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{"datasets_id": 161882, "wiki_id": "Q7113610", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 360} | 161,882 | Q7113610 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 360 | Overcompleteness | Examples of overcomplete frames & Applications | Overcompleteness Examples of overcomplete frames In modern analysis in signal processing and other engineering field, various overcomplete frames are proposed and used. Here two common used frames, Gabor frames and wavelet frames, are introduced and discussed. Applications Overcomplete Gabor frames and Wavelet frames have been used in various research area including signal detection, image representation, object recognition, noise reduction, sampling theory, operator theory, harmonic analysis, nonlinear sparse approximation, pseudodifferential operators, wireless communications, geophysics, quantum computing, and filter banks. |
{"datasets_id": 161883, "wiki_id": "Q7120203", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 630} | 161,883 | Q7120203 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 630 | PPSMI | PPSMI Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik Dalam Bahasa Inggeris (PPSMI) (the teaching and learning of science and mathematics in English) is a government policy aimed at improving the command of the English language among pupils at primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. In accordance to this policy, the Science and Mathematics subjects are taught in the English medium as opposed to the Malay medium used before. This policy was introduced in 2003 by the then-Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad. PPSMI has been the subject of debate among academics, politicians and the public alike, which culminated to the |
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{"datasets_id": 161883, "wiki_id": "Q7120203", "sp": 4, "sc": 630, "ep": 8, "ec": 501} | 161,883 | Q7120203 | 4 | 630 | 8 | 501 | PPSMI | History | announcement of the policy's reversal in 2012 by the Deputy Prime Minister, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin. History PPSMI's inception as a Malaysian Government policy was the result of the Cabinet meeting on 19 July 2002 under the administration of the fourth prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad. According to the Malaysian Ministry of Education, the policy would be run in stages, starting with the 2003 school session, pioneered by the all students of Year 1 in primary education level, and Form 1 of the secondary education level. PPSMI was then fully implemented to all secondary students in 2007, and to all primary |
{"datasets_id": 161883, "wiki_id": "Q7120203", "sp": 8, "sc": 501, "ep": 12, "ec": 613} | 161,883 | Q7120203 | 8 | 501 | 12 | 613 | PPSMI | History & Objective | students in 2008. Objective According to the statement regarding PPSMI in the Ministry of Education's website:
The rationale for the decision to change the medium of instruction from the Malay Language to English for the teaching and learning of Science and Mathematics subjects was made based on the government’s concern on the nation’s human capital development towards achieving the standard of a developed country, as well as an early preparation to compete in the era of globalization.
It is widely known that the field of science and mathematics form the basis and have a crucial role in the progress and development of |
{"datasets_id": 161883, "wiki_id": "Q7120203", "sp": 12, "sc": 613, "ep": 12, "ec": 1290} | 161,883 | Q7120203 | 12 | 613 | 12 | 1,290 | PPSMI | Objective | a country. Various innovations and discoveries in these two fields happen rapidly and information access is mostly in the English language.
English language is also the language spoken internationally and mastery in this language would allow easy access to information in these fields.
In conclusion, the policy decision to implement PPSMI was made to ensure students’ mastery in science and mathematics in view of the fact that most of the sources are available in the English language. Indirectly, it is also hoped that the implementation of PPSMI would contribute to the enhancing of students’ command of the language.
When proposing the policy, Tun |
{"datasets_id": 161883, "wiki_id": "Q7120203", "sp": 12, "sc": 1290, "ep": 12, "ec": 1589} | 161,883 | Q7120203 | 12 | 1,290 | 12 | 1,589 | PPSMI | Objective | Dr. Mahathir was in the opinion that Malaysia's progress is declining in the age of globalisation, and he had hoped that this policy gives a competitive edge to the nation, following the footsteps of Singapore and India which are moving forward because of their utilisation of the English language. |
{"datasets_id": 161884, "wiki_id": "Q7123720", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 191} | 161,884 | Q7123720 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 191 | Padgate railway station | Facilities & Services | Padgate railway station Facilities The station is unstaffed, so passengers boarding at this station purchase their tickets from the ticket machines or from a train conductor. Waiting shelters and timetable posters are located on each platform and there is step-free access on both sides.
The station building is of typical Cheshire Lines Committee design and houses a fish and chip shop. Services There is an hourly service in each direction to Manchester Oxford Road and to Liverpool Lime Street, with extra services in the peak hours. There are no services from this station on Sundays. |
{"datasets_id": 161885, "wiki_id": "Q7150024", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 59} | 161,885 | Q7150024 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 59 | Paul Crook (rugby league, born 1974) | Background | Paul Crook (rugby league, born 1974) Background Paul Crook was born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire. |
{"datasets_id": 161886, "wiki_id": "Q1188691", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 563} | 161,886 | Q1188691 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 563 | Peace Bridge | History | Peace Bridge History The building of the Peace Bridge was approved by the International Joint Commission on August 6, 1925. Edward Lupfer served as chief engineer. A major obstacle to building the bridge was the swift river current, which averages 7.5 to 12 miles per hour (12.1 to 19.3 km/h). Construction began in 1925 and was completed in the spring of 1927. On March 13, 1927, Lupfer drove the first car across the bridge. On June 1, 1927, the bridge was opened to the public.
The official opening ceremony was held two months later, on August 7, 1927, with about 100,000 |
{"datasets_id": 161886, "wiki_id": "Q1188691", "sp": 6, "sc": 563, "ep": 6, "ec": 1237} | 161,886 | Q1188691 | 6 | 563 | 6 | 1,237 | Peace Bridge | History | in attendance. The festivities were transmitted to the public via radio in the first international coast-to-coast broadcast. Newspapers at the time estimated that as many as 50 million listeners may have heard the broadcast.
The dignitaries who took part in the dedication ceremonies included The Prince of Wales (the future Edward VIII), Prince George, Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, U.S. Vice President Charles Dawes, Secretary of State Frank Kellogg, New York Governor Al Smith and Ontario Premier Howard Ferguson.
When the bridge opened, Buffalo and Fort Erie each became the chief port of |
{"datasets_id": 161886, "wiki_id": "Q1188691", "sp": 6, "sc": 1237, "ep": 10, "ec": 136} | 161,886 | Q1188691 | 6 | 1,237 | 10 | 136 | Peace Bridge | History & Alternatives | entry to their respective countries from the other. At the time it was the only vehicular bridge on the Great Lakes from Niagara Falls to New York. The bridge remains one of North America's important commercial ports with four thousand trucks crossing it daily.
After new toll facilities were installed on the Canadian side in 2005, the Peace Bridge became the first E-ZPass facility outside the United States. There are no fees for entering the US. Alternatives The Peace Bridge is one of the busiest on the Canada–United States border, with over one million trucks crossing it each year and delays |
{"datasets_id": 161886, "wiki_id": "Q1188691", "sp": 10, "sc": 136, "ep": 14, "ec": 311} | 161,886 | Q1188691 | 10 | 136 | 14 | 311 | Peace Bridge | Alternatives & Customs inspection and toll plazas | of up to almost four hours. Other nearby bridges between the United States and Canada include the Rainbow Bridge, the Queenston-Lewiston Bridge and the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge. The Queenston-Lewiston Bridge and the Peace Bridge are the only Niagara River crossings that allow heavy trucks. Customs inspection and toll plazas There are customs plazas at both ends of the bridge, with the Canadian plaza the newer and larger of the two.
The inbound customs plaza in the United States has seven lanes for trucks and nine for cars. Pedestrians and cyclists are processed to the left of the truck inspection area.
The inbound |
{"datasets_id": 161886, "wiki_id": "Q1188691", "sp": 14, "sc": 311, "ep": 14, "ec": 888} | 161,886 | Q1188691 | 14 | 311 | 14 | 888 | Peace Bridge | Customs inspection and toll plazas | customs plaza in Canada was designed by NORR Limited Architects and Engineers and completed in 2010. There are 14 booths/lanes for cars and a separate area for trucks (handling five trucks at a time). Pedestrians and cyclists are processed in an area on the right side of the inspection area for cars.
