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{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 14, "sc": 3845, "ep": 14, "ec": 4537} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 14 | 3,845 | 14 | 4,537 | 1960 U-2 incident | American cover-up and exposure | Mansfield's remarks that Eisenhower did not control his own administration.
Upon receiving this cable, Eisenhower, who frequently was very animated, was quiet and depressed. The only words he said to his secretary were, "I would like to resign." Meanwhile, the domestic pressure continued to mount. Eisenhower then accepted Dulles's argument that the congressional leadership needed to be briefed on the U-2 missions from the last four years. Dulles told the legislature that all U-2 flights were used for aerial espionage and had been flown pursuant to "presidential directives". Still, Dulles played down Eisenhower's direct role in approving every previous U-2 flight.
The |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 14, "sc": 4537, "ep": 14, "ec": 5165} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 14 | 4,537 | 14 | 5,165 | 1960 U-2 incident | American cover-up and exposure | next day on 10 May, without consulting with any agency heads, House Appropriations Chair Clarence Cannon received considerable press attention when he, not President Eisenhower, revealed the true nature of the U-2 mission. He said to an open session of the House of Representatives that the U-2 was a CIA plane engaged in aerial espionage over the Soviet Union. Cannon said,
Mr. Chairman, on May 1 the Soviet Government captured, 1300 miles inside the boundaries of the Russian empire, an American plane, operated by an American pilot, under the direction and control of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, and is now |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 14, "sc": 5165, "ep": 14, "ec": 5810} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 14 | 5,165 | 14 | 5,810 | 1960 U-2 incident | American cover-up and exposure | holding both the plane and the pilot. The plane was on an espionage mission ... The activity ... [was] under the aegis of the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, for whom all members of the subcommittee have the highest regard and in whose military capacity they have the utmost confidence.
At the end of Cannon's speech, Democrats and Republicans uncharacteristically rose to their feet to applaud.
Still Eisenhower faced criticism in the press for not controlling his own administration, as Cannon's speech only said the mission was "under the aegis of" the president, not "directed by". Press reports |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 14, "sc": 5810, "ep": 14, "ec": 6461} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 14 | 5,810 | 14 | 6,461 | 1960 U-2 incident | American cover-up and exposure | were creating a belief in the public that Eisenhower had lost control, which Eisenhower would not let stand. Knowing that he was jeopardizing the Paris Peace Summit, Eisenhower decided to reveal the aerial espionage program and his direct role in it, an unprecedented move for a U.S. president. His speech on 11 May revolved around four main points: the need for intelligence gathering activities; the nature of intelligence gathering activities; how intelligence activities should be viewed (as distasteful, but vital); and finally that Americans should not be distracted from the real problems of the day. Eisenhower closed passionately by reacting |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 14, "sc": 6461, "ep": 14, "ec": 7111} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 14 | 6,461 | 14 | 7,111 | 1960 U-2 incident | American cover-up and exposure | to the Soviet claim that the US acted provocatively and said: "They had better look at their own [espionage] record." As he finished, he told reporters he was still going to the Paris Peace Summit.
From the Congressional Research Service report "Covert Action: An Effective Instrument of U.S. Foreign Policy?", dated October 21, 1996, released by Wikileaks: "Many observers believed that when President Eisenhower in 1960 accepted responsibility for U-2 overflights of the Soviet Union, he made reaching agreements with Moscow much more difficult; had he blamed the flights on the Pentagon or the CIA, Khrushchev arguably might not have felt |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 14, "sc": 7111, "ep": 14, "ec": 7697} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 14 | 7,111 | 14 | 7,697 | 1960 U-2 incident | American cover-up and exposure | forced to react so strongly even though he might not believe the denials. Such reasoning, while constrained, is hardly unusual. It is easier for a President to deal with foreign leaders who are known to have committed violent acts, but have never admitted having done so, than to meet formally with those who have acknowledged 'unacceptable' behavior."
Today a large part of the wreck as well as many items from Powers's survival pack are on display at the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow. A small piece of the plane was returned to the United States and is on display at |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 14, "sc": 7697, "ep": 18, "ec": 595} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 14 | 7,697 | 18 | 595 | 1960 U-2 incident | American cover-up and exposure & Intelligence | the National Cryptologic Museum. Intelligence Already from 1948, Norwegian Selmer Nilsen had been recruited by the Soviet intelligence organization GRU, amongst other foreigners, to spy on allied activity in NATO countries. Nilsen was assigned to watch allied military activity in northern Norway. The U-2 operations were linked with the airport Bodø, which was one of its permanent stations. Selmer Nilsen recorded U-2 activity in Bodø and forwarded much military information to the Soviet Union. He was convicted for espionage in 1968 in a closed trial in Norway, with a penalty of seven years and six months' imprisonment. He was released |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 18, "sc": 595, "ep": 22, "ec": 546} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 18 | 595 | 22 | 546 | 1960 U-2 incident | Intelligence & Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit | after three years. Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit The Summit was attended by Eisenhower, Khrushchev, French President Charles de Gaulle, and British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. It was the first conference to be attended by both Soviet and western leaders in five years. However, prospects for constructive dialogue were dashed by the explosive controversy surrounding the U-2 flight over Soviet territory.
Although the Four Powers Summit was the first meeting between western and Soviet leaders in five years when it was held, the mood was optimistic that there could be an easing of |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 22, "sc": 546, "ep": 22, "ec": 1191} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 22 | 546 | 22 | 1,191 | 1960 U-2 incident | Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit | tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States. In an effort to present a less hostile, more cordial Soviet Union, Khrushchev publicly advocated a policy of "peaceful coexistence with the United States." The May Day celebrations on 1 May of that year were marked by this newfound cooperative spirit. Absent were the militarized symbols of previous parades, such as artillery and armor. Instead there were children, white doves, and athletes. But the reaction of the Soviet government to the spy plane incident and the response from the United States doomed any potential meaningful peace agreement.
In the days directly leading |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 22, "sc": 1191, "ep": 22, "ec": 1832} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 22 | 1,191 | 22 | 1,832 | 1960 U-2 incident | Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit | up to the conference, tensions increased dramatically between the United States and the Soviet Union over the U-2 incident. At this point in the negotiations, the hardliners of the Soviet government were applying heavy pressure to Khrushchev. In the weeks leading up to the summit there had been a revitalization of anti-American sentiment within the Kremlin, with the Soviets blocking a planned trip to Washington D.C. of a Soviet air marshal, inviting Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong to Moscow, and launching an anti-American press campaign designed to critique "American aggression". At this time east and west were divided about how |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 22, "sc": 1832, "ep": 22, "ec": 2423} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 22 | 1,832 | 22 | 2,423 | 1960 U-2 incident | Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit | to move forward in Berlin, and the American press characterized Khrushchev's decision to emphasize the U-2 incident at the summit as an attempt to gain leverage on this issue.
The summit itself did not last long, with talks only beginning on 15 May and ending on 16 May. Both Eisenhower and Khrushchev gave statements on the 16th. Khrushchev blasted the United States on the U-2 incident. He pointed out that the policy of secret spying was one of mistrust and that the incident had doomed the summit before it even began. He expected the United States and Eisenhower to condemn the |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 22, "sc": 2423, "ep": 22, "ec": 3070} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 22 | 2,423 | 22 | 3,070 | 1960 U-2 incident | Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit | spying and pledge to end further reconnaissance missions.
At the summit, after Khrushchev had blown Eisenhower's cover, Eisenhower did not deny that the plane had been spying on Soviet military installations but contended that the action was not aggressive but defensive. He argued that the current state of international relations was not one in which peaceful coexistence was an already established fact. The policy of the United States towards the Soviet Union at that time was defensive and cautionary. Eisenhower also made the point that dialogue at the Four Powers Summit was the type of international negotiation that could lead to |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 22, "sc": 3070, "ep": 22, "ec": 3702} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 22 | 3,070 | 22 | 3,702 | 1960 U-2 incident | Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit | a relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union where there would be no need to spy on each other. Eisenhower also laid out a plan for an international agreement that authorized the U.N. to "inspect" any nations willing to submit to its authority for signs of increased militarization and aggressive action. He stated that the United States would be more than willing to submit to such an inspection by the U.N. and that he hoped to circumvent the spying controversy with this alternative international surveillance agreement.
