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▁Oil ▁Company . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Wild ▁Mary ▁Sud ik ▁well ▁at ▁the ▁American ▁Oil ▁& ▁Gas ▁Historical ▁Society ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 ▁in ▁the ▁environment ▁Category : History ▁of ▁Oklahoma ▁City ▁Category : O il ▁sp ills ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : O il ▁well s ▁in ▁Oklahoma <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch iche ster ▁Falls ▁is ▁a ▁water fall ▁from ▁the ▁Andy ▁Creek , ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁Fall ▁Creek ▁Lake , ▁in ▁Lane ▁County , ▁Oregon . ▁Access ▁to ▁Ch ices ter ▁Falls ▁is ▁from ▁Forest ▁Road ▁ 1 8 , ▁known ▁as ▁Big ▁Fall ▁Creek ▁Road , ▁approximately ▁half ▁mile ▁from ▁Bed rock ▁Camp ground . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁water falls ▁in ▁Oregon ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Ch iche ster ▁Water fall ▁on ▁Y out ube ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Water falls ▁of ▁Lane ▁County , ▁Oregon <0x0A> </s> ▁Score : ▁A ▁Film ▁Music ▁Document ary ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁American ▁documentary ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Matt ▁Sch rad er ▁about ▁film ▁scores , ▁featuring ▁Hans ▁Z immer , ▁Danny ▁El f man , ▁John ▁Williams , ▁Qu inc y ▁Jones , ▁Rachel ▁Port man , ▁T rent ▁Re zn or , ▁and ▁others . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁released ▁the at ric ally ▁by ▁Gr av itas ▁Vent ures ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁and ▁on ▁Bl u - ray ▁and ▁download ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 |
7 . ▁▁ ▁The ▁film ▁inspired ▁Score : ▁The ▁Pod cast , ▁a ▁weekly ▁show ▁on ▁Apple ▁Pod cast s ▁hosted ▁by ▁the ▁producers ▁and ▁featuring ▁prominent ▁Hollywood ▁compos ers ▁as ▁guests , ▁which ▁launched ▁April ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Sch rad er ▁and ▁the ▁film makers ▁interviewed ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 0 ▁compos ers , ▁directors , ▁or chestr ators , ▁agents , ▁execut ives ▁and ▁experts ▁for ▁the ▁documentary . ▁Sch rad er ▁says ▁he ▁started ▁with ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁having ▁only ▁three ▁compos ers ▁featured , ▁but ▁realized ▁the ▁diversity ▁of ▁musical ▁opinions ▁present ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁compos ing ▁world . ▁ ▁Film ▁compos ers ▁▁ ▁Hans ▁Z immer ▁ ▁Danny ▁El f man ▁ ▁John ▁Williams ▁ ▁Qu inc y ▁Jones ▁ ▁Rachel ▁Port man ▁ ▁T rent ▁Re zn or ▁ ▁Steve ▁J abl ons ky ▁ ▁Brian ▁Tyler ▁ ▁Bear ▁McC re ary ▁ ▁John ▁Deb ney ▁ ▁Joe ▁K ra em er ▁ ▁Marco ▁Bel tr ami ▁ ▁Howard ▁Sh ore ▁ ▁Alexand re ▁Des pl at ▁ ▁Harry ▁Greg son - Will iam s ▁ ▁Thomas ▁New man ▁ ▁Patrick ▁D oyle ▁ ▁Att icus ▁Ross ▁ ▁John ▁Pow ell ▁ ▁Mark ▁M others b augh ▁ ▁D ario ▁Marian elli ▁ ▁T rev or ▁Rab in ▁ ▁Henry ▁Jack man ▁ ▁Jerry ▁Gold smith ▁ ▁Marco ▁Bel tr ami ▁ ▁Christ op he ▁Beck ▁ ▁Tyler ▁B ates ▁ ▁David ▁Arnold ▁ ▁Christopher ▁Young ▁ ▁En |
nio ▁Mor ric one ▁ ▁David ▁New man ▁ ▁He itor ▁Pere ira ▁ ▁My ch ael ▁D anna ▁ ▁Ell iot ▁Gold ent hal ▁ ▁Bernard ▁Herr mann ▁ ▁Con rad ▁Pope ▁ ▁Alfred ▁New man ▁ ▁Joseph ▁T rap an ese ▁ ▁Max ▁Ste iner ▁ ▁M erv yn ▁Warren ▁ ▁Christopher ▁L enn ert z ▁ ▁Deb or ah ▁L ur ie ▁ ▁J . ▁Ralph ▁ ▁Buck ▁Sand ers ▁ ▁John ▁Barry ▁ ▁J . A . C . ▁Red ford ▁ ▁Alex ▁North ▁ ▁Direct ors ▁▁ ▁James ▁Cameron ▁ ▁Gar ry ▁Marshall ▁ ▁Steven ▁Spiel berg ▁ ▁Christopher ▁N olan ▁ ▁George ▁Lucas ▁ ▁Other ▁cast ▁▁ ▁Leonard ▁M alt in ▁ ▁Jon ▁Bur ling ame ▁ ▁Robert ▁K raft ▁ ▁M oby ▁ ▁S iu - L an ▁Tan ▁ ▁Am os ▁New man ▁ ▁Robert ▁Town son ▁ ▁Mitchell ▁Le ib ▁ ▁Paul ▁B rou ce k ▁ ▁D ore en ▁R inger ▁Ross ▁ ▁Sh awn ▁Le M one ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁director ▁Sch rad er ▁left ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁an ▁investig ative ▁journalist ▁for ▁CBS ▁News ▁to ▁pursue ▁a ▁feature ▁documentary ▁about ▁film ▁compos ers . ▁Bank rolling ▁budget ▁camera ▁l enses ▁and ▁editing ▁equipment ▁from ▁his ▁own ▁savings , ▁Sch rad er ▁recru ited ▁friends ▁to ▁join ▁his ▁team , ▁including ▁producers ▁T rev or ▁Thompson , ▁Jonathan ▁Will b anks ▁and ▁N ate ▁Gold , ▁and ▁former ▁K O VR - TV ▁news ▁photographer |
, ▁Ken ny ▁Holmes . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁S CORE ▁launched ▁a ▁campaign ▁on ▁the ▁crow df und ing ▁website ▁K ick st arter , ▁which ▁gar ner ed ▁attention ▁and ▁raised ▁$ 1 2 0 , 9 3 0 ▁in ▁ 3 0 ▁days ▁— ▁more ▁than ▁triple ▁the ▁initial ▁goal ▁of ▁$ 4 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Former ▁President ▁of ▁Fox ▁Music ▁Robert ▁K raft ▁joined ▁after ▁hearing ▁about ▁the ▁project , ▁and ▁by ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Sch rad er ▁had ▁completed ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 0 ▁interviews ▁with ▁compos ers , ▁directors , ▁or chestr ators , ▁agents ▁and ▁more ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁music ▁industry . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁Gr av itas ▁Vent ures , ▁which ▁released ▁it ▁in ▁the aters ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁earning ▁$ 1 0 1 , 3 8 2 ▁box ▁office ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁then ▁released ▁on ▁Bl u - ray , ▁DVD ▁and ▁digital ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁# 1 ▁i T unes ▁documentary ▁for ▁four ▁consecutive ▁weeks . ▁ ▁The ▁film ' s ▁website ▁says ▁it ▁is ▁available ▁in ▁other ▁territor ies ▁including ▁Est onia , ▁Finland , ▁I cel and , ▁Japan , ▁Lat via , ▁L ith u ania , ▁Norway , ▁Sweden , ▁Spain , ▁Austria , ▁Australia , ▁Denmark , ▁Germany , ▁Italy , ▁Lie chten stein , |
▁Luxem bourg , ▁Netherlands , ▁South ▁Korea , ▁Switzerland , ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁and ▁Israel . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁Score ▁received ▁positive ▁reviews ▁from ▁critics . ▁Film ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁Rot ten ▁Tom atoes ▁reported ▁that ▁ 9 4 % ▁of ▁critics ▁gave ▁it ▁a ▁positive ▁review , ▁based ▁on ▁ 3 3 ▁reviews ▁with ▁an ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 7 . 1 / 1 0 . ▁The ▁website ' s ▁critical ▁consensus ▁reads , ▁" Score : ▁A ▁Film ▁Music ▁Document ary ▁offers ▁a ▁long - over due ▁look ▁at ▁an ▁integral ▁component ▁of ▁cinema ▁whose ▁ab bre vi ated ▁overview ▁of ▁the ▁subject ▁should ▁only ▁leave ▁viewers ▁ready ▁for ▁more ." ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁a ▁weight ed ▁average ▁score ▁of ▁ 6 7 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁based ▁on ▁ 9 ▁critics , ▁indicating ▁" gener ally ▁favor able ▁reviews ". ▁ ▁Gary ▁Gold stein ▁of ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times ▁called ▁the ▁film ▁" a ▁fe ast ▁for ▁the ▁eyes ▁and ▁ears ," ▁while ▁film ▁critic ▁Richard ▁R oe per ▁of ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Sun - Times ▁said ▁Score ▁was ▁" a ▁celebration ▁of ▁the ▁artists ▁who ▁create ▁the ▁musical ▁heart beat ▁of ▁the ▁movies ▁we ▁love ." ▁Crit ic ▁and ▁historian ▁Leonard ▁M alt in ▁( who ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁film ) ▁said ▁Sch rad er ▁produced ▁" a ▁co hes ive ▁and ▁fascinating ▁film ", ▁adding ▁the ▁film ▁" does n ’ t ▁miss ▁a ▁beat ." ▁The |
▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁selected ▁the ▁film ▁as ▁a ▁Crit ics ▁Pick ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Score ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁Ham pt ons ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁won ▁awards ▁at ▁eight ▁film ▁fest ivals , ▁including ▁the ▁B ould er ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁Chicago ▁Crit ics ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁Cleveland ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁Gas par illa ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁Nash ville ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁New port ▁Beach ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁Sed ona ▁Film ▁Festival ▁and ▁T ac oma ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁an ▁official ▁selection ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁San ▁Francisco ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Hollywood ▁Music ▁in ▁Media ▁Awards ▁in ▁the ▁Music ▁Document ary ▁category . ▁ ▁Score ▁was ▁named ▁Best ▁Document ary ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Chicago ▁Crit ics ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁documentary ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : Document ary ▁films ▁about ▁the ▁music ▁industry ▁Category : English - language ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁E up it he cia ▁h aren osa ▁is ▁a ▁m oth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ge omet r idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Iran . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁h aren osa ▁Category |
: M oth s ▁of ▁the ▁Middle ▁East <0x0A> </s> ▁Not ▁to ▁be ▁confused ▁with ▁Gl ies e ▁ 6 7 4 . ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Gl ies e ▁ 6 7 6 ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 0 th - m agn itude ▁wide ▁binary ▁system ▁of ▁red ▁d war fs ▁that ▁has ▁an ▁estimated ▁minimum ▁separation ▁of ▁ 8 0 0 ▁AU ▁with ▁an ▁orb ital ▁period ▁of ▁greater ▁than ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁years . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁approximately ▁ 5 4 ▁light ▁years ▁away ▁in ▁the ▁const ell ation ▁A ra . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁a ▁gas ▁giant ▁was ▁found ▁in ▁orbit ▁around ▁the ▁primary ▁star , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁its ▁confirmation ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁there ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁strong ▁indication ▁of ▁a ▁companion ; ▁the ▁second ▁gas ▁giant ▁was ▁character ised ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁along ▁with ▁two ▁much ▁smaller ▁planets . ▁ ▁Plan etary ▁system ▁The ▁first ▁planet ▁discovered , ▁b , ▁is ▁a ▁super - j ov ian ▁first ▁character ised ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁The ▁planet ▁was ▁formally ▁announced ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁recognition ▁of ▁a ▁trend ▁not ▁attribut able ▁to ▁the ▁companion ▁star . ▁Even ▁after ▁fitting ▁a ▁planet ▁and ▁a ▁trend , ▁it ▁was ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁resid ual ▁veloc ities ▁were ▁still ▁around ▁ 3 . 4 m / s , ▁significantly ▁larger ▁than ▁the ▁instrumental ▁errors ▁of ▁around ▁ |
1 . 7 m / s . ▁This ▁tent atively ▁implied ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁other ▁bodies ▁in ▁orbit , ▁though ▁nothing ▁more ▁could ▁be ▁said ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁ ▁The ▁star ▁was ▁a ▁test ▁case ▁for ▁the ▁H AR PS - T ERR A ▁software ▁for ▁better ▁reduction ▁of ▁data ▁from ▁the ▁H AR PS ▁spect rom eter ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Even ▁with ▁significantly ▁lower ▁marg ins ▁of ▁error ▁on ▁the ▁data , ▁less ▁data ▁was ▁accessible ▁than ▁what ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Still , ▁the ▁team ▁reached ▁a ▁very ▁similar ▁conclusion ▁to ▁the ▁previous ▁team ▁with ▁a ▁model ▁of ▁a ▁planet ▁and ▁a ▁trend . ▁The ▁resid ual ▁veloc ities ▁were ▁still ▁somewhat ▁excessive , ▁giving ▁more ▁weight ▁to ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁other ▁bodies ▁in ▁the ▁system , ▁though ▁still ▁no ▁conclusions ▁could ▁be ▁made . ▁ ▁Between ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁analysis ▁and ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁radial - vel ocity ▁measurements ▁used ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁were ▁made ▁public , ▁allowing ▁them ▁to ▁be ▁reduced ▁using ▁H AR PS - T ERR A . ▁These ▁were ▁then ▁analys ed ▁via ▁a ▁Bay esian ▁probability ▁analysis , ▁which ▁was ▁previously ▁used ▁to ▁discover ▁HD ▁ 1 0 1 8 0 ▁i ▁and ▁j , ▁which ▁confirmed ▁planet ▁b ▁and ▁made ▁a ▁first ▁character isation ▁of ▁planet ▁c , ▁which ▁was ▁previously ▁only ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁trend . ▁After ▁the |
▁first ▁two ▁signals ▁were ▁introduced , ▁the ▁next ▁most ▁powerful ▁signal ▁was ▁at ▁around ▁ 3 5 . 5 ▁days , ▁with ▁an ▁analyt ic ▁false ▁alarm ▁probability ▁of ▁ 0 . 1 5 6 . ▁Through ▁ 1 0 4 ▁trials , ▁the ▁false ▁alarm ▁probability ▁was ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁ 0 . 4 4 %, ▁low ▁enough ▁for ▁it ▁to ▁be ▁included ▁as ▁a ▁periodic , ▁planet ary ▁signal . ▁With ▁a ▁minimum ▁mass ▁of ▁around ▁ 1 1 ▁Earth s , ▁the ▁planet ▁lies ▁at ▁the ▁accepted ▁border ▁between ▁Super - E arth s ▁and ▁g ase ous , ▁Ne pt une - like ▁bodies ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁Earth s . ▁After ▁accepting ▁the ▁third ▁signal , ▁a ▁strong ▁peak ▁at ▁ 3 . 6 ▁days ▁became ▁apparent . ▁With ▁a ▁false ▁alarm ▁probability ▁much ▁lower ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁previously ▁accepted ▁body , ▁it ▁was ▁immediately ▁accepted . ▁With ▁a ▁minimum ▁mass ▁of ▁around ▁ 4 . 5 ▁Earth s , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁Super - E arth . ▁ ▁This ▁system ▁holds ▁the ▁current ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁wid est ▁range ▁of ▁masses ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁planet ary ▁system , ▁and ▁also ▁shows ▁a ▁hierarchy ▁rem inis cent ▁of ▁the ▁solar ▁system , ▁with ▁the ▁gas ▁gi ants ▁at ▁large ▁distances ▁from ▁the ▁star ▁while ▁the ▁smaller ▁bodies ▁are ▁much ▁closer - in . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁Super - J upiter ▁planets : ▁‘ b ‘ ▁with ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁ 1 0 5 2 ▁days |
▁( 2 . 9 ▁years ) ▁and ▁minimum ▁mass ▁of ▁ 6 , 7 ▁M J , ▁and ▁‘ c ‘ ▁with ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁ 7 3 4 0 ▁days ▁( 2 0 . 1 ▁years ) ▁and ▁a ▁mass ▁of ▁ 6 , 8 ▁M J . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Gl ies e ▁ 5 8 1 ▁ ▁Gl ies e ▁ 8 7 6 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : M - type ▁main - sequence ▁stars ▁ 0 6 7 6 ▁ 0 8 5 6 4 7 ▁Category : A ra ▁( const ell ation ) ▁Category : Binary ▁stars ▁Category : Plan etary ▁systems ▁with ▁four ▁confirmed ▁planets ▁ 2 ▁Category : D urch m uster ung ▁objects <0x0A> </s> ▁Search ing ▁for ▁a ▁Former ▁Cl arity ▁is ▁the ▁third ▁album ▁by ▁the ▁G aines ville , ▁Florida ▁punk ▁rock ▁band ▁Against ▁Me ! , ▁produced ▁by ▁J . ▁Rob b ins ▁and ▁released ▁on ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁by ▁Fat ▁W reck ▁Ch ords . ▁Support ed ▁by ▁singles ▁and ▁music ▁videos ▁for ▁the ▁songs ▁" Don ' t ▁L ose ▁Touch " ▁and ▁" From ▁Her ▁L ips ▁to ▁God ' s ▁E ars ▁( The ▁E ner g izer )", ▁it ▁was ▁their ▁first ▁album ▁to ▁chart ▁on ▁the ▁Bill board ▁ 2 0 0 , ▁reaching ▁# 1 1 4 . ▁It ▁also ▁reached ▁# 9 ▁on ▁Bill board ' s ▁Top ▁Independent ▁Albums ▁chart . ▁S |
inger / gu itar ist ▁Laura ▁Jane ▁Grace ▁has ▁described ▁Search ing ▁for ▁a ▁Former ▁Cl arity ▁as ▁a ▁concept ▁album . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁ ▁Re action ▁to ▁Search ing ▁for ▁a ▁Former ▁Cl arity ▁was ▁generally ▁positive , ▁with ▁critics ▁pra ising ▁Grace ' s ▁lyrics ▁and ▁the ▁band ' s ▁effective ▁combination ▁of ▁different ▁musical ▁elements . ▁Core y ▁A par ▁of ▁All mus ic ▁gave ▁the ▁album ▁four ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁stars ▁out ▁of ▁five , ▁calling ▁it ▁the ▁band ' s ▁" most ▁int ros pective ▁album ▁to ▁date . ▁In ▁both ▁subject ▁matter ▁and ▁song ▁composition , ▁they ▁expand ▁upon ▁elements ▁of ▁previous ▁releases ▁without ▁being ▁afraid ▁to ▁ve er ▁away ▁from ▁expectations ". ▁Though ▁describing ▁the ▁tone ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁as ▁" more ▁sober ▁and ▁resent ful " ▁in ▁comparison ▁to ▁their ▁previous ▁efforts , ▁he ▁remarked ▁that ▁" the ▁passion , ▁energy , ▁and ▁urg ency ▁Against ▁Me ! ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁is ▁no ▁less ▁present . ▁Instead , ▁Search ing ▁for ▁a ▁Former ▁Cl arity ▁is ▁a ▁more ▁developed ▁effort ▁that ▁is ▁not ▁only ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁punk ▁releases ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁but ▁further ▁estab l ishes ▁the ▁band ' s ▁growing ▁importance ▁within ▁the ▁punk ▁scene ." ▁ ▁Aub in ▁Paul ▁of ▁Punk news . org ▁also ▁praised ▁the ▁album , ▁giving ▁it ▁four ▁out ▁of ▁five ▁stars ▁and ▁stating ▁that ▁" Un like ▁the ▁simple ▁shout - al ong ▁melod ies ▁that ▁ad orn ed ▁previous |
▁albums , ▁... Cl arity ▁demands ▁repeated ▁list ens ▁far ▁more ▁than ▁any ▁previous ▁album ." ▁He ▁praised ▁the ▁band ' s ▁ability ▁to ▁effectively ▁combine ▁punk ▁rock , ▁country , ▁and ▁folk ▁music , ▁noting ▁that ▁" with ▁Cl arity ▁it ▁seems ▁the ▁band ▁has ▁finally ▁managed ▁to ▁f use ▁these ▁elements ▁seam lessly ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁track ." ▁He ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁lyrics ▁were ▁more ▁personal ▁and ▁" p ain fully ▁confess ional " ▁than ▁on ▁the ▁band ' s ▁previous ▁efforts , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁political ▁mot ifs ▁were ▁more ▁individual istic , ▁focusing ▁on ▁" the ▁effects ▁of ▁politics ▁on ▁real ▁people ." ▁He ▁summar ized ▁the ▁album ▁as ▁" amb it ious , ▁fully ▁realized ▁and ▁truly ▁special . ▁It ' s ▁also ▁a ▁conflict ed ▁record ; ▁it ' s ▁filled ▁with ▁internal ▁rum inations , ▁raw ▁emotions ▁and ▁a ▁dist ancing ▁wall ▁of ▁sound , ▁but ▁it ▁is ▁nevertheless ▁their ▁most ▁thought ful ▁and ▁accomplished ▁piece ▁of ▁song writing ▁and ▁a ▁record ▁that ▁grows ▁more ▁reward ing ▁with ▁each ▁listen ." ▁ ▁One ▁criticism ▁which ▁A par ▁and ▁Paul ▁shared ▁was ▁that ▁both ▁found ▁the ▁ch orus ▁of ▁" Un protected ▁Sex ▁with ▁Mult iple ▁Part ners " ▁to ▁be ▁" some what ▁annoying ", ▁though ▁Paul ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁song ▁had ▁" a ▁great ▁opening ▁and ▁confess ional ▁lyrics ". ▁Christian ▁Ho ard ▁of ▁Roll ing ▁Stone ▁was ▁more ▁critical ▁of ▁the ▁album , ▁giving ▁it ▁three ▁out ▁of ▁five ▁stars ▁and ▁describing ▁it ▁as |