Once vehicles leave the customs plaza in Canada vehicles approach a smaller toll plaza to pay toll for using the Peace Bridge. Payment for tolls are either cash (US or Canadian), EZPass, as well as old Peace Bridge tokens. There are no toll booths on the US side and |
{"datasets_id": 161886, "wiki_id": "Q1188691", "sp": 14, "sc": 888, "ep": 22, "ec": 114} | 161,886 | Q1188691 | 14 | 888 | 22 | 114 | Peace Bridge | Customs inspection and toll plazas & Preclearance & Road connections | no tolls for pedestrians or cyclists. Preclearance In October 2012 it was announced by the DHS and Public Safety Canada that a pilot program, years in the works, to preclear all truck traffic from Canada into Buffalo would be commenced. The pilot would start in late December 2012 and run for 18 months, after which the economic benefits would be assessed and its feasibility to make permanent would then be recommended to both U.S Congress and Canadian Parliament. Road connections On the New York side, Interstate 190 has a direct northbound off-ramp (exit 9) onto the Peace Bridge. This exit is |
{"datasets_id": 161886, "wiki_id": "Q1188691", "sp": 22, "sc": 114, "ep": 22, "ec": 244} | 161,886 | Q1188691 | 22 | 114 | 22 | 244 | Peace Bridge | Road connections | signed as "Ft Erie Can" on I-190. On the Ontario side, the Queen Elizabeth Way begins after (and ends at) Canadian Customs plaza. |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 625} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 625 | Pelagia noctiluca | Distribution, habitat and taxonomy | Pelagia noctiluca Distribution, habitat and taxonomy This jellyfish is best known from the North Atlantic region, ranging from 4th parallel north (just north of Equator) to the North Sea and Atlantic Canada, including the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico.
There are reports from most other tropical or warm temperate seas around the world, including both the Pacific and Indian Oceans, with its apparent southern limit being 42nd parallel south. Some of the locations are California (rare), Hawaii (rare), and all around Australia (common). However, it is suspected that Pelagia noctiluca—as currently defined—is a species complex with records outside the North Atlantic |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 6, "sc": 625, "ep": 6, "ec": 1284} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 6 | 625 | 6 | 1,284 | Pelagia noctiluca | Distribution, habitat and taxonomy | region involving other closely related species that presently are unrecognized or undescribed. Even North Atlantic and South Atlantic populations show significant genetic differences. A comprehensive taxonomic review is necessary to resolve the situation. In 2014, a second species in the genus Pelagia was described from the Mediterranean, but two years later it was moved to its own genus as Mawia benovici.
The swimming ability of Pelagia noctiluca is limited and as a result large swarms (also known as blooms) of this oceanic species are occasionally carried by the wind or current to inshore areas, sometimes ending up stranded on beaches. This |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 6, "sc": 1284, "ep": 6, "ec": 1926} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 6 | 1,284 | 6 | 1,926 | Pelagia noctiluca | Distribution, habitat and taxonomy | also means that the species sometimes appears in waters outside its normal temperature preference, with records as far north as the Shetland Islands and the Norwegian deep. It generally occurs at water temperatures between 10 and 27 °C (50–81 °F), but below 11 °C (52 °F) it stops pulsating. It mostly ranges from the surface to a depth of 150 m (490 ft), but has been recorded to 1,400 m (4,600 ft). Pelagia noctiluca partakes in the diel vertical migration, occurring near the surface at night and deeper during the day.
Local populations fluctuate greatly and the species may go virtually unrecorded in a region for years, only to |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 6, "sc": 1926, "ep": 10, "ec": 378} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 6 | 1,926 | 10 | 378 | Pelagia noctiluca | Distribution, habitat and taxonomy & Bioluminescence | suddenly reappear in huge swarms. On occasion, a swarm may cover tens of square kilometers, include millions of Pelagia noctiluca, and reach densities of more than 500 individuals per m³ (14 per ft³). Bioluminescence P. noctiluca are bioluminescent, i.e. have an ability to produce a low light that is visible to humans during the night. Light is emitted in the form of flashes when the medusa is stimulated by turbulence created by waves or by a ship's motion. This flashing is only of relatively short duration and gradually fades. A very early description of bioluminescence was provided by |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 10, "sc": 378, "ep": 14, "ec": 449} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 10 | 378 | 14 | 449 | Pelagia noctiluca | Bioluminescence & Life cycle and reproduction | Pliny the Elder in Historia Naturalis (77 AD), using the name "pulmo marinus", and now considered to refer to P. noctiluca. Life cycle and reproduction P. noctiluca is adapted to a pelagic, open-sea mode of life. Whereas most jellyfish, including the other species in the family Pelagiidae, have a life cycle with both the free-swimming stages (planula, ephyra and medusa) and a bottom-living polyp stage, P. noctiluca has adapted in such a way that the polyp stage is absent. P. noctiluca reproduces sexually with the male and female spawning respectively sperm and eggs into the sea during daylight |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 14, "sc": 449, "ep": 14, "ec": 1049} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 14 | 449 | 14 | 1,049 | Pelagia noctiluca | Life cycle and reproduction | hours. After 3 days, the fertilized egg develops into a planula; at this stage movement is only done by ciliary action. After a week, planulae develop into tiny ephyrae and a month later they develop into (male or female) medusae. There is little or no ephyra growth at temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F), and fewer survive below 8 °C (46 °F). The bottom-living polyp stage of most other jellyfish species is in between the planula and ephyra stages. Initially, the medusa of P. noctiluca only has a bell diameter of about 1 cm (0.4 in). Some already reach maturity at 3.5 cm (1.4 in) in bell diameter |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 14, "sc": 1049, "ep": 18, "ec": 283} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 14 | 1,049 | 18 | 283 | Pelagia noctiluca | Life cycle and reproduction & Feeding | and at 6 cm (2.4 in) all are mature. In the Mediterranean Sea, P. noctiluca appear to mostly spawn between the late summer and early winter, but also at lower levels in the spring to early summer. Large swarms of adults at the ocean surface in certain times of the year possibly are spawning aggregations. This jellyfish typically lives for about 9 months. Feeding P. noctiluca are opportunistic and have been recorded feeding on a wide range of small organisms like planktonic crustaceans (cladocerans, copepods, ostracods and crustacean larvae), mollusk larvae, larvaceans, hydromedusae, siphonophorans, arrow worms, fish eggs and fish larvae, as |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 18, "sc": 283, "ep": 18, "ec": 964} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 18 | 283 | 18 | 964 | Pelagia noctiluca | Feeding | well as detritus suspended in the open water and microscopic phytoplankton. The phytoplankton can be consumed either directly or indirectly by eating herbivorous crustaceans with stomachs filled with it. The ability to eat phytoplankton is—as far as known—highly unusual among cnidarians. P. noctiluca will eat small warty comb jellies (Mnemiopsis leidyi), potentially helping to control this invasive species. Cannibalism where adults consume young of their own species is also common in P. noctiluca.