The meeting during which both parties made their statements lasted just over three |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 22, "sc": 3702, "ep": 24, "ec": 19} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 22 | 3,702 | 24 | 19 | 1960 U-2 incident | Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit & Consequences of the failed summit | hours. During this time Khrushchev rescinded an invitation he had earlier given to Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union.
According to Walter Cronkite, Khrushchev would go on to say that this incident was the beginning of his decline in power as party chairman, perhaps because he seemed unable to negotiate the international arena and the communist hardliners at home. The collapse of the summit also saw an increased tension between the Soviets and the Americans in the years to come. After this debacle the arms race accelerated and any considerations for negotiations were dashed for the immediate future. Consequences of the |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 24, "sc": 19, "ep": 26, "ec": 532} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 24 | 19 | 26 | 532 | 1960 U-2 incident | Consequences of the failed summit | failed summit As a result of the spy plane incident and the attempted cover-up, the Four Power Paris Summit was not completed. At the beginning of the talks on 16 May, there was still hope that the two sides could come together even after the events that took place earlier in May, but Eisenhower refused to apologize and Khrushchev left the summit one day after it had begun. Some people said that Khrushchev had overreacted to the event in an attempt to strengthen his own position, and for that, he was the one to blame for the collapse of the |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 26, "sc": 532, "ep": 26, "ec": 1126} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 26 | 532 | 26 | 1,126 | 1960 U-2 incident | Consequences of the failed summit | Four Power Paris Summit.
Before the U-2 incident Khrushchev and Eisenhower had been getting along well and the summit was going to be an opportunity for the two sides to come together. Also, Eisenhower had been looking forward to a visit to the Soviet Union and was very upset when his invitation was retracted. The two sides were going to discuss topics such as nuclear arms reduction and also how to deal with increasing tensions surrounding Berlin. According to Eisenhower, had it not been for the U-2 incident, the summit and his visit to the Soviet Union could have greatly helped |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 26, "sc": 1126, "ep": 26, "ec": 1775} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 26 | 1,126 | 26 | 1,775 | 1960 U-2 incident | Consequences of the failed summit | Soviet and American relations.
The Soviet Union convened a meeting of the United Nations Security Council on 23 May to tell their side of the story. The meetings continued for four days with other allegations of spying being exchanged, as well as recriminations over the Paris Summit, and a US offer of an "open skies" proposal to allow reciprocal flights over one another's territory, at the end of which the Soviet Union overwhelmingly lost a vote on a concise resolution which would have condemned the incursions and requested the US to prevent their recurrence.
The incident severely compromised Pakistan's security and worsened |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 26, "sc": 1775, "ep": 30, "ec": 109} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 26 | 1,775 | 30 | 109 | 1960 U-2 incident | Consequences of the failed summit & Pilot fate | relations with the United States. As an attempt to put up a bold front, General Khalid Mahmud Arif of the Pakistan Army, while commenting on the incident, stated that "Pakistan felt deceived because the US had kept her in the dark about such clandestine spy operations launched from Pakistan's territory." The communications wing at Badaber was formally closed down on 7 January 1970. Further, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee held a lengthy inquiry into the U-2 incident. Pilot fate Upon his capture, Gary Powers told his Soviet captors what his mission had been and why he had been in Soviet |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 30, "sc": 109, "ep": 34, "ec": 152} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 30 | 109 | 34 | 152 | 1960 U-2 incident | Pilot fate & New tactics and technology | airspace. He did this in accordance with orders that he had received before he went on his mission. Powers pleaded guilty and was convicted of espionage on 19 August and sentenced to three years imprisonment and seven years of hard labor. He served one year and nine months of the sentence before being exchanged for Rudolf Abel on 10 February 1962. The exchange occurred on the Glienicke Bridge connecting Potsdam, East Germany, to West Berlin. New tactics and technology The incident showed that even high-altitude aircraft were vulnerable to Soviet surface-to-air missiles. As a result, the United States began emphasizing |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 34, "sc": 152, "ep": 38, "ec": 172} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 34 | 152 | 38 | 172 | 1960 U-2 incident | New tactics and technology & Later versions | high-speed, low-level flights for its previously high altitude B-47, B-52 and B-58 bombers, and began developing the supersonic F-111, which would include an FB-111A variant for the Strategic Air Command. The Corona spy satellite project was accelerated. The CIA also accelerated the development of the Lockheed A-12 OXCART supersonic spyplane that first flew in 1962 and later began developing the Lockheed D-21 unmanned drone. Later versions The original consensus about the cause of the U-2 incident was that the spy plane had been shot down by one of a salvo of 14 Soviet SA-2 missiles. This story was originated |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 38, "sc": 172, "ep": 42, "ec": 58} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 38 | 172 | 42 | 58 | 1960 U-2 incident | Later versions & Igor Mentyukov | by Oleg Penkovsky, a GRU agent who spied for MI6. In 2010, CIA documents were released indicating that "top US officials never believed Powers's account of his fateful flight because it appeared to be directly contradicted by a report from the National Security Agency" which alleged that the U-2 had descended from 65,000 to 34,000 feet (19,812 to 10,363 m) before changing course and disappearing from radar. One contemporary reading of the NSA's story is that they mistakenly tracked the descent of a MiG-19 piloted by Sr. Lt. Sergei Safronov. Igor Mentyukov In 1996, Soviet pilot Captain Igor Mentyukov claimed that, |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 42, "sc": 58, "ep": 42, "ec": 649} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 42 | 58 | 42 | 649 | 1960 U-2 incident | Igor Mentyukov | at 65,000 feet (19,800 m) altitude, under orders to ram the intruder, he had caught the U-2 in the slipstream of his unarmed Sukhoi Su-9, causing the U-2 to flip over and break its wings. The salvo of missiles had indeed scored a hit, downing a pursuing MiG-19, not the U-2. Mentyukov said that if a missile had hit the U-2, its pilot would not have lived.
Though the normal Su-9 service ceiling was 55,000 feet (16,800 m), Mentyukov's aircraft had been modified to achieve higher altitudes, having its weapons removed. With no weapons, the only attack option open to him was aerial |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 42, "sc": 649, "ep": 46, "ec": 463} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 42 | 649 | 46 | 463 | 1960 U-2 incident | Igor Mentyukov & Sergei Khrushchev | ramming. Mentyukov asserted that Soviet generals concealed these facts to avoid challenging Nikita Khrushchev's faith in the efficiency of Soviet air defenses. Sergei Khrushchev In 2000, Sergei Khrushchev wrote about the experience of his father, Nikita Khrushchev, in the incident. He described how Mentyukov attempted to intercept the U-2, but failed to gain visual contact. Major Mikhail Voronov, in control of a battery of anti-aircraft missiles, fired three SA-2s at the radar contact but only one ignited. It quickly rose toward the target and exploded in the air behind the U-2 but near enough to violently shake the aircraft, tearing |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 46, "sc": 463, "ep": 46, "ec": 1066} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 46 | 463 | 46 | 1,066 | 1960 U-2 incident | Sergei Khrushchev | off its long wings. At a lower altitude, Powers climbed out of the falling fuselage and parachuted to the ground. Uncertainty about the initial shootdown success resulted in 13 further anti-aircraft missiles being fired by neighboring batteries, but the later missiles only hit a pursuing MiG-19 piloted by Sr. Lt. Sergei Safronov, mortally wounding him. This account of the events that occurred during the mission match the details that were given to the CIA by Gary Powers. According to Powers, a missile exploded behind him and after this occurred his U-2 began to nosedive. It is at this point that |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 46, "sc": 1066, "ep": 50, "ec": 320} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 46 | 1,066 | 50 | 320 | 1960 U-2 incident | Sergei Khrushchev & Film | Powers began to make all of the preparations to eject. Powers landed safely and tried to hide in the Russian countryside until he could get help. His attempts to do this failed and he was captured. Sergei Safronov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Film In 2015 the Steven Spielberg feature film Bridge of Spies was released, which dramatized James B. Donovan (Tom Hanks )'s negotiations for Powers' release, but took certain liberties with what really happened. For instance, Powers is shown being tortured by the Soviets, when in reality he was treated well by his captors |
{"datasets_id": 161966, "wiki_id": "Q748379", "sp": 50, "sc": 320, "ep": 50, "ec": 479} | 161,966 | Q748379 | 50 | 320 | 50 | 479 | 1960 U-2 incident | Film | and spent much of his time doing handicrafts.