▁" a ▁b izar ro ▁combination ▁of ▁Who ' s ▁Next , ▁an ▁angry ▁o i - p unk ▁record ▁and ▁some ▁dude ' s ▁blog ." ▁He ▁compliment ed ▁Grace ' s ▁lyrics ▁as ▁" both ▁word ier ▁and ▁fun nier ▁than ▁most ▁r ant - based ▁punk " ▁but ▁also ▁said ▁that ▁" over ▁fourteen ▁cuts , ▁[ her ] ▁Roger ▁D alt rey ▁b ellow ▁can ▁grow ▁wear is ome ". ▁He ▁did , ▁however , ▁praise ▁" H oly ▁Sh it !" ▁as ▁" a ▁detailed ▁critique ▁of ▁a ▁st agn ating ▁rock ▁scene " ▁and ▁said ▁that ▁" How ▁Low ", ▁a ▁slower ▁song ▁in ▁which ▁Grace ▁describes ▁attempts ▁to ▁give ▁up ▁drugs , ▁" prov [ es ] ▁that ▁you ▁can ' t ▁get ▁this ▁deep ▁into ▁other ▁people ' s ▁shit ▁without ▁getting ▁a ▁little ▁on ▁yourself ." ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Total ▁Cl arity ▁ ▁Against ▁Me ! ▁released ▁Total ▁Cl arity , ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁dem os ▁and ▁unre leased ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁Search ing ▁for ▁a ▁Former ▁Cl arity ▁recording ▁sessions , ▁through ▁Fat ▁W reck ▁Ch ords ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Fat ▁W reck ▁Ch ords ▁previously ▁released ▁The ▁Original ▁Cow boy , ▁an ▁album ▁of ▁dem os ▁from ▁the ▁band ' s ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁album ▁Against ▁Me ! ▁as ▁the ▁E ternal ▁Cow boy , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Person |
nel ▁Ad apt ed ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁l iner ▁notes . ▁ ▁Band ▁ ▁Laura ▁Jane ▁Grace ▁– ▁guitar , ▁lead ▁vocals ▁ ▁James ▁Bow man ▁– ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁ ▁Andrew ▁S eward ▁– ▁bass ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁ ▁Warren ▁O akes ▁– ▁drums ▁ ▁Additional ▁musicians ▁ ▁Chris ▁P umph rey ▁– ▁alto ▁sa x oph one ▁on ▁" M iami " ▁ ▁Rose ▁Ham mer ▁– ▁bar it one ▁sa x oph one ▁on ▁" M iami " ▁ ▁Ge of ▁Man thon re ▁– ▁trump et ▁on ▁" M iami " ▁ ▁J . ▁Rob b ins ▁– ▁tamb our ine ▁on ▁" Un protected ▁Sex ▁with ▁Mult iple ▁Part ners " ▁and ▁" Don ' t ▁L ose ▁Touch " ▁ ▁Dave ▁Chamber land , ▁Jon ▁Her ro on , ▁Math ieu ▁Gu il b ault , ▁and ▁Ol iv ier ▁Mag u ire ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁on ▁" Un protected ▁Sex ▁with ▁Mult iple ▁Part ners " ▁ ▁Gen ev ieve ▁T rem bl ay ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁on ▁" Un protected ▁Sex ▁with ▁Mult iple ▁Part ners " ▁and ▁" How ▁Low " ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁J . ▁Rob b ins ▁– ▁producer , ▁engineer , ▁mixing ▁engineer ▁ ▁Alan ▁Dou ches ▁– ▁master ing ▁ ▁Json ▁M unn ▁– ▁design ▁ ▁Paul ▁Sch iek ▁– ▁photography ▁ ▁Chart ▁performance ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Ag ain st ▁Me ! ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁albums ▁Category |
: Fat ▁W reck ▁Ch ords ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Ber nt ▁ Ø st hus ▁( born ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁lawyer ▁ ▁and ▁invest or ▁based ▁in ▁Tr ond heim , ▁Norway . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁University ▁of ▁Ber gen ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁and ▁has ▁since ▁worked ▁mainly ▁as ▁a ▁private ▁equity ▁invest or . ▁ ▁Mr . ▁ Ø st hus ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Chief ▁Executive ▁Officer ▁of ▁Not ar ▁Adv okat ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁before ▁becoming ▁the ▁Found er ▁and ▁Chief ▁Executive ▁Officer ▁of ▁P ret or ▁Adv okat ▁AS ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁Since ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Mr . ▁ Ø st hus ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁Man aging ▁Partner ▁of ▁St aur ▁Hold ing ▁AS , ▁a ▁family - owned ▁investment ▁company . ▁He ▁has ▁held ▁several ▁Chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁positions ▁in ▁companies ▁such ▁as ▁Pet ric ore ▁Ltd , ▁Aqu aly ng ▁Hold ing ▁AS , ▁Fr am ▁Expl oration ▁A SA ▁and ▁Res L ab ▁Res erv oir ▁Labor ator ies ▁AS . ▁He ▁co - found ed ▁the ▁P are to ▁St aur ▁Energy ▁Fund ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁He ▁co - found ed ▁the ▁private ▁equity ▁fund ▁Long ship ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Ber nt ▁ Ø st hus ▁is ▁a ▁passionate ▁Nature ▁Phot ographer , ▁and ▁was ▁awarded ▁Norweg ian ▁Nature |
▁Phot ographer ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁" N or weg ian ▁Nature ▁Photo ▁of ▁the ▁Year " ▁award . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁awarded ▁in ▁international ▁photo ▁compet itions , ▁such ▁as ▁G DT ▁Wild life ▁Phot ographer ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁and ▁N N PC . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁ Ø st hus ▁family ▁un anim ously ▁won ▁a ▁highly ▁public ized ▁arbitr ation ▁case ▁regarding ▁the ▁sale ▁of ▁N ors k ▁Ky ll ing ▁to ▁Rem a ▁ 1 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁lawyers ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Tr ond heim ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Ber gen ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Ph arga ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁m oth s ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁E reb idae . ▁The ▁genus ▁was ▁ere cted ▁by ▁Francis ▁Walker ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 3 . ▁ ▁Tax onomy ▁The ▁genus ▁was ▁previously ▁classified ▁in ▁the ▁sub family ▁Cal p ina e ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁No ct u idae . ▁ ▁Spec ies ▁Ph arga ▁bar bara ▁Schaus , ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁Rio ▁de ▁Jane iro ▁in ▁Brazil ▁Ph arga ▁p all ens ▁( B arn es ▁& ▁Mc D unn ough , ▁ 1 9 1 1 |
) ▁Arizona ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁Ph arga ▁ph ol aus alis ▁( Walk er , ▁[ 1 8 5 9 ]) ▁Venezuela ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : S cole c oc amp ina e ▁Category : M oth ▁gener a <0x0A> </s> ▁Pan am á ▁V ie jo ▁F . C . ▁was ▁a ▁Pan aman ian ▁football ▁team ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁and ▁based ▁in ▁Pan am á ▁V ie jo , ▁Pan ama . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁a ▁regular ▁participant ▁in ▁ ▁the ▁AN AP RO F ▁( now ▁Liga ▁Pan ame ña ▁de ▁F út bol ), ▁and ▁in ▁their ▁final ▁season ▁the ▁C ang re j eros ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 0 1 ▁championship . ▁ ▁They ▁succ umb ed ▁to ▁financial ▁problems ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁History ▁Pan am á ▁V ie jo ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁and ▁become ▁a ▁frequent ▁participant ▁in ▁the ▁AN AP RO F . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 0 1 ▁season , ▁they ▁enjoyed ▁their ▁most ▁memorable ▁success , ▁reaching ▁the ▁championship ▁final ▁for ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁time . ▁There , ▁they ▁met ▁T au ro ▁F . C ., ▁the ▁defending ▁champions ▁and ▁aim ing ▁at ▁their ▁fourth ▁championship ▁in ▁five ▁years . ▁ ▁Pan ama ▁V ie jo , ▁however , ▁entered ▁with ▁one ▁of ▁their ▁strongest ▁teams ▁ever . ▁ ▁Their s ▁was ▁a |
▁line up ▁that ▁featured ▁Pan aman ian ▁internation als ▁like ▁tall ▁stri ker ▁An el ▁Can ales , ▁w inger ▁V í ctor ▁Herr era , ▁attacking ▁mid f iel der ▁Ric ardo ▁Phillips , ▁mid f iel der ▁Bl as ▁Pé rez , ▁young ▁defensive ▁mid f iel der ▁Juan ▁de ▁D ios ▁Pé rez , ▁and ▁ke eper ▁ Ó scar ▁Mc F arl ane . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁managed ▁by ▁Gary ▁St emp el . ▁ ▁The ▁final ▁match ▁between ▁Pan am á ▁V ie jo ▁and ▁T au ro ▁FC ▁went ▁down ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁greatest ▁fin als ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁AN AP RO F . ▁T au ro ▁scored ▁first , ▁but ▁thanks ▁to ▁two ▁Er ick ▁Mart ine z ▁goals ▁Pan am á ▁V ie jo ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁go ▁ahead ▁ 3 - 1 . ▁ ▁T au ro ▁r all ied ▁to ▁equal ize ▁the ▁tie ▁at ▁ 3 - 3 , ▁but ▁Rod ney ▁Ram os ' s ▁extra ▁time ▁penalty ▁won ▁the ▁match ▁for ▁Pan am á ▁V ie jo . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁Pan am á ▁V ie jo ' s ▁only ▁title . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁family ▁owned , ▁and ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁spons or ▁for ▁the ▁en su ing ▁season , ▁the ▁owners ▁decided ▁to ▁seek ▁a ▁mer ger . ▁ ▁Iron ically , ▁they ▁merged ▁with ▁T au ro ▁FC . ▁Unfortunately ▁for ▁the ▁C ang re j eros , ▁in ▁ |
2 0 0 1 ▁they ▁suffered ▁financial ▁problems ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁forced ▁to ▁merged ▁with ▁T au ro ▁where by ▁they ▁ce ased ▁to ▁exist . ▁ ▁Hon ors ▁AN AP RO F : ▁ 1 ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 0 1 ▁ ▁Not able ▁former ▁players ▁▁ ▁Alberto ▁Bl anco ▁ ▁An el ▁Can ales ▁ ▁V í ctor ▁Herr era ▁ ▁Juan ▁Jes ús ▁Jul io ▁▁ Ó scar ▁Mc F arl ane ▁ ▁Bl as ▁Pé rez ▁ ▁Juan ▁de ▁D ios ▁Pé rez ▁ ▁Ric ardo ▁Phillips ▁ ▁Gary ▁Ram os ▁ ▁Rod ney ▁Ram os ▁ ▁Not able ▁former ▁managers ▁ ▁Gary ▁St emp el ▁( 1 9 9 8 – 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁http :// www . rss sf . com / tables p / pan am ach amp . html ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁football ▁clubs ▁in ▁Pan ama ▁Category : 1 9 7 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Pan ama ▁Category : 2 0 0 1 ▁dis est ablish ments ▁in ▁Pan ama <0x0A> </s> ▁Lu iken ▁is ▁a ▁Dutch ▁patron ym ic ▁surn ame ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁arch a ic ▁sp elling ▁Lu ik ▁of ▁the ▁given ▁name ▁Lu uk , ▁a ▁short ▁form ▁of ▁Lucas , ▁or ▁on ▁the ▁equally ▁arch ai ▁name ▁L ui ▁( from ▁L udo ▁or ▁Lud olph ). ▁Among ▁vari ants ▁are ▁Lu ij ken , ▁Lu ik ens ▁and ▁L uy ken . ▁People ▁with ▁this |
▁surn ame ▁include : ▁ ▁Jan ▁L uy ken ▁( 1 6 4 9 – 1 7 1 2 ), ▁Dutch ▁poet , ▁illustr ator ▁and ▁eng ra ver ▁ ▁( 1 7 4 2 – 1 8 1 8 ), ▁Dutch ▁politician ▁for ▁the ▁Bat av ian ▁Republic ▁L eda ▁L uss ▁L uy ken ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 2 ), ▁Greek - American ▁concept ual ▁artist ▁Nicole ▁Lu iken ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 1 ), ▁Canadian ▁science ▁fiction ▁author ▁Otto ▁L uy ken ▁( 1 8 8 4 – 1 9 5 3 ), ▁German ▁gard ener ▁Ste f anie ▁Lu iken ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 5 ), ▁Dutch ▁back stroke ▁swim mer ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁L uy ck x , ▁Dutch ▁surn ame ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁origin ▁Lu ik , ▁Est on ian ▁surn ame ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : D utch - language ▁surn ames ▁Category : Pat ron ym ic ▁surn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁V ans por ▁A . Ş . ▁was ▁a ▁football ▁team ▁of ▁Van ▁in ▁eastern ▁Turkey . ▁ ▁History ▁They ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁division ▁of ▁Turkish ▁football ▁between ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁playing ▁once ▁more ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ▁season . ▁After ▁re leg ation ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁division , ▁V ans por ▁turned ▁to ▁an ▁economic ▁crisis ▁and ▁were ▁re leg ated ▁from ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁and ▁ 3 |
rd ▁divisions ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 2 0 0 2 . ▁After ▁re leg ation ▁from ▁the ▁ 3 rd ▁division ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁club ▁was ▁renamed ▁as ▁ İ l ▁Ö zel ▁ İ da res i ▁V ans por ▁and ▁played ▁in ▁Van ▁Super ▁Am ateur . ▁They ▁changed ▁name ▁as ▁Van ▁Tu ş ba ▁Bel edi yes por ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁colour ▁as ▁black - y ellow . ▁They ▁finally ▁withd rew ▁from ▁Van ▁First ▁Am ateur ▁League ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁season ▁and ▁merged ▁with ▁Van ▁B ü y ü k ş eh ir ▁Bel edi yes por . ▁Due ▁to ▁mis management ▁and ▁bad ▁results , ▁almost ▁all ▁supporters ▁of ▁them ▁moved ▁to ▁Van ▁B ü y ü k ş eh ir ▁Bel edi yes por . ▁ ▁Their ▁nick name ▁was ▁" Can av arl ar " ▁which ▁transl ates ▁literally ▁as ▁" Mon sters " ▁in ▁Turkish . ▁Their ▁first ▁colours ▁were ▁black ▁and ▁yellow . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁they ▁converted ▁to ▁black ▁and ▁red . ▁Finally , ▁they ▁converted ▁to ▁a ▁white ▁and ▁light ▁blue ▁kit ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁F an ▁Site ▁ ▁T FF ▁Profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 |
▁dis est ablish ments ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Category : Foot ball ▁clubs ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : V an , ▁Turkey <0x0A> </s> ▁Henry ▁Lie ber man ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁computer ▁scientist ▁at ▁the ▁MIT ▁C SA IL ▁in ▁the ▁fields ▁of ▁programming ▁languages , ▁artificial ▁intelligence ▁and ▁human - comput er ▁interaction . ▁He ▁received ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁AC M ▁Impact ▁Award ▁Int ellig ent ▁User ▁Inter action ▁for ▁work ▁on ▁mining ▁affect ▁from ▁text ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁prevention ▁of ▁cyber bul lying . ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁principal ▁research ▁scientist ▁at ▁the ▁Media ▁Lab ▁and ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Software ▁Ag ents ▁Research ▁group . ▁ ▁Career ▁Dr . ▁Lie ber man ▁was ▁a ▁research ▁scientist ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 - 8 7 ▁at ▁the ▁Computer ▁Science ▁& ▁Art ificial ▁Intelligence ▁Labor atory ▁at ▁MIT , ▁working ▁with ▁influential ▁computer ▁scientists ▁such ▁as ▁Se ym our ▁Pap ert ▁and ▁Carl ▁He w itt . ▁His ▁early ▁contributions ▁to ▁computer ▁science ▁includes ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁programming ▁language ▁Log o , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁attempt ▁at ▁using ▁bitmap ▁and ▁color ▁graphics ▁in ▁programming ▁languages . ▁Some ▁of ▁his ▁contributions ▁include ▁prototype ▁object ▁systems , ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁deleg ation , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁real - time ▁garbage ▁collection ▁algorithms ▁in ▁programming ▁languages . ▁His ▁recent ▁work ▁at ▁the ▁MIT ▁Media ▁Lab ▁has ▁centered ▁around ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁comm |
ons ense ▁reasoning ▁for ▁user ▁interaction ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁programming ▁by ▁examples . ▁He ▁has ▁edited ▁or ▁co - ed ited ▁three ▁books , ▁including ▁End - User ▁Development ▁( Spring er , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ), ▁Sp in ning ▁the ▁Sem antic ▁Web ▁( MIT ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ), ▁and ▁Your ▁W ish ▁is ▁My ▁Command : ▁Program ming ▁by ▁Example ▁( M organ ▁K auf mann , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ). ▁His ▁book , ▁' Why ▁Can ' t ▁We ▁All ▁Just ▁Get ▁Along ', ▁focuses ▁on ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁game ▁theory ▁to ▁show ▁cooperation ▁pays ▁off ▁more ▁than ▁competition . ▁ ▁Education ▁Dr . ▁Lie ber man ▁has ▁a ▁b achelor ' s ▁degree ▁from ▁MIT ▁in ▁mathemat ics ▁( C ourse ▁ 1 8 ) ▁and ▁a ▁doctor al - equ ivalent ▁degree ▁( H abil itation ) ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Paris ▁VI ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁Vis iting ▁Professor ▁there ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 - 9 0 . ▁ ▁Se lected ▁works ▁▁▁ ▁Henry ▁Lie ber man ▁and ▁Carl ▁E . ▁He w itt ▁( 1 9 8 3 ). ▁A ▁Real - Time ▁Gar bage ▁Col lector ▁Based ▁on ▁the ▁L if et imes ▁of ▁Object s ▁Communications ▁of ▁the ▁AC M , ▁ 2 6 ( 6 ). ▁ ▁Diet er ▁F ens el , ▁James ▁Hend ler , ▁Henry ▁Lie ber man , ▁and ▁Wol fg ang ▁Wahl ster ▁( Ed s .), ▁Sp in |
ning ▁the ▁Sem antic ▁Web , ▁MIT ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁ ▁http :// mit press . mit . edu / catalog / item / default . asp ? sid = 8 A 8 5 C 4 4 0 - EC 5 D - 4 FF B - 9 9 5 E - 6 EB 7 6 7 2 B FB 0 7 & tt ype = 2 & tid = 9 1 8 2 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Home ▁page ▁ ▁Category : Mass achusetts ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁faculty ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁computer ▁scientists <0x0A> </s> ▁Floren z ▁Edward ▁Z ieg feld ▁Jr . ▁( M arch ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁– ▁July ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 3 2 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁Broadway ▁imp res ario , ▁notable ▁for ▁his ▁series ▁of ▁the atr ical ▁rev ues , ▁the ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁( 1 9 0 7 – 1 9 3 1 ), ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁Fol ies ▁Berg ère ▁of ▁Paris . ▁He ▁also ▁produced ▁the ▁musical ▁Show ▁Bo at . ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" gl or ifier ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁girl ". ▁Z ieg feld ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Theater ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Floren z ▁Edward ▁Z ieg feld ▁Jr . ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁March |
▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 8 6 7 , ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁Illinois . ▁His ▁mother , ▁Ros alie ▁( née ▁de ▁He z ), ▁who ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Belgium , ▁was ▁the ▁grand nie ce ▁of ▁General ▁Count ▁Ét ienne ▁Maurice ▁G ér ard . ▁His ▁father , ▁Floren z ▁Edward ▁Z ieg feld , ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁immigr ant ▁whose ▁father ▁was ▁the ▁mayor ▁of ▁J ever ▁in ▁F ries land . ▁Z ieg feld ▁was ▁bapt ized ▁in ▁his ▁mother ' s ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁church . ▁His ▁father ▁was ▁Luther an . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁child ▁Z ieg feld ▁witnessed ▁first - hand ▁the ▁Chicago ▁fire ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 1 . ▁His ▁father ▁ran ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Mus ical ▁College ▁and ▁later ▁opened ▁a ▁night club , ▁the ▁Tro c ad ero , ▁to ▁obtain ▁business ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁World ' s ▁Fair . ▁To ▁help ▁his ▁father ' s ▁night club ▁succeed , ▁Z ieg feld ▁hired ▁and ▁managed ▁the ▁strong man ▁Eug en ▁Sand ow . ▁ ▁During ▁a ▁trip ▁to ▁Europe , ▁Z ieg feld ▁came ▁across ▁a ▁young ▁Polish - F rench ▁singer ▁by ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Anna ▁H eld . ▁His ▁promotion ▁of ▁H eld ▁in ▁America ▁brought ▁about ▁her ▁met e oric ▁rise ▁to ▁national ▁fame . ▁It ▁was ▁H eld ▁who ▁first ▁suggested ▁an ▁American ▁im itation ▁of ▁the ▁Paris ian ▁Fol ies ▁Berg ère ▁to ▁Z ieg feld . ▁Her ▁success ▁in ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁his |
▁Broadway ▁shows , ▁especially ▁A ▁Paris ian ▁Model ▁( 1 9 0 6 ), ▁was ▁a ▁major ▁reason ▁for ▁his ▁starting ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁lav ish ▁rev ues ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 . ▁Much ▁of ▁H eld ' s ▁popularity ▁was ▁due ▁to ▁Z ieg feld ' s ▁creation ▁of ▁public ity ▁st unts ▁and ▁rum ors ▁fed ▁to ▁the ▁American ▁press . ▁ ▁Z ieg feld ' s ▁stage ▁spectacular s , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies , ▁began ▁with ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 0 7 , ▁which ▁opened ▁on ▁July ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 0 7 , ▁and ▁were ▁produced ▁annually ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁These ▁extr av ag anz as , ▁with ▁elaborate ▁cost umes ▁and ▁sets , ▁featured ▁beaut ies ▁chosen ▁personally ▁by ▁Z ieg feld ▁in ▁production ▁numbers ▁ch ore ograp hed ▁to ▁the ▁works ▁of ▁prominent ▁compos ers ▁such ▁as ▁Ir ving ▁Berlin , ▁George ▁G ers h win ▁and ▁Jer ome ▁K ern . ▁The ▁F oll ies ▁featured ▁the ▁famous ▁Z ieg feld ▁girls , ▁female ▁ch orus ▁d ancers ▁who ▁wore ▁elaborate ▁cost umes ▁and ▁performed ▁in ▁synchron ization . ▁ ▁The ▁F oll ies ▁featured ▁many ▁perform ers ▁who , ▁though ▁well ▁known ▁from ▁previous ▁work ▁in ▁other ▁the atr ical ▁gen res , ▁achieved ▁unique ▁financial ▁success ▁and ▁public ity ▁with ▁Z ieg feld . ▁Incl uded ▁among ▁these ▁are ▁N ora ▁Bay es , ▁F anny ▁Br |
ice , ▁Ruth ▁E tt ing , ▁W . ▁C . ▁Field s , ▁Eddie ▁Cant or , ▁Mar il yn ▁Miller , ▁Will ▁Rogers , ▁Bert ▁Williams ▁and ▁Ann ▁Pen ning ton . ▁ ▁Z ieg feld ▁and ▁H eld ▁comm enced ▁a ▁common - law ▁marriage ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 , ▁but ▁she ▁divor ced ▁him ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁according ▁to ▁her ▁ob it uary ▁in ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁dated ▁August ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁ ▁H eld ▁served ▁Z ieg feld ▁with ▁divorce ▁papers ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁and ▁their ▁divorce ▁became ▁final ▁on ▁January ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁H eld ▁had ▁submitted ▁testimony ▁about ▁Z ieg feld ' s ▁relationship ▁with ▁another ▁woman . ▁The ▁un named ▁party ▁in ▁this ▁romantic ▁triangle ▁was ▁show girl ▁L ill ian ▁L orr aine , ▁an ▁entertain er ▁of ▁limited ▁talent ▁but ▁char ism atic ▁stage ▁presence ▁and ▁beauty ▁whom ▁Z ieg feld ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 5 - year - old ▁perform er ▁in ▁a ▁Sh ub ert ▁production . ▁Z ieg feld ▁spent ▁years ▁promoting ▁her ▁career , ▁transform ing ▁her ▁into ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁his ▁F oll ies ▁and ▁establishing ▁her ▁in ▁an ▁apartment ▁two ▁floors ▁above ▁the ▁residence ▁he ▁shared ▁with ▁H eld . ▁He ▁remained ▁in ▁love |
▁with ▁L orr aine ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁life . ▁ ▁However , ▁Z ieg feld ▁and ▁actress ▁Bill ie ▁Bur ke ▁were ▁married ▁April ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁after ▁meeting ▁at ▁a ▁party ▁on ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁Eve . ▁They ▁had ▁one ▁child , ▁Pat ric ia ▁Z ieg feld ▁Stephen son ▁( 1 9 1 6 – 2 0 0 8 ). ▁The ▁family ▁lived ▁on ▁his ▁estate ▁in ▁H ast ings - on - H ud son , ▁New ▁York , ▁and ▁in ▁Palm ▁Beach , ▁Florida . ▁ ▁At ▁a ▁cost ▁of ▁$ 2 . 5 mill ion , ▁Z ieg feld ▁built ▁the ▁ 1 6 0 0 - se at ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁Six th ▁Avenue ▁between ▁ 5 4 th ▁and ▁ 5 5 th ▁Stre ets . ▁Des igned ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Urban ▁and ▁Thomas ▁W . ▁Lamb , ▁the ▁aud itor ium ▁was ▁egg - shaped , ▁with ▁the ▁stage ▁at ▁the ▁narrow ▁end . ▁A ▁huge ▁medieval - style ▁m ural , ▁The ▁Joy ▁of ▁Life , ▁covered ▁the ▁walls ▁and ▁ceiling . ▁To ▁finance ▁the ▁construction , ▁Z ieg feld ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁William ▁Rand olph ▁H ear st , ▁who ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁theater ▁after ▁Z ieg feld ' s ▁death . ▁ ▁The ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁opened ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁with ▁Z ieg feld ' s ▁production ▁of ▁Rio ▁R |
ita , ▁which ▁ran ▁for ▁nearly ▁ 5 0 0 ▁performances . ▁This ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁Show ▁Bo at , ▁a ▁great ▁hit ▁with ▁a ▁run ▁of ▁ 5 7 2 ▁performances . ▁This ▁musical , ▁which ▁concerned ▁racial ▁discrimination ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁nineteenth ▁century , ▁was ▁a ▁collaboration ▁between ▁Z ieg feld , ▁Urban , ▁and ▁composer ▁Jer ome ▁K ern . ▁ ▁The ▁musical ▁has ▁been ▁rev ived ▁four ▁times ▁on ▁Broadway , ▁winning ▁multiple ▁Tony ▁Awards . ▁The ▁score ▁features ▁several ▁class ics ▁such ▁as ▁" O l ' ▁Man ▁River " ▁and ▁" Can ' t ▁Help ▁Lov in ' ▁Dat ▁Man ". ▁ ▁Z ieg feld ▁lost ▁much ▁of ▁his ▁money ▁in ▁the ▁stock ▁market ▁crash . ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁he ▁st aged ▁a ▁rev ival ▁of ▁Show ▁Bo at ▁that ▁ran ▁for ▁six ▁months — a ▁hit , ▁by ▁Dep ression ▁standards . ▁That ▁same ▁year , ▁he ▁brought ▁his ▁F oll ies ▁stars ▁to ▁CBS ▁Radio ▁with ▁The ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁the ▁Air . ▁ ▁Z ieg feld ▁died ▁in ▁Hollywood , ▁California ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁from ▁ple ur isy , ▁related ▁to ▁a ▁previous ▁lung ▁infection . ▁He ▁had ▁been ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁only ▁a ▁few ▁days ▁after ▁moving ▁from ▁a ▁New ▁Mexico ▁san it arium . ▁His ▁death ▁left ▁Bur ke ▁with ▁substantial ▁deb ts , ▁driving ▁her ▁toward ▁film ▁acting ▁to ▁settle ▁them |
. ▁He ▁and ▁Bur ke ▁are ▁inter red ▁in ▁K ens ico ▁C emetery ▁in ▁Val h alla , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Acc ol ades ▁Z ieg feld ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁American ▁Theatre ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁Broadway ▁theatre ▁produ ctions ▁ ▁{ | ▁class =" wik itable ▁sort able ▁coll aps ible " ▁| - ▁! scope = col ▁col span = 3 | ▁Broadway ▁theatre ▁produ ctions ▁| - ▁! scope = col | ▁Date ▁! scope = col | ▁Title ▁! scope = col ▁class =" un sort able " ▁| ▁Notes ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Her ald ▁Square ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Her ald ▁Square ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁|| ▁Way ▁Down ▁East ▁|| ▁Manhattan ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Manhattan ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁|| ▁M lle . ▁F ifi ▁|| ▁Manhattan ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Manhattan ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ |
1 8 9 9 – 1 9 0 0 ▁|| ▁Papa ' s ▁W ife ▁|| ▁Manhattan ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 1 – 1 9 0 2 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Casino ▁Theatre , ▁Grand ▁Opera ▁House ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 3 – 1 9 0 4 ▁|| ▁Red ▁Fe ather ▁|| ▁Ly ric ▁Theatre , ▁Grand ▁Opera ▁House ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 3 – 1 9 0 4 ▁|| ▁Mam ' sel le ▁Napoleon ▁|| ▁Kn icker b ocker ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 4 – 1 9 0 5 ▁|| ▁Hig g led y - P igg led y ▁|| ▁We ber ▁and ▁Field s ' ▁Broadway ▁Music ▁Hall ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁|| ▁Hig g led y - P igg led y ▁|| ▁We ber ▁and ▁Field s ' ▁Broadway ▁Music ▁Hall ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 6 – 1 9 0 7 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Broadway ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁|| ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁|| ▁J ard |
in ▁de ▁Paris , ▁Liberty ▁Theatre , ▁Grand ▁Opera ▁House ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Broadway ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁New ▁York ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁|| ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁|| ▁J ard in ▁de ▁Paris , ▁New ▁York ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 8 – 1 9 0 9 ▁|| ▁Miss ▁Inn oc ence ▁|| ▁New ▁York ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁|| ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁|| ▁J ard in ▁de ▁Paris ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁|| ▁Miss ▁Inn oc ence ▁|| ▁New ▁York ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁|| ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁|| ▁J ard in ▁de ▁Paris ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁|| ▁J ard in ▁de ▁Paris ▁| - |
▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁|| ▁Over ▁the ▁River ▁|| ▁Gl obe ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁M ou lin ▁Rou ge ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 2 – 1 9 1 3 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁|| ▁M ou lin ▁Rou ge ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁|| ▁M ou lin ▁Rou ge ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 6 – 1 9 1 7 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Century |
▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁|| ▁Dance ▁and ▁Grow ▁Th in ▁|| ▁C oco an ut ▁Gro ve ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Hudson ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 1 8 ▁|| ▁Miss ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁|| ▁Century ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 1 8 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁C oco an ut ▁Gro ve ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre , ▁Gl obe ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Mid night ▁Fro lic ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Ro of ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁|| ▁By ▁P ige on ▁Post ▁|| ▁George ▁M . ▁C oh an ' s |
▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁N ine ▁O ' Clock ▁Review ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁Ro of ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Mid night ▁Fro lic ▁|| ▁Dan se ▁de ▁F oll ies ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁|| ▁Ca esar ' s ▁W ife ▁|| ▁Liberty ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 1 9 – 1 9 2 0 ▁|| ▁Els ie ▁Jan is ▁and ▁Her ▁G ang ▁|| ▁George ▁M . ▁C oh an ' s ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Girls ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁|| ▁Dan se ▁de ▁F oll ies ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 |
0 – 1 9 2 2 ▁|| ▁Sally ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Mid night ▁Fro lic ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Ro of ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁ 9 ▁O ' Clock ▁Fro lic ▁|| ▁Dan se ▁de ▁F oll ies ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁|| ▁Gl obe ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 1 – 1 9 2 2 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Henry ▁Miller ' s ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 1 – 1 9 2 2 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Mid night ▁Fro lic ▁|| ▁Dan se ▁de ▁F oll ies ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 2 – 1 9 2 3 ▁|| ▁Rose ▁B ri ar ▁|| ▁Empire ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right |
;" | ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁|| ▁Sally ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 3 – 1 9 2 4 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 3 – 1 9 2 5 ▁|| ▁Kid ▁Boot s ▁|| ▁Earl ▁Car roll ▁Theatre , ▁Sel w yn ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 4 – 1 9 2 5 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 4 – 1 9 2 5 ▁|| ▁Annie ▁Dear ▁|| ▁Times ▁Square ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁|| ▁Louis ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁|| ▁Cos m opol itan ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam |
▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁|| ▁No ▁F ool in ''' ▁|| ▁Gl obe ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 6 – 1 9 2 7 ▁|| ▁B ets y ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 7 – 1 9 2 8 ▁|| ▁Rio ▁R ita ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre , ▁Ly ric ▁Theatre , ▁Maj estic ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 7 – 1 9 2 8 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 7 – 1 9 2 9 ▁|| ▁Show ▁Bo at ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁|| ▁Ros alie ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁|| ▁ ▁|| ▁Ly ric ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 8 – 1 9 2 9 ▁|| ▁Who ope e ! ▁|| ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - |
align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Mid night ▁Fro lic ▁|| ▁Fro lic ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁|| ▁Show ▁Girl ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 2 9 – 1 9 3 0 ▁|| ▁B itter ▁Sweet ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre , ▁Sh ub ert ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁|| ▁Simple ▁Simon ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 0 – 1 9 3 1 ▁|| ▁Sm iles ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁|| ▁Hot - Ch a ! ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁|| ▁Show ▁Bo at ▁|| ▁Casino ▁Theatre ▁| } ▁ ▁Films ▁Z ieg feld ▁appears ▁in ▁a ▁sound ▁pro log ue ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁film , ▁Show ▁Bo at — a |
▁part - talk ie ▁based ▁on ▁Ed na ▁Fer ber ' s ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁novel , ▁not ▁the ▁popular ▁stage ▁adaptation ▁that ▁was ▁still ▁playing ▁on ▁Broadway ▁when ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁released . ▁Universal ▁Pictures ▁originally ▁made ▁Show ▁Bo at ▁as ▁a ▁silent , ▁and ▁obtained ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁the ▁popular ▁Broadway ▁score ▁after ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁shot . ▁The ▁ 1 8 - minute ▁pro log ue ▁is ▁introduced ▁by ▁Z ieg feld ▁and ▁producer ▁Carl ▁La em m le , ▁and ▁features ▁ex cer pts ▁from ▁the ▁stage ▁production ▁performed ▁by ▁cast ▁members ▁J ules ▁B led so e , ▁T ess ▁Gard ella , ▁Helen ▁Morgan ▁and ▁the ▁Broadway ▁ch orus . ▁Two ▁subsequent ▁adapt ations ▁of ▁Show ▁Bo at , ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁were ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁stage ▁musical . ▁ ▁Techn icol or ▁screen ▁versions ▁of ▁three ▁of ▁Z ieg feld ' s ▁stage ▁musical s ▁were ▁produced ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁sound ▁film ▁era . ▁R K O ▁Pictures ▁had ▁its ▁first ▁hit ▁with ▁its ▁lav ish ▁presentation ▁of ▁Rio ▁R ita ▁( 1 9 2 9 ), ▁star ring ▁Be be ▁Daniel s ▁and ▁John ▁B oles . ▁ ▁Mar il yn ▁Miller ▁re pr ised ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁greatest ▁stage ▁success es ▁in ▁Sally ▁( 1 9 2 9 ). ▁Eddie ▁Cant or ▁re pr ised ▁his ▁popular ▁Broadway ▁role ▁in ▁Who ope e ! ▁( 1 9 3 0 ), ▁which ▁Z |
ieg feld ▁himself ▁produced ▁with ▁Samuel ▁Gold w yn . ▁ ▁Cultural ▁references ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁Metro - Gold w yn - M ayer ▁released ▁a ▁semi - bi ographical ▁film ▁extr av agan za , ▁The ▁Great ▁Z ieg feld , ▁star ring ▁William ▁Pow ell . ▁He ▁was ▁personally ▁chosen ▁for ▁the ▁role ▁by ▁Bill ie ▁Bur ke , ▁who ▁felt ▁that ▁while ▁Pow ell ▁did ▁not ▁physically ▁re semble ▁her ▁late ▁husband , ▁he ▁possessed ▁the ▁right ▁manner . ▁" What ▁I ▁tried ▁to ▁do ▁primarily ▁was ▁to ▁get ▁across ▁the ▁essential ▁spirit ▁of ▁the ▁man ", ▁Pow ell ▁later ▁said , ▁" his ▁love ▁for ▁show ▁business , ▁his ▁ex quis ite ▁taste , ▁his ▁adm iration ▁for ▁the ▁beauty ▁of ▁women . ▁He ▁was ▁financ ially ▁imp ract ical ▁but ▁aest het ically ▁im pe cc able — a ▁genius ▁in ▁his ▁chosen ▁field ." ▁Nom inated ▁for ▁seven ▁Academy ▁Awards , ▁The ▁Great ▁Z ieg feld ▁received ▁O sc ars ▁for ▁Best ▁Picture , ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁( Lu ise ▁R ainer ▁as ▁Anna ▁H eld ), ▁and ▁Best ▁Dance ▁D irection ▁( Se ym our ▁Felix ), ▁for ▁the ▁aston ishing ly ▁op ulent ▁production ▁number , ▁" A ▁Pretty ▁Girl ▁Is ▁Like ▁a ▁Mel ody "— one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁famous ▁musical ▁sequences ▁ever ▁fil med . ▁It ▁was ▁M GM ' s ▁most ▁expensive ▁production ▁since ▁Ben - H ur ▁( 1 9 2 5 ), ▁and ▁it ▁made ▁back |
▁twice ▁its ▁cost . ▁ ▁Re leased ▁by ▁M GM ▁ten ▁years ▁later , ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁( 1 9 4 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁all - star ▁rev ue ▁that ▁includes ▁Pow ell ▁in ▁a ▁came o ▁role ▁as ▁Z ieg feld . ▁A ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁NBC - te lev ision ▁film , ▁Z ieg feld : ▁The ▁Man ▁and ▁His ▁Women , ▁stars ▁Paul ▁S hen ar ▁as ▁Z ieg feld . ▁Direct ed ▁by ▁B uzz ▁K ul ik , ▁the ▁three - hour ▁bi opic Ber ard , ▁Jean ette ▁M .; ▁Cor win , ▁Norman ; ▁Eng l und , ▁K la ud ia . ▁" Spec ials ", ▁Television ▁Series ▁and ▁Special s ▁Script s , ▁Mc F ar land , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ; ▁, ▁p . ▁ 4 2 5 ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁seven ▁Em my ▁Awards ▁and ▁received ▁the ▁award ▁for ▁Out standing ▁Cin emat ography ▁( G er ald ▁Finn erman ). ▁ ▁Z ieg feld ▁appears ▁as ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁films : ▁ ▁The ▁J ol son ▁Story ▁( 1 9 4 6 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Eddie ▁K ane ▁ ▁I ' ll ▁See ▁You ▁in ▁My ▁Dream s ▁( 1 9 5 1 ), ▁played ▁by ▁William ▁For rest ▁ ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁Will ▁Rogers ▁( 1 9 5 2 ), ▁played ▁by ▁William ▁For rest ▁ ▁The ▁I ▁Don ' t ▁Care ▁Girl ▁( 1 9 5 3 ), |