Feeding reactions were studied by Bozler (1926), where a piece of food was given to the marginal tentacle, the tentacle contracted quickly. There was a slow contraction |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 18, "sc": 964, "ep": 22, "ec": 214} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 18 | 964 | 22 | 214 | Pelagia noctiluca | Feeding & Sting | of the coronal muscle which brought the tentacle nearer to the mouth. The food was grasped by the lip of one of the oral arm and transported slowly along until it reached the stomach. They were found to feed on the salp Thalia democratica; however, they are found mainly to feed by taking food particle by the amoeboid process of the endoderm cells, thus being suspension feeders. Sting P. noctiluca is considered the most important stinging jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea. Both its tentacles and—unusual among jellyfish—the bell are covered in cnidocytes (stinging cells), and even recently dead, |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 22, "sc": 214, "ep": 22, "ec": 841} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 22 | 214 | 22 | 841 | Pelagia noctiluca | Sting | stranded individuals can sting. The sting causes pain that typically lasts 1–2 weeks, local redness, swelling and a rash, but it is generally not dangerous and there are no known fatalities. On occasion, symptoms may be more general and include dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea. Sudden recurrent skin eruptions may occur years later. Rarely, the sting can cause a serious allergic reaction and leave scars or hyperpigmented marks on the skin that can remain for years after the encounter. If stung by P. noctiluca there can be cross-reactivity (an allergic reaction) if later stung by Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis) |
{"datasets_id": 161887, "wiki_id": "Q1354572", "sp": 22, "sc": 841, "ep": 22, "ec": 1209} | 161,887 | Q1354572 | 22 | 841 | 22 | 1,209 | Pelagia noctiluca | Sting | or sea nettles (Chrysaora). There is one known case where a sting by P. noctiluca caused Guillain–Barré syndrome, but all symptoms disappeared within 6 months. Peculiarly, there is a record of a seven-arm octopus "borrowing" the stinging capability of a P. noctiluca. The open-sea octopus grabbed and positioned the jellyfish in such a way that it provided a defense. |
{"datasets_id": 161888, "wiki_id": "Q39045333", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 69} | 161,888 | Q39045333 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 69 | Peter Daou | Early life | Peter Daou Peter Daou (born April 25, 1965) is a Democratic strategist who has advised major political figures, including Hillary Clinton, Arlen Specter, and John Kerry. He was described by the New York Times as "one of the most prominent political bloggers in the nation." The Washington Post said that his early work in digital politics helped innovate "a whole new way of campaigning." Daou is a former producer / engineer / keyboardist. He is the author of Digital Civil War: Confronting the Far-Right Menace. Early life An American who grew up in Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War, Daou |
{"datasets_id": 161888, "wiki_id": "Q39045333", "sp": 8, "sc": 69, "ep": 12, "ec": 289} | 161,888 | Q39045333 | 8 | 69 | 12 | 289 | Peter Daou | Early life & Music career | survived some of the most brutal urban warfare of the 20th century. At 15, he was conscripted by the Lebanese Forces (a Christian militia) and underwent three years of military training. He attended the American University of Beirut, and amid ongoing strife in Lebanon, moved to New York to study philosophy at NYU. Music career During the 90s, Daou was a sought-after producer and keyboardist, appearing on hundreds of recordings by artists ranging from Björk to Miles Davis to Mariah Carey. An accomplished jazz pianist, he produced three #1 Billboard Club singles and was signed to Columbia/Sony and Universal Music |
{"datasets_id": 161888, "wiki_id": "Q39045333", "sp": 12, "sc": 289, "ep": 20, "ec": 224} | 161,888 | Q39045333 | 12 | 289 | 20 | 224 | Peter Daou | Music career & Huffington Post & Political campaigns | Group. He toured the U.S. and Europe, and was featured in Vibe, Spin, Billboard, and TIME. Huffington Post Daou and James Boyce claimed to have performed a founding role in the Huffington Post and said they were shut out of any profits from its sale to AOL. A suit was filed in 2010 by Daou and Boyce, which was settled in 2014. Political campaigns Daou was an online communications adviser to John Kerry's 2004 campaign, and led Hillary Clinton's digital operation in her 2008 campaign. During the 2020 primaries, Daou penned a widely-shared op-ed for The Nation in which |
{"datasets_id": 161888, "wiki_id": "Q39045333", "sp": 20, "sc": 224, "ep": 24, "ec": 138} | 161,888 | Q39045333 | 20 | 224 | 24 | 138 | Peter Daou | Political campaigns & Digital media | he implored Democrats, progressives, and leftists to table their 2016 differences and avoid a fight over the candidacy of Bernie Sanders. In July 2019, Daou became Senior Adviser to the campaign of Lindsey Boylan for Congress. Digital media Daou was the prior chief executive of Shareblue and the co-founder of the media platform Verrit, which was placed on hiatus in early 2018. |
{"datasets_id": 161889, "wiki_id": "Q7174629", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 598} | 161,889 | Q7174629 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 598 | Peter Henley | Career | Peter Henley Career Beginning his media career at BBC Radio Leicester while still at university, Peter went on to Pennine Radio, where he was a reporter and newsreader for the Bradford station. He moved to Radio 210 in Reading, where he won a Sony award for coverage of the Clapham rail crash.
Switching from radio to television, Peter became a reporter for southern ITV franchisee Television South, filing special reports from Saudi Arabia during the Gulf War, and covering the weeks in which Michael Heseltine fought to replace Margaret Thatcher. When TVS lost its ITV franchise, Peter transferred to the new |
{"datasets_id": 161889, "wiki_id": "Q7174629", "sp": 6, "sc": 598, "ep": 6, "ec": 1258} | 161,889 | Q7174629 | 6 | 598 | 6 | 1,258 | Peter Henley | Career | contractor, Meridian Broadcasting as a reporter and played a part in launching Meridian's Thames Valley news service. It was while here that he became one of Meridian's political correspondents, fronting Meridian's political coverage of the 1997 general election, a role he later repeated in the 2001 election.
In the autumn of 2001, Peter transferred to the BBC to become BBC South's health correspondent. He soon after took his current role as political editor. His role includes presenting the regional section of Sunday Politics, broadcast weekly, and reporting on political stories on the regional television news programme South Today and on the |
{"datasets_id": 161889, "wiki_id": "Q7174629", "sp": 6, "sc": 1258, "ep": 6, "ec": 1884} | 161,889 | Q7174629 | 6 | 1,258 | 6 | 1,884 | Peter Henley | Career | region's local radio stations Radio Berkshire, Radio Oxford and Radio Solent. He also occasionally appears on the BBC News Channel reporting on political issues in the south, and has reported from the Portsmouth and Romsey counts at the 2005 and 2010 general elections for the national BBC election programmes.
Part of Peter's popularity is sourced from the way in which he connects with the viewer. His belief that people should care about what happens in Westminster and how is affects local people, often results in their opinions being heard and voiced. His programme is often broadcast from a public location and |
{"datasets_id": 161889, "wiki_id": "Q7174629", "sp": 6, "sc": 1884, "ep": 10, "ec": 73} | 161,889 | Q7174629 | 6 | 1,884 | 10 | 73 | Peter Henley | Career & Personal life | audiences are occasionally used. Peter's use of technology has always extended this bond with the viewer. Text messages and responses left on social media sites are often posed to the panel on his programme, and he keeps the public informed through his BBC News correspondents blog, and his Henley's Hustings blog before it. Facebook and Twitter are also used, with his following '@BBCPeter H'.
This dedication recently saw him receive the (RTA) Royal Television Award for journalist of the year 2009 in the South of England. Personal life Peter was born in 1964, and studied at the University of Leicester, where |
{"datasets_id": 161889, "wiki_id": "Q7174629", "sp": 10, "sc": 73, "ep": 10, "ec": 362} | 161,889 | Q7174629 | 10 | 73 | 10 | 362 | Peter Henley | Personal life | he read philosophy. Peter is married to Samantha Reed, a counsellor, with three sons, Ben, Harry and Toby, and lives in the New Forest in Hampshire.
Peter enjoys a range of hobbies, including playing golf and cricket - as well as pursuing his love for technology and classic cars. |
{"datasets_id": 161890, "wiki_id": "Q7178832", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 76} | 161,890 | Q7178832 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 76 | Petrit Ago | Family Links | Petrit Ago Family Links Ago is also father of the Albanian American movie Actor and Model, Erbi Ago. |
{"datasets_id": 161891, "wiki_id": "Q7183562", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 15} | 161,891 | Q7183562 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 15 | Philip Francis Pocock | Early years & Later years | Philip Francis Pocock Early years Born St. Thomas, Ontario, and studied at St. Peter's Seminary, London, Ontario. In 1933 he left his parish to study canon law in Rome (graduating with a doctorate in canon law from the Angelicum University in 1934). He was ordained a priest in 1930 and became a professor at St. Peter's Seminary in London, Ontario, teaching moral theology and canon law.
He was appointed Bishop of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in 1944 and Apostolic Administrator of Winnipeg and Titular Archbishop of Aprus in 1951. The following year he succeeded as Archbishop of Winnipeg. Later years In 1961, Pocock |
{"datasets_id": 161891, "wiki_id": "Q7183562", "sp": 10, "sc": 15, "ep": 14, "ec": 358} | 161,891 | Q7183562 | 10 | 15 | 14 | 358 | Philip Francis Pocock | Later years & Return to parish Work | left Winnipeg and became Coadjutor Archbishop of Toronto and Titular Archbishop of Isauropolis to assist the then ailing archbishop, Cardinal James Charles McGuigan.
He succeeded as Archbishop of Toronto in 1971 and served until he resigned in 1978. Return to parish Work He resigned as archbishop in 1978 and returned to life as a parish priest at St Mary's Parish in Brampton, Ontario. At St. Mary's, Pocock remained active as a priest, celebrating mass, confirmations, and visiting a senior citizens' home. He was later given the title of Archbishop Emeritus of Toronto.