In January 2016, the BBC magazine produced photographs from the time and an interview with Powers's son. |
{"datasets_id": 161967, "wiki_id": "Q4583649", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 544} | 161,967 | Q4583649 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 544 | 1987 Defender Selection Series | America's Cup Defence Ltd (Australia II, III and IV) | 1987 Defender Selection Series America's Cup Defence Ltd (Australia II, III and IV) The highest profile syndicate was the professional and well funded Alan Bond group which had won the 1983 Cup and which had a wealth of experience, having been to Newport as challengers in 1974, 1977, 1980 and 1983. The team won the 1986 World 12-metre championships in convincing style with Australia III. Close Bond associate Warren Jones was the syndicate director and veteran 12-metre helmsman John Longley managed the day-to-day business. Four helmsmen were used in rotation: Colin Beashel, Hugh Treharne, Gordon Lucas and Carl Ryves, with |
{"datasets_id": 161967, "wiki_id": "Q4583649", "sp": 6, "sc": 544, "ep": 6, "ec": 1179} | 161,967 | Q4583649 | 6 | 544 | 6 | 1,179 | 1987 Defender Selection Series | America's Cup Defence Ltd (Australia II, III and IV) | Beashel taking the skipper role in the finals. Beashel and Treharne had extensive previous 12-metre experience. Grant Simmer was the navigator. The crew included Dean Phipps.
Some commentary has stated that John Bertrand had fallen out of favour with the Bond syndicate because of the publication of his book Born to Win. This cannot be the case as his book clearly states Bertrand's decision to transition from sailing to a business career in the book obviously before it was published. Bertrand was a media commentator for Alan Bond's network during the televised races.
Two sister boats to Australia II were built, |
{"datasets_id": 161967, "wiki_id": "Q4583649", "sp": 6, "sc": 1179, "ep": 10, "ec": 72} | 161,967 | Q4583649 | 6 | 1,179 | 10 | 72 | 1987 Defender Selection Series | America's Cup Defence Ltd (Australia II, III and IV) & South Australia Challenge (South Australia) | Australia III (KA-9) which was launched on 27 September 1985 and much later Australia IV (KA-16). Australia III's launch was a stage managed event with a lavish ceremony at Royal Perth Yacht Club which included Bond's wife Eileen naming the boat. It was built at Cottesloe by boatbuilder Stephen Ward and designed by Ben Lexcen, the same team which had produced Australia II. The launch culminated in a sedate sail in the Swan River watched by thousands of spectators on the river foreshore. South Australia Challenge (South Australia) The South Australian government provided a $1M subsidy to a syndicate of |
{"datasets_id": 161967, "wiki_id": "Q4583649", "sp": 10, "sc": 72, "ep": 10, "ec": 695} | 161,967 | Q4583649 | 10 | 72 | 10 | 695 | 1987 Defender Selection Series | South Australia Challenge (South Australia) | businessmen led by Adelaide advertising executive Roger Lloyd who contracted Lexcen to design a boat called South Australia (KA-8). The group included support from 150 companies. For $600,000 the group received a new boat which was also built at Ward's boatyard with a similar design to Australia II. As well as design and construction, the syndicate had also contracted with the Australia II team to provide basic crew training. As soon as South Australia was launched, trials between it and Australia II were held and the results considered before the design of Australia III was finalised.
National small boat |
{"datasets_id": 161967, "wiki_id": "Q4583649", "sp": 10, "sc": 695, "ep": 14, "ec": 285} | 161,967 | Q4583649 | 10 | 695 | 14 | 285 | 1987 Defender Selection Series | South Australia Challenge (South Australia) & Taskforce '87 (Kookaburra I, II and III) | champion Fred Neill initially skippered South Australia with 12-Metre veteran Sir James Hardy. Hardy later stood down as skipper but stayed on with the syndicate. New South Welshman Phil Thompson was appointed helmsman and, following poor early showings, became the replacement skipper with John Savage in the afterguard. Taskforce '87 (Kookaburra I, II and III) The third syndicate was a well funded group known as Taskforce '87 and headed by Perth businessman Kevin Parry. Taskforce '87 built three boats, Kookaburra (KA-11), Kookaburra II (KA-12) skippered by Peter Gilmour and Kookaburra III (KA-15) skippered by Iain Murray. The afterguard of |
{"datasets_id": 161967, "wiki_id": "Q4583649", "sp": 14, "sc": 285, "ep": 18, "ec": 207} | 161,967 | Q4583649 | 14 | 285 | 18 | 207 | 1987 Defender Selection Series | Taskforce '87 (Kookaburra I, II and III) & Eastern Australian Defence Syndicate (Australia I and Steak 'n Kidney) | the Kookaburra boats were combined for the Cup finals, with Gilmour acting as skipper in the pre-race through the start, while Murray would take the helm for the race itself. Gilmour would then move over to mainsheet trimmer. The Kookaburra boats were designed by John Swarbrick and Iain Murray. Eastern Australian Defence Syndicate (Australia I and Steak 'n Kidney) The eastern states team headed by Syd Fischer purchased Australia I (KA 5) as a trial boat while a new boat designed by Peter Cole was built. Steak 'n Kidney (KA-14, named after steak and kidney pie, popular |
{"datasets_id": 161967, "wiki_id": "Q4583649", "sp": 18, "sc": 207, "ep": 18, "ec": 702} | 161,967 | Q4583649 | 18 | 207 | 18 | 702 | 1987 Defender Selection Series | Eastern Australian Defence Syndicate (Australia I and Steak 'n Kidney) | in Australia and to the rhyming slang for the City of Sydney) was launched relatively late in the campaign at a ceremony at the Sydney Opera House in April 1986.
The design was selected by Cole after testing 22 hull shapes and 11 winged keel variations at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin during 1985. The Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron was the syndicate's sponsoring club, and Gary Sheard, an Olympian in Solings was skipper. Steven Kemp was the tactician and Robin Doussen the navigator. |
{"datasets_id": 161968, "wiki_id": "Q3630126", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 85} | 161,968 | Q3630126 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 85 | 1998 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships | Singles & Doubles | 1998 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships Singles Lleyton Hewitt defeated Jason Stoltenberg, 3–6, 6–3, 7–6. Doubles Joshua Eagle / Andrew Florent defeated Ellis Ferreira / Rick Leach, 6–4, 6–7, 6–3. |
{"datasets_id": 161969, "wiki_id": "Q4027996", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 595} | 161,969 | Q4027996 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 595 | 1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union) | 1st Formation | 1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union) 1st Formation Initially formed in March 1940 it was attached to the Leningrad Military District, and held in reserve near the Pskov Fortified Region. It was under the command of Major General Mikhail Chernyavsky when the German Operation Barbarossa began in June 1941. It initially comprised the 1st and 3rd Tank Divisions, and the 168th Mechanized Division. On 22 June 1941, 1st Mechanized Corps consisted 31,439 Men, 1037 Tanks, 239 Armored Cars, 148 Artillery Pieces, 146 Mortars, 4730 Vehicles, 246 Tractors & 467 Motorcycles including lighter models T-26, Bt 7, & T-28's.
After the invasion began |
{"datasets_id": 161969, "wiki_id": "Q4027996", "sp": 6, "sc": 595, "ep": 6, "ec": 1243} | 161,969 | Q4027996 | 6 | 595 | 6 | 1,243 | 1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union) | 1st Formation | the Leningrad Military District was renamed Northern Front, Commanded by Lieutenant General Markian M. Popov. The front fielded 14th, 7th Armies, 23rd Armies, the 65th Rifle Corps & the Leningrad Military District forces including the 2nd Division of NKVD troops. The 1st Mechanized Corps was heavily engaged in the first battles of Operation Barbarossa, particularly during the Baltic Operation (1941). On 29 June 1941 the 1st Mechanized Corps was ordered to reinforce new defenses anchored on the Velikaya River near Ostrov on the former Stalin Line after the spectacular advances by Georg-Hans Reinhardt's XLI Panzer Corps which had crossed the |
{"datasets_id": 161969, "wiki_id": "Q4027996", "sp": 6, "sc": 1243, "ep": 8, "ec": 13} | 161,969 | Q4027996 | 6 | 1,243 | 8 | 13 | 1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union) | 1st Formation & 2nd Formation | Daugava River. However it was unable to hold the line. On 11 July 1941 Col P Poluboiarov, Northwestern Front armoured directorate reported that the 1st Mechanized Corps had at the present moment fewer than 100 Tanks remaining. Pskov and Ostrov were captured within weeks & Leningrad invested. On 2 August 1941 Colonel Limarenko, Chief of Staff of the 1st Mechanized Corps reported that the Corps 'possessed no T-34 or Kv-1s when sent into action 20 were delivered only after combat began. The 1st Mechanized Corps was disbanded in August 1941, although 1st Tank Division remained in 14th Army. 2nd Formation |
{"datasets_id": 161969, "wiki_id": "Q4027996", "sp": 10, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 480} | 161,969 | Q4027996 | 10 | 0 | 14 | 480 | 1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union) | 2nd Formation & Cold War | Reformed August 1942.