▁played ▁by ▁Wil ton ▁Gra ff ▁ ▁The ▁Eddie ▁Cant or ▁Story ▁( 1 9 5 3 ), ▁played ▁by ▁William ▁For rest ▁ ▁The ▁Helen ▁Morgan ▁Story ▁( 1 9 5 7 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Walter ▁W ool f ▁King ▁ ▁Fun ny ▁Girl ▁( 1 9 6 8 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Walter ▁P idge on ; ▁played ▁by ▁Roger ▁De K oven ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁Broadway ▁stage ▁production ▁ ▁W . ▁C . ▁Field s ▁and ▁Me ▁( 1 9 7 6 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Paul ▁Stewart ▁ ▁Arch ive ▁The ▁Academy ▁Film ▁Arch ive ▁houses ▁the ▁Floren z ▁Z ieg feld - Bill ie ▁Bur ke ▁Collection . ▁The ▁collection ▁consists ▁primarily ▁of ▁home ▁movies . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Carter , ▁Rand olph , ▁Z ieg feld , ▁the ▁Time ▁of ▁His ▁Life , ▁New ▁and ▁rev . ▁ed ., ▁London , ▁Bernard ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ; ▁ ▁Red n iss , ▁Lauren , ▁Century ▁Girl : ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Years ▁in ▁the ▁Life ▁of ▁Dor is ▁E aton ▁Tr avis , ▁Last ▁Living ▁Star ▁of ▁the ▁Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ' ', ▁New ▁York , ▁Harper ▁Collins , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ; ▁. ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Z ieg feld ▁Produ ctions , ▁ 1 9 1 5 – 1 9 3 2 , ▁Joseph ▁Urban ▁Collection , ▁Columbia ▁University ▁L ibraries ▁ ▁Joseph ▁Urban ▁Stage ▁Design ▁Mod els ▁& ▁Doc uments , ▁Joseph ▁Urban ▁Collection |
, ▁Columbia ▁University ▁L ibraries ▁– ▁Phot ograph s ▁of ▁select ▁designs ▁for ▁Z ieg feld ▁shows ▁ ▁Flo ▁Z ieg feld - Bill ie ▁Bur ke ▁Papers , ▁ 1 9 0 7 – 1 9 8 4 , ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Billy ▁Rose ▁Theatre ▁Division , ▁New ▁York ▁Public ▁Library ▁for ▁the ▁Per forming ▁Arts ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 2 ▁deaths ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Chicago ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Belg ian ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁German ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁theatre ▁directors ▁Category : American ▁theatre ▁managers ▁and ▁producers ▁Category : Imp res arios ▁Category : Z ieg feld ▁F oll ies ▁Category : B ur ials ▁at ▁K ens ico ▁C emetery ▁Category : In fect ious ▁disease ▁deaths ▁in ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁B uss es ▁Ro ar ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁D . ▁Ross ▁Led erman ▁and ▁star ring ▁Richard ▁Tr avis ▁and ▁Julie ▁Bishop . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁A ▁b ung ling ▁sab ote ur ▁attempts ▁to ▁place ▁a ▁bomb ▁on ▁board ▁a ▁bus ▁so ▁that ▁it ▁will ▁explode ▁as ▁the ▁bus ▁passes ▁by ▁some ▁oil ▁well s . ▁ ▁The ▁plot ▁is ▁fo iled , ▁but ▁not ▁by ▁the ▁authorities . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Richard ▁Tr avis ▁as ▁Sergeant ▁Ryan ▁Julie ▁Bishop ▁as ▁Reb a ▁Rich ards ▁Charles ▁D rake ▁as ▁Eddie ▁S lo an ▁E lean or ▁Parker ▁as ▁Norm a ▁El is abeth |
▁Fr aser ▁as ▁Bet ty ▁Richard ▁Fr aser ▁as ▁Dick ▁Rem ick ▁Peter ▁Whit ney ▁as ▁Frederick ▁Hoff ▁Frank ▁Wil co x ▁as ▁Detect ive ▁Quinn ▁Will ie ▁Best ▁as ▁Sun shine ▁R ex ▁Williams ▁as ▁Jerry ▁Silva ▁Harry ▁Lewis ▁as ▁Danny ▁Bill ▁Kennedy ▁as ▁The ▁M oo cher ▁George ▁Me ek er ▁as ▁Nick ▁St odd ard ▁V era ▁Lewis ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁D ipper ▁Harry ▁C . ▁Brad ley ▁as ▁Henry ▁D ipper ▁L ott ie ▁Williams ▁as ▁First ▁Old ▁M aid ▁Le ah ▁B air d ▁as ▁Second ▁Old ▁M aid ▁Che ster ▁G an ▁as ▁Y aman ito ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 s ▁crime ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁crime ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁D . ▁Ross ▁Led erman ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : American ▁black - and - white ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Haus stein ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁B av aria , ▁Germany . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁Haus stein ▁(" H ouse - stone ") ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁the ▁An terior ▁B av arian ▁Forest , ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁Lower ▁B av arian ▁town ▁of ▁Reg en , ▁and ▁nort heast ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Deg g end orf , ▁and ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁municip ality ▁of ▁Sch au fl ing , ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁Deg g end orf . ▁▁ ▁On ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁the |
▁mountain , ▁there ▁are ▁two ▁ski ▁lif ts ▁for ▁Al p ine ▁sk iers ▁and ▁others , ▁with ▁up ▁to ▁, ▁which ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ski ▁and ▁cross - country ▁centre ▁of ▁Deg g end orf - R us el - H aus stein . ▁North ▁of ▁the ▁mountain ▁is ▁the ▁Rus el ; ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁pan or amic ▁position , ▁the ▁As kle pi os ▁Clin ic ▁of ▁Sch au fl ing . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁This ▁article ▁incorpor ates ▁text ▁translated ▁from ▁the ▁corresponding ▁article ▁in ▁German ▁Wikipedia . ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁B av aria <0x0A> </s> ▁Gr öt z ingen ▁Jewish ▁C emetery ▁( ▁or ▁) ▁is ▁the ▁smallest ▁Jewish ▁bur ial ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Karl s ru he , ▁B aden - W ür tt ember g , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁is ▁listed ▁as ▁a ▁national ▁heritage ▁site . ▁ ▁History ▁Until ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁the ▁dead ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁community ▁of ▁Gr öt z ingen ▁were ▁buried ▁at ▁O berg rom bach ▁Jewish ▁C emetery ▁nort heast ▁of ▁Karl s ru he . ▁The ▁Jewish ▁c emetery ▁of ▁Gr öt z ingen ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 – 6 ▁on ▁Jun gh ä ld en ▁field ▁on ▁W err ab ron ner ▁Stra ße . ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁surrounded ▁by ▁modern ▁buildings . ▁ ▁The ▁c emetery ▁stret ches ▁on ▁a ▁ 0 . 1 8 ▁acres ▁area ▁and ▁has |
▁ 1 3 ▁gr aves , ▁the ▁oldest ▁dat able ▁one ▁being ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁ground ▁of ▁the ▁c emetery ▁is ▁fully ▁covered ▁with ▁sc reed . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁▁ ▁: ▁ ▁( G eden kb uch ▁der ▁Syn ag ogen ▁in ▁Deutschland , ▁vol . ▁ 4 ), ▁. ▁ ▁Category : J ew ish ▁c em eter ies ▁in ▁B aden - W ür tt ember g ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Karl s ru he ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁Category : 1 9 0 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : Her itage ▁sites ▁in ▁B aden - W ür tt ember g <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Memory ▁Cat hedral : ▁A ▁Secret ▁History ▁of ▁Leon ardo ▁da ▁Vin ci ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁historical ▁fantasy ▁fiction ▁novel ▁by ▁Jack ▁D ann . ▁It ▁follows ▁Leon ardo ▁da ▁Vin ci ▁construct ing ▁his ▁flying ▁machine ▁and ▁then ▁travelling ▁to ▁the ▁East . ▁ ▁Background ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁by ▁B ant am ▁Books ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁published ▁in ▁ten ▁languages ▁to ▁date . ▁It ▁won ▁the ▁Australian ▁A ure alis ▁Award ▁for ▁best ▁fantasy ▁novel ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁was ▁# 1 ▁on ▁The ▁Age ▁best s eller ▁list , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁a ▁nov ella ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁novel , ▁" |
Da ▁Vin ci ▁R ising ," ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Neb ula ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Nov ella . ▁The ▁Memory ▁Cat hedral ▁was ▁also ▁short listed ▁for ▁the ▁Audio ▁Book ▁of ▁the ▁Year , ▁which ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Bra ille ▁& ▁Talk ing ▁Book ▁Library ▁Awards ., ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁Dit mar ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Australian ▁Long ▁F iction . ▁ ▁Syn opsis ▁D ann ' s ▁major ▁historical ▁novel ▁dep icts ▁a ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁Rena issance ▁in ▁which ▁Leon ardo ▁da ▁Vin ci ▁actually ▁construct s ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁his ▁invent ions , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁flying ▁machine , ▁whose ▁designs ▁are ▁well - known ▁from ▁his ▁surviving ▁sk et ches . ▁He ▁later ▁em plo ys ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁military ▁invent ions ▁during ▁a ▁battle ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁while ▁in ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁a ▁Sy rian ▁general ▁- ▁events ▁which ▁D ann ▁projects ▁into ▁a ▁year ▁of ▁da ▁Vin ci ' s ▁life ▁about ▁which ▁little ▁is ▁known . ▁The ▁novel ▁also ▁presents ▁a ▁detailed ▁imag ining ▁of ▁the ▁life ▁and ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁invent or ▁and ▁painter ▁during ▁this ▁period , ▁and ▁includes ▁his ▁enc ounters ▁with ▁other ▁historical ▁characters ▁res iding ▁in ▁Florence ▁including ▁Mach i av elli ▁and ▁B ott ic elli . ▁ ▁The ▁title ▁refers ▁to ▁an ▁ancient ▁system ▁of ▁memory ▁recall , ▁or ▁M n emon ics , ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁building , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁cat hedral , ▁is ▁constructed ▁in ▁the |
▁mind ▁as ▁a ▁container ▁for ▁imagined ▁objects ▁- ▁which ▁are ▁deliberately ▁connected ▁to ▁particular ▁memories . ▁The ▁building ▁can ▁later ▁be ▁mentally ▁navig ated ▁to ▁re - enc ounter ▁those ▁objects ▁and ▁retrieve ▁the ▁memories ▁with ▁which ▁they ▁are ▁associated . ▁Da ▁Vin ci ' s ▁memory ▁cat hedral ▁functions ▁in ▁the ▁narrative ▁as ▁a ▁device ▁through ▁which ▁he ▁reviews ▁his ▁experiences ▁as ▁death ▁approaches . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁novels ▁Category : F ant asy ▁novels ▁Category : Hist or ical ▁novels ▁Category : Work s ▁about ▁Leon ardo ▁da ▁Vin ci ▁Category : A ure alis ▁Award - winning ▁works ▁Category : N ov els ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Tri este ▁Tro ops ▁Command ▁was ▁an ▁Italian ▁Army ▁brig ade - sized ▁command ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁the ▁Tri este ▁and ▁task ed ▁with ▁the ▁defense ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁in ▁case ▁of ▁a ▁Y ug oslav - It al ian ▁war . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Or ig ins ▁ ▁After ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Tri este ▁and ▁the ▁surrounding ▁territory ▁became ▁the ▁Free ▁Terr itory ▁of ▁Tri este ▁under ▁direct ▁responsibility ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council . ▁The ▁territory ▁was ▁split ▁into ▁the ▁Y ug oslav ▁administer ed ▁Zone ▁B ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁and ▁the ▁British - American ▁administer ed ▁Zone ▁A ▁in ▁the ▁north , ▁which ▁included ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Tri este . ▁The ▁All ied ▁Military ▁Government ▁administer |
ed ▁Zone ▁A , ▁which ▁was ▁divided ▁into ▁peace keeping ▁and ▁law ▁enforcement ▁sectors ▁protected ▁by ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁American ▁troops ▁( Tri este ▁United ▁States ▁Tro ops ▁- ▁TR UST ) ▁and ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁British ▁troops ▁( B rit ish ▁Element ▁Tri este ▁Force ▁- ▁B ET FOR ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁Britain ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁stated ▁their ▁intention ▁to ▁leave ▁Zone ▁A ▁and ▁hand ▁its ▁administration ▁over ▁to ▁Italy . ▁Sub sequ ent ▁negotiations ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁signing ▁of ▁the ▁London ▁Mem or and um ▁on ▁ 5 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁by ▁the ▁foreign ▁minister s ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁Italy ▁and ▁Y ug oslav ia . ▁The ▁Mem or and um ▁gave ▁Zone ▁A ▁with ▁Tri este ▁to ▁Italy ▁for ▁an ▁ordinary ▁civil ▁administration , ▁and ▁Zone ▁B , ▁which ▁had ▁already ▁had ▁a ▁commun ist ▁government ▁since ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁to ▁Y ug oslav ia . ▁ ▁American ▁and ▁British ▁forces ▁immediately ▁began ▁to ▁withdraw ▁from ▁Zone ▁A ▁and ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁the ▁last ▁TR UST ▁commander , ▁Major ▁General ▁John ▁A . ▁D ab ney ▁handed ▁over ▁control ▁of ▁Zone ▁A ▁to ▁the ▁Italian ▁ 8 2 nd ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁" Tor ino " ▁which ▁was ▁transferred ▁from ▁its ▁base ▁in ▁For l ì ▁to ▁Tri este ▁and ▁formed ▁the ▁core ▁of ▁the ▁prov is ional ▁Group ing |
▁" T ". ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁the ▁Group ing ▁" T " ▁was ▁reduced ▁to ▁ 2 2 nd ▁Z onal ▁Military ▁Command ▁and ▁the ▁ 8 2 nd ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁" Tor ino " ▁entered ▁the ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁" F ol g ore ", ▁which ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁task ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁Y ug oslav - It al ian ▁border ▁between ▁Gor izia ▁and ▁Tri este . ▁On ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁the ▁ 8 2 nd ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁" Tor ino " ▁moved ▁to ▁Gor izia ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁in ▁Tri este ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 5 1 st ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁" S ass ari ". ▁ ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command ▁▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁ 1 5 1 st ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁" S ass ari " ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Regiment ▁entered ▁the ▁newly ▁raised ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command , ▁which ▁was ▁task ed ▁with ▁the ▁defence ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁The ▁area ▁between ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁the ▁Tim avo ▁river ▁to ▁its ▁North ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁def ended ▁by ▁the ▁C aval ry ▁Brigade ▁" P oz zu olo ▁del ▁F ri uli " ' s ▁Regiment ▁" P iem onte ▁Cav aller ia " ▁( 2 nd ), ▁which ▁field ed ▁two ▁arm ored ▁squad rons ▁groups ▁equipped ▁with ▁a ▁mix ▁of ▁tanks ▁and ▁arm ored ▁personnel ▁car riers ▁in |
▁Villa ▁Op ic ina ▁and ▁S gon ico . ▁The ▁P iem onte ▁Cav aller ia ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁II ▁Self - prop elled ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁in ▁B anne , ▁which ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁Self - prop elled ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Regiment ▁of ▁the ▁" P oz zu olo ▁del ▁F ri uli " ▁brig ade . ▁After ▁its ▁activation ▁the ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command ▁came ▁under ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Army ▁Corps ▁and ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁units : ▁▁▁ ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁▁ 1 5 1 st ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁" S ass ari ", ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Command ▁Company , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁I ▁Batt alion , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁II ▁Batt alion , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁III ▁Batt alion , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Anti - t ank ▁Company , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Regiment , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁( D uc a ▁delle ▁P ug lie ▁barr acks ) ▁ ▁Command ▁B attery , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁I ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group , ▁in ▁Tri este , ▁with ▁ 1 0 5 / 2 2 ▁mod . ▁ 1 4 / 6 1 ▁ 1 0 5 mm ▁tow ed ▁how itz ers ▁ ▁II ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group , ▁in ▁M ugg ia , ▁with ▁ 1 0 5 / 2 2 ▁mod . ▁ 1 4 / 6 1 ▁ 1 0 5 |
mm ▁tow ed ▁how itz ers ▁ ▁Rec ru its ▁Training ▁Company , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Sign al ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Engine er ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Light ▁A vi ation ▁Section , ▁in ▁Pro se cc o ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁the ▁command ▁was ▁renamed ▁Tri este ▁Tro ops ▁Command . ▁▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁reform ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁the ▁Italian ▁army ▁under to ok ▁a ▁major ▁reform ▁of ▁its ▁forces ▁and ▁structure : ▁the ▁reg imental ▁level ▁was ▁abol ished ▁and ▁batt al ions ▁came ▁under ▁direct ▁command ▁of ▁newly ▁created ▁multi - arms ▁brig ades . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁divisions ▁were ▁re organ ized ▁and ▁their ▁areas ▁of ▁responsibility ▁were ▁re defined . ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁the ▁ 1 5 1 st ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁" S ass ari " ▁was ▁dis band ed ▁and ▁its ▁II ▁and ▁III ▁batt alion ▁put ▁into ▁reserve ▁status , ▁while ▁the ▁I ▁Batt alion ▁was ▁renamed ▁as ▁ 1 st ▁Motor ized ▁Infan try ▁Batt alion ▁" San ▁Gi ust o ". ▁Like wise , ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Regiment ▁and ▁the ▁II ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁were ▁dis band ed ▁and ▁the ▁I ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁renamed ▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁" M ur ge ". ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁artillery ▁group |
▁was ▁equipped ▁with ▁the ▁more ▁powerful ▁and ▁more ▁modern ▁M 1 1 4 ▁tow ed ▁how itz ers . ▁After ▁the ▁reform ▁the ▁Tri este ▁Tro ops ▁Command ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁units : ▁▁▁ ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Command ▁and ▁Services ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁▁ 1 st ▁Motor ized ▁Infan try ▁Batt alion ▁" San ▁Gi ust o ", ▁in ▁Tri este ▁( includes ▁one ▁mechan ized ▁company ▁with ▁M 1 1 3 ▁A PC s ) ▁▁ 4 3 rd ▁Motor ized ▁Infan try ▁Batt alion ▁" For l ì " ▁( Res erve ), ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁ 2 5 5 th ▁Motor ized ▁Infan try ▁Batt alion ▁" V en eto " ▁( Res erve ), ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁" M ur ge ", ▁in ▁Tri este ▁( M 1 1 4 ▁ 1 5 5 mm ▁tow ed ▁how itz ers ) ▁ ▁Engine er ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Sign al ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Pro vis ions ▁Supp ly ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Log istics ▁Base , ▁in ▁M ugg ia ▁ ▁The ▁command ▁stored ▁and ▁maintained ▁the ▁mater iel ▁for ▁the ▁ 4 3 rd ▁Motor ized ▁Infan try ▁Batt alion ▁" For l ì " ▁and ▁ 2 5 5 th ▁Motor ized ▁Infan try ▁Batt alion ▁" V en eto ", ▁which ▁in ▁case ▁of |
▁war ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁activated ▁and ▁filled ▁with ▁reserv ists ▁from ▁Tri este ▁and ▁the ▁surrounding ▁area . ▁During ▁the ▁same ▁reform ▁the ▁C aval ry ▁Brigade ▁" P oz zu olo ▁del ▁F ri uli " ▁was ▁split ▁and ▁the ▁Regiment ▁" P iem onte ▁Cav aller ia " ▁( 2 nd ) ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁new ▁Arm ored ▁Brigade ▁" V itt orio ▁Ven eto ", ▁which ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁defense ▁of ▁the ▁area ▁between ▁Tri este ▁and ▁the ▁Tim avo ▁river . ▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁reform ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁the ▁Italian ▁Army ▁abol ished ▁the ▁divis ional ▁level ▁and ▁the ▁Tri este ▁Tro ops ▁Command , ▁headed ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁by ▁a ▁Division ▁General ▁was ▁dis band ed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁The ▁ 1 st ▁Motor ized ▁Infan try ▁Batt alion ▁" San ▁Gi ust o " ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁Mechan ized ▁Brigade ▁" V itt orio ▁Ven eto ", ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁" M ur ge " ▁to ▁the ▁Art illery ▁Command ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Army ▁Corps . ▁The ▁remaining ▁units , ▁including ▁the ▁two ▁reserve ▁batt al ions , ▁were ▁dis band ed . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : It al ian ▁Army ▁( post - 1 9 4 6 ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Un at ara ▁at ing a ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁be et le ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cer amb yc |
idae , ▁the ▁only ▁species ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Un at ara . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : H eter ops ini <0x0A> </s> ▁Diamond ▁was ▁a ▁ 4 0 - gun ▁fourth - rate ▁fr igate ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁Royal ▁Navy , ▁originally ▁built ▁for ▁the ▁navy ▁of ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁of ▁England ▁by ▁Peter ▁P ett ▁at ▁De pt ford ▁D ock yard , ▁and ▁launched ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1 6 5 2 . ▁By ▁ 1 6 7 7 ▁her ▁arm ament ▁had ▁been ▁increased ▁to ▁ 4 8 ▁guns . ▁ ▁Diamond ▁was ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 3 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁La very , ▁Brian ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁The ▁Ship ▁of ▁the ▁Line ▁- ▁Volume ▁ 1 : ▁The ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁battle f le et ▁ 1 6 5 0 - 1 8 5 0 . ▁Con way ▁Mar itime ▁Press . ▁. ▁Win field , ▁R if ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁British ▁War ships ▁in ▁the ▁Age ▁of ▁S ail ▁ 1 6 0 3 - 1 7 1 4 : ▁Design , ▁Construction , ▁Care ers ▁and ▁F ates . ▁Sea for th ▁Publishing . ▁. ▁ ▁Category : Ship s ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁Category : Ship s ▁built ▁in ▁De pt ford ▁Category : 1 6 5 0 s ▁ships ▁Category : Capt ured ▁ships <0x0A> </s> ▁D ę b owie c ▁ ▁is ▁a |
▁village ▁in ▁J as ło ▁County , ▁Sub car path ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁south - e astern ▁Poland . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁the ▁gmin a ▁( administr ative ▁district ) ▁called ▁G mina ▁D ę b owie c . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁J as ło ▁and ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁R zes z ów . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁an ▁approximate ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Deb owie c ▁has ▁a ▁long ▁and ▁rich ▁history . ▁For ▁centuries ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁town , ▁located ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁historic ▁province ▁of ▁Lesser ▁Poland . ▁Until ▁the ▁Part itions ▁of ▁Poland , ▁Deb owie c ▁belonged ▁to ▁B ie cz ▁County ▁of ▁Kr ak ow ▁Vo iv odes hip . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁Middle ▁A ges , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁a ▁g ord , ▁located ▁in ▁sp ars ely ▁inhab ited ▁areas ▁of ▁Car path ian ▁f ooth ills . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁century , ▁Bened ict ine ▁mon ks ▁from ▁T yn ie c ▁encouraged ▁sett lers ▁to ▁come ▁to ▁this ▁corner ▁of ▁Lesser ▁Poland . ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁a ▁village , ▁destroyed ▁in ▁ 1 2 4 1 , ▁during ▁the ▁Mong ol ▁invasion ▁of ▁Poland . ▁As i atic ▁h ord es ▁returned ▁in ▁ 1 2 5 9 – 1 2 6 0 ▁and ▁ 1 2 8 7 – 1 2 8 |
8 , ▁bringing ▁further ▁destruction . ▁▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 3 4 9 , ▁King ▁Kaz im ierz ▁W iel ki ▁granted ▁Mag de burg ▁rights ▁to ▁Deb owie c . ▁By ▁that ▁time , ▁Deb owie c ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁a ▁local ▁center ▁of ▁administration , ▁as ▁first ▁mention ▁of ▁a ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁parish ▁of ▁St . ▁Bar th ol ome w ▁existing ▁here ▁dates ▁back ▁to ▁ 1 3 2 8 . ▁According ▁to ▁some ▁sources , ▁Deb owie c ▁had ▁been ▁granted ▁town ▁char ter ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 3 th ▁century , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 3 4 9 , ▁Kaz im ierz ▁W iel ki ▁changed ▁the ▁char ter ▁from ▁Polish ▁to ▁German ▁( Mag de burg ▁rights ). ▁First ▁known ▁v og t ▁of ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁Mik ol aj ▁of ▁Bak ow . ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 3 6 5 , ▁Kaz im ierz ▁W iel ki ▁visited ▁Deb owie c . ▁▁ ▁By ▁early ▁ 1 5 th ▁century , ▁Deb owie c ▁had ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁art is ans , ▁and ▁among ▁its ▁most ▁famous ▁owners ▁was ▁kn ight ▁Marc in ▁of ▁W roc im ow ice , ▁who ▁res ided ▁here ▁in ▁ 1 4 3 3 – 1 4 4 2 . ▁His ▁son , ▁Marc in ▁of ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁captured ▁by ▁Tur ks ▁during ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁V arna , ▁and ▁spent ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁in ▁Turkish |
▁capt ivity . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 4 7 1 , ▁Deb owie c ▁burned ▁in ▁a ▁great ▁fire , ▁and ▁three ▁years ▁later ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁ra ided ▁by ▁Hung arian ▁troops ▁under ▁Thomas ▁Tar cz ay , ▁which ▁burned ▁all ▁local ▁villages , ▁together ▁with ▁Deb owie c ▁and ▁its ▁church ▁( Jan uary ▁ 1 4 7 4 ). ▁In ▁ 1 4 9 4 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁flo oded , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 4 9 6 – 1 4 9 7 , ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁affected ▁by ▁a ▁pl ague . ▁Furthermore , ▁in ▁ 1 4 9 8 ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁ra ided ▁by ▁Crime an ▁Tat ars ▁and ▁Wall ach ians , ▁who ▁burned ▁all ▁towns ▁and ▁villages ▁of ▁Car path ian ▁f ooth ills . ▁▁ ▁Deb owie c ▁prosper ed ▁in ▁the ▁period ▁known ▁as ▁Polish ▁Golden ▁Age . ▁Even ▁though ▁the ▁town ▁and ▁its ▁castle ▁burned ▁in ▁ 1 5 1 2 , ▁it ▁was ▁quickly ▁re built , ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁local ▁trade ▁center , ▁with ▁a ▁brew ery , ▁wine ▁cell ars , ▁tax ▁office , ▁water mill ▁and ▁other ▁businesses . ▁In ▁ 1 5 2 8 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁named ▁seat ▁of ▁a ▁star osta , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 5 3 5 , ▁royal ▁privilege ▁was ▁issued , ▁grant ing ▁the ▁right ▁for ▁Monday ▁f airs . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 7 1 ▁J ad w iga ▁Tar lo , ▁future ▁wife |
▁of ▁Jer zy ▁M nis zech , ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁star osta ▁of ▁Deb owie c . ▁She ▁married ▁M nis zech ▁in ▁ 1 5 8 6 , ▁and ▁the ▁couple ▁settled ▁at ▁the ▁Deb owie c ▁Castle . ▁In ▁ 1 6 0 5 , ▁the ▁M nis zech s ▁hosted ▁env o ys ▁of ▁False ▁D mit ri y ▁I , ▁who ▁asked ▁for ▁the ▁hand ▁of ▁their ▁daughter ▁Marina . ▁On ▁May ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 6 0 6 , ▁Marina ▁M nis zech ▁married ▁D mit ri y ▁in ▁Moscow . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 2 4 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁ra ided ▁by ▁Crime an ▁Tat ars , ▁and ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 6 2 6 , ▁almost ▁whole ▁town ▁burned ▁in ▁a ▁great ▁fire , ▁after ▁which ▁only ▁parish ▁church ▁and ▁seven ▁houses ▁stood . ▁The ▁Tat ars ▁returned ▁in ▁ 1 6 2 9 ▁and ▁ 1 6 5 4 , ▁while ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 5 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁lo oted ▁by ▁Sw edes , ▁during ▁the ▁Del uge ▁( history ). ▁On ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 6 5 7 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁burned ▁and ▁its ▁residents ▁murdered ▁by ▁Trans il van ians ▁of ▁George ▁II ▁R ak oc zi . ▁After ▁the ▁wars ▁of ▁the ▁mid - 1 7 th ▁century , ▁Deb owie c ▁never ▁recover red ▁and ▁declined ▁in ▁importance . ▁In ▁ 1 7 |
6 9 , ▁a ▁battle ▁of ▁the ▁Bar ▁Confeder ation ▁took ▁place ▁here , ▁and ▁three ▁years ▁later , ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁an nex ed ▁by ▁the ▁Hab sburg ▁Empire . ▁▁ ▁Deb owie c ▁remained ▁in ▁Aust rian ▁Gal icia ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁In ▁ 1 8 0 6 , ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁Mik h ail ▁K ut uz ov ▁mar ched ▁through ▁the ▁town ▁after ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Aust er l itz . ▁Local ▁peas ants ▁actively ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁so - called ▁Gal ician ▁slaughter ▁( 1 8 4 6 ), ▁while ▁ 2 6 ▁patri ots ▁from ▁Deb owie c ▁fought ▁in ▁the ▁January ▁U pr ising . ▁Due ▁to ▁widespread ▁poverty , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁local ▁residents ▁left ▁Deb owie c ▁and ▁adjacent ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁and ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁em igr ating ▁either ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁or ▁Brazil . ▁▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁seized ▁by ▁Russian ▁army , ▁which ▁ret reated ▁after ▁two ▁days . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁flood ▁in ▁Poland , ▁and ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 6 ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁it ▁lost ▁its ▁town ▁char ter . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁local ▁peas ants ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁pe asant ▁strike ▁in ▁Poland . ▁ ▁Re ferences |
▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁J as ło ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Luis ▁Ces ar ▁Fra iz ▁Sant amar ía ▁( born ▁ 1 3 ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Pan aman ian ▁football ▁def ender ▁who ▁plays ▁for ▁Pl aza ▁Am ador . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Fra iz ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁F ros in one ▁squad ▁that ▁won ▁the ▁club ▁a ▁first ▁promotion ▁to ▁Serie ▁A ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁but ▁played ▁only ▁a ▁league ▁game ▁himself . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Player ▁profile ▁- ▁F ros in one ▁Cal cio ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁defend ers ▁Category : Pan aman ian ▁football ers ▁Category : C . D . ▁Á r abe ▁Un ido ▁players ▁Category : F ros in one ▁Cal cio ▁players ▁Category : Pan aman ian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Italy ▁Category : Ser ie ▁B ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Ex tr at err itor ial ▁juris diction ▁( ET J ) ▁is ▁the ▁legal ▁ability ▁of ▁a ▁government ▁to ▁exercise ▁authority ▁beyond ▁its ▁normal ▁boundaries . ▁ ▁Any ▁authority ▁can ▁claim ▁ET J ▁over ▁any ▁external ▁territory ▁they ▁wish . ▁However , ▁for ▁the ▁claim ▁to ▁be ▁effective ▁in ▁the ▁external ▁territory ▁( except ▁by ▁the ▁exercise ▁of ▁force ), ▁it ▁must ▁be ▁agreed ▁either ▁with ▁the ▁legal ▁authority ▁in |
▁the ▁external ▁territory , ▁or ▁with ▁a ▁legal ▁authority ▁that ▁covers ▁both ▁territor ies . ▁When ▁un qual ified , ▁ET J ▁usually ▁refers ▁to ▁such ▁an ▁agreed ▁juris diction , ▁or ▁it ▁will ▁be ▁called ▁something ▁like ▁" claimed ▁ET J ". ▁ ▁The ▁phrase ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to ▁a ▁country ' s ▁laws ▁extending ▁beyond ▁its ▁boundaries ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁that ▁they ▁may ▁author ise ▁the ▁courts ▁of ▁that ▁country ▁to ▁enforce ▁their ▁juris diction ▁against ▁parties ▁appearing ▁before ▁them ▁in ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁acts ▁they ▁alleg edly ▁engaged ▁in ▁outside ▁that ▁country . ▁This ▁does ▁not ▁depend ▁on ▁the ▁co - operation ▁of ▁other ▁countries , ▁since ▁the ▁affected ▁people ▁are ▁within ▁the ▁relevant ▁country ▁( or ▁at ▁least , ▁in ▁a ▁case ▁involving ▁a ▁person ▁being ▁tried ▁in ▁absent ia , ▁ ▁the ▁case ▁is ▁being ▁heard ▁by ▁a ▁court ▁of ▁that ▁country ). ▁For ▁example , ▁many ▁countries ▁have ▁laws ▁which ▁give ▁their ▁criminal ▁courts ▁juris diction ▁to ▁try ▁prosecut ions ▁for ▁pir acy , ▁sexual ▁off ences ▁against ▁children , ▁computer ▁crimes ▁and / or ▁terror ism ▁committed ▁outside ▁their ▁national ▁boundaries . ▁Sometimes ▁such ▁laws ▁only ▁apply ▁to ▁nation als ▁of ▁that ▁country , ▁and ▁sometimes ▁they ▁may ▁apply ▁to ▁anyone . ▁ ▁C ases ▁of ▁exerc ised ▁juris diction ▁ ▁Di plom atic ▁missions ▁Di plom atic ▁imm unity ▁of ▁foreign ▁emb ass ies ▁and ▁cons ulates ▁in ▁host ▁countries ▁is ▁governed ▁by ▁the ▁Vienna ▁Convention ▁on ▁Di plom atic ▁Rel ations ▁and ▁the ▁Vienna |
▁Convention ▁on ▁Cons ular ▁Rel ations . ▁ ▁Military ▁forces ▁Status ▁of ▁forces ▁agreements ▁and ▁visiting ▁forces ▁agreements ▁are ▁in ▁effect ▁in ▁many ▁countries ▁that ▁allow ▁visiting ▁forces ▁to ▁exercise ▁juris diction ▁over ▁members ▁of ▁their ▁forces ▁that ▁are ▁station ed ▁in ▁the ▁host ▁country . ▁ ▁Crim inal ▁law ▁ ▁Crim inal ▁juris diction ▁can ▁be ▁of ▁an ▁extr at err itor ial ▁nature ▁where : ▁▁ ▁a ▁nation ▁as serts ▁it ▁either ▁generally ▁or ▁in ▁specific ▁cases ▁under ▁its ▁domestic ▁law , ▁ ▁a ▁su pr an ational ▁authority ▁( such ▁as ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council ) ▁has ▁created ▁an ▁international ▁court ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁a ▁specific ▁case ▁( e . g . ▁war ▁crimes ▁in ▁a ▁certain ▁country ), ▁or ▁ ▁an ▁international ▁court ▁has ▁been ▁created ▁under ▁a ▁treat y ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁a ▁stated ▁area ▁of ▁juris diction . ▁ ▁Crim inal ▁codes ▁in ▁certain ▁countries ▁assert ▁juris diction ▁over ▁crimes ▁committed ▁outside ▁the ▁country : ▁▁ ▁in ▁France , ▁the ▁Code ▁p é nal ▁as serts ▁general ▁juris diction ▁over ▁crimes ▁by , ▁or ▁against , ▁the ▁country ' s ▁citizens , ▁no ▁matter ▁where ▁they ▁may ▁have ▁occurred ; ▁this ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁case ▁with ▁regard ▁to ▁those ▁who ▁became ▁French ▁citizens ▁after ▁the ▁act . ▁Double ▁criminal ity ▁is ▁required ▁except ▁in ▁the ▁cases ▁of ▁fel on ies ▁( cr imes ) ▁which ▁carry ▁cust od ial ▁sentences ▁of ▁ten ▁years ▁or ▁more . ▁ ▁in ▁Japan , ▁the ▁Pen al ▁Code ▁spec ifies |
▁certain ▁cases ▁and ▁applicable ▁lists ▁of ▁crimes ▁over ▁which ▁juris diction ▁will ▁be ▁assert ed . ▁ ▁Many ▁countries ▁have ▁implemented ▁laws ▁which ▁allow ▁their ▁nation als ▁to ▁be ▁prosecut ed ▁by ▁their ▁courts ▁for ▁crimes ▁such ▁as ▁war ▁crimes ▁and ▁gen oc ide ▁even ▁when ▁the ▁crime ▁is ▁committed ▁extr at err itor ially . ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁ ▁Rome ▁Stat ute ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Crim inal ▁Court ▁has ▁been ▁incorporated ▁into ▁domestic ▁law ▁in ▁many ▁countries ▁to ▁provide ▁for ▁the ▁International ▁Crim inal ▁Court ▁to ▁exercise ▁juris diction ▁within ▁their ▁borders . ▁ ▁San ctions ▁against ▁foreign ▁countries ▁Economic ▁san ctions ▁against ▁other ▁countries ▁may ▁be ▁institut ed ▁under ▁either ▁domestic ▁law ▁or ▁under ▁the ▁authority ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council , ▁and ▁their ▁sever ity ▁can ▁include ▁measures ▁against ▁foreign ▁persons ▁operating ▁outside ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁question . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁German ▁Ch ancell or ▁Angela ▁Mer kel ▁and ▁ ▁European ▁Union ▁President ▁Jean - Cl aude ▁Jun cker ▁critic ized ▁the ▁draft ▁of ▁new ▁U . S . ▁san ctions ▁against ▁Russia ▁target ing ▁the ▁EU – R ussia ▁energy ▁projects . ▁France ’ s ▁foreign ▁ministry ▁described ▁the ▁new ▁U . S . ▁san ctions ▁as ▁illegal ▁under ▁international ▁law ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁extra - ter rit orial ▁reach . ▁ ▁Compet ition ▁law ▁ ▁Ex tr at err itor ial ▁juris diction ▁plays ▁a ▁significant ▁role ▁in ▁regulation ▁of ▁trans n ational ▁anti - compet itive ▁practices . ▁In ▁the |