He died on September 6, 1984 and was interred in |
{"datasets_id": 161891, "wiki_id": "Q7183562", "sp": 14, "sc": 358, "ep": 14, "ec": 401} | 161,891 | Q7183562 | 14 | 358 | 14 | 401 | Philip Francis Pocock | Return to parish Work | Holy Cross Cemetery in Thornhill, Ontario. |
{"datasets_id": 161892, "wiki_id": "Q1485122", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 326} | 161,892 | Q1485122 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 326 | Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario) | Geography & Headwaters | Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario) Geography The Pigeon River flows in an easterly direction out of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness for 31.2 miles (50.2 km) until it drains into Lake Superior. The Pigeon is one of the larger rivers on Superior's North Shore. Headwaters The Pigeon River originates from a chain of lakes along the US-Canada border, the highest of which, and furthest west, is Mountain Lake. Among the Pigeon's tributaries is the Arrow River of Ontario which rises in South Lake, west of and at a lower elevation than Mountain Lake. South Lake is separated only by a narrow isthmus |
{"datasets_id": 161892, "wiki_id": "Q1485122", "sp": 10, "sc": 326, "ep": 14, "ec": 230} | 161,892 | Q1485122 | 10 | 326 | 14 | 230 | Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario) | Headwaters & Lower course | from North Lake in the Rainy River watershed. This isthmus is a part of the Northern (or Laurentian) Continental divide, and is crossed by the Height of Land Portage. The fur-trading Voyageurs and coureurs des bois would cross this divide and travel downstream on the Rainy River and Winnipeg River to Lake Winnipeg, from which routes branched out into fur-producing areas of the Canadian northwest. Lower course Below South Fowl Lake, the Pigeon River alternates between navigable waters and cascades or waterfalls. As the river nears Lake Superior, the gradient increases, culminating in a spectacular gorge including two notable waterfalls: |
{"datasets_id": 161892, "wiki_id": "Q1485122", "sp": 14, "sc": 230, "ep": 14, "ec": 851} | 161,892 | Q1485122 | 14 | 230 | 14 | 851 | Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario) | Lower course | High Falls, at 120 feet (37 m) the highest waterfall in Minnesota, and Middle Falls. This gorge is included within both Grand Portage State Park in Cook County, Minnesota, and Pigeon River Provincial Park (9.49 km²) across the border in Thunder Bay District, Ontario. Its lower course also forms the northern boundary of the Grand Portage Indian Reservation.
A 9-mile (14 km) portage, known as Grand Portage and used for hundreds of years by canoe travelers, bypasses these lower waterfalls and reaches Lake Superior a few miles from the mouth of the river. This historic area is protected as a part of the Grand |
{"datasets_id": 161892, "wiki_id": "Q1485122", "sp": 14, "sc": 851, "ep": 18, "ec": 534} | 161,892 | Q1485122 | 14 | 851 | 18 | 534 | Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario) | Lower course & History | Portage National Monument and is within the Rove Formation. History Up to the 19th century, the river was a primary water route for fur traders, and even earlier, for Native Americans, leading to the Lake of the Woods and thence to western Canada and Hudson Bay. The Montreal-based North West Company had a post at the community of Grand Portage on the shore of Lake Superior until 1801 when difficulties with the U.S. government following the adoption of the Jay Treaty obliged it to relocate to the Kaministiquia River in British territory.
The region was extensively logged for white and red |
{"datasets_id": 161892, "wiki_id": "Q1485122", "sp": 18, "sc": 534, "ep": 18, "ec": 1145} | 161,892 | Q1485122 | 18 | 534 | 18 | 1,145 | Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario) | History | pine in the early part of the 20th century. An "outlaw" bridge across the river was built by residents of Thunder Bay, Ontario, and opened on August 18, 1917, to permit access to Minnesota. The Canadian road leading to the customs and immigration facilities at the bridge was initially known as the "Scott Highway" after lumberman William Scott, and was designated as King's Highway 61 in 1937. Later the Pigeon River Bridge was built downstream and the "outlaw bridge" was removed.
The river's English name is a translation of the 18th century French name Rivière aux Tourtres or Tourtes derived after |
{"datasets_id": 161892, "wiki_id": "Q1485122", "sp": 18, "sc": 1145, "ep": 18, "ec": 1472} | 161,892 | Q1485122 | 18 | 1,145 | 18 | 1,472 | Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario) | History | the passenger pigeon which was once prolific in this region. The smaller European bird was known to the French as "tourtre", but in New France the North American bird was called "tourte" and was baked into a pie pastry called tourtière in Quebec. In modern French the bird is known as the tourte voyageuse or pigeon migrateur. |
{"datasets_id": 161893, "wiki_id": "Q15070617", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 443} | 161,893 | Q15070617 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 443 | Poker Alice (film) | Plot | Poker Alice (film) Plot Alice Moffat, a professional gambler, comes to 1880s Arizona to attempt to beat anyone she can find at her favorite game, poker: that is why she is called 'Poker Alice'. Along the way, she wins a hand and also wins a brothel
where the allure of sex and money are tempting. Interested in staying a gambler, she must find a way to leave being a madam and decide whether she will choose as her fiance her cousin John or the local sheriff. |
{"datasets_id": 161894, "wiki_id": "Q2473917", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 647} | 161,894 | Q2473917 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 647 | Polish Figure Skating Championships | Polish Figure Skating Championships The Polish Figure Skating Championships (Polish: Mistrzostwa Polski w łyżwiarstwie figurowym) are a figure skating competition held annually to determine the national medalists of Poland. The event has been held annually since 1922. Medals may be awarded in the disciplines of men's singles (since 1922), ladies' singles (since 1930), pair skating (since 1922), ice dancing (since 1956), and synchronized skating.
Due to the Partitions of Poland between 1772 and 1918, some skaters of Polish origin may have competed in the Austrian, German, or Russian Championships. In the 2008–09 season, Poland and its two southern neighbors, the Czech |
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{"datasets_id": 161894, "wiki_id": "Q2473917", "sp": 4, "sc": 647, "ep": 12, "ec": 89} | 161,894 | Q2473917 | 4 | 647 | 12 | 89 | Polish Figure Skating Championships | Junior medalists & Advanced novice medalists | Republic and Slovakia, began holding their national championships together, alternating the host each year. The Three National Championships became the Four National Championships when Hungary joined in the 2013–14 season. The results in each discipline are separated according to nationality to form each country's national standings. Junior medalists The early results for the junior categories are partial due to the lack of information on it, as well as on the exact time of the first Junior Polish National Championships being held. Advanced novice medalists The early results for the novice categories are partial due to the lack of information on |
{"datasets_id": 161894, "wiki_id": "Q2473917", "sp": 12, "sc": 89, "ep": 12, "ec": 184} | 161,894 | Q2473917 | 12 | 89 | 12 | 184 | Polish Figure Skating Championships | Advanced novice medalists | it, as well as on the exact time of the first Novice Polish National Championships being held. |
{"datasets_id": 161895, "wiki_id": "Q7241103", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 402} | 161,895 | Q7241103 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 402 | Presidency of Nelson Mandela | 1995 & 1996 | Presidency of Nelson Mandela 1995 When Mandela began his term on 10 May 1994, he presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation. 1996 Mandela encouraged black South Africans to get behind the previously hated Springboks (the South African national rugby team) as South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup. (This is the theme of the 2009 film Invictus.) After the Springboks won an epic final over New Zealand, Mandela presented the trophy to captain Francois Pienaar, an Afrikaner, wearing a Springbok shirt with Pienaar's own number |
{"datasets_id": 161895, "wiki_id": "Q7241103", "sp": 10, "sc": 402, "ep": 14, "ec": 270} | 161,895 | Q7241103 | 10 | 402 | 14 | 270 | Presidency of Nelson Mandela | 1996 & Lockerbie trial | 6 on the back. This was widely seen as a major step in the reconciliation of white and black South Africans.