It took heavy casualties during the Battle in Berlin. Cold War In 1946, the corps became the 1st Mechanized Division. The division became the 19th Motor Rifle Division in Olympisches Dorf as part of the 2nd Guards Tank Army. In June 1964, it was subordinated to the 20th Guards Army. On 1 January 1965, it became the 35th Motor Rifle Division. On 22 February 1968, the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In May 1983, it relocated to Krampnitz. In May 1989, the 219th Tank Regiment was moved to the Soviet Union and disbanded. It |
{"datasets_id": 161969, "wiki_id": "Q4027996", "sp": 14, "sc": 480, "ep": 14, "ec": 768} | 161,969 | Q4027996 | 14 | 480 | 14 | 768 | 1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union) | Cold War | was replaced by the 32nd Guards Tank Division's 69th Motor Rifle Regiment. During the Cold War, the division was maintained at full strength. In December 1991, the division moved to Chebarkul and became part of the Volga–Urals Military District. The division was disbanded in April 1992. |
{"datasets_id": 161970, "wiki_id": "Q4611168", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 403} | 161,970 | Q4611168 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 403 | 2008 Hazfi Cup Final | Format | 2008 Hazfi Cup Final Format The rules for the final were exactly the same as the one in the previous knockout rounds. The tie was contested over two legs with away goals deciding the winner if the two teams were level on goals after the second leg. If the teams could still not be separated at that stage, then extra time would have been played with a penalty shootout (taking place if the teams were still level after extra time). |
{"datasets_id": 161971, "wiki_id": "Q19043", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 617} | 161,971 | Q19043 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 617 | 2010–11 La Liga | Teams | 2010–11 La Liga Teams Real Valladolid, CD Tenerife and Xerez CD were relegated to the Segunda División after finishing the 2009–10 season in the bottom three places. Tenerife and Xerez made their immediate return to the second level after just one year in the Spanish top flight, while Valladolid ended a three-year tenure in La Liga.
The relegated teams were replaced by 2009–10 Segunda División champions Real Sociedad from San Sebastián, runners-up Hércules CF from Alicante and Levante UD from Valencia. Hércules returned to the highest Spanish football league for the first time after 13 years, while Real Sociedad and Levante |
{"datasets_id": 161971, "wiki_id": "Q19043", "sp": 6, "sc": 617, "ep": 10, "ec": 11} | 161,971 | Q19043 | 6 | 617 | 10 | 11 | 2010–11 La Liga | Teams & Pedro Zaballa award | terminated their second-level status after three and two years, respectively. Pedro Zaballa award Real Madrid |
{"datasets_id": 161972, "wiki_id": "Q48845128", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 553} | 161,972 | Q48845128 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 553 | 2010 European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships | 2010 European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships The 2010 European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships took place in Markkleeberg, Germany from 4 to 8 August 2010 under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA) at the Kanupark Markkleeberg artificial course. It was the 12th edition of the competition for Juniors (U18) and the 8th edition for the Under 23 category.
A total of 17 medal events took place. No medals were awarded for the U23 women's C1 individual and team events due to low number of participating countries. The junior women's C1 team event did not take place. |
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{"datasets_id": 161972, "wiki_id": "Q48845128", "sp": 4, "sc": 553, "ep": 4, "ec": 652} | 161,972 | Q48845128 | 4 | 553 | 4 | 652 | 2010 European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships | It was the first time that women's C1 class appeared at the European Junior and U23 Championships. |
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{"datasets_id": 161973, "wiki_id": "Q16953196", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 516} | 161,973 | Q16953196 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 516 | 2011 Munster Senior Football Championship | 2011 Munster Senior Football Championship The 2011 Munster Senior Football Championship was that year's installment of the annual Munster Senior Football Championship held under the auspices of the Munster GAA. It was won by Kerry who defeated Cork in the final. This was Kerry's second consecutive appearance in the final and second consecutive title - they defeated Limerick in the 2010 final.
The winning Kerry team received the Cuppy Cup, and automatically advanced to the quarter-final stage of the 2011 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. |
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{"datasets_id": 161974, "wiki_id": "Q28943066", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 456} | 161,974 | Q28943066 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 456 | 2017 Tasmania SuperSprint | Background & Race 3 | 2017 Tasmania SuperSprint Background Shane van Gisbergen entered the event as the championship leader ahead of Fabian Coulthard and James Courtney. Race 3 Race three began in damp conditions. Polesitter Scott McLaughlin had a slow getaway from pole position and was rounded up by Chaz Mostert and Shane van Gisbergen off the start. On lap two, Fabian Coulthard made contact with Rick Kelly on the exit of turn three, slowing up Garth Tander (who was behind Kelly), who in turn was hit by Cameron Waters and subsequently spun, causing a chain reaction crash involving Tim Blanchard, James Courtney, Will Davison, |
{"datasets_id": 161974, "wiki_id": "Q28943066", "sp": 10, "sc": 456, "ep": 10, "ec": 1084} | 161,974 | Q28943066 | 10 | 456 | 10 | 1,084 | 2017 Tasmania SuperSprint | Race 3 | Simona de Silvestro, Taz Douglas, James Moffat, Nick Percat, Scott Pye, Alex Rullo and Tim Slade. The race was immediately red-flagged and of the cars involved only Coulthard, de Silvestro and Waters returned to the grid (Coulthard and Waters) or the pit-lane (de Silvestro). The race was suspended for 45 minutes before the field completed two more laps under the Safety Car before the race was declared under time-certain conditions, with van Gisbergen winning the race after passing Mostert before the incident occurred. McLaughlin finished down in 14th having accidentally driven into the pit-lane as opposed to the grid in |
{"datasets_id": 161974, "wiki_id": "Q28943066", "sp": 10, "sc": 1084, "ep": 10, "ec": 1197} | 161,974 | Q28943066 | 10 | 1,084 | 10 | 1,197 | 2017 Tasmania SuperSprint | Race 3 | the red-flag period. Points were initially awarded to the fifteen classified finishers but were later rescinded. |
{"datasets_id": 161975, "wiki_id": "Q18208745", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 593} | 161,975 | Q18208745 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 593 | 26th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry | Service | 26th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Service The 26th Massachusetts was organized at Camp Cameron in Cambridge, Massachusetts and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on August 28, 1861, under the command of Colonel Edward F. Jones.
The regiment was attached to Ship Island Expedition to March 1862. 2nd Brigade, Department of the Gulf, to October 1862. Defenses of New Orleans, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to July 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to February 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIX Corps, Department of |
{"datasets_id": 161975, "wiki_id": "Q18208745", "sp": 6, "sc": 593, "ep": 10, "ec": 19} | 161,975 | Q18208745 | 6 | 593 | 10 | 19 | 26th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry | Service & Detailed service | the Gulf, to June 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to July 1864, and Army of the Shenandoah, Middle Military Division, to January 1865. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, Army of the Shenandoah, to April 1865. 2nd Brigade, 1st Provisional Division, Army of the Shenandoah, to April 1865. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Department of Washington, XXII Corps, to June 1865. Department of the South to August 1865.