▁US , ▁extr at err itor ial ▁impacts ▁in ▁this ▁field ▁first ▁a rose ▁from ▁Standard ▁Oil ▁Co . ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey ▁v . ▁United ▁States , ▁where ▁Imperial ▁Oil ▁in ▁Canada ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁be ▁div ested ▁from ▁Standard ▁Oil . ▁Current ▁practice ▁dates ▁from ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁Al co a , ▁where ▁the ▁effects ▁doctrine ▁was ▁introduced , ▁allowing ▁for ▁juris diction ▁over ▁foreign ▁off enders ▁and ▁foreign ▁conduct , ▁so ▁long ▁as ▁the ▁economic ▁effects ▁of ▁the ▁ant ic om pet itive ▁conduct ▁are ▁experienced ▁on ▁the ▁domestic ▁market . ▁The ▁effects ▁doctrine ▁has ▁been ▁gradually ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁various ▁forms ▁accepted ▁in ▁other ▁juris dict ions . ▁In ▁the ▁EU ▁it ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁implementation ▁test . ▁ ▁Ex tr at err itor ial ▁juris diction ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁ant it rust ▁faces ▁various ▁limitations , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁access ing ▁foreign - based ▁evidence , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁difficulties ▁of ▁challenged ▁ant ic om pet itive ▁conduct ▁ar ising ▁from ▁foreign ▁state ▁involvement . ▁ ▁Application ▁in ▁specific ▁countries ▁ ▁Commonwealth ▁of ▁Nations ▁The ▁ability ▁of ▁par li aments ▁of ▁Commonwealth ▁countries ▁to ▁legisl ate ▁extr at err itor ially ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁s . ▁ 3 ▁of ▁the ▁Stat ute ▁of ▁West min ster ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁Australia , ▁extr at err itor ial ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁par li aments ▁was ▁authorized ▁by ▁s . 2 ▁of |
▁the ▁Australia ▁Act ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Canada ▁The ▁Crim inal ▁Code ▁as serts ▁juris diction ▁over ▁the ▁following ▁off ences ▁outside ▁Canada : ▁▁ ▁on ▁a ▁Canadian ▁aircraft ▁in ▁flight , ▁or ▁on ▁any ▁other ▁flight ▁which ▁term inates ▁in ▁Canada , ▁for ▁any ▁ind ict able ▁off ence ▁ ▁on ▁any ▁aircraft ▁or ▁in ▁any ▁airport ▁in ▁the ▁world , ▁for ▁end ang ering ▁such ▁facilities ▁ ▁by ▁a ▁Canadian ▁citizen , ▁permanent ▁resident , ▁or ▁stat eless ▁person ▁resident ▁in ▁Canada , ▁for ▁off ences ▁relating ▁to ▁cultural ▁property ▁protected ▁by ▁the ▁H ague ▁Convention ▁for ▁the ▁Protection ▁of ▁Cultural ▁Property ▁in ▁the ▁Event ▁of ▁Ar med ▁Conf lict ▁ ▁against ▁or ▁on ▁board ▁a ▁Canadian ▁ship ▁on ▁the ▁high ▁seas ▁or ▁a ▁fixed ▁platform ▁attached ▁to ▁the ▁contin ental ▁shelf ▁of ▁Canada , ▁or ▁by ▁or ▁against ▁a ▁Canadian ▁citizen ▁on ▁any ▁ship ▁or ▁fixed ▁platform , ▁or ▁by ▁any ▁person ▁who ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Canada ▁after ▁such ▁off ence ▁ ▁on ▁a ▁Canadian ▁ship ▁or ▁aircraft , ▁relating ▁to ▁ ▁host age ▁taking , ▁ ▁off ences ▁against ▁internation ally ▁protected ▁persons ▁or ▁United ▁Nations ▁personnel , ▁or ▁ ▁terror ism ▁financing ▁ ▁on ▁the ▁International ▁Space ▁Station ▁ ▁involving ▁nuclear ▁material ▁ ▁involving ▁terror ism ▁ ▁terrorist ▁activity ▁against ▁Canadian ▁citizens ▁or ▁Canadian ▁government ▁missions , ▁or ▁intended ▁to ▁comp el ▁the ▁Canadian ▁government , ▁or ▁any ▁provincial ▁government , ▁to ▁do ▁or ▁not ▁do ▁a ▁particular ▁act ▁ ▁relating ▁to ▁sexual ▁off ences |
▁against ▁children ▁ ▁Ireland ▁ ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁Under ▁Section ▁ 7 2 ▁of ▁the ▁Sex ual ▁Off ences ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁British ▁citizens ▁can ▁be ▁prosecut ed ▁for ▁sexual ▁off ences ▁committed ▁against ▁children ▁abroad . ▁Section ▁ 7 2 ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁conv ict ▁pa ed oph ile ▁Richard ▁H uck le ▁on ▁ 7 1 ▁counts ▁of ▁serious ▁sexual ▁off ences ▁against ▁children ▁in ▁Malaysia . ▁H uck le ▁was ▁sent enced ▁to ▁ 2 2 ▁life ▁sentences . ▁While ▁no ▁official ▁t ally ▁is ▁kept , ▁seven ▁people ▁are ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁convicted ▁under ▁Section ▁ 7 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁Fem ale ▁Gen ital ▁M util ation ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁assert ed ▁extr at err itor al ▁juris diction ▁to ▁close ▁the ▁lo oph ole ▁where by ▁girls ▁could ▁be ▁taken ▁outside ▁the ▁UK ▁to ▁under go ▁F GM ▁procedures . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Municipal ▁and ▁state ▁law ▁In ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁many ▁states ▁have ▁laws ▁or ▁even ▁constitutional ▁provisions ▁which ▁permit ▁cities ▁to ▁make ▁certain ▁decisions ▁about ▁the ▁land ▁beyond ▁the ▁town ' s ▁incorporated ▁limits . ▁▁ ▁Examples ▁of ▁states ▁which ▁allow ▁cities ▁to ▁claim ▁ET J ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁z oning ▁or ▁other ▁matters , ▁either ▁generally ▁or ▁prior ▁to ▁an nex ation , ▁are : ▁ ▁Alaska ▁ ▁Arkansas ▁ ▁Neb r aska , ▁ ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁and ▁ ▁Texas ▁ ▁In ▁California , ▁county ▁Local ▁Agency ▁Form ation ▁Comm issions ▁determine |
▁spher es ▁of ▁influence ▁that ▁cities ▁may ▁exercise ▁over ▁areas ▁outside ▁their ▁boundaries . ▁ ▁Federal ▁law ▁The ▁U . S . ▁Crim inal ▁Code ▁as serts ▁the ▁following ▁items ▁to ▁fall ▁within ▁the ▁special ▁mar itime ▁and ▁territor ial ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁much ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁extr at err itor ial ▁in ▁nature : ▁▁ ▁The ▁high ▁seas ▁and ▁any ▁other ▁waters ▁within ▁the ▁adm iral ty ▁and ▁mar itime ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁juris diction ▁of ▁any ▁particular ▁state , ▁including ▁any ▁vessels ▁owned ▁by ▁US ▁persons ▁that ▁are ▁travelling ▁on ▁them ▁ ▁Any ▁US ▁vessel ▁travelling ▁on ▁the ▁Great ▁L akes , ▁connecting ▁waters ▁or ▁the ▁Saint ▁Lawrence ▁River ▁( where ▁that ▁river ▁forms ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Canada – Un ited ▁States ▁border ) ▁ ▁Any ▁lands ▁reserved ▁or ▁acquired ▁for ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁under ▁the ▁exclusive ▁or ▁con current ▁juris diction ▁there of ▁ ▁Any ▁island ▁claimed ▁under ▁the ▁Gu ano ▁Islands ▁Act ▁ ▁Any ▁US ▁aircraft ▁flying ▁over ▁waters ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁manner ▁as ▁US ▁vessels ▁ ▁Any ▁US ▁space craft ▁when ▁in ▁flight ▁ ▁Any ▁place ▁outside ▁the ▁juris diction ▁of ▁any ▁nation ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁an ▁offense ▁by ▁or ▁against ▁a ▁national ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Any ▁foreign ▁vessel ▁during ▁a ▁voyage ▁having ▁a ▁scheduled ▁departure ▁from ▁or ▁arrival ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁an ▁offense ▁committed ▁by ▁or ▁against ▁a ▁national ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Off |
enses ▁committed ▁by ▁or ▁against ▁a ▁national ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁diplom atic ▁missions , ▁cons ulates , ▁military ▁and ▁other ▁missions , ▁together ▁with ▁related ▁resid ences , ▁outside ▁the ▁US ▁ ▁International ▁Parent al ▁Kid n apping ▁Crime ▁Act ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁private ▁military ▁contract ors ▁and ▁private ▁security ▁contract ors ▁being ▁used ▁by ▁U . S . ▁Government ▁agencies ▁overseas , ▁the ▁Military ▁Ex tr at err itor ial ▁Jur is diction ▁Act ▁was ▁passed ▁by ▁Congress ▁to ▁subject ▁them ▁to ▁a ▁similar ▁manner ▁of ▁juris diction . ▁ ▁Certain ▁federal ▁property ▁has ▁the ▁status ▁of ▁federal ▁en cl ave , ▁restrict ing ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁state ▁laws , ▁but ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁partially ▁rect ified ▁by ▁the ▁Ass imil ative ▁Cr imes ▁Act . ▁Similarly , ▁state ▁juris diction ▁is ▁restricted ▁on ▁Native ▁American ▁trib al ▁lands . ▁ ▁Gener ally , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁founding ▁f athers ▁and ▁early ▁courts ▁believed ▁that ▁American ▁laws ▁could ▁not ▁have ▁juris diction ▁over ▁sovere ign ▁countries . ▁In ▁a ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁case , ▁Justice ▁Oliver ▁Wend el ▁Holmes ▁introduced ▁what ▁came ▁to ▁be ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" pres um ption ▁against ▁extr at err itor ial ity ," ▁making ▁explicit ▁this ▁jud icial ▁preference ▁that ▁U . S . ▁laws ▁not ▁be ▁applied ▁to ▁other ▁countries . ▁American ▁thought ▁about ▁extr at err itor ial ity ▁has ▁changed ▁over ▁the ▁years , ▁however . ▁For ▁example , |
▁the ▁Al ien ▁T ort ▁Stat ute ▁of ▁ 1 7 8 9 ▁allows ▁foreign ▁citizens ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁bring ▁cases ▁before ▁federal ▁courts ▁against ▁foreign ▁defend ants ▁for ▁viol ations ▁of ▁the ▁" law ▁of ▁nations " ▁in ▁foreign ▁countries . ▁Although ▁this ▁stat ute ▁was ▁ignored ▁for ▁many ▁years , ▁U . S . ▁courts ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁have ▁interpreted ▁it ▁to ▁allow ▁foreign ers ▁to ▁seek ▁justice ▁in ▁cases ▁of ▁human - right s ▁viol ations ▁in ▁foreign ▁lands , ▁such ▁as ▁in ▁S osa ▁v . ▁Al vare z - M ach ain . ▁In ▁Mor r ison ▁v . ▁National ▁Australia ▁Bank , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁held ▁that ▁in ▁inter pre ting ▁a ▁stat ute , ▁the ▁" pres um ption ▁against ▁extr at err itor ial ity " ▁is ▁absolute ▁unless ▁the ▁text ▁of ▁the ▁stat ute ▁explicitly ▁says ▁otherwise . ▁ ▁Economic ▁law ▁Economic ▁san ctions ▁with ▁extr at err itor ial ▁impact ▁have ▁been ▁institut ed ▁under : ▁▁ ▁the ▁Tr ading ▁with ▁the ▁En emy ▁Act ▁( as ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁the ▁embargo ▁against ▁Cuba ) ▁ ▁the ▁Ar ms ▁Ex port ▁Control ▁Act ▁and ▁International ▁Tra ffic ▁in ▁Ar ms ▁Reg ulations ▁( in ▁governing ▁the ▁re - export ▁of ▁subject ▁goods ▁and ▁technologies ▁after ▁initial ▁export ▁from ▁the ▁US ) ▁ ▁the ▁International ▁Emer gency ▁Economic ▁Pow ers ▁Act ▁( especially ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁san ctions ▁against |
▁Iran ) ▁ ▁the ▁Coun ter ing ▁America ' s ▁Ad vers aries ▁Through ▁San ctions ▁Act ▁▁ ▁Unlike ▁most ▁nations , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁also ▁attempts ▁extr at err itor ial ▁application ▁of ▁U . S . ▁personal ▁tax ▁laws . ▁ ▁The ▁Foreign ▁Account ▁Tax ▁Com pl iance ▁Act ▁is ▁an ▁extension ▁of ▁this ▁concept , ▁which ▁focuses ▁on ▁enforcement . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Free - tr ade ▁zone ▁ ▁Ex tr at err itor ial ity ▁ ▁International ▁child ▁ab du ction ▁ ▁Tax ation ▁of ▁non ▁resident ▁Americans ▁ ▁Foreign ▁Account ▁Tax ▁Com pl iance ▁Act ▁( U . S . ▁law ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Extra - ter rit orial ▁juris diction ▁of ▁E CH R ▁states ▁- ▁fact sheet ▁of ▁EC t HR ▁case ▁law ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁Law s ▁Against ▁Gen oc ide ▁- ▁a ▁comprehensive ▁list ▁of ▁municipal ▁laws ▁criminal ising ▁gen oc ide . ▁Many ▁of ▁them ▁include ▁cl auses ▁to ▁allow ▁extr at err itor ial ▁juris diction . ▁ ▁Category : Intern ational ▁law ▁Category : Local ▁government <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁practice ▁of ▁dent istry ▁in ▁Canada ▁is ▁over seen ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁D ental ▁Ex am ining ▁Board ▁of ▁Canada ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁other ▁agencies , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Commission ▁on ▁D ental ▁Acc red itation ▁of ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁D ent ists ▁of ▁Canada . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁there ▁were ▁ 2 1 , 1 0 9 |
▁dent ists ▁in ▁Canada ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Canadian ▁D ental ▁Association . ▁ ▁Lic ensure ▁ ▁D ent istry ▁is ▁a ▁reg ulated ▁profession ▁in ▁Canada . ▁▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁practice ▁dent istry , ▁a ▁dent ist ▁must ▁obtain ▁a ▁license ▁or ▁permit ▁from ▁the ▁province ▁or ▁territory ▁they ▁wish ▁to ▁practice ▁in . ▁The ▁main ▁requirement ▁to ▁obtain ▁lic ensure ▁in ▁all ▁Canadian ▁provin ces ▁and ▁territor ies ▁is ▁passing ▁the ▁National ▁D ental ▁Ex amination ▁Board ▁exam s . ▁ ▁Several ▁provin ces ▁require ▁applic ants ▁to ▁complete ▁a ▁jur isp rud ence ▁and ▁eth ics ▁examination ▁which ▁tests ▁knowledge ▁related ▁to ▁local ▁laws , ▁eth ics , ▁and ▁regulation ▁of ▁the ▁profession . ▁ ▁N DE B ▁examination ▁▁ ▁C andid ates ▁seeking ▁to ▁practice ▁dent istry ▁in ▁Canada ▁must ▁successfully ▁complete ▁a ▁two - part ▁examination ▁administer ed ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁D ental ▁Ex am ining ▁Board ▁of ▁Canada ▁( N DE B ). ▁D ental ▁students ▁at ▁acc red ited ▁Canadian ▁and ▁American ▁dental ▁schools ▁are ▁permitted ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁examination ▁no ▁earlier ▁than ▁ 3 ▁months ▁prior ▁to ▁gradu ation , ▁which ▁usually ▁means ▁the ▁March ▁of ▁their ▁gradu ating ▁year . ▁Upon ▁successful ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁exam , ▁the ▁N DE B ▁issues ▁a ▁certificate ▁to ▁the ▁candidate . ▁ ▁To ▁be ▁eligible ▁to ▁write ▁the ▁N DE B ▁exam , ▁candidates ▁must ▁have : ▁ ▁Grad uated ▁from ▁an ▁acc red ited ▁dental ▁school ▁in ▁Canada , ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Australia ▁( since |
▁ 2 0 1 1 ), ▁New ▁Zealand ▁( since ▁ 2 0 1 1 ), ▁or ▁Ireland ▁( since ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁or ▁ ▁Pass ed ▁the ▁equival ency ▁process ▁for ▁gradu ates ▁of ▁other ▁dental ▁schools ▁( fore ign ▁trained ▁dent ists ). ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁( adv anced ▁standing ) ▁programs ▁and ▁the ▁equival ency ▁process ▁for ▁foreign - trained ▁dent ists ▁Foreign - trained ▁dent ists ▁can ▁obtain ▁a ▁D MD ▁or ▁D DS ▁from ▁an ▁acc red ited ▁dental ▁school ▁in ▁Canada ▁or ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁by ▁en rolling ▁in ▁a ▁qual ifying ▁or ▁advanced ▁standing ▁program . ▁Typ ically , ▁the ▁program ▁would ▁consist ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁two ▁to ▁three ▁years ▁of ▁a ▁typical ▁dental ▁program . ▁ ▁The ▁dental ▁schools ▁that ▁offer ▁these ▁programs ▁in ▁Canada ▁are : ▁Dal h ous ie ▁University ▁University ▁of ▁Alber ta ▁University ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ▁University ▁of ▁Toronto ▁University ▁of ▁Man it oba ▁University ▁of ▁Western ▁Ontario ▁McG ill ▁University ▁Univers ité ▁de ▁Mon tr éal ▁University ▁of ▁S ask at che wan ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁equival ency ▁process ▁for ▁foreign ▁trained ▁dent ists ▁was ▁launched . ▁ ▁The ▁process ▁consists ▁of ▁three ▁exam s : ▁ ▁Ass essment ▁of ▁fundamental ▁knowledge ▁written ▁exam . ▁ ▁Ass essment ▁of ▁clinical ▁skills ▁exam : ▁a ▁practical ▁exam ▁on ▁typ od ont s ▁and ▁man ik ins . ▁ ▁Ass essment ▁of ▁clinical ▁judg ement ▁written ▁exam . ▁The ▁alternative ▁route ▁of |
▁going ▁through ▁a ▁qual ifying ▁program ▁or ▁advanced ▁standing ▁program ▁still ▁exists . ▁ ▁When ▁it ▁first ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁only ▁ 4 4 ▁candidates ▁passed ▁the ▁equival ency ▁process . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁over ▁ 2 6 0 ▁candidates ▁passed ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁that ▁number ▁rose ▁to ▁ 3 0 7 ▁candidates . ▁These ▁numbers ▁are ▁expected ▁to ▁keep ▁going ▁up ▁as ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁candidates ▁challenging ▁the ▁exam s ▁has ▁been ▁rising ▁stead ily ▁year ▁after ▁year . ▁ ▁Over ▁sat uration ▁of ▁dent ists ▁in ▁Canada ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Canadian ▁D ental ▁Association , ▁the ▁population - to - d ent ist ▁ratio ▁has ▁been ▁dropping ▁in ▁all ▁provin ces ▁and ▁territor ies . ▁This ▁dent ist ▁gl ut ▁is ▁resulting ▁in ▁growing ▁competition ▁and ▁tough ▁times ▁for ▁dent ists ▁especially ▁in ▁urban ▁cent res ▁like ▁Toronto . ▁ ▁D ental ▁G roups ▁in ▁Canada ▁ ▁dental cor p ▁is ▁Canada ’ s ▁largest ▁network ▁of ▁dental ▁clin ics . ▁It ▁started ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁has ▁grown ▁to ▁over ▁ 4 5 0 ▁locations ▁serving ▁ 2 ▁million ▁Canad ians ▁. ▁Alt ima ▁D ental ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁and ▁has ▁over ▁ 3 0 ▁dental ▁offices . ▁ ▁Other ▁dental ▁groups ▁include ▁ 1 2 3 d ent ist ▁, D ental ▁Choice ▁ ▁and ▁tooth ▁corner ▁D ental . ▁ ▁A chie ve ments ▁The ▁first |
▁woman ▁to ▁be ▁licensed ▁as ▁a ▁dent ist ▁in ▁Canada ▁was ▁Emma ▁G aud re au ▁Cas gr ain ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 8 . ▁She ▁was ▁trained ▁by ▁her ▁husband , ▁dental ▁sur geon ▁Henri - Ed mond ▁Cas gr ain , ▁an ▁innov ator ▁in ▁dent istry . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁National ▁D ental ▁Ex am ining ▁Board ▁of ▁Canada ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁D ent ists ▁of ▁Canada ▁Canadian ▁D ental ▁Association ▁Association ▁of ▁Canadian ▁Fac ult ies ▁of ▁D ent istry ▁http :// l amb t ond ent ist . com / index . php / s arn ia - d ent ists / <0x0A> </s> ▁Frank ▁Row ley ▁F ICE ▁( 4 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁civil ▁engineer . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁West ▁Hart le pool ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁England . ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁P ais ley ▁Gram mar ▁School , ▁then ▁a ▁state ▁select ive ▁school . ▁ ▁Career ▁He ▁left ▁school ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁and ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁app rent ice ▁civil ▁engineer ▁with ▁Ren f rew ▁County ▁Council , ▁whilst ▁attending ▁night ▁school . ▁On ▁completion ▁of ▁his ▁app rent ices hip ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁Living ston ▁Development ▁Corporation , ▁becoming ▁a ▁senior ▁civil ▁engineer . ▁ ▁Motor way ▁br idges ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s |