In 1996, Mandela divorced his estranged wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Thabo Mbeki became the sole deputy president of South Africa in June as a result of F. W. de Klerk's resignation from joint office. Lockerbie trial President Mandela took a particular interest in helping to resolve the long-running dispute between Gaddafi's Libya, on one hand, and the United States and UK on the other, over bringing to trial the two Libyans who were indicted in November 1991, and accused of bombing |
{"datasets_id": 161895, "wiki_id": "Q7241103", "sp": 14, "sc": 270, "ep": 14, "ec": 842} | 161,895 | Q7241103 | 14 | 270 | 14 | 842 | Presidency of Nelson Mandela | Lockerbie trial | Pan Am Flight 103, which subsequently broke apart and fell to and near the Scottish town of Lockerbie on 21 December 1988, with the loss of 270 lives. As early as 1992, Mandela informally approached President George H.W. Bush with a proposal to have the two indicted Libyans tried in a third country. Bush reacted favourably to the proposal, as did President François Mitterrand of France and King Juan Carlos I of Spain. In November 1994 – six months after his election as president – Mandela formally proposed that South Africa should be the venue for the Pan Am Flight |
{"datasets_id": 161895, "wiki_id": "Q7241103", "sp": 14, "sc": 842, "ep": 18, "ec": 182} | 161,895 | Q7241103 | 14 | 842 | 18 | 182 | Presidency of Nelson Mandela | Lockerbie trial & 1998 | 103 bombing trial.
However, UK Prime Minister John Major flatly rejected the idea saying the British government did not have confidence in foreign courts. A further three years elapsed until Mandela's offer was repeated to Major's successor, Tony Blair, when Mandela visited London in July 1997. Later during the same year, at the 1997 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) at Edinburgh in October 1997, Mandela warned:
"No one nation should be complainant, prosecutor and judge." 1998 In South Africa's first post-apartheid military operation, acting president Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi (who was South Africa's third in command after Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki) |
{"datasets_id": 161895, "wiki_id": "Q7241103", "sp": 18, "sc": 182, "ep": 26, "ec": 72} | 161,895 | Q7241103 | 18 | 182 | 26 | 72 | Presidency of Nelson Mandela | 1998 & 1999 & End of term | ordered troops into Lesotho in September 1998 to protect the government of Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili. This came after a disputed election prompted fierce opposition threatening the unstable government.
Also in 1998, Mandela married Graça Machel, the widow of former Mozambican president Samora Machel. 1999 A compromise solution was then agreed for a trial to be held at Camp Zeist in the Netherlands, governed by Scots law, and President Mandela began negotiations with Colonel Gaddafi for the handover of the two accused (Megrahi and Fhimah) in April 1999. End of term The 1996 constitution limited the president to two consecutive five-year |
{"datasets_id": 161895, "wiki_id": "Q7241103", "sp": 26, "sc": 72, "ep": 30, "ec": 183} | 161,895 | Q7241103 | 26 | 72 | 30 | 183 | Presidency of Nelson Mandela | End of term & AIDS/HIV policy | terms. Mandela did not attempt to have the document amended to remove the two-term limit; indeed, he had only intended to serve one term, age being a strong factor in this decision. Mandela left office on 14 June 1999. He was succeeded by Mbeki, who was inaugurated to the presidency on 16 June. Mandela retired from active politics, and became, for several years afterward, engaged in a number of philanthropic activities. AIDS/HIV policy Commentators and critics including AIDS activists such as Edwin Cameron have criticised Mandela for his government's ineffectiveness in stemming the AIDS crisis. After his retirement, |
{"datasets_id": 161895, "wiki_id": "Q7241103", "sp": 30, "sc": 183, "ep": 34, "ec": 145} | 161,895 | Q7241103 | 30 | 183 | 34 | 145 | Presidency of Nelson Mandela | AIDS/HIV policy & Clothing design | Mandela admitted that he may have failed his country by not paying more attention to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. After that Mandela spoke out on several occasions against the AIDS epidemic. Clothing design After assuming the presidency, one of Mandela's trademarks was his use of Batik T-shirts, known as the "Madiba shirts", even on formal occasions. |
{"datasets_id": 161896, "wiki_id": "Q610738", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 524} | 161,896 | Q610738 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 524 | Prince Maurice of Savoy | Life | Prince Maurice of Savoy Life He was the son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain. Aged 14, in 1607, he became cardinal and bishop of Vercelli. On 4 June 1627 he became the abbot of the monastery at Abondance and in 1637, on the death of his elder brother Victor Amadeus I, he and his brother Thomas claimed the regency of the duchy against Victor Amadeus's widow Christine Marie of France, but the king supported Christine and confirmed her as regent. In 1642 he left the clergy to become prince of Oneglia (1642) |
{"datasets_id": 161896, "wiki_id": "Q610738", "sp": 6, "sc": 524, "ep": 6, "ec": 789} | 161,896 | Q610738 | 6 | 524 | 6 | 789 | Prince Maurice of Savoy | Life | and marquis of Berzezio (1648). On 28 August 1642 he married his brother Victor Amadeus's daughter Louise-Christine of Savoy (1629-1692) in Turin.
It was Maurice who owned the future Villa della Regina and was an inhabitant of the future Palazzo Chiablese. |
{"datasets_id": 161897, "wiki_id": "Q7246477", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 533} | 161,897 | Q7246477 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 533 | Priya Ravichandran | Early life and education | Priya Ravichandran Early life and education Priya hails from Salem - a small town in the State of Tamilnadu .Her father Nalliyappan is a successful Chartered Accountant and businessman who has been inspiring her to get into the Public Service. She says "My father always used to talk about the authority and opportunity that a Public servant is bestowed with for selfless service .He gave me all the opportunities to become one . There was no Gender discrimination at home ". Since then she had nurtured her dreams of becoming a Public servant .She completed her schooling in |
{"datasets_id": 161897, "wiki_id": "Q7246477", "sp": 6, "sc": 533, "ep": 6, "ec": 1154} | 161,897 | Q7246477 | 6 | 533 | 6 | 1,154 | Priya Ravichandran | Early life and education | Cluny Matriculation School and St Josephs Girls Higher Secondary school at Salem .She obtained her bachelor's degree in corporate secretariatship at Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai. She completed her Masters and M. Phil in Sociology at Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi. She took up the Public Services Examination in the year 1999. She began her service for the country as the Batch (TNPSC Group-1) Divisional Officer, Fire and Rescue Service-2003 when she was 26 years old .She was then a mother of two months old baby and yet she underwent rigorous physical training . She completed her Divisional Officer course |
{"datasets_id": 161897, "wiki_id": "Q7246477", "sp": 6, "sc": 1154, "ep": 10, "ec": 356} | 161,897 | Q7246477 | 6 | 1,154 | 10 | 356 | Priya Ravichandran | Early life and education & Career | at National Fire Service College, Nagpur, with distinction and underwent training at the Fire Service College, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire, England.
She is married to Ravichandran an IRS officer who is currently the Additional Director of International Taxation.She is the mother of two daughters . Career Priya had served as Divisional Officer in various places .Prior to assuming office in Chennai she served the Coimbatore region.Her first posting was at Nagapattinam .she had also served as Divisional Officer of Coimbatore -Nilgris Districts.As a probationary Officer she won accolades from the Western Belt for her dedication at a rescue work in a building |
{"datasets_id": 161897, "wiki_id": "Q7246477", "sp": 10, "sc": 356, "ep": 10, "ec": 997} | 161,897 | Q7246477 | 10 | 356 | 10 | 997 | Priya Ravichandran | Career | collapse at Coimbatore where the fire fighters under her supervision rescued the trapped victims . She then worked as the Deputy Director at the State Training Centre at Tambaram where she trained private and Government employees in fire fighting skills .She hosted the prestigious Team commander for the Republic Day parade Contingent for two consecutive years - 2008 and 2009. She has been member of many government committees, including physical verification of Women Station Officers recruited by the State public service Commission. She has been a board member for the interview of the selected candidates in TNPSC.
Priya was |
{"datasets_id": 161897, "wiki_id": "Q7246477", "sp": 10, "sc": 997, "ep": 10, "ec": 1601} | 161,897 | Q7246477 | 10 | 997 | 10 | 1,601 | Priya Ravichandran | Career | among eight representatives selected from various departments in Government of India and the only woman in the team to visit Germany for studying industrial risk management.