The 26th Massachusetts mustered out of service August 26, 1865, at Savannah, Georgia and was discharged September 18, 1865, in Boston, Massachusetts. Detailed service Moved to Camp Chase |
{"datasets_id": 161975, "wiki_id": "Q18208745", "sp": 10, "sc": 19, "ep": 10, "ec": 630} | 161,975 | Q18208745 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 630 | 26th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry | Detailed service | in Lowell, September 23, and to Boston November 19. Sailed on steamer Constitution to Ship Island, Miss., November 21, arriving there December 3. Duty at Ship Island until April 15, 1862. Occupation of Ship Island, Miss., December 3, 1861, to April 15, 1862. Skirmish at Mississippi City March 8, 1862. Movement to the passes of the Mississippi River April 15–18. Operations against Forts St. Phillip and Jackson April 18–28. Occupation of Forts St. Phillip and Jackson April 28 to July. Moved to New Orleans, La., and duty there until June 20, 1863. Expedition to Pass Manchac and Ponchatoula September 13–15, |
{"datasets_id": 161975, "wiki_id": "Q18208745", "sp": 10, "sc": 630, "ep": 10, "ec": 1249} | 161,975 | Q18208745 | 10 | 630 | 10 | 1,249 | 26th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry | Detailed service | 1862 (1 company). Ponchatoula September 14–15 (1 company). Moved to LaFourche Crossing June 20, 1863. Action at LaFourche Crossing, Thibodeaux, June 20–21. Moved to Bontee Station June 26, and to Jefferson Station June 30. Moved to New Orleans July 15, and provost duty there until August 28. Moved to Baton Rouge August 28–29. Sabine Pass Texas Expedition, September 4–11. At Algiers until September 16. Moved to Brashear City and Berwick City September 16, and to Camp Bisland September 23. Bayou Teche Campaign October 3-November 30. At New Iberia until January 7, 1864. Moved to Franklin January 7–9 and duty there |
{"datasets_id": 161975, "wiki_id": "Q18208745", "sp": 10, "sc": 1249, "ep": 10, "ec": 1848} | 161,975 | Q18208745 | 10 | 1,249 | 10 | 1,848 | 26th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry | Detailed service | until February 24. Moved to New Orleans February 24–25 and duty there until March 22. (Veterans on leave March 22 to May 20.) Camp at Carrollton until June 8. Moved to Morganza June 8 and duty there until July 3. Moved to New Orleans July 3–4, then to Fortress Monroe and Bermuda Hundred, Va., July 11–21. On the Bermuda Hundred front July 22–28. Demonstration on north side of the James July 28–30. Deep Bottom July 28–29. Moved to Washington, D.C., July 30-August 1; then to Tennallytown August 1. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August to December. Battle of Opequon, Winchester, September |
{"datasets_id": 161975, "wiki_id": "Q18208745", "sp": 10, "sc": 1848, "ep": 14, "ec": 90} | 161,975 | Q18208745 | 10 | 1,848 | 14 | 90 | 26th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry | Detailed service & Casualties | 19. Fisher's Hill, September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Non-veterans left front October 19 and mustered out November 7, 1864. Provost duty at Headquarters of Middle Military Division and Army of the Shenandoah at Winchester, until May 1, 1865. Moved to Washington, D.C., May 1–2, and camp there until June 3. Moved to Savannah, Ga., June 3–7, and provost duty there until August 2. Mustered out August 26, 1865. Moved to Boston, Mass., September 12–18, and there discharged from service. Casualties The regiment lost a total of 249 men during service; 3 officers and 61 enlisted men killed |
{"datasets_id": 161975, "wiki_id": "Q18208745", "sp": 14, "sc": 90, "ep": 14, "ec": 160} | 161,975 | Q18208745 | 14 | 90 | 14 | 160 | 26th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry | Casualties | or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 182 enlisted men died of disease. |
{"datasets_id": 161976, "wiki_id": "Q24896704", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 577} | 161,976 | Q24896704 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 577 | 501e Régiment de chars de combat | World War I | 501e Régiment de chars de combat World War I On April 16, 1917, 132 Schneider CA1 mount an assaut on Berry-au-Bac. Considered the first mounted tank assault in times. From this tank groupment, the 501st Assault Artillery Regiment (French: 501ᵉ Régiment d'artillerie d'assaut, 501ᵉ RAS.) was created on May 20, 1918.
the 501ᵉ RAS, designated RCC, would be the first unit formed with the new organization of the armoured troops in the beginning og 1918.
Initially composed of the first Groupment of Schneider tanks and of the 1st and 2nd battalions of light tanks, (the 1ᵉʳ and 2ᵉ BCL), created respectively |
{"datasets_id": 161976, "wiki_id": "Q24896704", "sp": 6, "sc": 577, "ep": 10, "ec": 255} | 161,976 | Q24896704 | 6 | 577 | 10 | 255 | 501e Régiment de chars de combat | World War I & Interwar period | on February 19 and March 18, 1918 and equipped with Renault FT.
the 3rd battalion, formed on March 27, was initially assigned to the 508ᵉ Régiment de chars de combat 508ᵉ RCC then transferred to the 501ᵉ RCC since May 29, 1918.
Each light tank battalion was composed of three companies numbered from the 301. Interwar period The 501ᵉ was engaged in outre-mer at the corps of the army of the Orient. The 303rd Company of the 501st supported French and Greek forces around Odesa and Kherson, where they fought Nikifor Hryhorev's partisans. On May 13, 1920, the 501 was designated as |
{"datasets_id": 161976, "wiki_id": "Q24896704", "sp": 10, "sc": 255, "ep": 14, "ec": 463} | 161,976 | Q24896704 | 10 | 255 | 14 | 463 | 501e Régiment de chars de combat | Interwar period & World War II | the 501e Régiment de chars de combat. World War II With the outbreak of the World War II, the regiment formed four combat tank battalions: the 1ᵉ and 2ᵉ BCC were respectively issued from the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 501ᵉ RCC and each comprised 45 Renault R35 tanks while the 30ᵉ and 31ᵉ BCC were respectively formed and equipped of 63 FT tanks from the reserves. While the 1ᵉ, 2ᵉ and 31ᵉ BCC remained at the corps of GBC 501 and were assigned to the Vth Army, the 30ᵉ BCC joined the GBC 502 of the IIIrd Army. |
{"datasets_id": 161976, "wiki_id": "Q24896704", "sp": 14, "sc": 463, "ep": 14, "ec": 1141} | 161,976 | Q24896704 | 14 | 463 | 14 | 1,141 | 501e Régiment de chars de combat | World War II | These companies were engaged individually.
With the 342ᵉ autonomous company back from Narvik out of which a dozen of volunteers joined the Free France, the 1st autonomous tank company of Free France was formed.
The company later served within the ranks of the VIIIth British Army, equipped with British combat Crusader tank. This company was part of the "colonne volante" with the 1st Spahi Regiment.
Two other companies created in 1940 and 1941 merged then with the later to constitute a regiment (the regiment was articulated accordingly into four combat companies).
After having joined the United Kingdom with the 2nd Armoured Division 2ᵉ DB, |
{"datasets_id": 161976, "wiki_id": "Q24896704", "sp": 14, "sc": 1141, "ep": 18, "ec": 305} | 161,976 | Q24896704 | 14 | 1,141 | 18 | 305 | 501e Régiment de chars de combat | World War II & 1945 to present | in April 1944, the 501ᵉ embarked on August 3 to the Bancs de Grande Vey, on the north-east coast of Carentan. The regiment partook in the liberation of Paris, then Strasbourg and finished the events of campaign series engagements on May 5, 1945. The American command awarded the regiment, the « U.S. Presidential Unit Citation ». 1945 to present Formed in September 1, 1945, a marching company embarked for Indochina.
The regiment was engaged in Central Europe, Senegal (1982), Lebanon (1984), Central African Republic (since 1985) and Yugoslavia.
On September 1, 1990, the chef d'état major de l'armée de terre CEMAT, created from the |
{"datasets_id": 161976, "wiki_id": "Q24896704", "sp": 18, "sc": 305, "ep": 18, "ec": 891} | 161,976 | Q24896704 | 18 | 305 | 18 | 891 | 501e Régiment de chars de combat | 1945 to present | 4ᵉ Régiment de dragons 4ᵉ RD and the 503ᵉ Régiment de chars de combat, a regiment composed of 80 Leclerc tanks in two squadron groups (GE).
On August 31, 1994, the 501ᵉ Régiment de chars de combat was dissolved. Simultaneously, the squadron group of the 4ᵉ RD was designated squadron group 501. This evolution was remarked in the order of battle of the French Army, the 501ᵉ-503ᵉ Régiment de chars de combat.
