ▁mines we eping ▁s loop ") ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Royal ▁Navy , ▁which ▁was ▁commissioned ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁as ▁a ▁survey ▁ship . ▁She ▁served ▁as ▁such ▁throughout ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁continuing ▁in ▁that ▁role ▁until ▁de comm ission ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁ ▁Service ▁history ▁The ▁ship ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁A il sa ▁Ship building ▁Company , ▁Tro on , ▁with ▁engines ▁provided ▁by ▁Th orn y cro ft ▁of ▁W ool ston . ▁She ▁was ▁laid ▁down ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁and |
▁launched ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁As ▁a ▁survey ▁ship ▁she ▁differ ed ▁from ▁the ▁others ▁in ▁her ▁class ▁by ▁having ▁a ▁larger ▁bridge , ▁and ▁a ▁surve ying ▁chart room ▁a ft . ▁During ▁the ▁war ▁the ▁ship ▁was ▁armed ▁with ▁a ▁single ▁ 1 2 - p ound er ▁anti - air craft ▁gun ▁forward . ▁ ▁Franklin ▁was ▁commissioned ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁August ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁and ▁carried ▁out ▁surveys ▁off ▁the ▁Th ames ▁Est uary . ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁she ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁survey ▁St . ▁Lewis ▁In let , ▁New found land , ▁but ▁in ▁August ▁was ▁ordered ▁home ▁in ▁anticip ation ▁of ▁the ▁outbreak ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁During ▁the ▁war ▁she ▁carried ▁out ▁surveys ▁around ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁UK , ▁mostly ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁laying ▁of ▁mine fields . ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁L t . C dr . ▁Ed mund ▁George ▁Ir ving , ▁she ▁was ▁deployed ▁off ▁the ▁French ▁coast , ▁following ▁the ▁Norm andy ▁land ings , ▁surve ying ▁ports ▁as ▁they ▁fell ▁to ▁All ied ▁forces . ▁By ▁November ▁she ▁was ▁ ▁surve ying ▁the ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁Sche ld t . ▁ ▁Following ▁V E ▁Day ▁on ▁ 8 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁she ▁carried ▁out ▁wreck ▁and ▁mine ▁clear ance ▁surveys ▁in ▁German ▁ports , ▁finally ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁UK ▁in ▁October |
▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁Franklin ▁remained ▁in ▁service , ▁mainly ▁operating ▁off ▁the ▁eastern ▁coast ▁of ▁England , ▁until ▁de comm ission ed ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁She ▁was ▁then ▁placed ▁in ▁Reserve , ▁until ▁placed ▁on ▁the ▁Dis posal ▁List , ▁and ▁sold ▁for ▁breaking ▁up ▁by ▁Clay ton ▁and ▁Dav ie , ▁Dun ston - on - Ty ne . ▁She ▁was ▁tow ed ▁to ▁the ▁break er ' s ▁yard ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 7 ▁ships ▁Category : Ship s ▁built ▁in ▁Scotland ▁Category : Sur vey ▁vessels ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁Category : Hal cy on - class ▁mines we ep ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Gal ak ▁( ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Kal ā h ▁and ▁Kal ak ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ab tar ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁Ir ans h ahr ▁County , ▁S istan ▁and ▁B alu che stan ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 4 8 , ▁in ▁ 1 2 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Ir ans h ahr ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁( fo aled ▁February ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁in ▁Kentucky ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁Th orough b red ▁race hor se ▁who ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁B reed ers ' |