In January 2012, on the day of theharvest festival for the Tamils the State Headquarters was alerted about a Fire in part of the heritage Government building - Ezhilagam . As Divisional Officer of Central Chennai she rushed to the spot . The city strength workforce , fire tenders was mobilised to tackle this fire . During the operation at the Kalas Mahal Heritage centre she was severely injured along with an Officer |
{"datasets_id": 161897, "wiki_id": "Q7246477", "sp": 10, "sc": 1601, "ep": 10, "ec": 2175} | 161,897 | Q7246477 | 10 | 1,601 | 10 | 2,175 | Priya Ravichandran | Career | while one met his fatal end while attempting to rescue the victims.
She was admitted at the Appollo Hospitals and Chief Minister J.Jayalalitha visited her at the hospital and assured the support of the Government in her speedy recovery to her kith and kin . In recognition of her brave deed she was awarded the Anna Medal for Bravery - the first of its kind to a Government employee . She was also awarded the President Medal for gallantry .She is the first woman officer in the Department to be awarded with the President medal.
She also became the first |
{"datasets_id": 161897, "wiki_id": "Q7246477", "sp": 10, "sc": 2175, "ep": 10, "ec": 2644} | 161,897 | Q7246477 | 10 | 2,175 | 10 | 2,644 | Priya Ravichandran | Career | Officer to be promoted and posted as Deputy Director Headquarters .Her come back to work with the same zeal and strength was seen with an overwheming feeling of reverence by everyone. The media had given special mention of her comeback to the field when she supervised and was present at the spot of rescue operations during the building collapse at Moulivakkam ,Chennai . She has become an icon of dedication , dynamic and courage for the fire fighters in the State . |
{"datasets_id": 161898, "wiki_id": "Q11180171", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 567} | 161,898 | Q11180171 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 567 | Qi Commandery | Qi Commandery Qi Commandery (Chinese: 齊郡) was a commandery in historical China, located in what is now central Shandong province.
The commandery was established in the Qin dynasty, possibly as Linzi Commandery (臨菑郡). In early Western Han dynasty, it became part of the Qi Kingdom under Liu Fei, son of Liu Bang, and his descendants. In 165 BC, Liu Ze (劉則), the grandson of Fei and reigning King of Qi, died without issue and the Han court divided the kingdom among the sons of Fei. Linzi Commandery became the fief of Liu Jianglü (劉將閭) and retained the name "Qi", although |
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{"datasets_id": 161898, "wiki_id": "Q11180171", "sp": 4, "sc": 567, "ep": 4, "ec": 1179} | 161,898 | Q11180171 | 4 | 567 | 4 | 1,179 | Qi Commandery | it was only a fraction of Fei's Qi Kingdom. In 127 BC, Liu Cichang (劉次昌) died without issue, and the territory became directly administered by the Han central government as the Qi Commandery. In late Western Han dynasty, the commandery consisted of 12 counties and marquessates: Linzi (臨淄), Changguo (昌國), Li (利), Xi'an (西安), Juding (鉅定), Guang (廣), Guangrao (廣饒), Zhaonan (昭南), Linqu (臨朐), Beixiang (北鄉), Pingguang (平廣) and Taixiang (臺鄉). The total population in 2 AD was 554,444, in 154,826 households. The seat was Linzi, capital of the Warring States era Qi state.
In Eastern Han dynasty, Qi was the |
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{"datasets_id": 161898, "wiki_id": "Q11180171", "sp": 4, "sc": 1179, "ep": 4, "ec": 1796} | 161,898 | Q11180171 | 4 | 1,179 | 4 | 1,796 | Qi Commandery | fief of Liu Zhang (劉章), nephew of Emperor Guangwu, and his descendants until 206 AD. In 140 AD, there were 6 counties, namely Linzi, Xi'an, Changguo, Linqu, Guang and Banyang (般陽), with a total population of 491,765 (64,415 households).
In Cao Wei dynasty, Qi was granted to Cao Fang, adopted son of Emperor Ming of Wei. After the foundation of Western Jin, Qi was granted to Sima You, brother of Emperor Wu, and passed to his descendants until the Yongjia era.
In Northern Wei, Qi administered 9 counties, including Linzi, Changguo, Yidu (益都), Panyang (盤陽), Pingchang (平昌), Guangrao, Xi'an, Anping |
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{"datasets_id": 161898, "wiki_id": "Q11180171", "sp": 4, "sc": 1796, "ep": 4, "ec": 2210} | 161,898 | Q11180171 | 4 | 1,796 | 4 | 2,210 | Qi Commandery | (安平) and Guangchuan (廣川). According to the Book of Wei, the population was 82,100, in 30,848 households. The commandery was abolished in early Sui dynasty.
In Sui and Tang dynasties, Qi Commandery became an alternative name of Qi Prefecture (齊州). In 741, there were 6 counties, namely Licheng, Zhangqiu, Linyi (臨邑), Linji (臨濟), Changqing (長清) and Yucheng. The population was 365,972, in 62,485 households. |
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{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 599} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 599 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Early life | Ramgopal Ghosh Early life The family hailed from Bagati, near Mogra in Hooghly District. His father, Gobinda Chandra Ghosh had a small shop in Kolkata's China Bazar. His maternal grandfather, Dewan Ramprasad Singha, used to work in the office of King Hamilton & Co. in Kolkata. Ghosh was born in his maternal grandfather's house.
There are two opinions about his childhood. The first says that he initially joined Sherburne's School and started learning English. At that time Hara Chandra Ghosh, then a student of Hindu College and later one of the leading Derozians, married a relative of his. Observing the keenness |
{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 6, "sc": 599, "ep": 6, "ec": 1161} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 6 | 599 | 6 | 1,161 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Early life | of young Ramgopal, Hara Chandra pestered the former's father to get him admitted in Hindu College. His father did not have the means to pay for his education at Hindu College. However, one Mr. Rogers of King Hamilton & Co. agreed to pay the fees and he was admitted to Hindu College. The second opinion is that Mr. Rogers got him admitted in Hindu College right from the beginning.
Ghosh did not have to continue that way for long. His brilliance attracted the attention of David Hare and soon he was on the latter's free student list. In time he joined |
{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 6, "sc": 1161, "ep": 6, "ec": 1802} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 6 | 1,161 | 6 | 1,802 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Early life | the class of Derozio. He became friendly with Ramtanu Lahiri and the other Derozians. His dedication attracted Derozio's attention and he used to coach him in English philosophy and poetry outside class hours.
When Derozio established the Academic Association, Ghosh became one of its leading members. It was in the meeting of the Association that Ghosh learnt to express himself fluently in English. The meetings of the Academic Association were attended by such people as Sir Edward Ryan, who was a judge of the Supreme Court and W.W.Bird, who later became lieutenant governor of Bengal. They warmly appreciated Ghosh's talent and |
{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 6, "sc": 1802, "ep": 10, "ec": 556} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 6 | 1,802 | 10 | 556 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Early life & Business activities | openly encouraged him. Business activities Ghosh had to leave his studies unfinished and get on in working life. On the recommendation of David Hare, he started working with a Jewish businessman named Joseph. Later, another businessman name Kelsall joined the firm, Ghosh served them as a middle-man. When the two fell out, Ghosh formed a jointly owned firm Kelsall, Ghose & Co., and still later, around 1848, he floated his own firm, R.G.Ghosh & Co. In the process he accumulated fabulous wealth.
One of the great qualities of Ghosh was that he never forgot his old friends. Even as he went |
{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 10, "sc": 556, "ep": 10, "ec": 1107} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 10 | 556 | 10 | 1,107 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Business activities | up the financial and social ladder he kept close contact with them and helped them whenever they were in need. There were occasions when he helped his old friends such as Ramtanu Lahiri and Rasik Krishna Mallick.
When his grand father died, there was a hue and cry in society that he was opposed to Hindu religion and there was possibility of his being ostracised. His father appealed to him to declare publicly his faith in Hindu religion but he turned to his father and said, "I am ever willing to obey you and bear any pains for that but I |
{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 10, "sc": 1107, "ep": 14, "ec": 243} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 10 | 1,107 | 14 | 243 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Business activities & Oration and social reforms | cannot tell a lie." When this spread around, he gained in the esteem in society. On another occasion his business had nosedived and there was possibility of his becoming bankrupt. His friends advised him to transfer his assets to others but he refused to follow an illegal path. His personal integrity has been acknowledged even by more recent historians. Oration and social reforms His speeches on the Black Acts (1850), which aimed at bringing disputes between Europeans and Asians under the jurisdiction of the Company's courts and those criticising the European protests against a well-intentioned government move to bring |
{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 14, "sc": 243, "ep": 14, "ec": 847} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 14 | 243 | 14 | 847 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Oration and social reforms | Europeans on par with the natives in judicial treatment were a landmark. He was the first, as early as 1853, to demand the eligibility of Indians in the civil service examinations. In 1854, he was the first Indian to propose the establishment of universities in India. He supported the move of Dwarkanath Tagore to send four students to England for higher medical studies.