On June 23, 2009, the 503 GE was dissolved and formed a fourth combat squadron in the corps of the 501ᵉ which became the 501ᵉ RCC. Accordingly, the regiment was |
{"datasets_id": 161976, "wiki_id": "Q24896704", "sp": 18, "sc": 891, "ep": 22, "ec": 844} | 161,976 | Q24896704 | 18 | 891 | 22 | 844 | 501e Régiment de chars de combat | 1945 to present & Regimental Song | integrated at the corps of the 2nd Armoured Brigade 2ᵉ BB. Regimental Song Dans le vent, la pluie et l'orage
Chevaux de fer monstres d'aciers canons pointés
Meilleur des chars toujours avec courage
Marche au combat sous les rafales avec fierté
Au 501 soyons toujours fidèles
De la DB les cœurs plus valeureux
Faisant flotter cette devise belle
Nous resterons toujours fiers et heureux
Prends garde aussi devant sa lunette
Un jour tu passe il restera trois secondes
Pour qu'a jamais ta propre vie s'arrête
Le béret noir t'envoie dans l'autre monde
L'éternité te sera moins pénible
Tu te diras ce n'est pas le hasard
C'est sans retour si l'on devient la cible
Du 501 |
{"datasets_id": 161976, "wiki_id": "Q24896704", "sp": 22, "sc": 844, "ep": 22, "ec": 1312} | 161,976 | Q24896704 | 22 | 844 | 22 | 1,312 | 501e Régiment de chars de combat | Regimental Song | toujours premier des chars
Au baroud après la bagarre
Si tu reviens avant de partir au pays
Tête levée pense à ton étendard
Car son serment d'Afrique n'a plus jamais trahi
Pense à celui qui reste sur la piste
Dans la fournaise le cœur dans sa tourelle
S'en est allé la haut vers les tankistes
Pour que la vie soit ici moins cruelle |
{"datasets_id": 161977, "wiki_id": "Q16149060", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 102} | 161,977 | Q16149060 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 102 | 9th Lambda Literary Awards | 9th Lambda Literary Awards The 9th Lambda Literary Awards were held in 1997 to honour works of LGBT literature published in 1996. |
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{"datasets_id": 161978, "wiki_id": "Q4525053", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 376} | 161,978 | Q4525053 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 376 | A School for Fools | Characters | A School for Fools A School for Fools (Школа для дураков) is a novel written by Sasha Sokolov in the 1960s. "A School for Fools" was first circulated via 'samizdat,' or self-publication through underground connections. However, the novel was formally published in 1976 in U.S. (samizdat). Школа для дураков is often classified as a work of phantasmagoric modernism. Vladimir Nabokov called it "an enchanting, tragic, and touching work." Characters -The Narrator (unnamed).
-Nymphea Alba.
-Those Who Came.
-The narrator's Father.
-The narrator's Mother.
-Savl/Pavel Petrovich Norvegov.
-Mikheev/Medvedev.
-Yakov and Sheina Emmanuilovna Trachtenberg-Tinbergen.
-Veta Acatova.
-Arcady Arcadievich Acatov.
-Rosa Windova.
-Principal Perillo. |
{"datasets_id": 161979, "wiki_id": "Q4054514", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 71} | 161,979 | Q4054514 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 71 | Abdul-Gazy | Geography | Abdul-Gazy Geography The village is located 310 km from Stavropol and 11 km from Neftekumsk. |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 668} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 668 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Adbhuta Ramayana Adbhuta Ramayana is a Sanskrit work traditionally attributed to the sage Valmiki, or perhaps a different sage who borrowed his name. It is considerably more obscure than both the Valmiki Ramayana—generally considered the original version—as well as Tulsidas’ awadhi version entitled Ramacharitamanasa, northern India's most popular version of the Ramayana story.
Scholarly analysis of its content and text history has, to this point, been minor. Its significance lies in its traditional place in the body of Ramayana literature. It is not to be confused with the Kannada prose work of the same name by Nandalike Lakshminarayana.
The Adbhuta Ramayana is |
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{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 4, "sc": 668, "ep": 4, "ec": 1330} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 4 | 668 | 4 | 1,330 | Adbhuta Ramayana | composed in 27 sargas of various metres, and only briefly recounts the traditional Rama narrative. The earliest episodes of Rama's life, as depicted in Valmiki’s original telling—such as the story of Rama's birth, his training with Vishwamitra, and the breaking of Shiva’s bow at Sita’s swayamvara—are omitted. This adaptation of Rama's life begins with his confrontation with Parashurama as he and his family returned from his wedding in Janakpura. The story glosses over other noteworthy events of the epic, focusing more on supportive stories intended to elaborate upon the major themes of Valmiki's primary work.
Sita is accorded far more prominence |
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{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 4, "sc": 1330, "ep": 8, "ec": 356} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 4 | 1,330 | 8 | 356 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | in this variant of the Ramayana narrative, and indeed two of its most notable contributions are an elaboration of the events surrounding her birth—in this case to Ravana’s wife, Mandodari—as well as her conquest of Ravana's older brother in her Mahakali form. Summary Sarga 1: The Rishi Bharadwaja approached Valmiki and asked him to narrate the story of Rama, reminding him that the Ramayana includes hundreds of thousands of shlokas (verses), most of which have been unavailable. Bharadwaja asked to hear one of those secret stories, to which Valmiki acquiesced, noting that this version would emphasize the deeds of Sita, |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 356, "ep": 8, "ec": 999} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 356 | 8 | 999 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | the incarnation of Prakriti (nature). Valmiki emphasized, however, that Rama was the manifestation of the supreme, and that ultimately there is no distinction between Rama and Sita—they are one.
Sarga 2: King Ambarisha was a great devotee of Vishnu, and one day Vishnu offered him a boon. Ambarisha asked that he always remain absorbed in the supreme bliss of Vishnu (tvayi Vishno paranande nityam me varttatam matih), vowing in return that he would defend all of Vishnu's devotees. Lord Vishnu was pleased and granted the boon, promising that his divine discus would always protect the king.
Sarga 3: Ambarisha had a daughter |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 999, "ep": 8, "ec": 1630} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 999 | 8 | 1,630 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | named Shrimati, beautiful and famous for her virtues and good qualities. The sages Narada and Parvata each desired her for a wife, and so Ambarisha—unable to choose one and incur the wrath of the other—arranged her swayamvara, so that she could decide who should be her husband. Narada and Parvata then independently approached Lord Vishnu, asking that the other be unknowingly appear in the disguise of a monkey, which only Shrimati could see. Lord Vishnu agreed to both, and the two sages proceeded to Shrimati's swayamvara.
Sarga 4: Narada and Parvata attended the swayamvara, both appearing to Shrimati as monkeys, but |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 1630, "ep": 8, "ec": 2229} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 1,630 | 8 | 2,229 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | each imagining himself handsome and irresistible. Lord Vishnu then disguised himself as a human, sitting between them. Shrimati saw the monkey-faced sages before her but of course did not recognize them as Narada and Parvata, and so was surprised when there was no sign of either sage. And so she chose the handsome youth between the two monkey-faced men.
Narada and Parvata then realized what Vishnu had done, and cursed him to be born on earth as a human, and to roam the forests searching for his wife—Shrimati reborn, who would be abducted by an evil being. Lord Vishnu accepted, saying |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 2229, "ep": 8, "ec": 2829} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 2,229 | 8 | 2,829 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | that he would be born as Rama, the son of Dasharatha.
Sarga 5: The Sage Kaushika became famous for his devotional songs, glorifying the greatness of Lord Vishnu. His reputation spread far and wide, and many devotees from every caste became his disciple. His fame spread to the king of Kalinga, who demanded that Kaushika sing devotional songs to him rather than to Vishnu. Kaushika insisted that he could only praise Vishnu, and his disciples held that they could only listen to praises of Vishnu. The king became angry, took away their property, and banished them from the kingdom. When the |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 2829, "ep": 8, "ec": 3460} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 2,829 | 8 | 3,460 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | end of their lives finally arrived, they departed to the world of Brahma, the creator, who took them to Vishnu-loka, the abode of Vishnu, where they lived eternally.