▁Cup ▁Fil ly ▁& ▁M are ▁S print ▁on ▁her ▁way ▁to ▁being ▁named ▁the ▁American ▁Champion ▁Fem ale ▁S print ▁Horse . ▁ ▁Background ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁is ▁a ▁gray ▁mare ▁who ▁was ▁b red ▁by ▁Charles ▁Kid der ▁and ▁Nancy ▁Cole ▁in ▁Kentucky . ▁She ▁is ▁s ired ▁by ▁Kentucky ▁Der by ▁winner ▁Mon arch os , ▁becoming ▁his ▁first ▁Grade ▁I ▁winner . ▁Her ▁dam ▁is ▁Pal ang ana , ▁by ▁His ▁Maj esty . ▁She ▁was ▁sold ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Ke en eland ▁year ling ▁sale ▁for ▁$ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁then ▁was ▁res old ▁at ▁the ▁F as ig - T i pton ▁sale ▁as ▁a ▁two - year - old ▁for ▁$ 3 2 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁She ▁was ▁trained ▁by ▁Jonathan ▁E . ▁She pp ard ▁and ▁owned ▁by ▁George ▁W . ▁Str aw bridge , ▁Jr .' s ▁August in ▁St able . ▁ ▁Racing ▁career ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁did ▁not ▁start ▁racing ▁until ▁age ▁three , ▁but ▁won ▁in ▁her ▁first ▁start ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁at ▁Gulf stream ▁Park . ▁She ▁finished ▁the ▁year ▁with ▁five ▁wins ▁from ▁seven ▁starts , ▁including ▁the ▁Grade ▁II ▁R aven ▁Run ▁St akes . ▁ ▁At ▁age ▁four , ▁she ▁won ▁six ▁of ▁seven ▁starts , ▁including ▁the ▁Grade ▁I ▁Hum ana ▁Dist aff ▁Hand ic ap ▁and ▁Vin ery ▁Madison ▁St akes . ▁Her ▁only |
▁loss ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁came ▁in ▁the ▁B aller ina ▁St akes ▁on ▁a ▁sl op py ▁track . ▁On ▁November ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁she ▁entered ▁the ▁B reed ers ' ▁Cup ▁Fil ly ▁& ▁M are ▁S print , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁betting ▁choice ▁behind ▁defending ▁champion ▁Vent ura . ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁got ▁the ▁early ▁jump ▁on ▁her ▁rival , ▁then ▁with stood ▁Vent ura ' s ▁late ▁charge ▁to ▁win ▁by ▁over ▁a ▁length . ▁For ▁her ▁performances ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁was ▁voted ▁the ▁E clipse ▁Award ▁as ▁the ▁American ▁Champion ▁Fem ale ▁S print ▁Horse . ▁ ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁returned ▁to ▁racing ▁at ▁age ▁five ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁but ▁managed ▁only ▁three ▁wins ▁from ▁eight ▁starts . ▁The ▁highlights ▁were ▁wins ▁in ▁the ▁Grade ▁III ▁Chicago ▁Hand ic ap ▁and ▁Pres que ▁Is le ▁Down s ▁Masters ▁St akes . ▁She ▁finished ▁seventh ▁when ▁attempting ▁to ▁defend ▁her ▁title ▁in ▁the ▁Fil ly ▁& ▁M are ▁S print . ▁ ▁Ret irement ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁became ▁a ▁bro od mare ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁delivering ▁her ▁first ▁fo al , ▁a ▁bay ▁col t ▁by ▁Street ▁Cry , ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁at ▁the ▁N TRA ▁ ▁In formed ▁Dec ision ▁at ▁B reed ers ' ▁Cup |
. com ▁with ▁race ▁video ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁race hor se ▁birth s ▁Category : Th orough b red ▁family ▁ 1 - l ▁Category : R ace h ors es ▁b red ▁in ▁Kentucky ▁Category : R ace h ors es ▁trained ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : B reed ers ' ▁Cup ▁Fil ly ▁& ▁M are ▁S print ▁winners ▁Category : E clipse ▁Award ▁winners <0x0A> </s> ▁Hol com be ▁Ward ▁( N ovember ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 7 8 ▁– ▁January ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁tennis ▁player ▁who ▁was ▁active ▁during ▁the ▁last ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁decade ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th . ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁US ▁National ▁Championships ▁singles ▁title ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁and ▁additionally ▁won ▁six ▁dou bles ▁titles ▁at ▁the ▁Grand ▁Sl am ▁event . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Ward ▁is ▁best ▁remembered ▁for ▁winning ▁the ▁men ' s ▁singles ▁title ▁at ▁the ▁US ▁National ▁Championships ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁after ▁defe ating ▁William ▁Cl oth ier ▁in ▁straight ▁sets ▁in ▁the ▁all - com er ' s ▁final . ▁ ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁Harvard ▁University . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁Ward ▁won ▁the ▁London ▁Gr ass ▁Court ▁Championships , ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁Queen ' s ▁Club ▁Championships , ▁after ▁a ▁walk over ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁against ▁compat ri ot ▁Be als ▁Wright . ▁ |
▁Ward ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁USA ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁Team ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁ 1 9 0 2 , ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁he ▁played ▁the ▁dou bles ▁match ▁in ▁the ▁challenge ▁round ▁which ▁the ▁US ▁team ▁won ▁against ▁the ▁British ▁Is les . ▁In ▁total ▁Ward ▁played ▁ 1 4 ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁matches ▁in ▁seven ▁ties ▁and ▁compiled ▁a ▁ 7 – 7 ▁win - loss ▁record . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁active ▁career ▁Ward ▁became ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁US L TA ▁( U . S . ▁La wn ▁T ennis ▁Association ) ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁ ▁Grand ▁Sl am ▁fin als ▁ ▁Singles : ▁ 2 ▁( 1 ▁title , ▁ 1 ▁runner - up ) ▁ ▁Dou bles : ▁ 9 ▁( 6 ▁titles , ▁ 3 ▁run ners - up ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁male ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : American ▁male ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Intern ational ▁T ennis ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in duct ees ▁Category : T ennis ▁people ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : Un ited ▁States |
▁National ▁champions ▁( ten nis ) ▁Category : Gr and ▁Sl am ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁in ▁men ' s ▁singles ▁Category : Gr and ▁Sl am ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁in ▁men ' s ▁dou bles ▁Category : Har vard ▁Crim son ▁men ' s ▁tennis ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Ali ▁Bo z ay eh ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁‘ Al ī ▁Bo z ā ye h ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁G af she h - ye ▁Las ht - e ▁N es ha ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Las ht - e ▁N es ha ▁District , ▁R as ht ▁County , ▁Gil an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 6 5 2 , ▁in ▁ 2 0 5 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁R as ht ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Bur ram ine ▁South ▁is ▁a ▁local ity ▁in ▁the ▁Sh ire ▁of ▁Mo ira . ▁Bur ram ine ▁South ▁post ▁office ▁opened ▁on ▁ 1 ▁February ▁ 1 8 8 2 , ▁closed ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁re op ened ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁and ▁closed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁Bur ram ine ▁South ▁C ream ery ▁post ▁office ▁opened ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁and ▁was ▁closed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 1 |