▁he ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁motor way ▁construction ▁programme ▁in ▁South ▁East ▁England , ▁being ▁senior ▁bridge ▁engineer ▁on ▁the ▁M 3 ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁on ▁over ▁ 6 0 ▁br idges ▁as ▁far ▁west ▁as ▁jun ction ▁ 8 . ▁He ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁Sur rey . ▁▁ ▁He ▁designed ▁the ▁M 1 8 0 ▁motor way ▁balanced ▁cant ile ver ▁bridge ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁T rent ▁in ▁Hum bers ide ▁( now ▁North ▁Lincoln shire ). ▁ ▁He ▁led ▁the ▁design ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁G ade ▁Valley ▁Vi ad uct ▁of ▁the ▁M 2 5 , ▁north ▁of ▁jun ction ▁ 2 0 ▁of ▁the ▁M 2 5 ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁G ade ▁and ▁West ▁Coast ▁Main ▁Line , ▁west ▁of ▁Abb ots ▁Lang ley . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 - span ▁D orn och ▁F irth ▁Bridge ▁carrying ▁the ▁A 9 ▁over ▁the ▁D orn och ▁F irth . ▁The ▁D orn och ▁F irth ▁Bridge ▁won ▁a ▁Salt ire ▁Award . ▁ ▁He ▁later ▁designed ▁the ▁Ce iri og ▁Vi ad uct ▁carrying ▁the ▁A 5 ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁Ce iri og . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 4 - 9 6 ▁he ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁Mar sh ▁M ills ▁Vi ad uct ▁of ▁the ▁A 3 8 ▁in ▁P ly m pton . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Inst itution ▁of ▁Civil ▁Engine ers . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Ch arter ed ▁Institute ▁of ▁Ar bitr |
ators . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁He ▁married ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁son . ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁Edinburgh ▁W ander ers ▁R FC ▁rugby ▁team , ▁later ▁ref eree ing ▁matches ▁into ▁his ▁f ift ies . ▁He ▁lived ▁in ▁Cr an le igh ▁in ▁the ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁W aver ley . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁G uild ford ▁in ▁west ▁Sur rey . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Times ▁O bit uary , ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Sc ots man ▁O bit uary ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁P ais ley ▁Gram mar ▁School ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Cr an le igh ▁Category : People ▁from ▁West ▁Hart le pool ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁civil ▁engineers ▁Category : Vi ad uct ▁engineers <0x0A> </s> ▁Ru air í ▁ Ó ▁G ad h ra , ▁King ▁of ▁S li ab h ▁L ugh a , ▁died ▁ 1 2 0 6 . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Ann als ▁of ▁the ▁Four ▁Masters ▁appear ▁to ▁contain ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁reference ▁to ▁Ru air í , ▁reporting ▁that ▁R ory ▁O ' G ara , ▁Lord ▁of ▁S li ab h ▁L ugh a , ▁died ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 2 0 6 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁http :// www . ucc . ie / c elt / published / T 1 0 |
0 0 1 0 A / index . html ▁ ▁Category : People ▁from ▁County ▁May o ▁Category : 1 2 th - century ▁Irish ▁mon arch s <0x0A> </s> ▁Otto ▁Poll ak ▁( 3 0 ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁– ▁ 1 8 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁writer ▁and ▁a ▁professor ▁of ▁Soci ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania . ▁ ▁His ▁most ▁controversial ▁and ▁famous ▁book ▁was ▁The ▁Crim inal ity ▁of ▁Women ▁( 1 9 5 0 ), ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁suggested ▁that ▁women ▁commit ▁just ▁as ▁much ▁crime ▁as ▁men , ▁but ▁that ▁their ▁crime ▁is ▁more ▁easily ▁hidden . ▁Poll ak ▁further ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁criminal ▁justice ▁system ▁was ▁bi ased ▁by ▁pre con ceptions ▁about ▁women ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁conv ict ▁or ▁sentence ▁women ▁as ▁harsh ly ▁as ▁men . ▁ ▁His ▁emp irical ▁work ▁has ▁provided ▁a ▁starting ▁point ▁for ▁crim in ology ▁on ▁women . ▁ ▁His ▁work ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁political ▁deb ates , ▁as ▁some ▁ant if em in ist ▁or ▁mascul ist ▁groups ▁have ▁appropri ated ▁his ▁work . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Fem ales ▁and ▁Crime ▁ ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁faculty ▁Category : C rim in ologists ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁deaths <0x0A> </s> ▁USS ▁Court ney ▁( DE - 1 0 2 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy , ▁in ▁service ▁from ▁ 1 9 |
5 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Service ▁history ▁Court ney ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁Marine ▁Major ▁Henry ▁A . ▁Court ney , ▁Jr . ▁( 1 9 1 6 – 1 9 4 5 ), ▁who ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁post hum ously ▁for ▁his ▁hero ism ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ok in awa . ▁She ▁was ▁launched ▁ 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁by ▁Def oe ▁Ship building ▁Company , ▁Bay ▁City , ▁Mich ., ▁sponsored ▁by ▁Mrs . ▁H . A . ▁Court ney ; ▁commissioned ▁ 2 4 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁Lieutenant ▁Commander ▁C . W . ▁Co e ▁in ▁command ; ▁and ▁reported ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Atlantic ▁Fleet . ▁▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁Join ing ▁Esc ort ▁Squadron ▁ 1 0 ▁( C ort R on ▁ 1 0 ) ▁at ▁Naval ▁Station ▁New port , ▁Rh ode ▁Island , ▁ 2 6 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁Court ney ▁operated ▁from ▁that ▁port ▁exerc ising ▁in ▁ant is ub mar ine ▁war fare ▁and ▁Con v oy ▁escort ▁techniques ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁West ▁Ind ies ▁until ▁ 3 ▁September . ▁She ▁arrived ▁at ▁Mil ford ▁Haven , ▁Wales , ▁ 1 4 ▁September ▁for ▁man eu vers ▁with ▁ships ▁of ▁other ▁NAT O ▁nav ies ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁Sea , ▁visiting ▁P ly mouth , ▁England , ▁and ▁B rest , ▁France , ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁New port ▁ 2 1 |
▁October ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁to ▁resume ▁local ▁operations . ▁She ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁hun ter - k iller ▁exercises ▁off ▁North ▁Carolina ▁and ▁in ▁conv oy ▁exercises ▁extending ▁into ▁the ▁waters ▁off ▁Florida . ▁▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Court ney ▁s ailed ▁from ▁New port ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁and ▁called ▁at ▁Re yk jav í k , ▁I cel and , ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁Bod ø , ▁Norway , ▁to ▁conduct ▁exercises ▁with ▁ships ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Norweg ian ▁Navy . ▁She ▁put ▁into ▁Ant werp , ▁Belgium , ▁and ▁NS ▁Argent ia , ▁New found land , ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁New port ▁ 1 4 ▁May . ▁ ▁From ▁ 7 ▁August ▁to ▁ 3 0 ▁September ▁she ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁Operation ▁Arg us , ▁conducting ▁nuclear ▁tests ▁in ▁the ▁high ▁atmosphere ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Navy ▁Task ▁Force ▁ 8 8 . ▁After ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁tests , ▁she ▁cru ised ▁to ▁Rio ▁de ▁Jane iro , ▁Brazil , ▁from ▁ 1 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 ▁September . ▁Again ▁cru ising ▁to ▁South ▁American ▁waters ▁from ▁February ▁through ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁she ▁called ▁at ▁ports ▁in ▁Colombia , ▁E cu ador , ▁Peru , ▁and ▁Chile , ▁and ▁exerc ised ▁with ▁ships ▁of ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁and ▁Per uv ian ▁nav ies . ▁ ▁NAT O ▁exercises ▁in ▁August ▁and ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁found ▁her ▁calling ▁in ▁New found |
land , ▁Northern ▁Ireland , ▁England , ▁and ▁Portugal . ▁Through ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁she ▁cru ised ▁along ▁the ▁east ▁coast ▁on ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁exercises , ▁including ▁an ▁am ph ib ious ▁operation ▁with ▁Mar ines ▁on ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁ ▁From ▁August ▁through ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁Court ney ▁participated ▁in ▁Operation ▁" Unit as ", ▁the ▁combined ▁ant is ub mar ine ▁training ▁cruise ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁nations . ▁▁ ▁[ 1 9 6 0 - 1 9 7 3 ] ▁ ▁Court ney ▁was ▁str icken ▁from ▁the ▁Naval ▁V ess el ▁Register ▁ 1 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁She ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁scr apping ▁ 1 7 ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁nav source . org : ▁USS ▁Court ney ▁▁▁ ▁haz eg ray . org : ▁USS ▁Court ney ▁ ▁USS ▁Court ney ▁website ▁ ▁Category : De ale y - class ▁destroy er ▁esc orts ▁Category : Ship s ▁built ▁in ▁Bay ▁City , ▁Michigan ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁ships ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Navy ▁Minnesota - related ▁ships <0x0A> </s> ▁Col ts foot ▁is ▁the ▁common ▁name ▁for ▁several ▁plants ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁A ster aceae : ▁▁ ▁Hom ogy ne ▁al p ina , ▁a ▁plant ▁species ▁native ▁to ▁Europe ▁ ▁Pet as ites , ▁a ▁plant ▁genus ▁native ▁to ▁Europe , ▁Asia , |
▁and ▁North ▁America ▁ ▁T uss il ago ▁far f ara , ▁a ▁plant ▁species ▁native ▁to ▁Europe ▁and ▁parts ▁of ▁Asia ▁and ▁Africa ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Butter bur ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Col ts foot ▁Green , ▁a ▁small ▁ham let ▁in ▁S uff olk , ▁England ▁ ▁Col ts foot ▁Rock , ▁a ▁con fection ery ▁product <0x0A> </s> ▁R ough ▁Range ▁is ▁a ▁location ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁where ▁oil ▁was ▁discovered ▁during ▁an ▁exploration ▁dr illing ▁programme ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁ ▁West ▁Australian ▁Pet role um ▁( WA PE T ) ▁dr illed ▁its ▁first ▁well ▁at ▁R ough ▁Range ▁near ▁North ▁West ▁Cape ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁This ▁well ▁produced ▁at ▁a ▁rate ▁of ▁, ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁working ▁well ▁of ▁Australia ' s ▁commercial ▁pet role um ▁industry . ▁Despite ▁being ▁abandoned ▁as ▁non - com mercial ▁in ▁the ▁mid ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁consideration ▁was ▁given ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁to ▁re - work ▁the ▁find . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : Pet role um ▁industry ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : N orth ▁West ▁Western ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁( in ▁case ▁cit ations , ▁S . D . ▁F la . ▁or ▁S . D . ▁Fl .) ▁is ▁the ▁federal ▁United ▁States ▁district ▁court ▁with ▁territor ial ▁juris diction ▁over ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁of |
▁Florida . ▁ ▁Appe als ▁from ▁cases ▁brought ▁in ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁are ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe als ▁for ▁the ▁Ele vent h ▁Circ uit ▁( except ▁for ▁patent ▁claims ▁and ▁claims ▁against ▁the ▁U . S . ▁government ▁under ▁the ▁T ucker ▁Act , ▁which ▁are ▁appe aled ▁to ▁the ▁Federal ▁Circ uit ). ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁On ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁that ▁Florida ▁was ▁admitted ▁as ▁a ▁state , ▁March ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 8 4 5 , ▁Congress ▁en act ed ▁legislation ▁creating ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Florida , ▁. ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 4 7 , ▁this ▁District ▁was ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁Northern ▁and ▁Southern ▁District s , ▁by ▁. ▁The ▁stat ute ▁effect ing ▁this ▁division ▁set ▁forth ▁the ▁boundaries ▁of ▁the ▁District s : ▁ ▁[ T ] hat ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Florida ▁lying ▁south ▁of ▁a ▁line ▁drawn ▁due ▁east ▁and ▁west ▁from ▁the ▁northern ▁point ▁of ▁Charlotte ▁Harbor , ▁including ▁the ▁islands , ▁keys , ▁re ef s , ▁sh o als , ▁har b ors , ▁b ays ▁and ▁in lets , ▁south ▁of ▁said ▁line , ▁shall ▁be ▁ere cted ▁into ▁a ▁new ▁jud icial ▁district , ▁to ▁be ▁called ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ; ▁a ▁District ▁Court ▁shall ▁be ▁held ▁in ▁said ▁Southern ▁District , ▁to ▁consist ▁of ▁one ▁judge , ▁who ▁shall ▁res ide ▁at ▁Key ▁West , ▁in ▁said ▁district ... |
▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁was ▁created ▁from ▁portions ▁of ▁these ▁districts ▁by ▁. ▁ ▁This ▁federal ▁district ▁has ▁the ▁dub ious ▁distinction ▁of ▁having ▁had ▁more ▁judges ▁removed ▁through ▁im pe achment ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁district , ▁with ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁two , ▁one - third ▁of ▁all ▁federal ▁district ▁judges ▁so ▁removed . ▁ ▁F amous ▁cases ▁that ▁have ▁been ▁heard ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁include ▁Bush ▁v . ▁G ore , ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁Nor ie ga ▁( the ▁prosecut ion ▁of ▁former ▁Pan aman ian ▁military ▁leader ▁Manuel ▁Nor ie ga ), ▁Gon zá lez ▁v . ▁Ren o ▁( the ▁Eli án ▁Gon zá lez ▁case ), ▁not orious ▁P on zi ▁sche mer ▁Scott ▁Roth stein , ▁and ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁José ▁Pad illa ▁( the ▁prosecut ion ▁of ▁José ▁Pad illa ). ▁ ▁Jur is diction ▁▁ ▁The ▁court ' s ▁juris diction ▁compris es ▁the ▁nine ▁count ies ▁of ▁Brow ard , ▁High lands , ▁Indian ▁River , ▁Martin , ▁Miami - D ade , ▁Mon roe , ▁O ke ech ob ee , ▁Palm ▁Beach , ▁and ▁St . ▁Luc ie . ▁The ▁district ▁includes ▁the ▁South ▁Florida ▁met ropolitan ▁area ▁of ▁Miami , ▁Fort ▁La ud erd ale , ▁and ▁West ▁Palm ▁Beach . ▁It ▁compris es ▁ ▁and ▁approximately ▁ 6 . 3 ▁million ▁people . ▁Cour th ouses , ▁corresponding ▁to ▁the ▁five ▁divisions ▁of ▁the ▁district , ▁are |
▁located ▁in ▁Fort ▁La ud erd ale , ▁Fort ▁Pier ce , ▁Key ▁West , ▁Miami , ▁and ▁West ▁Palm ▁Beach . ▁The ▁court ' s ▁offices ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁Miami . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Attorney ▁and ▁United ▁States ▁Marshal ▁▁ ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Attorney ▁for ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁represents ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁civil ▁and ▁criminal ▁lit igation ▁in ▁the ▁court . ▁The ▁current ▁United ▁States ▁Attorney ▁for ▁the ▁district ▁is ▁Ari ana ▁F aj ardo ▁Or sh an . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁G ady aces ▁S . ▁S err al ta ▁was ▁confirmed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Marshal . ▁ ▁Current ▁judges ▁ ▁: ▁ ▁V ac ancies ▁and ▁pending ▁nom inations ▁ ▁Former ▁judges ▁ ▁Chief ▁judges ▁ ▁Success ion ▁of ▁seats ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Cour ts ▁of ▁Florida ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁current ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Jud ges ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁federal ▁cour th ouses ▁in ▁Florida ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe als ▁for ▁the ▁Ele vent h ▁Circ uit ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Northern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁Blog ▁– ▁By ▁attorney ▁David ▁Mark us ▁ ▁Florida , ▁Southern ▁District ▁Category : Fl or ida ▁law ▁Category : M iami ▁Category : 1 8 |
4 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : C our th ouses ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : F ort ▁La ud erd ale , ▁Florida ▁Category : West ▁Palm ▁Beach , ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁L t . ▁Gen . ▁Douglas ▁Edward ▁L ute ▁( born ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁U . S . ▁public ▁servant ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁P erman ent ▁Represent ative ▁to ▁NAT O ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁post ▁by ▁President ▁Obama ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁assumed ▁his ▁position ▁on ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁L ute ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁lieutenant ▁general . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁L ute ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁Assistant ▁to ▁the ▁President ▁and ▁Deputy ▁National ▁Security ▁Ad visor ▁for ▁Iraq ▁and ▁Afghanistan . ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁referred ▁to ▁him ▁as ▁the ▁" War ▁Cz ar ", ▁since ▁he ▁occupied ▁a ▁senior ▁advis ory ▁position ▁responsible ▁for ▁over see ing ▁the ▁wars ▁in ▁Iraq ▁and ▁Afghanistan . ▁He ▁was ▁asked ▁to ▁stay ▁on ▁by ▁new ▁President ▁Bar ack ▁Obama ▁as ▁Obama ' s ▁Special ▁Assistant ▁and ▁Senior ▁Coord inator ▁for ▁Afghanistan ▁and ▁Pakistan . ▁After ▁leaving ▁active ▁duty ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁L ute |
▁remained ▁in ▁his ▁position ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Security ▁Staff . ▁He ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Jane ▁Holl ▁L ute , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁Deputy ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Hom eland ▁Security ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Education ▁L ute ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Michigan ▁City , ▁Indiana , ▁on ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁at ▁West ▁Point ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁His ▁first ▁assignment ▁was ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Arm ored ▁C aval ry ▁Regiment ▁in ▁B ind l ach , ▁Germany , ▁where ▁he ▁commanded ▁C T ro op . ▁He ▁earned ▁a ▁M PA ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁Kennedy ▁School ▁of ▁Government ▁of ▁Harvard ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁taught ▁in ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Social ▁Science ▁at ▁West ▁Point . ▁ ▁Second ▁C aval ry ▁Following ▁attendance ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁Staff ▁College , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Arm ored ▁C aval ry ▁Regiment ▁as ▁operations ▁officer , ▁serving ▁both ▁at ▁the ▁squad ron ▁and ▁reg imental ▁levels . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 – 9 1 ▁he ▁deployed ▁and ▁fought ▁with ▁the ▁reg iment ▁in ▁Operation ▁Des ert ▁Storm , ▁and ▁later ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁staff ▁of ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁Staff ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army . ▁ ▁Adv ance ment ▁L ute ▁commanded ▁ 1 st ▁Squadron , ▁ 7 th ▁C aval ry ▁at ▁Fort ▁H ood , |