Ghosh not only delivered fiery speeches but also wrote effectively. His publication of a booklet A Few Remarks on Certain Draft Acts, Commonly Called Black Acts so angered the English that he was forced out of his position |
{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 14, "sc": 847, "ep": 14, "ec": 1445} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 14 | 847 | 14 | 1,445 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Oration and social reforms | as vice-president of the Agri-Horticultural Society. He was closely associated with the publications of the time, such as Jnananwesan and Bengal Spectator. He took an active part in the establishment of the British Indian Association and was a member of its committee.
He not only indulged in politics but also other causes. It was at his initiative that a decision was taken to erect a statue of David Hare. He was the first to offer one month's income for the purpose; others followed and the statue stands to this day in the compound of Presidency College.
In his last days, he |
{"datasets_id": 161899, "wiki_id": "Q7289518", "sp": 14, "sc": 1445, "ep": 14, "ec": 1504} | 161,899 | Q7289518 | 14 | 1,445 | 14 | 1,504 | Ramgopal Ghosh | Oration and social reforms | wrote off loans totalling Rs. 40,000 given to his friends. |
{"datasets_id": 161900, "wiki_id": "Q7294975", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 12, "ec": 7} | 161,900 | Q7294975 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 7 | Rashmi Bansal | Early life and education & Career in Journalism & Career as an Author | Rashmi Bansal Early life and education Bansal grew up at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in South Mumbai where her father was an astrophysicist. After attending St Joseph's High School in Colaba, she studied at Sophia College for Women before earning an MBA in 1993 from the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. Career in Journalism On graduating from IIM, she first worked as a brand manager for the Times of India. After developing a youth page for The Independent, she went on to found JAM (Just Another Magazine), a youth magazine in collaboration with her husband Yatin Bansal. Career |
{"datasets_id": 161900, "wiki_id": "Q7294975", "sp": 12, "sc": 6, "ep": 14, "ec": 586} | 161,900 | Q7294975 | 12 | 6 | 14 | 586 | Rashmi Bansal | Career as an Author | as an Author She was inspired to write Stay Hungry Stay Foolish (2008) by Rakesh Basant, a professor at IIM Ahmedabad who suggested she should cover the experiences of 25 entrepreneurs from the school. It turned out to be so successful that 100,000 copies were sold in the first 10 months, eventually recording sales of over 350,000. Her next book, Connect the Dots (2010), traced the progress of entrepreneurs without the MBA qualification. It also proved to be a best seller. Her I Have a Dream (2011) focused on social entrepreneurs, introducing an interesting mix of English and Hindi, popularly |
{"datasets_id": 161900, "wiki_id": "Q7294975", "sp": 14, "sc": 586, "ep": 14, "ec": 1198} | 161,900 | Q7294975 | 14 | 586 | 14 | 1,198 | Rashmi Bansal | Career as an Author | known as Hinglish, in an attempt to add a more realistic account of her personalities.
In an interview with Heather Timmons of the New York Times, Bansal explained she decided to use Hinglish as it provides a more direct representation of people's voices and "makes them more real". More recently, Bansal has written another four bestsellers on entrepreneurs: Poor Little Rich Slum, Follow Every Rainbow, Take Me Home and Arise Awake. All are concerned with entrepreneurship with advice on how to succeed. She frequently illustrates her ideas with accounts of those who have risen to unexpected heights. |
{"datasets_id": 161901, "wiki_id": "Q17086860", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 31} | 161,901 | Q17086860 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 31 | Regiment Skoonspruit | Origin & Operations & Disbandment | Regiment Skoonspruit Origin This Regiment was formed in 1966. Operations The regiment was deployed to the Kaokoveld in 1981 seeing action against SWAPO/PLAN insurgents. A member was killed by an enemy rifle grenade. Disbandment The unit was disbanded in 1999. |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 760} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 760 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | RASEI's Four Goals | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute RASEI's Four Goals Create Integrated Energy Campus: Create a world-leading venue for energy research and education that benefits from the concentration of academic institutions, federal research laboratories, and businesses involved in the green economy along Colorado’s Front Range.
Perform Innovative Research: Develop a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to research that meets the scientific and institutional energy challenges of the 21st century.
Educate Energy Leaders and Workforce: Provide programs, lectures, and opportunities that prepare students to become the energy leaders of the future.
Develop Industry Partnerships: Engage industry partners in comprehensive programs involving energy research, education, policy, and technology |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 6, "sc": 760, "ep": 10, "ec": 573} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 6 | 760 | 10 | 573 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | RASEI's Four Goals & Understanding the Scale and Complexity of the Energy Challenge | development. Understanding the Scale and Complexity of the Energy Challenge We face an unprecedented global energy challenge. Demand for energy is projected to double within the next few decades and continue to grow through the end of the century. To meet this ever-growing demand, energy industries of the 21st century need an entirely new infrastructure that produces more energy at a lower cost, uses energy far more efficiently, improves the security of supply by relying more on domestic and stable sources, and produces far fewer greenhouse gas emissions.
The scale and complexity of the energy challenge and the intense competition in |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 10, "sc": 573, "ep": 18, "ec": 140} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 10 | 573 | 18 | 140 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | Understanding the Scale and Complexity of the Energy Challenge & Notable people & Related News | the energy marketplace necessitate a comprehensive approach for developing new energy industries. A measured investment from the public and private sectors and new models for public-private partnerships are required.
Understanding the dynamics of this new marketplace and the factors governing a sustainable energy system are crucial for emerging energy industries to succeed. These systems must meet multiple requirements such as scaling to a terawatt, using readily available resources for manufacturing, and having a sustainable lifecycle. Notable people Arthur Nozik Related News The Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute today announced its inaugural group of RASEI Fellow appointments and plans for future faculty |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 18, "sc": 140, "ep": 18, "ec": 852} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 18 | 140 | 18 | 852 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | Related News | hires to form one of the world's leading university and federal laboratory partnerships in the development and commercialization of renewable energy technologies.
RASEI, a new joint institute between the University of Colorado at Boulder and the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, made the announcement at CU-Boulder's Annual Energy Research Symposium taking place today in Boulder.
"NREL and CU-Boulder, along with research colleagues from Colorado State University and the Colorado School of Mines, are already working together on a variety of critical energy technologies that will help to ensure a clean and sustainable energy supply for our nation's |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 18, "sc": 852, "ep": 18, "ec": 1559} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 18 | 852 | 18 | 1,559 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | Related News | future," said Robert McGrath, NREL deputy laboratory director for science and technology, and one of RASEI's chief architects. "The newly established RASEI significantly strengthens the structural platform enabling CU-Boulder and NREL researchers to take full advantage of the complementary strengths resident within each institution."
A national search will be conducted for RASEI's director. In addition to creating the resources to attract a top candidate to lead the new institute, CU-Boulder plans to designate as many as 10 new faculty hires to RASEI over the next several years, with exact levels of support contingent upon the Colorado economy and the university's budget.
Institute |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 18, "sc": 1559, "ep": 18, "ec": 2261} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 18 | 1,559 | 18 | 2,261 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | Related News | management and decision-making will be coordinated by the new director, a private-sector Leadership Board and a set of prominent research fellows appointed from NREL and CU-Boulder. The initial 34 RASEI fellows named today include 18 from CU-Boulder and 16 from NREL.
"CU has a long history of joint institutes with national laboratories that attract the highest caliber leadership and scientific talent," said CU-Boulder Chancellor Philip P. DiStefano. "With this initiative, CU is fostering an invaluable working relationship with an important partner, and opening up new opportunities for CU researchers to collaborate with Stanford, MIT and other major American Association of Universities |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 18, "sc": 2261, "ep": 18, "ec": 3065} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 18 | 2,261 | 18 | 3,065 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | Related News | research institutions focusing on the development of new energy solutions."