Sarga 6: Vishnu once organized a great festival in honour of Kaushika, featuring many beautiful songs. Millions of celestial maidens attended, as well as Lakshmi, the consort of Vishnu, with her retinue of maid servants. When the featured singer Tumburu was accorded great honour and praise, Narada was offended; and when one of Lakshmi’s maids slighted Narada, he cursed Lakshmi to be born on earth from a rakshasi (demoness). When Narada's anger subsided |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 3460, "ep": 8, "ec": 4054} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 3,460 | 8 | 4,054 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | he became remorseful, and soon thereafter Vishnu and Lakshmi came to assuage his sorrow. Vishnu recommended to Narada that if he wanted to be accorded the same respect as Tumburu, he should study singing with the great Uluka (a being with the form of an Owl) known as Ganabandhu, a master of devotional singing.
Sarga 7: This sarga outlines the basic rules of expert singing. Narada had learned the skill of singing, and imagining himself an expert he proceeded to the abode of Tumburu to better him. At Tumburu's home he was confronted by a collection of beings with mutilated bodies, |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 4054, "ep": 8, "ec": 4663} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 4,054 | 8 | 4,663 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | who explained that they were the embodiments of the musical notes that had been mutilated by Narada's inept singing. Narada realized that he was the victim of his own inflated pride, and sought Vishnu's advice.
Vishnu suggested that he wander as a gandharva celestial musician singing the praises of the Lord until the time of Vishnu's incarnation as Krishna. At that time he should remind Vishnu (as Krishna) of the incident. When Vishnu came to earth as Krishna and was reminded, he sent Narada to various experts until his command of music was almost perfected. Then Krishna himself taught him the |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 4663, "ep": 8, "ec": 5289} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 4,663 | 8 | 5,289 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | best forms of devotional music and song.
Sarga 8: Ravana performed great tapas (austerities) to please Brahma, the creator. When Brahma granted him a boon, he requested eternal life, but Brahma indicated that this was not possible. Ravana then asked that he be invulnerable to the devatas, rakshasas, yakshas, and many other celestial beings; but he did not include humans in the list as they were, in his view, of no consequence. He also asked that he perish should he make advances toward his own daughter.
Emboldened by Brahma's boon, Ravana began his attempts to conquer the three worlds, but his reckless |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 5289, "ep": 8, "ec": 5905} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 5,289 | 8 | 5,905 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | behavior set in motion the events leading to the birth of Sita from his wife Mandodari.
The sarga ends with Janaka’s discovery of Sita in a field while preparing the ground for his yagya.
Sarga 9: The re-telling of the traditional story of Rama begins with Rama's confrontation with Parashurama, while he was returning to Ayodhya from his marriage to Sita. Parashurama had heard that Rama had broken Shiva’s bow (Pinaka), and had come to test him. After strong words between them, Rama strung an arrow on Parashurama's bow, and while shooting it in the direction of Parashurama, he showed his cosmic |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 5905, "ep": 8, "ec": 6519} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 5,905 | 8 | 6,519 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | form as the supreme being. At that moment, the earth shook with great peals of thunder, and flashes of lightning lit the sky. Parashurama, recognizing that Rama was indeed the incarnation of Vishnu, bowed to him and returned to Mt. Mahendra to perform tapas.
Sarga 10: The story moves quickly forward to Sita's abduction by Ravana, following Rama's exile into the dandaka forest. Upon meeting Hanuman, Rama briefly showed him his cosmic form as Vishnu, with Lakshmi and Saraswati on either side; Lakshmana revealed his form as Shesa, the cobra upon whom Vishnu rests; and in turn Hanuman revealed his true |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 6519, "ep": 8, "ec": 7243} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 6,519 | 8 | 7,243 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | nature, though the text does not elaborate upon his true nature (atmanam darshayamasa Hanuman Ramalakshmanau).
Sarga 11: Rama reveals to Hanuman the fundamental tenets of Yoga and Samkhya philosophies, emphasizing their fundamental unity. In his discussion of Atma, which must be understood through the path of jnana as well as experienced through yoga, Rama revealed his own identity with Atma.
Sarga 12: Rama continues his philosophical discourse.
Sarga 13: Rama continues his discourse, identifying himself with that entity of which he has been speaking—that from which the entire creation emerges.
Sarga 14: Rama continues speaking to Hanuman about himself as the progenitor of creation, |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 7243, "ep": 8, "ec": 7823} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 7,243 | 8 | 7,823 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | and all that is, was, and will be.
Sarga 15: Hanuman, meditating upon the form of Rama in his heart, expressed his devotion to Rama as atma, purusha, hiranyagarbha, the source of all creation, and then bowed to him.
Sarga 16: In twenty verses, we see Rama explaining his need to find Ravana and Sita, his departure to Lanka, his conquest of Ravana, and his triumphant return to Ayodhya.
Sarga 17: In the court of Ayodhya, in the presence of saints and seers, Sita noted that the slaying of Ravana was not that big a deal. When she was very young living in |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 7823, "ep": 8, "ec": 8506} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 7,823 | 8 | 8,506 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | her father's home in Janakpura, a Brahmana had passed through and told her of Ravana's older brother, names Sahastra Ravana, one thousand armed and thousand headed, living on an island named Pushkar, he was much more powerful than his younger brother.
Sarga 18: Rama collected his army of monkeys, men, and rakshasas, and departed to conquer Sahastra Ravana. Sahastra Ravana was surprised to see Rama's army deployed against him, but quickly assembled his hordes of rakshasas. This sarga describes the rakshasa army commanders and their weapons in detail.
Sarga 19: A continuation, enumerating the participants in the forthcoming battle.
Sarga 20: The battle |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 8506, "ep": 8, "ec": 9138} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 8,506 | 8 | 9,138 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | begins, a closely fought encounter in which the monkeys gain the upper hand.
Sarga 21: Sahastra Ravana, seeing Rama's army on the verge of victory, decided to participate. Employing the vayavastra weapon, he dispersed Rama's army to the places from which they came: the men to Ayodhya, monkeys to Kishkindha, and the rakshasas to Lanka. Rama was angry, and prepared to engage Sahastra Ravana.
Sarga 22: In their first one-on-one encounter, a fierce and unrelenting battle, Rama employed the Brahmastra, given to him by Agastya. Sahastra Ravana grabbed it with his hand and snapped it in two as though it were straw, |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 9138, "ep": 8, "ec": 9804} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 9,138 | 8 | 9,804 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | dismaying Rama. Sahastra Ravana then shot his own arrow at Rama, rendering him unconscious and bringing widespread consternation.
Sarga 23: Seeing Rama unconscious and helpless on the field, Sita laughed, and giving up her human appearance she took on the exceedingly horrific form of Mahakali. In less than a second, she severed Sahastra Ravana's 1000 heads and began destroying rakshasas everywhere. Innumerable mothers of every type came to the battlefield to sport with Mahakali, playing games with the heads of rakshasas. The earth shook and almost sank into the netherworlds, but was rescued by Shiva disguised as a corpse.
Sarga 24: Realizing |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 9804, "ep": 8, "ec": 10423} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 9,804 | 8 | 10,423 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | that the earth might be destroyed if Sita as Mahakali did not calm down, the Devatas came to appease her. They exclaimed that only through shakti does the supreme lord become accessible. She pointed to the unconscious Rama, making clear that because he was unconscious she could not consider the world's welfare. Brahma restored Rama's consciousness, but as he regained awareness he was frightened of Sita's horrific form. Brahma explained to Rama that she had taken this form to highlight the fact that everything he does—the creation and destruction of the universe, and all other activities can only be accomplished |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 10423, "ep": 8, "ec": 11006} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 10,423 | 8 | 11,006 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | in association with her, with shakti. Rama was satisfied, and his fears allayed.
Sarga 25: Brahma assured Rama that the horrific form before him was indeed Sita, and so he asked her who she really was. She explained that she was the entity within everyone, known as Shiva (with a long a, the shakti of Lord Shiva), who can take one across the ocean of sansara. She then gave Rama “celestial sight” so that he could perceive her divine state. Seeing her true nature, he was thrilled, and praised her by reciting her 1008 names.
Sarga 26: Rama continued to praise her, |
{"datasets_id": 161980, "wiki_id": "Q4680939", "sp": 8, "sc": 11006, "ep": 8, "ec": 11577} | 161,980 | Q4680939 | 8 | 11,006 | 8 | 11,577 | Adbhuta Ramayana | Summary | and at his request she reverted to her form as Sita. They then prepared to return to Ayodhya.