▁Texas , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 – 9 4 . ▁He ▁then ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁J oint ▁Staff ▁in ▁the ▁J - 5 ▁Director ate ▁for ▁Strateg ic ▁Pl ans ▁and ▁Policy , ▁and ▁held ▁a ▁War ▁College ▁Fellow ship ▁at ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Council ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁he ▁commanded ▁the ▁Second ▁C aval ry ▁Regiment , ▁part ▁of ▁XVIII ▁Air borne ▁Corps , ▁at ▁Fort ▁Pol k , ▁Louisiana . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁brig ad ier ▁general . ▁He ▁served ▁next ▁as ▁the ▁executive ▁assistant ▁to ▁the ▁Chairman ▁of ▁the ▁J oint ▁Ch iefs ▁of ▁Staff ▁for ▁ 1 4 ▁months ▁before ▁joining ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁in ▁Schwe inf urt , ▁Germany , ▁as ▁the ▁Assistant ▁Division ▁Commander ▁( Support ). ▁He ▁commanded ▁Mult in ational ▁Brigade ▁East ▁in ▁Kos ovo ▁for ▁six ▁months ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁before ▁being ▁assigned ▁to ▁United ▁States ▁European ▁Command ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁as ▁the ▁Deputy ▁Director ▁of ▁Operations . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁L ute ▁began ▁more ▁than ▁two ▁years ▁as ▁Director ▁of ▁Operations ▁( J - 3 ) ▁at ▁United ▁States ▁Central ▁Command ▁( US C ENT COM ), ▁during ▁which ▁he ▁overs aw ▁combat ▁operations ▁in ▁Iraq ▁and ▁Afghanistan ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁Central ▁Asia , ▁and |
▁the ▁Horn ▁of ▁Africa . ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁major ▁general ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁lieutenant ▁general ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁He ▁assumed ▁the ▁duties ▁of ▁Director ▁of ▁Operations , ▁the ▁J oint ▁Staff , ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁National ▁Security ▁Council ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Senate ▁confirmed ▁L ute ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁the ▁Deputy ▁National ▁Security ▁Ad visor . ▁ ▁He ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁position ▁after ▁his ▁retirement ▁from ▁active ▁duty ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁L ute ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁should ▁" cons ider " ▁re inst ating ▁the ▁military ▁draft ▁to ▁relie ve ▁the ▁" st ressed " ▁volunteer ▁service ▁from ▁multiple ▁tours ▁of ▁duty . ▁This ▁was ▁immediately ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁comment ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁major ▁policy ▁shift ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁see ▁a ▁current ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁draft . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁decor ations ▁During ▁his ▁military ▁career ▁he ▁received : ▁ ▁Defense ▁Super ior ▁Service ▁Medal ▁( with ▁ 3 ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl usters ) ▁ ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Mer it ▁( with ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl uster ) ▁ ▁Bron ze ▁Star ▁Medal ▁ ▁Defense ▁Mer itor ious ▁Service ▁Medal ▁ ▁Mer itor ious ▁Service ▁Medal ▁( with ▁ 4 ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl usters ) ▁ ▁J |
oint ▁Service ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal ▁ ▁Army ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal ▁( with ▁ 2 ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl usters ) ▁ ▁Army ▁A chie vement ▁Medal ▁ ▁Par ach ut ist ▁Bad ge ▁▁ ▁R anger ▁Tab ▁ ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Defense ▁Ident ification ▁Bad ge ▁ ▁J oint ▁Ch iefs ▁of ▁Staff ▁Ident ification ▁Bad ge ▁ ▁Army ▁Staff ▁Ident ification ▁Bad ge ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Text ▁adapted ▁from ▁public ▁domain ▁J oint ▁Ch iefs ▁of ▁Staff ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Douglas ▁L ute ▁at ▁Source Watch ▁ ▁Category : P erman ent ▁Represent atives ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁NAT O ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁gener als ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁al umn i ▁Category : John ▁F . ▁Kennedy ▁School ▁of ▁Government ▁al umn i ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Michigan ▁City , ▁Indiana ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Rec ip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Mer it ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : Ge orge ▁W . ▁Bush ▁administration ▁personnel ▁Category : Ob ama ▁administration ▁personnel <0x0A> </s> ▁J ov ian ▁H ed iger ▁( born ▁December ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁in ▁Rein ach , ▁A arg au ) ▁is ▁a ▁Swiss ▁cross - country ▁sk ier . ▁ ▁H ed iger ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁for ▁Switzerland . ▁He ▁placed ▁ 4 7 th ▁in ▁the ▁qual ifying |
▁round ▁in ▁the ▁sprint , ▁failing ▁to ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁knock out ▁stages . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁his ▁best ▁showing ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Championships ▁was ▁ 2 5 th ▁through ▁the ▁classical ▁sprint ▁event ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁H ed iger ▁made ▁his ▁World ▁Cup ▁debut ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁As ▁of ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁his ▁best ▁finish ▁is ▁a ▁ 6 th , ▁in ▁a ▁fre estyle ▁sprint ▁event ▁at ▁Tob l ach ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 . ▁His ▁best ▁World ▁Cup ▁overall ▁finish ▁is ▁ 6 8 th , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 - 1 4 . ▁His ▁best ▁World ▁Cup ▁finish ▁in ▁a ▁discipline ▁is ▁ 2 9 th , ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 - 1 4 ▁sprint . ▁ ▁Olympic ▁results ▁ ▁World ▁Championship ▁results ▁ ▁World ▁Cup ▁results ▁All ▁results ▁are ▁sour ced ▁from ▁the ▁International ▁S ki ▁Federation ▁( F IS ). ▁ ▁World ▁Cup ▁stand ings ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁K ul m ▁District ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁cross - country ▁sk iers ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁Category : Cross - country ▁sk iers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁Category : Cross - country ▁sk iers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 |
▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁Category : Sw iss ▁male ▁cross - country ▁sk iers <0x0A> </s> ▁Th y ro x ine ▁ 5 - de iod in ase ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁type ▁III ▁i od othy ron ine ▁de iod in ase ▁( EC ▁number ▁ 1 . 2 1 . 9 9 . 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁en zym e ▁that ▁in ▁humans ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁D IO 3 ▁gene . ▁This ▁en zym e ▁catal ys es ▁the ▁following ▁chemical ▁reaction ▁▁▁ 3 , 3 ', 5 ' - tri iod o - L - thy ron ine ▁+ ▁i od ide ▁+ ▁A ▁+ ▁H + ▁ ▁L - thy ro x ine ▁+ ▁A H 2 ▁ ▁The ▁protein ▁encoded ▁by ▁this ▁intr on less ▁gene ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁i od othy ron ine ▁de iod in ase ▁family . ▁It ▁catal y zes ▁the ▁in activ ation ▁of ▁thy roid ▁horm one ▁by ▁inner ▁ring ▁de iod ination ▁of ▁the ▁pro h orm one ▁thy ro x ine ▁( T 4 ) ▁and ▁the ▁bio active ▁horm one ▁ 3 , 3 ', 5 - tri iod othy ron ine ▁( T 3 ) ▁to ▁in active ▁met abol ites , ▁ 3 , 3 ', 5 ' - tri iod othy ron ine ▁( RT 3 ) ▁and ▁ 3 , 3 ' - di iod othy ron ine ▁( T 2 ), ▁respectively . ▁This ▁en zym e ▁is ▁highly ▁expressed ▁in ▁the ▁pregnant ▁ut er us |
, ▁plac enta , ▁fet al ▁and ▁ne on atal ▁t issues , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁it ▁plays ▁an ▁essential ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁regulation ▁of ▁thy roid ▁horm one ▁in activ ation ▁during ▁emb ry ological ▁development . ▁ ▁Dis covery ▁▁ ▁The ▁gene ▁was ▁mapped ▁to ▁chrom os ome ▁ 1 4 q 3 2 ▁using ▁flu ores c ence ▁in ▁situ ▁hybrid ization ▁( F ISH ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁▁ ▁This ▁protein ▁contains ▁a ▁sel en oc yst e ine ▁( Sec ) ▁resid ue , ▁which ▁is ▁essential ▁for ▁efficient ▁en zym e ▁activity . ▁The ▁sel en oc yst e ine ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁U GA ▁cod on , ▁which ▁normally ▁signals ▁translation ▁term ination . ▁The ▁ 3 ' ▁U TR ▁of ▁Sec - cont aining ▁genes ▁have ▁a ▁common ▁stem - loop ▁structure , ▁the ▁sec ▁insert ion ▁sequence ▁( SEC IS ), ▁which ▁is ▁necessary ▁for ▁the ▁recognition ▁of ▁U GA ▁as ▁a ▁Sec ▁cod on ▁rather ▁than ▁as ▁a ▁stop ▁signal . ▁ ▁Function ▁▁ ▁The ▁D IO 3 ▁gene ▁codes ▁for ▁type ▁ 3 ▁i od othy ron ine ▁de iod in ase ▁( D 3 ), ▁an ▁en zym e ▁that ▁in activ ates ▁thy roid ▁horm ones ▁and ▁is ▁highly ▁expressed ▁throughout ▁fet al ▁development , ▁pe aking ▁early ▁and ▁decre asing ▁towards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁gest ation . ▁ ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁DL K 1 - D io 3 ▁im print ing ▁control |
▁region , ▁this ▁gene ▁is ▁one ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁ep igen etic ▁process ▁that ▁causes ▁a ▁subset ▁of ▁genes ▁to ▁be ▁reg ulated ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁parent al ▁origin ▁. ▁ ▁Such ▁im print ed ▁genes ▁are ▁required ▁for ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁plac enta ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁cell ular ▁line ages ▁such ▁as ▁those ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁mes od erm ▁and ▁e ct od erm . ▁ ▁D 3 ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁pregnant ▁ut er us , ▁plac enta , ▁and ▁mamm al ian ▁fet al ▁t issues ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁transfer ▁of ▁thy roid ▁horm one ▁between ▁the ▁mother ▁and ▁fet us . ▁ ▁Expression ▁of ▁D 3 ▁cont ributes ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁brain , ▁skin , ▁liver , ▁bone , ▁ov ary , ▁test is , ▁int est ine , ▁and ▁brown ▁ad ip ose ▁tissue . ▁ ▁Int ro duct ory ▁observations ▁of ▁D 3 - def icient ▁m ice ▁indicate ▁growth ▁ret ard ation ▁and ▁even ▁some ▁ne on atal ▁death . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁its ▁ability ▁to ▁activate ▁or ▁in activate ▁thy roid ▁horm one , ▁D io 3 ▁coding ▁of ▁D 3 ▁could ▁be ▁a ▁target ▁for ▁ther apeut ic ▁intervention ▁in ▁ins ulin - related ▁illness ▁such ▁as ▁diabetes . ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁an ▁ab normal ▁amount ▁of ▁D io 3 ▁related ▁to ▁ins ufficient ▁thy roid ▁horm one ▁levels ▁could ▁be ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁dis ruption ▁of ▁brain ▁development ▁in ▁conj |
unction ▁with ▁alcohol ▁exposure . ▁ ▁Many ▁factors ▁modify ▁genetic ▁im print ing ▁of ▁D io 3 , ▁making ▁it ▁a ▁potential ▁aid ▁in ▁understanding ▁pre n atal ▁insult s ▁and ▁their ▁production ▁of ▁spectrum ▁disorders . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : EC ▁ 1 . 2 1 . 9 9 ▁Category : Gen es ▁on ▁human ▁chrom os ome ▁ 1 4 ▁Category : D evel op ment al ▁genes ▁and ▁prote ins <0x0A> </s> ▁David ▁Carr ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁In ▁academ ia ▁ ▁David ▁Carr ▁( p hen omen ology ▁scholar ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 0 ), ▁American ▁phenomen ology ▁scholar ▁and ▁philos opher ▁ ▁David ▁M . ▁Carr , ▁professor ▁of ▁Old ▁Testament ▁at ▁Union ▁The ological ▁Sem inary ▁ ▁In ▁sport ▁ ▁David ▁Carr ▁( ath lete ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 2 ), ▁Australian ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁ath lete ▁ ▁David ▁Carr ▁( American ▁football ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 9 ), ▁American ▁football ▁quarter back ▁ ▁David ▁Carr ▁( d arts ▁player ), ▁English ▁d arts ▁player ▁ ▁Other ▁people ▁ ▁David ▁Carr ▁( A IDS ▁victim ) ▁( 1 9 3 3 – 1 9 5 9 ), ▁suspected ▁first ▁Western ▁A IDS ▁victim ▁ ▁David ▁Carr ▁( journal ist ) ▁( 1 9 5 6 – 2 0 1 5 ), ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁journalist ▁ ▁David ▁Carr ▁( actor ) ▁( 1 9 6 6 - present |
), ▁a ▁TV ▁actor ▁ ▁David ▁G . ▁Carr ▁( 1 8 0 9 – 1 8 8 3 ), ▁Virginia ▁politician ▁ ▁David ▁Carr ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 4 ), ▁drum mer ▁for ▁Christian ▁band ▁Third ▁Day ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Dave ▁Carr ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁David ▁& ▁Carr , ▁a ▁du o ▁consisting ▁of ▁tr ance ▁musicians ▁Peter ▁Carr ▁and ▁David ▁Johnson ▁ ▁David ▁K arr ▁( 1 9 1 8 – 1 9 7 9 ), ▁American ▁journalist , ▁business man , ▁and ▁Communist <0x0A> </s> ▁Leo ▁August ine ▁F url ong ▁Jr . ▁( Oct ober ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁– ▁June ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁politician ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁state ▁of ▁Florida . ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Florida ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁representing ▁D ade ▁County . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁Florida ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁Charl eston , ▁South ▁Carolina ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Miami ▁al umn i ▁Category : Fl or ida ▁Democrats <0x0A> </s> ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁the ▁Sil v rett a ▁range ▁of ▁the ▁Al ps ▁on ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁Austria ▁and ▁Switzerland . ▁It ▁forms ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁the |
▁Swiss ▁cant on ▁of ▁Gra ub ünd en ▁and ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁state ▁of ▁Vor arl berg ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁peak ▁in ▁Vor arl berg . ▁ ▁Its ▁original ▁name ▁in ▁the ▁Romans h ▁language ▁is ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁Grand . ▁A ▁similar ▁but ▁smaller ▁summit ▁nearby ▁is ▁called ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁P it schen ▁at ▁ 3 , 2 5 5 m ▁( 1 0 , 6 8 0 ft ). ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁was ▁first ▁climbed ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Anton ▁Spe cht ▁and ▁Johann ▁Jak ob ▁We ilen mann , ▁guided ▁by ▁Jak ob ▁Pf its cher ▁and ▁Franz ▁P ö ll . ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁P it schen ▁was ▁climbed ▁three ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁can ▁be ▁reached ▁from ▁the ▁W ies bad ener ▁h ut , ▁crossing ▁the ▁Verm unt ▁gl ac ier , ▁climbing ▁up ▁the ▁W ies bad ener ▁r idge ▁and ▁h iking ▁over ▁the ▁O chs ental er ▁Gl ac ier ▁to ▁the ▁Bu in ▁gap . ▁From ▁the ▁gap ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁z ig z ag ▁walk ▁to ▁the ▁top , ▁with ▁only ▁a ▁ 2 0 m ▁( 6 5 ft ) ▁steep ▁step ▁to ▁sur mount ▁before ▁reaching ▁the ▁relatively ▁flat ▁summit ▁space , ▁which ▁has ▁an ▁old ▁wooden ▁cross ▁on ▁the ▁very ▁top . ▁The ▁border ▁between ▁Switzerland ▁and ▁Austria ▁cross es ▁the ▁summit ▁from ▁East ▁to ▁West . |
▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁mountains ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁on ▁Sum mit post ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁on ▁H ik r ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁the ▁Al ps ▁Category : Al p ine ▁three - th ous and ers ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Vor arl berg ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Gra ub ünd en ▁Category : A ust ria – Sw itzerland ▁border ▁Category : Intern ational ▁mountains ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : Sil v rett a ▁Al ps <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ho ar us ib ▁River ▁is ▁an ▁ep he mer al ▁river ▁in ▁the ▁K un ene ▁Region ▁region ▁of ▁north - western ▁Nam ib ia . ▁Its ▁source ▁is ▁near ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁O pu wo , ▁and ▁the ▁river ▁flows ▁through ▁the ▁Ton nes en ▁and ▁Gir affe ▁Mountains ▁into ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean . ▁The ▁Ho ar us ib ▁occasionally ▁carries ▁surface ▁water ▁during ▁the ▁rain y ▁seasons ▁in ▁November ▁and ▁February / M arch . ▁The ▁catch ment ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁Ho ar us ib ▁is ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁Ho ar us ib ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁have ▁origin ated ▁from ▁the ▁ge ology ▁of ▁this ▁stretch ▁as ▁the ▁N ama ▁word ▁" ! nar use b " ▁means ▁" water ▁which ▁tw ists ▁and ▁turns ▁through ▁a ▁narrow ▁gorge ." ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁steep ▁can y on ▁walls ▁of ▁black ▁and ▁red ▁vol can ic |
▁rock , ▁and ▁the ▁strange ▁m ak al ani ▁pal ms ▁which ▁grows ▁from ▁the ▁p ips ▁washed ▁down ▁from ▁up stream . ▁Also ▁found ▁near ▁the ▁bank ▁are ▁" cl ay ▁castle " ▁form ations ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁grad ual ▁de position ▁and ▁er os ion ▁of ▁clay . ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Nam ib ia ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁K un ene ▁Region <0x0A> </s> ▁Stefan ▁P ater ▁( born ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁German ▁football ▁forward . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : G erman ▁football ers ▁Category : B und es liga ▁players ▁Category : V f L ▁Bo ch um ▁players ▁Category : Ar min ia ▁B iele feld ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards <0x0A> </s> ▁I é na ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁station ▁on ▁Line ▁ 9 ▁of ▁the ▁Paris ▁M ét ro , ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁Avenue ▁d ' I é na . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁opened ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁with ▁the ▁extension ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁from ▁Tro c ad éro ▁to ▁Saint - Aug ust in . ▁I é na ▁is ▁the ▁French ▁name ▁of ▁J ena ▁where ▁the ▁Napoleon ' s ▁army ▁beat ▁Pr ussia ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 6 ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁J ena . ▁Near by ▁are ▁the ▁Gu |
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