RASEI will operate much like CU-Boulder's other independent research institutes, including JILA, which collaborates with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, which collaborates with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
According to McGrath, "RASEI will expand and build upon the work already initiated under the Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion, the Colorado Center for Biorefining and Biofuels, the Center for Research and Education in Wind and other research centers affiliated with the Colorado Renewable Energy Collaboratory."
The Collaboratory's partners include CU-Boulder, CSU, the |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 18, "sc": 3065, "ep": 18, "ec": 3763} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 18 | 3,065 | 18 | 3,763 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | Related News | Colorado School of Mines and NREL.
"Colorado's new energy economy is leading America toward a new energy future, and collaborations between our universities and national laboratories such as RASEI are leading the way," said Colorado Gov. Bill Ritter. "RASEI is poised to attract the best and brightest new research talent to the state of Colorado, which will also bring good jobs and advance clean energy technologies."
And with ConocoPhillips, a member of RASEI's industry-driven Leadership Board, building a new global technology center and corporate learning center at the Sun Microsystems/StorageTek site in Louisville, the new institute will spur greater overall investment in |
{"datasets_id": 161902, "wiki_id": "Q28368752", "sp": 18, "sc": 3763, "ep": 18, "ec": 4455} | 161,902 | Q28368752 | 18 | 3,763 | 18 | 4,455 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute | Related News | new energy development in Colorado, now seen as a national hub for clean energy technology creation. The new ConocoPhillips center will handle research and development of renewable energy and high-tech carbon fuels recovery.
"One of the key reasons ConocoPhillips plans to locate its new global technology center and corporate learning center in Colorado is the exceptional research talent pool in close proximity to our proposed campus," said Stephen Brand, ConocoPhillips' senior vice president for technology. "As a long-time collaborator with CU-Boulder, and member of the RASEI Leadership Council, ConocoPhillips is committed to making this new institute a world-class success." |
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 639} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 639 | Renewable energy in Brazil | Renewable energy in Brazil As of 2018, renewable energy accounted for 79% of the domestically produced electricity used in Brazil.
Brazil relies on hydroelectricity for 65% of its electricity, and the Brazilian government plans to expand the share of biomass and wind energy (currently 6%) as alternatives. Wind energy has the greatest potential in Brazil during the dry season, so it is considered a hedge against low rainfall and the geographical spread of existing hydroelectric resources.
In January 2015, a drought in Brazil that cut water to the country's hydroelectric dams prompted severe energy shortages. This crisis ravaged the country's |
|
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 4, "sc": 639, "ep": 4, "ec": 1294} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 4 | 639 | 4 | 1,294 | Renewable energy in Brazil | economy and led to electricity rationing.
Brazil held its first wind-only energy auction in 2009, in a move to diversify its energy portfolio. Foreign companies scrambled to take part.
The bidding lead to the construction of 2 gigawatts (GW) of wind production with an investment of about $6 billion over the following two years.
Brazil's technical potential for wind energy is 143 GW due to the country's blustery 7,400 kilometres (4,600 mi) kilometres coastline where most projects are based.
The Brazilian Wind Energy Association and the government have set a goal of achieving 20 GW of wind energy capacity by 2020 |
|
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 4, "sc": 1294, "ep": 4, "ec": 2006} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 4 | 1,294 | 4 | 2,006 | Renewable energy in Brazil | from the current 5 GW (2014). The industry hopes the auction will help kick-start the wind-energy sector, which already accounts for 70% of the total in all of Latin America.
According to Brazil's Energy Master-plan 2016-2026 (PDE2016-2026), Brazil is expected to install 18,5GW of additional wind power generation, 84% in the North-East and 14% in the South.
Brazil started focusing on developing alternative sources of energy, mainly sugarcane ethanol, after the oil shocks in the 1970s.
Brazil's large sugarcane farms helped the development.
In 1985, 91% of cars produced that year ran on sugarcane ethanol.
The success of flexible-fuel vehicles, introduced in 2003, |
|
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 4, "sc": 2006, "ep": 12, "ec": 264} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 4 | 2,006 | 12 | 264 | Renewable energy in Brazil | Hydroelectricity & Itaipu power plant | together with the mandatory E25 blend throughout the country, have allowed ethanol fuel consumption in the country to achieve a 50% market share of the gasoline-powered fleet by February 2008. Hydroelectricity Hydroelectric power plants produce almost 80% of the electrical energy consumed in Brazil.
Brazil has the third highest potential for hydroelectricity, following Russia and China. Itaipu power plant The Itaipu Dam is the world's second largest hydroelectric power station by installed capacity.
Built on the Paraná River dividing Brazil and Paraguay, the dam provides over 75% of Paraguay's electric power needs, and meets more than 20% of Brazil's total |
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 12, "sc": 264, "ep": 12, "ec": 948} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 12 | 264 | 12 | 948 | Renewable energy in Brazil | Itaipu power plant | electricity demand.
The river runs along the border of the two countries, and during the initial diplomatic talks for the dam construction both countries were suffering from droughts.
The original goal was therefore to provide better management and utilization of water resources for the irrigation of crops.
Argentina was also later incorporated in some of the governmental planning and agreements because it is directly affected, being downstream, by the regulation of the water on the river.
If the dam were to completely open the water flow, areas as far south as Buenos Aires could potentially flood.
Construction of the dam started in |
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 12, "sc": 948, "ep": 16, "ec": 139} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 12 | 948 | 16 | 139 | Renewable energy in Brazil | Itaipu power plant & Solar power | 1975, and the first generator was opened in 1983.
It is estimated that 10,000 locals were displaced by the construction of the dam, and around 40,000 people were hired to help with the construction of the project.
Many environmental concerns were overlooked when constructing the dam, due to the trade-off considering the production of such a large amount of energy without carbon emissions, and no immediate harmful byproducts, such as with nuclear energy. Solar power As of August 2019, according to ONS, total installed capacity of photovoltaic solar was 3.3 GW, with 1.5 GW in the Northeast Region and 1.3 |
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 16, "sc": 139, "ep": 20, "ec": 361} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 16 | 139 | 20 | 361 | Renewable energy in Brazil | Solar power & Ethanol fuel | GW in the Southeast Region.
Brazil has one of the highest solar incidence in the world.
The largest solar plants in Brazil consist of Ituverava and the Nova Olinda plants. The Ituverava solar plant produces 254 MW and the Nova Olinda plant produces 292 MW. Ethanol fuel Brazil's ethanol program started in 1975, when soaring oil prices put a chokehold on the economy.
Sugarcane was an obvious candidate, given Brazil's large amount of arable land and favourable climate.
Most cars on the road today in Brazil can run on blends of up to 25% ethanol, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed |
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 20, "sc": 361, "ep": 20, "ec": 995} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 20 | 361 | 20 | 995 | Renewable energy in Brazil | Ethanol fuel | to run on much higher ethanol blends.
Most car makers in Brazil sell flexible-fuel cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 100% ethanol (E100).
In 2009, 90% of cars produced that year ran on sugarcane ethanol.
Brazil is the second largest producer of ethanol in the world and is the largest exporter of the fuel.
In 2008, Brazil produced 454,000 bbl/d of ethanol, up from 365,000 in 2007.
All gasoline in Brazil contains ethanol, with blending levels varying from 20–25%.
Over half of all cars in the country are of the |
{"datasets_id": 161903, "wiki_id": "Q48855863", "sp": 20, "sc": 995, "ep": 20, "ec": 1677} | 161,903 | Q48855863 | 20 | 995 | 20 | 1,677 | Renewable energy in Brazil | Ethanol fuel | flex-fuel variety, meaning that they can run on 100% ethanol or an ethanol-gasoline mixture.
According to ANP, Brazil also produced about 20,000 bbl/d of biodiesel in 2008, and the agency has enacted a 3% blending requirement for domestic diesel sales.
The importance of ethanol in Brazil's domestic transportation fuels market is expected to increase in the future.
According to Petrobras, ethanol accounts for more than 50% of current light vehicle fuel demand, and the company expects this to increase to over 80% by 2020.
Because ethanol production continues to grow faster than domestic demand, Brazil has sought to increase ethanol exports. |
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