Sarga 27: Rama and Sita mounted the car known as pushpaka, and soon arrived in Ayodhya. Once there, he narrated the story of the elder Ravana's defeat to everyone. They then bade farewell to Sugriva and his army of monkeys as well as to Vibhishana and his army of rakshasas. The sarga concludes with a brief re-counting of Rama's story and an ennumeration of the merits and benefits of hearing the story of the Adbhuta Ramayana (also known as the Adbhutottara Kandam). |
{"datasets_id": 161981, "wiki_id": "Q47272893", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 578} | 161,981 | Q47272893 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 578 | Additional secretary to the Government of India | Additional secretary to the Government of India Additional Secretary (often abbreviated as AS, GoI or Union Additional Secretary or Additional Secretary to Union of India) is a post and a rank under the Central Staffing Scheme of the Government of India. The authority for creation of this post solely rests with Cabinet of India.
Additional secretary is an ex-cadre post, that means can occupy it, but the position holder is mostly a career civil servant, generally from the Indian Administrative Service, and is a government official of high seniority. The civil servants who hold this rank are either from All India |
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{"datasets_id": 161981, "wiki_id": "Q47272893", "sp": 4, "sc": 578, "ep": 4, "ec": 1257} | 161,981 | Q47272893 | 4 | 578 | 4 | 1,257 | Additional secretary to the Government of India | Services (on deputation; on tenure, after empanelment) or Central Civil Services (Group A; on empanelment). All promotions and appointments to this rank and post are directly made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.
In the functioning of Government of India, an additional secretary is the administrative head of a wing in a department. Additional secretaries — on deputation — can senior positions at the United Nations, like as India's permanent representative to UNESCO.
The post is somewhat analogous to a principal secretary in a state government. But because of seniority, office-bearers can hold senior positions like as that of additional chief |
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{"datasets_id": 161981, "wiki_id": "Q47272893", "sp": 4, "sc": 1257, "ep": 8, "ec": 206} | 161,981 | Q47272893 | 4 | 1,257 | 8 | 206 | Additional secretary to the Government of India | History | secretary to a state government, and in Union Territories, they can hold the position of Chief Secretary of a UT government.
Additional secretaries in the Union Government is somewhat analogous to lieutenant general (Level 15/HAG) and equivalent ranks in Indian Armed Forces, but the rank of lieutenant general is placed above on the order of precedence.
Additional secretaries rank 25th on Order of Precedence of India History Sir Richard Tottenham, ICS had once expressed "In my opinion there is, or should be, no distinction of function, but only of pay between a joint and an additional secretary. Additional and joint secretaries |
{"datasets_id": 161981, "wiki_id": "Q47272893", "sp": 8, "sc": 206, "ep": 12, "ec": 625} | 161,981 | Q47272893 | 8 | 206 | 12 | 625 | Additional secretary to the Government of India | History & Powers, responsibilities and postings | should not be either cheap secretaries or expensive deputy secretaries." Powers, responsibilities and postings Additional secretary is the overall in charge with the necessary measure of independent functioning and responsibility of the wing of the department allocated and entrusted to him. An additional secretary in charge of administration also exercises all administrative powers as head of the department wing of the ministry/department.
Additional secretaries and joint secretaries are responsible for filing all affidavits and responses before the Supreme Court of India.
The Prime Minister of India is the final authority on posting and transfer of officers of additional secretary level. Additional secretaries |
{"datasets_id": 161981, "wiki_id": "Q47272893", "sp": 12, "sc": 625, "ep": 20, "ec": 156} | 161,981 | Q47272893 | 12 | 625 | 20 | 156 | Additional secretary to the Government of India | Powers, responsibilities and postings & Position & Reforms and challenges | report to their departmental secretary and ministerial/departmental cabinet minister. Position In the Union government, the members head department wings in the departments and ministries of Union Government.
Government nominated Board members in the Central Public Sector Enterprises/Public Sector Undertakings are either of the rank of additional secretary or joint secretary.
According to the Seventh Central Pay Commission of India, IAS officers hold 98 out of 107 positions of additional secretary in the Government of India. Reforms and challenges Non-IAS civil services have complained to Government of India because of lack of empanelment in the rank/post of additional secretary on numerous occasions. |
{"datasets_id": 161982, "wiki_id": "Q67593748", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 60} | 161,982 | Q67593748 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 60 | Adom Praiz | Artists | Adom Praiz Adom Praiz is an annual gospel music concert taking place at The Perez Dome in Accra, Ghana. It was started in 2009 at the Accra International Conference Centre and organized by Adom FM. The event have been attended by both local and international award-winning gospel musicians and groups. Artists Some notable musicians to have performed the event included: |
{"datasets_id": 161983, "wiki_id": "Q2825063", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 332} | 161,983 | Q2825063 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 332 | Adriana Molinari | Early life & Career | Adriana Molinari Early life She moved to Hampton, New Hampshire from South America with her parents when she was in seventh grade. She was a bathing suit model for a time as a teenager. She is a graduate of Winnacunnet High School. Career Molinari was named Miss Hampton Beach, New Hampshire in 1984 and Miss New Hampshire USA in 1991. She started stripping in 1990 in Massachusetts and failed to place in the 1991 Miss USA pageant. In the Spring of 1991, Miss USA pageant officials stripped her of her crown when a national supermarket tabloid publicly revealed that she |
{"datasets_id": 161983, "wiki_id": "Q2825063", "sp": 10, "sc": 332, "ep": 10, "ec": 723} | 161,983 | Q2825063 | 10 | 332 | 10 | 723 | Adriana Molinari | Career | had been moonlighting as an exotic dancer.
She was a Penthouse Pet in August 1994 under the stage name Alex Taylor and appeared in that adult magazine over thirty times. She has also appeared on the TV shows A Current Affair, Hard Copy, Inside Edition, and Entertainment Tonight.
As of 2008, Molinari had retired from the adult industry and was residing in Orlando, Florida. |
{"datasets_id": 161984, "wiki_id": "Q4686009", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 157} | 161,984 | Q4686009 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 157 | AdvaMed | Policies & Medical Device Tax | AdvaMed Policies AdvaMed’s website states that the organization promotes competitive policies that foster the highest ethical standards, rapid product approvals, appropriate reimbursement, and access to international markets.
The Innovation Agenda identifies five core policy pillars: improving the FDA’s regulatory processes, restructuring CMS’s coverage and payment processes, reforming the U.S. tax system to create a level playing field, improving access to international markets, and supporting the maintenance and growth of an R&D infrastructure. Medical Device Tax AdvaMed has consistently and strongly opposed the 2.3 percent medical device excise tax imposed by the Affordable Care Act in 2013, stating that it harms job |
{"datasets_id": 161984, "wiki_id": "Q4686009", "sp": 10, "sc": 157, "ep": 10, "ec": 798} | 161,984 | Q4686009 | 10 | 157 | 10 | 798 | AdvaMed | Medical Device Tax | creation, deters medical innovation needed to save and improve patients’ lives, and inhibits economic growth.
In 2015, Congress temporarily suspended the medical device excise tax. While AdvaMed supported the suspension, the association continues to push for full and permanent repeal of the tax. Whitaker has stated that “It’s not enough to delay or further suspend this disruptive tax, even if for a longer period of time. It simply does not give industry the certainty and confidence it needs to make these critical long-term R&D investments. The time is now. We stand ready to help this administration, Congress, and the nation |
{"datasets_id": 161984, "wiki_id": "Q4686009", "sp": 10, "sc": 798, "ep": 10, "ec": 1059} | 161,984 | Q4686009 | 10 | 798 | 10 | 1,059 | AdvaMed | Medical Device Tax | get Americans back on the job."
In February 2017, AdvaMed released data from the U.S. Department of Commerce revealing that the U.S. medical technology industry saw its jobs ranks fall by nearly 29,000 while the medical device excise tax was in effect. |
{"datasets_id": 161985, "wiki_id": "Q5037177", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 116} | 161,985 | Q5037177 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 116 | Aegires malinus | Distribution | Aegires malinus Distribution This species was described from Bebbit, Batangas Region, Philippines. It has also been reported from Okinawa, Japan. |
{"datasets_id": 161986, "wiki_id": "Q1576882", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 144} | 161,986 | Q1576882 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 144 | Afonso de Albuquerque Square | Afonso de Albuquerque Square Afonso de Albuquerque Square (Portuguese: Praça Afonso de Albuquerque) is a public square in the Belém district of the city of Lisbon, Portugal. |
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