9 1 8 . ▁ ▁Re ferences <0x0A> </s> ▁Rud en ia ▁im man is ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁m oth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁T ort ric idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁B aja ▁California , ▁Mexico . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Category : C och y lin i <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Wal er ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁breed ▁of ▁riding ▁horse ▁developed ▁from ▁horses ▁that ▁were ▁brought ▁to ▁the ▁Australian ▁colon ies ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁comes ▁from ▁their ▁breed ing ▁origins ▁in ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ; ▁they ▁were ▁originally ▁known ▁as ▁" New ▁South ▁Wal ers ". ▁ ▁Or ig ins ▁and ▁characteristics ▁The ▁Wal er ▁combined ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁breed s ; ▁particularly ▁the ▁Th orough b red , ▁Arab , ▁the ▁Cape ▁horse ▁( from ▁the ▁Cape ▁of ▁Good ▁Hope ), ▁Tim or ▁P ony ▁and ▁perhaps ▁a ▁little ▁C ly des dale ▁or ▁ ▁Per cher on . ▁It ▁was ▁originally ▁considered ▁only ▁a ▁" type " ▁of ▁horse ▁and ▁not ▁a ▁distinct ▁breed . ▁However , ▁as ▁a ▁land r ace ▁b red ▁under ▁the ▁extreme ▁climate ▁and ▁challenging ▁working ▁conditions ▁of ▁Australia , ▁the ▁Wal er ▁developed ▁into ▁a ▁hard y ▁horse ▁with ▁great ▁end urance ▁even ▁when ▁under ▁extreme ▁stress ▁from ▁lack ▁of ▁food ▁and ▁water . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁stock man ' s ▁horse ▁and ▁pri zed ▁as ▁a ▁military ▁rem ount |
. ▁Wal ers ▁were ▁also ▁used ▁by ▁bush r angers , ▁tro op ers ▁and ▁exploration ▁exped itions ▁that ▁travers ed ▁in land ▁Australia . ▁ ▁The ▁preferred ▁Wal ers ▁for ▁caval ry ▁duties ▁were ▁ 1 5 ▁to ▁ 1 6 ▁hands ▁high ▁( ). ▁Those ▁over ▁ 1 6 ▁hands ▁were ▁rejected ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Australian ▁Bush men ▁Corps . ▁Un bro ken ▁horses , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁those ▁with ▁grey ▁and ▁broken ▁( sp otted ) ▁coat ▁colours ▁were ▁also ▁rejected . ▁The ▁selected ▁horses ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁of ▁a ▁good ▁type ▁that ▁could ▁carry ▁sixteen ▁or ▁sevent een ▁stone ▁( 1 0 2 ▁to ▁ 1 0 8 kg ▁( 2 2 4 ▁to ▁ 2 3 8 l bs )) ▁day ▁after ▁day . ▁ ▁The ▁Wal ers ▁carried ▁the ▁r ider , ▁saddle , ▁saddle ▁cloth , ▁br idle , ▁head ▁collar , ▁lead ▁rope , ▁a ▁horses ho e ▁case ▁with ▁one ▁front ▁and ▁one ▁hind ▁shoe , ▁nails , ▁r ations ▁for ▁the ▁horse ▁and ▁r ider , ▁a ▁bed roll , ▁change ▁of ▁clothing , ▁a ▁rifle ▁and ▁about ▁ 9 0 ▁rounds ▁of ▁. 3 0 3 ▁rifle ▁am mun ition . ▁ ▁The ▁g ait s ▁of ▁the ▁Wal er ▁were ▁considered ▁ideal ▁for ▁a ▁caval ry ▁mount ; ▁it ▁could ▁maintain ▁a ▁fast ▁walk ▁and ▁could ▁progress ▁directly ▁to ▁a ▁steady , ▁level ▁can ter ▁without ▁resort ing ▁to ▁a ▁tro t ▁which ▁was ▁no isy , |
▁li able ▁to ▁dis l odge ▁gear ▁and ▁resulted ▁in ▁sore ness ▁in ▁the ▁horse ' s ▁back . ▁The ▁caval ry ▁horse ▁required ▁doc ility , ▁courage , ▁speed , ▁and ▁athlet ic ▁ability , ▁as ▁it ▁carried ▁the ▁r ider ▁into ▁battle . ▁The ▁inf an tr yman ’ s ▁horse ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁means ▁of ▁transport ▁from ▁one ▁point ▁to ▁another , ▁for ▁example , ▁from ▁camp ▁to ▁a ▁battle ▁ground , ▁where ▁the ▁horses ▁were ▁kept ▁back ▁from ▁the ▁fighting . ▁He avier ▁animals ▁were ▁selected ▁and ▁used ▁for ▁d ra ug ht ▁and ▁pack hor se ▁duties . ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁early ▁Wal ers ▁carried ▁a ▁fair ▁percentage ▁of ▁Th orough b red ▁blood , ▁with ▁some ▁recorded ▁as ▁race ▁winners ▁and ▁a ▁few ▁being ▁registered ▁in ▁the ▁Australian ▁Stud ▁Book . ▁While ▁in ▁war fare ▁service ▁in ▁North ▁Africa , ▁some ▁Wal ers ▁proved ▁successful ▁in ▁races ▁against ▁local ▁Egyptian ▁horses ▁and ▁ass orted ▁Th orough b red s . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁horses ▁from ▁the ▁AN Z AC ▁Mount ed ▁Division ▁won ▁five ▁of ▁the ▁six ▁events ▁at ▁Hel i opol is , ▁near ▁C airo . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Australian ▁horses ▁were ▁sent ▁overseas ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 8 3 0 s ; ▁between ▁the ▁ 1 8 4 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 0 s , ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁steady ▁trade ▁in ▁Wal ers ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁Indian ▁Army . ▁ ▁In ▁Australia ' s ▁two ▁wars |
▁of ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century — the ▁Second ▁Bo er ▁War ▁and ▁World ▁War ▁I — the ▁Wal er ▁was ▁the ▁back bone ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Light ▁Horse ▁mounted ▁forces . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁especially ▁suited ▁to ▁working ▁in ▁the ▁harsh ▁climate ▁of ▁the ▁S ina i ▁Pen insula ▁and ▁Palest ine , ▁where ▁it ▁proved ▁superior ▁to ▁the ▁cam el ▁as ▁a ▁means ▁of ▁transport ing ▁large ▁bodies ▁of ▁troops . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Bo er ▁War , ▁Australia ▁dis pat ched ▁ 1 6 , 3 1 4 ▁horses ▁overseas ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁the ▁Australian ▁Infan try ▁Forces . ▁In ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War , ▁ 1 2 1 , 3 2 4 ▁Wal ers ▁were ▁sent ▁overseas ▁to ▁the ▁all ied ▁arm ies ▁in ▁Africa , ▁Europe , ▁India ▁and ▁Palest ine . ▁ ▁Of ▁these , ▁ 3 9 , 3 4 8 ▁served ▁with ▁the ▁First ▁Australian ▁Imperial ▁Force , ▁mainly ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁while ▁ 8 1 , 9 7 6 ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁India . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁costs ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁in cur red ▁for ▁" return ing ▁horses ▁home " ▁with ▁their ▁mount s ▁and ▁perhaps ▁to ▁a ▁lesser ▁extent , ▁ ▁quar antine ▁restrictions , ▁only ▁one ▁Wal er ▁is ▁known ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁returned ▁to ▁Australia ; ▁" S andy ", ▁the ▁mount ▁of ▁Major - General ▁W . T . ▁Br idges , ▁an ▁officer ▁who ▁died ▁at ▁Gall ip oli ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 |
9 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁English ▁caval ry ▁officer , ▁L t ▁Col ▁R MP ▁Prest on ▁D SO , ▁sum med ▁up ▁the ▁Australian ▁Light ▁H ors es ' ▁performance ▁in ▁his ▁book , ▁The ▁Des ert ▁Mount ed ▁Corps : ▁" … ▁( N ovember ▁ 1 6 th , ▁ 1 9 1 7 ) ▁The ▁operations ▁had ▁now ▁continued ▁for ▁ 1 7 ▁days ▁practically ▁without ▁c ess ation , ▁and ▁a ▁rest ▁was ▁absolutely ▁necessary ▁especially ▁for ▁the ▁horses . ▁C aval ry ▁Division ▁had ▁covered ▁nearly ▁ 1 7 0 ▁miles … and ▁their ▁horses ▁had ▁been ▁water ed ▁on ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁once ▁in ▁every ▁ 3 6 ▁hours …. ▁The ▁heat , ▁too , ▁had ▁been ▁intense ▁and ▁the ▁short ▁r ations , ▁ 9 ½ ▁lb ▁of ▁grain ▁per ▁day ▁without ▁bulk ▁food , ▁had ▁weak ened ▁them ▁greatly . ▁Indeed , ▁the ▁hard ship ▁end ured ▁by ▁some ▁horses ▁was ▁almost ▁incredible . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁batteries ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Mount ed ▁Division ▁had ▁only ▁been ▁able ▁to ▁water ▁its ▁horses ▁three ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁nine ▁days ▁- ▁the ▁actual ▁intervals ▁being ▁ 6 8 , ▁ 7 2 ▁and ▁ 7 6 ▁hours ▁respectively . ▁Yet ▁this ▁battery ▁on ▁its ▁arrival ▁had ▁lost ▁only ▁eight ▁horses ▁from ▁exhaust ion , ▁not ▁counting ▁those ▁killed ▁in ▁action ▁or ▁evac uated ▁wounded . ▁ ▁… ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁horses ▁in ▁the ▁Corps ▁were ▁Wal ers ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁doubt ▁that ▁these |
▁hard y ▁Australian ▁horses ▁make ▁the ▁finest ▁caval ry ▁mount s ▁in ▁the ▁world …. ▁They ▁( the ▁Austral ians ) ▁have ▁got ▁types ▁of ▁compact , ▁well - built , ▁saddle ▁and ▁h arness ▁horses ▁that ▁no ▁other ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁can ▁show . ▁Rather ▁on ▁the ▁light ▁side ▁according ▁to ▁our ▁ideas , ▁but ▁hard ▁as ▁nails ▁and ▁with ▁beautiful ▁clean ▁legs ▁and ▁feet . ▁Their ▁records ▁in ▁this ▁war ▁place ▁them ▁far ▁above ▁the ▁C aval ry ▁horse ▁of ▁any ▁other ▁nation . ▁The ▁Austral ians ▁themselves ▁can ▁never ▁understand ▁our ▁partial ity ▁for ▁the ▁half - b red ▁weight - car rying ▁hun ter , ▁which ▁looks ▁to ▁them ▁like ▁a ▁cart ▁horse . ▁Their ▁cont ention ▁has ▁always ▁been ▁that ▁good ▁blood ▁will ▁carry ▁more ▁weight ▁than ▁big ▁bone , ▁and ▁the ▁experience ▁of ▁this ▁war ▁has ▁converted ▁the ▁writer , ▁for ▁one , ▁entirely ▁to ▁their ▁point ▁of ▁view . ▁It ▁must ▁be ▁remembered ▁that ▁the ▁Australian ▁countr ym en ▁are ▁bigger , ▁heav ier ▁men ▁than ▁their ▁English ▁brothers . ▁They ▁formed ▁just ▁half ▁the ▁Corps ▁and ▁it ▁probable ▁that ▁they ▁aver aged ▁not ▁far ▁off ▁ 1 2 ▁stone ▁each ▁stripped . ▁To ▁this ▁weight ▁must ▁be ▁added ▁another ▁ 9 - 1 / 2 ▁stone ▁for ▁saddle , ▁am mun ition , ▁sword , ▁rifle , ▁clothes ▁and ▁acc out re ments , ▁so ▁that ▁each ▁horse ▁carried ▁a ▁weight ▁of ▁ 2 1 ▁stone , ▁all ▁day ▁for ▁every ▁day ▁for ▁ |
1 7 ▁days , ▁- ▁on ▁less ▁than ▁half ▁the ▁normal ▁r ation ▁of ▁for age ▁and ▁with ▁only ▁one ▁drink ▁in ▁every ▁ 3 6 ▁hours ! ▁ ▁The ▁weight - car rying ▁English ▁Hunter ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁nurs ed ▁back ▁to ▁fitness ▁after ▁these ▁operations ▁and ▁for ▁a ▁long ▁period , ▁while ▁the ▁little ▁Australian ▁horses ▁without ▁any ▁special ▁care , ▁other ▁than ▁good ▁food ▁and ▁plenty ▁of ▁water ▁were ▁soon ▁fit ▁to ▁go ▁through ▁another ▁campaign ▁as ▁ar du ous ▁as ▁the ▁last ▁one ! … ." ▁ ▁One ▁well - known ▁Wal er ▁was ▁Major ▁Michael ▁Shan ahan ’ s ▁mount , ▁" Bill ▁the ▁Bast ard ", ▁who ▁buck ed ▁when ▁asked ▁to ▁gall op . ▁Yet , ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁when ▁the ▁major ▁found ▁four ▁Austral ians ▁out fl anked ▁by ▁the ▁Tur ks , ▁" Bill ▁the ▁Bast ard " ▁carried ▁all ▁five ▁men ▁– ▁three ▁on ▁his ▁back ▁and ▁one ▁on ▁each ▁stir rup ▁– ▁ ▁through ▁soft ▁sand ▁at ▁a ▁l umber ing ▁gall op , ▁without ▁first ▁buck ing . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁war , ▁ 1 1 , 0 0 0 ▁sur plus ▁horses ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁were ▁sold ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁as ▁rem ount s ▁for ▁Egypt ▁and ▁India . ▁Some ▁horses ▁that ▁were ▁categor ised ▁as ▁being ▁un fit ▁were ▁destroyed . ▁Also , ▁some ▁light ▁horse men ▁chose ▁to ▁destroy ▁their ▁horses ▁rather ▁than ▁part ▁with ▁them , ▁but ▁this ▁was ▁an |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.